hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Archive for Christian Democratic Policy
The Archive for Christian Democratic Policy (ACDP) at the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, established in 1976  on the initiative of Heinrich Krone, Bruno Heck and Helmut Kohl, is the central archive of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) of Germany in Sankt Augustin.

By bringing together the sources of history of the CDU and processing the materials thus assembled, the founders’ aim was to enable extensive research to be conducted into the effectiveness of Christian democratic policy in German and European post-war history.

Konrad Adenauer Foundation
The Konrad Adenauer Foundation (German: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.; Abbreviation: KAS) is a German political party foundation associated with but independent of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The foundation's headquarters are located in Sankt Augustin near Bonn, as well as in Berlin. Globally, the KAS has 111 foreign offices and runs programs in over 100 countries. Its current chairwoman is Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, a former Federal Minister of Defence and Minister-President of Saarland. It is a member of the Martens Centre, the official foundation and think tank of the European People's Party (EPP). In 2020, it ranked 15th amongst think tanks globally.

In August 2024, the Konrad Adenauer Foundation was declared an undesirable organization in Russia.

In November 2024, the Center for Studies in Social Sciences Research (CERSS) in Morocco terminated its partnership with KAS due to a politics-based disagreement.
Cliviger
Cliviger /ˈklɪvɪdʒər/ is a civil parish in the Borough of Burnley, in Lancashire, England. It is situated to the southeast of Burnley, and northwest of Todmorden. According to the 2011 census, the parish has a population of 2,238.

Although the whole parish lies within the Borough of Burnley it is actually split between three post towns, with a few farms lying in either the Todmorden or Bacup postal areas. Nowadays, it is mainly a dormitory area for people working in Burnley and other towns in East Lancashire and West Yorkshire.

Contrary to popular (and in some cases mistaken local) belief there is no village of "Cliviger". The principal settlements within the parish are Walk Mill, Southward Bottom, Overtown, Mereclough and Holme Chapel.

Thomas Dunham Whitaker
Thomas Dunham Whitaker (8 June 1759 – 18 December 1821) was an English clergyman and topographer who was Vicar of Whalley, from 1809 and Blackburn, from 1818. He undertook landscape improvements in the Cliviger area, and oversaw the planting of approximately half a million trees between 1785 and 1815, winning the gold medal of the Society of Arts for planting 64,000 larches in one year.
Ad Pirum
Ad Pirum was a Roman fortress. It was active during the time of the late Roman Empire. It is located on the Hrušica Plateau in southwestern Slovenia, in the hamlet of Hrušica in Podkraj. It was built in the 320s.

Hrušica (plateau)
Hrušica (pronounced [ˈxɾuːʃitsa]; German: Birnbaumer Wald [literally, 'pear tree forest'], Italian: Selva di Piro) is a plateau at the northern end of the Postojna Gate. The plateau can be viewed as the end or extension of the Trnovo Forest Plateau (Slovene: Trnovski gozd), and to the west is Mount Nanos. The limestone plateau reaches an elevation of 1,080 m, while the road crosses it at 883 m. Because the Postojna Gate is crossed at a lower point of 606 m at nearby Postojna, modern traffic including the railroad and the freeway bypass Hrušica. Hrušica was the location of an ancient Roman Fortress called Ad Pirum, which was part of the Claustra Alpium Iuliarum defence system.
Badderen
Badderen (Norwegian), Báttár (Northern Sami), or Paattari (Kven) is a village in Kvænangen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It lies at the head of the Badderfjord, about 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) south of the municipal seat of Burfjord. The European route E6 highway passes through the village. The basic statistical unit (grunnkrets) of Badderen, which also includes the hamlet of Undereidet, had a population of 183 in 2015.

Badderfjord
The Badderfjord (Norwegian) or Báttárvuonna (Northern Sami) is a small fjord that branches off of the main Kvænangen fjord in Kvænangen Municipality in Troms county, Norway.  The fjord is 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) long and 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) wide and it extends from its mouth between Steinnes and Nordnes eastward to the head of the fjord at the village of Badderen, which the fjord is named after. Other settlements along the fjord include Undereidet on the north side and Sekkemo on the south side. West of Nordnes lies the Sørstraumen strait near the village of Sørstraumen, where European Route E6 crosses the Sørstraumen Bridge over the Kvænangen fjord. European Route E6 then continues along the south and east sides of the Badderfjord.
Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens
Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens was a political organization of feminist women created in the early 1980s to undertake non-violent direct action tactics to raise awareness for the need of an Equal Rights Amendment. The group also advocated for reproductive rights and lasted throughout the 1980s.

Sonia Johnson
Sonia Ann Johnson, (née Harris; born February 27, 1936) is an American feminist activist and writer. She was an outspoken supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and in the late 1970s was publicly critical of the position of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), of which she was a member, against the proposed amendment. She was eventually excommunicated from the church for her activities. She went on to publish several radical feminist books, ran for president in 1984, and become a popular feminist speaker.
Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation
The hormonal theory of sexuality holds that, just as exposure to certain hormones plays a role in fetal sex differentiation, such exposure also influences the sexual orientation that emerges later in the individual. Prenatal hormones may be seen as the primary determinant of adult sexual orientation, or a co-factor.

Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation
The fraternal birth order effect is an observation that the more older brothers a male has from the same mother, the greater probability he will have a homosexual orientation. It was identified by Ray Blanchard and Anthony Bogaert in the 1990s, who attributed the effect to a prenatal biological mechanism, as the association is only present in men with older biological brothers, and not present among men with older step-brothers. Hypothesized to be the result of a maternal immune response to male fetuses, whereby antibodies neutralize male Y-proteins thought to play a role in sexual differentiation during development, it would leave some regions of the male brain in the 'female typical' arrangement – resulting in attraction to males.
Pozzo d'Adda
Pozzo d'Adda (Lombard: Pozz [ˈpus], locally [ˈpos]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,903 and an area of 4.2 square kilometres (1.6 sq mi).

Pozzo d'Adda borders the following municipalities: Grezzago, Trezzano Rosa, Basiano, Vaprio d'Adda, Masate, Inzago, Cassano d'Adda.

Vaprio d'Adda
Vaprio d'Adda (Milanese: Vaver; Bergamasque: Aer; locally Vavar) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Milan.

Vaprio d'Adda borders the following municipalities: Trezzo sull'Adda, Capriate San Gervasio, Grezzago, Canonica d'Adda, Pozzo d'Adda, Cassano d'Adda, Fara Gera d'Adda.
Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (JRAI) is the principal journal of the oldest anthropological organization in the world, the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Articles, at the forefront of the discipline, range across the full spectrum of anthropology, embracing all fields and areas of inquiry – from sociocultural, biological, and archaeological, to medical, material and visual. The JRAI is also acclaimed for its extensive book review section, and it publishes a bibliography of books received.

Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) is a long-established anthropological organisation, and Learned Society, with a global membership. Its remit includes all the component fields of anthropology, such as biological anthropology, evolutionary anthropology, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, visual anthropology and medical anthropology, as well as sub-specialisms within these, and interests shared with neighbouring disciplines such as human genetics, archaeology and linguistics. It seeks to combine a tradition of scholarship with services to anthropologists, including students.

The RAI promotes the public understanding of anthropology, as well as the contribution anthropology can make to public affairs and social issues. It includes within its constituency not only academic anthropologists, but also those with a general interest in the subject, and those trained in anthropology who work in other fields.
Adam Kury
Adam Kury (born July 7, 1967) is an American bassist and vocalist. He is best known as the bassist for the American alternative rock band Candlebox. Based in Los Angeles, California, he has been the bassist for Candlebox since the band reunited in 2008.

Kury was born in Montrose, Scotland and was raised all over the world as a Navy brat, living in Scotland, Thailand, Germany, Maryland, Alaska, and Hawaii. He performs and records with many artists in Los Angeles and around the world., including bands such as The Hiwatts, The Kings Royal, Le Projet, Angels in Vein, Last December, Legs Diamond, and is also currently a member of Los Angeles-based Sons of Silver. Adam is also known for occasional mixing and producing as well.

Candlebox
Candlebox is an American rock band from Seattle, Washington. Since its formation in 1990, the group has released eight studio albums, several charting singles, a compilation, and a CD+DVD.

Candlebox found immediate success with the release of its self-titled debut album in July 1993. Candlebox featured four singles: "Change", "You", "Far Behind" and "Cover Me". "Far Behind" reached the top 20, and the album was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA. The band's next album, Lucy (1995), was certified gold, and was followed three years later by Happy Pills (1998). After troubles with its record company, Candlebox broke up in 2000. The band reunited in 2006 and they have since released five more studio albums: Into the Sun (2008), Love Stories & Other Musings (2012) Disappearing in Airports (2016), Wolves (2021), and their most recent album The Long Goodbye released on August 25, 2023.

Writers at 106.3 The Buzz consider Candlebox one of the "Big Four" of post-grunge.
Rowfant railway station
Rowfant was a railway station on the Three Bridges to Tunbridge Wells Central Line in the parish of Worth, West Sussex. The line closed in 1967, a casualty of the Beeching Axe. The route of the railway line cut a path through the estate of Curtis Miranda Lampson, a wealthy American fur trader and vice-chairman of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, who agreed to sell his land cheaply to the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR) on condition that a station be provided, together with the right to stop trains on request. Apart from Lampson's Rowfant House the only other nearby residence was Worth Hall owned by John Nix, an LBSCR director. At Lampson's request a shelter was provided for his coachmen.  Before and during World War Two an Air Force Reserve Storage Depot, was constructed adjacent to the station and railway line.

Three Bridges–Tunbridge Wells line
The Three Bridges–Tunbridge Wells line is a mostly disused railway line running from Three Bridges (on the Brighton Main Line) in West Sussex to Tunbridge Wells Central in Kent via East Grinstead in West Sussex (East Sussex pre-1974), a distance of 20 miles 74 chains (33.7 km). Opened in 1855, the main section of the line was a casualty of the Beeching Axe – the last train ran on 1 January 1967. The remaining section to Tunbridge Wells closed on 6 July 1985, although the section between Groombridge and Tunbridge Wells West was reopened in 1997 under the auspices of the Spa Valley Railway.
Darrous
Darrous (Persian: دروس) is a neighbourhood in Shemiran, northern Tehran, Iran. It is considered one of the most affluent areas in the city, as many modern and fashionable families reside there. Darrous is bounded by Pasdaran, Gholhak, Doulat, and Ekhtiyarieh.

Mehdi Gholi Hedayat (Mokhber-ol Saltaneh), a renowned aristocrat of the late Qajar era, was the main land owner in this area prior to 1950s, which at that time consisted of expansive gardens and farms. Beside holding other high offices such as governor of Fars and Azerbaijan, during the constitutional era, he served from 1927 to 1933 as prime minister during the reign of Reza Shah. His legacy still survives in the area in the form of a mosque, a medical clinic, and a school, all named Hedayat and located on Hedayat Street.

Many foreign embassies are located in Darrous including those of Spain, Hungary, Portugal, Colombia, Argentina and Kazakhstan. In addition, Darrous is home to various United Nations agencies.

Doulat
Doulat (also spelled Dowlat) is a district in northern Tehran, Iran.

Doulat is mostly suburban and located between Shariati street and Pasdaran street. It neighbors Daroos, Dibaji, Ekhtiarieh districts. Many shops and restaurants are located in the neighborhood.

Doulat ("government") is the former name of a street in the district. After the Iranian Revolution the name of the street was changed to "Shahid Yousef Kolahdooz" in honor of Yousef Kolahdouz, a co-founder of the IRGC.

There are many apartments in the alleys and streets which are connected to Kolahdooz Street. The area sees heavy vehicle traffic, particularly during rush hour. The cemetery for World War II soldiers is located on this street.
Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints
Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) is the study of 
constrained optimization problems  where the constraints include variational inequalities or  complementarities. MPEC is related to the Stackelberg game.

MPEC is used in the study of engineering design, economic equilibrium, and multilevel games.

MPEC is difficult to deal with because its feasible region is not necessarily convex or even connected.

Complementarity theory
A complementarity problem is a type of mathematical optimization problem. It is the problem of optimizing (minimizing or maximizing) a function of two vector variables subject to certain requirements (constraints) which include: that the inner product of the two vectors must equal zero, i.e. they are orthogonal. In particular for finite-dimensional real vector spaces this means that, if one has vectors X and Y with all nonnegative components (xi ≥ 0 and yi ≥ 0 for all : in the first quadrant if 2-dimensional, in the first octant if 3-dimensional), then for each pair of components xi and yi one of the pair must be zero, hence the name complementarity. e.g. X = (1, 0) and Y = (0, 2) are complementary, but X = (1, 1) and Y = (2, 0) are not. A complementarity problem is a special case of a variational inequality.
All the Woo in the World
All The Woo In The World is the debut funk album by Parliament-Funkadelic keyboardist Bernie Worrell, released in 1978 by Arista Records. The album was produced by Bernie Worrell and P-Funk leader George Clinton and features various P-Funk alumni including Garry Shider, Bootsy Collins, Junie Morrison, Billy Bass Nelson, and Eddie Hazel.

The album was reissued in Japan on the P-Vine record label in Japan in 1991 and is sought after by collectors. In October 2011, All the Woo in the World was reissued in the U.S. by the Arista/Get On Down label.

In 1979, the album charted at number 59 on the US R&B charts, while "Insurance Men For The Funk" charted at number 92, on the US R&B singles charts.

Bernie Worrell
George Bernard Worrell, Jr. (April 19, 1944 – June 24, 2016) was an American keyboardist and record producer, best known as a founding member of the Parliament-Funkadelic collective, and a touring member of Talking Heads in the 1980s. He also worked with such producers and musicians as Keith Richards, Yoko Ono, Bill Laswell, Mos Def, Sly and Robbie, Fela Kuti and Cream's Jack Bruce. The New York Times journalist Jon Pareles, described Worrell as "the kind of sideman who is as influential as some bandleaders" and stated that his music "indelibly changed the sound of funk and hip-hop." Worrell was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 as a member of Parliament-Funkadelic, along with 15 other members the band. He also appeared with Talking Heads when they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002. Worrell was the uncle of rapper and actor Chino XL.
Green Peter Dam
Green Peter Dam is a concrete gravity dam impounding the Middle Santiam River in Linn County in the U.S. state of Oregon.  It was completed in 1967 to generate hydroelectricity, prevent flood damage, provide irrigation, and improve water quality downstream. It has been leaking for many years but is considered to be safe by authorities. Water released by the dam is regulated by the Foster Dam 7 miles (11 km) down the river.

Green Peter Reservoir, created by the dam, is a popular area for fishing, boating, and other water sports.

The dam is featured in the 2013 film Night Moves.

Green Peter Reservoir
Green Peter Reservoir is a reservoir created by Green Peter Dam on the Middle Santiam River 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Sweet Home, Oregon, United States.  The reservoir is approximately 10 miles (16 km) long and has a surface area of approximately 3,720 acres (1,510 ha) when full.  The reservoir is used for hydropower, recreation, flood risk management, water quality, irrigation, and as a fish and wildlife habitat.
Jason Dunham
Jason Lee Dunham (November 10, 1981 – April 22, 2004) was a corporal in the United States Marine Corps who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions while serving with 3rd Battalion 7th Marines during the Iraq War. While on a patrol in Husaybah, his unit was attacked. In the course of the fighting, Dunham deliberately used his helmet and body to cover a live grenade and save nearby Marines. When it exploded Dunham was gravely injured and died eight days later.

USS Jason Dunham
USS Jason Dunham (DDG-109) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight IIA) Aegis guided missile destroyer  in the United States Navy. She is named after US Marine Corps corporal Jason Dunham, who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for service in the Iraq War. She was built by the Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine. She was christened by Corporal Dunham's mother, Debra Dunham, the ship's sponsor, and launched on 1 August 2009. Jason Dunham was commissioned on 13 November 2010.
Anbil Poyyamozhi
Anbil Poyyamozhi  was an Indian politician and a former Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Tamil Nadu. He was a close confidant and friend of current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. K. Stalin.

Poyyamozhi was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Tiruchirappalli - II constituency as a DMK candidate in the 1989 and 1996 elections. He was a son of the former Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) minister Anbil P. Dharmalingam and the elder brother of Anbil Periyasamy, who was persuaded to contest the vacant Tiruchirapalli seat in the by-election resulting from Anbil Poyyamozhi's death. Poyyamozhi's son, Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi, was elected as the MLA for Thiruverumbur constituency in 2016 and also serves as the current Minister for School Education in Tamil Nadu from 2021.

Anbil Periyasamy
Anbil Periyasamy is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu.

He is the son of former DMK Minister Anbil P. Dharmalingam and younger brother of Anbil Poyyamozhi.

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Tiruchirappalli - II constituency as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 1999–2000 by-election and 2001 election and from Tiruchirappalli - I constituency as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 2006 election.
Kyle Dake
Kyle Douglas Dake (born February 25, 1991) is an American freestyle wrestler and graduated folkstyle wrestler who competes at 74 kilograms. He currently competes in the Cruiserweight division of Real American Freestyle (RAF), where he is the current RAF Cruiserweight Champion.

Dake is a four-time World Champion, winning back-to-back titles twice, at 79 kilos in 2018 and 2019 and 74 kilos in 2021 and 2022. He earned bronze medals at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and 2024 Paris Olympics.

In college, he became the third four-time NCAA Division I National Champion in history, and the only one to ever do so in four different weight classes, and without a redshirt season. He was named the Dan Hodge Trophy winner and Schalles Award winner as a senior and he also claimed three EIWA titles, competing out of Cornell University.

Jabrayil Hasanov
Jabrayil Hasanov (Azerbaijani: Cəbrayıl Həsənov, born on 24 February 1990 in Suparibağ, Astara, Azerbaijan, Soviet Union) is a male freestyle wrestler from Azerbaijan who has competed in the 66, 74 and 79 kg categories.  He is an Olympic bronze medalist, multiple World Championships medalist, and the winner of Yasar Dogu Grand-Prix.
Tax-free shopping
Tax-free shopping (TFS) is the buying of goods in another  country or state and obtaining a refund of the sales tax which has been collected by the retailer on those goods. The sales tax may be variously described as a sales tax, goods and services tax (GST), value added tax (VAT), or consumption tax.

Promoting tax-free shopping and making it easier for tourists to claim the refund back has helped to attract travellers to many countries. TFS is subject to national regulations, such as minimum spend and restrictions on the types of products on which it can be claimed. Refunds can only be claimed on goods which are exported. Buying goods tax free does not mean travellers are exempt from paying applicable taxes on their purchases when they get home; however, they will generally be able to benefit from an allowance of a certain amount on import.

Use tax
A use tax is a type of tax levied in the United States by numerous state governments. It is essentially the same as a sales tax but is applied not where a product or service was sold but where a merchant bought a product or service and then converted it for its own use, without having paid tax when it was initially purchased. Use taxes are functionally equivalent to sales taxes. They are typically levied upon the use, storage, enjoyment, or other consumption in the state of tangible personal property that has not been subjected to a sales tax.