hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Hallam railway station
West Hallam railway station was a railway station located between the villages of Stanley and West Hallam in Derbyshire, England. It was opened by the Great Northern Railway (Great Britain) on its Derbyshire Extension in 1878.

West Hallam
West Hallam is a large village and civil parish west of Ilkeston in the county of Derbyshire in the East Midlands region of England. West Hallam has had its own parish council since 1894 and, since 1974, has been part of the Erewash borough. The population of the civil parish was 4,829 at the 2001 census reducing to 4,686 at the 2011 census.
Wasserstein GAN
The Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (WGAN) is a variant of generative adversarial network (GAN) proposed in 2017 that aims to "improve the stability of learning, get rid of problems like mode collapse, and provide meaningful learning curves useful for debugging and hyperparameter searches".

Compared with the original GAN discriminator, the Wasserstein GAN discriminator provides a better learning signal to the generator. This allows the training to be more stable when generator is learning distributions in very high dimensional spaces.

Wasserstein metric
In mathematics, the Wasserstein distance or Kantorovich–Rubinstein metric is a distance function defined between probability distributions on a given metric space . It is named after Leonid Vaseršteĭn.

Intuitively, if each distribution is viewed as a unit amount of earth (soil) piled on , the metric is the minimum "cost" of turning one pile into the other, which is assumed to be the amount of earth that needs to be moved times the mean distance it has to be moved.  This problem was first formalised by Gaspard Monge in 1781.  Because of this analogy, the metric is known in computer science as the earth mover's distance.
Michel Venne
Michel Venne (born 1960) is a Canadian journalist, author and intellectual. He was a columnist for the Montreal newspaper Le Devoir. He is founder and director of the Institut du Nouveau Monde. Venne is a vocal advocate of Quebec independence  and of progressive, social democratic politics.

Venne studied communications at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM) and  political science at Université Laval, in Quebec City. At Le Devoir, he has  been parliamentary correspondent at the National Assembly of Quebec, editor, and news director. He is editor of L'annuaire du Québec, an  exhaustive annual publication on Quebec affairs, sold in bookstores.

On June 23, 2021, Venne was found guilty of sexual assault against Quebec media personality Léa Clermont-Dion when she was a minor. The verdict of 6 months in prison was appealed. The appeal was dismissed on August 28, 2024.

Léa Clermont-Dion
Léa Clermont-Dion (born 5 April 1991) is a Canadian author, feminist, television and radio host, and body image advocate.  She was a co-facilitator, with Jacinthe Veillette, and spokesperson of the Québec Charter for a Healthy and Diverse Body Image. Clermont-Dion came to public attention during an appearance on the television programme Tout le monde en parle in October 2009. She is a doctoral student in political science at Laval University and the author of La revanche des moches (2014) and Les Superbes (2016).
Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District
Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان صيدون جنوبی) is in Ala District of Seydun County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Alad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Rudzir.

Rudzir
Rudzir (Persian: رودزير) is a village in, and the capital of, Rudzir Rural District of Ala District, Seydun County, Khuzestan province, Iran. It was the capital of Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Alad.
Juroku Bank
Juroku Bank (十六銀行, Jūroku ginkō) is a Japanese regional bank founded in Gifu, Gifu Prefecture as the 16th National Bank in 1877, which was reorganized to the ordinary commercial bank and renamed to Juroku Bank in 1896.

It has been strengthening comprehensive financial services while experiencing a series of bank mergers. Its shares of stock were listed in 1969 on the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange and Nagoya Stock Exchange and have been traded as TYO: 8356. In 2012, it merged with Gifu Bank as the surviving bank.

Regional bank (Japan)
A regional bank (chihō ginkō 地方銀行 or chigin 地銀) is a Japanese term for one of the 100 banks who are members of the Regional Banks Association of Japan (zenkoku chihōginkō kyōkai 全国地方銀行協会). They usually have their head office in the capital city of one of the 47 prefectures of Japan, serving mainly its local prefectural customers. Historically, regional banks in the same areas tend to merge over time, reducing overheads while increasing their strength and regional footprint.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Gulf County, Florida
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Gulf County, Florida.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Gulf County, Florida, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 4 properties listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Gulf County, Florida
Gulf County is a county located in the panhandle of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,192. Its county seat is Port St. Joe. Gulf County is included in the Panama City, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Florida State Road 527
State Road 527 (SR 527) is a major arterial road through the Orlando MSA extending 20 miles (32 km) through Orange County. Its southern terminus is at SR 482. Much of the route runs in close proximity to the SunRail commuter railroad line.

Osceola County, Florida
Osceola County (/ˌɒsiˈoʊlə/ OSS-ee-OH-lə) is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 388,656. Its county seat is Kissimmee. Osceola County is included in the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Fla. Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Being 54.3% Hispanic, Osceola is one of three Hispanic-majority counties in Florida, owing to its large Puerto Rican American population. It also is the 12th-largest majority-Hispanic county in the nation.
John Collier Jr.
John Collier Jr. (May 22, 1913 – February 25, 1992) was an American anthropologist and an early leader in the fields of visual anthropology and applied anthropology.  His emphasis on analysis and use of still photographs in ethnography led him to significant contributions in other subfields of anthropology, especially the applied anthropology of education. His book, Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method (1967) is one of the earliest textbooks in the field. His photographs are archived at the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque.

Roy Stryker
Roy Emerson Stryker (November 5, 1893 – September 27, 1975) was an American economist, government official, and photographer. He headed the Information Division of the Farm Security Administration (FSA) during the Great Depression, and launched the documentary photography program of the FSA. It hired photographers to travel across the United States and document people in different areas and settings as part of showing the state of people in rural areas in those years. Specific projects were conceived to help assess effects of government programs.

He later worked several years on a documentary project for Standard Oil, established the  Pittsburgh Photographic Library (PPL), consulted with other companies, and taught photo-journalism at University of Missouri. In his later years he returned to the West, living at last in Colorado.
Prehistoric Iberia
Prehistory in the Iberian peninsula begins with the arrival of the first Homo genus representatives from Africa, which may range from c. 1.5 million years (Ma) ago to c. 1.25 Ma ago, depending on the dating technique employed, so it is set at c. 1.3 Ma ago for convenience.

The end of Iberian prehistory coincides with the first entrance of the Roman army into the peninsula, in 218 BC, which led to the progressive dissolution of pre-Roman peoples in Roman culture. This end date is also conventional, since pre-Roman writing systems can be traced to as early as 5th century BC.

Castro of Vila Nova de São Pedro
The Castro of Vila Nova de São Pedro is a Chalcolithic archaeological site in the civil parish of Vila Nova de São Pedro, municipality of Azambuja, in the Portuguese Estremadura area of Lezíria do Tejo. It is important for the discovery of thousands of arrowheads within its fortified settlement, associated with the Chalcolithic period of human settlement, and in particular with the long-lived fortified town, or castro, of Zambujal, near the municipality of Torres Vedras. This period of "urban" settlement lasted from 2600 to 1300 BCE, and during this time the Castro of Vila Nova was a contemporary of the southeastern Spanish settlements of  Los Millares and El Argar.
Pitt Strait (Indonesia)
Pitt Strait (Indonesia)  (a.k.a. Pitt's Strait, Sagewin Strait), falls within the waters of the Indonesian province of Southwest Papua. The strait separates the Raja Ampat islands of Batanta and Salawati and links the Ceram Sea to the Pacific Ocean. To its west lies Dampier Strait, which separates Batanta island from Waigeo island. The Sagewin Strait name refers to Sagewin Island, which lies at the south east side of Pitt Strait, close to Salawati.

Batanta
Batanta is one of the four major islands in the Raja Ampat Islands in Southwest Papua province, Indonesia. Its area is 479.52 km2 (including smaller offshore islands) and its highest point is 1184 m. The Pitt Strait separates it from Salawati Island, while the Dampier Strait separates it from Waigeo Island. The population was estimated at 4,001 as at mid 2024.

Dampier Strait is named after the English explorer William Dampier. In 1759 Captain William Wilson sailing in the East Indiaman Pitt navigated these waters and named the channel between Batanta and Salawati as Pitt Strait, after his vessel.
New Mexico Corrections Department
The New Mexico Corrections Department (NMCD; Spanish: Departamento de Correcciones de Nuevo México) is a state agency of New Mexico, headquartered in unincorporated Santa Fe County, near Santa Fe. It the department operates corrections facilities, probate and parole programs, a prisoner reentry services, and an offender database.

New Mexico State Penitentiary riot
The New Mexico State Penitentiary riot, which took place on February 2 and 3, 1980, at the Penitentiary of New Mexico (PNM) south of Santa Fe, was the most violent prison riot in U.S. history. Inmates took complete control of the prison and twelve officers were taken hostage. Several inmates were killed by other prisoners, with some being tortured and mutilated because they had previously acted as informants for prison authorities. Police regained control of PNM 36 hours after the riots had begun. By then, thirty-three inmates had died and more than two hundred were treated for injuries. None of the twelve officers taken hostage were killed, but seven suffered serious injuries caused by beatings and rapes.

There had been riots at PNM before it moved in 1956, the first occurring on July 19, 1922, and the second on June 15, 1953.
Fitz Roy
Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.
  It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chaltén village and Viedma Lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone.

Francisco Moreno
Francisco Pascasio Moreno (May 31, 1852 – November 22, 1919) was a prominent explorer and academic in Argentina, where he is usually referred to as Perito Moreno (perito means "specialist, expert"). Perito Moreno has been credited as one of the most influential figures in the Argentine incorporation of large parts of Patagonia and its subsequent development.
Castillo de la Real Fuerza
The Castillo de la Real Fuerza (Castle of the Royal Force) is a bastion fort on the western side of the harbour in Havana, Cuba, set back from the entrance, and bordering the Plaza de Armas. Originally built to defend against attack by pirates, it suffered from a poor location; it was too far inside the bay. The fort is considered to be the oldest stone fort in the Americas, and was listed in 1982 as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of "Old Havana and its Fortifications".

Old Havana
Old Havana (Spanish: La Habana Vieja) is the city-center (downtown) and one of the 15 municipalities (or boroughs) forming Havana, Cuba. It has the second highest population density in the city and contains the core of the original city of Havana. The positions of the original Havana city walls are the modern boundaries of Old Havana.

In 1982, Old Havana was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List, because of its unique Baroque and neoclassical architecture, its fortifications, and its historical importance as a stop on the route to the New World. A safeguarding campaign was launched a year later to restore the authentic character of the buildings.
Kersana Malima
Kersa Malima or Kersa and Malima, is a Aanaa in Oromia, Ethiopia. Part of the Southwest Shewa Zone, Kersana Mailma is bordered on the south by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the west by Kokir, on the northwest by Tole, on the northeast by Sebeta Hawas, and on the east by the East Shewa Zone; the Awash defines the boundary between this woreda and Alem Gena and the Misraq Shewa Zone. The major town in Kersana Malima is Leman. Sodo Dacha woreda was separated from Kersana Malima.

The altitude of this woreda ranges from 1500 to 2900 meters above sea level. Local landmarks include the Melka Kunture prehistoric archeological site, where finds from the Paleolithic through the Neolithic periods have been recovered, and Adadi Maryam church, the southernmost existing rock-hewn church in the style of the better known monolithic churches of the Tigray Region.

Seden Sodo
Seden Sodo is one of the woredas  in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. it is bordered on the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, Gedebeno Gutezer Wereda or Gurage zone on the west by weliso, by north by Bacho wereda  on the northeast by Tole wereda, and on the east by Kersa Malima. The major town in Seden Sodo is Harbu Chulule.
My Princess
"My Princess" is the season seven finale and the 150th overall episode of the American television sitcom Scrubs. It was written by Mark Stegemann and directed by series main star Zach Braff. It was originally aired on May 8, 2008 on NBC, and was the last episode of the series to air on NBC before the series moved to ABC. Although produced as episode 9, the episode was rearranged to be the season finale due to the season being cut short because of the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.

Elliot Reid
Elliot Reid-Dorian, M.D. is a fictional character played by Sarah Chalke in the American comedy-drama Scrubs. She appeared in every episode during the first eight seasons, except for two Season 8 episodes, "My Last Words" and "My Lawyer's in Love".

Chalke was a regular cast member for the first eight seasons and appeared in four episodes of Season 9. Elliot is a close friend and a frequent love interest to protagonist John "J.D." Dorian (Zach Braff) for the first eight seasons, and in Season 9, she becomes his wife. The character of Elliot Reid is also close to other series characters, including Carla Espinosa (Judy Reyes) and Christopher Turk (Donald Faison).
LTM 51
Locomotive 51 of the Limburgsche Tramweg Maatschappij was a Garratt locomotive. It was the only Garratt type locomotive in the Netherlands. The locomotive was designed for operation on the line Maastricht - Vaals, which required a locomotive with at least 5 coupled axles. A conventional locomotive of this size would experience too much rolling resistance in the many curves on this line, which were typical tramway curves of small radius.

Garratt locomotive
A Garratt locomotive is a type of three-part articulated steam locomotive invented by the engineer Herbert William Garratt. Its boiler, firebox, and cab are mounted on a centre frame or "bridge". The two other parts, one at each end, have a pivot to support the central frame; they consist of a steam engine unit – with driving wheels, trailing wheels, valve gear, and cylinders, and above it, fuel and/or water storage.

Articulation permits locomotives to negotiate curves that might restrict large rigid-framed locomotives. The design also provides more driving wheels per unit of locomotive weight, permitting operation on lightly engineered track. Garratt locomotives produced as much as twice the tractive effort of the largest conventional locomotives of railways that introduced them, reducing the need for multiple locomotives and crews.
Yayla Arena
Yayla Arena, formerly known as KönigPALAST from 2004 to 2018, is an arena in Krefeld, Germany.  It is primarily used for ice hockey, and is the Home to the Krefeld Pinguine. It opened in 2004 and holds 8,029 people. The original name sponsor was the König Brewery from Duisburg.

Krefeld Pinguine
The Krefeld Pinguine (Krefeld Penguins) are an ice hockey team in the DEL2. Their home ice is in Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany at the Yayla Arena. Founded in 1936 by entrepreneur Willi Münstermann, the pro team became a limited liability company in 1994 and joined the top tier Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). In their history, they have won the German championship three times: 1951, 1952, and 2003.
Government Internal Audit Agency
The Government Internal Audit Agency (GIAA) is an executive agency of the government of the United Kingdom, sponsored by HM Treasury. It was established in April 2015, following the earlier publication of the Treasury's 2013 Financial Management Review.

The Government Internal Audit Agency is intended to help government departments to manage public money effectively by developing better governance, risk management and internal controls. As of 2024 the GIAA employs around 500 people in 40 locations across the UK. Its customers include 15 government departments and over 130 associated government bodies.

Executive agency
An executive agency is a part of a government department that is treated as managerially and budgetarily separate, to carry out some part of the executive functions of the United Kingdom government, Scottish Government, Welsh Government or Northern Ireland Executive. Executive agencies are "machinery of government" devices distinct both from non-ministerial government departments and non-departmental public bodies (or "quangos"), each of which enjoy legal and constitutional separation from ministerial control.  The model has been applied in several other countries.
U.S. Route 27 in Tennessee
U.S. Route 27 (US 27) in Tennessee runs from the Georgia state line in Chattanooga to the Kentucky state line in Isham. It forms the informal border between the Eastern and Central time zones of the state while staying in the Eastern Time Zone.

Tennessee State Route 1
State Route 1 (SR 1), known as the Memphis to Bristol Highway, is a 538.8-mile-long (867.1 km) mostly-unsigned state highway in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It stretches from the Arkansas state line at Memphis in the southwest corner of the state to Bristol in the northeast part. Most of the route travels concurrently with U.S. Route 70 (US 70) and US 11W. It is the longest highway of any kind in the state of Tennessee. The route is signed as both in the state of Tennessee, a Primary and Secondary Highway (at different times throughout its designation)

In 2015, the Tennessee Department of Transportation erected signs along SR 1 showing motorists they are traveling on the Memphis to Bristol Highway, Tennessee's first state road. TDOT installed the signs at every county line while it celebrated its 100th anniversary.
Monteluco
Monteluco  is a frazione (borough) of the comune of Spoleto, in Umbria, central Italy. Having a population of just 27, it is located on a limestone mountain covered by woods, at 780 meters over the sea level.

The name derives from the Latin lucus, meaning a wood sacred to Jupiter. At the entrance of the wood was found a stone copy of the Lex luci spoletina, written in Old Latin and dating to the 3rd century BC.

Sights include:

Convent of St. Francis (13th century)

Romanesque church of St. Peter (5th century), in Romanesque style

Church of St. Julian (12th century), in Romanesque style, built over a 6th-century site, containing a nave and two aisles, with semicircular apses and a crypt

Grottoes of the Hermits

42°43′22″N 12°45′11″E﻿ / ﻿42.72278°N 12.75306°E﻿ / 42.72278; 12.75306

Spoleto
42°45′23″N 12°41′08″E﻿ / ﻿42.7564791°N 12.68547°E﻿ / 42.7564791; 12.68547
Spoleto (/spəˈleɪtoʊ/, also US: /spoʊˈleɪtoʊ, spoʊˈliːtoʊ/, UK: /spoʊˈlɛtoʊ/, Italian: [spoˈleːto]; Latin: Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is 20 km (12 mi) south of Trevi, 29 km (18 mi) north of Terni, 63 km (39 mi) southeast of Perugia; 212 km (132 mi) southeast of Florence; and 126 km (78 mi) north of Rome.
Fourth Air Force
The Fourth Air Force (4 AF) is a numbered air force of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). It is headquartered at March Air Reserve Base, California.

4 AF directs the activities and supervises the training of more than 30,000 Air Force Reservists.  If called to active duty, 4 AF's ready reserve units would be assigned to Air Mobility Command, Air Education and Training Command, and Pacific Air Forces. Several airfields are associated with the Fourth Air Force.

One of the four original pre–World War II numbered air forces, 4 AF was activated on 18 December 1940, at March Field, California with a mission of air defense of the Southwestern United States and Lower Midwest regions. During the war, its primary mission became the organization and training of combat units prior to their deployment to the overseas combat air forces.

4 AF is commanded by Major General Derin S. Durham.

Aerospace Defense Command
Aerospace Defense Command was a major command of the United States Air Force, responsible for air defense of the continental United States. It was activated in 1968 and disbanded in 1980. Its predecessor, Air Defense Command, was established in 1946, briefly inactivated in 1950, reactivated in 1951, and then redesignated Aerospace rather than Air in 1968. Its mission was to provide air defense of the Continental United States (CONUS). It directly controlled all active measures, and was tasked to coordinate all passive means of air defense.
Slave Compensation Act 1837
The Slave Compensation Act 1837 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 3) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, signed into law on 23 December 1837.

Together with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 73), it authorized the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt to compensate slave owners in the British colonies in the amount of approximately £20 million for the freeing of slaves. Based on a government census of 1 August 1834, more than 40,000 awards to slave owners were issued. Since some of the payments were converted into 3.5% government annuities, they lasted until 2015. Most were sold and the money sent abroad for investment.

Reparations for slavery
Reparations for slavery are financial compensation, legal remedy of damages, public apology and guarantees of non-repetition of enslavement. Victims of slavery can refer to historical slavery or ongoing slavery in the 21st century. Some reparations for slavery date back to the 18th century.