hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Motion Picture Patents Company
The Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC, also known as the Edison Trust), founded in December 1908 and effectively terminated in 1915 after it lost a federal antitrust suit, was a trust  of all the major American film companies and local foreign-branches (Edison, Biograph, Vitagraph, Essanay, Selig Polyscope, Lubin Manufacturing, Kalem Company, Star Film Paris, American Pathé), the leading film distributor (George Kleine) and the biggest supplier of raw film stock, Eastman Kodak.  The MPPC ended the domination of foreign films on American screens, standardized the manner in which films were distributed and exhibited within the United States, and improved the quality of American motion pictures by internal competition. It also discouraged its members' entry into feature film production, and the use of outside financing, both to its members' eventual detriment.

Selig Polyscope Company
The Selig Polyscope Company was an American motion picture company that was founded in 1896 by William Selig in Chicago, Illinois. The company produced hundreds of early, widely distributed commercial moving pictures, including the first films starring Tom Mix, Harold Lloyd, Colleen Moore, and Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle. Selig Polyscope also established Southern California's first permanent movie studio, in the historic Edendale district of Los Angeles.

Ending film production in 1918, the business, which had become known for its film production animals, became an animal and prop supplier to other studios and a zoo and amusement park attraction in East Los Angeles (Lincoln Heights).  The amusement park and zoo went into decline during the Great Depression in the 1930s.

In 1947, William Selig and several other early movie producers and directors shared a special Academy Honorary Award to acknowledge their role in building the film industry.
Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai
Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai is a 2010 Indian Marathi-language romance film directed and co-written by Satish Rajwade. The film was released in Maharashtra on 11 June 2010 and stars Swapnil Joshi and Mukta Barve as the only two unnamed characters from different cities of Pune and Mumbai, respectively, and the film is about how their competitive spirits bring them together. The film was critically and commercially successful at the box office and is the first installment of the Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai film series before its two sequels titled Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai 2 (2015) and Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai 3 (2018). The film was remade in Hindi in 2014 as Mumbai Delhi Mumbai, in Kannada as Pyarge Aagbittaite, in Telugu as Made in Vizag  and in Punjabi as Chandigarh Amritsar Chandigarh. In Gujarati, it is remade as "Taari Saathe".

Avinash–Vishwajeet
Avinash–Vishwajeet are a Marathi film composer duo consisting of Avinash Chandrachood and Vishwajeet Joshi. They have written the scores for films such as Sanngto Aika…!, Popat, Premachi Goshta, Badam Rani Gulam Chor, Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai. Avinash–Vishwajeet is their professional name and appears on the covers of their music CDs and DVDs.  Apart from music direction, Vishwajeet Joshi is also a lyricist.
ATREX
The ATREX engine (Air Turbo Ramjet Engine with eXpander cycle) developed in Japan is an experimental precooled jet engine that works as a turbojet at low speeds and a ramjet up to mach 6.0.

ATREX uses liquid hydrogen fuel in a fairly exotic single-fan arrangement. The liquid hydrogen fuel is pumped through a heat exchanger in the air-intake, simultaneously heating the liquid hydrogen and cooling the incoming air. This cooling of the incoming air is critical in achieving a reasonable efficiency. The hydrogen then continues through a second heat exchanger positioned after the combustion section, where the hot exhaust is used to further heat the hydrogen, turning it in a very high pressure gas. This gas is then passed through the tips of the fan providing driving power to the fan at subsonic speeds. After mixing with the air, the hydrogen is burned in the combustion chamber.

The development of this engine lost focus in favor of the new hypersonic precooled turbojet engine (PCTJ).

Precooled jet engine
A precooled jet engine is a concept that enables jet engines with turbomachinery, as opposed to ramjets, to be used at high speeds. Precooling restores some or all of the performance degradation of the engine compressor (by preventing rotating stall/choking/reduced flow), as well as that of the complete gas generator (by maintaining a significant combustor temperature rise within a fixed turbine temperature limit), which would otherwise prevent flight with high ram temperatures.
Royal Northern College of Music
The Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM) is a conservatoire in Manchester, England. It is one of four conservatoires associated with the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. In addition to being a centre of music education, the RNCM is a busy and diverse public performance venue.

ABRSM
The ABRSM (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music) is an examination board and registered charity based in the United Kingdom. ABRSM is one of five examination boards accredited by Ofqual to award graded exams and diploma qualifications in music within the UK's National Qualifications Framework (along with the London College of Music, RSL Awards (Rockschool Ltd), Trinity College London, and the Music Teachers' Board). 'The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music' was established in 1889 and rebranded as ABRSM in 2009. The clarifying strapline "the exam board of the Royal Schools of Music" was introduced in 2012.

More than 600,000 candidates take ABRSM exams each year in over 90 countries. ABRSM also provides a publishing house for music which produces syllabus booklets, sheet music and exam papers and runs professional development courses and seminars for teachers.

ABRSM is one of the UK's 200 largest charitable organisations ranked by annual expenditure.
2024 Nottingham Open
The 2024 Nottingham Open (also known as the Rothesay Open Nottingham for sponsorship purposes) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 16th edition of the event for women and the 28th edition for men. It was classified as a WTA 250 tournament on the 2024 WTA Tour for the women, and as an ATP Challenger Tour event for the men. The event took place at the Nottingham Tennis Centre in Nottingham, United Kingdom from 10 to 16 June 2024.

2024 WTA Tour
The 2024 WTA Tour (branded as the 2024 Hologic WTA Tour for sponsorship reasons) was the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2024 tennis season. The 2024 WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Finals), the team events United Cup (combined event with ATP) and the Summer Olympic Games.
Yan Ying
Yan Ying (c. 578–500 BC), better known as Yanzi, was a Chinese philosopher and minister of the state of Qi during China's Spring and Autumn period. An elder contemporary of Confucius, Yanzi has been described as "by far the most creative thinker of the Chunqiu age". He is traditionally credited with the Warring States text Yanzi Chunqiu, the Annals of Master Yan.

Duke Zhuang II of Qi
Duke Zhuang of Qi, known in historiography as Duke Zhuang II of Qi (Chinese: 齊後莊公; pinyin: Qí Hòu Zhuāng Gōng) to distinguish from the earlier ruler with the same posthumous name, personal name Lü Guang, was a duke of the Qi state, reigning from 553 BC to 548 BC.
Mike McCurry (press secretary)
Michael Demaree McCurry (born October 27, 1954) is an American communications consultant who served in United States President Bill Clinton's administration as the White House Press Secretary.

McCurry is associated with the firm Public Strategies Washington, Inc. He is also active within the administration of the United Methodist Church, serving as a lay delegate to the Church General Conference and on various denominational boards. From 2009 to 2017, he co-chaired the Commission on Presidential Debates. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, he was educated at Princeton University and Georgetown University.

Junior State of America
The Junior State of America (formerly the Junior Statesmen of America), abbreviated JSA, was an American non-partisan youth organization. The purpose of JSA was to help high school students acquire leadership skills and the knowledge necessary to be effective debaters and civic participants. JSA was sponsored by the Junior State of America Foundation Inc. (JSAF, a 501c(3) non-profit corporation), which also operated the JSA Summer Schools. On August 2nd, 2024, it was announced that the organization would be closing and ceasing operations on August 31, 2024. In response, new organizations were formed by former JSA students and staff: Civic Leaders of America (CLA) by the school year student leaders and Students for Civic Impact by summer program students and staff.
Mount Hope Miners' Church
The Mount Hope Miners' Church, also known as the Mount Hope Methodist Episcopal Church, is located on Mount Hope Road in the Mount Hope section of Rockaway Township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. The historic wood frame church was built in 1868 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 20, 2012, for its significance in architecture, social history, and religion. It features an octagonal bell tower with a dome cupola. The church was damaged on July 10, 1926, when lightning struck an ammunition building at the Picatinny Arsenal near Lake Denmark.

Mount Hope, New Jersey
Mount Hope is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) that is a part of Rockaway Township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 2,930.
House I
House I is a sculpture by Roy Lichtenstein. It has an illusion, which makes it appear inside out, or normally, depending on which way the viewer sees it.

It is located at the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden.

It was constructed of painted aluminum, modeled in 1996 and constructed in 1999.

Among his last works, it was a part of the House series (Lichtenstein). House II was shown at the Venice Biennale in 1997, and House III was shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden
The National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden is the most recent addition to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. in the United States.  It is located in the National Mall between the National Gallery's West Building and the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History.

Completed and opened to the public on May 23, 1999, the location provides an outdoor setting for exhibiting several pieces from the museum's contemporary sculpture collection. The collection is centered on a fountain which, from December to March, is converted to an ice-skating rink.  (Such a rink predated the construction of the garden.)  The outdoor Pavilion Café lies adjacent to the garden.

Laurie Olin and his firm, OLIN, were the landscape architects who redesigned the garden.
Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park
Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park and birdwatching area located in north-central Alberta, Canada.

The park is located on the northeastern shore of the Lesser Slave Lake (while Hilliard's Bay Provincial Park, Lesser Slave Lake Wildland and Grouard Trail Park Reserve stand on the northwestern shore), 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north from the town of Slave Lake on Highway 88.

Marten Mountain Viewpoint overlooks the lake at an elevation of 983 metres (3,225 ft). The Boreal Centre for Bird Conservation, an education and research centre, is also located in the park. The centre is a transit place for more than 246 bird species (including 23 species of wood warblers).

Lesser Slave Lake
Lesser Slave Lake is located in northern Alberta, Canada, northwest of Edmonton.  It is the second largest lake entirely within Alberta boundaries (and the largest easily accessible by vehicle), covering 1,160 km2 (450 sq mi) and measuring over 100 km (62 mi) long and 15 km (9.3 mi) at its widest point. Lesser Slave Lake averages 11.4 m (37 ft) in depth and is 20.5 m (67 ft) at its deepest. It drains eastwards into the Athabasca River by way of the Lesser Slave River.

The town of Slave Lake is located at the eastern tip of the lake, around the outflow of Lesser Slave River.
Tanjung Timur
Tandjong Oost (English "East Cape"; Indonesian "Tanjung Timur"), also known as Groeneveld (English "green field"), was a particuliere land, or private domain, in modern-day Pasar Rebo, East Jakarta, Indonesia. It was one of two estates located on the banks of the Ciliwung river: Tandjong Oost to the east of the river, and Tandjong West to the west.

The former domain contains an 18th-century Dutch colonial manor house, similarly called Landhuis Tandjong Oost. The house was burned down in 1985, and its remains have been left to deteriorate despite their heritage status.

Particuliere landerijen
The particuliere landerijen or particuliere landen (Dutch for 'private domains'; singular particuliere landerij or particuliere land), also called tanah partikelir in Indonesian, were landed domains in a feudal system of land tenure used in parts of the Java. Dutch jurists described these domains as ‘sovereign’ and of comparable legal status to indirectly ruled Vorstenlanden [princely states] in the Indies subject to the Dutch Crown. The lord of such a domain was called a Landheer [Dutch for 'landlord'], and by law possessed landsheerlijke rechten or hak-hak ketuanan [seigniorial jurisdiction] over the inhabitants of his domain — jurisdiction exercised elsewhere by the central government.
Affiliate marketing
Affiliate marketing is a marketing arrangement in which affiliates receive a commission for each visit, signup or sale they generate for a merchant. This arrangement allows businesses to outsource part of the sales process. It is a form of performance-based marketing where the commission acts as an incentive for the affiliate; this commission is usually a percentage of the price of the product being sold, but can also be a flat rate per referral.

Affiliate marketers may use a variety of methods to generate these sales, including organic search engine optimization, paid search engine marketing, e-mail marketing, content marketing, display advertising, organic social media marketing, and more.

Though the largest companies run their own affiliate networks (for example Amazon), most merchants join affiliate networks which provide reporting tools and payment processing.

Performance-based advertising
Performance marketing, also known as pay for performance advertising, is a form of advertising in which the purchaser pays only when there are measurable results. Its objective is to drive a specific action, and advertisers only pay when that action, such as an acquisition or sale, is completed.

Performance-based advertising is becoming more common with the spread of electronic media, notably the Internet, where it is possible to measure user actions resulting from advertisements. Performance marketing is different from brand marketing which focuses on awareness, consideration, and opinions among target consumers.

Performance marketing is an integral part of an overall marketing strategy, and its effectiveness can be influenced by other promotional methods such as branding, media advertising, guerrilla marketing, and more. To assess the overall effectiveness of marketing activities, marketers analyze these influences further using tools like Brand Lift or similar metrics.
Trimmu Barrage
Trimmu Barrage is a barrage on the River Chenab in Jhang District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated downstream of the confluence of the Jhelum and Chenab rivers. It is situated some 25 kilometres (16 mi) from the city of Jhang near the city of Athara Hazari where the River Jhelum flows into the River Chenab. It was one of the 7 link canals to be built under the Indus Water Plan of Pakistan. Pakistan created this plan after concluding the Indus Water Treaty with India. Trimmu Barrage is used to control water flow into the River Chenab for irrigation and flood control.

Jhang
Jhang (Punjabi / Urdu: جھنگ; Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃə̀ŋ.gᵊ]; Urdu pronunciation: [d͡ʒʱəŋɡ]) is the capital city of Jhang District in central Punjab, Pakistan. Situated on the east bank of the Chenab River, it is the 14th most populous city in Pakistan.
Hermann-Hesse-Literaturpreis
The Hermann-Hesse-Literaturpreis is a literary prize of Germany in honour of German-born Swiss writer, poet and Nobel Prize winner Hermann Hesse.

The award is presented in Karlsruhe. The prize sum is 15,000 Euros. Previous winners include Martin Walser, Hubert Fichte, Rafik Schami, Adolf Muschg, and Alain Claude Sulzer.

Not to be confused with the Calw Hermann Hesse Prize or the prize of the Internationale Hermann-Hesse-Gesellschaft (unofficial English name: International Hermann Hesse Society), which was awarded for the first time in 2017.

Hermann Hesse
Hermann Karl Hesse (German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈhɛsə] ⓘ; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet and novelist, and winner of the 1946 Nobel Prize in Literature. His interest in Eastern religious, spiritual, and philosophical traditions, combined with his involvement with Jungian analysis, helped to shape his literary work. His best-known novels include Demian, Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, Narcissus and Goldmund, and The Glass Bead Game, each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge, and spirituality.

Hesse was a widely read author in German-speaking countries during his lifetime, but his more enduring international fame did not come until a few years after his death, when, in the mid-1960s, his works became enormously popular with post-World War II generation readers in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere.
Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo
Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo was a Papal bull promulgated by Pius VII in 1821.

It stated that Freemasons must be excommunicated for their oath-bound secrecy of the society and conspiracies against church and state.

It also linked Freemasonry with the Carbonari, an anti-clerical revolutionary group active in Italy. It said that the Carbonari affected a love of the Catholic religion.  However the true goals of the Carbonari was said to be:

Religious indifference

Disestablishment of the church and total religious freedom

The profanation of Jesus Christ through their ceremonies

To scorn, and perhaps replace the sacraments of the church

To plot against Papal primacy

All members of the Carbonari were excommunicated, along with those who kept Carbonari secrets and those promoting Carbonari literature.

Carbonari
The Carbonari (lit. 'charcoal burners') was an informal network of secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831. The Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in France, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia. Although their goals often had a patriotic and liberal basis, they lacked a clear immediate political agenda. They were a focus for those unhappy with the repressive political situation in Italy following 1815, especially in the south of the Italian peninsula. Members of the Carbonari, and those influenced by them, took part in important events in the process of Italian unification (called the Risorgimento), especially the failed Revolution of 1820, and in the further development of Italian nationalism. The chief purpose was to defeat tyranny and establish a constitutional government. In the north of Italy, other groups, such as the Adelfia and the Filadelfia, were associated organizations.
Persona (Mari Hamada album)
Persona (ペルソナ, Perusona) is the 13th studio album by Japanese singer/songwriter Mari Hamada, released on March 11, 1996. Produced by Hamada and Steve Tyrell, it was Hamada's final release by MCA Victor. The album was reissued alongside Hamada's past releases on January 15, 2014.

Persona peaked at No. 2 on Oricon's albums chart. It was also her last album to be certified Platinum by the RIAJ. In addition, it was her last top-10 album until Gracia in 2018.

Gracia (album)
Gracia (グラシア, Gurashia) is the 23rd studio album by Japanese singer/songwriter Mari Hamada, released on August 1, 2018. The album coincided with Hamada's 35th anniversary in the music industry and marked her return to Victor Entertainment, which had published her albums from 1983 to 1990. It features a roster of guest musicians, including Loudness guitarist Akira Takasaki, Mr. Big members Paul Gilbert and Billy Sheehan, Impellitteri leader Chris Impellitteri, Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo, Act of Defiance guitarist Chris Broderick, and Planet X keyboardist Derek Sherinian. The album was released in two editions: a single CD and a limited edition two CD + DVD set. A music video for "Black Rain" was released online to promote the album.

Gracia peaked at No. 6 on Oricon's albums chart and No. 9 on Billboard Japan's Hot Albums chart, making it her first top-10 album since Persona in 1996.
Tony MacAlpine
Tony MacAlpine (born August 29, 1960) is an American musician and composer. In a career spanning four decades, he has released twelve studio albums. MacAlpine is best known as an instrumental rock and heavy metal solo guitarist, although he has worked with many different bands and musicians in guest appearances and collaborations.

Tommy Aldridge
Tommy Aldridge (born August 15, 1950) is an American heavy metal and hard rock drummer. He is noted for his work with numerous bands and artists since the 1970s, such as Black Oak Arkansas, Pat Travers Band, Ozzy Osbourne, Gary Moore, Whitesnake, Ted Nugent, Thin Lizzy, Vinnie Moore and Yngwie Malmsteen.

Self-taught, Aldridge was initially inspired by the music of Cream, the Beatles, Jimi Hendrix and Led Zeppelin. Drummers like Joe Morello, Ginger Baker, John Bonham and Mitch Mitchell were particularly influential as Aldridge developed his drumming style. Aldridge himself has become very influential and is regarded as a double bass drum pioneer in rock music.
Euler's constant
Euler's constant (sometimes called the Euler–Mascheroni constant) is a mathematical constant, usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter gamma (γ), defined as the limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarithm, denoted here by log:

Here, ⌊·⌋ represents the floor function.

The numerical value of Euler's constant, to 50 decimal places, is:

Mathematical constant
A mathematical constant is a number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a special symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. Constants arise in many areas of mathematics, with constants such as e and π occurring in such diverse contexts as geometry, number theory, statistics, and calculus.

Some constants arise naturally by a fundamental principle or intrinsic property, such as the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle (π). Other constants are notable more for historical reasons than for their mathematical properties. The more popular constants have been studied throughout the ages and computed to many decimal places.

All named mathematical constants are definable numbers, and usually are also computable numbers (Chaitin's constant being a significant exception).