hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway
The Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway was the section of railway line between Glasgow Bridge Street railway station and Paisley, in the west of Scotland. It was constructed and operated jointly by two competing railway companies as the stem of their lines to Greenock and Ayr respectively, and it opened in 1840. The Joint Committee, which controlled the line, built a branch to Govan and later to Cessnock Dock, and then Prince's Dock.

With the passing of the Railways Act 1921 (Grouping Act) the line, together with the Caledonian Railway and the Glasgow and South Western Railway, became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS).

The line is still in heavy use today as the eastern end of the Inverclyde Line and the Ayrshire Coast Line.

Paisley Gilmour Street railway station
Paisley Gilmour Street railway station is the largest of the four stations serving the town of Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland (the others being Paisley St. James, Paisley Canal and Hawkhead), and acts as the town's principal railway station and also serves Glasgow Airport with easy walking and cycling access as well as a bus service from the station to the terminal. The station is managed by ScotRail and serves the Ayrshire Coast Line and Inverclyde Line, 7+1⁄4 miles (11.7 km) west of Glasgow Central. The station is protected as a category B listed building.
Aerojet
Aerojet was an American rocket and missile propulsion manufacturer based primarily in Rancho Cordova, California, with divisions in Redmond, Washington, Orange and Gainesville in Virginia, and Camden, Arkansas. Aerojet was owned by GenCorp, Inc., In 2013, Aerojet was merged by GenCorp with the former Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne to form Aerojet Rocketdyne.

Sounding rocket
A sounding rocket or rocketsonde, sometimes called a research rocket or a suborbital rocket, is an instrument-carrying rocket designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. The rockets are often used to launch instruments from 50 to 150 km (30 to 90 mi) above the surface of the Earth, the altitude generally between weather balloons and satellites; the maximum altitude for balloons is about 40 km (25 mi), and the minimum for satellites is approximately 120 km (75 mi).

Due to their suborbital flight profile, sounding rockets are often much simpler than their counterparts built for orbital flight. Certain sounding rockets have an apogee between 1,000 and 1,500 km (600 and 900 mi), such as the Black Brant X and XII. Sounding rockets may be flown to altitudes as high as 3,000 km (2,000 mi) to allow observing times of around 40 minutes to provide geophysical observations of the magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere.
R (on the application of Coughlan) v Minister for the Cabinet Office
R (on the application of Coughlan) v Minister for the Cabinet Office [2022] UKSC 11 was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom regarding whether the introduction of voter ID pilot schemes was legal under section 10 of the Representation of the People Act 2000. The court held unanimously that it was legal and dismissed the appeal.

Voter identification laws
A voter identification law is a law that requires a person to show some form of identification to vote. In some jurisdictions requiring photo IDs, voters who do not have photo ID often must have their identity verified by someone else (such as in Sweden) or sign a Challenged Voter Affidavit (such as in New Hampshire) to receive a ballot to vote. Photo ID was required by 176 countries or jurisdictions for voting as of 2021.
Aceforce 2
Ace Force 2 is a free-to-play team-based tactical shooter video game developed by MoreFun Studios, a subsidiary of Tencent Games. It is a sequel to the mobile game Ace Force. The game utilizes Unreal Engine 4 and features 5v5 multiplayer combat.

Tencent Games
Tencent Games (Chinese: 腾讯游戏; pinyin: Téngxùn Yóuxì) is the video game publishing subdivision of Tencent Interactive Entertainment, the digital entertainment division of Tencent Holdings. It has five internal studio groups, including TiMi Studio Group. Tencent Games was founded in 2003 to focus on online games. In 2021, it launched its international Level Infinite brand, which is stated to be operated from its offices in Singapore and Amsterdam.
2015 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2015 Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the fourteenth edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, played by twelve countries over June, 2014 in Lima and Callao, Peru. The competition served as a qualifier for the 2016 FIVB World Grand Prix. The United States won their fourth championship defeating 3–0 to the Dominican Republic and the American Krista Vansant won the Most Valuable Player of the tournament.

Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup is a continental cup organized by NORCECA with teams from all over America (North-, South- and Central America, and the Caribbean), that served as a qualifier for the World Grand Prix. The tournament also granted places for the Final Four Women's Volleyball Cup. Since 2018 the event also serves as Pan American Games classification. The men have their own equivalent of the tournament, the Men's Pan-American Cup.
Flushing Bay
Flushing Bay is a tidal embayment in New York City. It is located on the south side of the East River and stretches to the south near the neighborhood of Flushing, Queens. It is bordered on the west by LaGuardia Airport and the Grand Central Parkway, on the south by Northern Boulevard, and on the east by the neighborhood of College Point. The Flushing River empties into the bay at its southeast corner. A 150-foot-wide navigational channel (46 m) dredged at a depth of 14 feet (4.3 m) runs along much of the bay's length.

East River
The East River is a saltwater tidal estuary or strait in New York City. The waterway, which is not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates Long Island, with the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, from Manhattan Island, and from the Bronx on the North American mainland.

Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, the East River was once also known as the Sound River. The tidal strait changes its direction of flow regularly, and is subject to strong fluctuations in its current, which are accentuated by its narrowness and variety of depths. The waterway is navigable for its entire length of 16 miles (26 km), and was historically the center of maritime activities in the city.
Golden Gate Raptor Observatory
The Golden Gate Raptor Observatory (GGRO) is a long-term program of the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy in cooperation with the National Park Service. The GGRO's mission is to study migrating birds of prey along the Pacific coast and to inspire the preservation of raptor populations in California.  Established in 1985, it is located in the Marin Headlands, just north of San Francisco, California. The Raptor Observatory operates under the philosophy that incorporating citizens into the process of gathering scientific data will deepen long-term conservation results.  Consequently, the organization's small staff is supported by the work of 280+ highly trained volunteers, coming from all different disciplines.  The GGRO publishes an annual report, contributes annual results to national databases, and collaborates on various research projects with local universities.

Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy
The Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy is a nonprofit cooperating association that supports park stewardship and conservation in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area—the most visited national park in the U.S.

Recognized as one of the largest park partners in the country, the Parks Conservancy has provided nearly $300 million in aid to support San Francisco Bay Area parks including the Presidio of San Francisco, Crissy Field, Muir Woods National Monument, Lands End, and Alcatraz Island. The organization has received a Three-Star Charity rating from Charity Navigator.
Vanga
The family Vangidae (from vanga, Malagasy for the hook-billed vanga, Vanga curvirostris) comprises a group of often shrike-like medium-sized birds distributed from Asia to Africa, including the vangas of Madagascar to which the family owes its name. Many species in this family were previously classified elsewhere in other families. Recent molecular techniques made it possible to assign these species to Vangidae, thereby solving several taxonomic enigmas. The family contains 40 species divided into 21 genera.

Newtonia (bird)
Newtonia is a genus of passerine birds containing four species. They were formerly classified in the Old World warbler family Sylviidae or Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae but have recently been shown to belong to the vanga family Vangidae.
They are endemic to Madagascar where they occur in forest or scrubland. They forage in pairs for insects, often joining mixed-species feeding flocks.

They are small plump birds, about 12 centimetres in length. They have slender bills and usually have a pale eye. Their plumage is mainly grey or brown, paler on the underparts. They have loud, repeated songs.
Main Building (Montgomery, West Virginia)
Main Building, also known as "Old Main," is a historic building located on the former campus of West Virginia University Institute of Technology at Montgomery, Fayette County, West Virginia. It was built in 1895–1897.  In 1898 and 1905, two-story wings were attached to each side of the original unit. The total length is 207 feet. It features a projecting three story, square entrance tower with a slate covered hipped roof.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

West Virginia University Institute of Technology
West Virginia University Institute of Technology (WVU Tech, WVIT, WVU Beckley, or West Virginia Tech) is a public college in Beckley, West Virginia. It is a divisional campus of West Virginia University.
Fichtelgebirge Club
The Fichtelgebirge Club (German: Fichtelgebirgsverein or FGV) is a large walking club and local heritage society in Bavaria and recognised conservation group with 20,000 members in 55 local groups. As the name says, its main sphere of activity is in the Fichtel Mountains in north Bavaria. Its emblem is the Arctic starflower (the Siebenstern).

Fichtel Mountains
The Fichtel Mountains (German: Fichtelgebirge, pronounced [ˈfɪçtl̩ɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ; Czech: Smrčiny) is a mountain range in Germany and the Czech Republic. They extend from the valley of the Red Main River in northeastern Bavaria to the Karlovy Vary Region in western Czech Republic. The Fichtel Mountains contain an important nature park, the Fichtel Mountain Nature Park. The Elster Mountains are a part of the Fichtel Mountains.
Penguin Heights
Penguin Heights (68°8′S 42°38′E﻿ / ﻿68.133°S 42.633°E﻿ / -68.133; 42.633) is a relatively low, rocky elevation about 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) southwest of Cape Hinode, on the coast of Queen Maud Land. It was mapped from surveys and air photos taken by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) from 1957 to 1962. The name Penguin Heights was given by JARE Headquarters in 1973.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Penguin Heights". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Cape Hinode
Cape Hinode (68°7′S 42°38′E﻿ / ﻿68.117°S 42.633°E﻿ / -68.117; 42.633) is a rock cape 3 nautical miles (6 km) west of Akebono Glacier on the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The cape and many of its nearby features were mapped and named from surveys and air photos by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, 1957–62. The name Hinode-misaki means "sunrise cape".
Jonesborough, Tennessee
Jonesborough (/ˈdʒoʊnzbʌrə/; historically also Jonesboro) is a town in and the county seat of Washington County, Tennessee, in the Southeastern United States. Its population was 5,860 as of 2020. It is "Tennessee's oldest town".

Jonesborough is part of the Johnson City metropolitan area, which is a component of the "Tri-Cities" region.

Johnson City metropolitan area, Tennessee
The Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of three counties in East Tennessee, anchored by the city of Johnson City. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 207,285.
Hickory Municipal Building
Hickory Municipal Building is a historic municipal building located at Hickory, Catawba County, North Carolina. It was built in 1920–1921, and is a two-story brick building in the Classical Revival style. It has a three-story auditorium.  The front facade features a one-story limestone portico, protecting the center entrance. In 1977, the city administrative offices were relocated to the new city hall.  It houses the Hickory Community Theatre.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Hickory, North Carolina
Hickory is a city in western North Carolina primarily located in Catawba County. The 25th most populous city in the state, it is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) northwest of Charlotte.

Hickory's population in the 2022 United States Census Bureau estimate was 44,084. Hickory is the main city of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 368,347 in the 2022 census, and is included in the larger  Charlotte-Concord, NC Combined Statistical Area with a population of 3,387,115 in 2022.

In 2014, Reader's Digest named the Hickory metro area as the 10th best place to live and raise a family in the United States. Forbes ranked the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton MSA the third best MSA in the country for business cost in the same year. The Hickory MSA was described by Smart Growth America in 2014 as being the country's most sprawling metro area. In 2023, Travel and Leisure rated Hickory as the most beautiful and affordable place to live in the U.S.
Radmilovac
Radmilovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Радмиловац) is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, and an experimental farm of the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Agriculture. It is located in the Belgrade municipality of Grocka. It is also known for the hotel of the same name.

University of Belgrade
The University of Belgrade (Serbian: Универзитет у Београду / Univerzitet u Beogradu) is a public research university in Belgrade, Serbia. It is the oldest and largest modern university in Serbia.

Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, it merged with the Kragujevac-based departments by 1838 to form a single university. The university has around 59,600 enrolled students and over 4,600 academic staff members. Since its founding, the university has educated more than 378,000 bachelors, approximately 25,100 master's, 29,000 specialists, and 14,670 doctors. The university comprises 31 faculties, 12 research institutes, the university library, and 9 university centres. The faculties are organized into four groups: social sciences and humanities; medical sciences; natural sciences and mathematics; and technological sciences.
Hron (grape)
Hron is a red Slovak wine grape variety that is a crossing of the Southwest France wine grapes Abouriou and Castets. The variety was created in 1976 at the VSSVVM Research and Breeding Station for Enology and Viticulture in Modra.  The grape was named after the Hron river, a tributary of the Danube that is the second longest river in Slovakia. Along with Nitranka, Rimava and Váh, which were created using the same parent varieties, Hron was officially authorized for commercial wine production in 2011.

Rimava (grape)
Rimava is a red Slovak wine grape variety that is a crossing of the Southwest France wine grapes Abouriou and Castets. The variety was created in 1976 at the VSSVVM Research and Breeding Station for Enology and Viticulture in Modra. The grape was named after the Rimava river, a tributary of the Sajó. Along with Nitranka, Hron and Váh, which were created using the same parent varieties, Rimava was officially authorized for commercial wine production in 2011.
Tantawangalo
Tantawangalo is an Australian locality in the Bega Valley Shire and the Eden-Monaro federal electorate. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 156. It contains a significant portion of the South East Forests National Park and borders onto the Tantawangalo State Forest. It contains the scenic Six Mile Creek Campground.

Bega Valley Shire
The Bega Valley Shire is a local government area located adjacent to the south-eastern coastline of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was formed in 1981 with the amalgamation of the Municipality of Bega, Imlay Shire and Mumbulla Shire, with its name deriving from the town of Bega. The shire is also known as the Sapphire Coast for tourism and marketing purposes. During the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, the area was devastated by fire, with 448 houses being destroyed by fire and approximately 365,000 hectares burned, which is 58% of the Shire's total land mass.

The estimated population as at the 2021 census was 35,942.

The current mayor is Russell Fitzpatrick, an independent who joined the Liberal Party in 2023.
Pureza, Rio Grande do Norte
Pureza is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil. The place means "pure" in Portuguese hence its pure lake located in the area, and it is depicted in the municipal seal.

The municipality was founded in April 5, 1963 from a portion of the municipality of Touros.

Six municipalities borders Pureza, three of them are Touros to the north, Rio do Fogo to the east and João Câmara to the west.

João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte
João Câmara is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.  The municipality was founded on 29 October 1928.

João Câmara borders eight municipalities, three of which are Touros to the northeast, Pureza to the east and Parazinho to the north.
VMware Server
VMware Server (formerly VMware GSX Server) is a discontinued free-of-charge virtualization-software server suite developed and supplied by VMware, Inc.

VMware Server has fewer features than VMware ESX, software available for purchase, but can create, edit, and play virtual machines. It uses a client–server model, allowing remote access to virtual machines, at the cost of some graphical performance (and 3D support). It can run virtual machines created by other VMware products and by Microsoft Virtual PC.

VMware Server can preserve and revert to a single snapshot copy of each separate virtual machine within the VMware Server environment. The software does not have a specific interface for cloning virtual machines, unlike VMware Workstation.

VMware Server has largely been replaced by the "Shared Virtual Machines" feature, introduced in VMware Workstation 8.0 and onwards.

VMware
VMware LLC is an American cloud computing and virtualization technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, U.S. On November 22, 2023, Broadcom acquired VMware in a cash-and-stock transaction valued at $69 billion, with the End-User Computing  division of VMware then sold to KKR and rebranded to Omnissa. VMware was the first commercially successful company to virtualize the x86 architecture.

VMware's desktop software runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. VMware ESXi, its enterprise software hypervisor, is an operating system that runs on server hardware.
Marie Christine Kohler
Marie Christine Kohler (July 13, 1876 – October 11, 1943) was a member of the Kohler family of Wisconsin and was prominent in the community life of Sheboygan and Kohler, active in social work and better homes projects, and was well known for her philanthropic deeds.

Kohler family of Wisconsin
The Kohler family of Wisconsin is a family notable for its prominence in business, society, and politics in the U.S. state of Wisconsin during the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. Its members include two Governors of Wisconsin, and the founder and executives of Kohler Co., a Wisconsin-based manufacturing and hospitality company.
Klaudia Taev Competition
The Klaudia Taev Competition is a competition for young opera singers. It is the main event of the Pärnu Opera Music Festival PromFest. The Competition has been named after a local legendary singing teacher Klaudia Taev. The first Competition was held in the year 1996 and since 2001 it takes place biannually.

The main prize of the competition is the proposal to sing the main opera role in opera production, which is selected at the request of the winner of the competition.

Among others Barbara Hendricks, Edda Moser, Dolora Zajick, Yevgeny Nesterenko, Teresa Żylis-Gara, Ileana Cotrubas, Vesselina Kasarova, Maria Guleghina, Karan Armstrong, Luana DeVol, Cynthia Makris, Sergei Leiferkus and Irina Arkhipova have been the jury members of the Klaudia Taev Competition.

PromFest
PromFest is an international opera festival held biennially in Pärnu, Estonia, since 1996. PromFest stands for Pärnu International Opera Music Festival in Estonian.

The main attraction of PromFest is an operatic production, in which the leading roles are performed by prizewinners from previous Klaudia Taev Competitions.

The artistic director of PromFest is conductor Erki Pehk.
Transgenic hydra
Cnidarians such as Hydra have become attractive model organisms to study the evolution of immunity. However, despite long-term efforts, stably transgenic animals could not be generated, severely limiting the functional analysis of genes. For analytical purposes, therefore, an important technical breakthrough in the field was the development of a transgenic procedure for generation of stably transgenic lines by embryo microinjection.

Hydra (genus)
Hydra (/ˈhaɪdrə/ HY-drə) is a genus of small freshwater hydrozoans in the phylum Cnidaria. They are solitary, carnivorous jellyfish-like animals, native to the temperate and tropical regions. The genus was named by Linnaeus in 1758 after the Hydra, the mythical many-headed beast that was defeated by Heracles, as when the animal has a part severed, it will regenerate much like the mythical Hydra's heads. Biologists are especially interested in Hydra because of their regenerative ability; they do not appear to die of old age, or to age at all.
19 Castle Gate
19 Castle Gate, also known as Stanford House, is an 18th-century Grade II* listed building on the corner of Castle Gate and Stanford Street, in Nottingham, England. It should not be confused with 6 Stanford Street, a 19th-century Grade II listed former warehouse, which is also known as Stanford House.

Castle Gate, Nottingham
Castle Gate is an historic street near the centre of the English city of Nottingham. The street runs uphill, from a junction with Low Pavement, Lister Gate and Albert Street in the city centre, to Castle Road, near to the entrance to Nottingham Castle. The street is noted for its Georgian houses, many of which are listed buildings. There is also a complex of rock-cut caves, under buildings at the lower end of the street, which is a scheduled monument.

The street is bisected roughly half-way up by Maid Marian Way and the two halves have rather different natures. Below Maid Marian Way the street is wider and most of the imposing buildings date from the 18th century of later, whilst in the higher part the streetscape is smaller scale with earlier buildings. Perhaps reflecting this, the lower part of the street is in the city's Old Market Square conservation area, whilst the upper part is in the Castle conservation area.