hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking
Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) was a program run by NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, surveying the sky for near-Earth objects. NEAT was conducted from December 1995 until April 2007, at GEODSS on Hawaii (Haleakala-NEAT; 566), as well as at Palomar Observatory in California (Palomar-NEAT; 644). With the discovery of more than 40,000 minor planets, NEAT has been one of the most successful programs in this field, comparable to the Catalina Sky Survey, LONEOS and Mount Lemmon Survey.

NEAT was the successor to the Palomar Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey (PCAS).

Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search
Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search (LONEOS) was a project designed to discover asteroids and comets that orbit near the Earth. The project, funded by NASA, was directed by astronomer Ted Bowell of Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. The LONEOS project began in 1993 and ran until the end of February 2008.
Palaeohatteriidae
Palaeohatteriidae is an extinct family of basal sphenacodonts known from the Early Permian period (Asselian-Sakmarian stages) of Saxony, Germany. Two genera are known: Palaeohatteria and Pantelosaurus.

Sphenacodontia
Sphenacodontia is a stem-based clade of derived synapsids. It was defined by Amson and Laurin (2011) as "the largest clade that includes Haptodus baylei, Haptodus garnettensis and Sphenacodon ferox, but not Edaphosaurus pogonias". They first appear during the Late Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) epoch. From the end of the Carboniferous to the end of the Permian, most of them remained large, with only some secondarily becoming small in size.

Basal Sphenacodontia constitute a transitional evolutionary series from early pelycosaurs to ancestral therapsids (which in turn were the ancestors of more advanced forms and finally the mammals). One might say that the sphenacodontians are proto-therapsids (even though there is almost a 30-million-years gap between the separation of the ancestors of therapsids from other sphenacodontians and the first appearance of therapsids in the fossil record).
Gerald Loeb Memorial Award winners
The Gerald Loeb Award is given annually for multiple categories of business reporting. The Gerald Loeb Memorial Award was created in 1974 to honor business and financial writers whose high-caliber work covered a broad spectrum of the profession. The final Memorial Award was given in 1974.

1974: Joseph A. Livingston of The Philadelphia Inquirer

1975: Vermont Royster, contributing editor and member of the board of directors of Dow Jones and Co. Inc.

1976: John McDonald, author and former senior editor at Fortune Magazine

1977: Leonard Silk, economics editor at Business Week, then economics columnist at The New York Times

1978: Hedley Donovan, Time, Inc.

Leonard Silk
Leonard Solomon Silk  (May 15, 1918 – February 10, 1995) was an American economist, author, and journalist. Silk's diverse areas of interest included global economics, unemployment, banking, and inflation. Silk wrote for Business Week between 1954 and 1969. He also wrote for the New York Times between 1970 and 1993, first writing editorials, then beginning in 1976, his own column.

Silk was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and died in Montclair, New Jersey.
Ladders (Community)
"Ladders" is the first episode of the sixth season of the American comedy television series Community, and the ninety-eighth episode of the series overall. It was released on Yahoo Screen in the United States on March 17, 2015, along with the following episode, "Lawnmower Maintenance and Postnatal Care".

"Ladders" marks the departure of series regular Yvette Nicole Brown as Shirley Bennett, who left the series to care for her ill father. The episode also marks the first appearance of Paget Brewster as Francesca "Frankie" Dart as a recurring character.

Community season 6
The sixth and final season of the television comedy series Community premiered on Yahoo Screen on March 17, 2015, with a two-episode premiere, and concluded on June 2, 2015. The season consists of 13 episodes released weekly via Yahoo Screen on Tuesdays. Yahoo! announced in June 2014 that it had picked up the series for a sixth season after NBC had canceled the series in May 2014. The season features the exit of Yvette Nicole Brown in a starring role. It also features Paget Brewster and Keith David, who previously made guest appearances in seasons 5 and 3 respectively, returning to the show in new recurring roles, Brewster playing Frankie Dart and David playing Elroy Patashnik.
Courier Newsroom
Courier Newsroom is an American digital media company that operates news outlets and sponsors political content intended to support Democratic Party candidates. It microtargets voters via social media advertising with the intention to both inform and persuade.

Courier's lack of transparency about its funding sources and glowing coverage of Democratic candidates have raised questions about its reliability and about the line between advocacy and journalism. Courier engages in political microtargeting and the Columbia Journalism Review described Courier's business model as "money from interested parties who seek a particular political outcome."

Courier was founded in 2019 by Tara McGowan, a political strategist and former journalist who previously worked for Barack Obama's campaign and the SuperPAC Priorities USA Action. Courier was launched by ACRONYM and is now owned by Good Information Inc.

Pink-slime journalism
Pink-slime journalism is a practice in which news outlets, or fake partisan operations masquerading as such, publish (often but not always) lower-quality news reports that appear to be independent local news outlets. The use of these websites to gather user data has also been observed. The reports are either computer-generated or written by poorly-paid outsourced writers, sometimes using pen names.

The term "pink-slime journalism" was coined by journalist Ryan Smith in 2012. A related term, "news mirage", was coined in 2024 by journalists Miranda Green and David Folkenflik to refer to websites that "look like news, but in truth [serve as] mouthpieces" for corporations or advocacy groups with a non-journalistic agenda.
Broadway on the Mall
Broadway on the Mall was a four-storey shopping mall, located in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, between the Queen Street Mall and Adelaide Street in the Brisbane central business district.

It was developed by Mace Developments and Jennings Industries in the late 1980s.

Following the collapse of AVJennings and a series of acquisitions, the centre has been owned by Industry Superannuation Property Trust since 2011.

In 2011, the centre conducted a search for a fashion blogger to represent them on social media.

On 31 August 2013, the centre closed to allow for a redevelopment of the tired retail space to commence. Broadway on the Mall was expected to reopen in mid-to-late 2014 as "170 Queen Street", but due to construction delays and torrential rain, the project has been delayed.

Queen Street Mall
27°28′10.56″S 153°01′30.72″E﻿ / ﻿27.4696000°S 153.0252000°E﻿ / -27.4696000; 153.0252000

The Queen Street Mall is a pedestrian mall located on Queen Street in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The mall extends approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft) from George Street to Edward Street, and has more than 700 retailers over 40,000 square metres (430,000 sq ft) of retail space, which includes six major shopping centres. It was intended to bring more people into the central business district.

The mall was designed by Robin Gibson and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1982. It has been refurbished and extended a number of times. It features several shopping centres, as well as pedestrian shade structures and an entertainment stage. The mall sits above the underground Queen Street bus station.
Feminist separatism
Feminist separatism or separatist feminism is the theory that feminist opposition to patriarchy can be achieved through women's sex segregation from men. Much of the theorising is based on lesbian feminism.

Author Marilyn Frye describes feminist separatism as "separation of various sorts or modes from men and from institutions, relationships, roles and activities that are male-defined, male-dominated, and operating for the benefit of males and the maintenance of male privilege – this separation being initiated or maintained, at will, by women."

Sarah Hoagland
Sarah Lucia Hoagland (born 4 June 1945 in Denver, Colorado) is the Bernard Brommel Distinguished Research Professor and Professor Emerita of Philosophy and Women's Studies at Northeastern Illinois University in Chicago.
MuCommander
muCommander is an open-source, cross-platform file manager that runs on operating systems supporting Java 11 or later. It has a Norton Commander style, and a dual-pane interface to allow manipulation of files via keyboard shortcuts. Pre-compiled builds are available for macOS, Microsoft Windows, Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, and OpenVMS. It is based on GNU Midnight Commander, but has a GUI compared to Midnight Commander.

Norton Commander
Norton Commander (NC) is a discontinued prototypical orthodox file manager (OFM), written by John Socha and released by Peter Norton Computing (later acquired in 1990 by the Symantec corporation). NC provides a text-based user interface for managing files on top of MS-DOS. It was officially produced between 1986 and 1998. The last MS-DOS version of Norton Commander, 5.51, was released on July 1, 1998.

A related product, Norton Desktop, a graphical shell for MS-DOS and Windows, succeeded Norton Commander. It came in two variants, Norton Desktop for DOS and Norton Desktop for Windows.
Naval War College Distinguished Graduate Leadership Award
The Naval War College Distinguished Graduate leadership Award was established in 1996 by the Trustees of the Naval War College Foundation to honor United States Naval War College graduates who have attained positions of prominence in the field of national security.

Naval War College Foundation
The Naval War College Foundation was established in 1969 and chartered under the tax laws of the United States as a non-profit 501(c)(3) charitable corporation in the state of Rhode Island to provide private financial support for the activities of the United States Naval War College.
Duvergé
Duvergé, also known locally as Las Damas (Spanish: "the ladies", after the local Las Damas River) is the largest city in the province of Independencia in the Dominican Republic. The first settlers of this community were the gentlemen Christopher Pérez and María del Pulgar, originating from San Juan de la Maguana.

Jimaní
Jimaní is the capital and the second largest city of the Independencia Province of the Dominican Republic. It serves as one of the two main border crossings to Haiti (with Dajabón), with a duty-free open-air marketplace operating on the border with Haiti. The town suffered damages in the flash flood of May 25, 2004, which killed many citizens during the night and washed away hundreds of homes.
Chapel-en-le-Frith railway station
Chapel-en-le-Frith railway station (formerly Chapel-en-le-Frith South) serves the Peak District town of Chapel-en-le-Frith, in Derbyshire, England. It is sited 20+1⁄2 mi (33.0 km) south-east of Manchester Piccadilly on the Buxton Line.

Chapel-en-le-Frith
Chapel-en-le-Frith (/ˌtʃæpəl ˌɒn lə ˈfrɪθ/) is a town and civil parish, in the Borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, England.

It has been dubbed the "Capital of the Peak", in reference to the Peak District, historically the highland areas between the Saxon lands (below the River Trent) and the Viking lands (which came as far south as Dore, South Yorkshire).
Avilla, Missouri
Avilla is a rural village in Jasper County, Missouri, United States. The population was 103 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. Avilla is the fourth-oldest settlement in Jasper County today, founded in 1856. It was platted and laid out for public use on July 23, 1858, by Andrew L. Love and David S. Holman.

Joplin metropolitan area
The Joplin, Missouri-Kansas, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of Jasper, Newton, and  Cherokee counties in southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas anchored by the city of Joplin. The estimated 2024 population of the Joplin, MO-KS (MSA) is 207,131. As of March 2023, The U.S. Census Bureau MSA delineation report added Cherokee County, Kansas to the Joplin, MO MSA making it the Joplin, MO-KS MSA.

The Joplin–Miami, MO–KS-OK, Combined Statistical Area (CSA) includes the Miami, Oklahoma micropolitan statistical area,  As of 2024, the Joplin-Miami (CSA) estimated population is 237,535.
San Jerónimo, Baja Verapaz
San Jerónimo (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ xeˈɾonimo]) is a town and municipality in the Baja Verapaz department of Guatemala. The municipality is situated at 940 metres above sea level and has a population of 25,459 (2018 census). It covers an area of 275 km². The annual festival is September 28 – September 30.

The predominant language is Spanish. There is a party and main fair held from 27 to 30 September each year, in honor of the patron Saint Jerome.

Salamá
Salamá is a city in Guatemala. It is the capital of the department of Baja Verapaz and it is situated at 940 m above sea level. The municipality of Salamá, for which the city of Salamá serves as the administrative centre, covers a total surface area of 764 km2 with a population of 65,275 inhabitants at the 2018 census.
Kars
Kars (Armenian: Կարս or Ղարս; Azerbaijani: Qars; Kurdish: Qers; Georgian: ყარსი, romanized: q'arsi; Russian: Карс) is a city in northeast Turkey. It is the seat of Kars Province and Kars District. As of 2022, its population was 91,450. Kars, in classical historiography (Strabo), was in the ancient region known as Chorzene (Greek: Χορζηνή), part of the province of Ayrarat in the Kingdom of Armenia, and later the capital of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia from 929 to 961. Currently, the mayor of Kars is Ötüken Senger. The city had an Armenian ethnic majority until it was recaptured by Turkish nationalist forces in late 1920.

Battle of Kars (1745)
The Battle of Kars (19 August 1745) was the last major engagement of the Ottoman–Persian War. The battle resulted in the complete and utter destruction of the Ottoman army. It was also the last of the great military triumphs of Nader Shah. The battle was in fact fought over a period of ten days in which the first day saw the Ottomans routed from the field, followed by a series of subsequent blockades and pursuits until the final destruction of the Ottoman army. The severity of the defeat, in conjunction with another defeat near Mosul, ended any hopes of Ottoman victory and forced them to enter into negotiations with a significantly weaker position than they would otherwise have occupied.
Tucker's lemma
In mathematics, Tucker's lemma is a combinatorial analog of the Borsuk–Ulam theorem, named after Albert W. Tucker.

Let T be a triangulation of the closed n-dimensional ball . Assume T is antipodally symmetric on the boundary sphere . That means that the subset of simplices of T which are in  provides a triangulation of  where if σ is a simplex then so is −σ.
Let  be a labeling of the vertices of T which is an odd function on , i.e.,  for every vertex .
Then Tucker's lemma states that T contains a complementary edge - an edge (a 1-simplex) whose vertices are labelled by the same number but with opposite signs.

Borsuk–Ulam theorem
Informally, the Borsuk–Ulam theorem states that, for a "balloon animal" (or any arbitrarily distorted shape) made out of a spherical balloon, and then squashed into a plane (letting the air out somehow), at least one pair of points that were opposite each other on the original sphere will be squashed onto the same point of the plane.
Pedro Ruiz de Villegas II
Pedro Ruiz de Villegas y Cevallos II (b. Burgos, c. 1304 – Medina del Campo, 1355) was a Spanish noble baron in the service of the Kingdom of Castile and a member of the Order of Santiago. He was the head of the House of Villegas and a descendant of the houses of Cevallos and of Lucio. As the majorat of his own heraldic crest, he received titles over Villegas, Manquillos, Castillo Pedroso, Moñux, Pedrosa del Páramo, Manciles, Valdegómez and the palace of Sasamón.  For his service in the First Castilian Civil War,  and his role in the destruction of the Blanche of Bourbon league he received the castle of Caracena, and was named high adelantado of Castile in 1354.  A year later, Peter of Castile would execute him in the village of Medina del Campo.

Garci Lasso de la Vega I
Garci Lasso de la Vega I, also known as "el Viejo" (d. 1328, Soria) was a Spanish noble in the service of King Alfonso XI of Castile.  He was the chancellor of the Kingdom of Castile, an adelantado of the king. He later became the chief justice of the king and gained vast properties in Asturias de Santillana and feudal land tenures and vassal towns in more than fifteen areas throughout Castile. He went to Soria in 1328 to recruit allies against infante Don Juan Manuel who had been consistently violating the king's territories. The Spanish nobles of Soria assaulted him with crossbows, driving de la Vega to seek cover at the Convent of San Francisco where he was eventually killed. Alfonso XI punished all those responsible, ordering their execution.
San Bruno station (BART)
San Bruno station is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station located adjacent to the Tanforan shopping center in San Bruno, California. It consists of two main tracks and a shared underground island platform. Service at the station began on June 22, 2003 as part of the BART San Mateo County Extension project that extended BART service southward from Colma to Millbrae and San Francisco International Airport. The station is served by the Red and Yellow lines.

The Shops at Tanforan
The Shops at Tanforan is a regional shopping mall in San Bruno, California, United States. It is located on the San Francisco Peninsula, 10 miles (16 km) south of San Francisco city limits.

The site was originally used as a horse racing track from 1899 until 1964, when the grandstand was destroyed by fire. During World War II the track was used as the Tanforan Assembly Center where Japanese American citizens, primarily from the San Francisco Bay Area, were interned until more permanent War Relocation Centers were opened. A shopping mall was built on the site and opened in 1971. The mall underwent a 3-year renovation, and reopened in 2005. In 2022, Alexandria Real Estate completed its acquisition of the site and announced the mall would be demolished and replaced with a biotech campus.
Daniel Kleinman
Daniel Kleinman (born 23 December 1955) is a British television commercial and music video director who has designed every title sequence for the James Bond series of films since GoldenEye (1995), with the exception of Quantum of Solace (2008) (which was designed by the filmmaking and design collective MK12). He returned to design the titles for Skyfall (2012), Spectre (2015), and No Time to Die (2021).

Maurice Binder
Maurice Binder (December 4, 1925 – April 9, 1991) was an American film title designer best known for his work on 16 James Bond films, including the first, Dr. No (1962), and for Stanley Donen's films from 1958.
Val Whiting
Valeria Olivia Whiting (born April 9, 1972) (also known as Val Whiting-Raymond) is an American former collegiate and professional basketball player. She played center for the Stanford Cardinal women's basketball during her four years of pre-med study at Stanford. Among other collegiate honors, she was named Pac-10 Women's Basketball Player of the Year two years in a row. She also played for several USA National teams as well as professional women's basketball teams.

Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame
The Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame was founded in 1976. Al Cartwright, who helped found it, was its first president and was inducted to its hall of fame in 1980. The current museum building was constructed in 1993.

The Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame is a member of the International Sports Heritage Association.

The Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame contains the Izzy Katzman Sports Library, named after a 1993 inductee.
George Temple-Poole
George Thomas Temple-Poole (born George Thomas Temple, 29 May 1856 – 27 February 1934) was a British architect and public servant, primarily known for his work in Western Australia from 1885.

As Superintendent of Public Works, and then Principal Architect, Western Australia, in a period of rapid urban development during the Australian gold boom, he made notable contributions to Australian architecture and town planning prior to federation. His designs for public space and buildings are often identified and preserved by local councils and heritage registers. He also held roles relating to town planning, commerce, the arts, and 'society' of Western Australia. His founding and chairing of committees and institutions included; the Western Australian Institute of Architects (later merged to the Australian Institute of Architects), Perth Park (Kings Park Board), and the Wilgie Sketching Society.

York, Western Australia
York is the oldest inland town in Western Australia, situated on the Avon River, 98 kilometres (61 mi) east of Perth in the Wheatbelt, on Ballardong Nyoongar land, and is the seat of the Shire of York.

The name of the region was suggested by JS Clarkson during an expedition in October 1830 because of its similarity to his own county in England, Yorkshire.

After thousands of years of occupation by Ballardong Nyoongar people, the area was first settled by Europeans in 1831, two years after Perth was settled in 1829. A town was established in 1835 with the release of town allotments and the first buildings were erected in 1836.

The region was important throughout the 19th century for sheep and grain farming, sandalwood, cattle, goats, pigs and horse breeding.

York boomed during the gold rush as it was one of the last rail stops before the walk to the goldfields.

Today, the town attracts tourists for its beauty, history, buildings, festivals and art.
Samnanger Municipality
Samnanger (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɑ̂mnɑŋər]) is a municipality in the Midhordland region of Vestland county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tysse. Other main villages in the municipality include Haga, Bjørkheim, and Ådland. The municipality is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the city of Bergen, Norway's second largest city. It surrounds the inner part of the Samnangerfjorden and the surrounding valleys. There are mountains that surround the municipality. The development of hydroelectric power plants started here in 1909.

The 269.06-square-kilometre (103.88 sq mi) municipality is the 274th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Samnanger Municipality is the 257th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,491. The municipality's population density is 9.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (24/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.7% over the previous 10-year period.

Haga, Vestland
Haga is a village in Samnanger Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located the northeastern end of the Samnangerfjorden. It is located east of the village of Ådland, across the fjord. The municipal centre of Tysse lies immediately south of Haga, and it is considered part of the "urban area" of Haga. Haga Church was built in the centre of the village in 1995.

The 0.9-square-kilometre (220-acre) village area (including Tysse) has a population (2025) of 1,074 and a population density of 1,193 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,090/sq mi).