hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catherine Leclerc du Rose
Catherine Leclerc du Rose, also known by her stage name Mademoiselle de Brie' (1630 – ca. 1706), was a French actress. She was a member of the pioneer troupe of both the Molière's company, and of the Comédie-Française. She belonged to the first Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française (see Troupe of the Comédie-Française in 1680).

Catherine Leclerc du Rose was the daughter of actors. De Brie joined Molière's troupe in 1650. She became a member of the Comédie-Française upon its foundation in 1680. She became a member of the Comédie-Dauphine in 1684.

Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française
The sociétaires of the Comédie-Française are chosen from among the pensionnaires who have been in the company a year or more.

They are decided upon in the course of a general assembly of the company's administrative committee, made up of six existing sociétaires, the senior sociétaire, and the general administrator.  A pensionnaire is thus named a societaire by a decree of the Ministry of Culture, from names put forward by the general administrator of the Comédie-Française.  On becoming a sociétaire, an actor automatically becomes a member of the Société des Comédiens-Français and receives a share of the profits as well as receiving a number of shares in the société to which he or she is contractually linked.

After his or her retirement, a sociétaire can continue to act, becoming an honorary sociétaire.  The senior member of the Comédie-Française is not the oldest sociétaire, but the sociétaire who has been with the company longest (since their entering it as a pensionnaire).
Adelheidsdorf
Adelheidsdorf is a municipality in the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Adelheidsdorf was founded in 1831 after draining parts of the Wietzenbruch swamps in the area and named after Queen Adelaide.

Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (Adelaide Amelia Louise Theresa Caroline; 13 August 1792 – 2 December 1849) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Queen of Hanover from 26 June 1830 to 20 June 1837 as the wife of King William IV. Adelaide was the daughter of George I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, and Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia, is named after her.
St Ives School
The St Ives School refers to a group of artists living and working in the Cornish town of St Ives. The term is often used to refer to the 20th century groups which sprung up after the First World War around such artists as Borlase Smart, however there was considerable artistic activity there from the late 19th Century onwards.

Robert Borlase Smart
Robert Borlase Smart RBA ROI RBC RWA SMA, generally known as Borlase Smart (11 February 1881 in Kingsbridge, Devon – 3 November 1947 in St Ives, Cornwall) worked as an art editor and critic on the Western Morning News / Illustrated Western Weekly News from 1901 to 1913, but is principally known as an artist, in which capacity he became a founding member of the St Ives School during the years following his return from the First World War.
Dalasýsla
Dalasýsla (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtaːlaˌsistla], lit. 'Valley County') was one of the pre-1988 traditional counties of Iceland, located in the Western Region of the country. Its only town is Búðardalur.

The county had a rich history dating back to the first settlers of Iceland. Leif Erikson grew up in Dalasýsla, at Eiríksstaðir, in the 10th century, and Árni Magnússon, scholar and collector of manuscripts, was born at Kvennabrekka in Dalasýsla in 1663.

The poet, historian, and politician Snorri Sturluson was born at the farm of Hvammur í Dölum.  Painter Helgi Fríðjónsson was born in Búðardalur in 1953, as was artist Hreinn Friðfinnsson (1943–2024).

Eiríksstaðir
Eiríksstaðir (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈeiːriksˌstaːðɪr̥]) is the former homestead of Eiríkr Þorvaldsson, known as Erik the Red, at Haukadalur Valley in the Dalasýsla region of Iceland. It was likely the birthplace of his son Leif Eiríksson, the first known European discoverer of the Americas. A site thought to be that of the original farm has been investigated by archaeologists and remains of two buildings dating to the 9th–10th centuries have been identified. An open-air museum has been established nearby.
Throwing Muses
Throwing Muses are an American alternative rock band formed in 1981 in Newport, Rhode Island that toured and recorded extensively until 1997, when its members began concentrating more on other projects.

The group was originally fronted by two step-sisters, Kristin Hersh and Tanya Donelly, who both wrote the group's songs. Throwing Muses are known for performing music with shifting tempos, creative chord progressions, unorthodox song structures, and surreal lyrics. The group was set apart from other contemporary acts by Hersh's stark, candid writing style; Donelly's pop stylings and vocal harmonies; and David Narcizo's unusual drumming techniques eschewing use of cymbals.

Throwing Muses (1986 album)
Throwing Muses is the 1986 debut album of the band Throwing Muses, released on British independent label 4AD. This was the first album by an American band to be released on 4AD, which had concentrated primarily on British-based acts up to this point.  The release marked a shift in the label's direction; a year later 4AD would sign Pixies based in part on the band's connection to Throwing Muses, and by the mid-1990s much of the label's roster was made up of American bands.
Limnomma
Limnomma is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle from the Middle Jurassic of China. The type and only known species Limnomma daohugouense is known from the Bathonian aged Daohugou Beds of Inner Mongolia, China.

Ommatidae
The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. There are only seven extant species, confined to Australia and South America. However, the geographical distribution was much wider during the Mesozoic spanning across Eurasia and Australia, suggesting that they were widespread on Pangea. So far, over 26 extinct genera containing over 170 species of these beetles have been described. Three extant genera have been assigned to this family: Omma, Tetraphalerus and Beutelius. The family is considered to be a subfamily of Cupedidae by some authors, but have been found to be more closely related to Micromalthidae in molecular phylogenies. A close relationship with Micromalthidae is supported by several morphological characters, including those of the mandibles and male genitalia. Due to their rarity, their ecology is obscure, it is likely that their larvae feed on deadwood.
Reference Re Same-Sex Marriage
Reference Re Same-Sex Marriage [2004] 3 S.C.R. 698, 2004 SCC 79, was a reference question to the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the constitutional validity of same-sex marriage in Canada. The ruling was announced December 2004, following arguments made two months prior.

Reference question
In Canadian law, a reference question or reference case (formally called abstract review) is a submission by the federal or a provincial government to the courts asking for an advisory opinion on a major legal issue. Typically the question concerns the constitutionality of legislation.
Soda (comics)
Soda is a Franco-Belgian comics series by Tome (writing)  and Bruno Gazzotti (art). The first two albums and the first eleven pages of the third were drawn by Luc Warnant, and the last (thirteenth) album by Dan (Dan Verlinden). It first appeared in the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Spirou on 29 April 1986.

Soda is the nickname of the main character of the series, NYPD Lieutenant David Elliot Hanneth Solomon, who masquerades as a priest for the benefit of his mother's health. In the Finnish version his real name was changed to Patrick Timothy O'Ralley. Soda only has three fingers on his left hand.

Spirou (magazine)
Spirou (French: Le Journal de Spirou) is a weekly Belgian comics magazine published by the Dupuis company since April 21, 1938. It is an anthology magazine with new features appearing regularly, containing a mix of short humor strips and serialized features, of which the most popular series would be collected as albums by Dupuis afterwards.
Tū-irirangi
Tū-irirangi was a Māori rangatira (chieftain) of the Ngāti Whāita hapū of the Ngāti Raukawa iwi in the Tainui tribal confederation from the Waikato region, New Zealand. He is an ancestor of the Ngāti Kinohaku hapu (sub-tribe) of Ngāti Maniapoto and probably lived in the mid-to-late seventeenth century.

Māhanga
Māhanga was a Māori rangatira (chieftain) of the Tainui tribal confederation in the Waikato region of New Zealand, based at Kāniwhaniwha on the Waipā River, and an ancestor of the Ngāti Māhanga and Ngāti Tamainupō hapū. Bruce Briggs estimates that he lived around 1600.
Hallam Towers
Hallam Towers is a fifteen-storey, 48 metres (157 ft) apartment building completed in 2022 in the Broomhill area of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. It was constructed on the site of an externally similar thirteen-storey former hotel of the same name, which existed on the site between 1963 and 2017.

Forte Group
Forte Group plc was a British hotel and restaurant company.  It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index until it was acquired by Granada in 1996. Its head office was in the London Borough of Camden.
Etcher (software)
balenaEtcher (commonly referred to and formerly known as Etcher) is a free and open-source utility for writing image files such as .iso and .img files, as well as zipped folders onto storage media to create live SD cards and USB flash drives. It is developed by Balena and licensed under Apache License 2.0. Etcher allows users to write images to portable storage media such as USB flash drives and SD cards. Etcher was developed using the Electron framework and supports Windows, macOS and Linux operating systems. balenaEtcher was originally called Etcher, but its name was changed on October 29, 2018, when Resin.io changed its name to Balena.

Electron (software framework)
Electron (formerly known as Atom Shell) is a free and open-source software framework developed and maintained by OpenJS Foundation. The framework is designed to create desktop applications using web technologies (mainly HTML, CSS and JavaScript, although other technologies such as front-end frameworks and WebAssembly are possible) that are rendered using a version of the Chromium browser engine and a back end using the Node.js runtime environment. It also uses various APIs to enable functionality such as native integration with Node.js services and an inter-process communication module.

Electron was originally built for Atom and is the main GUI framework behind several other open-source projects including GitHub Desktop, Light Table, WordPress Desktop, and Eclipse Theia. It is also used in Microsoft's proprietary code editor Visual Studio Code.
Eric Gerets
Eric Maria Gerets (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːrɪk ˈxeːrəts]; born 18 May 1954) is a Belgian football manager and former player.

As a striker, he started his playing career as an amateur for his local team AA Rekem, before achieving success as a right-back with Standard Liège and PSV. Nicknamed "The Lion (of Flanders)", Gerets was regarded as one of the top right-backs in Europe at his peak and is considered one of the greatest players in Belgian football history. He is famous for having captained PSV to their first and only European Cup win in 1988.

As a coach, Gerets is one of six managers – along with José Mourinho, Carlo Ancelotti, Giovanni Trapattoni, Tomislav Ivić and Ernst Happel – to have won top domestic league championships in at least four countries.

UEFA Euro 1980
The 1980 UEFA European Football Championship finals tournament was held in Italy. This was the sixth UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and endorsed by UEFA. It was the first European Championship to feature eight teams in the finals, which took place between 11 and 22 June 1980. West Germany won the final 2–1 against Belgium for their second title. This was the last European Championship with a third place play-off.
Maurice Rioli
Maurice Joseph Rioli Sr. (1 September 1957 – 25 December 2010) was an Australian rules footballer who represented St Mary's Football Club in the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL), South Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Acknowledged as one of the greatest players of his era, Rioli was one of the first Indigenous Australian footballers to have a significant impact on Victorian football, and was named in the centre for the Indigenous Team of the Century. A highly skilled and solidly built centreman with exquisite ball-handling skills and lightning reflexes, Rioli was a renowned performer on the big stage.

After retiring from football, Rioli became a politician in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, and then worked in community services on the Tiwi Islands.

1982 VFL grand final
The 1982 VFL grand final was an Australian rules football game contested between the   Carlton Football Club and Richmond Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 25 September 1982. It was the 86th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1982 VFL season. The match, attended by 107,536 spectators, was won by Carlton.
Ruptawa
Ruptawa (German: Ruptau) is a sołectwo in the south of Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It was an independent village but became administratively part of Jastrzębie-Zdrój in 1975.

It has an area of 1522,51 ha and on December 31, 2012 it had 3,741 inhabitants.

Jastrzębie-Zdrój
Jastrzębie-Zdrój ([jaˈstʂɛmbjɛ ˈzdruj] ⓘ; German: Bad Königsdorff-Jastrzemb, originally Jastrzemb; Czech: Lázně Jestřebí; Silesian: Jastrzymbie-Zdroj) is a city in the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland with 86,632 inhabitants (2021). Its name comes from the Polish words jastrząb ("hawk") and zdrój ("spa" or "spring").

From 1861 until the 20th century, it was a spa village situated in Upper Silesia. It was granted city rights in 1963. In the early 1980s, the city was one of the main centers of workers' protests, which resulted in the creation of Solidarity.
Finger Lakes GrassRoots Festival of Music and Dance
Started in 1991, the Finger Lakes GrassRoots Festival of Music and Dance is an annual festival held the second-to-last weekend of July in Trumansburg, New York, a small town ten miles north of Ithaca.

The GrassRoots Festival, or simply GrassRoots, as it is known, draws nearly 20,000 visitors throughout the course of four days.   GrassRoots presents over 70 musicians, bands and dance troupes on four simultaneously running stages continually throughout the long weekend. Genres represented among the musicians include bluegrass, Cajun, zydeco, African, reggae, country, Americana, Native American music, old-time music, Irish music, jam band, rock and roll, hip hop, Conjunto, rockabilly and more.

The festival was nominated as one of USA Today's top 10 outdoor music festivals. In 2003 the associated Shakori Hills Grassroots Festival began, modeled after the Finger Lakes festival.

Shakori Hills Grassroots Festival
The Shakori Hills GrassRoots Festival of Music and Dance is a biannual music and dance festival in the United States, held on the first Thursday thru Sunday in May and October in Pittsboro, North Carolina. The festival takes place on a 75-acre (300,000 m2) venue which is managed by Shakori Hills Community Arts Center Inc. (SHCAC), a nonprofit organization. The festival supports the music and art programs of the SHCAC. It is associated with and modeled after the larger Finger Lakes Grassroots Festival that takes place near Trumansburg, New York each summer. The spring festival started in April 2003 and the fall festival was launched in 2004.
Viceregal consort of Canada
The viceregal consort of Canada is the spouse of the serving governor general of Canada, assisting the viceroy with ceremonial and charitable work, accompanying him or her to official state occasions, and occasionally undertaking philanthropic work of their own. As the host/hostess of the royal and viceroyal residence in Ottawa, the consort, if female, is also known as the chatelaine of Rideau Hall. This individual, who ranks third in the Canadian order of precedence, after the Canadian monarch and the governor general, is addressed as His or Her Excellency while their spouse is in office, and is made ex officio an Extraordinary Companion (French: Compagnon Extraordinaire) of the Order of Canada and a Knight or Dame of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.

The present viceregal consort is Whit Fraser, the husband of Governor General Mary Simon, who took office on July 26, 2021.

Whit Fraser
Whit Grant Fraser CC (born November 26, 1942) is a Canadian journalist, broadcaster, and author who has served as the 56th viceregal consort of Canada since 2021, as the husband of Governor General Mary Simon.
Specular reflection
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.

The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal. The incident and reflected rays lie in a plane known as the plane of incidence. The angles of the two rays to the normal are known as the angle of incidence and angle of reflection.

The earliest known description of this behavior was recorded by Hero of Alexandria (AD c. 10–70). Later, Alhazen gave a complete statement of the law of reflection. He was first to state that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a same plane perpendicular to reflecting plane.

Specular reflection may be contrasted with diffuse reflection, in which light is scattered away from the surface in a range of directions.

Reflectance
The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected at the boundary. Reflectance is a component of the response of the electronic structure of the material to the electromagnetic field of light, and is in general a function of the frequency, or wavelength, of the light, its polarization, and the angle of incidence. The dependence of reflectance on the wavelength is called a reflectance spectrum or spectral reflectance curve.
Caloplaca
Caloplaca is a lichen genus comprising a number of distinct species. Members of the genus are commonly called firedot lichen,: 235  jewel lichen.: 235  gold lichens, "orange lichens", but they are not always orange, as in the case of C. albovariegata. The distribution of this lichen genus is worldwide, extending from Antarctica to the high Arctic. It includes a portion of northern North America and the Russian High Arctic. There are about thirty species of Caloplaca in the flora of the British Isles.

A new species of Caloplaca, C. obamae, the first species to be named in honor of Barack Obama, was discovered in 2007 on Santa Rosa Island in California and published in March 2009.

Caloplaca obamae
Caloplaca obamae is a species of crustose lichen in the fungus genus Caloplaca. It is the first species to be named in honor of United States President Barack Obama. C. obamae was discovered in 2007 by Kerry Knudsen on Santa Rosa Island in California and published in March 2009. Knudsen stated that he chose to honor Obama for "his support of science and scientific education" and wrote the manuscript for publication of the species in the time between Obama's election and his inauguration.
General Jackson (riverboat)
General Jackson is a riverboat—more specifically, a showboat—based on the Cumberland River in Nashville, Tennessee.

General Jackson was named after another riverboat of the same name that was built in 1817; that boat was in turn named for Andrew Jackson. The modern boat was originally an attraction at the Opryland USA theme park. The park closed in 1997, but the boat remains in service, docking at Pennington Bend near the Opry Mills shopping center that replaced the park.  In addition to Opry Mills, the dock is located near the Grand Ole Opry House and the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center.

The original captains were Captain E.A. Poe and Captain William Howell.

Opry Mills
Opry Mills is a super-regional shopping mall in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The mall was owned by the Mills Corporation and Gaylord Entertainment Company until 2007, when the Mills Corporation was acquired by Simon Property Group. It opened on May 12, 2000 on the former site of Opryland Themepark. The mall is adjacent to the Grand Ole Opry House and the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center. The anchor stores are Regal Cinemas, Madame Tussauds, Sun & Ski Sports, Off Broadway Shoe Warehouse, Bass Pro Shops, Ralph Lauren, Nike Outlet, H&M, Old Navy, and Dave & Buster's.
Proton Competition
Proton Competition (also formerly racing as Dempsey-Proton Racing or Team Felbermayr-Proton) is a German auto racing team based in Ummendorf, Baden-Württemberg. It was founded by Gerold Ried, and is currently owned by his son Christian Ried. The team currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship with a customer Porsche 963 and a factory-supported Ford Mustang GT3. It also competes in the European Le Mans Series with the Oreca 07 and the Porsche 911. They also have a racing program in the IMSA SportsCar Championship, racing with a customer Porsche 963 and a factory-supported Ford Mustang GT3 and prepare Porsche 911s for the Iron Dames program.

Porsche 911 GT3
The Porsche 911 GT3 is a high-performance homologation model of the Porsche 911 sports car. It is a range of high-performance models, which began with the 1973 911 Carrera RS. The GT3 has had a successful racing career in the one-make national and regional Porsche Carrera Cup and GT3 Cup Challenge series, as well as the international Porsche Supercup supporting the FIA F1 World Championship.
Porsche was founded by Ferdinand Porsche, a visionary automotive engineer, who established the company "Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche GmbH" in Stuttgart in 1931
Stac Levenish
Stac Levenish or Stac Leibhinis (sometimes simply called Levenish/Leibhinis) is a sea stack in the St Kilda archipelago in Scotland. Lying 2.5 kilometres (1+1⁄4 nautical miles) off Village Bay on Hirta, it is part of the rim of an extinct volcano that includes Dùn, Ruaival and Mullach Sgar.

The stack is 62 metres (203 ft) high. Its north cliff appears to have the profile of a human face, visible when travelling to St Kilda from the east. The skerry of Na Bodhan lies to the north east.

The stack was climbed recreationally in the early 1900s; Norman Heathcote mentions a moderately difficult ascent in 1900, as part of a climbing expedition that also included an ascent of Stac Lee.

There is another smaller and unnamed rock on Stac Levenish' south-west. It is visible on Google Maps.

Norman Heathcote
John Norman Heathcote (21 June 1863 – 16 July 1946) was a British author, watercolourist and photographer, who wrote the book St Kilda, published in 1900, about the Scottish Hebridean archipelago of St Kilda.