hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deutsche Reichsbahn service ranks
Since its beginning until the year 1991, service ranks were a permanent element of service with the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the former German national railway system, whether as a civil servant or as an employee. Every railroad employee was obliged to wear the conferred insignia while on duty and entitled to do so off duty. The service rank was conferred with a certificate. The first conferral was designated as a certification, each additional conferral as a promotion.

Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)
Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR; German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁaɪçsˌbaːn], lit. 'German Realm Railways') was the state-owned railways in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1949 and 1990, and the New States after German reunification until 1 January 1994. It was operated by the Ministry for Transport and was the largest employer in East Germany.

The DR was formed from Deutsche Reichsbahn assets in the Soviet occupation zone as a separate entity from the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) in West Germany. It was responsible for passenger and freight railway services in East Germany and certain locations in West Berlin. Both DR and DB continued as separate entities in reunified Germany until 1994, when they merged to form Deutsche Bahn.
Pakistan Carrom Federation
The Pakistan Carrom Federation (PCF) was incepted in Karachi, Pakistan by some long time Carrom lovers. The federation received an official approval of International Carrom Federation (ICF). Pakistan Carrom Federation is run by an organizing committee approved by the International Carrom Federation. The Constitution of the Federation has also been formulated on international sporting constitutional standards and approved by the International Carrom Federation.  The main federation is working for the promotion of the game of Carrom in Pakistan since its inception.

Carrom
Carrom is a tabletop game of Indian origin in which players flick discs, attempting to knock them to the corners of the board, in a similar fashion to billiards. Throughout South Asia, many clubs and cafés hold regular carrom tournaments. Carrom is commonly played by families, including children, and at social gatherings. Different standards and rules exist in different areas.
Erskine Glacier
Erskine Glacier (66°29′S 65°40′W﻿ / ﻿66.483°S 65.667°W﻿ / -66.483; -65.667) is a glacier 16 nautical miles (30 km) long on the west coast of Graham Land, flowing west into Darbel Bay to the north of Hopkins Glacier. It was first surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1946–47, and named "West Gould Glacier". With East Gould Glacier it was reported to fill a transverse depression across Graham Land, but further survey in 1957 showed no close topographical alignment between the two. The name Gould has been limited to the east glacier and an entirely new name, for Angus B. Erskine, leader of the first FIDS party to travel down the glacier and to survey it in detail, has been approved for the west glacier.

Hopkins Glacier
Hopkins Glacier is a glacier situated south of Erskine Glacier and flowing westwards into the head of Tlachene Cove in Darbel Bay on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1955–57, and mapped from these photos by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1958 for Sir Frederick Hopkins, founder of the School of Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge, who made pioneer investigations on synthetic diets and vitamins which contributed greatly to the development of present ideas on concentrated rations.
Wyn Jones (colonial administrator)
Gwilym Wyn Jones, CBE (12 July 1926 – 23 October 1993) was a British colonial administrator. He was Governor of Montserrat from 1977 to 1980.

The son of the Welsh Presbyterian minister the Rev. John Jones, Wyn Jones was born in Llanrwst and only spoke Welsh until he was nine years old. He was educated at Llanrwst Grammar School and the University College of North Wales, Bangor, where he read Welsh. He served in the Royal Navy from 1944 to 1947, then joined the Colonial Administrative Service as a cadet, spending two years at the University of London before proceeding overseas.

Jones was posted to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands in 1950, before being transferred to the British Solomon Islands. He was appointed Governor of Montserrat in 1977, and served there until 1980. He was appointed CBE in 1977.

On his retirement, Jones returned to Wales, where he held a variety of positions.

Governor of Montserrat
The governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government. The main role of the governor is to appoint the chief minister.

The governor has their own flag in Montserrat, the Union Flag defaced with the territory's coat of arms. The official residence of the governor is Government House, located in Woodlands.
Portezuelo Formation
The Portezuelo Formation is a geologic formation of Late Cretaceous (Late Turonian to Early Coniacian) age, outcropping in the Mendoza, Río Negro and Neuquén provinces of Argentina. It is the fourth-oldest formation in the Neuquén Group and the older of the two formations in the Río Neuquén Subgroup. Formerly, that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Portezuelo Formation was known as the Portezuelo Member.

Neuquén Group
The Neuquén Group is a group of geologic formations found in Argentina. Rocks in the Neuquén Group fall within the Cenomanian to early Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period. It overlies the older Lohan Cura Formation and is itself overlain by the younger Allen Formation of the Malargüe Group, separated from both by unconformities, dated to 98 and 79 Ma respectively.
Singsås
Singsås is a village in Midtre Gauldal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located in the Gauldalen valley, along the river Gaula, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of the city of Trondheim. The village of Haltdalen lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) up the valley to the east and the village of Rognes lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) down the valley to the west.

The Norwegian County Road 30 and the Rørosbanen railway line both pass through the village. Singsås Station is located in the centre part of the village while Singsås Church lies along the river, just west of the village at Fordsetmoen. There is a Coop store in Singsås.

Singsås Church
Singsås Church (Norwegian: Singsås kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Midtre Gauldal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Singsås. It is the church for the Singsås parish which is part of the Gauldal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a neo-Gothic long church style in 1884 using plans drawn up by the architect Johan Digre. The church seats about 450 people.
Choi–Williams distribution function
Choi–Williams distribution function is one of the members of Cohen's class distribution function. It was first proposed by Hyung-Ill Choi and William J. Williams in 1989. This distribution function adopts exponential kernel to suppress the cross-term. However, the kernel gain does not decrease along the  axes in the ambiguity domain. Consequently, the kernel function of Choi–Williams distribution function can only filter out the cross-terms that result from the components that differ in both time and frequency center.

Bilinear time–frequency distribution
Bilinear time–frequency distributions, or quadratic time–frequency distributions, arise in a sub-field of signal analysis and signal processing called time–frequency signal processing, and, in the statistical analysis of time series data. Such methods are used where one needs to deal with a situation where the frequency composition of a signal may be changing over time; this sub-field used to be called time–frequency signal analysis, and is now more often called time–frequency signal processing due to the progress in using these methods to a wide range of signal-processing problems.
Ralph Tester
Ralph Paterson Tester (2 June 1902 – 1 May 1998) was an administrator at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. He founded and supervised a section named the Testery for breaking Tunny (a Fish cipher).

Jerry Roberts
Captain Raymond C. "Jerry" Roberts MBE (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2014) was a British wartime codebreaker and businessman. During the Second World War, Roberts worked at the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park from 1941 to 1945. He was a leading codebreaker and linguist, who worked on the Lorenz cipher system – Hitler's most top-level code.

Jerry Roberts was born in Wembley, London. His father Herbert, had trained as a pharmacist, but worked for Lloyds Bank head office in the City for the rest of his 40-year career, since coming to London from Wales in 1915. His mother, Leticia, was a pianist and an organist who played in the local chapel. He was educated at Latymer Upper School, Hammersmith in London 1933–39 and University College London 1939–41. He gained a degree in German and French.
Kazutomi Yamamoto
Kazutomi Yamamoto (山本 和臣, Yamamoto Kazutomi; born January 3, 1988, Hyōgo Prefecture) is a Japanese voice actor and singer affiliated with amuleto. In 2013, he won the 7th Seiyu Awards as the Best Rookie actors along with Nobunaga Shimazaki.

I-Chu
I-Chu (Japanese: アイ★チュウ, Hepburn: Ai★Chū) is a Japanese mobile game developed by Liber Entertainment. The original game was released on June 26, 2015, on Android and July 3, 2015, for the iOS. It was followed up with the release of an updated mobile game, I-Chu Étoile Stage, on April 30, 2020, while the original game was discontinued in July 2020. A port for Nintendo Switch was announced in October 2021, and was released in Japan on November 10, 2022.

Along with the game, the franchise has released several CDs portrayed by the characters in the game, and the success of the game led to several adaptations for the franchise, including stage plays and an anime television series by Lay-duce, which aired from January 6 to March 24, 2021.
Fuchu, Toyama
Fuchū (婦中町, Fuchū-machi) was a town located in Nei District, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 35,749 and a density of 525.41 persons per km2. The total area was 68.04 km2.

On April 1, 2005, Fuchū, along with the towns of Ōsawano and Ōyama (both from Kaminiikawa District), the town of Yatsuo, and the villages of Hosoiri and Yamada (all from Nei District), was merged into the expanded city of Toyama.

Toyama (city)
Toyama (富山市, Toyama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [toꜜ.ja.ma, to.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in the Chūbu region on central Honshū, about 200 km (120 mi) north of the city of Nagoya and 300 km (190 mi) northwest of Tokyo. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 415,844 in 176,643 households, and a population density of 335 persons per km2. Its total area was 1,241.77 square kilometres (479.45 sq mi). The city has been designated an environmental model city by the national government for its efforts to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
Shell Point, South Carolina
Shell Point is a census-designated place (CDP) in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 2,336 at the 2010 census. Shell Point is served by the Burton Fire District. As defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, Shell Point is in the Hilton Head Island−Bluffton, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Beaufort County, South Carolina
Beaufort County (/ˈbjuːfərt/ BEW-fərt) is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 187,117. Its county seat is Beaufort and its largest community is Hilton Head Island.

Beaufort County is part of the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Port Royal metropolitan statistical area. It is one of the South's fastest-growing counties, primarily because of development south of the Broad River clustered along the U.S. Highway 278 corridor. The county's northern portions also have grown steadily, due in part to the strong federal military presence around the city of Beaufort. The county's two portions are connected by the Broad River Bridge, which carries South Carolina Highway 170. Beaufort County has been identified as the most at-risk county in the contiguous United States for combined damage from climate change in the medium term, largely due to high wet-bulb temperatures, economic and farm crop damages, and sea-level rise.
Regional Affairs Committee
The Regional Affairs Committee is a general committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom that considers any matter related to regional affairs in England that may be referred to it. The Committee comprises thirteen MPs from English constituencies, although any MP representing an English constituency may participate in its debates and proceedings. In that way it is similar to the Northern Ireland, Scottish, and Welsh Grand Committees and is effectively an English Grand Committee. Also like those committees, provision is made for it to meet away from Westminster.

Scottish Grand Committee
The Scottish Grand Committee is a committee of the House of Commons. It is not a select committee (see Scottish Affairs Select Committee), but rather a grand committee composed of all 59 Scottish MPs (72 MPs prior to 2005).

The Scottish Grand Committee's function is to oversee UK Parliament bills specific to Scotland.

For several years it met at the Old Royal High School in Edinburgh.
Quail Island (Northern Territory)
Quail Island is an island in the Northern Territory of Australia in the Beagle Gulf about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the territory capital of Darwin.

Quail Island belongs to the Quail Island Group.  The other two islands in the archipelago are Bare Sand Island (southwest of Quail Island) and Djadjalbit Island (south).

The islands are known for being a breeding ground for flatback turtles.

Beagle Gulf
Beagle Gulf is a gulf in the Northern Territory of Australia which opens on its west side to  the Timor Sea. The gulf is bounded to the south by the mainland and to the north by Bathurst and Melville Islands.  It is connected to Van Diemen Gulf in the east by Clarence Strait.  Its south coast includes the natural harbours of Darwin and Bynoe.  It is approximately 100 km long and 50 km wide. It surrounds the Quail Island Group.
Genetic history of the African diaspora
The genetic history of the African diaspora is composed of the overall genetic history of the African diaspora, within regions outside of Africa, such as North America, Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia; this includes the genetic histories of African Americans, Afro-Canadians, Afro-Caribbeans, Afro-Latinos, Afro-Europeans, Afro-Asians, and African Australians.

Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup A is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, which includes all living human Y chromosomes. Bearers of extant sub-clades of haplogroup A are almost exclusively found in Africa (or among the African diaspora), in contrast with haplogroup BT, bearers of which participated in the Out of Africa migration of early modern humans. The known branches of haplogroup A are A00, A0, A1a, and A1b1; these branches are only very distantly related, and are not more closely related to each other than they are to haplogroup BT.
Kanebogen
Kanebogen is a neighborhood within the town of Harstad which is located in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located about 5 km (3.1 mi) south of the city center. Kanebogen borders the neighborhoods of Gansås to the north, Stangnes to the northeast, Medkila to the south, and Grønnebakkan to the northwest.

Kanebogen School and the adjacent Kanebogen Stadion (stadium) are located in this area, as are Harstad Camping, Kanebogen Church, and the Kanebogen Senter (shopping center).

Kanebogen was the northernmost part of the old Sandtorg Municipality which was merged with Harstad Municipality in 1964.

Harstad Camping
Harstad Camping was until 2023 a campgrounds in the municipality of Harstad in Troms county, Norway.  It was located just east of Kanebogen on the Steinbergneset peninsula, about 5 km (3.1 mi) south of the city of Harstad, along the Vågsfjorden.
Salomon Franck
Salomon (also Salomo) Franck, 6 March 1659  – 11 July 1725), was a German lawyer, scientist, and poet. Franck was working at Weimar at the same time as the composer Johann Sebastian Bach and he was the librettist of some of the best-known Bach cantatas.

Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret, BWV 31
Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret (Heaven laughs! Earth exults), BWV 31, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach for the first day of Easter. Bach composed the cantata in Weimar and first performed it on 21 April 1715.
Zadetkyi
Zadetkyi Island or Zadetkyi Kyun, also known as Saint Matthew's Island, is an island at the southern end of the Mergui Archipelago, Burma. Its northern side forms the southern shore of Hastings Harbor, where there is a base of the Myanmar Navy.

Mergui Archipelago
The Mergui Archipelago (also Myeik  Archipelago or Myeik Kyunzu; Burmese: မြိတ်ကျွန်းစု) is located in far southern Myanmar (Burma) and is part of the Tanintharyi Region. It consists of around 800 islands, varying in size from very small to hundreds of square kilometres, all lying in the Andaman Sea off the western shore of the Malay Peninsula near its landward (northern) end where it joins the rest of Indochina. They are occasionally referred to as the Pashu Islands because the Malay inhabitants are locally called Pashu.
George Duncan (golfer)
George Duncan (16 September 1883 – 15 January 1964) was a Scottish professional golfer. He was also a golf course designer. His much sought-after professional teaching and swing analysis skills lead to him being referred to as "the pro's pro." He won the 1920 Open Championship.

Daily Mail Tournament
The Daily Mail Tournament was a professional golf tournament played in the United Kingdom. The Daily Mail sponsored the St Andrews Tournament in 1919 and in 1920 continued their sponsorship with the start of the Daily Mail Tournament. The event was dropped after the 1927 tournament and not reinstated until 1936. The event was unusual in that it took place in 1940, after the start of World War II. The prize money for the 1940 event was just £500, money being raised for the Red Cross A tournament was also played in September 1945, soon after the end of the war, and was informally referred to as the "Victory" tournament. The last event was played in 1950.
Karnaphuli Tunnel
The Karnaphuli Tunnel (Bengali: কর্ণফুলী টানেল) is an underwater expressway tunnel in the port city of Chittagong, Bangladesh under the Karnaphuli River. The length of the entire route is 9.39 kilometres (5.83 mi), with the tunnel making up 3.32 kilometres (2.06 mi) of the length. The tunnel diameter is 10.80 metres (35.4 ft). It is expected, over 17,000 vehicles will be able to use this tunnel daily. The cost of the project is estimated at US$1.1B, of which around half is financed by the Exim Bank of China. The Karnaphuli Tunnel is the first underwater road tunnel in South Asia. It is expected to improve the Dhaka–Chittagong–Cox's Bazar highway network. A Chinese company, China Communications Construction Company, was selected to construct it. The tunnel segments were produced in Zhenjiang, China.

Karnaphuli
The Karnaphuli River (Bengali: কর্ণফুলি Kôrnophuli; also spelt Karnafuli and Khawthlangtuipui in Mizo, meaning "western river" and Borgang in Chakma, meaning "Big River") is the largest and most important river in Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is a 667-metre (2,188 ft) wide river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. Originating from the Saithah village of Mamit district in Mizoram, India, it flows 270 kilometres (170 mi) southwest through Chattogram Hill Tracts and Chattogram into the Bay of Bengal. It is the fastest flowing river in Bangladesh, after the Padma.

The river is said to "represent the drainage system of the whole south-western part of Mizoram." Principal tributaries include the Kawrpui River or Thega River, Tuichawng River and Phairuang River. A large hydroelectric power plant was built on the Karnaphuli in the Kaptai region in the 1960s. The mouth of the river hosts the Port of Chattogram, the largest and busiest seaport of Bangladesh.
Aluminocopiapite
Aluminocopiapite (IMA symbol: Acpi) is an aluminium iron sulfate mineral with the chemical formula Al2/3Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O. Its type localities are Fortymile River in Alaska and the San Rafael Swell in Utah. The mineral is named after the city of Copiapó in Chile.

Sulfate mineral
The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals that include the sulfate ion (SO2−4) within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems.

Sulfate minerals include:

Anhydrous sulfates
Barite BaSO4
Celestite SrSO4
Anglesite PbSO4
Anhydrite CaSO4
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl

Hydroxide and hydrous sulfates
Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O
Chalcanthite CuSO4·5H2O
Kieserite MgSO4·H2O
Starkeyite MgSO4·4H2O
Hexahydrite MgSO4·6H2O
Epsomite MgSO4·7H2O
Meridianiite MgSO4·11H2O
Melanterite FeSO4·7H2O
Antlerite Cu3SO4(OH)4
Brochantite Cu4SO4(OH)6
Alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Jarosite KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Löweite Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O
Gordie Johnson
Gordie Johnson is a Canadian musician, best known as the front man for the blues/reggae rock band Big Sugar, Austin-based blues/gospel band Sit Down Servant, southern rock band Grady and blues band Snakes of Central Texas.

Johnson is a Grammy nominated producer, mixer and session musician. He has produced, or mixed, albums and tracks for artists such as Gov't Mule, Warren Haynes, The Glorious Sons, Taj Mahal, Bushwick Bill, Toots Hibbert, Sarah Slean, The Trews, Joel Plaskett Emergency, The Respectables, Tim Chaisson, Len, Reel Big Fish, Chris Duarte, Caroline Neron, Meredith Shaw, as well as playing and/or recording with Chris Robinson, Rich Robinson, Colin James, Default, Honky, Len, Molly Johnson, Jonny Lang and Double Trouble, Ashley MacIsaac, the Bourbon Tabernacle Choir, and Big Rude Jake, Wide Mouth Mason.

Jonny Lang
Jon Gordon Langseth Jr. (born January 29, 1981), known as Jonny Lang, is an American blues, gospel, rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He has recorded five albums that have charted on the top 50 of the Billboard 200 chart and won a Grammy Award for his 2006 album Turn Around.
Vol. 1 (Radio Company album)
Vol. 1 is the first studio album by Radio Company. It was released on November 8, 2019, by Two Chair Entertainment. The album was previously titled Cannonball. The album artwork was created by Tom Jean Webb.

The album peaked at number 151 on the Billboard 200, number 18 on the Billboard Top Rock Albums chart, and at number one on the Top Heatseekers chart where it stayed for two weeks. The band debuted at number five on the US Emerging Artists chart.

The album was released on vinyl and peaked at number 11 on the US Top Vinyl Albums chart. On May 7, 2021, the album was released on CD alongside Vol. 2 in a double CD release.

Vol. 2 (Radio Company album)
Vol. 2 is the second studio album by Radio Company. It was released on May 7, 2021, by Two Chair Entertainment. The band started working on the album in January 2020 and finished recording on June 13, 2020.

The album was released along with Vol. 1 on CD in a double release. The album was released on vinyl on March 21, 2022.