hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wythenshawe
Wythenshawe (/ˈwɪðənʃɔː/) is an area of Manchester, England. Historically part of Cheshire, in 1931 Wythenshawe was transferred to the City of Manchester, which had begun building a large housing estate there in the 1920s. With an area of approximately 11 square miles (28 km2), Wythenshawe became the largest council estate in Europe.

Wythenshawe includes the areas of Baguley, Benchill, Peel Hall, Newall Green, Woodhouse Park, Moss Nook, Northern Moor, Northenden and Sharston.

Wythenshawe and Sale East
Wythenshawe and Sale East is a parliamentary constituency in the city of Manchester and the borough of Trafford.  It returns one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.

Wythenshawe and Sale East borders rural Cheshire to the south, and its southern tip includes Manchester Airport. The constituency has always been a safe Labour seat; the current MP is Mike Kane, who was elected at the 2014 by-election in February 2014. He succeeded Paul Goggins, who died in January 2014 having held the seat for Labour since its inception in 1997.

53°25′N 2°16′W﻿ / ﻿53.41°N 2.27°W﻿ / 53.41; -2.27
X-Men: The End
X-Men: The End is a 2004-2006 trilogy of miniseries published by Marvel Comics, detailing the last days of the X-Men and their adventures in an alternative future. The series, which was part of Marvel's The End line of books, was written by Chris Claremont and drawn by Sean Chen, with cover art by Greg Land and Gene Ha.

The first part of the miniseries is titled Dreamers and Demons, the second Heroes and Martyrs, and the third Men and X-Men.

The story of X-Men: The End continues in the 2008 GeNext mini-series, then again in the 2009 mini-series, GeNext: United.

Rachel Summers
Rachel Anne Summers is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist/co-plotter John Byrne.

In her first appearance, the character's surname was not revealed; in later appearances, she was established as the daughter of the alternate future counterparts to Cyclops and Jean Grey-Summers from the dystopian Days of Future Past timeline. Although there are other characters bearing her name throughout the multiverse, Rachel is considered a multiversal anomaly with no true alternate-universe counterparts.

The character is a mutant with similar abilities to her mother, including telepathy, telekinesis, and a connection to the Phoenix Force. Throughout her publication history, she has also been referred to by the monikers Marvel Girl, Phoenix, Prestige, and Mother Askani (later simply Askani).
South Carolina Highway 6
South Carolina Highway 6 (SC 6) is a 116.092-mile (186.832 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It extends from US 76 in Ballentine to US 52/SC 6 Truck in Moncks Corner. It uniquely links all three of the major hydropower projects in South Carolina: Lake Murray, Lake Marion, and Lake Moultrie.

Berkeley County, South Carolina
Berkeley County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 229,861. Its county seat is Moncks Corner, and the largest community is Goose Creek.

After two previous incarnations of Berkeley County, the current county was created in 1882. Berkeley County is included in the Charleston, South Carolina metropolitan area.
Ideal World
Ideal World is a British TV shopping channel, broadcasting on DTT, satellite and online, with transactional websites, previously hosted from studios in Peterborough. It is now owned by TJC and broadcast from their offices in West London, following Ideal World Limited's administration in 2023, with some presenters and production staff from the former Ideal World Limited continuing.

TJC (TV channel)
The Jewellery Channel, known otherwise as TJC, is a British home shopping channel and online retailer specialising in jewellery, home, beauty, fashion, gemstones and other lifestyle accessories. It is one of the main TV shopping channels in the UK. The channel launched on 4 April 2006, and currently broadcasts 24 hours a day.
Monastic community of Mount Athos
The monastic community living on the Mount Athos peninsula is an Eastern Orthodox community of monks living in Northern Greece. The community enjoys autonomous self-government within the borders of the peninsula.

The Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs manages relations between Athos and the Government of Greece. The community includes 20 monasteries and dependent settlements. The monasteries house around 2,000 Eastern Orthodox monks from Greece and many other countries, including Eastern Orthodox countries such as Serbia, Romania, Moldova, Georgia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Ukraine and Russia, who vow to live an ascetic life at Athos, isolated from the rest of the world. The Athonite monasteries feature a rich collection of well-preserved artifacts, rare books, ancient documents, and artworks of immense historical value, and Mount Athos has been listed as a World Heritage Site since 1988.

Women are banned from Mount Athos by religious tradition.

St. Panteleimon Monastery
Saint Panteleimon Monastery (Greek: Μονή Αγίου Παντελεήμονος, romanized: Moní Agíou Panteleímonos, Russian: Монастырь Святого Пантелеймона), also known as Rossikon (Greek: Ρωσσικόν, romanized: Rossikón Russian: Россикон) or New Russik (Greek: Νέο Ρωσικό, romanized: Neo Rosiko, Russian: Новый Руссик, romanized: Novyy Russik), is one of the twenty Eastern Orthodox monasteries on Mount Athos, located on the southwestern side of the peninsula of the North Aegean region of Greece. It is the Russian monastery on the peninsula. It houses Russian and Ukrainian monks, sent by the Russian Orthodox Church, and the liturgies are delivered in Russian, despite the fact that all monks on Mount Athos become citizens of Greece.
Havannah Channel
Havannah Channel is a marine passageway in the South Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, leading off of the north side of Johnstone Strait leading to Chatham Channel and Call Inlet, south of East Cracroft Island. Havannah Channel is entered from Johnstone Strait at the Broken Islands. Hull Island is located in the channel, to the southeast of East Cracroft and south of the opening of Call Inlet.

Chatham Channel
Chatham Channel is a strait and marine passageway on the coast of British Columbia.  It leads from the lower reaches of Knight Inlet to the opening of Call Inlet, separating Minstrel and East Cracroft Islands from the mainland to the east. From the opening of Call Inlet, running south then east around East Cracroft, is Havannah Channel.
Babylas of Antioch
Babylas of Antioch (Greek: Βαβύλας, from Syriac: ܒܐܒܘܠܐ, romanized: Babūla; Arabic: بابل; died 253) was a Syrian patriarch of Antioch (237–253), who died in prison during the Decian persecution. In the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches of the Byzantine rite his feast day is 4 September, in the Roman Rite, 24 January. He has the distinction of being the first saint recorded as having had his remains translated (moved) for religious purposes; a practice that was to become extremely common in later centuries.

Decian persecution
Christians were persecuted in 250 AD under the Roman emperor Decius. He had issued an edict ordering everyone in the empire to perform a sacrifice to the Roman gods and the well-being of the emperor. The sacrifices had to be performed in the presence of a Roman magistrate, and be confirmed by a signed and witnessed certificate from the magistrate. Although the text of the edict has been lost, many examples of the certificates have survived.

Decius' edict was intended to act as an empire-wide loyalty oath to the new emperor (who had come to power in 249 AD), sanctified through the Roman religion. Christian monotheistic beliefs did not allow them to worship any other gods, so they were forced to choose between their religious beliefs and following the decree.
Duarte Province
Duarte (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdwaɾte]) is a northeastern province which comprises one of the 32 provinces of the Dominican Republic. It is divided into 7 municipalities and its capital city is San Francisco de Macorís. It is bordered by the provinces of María Trinidad Sánchez and Samaná to the east, Monte Plata and Sánchez Ramírez to the south, La Vega and Hermanas Mirabal to the west and Espaillat to the north. It is named after Juan Pablo Duarte, the Father of the Nation of the Dominican Republic.

It was created in 1896 as a district (an old country subdivision) with the name Distrito Pacificador but the Constitution of 1907 changed the category to province. In 1925 its name was changed to Duarte.

Sánchez Ramírez Province
Sánchez Ramírez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsantʃes ɾaˈmiɾes]) is a province that constituting one of the 32 provinces of the Dominican Republic. It is divided into four municipalities and its capital city is Cotuí. Located in the Cibao Sur region in central Dominican Republic, it is bordered by the provinces of Duarte to the north, Monte Plata to the east and south, Monseñor Nouel to the south-west and west and La Vega to the north-west. It was formerly part of Duarte in 1952, and is named after Brigadier Juan Sánchez Ramírez, hero of the Battle of Palo Hincado (1808) at which Spanish rebels defeated the French occupying forces.
Special health authority
A special health authority is a type of NHS body which provide services on behalf of the National Health Service in England.  Unlike other types of trust, they operate nationally rather than serve a specific geographical area.

They are a type of "arm's length body" of the Department of Health of the United Kingdom, along with executive agencies and non-departmental public bodies (NDPBs).  Special health authorities are independent, but can be subject to ministerial direction like other NHS bodies.

NHS Professionals
NHS Professionals supplies clinical and non-clinical temporary staff to the NHS and provides workforce services to health and care organisations. It operates a membership base of healthcare professionals (known as 'Bank Members') who work flexible shifts and longer-term placements at more than 130 acute and community NHS Trusts and other health and care organisations across the UK and the Channel Islands. The company reports its Bank Members worked 4.6 million shifts and provided 39 million hours of care in the 2021–22 financial year.

NHS Professionals was incorporated as a private limited company in 2008. It is now self-funding but remains wholly owned by the Department of Health and Social Care.

Its headquarters are at Breakspear Park in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. It also has regional offices and on-site teams based at NHS Trusts across England.
Amarna letter EA 256
Amarna letter EA 256, in short EA 256, catalogued under the title Oaths and Denials, is one of a total of about 350 so-called Amarna letters, belonging to an official correspondence dating to the mid-14th century BC (about 1350 BC till 20–25 years later). The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, on the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

Mutbaal
Mutbaal (Akk. "man of Baal") was a Canaanite king of the Amarna Period. He is identified in the Amarna letters as a son of Labaya, the ruler of the hill country north of Jerusalem, including the territory in the vicinity of the city of Shachmu (biblical Shechem).

Mutbaal may be the son whose association with the Habiru raiders Labaya denounced in EA 254. He ruled in Pella on the eastern side of the Jordan River. After his father's death at the hands of the citizens of Gina, Mutbaal and his brother continued their assaults on other Canaanite rulers and their holdings, employing Habiru mercenaries. Eventually Biryawaza of Damascus was ordered by the Egyptian court to take armed action against the sons of Labaya. (EA 250)
Bop Doo-Wopp
Bop Doo-Wopp is an album by the Manhattan Transfer, released at the end of 1984 on the Atlantic Records label. Six of the ten tracks on Bop Doo-Wopp are live performances.

The album contains the song "Route 66" which originally appeared on the soundtrack to the Burt Reynolds film Sharky's Machine.

The album is essentially a live album (6 tracks) with some additional studio cuts (4 tracks). Five tracks were recorded live at the Nakano Sun Plaza in Japan in November 1983. Songs from these concerts were also released in 1996 on their album Man-Tora! Live in Tokyo. The other live cut, "Duke of Dubuque", was recorded for the Evening at Pops series on PBS.  The song "Safronia B" was recorded in Sydney, Australia in December 1983.  The other three songs were recorded in New York City.

Man-Tora! Live in Tokyo
Man-Tora! Live in Tokyo is the fourth live album released by The Manhattan Transfer. The title is a shortening of Manhattan Toransufā (マンハッタン・トランスファー), the Japanese transliteration of the band's name. The songs were recorded during their 1983 Japan tour to promote their album Bodies and Souls at Tokyo's Nakano Sunplaza Hall. Some of the songs from these concerts also appeared on their 1984 album, Bop Doo-Wopp.
Martin Mere
Martin Mere is a mere near Burscough, in Lancashire, England, on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain.  The mere is a vast marsh, around grid reference SD 41 15 that was, until it was drained, the largest body of fresh water in England.

Rufford, Lancashire
Rufford is a village in West Lancashire, England, where the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, Liverpool, Ormskirk and Preston Railway, the A59 and the River Douglas meet.

Rufford is also a civil parish, which includes the neighbouring village of Holmeswood, and in 2011 had a population of 2,049.
Force spectrum microscopy
Force Spectrum Microscopy (FSM) is an application of active microrheology developed to measure aggregate random forces in the cytoplasm. Large, inert flow tracers are injected into live cells and become lodged inside the cytoskeletal mesh, wherein it is oscillated by repercussions from active motor proteins. The magnitude of these random forces can be inferred from the frequency of oscillation of tracer particles. Tracking the fluctuations of tracer particles using optical microscopy can isolate the contribution of active random forces to intracellular molecular transport from that of Brownian motion.

Microrheology
Microrheology is a technique used to measure the rheological properties of a medium, such as microviscosity, via the measurement of the trajectory of a flow tracer (a micrometre-sized particle). It is a new way of doing rheology, traditionally done using a rheometer. There are two types of microrheology: passive microrheology and active microrheology. Passive microrheology uses inherent thermal energy to move the tracers, whereas active microrheology uses externally applied forces, such as from a magnetic field or an optical tweezer, to do so.  Microrheology can be further differentiated into 1- and 2-particle methods.
German military mission in Romania
The German Military Mission in Romania (German: Deutsche Heeresmission in Rumänien; Romanian: Misiunea Militară Germană în România) was a mission led by lieutenant general Erik Hansen, and sent from Nazi Germany to help Romania during World War II. German officers and aviators trained and supported the Romanian army from October 1940 to August 1944.

1944 Romanian coup d'état
The 1944 Romanian coup d'état, better known in Romanian historiography as the Act of 23 August (Romanian: Actul de la 23 august), was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944. With the support of several political parties, the king removed the government of Ion Antonescu, which had aligned Romania with Nazi Germany, after the Axis front in northeastern Romania collapsed in the face of a successful Soviet offensive. The Romanian Army declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Soviet Red Army on the Moldavian front, an event viewed as decisive in the Allied advances against the Axis powers in the European theatre of World War II. The coup was supported by the Romanian Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, the National Liberal Party, and the National Peasants' Party who had coalesced into the National Democratic Bloc in June 1944.
Median language
Median (also Medean or Medic) is an extinct Iranian language which was spoken by the ancient Medes. It belongs to the Northwestern branch of the Iranian language family, which includes many other much more recently attested and different languages such as Kurdish, Old Azeri, Talysh, Gilaki, Mazandarani,  Zaza, Gorani and Baluchi.

Avestan
Avestan (/əˈvɛstən/ ə-VESS-tən) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and was originally spoken during the Avestan period (c. 1500 – c. 400 BCE) by the Iranians living in eastern Greater Iran as evidenced from names in Avestan geography.

After Avestan became extinct, its religious texts were transmitted orally, then collected and put into writing during the Sasanian period (c. 400 – c. 500 CE). The extant material falls into two groups: Old Avestan (c. 1500 – c. 900 BCE) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 – c. 400 BCE). The immediate ancestor of Old Avestan was the Proto-Iranian language, a sister language to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, with both having developed from the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian language. As such, Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan language.
Otto Natzler
Otto Natzler (January 31, 1908 – April 7, 2007) was an Austrian–born ceramicist. With his wife Gertrud Natzler, he produced what were considered some of the most admired ceramic pieces of the 20th century.

Gertrud Natzler
Gertrud Amon Natzler (7 July 1908 – 3 June 1971) was an Austrian-American ceramicist, who together with her husband Otto Natzler created some of the most praised ceramics art of the 20th century, helping to elevate ceramics to the status of a fine art.
Needler Hall
Needler Hall was a hall of residence of the University of Hull, located on Northgate in Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Originally a large private house built in the 18th century, it was acquired, along with Thwaite Hall, by the newly established university college in 1928. It was named in honour of Frederick Needler, of Needler's (a Hull-based sweets manufacturer), who was a major benefactor of the university college.

University of Hull
The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1927 as University College Hull. The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull York Medical School, a joint initiative with the University of York. Students are served by Hull University Union.

The first chancellor of the university was Lord Middleton (1954–1969), followed by Lord Cohen (1970–1977), Lord Wilberforce (1978–1994), Lord Armstrong (1994–2006) and Virginia Bottomley (Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone) (2006–2023). Alan Johnson was installed as the current chancellor in July 2023.
When You're Strange
When You're Strange is a 2009 music documentary film about the American rock band the Doors. It was written and directed by Tom DiCillo and narrated by Johnny Depp. The film covers the band's formation in 1965, its development over the next two years, the release of its debut album and subsequent albums, and vocalist Jim Morrison's extensive use of alcohol and drugs, which led to his death in Paris in July 1971. The film features archival footage of rehearsals, TV broadcasts and concert performances, private cine-film and the background to Morrison's arrest at a 1969 Miami concert and later trial. It also includes the first public release of material from Morrison's 1969 featurette HWY: An American Pastoral.

The Doors' keyboardist Ray Manzarek, who was not pleased with the 1991 biopic The Doors, stated prior to the film's release that "This will be the true story of the Doors ... the anti-Oliver Stone."

When You're Strange (soundtrack)
When You're Strange: Music from the Motion Picture is the studio album and the soundtrack to the 2010 documentary film, narrated by Johnny Depp, about the Doors and their music. The soundtrack features 14 songs from The Doors’ six studio albums, with studio versions mixed with live versions, including performances from The Ed Sullivan Show, Television-Byen in Gladsaxe, Felt Forum in New York and Isle of Wight Festival 1970.
Binomial options pricing model
In finance, the binomial options pricing model (BOPM) provides a generalizable numerical method for the valuation of options. Essentially, the model uses a "discrete-time" (lattice based) model of the varying price over time of the underlying financial instrument, addressing cases where the closed-form Black–Scholes formula is wanting, which in general does not exist for the BOPM.

The binomial model was first proposed by William Sharpe in the 1978 edition of Investments (ISBN 013504605X), and formalized by Cox, Ross and Rubinstein in 1979 and by Rendleman and Bartter in that same year.

For binomial trees as applied to fixed income and interest rate derivatives see Lattice model (finance)  § Interest rate derivatives.

Option (finance)
In finance, an option is a contract which conveys to its owner, the holder, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the style of the option.

Options are typically acquired by purchase, as a form of compensation, or as part of a complex financial transaction. Thus, they are also a form of asset (or contingent liability) and have a valuation that may depend on a complex relationship between underlying asset price, time until expiration, market volatility, the risk-free rate of interest, and the strike price of the option.

Options may be traded between private parties in over-the-counter (OTC) transactions, or they may be exchange-traded in live, public markets in the form of standardized contracts.
Reagan–Fascell Democracy Fellowship
The Reagan–Fascell Democracy Fellowship Program is a resident program of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). It is named for the 40th U.S President Ronald Reagan and the late U.S. congressman Dante Fascell. Around 16 to 20 scholars are selected per year to serve for five months at NED's International Forum for Democratic Studies.

International Forum for Democratic Studies
The International Forum for Democratic Studies (IFDS) was an analytical initiative of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). Established in April 1994, its programs included the Journal of Democracy (which has Spanish and Portuguese editions), the Network of Democracy Research Institutes, and fellowship programs such as the Reagan–Fascell Democracy Fellowship. On 1 March 2025, after the Department of Government Efficiency cut funding to the NED by blocking disbursement from the US Department of Treasury, IFDS suspended operations.

Larry Diamond was the Forum's founding co-director (1994-2009). Shanthi Kalathil previously served as its senior director. Christopher Walker currently oversees the Forum.