hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Feng You-xian
Feng You-xian (Chinese: 冯友贤; 1919 - 2008) was a renowned vascular surgeon who pioneered and headed the department of vascular surgery at Shanghai First Medical College of Zhongshan Hospital, the most prestigious teaching hospital in the People’s Republic of China.

Dr. Feng authored the first textbook on vascular surgery, published in 1980 by Shanghai Kexue Jishu Chubanshe 上海科学技术出版社.

In the 1950s, Dr. Feng developed the first silk vascular prosthesis in Shanghai. In 1957, he successfully performed a lower limb aneurysm operation using this prosthesis, marking a significant milestone in the history of medicine since the establishment of the PRC in 1949.

Throughout the 1980s, he was invited to take up professorships at various institutions in the United States, including the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Loma Linda University School of Medicine in California. He also delivered guest lectures in Kuwait in the late 1980s.

Zhongshan Hospital
Zhongshan Hospital (simplified Chinese: 中山医院; traditional Chinese: 中山醫院), formerly Chung Shan Memorial Hospital, is a major teaching hospital in Shanghai, China, affiliated with the Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University.
Fundamenta Informaticae
Fundamenta Informaticae is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering computer science. The editor-in-chief is Bartek Klin. It was established in 1977 by the Polish Mathematical Society as Series IV of the Annales Societatis Mathematicae Polonae, with its main focus on theoretical foundations of computer science. The journal is currently hosted on the Episciences.org platform of the Center for direct scientific communication, and published by IOS Press under the auspices of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science.

Polish Mathematical Society
The Polish Mathematical Society (Polish: Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne) is the main professional society of Polish mathematicians and represents Polish mathematics within the European Mathematical Society (EMS) and the International Mathematical Union (IMU).
Kurt Hirsch
Kurt August Hirsch (12 January 1906 – 4 November 1986) was a German mathematician who moved to England to escape the Nazi persecution of Jews. His research was in group theory. He also worked to reform mathematics education and became a county chess champion. The Hirsch length and Hirsch–Plotkin radical are named after him.

Hirsch trained initially at the University of Berlin. In 1934 he fled Nazi Germany and arrived in Cambridge, where with the encouragement of Philip Hall he enrolled as a doctoral student at King's College, Cambridge, receiving his PhD on Infinite Soluble Groups in 1937. He then taught at the University of Leicester from 1938 (except for a brief internment on the Isle of Man as an enemy alien in 1940), moved to King's College, Newcastle in 1948, and then moved again to Queen Mary College in London in 1951, where he stayed for the remainder of his career and worked with K. W. Gruenberg.

Hirsch's doctoral students include Ismail Mohamed and Ascher Wagner.

Hirsch–Plotkin radical
In mathematics, especially in the study of infinite groups, the Hirsch–Plotkin radical is a subgroup describing the normal locally nilpotent subgroups of the group. It was named by Gruenberg (1961) after Kurt Hirsch and Boris I. Plotkin, who proved that the join of normal locally nilpotent subgroups is locally nilpotent; this fact is the key ingredient in its construction.

The Hirsch–Plotkin radical is defined as the subgroup generated by the union of the normal locally nilpotent subgroups (that is, those normal subgroups such that every finitely generated subgroup is nilpotent).  The Hirsch–Plotkin radical is itself a locally nilpotent normal subgroup, so is the unique largest such. In a finite group, the Hirsch–Plotkin radical coincides with the Fitting subgroup but for 
infinite groups the two subgroups can differ.  The subgroup generated by the union of infinitely many normal nilpotent subgroups need not itself be nilpotent, so the Fitting subgroup must be modified in this case.
Wesley Crusher
Wesley Crusher is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. He appears regularly in the first four seasons of the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG), and sporadically in its next three seasons. He also appeared in the feature film Star Trek: Nemesis (2002), in one episode apiece of the television series Star Trek: Picard (2022) and Star Trek: Lower Decks (2023), and as a main cast member in season 2 of Star Trek: Prodigy (2024). He is the son of Beverly Crusher and Jack Crusher and is portrayed by actor Wil Wheaton.

Wil Wheaton
Richard William "Wil" Wheaton III (born July 29, 1972) is an American actor and writer. He portrayed Wesley Crusher on the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, Gordie Lachance in the film Stand by Me, Joey Trotta in Toy Soldiers, and Bennett Hoenicker in Flubber.

Wheaton has also appeared in recurring voice acting roles as Aqualad in Teen Titans, Cosmic Boy in Legion of Super Heroes, Martin Brisby in The Secret of NIMH, and Mike Morningstar/Darkstar in the Ben 10 franchise's original continuity. He appeared regularly as a fictionalized version of himself on the sitcom The Big Bang Theory and in the roles of Fawkes on The Guild, Colin Mason on Leverage, and Dr. Isaac Parrish on Eureka.

Wheaton was the host and co-creator of the YouTube board game show TableTop. He has narrated numerous audio books, including Ready Player One and The Martian.
Hendricks, West Virginia
Hendricks is a town in Tucker County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 226 at the 2020 census. The Blackwater River and the Dry Fork join at Hendricks to form the Black Fork, a principal tributary of the Cheat River.

Tucker County, West Virginia
Tucker County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,762, making it West Virginia's fourth-least populous county. Its county seat is Parsons. The county was created in 1856 from a part of Randolph County, then part of Virginia. In 1871, a small part of Barbour County, was transferred to Tucker County. The county was named after Henry St. George Tucker, Sr., a judge and Congressman from Williamsburg, Virginia.
Sonic Boom Six
Sonic Boom Six (often shortened to SB6) are an English five-piece band from Manchester, United Kingdom. Their eclectic sound combines different elements of several genres and has been described by Kerrang! as "taking ska, pop, grime, dubstep, punk and metal apart, then rebuilding them as a hyperactive hybrid". Their lyrics tend to focus on social commentary with a live show known for "clashing activism and good times". The band's influences include Bad Brains, Public Enemy, The Fugees, The Specials, The Streets, and The Clash.

Coolie Ranx
Coolie Ranx (born Obiajula Ugbomah; 9 March 1965) is a British-American actor and singer best known for his membership in the third wave ska bands the Toasters and Pilfers. He is a long-time resident of New York City.
Baileys Harbor Light
The Baileys Harbor lighthouse is a lighthouse located near Baileys Harbor in Door County, Wisconsin.

Construction of Baileys Harbor Lighthouse began in 1852 and in 1853 David Ward became the first lighthouse keeper.  It was the third lighthouse constructed in Door County after the lighthouses on Rock Island and Plum Island.  An 1866 inspection declared the lighthouse was in "very defective condition" and in late fall of 1869 it closed.  This coincided with the opening of the Baileys Harbor Range Lights and the Cana Island Lighthouse in 1870 which replaced it.  Today the island is privately owned and the lighthouse is in decay but still standing.

It is one of four lighthouses in the country to have retained its bird-cage lantern.

Door County, Wisconsin
Door County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its population was 30,066 at the 2020 census. Its county seat and largest city is Sturgeon Bay.

Door County is named after the strait between the Door Peninsula and Washington Island. This dangerous passage, known as Death's Door, contains shipwrecks and was known to Native Americans and early French explorers. The county was created in 1851 and organized in 1861.

Nicknamed the "Cape Cod of the Midwest," Door County is a popular Upper Midwest vacation destination. Tourism is a major contributor to Door County's economy. It is Wisconsin's forty-fourth largest county in population, but it is the eighth largest in terms of economic impact from tourism (over $600 million in 2023). The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Juicy Lucy (band)
Juicy Lucy was a British blues rock band officially formed on 1 October 1969. After the demise of The Misunderstood, Juicy Lucy was formed by US-born steel guitarist Glenn Ross Campbell, and prolific Blackburn saxophonist Chris Mercer (born 1947). The group later recruited vocalist Ray Owen, guitarist Neil Hubbard, bassist Keith Ellis, and drummer Pete Dobson (born 1950).

The band name was inspired by a character in The Virgin Soldiers (1966) by Leslie Thomas.

The Misunderstood
The Misunderstood were an American psychedelic rock band originating from Riverside, California in the mid-1960s.  The band moved to London early in their career, and although they recorded only a handful of songs before being forced to disband, they are considered highly influential in the then-emerging genre.

Creem, in their September 2004 review, wrote, "The saga of the Misunderstood is one of the most unbelievable, heartbreaking, and unlikely stories in the entire history of rock."

Classic Rock's June 2010 issue stated, "The truth is that this band (the Misunderstood) were so far out on their own, so individual and innovative that you can only wonder at the set of circumstances that conspired to prevent them from becoming the iconic name that was surely their destiny."
Mostyn
Mostyn is a village and community in Flintshire, Wales, and electoral ward lying on the estuary of the River Dee, located near the town of Holywell. It has a privately owned port that has in the past had a colliery and ironworks and was involved in the export of commodities, and in present times services the offshore wind industry and shipped the wings for the Airbus A380 which were manufactured at Broughton.

River Dee, Wales
The River Dee (Welsh: Afon Dyfrdwy, Latin: Deva Fluvius) flows through North Wales and Cheshire, England. The majority of the river is located in Wales, with the stretch between Aldford and Saltney within England and two other sections forming the border between the two countries. The length of the section from Bala to Chester is 113 km (70 miles).

The river rises on Dduallt in Snowdonia and flows east through Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake), Corwen, and Llangollen. It turns north near Overton-on-Dee and forms part of the England–Wales border before fully entering England near Aldford, north-east of Wrexham. It flows through Chester then re-enters Wales near Saltney; the final section is canalised and discharges to the Irish Sea via an estuary 23 km (14 miles) long.
Louis Dupree (professor)
Louis Dupree (August 23, 1925 – March 21, 1989) was an American archaeologist, anthropologist, and scholar of Afghan culture and history. He was the husband of Nancy Hatch Dupree, who was the Board Director of the Afghanistan Center at Kabul University in Afghanistan and the author of five books about Afghanistan. The husband and wife team from the United States worked together for 15 years in Kabul, collecting as many works written about Afghanistan as they could. They travelled across the country from 1962 until the 1979 Soviet intervention, conducting archaeological excavations.

Kabul University
Kabul University (KU; د کابل پوهنتون/ دانشگاه کابل) is one of the major and oldest institutions of higher education in Afghanistan. It is in the 3rd District of the capital Kabul near the Ministry of Higher Education. It was founded in 1931 by King Mohammed Nadir Shah, whose prime minister at the time was his younger brother, Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan. Approximately 22,000 students attend Kabul University. In August 2021, before the Taliban takeover, nearly half were female.
Blue Mountains (1983 film)
Blue Mountains (Georgian: ცისფერი მთები ანუ დაუჯერებელი ამბავი, romanized: tsisperi mtebi anu daujerebeli ambavi) is a 1983 Soviet-Georgian comedy-drama film directed by Eldar Shengelaia, and co-written by Rezo Cheishvili. The plot concerns a passive young author (Ramaz Giorgobiani) who enters the Soviet-controlled bureaucracy of Georgia attempting to get his novel published only to be neglected and compartmentalized at every turn. The film was selected for screening as part of the Cannes Classics section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.

Eldar Shengelaia
Eldar Shengelaia (Georgian: ელდარ შენგელაია; 26 January 1933 – August 2025) was a Georgian film director and screenwriter who directed ten films between 1957 and 1996. From 1990 to 2004, he was a member of the Parliament of Georgia. He was awarded the title of the People's Artist of the USSR (1988). He was a chairman of the Film-makers' Union of Georgia from 1976. Beginning in 2008, he was chairman of the State Council of Heraldry at the Parliament of Georgia.
Darling of the Day
Darling of the Day is a musical with a book by Nunnally Johnson, lyrics by E. Y. Harburg, and music by Jule Styne. Based on the Arnold Bennett novel Buried Alive and his play The Great Adventure, the original 1968 Broadway production starred Vincent Price and Patricia Routledge, who won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical.

Jule Styne
Jule Styne (/ˈdʒuːli/ JOO-lee; born Julius Kerwin Stein; December 31, 1905 – September 20, 1994) was an English-American songwriter and composer widely known for a series of Broadway musicals, including several famous frequently-revived shows that also became successful films: Gypsy, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, and Funny Girl.
Curtiss Robin
The Curtiss Robin, introduced in 1928, is an American high-wing monoplane built by the Curtiss-Robertson Airplane Manufacturing Company.
The J-1 version was flown by Wrong Way Corrigan who crossed the Atlantic after being refused permission to do so.

Curtiss-Robertson Airplane Manufacturing Company
Curtiss-Robertson Airplane Manufacturing Company  was an American aircraft manufacturer formed to build the Curtiss Robin aircraft.

The company was founded on November 9, 1927, with a funding of $500,000. Initial production of its Curtiss Robin aircraft was at a factory in Garden City, Long Island. Production moved to St. Louis on August 7, 1928. On August 29, 1929, Curtiss had fully integrated Robertson into its business. In 1930, Travel Air was integrated into Curtiss-Robertson. In 1933, the company had fully merged with Curtiss-Wright with Robertson leaving.
Bielscy, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Bielscy [ˈbjɛlst͡sɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Narewka, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It is in one of five Polish/Belarusian bilingual Gmina in Podlaskie Voivodeship regulated by the Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Languages, which permits certain gminas with significant linguistic minorities to introduce a second, auxiliary language to be used in official contexts alongside Polish.

Gmina Narewka
Gmina Narewka (Belarusian: Гміна Нараўка) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. Its seat is the village of Narewka, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Hajnówka and 51 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 339.48 square kilometres (131.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,019.

It is one of five Polish/Belarusian bilingual Gmina in Podlaskie Voivodeship regulated by the Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Languages, which permits certain gminas with significant linguistic minorities to introduce a second, auxiliary language to be used in official contexts alongside Polish.
New Lucky House
New Lucky House (Chinese: 華豐大廈; Jyutping: Waa4 Fung1 daai6 haa6) is a composite building, including residential and commercial spaces, located in Jordan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, at the corner of Nathan Road and Jordan Road.

Nathan Road
Nathan Road (Chinese: 彌敦道) is the main thoroughfare in Kowloon, Hong Kong, aligned south–north from Tsim Sha Tsui to Sham Shui Po. It is lined with shops and restaurants and throngs with visitors, and was known in the post–World War II years as the Golden Mile, a name that is now rarely used. It starts on the southern part of Kowloon at its junction with Salisbury Road, a few metres north of Victoria Harbour, and ends at its intersection with Boundary Street in the north. Portions of the Kwun Tong and Tsuen Wan lines (Prince Edward, Mong Kok, Yau Ma Tei, Jordan and Tsim Sha Tsui) run underneath Nathan Road. The total length of Nathan Road is about 3.6 km (2.2 mi).
Zsiga Pankotai
Zsiga Pankotai (1930 – 29 June 1961) was a 31-year-old Hungarian-born British man who was hanged for murder on Thursday, 29 June 1961 at Armley Gaol, Leeds, West Yorkshire, (now HM Prison Leeds). He was hanged by Harry Allen for the murder of Jack Eli Myers in a house burglary in the city's affluent Roundhay district. Under the Homicide Act 1957, murder during the course or furtherance of theft was considered capital murder and the sentence in the event of conviction was one of death. He was the last man to be hanged at Armley Gaol.

Pankotia was tried, convicted and sentenced at Leeds Assizes (then seated at Leeds Town Hall). The hanging was the first in Leeds since 1959.

Leeds Combined Court Centre
Leeds Combined Court Centre is a Crown Court venue, which deals with criminal cases, and a County Court venue, which deals with civil cases, in Oxford Row, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is adjacent to Leeds Magistrates Courts.
Robert Sternberg
Robert J. Sternberg (born December 8, 1949) is an American psychologist and psychometrician. He is a professor of Human Development at Cornell University. Sternberg received his BA from Yale University and a PhD from Stanford University under advisor Gordon Bower. He is a distinguished associate of the Psychometrics Centre at the University of Cambridge.

Among his major contributions to psychology, the most notable are the triarchic theory of intelligence and several influential theories related to creativity, wisdom, thinking styles, love, hate, and leadership. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Sternberg as the 60th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Roma Memorial Center Uštica
The Roma Memorial Center Uštica commemorates the Romani victims of genocide in Croatia during World War II. Uštica, located near Jasenovac, where thousands of Roma were executed by the Ustaše regime, the site was largely neglected until recent years. Initially marked by a memorial plaque in 1971, the area gained renewed attention in 2012, leading to efforts by the Croatian Romani Union "Kali Sara" to establish a permanent museum. Opened on August 2, 2020, the center serves as a site of remembrance and education, coinciding with the International Roma Genocide Remembrance Day. Uštica, situated approximately 110 km southeast of Zagreb, was a site of mass executions where Roma deported to the Jasenovac concentration camp by the Ustaše regime of the Independent State of Croatia during the World War II.

Uštica
Uštica is a village in central Croatia, in the municipality of Jasenovac, Sisak-Moslavina County.

It is located just west of the confluence of the Una into the Sava, and connected by the D47 highway to Jasenovac in the north, and Dubica in the southwest. Across the border with Bosnia is the village of Donja Gradina.
Wind power in Ohio
Wind power in Ohio has a long history. As of 2016, Ohio had 545 megawatts (MW) of utility-scale wind power installations, responsible for generating 1.1% of the state's electricity. Over 1000 MW more were under construction or pending approval. Some installations have become tourist attractions. There has been a sudden increase in generating capacity, as the total wind power capacity in the state was just 9.7 MW in 2010.

Ohio's first large wind farm, Timber Road II near Payne in northwest Ohio, opened on October 6, 2011. It was surpassed in June 2012 by the 304 MW Blue Creek Wind Farm. By 2019, there were 738 MW of capacity, which generated 1.71% of Ohio's electricity.

Blue Creek Wind Farm
The Blue Creek Wind Farm spanning Paulding and Van Wert County became the largest wind farm in the U.S. state of Ohio at approximately 40,500 acres upon its completion in 2012. With a generating capacity of 304 megawatts (MW), it produces enough electricity to service the equivalent of about 76,000 homes. It was the largest private investment in the state in 2011, with the construction alone directly employing about 500 workers. The annual land lease payments, operations and maintenance employment, and property and income tax revenues provide an ongoing stimulus to the local rural economy.
Alabama Plating Company Superfund site
The Alabama Plating Company Superfund site is a former industrial site in Vincent, Alabama. The site covers 6 acres and was used by the Alabama Plating Company as an electroplating facility between 1956-1986. The facility caused contamination of the ground water with hazardous waste containing heavy metals. After assessment by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) it was added to the National Priorities List in September 2012 for remedial action. The site cleanup is directed by the federal Superfund program.

Vincent, Alabama
Vincent, originally known as Propel, is a city in Shelby, St. Clair, and Talladega counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,982. The community was first known as Propel, but later named Vincent in honor of the Vincent family, who were early settlers of the area. It was incorporated in 1897.
2016 Players Championship
The 2016 Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour, held May 12–15 at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach, southeast of Jacksonville. It was the 43rd Players Championship.

Jason Day, number one in the world rankings and reigning PGA Champion, led wire-to-wire to win his first Players, four strokes ahead of runner-up Kevin Chappell. With favorable scoring conditions early, Day was at 129 (−15) after 36 holes and then shot even par on the weekend.

Defending champion Rickie Fowler missed the 36-hole cut by a stroke.

Ken Duke
Kenneth Wootson Duke (born January 29, 1969) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour Champions. He formerly played on the PGA Tour, with his sole victory coming at the 2013 Travelers Championship.