hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Super black
Super black is a surface treatment developed at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the United Kingdom. It absorbs approximately 99.6% of visible light at normal incidence, while conventional black paint absorbs about 97.5%. At other angles of incidence, super black is even more effective: at an angle of 45°, it absorbs 99.9% of light.

Vantablack
Vantablack is a class of super-black coatings with total hemispherical reflectances (THR) below 1% in the visible spectrum. The name is a compound of the acronym VANTA (vertically aligned nanotube arrays) and black.

The original Vantablack coating was grown from a chemical vapour deposition process (CVD) and is claimed to be the "world's darkest material", absorbing up to 99.965% of visible light measured perpendicular to the material. The coatings are unique in that they are super-black and retain uniform light absorption from almost all viewing angles. Original CVD Vantablack is no longer manufactured for commercial applications as it has been superseded by Vantablack spray coatings that offer similar optical performance in key parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Rancho Santa Gertrudes
Rancho Santa Gertrudes was a 21,298-acre (86.19 km2) 1834 Mexican land grant, in present-day Los Angeles County, California, resulting from a partition of Rancho Los Nietos. A former site of Nacaugna, the rancho lands included the present-day cities of Downey, Santa Fe Springs and the northern part of Norwalk.

Downey, California
Downey is a city in southeastern Los Angeles County, California, United States, 13 mi (21 km) southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. It is considered part of the Gateway Cities. The city is the birthplace of the Apollo space program and Taco Bell. It is also the home of the oldest operating McDonald's restaurant in the world. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 114,355.
Polychrome
Polychrome is the "practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors." The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, pottery, or sculpture in multiple colors.

When looking at artworks and architecture from antiquity and the European Middle Ages, people tend to believe that they were monochrome. In reality, the pre-Renaissance past was full of colour, and Greco-Roman sculptures and Gothic cathedrals, that are now white, beige, or grey, were initially painted in a variety of colours. As André Malraux stated: "Athens was never white but her statues, bereft of color, have conditioned the artistic sensibilities of Europe [...] the whole past has reached us colorless." Polychrome was and is a practice not limited only to the Western world. Non-Western artworks, like Chinese temples, Oceanian Uli figures, or Maya ceramic vases, were also decorated with colours.

Putto
A putto (Italian: [ˈputto]; plural putti [ˈputti]) is a figure in a work of art depicted as a chubby male child, usually naked and very often winged. Originally limited to profane passions in symbolism, the putto came to represent a sort of baby angel in religious art, often called a cherub (plural cherubim), though in traditional Christian theology, a cherub is actually one of the most senior types of angel.

The same figures were also seen in representations of classical myth, and increasingly in general decorative art. In Baroque art the putto came to represent the omnipresence of God. A putto representing a cupid is also called an amorino (plural amorini) or amoretto (plural amoretti).
Wilkes, Portland, Oregon
Wilkes is the northeasternmost neighborhood in Portland, Oregon, bordered on the north by the Columbia River and on the east by the city of Gresham, where it expands into the city as the neighborhood of Wilkes East. It adjoins the neighborhoods of Argay, Russell, and Hazelwood on the west, and Glenfair on the south. Interstate 84 runs through the middle of the neighborhood.

Wilkes is a mostly suburban and residential neighborhood in the south, but has many business parks and industrial space north of Sandy Boulevard.

Russell, Portland, Oregon
Russell is a neighborhood in the northeast section of Portland, Oregon, United States. Russell lies between Interstate 84 on the north and NE Halsey St. on the south, and between NE 122nd Ave on the west and NE 142nd Ave. on the east. It borders Argay on the north, Wilkes on the east, Hazelwood on the south, and Parkrose Heights on the west.

Russell is the location of Linfield University's Portland Campus and Portland Christian Jr/Sr High School, as well as John Luby Park and Thompson Park.
Gavrilov (crater)
Gavrilov is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the south of the heavily eroded crater Vernadskiy, and north of Vetchinkin.

This is a circular and relatively symmetric crater formation with some erosion of the outer rim. There are some small craterlets in the eastern half of the interior, and a small central rise near the midpoint.

Vernadskiy (crater)
Vernadskiy is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon, behind the visible eastern limb. It lies to the west-northwest of the smaller crater Siedentopf. To the south is Gavrilov, and much farther to the west is Meggers.

This is a formation that has seen better days. The outer rim has been bombarded by a myriad of lesser impacts, producing an eroded and irregular edge. Attached to the outer rim to the northeast is the crater Florensky, an equally worn crater. The interior floor of Vernadskiy is also marked by a number of small impacts, although in general it is more level than the uneven terrain that surrounds the crater.

In some sources the name is spelled as Vernadskyy, Vernadskij, or Vernadsky. The spelling followed in this article is that adopted by the IAU in 1970. The crater is named in honour of Vladimir Vernadsky, a Soviet mineralogist.
Brisbane Street, Perth
Brisbane Street is a major cross street located in the suburb of Perth. It runs from Palmerston Street through to Bulwer Street, and intersects major roads Lake Street, William Street, and Beaufort Street. The section between Beaufort Street and Stirling Street was called Padbury Street until circa 1917. The street was named after Thomas Brisbane, Governor of New South Wales.

"Among other streets which Dr Battye said were named after English and Colonial public men were Aberdeen, Newcastle, Brisbane, Bulwer (Bulwer-Lyton), Moore, Short, Hill, Irwin, Hutt and Milligan Streets and Harvest Terrace."

The street had the McDowall's service station, as well as a Methodist church.

Beaufort Street
Beaufort Street is a major road in the inner north-eastern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia, connecting the Morley area to the Perth central business district. For most of its length, it is a single-carriageway, two-way road with two lanes in each direction.

The street played host to the community focused Beaufort Street Festival from 2010 to 2015. In 2013, over 120,000 people attended the festival, making it one of Perth's largest street festivals.
Świętokrzyska metro station
Świętokrzyska (Polish pronunciation: [ɕfjɛntɔˈkʂɨska]) is a transfer station on Lines M1 and M2 of the Warsaw Metro, located under the crossing of Świętokrzyska and Marszałkowska streets in the borough of Śródmieście. The station on M1 was opened on 11 May 2001 as part of the extension of M1 north from Centrum to Ratusz. Świętokrzyska has a non-revenue track that connects Lines M1 and M2 in order for M2 rolling stock to access Kabaty depot on M1 while the new Karolin depot on M2 is being built, and is the only interchange station between M1 and M2 metro lines.
The station on the second metro line fully opened for passenger use on 8 March 2015 as part of the inaugural stretch of Line M2 between Rondo Daszyńskiego and Dworzec Wileński. It was designed by Polish architect Andrzej M. Chołdzyński and constructed by Metroprojekt. Murals were created by Wojciech Fangor, artist of the Polish School of Posters.

Świętokrzyska Street, Warsaw
Ulica Świętokrzyska (Holy Cross Street) in Warsaw's city centre is one of the Polish city's principal thoroughfares. It links the city's centre with Wola borough.

The street is named for Holy Cross Church, which stands on Krakowskie Przedmieście. Named after the street are a Warsaw Metro station and the Świętokrzyski Bridge.

The street was closed to traffic and trams from 2011 to March 2015 due to the construction of Warsaw's second Metro line (which runs underneath the length of the street).
Chivasso railway station
Chivasso railway station serves the town and comune of Chivasso, in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy.  Opened in 1856, it forms part of the Turin–Milan railway, and is also a junction for three other lines, to Aosta, Asti and Alessandria.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  Train services are operated by Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Chivasso
Chivasso (pronounced [kiˈvasso]; Piedmontese: Civass) is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin, in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Turin. Chivasso has a population of about 27,000. It is situated on the left bank of the Po river, near the influx of the Orco river.

The municipality of Chivasso contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Montegiove, Betlemme, Torassi, Castelrosso, Pogliani, Borghetto, Mosche, Mandria, Boschetto, and Pratoregio.

Chivasso borders the following municipalities: Mazzè, Caluso, San Benigno Canavese, Montanaro, Rondissone, Verolengo, Volpiano, Brandizzo, San Sebastiano da Po, Castagneto Po, San Raffaele Cimena.

The name probably has a Roman origin (Clavasium, which is used nowadays by local companies).
FOXI3
Forkead box I3 (FOXI3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXI3 gene. FOXI3 is a forkhead box transcription factor that is expressed in the development of hair and teeth. One of its mutations is a dominant allele responsible for the heterozygous Hh hairless trait in dogs. It was identified in 2008.

FOX proteins
FOX (forkhead box) proteins are a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and longevity. Many FOX proteins are important to embryonic development. FOX proteins also have pioneering transcription activity by being able to bind condensed chromatin during cell differentiation processes.

There are 50 different FOX genes encoding FOX proteins in humans that are further divided into 19 subdivisions based on conserved sequence similarity. The defining feature of FOX proteins is the forkhead box, a sequence of 80 to 100 amino acids forming a motif that binds to DNA. This forkhead motif is also known as the winged helix, due to the butterfly-like appearance of the loops in the protein structure of the domain. FOX proteins are a subgroup of the helix-turn-helix class of proteins.
Glenbard North High School
Glenbard North High School, or GBN, and locally referred to as "Glenbard" or "North", is a public closed campus four-year high school located at the corner of Kuhn Road and Lies Road in Carol Stream, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is part of Glenbard Township High School District 87, which also includes Glenbard South High School, Glenbard East High School, and Glenbard West High School. The North campus is the largest among the four high schools in Glenbard Township District 87, serving approximately 2,200 students from Carol Stream, Glendale Heights, Hanover Park, and Bloomingdale.

Carol Stream, Illinois
Carol Stream is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States, and a suburb of Chicago. It was incorporated on January 5, 1959, and named after the daughter of its founder, Jay Stream. Per the 2020 census, the population was 39,854.
Pieljekaise National Park
Pieljekaise is a Swedish national park. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Jäkkvik in Arjeplog Municipality, Lappland. The park covers an area of 153.4 km2 (59.2 sq mi). It consists largely of birch woods. The park is traversed by the Kungsleden hiking trail and the trail continues into the nearby the Vindelfjällens Nature Reserve, one of the largest protected areas in Europe.

Jäkkvik
Jäckvik (pronounced [jæːkkviːk])  or Jäkkvik is a mountain hamlet in Arjeplog municipality on Swedish national road 95 (Silver Road).  It is located near Pieljekaise National Park and about 20 km south of the Arctic Circle. Jäckvik has a lodge and a ski run.
Continuing north along Swedish National Road 95, towards the border with Norway, there is the nearby tourist facilities Vuoggatjålme and the lake Vuoggatjålmjaure.

The Swedish priest Lars Levi Læstadius was born in Jäckvik.

66°23′N 16°58′E﻿ / ﻿66.383°N 16.967°E﻿ / 66.383; 16.967
Södermanland runic inscription 140
Södermanland runic inscription 140 (Sö 140) is a Viking Age runestone inscribed in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark runic alphabet. It and Sö 139 stand close together on the south side of the road next to the brook at Korpbro, between Lid and Aspa in Ludgo parish, Nyköping Municipality, in Södermanland, but Sö 140 was found broken and has been re-erected. A cross in the centre of the stone formed by five bind runes has been variously interpreted as an invocation of Thor or as part of the inscription.

Södermanland runic inscription 139
Sö 139 is a Viking Age runestone in granite inscribed in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark runic alphabet. It is located 3.5 m east-north-east of Sö 140 along the road between Lid and Aspa in Ludgo parish, in Nyköping Municipality, in Södermanland. Both stones are placed at the southern side of the road next to the brook at Korpbro. It is 1.48 m tall and 1.36 m wide. The style is tentatively categorized as Pr3.  It is unusual because it was raised in memory of a woman.
John F. Kennedy High School (Guam)
John F. Kennedy High School (JFKHS), formerly Tumon Senior-Junior High School, is a public high school located in the Tumon area of Tamuning in the United States Territory of Guam. It is a part of the Guam Department of Education.

The school, which opened in September 1959, serves Tamuning, Hagåtña, and portions of Dededo.

Tumon, Guam
Tumon (Chamorro: Tomhom) is a district located on Tumon Bay along the northwest coast of the United States unincorporated territory of Guam. Located in the municipality of Tamuning, it is the center of Guam's tourist industry.
HMS Surprise (K346)
HMS Surprise was a Bay-class anti-aircraft frigate of the British Royal Navy. In commission from 1946 to 1965, she served in the Mediterranean Fleet as a Despatch Vessel for the Commander-in-Chief. Although principally employed for the use as a yacht by the CinC, Surprise was also deployed in its operational role as an anti-aircraft frigate and was allocated to the Haifa Patrol for a brief period in 1948. The archaic term "Despatch Vessel" was replaced by "Flag Frigate" in 1961.

Bay-class frigate
The Bay class was a class of 26 anti-aircraft (A/A) frigates built for the Royal Navy under the 1943 War Emergency Programme during World War II (one of which was cancelled and six completed as despatch vessels or survey ships). They were based on the hulls of incomplete Loch class anti-submarine (A/S) frigates.

In 1959 and 1961, four frigates of the class (Bigbury Bay, Burghead Bay, Morecambe Bay and Mounts Bay) were transferred to the Portuguese Navy. Between 1966 and 1968, based in Mozambique, these ships were part of the Portuguese naval deterrent force against the Royal Navy Beira Patrol which was trying to enforce sanctions against Rhodesia. In 1966 the Portuguese Navy also bought the survey vessel Dalrymple which served until 1983.
Rowland Hall
Rowland Hall (formerly Rowland Hall-St. Mark's, RHSM) is an independent private school of roughly 1000 students from preschool to high school on two campuses in Salt Lake City, Utah. Founded in 1867, Rowland Hall is the oldest school in Utah. Originally a religious school affiliated with the Episcopal Church denomination, Rowland Hall became independent in the 1930s.

The school's mission statement is: "We inspire students to lead ethical and productive lives through a college-preparatory program that promotes the pursuit of academic and personal excellence."

Episcopal Diocese of Utah
The Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States encompassing the state of Utah, other than the southeastern part of the Utah which is included in the Navajoland Area Mission. The diocese also includes a small part of northern Arizona.

In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is the Rt. Rev. Phyllis A. Spiegel, whose consecration took place on September 17, 2022.

In 2024, the diocese reported average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 1,132 persons. The most recent membership statistics (2023) showed 3,966 persons in 22 churches.
Stradbroke Island
Stradbroke Island, also known as Minjerribah, was a large sand island that formed much of the eastern side of Moreton Bay near Brisbane, Queensland until the late 19th century. Today the island is split into two islands: North Stradbroke Island and South Stradbroke Island, separated by the Jumpinpin Channel.

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Stradbroke Island was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "Natural attraction".

Quandamooka people
The Quandamooka people are Aboriginal Australians who live around Moreton Bay in Southeastern Queensland. They are composed of three distinct tribes, the Nunukul, the Goenpul and the Ngugi, and they live primarily on Moreton and North Stradbroke Islands, that form the eastern side of the bay. Many were pushed out of their lands when the English colonial government established a penal colony near there in 1824. Each group has its own language. A number of local food sources are utilised by the tribes.
Jaintia Kingdom
The Jaintia Kingdom was a kingdom in present-day some parts of Bangladesh's Sylhet Division, India's Meghalaya state and Nagaon, Morigoan district of Assam. It was partitioned into three in 630 AD by Raja Guhak for his three sons, into the Jaintia Kingdom, Gour Kingdom and Laur Kingdom. It was annexed by the British East India Company in 1835. All the Pnar Rajahs of the Jaintia Kingdom are from the Syiem Sutnga clan, a Pnar clan of the Khasi tribe which claims descent from Ka Li Dohkha, a divine nymph.

Pnar people
The Pnar, also known as Jaiñtia, are a sub-tribal group of the Khasi people  in Meghalaya, India. The Pnar people are matrilineal. They speak the Pnar language, which belongs to the Austro-Asiatic language family and is very similar to the Khasi language. The Pnar people are natives of West Jaintia Hills and East Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya, India. They call themselves  "Ki Khun Hynñiew Trep" (Children of 7-hut). Their main festivals are Behdeinkhlam, Chad Suk-kara, Chad Pastieh and Laho Dance.
Ninne Pelladata (1996 film)
Ninne Pelladata (transl. 'I will marry only you') is a 1996 Indian Telugu-language romantic family drama film written and directed by Krishna Vamsi and produced by Nagarjuna under the Annapurna Studios banner. The film stars Nagarjuna and Tabu, with music composed by Sandeep Chowta, marking his debut in Telugu cinema.

The film's production began after Nagarjuna got impressed by Krishna Vamsi's work in Gulabi (1995). Initially, Krishna Vamsi had developed an action-oriented script, but following feedback from Gulabi, he shifted focus to a family-oriented drama.

Ninne Pelladata has set many records during its theatrical run and became the highest grosser in Telugu cinema. It received several accolades, including the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu. The film was later dubbed into Tamil as Unnaiye Kalyanam Pannikiren and remade in Kannada as Preethsod Thappa.

Preethsod Thappa
Preethsod Thappa (transl. 'Is it wrong to fall in love?') is a 1998 Indian Kannada-language romance drama film directed by Ravichandran and produced by Rockline Venkatesh. The film stars Ravichandran and Shilpa Shetty (in her Sandalwood debut). Actors Lokesh and Lakshmi and Prakash Raj feature in other prominent roles. The film is a remake of the Telugu film Ninne Pelladata (1996).
Phthisiology
Phthisiology is the care, treatment, and study of tuberculosis of the lung. It is therefore considered a specialisation within the area of pulmonology.

The term derives from the designation by Hippocrates of phthisis (Greek φθίσις) meaning "consumption".

Pulmonology
Pulmonology (/ˌpʌlməˈnɒlədʒi/, /ˌpʊlməˈnɒlədʒi/, from Latin pulmō, -ōnis "lung" and the Greek suffix -λογία -logía "study of"), pneumology (/nʊˈmɒlədʒi, njʊ-/, built on Greek πνεύμων pneúmōn "lung") or pneumonology (/nʊmənˈɒlədʒi, njʊ-/) is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. It is also known as respirology, respiratory medicine, or chest medicine in some countries and areas.

Pulmonology is considered a branch of internal medicine, and is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonology often involves managing patients who need life support and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonologists are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complicated chest infections.

Pulmonology/respirology departments work especially closely with certain other specialties: cardiothoracic surgery departments and cardiology departments.
The Family Restaurant
The Family Restaurant is a Canadian reality television series, which aired on Food Network Canada between 2005 and 2009.

Profiling family-owned restaurants in the Edmonton, Alberta area, the show's first two seasons focused on the Psalios family chain of Greek restaurants, while its third and final season focused on the Quon family chain of Chinese restaurants, including The Lingnan. The Quon family were later featured in their own spinoff series, The Quon Dynasty, on Citytv.

The series was produced by Anaid Productions and distributed by Picture Box Distribution. The Quon family season was also carried by WE tv in the United States in 2011.

The Quon Dynasty
The Quon Dynasty is a Canadian television program that premiered on October 16, 2011, on Citytv. Produced by Anaid Productions, it is a documentary following the Quon family, restaurateurs in Edmonton, Alberta. The family had also appeared on the earlier series The Family Restaurant, which profiled several different family-owned restaurants in the Edmonton area. In Asia, The Quon Dynasty is aired on bio. There is also a Cantonese edition of The Quon Dynasty, which is aired on OMNI, a sister network of Citytv.

The Quon Dynasty was nominated for Best Documentary Series and Best Production Reflecting Cultural Diversity in the Alberta Film and Television Awards.
Kapamilya Channel
Kapamilya Channel (lit. 'Family member channel') is a 24-hour Filipino pay television channel owned and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation, a subsidiary of Lopez Holdings Corporation. Its headquarters is located at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City and serves as the flagship television channel under the ABS-CBN media brand.

Kapamilya Channel launched on June 13, 2020, replacing the free-to-air ABS-CBN after its broadcast renewal franchise expired on May 5, 2020, and the eventual denial on July 10, 2020. The channel airs a mix of ABS-CBN programs, including those that aired before and after its launch.

Advanced Media Broadcasting System
Advanced Media Broadcasting System (AMBS) is a broadcast media company in the Philippines. Its main offices and facilities are located at Unit 906A of the Paragon Plaza Building and on the 3rd Floor of Starmalls EDSA Shaw complex, both in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila.

Founded in 1994 by the Vera family, it is owned by the Villar Group-backed All Value Holdings Incorporated.