hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas Luiz
Douglas Luiz Soares de Paulo (born 9 May 1998), known as Douglas Luiz, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Aston Villa, on loan from Serie A club Juventus, and the Brazil national team.  He is an Olympic champion, winning gold in the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football final.

Douglas Luiz is a product of the Vasco da Gama academy; he was signed by Manchester City in 2017, but never played a competitive match during his time at the club, due to work permit difficulties, and was subsequently loaned out to La Liga side Girona twice. Aston Villa signed Luiz in July 2019 where he spent five seasons, ultimately helping the side qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over 40 years in 2024; he subsequently signed for Juventus.

2019 Toulon Tournament
The 2019 Toulon Tournament (officially French: 47ème Festival International "Espoirs" – Tournoi Maurice Revello) was the 47th edition of the Toulon Tournament. It was held in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône from 1 to 15 June 2019. England were the defending champions but they were eliminated in the group stage.

In this season the tournament was contested by under-22 national teams, although France, Portugal, England and Republic of Ireland played with their under-18, under-19, under-20 and under-21 teams, respectively.

Brazil won their ninth title by defeating Japan 5–4 in a penalty shoot-out in the final, after the match had finished in a 1–1 draw.
Richmond Register
The Richmond Register is a tri-weekly daily newspaper based in Richmond, Kentucky, and covering Madison County. It publishes Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. The Register is owned by Community Newspaper Holdings Inc.

In January 2006, the Kentucky Press Association named the Register best newspaper in the state in its circulation division, based on the number of awards won in the "Daily Class 1" division (for the smallest daily newspapers by circulation) of the KPA's 2005 Excellence In Kentucky Newspapers contest.

Richmond, Kentucky
Richmond is a home rule-class city in Madison County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 34,585 as of the 2020 census, making it the state's seventh-largest city. It is the principal city of the Richmond–Berea micropolitan area, which includes all of Madison and Rockcastle counties and had 123,000 residents in 2020.

The city is named after Richmond, Virginia and is home to Eastern Kentucky University. Richmond is the county seat of Madison County and serves as the center for work and shopping in south-central Kentucky. Richmond is home to numerous festivals, notably the Millstone Festival.
Prunus incana
Prunus incana, the willow leaf cherry (and hoary cherry, although that name is also used for Prunus canescens), is a species of sour cherry native to the Caucasus region of central Asia, including Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, Kurdistan region of Iraq and Iran. A scrubby plant, it tends to grow on limestone cliffs at elevations around 360-2400 m.

Prunus canescens
Prunus canescens, the gray-leaf cherry (and hoary cherry, although that name is also used for Prunus incana), is a species of cherry native to China, found in Hubei and Sichuan provinces. A shrubby tree, it grows to about 3 m. It is a parent of a number of hybrid rootstocks for sweet cherries, and occasionally grown as an ornamental for its attractive shiny brown bark.
Tai Wai (constituency)
Tai Wai is one of the 41 constituencies of the Sha Tin District Council. The constituency elects one member of the council every four years. It was first created in 1985 Hong Kong district boards election. The constituency boundary is loosely based on Tai Wai.

Tai Wai
Tai Wai (Chinese: 大圍 /ˌtaɪ ˈwaɪ/) is an area in the New Territories, Hong Kong, located between Sha Tin and the Lion Rock, within the Sha Tin District.

With three rapid transit stations, one of which an interchange station serving two lines, five bus termini and several trunk roads and tunnels connecting it to other parts of the New Territories, such as Tsuen Wan, and Kowloon, Tai Wai is an important transport node in Hong Kong.
Museum of Sarajevo
Museum of Sarajevo, also Museum of the City of Sarajevo, is a museum of history and culture of Sarajevo, located in Stari Grad Municipality of the City of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The museum is operated by JU Muzej Sarajeva (Public Institution Museum of Sarajevo), and housed in 19th century Bosnian biographer, Kosta Hörmann's Villa, in Josipa Štadlera 32 street on the municipality of Stari Grad.

The museum was founded in 1949 and has several departments and five annexes operating in historic locations and designated heritage sites, Svrzo's House, Despić's House, Brusa Bezistan, Museum of the Jews of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Museum of Sarajevo 1878–1918.

Brusa bezistan
Brusa bezistan with its 6 roof domes it is one of the historic buildings in Sarajevo's Baščaršija from the time of the Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has a rectangular base and has four entrances on all four sides, and connects the craft streets Kundurdžiluk, Veliki and Mali Čurčiluk with Abadžiluk and the Baščaršija. It was built by order of the Grand Vizier Rustem-pasha Opuković in 1551. Bezistan was named after the Turkish city of Bursa, from which silk was brought to Bezistan and sold. Unlike Gazi Husrev-beg's bezistan, where groceries were originally sold, Brusa bezistan sold household items and small furniture in addition to silk. Today it is one of the museums in the city, designated as the National monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and houses one of the departments of Museum of Sarajevo.
Crystal City station (VRE)
Crystal City station is a commuter rail station in the Crystal City section of Arlington County, Virginia, located near the George Washington Memorial Parkway and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. It is served by the Fredericksburg Line and Manassas Line of the Virginia Railway Express (VRE) system. VRE plans to rebuild the station nearby to accommodate longer trains and increased service.

Crystal City, Virginia
Crystal City is an urban neighborhood in the southeastern corner of Arlington County, Virginia, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Downtown Washington, D.C. Due to its extensive integration of office buildings, residential high-rise buildings, and stores using underground corridors, it is possible to travel much of the neighborhood without going above ground, making part of Crystal City an underground city.

Crystal City hosts several aerospace manufacturing and defense industry companies, public sector consulting firms, government contractors, the U.S. Department of Labor, the U.S. Marshals Service, satellite offices for the Pentagon, and nonprofit organizations, including the International Foundation for Electoral Systems and the national headquarters for PBS.

Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, the busiest airport in the Washington metropolitan area, serves more than 25 million passengers annually in recent years and is located adjacent to Crystal city.
Quruvchilar (Tashkent Metro)
Quruvchilar is a Tashkent Metro station on the Circle Line. It was opened on 25 April 2023 as part of the extension of the line between Qoʻyliq and Quruvchilar. The adjacent stations are Xonobod and Turon. On 11 March 2024, the line was extended to Qipchoq, and Quruvchilar ceased to be the terminus.

The original name of the station was 12-Bekat, which means "Station 12", and in August 2023 Quruvchilar, together with other stations of the line, was given a proper name.

Turon (Tashkent Metro)
Turon is a Tashkent Metro station on the Circle Line. It was opened on 11 March 2024 as part of the extension of the line between Quruvchilar and Qipchoq. The adjacent stations are Quruvchilar and Qipchoq.
Wadi Qaramogh
The Wadi Qaramogh is a tributary of the Balikh River in Syria. It drains west of the Balikh Valley, feeding the Balikh stream. The Wadi Qaramogh can transport considerable amounts of water after heavy rainfall, and large limestone blocks can be found in its lower course.

Balikh River
The Balikh River (Arabic: نهر البليخ) is a perennial river that originates in the spring of Ain al-Arous near Tell Abyad in the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests ecoregion. It flows due south and joins the Euphrates at the modern city of Raqqa. The Balikh is the second largest tributary to the Euphrates in Syria, after the Khabur River. It is an important source of water and large sections have recently been subjected to canalization.
The Association for Science Education
The Association for Science Education (ASE) is a professional association in the United Kingdom for teachers of science and science technicians.  The association was formed in 1963 and is a member of the UK Science Council.

Science Council
The Science Council is a UK organisation that was established by Royal Charter in 2003. The principal activity of The Science Council is the promotion of the advancement and dissemination of knowledge of and education in science pure and applied, for the public benefit. The Science Council is the competent authority with respect to the European Union directive 2005/36/EC. It is a membership organisation for learned and professional bodies across science and its applications and works with them to represent this sector to government and others. Together, the member organisations represent over 350,000 scientists. The Science Council provides a forum for discussion and exchange of views and works to foster collaboration between member organisations and the wider science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medical communities to enable inter-disciplinary contributions to science policy and the application of science.
Serkan İnan
Serkan İnan (born 5 November 1986) is a Swedish-Turkish former professional basketball player who currently plays for the AIK of the Swedish 2nd division North Svealand. He has previously played for multiple teams in the Turkish Basketball League.

Turks in Sweden
Turks in Sweden or Swedish Turks (Swedish: Turkar i Sverige; Turkish: İsveç Türkleri) are people of ethnic Turkish origin living in Sweden. The majority of Swedish Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey; however there has also been significant Turkish migration waves from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to Sweden from the Balkans (e.g. from Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Romania), the island of Cyprus, and more recently Iraq and Syria.

In 2009 the Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 100,000 people in Sweden with a Turkish background, and a further 10,000 Swedish-Turks living in Turkey. Many Turks in Sweden have double citizenship and 37,000 are registered voters in Turkey.
Judo at the 1987 Pan American Games
The Judo Competition for men and women at the 1987 Pan American Games was held from August 7 to August 23, 1987, in Indianapolis, United States. There were eight weight divisions for both men and women.

1987 Pan American Games
The 1987 Pan American Games, officially known as the X Pan American Games, was a major international multi-sport event held in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, on August 7–23, 1987. Over 4,300 athletes from 38 countries in the Americas competed in 297 events in 30 sports, earning 1,015 medals. Events were held at 23 venues in and around Indianapolis. The official mascot for the games was Amigo, a green parrot.
Gran Premio Estrellas Juvenile Fillies
The Gran Premio Estrellas Juvenile Fillies (also known as Gran Premio Estrellas Potrancas) is a Group 1 horse race in Argentina that is part of the Carreras de las Estrellas and is open to two-year-old fillies. It is run over a distance of 1600 metres (0.99 mi) either on the turf at Hipódromo de San Isidro or on the dirt at the Hipódromo Argentino de Palermo.

Carreras de las Estrellas
The Carreras de las Estrellas are an annual series of thoroughbred horse races run in Argentina since 1991, inspired by the Breeders' Cup and organized by the Fundación Equina Argentina (FEAR). It is one of the most popular horse racing events in Argentina and consists of six Group 1 races, one Group 3 race, a listed restricted race, and two ungraded races.

Many important and famous Argentine racehorses have won Carreras de las Estrellas races, including Intérprete, Wally, Refinado Tom, Team, Miss Terrible, Potrillón, and Ollagua.
Double switching
Double switching, double cutting, or double breaking is the practice of using a multipole switch to close or open both the positive and negative sides of a DC electrical circuit, or both the hot and neutral sides of an AC circuit. This technique is used to prevent shock hazard in electric devices connected with unpolarised AC power plugs and sockets. Double switching is a crucial safety engineering practice in railway signalling, wherein it is used to ensure that a single false feed of current to a relay is unlikely to cause a wrong-side failure. It is an example of using redundancy to increase safety and reduce the likelihood of failure, analogous to double insulation. Double switching increases the cost and complexity of systems in which it is employed, for example by extra relay contacts and extra relays, so the technique is applied selectively where it can provide a cost-effective safety improvement.

Wrong-side failure
A wrong-side failure describes a failure condition in a piece of railway signalling equipment that results in an unsafe state. 
A typical example would be a signal showing a 'proceed' aspect (e.g. green) when it should be showing a 'stop' or 'danger' aspect, resulting in a "false clear". (The converse is a right-side failure, where even with any reduction the resulting state is safe overall.)
Yamaska (federal electoral district)
Yamaska (French pronunciation: [jamaska]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935.

It was created by the British North America Act, 1867, which preserved existing electoral districts in Lower Canada.

In 1924, it was defined as consisting of the County of Yamaska, and the township of Upton in the County of Drummond.

The electoral district was abolished in 1933, when it was re-distributed into Nicolet—Yamaska, Drummond—Arthabaska and Richelieu—Verchères ridings.

Richelieu—Verchères (federal electoral district)
Richelieu—Verchères (French pronunciation: [ʁiʃ(ə)ljø vɛʁʃɛʁ]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Chambly—Verchères, Richelieu, St. Hyacinthe—Rouville and Yamaska ridings.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Chambly, Richelieu and Saint-Hyacinthe ridings.
Art Students' League of Philadelphia
Art Students' League of Philadelphia was a short-lived, co-operative art school formed in reaction to Thomas Eakins's February 1886 forced-resignation from the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Eakins taught without pay at ASL from 1886 until the school's dissolution in early 1893.

Amelia Van Buren
Amelia C. Van Buren (c. 1856 – 1942) was an American photographer.  A noted portrait photographer, she was a student of Thomas Eakins, and the subject of his c. 1891 painting Miss Amelia Van Buren, regarded as one of his finest works.
1972 Baltimore Colts season
The 1972 Baltimore Colts season was the 20th season for the team in the National Football League. They finished with 5 wins and 9 losses, third in the AFC East.

Robert Irsay, who had recently taken over the Los Angeles Rams, traded ownership of the NFL franchises with Colts' owner Carroll Rosenbloom, with players and coaching staffs remaining intact. Rosenbloom had previously wanted to move the Colts to Tampa, but was turned down by the league.

However, the Colts were getting older and started 1–4 before third-year head coach Don McCafferty was fired by new general manager Joe Thomas. In their final nine games under interim head coach John Sandusky, Baltimore won four to finish at 5–9, their first losing mark in sixteen seasons. The entire coaching staff was let go after the season concluded.

Robert Irsay
Robert Irsay (March 5, 1923 – January 14, 1997) was an American professional football team owner. He owned the National Football League (NFL)'s Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts franchise from 1972 until his death in 1997. He was the father of former Colts owner Jim Irsay.
Trakehner
Trakehner (/trəˈkeɪnər/) is a warmblood breed of horse, originally developed at the East Prussian state stud farm in the town of Trakehnen from which the breed takes its name.  The  state stud was established in 1731 and operated until 1944, when the fighting of World War II led to the annexing of East Prussia by Russia, and the town containing the stud renamed as Yasnaya Polyana.

The Trakehner typically stands between 15.2 and 17 hands (62 and 68 inches, 157 and 173 cm). They can be any color, with bay, gray, chestnut and black being the most common, though the breed also includes few roan and tobiano pinto horses. It is considered to be the lightest and most refined of the warmbloods, due to its closed stud book which allows entry of only Trakehner, as well as few selected Thoroughbred, Anglo-Arabian, Shagya and Arabian bloodlines.

Wielkopolski
The Wielkopolski is a breed of horse that was originated in Central and Western Poland in 1964, and is occasionally known as Mazursko-Poznanski. Its name derives from Wielkopolska ("Great Poland"), a region in west central Poland centred on Poznań.
Narrow-gauge railways in Italy
Most narrow-gauge railways in Italy were built with Italian metre gauge, which is actually 950 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in) because historically the Italian track gauge was defined from the centres of the rail instead of the internationally accepted method of measuring the gauge from the inside edges of the rails.
Several metre-gauge lines were built in northern Italy.

123 km 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge (123 km electrified); 1,290 km 950 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in) gauge (151 km electrified); 231 km 850 mm (2 ft 9+15⁄32 in) gauge (2008)

Track gauge in Italy
Historically, Italy had two unusual dominant track gauges which were legally defined depending on the terrain encountered. The gauge of 1,445 mm (4 ft 8+7⁄8 in) was used for the national Italian rail network and was very similar to the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge commonly used elsewhere in the world.

Since the 1930s, the 1,435 mm gauge has been adopted as the standard and gradually replaced the 1,445 mm track gauge. Thus, in Italy, only a few older tram systems, such as the Milanese tramway network, remain equipped with 1,445 mm.

The other popular gauge, a narrow gauge, was defined at 950 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in) and is very similar to the metre gauge – 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) – commonly used in many other parts of Europe and thus came to be known as "the Italian metre gauge".
Complementizer
In linguistics (especially generative grammar), a complementizer or complementiser (glossing abbreviation: comp) is a functional category (part of speech) that includes those words that can be used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence. For example, the word that may be called a complementizer in English sentences like Mary believes that it is raining. The concept of complementizers is specific to certain modern grammatical theories. In traditional grammar, such words are normally considered conjunctions. The standard abbreviation for complementizer is C.

Clause
In language, a clause is a constituent or phrase that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate. A typical clause consists of a subject and a syntactic predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase composed of a verb with or without any objects and other modifiers. However, the subject is sometimes unexpressed if it is easily deducible from the context, especially in null-subject languages but also in other languages, including instances of the imperative mood in English.

A complete simple sentence contains a single clause with a finite verb. Complex sentences contain at least one clause subordinated to (dependent on) an independent clause (one that could stand alone as a simple sentence), which may be co-ordinated with other independents with or without dependents. Some dependent clauses are non-finite, i.e. they do not contain any element/verb marking a specific tense.
Dragline excavator
A dragline excavator is a heavy-duty excavator used in civil engineering and surface mining.  It was invented in 1904, and presented an immediate challenge to the steam shovel and its diesel and electric powered descendant, the power shovel.  Much more efficient than even the largest of the latter, it enjoyed a heyday in extreme size for most of the 20th century, first becoming challenged by more efficient rotary excavators in the 1950s, then superseded by them on the upper end from the 1970s on.

The largest ever walking dragline was Big Muskie, a Bucyrus-Erie 4250-W put online in 1969 that swung a 220 cu yd (170 m3), 325 ton capacity bucket, had a 310 feet (94 m) boom, and weighed 13,500 tons.

The largest walking dragline produced as of 2014 was Joy Global’s digital AC drive control P&H 9020XPC, which has a bucket capacity of 110–160 cu yd (84–122 m3) and boom lengths ranging from 325–425 ft (99–130 m); working weights vary between 7,539 and 8,002 tons.

P&H Mining
P&H Mining Equipment sells drilling and material handling machinery under the "P&H" trademark. The firm is an operating subsidiary of Joy Global Inc. In 2017 Joy Global Inc. was acquired by Komatsu Limited of Tokyo, Japan, and is now known as Komatsu Mining Corporation and operates as a subsidiary of Komatsu.
Autumn-Admiring Pavilion
Autumn-Admiring Pavilion or Aiwan Pavilion (simplified Chinese: 爱晚亭; traditional Chinese: 愛晚亭; pinyin: Àiwǎntíng) is a Chinese pavilion on Mount Yuelu, in Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan. Alongside the Zuiweng Pavilion, Taoran Pavilion and Huxin Pavilion, it is one of the Four Great Pavilions of Jiangnan.

Yuelu Mountain
Yuelu Mountain (simplified Chinese: 岳麓山; traditional Chinese: 嶽麓山; pinyin: yuèlù shān) is located on the west bank of the Xiang River, one tributary of Yangtze River in Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan. Its main peak and the highest point, Yunlu Peak, is about 300.8-metre (987 ft) above the sea level.
Farinomalein
Farinomalein is a natural maleimide with formula C10H13NO4 - was first isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria farinosa (Paecilomyces farinosus) - source H599 (Japan).

Farinomalein has shown potent and selective inhibition (0.15-5 μg/disk) against eight isolates of plant pathogenic Phytophthora sojae. These results suggest that farinomalein might be useful as a candidate pesticide for the treatment of Phytophthora stem rot in soybean.

Maleimide
Maleimide is a chemical compound with the formula H2C2(CO)2NH (see diagram). This unsaturated imide is an important building block in organic synthesis. The name is a contraction of maleic acid and imide, the -C(O)NHC(O)- functional group.  Maleimides are also a class of derivatives of the parent maleimide where the NH group is replaced with alkyl or aryl groups such as a methyl or phenyl, respectively. The substituent can also be a small molecule (such as biotin, a fluorescent dye, an oligosaccharide, or a nucleic acid), a reactive group, or a synthetic polymer such as polyethylene glycol. Human hemoglobin chemically modified with maleimide-polyethylene glycol is a blood substitute called MP4.