hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Delay (audio effect)
Delay is an audio signal processing technique that records an input signal to a storage medium and then plays it back after a period of time. When the delayed playback is mixed with the live audio, it creates an echo-like effect, whereby the original audio is heard followed by the delayed audio. The delayed signal may be played back multiple times, or fed back into the recording, to create the sound of a repeating, decaying echo.

Delay effects range from a subtle echo effect to a pronounced blending of previous sounds with new sounds. Delay effects can be created using tape loops, an approach developed in the 1940s and 1950s and used by artists including Elvis Presley and Buddy Holly.

Analog effects units were introduced in the 1970s; digital effects pedals in 1984; and audio plug-in software in the 2000s.

Precedence effect
The precedence effect or law of the first wavefront is a binaural psychoacoustical effect concerning sound reflection and the perception of echoes. When two versions of the same sound presented are separated by a sufficiently short time delay (below the listener's echo threshold), listeners perceive a single auditory event; its perceived spatial location is dominated by the location of the first-arriving sound (the first wave front). The lagging sound does also affect the perceived location; however, its effect is mostly suppressed by the first-arriving sound.

The Haas effect was described in 1949 by Helmut Haas in his Ph.D. thesis. The term "Haas effect" is often loosely taken to include the precedence effect which underlies it.
Bacalao (phantom island)
Bacalao, Bacallao, or Terra do Bacalhau was a phantom island depicted on several early 16th century Portuguese maps and nautical charts. The name is a variation of bacalhau, meaning "cod" or "stockfish".

According to Gaspar Frutuoso in his work Saudades da Terra, written in the 1570s, a joint crew of Didrik Pining, John Scolvus, Hans Pothorst, Álvaro Martins, and João Vaz Corte-Real in 1472 was granted lands in the Azores by the king of Portugal, because of his discovery of the Terras do Bacalhau. Historians do not consider the work of Frutuoso as very reliable, as it contains a great deal of misinformation.

Off the northwest tip of Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula is an island named Bacalaos,  known to Europeans by that name since at least 1556, when it was drawn on the Gastaldi map as "Bacalaos".

João Vaz Corte-Real
João Vaz Corte-Real (c. 1420 – 1496) was a Portuguese sailor, claimed by some accounts to have been an explorer of a land called Terra Nova do Bacalhau (New Land of the Codfish), speculated to possibly have been a part of North America. These accounts assert that Corte-Real was awarded the donatário–captaincies of São Jorge and Angra for his accomplishments, but contemporary documents contradict this claim.
Recruiting Service Ribbon
The Recruiting Service Ribbon is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which is issued by every branch of service. The United States Army previously only had the Army Recruiting Badge but this has since changed as of 2023 with the Army Recruiting Ribbon. The Recruiting Service Ribbon recognizes those military service members who have completed a successful tour as a military recruiter in one of the United States Military Recruiting Commands.

Marine Corps Recruiting Command
The Marine Corps Recruiting Command is a command of the United States Marine Corps responsible for military recruitment of civilians into the Corps. In addition to finding volunteers to join, it is also responsible for preparing them for United States Marine Corps Recruit Training or Officer Candidates School.
Montgreenan railway station
Montgreenan railway station was a railway station near the village of Benslie, three miles north east of the town of Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland. The station was opened by the Glasgow and South Western Railway on the former Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway.

Montgreenan
Montgreenan is an estate in North Ayrshire, Parish of Kilwinning, Scotland. The Lugton Water runs through the policies and farmland of Montgreenan. Nearby are the hamlets of Torranyard and Auchentiber.
Đồng Hới
Đồng Hới (listenⓘ) is the former capital city of Quảng Bình Province in the north central coast of Vietnam. The city's area is 155.71 km2 (60.12 sq mi). Population as per the 2019 census was 133,672. It is served by National Highway 1A, the Đồng Hới Railway Station, and airport. By road, Đồng Hới is 486 kilometres (302 mi) south of Hanoi, 195 kilometres (121 mi) south of Vinh, 160 kilometres (99 mi) north of Huế and 1,204 kilometres (748 mi) north of Hồ Chí Minh City. It borders Quảng Ninh District on the west and south, the South China Sea on the east, Bố Trạch District on the north.

Đồng Hới has a 12-km-long coastline with white sand beaches. It is the closest city to Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, UNESCO's World Natural Heritage Site, 50 km north.

Bàu Tró
Bàu Tró (Bàu in Vietnamese dialect means pond) is a lake in Đồng Hới city, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam. This lake is an important fresh water supply for more than 130,000 inhabitants of Đồng Hới. Bàu Tró is better known for archaeological findings by French archaeologists during French Indochina periods. The artefacts found here dated back as far as 5,000 years ago, displaying important proof of human settlements in this area.
Irving Mills
Irving Harold Mills (born Isadore Minsky; January 18, 1894 Odessa, Ukraine – April 21, 1985) was a Ukrainian-American music publisher, musician, lyricist, and jazz promoter. He often used the pseudonyms Goody Goodwin and Joe Primrose.

Ben Pollack
Benjamin "Ben" Pollack (June 22, 1903 – June 7, 1971) was an American drummer and bandleader from the mid-1920s through the swing era. His eye for talent led him to employ musicians such as Benny Goodman, Jack Teagarden, Glenn Miller, Jimmy McPartland, and Harry James. This ability earned him the nickname the "Father of Swing".
Emanuel School
Emanuel School is a private, co-educational day school in Battersea, south-west London. The school was founded in 1594 by Anne Sackville, Lady Dacre and Queen Elizabeth I and today occupies a 12-acre (4.9 ha) site close to Clapham Junction railway station.

The school is part of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and at the start of the 2022-23 academic year had 1081 pupils between the ages of ten and eighteen, paying fees of £7,687 per term. It teaches the GCSE and A-Level syllabuses.

Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC), formerly known as the Headmasters' Conference and now branded HMC (The Heads' Conference), is an association of the head teachers of 351 private fee-charging schools (both boarding schools and day schools), traditionally described as public schools. 302 members are based in the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and Ireland. There are 72 international members (mostly from the Commonwealth) and also 28 associate or affiliate members who are head teachers of state schools or other influential individuals in the world of education, who endorse and support the work of HMC.
Kumbum Monastery
Kumbum Monastery (Tibetan: སྐུ་འབུམ་བྱམས་པ་གླིང་, THL Kumbum Jampa Ling), also called Ta'er Temple, is a Tibetan gompa in Lusar, Xining, Qinghai, China. It was founded in 1583 in a narrow valley close to the village of Lusar in the historical Tibetan region of Amdo. Its superior monastery is Drepung Monastery, immediately to the west of Lhasa. It is ranked in importance as second only to Lhasa.

Alexandra David-Néel
Alexandra David-Néel (born Louise Eugénie Alexandrine Marie David; 24 October 1868 – 8 September 1969) was a Belgian–French explorer, spiritualist, Buddhist, anarchist, opera singer, and writer. She is most known for her 1924 visit to Lhasa, Tibet, when it was forbidden to foreigners. David-Néel wrote over 30 books about Eastern religion, philosophy, and her travels, including Magic and Mystery in Tibet, which was published in 1929. Her teachings influenced the beat writers Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, the popularisers of Eastern philosophy Alan Watts and Ram Dass, and the esotericist Benjamin Creme.
Dilinata
Dilinata (Greek: Διλινάτα) is a village in the municipal unit of Argostoli, Cephalonia, Greece. It is situated on a mountain slope, at 400 m elevation. It is 2 km east of Davgata, 2 km north of Faraklata and 6 km northeast of Argostoli. The mountaintop of Evmorfia, elevation 1,043 m, is to the northeast. Dilinata suffered great damage from the 1953 Ionian earthquake.

It is the place of origin of Giorgos Kalafatis, the founder of Panathinaikos Athletic Club.

Davgata
Davgata (Greek: Δαυγάτα) is a village in the island of Cephalonia, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Argostoli. It is situated on a mountain slope above the eastern shore of the Gulf of Argostoli, at about 300 m elevation. Davgata is 2 km southeast of Farsa, 2 km west of Dilinata and 5 km north of Argostoli. Davgata has a Museum of Natural History, opened in 1996. The mountaintop of Evmorfia, elevation 1,043 m, lies to the northeast. Davgata was severely damaged by the 1953 Ionian earthquake.  Davgata has a natural history museum which is currently closed.
St Cleer
St Cleer (Cornish: Ryskarasek) is a civil parish and village in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated on the southeast flank of Bodmin Moor approximately two miles (3 km) north of Liskeard. The population of the parish in 2001 numbered 3257. This includes Common Moor and had increased to 3,297 at the 2011 census. An electoral ward also exists. The population at the 2011 census is 4,366.

Liskeard
Liskeard (/lɪˈskɑːrd/ ⓘ lih-SKARD; Cornish: Lyskerrys) is an ancient stannary and market town and civil parish in south-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth, 14 miles (23 km) west of the Devon border, and 12 miles (20 km) east of Bodmin. The Bodmin Moor lies to the north-west of the town. At the 2021 census the population of the parish of 10,902.
Evagrius Scholasticus
Evagrius Scholasticus (Greek: Εὐάγριος Σχολαστικός) was a Syrian scholar and intellectual living in the 6th century AD, and an aide to the patriarch Gregory of Antioch. His surviving work, Ecclesiastical History (Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ Ἱστορία), comprises a six-volume collection concerning the Church's history from the First Council of Ephesus (431) to the emperor Maurice’s reign until Scholasticus' death.

Zosimus (historian)
Zosimus (Ancient Greek: Ζώσιμος [ˈzosimos]; fl. 490s–510s) was a Greek historian who lived in Constantinople during the reign of the eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius I (491–518). According to Photius, he was a comes, and held the office of "advocate" of the imperial treasury. Zosimus was also known for condemning Constantine’s rejection of the traditional polytheistic religion.

Little more is known about the life of Zosimus except that he was Greek and a pagan. He was not a contemporary of the events of his books.
James Comet
The James Comet was a 98 cubic centimetre (cc), two-stroke, motorcycle manufactured by the James Cycle Co. and announced on 21 October 1948.  A post-World War II design, the Comet went into production in late 1948.

James Cycle Co
The James Cycle Co Ltd., Greet, Birmingham, England, was one of many British cycle and motorcycle makers based in the English Midlands, particularly Birmingham. Most of their light motorcycles, often with the characteristic maroon finish, used Villiers and, later, AMC two-stroke engines.

James were prolific bicycle and motorcycle manufacturers from 1884 to 1966. The company was taken over by Associated Motor Cycles in 1951 and combined with Francis-Barnett in 1957. In 1966 the company became one of the many British motorcycle companies forced out of business by Japanese competition.
Casey Hughes
Casey Robert Hughes is a fictional character on the soap opera As the World Turns. He is the only child of Margo Montgomery and Tom Hughes. He was last played by Zach Roerig from January 18, 2005 to May 2, 2007. From January 29, 2008 to the series' last episode on September 17, 2010, newcomer Billy Magnussen played the role.

Luke Snyder and Noah Mayer
Luke Snyder and Noah Mayer are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American CBS daytime drama As the World Turns. Luke was portrayed by Van Hansis, and Noah was portrayed by Jake Silbermann. On Internet message boards, the couple is referred to by the portmanteau "Nuke" (for Noah and Luke). They are notable for being one of American daytime television's first gay male couples.

The two made history on August 17, 2007, when the show "featured the first-ever" gay male kiss in American daytime. The YouTube video of the kiss was one of the top-watched the following day. The kiss was later labeled "legendary" and was, at the time, one of the most viewed selections in the history of YouTube with over 2 million hits.

In other press, the two were named one of television's top power couples by TV Guide and one of the great supercouples by Entertainment Weekly. They are American soap operas' first gay male supercouple.
Eastern Apoi tribe
The Eastern Apoi tribe of the Ijaw people is located in central Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The Eastern Apoi tribe is small and geographically isolated. Apoi settlements include: Keme-ebiama, Kolokologbene, Ogboinbiri, Sampou, Gbaran, Kassama, and Azama. Migrants from the Eastern Apoi clan established the Western Apoi clan in Ondo State hundreds of years ago . Also, the Arogbo tribe traces its origins to a migration from the Apoi town of Gbaran.

Western Apoi tribe
The Western Apoi tribe live in Ondo State, Nigeria. The Western Apoi tribe are also called Apoi or Ijo-Apoi. They consists of nine settlements namely Igbekebo, Igbotu, Igbobini, Inikorogha, Ipoke, Kiribo, Oboro, Ojuala and Shabomi. The Apois inhabit higher ground than most of the other Ijaw tribes. They speak a dialect of the Yoruba language called Apoi which is similar to the Ikale and Ilaje dialect. The Apois' underwent a linguistic shift centuries ago from an Ijo based dialect to Yoruba due to intermarriages and isolation from the larger delta region. They are bordered to the north and east by the Ikale and to the west and partially southwards by the Ilaje. The clan shares the other section of their southern border with the Arogbo.
Goslarite
Goslarite  is a hydrated zinc sulfate mineral (ZnSO4 · 7 H2O) which was first found in the Rammelsberg mine, Goslar, Harz, Germany. It was described in 1847. Goslarite belongs to the epsomite group which also includes epsomite (MgSO4 · 7 H2O) and morenosite (NiSO4 · 7 H2O). Goslarite is an unstable mineral at the surface and will dehydrate to other minerals like bianchite (ZnSO4 · 6 H2O), boyleite (ZnSO4 · 4 H2O) and gunningite (ZnSO4 · H2O).

Sulfate mineral
The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals that include the sulfate ion (SO2−4) within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems.

Sulfate minerals include:

Anhydrous sulfates
Barite BaSO4
Celestite SrSO4
Anglesite PbSO4
Anhydrite CaSO4
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl

Hydroxide and hydrous sulfates
Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O
Chalcanthite CuSO4·5H2O
Kieserite MgSO4·H2O
Starkeyite MgSO4·4H2O
Hexahydrite MgSO4·6H2O
Epsomite MgSO4·7H2O
Meridianiite MgSO4·11H2O
Melanterite FeSO4·7H2O
Antlerite Cu3SO4(OH)4
Brochantite Cu4SO4(OH)6
Alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Jarosite KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Löweite Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O
Distant (band)
Distant is a deathcore band from the Netherlands and Slovakia formed in 2014.

Formed in 2014, the band's first album, Tyrannotophia, came out in 2019 via Unique Leader Records. Two years later, they released ''Aeons Of Oblivion. In 2023, they released their third album Heritage after signing with Century Media Records.

In 2024, they released Tsukuyomi: The Origin, a reimagined version of their 2017 EP Tsukuyomi. The album features appearances from Alex Erian of Despised Icon, Matt Heafy of Trivium, David Simonich of Signs of the Swarm and Travis Worland of Enterprise Earth.

Signs of the Swarm
Signs of the Swarm is an American deathcore band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, formed in 2014. The band has released six studio albums, and consists of drummer Bobby Crow, vocalist David Simonich, guitarist Carl Schulz and bassist Michael Cassese.
Catecholaldehyde hypothesis
The catecholaldehyde hypothesis is a scientific theory positing that neurotoxic aldehyde metabolites of the catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine are responsible for neurodegenerative diseases involving loss of catecholaminergic neurons, for instance Parkinson's disease. The specific metabolites thought to be involved include 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL), which are formed from dopamine and norepinephrine by monoamine oxidase, respectively. These metabolites are subsequently inactivated and detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). DOPAL and DOPEGAL are monoaminergic neurotoxins in preclinical models and inhibition of and polymorphisms in ALDH are associated with Parkinson's disease. The catecholaldehyde hypothesis additionally posits that DOPAL oligomerizes with α-synuclein resulting in accumulation of oligomerized α-synuclein (i.e., synucleinopathy) and that this contributes to cytotoxicity.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), also known as dopamine aldehyde, is a metabolite of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine formed by monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Other metabolic pathways of dopamine metabolism include methylation by catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) into 3-methoxytyramine and β-hydroxylation by dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) into norepinephrine. There is also spontaneous oxidation of dopamine into dopamine quinones and reactive oxygen species.
Yarala
Yarala is a genus of fossil mammals that resemble contemporary bandicoots. The superfamily Yaraloidea and family Yaralidae were created following the discovery of the type species Yarala burchfieldi in 1995, on the basis that it lacks synapomorphies that unite all other peramelemorphian taxa.

A second species was described in 2006, which is suggested to be ancestral to Y. burchfieldi.

Bandicoot
Bandicoots are a group of more than 20 species of small to medium-sized, terrestrial, largely nocturnal marsupial omnivore in the order Peramelemorphia. They are endemic to the Australia–New Guinea region, including the Bismarck Archipelago to the east and Seram and Halmahera to the west.
Charles Napoleon Moore
Charles Napoleon Moore (1882–1967) was an American mathematician at Bowling Green State University who worked on convergence factors.

He was an Invited Speaker at the ICM in 1932 in Zürich.

His first doctoral student was Bess Marie Eversull.

Bess Marie Eversull
Bess Marie Eversull Allen (1899 – 1978) was an American mathematician and one of the few women to earn a PhD in mathematics in the United States before World War II. She was the first woman to earn a PhD in mathematics from the University of Cincinnati.
Diaperoeciidae
Diaperoeciidae is a family of bryozoans belonging to the order Cyclostomatida.

Genera:

Desmediaperoecia Canu & Bassler, 1920

Diaperaecia Canu, 1918

Diaperoecia Canu, 1918

Nevianipora Borg, 1944

Spiritopora Taylor & Gordon, 2003

Ybselosoecia Canu & Lecointre, 1933

Spiritopora
Spiritopora is a genus of marine invertebrate. The only known species is Spiritopora perplexa which is endemic to New Zealand. It is a cyclostome bryozoan, in the family Diaperoeciidae and order Cyclostomatida, described by Taylor and Gordon in 2003.

Spiritopora perplexa has been found only in Piwhane / Spirits Bay at the northern tip of the North Island of New Zealand.
Narowlya
Narowlya (Belarusian: Нароўля, romanized: Naroŭlia; Russian: Наровля, romanized: Narovlya; Polish: Narowla) is a town in Gomel Region, in south-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Narowlya District. As of 2025, it has a population of 8,388.

In 1986, the city experienced heavy radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident. Today it is located on the border of Polesie State Radioecological Reserve.

Polesie State Radioecological Reserve
The Polesie State Radioecological Reserve (PSRER; Belarusian: Палескі дзяржаўны радыяцыйна-экалагічны запаведнік, romanized: Palyeski dzyarzhawny radyyatsyyna-ekalahichny zapavyednik; Russian: Полесский государственный радиационно-экологический заповедник, romanized: Polessky gosudarstvenny radiatsionno-ekologichesky zapovednik) is a radioecological nature reserve in the Polesie region of Belarus, which was created to enclose the territory of Belarus most affected by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl disaster. The reserve adjoins the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in Ukraine. The environmental monitoring and countermeasure agency, Bellesrad, oversees the agriculture and forestry in the area.
Factory (object-oriented programming)
In object-oriented programming, a factory is an object for creating other objects; formally, it is a function or method that returns objects of a varying prototype or class from some method call, which is assumed to be new. More broadly, a subroutine that returns a new object may be referred to as a factory, as in factory method or factory function. The factory pattern is the basis for a number of related software design patterns.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).
Lateristachys
Lateristachys is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodielloideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into Lycopodiella. Lateristachys species are native to the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand.

Lycopodielloideae
Lycopodielloideae is a subfamily in the family Lycopodiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is equivalent to a broad circumscription of the genus Lycopodiella in other classifications. Like all lycophytes, members of the Lycopodielloideae are vascular plants that reproduce by spores.