hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Self-assembly
Self-assembly is a process in which a disordered system of pre-existing components forms an organized structure or pattern as a consequence of specific, local interactions among the components themselves, without external direction. When the constitutive components are molecules, the process is termed molecular self-assembly.

Self-assembly can be classified as either static or dynamic. In static self-assembly, the ordered state forms as a system approaches equilibrium, reducing its free energy.  However, in dynamic self-assembly, patterns of pre-existing components organized by specific local interactions are not commonly described as "self-assembled" by scientists in the associated disciplines. These structures are better described as "self-organized", although these terms are often used interchangeably.

Entropic force
In physics, an entropic force acting in a system is an emergent phenomenon resulting from the entire system's statistical tendency to increase its entropy, rather than from a particular underlying force on the atomic scale.
R591 road (Ireland)
The R591 road is a regional road in Ireland. It is a road on the Mizen Peninsula in County Cork. Most of the road forms part of the Wild Atlantic Way.

The R591 travels southwest from the N71 near Bantry to the village of Durrus. Durrus is also a gateway to the Sheep's Head Peninsula, the Mizen Peninsula's northern neighbour across Dunmanus Bay. The R591 continues via Toormore and Goleen. The road ends at Crookhaven, a yachting harbour village. Before Crookhaven, a scenic, rugged minor road leads to Mizen Head. The R591 is 36.4 km (22.6 mi) long.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Power of two
A power of two is a number of the form 2n where n is an integer, that is, the result of exponentiation with number two as the base and integer n as the exponent. In the fast-growing hierarchy, 2n is exactly equal to . In the Hardy hierarchy, 2n is exactly equal to .

Powers of two with non-negative exponents are integers: 20 = 1, 21 = 2, and 2n is two multiplied by itself n times. The first ten powers of 2 for non-negative values of n are:

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, ... (sequence A000079 in the OEIS)

By comparison, powers of two with negative exponents are fractions: for positive integer n, 2−n is one half multiplied by itself n times. Thus the first few negative powers of 2 are ⁠1/2⁠, ⁠1/4⁠, ⁠1/8⁠, ⁠1/16⁠, etc. Sometimes these are called inverse powers of two because each is the multiplicative inverse of a positive power of two.

IPv6 address
An Internet Protocol version 6 address (IPv6 address) is a numeric label that is used to identify and locate a network interface of a computer or a network node participating in a computer network using IPv6. IP addresses are included in the packet header to indicate the source and the destination of each packet. The IP address of the destination is used to make decisions about routing IP packets to other networks.

IPv6 is the successor to the first addressing infrastructure of the Internet, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). In contrast to IPv4, which defined an IP address as a 32-bit value, IPv6 addresses have a size of 128 bits. Therefore, in comparison, IPv6 has a vastly enlarged address space.
Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto
Hitoyoshi (人吉市, Hitoyoshi-shi) is a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 August 2024, the city had an estimated population of 29,842 in 15292 households, and a population density of 140 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 210.55 km2 (81.29 sq mi).

Hitoyoshi Station
Hitoyoshi Station (人吉駅, Hitoyoshi-eki) is a railway station on the Hisatsu Line and Yunomae Line in Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto, Japan, operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) and Kumagawa Railroad.

The name of the Yunomae Line station is officially Hitoyoshi-Onsen Station (人吉温泉駅, Hitoyoshi-Onsen-eki), which was renamed from Hitoyoshi Station on April 1, 2009.
Lyons VA Medical Center
The Lyons VA Medical Center is a United States Department of Veterans Affairs hospital complex located at 151 Knollcroft Road in the Lyons section of Bernards Township in Somerset County, New Jersey. Established in 1930, it is part of the VA New Jersey Health Care System. Listed as the Lyons Veterans Administration Hospital Historic District, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 3, 2013, for its significance in architecture, health/medicine, and politics/government.

Bernards Township, New Jersey
Bernards Township (/ˈbɜːrnərdz/) is a township in Somerset County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 27,830, an increase of 1,178 (+4.4%) from the 2010 census count of 26,652, reflecting an increase of 2,077 (+8.5%) from the 24,575 counted in the 2000 census.

Located on the eastern end of the Somerset Hills region, the township is a bedroom suburb of New York City in the much larger New York metropolitan area, located within the Raritan Valley region.
Addey and Stanhope School
Addey and Stanhope School is a voluntary-aided, co-educational secondary school, located in Lewisham, London, England. It is a former grammar school with origins dating to 1606. The headmistress is currently Jan Shapiro.

St Alfege Church, Greenwich
St Alfege Church is an Anglican church in the centre of Greenwich, part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich in London. It is of medieval origin and was rebuilt in 1712–1714 to the designs of Nicholas Hawksmoor.
Breitkopf & Härtel
Breitkopf & Härtel (German pronunciation: [ˈbraɪtkɔpf ʔʊnt ˈhɛrtəl]) is a German music publishing house. Founded in 1719 in Leipzig by Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf, it is the world's oldest music publisher.

Music publisher
A music publisher is a type of publisher that specializes in distributing music. Music publishers originally published sheet music. When copyright became legally protected, music publishers began to play a significant role in the management of composers' intellectual property. Today, music publishers license compositions, collect royalties, and make sure songwriters and composers are paid when their work is used.
Paul Jones' Army
Paul Jones' Army was a villainous professional wrestling stable active in Jim Crockett Promotions in the mid-1980s led by (and named for) manager Paul Jones. The group's primary storyline was against "The Boogie Woogie Man" Jimmy Valiant in a long running feud between Jones and Valiant.

Manny Fernandez (wrestler)
Emanuel Fernandez (born July 27, 1954) is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, "The Raging Bull" Manny Fernandez. He is perhaps best known for his appearances with Jim Crockett Promotions in the mid-1980s, where he was a two-time NWA World Tag Team Champion and one-time NWA Brass Knuckles Champion.
Ostrowiec County
Ostrowiec County (Polish: powiat ostrowiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Ćmielów, lying 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and Kunów, 9 km (6 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski.

The county covers an area of 616.33 square kilometres (238.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 109,512, out of which the population of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski is 68,641, that of Ćmielów is 3,012, that of Kunów is 2,967, and the rural population is 34,892.

Ćmielów
Ćmielów [ˈt͡ɕmʲɛluf] ⓘ is a town in Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland. It is the seat of Gmina Ćmielów. As of December 2021, it has 2,954 inhabitants. It is known for one of Poland's oldest porcelain factories dating back to 1790. The town history dates back to 14th century. It has several tourist attractions, in addition to its old porcelain factory, including ruins of a 16th-century castle and a church from the same period. Ćmielów belongs to Lesser Poland, and lies on the Kamienna river in the Sandomierz Upland, 10 kilometers east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, along local road nr. 755.
Belgrade Zone League
Belgrade Zone League (Serbian: Зонска лига Београд / Zonska liga Beograd) is one of the Serbian Zone League divisions, the fourth tier of the Serbian football league system. It is run by the Football Association of Belgrade.

The league comprises 14 teams. The top two teams are promoted to the Serbian League Belgrade and the bottom two teams are relegated to the Belgrade First League.

Serbian Zone League
Serbian Zone League (Serbian: Зонска лига Србије / Zonska liga Srbije) is the fourth tier of football in the Serbian football league system, consisting of 12 divisions as of the 2019–20 season. The divisions are run by the four regional associations, namely Football Association of Western Serbia (four), Football Association of Eastern Serbia (four), Football Association of Vojvodina (three), and Football Association of Belgrade (one). The winner of each division gets promoted to one of the four Serbian League divisions (Belgrade, Vojvodina, East, and West).
Hell's Kitchen (American TV series) season 18
The eighteenth season of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen (subtitled as Hell's Kitchen: Rookies vs. Veterans) premiered on Fox on September 28, 2018, and concluded on February 8, 2019. Gordon Ramsay returned as host and head chef, while James "Jocky" Petrie and Christina Wilson returned as the Blue Team and Red Team's sous-chefs respectively. Marino Monferrato returned as maître d'. This season featured eight new contestants (rookies) battling eight returning veterans. It is also the last season to be shot in California until Season 21 where the show returned to the state for two more seasons.

The season was won by season six third-place finisher Ariel Contreras-Fox, with private chef Mia Castro finishing second.

Hell's Kitchen (American TV series) season 21
The twenty-first season of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen (subtitled as Hell's Kitchen: Battle of the Ages) premiered on Fox on September 29, 2022, and concluded on February 9, 2023. Gordon Ramsay returned as host and head chef, while Christina Wilson returned as the Red Team's sous-chef and Jason Santos returned as the Blue Team's sous-chef. Matthew Childs and Marino Monferrato both returned as maître d'; Matthew temporarily filled in for Marino in the first nine episodes while Marino was visiting family in Italy.

The season was won by former restaurant owner Alex Belew, with executive chef Dafne Mejia finishing second and head chef Alejandro Najar placing third.
Walhalla–Winkler Border Crossing
The Walhalla–Winkler Border Crossing connects the town of Walhalla, North Dakota and the city of Winkler, Manitoba on the Canada–United States border. North Dakota Highway 32 on the American side joins Manitoba Highway 32 on the Canadian side.

Winkler, Manitoba
Winkler is a city in Manitoba, Canada with a population of 13,745 (census agglomeration 32,655), making it the 4th largest city in Manitoba, as of the 2021 Canadian census. It is located in southern Manitoba, surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Stanley, about one hundred kilometres southwest of Winnipeg and 13 km (8.1 mi) east of its "twin city" Morden. As the largest city in the Pembina Valley, it serves as a regional hub for commerce, agriculture and industry. Winkler is the third-fastest growing city in the province after Morden and Steinbach.
Gin and tonic
A gin and tonic is a highball cocktail made with gin and tonic water poured over ice. The ratio of gin to tonic varies according to taste, strength of the gin, other drink mixers being added, etc., with most recipes calling for a ratio between 1:1 and 1:3. It is usually garnished with a slice or wedge of lime. To preserve effervescence, the tonic can be poured down a bar spoon. The ice cools the gin, dulling the effect of the alcohol in the mouth and making the drink more pleasant and refreshing to taste.

It is commonly referred to as a G and T in the UK, US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Ireland. In countries such as Germany, Italy, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, it is called a gin tonic (Japanese: ジン・トニック, Hepburn: jin tonikku). It is sometimes referred to as ginto in the Netherlands and France, and GT in the Nordics.

It has its origins in British military officers, stationed in British India during the 19th Century.

Tonic water
Tonic water is a carbonated soft drink in which quinine is dissolved. Originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, modern tonic water typically has a significantly lower quinine content and is often more sweetened than the original medicinal form. It is consumed for its distinctive bitter flavour.
Plopsaland Belgium
Plopsaland Belgium (previously Plopsaland De Panne) is a theme park located in Adinkerke, Belgium, in the municipality of De Panne, and owned and operated by Plopsa. The park was originally known as Meli Park from 1935 to 1999, before reopening as Plopsaland on 20 April 2000.

De Panne
De Panne (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈpɑnə] ⓘ; French: La Panne [la pan]) is a town and a municipality located on the North Sea coast of the Belgian province of West Flanders. There it borders France, making it the westernmost town in Belgium. It is one of the most popular resort town destinations within Belgium. The municipality includes the village of Adinkerke. On 1 January 2011, De Panne had a total population of 10,748 on a total area of 23.90 km2, which gives a population density of 449.7 inhabitants per km2.
Horace Bolingbroke Woodward
Horace Bolingbroke Woodward FGS FRS, (20 August 1848 – 6 February 1914) was a British geologist who participated in the Geological Survey of England and Wales from 1867 until his retirement in 1908. He was vice-president of the Geological Society, where he was elected a Fellow in 1868; elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1896, awarded the Murchison Medal in 1897, and the Wollaston Medal in 1909.

He was second son of geologist Samuel Pickworth Woodward, himself second son of geologist and antiquary Samuel Woodward. His brother was malacologist Bernard Barham Woodward.

Wollaston Medal
The Wollaston Medal is a scientific award for geology and the highest award granted by the Geological Society of London, the oldest geological society in the world. It is considered to be the most prestigious award in geology, and is given for outstanding contributions to geoscience. The medal is named after English chemist William Hyde Wollaston, and was first awarded in 1831.

The Wollaston Medal was originally made of gold (1831–1845), and then palladium, which was the metal discovered by Wollaston (1846–1860). It was switched to gold again from 1861 to 1929, and then back to palladium from 1930 to present.
Iraq War documents leak
The Iraq War documents leak is the disclosure to WikiLeaks of 391,832 United States Army field reports, also called the Iraq War Logs, of the Iraq War from 2004 to 2009 and published on the Internet on 22 October 2010. The files record 66,081 civilian deaths out of 109,000 recorded deaths. The leak resulted in the Iraq Body Count (IBC) project adding 15,000 civilian deaths to their count, bringing their total to over 150,000, with roughly 80% of those civilians. It is the biggest leak in the military history of the United States, surpassing the Afghan War documents leak of 25 July 2010.

Blackwater (company)
Constellis, formerly Blackwater, is an American private military contractor founded on December 26, 1997, by former Navy SEAL officer Erik Prince. It was renamed Xe Services in 2009, and was again renamed to Academi in 2011, after it was acquired by a group of private investors. In 2014, Academi merged with Triple Canopy to form Constellis Holdings.

Constellis and its predecessors provide contract security services to the United States federal government. Since 2003, it has provided services to the Central Intelligence Agency.

In 2007, Blackwater received widespread notoriety for the Nisour Square massacre in Baghdad, when a group of its employees killed 17 Iraqi civilians and injured 20. Four employees were convicted in the United States and were later pardoned on December 22, 2020, by President Donald Trump.
WQZX
WQZX (94.3 FM, "Q94") is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Greenville, Alabama, United States.  The station is currently owned by Haynes Broadcasting, Inc. and features programming from ABC Radio.

Greenville, Alabama
Greenville is a city in and the county seat of Butler County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,374. Greenville is known as the Camellia City, wherein originated the movement to change the official Alabama state flower from the goldenrod to the camellia with legislative sponsors LaMont Glass and H.B. Taylor.
Atoms for Peace Award
The Atoms for Peace Award was established in 1955 through a grant of $1,000,000 by the Ford Motor Company Fund. An independent nonprofit corporation was set up to administer the award for the development or application of peaceful nuclear technology. It was created in response to U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace speech to the United Nations.

The 23 recipients were:

1957 – Niels Bohr

1958 – George C. de Hevesy

1959 – Leó Szilárd and Eugene Paul Wigner

1960 – Alvin M. Weinberg and Walter Henry Zinn

1961 – Sir John Cockcroft

1963 – Edwin M. McMillan and Vladimir I. Veksler

1967 – Isidor I. Rabi, W. Bennett Lewis and Bertrand Goldschmidt

1968 – Sigvard Eklund, Abdus Salam, and Henry DeWolf Smyth

1969 – Aage Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, Floyd L. Culler, Jr., Henry Kaplan, Anthony L. Turkevich, Mikhail Ioffe and Compton A. Rennie

1969 – Dwight D. Eisenhower

Aage Bohr
Aage Niels Bohr (Danish: [ˈɔːwə ˈne̝ls ˈpoɐ̯ˀ] ⓘ; 19 June 1922 – 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Roy Mottelson and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". His father was Niels Bohr.

Starting from Rainwater's concept of an irregular-shaped liquid drop model of the nucleus, Bohr and Mottelson developed a detailed theory that was in close agreement with experiments.

Since his father, Niels Bohr, had won the prize in 1922, he and his father are one of the several pairs of fathers and sons who have both won the Nobel Prize.
Indian Jews in Israel
Indian Jews in Israel are immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Indian Jewish communities, who now reside within the State of Israel. Indian Jews who live in Israel include thousands of Cochin Jews and Paradesi Jews of Kerala; thousands of Baghdadi Jews from Bombay and Kolkata; tens of thousands from the Bene Israel of Maharashtra and other parts of British India and the Bnei Menashe of Manipur and Mizoram.

Yuval
Yuval (Hebrew: יובל, lit. 'Creek'), also known as Kfar Yuval, is a moshav in northern Israel. Located in the Galilee Panhandle between Metula and the city of Kiryat Shmona, it is at the border with Lebanon and falls under the jurisdiction of Mevo'ot HaHermon Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 829.
Special Protection Group
The Special Protection Group (SPG) is an agency under the  Cabinet Secretariat of the Government of India, whose sole responsibility is protecting the Prime Minister of India and, in some cases, their family. It was formed in 1988 by an Act of the Parliament of India. The agency protects the Prime Minister at all times, both in India and abroad, as well as the Prime Minister's immediate family members. Family members, however, may decline security.

Previously, the SPG's mandate included protecting the prime minister's "parents, wife  [sic] and children" resident anywhere in India during their term of office and for five years after leaving office. However, the Special Protection Group (Amendment) Act, 2019 reduced such mandate. Presently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the only SPG protectee.

Jashodaben Modi
Jashodaben Narendrabhai Modi (née Chimanlal Modi; born 1952) is an Indian former school teacher and the estranged wife of Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India. The couple were married in 1968 when she was 16/17 and Modi was 18. A couple years into the marriage, her husband, Narendra Modi, abandoned her. He did not acknowledge the marriage publicly until he was legally required to do so prior to the 2014 Indian general elections. In 2015, Jashodaben retired from her teaching job.
Waterfall
A waterfall is any point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge 
of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in several ways, but the most common method of formation is that a river courses over a top layer of resistant bedrock before falling onto softer rock, which erodes faster, leading to an increasingly high fall. Waterfalls have been studied for their impact on species living in and around them.

Humans have had a distinct relationship with waterfalls since prehistory, travelling to see them, exploring and naming them. They can present formidable barriers to navigation along rivers. Waterfalls are religious sites in many cultures. Since the 18th century, they have received increased attention as tourist destinations, sources of hydropower, and—particularly since the mid-20th century—as subjects of research.

Subterranean waterfall
A subterranean waterfall, tierous waterfall, or underground waterfall is a waterfall located underground, usually in a cave or mine. They are a common feature in cave systems where there are vertical or near vertical geological structures for the weathering process to exploit, and sufficient gradient between the sink and the rising. The highest known subterranean waterfall is in the Vrtoglavica Cave in Slovenia, with at least 400 metres (1,300 ft).
Babuyan Island
Babuyan Island (sometimes called Babuyan Claro or Curuga Mabuyan, the clear-sighted) is the highest and northernmost island in the Babuyan Islands in Luzon Strait north of Luzon Island in the Philippines and also directly south of Taiwan via Bashi Channel to Luzon Strait. The whole island makes up the barangay of Babuyan Claro, that constitute the municipality of Calayan in Cagayan province. The volcanic island has a population of 1,910 as of the 2020 census, up from 1,423 in 2010.

Calayan, Cagayan
Calayan, officially the Municipality of Calayan (Ilocano: Ili ti Calayan; Ivatan: Kavahayan nu Calayan; Ibanag: Ili nat Calayan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Calayan), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 18,008 people.

It is home to the Calayan rail, a flightless bird identified as a separate species in 2004 and endemic to Calayan Island.