hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claude Nunney
Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney VC, DCM, MM (24 December 1892 – 18 September 1918) was a Canadian soldier. Nunney was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Born in Hastings in East Sussex, he was sent to Canada as a home child.

Nunney was one of the seven Canadians to be awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions on one single day, 2 September 1918, for actions across the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras, France. The other six were Bellenden Hutcheson, Arthur George Knight, William Henry Metcalf, Cyrus Wesley Peck, Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young.

38th Battalion (Ottawa), CEF
The 38th Battalion, CEF was a unit of the First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force. It was mobilized in Ottawa and recruited in Ottawa, Brockville, Perth, Prescott and Alexandria. An initial draft of five officers and 251 other ranks was sent to England on 24 June 1915. The battalion embarked at Montreal on 1 August 1915, aboard the Caledonian, disembarking in Bermuda on 12 August 1915. Its strength was 35 officers and 959 other ranks. The battalion embarked at Bermuda on 30 May 1916, aboard the Grampian, disembarking in England on 9 June 1916. Its strength was 35 officers and 1001 other ranks. The battalion arrived in France on 13 August 1916, becoming part of the 4th Canadian Division, 12th Canadian Infantry Brigade. It was later reinforced by the 7th Canadian Reserve Battalion. The battalion returned to England on 6 May 1919, arrived in Canada on 13 June 1919, was demobilized in Ottawa on 15 June 1919, and was disbanded by General Order 149 of 15 September 1920.
Broad Fields, St. Matthews, Kentucky
Broad Fields is a neighborhood of St. Matthews, Kentucky. Broad Fields was a Sixth Class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States.  Broad Fields was incorporated on May 24, 1957.  Broad Fields was dissolved on July 1, 2000, and annexed by St. Matthews on January 8, 2001.  The population was 250 at the 2000 census.

St. Matthews, Kentucky
St. Matthews is a city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. It forms part of the Louisville Metro government but is separately incorporated as a home rule-class city. As of the 2020 census, St. Matthews had a population of 17,534. It is the 23rd-largest city in the state. St. Matthews is one of the state's major shopping areas, home to the fifth-largest mall in Kentucky (Mall St. Matthews) along with many smaller shopping centers along Shelbyville Road.
Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium
Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. var. gnaphalifolium Gand. (also known as Eriogonum floridanum Small), commonly referred to as scrub buckwheat is a dicot of the Polygonaceae (smartweed or knotweed) family. It is listed as threatened in the US and endangered in Florida. Within Florida its most closely related species is Eriogonum tomentosum however there are three other varieties of Eriogonum longifolium found in other areas of the US.

Scrub buckwheat is found in areas of scrub, flatland and sand hills.

Eriogonum longifolium
Eriogonum longifolium, the longleaf eriogonum or long-leaf wild buckwheat, is a dicot of the family Polygonaceae. In addition to populations of E. longifolium var. longifolium found in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma,  and Texas, there are varieties or subspecies that are geographically isolated and at various levels of endangerment. According to the University of Michigan Native American Ethnobotony database, Eriogonum longifolium has been used as a food by the Kiowa and as a medicinal by the Comanche.

Eriogonuum longifolium leaves are described as being lanceolate, oblanceolate or oblong and with tomentose coating; the plant develops flowering stems which are up to 17 dm (67 in) tall.
Triumph Renown
The Triumph Renown  is the name given to the large saloon car made by the Triumph Motor Company from 1949 to 1954, but it is actually part of a three-car series that includes the 1800, 2000, and Renown models. Together with the Triumph Roadster, they were the first vehicles to carry the Triumph badge following the company's takeover by the Standard Motor Company.

Triumph Roadster
The Triumph Roadster is a roadster produced by Britain's Standard Motor Company from 1946 until 1949. It was sold as the Triumph 1800 Roadster (18TR) from 1946 to 1948, and as the Triumph 2000 Roadster (TRA) from 1948 to 1949.
Hannah Baer
Hannah Baer is an American writer, therapist, and cultural critic. She is the author of the memoir Trans Girl Suicide Museum (2019) and a co-founder of the experimental queer press Deluge Books alongside Emily Segal and Cyrus Dunham.

Cyrus Grace Dunham
Cyrus Dunham (/ˈdʌnəm/ DUN-əm; born Grace Dunham on January 28, 1992) is an American writer, actor, and activist. Dunham is a published author, whose debut book, A Year Without A Name: A Memoir, was a Lambda Literary Award finalist. Dunham identifies as transmasculine nonbinary, and uses the pronoun he.
Very low frequency
Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3–30 kHz, corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 km, respectively. The band is also known as the myriameter band or myriameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten myriameters (an obsolete metric unit equal to 10 kilometers). Due to its limited bandwidth, audio (voice) transmission is highly impractical in this band, and therefore only low-data-rate coded signals are used. The VLF band is used for a few radio navigation services, government time radio stations (broadcasting time signals to set radio clocks) and secure military communication. Since VLF waves can penetrate at least 40 meters (130 ft) into saltwater, they are used for military communication with submarines.

Earth–ionosphere waveguide
The Earth–ionosphere waveguide is the phenomenon in which certain radio waves can propagate in the space between the ground and the boundary of the ionosphere.
Because the ionosphere contains charged particles, it can behave as a conductor.  The earth operates as a ground plane, and the resulting cavity behaves as a large waveguide.

Extremely low frequency (ELF) (< 3 kHz) and very low frequency (VLF) 
(3–30 kHz) signals can propagate efficiently in this waveguide.  For instance, lightning strikes launch a signal called radio atmospherics, which can travel many thousands of kilometers, because they are confined between the Earth and the ionosphere.
The round-the-world nature of the waveguide produces resonances, like a cavity, which are at ~7 Hz.
2018 Ladies Championship Gstaad
The 2018 Ladies Championship Gstaad was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 26th edition of the Ladies Championship Gstaad, and part of the International category of the 2018 WTA Tour. It took place at Roy Emerson Arena in Gstaad, Switzerland, from 16 July through 22 July 2018.

2018 WTA Tour
The 2018 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the  2018 tennis season. The 2018 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF); the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier); the WTA International tournaments; the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF) and the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy). Also included in the 2018 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Catawbiense hybrid
A catawbiense hybrid is a  hybrid of the plant genus Rhododendron,  derived from crosses of American species Rhododendron catawbiense and Rhododendron maximum with European and Asian species R. arboreum, R. caucasicum and  R. ponticum.

Rhododendron arboreum
Rhododendron arboreum, the tree rhododendron, is an evergreen shrub or small tree with a showy display of bright red flowers. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Thailand. It is the national flower of Nepal.
Evansville Crush
The Evansville Crush was an American indoor soccer team, founded in 2010. The team was a member of the Premier Arena Soccer League (PASL-Premier), the development league for the Professional Arena Soccer League  (PASL), and played in the Midwest Conference. They played their home matches at the Metro Sports Center in the city of Evansville, Indiana. Before the start of the 2010 season, the Crush hosted the Hoosier Cup tournament with six Midwest clubs. They would go undefeated in the knockout rounds and beat the Louisville Lightning in overtime of championship game. In 2013, the team was replaced by the Evansville Kings but lasted only one season.

Louisville Lightning
Louisville Lightning was an American men's professional soccer club based in Louisville, Kentucky. The Lightning competed in the Professional Arena Soccer League, as a member of the Eastern Division. The club began play in 2009.

They were confirmed as an expansion team in August 2009 and began playing in November of the same year. The Lightning played three full seasons in the PASL before going on hiatus after the 2011–12 season. The club played home games at Mockingbird Valley Soccer Club in Louisville, Kentucky.
In early 2020, the team was briefly revived and officially ceased operations in early 2021.
Ecobank Nigeria
ECOBANK NIGERIA LIMITED, commonly referred to as Ecobank Nigeria, is a commercial bank in Nigeria. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the Central Bank of Nigeria, the national banking regulator.

Ecobank Group
Ecobank, whose official name is Ecobank Transnational Inc. (ETI), is a pan-African banking conglomerate, with banking operations in 33 African countries. It is the leading independent regional banking group in West Africa and Central Africa, serving wholesale and retail customers. It also maintains subsidiaries in Eastern and Southern Africa. ETI has an affiliate in France, and representative offices in China, Dubai, South Africa, and the United Kingdom.
Bitton
Bitton is a village and civil parish of South Gloucestershire in Gloucestershire, England, to the east of Bristol and on the River Boyd.

The parish of Bitton had a population of 9,307, and apart from the village itself, includes Swineford, Upton Cheyney, Beach, Oldland Common, North Common and part of Willsbridge.

Swineford
51°25′16″N 2°26′42″W﻿ / ﻿51.421°N 2.445°W﻿ / 51.421; -2.445
Swineford - pronounced SWINFORD - the 'E' is silent, is a hamlet in the South Gloucestershire council area, very close to the boundary with Bath and North East Somerset. It is located around 1 km south-east of Bitton, and lies on the River Avon, on which the Swineford Lock is sited. The A431 road runs through the village.

The name is cognate with that of the German town of Schweinfurt.
William H. Osborn
William Henry Osborn (December 21, 1820 – March 2, 1894) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was a railroad tycoon who, as head of the Illinois Central Railroad and later the Chicago, St. Louis and New Orleans Railroad, became one of the most prominent railroad leaders in the United States. A friend and patron of the painter Frederic Edwin Church, he was an avid art collector. His two sons went on to become presidents of prominent museums in New York City.

William Church Osborn
William Church Osborn (December 21, 1862 – January 3, 1951) was the son of a prominent New York City family who served in a variety of civic roles including president of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, president of the Children's Aid Society, and president of the New York Society for the Relief of the Ruptured and Orphaned.
Martone
Martone (Calabrian: Màrtuni) is a comune in the former province of Reggio Calabria, in the Calabria region of southern Italy. The town was founded between the 7th and 8th centuries by Greek Christian monks from the Byzantine Empire, particularly from the regions around the Aegean Sea and the Levant.

Martone, like many communes in the Locride area, was part of a larger group of comuni, all founded by Greek monks.

Within the Grotto territory (which includes the municipalities of Mammola, Martone, and St. Giovanni di Gerace) are small monastic churches that still preserve traces of Byzantine art. In addition to preserving historical relics, these monasteries were instrumental in promoting agriculture and trades. They were involved in reforestation, land reclamation, and cultivation, which helped establish the first artisanal activities during the Byzantine period.

San Giovanni di Gerace
San Giovanni di Gerace (Greek-Calabrian dialect: Ièrax) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 577 and an area of 13.3 square kilometres (5.1 sq mi).

San Giovanni di Gerace borders the following municipalities: Grotteria, Martone.
Nikolai Medtner
Nikolai Karlovich Medtner (Russian: Николай Карлович Метнер, romanized: Nikolay Karlovich Metner; 5 January 1880 [O.S. 24 December 1879] – 13 November 1951) was a Russian composer and pianist.

A younger contemporary of Sergei Rachmaninoff and Alexander Scriabin, he wrote a substantial number of compositions, all of which include the piano. His works include 14 piano sonatas, three violin sonatas, three piano concerti, a piano quintet, two works for two pianos, many shorter piano pieces, a few shorter works for violin and piano, and 108 songs including two substantial works for vocalise. His 38 Skazki (generally known as "Fairy Tales" in English but more correctly translated as "Tales") for piano solo contain some of his most original music.

Piano Concerto No. 3 (Medtner)
The Piano Concerto No. 3 in E minor, "Ballade", Op. 60, is one of Nikolai Medtner's last major compositions, completed in 1943, when he was 63. It was commissioned by the pianist Benno Moiseiwitsch, who had been an early champion of Medtner.
Trutnov Open Air Music Festival
TrutnOFF Open Air Festival formerly known as Trutnov Open Air Music Festival, is a music festival in the Czech Republic that traces its origins to 1984 in the city of Trutnov. Since 1990, following the Velvet Revolution, the festival has been held annually.

Trutnov
Trutnov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtrutnof] ⓘ; German: Trautenau) is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 30,000 inhabitants. The town is situated in a hilly landscape on the Úpa River. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Trutnov was a dowry town of the Bohemian queens. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Australian Navy Cadets
The Australian Navy Cadets (ANC) is a youth development organization supported by the Royal Australian Navy, with a focus on the maritime domain. The organization conducts navy-related activities, with some key objectives that include building self-confidence and developing teamwork and leadership skills.

The navy cadets, which comprises of 81 training ships and with approximately 2,600 cadets nationwide. It is available to all young Australians between the ages of 13 and 17. This youth organization is related with the Australian Air Force Cadets and Australian Army Cadets, which all come from the Australian Defence Force Cadets.

Sea Cadets (United Kingdom)
The Sea Cadet Corps is a national youth charity operating in England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Malta and Bermuda. Cadets follow an ethos, training plan and rank structure similar to that of the Royal Navy, and are recognised by the UK Ministry of Defence.
Buonalbergo
Buonalbergo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 70 km northeast of Naples and about twenty kilometers northeast of Benevento.

Buonalbergo borders the following municipalities: Apice, Casalbore, Montecalvo Irpino, Paduli, San Giorgio La Molara, and Sant'Arcangelo Trimonte.

Sant'Arcangelo Trimonte
Sant'Arcangelo Trimonte is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 70 km northeast of Naples and about 13 km east of Benevento.

Sant'Arcangelo Trimonte was part of Province of Avellino until 1978; its territory borders the following municipalities: Apice, Buonalbergo, Paduli.
2002 Pennsylvania lieutenant gubernatorial election
The Pennsylvania lieutenant gubernatorial election of 2002 was held on November 5, 2002. In Pennsylvania, the Lieutenant Governor is elected on the same ticket as the Governor, so the only campaign for this office was the primary election.

Jack Wagner (politician)
Jack E. Wagner (born January 4, 1948) is an American Democratic politician from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He served as Pennsylvania Auditor General, and previously served in the State Senate and Pittsburgh City Council.
Journal of Near-Death Studies
The Journal of Near-Death Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the field of near-death studies. It is published by the International Association for Near-Death Studies.

The journal's founding editor-in-chief was Kenneth Ring. Subsequent editors were Bruce Greyson and Janice Holden.

International Association for Near-Death Studies
The International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS) is a nonprofit organization based in Durham, North Carolina in the United States, associated with near-death studies.
The Association was founded in the US in 1981, in order to study and provide information on the phenomena of the near death experience (NDE). Today it has grown into an international organization, which includes a network of more than 50 local interest groups, and approximately 1,200 members worldwide. Local chapters, and support groups, are established in major U.S cities. IANDS also supports and assists near-death experiencers (NDErs) and people close to them. In one of its publications the organization has formulated its vision as one of building "global understanding of near-death and near-death-like experiences through research, education, and support".
Old Deer
Old Deer (Scots: Auld Deer, Scottish Gaelic: Dèir) is a parish and village in the district of Buchan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The population in 2011 was 152. The village lies on the A950, beside the Deer or South Ugie Water, 10.1 miles (16.3 km) west of Peterhead and 2 miles (3 km) from Mintlaw.
Industries include distilling, brewing, and the manufacture of woollens, and there are quarries of granite and limestone.

The village of New Deer (formerly called Auchreddie) lies about 7 miles (11 km) west of the older village; to the north of New Deer is the ruined Fedderate Castle.

River Ugie
The River Ugie or Ugie Water is a river in Buchan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

It is formed by the junction of two streams, the North Ugie and the South Ugie, which meet near Longside. From here, the river flows eastwards to fall into the North Sea near Buchanhaven, north of Peterhead.
Kisogawa, Aichi
Kisogawa (木曽川町, Kisogawa-chō) was a town located in Haguri District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

On April 1, 2005, Kisogawa, along with the city of Bisai, was merged into the expanded city of Ichinomiya.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 31,684 and a density of 3,331.65 persons per km2. The total area was 9.51 km2.

Ichinomiya, Aichi
Ichinomiya (一宮市, Ichinomiya-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The city is sometimes called Owarichinomiya to avoid confusion with other municipalities of the same name, including Ichinomiya (now part of the city of Toyokawa) and Ichinomiya in Chiba Prefecture. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 379,654 in 161,434 households, and a population density of 3,336 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 113.82 square kilometres (43.95 sq mi).
Order of Chaeronea
The Order of Chaeronea was a secret society for the cultivation of a homosexual moral, ethical, cultural, and spiritual ethos. Founded by George Cecil Ives in 1897, based on his belief that homosexuals would not be accepted openly in society, the Order offered a network for underground communication.

The secret Order was named for the 338 BCE battle where the Sacred Band of Thebes was ultimately defeated.

Sacred Band of Thebes
The Sacred Band of Thebes (Ancient Greek: Ἱερὸς Λόχος τῶν Θηβῶν, Hieròs Lóchos tôn Thēbôn) was an elite heavy infantry of select soldiers consisting of 150 pairs of male couples, 300 men total, organized by age that formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC. It was first organised under commander Gorgidas in 378 BC and later Pelopidas, and played a crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra. It was annihilated by Philip II of Macedon and young Alexander the Great in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC.
Thomas Dove
Thomas Dove (1555 – 30 August 1630) was Bishop of Peterborough from 1601 to 1630.

Dove was born in London, England, and educated at Merchant Taylors' School from 1564 to 1571.  He was named as one of the first scholars of Jesus College, Oxford in its foundation charter in 1571, but never attended.  Instead, he became a scholar at Pembroke College, Cambridge, obtaining his BA in 1575 and his MA in 1578. He was a Pembroke contemporary of Lancelot Andrewes, who had also been educated at Merchant Taylors' School and named as a founding scholar of Jesus College, Oxford.  Dove was ordained in 1578 and became vicar of Saffron Walden, Essex in 1580. Dove was a noted preacher, impressing Queen Elizabeth who remarked that she "thought the Holy Ghost was descended again in this Dove".

In 1589, Dove became Dean of Norwich and in 1601 he was consecrated Bishop of Peterborough, where he remained until his death in 1630.

Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Merchant Taylors' School is an 11–18 boys' public day school, founded in 1561 in London. The school has occupied various campuses. Since 1933 it has been at Sandy Lodge, a 285 acres (115 ha) site close to Northwood in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire. The school has 1100 students between the ages of 11 and 18. The school is an all-through school from age 3 to 18 after merging with Northwood Prep School in 2015.

Founded in 1561 by Sir Thomas White, Sir Richard Hilles, Emanuel Lucar and Stephen Hales, it was one of the nine English public schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission set up in 1861, and successfully argued that it should be omitted from the Public Schools Act 1868, as did St Paul's School, London, the other day school investigated by the Clarendon Commission.
Blue River Indian Reserve No. 1
Blue River 1 is the Statistics Canada census-area designation for what is properly termed the Blue River Indian Reserve No. 1, an Indian reserve in the Cassiar Country of the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada.  It is located on the left bank of the river of the same name at that river's confluence with the Dease River and is under the administration of the Liard First Nation, a member of the Kaska Tribal Council.

Liard River First Nation
The Liard River First Nation, also known as the Liard First Nation (pronounced "lee-ahrd") is a First Nation in the southeastern Yukon in Canada. Its main centres are Upper Liard and Watson Lake along the Alaska Highway. The language originally spoken by the people of this First Nation was Kaska and the First Nation is a member of the Kaska Tribal Council which is pursuing land claims in the Yukon and northern British Columbia. Their Indian and Northern Affairs Canada band number is 502.