hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Acroreia
Acroreia or Akroreia (Ancient Greek: Ἀκρώρεια) was a mountainous district of ancient Elis on the borders of Arcadia, in which the rivers Peneius and Ladon take their rise. The inhabitants of the district were called Acrocreii (Ἀκρωρεῖοι), and their towns appear to have been Thraustus, Alium, Opus, and Eupagium, to which Lasion may be added. The name is used in opposition to Κοίλη or Hollow Elis. Diodorus Siculus writes that the Spartans, under command of Pausanias of Sparta, marched against Elis with 4,000 men in 402 BCE, and that the towns of Opus, Alium, Eupagium, Thraustus, and Lasion were subdued. Xenophon mentions an Arcadian raid into Elis and took several towns of Acroreia around 365 BCE. Stephanus of Byzantium, who is followed by many modern writers, makes Acrocreii a town, and places it in Triphylia; but this error appears to have arisen from confounding the Acrocreii with the Paroreatae in Triphylia.

Eupagium
Eupagium or Eupagion (Ancient Greek: Εὐπάγιον) was a town in the mountainous district of Acroreia in ancient Elis. Diodorus Siculus writes that the Spartans, under command of Pausanias of Sparta, marched against Elis with 4,000 men in 402 BCE, and that the towns of Opus, Alium, Eupagium, Thraustus, and Lasion were subdued. Xenophon mentions an Arcadian raid into Elis and took several towns of Acroreia around 365 BCE. Its site has not been located.
Tajimi
Tajimi (多治見市, Tajimi-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 1 March 2020, the city had an estimated population of 110,070 in 46,580 households, and a population density of 1200 people per km2. The total area of the city was 117.01 square kilometres (45.18 sq mi). The city is famous for its production of Mino ware ceramics, especially in the Oribe and Seto styles. Tajimi is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities  (AFHC).

Kasugai, Aichi
Kasugai (春日井市, Kasugai-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 306,764, and a population density of 3,306 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 92.78 square kilometres (35.82 sq mi). The city is sometimes called Owarikasugai to avoid confusion with other municipality of the same name, including Kasugai (now part of Fuefuki) in Yamanashi Prefecture.
2020 Nevada elections
Elections were held in Nevada on November 3, 2020. On that date, the state held elections for U.S. President, U.S. House of Representatives, Nevada Assembly, 10 of the 21 seats in the Nevada Senate, and various others. In addition, several measures were on the ballot.

To vote by mail, registered Nevada voters had to ensure each ballot was postmarked by November 3 and received by November 10, 2020.

2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada was held on November 3, 2020, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the state of Nevada, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the Nevada Senate, and various state and local elections.
Grüneisen parameter
In condensed matter, Grüneisen parameter γ is a dimensionless thermodynamic parameter named after German physicist Eduard Grüneisen, whose original definition was formulated in terms of the phonon nonlinearities.

Because of the equivalences of many properties and derivatives within thermodynamics (e.g. see Maxwell relations), there are many formulations of the Grüneisen parameter which are equally valid, leading to numerous interpretations of its meaning. Some formulations for the Grüneisen parameter include:

where V is volume,  and  are the specific (i.e. per-mass) heat capacities at constant pressure and volume, E is energy, S is entropy, α is the volume thermal expansion coefficient,  and  are the adiabatic and isothermal bulk moduli,  is the speed of sound in the medium, and ρ is density. The Grüneisen parameter is dimensionless.

Quasi-harmonic approximation
The quasi-harmonic approximation is a phonon-based model of solid-state physics used to describe volume-dependent thermal effects, such as the thermal expansion. It is based on the assumption that the harmonic approximation holds for every value of the lattice constant, which is to be viewed as an adjustable parameter.
Nishi-Iwakuni Station
Nishi-Iwakuni Station (西岩国駅, Nishi-Iwakuni-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of  Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture,  Japan. It is operated jointly by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Iwakuni
Iwakuni (岩国市, Iwakuni-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2023, the city had an estimated population of 127,512 in 65182 households and a population density of 157 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 873.72 square kilometres (337.35 sq mi).
Coleg Menai
Coleg Menai (Welsh for 'Menai college') is a further education college located in Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. The college has campuses in Parc Menai, Llangefni, Caernarfon and Holyhead.

The college provides a range of academic and vocational courses including A levels, Apprenticeships, English for Speakers of Other Languages programmes and Access courses. It also offers some higher education courses.

On 2 April 2012, Coleg Menai and Coleg Llandrillo Cymru (which included Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor) merged to create Grwp Llandrillo Menai, the largest further education institute in Wales.

Llangefni
Llangefni (Welsh for 'church on the river Cefni'; Welsh pronunciation: [ɬaŋˈɡɛvni]) is the county town of Anglesey in Wales. At the 2011 census, Llangefni's population was 5,116, making it the second-largest town in the county and the largest on the island. The community includes the village of Rhosmeirch. In 2022, population was 7,039 people.
Dis-n-Dat
Dis-n-Dat was an American Miami bass hip hop duo consisting of sisters Tishea and Tenesia Bennett. They recorded for Epic Records.

Closely associated with popular Miami bass acts, the 69 Boyz and Quad City DJ's, Dis-n-Dat released their debut album, Bumpin' on October 11, 1994, with Quad City DJs and 69 Boyz members CC Lemonhead and Jay Ski producing the entire album. The album produced two semi-successful singles—"Freak Me, Baby" and "Party"—the latter of which appeared on ESPN's double-platinum Jock Jams, Volume 2. In 1995, the album was nominated for Best Rap Album at Soul Train's Lady of Soul Awards.

Quad City DJ's
Quad City DJ's is an American music group originally consisting of Jay Ski (Johnny McGowan), C.C. Lemonhead (Nathaniel Orange), and JeLanna LaFleur who recorded the 1996 hit "C'mon N' Ride It (The Train)", a rap-remix of Barry White's 1974 "Theme from Together Brothers". They are also known for writing and performing the theme song to the 1996 live-action/animated basketball film Space Jam.
Xavier Eikerenkoetter
Xavier Eikerenkoetter is the son of American minister, preacher, and black televangelist Frederick J. Eikerenkoetter II, better known as Reverend Ike. Eikerenkoetter was formerly the President of the United Palace, a theater in Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York City. He was also the Spiritual Director of the United Palace House of Inspiration, formerly the United Church or Palace Cathedral, founded by Rev. Ike; and is the founder of the United Palace of Cultural Arts.

Reverend Ike
Frederick J. Eikerenkoetter II (June 1, 1935 – July 28, 2009), better known as Reverend Ike, was an American minister and evangelist based in New York City. He was known for the slogan "You can't lose with the stuff I use!"  Though his preaching is considered a form of prosperity theology, Reverend Ike diverged from traditional Christian theology and taught what he called "Science of Living".
Vice-President of Kiribati
The vice-president of Kiribati (Gilbertese: Kauoman-ni-Beretitenti) is the deputy head of State of the Republic of Kiribati. His or her constitutional functions are to exercise the duties of the president of Kiribati, temporarily or permanently, should the latter be unable to do so, and to "be responsible for such business of the government (including the administration of any department) as the Beretitenti [President] may assign to him".

The president appoints a vice-president from among the government ministers. The vice-president must remain a member of Cabinet throughout his or her term.

The salary of the vice president is AUD 15,700 annually.

President of Kiribati
The president of Kiribati (Gilbertese: Beretitenti) is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.

Following a general election, by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly, members select from their midst "not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates" for the presidency. No other person may stand as candidate. The citizens of Kiribati then elect the president from among the proposed candidates with first-past-the-post voting.
Irving Island
Irving Island (66°25′S 67°4′W﻿ / ﻿66.417°S 67.067°W﻿ / -66.417; -67.067) is a small island at the northeastern end of the Barcroft Islands, in the Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. It is situated 1.18 km east of St. Brigid Island and 1.9 km north of St. Isidore Island. The island was mapped from air photos taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57), and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Laurence Irving, an American physiologist who has specialized in the effects of a polar environment.

St. Isidore Island
St. Isidore Island (Bulgarian: остров Св. Исидор, romanized: ostrov Sv. Isidor, IPA: [ˈɔstrof svɛˈti isiˈdɔr]) is the ice-covered island 1.65 km long in southwest–northeast direction and 890 m wide in the Barcroft group of Biscoe Islands.  Its surface area is 60.3 ha. Upon viewing map coordinates in August 2024, researchers found that the island appears to be underwater, perhaps even melting.

The feature is named after St. Isidore of Seville (c. 560–636), the unofficial patron saint of internet and computer users, programmers and technicians.
Douglas Horsfall
Howard Douglas Horsfall (1856 – February 1936) was a stockbroker and benefactor based in Liverpool, England. He is remembered for building churches in Liverpool, and as a founding benefactor of St Chad's College, Durham.

Horsfall family
The Horsfall family was a family notable in Liverpool, UK, especially as traders at the heart of British trade with Africa after 1807, and as religious benefactors whose churches are among the most important religious buildings in the city.
Ahmedabad University
Ahmedabad University is a private, non-profit research university located in Gujarat, India. Established in 2009 by the Ahmedabad Education Society, it comprises six schools and ten centres.  The university offers a liberal education focused on interdisciplinary learning, research thinking, and experiential learning. Ahmedabad University provides diverse programmes across the humanities, arts, natural sciences, social sciences, engineering, and management.

Ahmedabad Education Society
Ahmadabad Education Society is a premier educational trust, which has founded many schools and colleges in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

One of the largest academic trusts in Gujarat, consisting of 25 institutions providing education to more than 10,000 college and 3,000 school going children and hostel facilities to 1,000 male and 450 female students.
USS Mohican (1859)
The first USS Mohican was a steam sloop-of-war in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She was named for the Mohican tribe and was the first ship of her class.

Mohican was laid down by Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, Maine, in August 1858; launched on 15 February 1859; and commissioned on 29 November 1859, Commander Sylvanus William Godon in command.

Battle of Boca Teacapan
The Battle of Boca Teacapan was the result of a United States Navy expedition to destroy a Mexican pirate ship which was attacking targets in the Pacific Ocean. United States sailors and marines in several small boats pursued the pirates to the Boca Teacapan, in Sinaloa, and up the Teacapan Estuary for 42 mi (68 km) over several days in 1870 before defeating them at their hideout. The battle ended with the destruction of the pirate ship.
Verbless clause
Verbless clauses are comprised, semantically, of a predicand, expressed or not, and a verbless predicate. For example, the underlined string in [With the children so sick,] we've been at home a lot means the same thing as the clause the children are so sick. It attributes the predicate "so sick" to the predicand "the children". In most contexts, *the children so sick would be ungrammatical.

Predicand
In semantics, a predicand is an argument in an utterance, specifically that of which something is predicated. By extension, in syntax, it is the constituent in a clause typically functioning as the subject.: 76
Echinops echinatus
Echinops echinatus, the Indian globe thistle, commonly known as Usnakantaka, is a species of globe thistle, found in India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Indian globe thistle is an erect branched herb about 100 cm high. It has short, stout stems, branching from the base, covered with white cottony hair. Alternately arranged oblong, deeply pinnatifid leaves are 7–12 cm long. Flower heads occur in solitary white spherical balls, 3–5 cm across. Petals of the tiny white disc florets are 5 mm long. Flowers are surrounded by straight, strong, white bristles. Often misidentified with Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner, it is colloquially known as Camel's thistle.

Echinops
Echinops /ˈɛkɪnɒps/ is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, commonly known as globe thistles. They have spiny foliage and produce blue or white spherical flower heads. They are distributed from central Asia, Mongolia and north-eastern China to the Mediterranean basin, temperate regions of Eurasia, reaching to Indian subcontinent and tropical Africa. Globe thistle is the host plant of weevils Larinus vulpes and Larinus onopordi.
Yaa Asantewaa Museum
The Yaa Asantewaa Museum is a museum in Ejisu Municipal District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It was built to honor legendary Ashanti leader Yaa Asantewaa, who was the queen mother of Ejisu.

The museum was established in 2000, to mark the centenary of the Yaa Asantewaa War. It aimed to recreate a typical Asante royal residence from ca. 1900. Located at her grave side in Besease, the hometown of Yaa Asantewaa, it gives off the modern feel of the days of the old through the memories of war.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
McPherson Ridge railway cut
The railway cut of the Gettysburg Battlefield was the place of an 1863 military engagement during the first Day of the Battle of Gettysburg, near the Edward McPherson farmhouse. It was an excavation in which railroad tracks had not yet been placed, but which provided a deep entrenchment. During the day, units from the Union Army of the Potomac deployed near the railway cut to contest the attacks of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.  The Confederates were held off during the morning and early afternoon but were able to drive off the Union army due to superior numbers.

Gettysburg Battlefield
The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the 4-acre (1.6 ha) site of the first shot at Knoxlyn Ridge on the west of the borough, to East Cavalry Field on the east. A military engagement prior to the battle was conducted at the Gettysburg Railroad trestle over Rock Creek, which was burned on June 27.
Abydos boats
The Abydos boats are the remnants of a group of ancient royal Egyptian ceremonial boats found at an archaeological site in Abydos, Egypt. Discovered in 1991, excavation of the Abydos boats began in 2000 at which time fourteen boats were identified. They are located alongside the massive mudbrick structure known as Shunet El Zebib, attributed to the 2nd Dynasty Pharaoh Khasekhemwy. Shunet El Zebib is one of several such "enclosure wall" constructions at this site dating back to the Early Dynastic Period, and is located nearly one mile from the royal cemetery of Umm El Qa'ab.

First Dynasty of Egypt
The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty I) covers the first series of Egyptian kings to rule over a unified Egypt. It immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, by Menes, or Narmer, and marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period, when power was centered at Thinis.

The date of this period is subject to scholarly debate about the Egyptian chronology. It falls within the early Bronze Age and is variously estimated to have begun anywhere between the 34th and the 30th centuries BC. In a 2013 study based on radiocarbon dates, the accession of Hor-Aha, the second king of the First Dynasty, was placed between 3111 and 3045 BC with 68% confidence, and between 3218 and 3035 with 95% confidence. The same study placed the accession of Den, the sixth king of the dynasty, between 2928 and 2911 BC with 68% confidence, although a 2023 radiocarbon analysis placed Den's accession potentially earlier, between 3011 and 2921, within a broader window of 3104 to 2913.
Kendriya Vidyalaya, Raebareli
Kendriya Vidyalaya Raebareli is a school in Raebareli run by Kendriya Vidyalaya Sanghathan, an autonomous body under the Ministry of HRD. The school is affiliated to CBSE. A civil sector Kendriya Vidyalaya, the school is situated in the peaceful area of Civil Lines Raebareli. The school is roughly at half a mile distance from the NH 30 connecting Lucknow and Allahabad. It was inaugurated in 1973 and two other Kendriya Vidyalaya in Raebareli District.

Raebareli
Raebareli (Hindi: Rāēbarēlī, pronounced [ɾaɛbəɾeliː] ⓘ) is a city in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Raebareli district, and a part of Lucknow Division and comes under the Uttar Pradesh State Capital Region (UP-SCR). The city is situated on the banks of the Sai River, and center of four metropolitan cities i.e. Lucknow, Prayagraj, Ayodhya, and Kanpur. It possesses many architectural features and sites, chief of which is a strong and spacious fort. As of 2011, Raebareli had a population of 191,316 people, in 35,197 households.
Panmure Castle
Panmure Castle was a castle that was located to the north-west of Muirdrum, Angus, Scotland.

The castle was owned by the de Valognes family, until the castle passed by marriage of Christina de Valognes to Peter Maule of Fowlis. The stone castle is thought to have been built by Peter Maule around 1224 and was destroyed by Andrew Murray of Avoch and Petty during the Second War of Scottish Independence in 1336.
The castle was the ancestral home of the Maule family of Panmure from the 13th century to the 17th century, when it was replaced by Panmure House in the 17th century.

In 1485 Alexander Garden killed John Jamesone by throwing a stone at him from the castle, and he was forgiven by James IV for this crime in December 1507.

The ruins of the castle and moat has been designated as a Scheduled Monument by Historic Environment Scotland.

De Valognes
de Valognes (Valoignes, Valoines, Valoins, Valons, Valeynes, Valeignes, Valens, Valence, Valance, Valang, Valoniis) is a family name of two distinct powerful families with notable descendants in the centuries immediately following the Norman Conquest. Although a connection between them has been inferred by some authorities, this is not supported by positive evidence.

The family descending from the Domesday ancestor Peter de Valognes is believed to have originated in Valognes (Valoniis in 1056 - 1066; Valuignes, Valoignes ab. 1175),  in the Cotentin peninsula in Normandy. The family descending from Hamo de Valoines of Parham may have originated from Valaines in the region of Rennes in Brittany.
Mikhail Mishustin
Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin (born 3 March 1966) is a Russian politician and economist serving as the prime minister of Russia since 2020. He previously served as the director of the Federal Taxation Service from 2010 to 2020.

President Vladimir Putin nominated Mishustin to become prime minister on 15 January 2020, following the resignation of Dmitry Medvedev and the rest of the government to allow for sweeping constitutional changes. Hearings on his appointment took place in the State Duma on 16 January, and he was confirmed in office that day.

Mishustin has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly
The 2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly was given by the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, on Wednesday, January 15, 2020, in the Moscow Manege.

Putin devoted his speech to issues on demography, economics, medicine, and education. The key topic of the speech was the announcement of amendments to the Constitution, which would be proposed via a referendum.
Formyl cyanide
Formyl cyanide is a simple organic compound with the formula HCOCN and structure HC(=O)−C≡N. It is simultaneously a nitrile (R−C≡N) and an aldehyde (R−CH=O). Formyl cyanide is the simplest member of the acyl cyanide family. It is known to occur in space in the Sgr B2 molecular cloud.

Acyl cyanide
In organic chemistry, an acyl cyanide is a functional group with the formula R−C(O)CN and structure R−C(=O)−C≡N. It consists of an acyl group (R−C=O) attached to cyanide (−C≡N).  Examples include acetyl cyanide, formyl cyanide, and oxalyl dicyanide.  Acyl cyanides are reagents in organic synthesis.
James and Mary Forsyth House
The James and Mary Forsyth House is located on Albany Avenue near uptown Kingston, New York, United States. It is a brick Italian villa-style house designed by Richard Upjohn in the mid-19th century. When it was finished it was celebrated locally for its lavish decor. James Forsyth, as well as another later resident, left the house after being accused of financial wrongdoing. It has been modified slightly since its original construction with trim in the Colonial Revival style.

Along with the Old Dutch Church by Minard Lafever, it is the only extant pre-Civil War building, and the only house from that period, in Kingston designed by a nationally prominent architect. In the 20th century it was used as a Masonic Lodge. Since 1986 it has been the offices of a local construction company that has restored some of Kingston's other historic buildings. In 2003 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Richard Upjohn
Richard Upjohn (22 January 1802 – 16 August 1878) was a British-American architect who immigrated to the United States and became most famous for his Gothic Revival churches. He was partially responsible for launching the movement to popularity in the United States. Upjohn also did extensive work in and helped to popularize the Italianate style. He was a founder and the first president of the American Institute of Architects. His son, Richard Michell Upjohn, (1828-1903), was also a well-known architect and served as a partner in his continued architectural firm in New York.