hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological method
The science of epidemiology has matured significantly from the times of Hippocrates, Semmelweis and John Snow. The techniques for gathering and analyzing epidemiological data vary depending on the type of disease being monitored but each study will have overarching similarities.

Molecular pathological epidemiology
Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE, also molecular pathologic epidemiology) is a discipline combining epidemiology and pathology. It is defined as "epidemiology of molecular pathology and heterogeneity of disease". Pathology and epidemiology share the same goal of elucidating etiology of disease, and MPE aims to achieve this goal at molecular, individual and population levels. Typically, MPE utilizes tissue pathology resources and data within existing epidemiology studies. Molecular epidemiology broadly encompasses MPE and conventional-type molecular epidemiology with the use of traditional disease designation systems.
Frank Hurley
James Francis "Frank" Hurley OBE (15 October 1885 – 16 January 1962) was an Australian photographer, cinematographer of documentary films, and director of drama feature films. He participated in a number of expeditions to Antarctica and served as an official war photographer with Australian forces during both world wars. He was the official photographer for the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) led by Douglas Mawson,  the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–16 led by Ernest Shackleton, and BANZARE (1929–31), again led by Mawson.

His artistic style produced many memorable images. He also used staged scenes, composites, and photographic manipulation.

Cinesound Productions
Cinesound Productions Pty Ltd was an Australian feature film production company. Established in June 1931, Cinesound developed out of a group of companies centred on Greater Union Theatres that covered all facets of the film process, from production to distribution and exhibition.
Cinesound Productions established a film studio as a subsidiary of Greater Union Theatres Pty Ltd based on the Hollywood model. The first production was On Our Selection (1932), which was an enormous financial success.
Dırnıs
Dırnıs (also, Dyrnys, Dernis) is a village and municipality in the Ordubad District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located in the near of the Ordubad-Unus highway, 29 km in the north-east from the district center, on the bank of the Venend River. Its population is busy with gardening, vegetable-growing and farming. There is a secondary school, club, library, culture house, medical center and the mosque of the Middle Ages in the village. It has a population of 1,470. In the territory of the village, in the cemetery were medieval a stone ram statues on the graves.

St. Hovhannes Church (Dyrnys)
St. Hovhannes Church was an Armenian church located on a hill in the center of the former village of Berdak, near the current Dyrnys village (Ordubad district) of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.
The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends
The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends is a British animated anthology television series based on the works of Beatrix Potter, featuring Peter Rabbit and other anthropomorphic animal characters created by Potter. Fourteen of Potter's stories were adapted into nine films, and the series was originally shown in the U.K. on BBC between 20 December 1992 and 25 December 1998. It was subsequently broadcast in the U.S. on Family Channel between 13 May 1992 and 26 June 1995. For the initial VHS releases, some of the characters' voices were dubbed-over by actors with more American-like accents.

The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse
The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. In December 1918.  The tale is based on the Aesop fable, "The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse", with details taken from Horace's Satires 2.6.79-117. It tells of a country mouse and a city mouse who visit each other in their respective homes. After sampling the other's way of life, both express a decided preference for their own. The book was adapted to a BBC television animated series.
Camorino
Camorino is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.

Preonzo
Preonzo is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017, the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.
Prussia (region)
Prussia is a historical region in Central Europe on the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea that ranges from the Vistula delta in the west to the end of the Curonian Spit in the east and extends inland as far as Masuria, divided between Poland (Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship), Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (Lithuania Minor). This region is often also referred to as Old Prussia.

Tacitus's Germania (98 AD) is the oldest known record of an eyewitness account on the territory and its inhabitants. Suiones, Sitones, Goths and other Germanic people had temporarily settled to the east and west of the Vistula River during the Migration Period, adjacent to the Aesti, who lived further to the east.

Malbork Voivodeship
The Malbork Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo malborskie), after Partitions of Poland also referred to as the Malbork Land (Polish: Ziemia malborska), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from 1454/1466 until the Partitions of Poland in 1772–1795. Its capital was at Malbork.

Together with the Pomeranian and Chełmno Voivodeships and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia it formed the historical province of Royal Prussia, and with several more voivodeships it formed part of the Greater Poland Province.
Clanton Park, Toronto
Clanton Park (sometimes referred to as Dublin Heights or Wilson Heights) is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located in the district of North York, it is part of federal and provincial electoral district York Centre, and Toronto electoral wards 9: York Centre (West) and 10: York Centre (East).  In 2016, it had a population of 16,472, a 12.7% rise from 2011.

It is bordered on the north by Sheppard Avenue West, on the west by the Downsview Airport whose border includes Wilson Heights Boulevard (north part) and Dufferin Street (south part), on the east by Bathurst Street, and on the south by Highway 401.

Clanton Park is sandwiched between Downsview Park, formerly CFB Downsview, and Earl Bales Park, named after a former reeve of North York. It also contains several smaller parks.

York Centre (federal electoral district)
York Centre (French: York-Centre) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1917 and since 1953. It is currently represented by Conservative MP Roman Baber.

The electoral district was previously considered one of the safest Liberal Party seats in Canada, represented by prominent Liberal MPs with national significance such as Toronto's longest serving mayor Art Eggleton and the hockey legend Ken Dryden. However, this changed as the Conservative Party gained ground in the 2000s. The Conservative Party captured it in 2011 and were competitive in the three subsequent elections. It regained the seat in the 2025 election.
Parent, Quebec
Parent is a community in northern Quebec, Canada, located within the city of La Tuque and about 150 kilometres (93 mi) north-west of La Tuque's town centre. In 2021, it had a population of 455.

During the summer, it becomes the supply point for several dozen outfitters, and in the winter it is a major centre for the snowmobile industry. The Arbec sawmill, with 150 workers, is the main employer of the region. The Bazin River that flows through town is popular for 5- to 7-day canoe trips that end at the Gatineau River.

Bazin River
The Bazin River is a river in Quebec, Canada, that flows from the La Tuque area of the La Tuque administrative authority of Mauricie to the Gatineau River in the unorganized territory of Lac-Oscar, in the regional county municipality of Antoine-Labelle, in Laurentides.
Duke of Aiguillon
Duke of Aiguillon (French: duc d'Aiguillon) was a title of French nobility in the peerage of France, first created in 1599 by Henry IV of France for Henry of Lorraine, son of Charles, Duke of Mayenne. The title takes its name from the town of Aiguillon.

Aiguillon, Lot-et-Garonne
Aiguillon (French pronunciation: [ɛɡɥijɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Gulhon) is a commune of the Lot-et-Garonne department in southwestern France. It lies near the confluence of the rivers Lot and Garonne. Aiguillon station has rail connections to Agen, Langon and Bordeaux.

The organist and composer Marc de Ranse (1881–1951) was born in Aiguillon.
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1 adrenoceptor), also known as ADRB1, can refer to either the protein-encoding gene (gene ADRB1) or one of the four adrenergic receptors. It is a G-protein coupled receptor associated with the Gs heterotrimeric G-protein that is expressed predominantly in cardiac tissue. In addition to cardiac tissue, beta-1 adrenergic receptors are also expressed in the cerebral cortex.

Protein kinase A
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinases whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism. It should not be confused with 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMP-activated protein kinase).
Neobidessodes flavosignatus
Neobidessodes flavosignatus is a carnivorous subterranean water beetle, in the Bidessini tribe of the Dytiscidae family. It was first described in 1922 by Albrecht Zimmermann as Bidessus flavosignatus. It was assigned to the genus Bidessodes by Watts in  1978, and to the new genus of Neobidessodes in 2009 by Hendrich and others.

It is found in the Northern Territory and Queensland.

Neobidessodes
Neobidessodes is a genus of predaceous diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. There are about 10 described species in Neobidessodes.  They are found in Australasia. The genus was first described in 2009, and the type species is N. denticulatus.
WNNE
WNNE (channel 31), branded The Valley CW, is a television station licensed to Montpelier, Vermont, United States, serving the Burlington, Vermont–Plattsburgh, New York market as an affiliate of The CW Plus. It is owned by Hearst Television alongside Plattsburgh-licensed NBC affiliate WPTZ (channel 5). WNNE and WPTZ share studios on Community Drive in South Burlington, Vermont, with a secondary studio and news bureau on Cornelia Street in Plattsburgh; through a channel sharing agreement, the two stations transmit using WPTZ's spectrum from an antenna on Vermont's highest peak, Mount Mansfield.

Hearst Television
Hearst Television, Inc. (formerly Hearst-Argyle Television) is a broadcasting company in the United States owned by Hearst Communications, made up of a group of television and radio stations, and the Hearst Media Production Group, a distributor of programming in broadcast syndication.
Tower Hamlets First
Tower Hamlets First was a local political party represented in Tower Hamlets London Borough Council, which was launched to contest the 2014 local elections in the Borough. During its existence, it was the second largest party on Tower Hamlets Council and the fifth largest political party out of all the London borough councils.

Mayor of Tower Hamlets
The mayor of Tower Hamlets is the directly elected mayor of Tower Hamlets London Borough Council in east London, England. The first election for this position occurred on 21 October 2010, taking on the executive function of the borough council. The position is different from the previous largely ceremonial, annually appointed mayors of Tower Hamlets, who became known as the 'Chair of Council' after the first election and are now known as the 'Speaker of Council'. The second election was held on 22 May 2014, the same day as the Tower Hamlets Council election, other United Kingdom local elections, and European Parliament elections, but the election result was declared void by the election court. A by-election was held on 11 June 2015.
Listed buildings in Saddleworth
Saddleworth is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.  It lies between the town of Oldham and the Pennine hills, and it is largely rural, with agricultural land and moorland.  It also includes suburban areas to the east of Oldham.  The principal settlements are Austerlands, Delph, Denshaw, Diggle, Dobcross, Grasscroft, Greenfield, Grotton, Lydgate, Springhead, and Uppermill.  The parish contains 385 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, five are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.

The list has been divided into two sections according to the dates of earliest construction as follows:

Listed buildings in Saddleworth to 1800

Listed buildings in Saddleworth from 1800

Austerlands
Austerlands is a suburban area of Saddleworth, a civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It occupies a hillside amongst the Pennines, between the villages of Lees and Scouthead. It is traversed by the A62 road.

Historically, Austerlands has been positioned on the West Riding of Yorkshire side of the ancient county boundary with Lancashire.  The chimney of the former Austerlands Mill is a local landmark.

Austerlands is contiguous with Waterhead area of Oldham, the village of Lees and Scouthead and Springhead areas of Saddleworth. For purposes of the Office for National Statistics, Austerlands forms the eastern fringe of the Greater Manchester Urban Area.
Diplarrena
Diplarrena is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae. The two species are endemic to Australia. The name is from Greek diploos ("double") and arren ("male"); plants in the genus have only two functional stamens, while all other Iridaceae have three. The name is often misspelled Diplarrhena, an error that began with George Bentham's Flora Australiensis in 1873.

These plants are tufted perennial herbs with short rhizomes. The leaves are basal, linear, flat, and present all year. The stem is erect, with a few reduced leaves. Flowers appear one at a time from a green terminal spathe. They are iris-like but distinctly zygomorphic. There are six white tepals and a style with two thread-like branches.

There are two species:

The cultivar 'Amethyst Fairy' is a large-flowered selection with darker markings on the inner tepals.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
Liberalism in Australia
In Australia, liberalism has a vast interpretation and a broad definition. It dates back to the earliest Australian pioneers and has maintained a strong foothold to the present day. Modern-day Australian liberalism is the successor to colonial liberalism, and has been compared to British liberalism for its similarity. The primary representation (and political entity) of Australian liberalism is the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia. Unlike in the United States, in Australia, the term "liberal", is often associated with conservatism.

Free Trade Party
The Free Trade Party (FTP), officially known as the Free Trade and Liberal Association and also referred to as the Revenue Tariff Party in some states, was an Australian political party. It was formally organised in 1887 in New South Wales, in time for the 1887 New South Wales colonial election, which the party won.

The party advocated the abolition of protectionism, especially protective tariffs and other restrictions on trade, arguing that this would create greater prosperity for all. However, many members also advocated use of minimal tariffs for government revenue purposes only. Its most prominent leader was George Reid, who led the Reid government as the fourth Prime Minister of Australia (1904–1905).

In New South Wales, it was succeeded by the Liberal and Reform Association in 1902, and federally by the Anti-Socialist Party in 1906. In 1909, the Anti-Socialist Party merged with the Protectionist Party to form the Liberal Party.
Tangkic languages
The Tangkic languages form a small language family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia.

The Tangkic languages are Lardil (Leerdil) and its special register Damin, Kayardild, and Yukulta (also known as Ganggalida or Nyangga). Of these Lardil is quite divergent, while Yukulta and Kayardild are mutually intelligible.

The extinct and poorly attested Minkin language may have been part of the Tangkic family.

Kayardild language
Kayardild is a moribund Tangkic language spoken by 43 of the Kaiadilt on the South Wellesley Islands, north west Queensland, Australia. Other members of the family include Yangkaal (spoken by the Yangkaal people), Lardil, and Yukulta (Ganggalidda).

Kayardild is a critically endangered language, considered near-extinct. In 1981, there were around fifty native speakers of Kayardild. The number of speakers of Kayardild significantly reduced since the 1940s as a result of the stolen generations. By 1981, there were fifty known native speakers. In the 2016 census, there were eight, and this number increased to 43 in 2021.
Everybody Wins (1990 film)
Everybody Wins is a 1990 mystery thriller film directed by Karel Reisz, starring Debra Winger and Nick Nolte. The screenplay was written by Arthur Miller, based on his one-act play Some Kind of Love Story (1984).   It is loosely inspired by an actual 1970s murder case in Canaan, Connecticut which was the subject of the television film A Death in Canaan (1978) directed by Tony Richardson.  It was also the last film to be directed by Karel Reisz before his death in 2002.

A Death in Canaan
A Death in Canaan is a 1978 American made-for-television drama film directed by Tony Richardson and starring Stefanie Powers, Paul Clemens, and Brian Dennehy. Its plot concerns the true-life story of a teenager who is put on trial for the murder of his mother in a small Connecticut town.  Nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award, 1978.  The film is based on the nonfiction book of the same name by Joan Barthel.

The film first aired on the CBS Wednesday Night Movies on March 1, 1978, and was never officially released on any analog or digital medium for rental or sale.

Arthur Miller's one-act play Some Kind of Love Story (1984) is loosely based on the same incident.  He later adapted it into a screenplay for Everybody Wins (1990) starring Debra Winger and Nick Nolte.
William of Ockham
William of Ockham or Occam OFM (/ˈɒkəm/ OK-əm; Latin: Gulielmus Occamus; c. 1287 – 9/10 April 1347) was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and theologian, who was born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of the 14th century. He is widely known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, and also produced significant works on logic, physics and theology. Ockham is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration corresponding to the commonly ascribed date of his death on 10 April.

Michael of Cesena
Michael of Cesena (Michele di Cesena or Michele Fuschi) (c. 1270 – 29 November 1342) was an Italian Franciscan, minister general of that order, and theologian. His advocacy of evangelical poverty brought him into conflict with Pope John XXII.
Vestnes Municipality
Vestnes is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Vestnes is part of the  traditional district of Romsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vestnes. Other villages in the municipality include Vikebukt, Vik, Vågstranda, Øverås, Fiksdal, Tomrefjord, and Tresfjord.

The area is known for nature and outdoor pursuits, and has a long history in ship building and maritime crafts. The village of Vestnes (Helland) dates back to early medieval times, and has 24-hour ferry and water taxi service with the town of Molde to the northeast. The ferry takes about 35-minutes each way.

The 405-square-kilometre (156 sq mi) municipality is the 238th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vestnes Municipality is the 144th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,147. The municipality's population density is 17.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (46/sq mi) and its population has increased by 8% over the previous 10-year period.

Fiksdal
Fiksdal or Fiksdalen is a village in Vestnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located on the west side of the Tomrefjorden, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northwest of the village of Tomra. Fiksdal Church is located in this village. Fiksdal is also the hometown of Norwegian international footballer Kjetil Rekdal.

The 0.31-square-kilometre (77-acre) village has a population (2024) of 225 and a population density of 726 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,880/sq mi).
VPB-206
VPB-206 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron Two Hundred Six (VP-206) on 15 November 1942, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron Two Hundred Six (VPB-206) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 4 June 1945.

Martin PBM Mariner
The Martin PBM Mariner is a twin-engine American patrol bomber flying boat of World War II and the early Cold War era. It was designed to complement the Consolidated PBY Catalina and PB2Y Coronado in service. A total of 1,366 PBMs were built, with the first example flying on 18 February 1939, and the type entering service in September 1940, with the last of the type being retired in 1964.

A Mariner, otherwise noted for its WW2 and post-War service, was the type that vanished searching for Flight 19. Flight 19 vanished in the Bermuda Triangle; it and the Mariner that searched for it were never found with its 14 crew, though it was thought to have suffered a mid-air explosion. Another noted crash was the 1946 Antarctica PBM Mariner crash in December 1946.
Yana people
The Yana are a group of Native Americans indigenous to Northern California in the central Sierra Nevada, on the western side of the range. Their lands, prior to encroachment by white settlers, bordered the Pit and Feather Rivers. They were nearly destroyed during the California genocide in the latter half of the 19th century. Descendants of the Central and Southern Yana continue to live in California as members of Redding Rancheria.

Redding Rancheria
The Redding Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe with a reservation in Shasta County, Northern California. The 31-acre  site (13 ha) of the Redding Rancheria was purchased in 1922 by the Bureau of Indian Affairs in order to provide Indigenous peoples with a place to camp and live. They had been made landless by European-American settlers in the area. Three groups of Native Americans in the area organized as a tribe and were recognized in 1979.