hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nitrolic acid
Nitrolic acids are organic compounds with the functional group RC(NO2)=NOH.  They are prepared by the reaction of nitroalkanes with base and nitrite sources:

RCH2NO2  +  HNO2  →   RC(NO2)=NOH  +  H2O

The conversion was first demonstrated by Victor Meyer using nitroethane.  The reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of the nitronate anion.

Nitro compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, C−H bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution.  Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid.
Downie River
The Downie River is an approximately 5.5 mi (8.9 km) tributary of the North Yuba River in Sierra County, California, in the United States. The river originates from the confluence of the West Branch Downie River and Rattlesnake Creek in the Tahoe National Forest, and flows south to its confluence with the North Yuba at Downieville. The river drains a mountainous watershed of about 34 sq mi (88 km2) in the northern Sierra Nevada. Tributaries include Lavezzola Creek and Pauley Creek, which both join the Downie from the left shortly above the mouth.

The river and town are named after Scottish prospector William Downie, who settled here in 1850.

Downieville, California
Downieville is a census-designated place in and the county seat of Sierra County, California, United States. Downieville is on the North Fork of the Yuba River, at an elevation of 2,966 feet (904 m). The 2020 United States census reported Downieville's population was 290.
Sawbridgeworth Marsh
Sawbridgeworth Marsh is a 6.3-hectare (16-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) near Sawbridgeworth in Hertfordshire, apart from a small area in the north which is in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust. The planning authorities are East Hertfordshire District Council and Uttlesford District Council.

The site is a river valley marsh close to the River Stort, which has a varied wetland flora. Grazing and cutting of the marsh in rotation maintain biological diversity. The site also has an important wetland fauna and many moth species. Uncommon plants include marsh willowherb, marsh valerian and marsh arrow-grass, and drainage ditches and two ponds have a rich aquatic life.

The site is always open and there is access from Hallingbury Road.

Sawbridgeworth
Sawbridgeworth (traditionally /ˈsæpswəθ/ SAPS-wəth or /-səθ/ SAPS-əth, now also /ˈsɔːbrɪdʒwɜːθ/ SAW-brij-wurth) is a town and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England, close to the border with Essex. It is 12 miles (19 km) east of the county town of Hertford and 9 miles (14 km) north of Epping. It is the northernmost part of the Greater London Built-up Area.
Non-Euclidean geometry
In mathematics, non-Euclidean geometry consists of two geometries based on axioms closely related to those that specify Euclidean geometry. As Euclidean geometry lies at the intersection of metric geometry and affine geometry, non-Euclidean geometry arises by either replacing the parallel postulate with an alternative, or consideration of quadratic forms other than the definite quadratic forms associated with metric geometry. In the former case, one obtains hyperbolic geometry and elliptic geometry, the traditional non-Euclidean geometries. When isotropic quadratic forms are admitted, then there are affine planes associated with the planar algebras, which give rise to kinematic geometries that have also been called non-Euclidean geometry.

Flatterland
Flatterland is a 2001 book written by mathematician and science popularizer Ian Stewart about non-Euclidean geometry. It was written as a sequel to Flatland, an 1884 novel that discussed different dimensions.
Dalocha (woreda)
Dalocha is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Silt'e Zone, Dalocha is bordered on the south by Sankurra, on the west by Wulbareg, on the north by Silte, and on the east by Lanfro. Towns in Dalocha include Dalocha. Western part of Dalocha was used to create Wulbareg woreda.

Dalocha has 32 kilometers of all-weather roads and 36 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 98 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.

Wulbareg
Wulbareg is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named after the sub-group of the Siltʼe people . Part of the Siltʼe Zone, Wulbareg is bordered on the southwest by the Hadiya Zone, on the west by Misraq Azernet Berbere, on the north by Alicho Werero, on the northeast by Silte, on the east by Dalocha, and on the south by Sankurra. It was created from parts of Dalocha and Silte woredas.
Mount Manning Range Nature Reserve
Mount Manning Range Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in the Goldfields region of Western Australia north of Southern Cross in the area known as the Northern Yilgarn, in the Coolgardie bioregion. It originally covered an area of 170,000 hectares (420,000 acres), but, as of 2022, its size stands at 36,607 hectares (90,460 acres).

The Mount Manning Range is located inside the reserve.

On 14 May 2007 EPA Bulletin 1256 proposed an A Class Nature Reserve to be established.

It was announced in September 2010.

The reserve is one of a number of reserves being incorporated into the Northern Yilgarn Conservation Reserves Management Plan.
The other reserves are Mount Elvire Conservation Park, Die Hardy Range Nature Reserve, Diemals/Mount Jackson/Windaring, and Juardi Conservation Park.

Additionally, a Mount Manning Range Conservation Park also exists, which was established in 2005 with a size of 146,935 hectares (363,080 acres).

Northern Yilgarn
Northern Yilgarn is an area at the juncture of the Shire of Yilgarn, Shire of Menzies and Shire of Coolgardie in Western Australia, north of Koolyanobbing.

It is an area with rich mineral deposits, including uranium.

It lies at the area located east of the eastern Wheatbelt region, and is a significant area for conservation reserves.

Existing or proposed reserves include:

Jaurdi Conservation Park

Helena and Aurora Range Nature reserve

Mount Manning Nature Reserve

Die Hardy/Jackson/Windarling Range Nature Reserve

Mount Elvire Conservation Park
Diselma
Diselma archeri (dwarf pine or Cheshunt pine) is a species of plant of the family Cupressaceae and the sole species in the genus Diselma. It is endemic to the alpine regions of Tasmania's southwest and Central Highlands, on the western coast ranges and Lake St. Clair. It is a monotypic genus restricted to high altitude rainforest and moist alpine heathland. Its distribution mirrors very closely that of other endemic Tasmanian conifers Microcachrys tetragona and Pherosphaera hookeriana.

Pherosphaera hookeriana
Pherosphaera hookeriana, or Mount Mawson pine (previously known as Microstrobos niphophilus), is a dwarf conifer endemic to Tasmania, at altitudes above 600 meters. There are roughly 30 known sites, with population numbers in the tens of thousands. The species occurs in a range of habitats typically in areas near water bodies, mostly on dolerite derived soils. The species is highly fire sensitive and an increase in fire events associated with climate change may lead to local extinction and fragmentation of habitat.
Fruit Salad (confectionery)
Fruit Salad is a type of "raspberry & pineapple flavour chew" according to its packaging. It is a chewy confectionery. Fruit Salad is manufactured by Barratt in Spain.

While still manufactured under Tangerine Confectionery, Fruit Salad chews were rebranded from Barratt to 'Candy Land' and the packaging, most notably the outer box, had been redesigned. They have since reverted to the Barratt brand.

From 2019 the fruit salad sweet no longer contains gelatine and is suitable for vegetarians.

Barratt (confectionery)
Barratt is a confectionery brand in the United Kingdom, known for products including DipDab, Refreshers, Sherbet Fountain, Fruit Salad, Black Jack and Wham.

Barratt & Co. was established in London in 1848 by George Osborne Barratt. By 1906 it was the largest confectionery manufacturer in the world.

It became a limited company in 1909, and was acquired by Bassett's in 1966, then by Cadbury Schweppes in 1989 and by Tangerine Confectionery (since renamed Valeo Confectionery) in 2008.
Steve Katz (writer)
Steve Katz (May 14, 1935 – August 4, 2019) was an American writer. He is considered an early post-modern or avant-garde writer for works such as The Exagggerations of Peter Prince (1968), and Saw (1972). His collection of stories, Creamy & Delicious (1970), was mentioned in Larry McCaffery's list of the 100 greatest books of the 20th century where it was named "The most extreme and perfectly executed fictional work to emerge from the Pop Art scene of the late 60s."

Fiction Collective Two
Fiction Collective Two (FC2) is an author-run, not-for-profit publisher of avant-garde, experimental fiction supported in part by the University of Utah, the University of Alabama Press, Central Michigan University, Illinois State University, private contributors, arts organizations and foundations, and contest fees.

FC2 is "devoted to publishing fiction considered by America's largest publishers too challenging, innovative, or heterodox for the commercial milieu ... FC2's mission has been and remains to publish books of high quality and exceptional ambition whose styles, subject matter, or forms push the limits of American publishing and reshape our literary culture."
Legehida
Legehidha (also called Beltu Kurkurru) is one of the woredas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. Part of the Bale Zone, Legehidha is bordered on the south by Seweyna, on the southwest by Gololcha, and all other sides by the Shebelle River which separates this woreda from the West Hararghe Zone on the northwest, the East Hararghe Zone on the northeast and from the Somali Region on the east. The administrative center of the woreda is Beltu; other towns in Legehidha nearly Sheikh Hussein.

Overview Laga Hidha District (Beltu Kurkurru) is one of the desert districts in Eastern Bale Zone and is located 676 km from the capital city of Finfinnee.   It is located 108km from Gindhir, the capital of East Bale zone;  The land area is approximately 615,715 km² and the district is located at an altitude of 1280~1800 km above sea level.  Flatland 63.6%, Outlying 29.6,% Hilly 4.1%, Mountainous 0.3% and Caffeine _2.4 Climate:- Moderate temperature

Seweyna
Seweyna is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Located in the eastern part of the Bale Zone, Seweyna is bordered on the south by Raytu, on the southwest by Ginir, on the northwest by Gaserana Gololcha, on the north by Legehida, and on the east by the Somali Region. Towns in Seweyna include Hada.
Sergey Gorodetsky
Sergey Mitrofanovich Gorodetsky (Russian: Серге́й Митрофа́нович Городе́цкий, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej mʲɪtrɐˈfanəvʲɪdʑ ɡərɐˈdʲetskʲɪj] ⓘ; January 17 [O.S. January 5] 1884 – June 8, 1967) was a Russian poet. He was one of the founders (together with Nikolay Gumilev) of "Guild of Poets" (Цех поэтов). He was born in Saint Petersburg, and died in Obninsk.

Gorodetsky entered the literary scene as a Symbolist, developing friendships with Alexander Blok, Vyacheslav Ivanov, and Valery Briusov. Following his brief stint with Symbolists, Gorodetsky began to associate with younger poets, forming the Acmeist group with Nikolai Gumilev, Anna Akhmatova, and Osip Mandelshtam. Subsequently, abandoning yet another group, he welcomed the Bolshevik revolution as a Soviet poet.

Osip Mandelstam
Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (Russian: Осип Эмильевич Мандельштам, IPA: [ˈosʲɪp ɨˈmʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ mənʲdʲɪlʲˈʂtam]; 14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1891 – 27 December 1938) was a Russian and Soviet poet. He was one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school.

Osip Mandelstam was arrested during the repressions of the 1930s and sent into internal exile with his wife, Nadezhda Mandelstam. Given a reprieve of sorts, they moved to Voronezh in southwestern Russia. In 1938, Mandelstam was arrested again and sentenced to five years in a corrective-labour camp in the Soviet Far East. He died that year at a transit camp near Vladivostok.
Sicilian Centre of Documentation
The Sicilian Centre of Documentation (Italian: Centro Siciliano di Documentazione "Giuseppe Impastato", Centro Impastato) organizes research into the Mafia in Sicily and campaigns against it. The Centre was the first study centre on the Mafia in Italy.

Giuseppe Impastato
Giuseppe "Peppino" Impastato (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe pepˈpiːno impaˈstaːto]; 5 January 1948 – 9 May 1978), was an Italian political activist who opposed the Mafia, which ordered his murder in 1978.
Arcade controller
An arcade controller (commonly referred to as an arcade stick) is a collective set of input devices designed primarily for use in an arcade cabinet. A typical control set consists of a joystick and a number of push-buttons. Less common setups include devices such as trackballs or steering wheels. These devices are generally produced under the assumption that they will be used in commercial settings, such as in video arcades, where they may be heavily or roughly used. Durability is one of the distinguishing characteristics of "authentic" arcade parts when compared with numerous, low-cost arcade imitations designed for private use in the home.

Arcade cabinet
An arcade cabinet, also known as an arcade machine or a coin-op cabinet or coin-op machine, is the housing within which an arcade game's electronic hardware resides. Most cabinets designed since the mid-1980s conform to the Japanese Amusement Machine Manufacturers Association (JAMMA) wiring standard. Some include additional connectors for features not included in the standard.
Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Brabant
Margaret of Flanders (died 3 July 1285) was a Duchess consort of Brabant. She was the daughter of Guy of Dampierre and his first wife Matilda of Béthune.

Margaret married John I, Duke of Brabant in 1273. She was the mother of:

Godfrey (1273/74 – aft. 13 September 1283).

John II of Brabant (1275–1312).

Margaret of Brabant (4 October 1276 – 14 December 1311, Genoa), married 9 June 1292 to Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor.

Marie (d. after 2 December 1338), married to Count Amadeus V of Savoy.

John I, Duke of Brabant
John I, also called John the Victorious (1252/53 – 3 May 1294) was Duke of Brabant (1267–1294), Lothier and Limburg (1288–1294). During the 13th century, John I was venerated as a folk hero. He has been painted as the perfect model of a brave, adventurous and chivalrous feudal prince.
United World College, USA
The United World College, USA (UWC-USA) is a United World College school in Montezuma, New Mexico, United States. It was founded in 1982, with financial support from businessman Armand Hammer.

UWC-USA is a two-year, independent, co-educational boarding school accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest, serving high school students aged 16 to 19 from around the world, many on scholarships.

Independent Schools Association of the Southwest
The Independent Schools Association of the Southwest (ISAS) is a nonprofit association of 89 independent schools located in the U.S. states of Arizona, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. ISAS is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) Commission on Accreditation.
Grafton Manor
Grafton Manor (13 miles north-east of Worcester and 2 1/2 miles south-west of Bromsgrove, Worcestershire)  was established before the Norman Conquest. Grafton means "settlement at or near the wood" and may indicate a role in woodland management within a larger estate, for instance.

For a time, in the reigns of Henry II to Edward I, it was subject to forest law as part of the Forest of Feckenham.

The Lords of the Manor were influential figures in medieval and early modern Worcestershire, with a number becoming High Sheriffs or Members of Parliament for Worcestershire. A few were also national figures, especially the Talbots and Earls of Shrewsbury. Grafton was connected with Catholic worship in the County after the Reformation.

The house is now a listed building in the modern Civil parish of Dodford with Grafton in the Bromsgrove District of Worcestershire.

Earl of Shrewsbury
Earl of Shrewsbury (/ˈʃroʊzbəri/) is a hereditary title of nobility created twice in the Peerage of England. The second earldom dates to 1442. The holder of the Earldom of Shrewsbury also holds the title of Earl of Waterford (1446) in the Peerage of Ireland and Earl Talbot (1784) in the Peerage of Great Britain. Shrewsbury and Waterford are the oldest earldoms in their peerages held by someone with no higher title (the oldest earldoms in each peerage being held by the Duke of Norfolk and Duke of Leinster), and as such the Earl of Shrewsbury is sometimes described as the premier earl of England and Ireland.
South Core, Toronto
South Core is a neighbourhood located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The South Core occupies the eastern portions of the Railway Lands. The remodeling and restoration of Union Station and the construction of a new wave of business and condominium towers is central to this area's forecast growth.

Forecasters expect the downtown population to grow 80 per cent to 130,000 by 2031. With the financial district just to the north and the new high-rise South Core on the other side, Union is right at the centre.

Love Park is a new two-acres park in the area formerly site of York-Bay ramps that were removed to make room for the park.

Downtown Toronto
Downtown Toronto is the main city centre of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located entirely within the district of Old Toronto, it is approximately 16.6 square kilometres (6.4 sq mi) in area, bordered by Bloor Street to the northeast, a Canadian Pacific Railway line to the northwest, Lake Ontario to the south, the Don Valley to the east, and Bathurst Street to the west. It is also the home of the municipal government of Toronto and the Government of Ontario.

The area showcases Canada's largest concentration of skyscrapers and businesses that form Toronto's skyline. Since 2022, downtown Toronto had the second most skyscrapers in North America exceeding 200 metres (656 ft) in height, behind only Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
Qaraməmmədli, Gadabay
Qaraməmmədli (also, Karamamedli) is a village and municipality in the Gadabay Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 1,491.  The municipality consists of the villages of Qaraməmmədli, Dikdaş, and Kəsəmən.

Qızıltorpaq
40°37′14″N 45°39′45″E﻿ / ﻿40.62056°N 45.66250°E﻿ / 40.62056; 45.66250

Qızıltorpaq (known as Dikdaş until 2011) is a village in the Gadabay Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Qaraməmmədli.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sheridan County, Nebraska
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sheridan County, Nebraska.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Sheridan County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 10 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 14, 2025.

Sheridan County, Nebraska
Sheridan County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 5,127. Its county seat is Rushville. The county was formed in 1885, and was named for General Philip H. Sheridan. In the Nebraska license plate system, Sheridan County is represented by the prefix 61 (it had the sixty-first-largest number of vehicles registered in the state when the license plate system was established in 1922).
Gateway Design Automation
"Verilog HDL originated at Automated Integrated Design Systems (later renamed as Gateway  Design Automation) in 1985. The company was privately held at that time by Dr. Prabhu Goel, the inventor of the PODEM (Path-Oriented Decision Making) test generation algorithm. Verilog HDL was designed by Phil Moorby, who was later to become the Chief Designer for Verilog-XL and the first Corporate Fellow at Cadence Design Systems. Gateway Design Automation grew rapidly with the success of Verilog-XL and was finally acquired by Cadence Design Systems, San Jose, CA in 1989."

Cadence Design Systems
Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (stylized as cādence) is an American multinational technology and computational software company headquartered in San Jose, California.  Initially specialized in electronic design automation (EDA) software for the semiconductor industry, currently the company makes software and hardware for designing products such as integrated circuits, systems on chips (SoCs), printed circuit boards, and pharmaceutical drugs, also licensing intellectual property for the electronics, aerospace, defense and automotive industries.
CT-Cyber Crime Investigation, Dhaka Metropolitan Police
The CT-Cyber Crime Investigation, former Cyber Security & Crime Division, commonly known as the Cyber Crime Unit, is a division of Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime is operated under Dhaka Metropolitan Police of Bangladesh Police. The main function of this division is to counter terrorism in cyber space. It also patrol, prevent, detect and investigate cyber-terrorism and cyber-crime in Dhaka.

Dhaka Metropolitan Police
The Dhaka Metropolitan Police (Bengali: ঢাকা মেট্রোপলিটন পুলিশ, romanized: Ḍhākā mēṭrōpaliṭana puliśa; abbreviated as DMP) is the primary metropolitan unit of the Bangladesh Police, responsible for law enforcement, public safety, and crime prevention within the metropolis of Dhaka, the capital and most populous city of Bangladesh. Established in 1976 under the Dhaka Metropolitan Police Ordinance, DMP oversees policing operations, administration, and coordination with other law enforcement and emergency agencies in the city. The force is headed by a Police Commissioner who manages all operational and administrative functions.
Erakah
Erakah is a New Zealand R&B and soul singer. In 2009, she featured on R&B singer J.Williams single "Your Style" of his album Young Love.
Inspired by Soul music Erakah states Alicia Keys, Lily Allen, Beyoncé and Brandy as influences on her musical style.
She released her debut album, Infatuated, on 21 March 2011. Erakah is now a regular backup singer for Stan Walker. In 2011, she performed at Mika's Aroha Mardi Gras TV Special.

J. Williams (singer)
Joshua Elia Williams (born 3 September 1986), known by his stage name J. Williams, is a New Zealand R&B recording artist and professional hip-hop dancer. He made his musical debut in 2008 with "Blow Your Mind" which peaked at number 13 on the New Zealand Singles Chart. In early 2009 his debut album Young Love  was released with the single "You Got Me"  featuring Scribe. It was certified platinum and became the #1 selling single of 2010 in New Zealand.