hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Priekuļi Municipality
Priekuļi Municipality (Latvian: Priekuļu novads) is a former municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Liepa Parish, Mārsnēni Parish, Priekuļi Parish and Veselava Parish, the administrative centre being Priekuļi. As of 2020, the population was 7,556.

On 1 July 2021, Priekuļi Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Cēsis Municipality.

Cēsis Municipality
Cēsis Municipality (Latvian: Cēsu novads) is a municipality in Vidzeme region of Latvia. The town of Cēsis is the administrative centre of the municipality. As of 2021, the region had a population of 41,161 inhabitants, making it the sixth most populated of the 36 municipalities in the country. The municipality was established during the administrative reform in 2009 and was expanded further in 2021. It consists of the town of Cēsis and 21 parishes.
Montalbano Elicona
Montalbano Elicona (Sicilian: Muntarbanu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Palermo and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Messina on the Nebrodi mountains at the border with the Peloritani range. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

It is  mainly known for the castle built in 1233 by the Emperor Frederick II, the medieval architecture of its streets, the megaliths of Argimusco, and the natural wood of Malabotta.

Montalbano Elicona borders the following municipalities: Basicò, Falcone, Floresta, Francavilla di Sicilia, Librizzi, Malvagna, Oliveri, Patti, Raccuja, Roccella Valdemone, San Piero Patti, Santa Domenica Vittoria, Tripi.

Falcone, Sicily
Falcone (Sicilian: Falcuni) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Palermo and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Messina.

As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,927 and an area of 9.3 square kilometres (3.6 sq mi).
Public transport security
Public transport security refers to measures taken by a mass transit system to keep its passengers and employees safe, to protect the carrier's equipment, and to make sure other violations do not occur. This includes the enforcement of various rules and regulations, human and video surveillance, the deployment of a transit police force, and other techniques.

Public transport security has become a major issue around the world since the September 11 attacks, and especially the 2004 Madrid train bombings.

In the United States, the FBI at times has put the nation's mass transit systems on high alert, and the U.S. Congress has reconsidered cuts in funding following attacks in other parts of the world.. Grants have been given in order to improve security to mass transit systems in the United States, while in the United Kingdom, public transport, due to its "open nature", is considered a major potential target for terrorists.

Transit police
Transit police (also known as transport police, railway police, railroad police and several other terms) are specialized police agencies employed either by a common carrier, such as a transit district, railway, railroad, bus line, or another mass transit provider or  municipality, county, district, or state.

Transit law enforcement services may also be provided by a specialized unit within a larger local law enforcement agency. Their mandate is generally to prevent and investigate all crime committed against the carrier or its passengers and crime incidentally committed on or around the carrier's property.
Baron Stafford
Baron Stafford, referring to the town of Stafford, is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of England. In the 14th century, the barons of the first creation were made earls. Those of the fifth creation, in the 17th century, became first viscounts and then earls. Since 1913, the title has been held by the Fitzherbert family.

Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham (4 September 1455 – 2 November 1483), was an English nobleman known as the namesake of Buckingham's rebellion, a failed but significant collection of uprisings in England and parts of Wales against Richard III of England in October 1483. He was executed without trial for his role in the uprisings. Stafford is also one of the primary suspects in the disappearance (and presumed murder) of Richard's nephews, the Princes in the Tower.
China Hong Kong City
China Hong Kong City (Chinese: 中港城; Jyutping: zung1 gong2 seng4; pinyin: Zhōng Gǎng Chéng) is a commercial complex that includes five office towers, a shopping centre, a hotel and a ferry terminal in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The complex opened in 1988 on land formerly occupied in part by the Royal Naval Dockyard (subsequently Government Dockyard) and the Sea Terminus (demolished 1969). It is situated along Canton Road, next to The Gateway and the Tsim Sha Tsui Fire Station. The complex is managed by the Sino Group.

According to its Chinese website, it is the largest building in the world with a gold-coloured facade.

Tsim Sha Tsui Fire Station
Tsim Sha Tsui Fire Station is a fire station in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong.  The station stands at the Canton Road, adjacent to China Hong Kong City.  The front door of the station was styled with old style fire alarm lights and guarded by a pair of lion statues.  The site was once a Royal Navy torpedo depot.
Paper War of 1752–1753
In 1752, Henry Fielding started a "paper war", a long-term dispute with constant publication of pamphlets attacking other writers, between the various authors on London's Grub Street. Although it began as a dispute between Fielding and John Hill, other authors, such as Christopher Smart, Bonnell Thornton, William Kenrick, Arthur Murphy and Tobias Smollett, were soon dedicating their works to aid various sides of the conflict.

The dispute lasted until 1753 and involved many of London's periodicals. It eventually resulted in countless essays, poems, and even a series of mock epic poems starting with Smart's The Hilliad. Although it is unknown what actually started the dispute, it resulted in a divide of authors who either supported Fielding or supported Hill, and few in between.

Henry Fielding
Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 – 8 October 1754) was an English writer and judge known for the use of humour and satire in his works. His famous novels include Shamela (1741), Joseph Andrews (1742), The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749) and Amelia (1751). Along with Samuel Richardson, Fielding is seen as the founder of the traditional English novel. As well as being a novelist, Fielding was also a playwright, known for his satirical comedies The Author's Farce (1730), Tom Thumb (1730), The Letter Writers (1731) and The Tragedy of Tragedies (1731). He also played an important role in the history of law enforcement in the United Kingdom, using his authority as a magistrate to found the Bow Street Runners, London's first professional police force.
Élie Cartan
Élie Joseph Cartan ForMemRS (French: [kaʁtɑ̃]; 9 April 1869 – 6 May 1951) was an influential French mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups, differential systems (coordinate-free geometric formulation of PDEs), and differential geometry. He also made significant contributions to general relativity and indirectly to quantum mechanics.   He is widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century.

His son Henri Cartan was an influential mathematician working in algebraic topology.

Pseudogroup
In mathematics, a pseudogroup is a set of homeomorphisms between open sets of a space, satisfying group-like and sheaf-like properties. It is a generalisation of the concept of a transformation group, originating however from the geometric approach of Sophus Lie to investigate symmetries of differential equations, rather than out of abstract algebra (such as quasigroup, for example). The modern theory of pseudogroups was developed by Élie Cartan in the early 1900s.
Bob Daisley
Robert John Daisley (born 13 February 1950) is an Australian musician and songwriter. A bassist, he is perhaps best known for his intermittent relationship with vocalist Ozzy Osbourne, for whom he contributed bass guitar, co-production and songwriting throughout the 1980s. Daisley has also worked with prominent rock acts including Black Sabbath, Rainbow, Gary Moore, Chicken Shack and Uriah Heep, among others. In 2013, he published his autobiography entitled For Facts Sake.

Takara (band)
Takara was an American rock band, formed in 1987 in Los Angeles, California. Takara recorded 5 studio albums for several different record labels in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. Founding member and lead guitarist Neal Grusky, and bassist Carl Demarco remained permanent fixtures in the band since its early days.
Place Charles de Gaulle
The Place Charles de Gaulle (French: [plas ʃaʁl(ə) də ɡol]), historically known as the Place de l'Étoile (French: [plas d(ə) letwal]), is a large road junction in Paris, France, the meeting point of twelve straight avenues (hence its historic name, which translates as "Square of the Star") including the Champs-Élysées. It was renamed in 1970, following the death of former President Charles de Gaulle. It is still often referred to by its original name; the nearby Métro and RER station retains the designation Charles de Gaulle–Étoile. Paris's Axe historique ("historical axis") cuts through the Arc de Triomphe, which stands at the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle.

Avenue de Wagram
The Avenue de Wagram is a street in the 8th and 17th arrondissements of Paris, extending from the Place de Wagram to the Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly Place de l'Étoile, and the site of the Arc de Triomphe). It is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) long and 36 metres (118 ft) wide, and is divided into two sections by the Place des Ternes. It was renamed on 2 March 1864 after Napoleon's 1809 victory at the Battle of Wagram; the section between the Avenue des Ternes and the Place de l'Étoile was formerly known as the Boulevard de l'Étoile or Boulevard de Bezons and the section between the Avenue des Ternes and the Place de Wagram, as Route départementale n°6.
Cethlenn
In Irish mythology, Caitlín (Old Irish: Cethlenn, Cethleann, Ceithlenn, Ceithlionn) was the wife of Balor of the Fomorians and, by him, the mother of Ethniu. She was also a prophetess and warned Balor of his impending defeat by the Tuatha Dé Danann in the second battle of Magh Tuiredh. During that battle she wounded the Dagda with a projectile weapon. She was also known by the nickname Cethlenn of the Crooked Teeth.

Balor
In Irish mythology, Balor or Balar was a leader of the Fomorians, a group of malevolent supernatural beings, and considered the most formidable. He is often described as a giant with a large eye that wreaks destruction when opened. Balor takes part in the Battle of Mag Tuired, and is primarily known from the tale in which he is killed by his grandson Lugh of the Tuatha Dé Danann, son of Cian. He has been interpreted as a personification of the scorching sun, and has also been likened to figures from other mythologies, such as the Welsh Ysbaddaden and the Greek Cyclops.
Alagna
Alagna (Lombard: Lagna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 876 and an area of 8.6 square kilometres (3.3 sq mi).

Alagna borders the following municipalities: Dorno, Garlasco, Tromello, Valeggio.

Valeggio, Lombardy
Valeggio (Italian pronunciation: [vaˈleddʒo]) is a commune in the Province of Pavia, region of Lombardy, Italy, located about 40 km southwest of Milan and about 25 km west of Pavia.

Valeggio borders the following municipalities: Alagna, Dorno, Ferrera Erbognone, Ottobiano, Scaldasole, Tromello. In medieval times, it was a fief of the monastery of San Salvatore at Pavia. Later it was under several noble families from the area, until it became part of the Duchy of Savoy in 1713. In 1859 it became part of the province of Pavia as part of the newly unified Kingdom of Italy.
Mohammad Montazeri
Mohammad Montazeri (Persian: محمد منتظری; 1944–28 June 1981) was an Iranian cleric and military figure. He was one of the founding members and early chiefs of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Montazeri was assassinated in a bombing in Tehran on 28 June 1981.

People's Revolutionary Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran
People's Revolutionary Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: سازمان انقلابی توده‌های جمهوری اسلامی ایران, romanized: Sāzmān-e Enqelābī-e Tūde'hā-ye Jomhūrī-e Eslāmī-ye Irān) was an armed political party in Iran.

Mohammad Montazeri, son of Ayatollah Montazeri, was in charge of SATJA but after his death in 1981, Mehdi Hashemi took over the group. The major activity of the SATJA and its magazine was to promote Muammar Gaddafi and insult Mostafa Chamran, Musa al-Sadr and Amal Movement.

As of Ronen A. Cohen, the SATJA's brief presence left a long trail that is even expressed in the current sensitive political-religious situation in Lebanon.
HMS Seahorse (1748)
HMS Seahorse was a 24-gun sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy, launched in 1748. She participated in four battles off the coast of India between 1781 and 1783. The Royal Navy sold her in 1784 and she then became the mercantile Ravensworth. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1786 and 1788. In 1789, she was sold to the French East India Company which had her refitted and renamed her Citoyen. In 1793 the French Navy purchased her and used her as a frigate. She was last listed in 1801.

Horatio Nelson served as a midshipman aboard her in his early naval career.

HMS Sartine
HMS Sartine was a French merchant vessel from Bordeaux. The French Navy pressed her into service on 3 August 1778 to assist in the defense of Pondichéry. The British captured her during the Siege of Pondicherry (1778), and took her into service under her existing name. HMS Sartine foundered in action off Calicut in November 1780.
Paranan Agta language
Pahanan Agta, also called Palanan Agta, is an Aeta language of Palanan, Isabela northern Philippines. Lexically but not grammatically it is extremely close to Paranan, a non-Negrito language with a very similar name. Speaker groups of both languages were together isolated from other communities and remained in constant interaction.

Philippine Negrito languages
The Negrito peoples of the Philippines speak various Philippine languages. They have more in common with neighboring languages than with each other, and are listed here merely as an aid to identification.
Aquatic respiration
Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic organism exchanges respiratory gases with water, obtaining oxygen from oxygen dissolved in water and excreting carbon dioxide and some other metabolic waste products into the water.

Cutaneous respiration
Cutaneous respiration, or cutaneous gas exchange (sometimes called skin breathing), is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of an organism rather than gills or lungs. Cutaneous respiration may be the sole method of gas exchange, or may accompany other forms, such as ventilation. Cutaneous respiration occurs in a wide variety of organisms, including insects, amphibians, fish, sea snakes, turtles, and to a lesser extent in mammals.
Orion Telescopes & Binoculars
Orion Telescopes & Binoculars was an American retail company that sold telescopes, binoculars and accessories online and in-store for astronomy and birdwatching. It was founded in 1975 and had corporate offices in Watsonville, California. A large proportion of its products were manufactured by the Chinese company Synta for the Orion brand name. Orion Telescopes & Binoculars shipped its products to the United States and over 20 other countries. Orion put out a semi-quarterly mail-order catalog as well as email catalogs. The company was a prominent advertiser in North American astronomy magazines, such as Sky & Telescope and Astronomy.

In July 2024, Sky and Telescope magazine reported that Optronic Technologies, the owner of Orion Telescopes, had closed their facilities in California and had laid off all of their employees. As of July 15, there had been no official announcement from the company, and S&T said they were trying to get more information from their sources.

Suzhou Synta Optical Technology
Suzhou Synta Optical Technology Co., Ltd. is a Chinese company located in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, the primary manufacturing subsidiary of Synta Technology Corporation of Taiwan. It produces telescopes and astronomical equipment like mounts and eyepieces for the amateur astronomical market.
Barkston
Barkston is an English village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire. The parish population was 497 at the 2001 census and 493 at the 2011 census. The village lies about 4 miles (6 km) north of the market town of Grantham, on the A607, just south of the junction with the A153 to Ancaster.

A607 road
The A607 is an A road in England that starts in Belgrave, Leicester and heads northeastwards through Leicestershire and the town of Grantham, Lincolnshire, terminating at Bracebridge Heath, a village on the outskirts of Lincoln. It is a primary route from Thurmaston to the A1 junction at Grantham.
Johan Zoffany
Johan / Johann Joseph Zoffany RA (born Johannes Josephus Zaufallij; 13 March 1733 – 11 November 1810) was a German neoclassical painter who was active mainly in England, Italy, and India. His works appear in many prominent British collections, including the National Gallery, the Tate Gallery and the Royal Collection, as well as institutions in continental Europe, India, the United States and Australia. His name is sometimes spelled Zoffani or Zauffelij (on his grave, it is spelled Zoffanij).

St. John's Church, Kolkata
St. John's Church, originally a cathedral, was among the first public buildings erected by the East India Company after Kolkata (Calcutta) became the effective capital of British India. It is located at the North-Western corner of Raj Bhavan, and served as the Anglican Cathedral of Calcutta till 1847, when the see was transferred to St. Paul's Cathedral. Construction of the building, modelled on St Martin-in-the-Fields of London, started in 1784, with Rs 30,000 raised through a public lottery, and was completed in 1787. The land the church stands on was gifted by Maharaja Nabo Kishen Bahadur of Sobhabazar. It is the third oldest church in the city, next to the Armenian Church of the Holy Nazareth and the Old Mission Church.
Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria
The Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria (CEGD), or the Kennis- en Zorgcentrum Genderdysforie (KZcG), is a transgender clinic at Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It opened in 1975 and is one of the largest transgender clinics and research institutes in the world. Initially for adults only, from 1987 onwards, a practice dedicated to adolescents opened in Utrecht.:301 The children's clinic merged with the adult clinic in 2002, moving to Amsterdam.:301-302;

As of 2021, it has treated about 10,000 transgender people since it opened almost 50 years previously. The clinic was first headed by Louis Gooren.

Hormone therapy for transgender women was initially done using high-dose estrogen therapy with oral estrogens. Progestogens were also sometimes included. The antiandrogen and progestogen cyproterone acetate was first used in transgender women by 1977. Its use was standard at the CEGD by 1985.

VU University Medical Center
VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (Dutch: VU Medisch Centrum or VUmc) is the university hospital affiliated with the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. It is rated one of the best academic medical centers in the country in terms of patient care and research. It is located next to Amsterdam's A10 ringway in the southwestern part of the city, next to the campus of the Vrije Universiteit and close to Schiphol airport.

On 30 October 2015, researchers at the VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam reported developing a blood test that, from a single drop of blood, can diagnose cancer with a probability of 97%, and about 6-8% probability of a false diagnosis, in healthy patients. In October 2015 the VUmc got the first MRIdian system in Europe, currently the most advanced radiation therapy system to treat tumors, because the system has a built-in MRI scanner to aim the radiation optimally.
Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital
Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital (SiPH) (Thai: โรงพยาบาลศิริราช ปิยมหาราชการุณย์) is a private hospital operated by the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital of Mahidol University. It is located in Bangkok on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, adjacent to Siriraj Hospital and opposite Thammasat University (Tha Phra Chan Campus). The hospital is catered to high-income patients, similarly to Thailand's private hospitals, with one of its aims being to generate revenue for the operation of Siriraj Hospital.

Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (Thai: คณะแพทยศาสตร์ศิริราชพยาบาล) is the oldest and largest medical school and the oldest of any kind of university faculty in Thailand. The faculty is now part of Mahidol University. Founded in 1889, the faculty was run in co-operation with Siriraj Hospital, the first public hospital in Thailand, which provides students with clinical experience. The faculty's campus and hospital is in the Bangkok Noi District, Bangkok, on the former Rear Palace. The medical school accepts about 250 students for undergraduate education and more than 100 to postgraduate studies each year.
BSD/OS
BSD/OS is a proprietary Unix operating system first released in 1993 as BSD/386. It was originally developed and sold by Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDi) and designed to be a Unix for 386-based PCs. It was built off the Net/2 distribution of BSD, to which the developers had previously contributed.

Eventually the operating system was also ported to support PowerPC and SPARC architectures, and consequently was retitled to BSD/OS as of version 2.0 (1995). In 2001, BSDi sold the rights of the OS to Wind River Systems who developed and released version 5.0 in 2003 before discontinuing the product.

Berkeley Software Design
Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDI or, later, BSDi), was a software company founded in 1991 by members of the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG), known for developing and selling BSD/OS (originally known as BSD/386), a commercial and partially proprietary variant of the BSD Unix operating system for PCs.
Minsk Voivodeship
Minsk Voivodeship (Belarusian: Менскае ваяводзтва, romanized: Menskaje vajavodztva; Polish: Województwo mińskie; Lithuanian: Minsko vaivadija; Latin: Palatinatus Minscensis) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1566 and later in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1793. Centred on the city of Minsk and subordinate to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the region continued the traditions – and shared the borders – of several previously existing units of administrative division, notably a separate Duchy of Minsk, annexed by Lithuania in the 13th century. It was replaced with Minsk Governorate in 1793.

Principality of Minsk
The Principality of Minsk was an appanage principality of the Principality of Polotsk and centered on the city of Minsk (today in Belarus). It existed from its founding in 1101 until it was nominally annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1242, and then fell under de facto annexation in 1326.