hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Multiplicative group
In mathematics and group theory, the term multiplicative group refers to one of the following concepts:

the group under multiplication of the invertible elements of a field, ring, or other structure for which one of its operations is referred to as multiplication. In the case of a field F, the group is (F ∖ {0}, •), where 0 refers to the zero element of F and the binary operation • is the field multiplication,

the algebraic torus GL(1).

Finite field
In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field (so-named in honor of Évariste Galois) is a field that has a finite number of elements.  As with any field, a finite field is a set on which the operations of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division are defined and satisfy certain basic rules.  The most common examples of finite fields are the integers mod  when  is a prime number.

The order of a finite field is its number of elements, which is either a prime number or a prime power. For every prime number  and every positive integer  there are fields of order . All finite fields of a given order are isomorphic.

Finite fields are fundamental in a number of areas of mathematics and computer science, including number theory, algebraic geometry, Galois theory, finite geometry, cryptography and coding theory.
Sverre Hagerup Bull
Sverre Hagerup Bull (17 August 1892 – 12 May 1976) was a Norwegian banker, composer and writer.

He was born in Kristiania as a son of politician Edvard Hagerup Bull. He was a nephew of architect Schak Bull, and a grandnephew of painter Knud Bull, violinist Ole Bull and architect Georg Andreas Bull.

He wrote several operettes. His main textual works were the two-volume Musikk og musikere ('Music and Musicians', released in 1930 and 1932) and 1951's Musikkens verden ('The World of Music'), for which he was the editor. He sometimes used the pseudonym Finn Helle.

He was the father of composer Edvard Hagerup Bull. He resided in Norway at Jar.

Edvard Hagerup Bull
Edvard Hagerup Bull (23 January 1855 – 25 March 1938) was a Norwegian jurist and assessor of the Supreme Court of Norway. He was a member of the Norwegian Parliament and government official with the Conservative Party of Norway.
John Tushek Building
The John Tushek Building is a historic commercial building at 108 Main Street in Lake Village, Arkansas.  The two story brick building was built in 1906 by John Tushek, an Austro-Hungarian immigrant who ran a mercantile store on the premises.  The building has vernacular Beaux Arts styling popular at the time, presenting facades to both Main and Court Streets.  The ground floors of these facades are divided into storefronts with large glass windows, with access to the upper floor offices via an entrance on the corner.  The second floor windows are capped with decorative metal crowns, and topped by small oculus windows.  The facade is topped by a corbelled brick cornice and parapet.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993, and included in the Lake Village Commercial Historic District in 2011.

Lake Village, Arkansas
Lake Village is a city in and the county seat of Chicot County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Lake Village had a population of 2,065. It is located in the Arkansas Delta. Lake Village is named for its location on Lake Chicot, an oxbow lake formed by the Mississippi River.
Old Tolbooth, Edinburgh
The Old Tolbooth was an important municipal building in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, for more than 400 years. The medieval structure, which was located at the northwest corner of St Giles' Cathedral and was attached to the west end of the Luckenbooths on the High Street in the Old Town, was first established in the 14th century by royal charter. Over the years it served a variety of purposes such as housing the Burgh Council, early meetings of the Parliament of Scotland and the Court of Session. The Tolbooth was also the burgh's main jail where, in addition to incarceration, physical punishment and torture were routinely conducted. From 1785 public executions were carried out. In 1817 the buildings, which had been rebuilt and renovated several times, were demolished.

James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton (c. 1516 – 2 June 1581) was a Scottish nobleman. He played a leading role in the murders of Queen Mary's confidant, David Rizzio, and king consort Henry Darnley. He was the last of the four regents of Scotland during the minority of James VI. He was in some ways the most successful of the four since he won the civil war that had been dragging on with the supporters of the exiled Mary, Queen of Scots. However, he came to an unfortunate end, executed by means of the Maiden, a predecessor of the guillotine.
Kak (Ulken Kak)
Kak (Kazakh: Қақ; Russian: Как), also known as Ulken Kak (Kazakh: Үлкен Қақ), is a lake in Timiryazev District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan.

The southern shore of the lake lies very close to the border with Kostanay Region. Timiryazevo town, the administrative center of the district, lies 25 kilometers (16 mi) to the northeast of the lake.

Timiryazev District
Timiryazev (Kazakh: Тимирязев ауданы, Timiriazev audany) is a district of North Kazakhstan Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Timiryazevo. Population: 12,960 (2013 estimate); 13,978 (2009 census results); 20,081 (1999 census results).
Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development, Test & Evaluation)
The Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (abbreviated DASN (RDT&E) or DASN RDTE) serves as the principal adviser to the United States Assistant Secretary for Research, Development and Acquisition on all matters pertaining to science, technology, advanced research and development programs; system prototype programs; and management of science and engineering.

The DASN (RDT&E) monitors and coordinates with senior Naval officials among the various warfare centers and labs, including the Naval Research Laboratory; the Office of Naval Research; the Naval systems commands; and others in the Naval enterprise to facilitate advancement of technology systems into the fleet.

The current DASN (RDT&E) is Pete Reddy.

Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition)
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition) (abbreviated ASN (RDA)) is a civilian office of the United States Department of the Navy. The assistant secretary of the Navy (research, development and acquisition) requires Senate confirmation, and engages in duties as directed by the secretary of the Navy.

The office was created in 1990 by merging the duties of the assistant secretaries of the navy for shipbuilding and logistics and research, engineering and systems. The assistant secretary of the navy (research, development and acquisition) is responsible for all of the acquisition functions and programs for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps, subject to the guidelines propounded by the under secretary of defense for acquisition and sustainment. The assistant secretary of the navy (research, development and acquisition) is also in charge of the Office of Naval Research.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hertford County, North Carolina
This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Hertford County, North Carolina, United States. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.

Hertford County, North Carolina
Hertford County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,552. Its county seat is Winton. It is classified within the region known in the 21st century as the Inner Banks.
Dava (Dacian)
Dava (Latinate plural davae) was a Geto-Dacian name for a city, town or fortress. Generally, the name indicated a tribal center or an important settlement, usually fortified. Some of the Dacian settlements and the fortresses employed the Murus Dacicus traditional construction technique.

Most of these towns are attested by Ptolemy, and therefore date from at least the 1st century CE.

The dava towns can be found as south as the cities of Sandanski and Plovdiv in present-day Bulgaria. Strabo specified that the Dacians ("Daci") are the Getae. The Dacians, Getae and their kings were always considered as Thracians by the ancients (Dio Cassius, Trogus Pompeius, Appian, Strabo, Herodotus and Pliny the Elder), and were both said to speak the same Thracian language.

Capidava
44°29′37″N 28°5′25″E﻿ / ﻿44.49361°N 28.09028°E﻿ / 44.49361; 28.09028

Capidava (Kapidaua, Cappidava, Capidapa, Calidava, Calidaua) was originally an important Geto-Dacian centre on the right bank of the Danube. After the Roman conquest, it became a civil and military centre in the province of Moesia Inferior (later Scythia Minor) and part of the defensive frontier system of the Moesian Limes along the Danube.

It is located in the village with the same name in Constanța County, Romania.
Azzun Atma
'Azzun 'Atma (Arabic: عزون عتمة) is a Palestinian village in the Qalqilya Governorate in the western West Bank, located 5 kilometers South-east of Qalqilya. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 'Azzun 'Atma had a population of 2,068 inhabitants in 2017. 3.9% of the population of 'Azzun 'Atma were refugees in 1997. The healthcare facilities for 'Azzun 'Atma are designated as MOH level 2.

Sha'arei Tikva
Sha'arei Tikva (Hebrew: שַׁעֲרֵי תִּקְוָה, lit. 'Gates of Hope') is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank at an elevation of 200 metres. Located northeast of Rosh HaAyin and one kilometre east of the Green Line near Elkana, it is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Shomron Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 6,122.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Turlock High School
Turlock High School (THS) is a comprehensive high school located in Turlock, in the heart of the northern San Joaquin Valley in the U.S. state of California.

Turlock High School is situated on a 40+-acre campus, in the midst of a long established residential neighborhood, consisting of 133 classrooms positioned in and around an array of athletic, agricultural, business, and vocational complexes.  It serves two public elementary school districts in addition to a number of private and parochial schools that exist in the surrounding area. Turlock High School is a part of the Turlock Unified School District(TUSD).

By the late 20th century, THS was the second largest high school in northern California.  However, to ease the burden of overcrowding, a community bond was passed in 1998 to construct a second comprehensive campus, John H. Pitman High School, which opened in August, 2002.

Turlock, California
Turlock is a city in Stanislaus County, California, United States. Its population was 72,740 at the 2020 United States census, making it the second-largest city in Stanislaus County after Modesto. The city is home to California State University, Stanislaus.
R265 road (Ireland)
The R265 is a regional road in County Donegal, Ireland. It runs north to south from near Newtown Cunningham to Rossgier near Lifford. The road runs from near Lough Swilly and generally along the west bank of the River Foyle. The road runs through mostly arable farmland in the East Donegal area.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Jefferson, Cleveland
Jefferson is a neighborhood on the West Side of Cleveland, Ohio. It is bounded by the neighborhoods of West Boulevard and Cudell and the village of Linndale to the east, Bellaire–Puritas to the south, Kamm's Corners to the west, and the streetcar suburb of Lakewood to the north.  It is one of four sub-neighborhoods that comprise the larger historical neighborhood of West Park, the others being Kamm's Corners, Bellaire–Puritas, and Hopkins.

As of 2019, the neighborhood has an estimated foreign-born population of 14.3%, with immigrants from Latin America (especially El Salvador and Mexico), the Middle East, Romania, and Vietnam. The Variety Theatre at West 118th and Lorain is one of the major landmarks of Jefferson.  Originally built in 1927 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it has been renovated and came under new ownership in 2022.

Hopkins, Cleveland
Hopkins is a neighborhood on the West Side of Cleveland, Ohio. Known as Riverside until 2014, it borders the neighborhoods of Kamm's Corners and Bellaire–Puritas to the north and northeast, the suburb of Fairview Park to the northwest, and Brook Park to the south, east, and west. Most of the area of Hopkins is covered by Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. Consequently, the neighborhood has "one of Cleveland's lowest population levels as well as the lowest level of population density."
Benbecula Airport
Benbecula Airport (Scottish Gaelic: Port-adhair Bheinn na Faoghla) (IATA: BEB, ICAO: EGPL) is located on the island of Benbecula in the Outer Hebrides, off the West Coast of Scotland. It is a small rural airport owned and maintained by Highlands and Islands Airports Limited.

Highlands and Islands Airports
Highlands and Islands Airports Limited (HIAL) (Scottish Gaelic: Puirt-adhair na Gàidhealtachd is nan Eilean Earranta) is a company based at Inverness Airport that owns and operates 11 airports in the Scottish Highlands, the Northern Isles and the Western Isles.

It is a private limited company wholly owned by the Scottish Government, and is categorised as Executive Non Departmental Public Body (ENDPB) of the Scottish Government.
Akira Miyawaki
Akira Miyawaki (宮脇 昭, Miyawaki Akira; 29 January 1928 – 16 July 2021) was a Japanese botanist and an expert in plant ecology who specialized in seeds and natural forests. He was active worldwide as a specialist in natural vegetation restoration of degraded land. He was particularly known for his studies of reforestation using pocket forests, often called Miyawaki forests after him.

He was professor emeritus at Yokohama National University and director of the Japanese Center for International Studies in Ecology since 1993. He received the Blue Planet Prize in 2006.

Hiroshima University
Hiroshima University (広島大学, Hiroshima Daigaku) is a Japanese national research university located in Higashihiroshima and Hiroshima, Japan. Established in 1929, it was chartered as a university in 1949 following the merge of a number of national educational institutions. Its abbreviated form is Hirodai, and it is included in the group of quasi-elite national universities in Japan known as “Kaneokachihiro”.
Trescowe
Trescowe (Cornish: Treskaw) is a hamlet north of Germoe, in the civil parish of Breage, in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

The name Trescowe is an anglicisation of the Cornish language Treskaw, which contains the words tre, meaning 'farm' or 'settlement', and skaw, meaning 'elder trees'.

Breage, Cornwall
Breage (/ˈbriːɡ/ ⓘ BREEG, locally /ˈbreɪɡ/ BRAYG; Cornish: Eglosbrek (village) or Pluw Vrek (parish)) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is three miles (five kilometres) west of Helston.

Other settlements in the parish include the villages of Ashton, Carleen and Godolphin Cross; the coastal village of Praa Sands; and the Great Work Mine. At the 2021 United Kingdom census, the parish had a population of 3,159.

Breage is named after Saint Breaca, a missionary from Ireland (to whom the 15th-century church is dedicated) and it is in the former Kerrier District.
Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.

Tibeto-Kanauri languages
The Tibeto-Kanauri languages, also called Bodic, Bodish–Himalayish, and Western Tibeto-Burman, are a proposed intermediate level of classification of the Sino-Tibetan languages, centered on the Tibetic languages and the Kinnauri dialect cluster. The conception of the relationship, or if it is even a valid group, varies between researchers.
Wilfrid Weld
Wilfrid Joseph Weld ( 1934 – 3 December 2015 Tahiti) was a British landowner. He was a member of the Weld family of Lulworth Castle, a direct descendant of Sir Humphrey Weld and son of Col. Sir Joseph William Weld and Elizabeth, née Bellord. Like his father before him, Weld served in 1996 as High Sheriff of Dorset.

He is credited with the restoration of the fire gutted Listed monument in Dorset and turning the family heirloom dating from 1641, into a popular visitor attraction. Under his stewardship, Lulworth Cove and Durdle Door, on his estate and part of the Jurassic Coast, were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. He was a supporter of many local charities and sporting associations.

High Sheriff of Dorset
The High Sheriff of Dorset is an ancient high sheriff title which has been in existence for over one thousand years. Until 1567 the Sheriff of Somerset was also the Sheriff of Dorset.

On 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, the title of Sheriff of Dorset was retitled High Sheriff of Dorset.

The position was once a powerful position responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing law and order in Dorset. In modern times the high sheriff has become a ceremonial role, presiding over public ceremonies.
Jonny (band)
Jonny is a two-person band formed by Norman Blake of Teenage Fanclub and Euros Childs of Gorky's Zygotic Mynci.  The two bands toured together in 1997 and Blake contributed to the  Gorky's Zygotic Mynci album How I Long to Feel That Summer in My Heart (2001).

Jonny released an EP in 2006 and their debut album on Merge Records in 2011, the latter of which was recorded with Teenage Fanclub bassist Dave McGowan and BMX Bandits drummer Stuart Kidd.

While the band did not release any subsequent albums, Blake and Childs reunited as Jonny for a concert in Strathaven in 2020, a year after Childs had become a member of Teenage Fanclub.

Teenage Fanclub
Teenage Fanclub are a Scottish alternative rock band formed in Glasgow in 1989. The group were founded by Norman Blake (vocals, guitar), Raymond McGinley (vocals, lead guitar) and Gerard Love (vocals, bass), all of whom shared lead vocals and songwriting duties until Love's departure in 2018. As of 2023, the band's lineup consists of Blake, McGinley, Francis Macdonald (drums, vocals), Dave McGowan (bass, vocals) and Euros Childs (keyboards, vocals).

In concert the band usually alternate among its songwriters, giving equal playing time to each one's songs. Although often pegged as alternative rock, the group have incorporated a wide variety of elements from various music styles.

Teenage Fanclub have had a succession of drummers, namely Francis Macdonald, Brendan O'Hare and Paul Quinn. Keyboardist Finlay Macdonald (no relation) has also been a member. As of 2023, the band have released 12 studio albums and two compilation albums.
Mikhail Kukushkin
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kukushkin (Russian: Михаил Александрович Кукушкин; born 26 December 1987) is a Russian-born Kazakhstani professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 39, achieved on 25 February 2019.

Richard Gasquet
Richard Gabriel Cyr Gasquet (French: [ʁiʃaʁ ɡaskɛ]; born 18 June 1986) is a French former professional tennis player. He was ranked as high as world No. 7 in men's singles by the ATP, attained in July 2007. Gasquet won 16 singles titles on the ATP Tour, and earned over 600 career match wins. His best performances in major singles tournaments were three semifinal appearances, two at the Wimbledon Championships (in 2007 and 2015) and one at the US Open (in 2013). His best performance in ATP Masters 1000 tournaments tournaments was runner-up finishes in Hamburg in 2005 and Toronto in 2006 and 2012. Gasquet won the mixed doubles title at the 2004 French Open, partnering Tatiana Golovin, and an Olympic bronze medal in men's doubles at the 2012 London Olympics, partnering Julien Benneteau. Gasquet was best known for his elegant groundstrokes and his one-handed backhand.
Trail ethics
Trail ethics define appropriate ranges of behavior for hikers on a public trail.  It is similar to both environmental ethics and human rights in that it deals with the shared interaction of humans and nature.  There are multiple agencies and groups that support and encourage ethical behavior on trails.

Trail ethics applies to the use of trails, by pedestrians, dog walkers, hikers, backpackers, mountain bikers, equestrians, hunters, and off-road vehicles.

Leave No Trace
Leave No Trace, sometimes written as LNT, is a set of ethics promoting conservation of the outdoors. Originating in the mid-20th century, the concept started as a movement in the United States in response to ecological damage caused by wilderness recreation. In 1994, the non-profit "Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics" was formed to create educational resources around LNT, and organized the framework of LNT into seven principles.

Plan ahead and prepare

Travel and camp on durable surfaces

Dispose of waste properly

Leave what you find

Minimize campfire impacts

Respect wildlife

Be considerate of others

The idea behind the LNT principles is to leave the wilderness unchanged by human presence.
Violet Duca
Violet Kostanda Duca (born 26 January 1958 in Istanbul) is a Turkish former volleyball player and current Fenerbahçe Acıbadem manager. She is of Greek descent. Her father Hristo Kostanda is a former footballer who played for Beşiktaş JK. She played 120 times for national team.

She played for Eczacıbaşı S.K. and also managed Beşiktaş JK between 2005 and 2008.

Hristo Kostanda
Hristo Kostanda  (1 January 1918 – 27 November 1978), known by his given nickname Sütçü (lit. Milkman), was a Turkish footballer.

He is best known for his spell at Beşiktaş J.K, where he was part of colloquially known unforgettable Beşiktaş squad, including the club's iconic players such as Hakkı Yeten, Şeref Görkey and Şükrü Gülesin.