hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michigan Rattlers
The Michigan Rattlers are an American folk-rock band originating from Petoskey, Michigan. The group consists of childhood friends Graham Young (guitar), Adam Reed (bass), Christian Wilder (piano), and Tony Audia (drums). Their music blends elements of country, folk, and rock, drawing inspiration from artists such as AC/DC, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Bob Seger and Bruce Springsteen.

Petoskey, Michigan
Petoskey (/pəˈtɒski/ pə-TOSS-kee) is the largest city in and the county seat of Emmet County, Michigan, and is the largest settlement within the county. Petoskey has a population of 5,877 at the 2020 census, up from 5,670 at the 2010 census.

Petoskey is part of Northern Michigan, and is one of the northernmost cities in Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Petoskey is located on the southern shore of Little Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. Petoskey sits directly across the bay from Harbor Springs, another Emmet County city. Petoskey is a popular Midwestern resort town.

Petoskey lends its name to the Petoskey stone, a fossilized coral that is the state stone of Michigan.
Meknes
Meknes (Arabic: مكناس, romanized: maknās, pronounced [maknaːs]) is one of the four Imperial cities of Morocco, located in northern central Morocco and the sixth largest city by population in the kingdom. Founded in the 11th century by the Almoravids as a military settlement, Meknes became the capital of Morocco during the reign of Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727), son of the founder of the Alaouite dynasty. Sultan Ismail created a massive imperial palace complex and endowed the city with extensive fortifications and monumental gates. The city recorded a population of 551,503 in the 2024 Moroccan census. It is the seat of Meknès Prefecture and an important economic hub in the region of Fès-Meknès.

Mohammed al-Hadi ben Issa
Muḥammad al-Hādī ibn ʿĪsā al-Ṣufyānī al-Mukhtārī (Arabic: محمد الهادي بن عيسى; 1467–1526) also known by his title al-Shaykh al-Kāmil (Arabic: الشيخ الكامل) was a Moroccan scholar of Sufism and also an ascetic. He was the founder of the Isawiyya Sufi order.
Digitally enhanced dasherboard
A digitally enhanced dasherboard (DED) is a virtual advertising product offered by the National Hockey League (NHL) for television broadcasts of ice hockey games. DEDs erase and replace the local ads painted on dasher boards that surround hockey rinks with a sequence of static and animated advertisements on each television broadcaster.

Virtual advertising
Virtual advertising is the use of digital technology to insert virtual advertising content into a live or pre-recorded television show, often in sports events.

This technique is often used to allow broadcasters to overlay existing physical advertising panels (on the playfield) with virtual content on the screen when broadcasting the same event in multiple regions; a Spanish football game will be broadcast in Mexico with Mexican advertising images. Similarly, virtual content can be inserted onto empty space within the sports venue such as the field of play, where physical advertising cannot be placed due to regulatory or safety reasons. Virtual advertising content is intended to be photo-realistic, so that the viewer has the impression they are seeing the real in-stadium advertising.
Treaty of Malmö (1512)
The Treaty of Malmö (Swedish: Freden i Malmö), actually consisted of two and a quarter peace treaties that were all signed on 23 April 1512, bringing an end to the second Dano-Swedish War.

The first treaty included the King of Denmark, John (Danish: Hans) and Sweden. The other treaty dictated peace terms between the same king and the Free City of Lübeck. The rest was a formal demand to King Louis XII of France to settle his disputes with Pope Julius II.

The original peace treaties are preserved in entirety at the Danish National Archives in Copenhagen and at the Public Library of Lübeck. The French envoy Pierre Cordier's original report documenting his visit can be found in Malmö and at the public library in Besançon.

Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512)
The Dano-Swedish War from 1501 to 1512 was a military conflict between Denmark and Sweden within the Kalmar Union.

The war began with a Swedish and a Norwegian revolt against King Hans and the siege of Queen Christina in her castle in Danish-held Stockholm.
Awata ware
Awata ware (粟田焼, Awata-yaki) is a type of Japanese pottery that is a form of Kyō ware from Kyoto.

It is related to other Kyō wares such as Mizoro ware and Kiyomizu ware, but denotes the kiln it originates from. The origin lies in the Awataguchi area of Kyoto. Awata kilns also produced Satsuma ware at one point.

Satsuma ware
Satsuma ware (薩摩焼, Satsuma-yaki) is a type of Japanese pottery originally from Satsuma Province, southern Kyūshū. Today, it can be divided into two distinct categories: the original plain dark clay early Satsuma (古薩摩, Ko-Satsuma) made in Satsuma from around 1600, and the elaborately decorated export Satsuma (京薩摩, Kyō-Satsuma) ivory-bodied pieces which began to be produced in the nineteenth century in various Japanese cities. By adapting their gilded polychromatic enamel overglaze designs to appeal to the tastes of western consumers, manufacturers of the latter made Satsuma ware one of the most recognized and profitable export products of Japan for centuries, and even became one of the key sources of funding for the Meiji period reforms.
Andain
Andain was a San Francisco-based electronic music duo, originally formed in 2000. They broke through in 2002 after being discovered by DJ Tiësto, reaching clubbers worldwide with their singles "Summer Calling" in 2002 and "Beautiful Things" in 2003. The band members initially included producer Josh Gabriel, singer and songwriter Mavie Marcos, and guitarist David Penner, before the group disbanded in 2006. Andain returned again in 2011 as Josh and Mavie, making their comeback with the single "Promises". The successive year saw the release of the band's first and only full-length album, on September 12, 2012, following a year of touring and performing. Andain was eventually concluded in 2014.

Beautiful Things (Andain song)
"Beautiful Things" is the second release by Andain. It first appeared on Tiësto's compilation album Nyana, released May 6, 2003, and was later published as a single via Black Hole, on October 27, 2003.
Enterprise (apple)
Enterprise is a modern bred, late-ripening red cultivar of domesticated apple. It has a resistance to scab, cedar apple rust and fire blight.

Enterprise is the ninth apple cultivar to be developed by the PRI disease resistant apple breeding program and "PRI" is remarked in its name Enter"PRI"se. It has combined genetics of many selected breeds, including ancestry of McIntosh apple, Golden Delicious, Starking Delicious, Rome Beauty and the vf gene of Malus floribunda for scab resistance.

Fruit shape is usually somewhat elongated in shape, and lopsided in young trees. They are big in size, red flush over yellow, fading to orange.

The WA 38 cv. Cosmic Crisp brand apple, developed at Washington State University, is the offspring of the Enterprise apple and the Honeycrisp apple.

PRI disease resistant apple breeding program
The PRI disease resistant apple breeding program is a joint project of the Purdue University, Rutgers University, and the University of Illinois, to breed apple cultivars to be resistant to apple scab. The initialism stands for the three involved universities: Purdue, Rutgers and Illinois.
Duke Town
Duke Town, originally known as Atakpa, is an Efik city-state that flourished in the 19th century in what is now southern Nigeria. The City State extended from now Calabar to Bakassi in the east and Oron to the west. Although it is now absorbed into Nigeria, traditional rulers of the state are still recognized. The state occupied what is now the modern city of Calabar.

Eyamba V
Eyamba V (Edem Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo, popularly known to Europeans by the trade name Johnny Young and referred to by the Efik people as Iyamba V) was the Obong of Old Calabar and the fifth Iyamba of Ekpe Efik Iboku. His father was Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho also known as Eyamba III. His mother was Edim Ekpenyong Ekpe Oku, a daughter of Ekpenyong Ekpe Oku also known as Eyamba II.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County, Illinois
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County, Illinois.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Fulton County, Illinois, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 42 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  Another two properties were formerly listed but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 12, 2025.

Fulton County, Illinois
Fulton County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 33,609. Its county seat is Lewistown, and the largest city is Canton. Fulton County comprises the Canton, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Peoria-Canton, IL Combined Statistical Area.
NPO Almaz
JSC NPO Almaz named after A.A. Raspletin (Russian: ГСКБ Концерна ПВО "Алмаз-Антей", former SB-1, 1947–1950; KB-1, 1950–1966; MKB Strela, 1966–1971; TsKB Almaz, 1971–1988; NPO Almaz, 1988–2008; GSKB Almaz-Antey, 2008–2015) is a Soviet/Russian military R&D enterprise founded in 1947. It is the core of the Almaz-Antey holding. Headquarters – Moscow, Leningradsky av., 80.

S-300 missile system
The S-300 (NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the former Soviet Union. It was produced by NPO Almaz for the Soviet Air Defence Forces to defend against air raids and cruise missiles.

It is used by Russia, Ukraine, and other former Eastern Bloc countries, along with Bulgaria and Greece. It is also used by China, Iran, and other countries in Asia.

The system is fully automated, though manual observation and operation are also possible. Each targeting radar provides target designation for the central command post. The command post compares the data received from the targeting radars and filters out false targets. The central command post has both active and passive target detection modes. Missiles have a maximum range of 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the command post.

The successor to the S-300 is the S-400 (NATO reporting name SA-21 Growler), which entered service on 28 April 2007.
Big Bird in Japan
Big Bird in Japan is a  television special by the Children's Television Workshop (now Sesame Workshop), that aired on NHK General TV on November 3, 1988, and on PBS on January 16, 1989. It is the sequel to Big Bird in China which was also based on the popular television series Sesame Street. It depicts Big Bird and Barkley visiting some Japanese guests, counting to 3 in Japanese and teaching Japanese words. This television special was filmed in Kyoto and Tokyo in 1988. Backed by significant funding from Japanese corporations, the program was produced with the help of NHK.

The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter (Japanese: 竹取物語, Hepburn: Taketori Monogatari) is a monogatari (fictional prose narrative) containing elements of Japanese folklore. Written by an unknown author in the late 9th or early 10th century during the Heian period, it is considered the oldest surviving work in the monogatari form.

The story details the life of Kaguya-hime, a princess from the Moon who is discovered as a baby inside the stalk of a glowing bamboo plant. After she grows, her beauty attracts five suitors seeking her hand in marriage, whom she turns away by challenging them each with an impossible task; she later attracts the affection of the Emperor of Japan. At the tale's end, Kaguya-hime reveals her celestial origins and returns to the Moon. The story is also known as The Tale of Princess Kaguya (かぐや姫の物語, Kaguya-hime no Monogatari), after its protagonist.
AVM Canal
The Anantha-Victoria-Marthandam Canal a.k.a. A.V.M. Canal was conceived as a 'water link' between Thiruvananthapuram and Kanyakumari in July 1860 during the reign of Uthradam Thirunal Marthanda Varma Maharaja of Travancore state. Today it is the National Waterway 13 of India.

Thiruvananthapuram–Shoranur canal
The Thiruvananthapuram - Shoranur canal is a historic canal in India, from Trivandrum to  Shoranur (Palakkad district). It was one of the most arterial transportation mode in erstwhile Travancore princely state. Most of the trade, commerce and freight traffic in Travancore used to happen through this canal. The canal used to pass through rice bowl of the state, Kuttanad, centre of Coir trade i.e. Alappuzha, centre of Cashew business, Kollam, Changanassery market, strategic Thevally, Kayamkulam, Varkala etc. and used to connect Thiruvithamkoor with Cochin State and Malabar.
Peru women's national cricket team
The Peru women's national cricket team represents the Republic of Peru in women's cricket matches.

In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Peru women and another international side after 1 July 2018 have the full WT20I status.

Peru was part of the South American Women's Championships in August 2018 with Brazil, Chile and Mexico, but Peru's matches were not classified as WT20Is as not all of their players met the ICC residency requirements. Peru won one match and lost five to finish at the bottom of the table. Peru also played in the 2019 edition of the championship, this time with full WT20I status awarded to their matches.

Brazil women's national cricket team
The Brazil women's national cricket team represents Brazil in international women's cricket matches. The team made its international debut in 2007, with Brazil having been a member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 2002. Brazil is one of the leading teams in the ICC Americas region, along with the United States and Canada, but is yet to qualify for any global tournaments.
Aflibercept
Aflibercept, sold under the brand names Eylea and Zaltrap among others, is a medication used to treat wet macular degeneration and metastatic colorectal cancer. It was developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

It is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Aflibercept is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domains of human VEGF receptor 1 and 2 fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. By acting as a soluble decoy for the natural VEGF receptors, aflibercept inhibits their activation, thereby reducing angiogenesis.

Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the leading causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people living with diabetes.

Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80 percent of those who have had both type 1 and type 2 diabetes for 20 years or more. In at least 90% of new cases, progression to more aggressive forms of sight-threatening retinopathy and maculopathy could be reduced with proper treatment and monitoring of the eyes. The longer a person has diabetes, the higher their chances of developing diabetic retinopathy. Each year in the United States, diabetic retinopathy accounts for 12% of all new cases of blindness. It is also the leading cause of blindness in people aged 20 to 64.
Bettel, Luxembourg
Bettel (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛtl̩] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Bëttel) is a village in the commune of Tandel, in north-eastern Luxembourg.  As of 2025, the village had a population of 389.

Until 1 January 2006, Bettel was part of the commune of Fouhren, which was merged with the commune of Bastendorf to form the modern commune of Tandel.

Bettel is situated on the river Our, just opposite the German border and the village of Roth an der Our.

Fouhren
Fouhren (Luxembourgish: Furen [ˈfuːɐ̯ʀən] ⓘ; German: Fuhren [ˈfuːʁən] ⓘ) is a small town in the commune of Tandel, in north-eastern Luxembourg.  As of 2025, the town has a population of 486.

Fouhren was a commune in the canton of Vianden until 1 January 2006, when it was merged with the commune of Bastendorf to form the new commune of Tandel.  The law creating Tandel was passed on 21 December 2004.
Studies in American Indian Literatures
Studies in American Indian Literatures is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering Native American literature. It is published by the University of Nebraska Press on behalf of the Association for the Study of American Indian Literatures.

Native American literature
Native American literature encompasses both oral and written works produced by Native Americans in the United States (distinct from Indigenous First Nations writers in Canada), from pre-Columbian times through to today. Famous authors include N. Scott Momaday, Leslie Marmon Silko, Simon Ortiz, Louise Erdrich, Gerald Vizenor, Joy Harjo, Sherman Alexie, D'Arcy McNickle, James Welch, Charles Eastman, Mourning Dove, Zitkala-Sa, John Rollin Ridge, Lynn Riggs, Hanay Geiogamah, William Apess, Samson Occom, and Stephen Graham Jones. Importantly, it is not "a" literature, but a set of literatures, since every tribe has its own unique cultural traditions. Since the 1960s, it has also become a significant field of literary studies, with academic journals, departments, and conferences devoted to the subject.
Gare Loch
The Gare Loch or Gareloch (Scottish Gaelic: An Gearr Loch) is an open sea loch in Argyll and Bute in the west of Scotland, and it bears a similar name to the village of Gairloch in the north west Highlands.

The loch is well used for recreational boating, water sports and fishing. Harbour and grey seals are often seen in the Gare Loch along with pods of porpoise. Bottle Nose whales were photographed in September 2020. The loch also has been used since the early 20th century for naval training and as a base for the United Kingdom's submarine based nuclear weapons system.

Argyll and Bute
Argyll and Bute (Scots: Argyll an Buit; Scottish Gaelic: Earra-Ghàidheal agus Bòd, pronounced [ɛrˠəˈɣɛːəl̪ˠ akəs̪ ˈpɔːtʲ]) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland and a lieutenancy area. The current lord-lieutenant for Argyll and Bute is Jane Margaret MacLeod (14 July 2020). The administrative centre for the council area is in Lochgilphead at Kilmory Castle, a 19th-century Gothic Revival building and estate. The current council leader is Councillor Jim Lynch.

Argyll and Bute covers the second-largest administrative area of any Scottish council. The council area adjoins those of Highland, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire.
VP-20
VP-20 was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 8-S (VP-8S) from elements of VT-9S on 1 July 1929, redesignated Patrol Squadron 8-F (VP-8F) on 3 April 1933, redesignated Patrol Squadron 8 (VP-8) on 1 October 1937, redesignated Patrol Squadron 24 (VP-24) on 1 July 1939, redesignated Patrol Squadron 12 (VP-12) on 1 August 1941, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 120 (VPB-120) on 1 October 1944, redesignated Patrol Squadron 120 (VP-120) on 15 May 1946, redesignated Heavy Patrol Squadron (Landplane) 10 (VP-HL-10) on 15 November 1946, redesignated Patrol Squadron 20 (VP-20) on 1 September 1948 and disestablished on 31 March 1949. It was the third squadron to be designated VP-20, the first VP-20 was redesignated VP-44 on 1 July 1940 and the second VP-20 was redesignated VPB-20 on 1 October 1944.

Consolidated PBY Catalina
The Consolidated Model 28, more commonly known as the PBY Catalina (U.S. Navy designation), is an American flying boat and amphibious aircraft designed by Consolidated Aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s. In U.S. Army service, it was designated as the OA-10 and in Canadian service as the Canso, and it later received the NATO reporting name Mop. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations.  The last military PBYs served until the 1980s.
Cuauhtémoc Blanco
Cuauhtémoc Blanco Bravo (Spanish pronunciation: [kwawˈtemok ˈblaŋko]; born 17 January 1973) is a Mexican politician and former professional footballer serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies.

He served as the Governor of Morelos from 2018 to 2024 under the coalition Juntos Haremos Historia, and as the mayor of Cuernavaca, Morelos.

As a footballer, Blanco was known for his attacking ability and played most of his career as a deep-lying forward and his last years as an attacking midfielder. Blanco is considered to be one of the greatest Mexican and North American footballers of all time.

1999 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup was the fourth FIFA Confederations Cup, and the second organised by FIFA. The tournament was hosted by Mexico between 24 July and 4 August 1999.

The tournament was won by Mexico, who beat Brazil 4–3 in the final. Mexico became the first host nation to win the FIFA Confederations Cup. The competition was to originally be held in three stadiums, in three cities in the country. However, since the stadiums in Monterrey were sponsored by a competing beer company other than the official advertiser, the city was left out of the tournament altogether. The tournament was originally scheduled for 8–20 January 1999, but was rescheduled by FIFA on 17 November 1998 to accommodate the scheduling of the participating European teams.

The tournament was organized in two groups of four teams, in which two teams from both groups advanced to the semi-finals.
Joel Greenberg (historian)
Joel Greenberg (born 1946) is an educational technology consultant and historian on the role of Bletchley Park in World War II.

Greenberg gained a PhD degree in numerical mathematics from the University of Manchester (UMIST) in 1973. For over 33 years, he worked for the Open University and held a number of director-level management positions. He lectures and writes about Bletchley Park and its role in World War II. He also conducts tours of the site. He is author of biographies about Gordon Welchman, a key figure at Bletchley Park during WWII, and Alastair Denniston, the first operational head of GCHQ. In 2017, he contributed a chapter to The Turing Guide on the German WWII Enigma machine.

Gordon Welchman
William Gordon Welchman (15 June 1906 – 8 October 1985) was an English mathematician. During World War II, he worked at Britain's secret  decryption centre at Bletchley Park, where he was one of the most important contributors. In 1948, after the war, he moved to the US and later worked on the design of military communications systems.
Electron optics
Electron optics is a mathematical framework for the calculation of electron trajectories in the presence of electromagnetic fields. The term optics is used because magnetic and electrostatic lenses act upon a charged particle beam similarly to optical lenses upon a light beam.

Electron optics calculations are crucial for the design of electron microscopes and particle accelerators. In the paraxial approximation, trajectory calculations can be carried out using ray transfer matrix analysis.

Magnetic lens
A magnetic lens is a device for the focusing or deflection of moving charged particles, such as electrons or ions, by use of the magnetic Lorentz force. Its strength can often be varied by usage of electromagnets.

Magnetic lenses are used in diverse applications, from cathode ray tubes over electron microscopy to particle accelerators.