hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw
The Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw (CNA) (French for "Council of the Atikamekw Nation"), officially named Atikamekw Sipi - Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw, is a tribal council in Quebec, Canada. It is composed of the three Atikamekw bands: Manawan, Opitciwan and Wemotaci. Together, the three bands have a total registered population of 7,747 members in 2016. It is headquartered in La Tuque, Quebec. The role of the CNA is to officially represent all Atikamekw Nehirowisiw. In September 2014, the CNA declared its sovereignty on its ancestral territory, the Nitaskinan, covering approximately 80,000 km2.

Tribal council (Canada)
A tribal council is an association of First Nations bands in Canada, generally along regional, ethnic or linguistic lines.

An Indian band, usually consisting of one main community, is the fundamental unit of government for First Nations in Canada. Bands may unite to form a tribal council, but they need not do so. Bands that do not belong to a tribal council are said to be independent. Bands may and do withdraw from tribal councils. Furthermore, the authority that bands delegate to their tribal council varies, with some tribal councils serving as a strong, central organization while others are granted limited power by their members.

Nunavut and Newfoundland and Labrador do not have any tribal councils.
Plasmodium globularis
Plasmodium globularis is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Novyella. As in all Plasmodium species, P. globularis has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.

Novyella
Novyella is a subgenus of the genus Plasmodium - all of which are parasites. The subgenus was created in 1963 by Corradetti et al. Species in this subgenus infect birds. It unites the avian malaria parasites with small erythrocytic meronts and elongated gametocytes.
Walter Hamilton Dickson
Walter Hamilton Dickson (January 4, 1806 – July 30, 1885) was a lawyer and political figure in Canada West. He was a Conservative member of the Senate of Canada from 1867 to 1884.

He was born in Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake), Upper Canada in 1806, the son of William Dickson. In 1813, his home was burned with the rest of the town by American Brigadier-General George McClure. He articled in law with his brother Robert and was called to the bar in 1830. He practised in Dundas and then at Niagara. He served in the cavalry unit of the local militia and served as a major during the Upper Canada Rebellion. Dickson represented Niagara in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1844 to 1851. In 1855, he was appointed to the Legislative Council and served until Confederation, when he was appointed to the Senate. He resigned in 1884.

Robert Dickson (Upper Canada politician)
Robert Dickson (1796 – November 28, 1846) was a lawyer and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born at Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake) in 1796, the son of William Dickson, a member of the Legislative Council. He studied in Edinburgh and settled in Niagara. He served in the local militia, becoming captain in 1829, and was elected to represent the town in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in 1828. He died in Livorno, Italy in 1846.

His younger brother Walter Hamilton later became a member of the Canadian Senate.
Funerary hatchment
A funerary hatchment is a depiction within a black lozenge-shaped frame, generally on a black (sable) background, of a deceased's heraldic achievement, that is to say the escutcheon showing the arms, together with the crest and supporters of his family or person. Regimental Colours and other military or naval emblems are sometimes placed behind the arms of military or naval officers. Such funerary hatchments would therefore generally be restricted in use to members of the nobility or armigerous gentry, and were hung on the wall of a deceased person's house. They were later transferred to the parish church, often within the family chapel therein which appertained to the manor house; the lord of the manor usually held the advowson of the church. In Germany, the approximate equivalent is a Totenschild, literally "shield of the dead".

Achievement (heraldry)
In heraldry, an achievement, armorial achievement or heraldic achievement (historical: hatchment) is a full display or depiction of all the heraldic components to which the bearer of a coat of arms is entitled. An achievement comprises not only the arms displayed on the escutcheon, the central element, but also the following elements surrounding it (from top to bottom):

Slogan or war-cry, if possessed

Mantle and pavilion

Crest placed atop a:

Torse (or cap of maintenance as a special honour)

Mantling

Helm of appropriate variety; if holder of higher rank than a baronet, issuing from a:

Coronet or crown (not used by baronets), of  appropriate variety.

Console (decorative or aesthetic in purpose, and not officially part of the armorial grant)

Supporters (if the bearer is entitled to them, generally in modern usage not baronets), which may stand on a compartment

Motto, if possessed

Order, if possessed

Badge, if possessed
DIRECT & Jupiter Rocket Family
DIRECT was a late-2000s proposed alternative super heavy lift launch vehicle architecture supporting NASA's Vision for Space Exploration that would replace the space agency's planned Ares I and Ares V rockets with a family of Shuttle-Derived Launch Vehicles named "Jupiter". It was intended to be the alternative to the Ares I and Ares V rockets which were under development for the Constellation program, intended to develop the Orion spacecraft for use in Earth orbit, the Moon, and Mars.

Major benefits were projected from re-using as much hardware and facilities from the Space Shuttle program as possible, including cost savings, experience with existing hardware, and preserving the workforce.

Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee
The Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee, better known as the HSF Committee, Augustine Commission, or Augustine Committee, was a group convened by NASA at the request of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), to review the nation's human spaceflight plans to ensure "a vigorous and sustainable path to achieving its boldest aspirations in space." The review was announced by the OSTP on May 7, 2009. It covered human spaceflight options after the time NASA had planned to retire the Space Shuttle.  A summary report was provided to the OSTP Director John Holdren, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), and NASA Administrator on September 8, 2009. The estimated cost associated with the review was expected to be US$3 million.  The committee was scheduled to be active for 180 days; the report was released on October 22, 2009.
Asplenium chathamense
Asplenium chathamense, also called Chatham Island spleenwort, is a species of spleenwort in the fern family Aspleniaceae. It is endemic and found near coasts on the Chatham Islands. The species was described in 1985 by Patrick Brownsey. It is categorized as "naturally uncommon" in the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

Asplenium
Asplenium is a genus of about 700 species of ferns, often treated as the only genus in the family Aspleniaceae, though other authors consider Hymenasplenium separate, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, a different chromosome count, and structural differences in the rhizomes. The type species for the genus is Asplenium marinum.

The most common vernacular name is spleenworts, applied to the more "typical" species. A. nidus and several similar species are called bird's-nest ferns, the Camptosorus group is known as walking ferns, and distinct names are applied to some other particularly well-known species.
United Air Lines Flight 859
United Airlines Flight 859 was a Douglas DC-8, registration N8040U, on a scheduled passenger flight that crashed on landing at Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado after departing from Omaha, Nebraska's Eppley Airfield on July 11, 1961. Eighteen people were killed, and 84 were injured.

The crash was caused by the failure of the two port engines to generate reverse thrust, which sent the aircraft off the runway. One of the plane's fuel tanks subsequently ruptured and ignited.

Stapleton International Airport
Stapleton International Airport (IATA: DEN, ICAO: KDEN, FAA LID: DEN) was a major airport in the western United States, and the primary airport of Denver, Colorado. It opened on October 17, 1929, and was replaced by Denver International Airport in 1995.

It was a hub for Continental Airlines, the original Frontier Airlines, People Express, United Airlines, and Western Airlines. Other airlines with smaller operations at Stapleton included Aspen Airways, today’s Frontier Airlines, and Rocky Mountain Airways, all three being based in Denver at the time.

Stapleton International Airport was replaced by Denver International Airport in 1995; it was closed and the property redeveloped as the commercial and residential neighborhood of Central Park, which was named Stapleton until 2020. The Stapleton International Airport codes were transferred to the new airport, which continues to use them today.
Kuroda Nagamasa
Kuroda Nagamasa (黒田 長政; December 3, 1568 – August 29, 1623) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods. He was the son of Kuroda Kanbei, who served as a chief strategist and adviser to Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Nagamasa is best known for his role as the first lord of Fukuoka Domain in Chikuzen Province and for his participation in major military campaigns, including the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), where he supported Tokugawa Ieyasu, contributing to the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate.

Katō Yoshiaki
Katō Yoshiaki(ra) (加藤 嘉明; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.toː | jo.ɕi.aꜜ.kʲi.ɾa], 1563 – October 7, 1631) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Sengoku period to early Edo period; he served as lord of the Aizu Domain.

As a retainer of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Katō fought in the battle of Shizugatake in 1583 and soon became known as one of the shichi-hon-yari (七本槍), or Seven Spears of Shizugatake. He was also one of Hideyoshi's seven most trusted and experienced generals. He was additionally involved in the naval battles at Siege of Shimoda in the Odawara Campaign (1590) and fought along the coast of southern Korean peninsula during the first and second Korean Campaigns.
Crestview, Florida
Crestview is the largest city and county seat of Okaloosa County, Florida, United States. The population was 27,134 at the 2020 census, up from 20,978 at the 2010 census. With an elevation of 236 feet (72 m) above sea level, it is one of the highest points in the state.

Crestview is a principal city of the Crestview–Fort Walton Beach–Destin, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Eglin Air Force Base
Eglin Air Force Base (IATA: VPS, ICAO: KVPS, FAA LID: VPS) is a United States Air Force (USAF) base in the western Florida panhandle, located about three miles (5 km) southwest of Valparaiso in Okaloosa County.

The host unit at Eglin is the 96th Test Wing (formerly the 96th Air Base Wing). The 96 TW is the test and evaluation center for Air Force air-delivered weapons, navigation and guidance systems, command and control systems, and Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) systems.

Eglin AFB was established 91 years ago in 1935 as the Valparaiso Bombing and Gunnery Base. It is named in honor of Lt. Col. Frederick I. Eglin (1891–1937), who was killed in a crash of his Northrop A-17 attack aircraft on a flight from Langley to Maxwell Field, Alabama.
Fraser and Neave
Fraser and Neave, Limited (F&N) is a Singaporean food and beverage, publishing and printing industries conglomerate. It is owned by Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi.

Listed in Singapore, the group's subsidiaries include F&N Foods, F&N Creameries, Warbug Group, Yoke Food Industries and Times Publishing. As of 2023, F&N had total assets of over S$5 billion and employed over 7,200 people in 11 countries.

In January 2014, through a distribution in specie and re-listing of Frasers Centrepoint Limited by way of introduction on the Singapore stock exchange, the group de-merged its properties business.

Kirin Company
Kirin Holdings Company, Limited. (キリンホールディングス株式会社) is a Japanese beer and beverage holding company. It is known for brands such as Kirin Beer, Kirin Lemon, Mets, and Gogo no Kōcha.

The predecessor of the company, the Japan Brewery Company, was founded in Yokohama in 1885 by William Henry Talbot and Edgar Abbott. In 1888, they launched Kirin Beer. In 1907, the business of JBC was inherited, and Kirin Brewery Company was established. In 2007, it became Kirin Holdings Company, a holding company, with Kirin Beer Company, Kirin Beverage Company, and Mercian Corporation as its main subsidiaries. As a result, the brewery division was taken over by the second incarnation of Kirin Brewery.

Kirin is a core member of the Mitsubishi Group.
Melasma
Melasma (also known as chloasma faciei: 854  or the mask of pregnancy when it occurs in pregnant women) is a common skin disorder characterized by tan, brown, or grayish hyperpigmented patches, usually on the face.

The exact cause of melasma is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of factors including ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, hormonal influences (such as pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy), genetics, and skin irritation.

Although melasma can affect anyone, it occurs more frequently in women, particularly those with darker skin types and those living in areas of intense sun exposure. It is considered a chronic and relapsing condition that may require ongoing management.

Ochronosis
Ochronosis is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of homogentisic acid in connective tissues, leading to pigmentation changes. The term derives from the yellowish-brown (ocher-like) discoloration observed in histological samples. However, macroscopically, the affected tissues often appear bluish-grey due to the Tyndall effect, a phenomenon in which scattered light gives deeper-lying pigments a blue hue.

Ochronosis is most commonly associated with the rare metabolic disorder alkaptonuria, a genetic condition involving homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency. It may also occur as an acquired condition, known as *exogenous ochronosis*, resulting from prolonged topical application or systemic exposure to certain phenol derivatives, particularly hydroquinone.

The condition was first described by German pathologist Rudolf Virchow in 1865.
Clare Range
The Clare Range (77°10′S 161°11′E﻿ / ﻿77.167°S 161.183°E﻿ / -77.167; 161.183﻿ (Clare Range)) is the range extending west-southwest from Sperm Bluff to the Willett Range on the south side of Mackay Glacier, in Victoria Land, Antarctica.
It is south of the Convoy Range and north of the Olympus Range.

Olympus Range
The Olympus Range (77°29′S 161°30′E﻿ / ﻿77.483°S 161.500°E﻿ / -77.483; 161.500﻿ (Olympus Range)) is a primarily ice-free mountain range of Victoria Land, Antarctica, with peaks over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) high, between Victoria Valley and McKelvey Valley on the north and Wright Valley on the south.
It is south of the Clare Range and north of the Asgard Range.
Bar Kokhba Sextet
Bar Kokhba Sextet brings together six core members of Masada under the leadership of John Zorn. An improvisational group of New York's downtown artists, the sextet includes Cyro Baptista on percussion, Marc Ribot on guitar, Greg Cohen on bass, Joey Baron on drums, Mark Feldman on violin, and Erik Friedlander on cello. According to Tzadik, Zorn's music label, the band's music is "Sephardic exotica for young moderns".

The Bar Kokhba album, recorded from 1994 to 1996, started Zorn's transition into his second Masada Book, The Book of Angels.

Marc Ribot
Marc Ribot (/ˈriːboʊ/;
born May 21, 1954) is an American guitarist and composer.

His work has touched on many styles, including no wave, free jazz, rock, and Cuban music. Ribot is also known for collaborating with other musicians, most notably Tom Waits, Elvis Costello, Vinicio Capossela and John Zorn.
Phi Kappa Phi
The Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi (or simply Phi Kappa Phi or ΦΚΦ) is an honor society established in 1897 to recognize and encourage superior scholarship without restriction as to the area of study. It was the fourth academic society in the United States to be organized around recognizing academic excellence, and it is the oldest all-discipline honor society. It is a member of the Honor Society Caucus.

Honor society
In the United States, an honor society is an organization that recognizes and promotes scholarship, leadership, service, research, professional accomplishment, or other forms of distinction. Membership standards vary by organization and may include academic performance, nomination, demonstrated contribution, or other defined criteria. Some youth, civic and professional organizations use similar recognition models; for example, the Order of the Arrow serves as an honor society within the Boy Scouts of America.
Kurima-jima
Kurima Island (来間島, Miyako: Ffima) is one of the Miyako Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.: 3  It is connected to the southeastern end of the Yonaha Maehama beach on the Miyako-jima island via 1,690 metres (1.05 miles) Kurima Bridge (来間大橋), which was opened on 13 March 1995.: 6

Miyako Islands
The Miyako Islands (宮古列島, Miyako-rettō; Miyako: Myaaku, Tarama dialect: Meeku, Okinawan: Naaku, Northern Ryukyuan: みやこ Miyako) (also Miyako Jima group) are a group of islands in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, belonging to the Ryukyu Islands. They are situated between Okinawa Island and the Yaeyama Islands.

In the early 1870s, the population of the islands was estimated to number approximately 10,000. Miyako Island has 55,914 people. A bridge connects Miyako Island to Ikema Island, which has 801 people. Tarama village has 1,214 people, between the two islands of Minna and Tarama.
South Mountain Oil Field
The South Mountain Oil Field is a large and productive oil field in Ventura County, California, in the United States, in and adjacent to the city of Santa Paula.  Discovered in 1916, and having a cumulative production of over 165 million barrels (26,200,000 m3) of oil out of its original 630 million, it is the 37th largest oil field in California and the second largest in Ventura County (after the Ventura field).  As of the beginning of 2009, it retains 316 active wells, and has an estimated 1.4 million barrels (220,000 m3) of oil remaining recoverable with current technology.  Vintage Production, a subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum, was the largest operator as of 2009.

Santa Paula, California
Santa Paula is a city in Ventura County, California, United States. Situated amid the orchards of the Santa Clara River Valley, the city advertises itself to tourists as the "Citrus Capital of the World". Santa Paula was one of the early centers of California's petroleum industry. The Union Oil Company Building, the founding headquarters of the Union Oil Company of California in 1890, now houses the California Oil Museum. The population was 30,657 at the 2020 census, up from 29,321 at the 2010 census.
Dutch–Ahanta War
The Dutch–Ahanta War was a conflict between the Netherlands and the Ahanta between 1837 and 1839. Beginning with a mere economic dispute between the Ahanta and the Dutch, who were based at the Dutch Gold Coast, the conflict ended with the hanging of Ahanta king Badu Bonsu II and the reorganization of the Ahanta state, establishing a Dutch protectorate over the Ahanta.

Dutch Gold Coast
The Dutch Gold Coast or Dutch Guinea, officially Dutch possessions on the Coast of Guinea (Dutch: Nederlandse Bezittingen ter Kuste van Guinea), was a portion of contemporary Ghana that was gradually colonized by the Dutch, beginning in 1612. The Dutch began trading in the area around 1598, joining the Portuguese which had a trading post there since the late 15th century. Eventually, the Dutch Gold Coast became the most important Dutch colony in West Africa after Fort Elmina was captured from the Portuguese in 1637, but fell into disarray after the abolition of the slave trade in the early 19th century. On 6 April 1872, the Dutch Gold Coast was, in accordance with the Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–71, ceded to the United Kingdom.
1st Flintshire Rifle Volunteers
The 1st Flintshire Rifle Volunteers, later 5th (Flintshire) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers, was a Welsh unit of the British Army's auxiliary forces. First raised in 1860, it fought as infantry at Gallipoli), in Egypt and Palestine during the First World War. Converted to the anti-tank role, it fought in the Battle of France, the Western Desert and Italy in the Second World War. It continued in the postwar Territorial Army until amalgamated with a neighbouring unit in 1956.

6th (Caernarvonshire and Anglesey) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers
The 6th (Caernarvonshire & Anglesey) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers, was a Welsh unit of the British Army's auxiliary forces. Formed in 1908, from Volunteer units that dated back to 1860, it fought  at Gallipoli, in Egypt and Palestine during World War I, and in the campaign in North West Europe during World War II. Postwar it was converted to the anti-aircraft artillery role, then reverted to infantry in 1956 after it amalgamated with a neighbouring unit.
Addington Raceway
Addington Raceway or The Met is the home of the Metropolitan Trotting Club in Addington, Christchurch in New Zealand.  The venue consists of a trotting track, a greyhound track, conference centre and restaurants. It is also home to many feature harness races such as: The New Zealand Trotting Cup and the Dominion Handicap.

The raceway forms part of a sporting complex that includes Rugby League Park and the Christchurch Arena.

Rugby League Park
Rugby League Park is a sports stadium in Christchurch, New Zealand. It is currently known for sponsorship reasons as Apollo Projects Stadium, and non-commercially as Christchurch Stadium.

The stadium was originally known as the Addington Showgrounds until 1997. Due to sponsorships since 2012 it was also named AMI Stadium and Orangetheory Stadium.

Rugby League Park is part of a complex with Wolfbrook Arena and Addington Raceway in the suburb of Addington.
Kinto
A kinto (Georgian: კინტო) was a trader or an unemployed person mostly occupied in entertaining others in  Georgian dukhans (restaurants), popular in Tbilisi in the 19th century and early in the 20th century.

The Georgian Kintouri (or kintauri) dance in based on the character of the kintos, and portrays them as cunning, swift, and informal. The dance is light-natured and fun to watch.

Recent research suggests that homosexuality was common among the kinto community and tolerated by the mainstream society, which did not care about the lives of these marginalized peoples. The kinto thus became a symbol of the  Tbilisi Pride movement.

Culture of Georgia (country)
The culture of Georgia has evolved over the country's long history, providing it with a unique national identity and a strong literary tradition based on the Georgian language and alphabet. This strong sense of national identity has helped to preserve Georgian distinctiveness despite repeated periods of foreign occupation.