hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ancient Chinese wooden architecture
Ancient Chinese wooden architecture is a style of Chinese architecture. In the West it has been studied less than other architectural styles. Although Chinese architectural history reaches far back in time, descriptions of Chinese architecture are often confined to the well known Forbidden City with little else explored by the West.: 1–5  Although common features of Chinese architecture have been unified into a vocabulary illustrating uniquely Chinese forms and methods, until recently data has not been available. Because of the lack of knowledge of the roots of Chinese architecture, the descriptions of its elements are often translated into Western terms and architectural theory, losing their unique Chinese meanings.: 1–5  A cause of this deficiency is that the two most important Chinese government architecture manuals, the Song dynasty Yingzao Fashi and Qing Architecture Standards have never been translated into any Western language.

Coffer
A coffer (or coffering) in  architecture is a series of sunken panels in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault.  A series of these sunken panels was often used as decoration for a ceiling or a vault, also called caissons ("boxes"), or lacunaria ("spaces, openings"), so that a coffered ceiling can be called a lacunar ceiling: the strength of the structure is in the framework of the coffers.
Saint-Ouen Abbey, Rouen
Saint-Ouen Abbey, (French: Abbaye Saint-Ouen de Rouen) is a large Gothic Catholic church and former Benedictine monastic church in Rouen. It is named for Audoin (French: Ouen, English: Owen), 7th-century bishop of Rouen in modern Normandy, France. The church's name is sometimes anglicized as St Owen's. Built on a similar scale to nearby Rouen Cathedral, the abbey is famous for both its architecture and its large, unaltered Cavaillé-Coll organ, which was described by Charles-Marie Widor as "a Michelangelo of an organ". With the cathedral and the Church of Saint-Maclou, Saint-Ouen is one of the principal French Gothic monuments of the city.

Rouen Cathedral
Rouen Cathedral (French: Cathédrale primatiale Notre-Dame de l'Assomption de Rouen) is a Catholic church in Rouen, Normandy, France. It is the see of the Archbishop of Rouen, Primate of Normandy. It is famous for its three towers, each in a different style. The cathedral, built and rebuilt over a period of more than eight hundred years, has features from Early Gothic to late Flamboyant and Renaissance architecture. It also has a place in art history as the subject of a series of impressionist paintings by Claude Monet, and in architecture history as from 1876 to 1880, it was the tallest building in the world.
St Mary's Island, River Thames
St Mary's Island is a tiny island in the River Thames in England. It has a size of about 150 m by 50 m.

The island is on the reach above Caversham Lock on the western outskirts of the town of Reading, Berkshire. It is close in to the northern (Caversham) bank in an area called The Fishery and is unpopulated.

Caversham Lock
Caversham Lock is a lock and main weir on the River Thames in England at Reading, Berkshire. Both the lock and main weir are connected to De Bohun Island (colloquially known as Lock Island). The Thames Navigation Commissioners built the original lock in 1778. Additional sluices north of View Island and Heron Island form the whole weir complex. A footbridge, known as The Clappers, passes over the weir and all three islands to connect Lower Caversham to Reading.

The weir is upstream of the lock and in the mid-channel. Kings Meadow, Reading, and buildings comprising homes and office blocks adjoin to the south of the lock itself. The island contains a typical lock-keeper's house, a crane depot, small boatyard, and large boathouse owned by the Environment Agency for occasional use by that authority and police in river patrol and maintenance of boats.

The head of water provided by the weir is used by Reading Hydro to generate up to 46 kW of electricity.
Benzylpiperazine
Benzylpiperazine (BZP), also known as 1-benzylpiperazine, is a substance often used as a recreational drug and is known to have euphoriant and stimulant properties. Several studies conducted between 2000 and 2011 found that the effects of BZP are similar to amphetamine, although BZP's dosage is roughly 10 times higher by weight.

Adverse effects have been reported following its use including acute psychosis, renal toxicity and seizures. Deaths from piperazine derivatives are extremely rare, but there has been at least one death apparently due to BZP alone. Its sale is banned in several countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Romania and other parts of Europe.

Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 is a New Zealand drug control law that classifies drugs into three classes, or schedules, purportedly based on their projected risk of serious harm. However, in reality, classification of drugs outside of passing laws (such as this one), where the restriction has no legal power, is performed by the governor-general in conjunction with the Minister of Health, neither of whom is actually bound by law to obey this restriction.

In December 2018 it was amended to permit terminally ill patients to use marijuana without risk of prosecution.
Cwm Head
Cwm Head is a hamlet in Shropshire, England. The name is part-Welsh, part-English and means "Head of the Valley".

It is located in the civil parish of Wistanstow and on the B4370 road, 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) southwest of Marshbrook and the A49 road. From Cwm Head, the B4370 heads downhill both towards Marshbrook and in the other direction towards Horderley and the A489.

There is a Church of England parish church at Cwm Head - "St Michael and All Angels". It was built in 1845 to a neo-Norman design by H. C. Whitling and is built largely of stone.

To the northwest is the hamlet of Hamperley while to the northeast (towards Marshbrook) is the hamlet of Whittingslow.

The hamlet lies between 226m and 232m above sea level.

Whittingslow
Whittingslow is a hamlet in Shropshire, England.

It is located in the parish of Wistanstow, just off the B4370 road, between Marshbrook and Cwm Head. The hamlet lies on a hilltop, at 252m above sea level. The lane from the B4370 continues, along a ridge of hills, to the hamlet of Woolston in the southwest and then on to the village of Wistanstow itself.
Max von Schenkendorf
Gottlob Ferdinand Maximilian Gottfried von Schenkendorf (11 December 1783 in Tilsit in East Prussia – 11 December 1817 in Koblenz) was a German poet, born in Tilsit and educated at Königsberg. During the War of Liberation, in which he took an active part, Schenkendorf was associated with Arndt and Körner in the writing of patriotic songs.  His poems were published as Gedichte (1815), Poetischer Nachlass (1832), and Sämtliche Gedichte (1837; fifth edition, 1878). Some of his poems were set to music by lieder composer Pauline Volkstein.  For his Life, consult Hagen (Berlin, 1863); Knaake (Tilsit, 1890); E. von Klein, M. von Schenkendorf (Vienna, 1908).

Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Sovetsk (Russian: Сове́тск; German: Tilsit [ˈtɪlzɪt] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Tilžė; Polish: Tylża) is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the south bank of the Neman River which forms the border with Lithuania.

Founded in the medieval period and granted municipal rights in 1552, it is one of the historically most important towns of the oblast and the traditional capital of the region of Lithuania Minor. It was the place where two treaties were concluded, of great importance in the history of France, Poland, Lithuania, Germany and Russia. It is the place of origin of the Tilsit cheese.

With a population of 38,614 as of 2023 it is the second largest city of the Kaliningrad Oblast.
Great sparrow
The great sparrow (Passer motitensis), also known as the southern rufous sparrow, is found in southern Africa in dry, wooded savannah and towns.

This is a 15–16 cm long sparrow superficially like a large house sparrow. It has a grey crown and rear neck and rufous upperparts.

While in the past some authorities considered this species and several related species of 'rufous sparrow' on the African mainland to be the same as the Iago sparrow of Cape Verde, they do not appear to be so closely related as thought. A few currently recognise only some of the rufous sparrows as separate from the great sparrow, but the Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International recognise the Socotra sparrow, Kenya sparrow, Kordofan sparrow, and Shelley's sparrow as separate species.

Kordofan sparrow
The Kordofan sparrow (Passer cordofanicus), also known as the Kordofan rufous sparrow, is a sparrow found only in southwestern Sudan and adjacent border regions of South Sudan and Chad. It is frequently considered a subspecies of the Kenya sparrow, which in turn is considered a subspecies of the great sparrow.
Donja Budriga
Donja Budriga (Serbian Cyrillic: Доња Будрига, Albanian: Budrikë e Poshtme, Macedonian: Долна Будрига, romanized: Dolna Budriga) is a village in the municipality of Parteš in Kosovo. It is inhabited by a majority of ethnic Serbs.

Parteš
Parteš (Serbian Cyrillic: Партеш) or Partesh (Albanian definite form: Parteshi), is a town and municipality located in the Gjilan District of Kosovo. The municipality was established on 19 August 2010. It is inhabited by Serbs, and as of 2013, it has an estimated population of 5,300 inhabitants.
The Message (podcast)
The Message is a science fiction podcast co-produced by Panoply and GE Podcast Theater. Diegetically its title is CypherCast, and it is hosted by the fictional character Nicky Tomalin, portrayed by Annapurna Sriram. Tomalin's fictional podcast covers the decoding of a message from outer space received 70 years ago. Over the course of 8 weeks, listeners follow a team of top cryptologists as they attempt to decipher, decode, and understand the alien message. It won the Webby Award in 2016 for the best use of native advertising.

Megaphone (podcasting)
Megaphone (formerly Panoply Media) is a software-as-a-service (SaaS) business owned by Spotify. The company provides software for podcast hosting and monetization as well as an ad network to generate additional revenue for podcast publishers. It was formerly an audio content producer started by The Slate Group as Panoply Media, and later shifted to focusing solely on software for monetizing, measuring and distributing podcasts of media companies and independent producers.
KELQ
KELQ (107.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format, simulcasting KELO (1320 AM). Licensed to Flandreau, South Dakota, it serves the Sioux Falls area. The station is owned by Midwest Communications.

Midwest Communications
Midwest Communications, Inc. is a Wausau, Wisconsin–based radio broadcasting company. It owns 82 radio stations located primarily within the Midwest United States, in Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Tennessee, Illinois and Wisconsin. The company is a family-owned business and is headed by the Wright family.
Søre Øyane
Søre Øyane is a village in Bjørnafjorden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on an archipelago in the Bjørnafjorden, off the western coast of the municipality, southeast of the larger island of Strøno. The archipelago consists of four major islands, Røtinga, Bruarøy, Sundøy, and Lepsøy, as well as several smaller islands and islets, many of which are uninhabited. Lepsøy, the northernmost island, is located adjacent to the mainland, which it is connected to by a short bridge. A longer bridge spans the strait between Lepsøy and Sundøy, which in turn is connected to Røtinga and a smaller island, Brattholmen, through Bruarøy.

The 1.06-square-kilometre (260-acre) village has a population (2025) of 1,098 and a population density of 1,036 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,680/sq mi).

Bjørnafjorden Municipality
Bjørnafjorden is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the Midhordland region of the county. The administrative centre of Bjørnafjorden is the village of Osøyro. Other villages in the municipality include Eikelandsosen, Fusa, Hagavik, Haljem, Holdhus, Holmefjord, Strandvik, Sundvor, Syfteland, Søre Øyane, Søvik, and Vinnes.

The 517.4-square-kilometre (199.8 sq mi) municipality is the 204th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Bjørnafjorden Municipality is the 46th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 26,342. The municipality's population density is 50.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (132/sq mi) and its population has increased by 15.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Wrightstown, Wisconsin
Wrightstown is a village located on former Menominee territory in Brown and Outagamie counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 3,179 at the 2020 census. The village is surrounded mostly by the westernmost part of the Town of Wrightstown in Brown County. On February 28, 2002, the village annexed a portion of land within the adjacent Town of Kaukauna in Outagamie County.

Wrightstown is part of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Brown County, Wisconsin
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 268,740, making it the fourth-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Green Bay. Brown County is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area.
Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great
The Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great was an imperial cult in ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period (323–31 BC), promoted by the Ptolemaic dynasty. The core of the cult was the worship of the deified conqueror-king Alexander the Great, which eventually formed the basis for the ruler cult of the Ptolemies themselves. The head priest of the imperial cult was the chief priest in the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

Imperial cult
An imperial cult is a form of state religion in which an emperor or a dynasty of emperors (or rulers of another title) are worshipped as demigods or deities. "Cult" here is used to mean "worship", not in the modern pejorative sense. The cult may be one of personality in the case of a newly arisen Euhemerus figure, or one of national identity (e.g., Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh or Empire of Japan) or supranational identity in the case of a multinational state (e.g., Imperial China, Roman Empire). A divine king is a monarch who is held in a special religious significance by his subjects, and serves as both head of state and a deity or head religious figure. This system of government combines theocracy with an absolute monarchy.
Jack Nelson (journalist)
John Howard Nelson (October 11, 1929 – October 21, 2009) was an American journalist. He was praised for his coverage of the Watergate scandal, in particular, and he was described by New York Times editor Gene Roberts as "one of the most effective reporters in the civil rights era."
He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1960.

Gene Roberts (journalist)
Eugene Leslie Roberts Jr. (born June 15, 1932) is an American journalist and professor of journalism. He has been a national editor of The New York Times, executive editor of The Philadelphia Inquirer from 1972 to 1990, and managing editor of The New York Times from 1994 to 1997. Roberts is most known for presiding over The Inquirer's "Golden Age", a time in which the newspaper was given increased freedom and resources, won 17 Pulitzer Prizes in 18 years, displaced The Philadelphia Bulletin as the city's "paper of record", and was considered to be Knight Ridder's crown jewel as a profitable enterprise and an influential regional paper. As an author, Roberts received the Pulitzer Prize for history.
Black Friday (1921)
Black Friday, in British labour history, refers to 15 April 1921, when the leaders of transport and rail unions announced a decision not to call for strike action in support of the miners. The epithet 'black' derives from a widespread feeling amongst labour radicals that the decision amounted to a breach of solidarity and a betrayal of the miners.

Black Friday caused the 1921 United Kingdom census, which had been planned for 24 April, to be pushed back to June.

1921 United Kingdom census
The United Kingdom Census 1921 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that was carried out on 19 June 1921. It was scheduled for 24 April but postponed for two months due to industrial unrest and no census was taken in Ireland due to the Irish War of Independence. It was the first census in the UK to ask about place of work and industry, and whether a marriage had been dissolved by divorce.
Central Bank of Madagascar
The Central Bank of Madagascar (Malagasy: Banky Foiben'i Madagasikara, BFM) is the central bank of Madagascar.

The bank's mission is to, in collaboration with the general government, and in observation of the laws of finance, to maintain the general political economy of Madagascar; and to maintain the national monetary reserves. The offices of the bank are located in Antananarivo.

The Central Bank of Madagascar is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.

Banque de Madagascar
The Banque de Madagascar, from 1946 the Banque de Madagascar et des Comores, was a bank established by the French government in 1925 to issue currency and provide credit in French Madagascar. As such, it fulfilled many of the functions of a central bank for the colony.
Porellaceae
Porellaceae is a family of liverworts in the order Porellales.  It which originally created with just two genera, Ascidiota, and Porella.

It had up to 8 genera;

Figures in brackets denote how many species per genus.

Bellincinia, Opeca, Pandulfia and Suaresia have yet to be confirmed as true genera.

World Flora Online only accepts genera; Ascidiota, Porella and Schulthesia Raddi. But Schulthesia is classed as unchecked.

Ascidiota
Ascidiota is a genus of liverworts belonging to the family Porellaceae. The genus is monotypic, with Ascidiota blepharophylla being the only representative species.

Ascidiota is found in Eastern Russia and Alaska.
Silvermine, Connecticut
Silvermine is an unincorporated community in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States that extends  along the Silvermine River, across three southwestern Connecticut towns: Norwalk, New Canaan and Wilton.

The name "Silvermine" comes from old legends of a silver mine in the area, although no silver has ever been found.  Silvermine, the nearest (50 miles) to New York City of the larger art colonies, remains the home of the Silvermine Guild Arts Center. The Silvermine Tavern, an inn occupying several historic buildings, also remains in the neighborhood. Silver Hill Hospital is just beyond the northern end of the neighborhood, in New Canaan near the Wilton border. There are two Silvermine community groups: The Silvermine Community Association and the Norwalk Association of Silvermine Homeowners.

Hamilton Hamilton
Hamilton Hamilton (1 April 1847 – 4 January 1928) was a painter and etcher, known mostly for his landscapes of the American West.  Born in Oxford, England, he lived most of his life in the Eastern United States. He painted landscapes in New York, Connecticut, the American West, England, and France. He also painted portraits and drew illustrations.
Eimhjellevatnet
Eimhjellevatnet or Storfjorden is a lake in Hyen area of Gloppen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 11.39-square-kilometre (4.40 sq mi) lake is located in the western part of the municipality near the border with Kinn Municipality. The villages of Eimhjellen and Solheim can be found along its shore and the village of Straume lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the north. The lake lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of the municipal center of Sandane. It is the second largest lake in all of Gloppen Municipality (after Breimsvatnet) and it has a good population of trout for fishing.

Eimhjellen
Eimhjellen is a village in Gloppen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the Hyen area about 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of Straume. The village lies on the eastern shore of the large lake Eimhjellevatnet. The villages of Hjorteset and Solheim lie about 4 to 5 kilometres (2.5 to 3.1 mi) to the west (across the lake).

Eimhjellen has a population of around 40 people living on 12 farms. It is an active agricultural environment with cows, sheep, and pigs. There are forests that surround the village and there is a sawmill, planing mill, and carpentry workshop. Many of the residents work outside of the village in addition to working on their farms. People of all ages live in Eimhjellen, from young children to those over 80 years old. The annual rainfall is 2,760 millimetres (109 in).
Domenico Beccafumi
Domenico di Pace Beccafumi (1486 – May 18, 1551) was an Italian Renaissance-Mannerist painter active predominantly in Siena. He is considered one of the last undiluted representatives of the Sienese school of painting.

Philbrook Museum of Art
Philbrook Museum of Art is an art museum with expansive formal gardens located in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The museum, which opened in 1939, is located in a former 1920s villa, "Villa Philbrook", the home of Oklahoma oil pioneer Waite Phillips and his wife Genevieve. Showcasing nine collections of art from all over the world, and spanning various artistic media and styles, the cornerstone collection focuses on Native American art featuring basketry, pottery, paintings and jewelry.
Battle of Montebello (1800)
The Battle of Montebello (9 June 1800) was fought near Montebello in Lombardy between a French force under General of Division (GD) Jean Lannes and an Austrian force led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant (FML) Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz. The action occurred in the Marengo campaign during the War of the Second Coalition. During the lead-up to the Battle of Marengo, the vanguard of the French army in Italy engaged and defeated an Austrian force in a "glorious victory".

Montebello della Battaglia
Montebello della Battaglia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 km south of Milan and about 20 km south of Pavia.

Montebello della Battaglia borders the following municipalities: Borgo Priolo, Casteggio, Codevilla, Lungavilla, Torrazza Coste, Verretto, Voghera.

It is famous for two battles: in that of 1800 the French army under Jean Lannes defeated an Austrian army; that of 1859, part of the Austro-Sardinian War (or Second Italian War of Independence) was a victory of the armies of France and Savoy, again over the Austrians (the attribute "della Battaglia",  meaning "of the Battle", refers to the latter).
Highland High School (Arizona)
Highland High School (HHS) is a public high school located in Gilbert, Arizona, United States. It was built in 1992 and is part of the Gilbert Public Schools district. It accommodates grades 9–12, and in 2010, the school had a student body of 2,957.

In athletics, the school is known collectively as the Highland Hawks. Highland is a member of the Arizona Interscholastic Association's 6A Conference and competes in Division I in all AIA sports.

For the 2023-24 school year Highland High School received an "A" school grade from the Arizona Department of Education.

Highland High is also an A+ School of Excellence as designated by the Arizona Education Foundation for the school years of 2020-2024.

Gilbert, Arizona
Gilbert is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Located southeast of Phoenix, Gilbert had a population of 293,630 as of 2023. It is the fourth-most populous municipality in Arizona and is considered a suburb of Phoenix. Gilbert is the most populous incorporated town in the United States and has been described as the “largest town in America.”

Incorporated on July 6, 1920, Gilbert was once known as the "Hay Shipping Capital of the World".