hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miriam Braverman Memorial Prize
The Miriam Braverman Memorial Prize, named after librarian Miriam Braverman, is sponsored by the Progressive Librarians Guild (PLG).

The intent of the award is "to celebrate Miriam's spirit of activism and faith in the power of people's collective social justice efforts and inspire future generations of librarians." The Prize is awarded each year for the best graduate student paper about some aspect of the social responsibilities of librarians, libraries, or librarianship. Papers related to archivists, archives, and archival work are also eligible.

Every winning paper is published in the Progressive Librarian journal.

Progressive Librarians Guild
The Progressive Librarians Guild (PLG) was founded in New York City in January 1990 by librarians concerned with the library profession's "rapid drift into dubious alliances with business and the information industry, and into complacent acceptance of service to an unquestioned political, economic and cultural status quo," according to the organization's statement of purpose. The initial three organizers were Elaine Harger, Mark Rosenzweig and Elliot Shore. The PLG addresses issues especially relating to librarianship and human rights.
Gente Ruthenus, natione Polonus
Gente Ruthenus, natione Polonus  (Ruthenian origin, of Polish nationality) — a term describing the political and national self-identification of Polonized Ruthenians (modern Belarusians, Rusyns, Ukrainians).

Litvin
Litvin is a Slavic word for Lithuanians as well as all residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 13th–18th centuries in general, which began to be used no later than the 16th century mostly by the East Slavs. Currently, Litvin or its cognates are still used in some European languages for Lithuanians.
Ernst Deger
Ernst Deger (15 April 1809 – 27 January 1885) was a German religious artist, in the style of the Nazarene movement. He is considered to be the main representative of Christian art in the Düsseldorfer Malerschule.

Düsseldorf School of painting
The Düsseldorf School of painting is a term referring to a group of painters who taught or studied at the Düsseldorf Academy (now the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf or Düsseldorf State Art Academy) roughly between 1819 and 1918, first directed by the painter Wilhelm von Schadow.
Leader of the Opposition (Barbados)
The leader of the opposition of Barbados is the Member of Parliament who leads the Official Opposition in the Barbados Parliament. The leader of the opposition is the leader of the largest political party in the House of Assembly of Barbados that is not in government.

Leader of the Opposition
The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the opposition is typically seen as an alternative prime minister (or other similar office, such as premier, minister-president, first minister, or chief minister) to the incumbent; in the Westminster system, they head a rival alternative government known as the shadow cabinet or opposition front bench. The same term is also used to refer to the leader of the largest political party that is not in government in subnational state, provincial, and other regional and local legislatures.

The full title for the Leader of the Opposition is the Leader of His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition in the United Kingdom and in many Commonwealth realms.
Azi Schwartz
Azi Schwartz (Hebrew: עזי שוורץ; born September 1981) is an Israeli–American Jewish chazzan (cantor), vocal performer, and recording artist. Born in Israel, he lives in New York City, where he serves as the senior cantor of Park Avenue Synagogue. Schwartz performs concerts internationally and is a teacher of cantorial music.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.
Gliwice County
Gliwice County (Polish: powiat gliwicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Gliwice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Knurów, 8 km (5 mi) south of Gliwice, Pyskowice, 12 km (7 mi) north of Gliwice, Toszek, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Gliwice, and Sośnicowice, 10 km (6 mi) west of Gliwice.

The county covers an area of 663.35 square kilometres (256.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 115,571. The most populated towns are Knurów with 38,310 inhabitants and Pyskowice with 18,432 inhabitants.

Toszek
Toszek [ˈtɔʂɛk] (German: Tost) is a town in southern Poland. It is situated within Gliwice County in the Silesian Voivodeship (province), and its population was estimated at 3,600 inhabitants in 2019. It is situated on the Toszecki Potok River, a tributary of Kłodnica.
Qullqi Warani
Qullqi Warani (Aymara qullqi silver, also spelled Kollke Huarani) is a mountain in the Oruro Department in Bolivia at the border with Chile, north-west of the extinct Sajama volcano. It is situated in the Sajama Province, in the west of the Curahuara de Carangas Municipality. According to the Bolivian IGM map 1:50,000 'Nevados Payachata Hoja 5739-I' it lies entirely on Bolivian terrain. Qullqi Warani lies south-west of the mountains Jisk'a Kunturiri and Patilla Pata, north of Phaq'u Q'awa and south-east of Kunturiri. The little lakes Q'asiri Quta (Khasiri Kkota) and Sura Pata (Sora Pata, Sorapata) lie at its feet, east and north of it.

The river Junt'uma K'uchu (Aymara junt'u warm, hot, uma water, k'uchu corner, "warm water corner", Junthuma Khuchu) originates south of Qullqi Warani. It flows to the south-east as a right affluent of the Sajama River.

Phaq'u Q'awa (Sajama)
Phaq'u Q'awa is a mountain in the Cordillera Occidental in the Andes of Bolivia, about 5,380 metres (17,651 ft) high. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, in the west of the Curahuara de Carangas Municipality, northwest of the extinct Sajama volcano. It lies south of Qullqi Warani.

The river Junt'uma K'uchu (Aymara junt'u warm, hot, uma water, k'uchu corner, "warm water corner", Junthuma Khuchu) originates north of Phaq'u Q'awa. It flows to the southeast as a right affluent of the Sajama River.
Rough Range
Rough Range is a location in Western Australia where oil was discovered during an exploration drilling programme in 1953.

West Australian Petroleum (WAPET) drilled its first well at Rough Range near North West Cape in 1953. This well produced at a rate of 87 cubic metres per day (550 barrels per day), and was the first working well of Australia's commercial petroleum industry. Despite being abandoned as non-commercial in the mid 1950s, consideration was given in the 2000s to re-work the find.

North West Cape
North West Cape is a peninsula in the north-west of Western Australia. Cape Range runs down the spine of the peninsula and Ningaloo Reef runs along the western edge. It is in the Gascoyne region and includes the town of Exmouth.
The Seeds of Death
The Seeds of Death is the fifth serial of the sixth season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. Written by Brian Hayles and an uncredited Terrance Dicks and directed by Michael Ferguson, it originally aired in six weekly parts on BBC1 from 25 January to 1 March 1969. It sees the return of the Ice Warriors, previously introduced by Hayles in the 1967 serial The Ice Warriors.

The serial is set in London and on the Moon in the late 21st century. In the serial, the time traveller the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton) and his travelling companions Jamie McCrimmon (Frazer Hines) and Zoe Heriot (Wendy Padbury), along with the technicians Gia Kelly (Louise Pajo) and Phipps (Christopher Coll), try to prevent the Ice Warriors' plot to make the Earth's atmosphere inhospitable to humans but viable for the Ice Warriors to invade.

Doctor Who season 6
The sixth season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 10 August 1968 with the story The Dominators and ended Patrick Troughton's reign as the Doctor with its final story The War Games. Only 37 out of 44 episodes are held in the BBC archives; 7 remain missing. As a result, 2 serials are incomplete: only episode 2 of the 6-part story The Space Pirates still exists, while The Invasion has had its two missing episodes (episodes 1 and 4) reconstructed using animation.
Admiralty War Staff
The Admiralty War Staff was the former senior naval staff operational planning organisation within the British Admiralty that existed from 1912 to 1917. It was instituted on 8 January 1912 by Winston Churchill in his capacity as First Lord of the Admiralty and was in effect a war council whose head reported directly to the First Sea Lord. After the First World War ended, the War Staff was replaced by the Admiralty Naval Staff department.

Admiralty Naval Staff
The Admiralty Naval Staff was the former senior command, operational planning, policy and strategy department within the British Admiralty. It was established in 1917 and existed until 1964 when the department of the Admiralty was abolished. It was replaced by the Ministry of Defence (Naval Staff) as part of the Ministry of Defence Navy Department.
Arendal
Arendal (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɑ̂ːɳɖɑːɫ] ⓘ) is a municipality in Agder county in southeastern Norway. Arendal belongs to the region of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Arendal (which is also the seat of Agder county). Some of the notable villages in Arendal include Rykene, Eydehavn, Færvik, Strengereid, Kongshavn, Kilsund, Brattekleiv, Torsbudalen, Longum, Saltrød, Staubø, Vrengen, and Kolbjørnsvik. The offices of UNEP/GRID-Arendal are also located in the city of Arendal.

The 270-square-kilometre (100 sq mi) municipality is the 273rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Arendal is the 24th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 45,891. The municipality's population density is 179.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (466/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Saltrød
Saltrød is a village in Arendal municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the Norwegian County Road 410, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the town of Arendal and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of the village of Eydehavn. The village lies along the Tromøysundet strait, looking across the water towards the island of Tromøy. Stokken Church is located in Saltrød.
Altstadt, Hamburg
Altstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈaltˌʃtat] ⓘ, lit. 'Old town'), more precisely Hamburg-Altstadt – as not to be mistaken with Hamburg-Altona-Altstadt – is one of the inner-city districts of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany.

Hamburg Parliament
The Hamburg Parliament (German: Hamburgische Bürgerschaft; literally “Hamburgish Citizenry” or, more poetically, “Hamburgish Burgessry”) is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Hamburg according to the constitution of Hamburg. As of 2025 there are 121 sitting members, representing 17 electoral districts. The parliament is situated in the city hall Hamburg Rathaus and is part of the Government of Hamburg.

The parliament is among other things responsible for the law, the election of the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) for the election period and the control of the Senate (cabinet).

The President of the Hamburg Parliament is the highest official person of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.

Its members are elected in universal, direct, free, equal and secret elections every five years.
Islam in Belgium
Islam is the second-largest religion in Belgium, after Christianity. The exact number of Muslims in Belgium is unknown but various sources estimate that 4.0% to 7.6% of the country's population adheres to Islam. The first registered presence of Islam in Belgium was in 1829, but most Belgian Muslims are first-, second-, or third-generation immigrants that arrived after the 1960s.

Turks in Belgium
Turks in Belgium (Turkish: Belçika'daki Türkler; Dutch: Turkse gemeenschap in België; French: Turcs en Belgique), also referred to as Turkish Belgians or Belgian Turks (Turkish: Belçika Türkleri; Dutch: Turkse Belgen; French: Belgo-Turcs) are people of full or partial Turkish ethnicity living in Belgium. The majority of Belgian Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey; however, there has also been significant Turkish migration from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to Belgium from the Balkans (especially from Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Romania), the island of Cyprus, and more recently Iraq and Syria.
Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën
Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën, formerly Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile Co., Ltd. (DPCA) from 1992 to 2021, is an equally owned Chinese joint venture between the automobile manufacturers Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Stellantis (known as PSA Peugeot Citroën at the time of the formation of the joint venture). Based in Wuhan, capital of Hubei province, it manufactures Peugeot and Citroën models for sale in China.

Its cars are well liked by consumers, and the Citroën brand received one of the highest scores in a 2014 customer satisfaction survey done by JD Power in China.

Not all Stellantis products sold in China were sold or manufactured by its joint venture with Dongfeng; DS Automobiles models were once the domain of the former Changan PSA joint venture with Changan Automobile.

DPCA also produces Dongfeng Fengshen-branded consumer vehicles in the same factories that manufacture the Stellantis models these private label cars are based on.

Changan PSA
Changan PSA (officially Changan PSA Automobiles Co., Ltd., informally CAPSA) was an automobile company headquartered in Shenzhen, China, a 50:50 joint venture between Changan Automobile and Groupe PSA. Its principal activity was the manufacture and sale of DS Automobiles branded passenger cars for China.

Changan PSA was Groupe PSA's second automobile joint venture in China, after Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën. Centering on a newly built production base in Shenzhen, it had an annual production capacity of 200,000 vehicles.
Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty
The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty, also known as the Moscow Peace Treaty, was signed between Lithuania and Soviet Russia on July 12, 1920. In exchange for Lithuania's neutrality and permission to move its troops in the territory that was recognised during its war against Poland, Soviet Russia recognized the sovereignty of Lithuania. The treaty was a major milestone in Lithuania's struggle for international recognition and recognised Lithuania's eastern borders. Interwar Lithuania officially maintained that its de jure borders were those delineated by the treaty although a large territory, the Vilnius Region, was actually controlled by Poland.

Ratification documents were exchanged in Moscow on October 14, 1920. The treaty was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on March 8, 1921.

Suwałki Region
Suwałki Region (Polish: Suwalszczyzna[a] [suvalʂt͡ʂɨzna] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Suvalkų kraštas, Suvalkija) is a historical region around the city of Suwałki in northeastern Poland near the border with Lithuania. It encompasses the powiats of Augustów, Suwałki, and Sejny, and roughly corresponds to the southern part of the former Suwałki Governorate.

The region was disputed between Poland and Lithuania after their re-emergence as independent states following World War I. This dispute along with the Vilnius question was the cause of the Polish–Lithuanian War and the Sejny Uprising. The area has since been part of Poland, with the exception of the German and Soviet occupation during World War II. The Suwałki Region remains as the center of the Lithuanian minority in Poland.
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), commonly known as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The newspaper provides extensive coverage of news, especially business and finance. It operates on a subscription model, requiring readers to pay for access to most of its articles and content. The Journal is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corp.

As of 2025, The Wall Street Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by print circulation, with 412,000 print subscribers. It has 4.13 million digital subscribers, the second-most in the nation after The New York Times. The newspaper is one of the United States' newspapers of record. The first issue of the newspaper was published on July 8, 1889. The editorial page of the Journal is typically center-right in its positions. The newspaper has won 39 Pulitzer Prizes.

Robert Bartley
Robert Leroy Bartley (October 12, 1937 – December 10, 2003) was the editor of the editorial page of The Wall Street Journal for more than 30 years. He won a Pulitzer Prize for opinion writing and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from the Bush administration in 2003.  Bartley, a graduate of Iowa State University, was famed for providing a conservative interpretation of the news every day, especially regarding economic issues.  The Forbes Media Guide Five Hundred, 1994 states:

According to Forbes tabloid, editor Bartley's influence stems largely from his intelligent, fearless editorship of the Journal's editorial and op-ed pages. Robert L. Bartley Fellowships are named in his honor.
Playdays
Playdays (known as Playbus until December 1989) is an English pre-school television programme which ran from 1988 to 1997 on Children's BBC. The show was the successor to Play School and, like its predecessor, was designed as an educational programme.

The show's name was changed after the BBC received a complaint from the National Playbus Association.

In 2002, reruns were moved to the new CBeebies channel until August 2004.

BBC Children's and Education
BBC Children's and Education is the BBC division responsible for media content for children in the UK. Since the launch of specially dedicated television channels in 2002, the services have been marketed under two brands. CBBC (short for Children's BBC or initialed for Children's British Broadcasting Corporation) is aimed at children aged between 6 and 12, and CBeebies offers content for younger viewers.

Unlike CBeebies, the CBBC brand predates the launch of these channels all the way back to when it was just a children's block on the main channel BBC, when it was also the brand name used for all of the BBC's children's programmes. CBBC broadcasts from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm (previously 7:00 am to 9:00 pm from 16 April 2016 until 4 January 2022) and CBeebies broadcasts from 6:00 am to 7:00 pm, respectively timesharing with BBC Three for CBBC and BBC Four for CBeebies. The brands also have dedicated websites, social media channels, and over-the-top media services on BBC iPlayer.
1974 Tower of London bombing
The 1974 Tower of London bombing happened on 17 July 1974 with the explosion of a 10–14-pound (4.5–6.4 kg) bomb in the White Tower of the Tower of London. The blast left one person dead and injured 41 people, with many having lost limbs and suffering severe facial injuries. The victim who died was Dorothy Household. At the time the Tower was busy with tourists. A dozen of the injuries were children. A scaffolding company working on the tower when the bomb detonated were able to act immediately to form the evacuation, ensuring the wounded were taken out of the building to safety and could gain urgent medical attention. The bomb was placed next to a wooden carriage of an 18th-century bronze cannon inside the Mortar Room. The gun carriage was destroyed.

No group ever claimed responsibility for the attack, but it was widely believed the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) was behind it. A month before the bomb, the IRA bombed the Houses of Parliament.

White Tower (Tower of London)
The White Tower is a former royal residence, the old keep, at the Tower of London in England. It was built by William the Conqueror during the early 1080s, and subsequently extended. The White Tower was the castle's strongest point militarily, provided accommodation for the king and his representatives, and housed a chapel. Henry III ordered the tower whitewashed in 1240. Today the Tower of London is a museum and visitor attraction. The White Tower now houses the Royal Armouries collections.
Mount Lister
Mount Lister (78°04′S 162°41′E﻿ / ﻿78.067°S 162.683°E﻿ / -78.067; 162.683﻿ (Mount Lister)) is a massive mountain, 4,025 metres (13,205 ft) high, forming the highest point in the Royal Society Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. 
It was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–1904) which named it for Lord Joseph Lister, President of the Royal Society, 1895–1900.

Ferrar Glacier
The Ferrar Glacier (77°46′S 163°00′E﻿ / ﻿77.767°S 163.000°E﻿ / -77.767; 163.000) is a glacier in Antarctica. It is about 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) long, flowing from the plateau of Victoria Land west of the Royal Society Range to New Harbour in McMurdo Sound. 
The glacier makes a right (east) turn northeast of Knobhead, where it where it is apposed, i.e., joined in Siamese-twin fashion, to Taylor Glacier.
From there, it continues east along the south side of Kukri Hills to New Harbor.
Aston le Walls
Aston le Walls is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, close by the border with Oxfordshire. The village is about 9 miles (14.5 km) north of Banbury in Oxfordshire, and 10 miles (16.1 km) south of Daventry. Neighbouring villages are Chipping Warden, Lower Boddington Upper Boddington and Byfield. According to the 2001 census the village had a population of 334 falling to 293 at the 2011 census.

West Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire is one of two unitary authority areas in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. It contains the county town of Northampton, as well as the towns of Daventry, Brackley and Towcester, and the large villages of Brixworth and Long Buckby; the rest of the area is predominantly agricultural villages though it has many lakes and small woodlands.

West Northamptonshire was created in 2021 as part of local government restructuring from the previous non-metropolitan districts of Northampton, Daventry and South Northamptonshire.

The West Coast Main Line and the M1 and M40 motorways pass through the district, and it includes the site of the Roman town of Bannaventa and the grade I listed Althorp House and its estate.