hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benton, Pennsylvania
Benton is a borough in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 824 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area.

Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Columbia County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,727. Its county seat is Bloomsburg. The county was created on March 22, 1813, from part of Northumberland County. It was named Columbia, alluding to the United States and Christopher Columbus. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.

Columbia County is part of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area.
Cai Guo-Qiang
Cai Guo-Qiang (Chinese: 蔡国强; born 8 December 1957) is a Chinese artist living in the US. He primarily utilizes pyrotechnics, with gunpowder and fireworks at the center at the of many of his works. He is most notable for his 2008 involvement in the Beijing Olympics fireworks.

Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art
Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art  (متحف : المتحف العربي للفن الحديث) is a  museum in Doha, Qatar with over 9,000 objects. Established in 2010, it is considered a major cultural attraction in the country.

Mathaf houses the world's largest collection of modern and contemporary Arab art.
Shin-Kanmon Tunnel
The Shin-Kanmon Tunnel (Japanese: 新関門トンネル) is a 18.713-kilometre-long (11.628 mi) undersea railway tunnel under the Kanmon Straits connecting Shin-Shimonoseki Station on the Japanese island of Honshu and Kokura Station on Kyushu. At the time of opening in March 1975, it was the longest railway tunnel in Japan before being overtaken by in 1988 the opening of the Seikan Tunnel.

Kanmon Straits
The Kanmon Straits (関門海峡, Kanmon-kaikyō) or the Straits of Shimonoseki is the stretch of water separating Honshu and Kyushu, two of Japan's four main islands. On the Honshu side of the strait is Shimonoseki (下関, which contributed "Kan" (関) to the name of the strait) and on the Kyushu side is Kitakyushu, whose former city and present ward, Moji (門司), gave the strait its "mon" (門). The straits silt up at the rate of about 15 centimetres per annum, and dredging has made it possible to build the Kitakyushu Airport at low cost.

Western maps from the 19th century also refer to this waterway as the Straits of Van der Capellen.
Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition
The Adelaide International Jubilee Exhibition of 1887 was a celebration of the 50th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession to the throne on 20 June 1837, held in Adelaide, South Australia, in 1887. It was also a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Proclamation of South Australia which occurred around six months earlier, on 28 December 1886.

The Song of Australia
"The Song of Australia" was composed as the result of 1859 competition to create a "patriotic song", sponsored by the Gawler Institute in Adelaide. The winning lyrics were written by an English-born poet, Caroline Carleton, and the music chosen by the judges was composed by the German-born Carl Linger (1810–1862), a prominent member of the Australian Forty-Eighters.

It was one of the options in the 1977 plebiscite to choose a new Australian National Anthem, in which it was preferred by South Australians, but lost in the other states to "Advance Australia Fair".
Symphonic Songs for Band
Composed in 1957, Symphonic Songs for Band is one of Robert Russell Bennett's most famous compositions for wind band. The work was commissioned for the National Intercollegiate Band by Kappa Kappa Psi and Tau Beta Sigma, national honorary band fraternity and sorority, as part of the two organizations' commissioning program. Since its premiere, it has become among the most frequently performed works in the wind band repertoire. It is considered to be a cornerstone of the band literature.

Symphonic Songs is a suite of three movements: Serenade, Spiritual, and Celebration. It was premiered in the Salt Lake Tabernacle in Salt Lake City on August 24, 1957, by the National Intercollegiate Band under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel William F. Santelmann, retired director of the United States Marine Band. The band comprised 112 musicians from Utah, Florida, Maryland, Colorado, Ohio, Texas, Indiana, and New Mexico.

Tau Beta Sigma
Tau Beta Sigma Honorary Band Sorority (ΤΒΣ, colloquially referred to as TBSigma or TBS) is a co-educational recognition and service sorority for collegiate band members. It was established at Texas Technological College in 1946. The sorority has over 3,800 active members in 120 active chapters, and over 40,000 alumni.

Since 1946, Tau Beta Sigma has been recognized by Kappa Kappa Psi as "an equal affiliated organization with a parallel purpose, function, and role in the college and university band setting", and the two organizations hold joint conventions. The two organizations contribute to a national publication called The Podium.
Oral stage
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the term oral stage denotes the first psychosexual development stage wherein the mouth of the infant is their primary erogenous zone. Spanning the life period from birth to the age of 18 months, the oral stage is the first of the five Freudian psychosexual development stages: the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital.

Latency stage
The latency stage is the fourth stage of Sigmund Freud's model of a child's psychosexual development. Freud believed that the child discharges their libido (sexual energy) through a distinct body area that characterizes each stage. The latency stage is the fourth of the five Freudian psychosexual development stages: the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital.
Chet Wolfrum
Chester Emmette "Chet" Wolfrum (June 4, 1910 – December 20, 1973). was an American politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1959 to 1961. He represented the 56th Assembly District, in Los Angeles County.

Wolfrum was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, on June 4, 1910

A Republican, he entered the State Assembly after winning a special election held October 20, 1959, to fill a vacancy created by the death of Assemblyman Seth J. Johnson. One of five candidates, he won election with 49.7% of the vote. He won re-election in November 1960. In 1962, after redistricting changed the composition of the district, he lost his seat to Democrat Charles Warren.

Charles Warren (California politician)
Charles Hugh Warren (April 26, 1927 – November 7, 2019) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1963 to 1977 and held a Cabinet-level position as chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) under U.S. President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1979.

In the California State Assembly, Warren became a strong proponent of environmental initiatives. He was one of the principal authors of the Coastal Protection Act, which established the California Coastal Commission as a permanent body, and the bill that created the California Energy Commission. At CEQ, he oversaw the promulgation of legally binding regulations for federal agency compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act requirement for environmental impact statements.
Richard Russo
Richard Russo (born July 15, 1949) is an American novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, and teacher. In 2002, he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in Fiction for his novel Empire Falls. Several of his works have been adapted into television series and movies. He is known for his realistic depictions of rural, small-town life in the Northeastern United States, particularly in Maine, Pennsylvania, and Russo's native Upstate New York.

Nobody's Fool (1994 film)
Nobody's Fool is a 1994 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Robert Benton, based on the 1993 novel of the same name by Richard Russo. It stars Paul Newman, Bruce Willis, Jessica Tandy and Melanie Griffith, as well as Dylan Walsh, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Gene Saks, Josef Sommer, Philip Seymour Hoffman and Philip Bosco.

It was Paramount's final production under its Paramount Communications ownership (being sold to the original Viacom in July 1994). For his performance, Newman received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role as well as for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, in addition to a nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay for Benton at the 67th Academy Awards.

It was the final film featuring Jessica Tandy, who died on September 11, 1994, before the film was released.
Household hardware
Household hardware (or simply, hardware) is equipment that can be touched or held by hand such as keys, locks, nuts, screws, washers,  hinges, latches, handles, wire, chains, belts, plumbing supplies, electrical supplies, tools, utensils, cutlery and machine parts. Household hardware is typically sold in hardware stores.

Hardware store
Hardware stores (in a number of countries, "shops"), sometimes known as DIY stores, sell household hardware for home improvement including: fasteners, building materials, hand tools, power tools, keys, locks, hinges, chains, plumbing supplies, electrical supplies, cleaning products, housewares, tools, utensils, paint, and lawn and garden products directly to consumers for use at home or for business. Many hardware stores have specialty departments unique to its region or its owner's interests. These departments include hunting and fishing supplies, plants and nursery products, marine and boating supplies, pet food and supplies, farm and ranch supplies including animal feed, swimming pool chemicals, homebrewing supplies and canning supplies.
Bujanda
Bujanda is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain. The parish church contains the incorrupt remains of San Fausto Labrador, which has in the past given it some fame. At its largest, the village had around 150 inhabitants; but migration in the 1960s resulted in a great reduction in population. Its future is oriented towards culture, sports and ecology due to its proximity to Antoñana (a walled medieval village), the Nature Park of Izki, greenways and mountain bike routes, hiking; as well as to very attractive areas such as Merindad de Estella, Treviño, Rioja and the Basque Coast.

Campezo/Kanpezu
Campezo in Spanish or Kanpezu in Basque is a municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain.

The municipality lies on the western side of the Codés mountain range.
Reading Post
The Reading Post (formerly the Reading Evening Post) was an English local newspaper covering Reading, Berkshire and surrounding areas. The title page of the paper featured the Maiwand Lion, a local landmark at Forbury Gardens. The paper was most recently published by Surrey & Berkshire Media Ltd., a division of Trinity Mirror plc.

After it ceased print publication in 2015, the Reading Post became online-only and was renamed Get Reading. It was relaunched as BerkshireLive in 2019, before closing in November 2023.

Reach plc
Reach plc (known as Trinity Mirror between 1999 and 2018) is a British newsbrand, magazine and digital publisher. It is one of the UK and Ireland's largest commercial news groups, both in online audience and titles, with over 120 print and online brands, including nationals Daily Mirror, Daily Express, Sunday Express, Daily Star, local titles including the Manchester Evening News, Liverpool Echo, BirminghamLive, Nottingham Post and BelfastLive, as well as WalesOnline, OK!  magazine, and the Scottish Daily Record and Sunday Mail. Reach plc's headquarters are at One Canada Square in London. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Snake pipefish
The snake pipefish (Entelurus aequoreus) is a species of pipefish, from the family Syngnathidae, native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean where they are generally found amongst algae close in to shore.  It is the largest species of pipefish recorded in European waters and has spread into arctic waters in the early 2000s.

Syngnathidae
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The family name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the entire family have in common.
Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully
Maximilien de Béthune Sully, 1st Prince of Sully, Marquis of Rosny and Nogent, Count of Muret and Villebon, Viscount of Meaux (13 December 1560 – 22 December 1641) was a French nobleman, soldier, statesman, and counselor of King Henry IV of France. Historians emphasize Sully's role in building a strong, centralized administrative system in France using coercion and highly effective new administrative techniques. While not all of his policies were original, he used them well to revitalize France after the European wars of religion. Most, however, were repealed by later monarchs who preferred absolute power. Historians have also studied his Neostoicism and his ideas about virtue, prudence, and discipline.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
David XI
David XI (Georgian: დავით XI), also known as Daud Khan (Persian: داود خان, romanized: Dāwūd Khān; Georgian: დაუთ-ხანი, romanized: daut-khani; died c. 1579) was king (mepe) of Kartli. A convert to Islam, he was appointed as Khan of Kartli by the Persian Shah Tahmasp I from 1562 (effectively from 1569) to 1578.

Kingdom of Kartli
The Kingdom of Kartli (Georgian: ქართლის სამეფო, romanized: kartlis samepo) was a late medieval and early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centred on the province of Kartli, with its capital at Tbilisi. It emerged in the process of a tripartite division of the Kingdom of Georgia in 1478 and existed, with several brief intervals, until 1762 when Kartli and the neighbouring Georgian kingdom of Kakheti were merged through dynastic succession under the Kakhetian branch of the Bagrationi dynasty. Through much of this period, the kingdom was a vassal of the successive dynasties of Iran, and to a much shorter period Ottoman Empire, but enjoyed intermittent periods of greater independence, especially after 1747.
Fairfield Public School
Fairfield Public School is a government-funded, co-educational, primary day school, located in Fairfield, a western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1889 and opened by Sir Henry Parkes, the school caters for approximately 435 students from kindergarten to Year 6. The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education and it is opposite of Fairfield High School.

With 97% of the school's students being of a non-English speaking background, Fairfield Primary School is one of the most multicultural schools in Sydney. The motto, "Learning Together", represents the school's united partnerships and values. The school features a house system and has an official song titled 'Lift Up Your Voice'.

Fairfield High School (New South Wales)
Fairfield High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Fairfield, a south-western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1955 through the merge of two adjacent single-sex high schools: Fairfield Boys High School and Fairfield Girls High School, the school caters for approximately 1,100 students from Year 7 to Year 12. The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education.
Alsa (bus company)
ALSA (Automóviles Luarca, S.A.) is a Spanish subsidiary of the UK company Mobico Group, which operates bus and coach services in Spain and other countries across Europe, including Andorra, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Cyprus, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland and Ukraine. It also has operations in Morocco.

ALSA also had operations in China and Chile, but these were retained by the previous owners of the company and are not owned by National Express.

Seida
Sociedad Española de Importación y Distribución de Automóviles (S.E.I.D.A. or, more commonly, Seida) was a Spanish cars and trucks dealer and coachbuilder that later evolved into making integral chassisless motorcoaches. In 1998, it was subsumed into Evobus.
Žigmund Pálffy
Žigmund Pálffy (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈʐiɡmunt ˈpaːlfi]; born 5 May 1972), nicknamed "Ziggy" in English and "Žigo" in Slovak, is a Slovak former professional ice hockey player.

Pálffy played in the NHL for 12 years with the New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, and Pittsburgh Penguins between 1993 and 2006. He announced his retirement in January 2006 and his comeback from retirement in the summer of 2007. Pálffy signed a contract to play for his boyhood club HK 36 Skalica in the 2007–08 season and continued to do so until the end of his career. He also retracted his decision from 2005 never to play for the Slovak national team again by participating at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, where he was also the flagbearer. In July 2013, he announced his definite retirement. Pálffy was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2019.

Mathieu Biron
Mathieu Biron (born April 29, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played over 250 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). After retiring as a hockey player, he became a firefighter.
Iris setosa
Iris setosa, known as the beachhead iris, bristle-pointed iris, or a number of other common names, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris of the family Iridaceae. It belongs to the subgenus Limniris and the series Tripetalae. It is a rhizomatous perennial found in a wide range across and below the Arctic Circle, including in Alaska, Maine, Canada (including British Columbia, Newfoundland, Quebec and Yukon), Russia (including Siberia), China, Korea, and Japan. The plant has tall branching stems, mid green leaves and violet, purple-blue, violet-blue, blue, or lavender flowers, or, rarely, pink or white flowers.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Jerez Peak
Jerez Peak (Bulgarian: връх Херес, romanized: vrah Heres, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈxɛrɛs]) is the ice-covered peak rising to 1400 m at the south extremity of Ravelin Ridge on Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is connected to Mount Llana by Soyka Saddle, and surmounts Treskavets Glacier to the northeast and Highton Glacier to the southeast.

The peak is named after the Spanish mariner Gregorio Jerez who made the second sighting of Roché Island (South Georgia, named by him Isla San Pedro) in 1756.

Treskavets Glacier
Treskavets Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Трескавец, romanized: lednik Treskavets, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik trɛˈskavɛt͡s]) is 1.3 nautical miles (2.4 km; 1.5 mi) long and 0.8 nautical miles (1.5 km; 0.92 mi) wide glacier on the east side of Ravelin Ridge on Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated north of Highton Glacier and south of Orcho Glacier.  It drains the slopes of Jerez Peak, flows northeastwards and enters the Southern Ocean south of Gesha Point.

The glacier is named after the settlement of Treskavets in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Bustamante, Nuevo León
Bustamante is a municipality and town of Mexico in the state of Nuevo León. The full name is San Miguel de Bustamante. The municipality has an area of 558 km2 (215 sq mi).  It is bordered on the north by Lampazos de Naranjo and the state of Coahuila, on the south by Mina and Villaldama, Nuevo León, on the east by Villaldama, and on the west by Mina. In 2010 the population of the municipality was 3,773, of which nearly all lived in the town of Bustamante.

Mina, Nuevo León
Mina is a town and municipality located in the Northwestern part of the northeastern Mexican state of Nuevo León. The population was 6,048 at the 2020 census. Its name honors Spaniard insurgent general Francisco Javier Mina, who fought for the Mexican side in the independence movement from Spain. Located at the northwestern part of the state of Nuevo León. Mina is a renowned tourist destination, for its mysticism and legends in the state of Nuevo León.
Khaman
Khaman is a savoury snack from India that found fame in Gujarat. Khaman is made from ground channa daal or channa gram flour, usually with lemon juice, semolina, and curd. A final tadka can be added, using ingredients such as asafoetida and chillies.

Gram flour
Besan or gram flour is a pulse flour made from chana dal or chickpea flour (split Bengal gram) or brown/kaala chana, a chickpea.  It is a staple ingredient in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, including Indian, Bangladeshi, Burmese, Nepali, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Caribbean, and  Lunigiana cuisines.
Sangeet Sharada
Sangeet Sharada is an 1899 Marathi Sangeet Natak (Musical play), written and directed by playwright Govind Ballal Deval. The play is considered as the first play in Marathi to showcase the social problems and broke the norms by dealing with the subject of child marriage when dramatic literature in India mainly focused on historical-mythological narrations.

Over the period of time, various stage actors like Bal Gandharva, Vishnupant Pagnis, Bhalchandra Pendharkar have performed the lead role of Sharada. Going with the format of Sangeet Natak, play had more than 50 songs, penned and composed by Govind Ballal Deval himself and music attained a cult status over the period of time.

The play "is considered to be a pioneer in social drama in India" and gained the popularity in such a way that when the Child Marriage Restraint Act, proposed by Haribilas Sarda, also known "Sarda Act", was passed in 1929; it was mistaken to be named after the play as "Sharada Act".

Sangeet Natak
Sangeet Natak (Marathi for 'musical drama') is a form of drama which combines prose and poetry in the form of songs to convey the story, similar to musicals. They have played a vital role in the development of Marathi theater and cinema, as well as the Indian film industry. Sangeet Nataks start with the praise of Lord Natraja, which is called Naandi, Mangalaacharan or Suchakpad – usually the famous "Panchatunda Nararundamaldhar" from Sangeet Shakuntal. They are popular for the use of Indian classical music. The "Dramatic Music" is called Natya Sangeet, one of the two popular forms of vocal arts in Maharashtra and surrounding states. The other is Bhavageet.