hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bushy Creek Trail
The Bushy Creek Trail is a shared use path for cyclists and pedestrians in the inner eastern suburb of Box Hill North in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

The trail has some short road sections including an unshared path along Springfield Road.

Koonung Creek Trail
The Koonung Creek Trail, also known as the Koonung Trail, is a shared use path for cyclists and pedestrians, which follows Koonung Creek in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The trail also follows the course of the Eastern Freeway as it too, follows the course of the Koonung Creek, and has good connections to on-road paths.
Triphenylcarbenium
In chemistry, triphenylcarbenium, triphenylmethyl cation, tritylium, or trityl cation is an ion with formula [C19H15]+ or (C6H5)3C+, consisting of a carbon atom with a positive charge connected to three phenyl groups. It is a charged version of the triphenylmethyl radical (C6H5)3C•. The name is often abbreviated to triphenylmethyl or trityl in salts, although these names also denote the chemical group in compounds like triphenylmethyl chloride that do not contain the cation.

Triphenylcarbenium is a relatively stable carbenium ion, because the positive charge is partially distributed among 10 of the carbon atoms (the 3 carbon atoms in the ortho and para positions of each of the three phenyl groups, plus the central carbon atom).

Carbenium ion
A carbenium ion is a positive ion with the structure RR′R″C+, that is, a chemical species with carbon atom having three covalent bonds, and it bears a +1 formal charge.  Carbenium ions are a major subset of carbocations, which is a general term for diamagnetic carbon-based cations.  In parallel with carbenium ions is another subset of carbocations, the carbonium ions with the formula R5+. In carbenium ions charge is localized.  They are isoelectronic with monoboranes such as B(CH3)3.
Smolasty
Norbert Smoliński (born 27 August 1995), known professionally as Smolasty, is a Polish rapper, singer and record producer, who creates R&B, pop, and rap music.

He has collaborated with performers such as: Ewa Farna, Kaz Bałagane, Otsochodzi, Białas, MIYO, Robert Gawliński, Malik Montana, ReTo, Chada, PlanBe, Young Multi, Mr. Polska, Oliwka Brazil or Frosti Regge.

Oliwka Brazil
Oliwia Bartosiewicz (born 29 November 2001), known professionally as Oliwka Brazil, is a Polish rapper and singer. In 2021, she signed a contract with Warner Music Group. After a string of singles, she came out with her debut album, Oh My Gawd, in November 2024, working with Wiktor Wójcik.

Oliwka Brazil is listed alongside Young Leosia, among others, as a woman who is changing Polish hip-hop. In the lyrics of her songs, described as "vulgar," she speaks openly about sex, emphasizing that the character she creates has the urge for it and practices it on her own terms. In this way she breaks out of the existing pattern in Polish rap, in which women are often treated as trophies or humiliated "sluts". It is also emphasized that she writes lyrics, which so far in Polish rap have been written by men.
Sylvia Fowles
Sylvia Shaqueria Fowles (born October 6, 1985) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the Portland Fire of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She previously played for the Chicago Sky and Minnesota Lynx during her WNBA career. She won the WNBA MVP Award in 2017 and the WNBA Defensive Player of the Year award four times (2011, 2013, 2016, 2021). She led the Lynx to win the WNBA Championship in 2015 and 2017, and she was named the MVP of the WNBA Finals both times. In 2020, Fowles overtook Rebekkah Brunson to become the WNBA's career leader in rebounds. In 2025, Fowles was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame and the Naismith Hall of Fame.

Miami Edison Senior High School
Miami Edison High School is a secondary school located at 6161 NW 5 Ct. in the Little Haiti neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. It is part of the Miami-Dade County Public Schools system. Its provost is Leon Maycock.

Miami Edison is an inner-city school. As of 2011, it is known for historically having the largest Haitian-American student population of any Miami-Dade public school.
Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad
The Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad, or simply the Chaldean Patriarchate (Latin: Patriarchatus Chaldæorum), is the official title held by the primate of the Chaldean Catholic Church. The Patriarchate is based in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Sorrows, Baghdad, Iraq.  The current patriarch is Louis Raphaël I Sako. He is assisted by the archbishop of Erbil Shlemon Warduni and the Auxiliary Bishop of Baghdad, Basel Yaldo.

Chaldean Catholics are the majority of Assyrians in Iraq, an indigenous people of Upper Mesopotamia.

Louis Raphaël I Sako
Louis Raphaël I Sako (Arabic: لويس روفائيل ساكو; born 4 July 1948) is a Chaldean Catholic prelate who has served as Patriarch of Baghdad  since 1 February 2013. Pope Francis made him a cardinal on 28 June 2018.
Maryland Route 70
Maryland Route 70 (MD 70) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known for most of its length as Roscoe Rowe Boulevard, the highway runs 2.31 miles (3.72 km) from MD 450 in Annapolis north to Bestgate Road in Parole in Anne Arundel County. MD 70 is the primary highway connecting U.S. Route 50 (US 50) and US 301 with downtown Annapolis. The highway also serves several sets of Maryland state government offices and Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium. MD 70 was constructed in the mid-1950s contemporaneously with the US 50 freeway. The highway was extended north to Bestgate Road in the early 1990s.

U.S. Route 301 in Maryland
U.S. Route 301 (US 301) in the state of Maryland is a major highway that runs 122.85 miles (197.71 km) from the Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River into Virginia northeast to Delaware. It passes through three of Maryland's four main regions: Southern Maryland, the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, and the Eastern Shore. US 301 serves mainly as a bypass of Baltimore and Washington, D.C. from Virginia to Delaware.
Huis van Hilde
Huis van Hilde (Hilde's House) is the archaeology information centre and repository of the Dutch province of North Holland, which was opened in Castricum early 2015. It was named after a model and facial reconstruction that was made of a skeletal find from the 4th century and that came to be known as Hilde (of Castricum).

Castricum
Castricum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkɑstrikʏm] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands.

Castricum is a seaside town in the province of North Holland. It attracts tourists who come mainly to visit the beach and nearby dune landscape. Lake of Alkmaar-Uitgeest is in the vicinity, with facilities for sailing and windsurfing.
Osiglia
Osiglia (Ligurian and Piedmontese: Oseria) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Genoa and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Savona.

Osiglia borders the following municipalities: Bormida, Calizzano, Millesimo, Murialdo, Pallare, and Rialto.

Rialto, Liguria
Rialto (Ligurian: Riätu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Savona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 570 and an area of 19.9 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi).

Rialto borders the following municipalities: Bormida, Calice Ligure, Calizzano, Magliolo, Osiglia, and Tovo San Giacomo.
Lidhult
Lidhult is a locality situated in Ljungby Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden with 611 inhabitants in 2010. It is one of five service locations within the Ljungby Municipality, alongside Agunnaryd, Hamneda, Lagan, and Ryssby.

Hamneda
Hamneda is a town in Ljungby Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. As of 2024, the population was 160. Located south of the municipal seat of Ljungby, Hamneda is situated in close proximity to both European route E4 and the Lagan River. Points of interest include the Hamneda Church and a historic inn, which is a listed building. There is also a school and a preschool.

The town is one of five service locations within the Ljungby Municipality, a status designed to promote increased investment and resources in selected rural areas.
Misato, Nagano
Misato (三郷村, Misato-mura) was a village located in Minamiazumi District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 17,120 and a density of 425.76 persons per km2. The total area was 40.21 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Misato, was merged with the town of Akashina (from Higashichikuma District), the towns of Hotaka and Toyoshina, and the village of Horigane (all from Minamiazumi District), was merged to create the city of Azumino.

Azumino
Azumino (安曇野市, Azumino-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2019, the city had an estimated population of 97,761 in 39744 households, and a population density of 290 persons per km2. Its total area is 331.78 square kilometres (128.10 sq mi).
TERRA.vita Nature Park
The TERRA.vita Nature Park (German: Naturpark TERRA.vita) is located in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia and is divided into northern and southern areas. The park is also known as the Osnabrück Land Nature Park and sometimes by its old name of  North Teutoburg Forest-Wiehen Hills Nature Park.

The woodlands of the Nature Park comprise about 70% of its total area.

Teutoburg Forest
The Teutoburg Forest (/ˈtjuːtəbɜːrɡ/ TEW-tə-burg; German: Teutoburger Wald [ˈtɔʏtoˌbʊʁɡɐ ˈvalt] ⓘ) is a range of low, forested hills in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. Until the 17th century, the official name of the hill ridge was Osning. It was first renamed the Teutoburg Forest in 1616 in commemoration of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD, which most likely took place at Kalkriese instead.
Nintendo World
Nintendo World was a Brazilian video game magazine, which covers games for the Nintendo Wii, Wii U, 3DS and DS. It was created in 1998 by the Conrad Editora. Initially it covered games for the Nintendo 64 and Game Boy Color consoles, which were very popular in the country at the time and were distributed in the country by the Estrela/Gradiente joint-venture. Over 100 issues have been published as of 2006, and the magazine has been awarded by Nintendo of America for its high readership and for being one of the best quality Nintendo magazines in Latin America. Its current editor is Editora Tambor. From issue 60 onwards, the magazine started featuring content from Nintendo Power.

The magazine went defunct in 2017.

Nintendo Power
Nintendo Power was a video game news and strategy magazine from Nintendo of America, first published in July/August 1988 as Nintendo's official print magazine for North America. The magazine's publication was initially done monthly by Nintendo of America, then independently, and in December 2007 contracted to Future US, the American subsidiary of British publisher Future plc. Its 24-year production run is one of the longest of all video game magazines in the United States and Canada.

On August 21, 2012, Nintendo announced that it would not be renewing its licensing agreement with Future Publishing, and that Nintendo Power would cease publication in December. The final issue, volume 285, was released on December 11, 2012.

On December 20, 2017, a podcast version of Nintendo Power was launched, which ran until 2023.  It was hosted by Chris Slate, the former Editor-in-Chief of the  magazine.  The podcast is on hiatus as of 2026.
1975 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 1975 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the ninth edition of the event, organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Skopje, Kraljevo and Subotica, Yugoslavia from October 18 to October 25, 1975, with the final round held in Belgrade.

Men's European Volleyball Championship
The Men's European Volleyball Championship (EuroVolley) is the official competition for senior men's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1975 they have been awarded every two years. The current champion is Poland, which won its second title at the 2023 tournament.
GT-1 (missile)
The GT-1 (Glide Torpedo 1) was an early form of stand-off weaponry developed by the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Intended to deliver an aerial torpedo at a safe range from the launching aircraft, the weapon proved successful enough in testing to be approved for operational use, and the GT-1 saw limited use in the closing stages of the war.

Aerial torpedo
An aerial torpedo (also known as an airborne torpedo or air-dropped torpedo) is a torpedo launched from an aircraft into the water, after which the weapon propels itself to the target. They are generally smaller and lighter than submarine- or ship-launched torpedoes.

First used in World War I, aerial torpedoes were used extensively in World War II by torpedo bombers against large surface vessels, especially in aircraft carrier-dominated naval battles of the Pacific War. They remain in limited use today mainly for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) by maritime patrol aircraft and naval helicopters.
Arzachel (crater)
Arzachel is a relatively young lunar impact crater located in the highlands in the south-central part of the visible Moon, close to the zero meridian (the visible center of the Moon). It lies to the south of the crater Alphonsus, and together with Ptolemaeus further north the three form a prominent line of craters to the east of Mare Nubium. The smaller Alpetragius lies to the northwest, and Thebit is to the southwest along the edge of the mare.

Thebit (crater)
Thebit is a lunar impact crater located on the southeast shore of Mare Nubium. To the north-northwest is the crater Arzachel, and Purbach lies to the south-southwest. To the southwest is the flooded remnants of Thebit P, which is actually larger in diameter than Thebit itself.

The rim of Thebit is generally circular in outline, with a double-notch in the southwest wall. A prominent bowl-shaped crater, Thebit A, lies across the west-northwestern rim. The west-northwestern rim of this crater is overlain in turn by the even smaller Thebit L. Together this forms an elegant arrangement that makes Thebit relatively simple to identify. The floor of Thebit crater is rough and has no central peak. The rim displays a terrace, and has a hilly outer rampart.

Due west of Thebit is a 110-kilometer-long ridge named Rupes Recta, which rises to 240 meters. This linear feature runs north-northwest to south-southeast across the Mare Nubium.

Thebit is a crater of Upper (Late) Imbrian age.
Machiel van den Heuvel
Machiel van den Heuvel (7 May 1900 in Haarlemmermeer – 29 June 1946 near Bandung) was a Dutch army officer. As a prisoner-of-war in Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle, Germany, during World War II, he served as Escape Officer for the Dutch POWs, a role also held by Captain Pat Reid, the author of The Colditz Story, for the British. Van den Heuvel played a key role in most Dutch officer escapes (such as Hans Larive, Francis Steinmetz and Anthony Luteyn) during the war.

Anthony Luteyn
Abraham Pierre Tony Luteyn (10 February 1917 – 9 February 2003) was a Dutch officer who successfully escaped from the German prisoner of war camp of Colditz. Sometimes he is referred to as Anthony Luteyn.
Stanley's reciprocity theorem
Stanley's reciprocity theorem, named after the mathematician Richard P. Stanley, states that a certain functional equation is satisfied by the integer-point generating function of a rational cone and the generating function of the cone's interior.

Ehrhart polynomial
In mathematics, an integral polytope has an associated Ehrhart polynomial that encodes the relationship between the volume of a polytope and the number of integer points the polytope contains. The theory of Ehrhart polynomials can be seen as a higher-dimensional generalization of Pick's theorem in the Euclidean plane.

These polynomials are named after Eugène Ehrhart who introduced them in the 1960s.
Engineers Without Borders (Palestine)
Engineers Without Borders (EWB) Palestine (or EWB-Palestine; Arabic: مهندسون بلا حدود) is a Palestine-based registered charity and NGO. Its mission is to "partner with Palestinian disadvantaged communities to improve their quality of life through the implementation of environmentally and economically sustainable engineering projects, while developing internationally responsible engineers and engineering students."

EWB-Palestine is the Palestinian national representative within the Engineers Without Borders International Group.

Engineers Without Borders
The term Engineers Without Borders (EWB; French: Ingénieurs sans frontières, ISF) is used by a number of non-governmental organizations in various countries to describe their activity based on engineering and oriented to international development work. All of these groups work worldwide to serve the needs of disadvantaged communities and people through engineering projects.  Many EWB national groups are developed independently from each other, and so they are not all formally affiliated with each other, and their level of collaboration and organizational development varies. The majority of the EWB/ISF organizations are strongly linked to academia and to students, with many of them being student-led.
Bellshill
Bellshill (pronounced "Bells hill") is a town in North Lanarkshire in Scotland, ten miles (sixteen kilometres) southeast of Glasgow city centre and 37 mi (60 km) west of Edinburgh. Other nearby localities are Motherwell 2 mi (3 km) to the south, Hamilton 3 mi (5 km) to the southwest, Viewpark 1+1⁄2 mi (2.5 km) to the west, Holytown 2 mi (3 km) to the east and Coatbridge 3 mi (5 km) to the north.

The town of Bellshill (including the villages of Orbiston and Mossend) has a population of about 20,650. From 1996 to 2016, it was considered to be part of the Greater Glasgow metropolitan area. Since then it has been counted as part of a continuous suburban settlement anchored by Motherwell, with a total population of around 125,000.

Holytown
Holytown is a village situated to the east of Bellshill and north of Motherwell in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Most local amenities are shared with the adjacent villages of Carfin, Newarthill and New Stevenston which have a combined population of around 20,000 across the four localities.
Linear–quadratic regulator
The theory of optimal control is concerned with operating a dynamic system at minimum cost.  The case where the system dynamics are described by a set of linear differential equations and the cost is described by a quadratic function is called the LQ problem.  One of the main results in the theory is that the solution is provided by the linear–quadratic regulator (LQR), a feedback controller whose equations are given below.

LQR controllers possess inherent robustness with guaranteed gain and phase margin, and they also are part of the solution to the LQG (linear–quadratic–Gaussian) problem. Like the LQR problem itself, the LQG problem is one of the most fundamental problems in control theory.

Algebraic Riccati equation
An algebraic Riccati equation is a type of nonlinear equation that arises in the context of infinite-horizon optimal control problems in continuous time or discrete time.

A typical algebraic Riccati equation is similar to one of the following:

the continuous time algebraic Riccati equation (CARE):

or the discrete time algebraic Riccati equation (DARE):

P is the unknown n by n symmetric matrix and A, B, Q, R are known real coefficient matrices, with Q and R symmetric.

Though generally this equation can have many solutions, it is usually specified that we want to obtain the unique stabilizing solution, if such a solution exists.
Bytownite
Bytownite is a calcium rich member of the plagioclase solid solution series of feldspar minerals with composition between anorthite and labradorite. It is usually defined as having between 70 and 90%An (formula: (Ca0.7−0.9Na0.3−0.1)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]). Like others of the series, bytownite forms grey to white triclinic crystals commonly exhibiting the typical plagioclase twinning and associated fine striations.

The specific gravity of bytownite varies between 2.74 and 2.75. The refractive indices ranges are nα=1.563 – 1.572, nβ=1.568 – 1.578, and nγ=1.573 – 1.583. Precise determination of these two properties with chemical, X-ray diffraction, or petrographic analysis are required for identification.

Feldspar
Feldspar (/ˈfɛl(d).ˌspɑːr/ FEL(D)-spar; sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) feldspars and the alkali (potassium-sodium) feldspars. Feldspars make up about 60% of the Earth's crust and 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight.

Feldspars crystallize from magma as both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock. Rock formed almost entirely of calcic plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite. Feldspars are also found in many types of sedimentary rocks.
Nautley River
Nautley River (Dakelh: Nadlehkoh - ″Where the salmon return creek″ or Nadleh - ″(fish) run″) drains Fraser Lake into the Nechako River in the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada.

Only 800 metres (2,600 ft) long, it is one of the shortest rivers in the province and one of the shortest rivers in the world, along with Powell River, the Wannock River at Rivers Inlet, and the Little River connecting Shuswap and Little Shuswap Lakes.

There is a long-standing feud between proponents of Powell River and those of the Nautley River over which body is the shortest.
The river is entirely on the Nadleh Whut'en First Nation reserve.

Nadleh Whut'en First Nation
Nadleh Whut'en First Nation (formerly Fraser Lake and Stellaquo) is a First Nations government of the Dakelh people, whose territory is located in the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, around the east end of Fraser Lake. The nation has seven reserves which Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Development Canada refer to as IR#1-9. (Reserves 5 and 6 split from Nadleh Whut'en and make up Stellat'en First Nation). Until 1990, it was referred to as the Fraser Lake Indian Band.

Nadleh Whut'en has 630 registered members as of October 2025, of which half live on reserve.
John Townsend (Irish politician)
John Townsend (1737 – 4 August 1810) was an Irish politician.

He was the third son of Richard Townsend, son of Bryan Townsend, and his second wife Elizabeth Beecher, daughter of Henry Beecher and granddaughter of Thomas Beecher. In 1783, Townsend entered the Irish House of Commons for Dingle, the same constituency his brother Richard Townsend had also represented, and sat for it until 1797. In the following year he was elected for Doneraile and Castlemartyr (Parliament of Ireland constituency), representing the latter until the Act of Union in 1801.

In 1769, he married Mary Morris, daughter of Jonas Morris. They had four daughters and four sons.

Bryan Townsend (Irish politician)
Bryan Townsend (c. 1660–1726) was an Irish politician and sailor.

He was the second son of Richard Townsend and his wife Mary Hyde. Towsend served in the Royal Navy and commanded HMS Swiftsure. He entered the Irish House of Commons in 1695, representing Clonakilty until 1699.

In 1681, he married Mary Synge, daughter of Edward Synge, Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, and by her he had four daughters and nine sons. His grandsons were Richard Townsend and John Townsend.