hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Racetrack memory
Racetrack memory or domain-wall memory (DWM) is an experimental non-volatile memory device under development at IBM's Almaden Research Center by a team led by physicist Stuart Parkin. It is a current topic of active research at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Dr. Parkin's group.  In early 2008, a 3-bit version was successfully demonstrated. If it were to be developed successfully, racetrack memory would offer storage density higher than comparable solid-state memory devices like flash memory.

Stuart Parkin
Stuart Stephen Papworth Parkin (born 9 December 1955) is an experimental physicist, Managing Director at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle and an Alexander von Humboldt Professor at the Institute of Physics of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg.

He is a pioneer in the science and application of spintronic materials, and has made discoveries into the behaviour of thin-film magnetic structures that were critical in enabling recent increases in the data density and capacity of computer hard-disk drives. For these discoveries, he was awarded the 2014 Millennium Technology Prize.

Before his current position, Parkin was an IBM Fellow and manager of the magnetoelectronics group at the IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California. He was also a consulting professor in the department of applied physics at Stanford University and director of the IBM-Stanford Spintronic Science and Applications Center, which was formed in 2004.
San Rafael Swell
The San Rafael Swell is a large geologic feature located in south-central Utah, United States about 16 miles (26 km) west of Green River. Measuring approximately 75 by 40 miles (121 by 64 km), the swell consists of a giant dome-shaped anticline of sandstone, shale, and limestone that was pushed up during the Paleocene Laramide Orogeny 40–60 million years ago. Since that time, infrequent but powerful flash floods have eroded the sedimentary rocks into numerous valleys, canyons, gorges, mesas, buttes, and badlands.

The swell is part of the Colorado Plateau physiographic region.

Hanksville, Utah
Hanksville is a small town in Wayne County, Utah, United States, at the junction of State Routes 24 and 95. The population was 158 at the 2020 census.

Situated in the Colorado Plateau's cold desert ecological region, the town is just south of the confluence of the Fremont River and Muddy Creek, which together form the Dirty Devil River, which then flows southeast to the Colorado River. The Hanksville-Burpee Quarry is located nearby, and the Mars Desert Research Station is 7 miles (11 km) northwest of town. The Bureau of Land Management's Henry Mountains field station is located in Hanksville.
Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.

Unincorporated Far West Area
The Unincorporated Far West Area is an unincorporated area in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is one of only two areas in New South Wales that are not part of any local government area (the other is Lord Howe Island). The region includes several small towns including Tibooburra, Milparinka and Silverton. Silverton and Tibooburra have non-government village committees. The region includes some parts of Broken Hill, but not the city centre, which is in the separate City of Broken Hill local government area. It is the only local government area in Australia to have two time zones.

The region has an area of 93,299 square kilometres (36,023 sq mi) which is slightly larger than Hungary and smaller than South Korea.
French Colonial Historic District
The French Colonial Historic District is a historic district that encompasses a major region of 18th-century French colonization in southwestern Illinois. The district is anchored by Fort de Chartres and Fort Kaskaskia, two important French settlements and military posts in what was then the Illinois Country. The Kaskaskia village site is also included within the district; it includes the Pierre Menard House, the only surviving building from Illinois' first state capital. Over a dozen French houses in Prairie du Rocher are also part of the district, including the poteaux-sur-sol Creole House and the 1735 Meilliere House. In addition to the French sites, the district also includes several Native American archaeological sites, such as the Modoc Rock Shelter, the Kolmer Site, the Waterman Site, and the Henke Site.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 3, 1974.

Kolmer Site
The Kolmer Site is an archaeological site in the far southwest of the U.S. state of Illinois.  Located near Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher in western Randolph County, it lies at the site of an early historic Indian village from the French period.  Because it occupies a critical chronological and cultural position, it has been given national recognition as a historic site.
1999 Ellesmere Port and Neston Borough Council election
Elections to Ellesmere Port and Neston Borough Council were held on 6 May 1999. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 1998 increasing the number of seats by 3. The Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.

Ellesmere Port and Neston
53°16′34″N 2°58′08″W﻿ / ﻿53.276°N 2.969°W﻿ / 53.276; -2.969

Ellesmere Port and Neston was, from 1974 to 2009, a local government district with borough status in Cheshire, England. It covered the southern part of the Wirral Peninsula, namely that part which is not included in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral.

The district had a population of about 81,800 (2006 estimate). The main towns were Ellesmere Port and Neston as well as the village of Parkgate. It also included a number of villages such as Great Sutton and Willaston.
Gera (woreda)
Gera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former Kingdom of Gera, whose territory was approximately the same as the modern woreda. Part of the Jimma Zone, Gera is bordered on the south by the Gojeb River which separates it from the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the northwest by Sigmo, on the north by Setema, on the northeast by Gomma, and on the east by Seka Chekorsa. The administrative center of this woreda is Chira; other towns in Gera include Cheriko and Dusta.

Seka Chekorsa (woreda)
Seka Chekorsa is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the administrative center, Seka Chekorsa. Part of the Jimma Zone, Seka Chekorsa is bordered on the south by the Gojeb River which separates it from the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the west by Gera, on the northwest by Gomma, on the north by Mana, on the northeast by Kersa, and on the east by Dedo. Villages include Bedadi. Shebe Senbo woreda was part of Seka Chekorsa woreda.
Paris meridian
The Paris meridian is a meridian line running through the Paris Observatory in Paris, France – now longitude 2°20′14.02500″ East. It was a long-standing rival to the Greenwich meridian as the prime meridian of the world. The "Paris meridian arc" or "French meridian arc" (French: la Méridienne de France) is the name of the meridian arc measured along the Paris meridian.

The French meridian arc was important for French cartography, since the triangulations of France began with the measurement of the French meridian arc. Moreover, the French meridian arc was important for geodesy as it was one of the meridian arcs which were measured to determine the figure of the Earth via the arc measurement method. The determination of the figure of the Earth was a problem of the highest importance in astronomy, as the diameter of the Earth was the unit to which all celestial distances had to be referred.

French Geodesic Mission to the Equator
The French Geodesic Mission to the Equator (French: Expédition géodésique française en Équateur), also called the French Geodesic Mission to Peru and the Spanish-French Geodesic Mission, was an 18th-century expedition to what is now Ecuador carried out for the purpose of performing an arc measurement, measuring the length of a degree of latitude near the Equator, by which the Earth's radius can be inferred. The mission was one of the first geodesic (or geodetic) missions carried out under modern scientific principles, and the first major international scientific expedition.
Durgan
50°06′14″N 5°06′50″W﻿ / ﻿50.104°N 5.114°W﻿ / 50.104; -5.114

Durgan (Cornish: Dowrgeun, meaning otters, lit. Dowr water and ceun dogs) is a hamlet in the parish of Mawnan, south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is beside the Helford River four miles (6 km) south of Falmouth. The hamlet consists of fifteen residential properties, seven owned by the National Trust, and has a permanent population of just 9 (2024). The majority of the properties are second homes or holiday lets. Durgan has a beach popular with boaters, swimmers and holiday makers. Only vehicles belonging to residents or those staying in holiday lets are permitted in the village as the roads are narrow and parking is unavailable.

Durgan is known for boating on the Helford River and the Fal estuary and hosts a regatta on the last Sunday in August each year. It was the home port of Captain George Vancouver.

Glendurgan Garden, a National Trust property, is located in Durgan.

Mawnan
Mawnan (Cornish: Maunan, meaning St Maunan) is a village and civil parish in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the former administrative district of Kerrier and is bounded to the south by the Helford River, to the east by the sea, and to the west by Constantine parish. The population was 1,454 in the 2001 census, rising slightly to 1,476 at the 2011 census. The church town of the parish is Mawnan Church, also known simply as Mawnan, and the only large village in the parish is Mawnan Smith, approximately three miles south of Falmouth.
Andong Song
Andong "Misha" Song (Chinese: 宋安東; born January 31, 1997) is a Chinese former ice hockey player. Song is notable for being the first Mainland Chinese-born hockey player to be drafted in the National Hockey League (NHL). Song was drafted in the sixth round, 172nd overall in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Islanders. Further Chinese-born players selected in the NHL Draft include Kevin He in 2024 and Haoxi Wang in 2025.

Kevin He
Kevin Hongtian He (born April 30, 2006) is a Chinese-born Canadian ice hockey left wing of the Flint Firebirds of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). The Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL) selected He with the 109th overall pick in the 2024 NHL entry draft. In 2024, He became the first Chinese-born ice hockey player to sign an NHL contract.
Chloroperla
Chloroperla is a genus of European stone-flies, erected by Edward Newman in 1836; it is the type genus of family Chloroperlidae, subfamily Chloroperlinae and tribe Chloroperlini Okamoto, 1912.  Species are distributed in western Palaearctic freshwater habitats: especially Europe and including the British Isles.

Chloroperlidae
Chloroperlidae are a family of stoneflies, commonly known as green stoneflies, with more than 200 species and 22 genera. They appear green to yellow in colour, and are popularly used among fisherman as bait for trout fishing. Green stoneflies live in the benthic zone of the cold streams and rivers of five continents and four zoogeographical regions, emerging from the water to live in the riparian zone as adults. They are sensitive to pollutants, making them an indicator species for determining the quality of water bodies. Chloroperlidae are hemimetabolous, having no pupal stage, but instead hatch from eggs as nymphs and mature directly into adults. They are omnivorous, feeding on small organisms and plant particles, and become more carnivorous as they mature. The classification of Chloroperlidae is contested, with some believing that they should be considered as members of different orders, as opposed to the order Plecoptera that they currently belong to.
W. Haywood Burns
William Haywood Burns (June 15, 1940 – April 2, 1996) was an American jurist, lawyer, author, professor, civil rights activist, the second dean of the City University of New York Law School (he served from 1987 until 1994) and a Civil Rights Movement leader.

CUNY School of Law
The City University of New York School of Law (CUNY School of Law, pronounced /ˈkjuːni/, KYOO-nee) is a public law school in New York City. It was founded in 1983 as part of the City University of New York and is the only publicly funded law school in the city. CUNY Law's dual mission is "to recruit and train outstanding public interest lawyers" and to "diversify the legal profession."

CUNY Law's curriculum is centered around integrating clinical teaching methods within traditional legal studies. The curriculum is unique among law schools in its emphasis on civil rights law, indigent defense, and using the law to challenge systemic inequalities.

For the class of 2022, 63.83% obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment within nine months after graduation including 48.12% employed in public-interest law.
Pljeskavica
Pljeskavica (Serbian Cyrillic: пљескавица, pronounced [pʎɛ̂skaʋitsa], Romanian: plescavița) is a Serbian grilled dish consisting of a mixture of spiced minced pork, beef and lamb meat. It is one of the national dishes of Serbia as well as being popular in the neighbouring countries, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Montenegro. Pljeskavica is also popular street food in countries of the Central and Eastern Europe, including Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, and Slovenia.

Pljeskavica is a main course served with onions, kajmak (milk cream), beans, sometimes ajvar (relish), and urnebes (spicy cheese salad), either on the plate with side dishes, or with lepinja (flatbread, as a type of hamburger).

Kaymak
Kaymak, sarshir, or qashta/ashta (Persian: سَرشیر saršir; Arabic: قشطة qeshta or قيمر geymar; Turkish: kaymak) is a creamy dairy food similar to clotted cream, made from the milk of water buffalo, cows, sheep, or goats in Central Asia, some Balkan countries, some Caucasus countries, the Levant, Turkic regions, Iran and Iraq.

The traditional method of making kaymak is to boil the raw milk slowly, then simmer it for two hours over a very low heat. After the heat source is shut off, the cream is skimmed and left to chill (and mildly ferment) for several hours or days. Kaymak has a high percentage of milk fat, typically about 60%. It has a thick, creamy consistency (not entirely compact, because of milk protein fibers) and a rich taste.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Killala
The Diocese of Killala (Irish: Deoise Chill Ala) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Connacht; the western province of Ireland. It is in the Metropolitan Province of Tuam and is subject to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tuam. As of 2024, the seat of the Diocese is “Sede Vacante” meaning there is no current permanent Bishop appointed for this Diocese

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuam
The Archdiocese of Tuam (/ˈtjuːəm/ TEW-əm; Irish: Ard-Deoise Thuama) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church  located in western Ireland. The archdiocese is led by the Archbishop of Tuam, who serves as pastor of the mother church, the Cathedral of the Assumption and Metropolitan of the Metropolitan Province of Tuam. According to tradition, the "Diocese of Tuam" was established in the 6th century by St. Jarlath. The ecclesiastical province, roughly co-extensive with the secular province of Connacht, was created in 1152 by the Synod of Kells.

The incumbent Ordinary is Francis Duffy.
Román Baldorioty de Castro
Román Baldorioty de Castro (23 February 1822 – 30 September 1889)  was a leading Puerto Rican  abolitionist and spokesman for the right to self-determination of Puerto Rico. In 1870, he was elected as a deputy in the Cortes Generales, the Spanish parliament, where he promoted abolition of slavery. In 1887, Baldorioty de Castro was the founder of the Partido Autonomista (Autonomist Party), also known as "Partido Autonomista Puro" (Pure Autonomous Party), "Partido Histórico" (Historic Party), and "Partido Ortodoxo" (Orthodox Party).

Puerto Rico Highway 26
Puerto Rico Highway 26 (PR-26), called the Román Baldorioty de Castro Expressway, is the main highway to the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport and is connected to PR-66. It was converted to a freeway to minimize the traffic in PR-3 and PR-17, to grant better access to the Airport. Several exits exist to provide access to PR-187 (the main route to the Piñones area), PR-37 (Isla Verde) and PR-22 (José de Diego). PR-26 is 15.1 km (9.4 mi) long.

San Antonio Bridge in PR-26

PR-26 in Condado

Román Baldorioty de Castro Statue in PR-26

PR-26 in Isla Verde

Puerto Rico Highway 26 in Isla Verde
Lake Butler, Orange County, Florida
Lake Butler is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated area, completely surrounding the town of Windermere, in Orange County, Florida, United States. The population was 15,400 at the 2010 census, up from 7,062 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Lake Butler CDP contains the communities of Isleworth and Summerport Beach.

Greater Orlando
The Orlando metropolitan area (officially, for U.S. census purposes, the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida metropolitan statistical area, MSA) is an inland metropolitan area in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. Its principal cities are Orlando, Kissimmee, and Sanford. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines it as consisting of the counties of Lake, Orange (including Orlando), Osceola, and Seminole.

According to the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Greater Orlando is 2,673,376, an increase of nearly 540,000 new residents between 2010 and 2020.

By population, it is the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida, the seventh-largest in the Southeastern United States, and the 22nd-largest in the United States. The MSA encompasses 4,012 square miles (10,400 km2) of total area (both land and water areas).
Campodenno
Campodenno (Ciamdadén or Campodén in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,454 and an area of 25.4 square kilometres (9.8 mi2).

It includes the following frazioni (neighborhoods): Dercolo (Dercol), Lover, Quetta (Chèta), and Termon.

Campodenno borders the following municipalities: Tuenno, Denno, Ton, Sporminore, and Spormaggiore.

Spormaggiore
Spormaggiore (Sporgrànt or Spór in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Trento. As of October 2011, it had a population of 1,259 and an area of 30.2 square kilometres (11.7 mi2).

Spormaggiore borders the following municipalities: Tuenno, Ton, Campodenno, Sporminore, Mezzolombardo, Fai della Paganella, Cavedago and Molveno.
HSL 2
The HSL 2 (Dutch: Hogesnelheidslijn 2, English: High-Speed Line 2) is a  Belgian high-speed rail line between Leuven and Ans (near Liège) and is 66.2 km (41 mi) long, all of it on dedicated high-speed tracks, which began service on 15 December 2002. As part of the Belgian railway network, it is owned, technically operated and maintained by Infrabel.

Since the extension to the German border was completed (the HSL 3), the fastest journey time between Brussels South and Cologne Central Station is 1 hour and 47 minutes. HSL 2 is used by Eurostar (previously Thalys) and ICE trains as well as fast internal Belgian Railways InterCity services.

Liège-Guillemins railway station
Liège-Guillemins railway station (French: Gare de Liège-Guillemins; Dutch: Station Luik-Guillemins) is the main station in Liège, Belgium. It is one of the most important hubs in the country and is one of the four Belgian stations on the high-speed rail network. The station is used by 15,000 people every day, which makes it the eleventh-busiest station in Belgium and the third in Wallonia. It is operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (SNCB/NMBS).
Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, New Delhi
Gandharva Mahavidyalaya New Delhi is an institution established in 1939 to popularize Indian classical music and dance. The Mahavidyalaya (school) came into being to perpetuate the memory of Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar, the great reviver of Hindustani classical music, and to keep up the ideals set down by him. The first Gandharva Mahavidyalaya was established by him on 5 May 1901 at Lahore. The New Delhi school follows the syllabi set by the Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal.

Gwalior gharana
The Gwalior Gharana (Gwalior School of Classical Music) is the oldest and most influential Khyal Gharana in Indian Classical Music worldwide. The Gwalior Gharana is known as the "Gangotri" (origin) of Khyal raga and is considered the most ancient school of Hindustani classical music. Other gharanas follow the lineage of the Gwalior Gharana.

The rise of the Gwalior Gharana started in the 16th century with the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar (1542–1605).

The famous singers of this patron of the arts were Tansen and Baiju Bawra. Miyan Tansen, who was the most famous vocalist at the court of Akbar, came from the historic city of Gwalior.
Peconic Bay
The Peconic Bay is the parent name for two bays (Great Peconic Bay and Little Peconic Bay) between the North Fork and South Fork of Long Island in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is separated from Gardiners Bay by Shelter Island.

South Fork (Long Island)
The South Fork of Suffolk County, New York is a peninsula in the southeastern section of the county on the South Shore of Long Island. The South Fork includes most of the Hamptons. The shorter, more northerly peninsula is known as the North Fork.
Euphemia Lamb
Euphemia Lamb (née Annie Euphemia Forrest; 1887 – 1957)  was an English artists' model and the wife of painter Henry Lamb. She modelled for Augustus John and Jacob Epstein and came to exemplify the sexual freedom of the bohemian lifestyle of the early twentieth century.

Henry Lamb called her Euphemia, by which name she was generally known. John Maynard Keynes commented that Euphemia had more of a sex life "than the rest of us put together". She was one of the lovers of the occultist Aleister Crowley.

Lilian Shelley
Lilian Shelley (born Lilian Milsom 1892, died after 1933) was an artists' model, music hall entertainer, and cabaret singer in London in the 1910s and 1920s, known as "The Bug" or "The Pocket Edition". She posed for Jacob Epstein and Augustus John.

John's portrait of Shelley was described as one of the "star turns" in an exhibition Pictures of Women at the Wildenstein Galleries, London, in 1940.