hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Bishop (Alabama politician)
Charles Bishop was a Republican member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 5th District from 2006 to November 3, 2010. He did not seek re-election in 2010. The district covers portions of Jefferson, Tuscaloosa, Walker and Winston counties. He was succeeded by fellow Republican Greg Reed.

Greg Reed
Greg Reed (born June 5, 1965) is an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 5th District between 2010 and 2024. He defeated Democrat Brett Wadsworth in the 2010 midterm elections to replace Charles Bishop in the 5th District. Senator Reed served as the Alabama State Senate's president pro tempore from 2021 until he stepped down in November of 2024 to join Governor Kay Ivey’s administration as Senior Advisor to Workforce Transformation.
North American YF-93
The North American YF-93 was an American fighter development of the F-86 Sabre that emerged as a radically different variant that received its own designation. Two were built and flown before the project was eventually canceled.

Pratt & Whitney J48
The Pratt & Whitney J48  (company designation JT7 Turbo-Wasp) is a turbojet engine developed by Pratt & Whitney as a license-built version of the Rolls-Royce Tay. The Tay/J48 was an enlarged development of the Rolls-Royce Nene (Pratt & Whitney J42).
Digimon Fusion
Digimon Fusion, known in Japan as Digimon Xros Wars (デジモンクロスウォーズ, Dejimon Kurosu Wōzu; pronounced "Cross Wars") and also titled as Digimon Fusion Battles, is the sixth anime television series in the Digimon franchise, produced by Toei Animation. The series aired on TV Asahi from July 2010 to March 2012.

Its storyline follows the adventures of Mikey Kudo, who utilizes the power to fuse any of his Digimon partners. The series is divided into three arcs, with the latter two given the subtitles of The Evil Death Generals and the Seven Kingdoms (悪のデスジェネラルと七つの王国, Aku no Desu Jeneraru to Nanatsu no Ōkoku), and The Boy Hunters Who Leapt Through Time (時を駆ける少年ハンターたち, Toki o Kakeru Shōnen Hantā-tachi) respectively.

The series was licensed outside of Asia by Saban Brands for an English-language adaptation, which was produced by Studiopolis; the third and final arc did not receive an English localization. The series was also adapted into a manga series and multiple video games.

Benjamin Diskin
Benjamin Diskin is an American actor.  He is best known for his work in animation, anime, and video games. Over a career spanning more than three decades, he has voiced a multitude of iconic characters.
Mine-Akiyoshidai Karst Plateau Geopark
Mine-Akiyoshidai Karst Plateau Geopark (Japanese: Mine秋吉台ジオパーク) is a geopark that covers the entire area of Mine City in Yamaguchi Prefecture, southern Japan. It was certified as a Japanese geopark in 2015 and is a UNESCO Global Geopark. Akiyoshidai Quasi-National Park is situated within the geopark. Mine-Akiyoshidai Karst Plateau Geopark is a member of the Japanese Geoparks Network, and works with both the Global Geoparks Network and the Asia Pacific Geoparks Network.

Mine, Yamaguchi
Mine (美祢市, Mine-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2023, the city had an estimated population of  21,919 in 10661 households and a population density of 46 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,472.64 square kilometres (568.59 sq mi).
Hypermastigia
Hypermastigia (hypermastigids) within microbiology, is the name used for a group of flagellate endosymbionts which were placed under the Excavata class. They are now treated as belonging to one of the groups Tritrichomonadea, Hypotrichomonadea, or Trichomonadea within the Parabasalia.

Parabasalid
The parabasalids are a group of flagellated protists within the supergroup Excavata. Most of these eukaryotic organisms form a symbiotic relationships with animals. These include a variety of forms found in the intestines of termites and cockroaches, many of which have symbiotic bacteria that help them digest cellulose in woody plants. Other species within this supergroup are known parasites and include human pathogens.
Angel Island chuckwalla
The Angel Island chuckwalla (Sauromalus hispidus), also known as the spiny chuckwalla, is a species of chuckwalla lizard belonging to the family Iguanidae endemic to Isla Ángel de la Guarda (Guardian Angel Island) in the Gulf of California. The species was transported to other islands by a tribe of the Seri as a potential food source.

Chuckwalla
Chuckwallas are lizards found primarily in arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Some are found on coastal islands. The five species of chuckwallas are all placed within the genus Sauromalus; they are part of the iguanid family, Iguanidae.
Bioska
Bioska (Serbian Cyrillic: Биоска), is a village located in the Užice municipality of Serbia on the mountainous banks of Đetinja river and Lake Vrutci, between Zlatibor and Tara mountains, and close to Uzice-Ponikve airport and Kremna village, as well as Mokra Gora-Drvengrad, a.k.a. Küstendorf or Mećavnik (Мећавник). According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 554. The Monastery of Rujno was situated nearby.

Đetinja
Đetinja (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђетиња; pronounced [d͡ʑě̞tiɲa]) is a river in western Serbia, a 75 km (47 mi) long natural but shorter headstream of the Zapadna Morava River.

The Đetinja river valley serves as a route for the Belgrade-Bar railway.
State school
A state school, public school, or government school is a primary or secondary school funded in whole or in part by taxation and operated by the government of the state. State-funded schools are global with each country showcasing distinct structures and curricula. Government-funded education spans from primary to secondary levels, covering ages 4 to 18. Alternatives to this system include homeschooling, private schools, charter schools, and other educational options.

Compulsory education
Compulsory education refers to a period of education that is required of all people and is imposed by the government. This education may take place at a registered school or at home or other places.

Compulsory school attendance or compulsory schooling means that parents are obliged to send their children to a state-approved school.

All countries except Bhutan, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vatican City (which does not have any child citizens or child residents) have compulsory education laws.
Langport Railway Cutting
Langport Railway Cutting (grid reference ST427272) is a 0.5 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest at Langport in Somerset, England, notified in 1992. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

Gravels exposed at Langport Railway Cutting show scour-and-fill structures consistent with braided stream deposition. This site is of importance as one of the few permanently exposed localities for coldstage Pleistocene gravels in south Somerset and more particularly because it is the first site in Britain in which typical calcrete features have been recorded. As such it is of national significance and has considerable research potential.

Langport
Langport is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England, 5 miles (8 km) west of Somerton. The parish, which covers only part of the town, has a population of 3,578. Langport is contiguous with Huish Episcopi, a separate parish that includes much of the town's outskirts.
Nick Cannon Presents: Short Circuitz
Nick Cannon Presents: Short Circuitz is a sketch comedy show starring Nick Cannon on MTV that debuted April 5, 2007. The show was cancelled and pulled from MTV on April 30, 2007, due to low ratings. A month after the show's cancellation, the series returned on June 7, 2007 as part of the Nick Cannon Power Hour, but was soon cancelled again.

Sway Calloway
Jonathan Ahmad Calloway (born July 3, 1971), known as Sway, is an American radio personality, journalist and former rapper known for hosting music, news, and culture programming. He was an on-air reporter and host for MTV News and occasional non-news hosting, including numerous red carpet MTV award pre-shows, and reports on major events, concluding his tenure with the network as host of the short-lived TRLAM. He is co-hosting the nationally syndicated radio show The Wake Up Show as one half of the duo Sway & King Tech; and hosting Sway in the Morning on SiriusXM Shade45.
Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American non-profit library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including websites, software applications, music, audiovisual, and print materials. The Archive also advocates a free and open Internet. Its mission is committing to provide "universal access to all knowledge".

The Internet Archive allows the public to upload and download digital material to its data cluster, but the bulk of its data is collected automatically by its web crawlers, which work to preserve as much of the public web as possible. The Wayback Machine, its web archive, contains more than 1 trillion web captures. The Archive also oversees numerous book digitization projects, collectively one of the world's largest book digitization efforts.

Search engine cache
A search engine cache is a cache of web pages that shows the page as it was when it was indexed by a web crawler. Cached versions of web pages can be used to view the contents of a page when the live version cannot be reached, has been altered or taken down.

A web crawler collects the contents of a web page, which is then indexed by a web search engine. The search engine might make the copy accessible to users. Web crawlers that obey restrictions in robots.txt or meta tags by the site webmaster may not make a cached copy available to search engine users if instructed not to.

Search engine caches can be used for crime investigation, legal proceedings and journalism.  They may not be fully protected by the usual laws that protect technology providers from copyright infringement claims.
Prali
Prali is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin, on the border with France. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 322 and an area of 72.6 square kilometres (28.0 sq mi).

Prali borders the following municipalities: Abriès (France), Angrogna, Bobbio Pellice, Perrero, Pragelato, Salza di Pinerolo, Sauze di Cesana, and Villar Pellice.

Salza di Pinerolo
Salza di Pinerolo (Vivaro-Alpine: Salsa, French: Salze-de-Pignerol) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Turin.

Salza di Pinerolo borders the following municipalities: Pragelato, Massello, Perrero, and Prali.
Raymond L. Ethington
Raymond Lindsay Ethington (born 1929) is an American paleontologist. He works in the Geology department at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri

He was one of the Chief Panderers of the Pander Society, an informal organisation founded in 1967 for the promotion of the study of conodont palaeontology. In 1983, with John E. Repetski, he described the conodont genus Rossodus

Pander Society
The Pander Society is an informal organisation  founded in 1967 for the promotion of the study of conodont palaeontology. It publishes an annual newsletter. Although there are regular meetings of the Pander Society, at the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, at European Conodont Symposia (ECOS for short), and elsewhere, any meeting of three or more "Panderers" is considered an official meeting of the "Pander Society". The society is headed by the Chief Panderer, currently Maria Cristina Perri of the Università di Bologna. The society confers two awards, the Pander Medal for a lifetime of achievement in conodont palaeontology, and the Hinde Medal for an outstanding contribution to conodont palaeontology by a young Panderer.

Heinz Christian Pander (1794–1865) is credited as the first scientist to describe primitive creatures known as conodonts.
West Riding Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
The West Riding Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery was a part-time unit of Britain's Territorial Force formed in 1908 in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It fought on the Western Front during World War I, and served on in the Territorial Army until the eve of  World War II.

2nd (Seaham) Durham Artillery Volunteer Corps
The 2nd (Seaham) Durham Artillery Volunteer Corps was a part-time unit of Britain's Royal Artillery raised in County Durham by the Vane-Tempest family during an invasion crisis in 1860. It became a permanent part of the Volunteer Force and later the Territorial Force, and fought as field artillery on the Western Front in World War I. Before World War II it became an anti-aircraft unit that served in the Battle of Britain, the Blitz and in the Far East where it converted to medium artillery in the Burma Campaign. Postwar, it continued to serve in the air defence role in the Territorial Army until 1955.
J-invariant
In mathematics, the j-invariant or j function is a modular function of weight zero for the special linear group  defined on the upper half-plane of complex numbers. It is the unique such function that is holomorphic away from a simple pole at the cusp such that

Rational functions of  are modular, and in fact give all modular functions of weight 0. Classically, the -invariant was studied as a parameterization of elliptic curves over , but it also has surprising connections to the symmetries of the Monster group (this connection is referred to as monstrous moonshine).

Nome (mathematics)
In mathematics, specifically the theory of elliptic functions, the nome is a special function that belongs to the non-elementary functions. This function is of great importance in the description of the elliptic functions, especially in the description of the modular identity of the Jacobi theta function, the Hermite elliptic transcendents and the Weber modular functions, that are used for solving equations of higher degrees.
Austrophasma caledonense
Austrophasma caledonense is a species of insect in the family Mantophasmatidae. It is endemic to western South Africa, where it is known only from near Caledon and from the Kogelberg in Western Cape Province.

Mantophasmatidae
Mantophasmatidae is a family of carnivorous wingless insects in southern Africa which are placed within the order or suborder Mantophasmatodea. They were discovered in 2001. They are the sister group of the Grylloblattidae, classified in the order or suborder Grylloblattodea.

Arillo and Engel have combined the Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea into a single order, Notoptera, with the two groups ranked as suborders. Alternatively, Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea are considered orders of a clade Xenonomia.
Amina Mohamed
Amina Chawahir Mohamed Jibril (Somali: Aamina Maxamed Jibriil; Arabic: أمينة محمد جبريل, born 5 October 1961) is a former Kenyan cabinet secretary, lawyer and a diplomat of Somali descent. She is the immediate former Cabinet Secretary for Sports, Heritage and Culture in Kenya. She previously served as chairwoman of the International Organization for Migration and the World Trade Organization's General Council, as well as Assistant Secretary-General and Deputy Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme.  She served as the Cabinet Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Kenya from May 2013 to February 2018, when President Uhuru Kenyatta, after re-election, moved her to the Education docket. In March 2019, she was moved to the Sports Ministry replacing Rashid Echesa. The KNEC Director, George Magoha, replaced her in the Education docket.

George Magoha
George Albert Omore Magoha (2 July 1952 – 24 January 2023) was a Kenyan consultant surgeon, academic administrator and technocrat, who served as a Professor of Surgery at Maseno University's School of Medicine, in Kisumu County as from 17 January 2023 till his death.

Immediately before his last assignment, he was the Cabinet Secretary of Education in the Cabinet of Kenya, under President Uhuru Kenyatta's second term effective 26 March 2019.

Magoha was the chairman of the Kenya National Examinations Council (KNEC), from 2016 until 2019.

Magoha previously served as the Vice Chancellor of the University of Nairobi from 2005 until 2015. He was a Professor of Surgery at the University of Nairobi's College of Health Sciences. He concurrently served as a Consultant Urologist at Kenyatta National Hospital, the teaching hospital of the university.
Bohemian Paradise
Bohemian Paradise (Czech: Český ráj) is a natural and cultural region in the Czech Republic. It is a designated protected landscape area with an area of 181 km2 (70 sq mi).

Bohemian Paradise is also the name of a geopark with an area of 830 square kilometres (320 sq mi), which is the only UNESCO Global Geopark in the Czech Republic.

Kost Castle
Kost Castle (Czech: hrad Kost) is a Gothic castle in Libošovice municipality in Jičín District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It lies in the nature region of Bohemian Paradise and is owned by Kinský dal Borgo noble family.
Nikolai Kinski
Nanhoï Nikolai Kinski (born July 30, 1976) is a French-American film actor, who has also done work in television and on stage. He was born in Paris, and grew up in California. Currently residing in Berlin, he has acted primarily in American and German films, and speaks English, German, and French. He is a citizen of both the U.S. and France.

He is the only son of German actor Klaus Kinski and his third wife, Minhoi Geneviève Loanic. He is the half-brother of actresses Pola Kinski and Nastassja Kinski, and through Nastassja, the uncle of model Kenya Kinski-Jones.

Nastassja Kinski
Nastassja Aglaia Kinski (German: [nasˈtasi̯a ˈkɪnskiː] ⓘ; née Nakszynski, Polish: [nakˈʂɨj̃skʲi]; born 24 January 1961) is a German actress and former model who has appeared in more than 60 films in Europe and the United States. Her worldwide breakthrough was with Stay as You Are (1978). She then came to global prominence with her Golden Globe Award-winning performance as the title character in the Roman Polanski-directed film Tess (1979). Other films in which she acted include the Francis Ford Coppola musical romance film One from the Heart (1982), erotic horror film Cat People (1982) from Paul Schrader, and the Wim Wenders drama films Paris, Texas (1984) and Faraway, So Close! (1993). She also appeared in the biographical drama film An American Rhapsody (2001). She is the daughter of German actor Klaus Kinski.
Programmer (hardware)
In the context of installing firmware onto a device, a programmer, device programmer, chip programmer, device burner,: 364  or PROM writer is a device that writes, a.k.a. burns, firmware to a target device's non-volatile memory.: 3

Typically, the target programmable chip is one of the following types: PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory, eMMC, MRAM, FeRAM, NVRAM, PLD, PLA, PAL, GAL, CPLD, FPGA, microcontroller.

Non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. In contrast, volatile memory needs constant power in order to retain data.

Non-volatile memory typically refers to storage in memory chips, which store data in floating-gate memory cells consisting of floating-gate MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors), including flash memory storage such as NAND flash and solid-state drives (SSD).

Other examples of non-volatile memory include read-only memory (ROM), EPROM (erasable programmable ROM) and EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM), ferroelectric RAM, most types of computer data storage devices (e.g. disk storage, hard disk drives, optical discs, floppy disks, and magnetic tape), and early computer storage methods such as punched tape and cards.
Moscazzano
Moscazzano (Cremasco: Muscasà) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Moscazzano borders the following municipalities: Bertonico, Credera Rubbiano, Montodine, Ripalta Cremasca, Ripalta Guerina, Turano Lodigiano.

Ripalta Cremasca
Ripalta Cremasca (Cremasco: Riultélina Grasa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Ripalta Cremasca borders the following municipalities: Capergnanica, Credera Rubbiano, Crema, Madignano, Moscazzano, Ripalta Arpina, Ripalta Guerina.
Testing effect
The testing effect (also known as retrieval practice, active recall, practice testing, or test-enhanced learning) suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. It is different from the more general practice effect, defined in the APA Dictionary of Psychology as "any change or improvement that results from practice or repetition of task items or activities."

Cognitive psychologists are working with educators to look at how to take advantage of tests—not as an assessment tool, but as a teaching tool  since testing prior knowledge is more beneficial for learning when compared to only reading or passively studying material (even more so when the test is more challenging for memory).

Long-term memory
Long-term memory (LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely. It is defined in contrast to sensory memory, the initial stage, and short-term or working memory, the second stage, which persists for about 18 to 30 seconds. LTM is grouped into two categories known as explicit memory (declarative memory) and implicit memory (non-declarative memory). Explicit memory is broken down into episodic and semantic memory, while implicit memory includes procedural memory and emotional conditioning.
4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase
In enzymology, a 4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.89, Formerly EC 1.14.13.53) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

formononetin + NADPH + H+ + O2  2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are formononetin, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 2'-hydroxyformononetin, NADP+, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is formononetin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2'-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include isoflavone 2'-monooxygenase (ambiguous), and isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase (ambiguous).  This enzyme participates in isoflavonoid biosynthesis.  It employs one cofactor, heme.

Isoflavonoid biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of isoflavonoids involves several enzymes; These are:

Liquiritigenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, aryl migration), also known as Isoflavonoid synthase, is an enzyme that uses liquiritigenin (a flavanone), O2, NADPH and H+ to produce 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone (an isoflavonoid), H2O and NADP+.

Biochanin-A reductase

Flavone synthase

2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase

2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase

2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase

Isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase

Isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase

Isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase

Isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase

Isoflavone-7-O-beta-glucoside 6"-O-malonyltransferase

Isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase

4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase