hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muinaghan
Muinaghan (from Irish Muineachán meaning 'A Shrubbery' - Local pronunciation is 'Meenaghan') is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Templeport and barony of Tullyhaw.

Kildoagh
Kildoagh (from Irish either Coill Dumha meaning 'Wood of the Tumulus' or Coill Dobhcha meaning "Wood of the Vat or Tun") is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Templeport and barony of Tullyhaw.
Ballinalack
Ballinalack (Irish: Béal Átha na Leac, meaning 'the mouth of the ford of the flag-stones') is a village and a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) north–west of Mullingar.

Ballinalack is one of 15 townlands of the civil parish of Leny in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 151 acres (0.61 km2). The River Inny meanders past forming the western boundary of the townland. The neighbouring townlands are: Cappagh to the north, Carrick and Grange to the east, Cullenhugh and Glebe to the south and Joanstown to the west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 24 houses and 105 inhabitants in the townland, mostly centred in the village.
It has a pub called The Western Gem, located in the village centre.

Joanstown
Joanstown is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland, 16 kilometres (10 mi) north–west of Mullingar.

Joanstown is one of 26 townlands of the civil parish of Rathaspick in the barony of Moygoish in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 1,467.20 acres (5.9375 km2). The neighbouring townlands are: Corrydonnellan to the north, Cappagh to the north–east, Ballinalack to the east, Cullenhugh to the south–east, Baronstown Demesne and Corry to the south, Kilmacahill or Caraun and Rathowen (Edward) to the west and Rathowen and Russagh to the north–west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland, there were 16 houses and 58 inhabitants in the townland.
R. Edward Freeman
Robert Edward Freeman (born December 18, 1951) is an American philosopher and professor of business administration at the Darden School of the University of Virginia, particularly known for his work on stakeholder theory (1984) and on business ethics.

Stakeholder (corporate)
In a corporation, a stakeholder is a member of "groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist", as defined in the first usage of the word in a 1963 internal memorandum at the Stanford Research Institute. The theory was later developed and championed by R. Edward Freeman in the 1980s. Since then it has gained wide acceptance in business practice and in theorizing relating to strategic management, corporate governance, business purpose and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The definition of corporate responsibilities through a classification of stakeholders to consider has been criticized as creating a false dichotomy between the "shareholder model" and the "stakeholder model", or a false analogy of the obligations towards shareholders and other interested parties.
Dazhai
Dazhai (Chinese: 大寨; pinyin: Dàzhài; Wade–Giles: Tachai) is a village and former commune of several hundred farmers in Xiyang County in eastern Shanxi province, chiefly known for Mao Zedong's directive, "Learn from Dazhai in agriculture", which set up Dazhai as the model for agricultural production throughout China during the 1960s and 1970s, amid the Cultural Revolution.

Xiyang County
Xiyang County (simplified Chinese: 昔阳县; traditional Chinese: 昔陽縣; pinyin: Xīyáng Xiàn) is a county in the east of Shanxi province, China, bordering Hebei province to the east. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Jinzhong. Xiyang County is located at the western foot of Taihang Mountain, bordering Zanhuang County, Neiqiu County, Jingxing County, and Xingtai in Hebei province to the east, Heshun County to the south, and Pingding County in Yangquan to the north.
Stange Municipality
Stangeⓘ is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Stangebyen. Other villages include Bekkelaget, Espa, Bottenfjellet, Ilseng, Ottestad, Sandvika, Sinnerud, Starhellinga, Tangen, and Romedal.

The 724-square-kilometre (280 sq mi) municipality is the 157th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Stange Municipality is the 60th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 21,691. The municipality's population density is 29.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (76/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.5% over the previous 10-year period.

Ilseng
Ilseng is a village in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located mostly in Stange Municipality, however, the northwestern part of the village extends just across the border into Hamar Municipality. The Rørosbanen railway line passes through the village, stopping at the Ilseng Station which is the first stop after Hamar Station in Hamar. Ilseng is also the site of Ilseng Prison.

The 1.06-square-kilometre (260-acre) village has a population (2024) of 977 and a population density of 922 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,390/sq mi). The village does include land in two neighboring municipalities with 0.98 square kilometres (240 acres) and 941 residents in Stange and 0.08 square kilometres (20 acres) and 36 residents in Hamar.
Weld County, Colorado
Weld County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 328,981. The county seat is Greeley. Weld County comprises the Greeley, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Denver–Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area.

Interstate 76 (Colorado–Nebraska)
Interstate 76 (I-76) is an east–west Interstate Highway in the Western United States that runs from I-70 in Arvada, Colorado – near Denver – to an interchange with I-80 near Big Springs, Nebraska. The highway measures 187.29 miles (301.41 km) long, mostly situated in Colorado but approximately three miles (4.8 km) of which is in Nebraska. Along the route, the highway runs concurrent with US 6, US 85 in the Denver metropolitan area, and US 34 from Wiggins to Fort Morgan. It has no auxiliary Interstates, but it has two business routes that are located in northeastern Colorado. This route is not connected with the other I-76 that spans from Ohio to New Jersey.

The section of I-76 from its western terminus at I-70 to the SH 71 interchange near Brush, Colorado is designated as part of the Heartland Expressway, a planned series of multi-lane highways connecting Denver and Rapid City, South Dakota.
Amazon natural region
Amazon natural region in southern Colombia comprises the departments of Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare, Putumayo and Vaupés, and covers an area of 483,000 square kilometres (186,000 sq mi), 35% of Colombia's total territory.  The region is mostly covered by tropical rainforest, or jungle, which is a part of the greater Amazon rainforest.

Serranía de Chiribiquete
The Serranía de Chiribiquete or Chiribiquete Mountains are a group of isolated table mountains in the Amazon Region of Colombia. The mountains are part of the western edge of the Guiana Shield.  The area is protected as a national park. This area is habitat for the Chiribiquete emerald (Chlorostilbon olivaresi), an endemic hummingbird. The waterfall Caño Paujil originates from the Serranía de Chiribiquete.
Grand Jason Island
Grand Jason Island (sometimes known as "Grand Island") is a small island located at 51°03′S 61°03′W﻿ / ﻿51.05°S 61.05°W﻿ / -51.05; -61.05, east of the Steeple Jason Island. It is a part of the Jason Islands in the Falkland Islands, and along with Steeple Jason it is one of the "Islas los Salvajes" in Spanish (the Jasons being divided into two groups in that language).

Jason Islands
The Jason Islands (Spanish: Islas Sebaldes) are an archipelago in the Falkland Islands, lying to the far north-west of West Falkland. Three of the islands, Steeple Jason, Grand Jason and Clarke's Islet, are private nature reserves owned by the Wildlife Conservation Society of New York City. Other islands in the group are National Nature Reserves owned by the Falkland Islands Government.
Lunar theory
Lunar theory attempts to account for the motions of the Moon. There are many small variations (or perturbations) in the Moon's motion, and many attempts have been made to account for them. After centuries of being problematic, lunar motion can now be modeled to a very high degree of accuracy (see section Modern developments).

Lunar theory includes:

the background of general theory; including mathematical techniques used to analyze the Moon's motion and to generate formulae and algorithms for predicting its movements; and also

quantitative formulae, algorithms, and geometrical diagrams that may be used to compute the Moon's position for a given time; often by the help of tables based on the algorithms.

Lunar theory has a history of over 2000 years of investigation. Its more modern developments have been used over the last three centuries for fundamental scientific and technological purposes, and are still being used in that way.

Charles-Eugène Delaunay
Charles-Eugène Delaunay (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl øʒɛn dəlonɛ]; 9 April 1816 – 5 August 1872) was a French astronomer and mathematician. His lunar motion studies were important in advancing both the theory of planetary motion and mathematics.
Vejle Fjord Bridge
Vejle Fjord Bridge (Danish: Vejlefjordbroen) is a cantilever bridge that spans Vejle Fjord between Mølholm and Nørremarken near the town of Vejle in Denmark. The bridge is 1712 metres long, the longest span is 110 metres, and the maximum clearance to the sea is 40 metres. The bridge has 15 spans and carries the European route E45 (before 1992 European route E3) over the fjord.

Vejle Fjord Bridge was built to lead traffic past the town of Vejle, where traffic congestion had become a problem in the 1970s. The building started in 1975, and the bridge was opened on July 1, 1980. It cost 350 million kroner. The bridge now has more traffic than any other motorway bridge in Denmark (if not counting short viaducts near Copenhagen such as the Tåstrupvej viaduct)

Cantilever bridge
A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end (called cantilevers). For small footbridges, the cantilevers may be simple beams; however, large cantilever bridges designed to handle road or rail traffic use trusses built from structural steel, or box girders built from prestressed concrete.

The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major engineering breakthrough when first put into practice, as it can span distances of over 1,500 feet (450 m), and can be more easily constructed at difficult crossings by virtue of using little or no falsework.
Cryptocurrency bubble
A cryptocurrency bubble is a phenomenon where the market increasingly considers the going price of cryptocurrency assets to be inflated against their hypothetical value. The history of cryptocurrency has been marked by several speculative bubbles on a boom to bust cycle.

Some economists and prominent investors have expressed the view that the entire cryptocurrency market constitutes a speculative bubble. Adherents of this view include Berkshire Hathaway board member Warren Buffett and several laureates of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, central bankers, and investors.

Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Named after Italian con artist Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business activities (whereas the business activities are non-existent), or by exaggerating the extent and profitability of the legitimate business activities, using new investments to fabricate or supplement these profits. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as investors continue to contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment or lose faith in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.
2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.

2008 Rugby League World Cup final
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup final was the championship-deciding game of the 2008 Rugby League World Cup tournament. Played between New Zealand and Australia on 22 November 2008 at Brisbane's Lang Park, the match was a re-play of the 2000 Rugby League World Cup final and its outcome determined who became World Cup-holders for the following five years. Considered one of the biggest upsets in rugby league, New Zealand defeated Australia 34–20 to claim their first ever World Cup title.
Philippine Braille
Philippine Braille or Filipino Braille is the braille alphabet of the Philippines. Besides Filipino (Tagalog), essentially the same alphabet is used for Ilocano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon and Bicol.

Philippine Braille is based on the 26 letters of the basic braille alphabet used for Grade-1 English Braille, so the print digraph ng is written as a digraph ⠝⠛ in braille as well. The print letter ñ is rendered with the generic accent point, ⠈⠝. These are considered part of the alphabet, which is therefore,

Numbers and punctuation are as in traditional English Braille, though the virgule / is ⠸⠌ as in Unified English Braille.

International uniformity of braille alphabets
The goal of braille uniformity is to unify the braille alphabets of the world as much as possible, so that literacy in one braille alphabet readily transfers to another. Unification was first achieved by a convention of the International Congress on Work for the Blind in 1878, where it was decided to replace the mutually incompatible national conventions of the time with the French values of the basic Latin alphabet, both for languages that use Latin-based alphabets and, through their Latin equivalents, for languages that use other scripts. However, the unification did not address letters beyond these 26, leaving French and German Braille partially incompatible and as braille spread to new languages with new needs, national conventions again became disparate. A second round of unification was undertaken under the auspices of UNESCO in 1951, setting the foundation for international braille usage today.
Crystal Mall (British Columbia)
The Crystal Mall (Chinese: 麗晶廣場) is a shopping mall oriented towards the local Chinese community in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. It is located at 4500 Kingsway at the intersection with Willingdon Avenue in Metrotown, directly adjoined to the Hilton Metrotown Vancouver Hotel. A 26 floor residential tower called Residence at the Crystal was also constructed that connects to the rest of the shopping complex.

It is also across from the Metropolis at Metrotown shopping centre and the Bob Prittie Metrotown Burnaby Public Library branch.

Metrotown, Burnaby
Metrotown is a town centre serving the southwest quadrant of Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. It is one of the city's four officially designated town centres, as well as one of Metro Vancouver's regional town centres. It is the central business district of the City of Burnaby.

As officially defined by the City of Burnaby, the town centre is bounded on the west by Boundary Road (taking in Central Park), on the south by Imperial Street, on the east by Royal Oak Avenue, and on the north by a series of local streets (Thurston, Bond, Grange and Dover streets), giving an area of 2.97 km2 (730 acres). Kingsway forms the central commercial spine for the neighbourhood, and is paralleled to the south by the SkyTrain tracks running alongside Central Boulevard.

The area is served by Patterson and Metrotown SkyTrain stations, while Royal Oak station sits just beyond the southeastern limits of the district. The area is characterised by its many high rise commercial and residential buildings.
Elizabeth Cascio
Elizabeth Cascio is an applied economist and currently a professor of economics who holds the DeWalt H. 1921 and Marie H. Ankeny Professorship in Economic Policy at Dartmouth College. Her research interests are in labor economics and public economics, and focus on the economic impact of policies affecting education in the United States. She is also a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a research associate at the IZA Institute of Labor Economics, and Co-editor of the Journal of Human Resources.

Ethan G. Lewis
Ethan Lewis is a labor economist and Professor of Economics at Dartmouth College. His fields of specialization are labor economics and econometrics with a specific interest in how U.S. labor markets have adapted to immigration and technological change.

Prior to Dartmouth, Lewis was a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and an economist in the Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
1929 Stanley Cup Final
The 1929 Stanley Cup Final was played by the defending champion New York Rangers and the Boston Bruins. This was the first time in Stanley Cup Finals history that two American-based teams met in the Finals. Boston won the series to win its first championship.

1928–29 New York Rangers season
The 1928–29 New York Rangers season was the franchise's third season. During the regular season, the Rangers finished in second place in the American Division with a 21–13–10 record and qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs. In the postseason, the Rangers won series against the New York Americans and Toronto Maple Leafs to reach the Stanley Cup Finals, where they lost to the Boston Bruins 2–0.
Nuria I. Fernandez
Nuria I. Fernandez is a Panamanian-American civil engineer who served as the administrator of the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), from June 10, 2021, to February 24, 2024. After she was appointed as deputy administrator of the FTA on January 21, 2021, she served as the acting administrator until her confirmation in June. Fernandez has held leadership positions in large transit agencies, including as general manager and chief executive officer of the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority from 2014 to 2021, chief operating officer of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) from 2011 to 2014, and senior vice president of design and construction for both the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) from 1994 to 1997.

Valley Transportation Authority
The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, more commonly known simply as the Valley Transportation Authority (VTA), is a special district responsible for public transit services, congestion management, specific highway capacity expansion projects, and countywide transportation planning for Santa Clara County, California. It serves San Jose, California, and the surrounding Silicon Valley. It is one of the governing parties for the Caltrain commuter rail line that serves the county. In 2025, the VTA's public transportation services had a combined ridership of 27,576,300, or about 93,000 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
InfoCom Corporation
InfoCom Corporation was an American web hosting service company founded by five brothers in 1992. It was initially based in Dallas, Texas, and before moving to Richardson, Texas.
The company was raided on 5 September 2001 and its bank account frozen. Criminal charges were brought on 18 December 2002.
On October 13, 2005 InfoCom Corporation was sentenced to two years’ probation resulting in it being shut down due to charges of conspiracy to violate the Export Administration Regulations and the Libyan Sanctions Regulations. Its founding members were also convicted on charges of false statements, money laundering and fundraising on behalf of the U.S.- terrorist designated organization Hamas.

Mousa Abu Marzook
Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook (Arabic: موسى محمد أبو مرزوق‎; born 9 January 1951) is a Palestinian politician and senior member of Hamas who served as the first chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau from 1992 until 1996 and deputy chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau from January 1997 until April 2013, where he was succeeded by Ismail Haniyeh.
KSLC
KSLC (90.3 FM) is a classical music radio station in McMinnville, Oregon. It is broadcast over the air on 90.3 MHz and on the internet using the Live365 player.

KSLC broadcasts in HD.

At 7a.m. on April 2, 2020, KSLC switched to a simulcast of classical-formatted KQAC 89.9 FM Portland and to ICAN-children's arts on its HD2 subchannel.

Effective November 19, 2020, Linfield University donated the station's license to All Classical Public Media, Inc.

McMinnville, Oregon
McMinnville is the county seat of and the most populous city in Yamhill County, Oregon, United States, at the base of the Oregon Coast Range. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 34,319.

McMinnville is located in the Willamette Valley at the confluence of the North and South forks of the Yamhill River. The city's economy has both industry and service businesses as well as the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum, home of Howard Hughes's famed Spruce Goose flying boat. Linfield University provides higher education.

McMinnville is a center of the well-developed Oregon wine industry in the Willamette Valley, which has hundreds of wineries and vineyards.
Chang Phueak, Chiang Mai
Chang Phueak (Thai: ช้างเผือก) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Mai District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The tambon is home to the Chiang Mai National Museum, which traces northern Thai history and culture. Rama IX Lanna Park has lakes and picnic spots, and winding roads lead into mountainous Doi Suthep-Pui National Park.

In 2010, it had a population of 9,191 people. The tambon contains five villages, including Khun Chang Khian and others.

Khun Chang Khian
Khun Chang Khian (Thai: ขุนช่างเคี่ยน) is a village administered as Moo 4 in Chang Phueak tambon (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Mai District, in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. In 1999, it had a total population of 697 people. It is a White Hmong village that was founded in 1955. The village is located to the east of Doi Pui and is approximately 1,350 metres (4,430 ft) above sea level.
Turrettini family
The Turrettini family (sometimes written as Turrettin and Turretin) is a family of Italian origin based in Geneva, Switzerland that distinguished itself in politics, diplomacy, trade, banking, theology, academia and industry.

François Turrettini (Sinologist)
François Auguste Turrettini (1845 — 1908) was a Swiss Sinologist and publisher, active in the City of Geneva in the late 19th century. He studed in Geneva in 1865–66, then later at the École des langues orientales in Paris. Later, he studied at the Collège de France underneath Stanislas Julien.

In 1871, he founded the publishing firm "L'Atsumegusa" in Geneva that, for the first time in Europe, printed East Asian texts in Chinese characters. His research and publishing projects relied on the assistance of Tschin Ta-Ni, a Chinese typesetter, who was the first Chinese person to obtain citizenship in the City and Republic of Geneva.

Turrettini was a descendant of an elite merchant family who fled to Geneva after the Protestant Reformation in Italy, the Turrettini.