hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Municipal Borough of Farnworth
The Municipal Borough of Farnworth was a local government district centred on the town of Farnworth in the administrative county of Lancashire, England. A local board of health had been established for Farnworth in 1863, which was reconstituted as an urban district in 1899, before being  granted a charter of incorporation to become a municipal borough in 1939. Following abolition of the local authority in 1974, Farnworth became an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester.

Farnworth
Farnworth is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Bolton, 4 miles south-west of Bury (7 km), and 8 miles (12.9 km) northwest of Manchester.

Within the historic county of Lancashire, Farnworth lies on the River Irwell and River Croal. At the 2011 Census, it had a population of 26,939.
Botnedalsvatn
Botnedalsvatn is a lake in Tokke Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The 3.12-square-kilometre (1.20 sq mi) lake is located in the Botnedalen valley, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the northwest of the village of Dalen. Botnedalsvatn has a dam on the southeast end of the lake which regulates the surface elevation of the lake. The lake is used as a reservoir for the nearby Byrte Hydroelectric Power Station. Water flows from this lake through a tunnel into the power plant which is located at the southern end of the nearby lake Byrtevatn.

Botnedalen
Botnedalen is a valley in Tokke Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The valley used to be the site a number of mountain farms that are no longer in use. The river that runs through the valley was dammed, creating the lake Botnedalsvatn. The lake is as a reservoir for the nearby Byrte Hydroelectric Power Station. Botnedalen is known for the occurrence of various minerals, including hausmannite, jacobsite, braunite, bustamite, and rhodonite.
Mark the Evangelist
Mark the Evangelist (Koinē Greek: Μᾶρκος, romanized: Mârkos), also known as John Mark (Koinē Greek: Ἰωάννης Μᾶρκος, romanized: Iōánnēs Mârkos; Aramaic: ܝܘܚܢܢ, romanized: Yōḥannān) or Saint Mark, was a Libyan who is traditionally ascribed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark. Most modern scholars agree that the gospel of Mark is anonymous, though the topic remains contentious among experts. Scholarship is inconclusive on authorship; some reject the attribution to Mark while others debate the identity of Mark. According to Church tradition, Mark founded the episcopal see of Alexandria, which was one of the five most important sees of early Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on April 25, and his symbol is the winged lion.

Epistle to the Colossians
The Epistle to the Colossians is a Pauline epistle and the twelfth book of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It was written, according to the text, by Paul the Apostle and Timothy, and addressed to the church in Colossae, a small Phrygian city near Laodicea and approximately 100 miles (160 km) from Ephesus in Asia Minor (now in Turkey).

Many scholars question Paul's authorship and attribute the letter to an early follower instead, but others still defend it as authentic. If Paul was the author, he probably used an amanuensis, or secretary, in writing the letter (Col 4:18), possibly Timothy.

The original text was written in Koine Greek.
Michigan Southern Railroad (1989)
The Michigan Southern Railroad (reporting mark MSO), founded in 1989 and owned by Pioneer Railcorp since 1999, operates a portion of the former Michigan Southern Railroad (1846-1855) between White Pigeon and Sturgis, Michigan, United States. At White Pigeon, the line connects with the Grand Elk. Until 2012, the line connected with the Indiana Northeastern Railroad in Sturgis, when Indiana Northeastern abandoned a portion of their line between Batavia and Sturgis.

The main commodities hauled on the line include scrap, paper, coal, lumber, sand, and soybean oil.

Pioneer Lines
Pioneer Lines (formerly Pioneer Railcorp) was a holding company for a number of American short-line railroads. Other subsidiaries offered locomotive and freight car leasing to its own railroads and to third parties, and also freight car cleaning. Pioneer Lines also had interests in real estate and newsletter publishing. It was previously owned by BRX Transportation Holdings starting in 2019.

The company, originally named Pioneer Railroad Company, was founded on January 30, 1986 by Guy L. Brenkman. The company raised the capital for its first acquisition through a self-underwritten public stock offering. It continued this method of raising capital for subsequent acquisitions.

Almost all of the short lines owned by Pioneer are lines spun off by Class I railroads.

On August 8, 2022 Patriot Rail Company announced its intention to acquire Pioneer Lines. The company was acquired by Patriot Rail on September 14, 2022.
Andrew Jackson (visual effects)
Andrew Jackson is an English Australian visual effects supervisor. He has worked on various feature films, including 300 (2006), Knowing (2009), Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), Dunkirk (2017), The King (2019), Tenet (2020), and Oppenheimer (2023).

Jackson was nominated at the 88th Academy Awards for his work on the film Mad Max: Fury Road in the category of Best Visual Effects. His nomination was shared with Andy Williams, Dan Oliver, and Tom Wood.

He won at the 93rd Academy Awards for his work on the film Tenet in the category of Best Visual Effects. His nomination was shared with David Lee, Andrew Lockley and Scott Fisher.

Andy Williams (visual effects)
Andy Williams is a visual effects supervisor.

Andy Williams was nominated at the 88th Academy Awards for his work on the film Mad Max: Fury Road in the category of Best Visual Effects. His nomination was shared with Dan Oliver, Andrew Jackson, and Tom Wood.
Aulacogen
An aulacogen is a failed arm of a triple junction. Aulacogens are a part of plate tectonics where oceanic and continental crust is continuously being created, destroyed, and rearranged on the Earth’s surface. Rift zones are places where new crust is formed. An aulacogen is a rift zone that is no longer active.

Mississippi embayment
The Mississippi embayment is a physiographic feature in the south-central United States, part of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. It is essentially a northward continuation of the fluvial sediments of the Mississippi River Delta to its confluence with the Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois. The current sedimentary area was formed in the Cretaceous and early Cenozoic by the filling with sediment of a pre-existing basin. An explanation for the embayment's formation was put forward by Van Arsdale and Cox in 2007: movement of the Earth's crust brought this region over a volcanic "hotspot" in the Earth's mantle causing an upthrust of magma which formed the Appalachian-Ouachita range. Subsequent erosion caused a deep trough that was flooded by the Gulf of Mexico and eventually filled with sediment from the Mississippi River.
Alicante (Congress of Deputies constituency)
Alicante (Valencian: Alacant) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects 12 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Alicante. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Province of Alicante
The Province of Alicante (/ˌælɪˈkænti/, also UK: /-teɪ/, US: /ˌælɪˈkɑːnti, ˌɑːl-/; (Spanish: Provincia de Alicante, pronounced [aliˈkante], Valencian: Província d'Alacant, pronounced [alaˈkant]) is a province located in eastern Spain, in the southern part of the Valencian Community. It is the 2nd most populated Valencian province, containing the second and third biggest cities in the Valencian Community—Alicante (also known in Valencian as Alacant) and Elche (Elx), respectively. With a population of 2,033,566, it is the 4th most populated Spanish province as well.

Alicante is bordered by the provinces of Murcia on the southwest, Albacete on the west, Valencia on the north, and the Mediterranean Sea on the east. The province is named after its capital, the city of Alicante.
Snipp
Snipp is a village in Jörns socken, Skellefteå Municipality, Västerbotten County, Sweden. The village has repeatedly lost population and after the first decade of the 21st century, there is no longer any permanent residents there.

The village got its name in the 19th century when a geographical surveyor played with the childish rhyme Snipp, snapp, snorum, hej basalorum. Snapp, Snorum, Hej and Basalorum are four other villages in the vicinity.

65°13′36″N 20°19′46″E﻿ / ﻿65.22667°N 20.32944°E﻿ / 65.22667; 20.32944

Basalorum
Basalorum is a former village in Jörns socken in the north-west part of Skellefteå Municipality, Västerbotten County, Sweden.

Basalorum was built in the Jörn Parish by the Swedish state. The village was built in 1836 and got its name in the 19th century when a geographical surveyor played with the childish rhyme Snipp, snapp, snorum, hej basalorum. Snipp, Snapp, Snorum and Hej are four other villages in the vicinity.

Basalorum was the first of these villages to be abandoned. According to the church books, the village was abandoned in 1854 when the first settler with family moved to Norway.
2005–06 Serbia and Montenegro SuperLiga
The 2005–06 Serbia and Montenegro Superliga (officially known as the Meridian SuperLiga for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth and last season of Serbia and Montenegro's top-level football league before the dissolution. It was contested by 16 teams (13 from Serbia and three from Montenegro), and Red Star Belgrade won the championship.

FK Voždovac
Fudbalski klub Voždovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Вождовац) is a professional football club based in Voždovac, Belgrade, Serbia, which competes in the Serbian First League, the second tier.

Nicknamed "The Dragons", they experienced little success in the Yugoslavian era, but have become one of Belgrade's best and most stable clubs in modern times since Serbia's independence.

They are known for their stadion on top of the shopping center.
Stephen Zápolya
Stephen Zápolya (Hungarian: Szapolyai István; died on 23 December 1499), was Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary between 1492 and 1499.

He married Polish princess Hedwig of Cieszyn on 11 August 1483 (his second marriage), by whom he had four children:

János Zápolya (2 June 1487 – 22 July 1540), later King of Hungary;

George Zápolya (ca. 1494 – 29 August 1526), killed in action at Mohács;

Barbara Zápolya (1495 – 2 October 1515), queen consort of Poland after her marriage to Sigismund I the Old;

Magdalena Zápolya (b. ca. 1499 – 1499), died young.

He was buried in the Zápolya family vault on the Szepes chapter house.

Hedwig of Cieszyn
Hedwig of Cieszyn (Polish: Jadwiga cieszyńska, Hungarian: Hedvig tescheni hercegnő) (1469 – 6 April 1521) was a Polish princess.  She was the only child of Przemysław II, Duke of Cieszyn by his wife Anna, daughter of Duke Bolesław IV of Warsaw.
History of phycology
The history of phycology is the history of the scientific study of algae. Human interest in plants as food goes back into the origins of the species, and knowledge of algae can be traced back more than two thousand years. However, only in the last three hundred years has that knowledge evolved into a rapidly developing science.

Phycology
Phycology (from Ancient Greek  φῦκος (phûkos) 'seaweed' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of algae.  Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science.

Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. They do not produce flowers. Many species are single-celled and microscopic (including phytoplankton and other microalgae); many others are multicellular to one degree or another, some of these growing to large size (for example, seaweeds such as kelp and Sargassum).

A number of microscopic algae also occur as symbionts in lichens.

Phycologists typically focus on either freshwater or ocean algae, and further within those areas, either diatoms or soft algae.
Moore School Lectures
Theory and Techniques for Design of Electronic Digital Computers (popularly called the "Moore School Lectures") was a course in the construction of electronic digital computers held at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering between July 8, 1946, and August 30, 1946, and was the first time any computer topics had ever been taught to an assemblage of people.  The course disseminated the ideas developed for the EDVAC (then being built at the Moore School as the successor computer to the ENIAC) and initiated an explosion of computer construction activity in the United States and internationally, especially in the United Kingdom.

Maurice Wilkes
Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes (26 June 1913 – 29 November 2010) was an English computer scientist who designed and helped build the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC), one of the earliest stored-program computers, and who invented microprogramming, a method for using stored-program logic to operate the control unit of a central processing unit's circuits. In 1967 he won the ACM Turing Award. At the time of his death, Wilkes was an Emeritus Professor at the University of Cambridge.
Makorora
Makorora (Kata ya Makorora , in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Usagara and Ngamiani Kusini form the northern border of the ward. East of here is Mzingani. Mabawa ward is to the south. Msambweni is to the west.
The ward covers an area of 1.1 km2 (0.42 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 18 m (59 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 16,664.

Mzingani
Mzingani (Kata ya Mzingani , in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Central ward encircles the ward on its northern side. The Pemba Channel is located to the east. Tangasisi forms the southern boundary of the ward. Mabawa, Makorora, and Usagara wards are to the west.
The ward covers an area of 8.1 km2 (3.1 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 7 m (23 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 29,041.
Densu River
The Densu River is a 116 km long river in Ghana rising in the Atewa Range. It flows through an economically important agricultural region, supplies half the drinking water to Ghana's capital city of Accra. The river ends in an ecologically significant wetland delta on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. The Densuano Dam and Weija Dam are situated on the Densu River.

Atewa Range Forest Reserve
The Atewa Range Forest Reserve (also called the Atiwa-Atwaredu ranges) is in the Akyem Abuakwa region of southeastern Ghana, near the town of Kibi, and south-west of the Kwahu Plateau which forms the south-west boundary of Lake Volta. The range runs roughly north–south, consisting of steep-sided hills with fairly flat summits. It is the last remains of the Cenozoic peneplain that once covered southern Ghana, and contains ancient bauxitic soils.  The range is the site of an important forest reserve, and the source of three major rivers.
Heath Town
Heath Town is a suburban area of Wolverhampton, in the county of the West Midlands, England, to the east of the city centre. It is also a ward of City of Wolverhampton Council. The ward forms part of the Wolverhampton North East parliamentary constituency.

Heath Town ward borders the wards of Bushbury South and Low Hill, Fallings Park, Wednesfield North, Wednesfield South, East Park and St Peter's.

As well as Heath Town, the ward covers parts of Park Village, Springfield, Horseley Fields and Wednesfield. It is home to New Cross Hospital (the city's main Hospital), Wolverhampton Railway station, Heath Park Secondary school and a Royal Mail distribution centre.

Park Village
Park Village is an inner city area of Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England. It is situated in the north-east of the city on the A460 Cannock Road, which at that point is the border between the city council's Bushbury South and Low Hill and Heath Town wards.
2022 Copa Libertadores qualifying stages
The 2022 Copa Libertadores qualifying stages were played from 8 February to 17 March 2022. A total of 19 teams competed in the qualifying stages to decide four of the 32 places in the group stage of the 2022 Copa Libertadores.

2022 Copa Libertadores group stage
The 2022 Copa Libertadores group stage was played from 5 April to 26 May 2022. A total of 32 teams competed in the group stage to decide the 16 places in the final stages of the 2022 Copa Libertadores.
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress (Russian: Петропавловская крепость, romanized: Petropavlovskaya krepost') is the original citadel of Saint Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706 to 1740 as a star fortress. Between the first half of the 1700s and early 1920s it served as a prison for political criminals. It has been a museum since 1924.

Domenico Trezzini
Domenico Trezzini (Russian: Андрей Якимович Трезин, romanized: Andrey Yakimovich Trezin; c. 1670 – 1734) was an Italian Swiss architect who elaborated the Petrine Baroque style of Russian architecture.
Soviet cuisine
Soviet cuisine, the common cuisine of the Soviet Union, was formed by the integration of the various national cuisines of the Soviet Union, in the course of the formation of the Soviet people. It is characterized by a limited number of ingredients and simplified cooking. This type of cuisine was prevalent in  canteens everywhere in the Soviet Union. It became an integral part of household cuisine and was used in parallel with national dishes, particularly in large cities. Generally, Soviet cuisine was shaped by Soviet eating habits and a very limited availability of ingredients in most parts of the USSR. Most dishes were simplifications of French, Russian, Austro-Hungarian cuisines, and cuisines from other Eastern Bloc nations. Caucasian cuisines, particularly Georgian cuisine, contributed as well.

To a significant extent it was reflected in and formed by The Book of Tasty and Healthy Food, first printed in 1939, following the directions of Anastas Mikoyan.

The Book of Tasty and Healthy Food
The Book of Tasty and Healthy Food (Russian: Книга о вкусной и здоровой пище, romanized: Kniga o vkusnoi i zdorovoi pishche) is a Russian cookbook written by scientists from the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. The cookbook was first published in 1939, and a further edition was published in 1952. An English translation (by Boris Ushumirskiy) appeared in 2012.
El Molino, La Guajira
El Molino (English: The Mill) is a town and municipality located in the Colombian Department of La Guajira.

The town is known for having the colonial church Ermita de San Lucas, considered a National Monument of Colombia. The town also celebrates the Festival del Cantante (Spanish for Festival of the Singer). It became a municipality in 1989.

Villanueva, La Guajira
Villanueva is a town and municipality located in the northern Department of La Guajira, Colombia. Villanueva is known in Colombia for being the cradle of many vallenato singers and composers. The economy of the town relies heavily on agriculture and farming.
Constantine Phipps (Lord Chancellor of Ireland)
Sir Constantine Henry Phipps (1656–1723) was an English-born lawyer who held the office of Lord Chancellor of Ireland. His term of office was marked by bitter political faction-fighting and he faced repeated calls for his removal. His descendants held the titles Earl of Mulgrave and Marquess of Normanby. Sir William Phips, the Governor of Massachusetts 1692–94, was his first cousin.

William Phips
Sir William Phips (or Phipps; February 2, 1651 – February 18, 1695) was the first royally appointed governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, and the first native-born person from New England to be knighted. Phips was famous in his lifetime for recovering a large treasure from a sunken Spanish galleon but is perhaps best remembered today for establishing the court associated with the infamous Salem Witch Trials, which he grew unhappy with and was forced to prematurely disband after five months.
Bumperhead
Bumperhead is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Gilbert Hernandez, published by Drawn & Quarterly in 2014.

The 120-page, five-chapter graphic novel follows its aimless protagonist from elementary school to middle age.  Bobby Numbly grows up in Oxnard, California—Hernandez's own hometown.  His nickname "Bumperhead" is slang for someone who copies all that he sees others doing.  The first chapter looks at his early childhood; the second his teenage years, when he gets into drugs and sex and listens to glam and prog rock; the third his aimless early adulthood; the fourth his punk-rock early 20s; and the last his middle-aged adulthood.

Gilbert Hernandez
Gilberto Hernández (born February 1, 1957), usually credited as Gilbert Hernandez and also by the nickname Beto (Spanish: [ˈbeto]), is an American cartoonist.  He is best known for his Palomar/Heartbreak Soup stories in Love and Rockets, an alternative comic book he shared with his brothers Jaime and Mario.
Saalhausen Hills
The Saalhausen Hills (German: Saalhauser Berge) are a range of hills up to 687.7 m above sea level (NN) high in the Sauerland region within the districts of Olpe and Hochsauerlandkreis in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. They are part of the Rhine Massif and lie within the Süder Uplands.

The hills are named after the village of Saalhausen, part of the town of Lennestadt, which is located on the southern edge of this forested region.

Süder Uplands
The Süder Uplands (German: Süderbergland, sometimes Südergebirge i.e. Süder Hills), form a major natural region (no. 33 or D38) of the Rhenish Massif in the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia and northwestern Hesse. They correspond roughly to the historic regions of the Sauerland, Bergisches Land, Siegerland and Wittgenstein Land in NRW as well as the Upland and the extreme northwest of the Hinterland in Hesse.
European Party of Armenia
The European Party of Armenia (EPA) (Armenian: Հայաստանի եվրոպական կուսակցություն, romanized: Hayastani yevropakan kusakts’ut’yun) is a pro-European political party in Armenia. It was founded on 6 November 2018 by Tigran Khzmalyan. The party supports Armenia's accession process to the European Union and NATO.

Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party (Armenian: Սասնա Ծռեր համահայկական կուսակցություն, romanized: Sasna Tsřer hamahaykakan kusaktsutyun) is an Armenian national conservative political party that was founded in September 2018 in the wake of the country's Velvet Revolution.
Nick Freitas
Nicholas Jason Freitas (born August 29, 1979) is an American politician and social media influencer. A Republican, he served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2016 to 2026. He unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate in 2018, narrowly losing in the primary election to Corey Stewart. He was the Republican nominee in the 2020 election to represent Virginia's 7th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, which he lost by 49% to 51% to Abigail Spanberger, the incumbent Democratic congresswoman.

Orange County, Virginia
Orange County is a county located in the central Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,254. Its county seat is Orange. Orange County includes Montpelier, the 2,700-acre (1,100 ha) estate of James Madison, the 4th president of the United States and often known as the "father of the Constitution". The county celebrated its 290th anniversary in 2024.