hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brachypodium distachyon
Brachypodium distachyon, commonly called purple false brome or stiff brome, is a grass species native to southern Europe, northern Africa and southwestern Asia east to India. It is related to the major cereal grain species wheat, barley, oats, maize, rice, rye, sorghum, and millet. It has many qualities that make it an excellent model organism for functional genomics research in temperate grasses, cereals, and dedicated biofuel crops such as switchgrass. These attributes include small genome (~270 Mbp) diploid accessions, a series of polyploid accessions, a small physical stature, self-fertility, a short lifecycle, simple growth requirements, and an efficient transformation system. The genome of Brachypodium distachyon (diploid inbred line Bd21) has been sequenced and published in Nature in 2010.

Clive A. Stace
Clive Anthony Stace (born 1938) is a British botanist and botanical author. He studied at King's College London, graduated from University of London in 1959 and then studied at the Natural History Museum, London. He was awarded a PhD in 1963. His academic career was based at the University of Leicester, where he held the post of Professor of Plant taxonomy. He is a past president of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland from 1987 to 1989.
Gathland State Park
Gathland State Park is a public recreation area and historic preserve located on South Mountain near Burkittsville, Maryland, in the United States. The state park occupies the former estate of war correspondent George Alfred Townsend (1841-1914), who wrote under the pen name "Gath" during the American Civil War. The estate's few remaining original structures include the War Correspondents Memorial Arch, which sits alongside the Appalachian Trail. The park is operated by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. The arch is a National Historic Monument maintained by the National Park Service.

South Mountain (Maryland and Pennsylvania)
South Mountain is the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountain range into Maryland and Pennsylvania. From the Potomac River near Knoxville, Maryland in the south to Dillsburg, Pennsylvania in York County, Pennsylvania in the north, the 70-mile-long (110 km) range separates the Hagerstown and Cumberland valleys from the Piedmont regions of the two states.

The Appalachian Trail follows the crest of the mountain through Maryland and a portion of Pennsylvania.
Endeïs
In Greek mythology, Queen Endeïs (/ɛnˈdiːɪs/; Ancient Greek: Ενδηίς or Ενδαΐς) was the wife of King Aeacus and mother of the heroes Telamon and Peleus (since Peleus was the father of Achilles and Telamon was the father of Ajax the Great and Teucer, Endeïs was the grandmother of Achilles, Ajax and Teucer). The name is a dialect variant of Engaios (Ἐγγαῖος, "in the earth").

Peleus
In Greek mythology, Peleus (/ˈpiːliəs, ˈpiːljuːs/; Ancient Greek: Πηλεύς Pēleus) was a hero, king of Phthia, husband of Thetis and the father of their son Achilles. This myth was already known to the hearers of Homer in the late 8th century BC.
Outerplanar graph
In graph theory, an outerplanar graph is a graph that has a planar drawing for which all vertices belong to the outer face of the drawing.

Outerplanar graphs may be characterized (analogously to Wagner's theorem for planar graphs) by the two forbidden minors K4 and K2,3, or by their Colin de Verdière graph invariants.
They have Hamiltonian cycles if and only if they are biconnected, in which case the outer face forms the unique Hamiltonian cycle. Every outerplanar graph is 3-colorable, and has degeneracy and treewidth at most 2.

The outerplanar graphs are a subset of the planar graphs, the subgraphs of series–parallel graphs, and the circle graphs. The maximal outerplanar graphs, those to which no more edges can be added while preserving outerplanarity, are also chordal graphs and visibility graphs.

1-planar graph
In topological graph theory, a 1-planar graph is a graph that can be drawn in the Euclidean plane in such a way that each edge has at most one crossing point, where it crosses a single additional edge. If a 1-planar graph, one of the most natural generalizations of planar graphs, is drawn that way, the drawing is called a 1-plane graph or 1-planar embedding of the graph.
Mark Immelman
Mark Immelman (born October 2, 1970) is a South African sportscaster, golf teaching professional and author.

Immelman is currently the host of the On the Mark podcast on pgatour.com. He also covers live golf for the PGA Tour on ESPN+ for PGA Tour Live, and CBS Sports. Mark is also an analyst on the “The Second Cut” podcast and a golf analyst for CBS Sports HQ. In addition to his broadcasting career, he's also  a published author.

Mark is the older brother of 2008 Masters champion Trevor Immelman and son of former South African Sunshine Tour commissioner, Johan Immelman.

Trevor Immelman
Trevor John Immelman (born 16 December 1979) is a South African retired professional golfer and television commentator who has played on the PGA Tour, European Tour and Sunshine Tour. He won his sole major championship at the 2008 Masters Tournament. He is the chairman of the Official World Golf Ranking board.
St Mary's Church, Borwick
St Mary's Church is located to the north of the village of Borwick, Lancashire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Tunstall, the archdeaconry of Lancaster, and the diocese of Blackburn. Its benefice is united with those of St Oswald, Warton, and St John the Evangelist, Yealand Conyers. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Diocese of Blackburn
The diocese of Blackburn is diocese of the Church of England in North West England. Its boundaries correspond to northern Lancashire. The diocese contains 211 parishes and 280 churches. Blackburn Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Blackburn, currently Philip North, and the diocesan offices are also located in Blackburn.

What is now the diocese of Blackburn was historically part of the diocese of York. It became part of the newly created diocese of Chester in 1541, and part of the diocese of Manchester when it was created in 1847. The diocese of Blackburn was in turn established on 12 November 1926 from the northern part of Manchester.
Clackamas County, Oregon
Clackamas County (/ˈklækəməs/ ⓘ CLAK-ə-məss) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 421,401, making it Oregon's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Oregon City. The county was named after the native people living in the area at the time of the coming of Europeans, the Clackamas people, who are part of the Chinookan peoples.

Clackamas County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Willamette Valley.

Mount Hood Village, Oregon
Mount Hood Village is the name of a census-designated place (CDP) within the Mount Hood Corridor in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 4,864. The Villages at Mount Hood is the name of the combined government of several of the communities encompassed by the CDP and is a separate entity.
Gilmerton
Gilmerton is a suburb of Edinburgh, about 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of the city centre.

The toponym "Gilmerton" is derived from a combination of Scottish Gaelic: Gille-Moire– a personal name and later surname meaning "Servant of [the Virgin] Mary", from which comes the first element, "Gilmer",  – and Old English: ton meaning "settlement" or "farmstead". Versions of the name are recorded from the middle of the 12th century.

Below its centre is a series of shallow linked caves collectively called Gilmerton Cove. Traditionally these were attributed to the work of a local blacksmith, George Paterson (d.1735), who began work in 1720 and completed excavations in 1724 occupying these caves under his house and smiddy for eleven years. Paterson's name is inscribed on the lintel at the entrance.

The Drum, Edinburgh
The Drum is an 18th-century country house and estate on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Scotland. Located between the Gilmerton and Danderhall areas, The Drum is 4 miles (6.4 km) south-east of the city centre. The Drum was the seat of the Lords Somerville from the later Middle Ages, who built a 16th-century house on the estate. This was replaced in the 1720s with a classical house by William Adam. Sold by Lord Somerville in the early 19th century, the house remains in private hands.
2017–18 Senior Women's One Day League
The 2017–18 Senior Women's One Day League was the 12th edition of the women's List A cricket competition in India. It took place in December 2017 in a round-robin format, with 27 teams divided into an Elite Group and a Plate Group. At the end of season the finalists from the Plate Group, Bengal and Goa, were promoted to the Elite Group, whilst Railways won the Elite Group Super League, their sixth consecutive title in this competition and 11th overall.

Senior Women's One-Day Trophy
The Senior Women's One Day Trophy, previously known as the Senior Women's One Day League, is a women's List A cricket tournament held in India. It began in the 2006–07 season, with 24 teams representing state cricket associations, whilst the most recent season, 2023–24, had 37 teams competing. Railways have won the tournament 15 times, including the first and most recent season, whilst Delhi and Bengal have each won the tournament once.
November 1956 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Sunday, November 18, 1956, with an umbral magnitude of 1.3172. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 3.4 days before perigee (on November 21, 1956, at 16:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This lunar eclipse was the second of an almost tetrad, with the others being on May 24, 1956 (partial); May 13, 1957 (total); and November 7, 1957 (total).

November 1957 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Thursday, November 7, 1957, with an umbral magnitude of 1.0305. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 5.1 days after apogee (on November 2, 1957, at 11:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

This lunar eclipse was the last of an almost tetrad, with the others being on May 24, 1956 (partial); November 18, 1956 (total); and May 13, 1957 (total).
Bobbio Orosius
The Bobbio Orosius (Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana MS D. 23. Sup.) is an early 7th century Insular manuscript of the Chronicon of Paulus Orosius. The manuscript has 48 folios and measures 210 by 150 mm. It is thought to have been produced at the scriptorium of Bobbio Abbey, which was founded by Saint Columbanus in 612. It appears in an inventory of the monastic library done in 1461. The monks gave the manuscript to the Ambrosian Library when it was founded in 1606 by Cardinal Federico Borromeo.

Bobbio Abbey
Bobbio Abbey (Italian: Abbazia di San Colombano) is a monastery founded by Irish Saint Columbanus in 614, around which later grew up the town of Bobbio, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is dedicated to Saint Columbanus. It was famous as a centre of resistance to Arianism and as one of the greatest libraries in the Middle Ages. The abbey was dissolved under the French administration in 1803, although many of the buildings remain in other uses.
A46 road
The A46 is a major A road in England. It starts east of Bath, Somerset and ends in Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire, but it does not form a continuous route.  Large portions of the old road have been lost, bypassed, or replaced by motorway development.  Between Leicester and Lincoln the road follows the course of the Roman Fosse Way, but between Bath and Leicester, two cities also linked by the Fosse Way, it follows a more westerly course.

Warwick
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Warwickshire in the Warwick District in England, adjacent to the River Avon. It is 9 miles (14 km) south of Coventry, and 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Birmingham. It is adjoined with Leamington Spa and Whitnash.

Warwick has ancient origins and an array of historic buildings, notably from the Medieval, Stuart and Georgian eras. It was a major fortified settlement from the early Middle Ages, the most notable relic of this period being Warwick Castle, a major tourist attraction. Much was destroyed in the Great Fire of Warwick in 1694 and then rebuilt with fine 18th century buildings, such as the Collegiate Church of St Mary and the Shire Hall. The population was estimated at 36,665 at the 2021 Census.
Cullendale, Arkansas
Cullendale is an unincorporated community in Ouachita County, Arkansas, United States. It is part of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area and lies at an elevation of 128 ft.

The singer Little Willie John was born in Cullendale in 1937.

Camden micropolitan area, Arkansas
The Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas, anchored by the city of Camden.

As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 31,489 (though a 2016 estimate placed the population at 29,242).
Ambitransitive verb
An ambitransitive verb is a verb that is both intransitive and transitive.: 4  This verb may or may not require a direct object. English has many ambitransitive verbs. Examples include read, break, and understand (e.g., "I read the book", saying what was read, or just "I read all afternoon").

Ambitransitive verbs are common in some languages, and much less so in other languages, where valency tends to be fixed, and there are explicit valency-changing operations (such as passive voice, antipassive voice, applicatives, causatives, etc.).

Intransitive verb
In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb, aside from an auxiliary verb, whose context does not entail a transitive object. That lack of an object distinguishes intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, which entail one or more objects. Additionally, intransitive verbs are typically considered within a class apart from modal verbs and defective verbs.
Desert combat boot
A desert combat boot is a type of combat boot designed specifically for use in humid or arid regions for desert warfare, where a traditional or standard issued black leather combat boot might be deemed uncomfortable or unnecessary. Like jungle boots, desert boots may implement similar designs; such as nylon canvas sides, speed lacing, and drainage vents on the instep. Boots made for desert warfare may commonly come in colors such as tan or beige, and range from dark to lighter versions of the two.

Jungle boot
Jungle boots are a type of combat boot designed for use in jungle warfare or in hot, wet, and humid environments where a standard leather combat boot would be uncomfortable or unsuitable to wear. Jungle boots have vent holes in the arches and sometimes a canvas upper to aid in ventilation and drainage of moisture.
Daggett, Michigan
Daggett is a village in Menominee County of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 201 at the 2020 census, down from 258 in 2010. The village is located within Daggett Township and is part of the Marinette, WI–MI Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Menominee County, Michigan
Menominee County (/məˈnɒməni/ mə-NAH-mə-nee) is a county located in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,502. The county seat is Menominee. The county's name comes from an Ojibwe word meaning "wild rice eater" used to describe the Menominee people. The county was created in 1861 from the area partitioned out of Delta County, under the name of Bleeker. When the county government was organized in 1863, the name was changed to Menominee.

Menominee County is part of the Marinette, WI–MI micropolitan statistical area.
Oglio
The Oglio (Italian: [ˈɔʎʎo]; Latin: Ollius or Olius; Lombard: Òi, Cremonese: Ùi) is a left-side tributary of the river Po in Lombardy, Italy. It is 280 kilometres (170 mi) long.
In the hierarchy of the Po's tributaries, with its 280 kilometres (170 mi) of length, it occupies the 2nd place per length (after the river Adda), while it is the 4th per basin surface (after Tanaro, Adda and Ticino), and the 3rd per average discharge at the mouth (after Ticino and Adda).

Province of Mantua
The province of Mantua (Italian: provincia di Mantova; Mantuan, Lower Mantuan: pruvincia ad Mantua; Upper Mantuan: pruinsa de Mantua) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Mantua. It is bordered to the north-east by the province of Verona, to the east by the province of Rovigo, to the south by the province of Ferrara, province of Modena, province of Reggio Emilia, and province of Parma, to the west by the province of Cremona, and to the north-west by the province of Brescia.
Calgary South
Calgary South was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1953 to 1988. This riding was created in 1952 from parts of Bow River, Calgary West and Calgary East ridings.

It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Calgary Southwest and Calgary West ridings.

Calgary East
Calgary East is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1953, 1979 to 1988, 1997 to 2015, and since 2025. It has always been a lower-income urban riding in Calgary, with a sizable visible minority population.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding was restored upon the call of the 2025 Canadian federal election. It will be created out of Calgary Forest Lawn south of 16 Ave NE plus part of Vista Heights, and part of Calgary Shepard north of a line following 130 Ave SE to 52 St SE to Glenmore Trail.
Clásico El Ensayo
The Clásico El Ensayo, also known as the Clásico El Ensayo Mega for sponsorship reasons, is a Group 1 flat horse race in Chile open to three-year-olds, run at Club Hípico de Santiago in Santiago, run over a distance of 2,400 metres (1.5 mi). The race was first held in 1873, making it the fourth oldest horse race in the Americas (after the Queen's Plate, Travers Stakes, and Belmont Stakes), and the oldest in Latin America.

It is generally considered the most important horse race in Chile, on par with the Epsom Derby, the American classics, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in France and the Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini in Argentina. It is the first race in the Chilean Triple Crown.

El Ensayo is restricted to only horses that have won at least one race.

Haras Don Alberto
Haras Don Alberto (also Stud Haras Don Alberto, Don Alberto Stables) is a thoroughbred racehorse breeding and training farm from Chile that has expanded to include operations in Argentina, England, and the United States. It is a subsidiary of Bethia Holding.
Onda Thana Mahavidyalaya
Onda Thana Mahavidyalaya is the general degree college in Murakata, Onda, Bankura district. It offers undergraduate courses in arts. This college was stablished in the year of 2007 vide Memo No 510 Edn (CS) dated 28.05.2007. It is affiliated to Bankura University.

Bankura University
Bankura University is a public state university in Bankura, West Bengal, India. It was established by an Act of the West Bengal legislature. It currently offers courses at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Edenwald Houses
Edenwald Houses are a housing project in the Eastchester and Laconia neighborhoods of the Bronx, New York City. Established on October 30, 1953, the project consists of forty buildings, 3 and 14 stories tall with 2,039 apartment units. It covers a 48.88-acre development is bordered by Grenada Place, East 225th Street, Baychester Avenue, Schieffelin Avenue and Laconia Avenues. It is owned and managed by New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) and is the largest development in the Bronx.  The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in  2024.

Eastchester, Bronx
Eastchester is a working-class neighborhood in the northeast Bronx in New York City. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are the Bronx-Westchester County border to the north, the New England Thruway to the east, Baychester Avenue to the south, and the intersection of 233rd Street and Baychester Avenue to the west. Boston Road is the primary thoroughfare through Eastchester and Dyre Avenue is the main commercial street. Eastchester includes the sub-neighborhood of Edenwald.

Eastchester is part of Bronx Community Board 12, and its ZIP Codes include 10466 and 10475. The area is patrolled by the 47th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
Timeline of the administrative division of Russia 1708–1764
The administrative division reform of 1708 was carried out by Russian Tsar Peter the Great in an attempt to improve the manageability of the vast territory of Russia. Prior to the reform, the country was subdivided into uyezds and volosts, and in the 17th century the number of the uyezds was 166.

Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Saint Petersburg. The governorate was composed of 44,613 square kilometres (17,225 mi2) of area and 2,112,033 inhabitants. It was bordered by Estonian and Livonian Governorates to the west, Pskov Governorate to the south, Novgorod Governorate to the east, Olonets Governorate to the northeast, and Vyborg Governorate of the Grand Duchy of Finland to the north. The governorate covered most of the areas of modern Leningrad Oblast and Ida-Viru, Jõgeva, Tartu, Põlva, and Võru counties of Estonia.
Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations
The following are the list of Indonesian diplomats that served as Permanent Representative of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations:

Lambertus Nicodemus Palar, 1950–1953

Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro, 1953–1957

Ali Sastroamidjojo, 1957–1960

Sukarjo Wiryopranoto, 1960–1962

Lambertus Nicodemus Palar, 1962–1965

Ruslan Abdulgani, 1967–1971

Yoga Sugama, 1971–1974

Chaidir Anwar Sani, 1974–1979

Abdullah Kamil, 1979–1982

Ali Alatas, 1982–1988

Nana Sutresna, 1988–1992

Nugroho Wisnumurti, 1992–1997

Makarim Wibisono, 1997–2001

Makmur Widodo, 2001–2004

Rezlan Ishar Jenie, 2004–2007

Marty Natalegawa, 2007–2009

Hassan Kleib, 2010–2011

Desra Percaya, 2012–2015

Dian Triansyah Djani, 2016–2021

Arrmanatha Nasir, 2021-2024

Umar Hadi, 2025-present

Desra Percaya
Desra Percaya (born 20 April 1961) is an Indonesian diplomat who, since 2020, serves as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Kingdom, accredited to Ireland and the International Maritime Organization.