hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Podenzana
Podenzana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Massa and Carrara in the Italian region of Tuscany, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Massa. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,947 and an area of 17.3 square kilometres (6.7 sq mi).

Podenzana borders the following municipalities: Aulla, Bolano, Calice al Cornoviglio, Follo, Licciana Nardi, Tresana.

Tresana
Tresana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Massa and Carrara in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Massa.

Tresana borders the following municipalities: Bolano, Calice al Cornoviglio, Licciana Nardi, Mulazzo, Podenzana, and Villafranca in Lunigiana.

Sights include the remains of the Malaspina Castle at Giovagallo.
Metal (API)
Metal is a low-level, low-overhead hardware-accelerated 3D graphic and compute shader API created by Apple, debuting in iOS 8. Metal combines functions similar to OpenGL and OpenCL in one API. It is intended to improve performance by offering low-level access to the GPU hardware for apps on iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, watchOS and visionOS. It is similar to low-level APIs on other platforms such as Vulkan and DirectX 12.

Metal is an object-oriented API that can be invoked using the Swift, Objective-C or C++17 programming languages.  Full-blown GPU execution is controlled via the Metal Shading Language. According to Apple promotional materials: "MSL [Metal Shading Language] is a single, unified language that allows tighter integration between the graphics and compute programs. Since MSL is C++-based, you will find it familiar and easy to use."

MacOS High Sierra
macOS High Sierra (version 10.13) is the fourteenth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. macOS High Sierra was announced at the WWDC 2017 on June 5, 2017 and was released on September 25, 2017. The name "High Sierra" refers to the High Sierra region in California. Its name signified its goal to be a refinement of the previous macOS version, macOS Sierra, focused on performance improvements and technical updates rather than features. This makes it similar to previous macOS releases Snow Leopard, Mountain Lion and El Capitan. Among the apps with notable changes are Photos and Safari.

macOS High Sierra is the final version of macOS to support the Unibody iMac and the Polycarbonate Unibody MacBook, as its successor, macOS Mojave, drops support for the late 2009 and final models.

macOS High Sierra is the first to run on a Mac with T2 Security chip.
Chesterton Academy of the Holy Family
Chesterton Academy of The Holy Family is a Catholic high school located in Lisle, Illinois. The school is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Joliet in Illinois.

A cardiologist named Sean Tierney co-founded the school in Downers Grove, Illinois, along with local business owner, Brenie Bowles. The school, which uses the curriculum of the Chesterton Academy in Minnesota, opened on August 24, 2015. The curriculum intentionally does not emphasize technology in the classroom, believing that students perform better with traditional learning materials. As of 2018 The school has many athletic teams, which compete in the IHSA,  including girls' volleyball, boys' and girls' soccer and boys' and girls' basketball. In 2018–2019, their men's rugby team had their debut season.

Diocese of Joliet
The Diocese of Joliet in Illinois (Latin: Diœcesis Joliettensis in Illinois) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in Illinois in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Chicago. It was created in 1948, branching from the Archdiocese of Chicago. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of St. Raymond Nonnatus in Joliet. The diocese is currently a vacant see (sede vacante), since the previous bishop, Ronald Hicks, who led the diocese from 2020 to 2026 after serving as auxiliary bishop and vicar general of the Chicago archdiocese from 2018 to 2020, was named Archbishop of New York by Pope Leo XIV, succeeding the retiring Cardinal Timothy Dolan.
Fohoren
Fohoren is a village and suco in the subdistrict of Fohorem, Cova Lima District, Timor-Leste.
According to the 2004 census, the suco of Fohoren has a population of 1,468 people. Its current chief  is Agusto Cardoso (as of 2009).

Fohorem Administrative Post
Fohorem (Fuorém), officially Fohorem Administrative Post (Portuguese: Posto Administrativo de Fohorem, Tetum: Postu administrativu Fohorén), is an administrative post (and was formerly a subdistrict) in Cova Lima municipality, Timor-Leste. Its seat or administrative centre is Fohoren.
Surrey Downs, South Australia
Surrey Downs is a northeastern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Tea Tree Gully local government area, and is adjacent to Wynn Vale, Golden Grove, Fairview Park and Redwood Park.

Golden Grove, South Australia
Golden Grove is an outer north-eastern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, within the City of Tea Tree Gully.

Developed in the 1980s as a public-private joint venture, it's noted for its hilly topography, extensive vegetation, and proximity to the Adelaide Hills.

Golden Grove has an irregular shape and shares borders with Wynn Vale, Surrey Downs, Greenwith, Yatala Vale, Fairview Park, and Salisbury East. Some of these adjacent suburbs were also developed along with Golden Grove beginning in the 1980s.
Jack Swigert
John Leonard Swigert Jr. (August 30, 1931 – December 27, 1982) was an American NASA astronaut, test pilot, mechanical engineer, aerospace engineer, United States Air Force pilot, and politician. In April 1970, as command module pilot of Apollo 13, he became one of 24 astronauts who flew to the Moon. Due to the "slingshot" route around the Moon they chose to safely return to Earth, the Apollo 13 astronauts flew farther away from Earth than any other astronauts before or since, though they had to abort the Moon landing.

Before joining NASA in 1966, Swigert was a civilian test pilot and fighter pilot in the Air National Guard. After leaving NASA, he ran to represent Colorado in the U.S. Senate but lost in a primary election against Bill Armstrong. He subsequently was elected to represent Colorado's 6th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, but died of cancer before being sworn into office.

Space Foundation
The Space Foundation is an American nonprofit organization, the mission of which is to advocate for all sectors of the global space industry through space awareness activities, educational programs, and major industry events. It was founded in 1983.
Mazda
Mazda Motor Corporation (マツダ株式会社, Matsuda Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima, Japan. The company was founded on January 30, 1920, as Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd., a cork-making factory, by Jujiro Matsuda. The company then acquired Abemaki Tree Cork Company. It changed its name to Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1927 and started producing vehicles in 1931.

Mazda is known for its innovative technologies, such as the Wankel engine, the SkyActiv platform, and the Kodo Design language. It also has a long history of motorsport involvement, winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1991 with the rotary-powered Mazda 787B. In the past and present, Mazda has been engaged in alliances with other automakers. From 1974 until the late 2000s, Ford was a major shareholder of Mazda. Other partnerships include Toyota, Nissan, Isuzu, Suzuki and Kia. In 2023, it produced 1.1 million vehicles globally.

Mazda Premacy
The Mazda Premacy (Japanese: マツダ・プレマシー, Hepburn: Matsuda Puremashī) is a passenger minivan that was built by the Japanese manufacturer Mazda from 1999 to 2018.

The first generation Premacy was built in Japan and exported to Europe and Asia. A rebadged version was sold by Ford in a few Asian markets (including Japan) as the Ford Ixion or Ixion MAV.

The second generation onward was sold outside Japan as the Mazda5. Ford Lio Ho in Taiwan, which assembles Mazda5 for the local market, adapted a re-badged version as the Ford i-Max from 2007 until 2011.

The first generation Premacy was a two- or three-row, five- or seven-passenger vehicle, while the second generation adds a third row of seats for up to six passengers in North American form, and seven passengers outside the United States. Both generations feature near-flat floors, folding or removable second row, and fold-flat rear seats.
Sugawara no Michizane
Sugawara no Michizane (菅原 道真; Japanese pronunciation: [sɯ.ɡa.wa.ɾa no (|) mʲi.tɕiꜜ.(d)za.ne, sɯ.ŋa-], August 1, 845 – March 26, 903), or Kankō (菅公; [kaꜜŋ.koː], lit. 'Lord Sugawara'), was a scholar, poet, and politician of the Heian period of Japan. He is regarded as an excellent poet, particularly in waka and kanshi poetry, and is today revered in Shinto as the god of learning, Tenman-Tenjin (天満天神; often shortened to Tenjin). In the famed poem anthology Hyakunin Isshu, he is known as Kanke (菅家), and in kabuki drama he is known as Kan Shōjō (菅丞相). Along with Taira no Masakado and Emperor Sutoku, he is often called one of the “Three Great Onryō of Japan.”.

Maeda clan
The Maeda clan (前田氏, Maeda-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan who occupied most of the Hokuriku region of central Honshū from the end of the Sengoku period through the Meiji Restoration of 1868. The Maeda claimed descent from the Sugawara clan through Sugawara no Kiyotomo and Sugawara no Michizane in the eighth and ninth centuries; however, the line of descent is uncertain. The Maeda rose to prominence as daimyō of Kaga Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate, which was second only to the Tokugawa clan in kokudaka (land value).
Francis Quirk
Francis Joseph Quirk (June 3, 1907 – February 5, 1974) was an American artist, educator, museum curator, and TV personality. He is best known for his paintings of Edgar Lee Masters and Carl Sandburg, as well as his affiliation with Lehigh University as a professor and curator.

The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation
The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation was founded in 1918 by Louis Comfort Tiffany to operate his estate, Laurelton Hall, in Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. It was designed to be a summer retreat for artists and craftspeople.   In 1946 the estate closed and the foundation changed its purpose from a retreat to the bestowing of grants to artists.

The first director of the foundation was Sarah Eileen Hanley.

In closing down her father's residence after his death, George Frederick Kunz' daughter, Ruby Zinsser, donated two paintings by Louis C. Tiffany to the Tiffany Foundation. "In 1935, the family of George F. Kunz donated two Tiffany paintings to the picture gallery." In this, she was following her father's inclination, since he had previously donated a Syrian bracelet and mineral collection to the Foundation in 1928.
Order of Chula Chom Klao
The Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao (Thai: เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์จุลจอมเกล้า; RTGS: Khrueang Ratcha-itsariyaphon Chunla Chom Klao) is a Thai order established on 16 November 1873 by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) to commemorate the 90th jubilee of the Chakri dynasty. The order bears his name, Chula Chom Klao, and its ribbon is pink, symbolising the birthday colour of Tuesday, the day of Chulalongkorn's birth.

Thai honorifics
Honorifics are a class of words or grammatical morphemes that encode a wide variety of social relationships between interlocutors or between interlocutors and referents. Honorific phenomena in Thai include honorific registers, honorific pronominals, and honorific particles.
Craig-y-Nos Castle
Craig-y-nos Castle (meaning:Rock of the Night), is a Scots baronial-style country house near Glyntawe in Powys, Wales. Built on parkland beside the River Tawe in the upper Swansea Valley, it is located on the southeastern edge of the Black Mountain. The castle, formerly owned by opera singer Adelina Patti, is now a hotel. Its landscaped grounds are now a country park, managed by the Brecon Beacons National Park Authority. They are listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales. The castle is a Grade II* listed building and its theatre has a separate Grade I listing.

Swansea Valley
The Swansea Valley (Welsh: Cwm Tawe; lit. 'Tawe Valley') is one of the South Wales Valleys. It is the valley from the Brecon Beacons National Park to the sea at Swansea of the River Tawe in Wales. Administration of the area is divided between the City and County of Swansea, Neath Port Talbot County Borough, and Powys. A distinction may be drawn between the Lower Swansea Valley and the Upper Swansea Valley; the former was more heavily industrialised during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Spirit River Formation
The Spirit River Formation is a stratigraphic unit of middle Albian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from the Spirit River, and was first described in Imperial Oil Spirit River No. 1 well by Badgley in 1952.

Mannville Group
The Mannville Group is a stratigraphic unit of Cretaceous age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from the town of Mannville, Alberta, and was first described in the Northwest Mannville 1 well by A.W. Nauss in 1945.
Cabarroguis
Cabarroguis, officially the Municipality of Cabarroguis (Ilocano: Ili ti Cabarroguis; Tagalog: Bayan ng Cabarroguis), is a municipality and capital of the province of Quirino, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 34,720 people.

Diffun
Diffun, officially the Municipality of Diffun (Ilocano: Ili ti Diffun; Tagalog: Bayan ng Diffun), is a municipality in the province of Quirino, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 58,254 people, making it the most populous town in the province.

Commercial establishments proliferated along the provincial road due to its proximity to Santiago City as the main commercial hub of the region.
376th Air Expeditionary Wing
The 376th Air Expeditionary Wing (376 AEW) is an inactive wing of the United States Air Force. It was last stationed at the Transit Center at Manas International Airport, Kyrgyz Republic, supporting U.S. and ISAF operations in Afghanistan.

During the Vietnam War, the 376th Strategic Wing was a Strategic Air Command unit activated to perpetuate the lineage of inactive World War II bombardment units with illustrious records. It performed strategic bombing and air refueling missions over Southeast Asia with deployed elements from wings in the United States. From 1973 until the end of the Cold War it performed air refueling of Pacific Air Forces tactical and Military Airlift Command transport aircraft in the Theater as well as performing strategic reconnaissance operations.  It was inactivated as part of the drawdown of USAF strategic forces in 1991.

Kadena Air Base
Kadena Air Base (嘉手納飛行場, Kadena Hikōjō) (IATA: DNA, ICAO: RODN) is a United States Air Force base in the towns of Kadena and Chatan and the city of Okinawa, in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It is often referred to as the "Keystone of the Pacific" because of its highly strategic location. It is located 650 km (400 mi) off the coast of China and at a distance of 770 km (480 mi) from Shanghai, a major Chinese economic hub. It is home to the USAF's 18th Wing, the 353rd Special Operations Wing, reconnaissance units, 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment, and a variety of associated units. Over 20,000 American servicemembers, family members, and Japanese employees live or work at Kadena Air Base. It is the largest and most active U.S. Air Force base in East Asia.
Metalloexopeptidase
A metalloexopeptidase is a type of enzyme that acts as a metalloproteinase exopeptidase. 
These enzymes have a catalytic mechanism involving a metal, often zinc. They function in molecular biology as agents that cut the terminal (or penultimate) peptide bonds ending peptide chains. Analogous to slicing the end off a loaf of bread, the process releases a single amino acid (or dipeptide) for use.

Metalloproteinase
A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal.  An example is ADAM12 which plays a significant role in the fusion of muscle cells during embryo development, in a process known as myogenesis.

Most metalloproteases require zinc, but some use cobalt. The metal ion is coordinated to the protein via three ligands. The ligands coordinating the metal ion can vary with histidine, glutamate, aspartate, lysine, and arginine. The fourth coordination position is taken up by a labile water molecule.

Treatment with chelating agents such as EDTA leads to complete inactivation. EDTA is a metal chelator that removes zinc, which is essential for activity. They are also inhibited by the chelator orthophenanthroline.
Manning, South Carolina
Manning is a city in and the county seat of Clarendon County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Manning had a population of 3,878. It was named after former South Carolina governor John Laurence Manning.

U.S. Route 301 in South Carolina
U.S. Route 301 (US 301) is a 189.704-mile (305.299 km) U.S. Highway that travels north–south from the Savannah River southwest of Allendale to Hamer approaching the South of the Border roadside attraction complex.
Nahid Kulenović
Nahid Kulenović (5 July 1929 – 30 June 1969) was an emigree Croatian newspaper columnist, editor (Hrvatska sloboda, Hrvatska straža) and activist, president of the German branch of Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP). He was the son of Džafer Kulenović, a highly ranked official of the Independent State of Croatia, and was married to Marijana, daughter of a Croatian activist, Berislav Đuro Deželić.

Kulenović was assassinated, reportedly by the Yugoslav Secret Police (UDBA), in his Munich apartment in June 1969.

Džafer Kulenović
Džafer Kulenović (17 February 1891 – 3 October 1956), often referred to as Džafer-beg Kulenović, was a Croatian Muslim and Yugoslav politician who led the Yugoslav Muslim Organization in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and was briefly Minister of Forestry and Mining in the pre-war Yugoslav governments of Dragiša Cvetković and Dušan Simović. During World War II, he served as the Vice President of the Axis puppet state the Independent State of Croatia.
Upper Elementary School (Goffstown, New Hampshire)
The Upper Elementary School, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Goffstown High School, is a historic school building located at 12 Reed Street in the center of Goffstown, New Hampshire. The building was constructed in 1925 and served as the town's first purpose-built high school until the opening of the present high school on Wallace Road in 1965.  The building, renamed "Upper Elementary School", then served the town's intermediate-grade students until the opening of Mountain View Middle School.  The building has since been converted into senior housing and is now known as The Meetinghouse at Goffstown.  It was listed on the National Register in 1997.

Goffstown High School
Goffstown High School, located in Goffstown, New Hampshire, United States, serves the towns of Goffstown and New Boston. Goffstown High School had 1,106 students enrolled as of July 1, 2018. The student body consists of 48% male and 52% female students.
Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae
The Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae (English: "Corpus of Byzantine History Sources") or CFHB is an international project that aims to collect, edit, and provide textual criticism on historical sources from the time of the Byzantine Empire (4th–15th centuries AD). Its purpose is to make the works of Byzantine authors, especially those that had previously been unedited, available to modern research in an updated form. The project was launched at the 13th International Congress of Byzantine Studies in Oxford in 1966, and is under the auspices of the International Association of Byzantine Studies (AIEB) and its national branches.

International Association of Byzantine Studies
International Association of Byzantine Studies (French: Association Internationale des Études Byzantines, AIEB) was launched in 1948. It is an international co-ordinating body that links national Byzantine studies member groups.
Orlim
Orlim is a village situated in Goa, India. It is part of the Salcete taluka sub-district and is surrounded by the villages of Varca and Carmona. It is located about 10 km from the town of Margao and about 45 km from the capital city of Panjim.

It was a village of Chardos. Those belonging to the village were the first ones in Salcete, among their caste, to be converted. It consisted of five Vangors (Clans) of the Chard class. There were old Gaunkars with the surname Naik.

Salcete taluka
Salcete (Konkani: Saxtti/Xaxtti) a subdivision of the district of South Goa, in the state of Goa, situated by the west coast of India. The Sal River and its backwaters dominate the landscape of Salcete. Historically, the sixty-six settlements south of the Zuari River formed the original Salcette territory. Salcete forms a part of the bigger Konkan region that stretches along the western shoreline of peninsular India.

In erstwhile Portuguese Goa, the Salcette concelho (county), located in the Velhas Conquistas (Old Conquests), was co-terminous with the undivided Salcette territory (Mormugao and Salcete talukas). In 1917, the concelho  was bifurcated into the present-day talukas of Mormugao and Salcete. The contemporary Salcete taluka has been classified as a rurban area. Margao serves as the administrative headquarters of both Salcete taluka and the South Goa district.
Air Transport Command
Air Transport Command (ATC) was a United States Air Force unit that was created during World War II as the strategic airlift component of the United States Army Air Forces.

It had two main missions, the first being the delivery of supplies and equipment between the United States and the overseas combat theaters;  the second was the ferrying of aircraft from the manufacturing plants in the United States to where they were needed for training or for operational use in combat. ATC also operated a worldwide air transportation system for military personnel.

Inactivated on 1 June 1948, Air Transport Command was the precursor to what became the Military Air Transport Service in 1948 and was redesignated Military Airlift Command (MAC) in 1966.  It was consolidated with MAC in 1982, providing a continuous history of long range airlift through 1992 when the mission was transferred to today's Air Mobility Command.

Ladd Army Airfield
Ladd Army Airfield (IATA: FBK, ICAO: PAFB, FAA LID: FBK) is the military airfield located at Fort Wainwright in Fairbanks, Alaska. It was originally called Fairbanks Air Base, but was renamed Ladd Field on 1 December 1939, in honor of Major Arthur K. Ladd, a pilot in the U.S. Army Air Corps who died in a plane crash near Dale, South Carolina on 13 December 1935.
Leicester, North Carolina
Leicester (/ˈlɛstər/ ⓘ LEST-ər) is an unincorporated community in Buncombe County, North Carolina United States; although incorporating was proposed in 2007 and an incorporation bill was briefly filed in the North Carolina General Assembly, no measure has been adopted. Leicester is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2007, Leicester's population is 12,514 people. Since 2000, it has had a population growth of 16.26 percent.

Buncombe County, North Carolina
Buncombe County (/ˈbʌŋkəm/ BUNK-um) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is classified within Western North Carolina. The 2020 census reported the population was 269,452, making it the 7th-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Asheville. Buncombe County is part of the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.