hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dicastery for Legislative Texts
The Dicastery for Legislative Texts, formerly named Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, is a dicastery of the Roman Curia. It is distinct from the highest tribunal or court in the Church, which is the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, and does not have law-making authority to the degree the Pope and the Holy See's tribunals do. Its charge is the interpretation of existing canon laws, and it works closely with the Signatura and the other Tribunals and the Pope. Like the Signatura and the other two final appellate Tribunals, the Roman Rota and the Apostolic Penitentiary, it is led by a prefect who is a bishop or archbishop.

The current president of the Pontifical Council is Archbishop Filippo Iannone, the current secretary is Bishop Juan Ignacio Arrieta Ochoa de Chinchetru.

Giacomo Violardo
Giacomo Violardo (10 May 1898 – 17 March 1978) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Secretary of the Sacred Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments in the Roman Curia from 1965 to 1969, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1969.
Auxbrebis
Auxbrebis, originally also written as A Brebis when recognized as échevins (Alderman) and Patrician thereafter as aux Brebis, is an old noble family name.
The name has been attested as early as in the thirteenth century.
They are illustrated as originating from the city of Dinant as merchants and copper beaters.

Dinant
Dinant (French pronunciation: [dinɑ̃] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Namur, Belgium. On the shores of river Meuse, in the Ardennes, it lies 90 kilometres (56 mi) south-east of Brussels, 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-east of Charleroi and 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the city of Namur. Dinant is situated 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the border with France.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Anseremme, Bouvignes-sur-Meuse, Dinant, Dréhance, Falmagne, Falmignoul, Foy-Notre-Dame, Furfooz, Lisogne, Sorinnes and Thynes.
Arnaldur Indriðason
Arnaldur Indriðason  (pronounced [ˈartnaltʏr ˈɪntrɪðasɔn]; in English, written as Indridason; born 28 January 1961) is an Icelandic writer of crime fiction; his most popular series features the protagonist Detective Erlendur.

Jar City
Jar City, also known as Tainted Blood (Icelandic: Mýrin, "The Bog") (listenⓘ), is a crime novel by Icelandic author Arnaldur Indriðason, first published in Iceland in 2000. It was the first in the Detective Erlendur series to be translated into English (in 2004). In the UK, the title was changed to  Tainted Blood when the paperback edition was released.

The novel is at one level a fierce critique of the gene-gathering work of deCODE genetics:

far from reinforcing the kind of myths of Icelandic national identity promoted by eugenicists earlier in the twentieth century and re-invoked by the publicity machine around DeCODE, Indriđason’s novel uses the figure of the defective gene not only to expose and trouble national mythologies of social and familial cohesion and continuity but to ask some fundamental questions about the meaning of innocence and guilt, justice and punishment in the face of the identification of genes that bear the secret not of life but of death.
UMass Lowell River Hawks men's ice hockey
The UMass Lowell River Hawks men's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Massachusetts Lowell. It competes at the NCAA Division I level in the Hockey East Association. The team competed at the Division II level until 1983. That year the University of Lowell was raised to D1 in hockey only and joined the newly formed Hockey East Association. Thirty years later with a name change to both the school and the team, the University of Massachusetts Lowell claimed their first Hockey East regular season title and HEA Tournament championship in 2013.  The River Hawks made their first Frozen Four in 2013 as well.  UMass Lowell would repeat as Hockey East champions in 2014 and then again in 2017.

The River Hawks have played at The Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell since its opening in January 1998.

Tsongas Center
Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell (formerly Tsongas Arena) is a multi-purpose facility owned by the University of Massachusetts Lowell and located in Lowell, Massachusetts. The arena was opened on January 27, 1998, and dedicated to the memory of the late Paul Tsongas, prominent Lowell native and U.S. senator. The arena was built with $4 million in funding from both the city and the university, plus another $20 million contributed from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
San Miguel Petapa
San Miguel Petapa (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsam miˈɣel peˈtapa]) also known as Petapa is a city and municipality in the Guatemala department of Guatemala, located south of Guatemala City. The city has a population of 129,124 according to the 2018 census.

Palín, Escuintla
Palín is a municipality in the Escuintla department of Guatemala. The town of Palín, which is the municipal seat, is located on the foothills of the Sierra Madre volcanic chain, south of Guatemala City.
Michael Studdert-Kennedy
Michael Studdert-Kennedy was an American psychologist and speech scientist who lived from 1927 to 2017. He is well known for his contributions to studies of speech perception, the motor theory of speech perception, and the evolution of language, among other areas. He was a professor emeritus of psychology at the University of Connecticut and a professor emeritus of linguistics at Yale University. He was the former president (1986–1992) of Haskins Laboratories in New Haven, Connecticut. He was also a member of the Haskins Laboratories Board of Directors  and was chairman of the board from 1988 until 2001. He was the son of the priest and Christian socialist Geoffrey Studdert-Kennedy. He was married to the novelist Kathrin Perutz.

Haskins Laboratories
Haskins Laboratories, Inc. is an independent research laboratory, founded in 1935 and located in New Haven, Connecticut since 1970. Many current Haskins researchers are affiliated with  Yale University's Child Study Center and/or the University of Connecticut. Haskins is a multidisciplinary and international community of researchers who conduct basic research on spoken and written language and global literacy. A guiding perspective of their research has been to view speech and language as emerging from biological processes, including those of adaptation, response to stimuli, and conspecific interaction. Haskins Laboratories has a long history of technological and theoretical innovation, from creating systems of rules for speech synthesis and development of an early working prototype of a reading machine for the blind to developing the landmark concept of phonemic awareness as the critical preparation for learning to read an alphabetic writing system.
Courts Service
The Courts Service is a statutory body that provides administration and support services to the Courts of the Republic of Ireland. It was established in 1999 by the Courts Service Act 1998. Its head office is at Phoenix House, Smithfield, Dublin.

Courts of the Republic of Ireland
The Courts of  Ireland consist of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court, the Circuit Court, the District Court and the Special Criminal Court. With the exception of the Special Criminal Court, all courts exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction, although when the High Court is exercising its criminal jurisdiction it is known as the Central Criminal Court.

The courts apply the laws of Ireland. There are four sources of law in Ireland: the Constitution, European Union law, statute law and the common law. Under the Constitution, trials for serious offences must usually be held before a jury. Except in exceptional circumstances, court hearings must occur in public. The High Court, the Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court have authority, by means of judicial review, to determine the compatibility of the common law and statute law with the Constitution. Similarly, the courts may determine the compatibility of the common law with statute law.
Nick Mamalis
Nick Mamalis (born June 19, 1986) is an American mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Bantamweight division. A professional competitor since 2006, he has competed for Bellator and Absolute Championship Berkut.

2010 in Bellator MMA
2010 in Bellator MMA was the second installment of the Bellator Fighting Championships (Bellator FC)-produced series. It started on April 8, 2010, and ended on June 24, 2010. Tournaments were held in the featherweight, lightweight, welterweight and middleweight divisions. The winner of each tournament will get a shot at the current Bellator Champion in his respective weight class. Three of the four current Bellator Champions also fought during this season in "Super Fights". These non-tournament, non-title catch-weight fights were to help prepare the champions in defending their titles against the winners of this season's tournaments sometime in the third season.
David Seco
David Seco Amundarain (born March 17, 1973) is a Spanish professional racing cyclist. Although he is known as a cyclo cross racer he also race road. He was part of Ripolin Bondex team in the 90s. He was on the same team as Óscar Freire and Iñaki Barrenetxea, both professionals later on.

Seco retired in 2011 with over 100 victories.

Iñaki Barrenetxea
Iñaki Barrenetxea Giraldez (born 28 November 1973, Bilbao, Basque Country) is a Basque former professional road racing cyclist, who after his professional career turned jury in races and organizer of Bizkaiko Bira. In his amateur years he was part of the Base selection and joined Ripolin Bondex team having as a director Joxean Fernandez Matxin and teammates Oscar Freire and David Seco.

His father was the president of Bizcay Cyclist Federation and his younger brother, Asier, is also a cyclist.
Oldedalen
Oldedalen is a river valley in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 20-kilometre (12 mi) long valley runs north-south and ends at the Nordfjorden at the village of Olden. The south end of the valley reaches up to the great Jostedalsbreen glacier inside Jostedalsbreen National Park. The small Briksdalsbreen is a smaller arm that branches off the main Jostedalsbreen glacier, and it sits at the end of the Oldedalen valley. It is a tourist attraction due to its easy to reach location. The western side of the valley is a fairly steep wall of mountains with the Myklebustbreen glacier at the top.

The lake Oldevatnet lies in the center of the valley for most of its length. At the north end of the valley, the lake empties into the river Oldeelva, which flows into the Nordfjorden. Both the Olden Church and the historic Old Olden Church are located near the north end of the valley; the Ljosheim Chapel lies at the valley's southern end.

Old Olden Church
Old Olden Church (Norwegian: Olden gamle kyrkje) is a former parish church of the Church of Norway in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Olden at the north end of the Oldedalen valley. Until 1934, the church was the parish church for the Olden parish which is part of the Nordfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. Since 1934, the church has been used for special occasions and functions mostly as a museum. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1759 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church is the only existing cruciform church in Nordfjord. The church seats about 250 people.
Mohammed bin Salman Al Khalifa
Mohammed bin Salman Al Khalifa (Arabic: محمد بن سلمان آل خليفة; 1940 – 9 November 2009) was the youngest of three sons of the hakim of Bahrain, Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa. His eldest brother, Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, succeeded as hakim (later emir), and his other late brother, Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, was the prime minister. Mohammed was uncle to the reigning king, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.

Mohammed served as minister in charge of education and customs administration.  He also served as the Chief of Police and Public Security from 1961 to 1966, and was the private owner of Umm as Sabaan island.  He was an active sponsor of sporting events, and he raised camels, horses and falcons.

Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa (born 1894)
Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, KCMG, KCIE, KStJ (10 October 1894 – 2 November 1961) was the ruler of Bahrain from the death of his father Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa on 20 February 1942 until his own death in 1961. His title was Hakim of Bahrain. He was succeeded by his son Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa in December 1961.
Rauhhügel
The Rauhhügel is an 812.9 m high (above sea level) mountain located in the Thuringian Highland, Thuringia, Germany.

It is located close to the municipalities of Schmiedefeld and Lichte and the Leibis-Lichte Dam in the  Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district in the Thuringian Forest Nature Park within walking distance of the Rennsteig.

The Leipzig tower on top of the Rauhhügel is 17.5 m high. It has viewing platforms on two levels, the upper at 14 m, from which in good weather one can see far into the surrounding mountains of the Thuringian Highland, the Thuringian Forest and to mountains of the Fichtel Mountains and Ore Mountains, including:

Neuhaus am Rennweg (830 m)

Ochsenkopf (1,024 m), Fichtel Mountains

Schneekopf (1,051 m), Fichtel Mountains

Fichtelberg (1,214 m), Ore Mountains

There is a guesthouse at the base of the tower.

Thuringian Highland
The Thuringian Highland, Thuringian Highlands or Thuringian-Vogtlandian Slate Mountains (German: Thüringer Schiefergebirge [ˈtyːʁɪŋɐ ˈʃiːfɐɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ or Thüringisches Schiefergebirge [ˈtyːʁɪŋɪʃəs -], literally "Thuringian Slate Hills") is a low range of mountains in the German state of Thuringia.
Blackburn Rovers F.C. (South Africa)
Blackburn Rovers was a professional football club from East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. It played its home games at the Buffalo City Stadium and last competed in the 2013–14 season of the National First Division, the second tier of the South African football league pyramid. It was relegated at the end of the season to the Eastern Cape provincial division of the SAFA Second Division after finishing bottom of the league.

East London, South Africa
East London (Xhosa: eMonti; Afrikaans: Oos-Londen), officially KuGompo City since February 2026, is a city on the southeastern coast of South Africa, in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The city lies on the Indian Ocean coast, largely between the Buffalo River and the Nahoon River, and hosts the country's only river port. As of 2011, East London had a population of over 267,000 with over 755,000 in the surrounding metropolitan area.
Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti
Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmulan Samiti (MANS; or Committee for Eradication of Blind Faith, CEBF) is an organisation dedicated to fighting against religion and superstition in India, particularly in the state of Maharashtra. It was founded by Narendra Dabholkar in 1989. Since 2010, the organization has been headed by Avinash Patil.

Superstition in India
Superstitions in India are prevalent and are based on myths, legends, fables, traditions and stories.

People stop if a black cat crosses their path, or if someone sneezes, auspicious work is postponed. Common superstitions in India today include a black cat crossing the road being bad luck, cutting fingernails/toenails at nighttime is considered to give bad luck, a crow calling meaning that guests are arriving, drinking milk after eating fish causing skin diseases, and itchy palms signaling the arrival of money.
Eça de Queiroz
José Maria de Eça de Queiroz or Queirós (European Portuguese: [ˈɛsɐ ðɨ kɐjˈɾɔʃ]; 25 November 1845 – 16 August 1900) is generally considered to have been the greatest Portuguese writer in the realist style. Zola considered him to be far greater than Flaubert. In the London Observer, Jonathan Keates ranked him alongside Dickens, Balzac and Tolstoy.

The Mystery of the Sintra Road
The Mystery of the Sintra Road (Portuguese: O Mistério da Estrada de Sintra) is the first novel published by José Maria de Eça de Queirós, initially as a newspaper serialization in 1870 and subsequently as a book. It was co-written with Ramalho Ortigão. It is considered to be the first Portuguese detective story. An English translation by Margaret Jull Costa and Nick Phillips was published in 2013, and includes an Afterword by Phillips and the Preface to the Third Portuguese edition by the authors.
Sheely Packing Company
The Sheely Packing Company was located at South 27th Avenue and Martha Street in South Omaha, Nebraska. The plant was the namesake of the surrounding Sheelytown neighborhood, which was predominantly Polish, with many other immigrants as well. It was the first substantial meatpacking operation in Omaha, which preceded the founding of the city's large meatpacking industry.

Sheelytown (Omaha)
Sheelytown was a historic ethnic neighborhood in South Omaha, Nebraska, USA with populations of Irish, Polish and other first generation immigrants. Located north of the Union Stockyards, it was bounded by Edward Creighton Boulevard on the north, Vinton Street on the south, South 24th Street to the east, and 35th Street to the west. Sheelytown was named for the Sheely Brothers Packing Houses that were located in the area. Sheelytown was annexed by Omaha in 1887. The Omaha Quartermaster Depot was built just east of the community across the Union Pacific tracks.
Invasion of Ambon
The Invasion of Ambon (Indonesian: Invasi Ambon) was a combined Indonesian military operation which aimed to seize and annex the self-proclaimed Republic of South Maluku (Republik Maluku Selatan, abbreviated RMS).

Chris Soumokil
Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil (13 October 1905 – 12 April 1966) was a South Moluccan politician and prosecutor who served as the second president of the Republic of South Maluku from 1950 until his execution in 1966 by Indonesian forces loyal to Suharto.
Slip ratio (gas–liquid flow)
Slip ratio (or velocity ratio) in gas–liquid (two-phase) flow, is defined as the ratio of the velocity of the gas phase to the velocity of the liquid phase.

In the homogeneous model of two-phase flow, the slip ratio is by definition assumed to be unity (no slip). It is however experimentally observed that the velocity of the gas and liquid phases can be significantly different, depending on the flow pattern (e.g. plug flow, annular flow, bubble flow, stratified flow, slug flow, churn flow). The models that account for the existence of the slip are called "separated flow models".

The following identities can be written using the interrelated definitions:

where:

S – slip ratio, dimensionless

indices G and L refer to the gas and the liquid phase, respectively

u – velocity, m/s

U – superficial velocity, m/s

– void fraction, dimensionless

ρ – density of a phase, kg/m3

x – steam quality, dimensionless.

Slug flow
In fluid mechanics, slug flow in liquid–gas two-phase flow is a type of flow pattern. Lighter, faster moving continuous fluid which contains gas bubbles - pushes along a disperse gas bubble. Pressure oscillations within piping can be caused by slug flow. The word slug usually refers to the heavier, slower moving fluid, but can also be used to refer to the bubbles of the lighter fluid.

This flow is characterised by the intermittent sequence of liquid slugs followed by longer gas bubbles flowing through a pipe. The flow regime is similar to plug flow, but the bubbles are larger and move at a greater velocity.
Layered graph drawing
Layered graph drawing or hierarchical graph drawing is a type of graph drawing in which the vertices of a directed graph are drawn in horizontal rows or layers with the edges generally directed downwards. It is also known as Sugiyama-style graph drawing after Kozo Sugiyama, who first developed this drawing style.

The ideal form for a layered drawing would be an upward planar drawing, in which all edges are oriented in a consistent direction and no pairs of edges cross. However, graphs often contain cycles, minimizing the number of inconsistently oriented edges is NP-hard, and minimizing the number of crossings is also NP-hard; so, layered graph drawing systems typically apply a sequence of heuristics that reduce these types of flaws in the drawing without guaranteeing to find a drawing with the minimum number of flaws.

Graph drawing
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional (or, sometimes, three-dimensional) depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.

A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph.  In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges.  In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
KQED (TV)
KQED (channel 9) is a PBS member television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, serving the San Francisco Bay Area. It is owned by KQED Inc., alongside fellow PBS station KQEH (channel 54) and NPR member KQED-FM (88.5). The three stations share studios on Mariposa Street in San Francisco's Mission District and transmitter facilities at Sutro Tower.

KQET (channel 25) in Watsonville operates as a full-time satellite of KQED, serving the Santa Cruz–Salinas–Monterey market. This station's transmitter is located at Fremont Peak, near San Juan Bautista.

KMTP-TV
KMTP-TV (channel 32) is an independent non-commercial educational television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, serving the San Francisco Bay Area. Owned by the Minority Television Project, the station maintains studios on Woodside Way in San Mateo. Its transmitter, shared with KCNS, KTNC-TV and KEMO-TV, is located atop Sutro Tower in San Francisco.

KMTP airs a large amount of multilingual, ethnic programming. The station produces and broadcasts a daily news show, 5 Day News, and also broadcasts programming from Deutsche Welle TV, NASA TV, and K-pop. KMTP is one of the few non-PBS-affiliated public television stations in the United States, and one of two such stations in the San Francisco Bay Area (the other being KPJK in San Mateo).