hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Süderstapel
Süderstapel (German pronunciation: [ˈzyːdɐˌʃtaːpl̩], lit. 'South Stapel'; Danish: Sønder Stabel) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Since March 2018, it is part of the municipality Stapel.

Stapel, Schleswig-Holstein
Stapel (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaːpl̩]; Danish: Stabel) is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was created in March 2018 by the merger of the former municipalities of Norderstapel and Süderstapel.
Curtis Callan
Curtis Gove Callan Jr. (born October 11, 1942) is an American theoretical physicist and the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Physics at Princeton University. He has conducted research in gauge theory, string theory, instantons, black holes, strong interactions, and many other topics.  He was awarded the Sakurai Prize in 2000 ("For his classic formulation of the renormalization group, his contributions to instanton physics and to the theory of monopoles and strings") and the Dirac Medal in 2004.

James Smith McDonnell
James Smith "Mac" McDonnell Jr. (April 9, 1899 – August 22, 1980) was an American aviator, engineer, and businessman. He was an aviation pioneer and founder of McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, later McDonnell Douglas (which is now Boeing, after the latter's  company merger in 1997), and the James S. McDonnell Foundation.
United States Marine Corps Aviation
The United States Marine Corps Aviation (USMCA) is the aircraft arm of the United States Marine Corps. Aviation units within the Marine Corps are assigned to support the Marine Air-Ground Task Force, as the aviation combat element, by providing six functions: assault support, antiair warfare, close air support, electronic warfare, control of aircraft and missiles, and aerial reconnaissance. The Corps operates rotary-wing, tiltrotor, and fixed-wing aircraft mainly to provide transport and close air support to its ground forces. Other aircraft types are also used in a variety of support and special-purpose roles. All Marine Corps aviation falls under the influence of the Deputy Commandant for Aviation, whose job is to advise the commandant of the Marine Corps in all matters relating to aviation, especially acquisition of new assets, conversions of current aircraft, maintenance, operation, and command.

Wing (military unit)
In military aviation, a wing is a unit of command. In most military aviation services, a wing is a relatively large formation of planes. In Commonwealth countries a wing usually comprises three squadrons, with several wings forming a group (around 10 squadrons). Each squadron will contain around 20 planes.
Saw Shwe Khet
Minye Kyawswa Saw Shwe Khet (Burmese: မင်းရဲကျော်စွာ စောရွှေခက်, pronounced [mɪ́ɴjɛ́ tɕɔ̀zwà sɔ́ ʃwè kʰɛʔ]) Tai name Sao Hswe Kaew (ၸဝ်ႈသႂၺ်ႇၵႅဝ်ႈ) was governor of Prome (Pyay), a major vassal state of Ava, from 1417 to 1422, and from 1442 to 1446. He was the only governor or viceroy of Prome to serve more than one term. He also served as governor of districts of Prome: twice at Tharrawaddy (Thayawadi) (1422–1427) and (1446–1460) and at Paungde (1460–1470s).

Atula Thiri Maha Yaza Dewi of Ava
Atula Thiri Maha Yaza Dewi of Ava (Burmese: အတုလ သီရိ မဟာရာဇ ဒေဝီ, pronounced [ʔətṵla̰ θìɹḭ məhà jàza̰ dèwì]; Pali: Atulasirimahārājadevī; also known as Atula Maha Dhamma Yaza Dewi) was the chief queen consort of King Narapati I of Ava from 1442 to 1468. She was the mother of King Thihathura of Ava and King Thado Minsaw of Prome, and a maternal aunt of King Leik Munhtaw of Hanthawaddy. King Alaungpaya, the founder of the Konbaung dynasty, was a tenth generation descendant of the queen.

She became the queen dowager in 1468 after her husband died from a stab wound by one of her grandsons. She instigated a rebellion by Toungoo (Taungoo) when her son Thihathura, who was now king, failed to punish the grandson.
Jonathan Goforth
Jonathan Goforth (Chinese: 顧約拿單, February 10, 1859 – October 8, 1936) was a Canadian Presbyterian missionary to China with the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, along with his wife, Florence Rosalind (Bell-Smith) Goforth. Jonathan Goforth became the foremost missionary revivalist in early 20th-century China and helped to establish revivalism as a major element in Protestant China missions.

Canadian Presbyterian Mission
Canadian Presbyterian Mission was a Presbyterian Church in Canada missionary society that was involved in sending workers to countries such as Trinidad and Tobago during British rule and China during the late Qing Dynasty, the most famous of which were Jonathan Goforth and his wife, Rosalind.
FTP bounce attack
FTP bounce attack is an exploit of the FTP protocol whereby an attacker is able to use the PORT command to request access to ports indirectly through the use of the victim machine, which serves as a proxy for the request, similar to an Open mail relay using SMTP.

This technique can be used to port scan hosts discreetly, and to potentially bypass a network's access-control list to access specific ports that the attacker cannot access through a direct connection, for example with the nmap port scanner.

Nearly all modern FTP server programs are configured by default to refuse PORT commands that would connect to any host but the originating host, thwarting FTP bounce attacks.

File eXchange Protocol
File eXchange Protocol (FXP or FXSP) is a method of data transfer which uses FTP to transfer data from one remote server to another (inter-server) without routing this data through the client's connection. Conventional FTP involves a single server and a single client; all data transmission is done between these two. In the FXP session, a client maintains a standard FTP connection to two servers, and can direct either server to connect to the other to initiate a data transfer. The advantage of using FXP over FTP is evident when a high-bandwidth server demands resources from another high-bandwidth server, but only a low-bandwidth client, such as a network administrator working away from location, has the authority to access the resources on both servers.
Parapodium
In invertebrates, the term parapodium (Gr. para, beyond or beside + podia, feet; pl.: parapodia) refers to lateral outgrowths or protrusions from the body. Parapodia are predominantly found in annelids, where they are paired, unjointed lateral outgrowths that bear the chaetae. In several groups of sea snails and sea slugs, 'parapodium' refers to lateral fleshy protrusions.

Sea butterfly
The Thecosomata (collective/plural: thecosomes, from Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē), meaning "case", and σῶμα (sôma), meaning "body"), or sea butterflies, are a taxonomic suborder of small, pelagic, free-swimming sea snails known as holoplanktonic opisthobranch gastropod mollusks, in the order Pteropoda (also included within the informal group Opisthobranchia). Most pteropods have some form of calcified shell, although it is often very light, even translucent.

The sea butterflies include some of the world's most abundant gastropod species; as their large numbers are an essential part of the ocean food chain, they are a significant contributor to the oceanic carbon cycle.
Torre Axa México
Torre Axa México, previously Mexicana de Aviación Tower (Spanish: Torre Mexicana de Aviación), is a landmark located in Colonia del Valle in Benito Juárez, Mexico City, Mexico. The former worldwide headquarters of Mexicana de Aviación, it is a 32-storey building that is 132 metres (433 ft) tall. It was designed by Rafael Mijares and Andrés Giovanni.

In 2003, the airline announced plans to sell the tower, considered to be a landmark in the city, for US$35 million as an initial offer. Fibramex became the new owner of the tower; CB Richard Ellis, an American firm, served as an intermediary in the transaction. The tower now houses the Mexican headquarters of Axa, a multinational insurance company based in Paris, France.

Mexicana de Aviación (1921–2010)
Compañía Mexicana de Aviación S.A. de C.V., usually shortened to Mexicana de Aviación, was Mexico's oldest airline and one of the oldest continuously single-branded airlines, inaugurated in 1921. It was Mexico's biggest airline and flag carrier before ceasing operations on August 28, 2010, leaving competitor Aeroméxico as a de facto monopoly.

A revival airline is operated by SEDENA – the Mexican Ministry of Defense, as a state-owned airline. It began operations in December 2023 under the legal name Aerolínea del Estado Mexicano using the Mexicana brand.
Ianthe Jerrold
Ianthe Jerrold (1898–1977) was a British novelist. While she wrote in a number of genres she is best known for her crime novels, including two detective novels published during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. Her wealthy amateur detective John Christmas was inspired by the character of Lord Peter Wimsey created by Dorothy L. Sayers. She was the daughter of the writer and newspaper editor Walter Jerrold and was descended from the Regency era playwright Douglas William Jerrold. She was one of the initial members of the Detection Club in 1930.

Detection Club
The Detection Club was formed in 1930 by a group of British mystery writers, including Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Ronald Knox, Freeman Wills Crofts, Arthur Morrison, Hugh Walpole, John Rhode, Jessie Louisa Rickard, Baroness Orczy, R. Austin Freeman, G. D. H. Cole, Margaret Cole, E. C. Bentley, Henry Wade, Constance Lindsay Taylor and H. C. Bailey. Anthony Berkeley Cox was instrumental in setting up the club, and the first president was G. K. Chesterton. There is a fanciful initiation ritual with an oath written by Sayers, and the club holds regular dinner meetings in London.
Castell Cawr
Castell Cawr, or Tan-y-Gopa as it is known locally, is a heavily forested hill above the town of Abergele in Conwy county borough, Wales. On it is found the Iron Age hillfort of Castell Cawr, which overlooks the River Clwyd.  Rare lesser horseshoe bats inhabit caves on the hill. The woods are owned by the Woodland Trust. The hill rises to 189 m (620 ft) above sea level, with extensive views to Snowdonia and the Clwydian Range.

Thomas Pennant visited the area in the 18th century, and noted the existence of the hillfort. In 1860, James Halliwell-Phillipps wrote that the outline of the hillfort was obscured by vegetation, and identified the workings of a Roman lead mine on the hillside. The Welsh knew these excavations by the name "Ffos-y-bleiddiaid" ("Ditch of the Wolves")

Abergele
Abergele (Welsh: [ˌabɛrˈɡɛlɛ]; pronunciationⓘ) is a market town and community, situated on the north coast of Wales between the holiday resorts of Colwyn Bay and Rhyl, in Conwy County Borough. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Denbighshire. Its northern suburb of Pensarn lies on the Irish Sea coast. The town is served by Abergele and Pensarn railway station, which is by the coast at Pensarn.
Rip Cord (G.I. Joe)
Rip Cord (also known as Ripcord) is a fictional character from the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline, comic books, and animated series. He is the G.I. Joe Team's HALO (High Altitude Low Opening) Jumper and debuted in 1984.

Comedian actor Marlon Wayans portrayed Rip Cord in the 2009 film, G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra.

Cobra (G.I. Joe)
Cobra (sometimes referred to as Cobra Command) is a fictional terrorist organization and the nemesis of the G.I. Joe Team in the Hasbro action figure toyline G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero and G.I. Joe: Sigma 6, as well as in related media.

Cobra was first introduced during the launch of the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline in mid-1982. The toyline was accompanied by a Marvel Comics series, written by Larry Hama, and an animated television series by Sunbow and Marvel Productions. However, the origin and portrayal of Cobra has differed in each of them.

Marvel Comics invented the Cobra concept, with the name having been proposed by Archie Goodwin. When Marvel first proposed the concept, Hasbro was reluctant to make toys of the villains for fear that they would not sell. According to Jim Shooter, "later ... villains became 40% of their volume." Cobra's iconic logo was later created by Hasbro designer Ron Rudat.
Nonintrusive load monitoring
Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM), nonintrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM),  or energy disaggregation is a process for analyzing changes in the voltage and current going into a house and deducing what appliances are used in the house as well as their individual energy consumption. Electric meters with NILM technology are used by utility companies to survey the specific uses of electric power in different homes. NILM is considered a low-cost alternative to attaching individual monitors on each appliance. It does, however, present privacy concerns.

Electricity meter
An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter, energy meter, kilowatt-hour meter, or power meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device over a time interval.

Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises for billing and monitoring purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour (kWh). They are usually read once each billing period.

When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods.
Norah Docker
Norah Royce Docker, Lady Docker (née Turner; 23 June 1906 – 11 December 1983) was an English socialite. A dance hostess at a club in her youth, she married three times, on each occasion to an executive of a business that sold luxury goods.

Her third marriage, to Sir Bernard Docker, the chairman of Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) and its subsidiary, Daimler, was notable for the couple's extravagant lifestyle. This was often funded by tax writeoffs and company expenditure that could not be legitimately defended, which led to Sir Bernard's removal from BSA's board of directors.

She was also banned from Monaco by Prince Rainier after an incident in which she tore up a Monegasque flag.

Daimler DK400
The Daimler DK400, originally Daimler Regina DF400, was a large luxury car made by The Daimler Company Limited between 1954 and 1959 replacing their Straight-Eight cars. Distinguished, after the Regina, by its hooded headlights it was Daimler's last car to use their fluid flywheel transmission.
Singular measure
In mathematics, two positive (or signed or complex) measures  and  defined on a measurable space  are called singular if there exist two disjoint measurable sets  whose union is  such that  is zero on all measurable subsets of  while  is zero on all measurable subsets of  This is denoted by

A refined form of Lebesgue's decomposition theorem decomposes a singular measure into a singular continuous measure and a discrete measure.

Dirac delta function
In mathematical analysis, the Dirac delta function (or  distribution), also known as the unit impulse, is a generalized function on the real numbers, whose value is zero everywhere except at zero, and whose integral over the entire real line is equal to one. Thus it can be represented heuristically as

such that

Since there is no function having this property, modelling the delta "function" rigorously involves the use of limits or, as is common in mathematics, measure theory and the theory of distributions.

The delta function is named after physicist Paul Dirac, and has been applied routinely in physics and engineering to model point masses and concentrated loads. It is called the delta function because it is a continuous analogue of the Kronecker delta function. The mathematical rigor of the delta function was disputed until Laurent Schwartz developed the theory of distributions, where it is defined as a linear form acting on functions.
Cycloid
In geometry, a cycloid is the curve traced by a point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line without slipping. A cycloid is a specific form of trochoid and is an example of a roulette, a curve generated by a curve rolling on another curve.

The cycloid, with the cusps pointing upward, is the curve of fastest descent under uniform gravity (the brachistochrone curve). It is also the form of a curve for which the period of an object in simple harmonic motion (rolling up and down repetitively) along the curve does not depend on the object's starting position (the tautochrone curve). In physics, when a charged particle at rest is put under a uniform electric and magnetic field perpendicular to one another, the particle’s trajectory draws out a cycloid.

Marin Mersenne
Marin Mersenne, OM (also known as Marinus Mersennus or le Père Mersenne; French: [maʁɛ̃ mɛʁsɛn]; 8 September 1588 – 1 September 1648) was a French polymath whose works touched a wide variety of fields.  He is perhaps best known today among mathematicians for Mersenne prime numbers, those written in the form Mn = 2n − 1 for some integer n.  He also developed Mersenne's laws, which describe the harmonics of a vibrating string (such as may be found on guitars and pianos), and his seminal work on music theory, Harmonie universelle, for which he is referred to as the "father of acoustics".

Mersenne, an ordained Catholic priest, had many contacts in the scientific world and has been called "the center of the world of science and mathematics during the first half of the 1600s" and, because of his ability to make connections between people and ideas, "the post-box of Europe".  He was also a member of the ascetical Minim religious order and wrote and lectured on theology and philosophy.
Veszprém County (former)
Veszprém was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which was smaller than that of present Veszprém county, in western Hungary. The capital of the county was Veszprém.

Somogy County (former)
Somogy was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which was slightly larger than that of present Somogy county, is now in south-western Hungary. The capital of the county was Kaposvár.
Yunshan Road station
Yunshan Road (simplified Chinese: 云山路; traditional Chinese: 雲山路; pinyin: Yúnshān Lù) is a station on Shanghai Metro Line 6 and Line 14. It began operation on 29 December 2007. It later became an interchange station on 30 December 2021 when Line 14 opened. It is located at the junction of Yunshan Road and Zhangyang Road.
Like all other stations on Line 6, it is located in Shanghai's Pudong New Area.

Line 6 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 6 is an eastern north–south line of the Shanghai Metro network. It opened on December 29, 2007. The entire line is located in the Pudong New Area. A complete trip between the two end terminals, Gangcheng Road and Oriental Sports Center takes approximately 1 hour and 10 minutes. Line 6 has been dubbed the unofficial nickname “Hello Kitty Line” due to its lurid pink livery. The line is colored magenta on system maps.
Watapur District
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Watapur District is situated in the central part of Kunar Province in Afghanistan. It was split from Asadabad district. The district is mountainous with 60 large and small villages. The population is around 60,000 (2022 est.).

Asadabad District
Asadabad district is one of 15 districts in the Kunar Province of Afghanistan. It includes the city of Asadabad - the district center, close the Kunar River. It is situated in the central part of the province. It has 12 big and small villages, which are surrounded by mountains so there is not enough land for farming.
1980 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1980 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia during the 1980 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 12–0 record. The Bulldogs had a regular season Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 6–0. The Bulldogs completed their season with a 17–10 victory over Notre Dame in the Sugar Bowl.

The team was named national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors of Associated Press, Berryman, Billingsley, Football News, Football Writers, Helms, National Championship Foundation, National Football Foundation, Poling System, Sporting News, and UPI (coaches), while co-champion by Rothman and Sagarin (ELO-Chess), resulting in a consensus national champion designation.

1981 Sugar Bowl
The 1981 Sugar Bowl was the 47th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, on Thursday, January 1. Part of the 1980–81 bowl game season, it matched the undefeated and top-ranked Georgia Bulldogs of the Southeastern Conference, and the seventh-ranked Notre Dame Fighting Irish. A slight underdog, Georgia won, 17–10.
2012 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2012 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Manitoba's women's provincial curling championship, was held from January 25 to 29 at the Portage Credit Union Centre in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. The winning team of Jennifer Jones, Kaitlyn Lawes, Jill Officer and Dawn Askin represented Manitoba at the 2012 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Red Deer, Alberta, where they finished round robin with a 9–2 record, which was enough to finish 1st place and clinch a spot in the playoffs. Jones would lose both the 1–2 game and the semi-final before winning the bronze medal game over Quebec.

2012 Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2012 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the Canadian women's national curling championship, was held from Saturday, February 18 to Sunday, February 26 at the ENMAX Centrium in Red Deer, Alberta. This Tournament of Hearts marked the second time that Red Deer has hosted the Scotties; the first time that the Scotties was hosted in Red Deer was in 2004.

The winning team, Heather Nedohin of Alberta, went on to represent Canada at the 2012 Ford World Women's Curling Championship in Lethbridge, Alberta. Nedohin won the final after she defeated British Columbia's Kelly Scott with a score of 7–6. Nedohin's championship win was the seventh win by the home team of the host province and the first championship win for Alberta in fourteen years.
Abaw
Abaw(Mon: အၜဝ်,[ʔɑ.ˈɓou]listenⓘ;Burmese: အဘော) is a village in Ye Township in Mawlamyine District in the Mon State of south-east Burma. It is located between the town of Ye to the east and Duya to the northwest and Asin to the southwest.

Nearby towns and villages include Kin (2.6 km), Duya (4.0 km), Ye (3.5 km), Asin (5.2 km), and Kyonpaw (6.7 km).

The centre of the village lies about a kilometre north of the Ye River, on the edge of the Yegyaw Marsh (Yegyaw Chaung) which provides water for local agriculture.

Kyonpaw
Kyonpaw is a village in Ye Township in the Mon State of south-east Burma. It is located 3 miles north-west of Ye city.

Nearby towns and villages include Zayat (3.9 nm), Hnyihnu (4.0 nm), Zuntalin (4.1 nm), Webaw (2.2 nm), Tumyaung (1.9 nm) and Abaw (3.6 nm).
San Giovanni Suergiu
San Giovanni Suergiu (Sardinian: Santu Giuanni de Suergiu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sulcis Iglesiente in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Cagliari and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Carbonia.

San Giovanni Suergiu borders the following municipalities: Carbonia, Giba, Portoscuso, Sant'Antioco, Tratalias.

Giba, Sardinia
Giba is a comune (municipality) in the province of Sulcis Iglesiente, Sardinia, Italy.

Located in the southwestern Sulcis region of the island, the municipality consists of the villages of Giba proper, and Villarios, some 5 kilometres (3 mi) to the west, bordering on  Masainas to the south, Piscinas to the east, Villaperuccio to the northeast,  Tratalias to the north and  San Giovanni Suergiu to the northwest.
Two state roads cross the territory of Giba, the SS195 "Sulcitana" and the SS293.