hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kozelsky Uyezd
Kozelsky Uyezd (Козе́льский уе́зд) was one of the subdivisions of the Kaluga Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kozelsk.

Kaluga Governorate
Kaluga Governorate (Russian: Калужская губерния, romanized: Kaluzhskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed in 1796–1929. Its capital was Kaluga.
Musée alsacien (Strasbourg)
The Musée alsacien (Alsatian museum) is a museum in Strasbourg in the Bas-Rhin department of France. It opened on 11 May 1907, and is dedicated to all aspects of (mostly rural) daily life in pre-industrial and early industrial Alsace. It contains over 5000 exhibits and is notable for the reconstruction of the interiors of several traditional houses. It also features a rich collection of artifacts documenting the everyday life of Alsatian Jews.

The museum is located in several Renaissance timber framed houses on the Quai Saint-Nicolas, on the banks of the Ill river. In 1917, it was bought by the city of Strasbourg.

Another, smaller, Musée alsacien exists in the city of Haguenau, 30 kilometers north of Strasbourg.

History of the Jews in Alsace
The history of the Jews in Alsace is one of the oldest in Europe. It was first attested to in 1165 by Benjamin of Tudela, who wrote about a "large number of learned men" in "Astransbourg"; and it is assumed that it dates back to around the year 1000. Although Jewish life in Alsace was often disrupted by outbreaks of pogroms, at least during the Middle Ages, and reined in by harsh restrictions on business and movement, it has had a continuous existence ever since it was first recorded. At its peak, in 1870, the Jewish community of Alsace numbered 35,000 people.
Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle
The women's 100 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of a women's event in Olympic swimming, followed closely by the 4×100 metre free relay. The competition was held from Monday to Friday, 8 to 12 July 1912.

Twenty-seven swimmers from eight nations competed.

Durack also won the gold medal, with compatriot Wylie close behind for silver.

Daisy Curwen
Daisy Curwen, later known by her married name Margaret Wright, (6 December 1889 – 25 June 1982) was a former British swimmer world record holder in the 100 m freestyle. Curwen competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, but could not start in the final race any more due to an appendectomy during the event.
Antonio Hester
Antonio Kurtis Hester (born May 22, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Terrafirma Dyip of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). In 2014, he won the Peruvian championship with Real Club de Lima and in 2018, he won the Icelandic Basketball Cup with Tindastóll. Listed at 198 cm, he primarily plays the power forward and center positions.

2017–18 Úrvalsdeild karla
The 2017–18 Úrvalsdeild karla was the 67th season of the Úrvalsdeild, the top tier men's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on October 5, 2017 and ended on April 28, 2018. KR won its fifth title in a row by defeating Tindastóll 3–1 in the Finals.
James Fannin
James Walker Fannin Jr. (January 1, 1804 – March 27, 1836) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Texian Army during the Texas Revolution. After being outnumbered and surrendering to the Mexican Army at the Battle of Coleto Creek, Fannin and his fellow prisoners of war were massacred soon afterward at Goliad, Texas, under Antonio López de Santa Anna's orders. He was memorialized in several place names, including a military training camp and a major city street in Houston.

James Bonham
James Butler Bonham (February 20, 1807 – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American soldier who died at the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution. He was a second cousin of William B. Travis and was a messenger of the Battle of the Alamo. His younger brother, Milledge Luke Bonham, was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War, and served as Governor of South Carolina from 1862 to 1864.
Vincent Stockwood
Charles Vincent Stockwood (29 June 1885 – 28 March 1958) was an  Anglican priest, the Archdeacon of Man from 1938 to 1958.

Born on 29 June 1885 he was educated at Cowbridge Grammar School and  St Catherine's College, Oxford.  Ordained in 1910 his first post was as a curate at All Saints, Camberwell after which he was Associate Secretary of the  Church Pastoral Society from 1914 to 1918. He was then Vicar of St Olave's Ramsey from 1918 to 1927 when he became Rural Dean of Douglas,  a post he held until his archdeacon’s appointment.

He died in the post on 28 March 1958.

Archdeacon of Man
The Archdeacon of Man (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Archdeacon of the Isle of Man) is a senior cleric second only to the Bishop of Sodor and Man in the Anglican Diocese of Sodor and Man (which comprises the Isle of Man). This is unusual, as in the Church of England deans are usually the senior priests of the diocese. In Sodor and Man, however, the role of dean was fulfilled by the Bishop for many years, until becoming distinct again only in October 2011. According to advice given by Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann, the Archdeacon "is the bishop's second in command", and this seniority is reflected, e.g., on Tynwald Day in the Order of the Procession, and by the fact that until 1919 the Archdeacon of Man was an ex officio member of the Legislative Council.
CSM Dacia Orăștie
Club Sportiv Municipal Dacia Orăștie 2010, commonly known as Dacia Orăștie, is a Romanian football club based in Orăștie, Hunedoara County and currently playing in the Liga IV – Hunedoara County, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. Dacia Orăștie played seven seasons in second division and fifteen seasons in third division.

Orăștie
Orăștie (Romanian pronunciation: [orəʃˈti.e]; German: Broos, Hungarian: Szászváros, Latin: Saxopolis, Transylvanian Saxon: Brooss) is a small town and municipality in Hunedoara County, south-western Transylvania, central Romania.
Outer Ring Road System
The Outer Ring Road System, or more commonly known as ORRS, is a network of major arterial roads in Singapore that forms a 19km ring road through the towns along the city fringe. The ORRS is a semi-expressway, just like the West Coast Highway. Since 1994, roads along the ORRS have been upgraded in stages to provide a smoother route to travel across the island. Roads and interchanges along the ORRS are constantly being upgraded to cater to the ever increasing traffic demand. It starts as Portsdown Avenue in Queenstown and ends as Tampines Avenue 10 in Tampines. The series of roads passes through the areas of Queenstown, Bukit Timah, Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Bishan, Toa Payoh, Geylang and Tampines.

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
Neuromedin S
Neuromedin S is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide found in the brain of humans and other mammals. It is produced in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and is related to neuromedin U. It is thought to be involved in regulation of circadian rhythm and also has appetite suppressant effects, as well as regulating the release of several other peptide hormones including vasopressin, luteinizing hormone, and oxytocin.

Neuromedin U
Neuromedin U (NmU or NMU) is a neuropeptide found in the brain of humans and other mammals, which has a number of diverse functions including contraction of smooth muscle, regulation of blood pressure, pain perception, appetite, bone growth, and hormone release. It was first isolated from the spinal cord in 1985, and named after its ability to cause smooth muscle contraction in the uterus.
Cape May County Technical High School
Cape May County Technical High School, located in Middle Township, which provides vocational and technical education to students in ninth through twelfth grades from Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Cape May County Technical School District. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 2000.

It has a Cape May Court House postal address but is not located in the census-designated place.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 587 students and 67.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.8:1. There were 199 students (33.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 44 (7.5% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Middle Township, New Jersey
Middle Township is a township in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township, and all of Cape May County, is part of the Ocean City metropolitan statistical area, and is part of the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area, also known as the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 20,380, its highest decennial census count ever and an increase of 1,469 (+7.8%) from the 2010 census count of 18,911, which in turn had reflected an increase of 2,506 (+15.3%) from the 16,405 counted at the 2000 census. The township's Cape May Court House section is the county seat of Cape May County.
Type inhabitation
In type theory, a branch of mathematical logic, in a given typed calculus, the type inhabitation problem for this calculus is the following problem: given a type  and a typing environment , does there exist a -term M such that ? With an empty type environment, such an M is said to be an inhabitant of .

Type theory
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system. Type theory is the academic study of type systems.

Some type theories serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation of mathematics. Two influential type theories that have been proposed as foundations are:

Typed λ-calculus of Alonzo Church

Intuitionistic type theory of Per Martin-Löf

Most computerized proof-writing systems use a type theory for their foundation. A common one is Thierry Coquand's calculus of inductive constructions.
Fanny Drew
Fanny Drew is a Canadian film producer, who was a cofounder of Colonelle Films with Sarah Mannering and Geneviève Dulude-De Celles. She is most noted as producer of the 2018 film A Colony (Une colonie), which was the winner of the Canadian Screen Award for Best Motion Picture at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019.

Geneviève Dulude-De Celles
Geneviève Dulude-De Celles is a Canadian film director, who received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Director at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019 for her debut feature film A Colony (Une colonie).
42nd Infantry Division (United States)
The 42nd Infantry Division (42ID) ("Rainbow") is a division of the United States Army National Guard. It was nicknamed the Rainbow Division because, during rapid mobilization for service in WWI, it was formed from 27 National Guard units from across the US. The division was engaged in four major operations between July 1918 and the armistice in November 1918, and demobilized in 1919. Since World War I, the 42nd Infantry Division has served in World War II and the global war on terrorism (GWOT).

The division is currently headquartered at the Glenmore Road Armory in Troy, New York. The division headquarters is a unit of the New York Army National Guard.  The division currently includes Army National Guard units from fourteen different states, including Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. As of 2007, 67 percent of 42ID soldiers are located in New York and New Jersey.

44th Infantry Brigade Combat Team
The 44th Infantry Brigade Combat Team is an infantry brigade combat team of the New Jersey National Guard. It is headquartered at the Lawrenceville Armory in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, United States. The 44th Infantry Brigade Combat Team is the major unit of the New Jersey Army National Guard. It consists of three light infantry battalions, a field artillery battalion, a cavalry squadron, an engineer battalion, and a support battalion.
Elbit Hermes 450
The Hermes 450 is a medium-sized multi-payload unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed by Israeli defence company Elbit for tactical long-endurance missions. It has an endurance of over 20 hours, with a primary mission of reconnaissance, surveillance and communications relay. Payload options include electro-optical/infrared sensors, communications and electronic intelligence, synthetic-aperture radar/ground-moving target indication, electronic warfare, and hyperspectral sensors.

Spike (missile)
Spike (Hebrew: ספייק) is an Israeli fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile and anti-personnel missile with a tandem-charge high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead. As of 2024, it is in its sixth generation. It was developed and designed by the Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It is available in man-portable, vehicle-launched, helicopter-launched and maritime variants.

The missile can engage and destroy targets within the line-of-sight of the launcher ("fire-and-forget"), and some variants can make a top attack through a "fire, observe and update" method (essentially lock-on after launch); the operator tracking the target, or switching to another target, optically through the trailing fiber-optic wire (or RF link in the case of the vehicle-mounted, long-range NLOS variant) while the missile is climbing to altitude after launch. This is similar to the lofted trajectory flight profile of the US FGM-148 Javelin.
Frank Welsman
Frank Squire Welsman (20 December 1873 – 2 July 1952) was a Canadian conductor, pianist, composer and music educator. He began his career as a concert pianist, but ultimately earned his place in Canadian history for establishing Toronto's first symphony orchestra of any standing, the Toronto Symphony Orchestra (no relation to the current orchestra of that name) which was active from 1906 to 1918.  As a composer he wrote a few songs and some instrumental pieces, mostly works for solo piano. His grandson John Welsman is a notable film score composer and his granddaughter Carol Welsman is a successful jazz pianist and singer.

The Royal Conservatory of Music
The Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM; French: Conservatoire royal de musique), branded as The Royal Conservatory, is a non-profit music education institution and performance venue headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1886 by Edward Fisher as The Toronto Conservatory of Music. In 1947, King George VI incorporated the organization through royal charter. Its Toronto home was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1995, in recognition of the institution's influence on music education in Canada. Tim Price is the current Chair of the Board, and Alexander Brose is the President and CEO.
All Pakistan Muttahidda Students Organization
The All Pakistan Muttahida Students Organization (APMSO; Urdu: (آل پاکستان متحدہ اسٹوڈنٹس آرگنائزیشن)) is a Pakistani student organization notable for creating a political party: the Muhajir Quami Movement, now called the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM).

APMSO was founded by Altaf Hussain along with other students including Azeem Ahmed Tariq, Dr. Imran Farooq on Sunday, 11 June 1978 at Karachi University. It was one of the founding members of the United Student Movement.  Hussain also  served as a 1st Chairman of organization while Azeem Ahmed Tariq served as 1st General Secretary of the organization.

United Student Movement
United Student Movement was united front of several left-wing student federations in Pakistan. It was founded around 1980.  It included All Pakistan Muhajir Students Organisation, Baloch Students Federation, Democratic Students Federation, National Students Federation, and Peoples Students Federation. Its main opponent in elections was the right-wing Islami Jamiat Talaba (IJT).  NOTE - the references cited in the sections cite different dates (1979 and 1981) and a slightly different list of original member organisations.
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor.

Bankrupt is not the only legal status that an insolvent person may have, meaning the term bankruptcy is not a synonym for insolvency.

Debt restructuring
Debt restructuring is a process that allows a private or public company or a sovereign entity facing cash flow problems and financial distress to reduce and renegotiate its delinquent debts to improve or restore liquidity so that it can continue its operations.

Replacement of old debt by new debt when not under financial distress is called "refinancing". Out-of-court restructurings, also known as workouts, are increasingly becoming a global reality.
John Bidwell
John Bidwell (August 5, 1819 – April 4, 1900), known in Spanish as Don Juan Bidwell, was an American pioneer, politician, and soldier. Bidwell is known as the founder of the city of Chico, California. He served in the California Senate and then in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Annie Bidwell
Annie Kennedy Bidwell (June 30, 1839 – March 9, 1918) was a 19th-century pioneer and founder of society in the Sacramento Valley area of California.  She is known for her contributions to social causes, such as women's suffrage, the temperance movement, donating parks for travelers to camp and sleep in and education.  Annie Bidwell was a friend and correspondent of Susan B. Anthony, Frances Willard, and John Muir.
International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) is the international sports federation for the sliding sports of Bobsleigh and Skeleton. It was founded on 23 November 1923 by the delegates of Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States at the meeting of their first International Congress in Paris, France as the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (International Federation of Bobsleigh and Tobogganing; FIBT). In June 2015, it announced a name change from FIBT to IBSF. The federation's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IBSF works closely with the IOC to conduct Winter Olympics every four years. Along with the Winter Olympics, the IBSF hosts World Championships the other three years. The races are hosted on tracks in North America, Europe, and Asia. The tracks are shared with the sport of Luge, although that is managed under a different governing body, the International Luge Federation.

IBSF World Championships (bobsleigh and skeleton)
The IBSF World Championships (known as the FIBT World Championships until 2015), part of the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, have taken place on an annual basis since 1930. Starting with 2002, World Championships are not being held in Winter Olympic years. A two-man event was included in 1931 with a combined championship occurring in 1947. Men's skeleton was introduced as a championship of its own in 1982 while women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were introduced in 2000. Both the women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were merged with the men's bobsleigh events at the 2004 championships. A mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh, was held from 2007 to 2019. In 2020 it was replaced with skeleton mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's and women's skeleton. Women's monobob event was included in 2021.
Tokiwa Gozen
Tokiwa Gozen (常盤御前) (1138 – c. 1180), or Lady Tokiwa, was a Japanese noblewoman of the late Heian period and mother of the great samurai general Minamoto no Yoshitsune. Sources disagree as to whether she was a concubine or wife to Minamoto no Yoshitomo, of which she bore Minamoto no Yoshitsune.  She was later captured by Taira no Kiyomori, but escaped.

After leaving Kiyomori, Tokiwa married Fujiwara no Naganari. She had children with him.

Lady Tokiwa is primarily associated, in literature and art, with an incident in which she fled through the snow, protecting her young sons with her robes, during the Heiji Rebellion in 1160.

She is also known as Hotoke Gozen, or Lady Buddha.

Minamoto no Yoshitomo
Minamoto no Yoshitomo (源 義朝) (1123 – 11 February 1160) was the head of the Minamoto clan and a general of the late Heian period of Japanese history.  His son Minamoto no Yoritomo became shōgun and founded the Kamakura shogunate, the first shogunate in the history of Japan.

His Dharma name was Shōjō Juin (勝定寿院).
Lumière Award for Best Actress
The Lumière Award for Best Actress (French: Lumière de la meilleure actrice) is an annual award presented by the Académie des Lumières since 1996.

Isabelle Huppert was the first winner for La Cérémonie in 1996, while Léa Drucker is the most recent winner for Case 137 in 2026.

Lumière Awards
The Lumière Awards (French: Prix Lumières), officially the Lumières de la presse internationale, are French film awards presented by the Académie des Lumières to honor the best in the French-speaking cinema of the previous year. The awards ceremony is organized by the Académie des Lumières which consists of over 200 representatives of the international press based in Paris. Today they are regarded as one of the most prestigious French film industry awards, and are considered France's equivalent to the Golden Globe Awards.
Van's Aircraft
Van's Aircraft, Inc. is an American kit aircraft manufacturer founded by Richard VanGrunsven in 1973. The Van's RV series aircraft are all-aluminum, low-wing monoplanes of monocoque construction. In 2023, over 11,000 Van's aircraft were flying worldwide, making up one third of the USA's experimental aircraft fleet.

The Van's Aircraft factory is located at Aurora State Airport, Oregon. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in December 2023.

Van's Aircraft RV-8
The Van's RV-8 is a tandem two-seat, single-engine, low-wing homebuilt aircraft sold in kit form by Van's Aircraft.  The RV-8 is equipped with conventional landing gear, while the RV-8A version features tricycle landing gear. The design is similar to the earlier RV-4, although it is larger than that earlier model.
Kamešnica (river)
Kamešnica is a river in northern Croatia, a left tributary of the Črnec. It is 38 kilometres (24 mi) long.

Kamešnica rises on the southern slopes of Kalnik near the eponymous village of Kamešnica. It flows to the southwest, passes west of Križevci and flows into the Črnec near the village Erdovec, part of  Križevci.

Črnec (Glogovnica)
Črnec is a river in Croatia, a tributary of the Glogovnica, monitored by the government as it is longer than 20 km (12 mi).

Črnec rises on the slopes of the Kalnik near Vojnovec Kalnički and flows southward. After it passes Selnica Miholečka it receives the Reka from the right and near Miholec it receives Klenovec from the left. Near Gregurovec it receives the Vranča from the right, and after Srednji Dubovec it receives the Kamešnica from the left. Near Potočec it receives the Velika from the right, and soon flows into the Glogovnica near Koritna.