hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crossing of the Somme
The Crossing of the Somme took place on 5 August 1636 during the Thirty Years' War and the Franco-Spanish War when units of the Spanish Army of Flanders and the Imperial Army under Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, lieutenant of the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, crossed the Somme river near Bray-sur-Somme during its offensive in French territory. Despite the fierce resistance of the French army led by Louis de Bourbon, Count of Soissons, the allied troops successfully crossed the river and drove off the French troops along the Oise river, proceeding over the following weeks to invest the important fortress of Corbie, located two leagues upriver of Amiens, which caused a spread of panic among the population of Paris.

Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria
Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand (also known as Don Fernando de Austria, Cardenal-Infante Fernando de España and as Ferdinand von Österreich; 16 May 1609 – 9 November 1641) was a Spanish and Portuguese prince (Infante of Spain, Infante of Portugal (until 1640)), Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church,  Archduke of Austria, Archbishop of Toledo (1619–1641), and a general during the Thirty Years' War, the Eighty Years' War, and the Franco-Spanish War. He is commonly considered the last great commander and strategist of the Spanish Empire, whose premature death in a critical moment helped bring about the end of Spanish hegemony in Europe.
João Biehl
João Guilherme Biehl is a Brazilian medical anthropologist known for his innovative studies of global health, poverty, and suffering. He is currently the Susan Dod Brown Professor of Anthropology, Chair of the Department of Anthropology, and Director of the Brazil LAB at Princeton University.

Biehl's scholarship has earned widespread acclaim, as well as several of the anthropology's most prestigious awards. These include the Margaret Mead Award, Diana Forsythe Prize, and two Rudolf Virchow Awards. Biehl was also a 2008 Guggenheim Fellow.

Margaret Mead Award
Margaret Mead Award is an award in the field of anthropology presented (solely) by the Society for Applied Anthropology from 1979 to 1983 and jointly with the American Anthropological Association afterwards. This award was named after anthropologist Margaret Mead, who had a particular talent for bringing anthropology fully into the light of public attention. It is awarded annually but once became every-other-year from 1991 to 1999.

The Margaret Mead Award is presented to a younger scholar for a particular accomplishment such as a book, film, monograph, or service, which interprets anthropological data and principles in ways that make them meaningful and accessible to a broadly concerned public. The award is designed to recognize a person clearly associated with research and/or practice in anthropology. The awardee's activity will exemplify skills in broadening the impact of anthropology, the skills for which Margaret Mead was admired widely.
Broadway Methodist Tabernacle
Broadway Methodist Tabernacle was a prominent Methodist church in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that existed from 1872 to 1924. The congregation was originally housed in a wood chapel at the intersection of Spadina Avenue and Dundas Street, which at that time was known as St. Patrick Street. It was originally named the Spadina Avenue Methodist Church. Rapid growth in the congregation saw it seek a new home, and in 1876 a larger lot was purchased at the northeast corner of Spadina and College Street. The wooden church was transported on rollers north to the new location. The old site eventually became the location of the Standard Theatre.

Spadina Avenue
Spadina Avenue (/spəˈdaɪnə/, less commonly /spəˈdiːnə/) is one of the most prominent streets in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Running through the western section of downtown, the road has a very different character in different neighbourhoods.

Spadina Avenue runs south from Bloor Street to the Gardiner Expressway, just north of Lake Ontario. Lower Spadina Avenue continues the last block to the lake after the Gardiner. North of Bloor Street, the physical street continues as Spadina Road and this has new street address numbering starting over at zero. For much of its extent, Spadina Road is a less busy residential road (especially north of Dupont Street and the railway track underpass) than Spadina Avenue.
Lithophragma
Lithophragma is a genus of flowering plants in the saxifrage family containing about nine species native to western North America. These plants are known generally as woodland stars. The petals of the flowers are usually bright white with deep, long lobes or teeth. Each petal may look like three to five petals, when at closer inspection the lobes fuse into a single petal at its base. Most species reproduce via bulblets instead of seeds. L. maximum is a federally listed endangered species. Lithophragma specifically coevolved with moths of the genus Greya, who pollinate and only lay eggs on Lithophragma plants.

Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus Saxifraga. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America.
Our Lady, Star of the Sea
Our Lady, Star of the Sea is an ancient title for Mary, the mother of Jesus. The words Star of the Sea are a translation of the Latin title Stella Maris.

The title has been in use since at least the early medieval period. Purportedly arising from a scribal error in a supposed etymology of the name Mary, it came to be seen as allegorical of Mary's role as "guiding star" on the way to Christ. Under this name, the Virgin Mary is believed to intercede as a guide and protector of seafarers in particular. Many coastal churches are named Stella Maris or Star of the Sea.

Mary (name)
Mary (/ˈmɛəˌri/, MAIR-ee) is a feminine given name, the English form of the name Maria, which was in turn a Latin form of the Greek name Μαρία, María or Μαριάμ, Mariam, found in the Septuagint and New Testament. The latter reflects the original Hebrew pronunciation of the name מרים (Masoretic pronunciation Miryam), as attested by the Septuagint. The vowel "a" in a closed unaccented syllable later became "i", as seen in other names such as "Bil'am" (Balaam) and "Shimshon" (Samson).
Sølvgade
Sølvgade (Danish pronunciation: [ˈsølˌkɛːðə]; lit. 'Silver Street') is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark, extending north-west from Borgergade to The Lakes where Fredens Bro connects it to Fredensgade. The section from Kronprinsessegade to Øster Voldgade follows the walled north-eastern margin of Rosenborg Castle Garden and the next section, from Øster Voldgade to the intersection with Farimagsgade, named Sølvtorvet (pronounced [ˈsølˌtsʰɒˀwð̩]; 'Silver Square') although it is little more than a busy street junction, separates Copenhagen Botanical Garden from Østre Anlæg.

Rosenborg Castle Gardens
Rosenborg Castle Gardens (Danish: Kongens Have; literally The King's Garden) is the oldest and most visited park in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Established in the early 17th century as the private gardens of King Christian IV's Rosenborg Castle, the park also contains several other historical buildings, including Rosenborg Barracks, home to the Royal Guards, as well as a high number of statues and monuments. The park also holds art exhibitions and other events such as concerts in the summer.
Platytropius siamensis
Platytropius siamensis was a species of schilbid catfish (order Siluriformes) family Schilbeidae. It originated from the Chao Phraya and Bang Pakong Rivers in Thailand. It inhabited lower to middle reaches, mainstreams, tributaries, and larger marshlands. The species has been declared extinct in 2011 by the IUCN Red List, because despite periodic surveys it has not been encountered since 1977–1979.

P. siamensis was carnivorous, feeding on insects and shrimps. This species was oviparous and eggs were unguarded. It could grow to a length of 20.0 cm (7.9 in) TL.

Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya River (Thai: แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It flows through Bangkok and then into the Gulf of Thailand.
Gould's mouse
Gould's mouse (Pseudomys gouldii), also known as the Shark Bay mouse and djoongari in the Pintupi and Luritja languages, is a species of rodent in the murid family. Once ranging throughout Australia from Western Australia to New South Wales, its range has since been reduced to five islands off the coast of Western Australia.

Bernier Island
Bernier Island is one of three islands that comprise the Bernier and Dorre Island Nature Reserve in the Shark Bay World Heritage area in Western Australia.

The island and the neighbouring Dorre Island were locations for a lock hospital in the early 1900s.: 58–61
Fox Chapel Area School District
Fox Chapel Area School District is a public school district located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. It serves the boroughs of Aspinwall, Blawnox, Fox Chapel, and Sharpsburg, along with Indiana and O'Hara Townships.  It is located approximately 12 miles from downtown Pittsburgh. The district has four elementary sites, a middle school, and high school. There are approximately 4,300 students enrolled in the school district.

O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania
O'Hara Township is a township with home rule status in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, six miles northeast of Downtown Pittsburgh. The community was long organized as a township, and retains "Township" in its official name, but adopted a home rule charter in 1973 (taking effect on January 5, 1976) and is no longer subject to the Pennsylvania Township Code. The population was 9,288 at the 2020 census.

It is named for James O'Hara, an early American industrialist in western Pennsylvania, and a Revolutionary War general.
Hypotensive transfusion reaction
A Hypotensive transfusion reaction or HTR is a rare condition that presents with low blood pressure associated with administration of blood products. The low blood pressure quickly resolves when the transfusion is stopped.

HTRs are caused by the production of bradykinin produced through Factor XII activation by negatively charged surfaces such as filters. When mechanisms for the degradation of bradykinin are impaired, the peptide builds up and causes hypotension. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is primarily responsible for its degradation (75%) but can be inhibited by administration of blood pressure medications called ACE inhibitors. Polymorphisms in ACE or aminopeptidase P (APP), another enzyme responsible for bradykinin degradation (20%) may also contribute to HTRs.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1), or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Therefore, ACE indirectly increases blood pressure by causing blood vessels to constrict. ACE inhibitors are widely used as pharmaceutical drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Other lesser known functions of ACE are degradation of bradykinin, substance P and amyloid beta-protein.
Divisive (album)
Divisive is the eighth studio album by American heavy metal band Disturbed. Produced by Drew Fulk, it was released on November 18, 2022, via Reprise Records.

The first single from the album was "Hey You", which was released on July 14, 2022. In regards to the sound of the single, it is said to be similar to the band's earlier albums such as The Sickness and Ten Thousand Fists. A promotional single called "Unstoppable" was released on September 23, 2022, along with the details for their upcoming album. With a run time of 37 minutes and 55 seconds, It is the shortest Disturbed album to date. It is the final Disturbed album to be released through Reprise Records.

Ann Wilson
Ann Dustin Wilson (born June 19, 1950) is an American singer best known as the lead singer of the rock band Heart.

Wilson has been a member of Heart since the early 1970s; her younger sister, Nancy Wilson, is also a member of the band. One of the first hard rock bands fronted by women, Heart released numerous albums between 1975 and 2016; the early Heart albums Dreamboat Annie (1975) and Little Queen (1977) generated classic hard rock singles such as "Magic Man", "Crazy on You", and "Barracuda". Heart has sold over 35 million records worldwide, placed 29 singles on the Billboard Hot 100, and has scored top 10 albums on the Billboard 200 in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2010s.

Wilson was ranked no. 78 in Hit Parader's 2006 list of "Greatest rock Vocalists of All Time". In 2013, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Heart. She is known for her operatic abilities.
I Wanna Be Your Man (Ironik song)
"I Wanna Be Your Man" is the second single from Ironik's debut album No Point in Wasting Tears. The song  samples the 1987 song "I Want to Be Your Man" by funk/R&B artist Roger . The song peaked at No. 35 on the official UK Singles Chart.

Ironik
James Christian Charters (born 18 January 1988), better known as Ironik (formerly as DJ Ironik), is a British musician, DJ and rapper. His genre of music varies from hip hop, grime, R&B and UK garage. DJ Ironik was born in London.

DJ Ironik has had three UK top 10 hits; Stay With Me charted at No. 5, Tiny Dancer (Hold Me Closer) charted at No. 3 and also I Got Soul, a charity single which reached No. 10 in the UK charts and has also had several top 5 hits in other European countries.
Tao Rodríguez-Seeger
Tao Rodríguez-Seeger (born 1972) is an American contemporary folk musician. A founder of the Mammals, he is the grandson of folk musician Pete Seeger. He plays banjo, guitar, harmonica and sings in English and Spanish.

Sarah Lee Guthrie & Johnny Irion
Sarah Lee Guthrie (born February 17, 1979) and Johnny Irion (born John Phillip Irion; February 3, 1969) were a musical duo. Guthrie and Irion were married on October 16, 1999, and began performing together as an acoustic duo in late 2000, performing together until they divorced in the mid-2010s. Their music combined Irion's love of rock and blues with Guthrie's roots of folk and country.
Cambridge Aerodrome
Cambridge Aerodrome (ICAO: YCBG), also known as Cambridge Airport, is a minor airport located in Cambridge, a suburb of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It is located only a few kilometres from the primary airport, Hobart Airport.

Cambridge has been the primary site of aeronautics in Hobart from its opening in the 1920s. In July 1934, the federal government compulsorily acquired 190 acres (77 ha) of land from a local farmer to establish an aerodrome on the current site. It served as Hobart's main airport until the International Airport opened in 1956. Today, it is the base of Par Avion, which specialises in day trips and scenic flights around Hobart and the South West Wilderness of Tasmania; the Aeroclub of Southern Tasmania; and Heli Resources, a helicopter company that focuses on aerial work and flights in Antarctica.

In 1992 it was sold by the Federal Airports Corporation to Par Avion. In June 2024, the aerodrome was put up for sale.

Cambridge, Tasmania
Cambridge is a suburb in the greater area of Hobart, capital of Tasmania, Australia. It is in the City of Clarence local government area. The suburb is situated in close proximity to Hobart Airport and the Cambridge Aerodrome (Cambridge Airport), and is approximately 18 km to Hobart via the Tasman Highway. In recent years Cambridge had developed an Industrial estate and has become a popular commuter town for people working in Hobart.
Chateaugay (horse)
Chateaugay (February 29, 1960 – May 9, 1985) was an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse who won two of the three U.S. Triple Crown races. Bred at Darby Dan Farm near Lexington, Kentucky by his prominent owner, John W. Galbreath, Chateaugay was a son of Swaps, the 1956 U.S. Horse of the Year and a Racing Hall of Fame inductee.

Darby Dan Farm
Darby Dan Farm is a produce, livestock, and thoroughbred horse breeding and training farm founded in 1935 near the Darby Creek in Galloway, Ohio by businessman John W. Galbreath. Named for the creek and for Galbreath's son, Daniel M. Galbreath (1928–1995), it was expanded from an original 85-acre (340,000 m2) farm into a 4,000 acre (16 km2) estate. Established in 1954 on the original area, Darby House today serves as a banquet and retreat facility. Still in the hands of the Galbreath family, it has 250 acres (1 km2) of woodlands, a 110-acre (0.4 km2) animal preserve, and approximately 3000 acres (12 km2) used for the commercial growing of food crops. The horse farm has 750 acres (3 km2) of blue grass pasture and many barns and breeding facilities. Also, 39 houses were built on the property.
Howellia
Howellia aquatilis, the water howellia, is a small plant in the family Campanulaceae that was considered a federally threatened species between 1994 and 2021 under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Howellia. Thomas Jefferson Howell and Joseph Howell discovered the species in 1878.

Thomas J. Howell (botanist)
Thomas Jefferson Howell (October 8, 1842 – December 3, 1912) was an American botanist. Howell is considered one of the top three self-taught botanists of his era for the Pacific Northwest, the other two being Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf and William Conklin Cusick.
Hatfield and the North (album)
Hatfield and the North is the first album by the English Canterbury scene rock band Hatfield and the North, released in February 1974.

In the Q & Mojo Classic Special Edition Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock, the album came #34 in its list of "40 Cosmic Rock Albums". In 2025, French label Musea Records released a new vinyl reissue of the album, the first since 1982.

Musea Records
Musea Records (slogan: Les classiques du futur, French for "The classics of the future") is a French non-profit recording company founded in 1985 by Francis Grosse and Bernard Gueffier in Dombasle-sur-Meurthe, specialising in progressive rock. Musea also acts as a distributor for associated smaller labels and operates an online shop. "Musea" is an obsolete plural form of "museums", aptly representing the catalogue of artists and bands published and produced. In 1996, Musea Records moved its business headquarters to Metz.''
Arlie Mucks
Arlie Max Mucks (December 10, 1891 – July 10, 1967) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1912 he finished sixth in the discus throw event and 15th in the two handed discus throw competition. In 1916, he added five feet to the college discus record, throwing 145 feet 11 1/2 inches at the Penn Relays. He was inducted in the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1964.

He died in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame
The Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame honors distinguished members of Wisconsin's sports history. The Hall of Fame hosts several annual events, including an induction ceremony to honor new members, nomination luncheons, speaker series breakfasts and more. Bronze commemorative plaques honoring the members of the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame, including Hank Aaron, Vince Lombardi, Oscar Robertson, Bart Starr and others, are displayed in the Wisconsin Athletic Walk of Fame promenade in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Coinage Act 1870
The Coinage Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 10) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It stated the metric weights of British coins. For example, it defined the weight of the sovereign as 7.98805 grams (about 123.27747 grains).

The act also vested the titles of Master of the Mint and 'Governor of the Mint of Scotland', which had ceased minting coins in 1707, in the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

The act also gave the British government the authority to establish overseas branches of the Mint in British possessions.  In 1907, the government used that power to establish a branch of the Mint in Ottawa, at the request of the Canadian government.  It repealed the authorization in 1931, when the Mint in Ottawa came under full Canadian control.

A contemporary history suggests that the act was influenced by the criticisms of George Frederick Ansell.

Scottish coinage
From c. 1124 until 1709, the coinage of Scotland was unique and minted locally. A wide variety of coins, such as the plack, bodle, bawbee, dollar and ryal were produced over that time. Before c. 1124, coins of Northumbria and various other places had been used for trading purposes. From 1709, coins of the Kingdom of Great Britain and then of the UK have been used.
Plaza 66
Plaza 66 (Chinese: 上海恒隆广场) is a commercial and office complex in Shanghai, consisting of a shopping mall and two skyscrapers. The shopping mall has 5 levels with a total area of over 50,000 square metres. The first tower is 288 metres (945 ft) high and was completed in 2001, while the second is 228 metres (748 ft) high and was completed in 2006.

The first tower is currently the 7th tallest skyscraper in Shanghai and the fourth tallest building in the Puxi area. It is located at 1266 Nanjing Road West and has 66 floors. The project was developed by Hang Lung Properties of Hong Kong, led by Ronnie Chan. The buildings were designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF) architects from New York. The lead designer for KPF was James von Klemperer and the manager in charge of the project was Paul Katz. The building got third most votes in the 2001 Emporis Skyscraper Award selection.

Kohn Pedersen Fox
Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) is an American architectural firm based in New York City that provides architecture, interior, programming and master planning services. They engineer different projects including civic and cultural spaces, commercial office buildings, transportation facilities, residential and hospitality developments, educational and institutional facilities, and mixed-use commercial developments.
Chief of district
Chief of district was a public official in Second Polish Republic with the power to govern the districts. He was a representative of the Council of Ministers, responsible for the implementation of the laws as well as superior to local administration offices.

The function of chief of district existed within the districts of the civil administrations of Poland, that existed between 1919 and 1920, during the Polish–Soviet War. Said administrations were Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands, Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front and Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories, and districts formed within them were: Brześć, Mińsk, Wilno, Volhynian and Podolian. Later the function had existed within the districts of Poland between 1920 and 1921. Such districts were: Nowogródek, Polesian and Volhynian

Wilno District
Wilno District was a district of the Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands from June 1919 to September 1920, and Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories from September 1920 to December 1920, all of which were under the control of the Second Polish Republic. Its seat was located in Vilnius. In December 1919, it had an area of 48,466 km2 (18,713 sq mi), and was inhabited by 1,633,504 people.

It was established on 7 June 1919 from the lands conquered from the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia by Poland. On 17 January 1920, it was incorporated into Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories. On 20 December 1920, the civil administration was disestablished and the district was divided between Nowogródek District, Second Polish Republic and Lithuania.