hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Encoding (memory)
Memory has the ability to encode, store and recall information.  Memories give an organism the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as build relationships. Encoding allows a perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within the brain and recalled later from long-term memory. Working memory stores information for immediate use or manipulation, which is aided through hooking onto previously archived items already present in the long-term memory of an individual.

Storage (memory)
In mental memory, storage is one of three fundamental stages along with encoding and retrieval. Memory is the process of storing and recalling information that was previously acquired. Storing refers to the process of placing newly acquired information into memory, which is modified in the brain for easier storage. Encoding this information makes the process of retrieval easier for the brain where it can be recalled and brought into conscious thinking. Modern memory psychology differentiates between the two distinct types of memory storage: short-term memory and long-term memory. Several models of memory have been proposed over the past century, some of them suggesting different relationships between short- and long-term memory to account for different ways of storing memory.
The Tattooist of Auschwitz (TV series)
The Tattooist of Auschwitz is a 2024 historical drama miniseries based on the novel of the same name by Heather Morris. The cast includes Harvey Keitel, Melanie Lynskey, Jonah Hauer-King, and Anna Próchniak.

The Tattooist of Auschwitz
The Tattooist of Auschwitz is a 2018 Holocaust novel by New Zealand novelist Heather Morris. The book tells the story of how Slovakian Jew Lale Sokolov, who was imprisoned at Auschwitz in 1942, fell in love with a girl he was tattooing at the concentration camp. The story is based on the real lives of Sokolov and his wife, Gita Furman. There has been mixed criticism of the book, with some complimenting the novel's compelling story based on real-life events, while claims of factual inaccuracies that may lead to miseducation around historical events have been made by the Auschwitz Memorial Research Center.

As of October 2019, the novel had sold more than three million copies around the world; 61,391 copies of The Tattooist of Auschwitz were sold in 2018 in Ireland. In 2018, it was the #1 New York Times Bestseller and #1 International Bestseller.
Sværholt Peninsula
The Sværholt Peninsula (Norwegian: Sværholthalvøya or Northern Sami: Spierttanjárga) is a peninsula in Finnmark county, Norway.  The peninsula lies between the Porsangerfjorden and Laksefjorden in the municipalities of Nordkapp, Lebesby, and Porsanger. The 70-kilometre (43 mi) peninsula has some settlements, mostly on the inner part of the peninsula. The villages of Veidnes and Brenna are two of the larger settlements on the Sværholt Peninsula. The lake Kjæsvannet lies in the central part of the peninsula. The Sværholtklubben Nature Reserve lies at the northern tip of the peninsula.

Lebesby Municipality
Lebesby (Northern Sami: Davvesiida and Kven: Lebespyy) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Kjøllefjord. Other villages in the municipality include Ifjord, Kunes, Lebesby, and Veidnes.

The 3,460.5-square-kilometre (1,336.1 sq mi) municipality is the 8th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lebesby is the 320th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,215. The municipality's population density is 0.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 9.4% over the previous 10-year period.

The municipality consists of the western half of the Nordkinn Peninsula, along with areas around the Laksefjorden. Most people live in the village of Kjøllefjord. This municipality is dominated by ethnic Norwegians, whereas the areas around the Laksefjorden are predominantly Sami. Fishing is the mainstay of the population.
Bermudian Valley
Bermudian Valley is a ghost town in Saint Mary, Antigua and Barbuda. Bermudian Valley was granted town status in 1675, the designation establishing the settlement as one of six official places of trade. Bermudian Valley was the headtown of the eponymous Bermudian Valley Division, which continued to be a functioning administrative division after the town's depopulation. Bermudian Valley was abadoned in 1842, around the same time as Bridgetown. The present-day village of Ffryes is located where the town once stood, and the valley itself is now known as the Orange Valley.

Orange Valley (Antigua)
Orange Valley is a valley of the Shekerley Mountains and a historical site of Antigua and Barbuda. The valley is home to Orange Valley Mill, a sugar plantation that was home to 100 enslaved people at the time of emancipation in 1834. The valley is adjacent to the Darkwood Beach swamp, and many churches use this area for camping and ceremonies. The Orange Valley Heliport is located in the area. The former trade town of Bermudian Valley was once located here.
Ministry of Élie Decazes
The Ministry of Élie Decazes was formed on 19 November 1819 after the dismissal of the Ministry of Jean-Joseph Dessolles by King Louis XVIII. It was dissolved on 17 February 1820 and replaced on 20 February 1820 by the Second ministry of Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis de Richelieu.

Second ministry of Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis de Richelieu
The second ministry of Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis de Richelieu was formed on 20 February 1820 after the dismissal of the Ministry of Élie Decazes by King Louis XVIII. It was dissolved on 12 December  1821 and replaced on 14 December 1821 by the Ministry of Joseph de Villèle.
Federated Malay States Railways
The Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR) was a consolidated railway operator in British Malaya (present day Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) during the first half of the 20th century. Named after the then recently formed Federated Malay States in 1896 and founded five years after the formation of the federation, the company acquired various railways that were developed separately in various parts of Malaya, and oversaw the largest expansion and integration of the colonial rail network encompassing the Federated Malay States, the Unfederated Malay States (except Trengganu) and the Straits Settlements, with lines spanning from Singapore in the south to Padang Besar (near the border with Siam) in the north.

Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) (lit. 'Malayan Railway Limited'; Jawi: كريتاڤي تانه ملايو برحد‎) or colloquially referred to simply as KTM, is the main railway operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway system dates back to the British colonial era, when it was first built to transport tin. Previously known as the Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR), the Malayan Railway Administration (MRA), and the Malayan Railway, KTM acquired its current name in 1962. The organisation was corporatised in 1992, but remains wholly owned by the Malaysian government.
Grande Région
The Grande Région (French) or Großregion (German) programme lies within the Interreg IV A programme of the European Union's European Regional Development Fund. It facilitates cooperation between project partners from the different parts of the Greater Region of SaarLorLux: Luxembourg (the country), the Belgian provinces of Luxembourg and Liège, the French Lorraine region as well as the Saarland and large parts of Rhineland-Palatinate. The programme covers the period 2007-2013. Projects approved within the programme receive financial aid of up to 50% of their budget.

European Regional Development Fund
The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is one of the European Structural and Investment Funds allocated by the European Union. Its purpose is to transfer money from richer regions (not countries), and invest it in the infrastructure and services of underdeveloped regions. This will allow those regions to start attracting private sector investments, and create jobs on their own.
Hilldyke, Lincolnshire
Hilldyke is a hamlet, lying partly in East Lindsey, and partly in the Borough of Boston, in Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 2 miles (3 km) north from the town of Boston, and on the A16 road.

Hilldyke is within an area of arable farmland, and contains a few small businesses. Population figures have reduced over the past 30 years, and now numbers about 12.

Hilldyke's public house, the Pied Bull, closed in the 1960s, although the site of the pub is still named as a local landmark for directions.

A16 road (England)
The A16 road is a principal road of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands region of England, connecting the port of Grimsby and Peterborough, where it meets the A1175, A47 & A1139 then on to the A1 and the A605; the latter, in turn, giving a through route to Northampton and the west, and south west of England. Its length is 78 miles (126 km). The road was "de-trunked", with responsibility largely returned to Lincolnshire County Council from the Highways Agency in 2002.
Florida's 2nd congressional district
Florida's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Florida. The district consists of the eastern part of the Florida Panhandle along with much of the Big Bend region along the Emerald Coast. It straddles both the Eastern and Central time zones. It includes Tallahassee, the state capital, and Panama City. With 49% of its residents living in rural areas, it is the least urbanized district in the state, and the voters are generally conservative. The district is represented by Republican Neal Dunn of Panama City.

Jackson County, Florida
Jackson County is a county located in the "Panhandle" of the U.S. state of Florida, on its northwestern border with Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,319. Its county seat is Marianna.
Gray's Inn Road
Gray's Inn Road (or Grays Inn Road) is an important road in Central London, located in the London Borough of Camden. The road begins at its junction with Holborn at the City of London boundary, passes north through the Holborn and King's Cross districts and terminates at King's Cross railway station. It is designated as part of the A5200 road.

As the home of the Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, one of England's four Inns of Court, Gray's Inn Road is known as a hub for law and legal professions in London. Gray's Inn Road is home to multiple scholarly institutes, including University College London's Eastman Dental Institute, a world-leading oral health institution, Westminster Kingsway College, and the City University of London's Inns of Court School of Law.

Portpool
Portpool was a manor or soke in the district of Holborn, London.  It is not recorded in the Domesday Book but references to it occur from the 12th century onwards.  For many years it was owned by the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's Cathedral, who let it out to the Grey family.  The manor house of Portpool subsequently became known as Gray's Inn, acquiring a reputation for the teaching of law.
Rhodotorulic acid
Rhodotorulic acid is the smallest of the 2,5-diketopiperazine family of hydroxamate siderophores which are high-affinity chelating agents for ferric iron, produced by bacterial and fungal phytopathogens for scavenging iron from the environment.  It is a tetradentate ligand, meaning it binds one iron atom in four locations (two hydroxamate and two lactam moieties), and forms Fe2(siderophore)3 complexes to fulfill an octahedral coordination for iron.

Rhodotorulic acid occurs in basidiomycetous yeasts and was found to retard the spore germination of the fungus Botrytis cinerea. In combination with yeast Rhodotorula glutinis it was found to be effective in the biocontrol of iprodione-resistant B. cinerea of apple wounds caused by the disease.

Hydroxamic acid
In organic chemistry, hydroxamic acids are a class of organic compounds having a general formula R−C(=O)−N(−OH)−R' bearing the functional group −C(=O)−N(−OH)−, where R and R' are typically organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl) or hydrogen. They are amides (R−C(=O)−NH−R') wherein the nitrogen atom has a hydroxyl (−OH) substituent. They are often used as metal chelators.

Common example of hydroxamic acid is aceto-N-methylhydroxamic acid (H3C−C(=O)−N(−OH)−CH3). Some uncommon examples of hydroxamic acids are formo-N-chlorohydroxamic acid (H−C(=O)−N(−OH)−Cl) and chloroformo-N-methylhydroxamic acid (Cl−C(=O)−N(−OH)−CH3).
Matvey Kazakov
Matvey Fyodorovich Kazakov (Russian: Матве́й Фёдорович Казако́в; 1738 – 7 November 1812) was a Russian Neoclassical architect. Kazakov was one of the most influential Muscovite architects during the reign of Catherine II, completing numerous private residences, two royal palaces, two hospitals, Moscow University, and the Kremlin Senate. Most of his works were destroyed by the Fire of 1812; they were later rebuilt with various degrees of alteration.

Domenico Gilardi
Domenico Gilardi (Russian: Доменико Жилярди; 1785–1845) was a Swiss Italian architect who worked primarily in Moscow, Russia in Neoclassicist style. He was one of the key architects charged with rebuilding the city after the Fire of 1812. Gilardi's legacy survives in public buildings like Moscow Orphanage, Widows’ House, Catherine's Institute and the Old Hall of Moscow University.
St. Severus (Gemünden)
The Stift of St. Severus was an ecclesiastical, collegiate foundation or stift in the village of Gemünden in the present-day county of Westerwaldkreis in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It was consecrated to Saint Severus. The institution, which was founded by the Conradines, had an important role in introducing   Christianity to the Westerwald and is closely bound with the history of the Westerburg.

Barony of Westerburg
The Barony of Westerburg (German: Herrschaft Westerburg), a small principality around the present day town of Westerburg in the Westerwald mountains of Germany, is first recorded in 1209. The eponymous  castle, which had probably been built earlier than when it was mentioned for the first time in 1192, was the family seat of the lords of Westerburg, a branch of the lords of Runkel.
Bats language
Bats (Batsbur Mott, or Batsba Moṭṭ, ბაცბა მოტტ, [batsʰba motʼː]), also known as Batsbi, Batsi, Batsb, Batsaw, or Tsova-Tush) is the endangered language of the Bats people, a North Caucasian minority group living in the Republic of Georgia. Batsbi is part of the Nakh branch of Northeast Caucasian languages. It had 2,500 to 3,000 speakers in 1975, with only one dialect. Batsbi is only used for spoken communication, as Bats people tend to use Georgian when writing.

Ingush language
Ingush (/ˈɪŋɡʊʃ/; гӏалгӏай мотт, ġalġay mott, IPA: [ˈɣəɫɣəɪ mʷɔtː]) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 350,000 people, known as the Ingush, across a region covering the Russian republics of Ingushetia, Chechnya, North Ossetia, as well as the countries of Turkey, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and others.
Fulton County, New York
Fulton County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. It forms part of the state's Mohawk Valley region. Its county seat is Johnstown. At the 2020 U.S. census, the county had a population of 53,324. The county is named in honor of Robert Fulton, who is widely credited with developing the first commercially successful steamboat. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.

Hamilton County, New York
Hamilton County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,107, making it the least populous county in New York and its only county with fewer than 10,000 residents. With a land area nearly the size of Delaware, it is the least densely populated county east of the Mississippi River. Its county seat is Lake Pleasant.  The county was created in 1816 and organized in 1847. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Hamilton County is one of only two counties that lie entirely within the Adirondack Park (Essex being the other). There are no permanent traffic lights in the county, and much of the county has no cell phone service.
Santarém cheese
Santarém is a goat cheese from Portugal produced in several different regions, most notably in the Santarém district and in Serra de Santo António in the Ribatejo province of Portugal.

It is considered to taste best ripe after aging, in servings of between 50 grams to 100 grams. Best production practices call for its being preserved in good quality edible oil.

Goat cheese
Goat cheese, goat's cheese or chèvre (/ˈʃɛv(rə)/ SHEV(-rə); from the French fromage de chèvre [fʁɔmaʒ də ʃɛvʁ] with the same meaning) is cheese made from goat's milk. Goats were among the first animals to be domesticated for producing food. Goat cheese is made around the world with a variety of recipes, giving many different styles of cheeses, from fresh and soft to aged and hard.
Ayahi Takagaki
Ayahi Takagaki (高垣 彩陽, Takagaki Ayahi; born October 25, 1985) is a Japanese actress and singer. She had her first major voice acting roles in 2007, voicing Jasmine in Deltora Quest and Lucia Nahashi in Venus Versus Virus.

Her career as a musician began with her performance of the opening themes of the anime series First Love Limited in April 2009. In the same month, she and three other voice actresses debuted as the musical group Sphere with their single "Future Stream". She announced her marriage on her blog on August 22, 2019.

Juden Chan
Juden Chan (Japanese: ファイト一発!充電ちゃん!!, Hepburn: Faito ippatsu! Jūden-chan!!; lit. "Fight, One Shot! Charger Girls!") is a Japanese manga series by Bow Ditama, which is also adapted into an anime television series of the same name that aired on the AT-X network in Japan from June 25 to September 10, 2009. It features anthropomorphized characters representing aspects of charging electrical equipment. The series contains some explicit fan service, including omorashi (panty wetting). An edited version of the series was released on Crunchyroll under the title of Charger Girl Ju-den Chan.
Giovanni Pernice
Giovanni Pernice (born 5 September 1990) is an Italian professional dancer based in the United Kingdom, best known for his appearances on the British television show Strictly Come Dancing. He is also an Italian Open Latin Dance Champion (2012), and the Guinness World Record holder for Jive kicks and flicks, as well as Charleston swivels.

On 10 June 2024, following "numerous serious complaints" about his behaviour while coaching his dance partners in Strictly, his departure from the show was confirmed by the BBC.

Bianca Guaccero
Bianca Guaccero (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbjaŋka ˈɡwattʃero]; born 15 January 1981) is an Italian actress, singer and television presenter.

In February 2010, she resumed her notable role of Carolina Scapece in the Rai 1 series Capri 3. She had played the same part of the conniving Caroline in the first and second Capri series. In 2009, she was one of the cast of Il Bene e il Male ("The Good and the Bad") in which she portrayed a policewoman. In 2006, she had starred in the title role of Assunta Spina, a television mini-series remake of the 1948 film.
Agamidae
Agamidae is a family containing 582 species in 64 genera of iguanian lizards indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few locations in Southern Europe. Many species are commonly called dragons or dragon lizards.

Hydrosaurus
Hydrosaurus, commonly known as the sailfin dragons or sailfin lizards, is a genus in the family Agamidae. These relatively large lizards are named after the sail-like structure on their tails. They are native to Indonesia (four species) and the Philippines (one species), where they are generally found near water, such as rivers and mangrove swamps. Sailfin lizards are semiaquatic and able to run short distances across water using both their feet and tail for support, similar to the basilisks. They are threatened by both habitat loss and overcollection for the wild-animal trade.

In the 19th century, the genus was called Lophura, but in 1903, Poche pointed out that the name was preoccupied by a genus of pheasants. Since Günther in 1873, the Sulawesi populations were considered to belong to H. amboinensis; Denzer et al. in 2020 resurrected H. celebensis and H. microlophus, increasing the number of species from three to five.

They are the only members of the subfamily Hydrosaurinae.
Le Grand David
On February 20, 2012, Le Grand David and His Spectacular Magic Company celebrated its 35th anniversary.  The company was then the longest consecutively running stage magic show in the world, according to Guinness World Records. Marco the Magi (Cesareo Pelaez) started the show in the 1970s. The family-oriented stage magic show ran most Sundays at the Cabot Street Cinema Theatre and some Thursdays at the Larcom Theatre in Beverly, Massachusetts through the Spring of 2012.

Beverly, Massachusetts
Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, and a suburb of Boston. The population was 42,670 at the time of the 2020 United States census. A resort, residential, and manufacturing community on the Massachusetts North Shore, Beverly includes Ryal Side, North Beverly, Centerville, Cove, Montserrat, Beverly Farms and Prides Crossing. Beverly is a rival of Marblehead for the title of "birthplace of the U.S. Navy".
Civil defense siren
A civil defense siren is a form of siren used to warn civilians of approaching danger - a form of Emergency population warning. Initially designed to warn city dwellers of air raids (air-raid sirens) during World War II, they were later used to warn of nuclear attack and natural disasters, such as tornadoes (tornado sirens). The generalized nature of sirens led to many of them being replaced with more specific warnings, such as the broadcast-based Emergency Alert System and the Cell Broadcast-based Wireless Emergency Alerts and EU-Alert mobile technologies.

By use of varying tones or binary patterns of sound, different alert conditions can be called. Electronic sirens can transmit voice announcements in addition to alert tone signals. Siren systems may be electronically controlled and integrated into other warning systems.

Loudspeakers in mosques
Loudspeakers were invented in the early 20th century, and they were introduced in mosques in the 1930s, where they are used by a muezzin for the adhan ("call to prayer"), and sometimes for khutbah in Islam. Outdoor loudspeakers, usually mounted on tall minarets, are used five times a day for the call to prayer. Loudspeakers are sometimes also used inside mosques to deliver sermons or for prayer. Electrically amplified adhans have become commonplace in countries such as Turkey and Morocco, whereas in others such as the Netherlands only 7 to 8% of all mosques employ loudspeakers for the call to prayer.

The loudspeakers are also used as an early warning system and function as civil defense sirens in countries such as Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.