hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chiltern Hundreds
The Chiltern Hundreds is an ancient administrative area in Buckinghamshire, England, composed of three ancient hundreds and lying partially within the Chiltern Hills. "Taking the Chiltern Hundreds" refers to one of the legal fictions used to effect resignation from the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Since Members of Parliament are not permitted to resign, they are instead appointed to an "office of profit under the Crown", which requires MPs to vacate their seats. The ancient office of Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Chiltern Hundreds, having been reduced to a mere sinecure by the 17th century, was first used by John Pitt (of Encombe) in 1751 to vacate his seat in the House of Commons. Other titles were also later used for the same purpose, but only those of the Chiltern Hundreds and the Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead are still in use.

Chiltern Hills
The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England to the northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1700 sq km) across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire and stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in the southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest.

In 1964, 833 square kilometres - almost half of the Chiltern Hills - were designated by the Countryside Commission
as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) under the powers established by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

The northwest boundary of the Chilterns is clearly defined by the escarpment. The dip slope is by definition more gradual and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames. The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire.
John Russell (diplomat)
Sir John Wriothesley Russell GCVO CMG (22 August 1914 – 3 August 1984) was a British diplomat and ambassador.

He was the only son of Thomas Wentworth Russell, better known as Russell Pasha, who was descended from John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford.

He was educated at Eton College and graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1935 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.). He was part of the British Embassy in Moscow in 1941 and in 1956, also with a M.A. degree, after which he was awarded a CMG in the 1958 Birthday Honours. He was British Ambassador to Ethiopia, 1962–1966, was awarded a KCVO in 1965, being British Ambassador to Brazil, 1966–1969, GCVO in 1968, and British Ambassador to Spain, 1969 – 1974.

He was married to Aliki Diplarakou, the first Greek Miss Europe, and had a son, Alexander, and a daughter, Georgiana.

He was interviewed briefly in the famous documentary series The World At War in 1973.

Thomas Wentworth Russell
Sir Thomas Wentworth Russell (22 November 1879 – 10 April 1954), better known as Russell Pasha, was a British police officer in the Egyptian service. He was the fourth child and third son of the Rev. Henry Charles Russell, the grandson of the sixth Duke of Bedford, and his wife, Leila Louisa Millicent Willoughby, the daughter of the eighth Baron Middleton.

As the director of the Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau (CNIB), Russell Pasha became an anti-drug campaigner when he realised that opium, heroin, cocaine and hashish were being smuggled into Egypt in great and increasing quantities.

Al Jazeera writes:

"Thomas Russell Pasha, who reached the highest administrative and functional ranks during his long service in the Egyptian Ministry for a period of 44 years, was a shrewd British man in Egypt, and one of the most important figures who laid the foundations for the emergence and development of the security apparatus in Egypt before the 1952 revolution."
Chapa Dara District
Chapa Dara District (Pashto: چپه دره ولسوالۍ) is situated in the western part of Kunar Province in eastern Afghanistan. It has a population of around 100,000 residents as of 2023. The majority are ethnic Pashtuns. There may also be some Pashai. The district consists of a mountainous terrain. The capital of the district is Chapa Dara.

Chapa Dara District borders Nuristan Province to the north and northwest, Laghman Province to the southwest, and the Pech and Nurgal districts of Kunar Province to the east and south respectively. In the Digal valley region, remnants of the Indo-Aryan Nangalami (Grangali) language is still spoken in two villages.

Nurgal District
Nurgal District is in the western part of Kunar Province in Afghanistan, 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the town of Asadabad, near the city of Jalalabad. It borders Nangarhar Province to the west and south, Chapa Dara district to the north and Chawkay and Khas Kunar districts to the east.

The population of Nurgal district is approximately 28,000 (2006). In 2002, it was wholly populated by Pashtuns. The district center is the village of Nurgal, located in the south,in the valley of the Kunar river. Approximately 70% of the houses were destroyed during the Soviet–Afghan War. The area is mostly mountainous and it lacks in irrigation necessary for farming. Many residents look for work abroad, due to the lack of resources, health care, and education.
Cadence Ensemble
Cadence Ensemble is an Armenian musical ensemble formed in February 2004 in the country's capital Yerevan by five Armenian classically trained musicians. Initially specialising on works by Argentinian composer Astor Piazzolla, they later included a wider repertoire of American, Armenian, Russian and other European classical and contemporary music.

Music of Armenia
The music of Armenia (Armenian: հայկական երաժշտություն haykakan yerazhshtut’yun) has its origins in the Armenian highlands, dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE, and is a long-standing musical tradition that encompasses diverse secular and religious, or sacred, music (such as the sharakan Armenian chant and taghs, along with the indigenous khaz musical notation). Folk music was notably collected and transcribed by Komitas Vardapet, a prominent composer and musicologist, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who is also considered the founder of the modern Armenian national school of music. Armenian music has been presented internationally by numerous artists, such as composers Aram Khachaturian, Alexander Arutiunian, Arno Babajanian, Haig Gudenian, and Karen Kavaleryan as well as by traditional performers such as duduk player Djivan Gasparyan.
Blohm+Voss
Blohm+Voss (B+V), also written historically as Blohm & Voss, Blohm und Voß etc., is a German shipbuilding and engineering company. Founded in Hamburg in 1877 to specialise in steel-hulled ships, its most famous product was the World War II battleship Bismarck. In the 1930s, its owners established the Hamburger Flugzeugbau aircraft manufacturer which, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, adopted the name of its parent company. Following a difficult period after the war, B+V was revived, changing ownership among several owners, such as Thyssen Group and Star Capital.

In 2016 it became a subsidiary of Lürssen and supplied both the military and civilian markets before becoming subsidiary of Rheinmetall in 2025.

The company  serves two areas – new construction of warships as NVL B.V. & Co. KG, and new construction and refitting of megayachts.

MV Aurora (1955)
MV Aurora was a cruise ship built in Germany in 1955. After several changes of ownership and name, as of 2024 she was moored in Stockton, California, United States, and was undergoing restoration until May 22 when she began to take on water and partially sank, damaging it beyond repair. In December 2024, the ship was towed away for scrapping, which was completed May 13, 2025.
Grumman HU-16 Albatross
The Grumman HU-16 Albatross is a large, twin-radial engined amphibious flying boat that was used by the United States Air Force (USAF), the U.S. Navy (USN), the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and the Royal Canadian Air Force primarily as a search and rescue (SAR) aircraft. Originally designated as the SA-16 for the USAF and the JR2F-1 and UF-1 for the USN and USCG, it was redesignated as the HU-16 in 1962.

Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport
Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport (IATA: MLG, ICAO: WARA; formerly WIAS) is an airport serving Malang, the second-largest city in East Java province of Indonesia.  This airport is named after Abdul Rachman Saleh (1909-1947), an Indonesian aviator and physiologist whose aircraft was shot down by the Dutch while landing in Maguwo Airfield (now Adisucipto Airport), Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, during the Indonesian National Revolution. In addition to functioning as a commercial airport, the facility is also a Type A airbase of the Indonesian Air Force. It serves as the primary base for the 4th, 21st, and 32nd Air Squadrons.
Roman I of Kiev
Roman Rostislavich (Ukrainian and Russian: Роман Ростиславич; died 1180) was Prince of Smolensk (1160–1172; 1177–1180), Grand Prince of Kiev (1171–1173; 1175–1177), and Prince of Novgorod (1178–1179). He was the son of Rostislav Mstislavich.

Temporarily installed as grand prince of Kiev in July 1171, he was quickly replaced by Andrey Bogolyubsky's brother, Mikhail of Vladimir.

He had a son: Mstislav III of Kiev.

Prince of Smolensk
The Prince of Smolensk was the kniaz, the ruler or sub-ruler, of the Rus' Principality of Smolensk, a lordship based on the city of Smolensk. It passed between different groups of descendants of Grand Prince Iaroslav I of Kiev until 1125, when following the death of Vladimir Monomakh the latter's grandson Rostislav Mstislavich was installed in the principality, while the latter's father Mstislav I Vladimirovich became Grand Prince. It gained its own bishopric in 1136. It was Rostislav's descendants, the Rostaslavichi, who ruled the principality until the fifteenth-century. Smolensk enjoyed stronger western ties than most Rus' principalities.
Hedwig of Silesia
Hedwig of Silesia (also Hedwig of Andechs, German: Heilige Hedwig von Andechs, Silesian: Śwjynto Hyjdla, Latin: Hedvigis; 1174 – 15 October 1243), a member of the Bavarian comital House of Andechs, was Duchess of Silesia from 1201 and of Greater Poland from 1231 as well as High Duchess consort of Poland from 1232 until 1238.  She was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1267 by Pope Clement IV.

Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga, Trzebnica
Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga in Trzebnica, also known as Trzebnica Abbey, was a convent for Cistercian nuns in Trzebnica, north of Wrocław, in Lower Silesia, Poland. Founded in 1203, it was abandoned for a few decades during the 19th century, and was subsequently taken over by the Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo in 1889.
Bapudham Motihari – Anand Vihar Terminal Amrit Bharat Express
The 15567/15568 Bapudham Motihari – Anand Vihar Terminal Amrit Bharat Express is India's 7th Non-AC Superfast Amrit Bharat Express train. It connects Motihari, the headquarters of the East Champaran district in Bihar with national capital, New Delhi.

This express train was inaugurated on July 18, 2025 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Anand Vihar Terminal railway station
Anand Vihar Terminal (station code: ANVT), a railway station under the Delhi Division of the Northern Railway zone of Indian Railways, is located in Anand Vihar in Delhi. Anand Vihar Terminal, along with Delhi Junction (Old Delhi), New Delhi, and Hazrat Nizamuddin, comprises one of the major long-distance railway terminals of Delhi. Spread over 42 hectares (100 acres), the terminal is one of the largest railway stations in Delhi, handling the vast majority of east-bound trains originating from Delhi to the states of UP, Bihar, West Bengal and beyond. The station also serves as a stop for Delhi Suburban Railway. The station is integrated with the Anand Vihar RRTS station of Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System, Anand Vihar ISBT, and Anand Vihar metro station.
Sigatoka
Sigatoka (Fijian pronunciation: [siŋatoka] ⓘ, Fiji Hindi: सिन्गातोका) is a town in Fiji. It is on the island of Viti Levu at the mouth of the Sigatoka River, for which it is named, some 61 kilometres from Nadi. Its population at the 2017 census was 17,622. It is the principal urban centre for the province of Nadroga-Navosa.

An ornate temple, open to public and built by Hare Krishna devotees, dominates the Sigatoka skyline. Major tourist attractions include the Sigatoka Sand Dunes near Kulukulu village, two kilometres northwest of Sigatoka; and the Kula Eco Park, with some 500 birds of 100 species from many tropical countries. The town is also the principal centre for Fiji's coastal tourism belt—the Coral Coast—which has many of the country's leading hotels and resorts.

Nadroga-Navosa Province
Nadroga-Navosa (Nadroga: Nadroga-Navoha) is one of the fourteen provinces of Fiji and one of eight based in Viti Levu, Fiji's largest island. It is about 2,385 square kilometers and occupies the South-West and Central areas of Viti Levu, Fiji's principal island. The province includes the Mamanuca Archipelago, Malolo Islands, off the west coast of Viti Levu, Vatulele (or Vahilele in the Nadroga dialect), as well as the remote Conway Reef in the southwest.
New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition
The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) describes a series of scientific explorations of the continent Antarctica. The expeditions were notably active throughout the 1950s and 1960s.

Lillie Range
The Lillie Range (84°50′S 170°25′W﻿ / ﻿84.833°S 170.417°W﻿ / -84.833; -170.417) in Antarctica extends northward from the Prince Olav Mountains (in the vicinity of Mount Fisher) to the Ross Ice Shelf. Mounts Hall, Daniel, Krebs and Mason are in the range.
2022 Prime Volleyball League
2022 Prime Volleyball League (also known as PVL 2022, or for sponsorship reasons, RuPay PVL 2022) is the inaugural season of the Prime Volleyball League, a franchise based Indian Indoor Volleyball League which is organized by Baseline Ventures. This edition of the league will feature seven teams from Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Calicut, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi and Kolkata and the tournament is scheduled to be held at Gachibowli Indoor Stadium in Hyderabad from 5 to 27 February 2022.

Prime Volleyball League
Prime Volleyball League is a professional men's indoor volleyball league in India. The inaugural season took place in February 2022. The league is an initiative of Baseline Ventures with no involvement from Volleyball Federation of India and a rechristened version of the Pro Volleyball League which was held in February 2019. Sony Pictures Networks India is the official broadcaster of the league. Bengaluru Torpedoes are the defending champions having defeated the Mumbai Meteors in the 2025 PVL final.
Vietnamese Quoted-Readable
Vietnamese Quoted-Readable (usually abbreviated VIQR), also known as Vietnet, is a convention for writing Vietnamese using ASCII characters encoded in only 7 bits, making possible for Vietnamese to be supported in computing and communication systems at the time. Because the Vietnamese alphabet contains a complex system of diacritical marks, VIQR requires the user to type in a base letter, followed by one or two characters that represent the diacritical marks.

VPSKeys
VPSKeys is a freeware input method editor developed and distributed by the Vietnamese Professionals Society (VPS). One of the first input method editors for Vietnamese, it allows users to add accent marks to Vietnamese text on computers running Microsoft Windows. The first version of VPSKeys, supporting Windows 3.1, was released in 1993. The most recent version is 4.3, released in October 2007.
Marnate
Marnate is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 km northwest of Milan and about 20 km south of Varese. As of 31 December 2018, it had a population of 7,936 and an area of 4.8 km².

The municipality of Marnate contains the frazione (subdivision) Nizzolina.

Marnate borders the following municipalities: Castellanza, Gorla Minore, Olgiate Olona, Rescaldina.

One of the main place in Marnate is called Marnate's Bunker which is a military monument of II World War.

Rescaldina
Rescaldina (Italian pronunciation: [reskalˈdiːna]) is a comune (municipality) that is part of the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, with a population of 14,211 (as of 1 January 2019) distributed over about 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi), and located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Milan.
Herkimer County, New York
Herkimer County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,139. Its county seat is Herkimer. The county was created in 1791 north of the Mohawk River out of part of Montgomery County. It is named after General Nicholas Herkimer, who died from battle wounds in 1777 after taking part in the Battle of Oriskany during the Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.

Herkimer County is part of the Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Nicholas Herkimer
Brigadier General Nicholas Herkimer (also known as Nikolaus Herchheimer; c. 1728 – August 16, 1777) was an American militia officer who served in the French and Indian War and American Revolutionary War. He died in 1777 from wounds suffered during the Battle of Oriskany.
Hadban Enzahi
Hadban Enzahi, foaled 15 August 1952 in El Zahraa, Egypt, and died of heatstroke on 22 July 1975, was a gray Arabian stallion imported from Egypt, who stood at the Marbach stud in Germany. Sired by Nazeer out of Kamla,  Georg Wenzler brought him to Germany in November 1955, along with his half sister Nadya.

He sired many offspring over 19 seasons, many of which were exported worldwide and won numerous championships.

Made by German artist Ingo Koblischek, a life-size commemorative bronze statue of him stands in the grounds of Marbach Stud.

Nazeer (horse)
Nazeer (foaled 9 August 1934 in Egypt) was a gray Arabian stallion from Egypt. He was sired by Mansour out of Bint Samiha.

He sired many offspring, among the best-known were Aswan, Ansata Ibn Halima, Hadban Enzahi (1952), and Morafic.

His maternal great-grandsire, Sotamm, was a horse of bloodlines all tracing to the horses imported by Wilfrid and Lady Anne Blunt from stud of Ali Pasha Sherif.  Sotamm was born in England, and then sold to the Egyptian government by Lady Wentworth of the Crabbet Arabian Stud.
Ram Kishan
Ram Kishan (7 November 1913 – 1971) was the 4th Chief Minister of Punjab from 7 July 1964 to 5 July 1966. He was a senior member of the Indian National Congress party. Additionally he is a recognized member of India's freedom struggle against the British and was an associate professor in the political science department at Oakland University. Kishan was awarded the title of "Comrade" due to his extensive involvement in India's freedom struggle from British rule.

Chief Minister of Punjab, India
The chief minister of Punjab is the head of the government of Punjab. As per the Constitution of India, the Governor of Punjab is the state's head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Punjab Legislative Assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.
Abdel Khaliq Mahjub
Abdel Khaliq Mahjub (Arabic: عبد الخالق محجوب, romanized: ʿAbd al-Khāliq Maḥjūb) (23 September 1927 – 28 July 1971) was a Sudanese communist politician.

Mahjub was born in Omdurman. He served as the General Secretary of the Sudanese Communist Party until his death by execution in Khartum during the Gaafar Nimeiry regime. Following his execution Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud became the leader of the party.

Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud
Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud (1930 – 22 March 2012) was a Sudanese politician who was General Secretary of the Sudanese Communist Party. He succeeded Abdel Khaliq Mahjub after the latter's execution in 1971, leading the party for over four decades; his leadership was viewed as a period of long decline for the party. He stood as a candidate in the 2010 presidential election, but performed poorly. Nugud died in London in March 2012, when he was about 80 years old.
Motono, Chiba
Motono (本埜村, Motono-mura) was a village located in Inba District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Motono Village was created on April 1, 1914, through the merger of Hongo and Yawara Villages. The development of Chiba New Town greatly accelerated the development of the village, which became a bedroom community for Chiba.

As of February 2011, the village had an estimated population of 9,055 and a density of 382 persons per km2. The total area was 23.72 km2.

On March 23, 2010, Motono, along with the village of Inba (also from Inba District), was merged into the expanded city of Inzai.

Inzai
Inzai (印西市, Inzai-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of  111,266 in 45,717 households and a population density of 900 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 123.80 square kilometres (47.80 sq mi).
Michael Stanhope (died c. 1621)
Sir Michael Stanhope (c. 1549 – c. 1621), of Sudbourne, Suffolk, was an English politician. Stanhope was the youngest surviving son of Michael Stanhope and Anne Rawson.

He was a groom or gentlemen of the Privy Chamber to Elizabeth I. In November 1599 the Lord Keeper Thomas Egerton, seeking the queen's favour, asked him to give her a gift of pearls. She told Stanhope to return them to Egerton, and he thought Stanhope had let him down. Stanhope wrote to Sir Robert Cecil about this incident, and the illness of his wife's servant, which kept him from court for fear of spreading infection.

He was knighted in 1603 by King James I. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Castle Rising in 1584, Ipswich in 1597 and 1601, and for Orford in 1604.

There is a monument to him in Sudbourne church.

Groom of the Chamber
Groom of the Chamber was a position in the Household of the monarch in early modern England. Other Ancien Régime royal establishments in Europe had comparable officers, often with similar titles. In France, the Duchy of Burgundy, and in England while French was still the language of the court, the title was varlet or valet de chambre.  In German,  Danish and Russian the term was "Kammerjunker" and in Swedish the similar "Kammarjunkare".

In England after the Restoration, appointments in the King's Household included Groom of the Great Chamber, Groom of the Privy Chamber and Groom of the Bedchamber. The first two positions were appointed by Lord Chamberlain's warrant; the third, of greater importance, was a Crown appointment.
Saint John Eye Hospital Group
The St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group is a charitable foundation which operates an ophthalmic hospital in Jerusalem – one of six hospitals in the East Jerusalem Hospitals Network – and satellite eye care clinics and hospitals in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. It is a wholly owned corporate subsidiary of the Venerable Order of St John. The Hospital Group is based in Jerusalem and is the main provider of eye care in the Palestinian territories.

East Jerusalem Hospitals Network
The East Jerusalem Hospitals Network (EJHN) (Arabic: شبكة مستشفيات القدس الشرقية) is a network of six hospitals in East Jerusalem. The network was founded in 1997 with the support of Palestinian politician Faisal Husseini. The network plays a crucial role in the Palestinian health care system.