hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wild Gunman
Wild Gunman is a light gun shooter game developed and published by Nintendo. Based on a 1974 electro-mechanical arcade game by Gunpei Yokoi, it was adapted to a video game for the Famicom console in Japan in 1984. In North America, it was released in 1985 as a launch game for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) with the Zapper light gun.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
PD-4501 Scenicruiser
The GMC PD-4501 Scenicruiser, manufactured by General Motors (GM) for Greyhound Lines, Inc., was a three-axle monocoque two-level coach that Greyhound used from July 1954 into the mid-1970s. 1001 were made between 1954 and 1956.

The Scenicruiser became an icon of the American way of life due to its presence throughout the United States in cities and along highways and popularity with the traveling public. The name was a portmanteau of the words "scenic" and "cruiser".

The high-level design concept of Scenicruiser resembles some of the rolling stock of the passenger-carrying railroads of the United States and Canada, particularly their popular stainless steel dome cars. This type of two-level motorcoach body was common in the late 1940s in Western Europe, including Great Britain, where it was known as Observation coach.

The concept of two-level monocoque body had been used earlier in the Spanish Pegaso Z-403 two-axle coach, designed in 1949 and entered production in 1951.

Greyhound Lines
Greyhound Lines, Inc. is an American operator of intercity bus services. Greyhound operates the largest intercity bus network in the United States, and also operates charter and Amtrak Thruway services, as well as intercity buses in Mexico. Based in Dallas, Texas, Greyhound is a subsidiary of Flix SE, owner of FlixBus. Greyhound serves over 1,600 American destinations. The company's first route began in Hibbing, Minnesota, in 1914 and the company adopted the Greyhound name in 1929.
Mk44 Bushmaster II
The Mk44 Bushmaster II is a 30 mm chain gun manufactured by Northrop Grumman.  It is a derivative of the 25 mm M242 Bushmaster, and uses 70% of the same parts as the M242 while increasing the firepower by as much as 50% with the 20% increase in caliber size. The barrel is chromium-plated for extended life. The gun uses standard GAU-8 Avenger ammunition that is available in API (Armor-Piercing Incendiary), HEI (High-Explosive Incendiary) and APFSDS-T (Armor-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot-Tracer) variants.

The gun can be converted to a caliber of 40×180 mm, which involves changing the barrel and a few key parts, to use the SuperShot 40 cartridge. It can also be converted to use the 30×170 mm RARDEN cartridge.

Pandur II (8×8)
The Pandur II is an improved modular all-wheel-drive version of the Pandur 6×6 APC wheeled armoured vehicle. It was developed as a private venture by the Austrian company Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfahrzeuge. Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfahrzeuge is part of General Dynamics European Land Systems (GDELS), which is also the parent company of MOWAG of Switzerland and Santa Bárbara Sistemas of Spain.
Minamoto no Shitagō
Minamoto no Shitagō (源 順; 911–983) was a mid Heian waka poet, scholar and nobleman. He was also a male-line descendant of Emperor Saga. He was the original compiler of the Wamyō Ruijushō, the first Japanese dictionary organized into semantic headings. He was designated as one of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals for his distinguished poetic accomplishments. In addition to the Wamyō Ruijushō, his remaining works include a poetry collection known as the Minamoto no Shitagōshū (源順集). Some scholars claim that he is the author of the Taketori Monogatari (Tale of the Bamboo Cutter).  Ziro Uraki also posits him as a possible author of Utsuho Monogatari (Tale of the Hollow Tree) in the foreword to his English translation of that work.

As one of the Five Men of the Pear Chamber he assisted in the compilation of the waka anthology Gosen Wakashū. He also compiled kun'yomi readings for texts from the revered Man'yōshū anthology.

Five Men of the Pear Chamber
The Five Men of the Pear Chamber (梨壺の五人, Nashitsubo no gonin) are a group of Heian period (794–1185) Japanese poets and scholars who cooperated in the compilation of the Gosen Wakashū. They also compiled kundoku (訓読) readings for texts from the Man'yōshū. The group was composed of the following men:

Ōnakatomi no Yoshinobu (大中臣能宣, (921-991)

Minamoto no Shitagō (源順, 911-983)

Kiyohara no Motosuke (清原元輔, 908-990)

Sakanoue no Mochiki (坂上望城, dates unknown)

Ki no Tokibumi (紀時文, 922-996)
Law of continuity
The law of continuity is a heuristic principle introduced by Gottfried Leibniz based on earlier work by Nicholas of Cusa and Johannes Kepler. It is the principle that "whatever succeeds for the finite, also succeeds for the infinite". Kepler used the law of continuity to calculate the area of the circle by representing it as an infinite-sided polygon with infinitesimal sides, and adding the areas of infinitely many triangles with infinitesimal bases. Leibniz used the principle to extend concepts such as arithmetic operations from ordinary numbers to infinitesimals, laying the groundwork for infinitesimal calculus. The transfer principle provides a mathematical implementation of the law of continuity in the context of the hyperreal numbers.

A related law of continuity concerning intersection numbers in geometry was promoted by Jean-Victor Poncelet in his "Traité des propriétés projectives des figures".

Transfer principle
In model theory, a transfer principle states that all statements of some language that are true for some structure are true for another structure. One of the first examples was the Lefschetz principle, which states that any sentence in the first-order language of fields that is true for the complex numbers is also true for any algebraically closed field of characteristic 0.
Lappila railway station
The Lappila railway station (Finnish: Lappilan rautatieasema, Swedish: Lappila järnvägsstation) is located in Kärkölä, Finland, in the village and urban area of Lappila. It is located along the Riihimäki–Lahti line, and its neighboring stations are Mommila in the west and Järvelä in the east.

Lappila
Lappila is a village of Kärkölä municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. Its population is about 600. The village is located along the Riihimäki–Lahti railway, along which VR's regional trains stop at Lappila railway station. From the north, Lappila is bypassed by the main road 54, on the north side of which the Teuronjoki River flows near Lappila.

Lappila is the youngest of the villages of Kärkölä, inhabited only in the 16th and 17th centuries, being before that Vanaja' hunting ground; in the Kalmberg map of 1855–1856, the village is mentioned as "Lappila by" and there are three houses. A primary school was built in Lappila in the 1890s and opened in 1898. Teaching was transferred in 1951 to a new stone school, which was closed in 2012. The wooden school later housed a library. In 1934, the Lappilinna youth club was built in the village.

A local sports association called Lappila Nousu has been organizing the Finnish Beach Wrestling Championships since 2015.
Ace Comics
Ace Comics was a comic book series published by David McKay Publications between 1937 and 1949 – starting just before the Golden Age of Comic Books. The title reprinted syndicated newspaper strips owned by King Features Syndicate, following the successful formula of a mix of adventure and humor strips introduced by McKay in their King Comics title in April 1936; some of the strips were transferred from King Comics and continued in Ace Comics from issue #1. Ace Comics #11, the first appearance of The Phantom, is regarded by many to be a key issue in the history of comics, as it introduced to the comics format one of the first of the costumed heroes, leading to the Golden Age of superheroes in comics.

Dave Breger
Irving David Breger (April 15, 1908 – January 16, 1970) was an American cartoonist who created the syndicated Mister Breger (1945–1970), a gag panel series and Sunday comic strip known earlier as Private Breger and G.I. Joe. The series led to widespread usage of the term "G.I. Joe" during World War II and later. Dave Breger was his signature and the byline on his books. During World War II, his cartoons were signed Sgt. Dave Breger.
Buarbreen
Buarbreen is a glacier in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is an offshoot of the large Folgefonna glacier. The small glacial arm reaches down into the Buardalen valley, just 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of the town of Odda. The glacier is split into two parts, one on either side of a small mountain peak. Both sides drain into the Jordalselvi river which flows out through the valley into the lake Sandvinvatnet.

Sandvinvatnet
Sandvinvatnet is a lake in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 4.3-square-kilometre (1.7 sq mi) lake lies on the southern edge of the town of Odda. The Buardalen valley and Buarbreen glacier lie to the west of the lake. The Norwegian National Road 13 runs along the east side of the lake. The lake water flows north into the short river Opo, before entering the Sørfjorden.
Dardanelle, Arkansas
Dardanelle is a city in northeast Yell County, Arkansas, United States. Its population was 4,517 at the 2020 census. Along with Danville, it serves as a county seat for Yell County. It is located near Lake Dardanelle. Dardanelle is part of the Russellville micropolitan statistical area.

Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge
Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge is a 7,055 acre (28.6 km2) wildlife refuge located 5 miles south-east of Dardanelle, Arkansas.

The Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge is bounded on one side by the Arkansas River and on its other sides by an oxbow lake that was formerly the main channel of the Arkansas. The oxbow lake was formed in 1954 by the Army Corps of Engineers during their efforts to straighten the Arkansas River navigation channel. The island that was formed by this project between the old and new channels was transferred to the US Department of the Interior in 1957 for use as a wildlife refuge. The land was formerly agricultural land but was abandoned after the 1927 flood.

The primary function of this refuge is to provide a winter home for ducks and geese that migrate from the north along the Mississippi Flyway each year. Up to 100,000 of these fowl live in the refuge during the winter months.
Curmsun Disc
The Curmsun Disc is a convex-concave gold disc that gained scholarly attention in 2014. The disc's characteristics are influenced by Byzantine coins and seals. A majority of scholars in the field have questioned the dating or provenance of the disc or have called it a forgery.

Jomsborg
Jomsborg or Jómsborg was a semi-legendary Viking stronghold at the southern coast of the Baltic Sea (medieval Wendland, modern Pomerania), that existed between the 960s and 1043. Its inhabitants were known as Jomsvikings. Jomsborg's exact location, or its existence, has not yet been established, though it is often maintained that Jomsborg was located on the eastern outlet of the Oder river. Historian Lauritz Weibull dismissed Jomsborg as a legend.

The only source that mentions a precise location of Jomsborg (53°51′50″N 14°43′05″E﻿ / ﻿53.86389°N 14.71806°E﻿ / 53.86389; 14.71806) is the controversial Gesta Wulinensis ecclesiae pontificum that was discovered in the autumn of 2019.
Lucius Atilius (jurist)
Lucius Atilius, of the Atilia gens, was a jurist of ancient Rome, who lived around the 2nd century BCE.

The 2nd century jurist Sextus Pomponius called him "Publius Atilius", and in some manuscripts of Cicero, he is called "Acilius", not "Atilius".

He was among the earliest of the jurisconsults, after Tiberius Coruncanius, who gave public instruction in law, and he was remarkable for his expertise in teaching. He was the first Roman who was called by the people Sapiens ("the Wise"), although, before his time, the jurist Publius Sempronius Sophus (who was consul in 304 BCE) had acquired the cognomen Sophus, less expressive to Latin ears. Sapiens was afterwards a title frequently given to jurists.

He wrote commentaries on the laws of the Twelve Tables.

Atilia gens
The gens Atilia, sometimes written Atillia, was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, which rose to prominence at the beginning of the fourth century BC.  The first member of this gens to attain the consulship was Marcus Atilius Regulus, in 335 BC.  The Atilii continued to hold the highest offices of the state throughout the history of the Republic, and well into imperial times.
Regent Bridge
Regent Bridge is a road bridge in Edinburgh, Scotland, where the A1 road enters the New Town from the east and passes over a hollow near Calton Hill. The bridge was built in the 19th century, in the neoclassical style as the medieval city was modernised and expanded to the north and east.

Calton Hill
Calton Hill  (/ˈkɔːltən/; Scottish Gaelic: Cnoc Coilltinn) is a hill in central Edinburgh, Scotland, situated beyond the east end of Princes Street and included in the city's UNESCO World Heritage Site. Views of, and from, the hill are often used in photographs and paintings of the city.

Calton Hill is the headquarters of the Scottish Government, which is based at St Andrew's House, on the steep southern slope of the hill. The Scottish Parliament Building and other prominent buildings such as Holyrood Palace lie near the foot of the hill. Calton Hill is also the location of several monuments and buildings: the National Monument, the Nelson Monument, the Dugald Stewart Monument, the old Royal High School, the Robert Burns Monument, the Political Martyrs' Monument and the City Observatory.

The area lies between the Edinburgh districts of Greenside and Abbeyhill.
Kongō-ji
Kongō-ji (金剛寺) is a Buddhist temple in Kawachinagano, Osaka, Japan. It is the head temple of the Shingon Omuro sect. and also known under its mountain-name as  Amanosan Kongō-ji (天野山 金剛寺). It is the 7th temple on the Shin Saigoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage (新西国三十三箇所) and is notable for the large number of designated cultural properties. The precincts of the temple were designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1934 with the area under protection expanded in 2011.

Kawachinagano
Kawachinagano (河内長野市, Kawachinagano-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 101,649 in 47493 households and a population density of 930 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 109.63 square kilometres (42.33 sq mi).
Macarthur Coal
Macarthur Coal was a mining company based in Queensland, Australia, which was incorporated in October 1995. The company was founded by Ken Talbot, who was a former chief executive officer.

It specialised in the production of metallurgical coal from mines in the Bowen Basin, specifically low-volatile pulverised injection coal used in steel making; essentially all the coal it produced was exported from Australia.

Bowen Basin
The Bowen Basin contains the largest coal reserves in Australia. This major coal-producing region contains one of the world's largest deposits of bituminous coal.  The Basin contains much of the known Permian coal resources in Queensland including virtually all of the known mineable prime coking coal. It was named for the Bowen River, itself named after Queensland's first Governor, Sir George Bowen.

The Bowen Basin covers an area of over 60,000 square kilometres in Central Queensland running from Collinsville to Theodore.  There was a combined population of 41,973 people in the area in 2001. The ornamental snake is a small reptile native to the Bowen Basin region.
Aitana (mountain)
Aitana (Valencian: [ajˈtana], Spanish: [ajˈtana]) is a mountain massif that is part of Prebaetic System in the eastern end of the Iberian Peninsula. Administratively, the mountainous area is located in the Marina Baixa, Alcoià and Comtat comarcas in the northern part of Alicante province, Valencian Community, Spain. Its peak at 1,558 metres above sea level is the highest point of the province.

Prebaetic System
The Prebaetic System (Spanish: Sistemas Prebéticos or Sistema Prebético, also often referred to simply as Prebético) is a system of mountain ranges that forms the northeasternmost prolongation of the Baetic System in the southern Iberian Peninsula.
Elm, Cambridgeshire
Elm is a village and civil parish in the Fenland District of Cambridgeshire, England. In Domesday, it is called Helle.

The village is about 11⁄2 miles or 21⁄2 km south of the market town of Wisbech, immediately to the south of the Wisbech by-pass. The county boundary with Norfolk is immediately to the north and north-east. The northern part of Elm village, at Elm Low Road, acts as a suburb of Wisbech. Most of the village straddles the B1101 road, which meanders its way between Wisbech and March.

The civil parish had a resident population of 3,295, as recorded during the 2001 United Kingdom census. The population including Coldham, Collett's Bridge, Friday Bridge and Ring's End was 3,962 at the 2011 Census.

Fenland District
Fenland is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. It was historically part of the Isle of Ely. The district covers around 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi) of mostly agricultural land in the extremely flat Fens. The council is based in Fenland Hall, in March. Other towns include Chatteris, Whittlesey and Wisbech, the largest of the four.

Since 2017 the district has been a constituent member of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority, led by the directly-elected Mayor of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough.

The neighbouring districts are East Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Peterborough, South Holland and King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Paleohispanic languages
The Paleo-Hispanic or Paleo-Iberian languages are the languages indigenous to the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, excluding languages of foreign colonies, such as Greek in Emporion and Phoenician in Qart Hadast. After the Roman conquest of Hispania the Paleohispanic languages, with the exception of Proto-Basque, were replaced by Latin, the ancestor of the modern Iberian Romance languages.

Vasconic languages
The Vasconic languages (from Latin vasco 'Basque'), also called Euskarian or Basque-Aquitanian, are a putative language family that includes Basque and the extinct Aquitanian language. While specialists agree that Basque and Aquitanian are genetically related, the status of the family itself remains uncertain. It is debated whether Aquitanian (or one of its dialects) is the direct ancestor of Basque (in which case it would not constitute a language family but a single language lineage), or whether the two instead represent sister languages descended from a common ancestor (making the language family valid). The extinct Iberian language is sometimes tentatively included to this family, although this remains controversial.
Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve
Laguna de Apoyo Nature Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Natural Laguna de Apoyo) is a nature reserve located between the departments of Masaya and Granada in Nicaragua. Lake Apoyo was declared a nature reserve in 1991 and is managed by the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA) and comprises one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua. Activities within the Laguna de Apoyo Nature Reserve are regulated by its management plan, approved in 2010, which prohibits the construction of housing within the reserve and use of motorized vehicles on the lake. Geological data suggests that Lake Apoyo originated about 23,000 years ago.

Protected areas of Nicaragua
The protected areas of Nicaragua are areas that have natural beauty or significance and are protected by Nicaragua. Nicaragua has 78 protected areas that cover 22,422 km2, about 17.3% of the nations landmass. The National System of Protected Areas (SINAP) is administered by the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA).
Arch Deal
Arch Deal (October 5, 1931 – March 13, 2020, aged 88) was an American newscaster with WFLA-TV in Tampa, Florida, having started in 1959. He was also the father of Tampa musician Karen Deal.

An avid skydiver, Deal had made more than 5,000 jumps by 2002. In June of 1975, his chute malfunctioned and he hit the ground at 120 mph. He suffered a broken neck, broken pelvis, and cracked ribs. In three months time, he returned to work at his WFLA-Ch. 8 job. He later worked at radio station WRBQ-FM 104.7 as a sky traffic reporter until 1992.

Karen Deal
Karen Deal (October 6, 1953 – November 19, 2010) was a musician from Tampa, Florida and a member of bands such as Johnny Charrow Review as the keyboard player. She was also a member of a local psychedelic rock band called The Mod Squad. She was married to Marty Balin, a founding member of Jefferson Airplane.
Northmavine
Northmavine or Northmaven (from Old Norse norðan mœv-eið, "north of the narrow isthmus") is a sparsely populated peninsula in Shetland, forming the northernmost part of Mainland. The peninsula has historically formed a civil parish of the same name. The modern Northmavine community council area has the same extent. The area of the parish is given as 204.1 km2.

Mainland, Shetland
The Mainland is the principal island of Shetland in Scotland. Covering an area of 899 km2 (347 sq mi), the island contains Shetland's only burgh, Lerwick, which is the main administrative centre, and major point of Shetland's ferry and air connections. The island has a diversified economy, with interests in agriculture, fishing, aquaculture, oil and gas, and tourism. It also forms part of a UNESCO Global Geopark, noted for its cliffs, moorlands, and diverse marine wildlife. Mainland is also the largest island in the North Sea.
Boneh–Franklin scheme
The Boneh–Franklin scheme is an identity-based encryption system proposed by Dan Boneh and Matthew K. Franklin in 2001. This article refers to the protocol version called BasicIdent. It is an application of pairings (Weil pairing) over elliptic curves and finite fields.

Weil pairing
In mathematics, the Weil pairing is a  pairing (bilinear form, though with multiplicative notation) on the points of order dividing n  of an elliptic curve E, taking values in nth roots of unity. More generally there is a similar Weil pairing between points of order n of an abelian variety and its dual. It was introduced by André Weil (1940) for Jacobians of curves, who gave an abstract algebraic definition; the corresponding results for elliptic functions were known, and can be expressed simply by use of the Weierstrass sigma function.
Jim Folsom Jr.
James Elisha Folsom Jr. (born May 14, 1949) is an American politician who was the 50th governor of Alabama from April 22, 1993, to January 16, 1995. He has also served as the 25th and 29th lieutenant governor of Alabama. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

As of 2026, he is the most recent Democrat to have served as Alabama's Lieutenant Governor.

Kay Ivey
Kay Ellen Ivey (/ˈaɪvi/ EYE-vee; born October 15, 1944) is an American politician serving since 2017 as the 54th governor of Alabama. A member of the Republican Party, Ivey served from 2003 to 2011 as the 38th Alabama state treasurer and from 2011 to 2017 as the 30th lieutenant governor of Alabama.

Ivey became Alabama's second female governor upon the resignation of her predecessor, Robert J. Bentley. She won a full term in 2018 and was reelected in 2022. She is the longest-serving female governor in the nation.