hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marcel Urlings
Lieutenant-general Marcel Urlings (born 4 July 1950) is a former Dutch military officer who served as Commander of the Royal Netherlands Army between 2002 and 2005.

He served as the commander of the First German-Dutch Army Corps in Münster. During the First Gulf War, he led an engineering battalion that provided humanitarian aid to Kurdish refugees in northern Iraq. Urlings is the vice-chairman of the AIV committee that prepared the report titled European Defence Cooperation.

Commander of the Royal Netherlands Army
The commander of the Royal Netherlands Army (C-LAS, Dutch: Commandant Landstrijdkrachten) is the highest-ranking officer of the Royal Netherlands Army and reports directly to the chief of defence. The commander of the Royal Netherlands Army is statutorily a three-star general. The current C-LAS is Lieutenant General Jan Swillens.
Vorkuta Sovetsky (air base)
Vorkuta Sovetskiy (also known as Vorkuta East) is a military airfield in the Komi Republic, Russia, located 11 km east of Vorkuta. It was one of nine Air Army staging bases in the Arctic for Russian bomber units. It contains one of the largest runways in Russia's Arctic region.

Sovetskiy was built in the early 1960s as a staging base for intercontinental Long-Range Aviation bomber strikes (as a so-called 'bounce' airdrome).  The airfield was first identified by Western intelligence in 1961. It is maintained by OGA (Arctic Control Group).  The 364 OSAE (364h Independent Mixed Aviation Squadron) was based here between 1980 and 1994 with the Antonov An-12 (NATO: Cub), Antonov An-26 (NATO: Curl) and Mil Mi-8 (NATO: Hip).

Vorkuta
Vorkuta (Russian: Воркута́; Komi: Вӧркута, romanized: Vörkuta) is a coal-mining town in the Komi Republic of Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin, at the river Vorkuta. Population: 56,985 (2021 census); 70,548 (2010 census); 84,917 (2002 census); 115,646 (1989 Soviet census).

Vorkuta is among the top five cities north of the Arctic Circle and the easternmost town in Europe. It has the coldest recorded temperature of any European city, at −52 °C (−61 °F).

Vorkuta's population has dropped steadily since the fall of the Soviet Union, when mines were privatized and many people began moving farther south. Many of the mines have been abandoned, and by September 2020, the city's estimated population was only about 50,000.
Solidago ulmifolia
Solidago ulmifolia, commonly known as elmleaf goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the family Asteraceae. It is found in Canada (Ontario and Nova Scotia) and the eastern and central United States  (from Maine west to Minnesota, south as far as Texas and the Florida Panhandle).

Its natural habitat is thin woodlands and bluffs, often over calcareous substrates. In Florida, it is found in moist hammock communities. This species is found in both high quality and degraded habitats, such as the shaded edges of lawns and old fields.

Solidago
Solidago, commonly called goldenrod, is a genus of about 100 to 120 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Most are herbaceous perennial species found in open areas such as meadows, prairies, and savannas. They are mostly native to North America, including Mexico; a few species are native to South America and Eurasia. Some American species have also been introduced into Europe and other parts of the world.
Seizing Justice: The Greensboro 4
Seizing Justice: The Greensboro 4 is a 2010 television documentary film by Lynn Kessler for the Smithsonian Channel.  It tells the story of The Greensboro Four through photographs, archival footage and interviews from Joseph McNeil, David Richmond, Franklin McCain and Jibreel Khazan, three of the four men who began the sit-in at Woolworth's in 1960 to protest segregation practices. The film also includes interviews from historians from the Smithsonian Museum of American History and civil right leader and congressman John Lewis.

The film aired on July 25, 2010 on the Smithsonian Channel.

Greensboro sit-ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in February to July 1960, primarily in the Woolworth store—now the International Civil Rights Center and Museum—in Greensboro, North Carolina, which led to the F. W. Woolworth Company department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States. While not the first sit-in of the civil rights movement, the Greensboro sit-ins were an instrumental action, and also the best-known sit-ins of the civil rights movement. They are considered a catalyst to the subsequent sit-in movement, in which 70,000 people participated. This sit-in was a contributing factor in the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Trond Skramstad
Trond Skramstad (born 6 December 1960) is a Norwegian decathlete. He represented Kongsberg IF. Skramstad became Norwegian decathlon champion in 1983, 1985 and 1986.

Representing the Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers track and field team, in 1982 Skramstad became decathlon champion at both the NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the NCAA Division II Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships, achieving both feats in a ten-day span.

His personal best in decathlon is 8097 points, achieved in June 1984 in Emmitsburg at Mount St. Mary's University . This was the Norwegian record until August 1999, when Benjamin Jensen improved it to 8160 points.

Kongsberg IF
Kongsberg Idrettforening is a Norwegian sports club from Kongsberg, founded in 1899. It has sections for athletics, gymnastics, alpine skiing, ski jumping, cross country skiing, telemark skiing, snowboarding, speed skating, ice hockey, football, and cycling.

It is best known for its ski jumpers, including Sigmund Ruud, Birger Ruud, Asbjørn Ruud, Hans Beck, Hilmar Myhra, Petter Hugsted and Arnholdt Kongsgård. Snowboarder Stine Brun Kjeldaas also represented Kongsberg IF.

Its first national athletics team member was sprinter Erik Brofoss, who later served as Government Minister and as director in the International Monetary Fund system. Javelin thrower Bjørn Grimnes and decathlete Trond Skramstad, both former Olympic competitors, also represented Kongsberg IF.

The men's football team plays in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football.
Echeverría metro station (Santiago)
Echeverría is a ghost station that was projected on line 4A of the Santiago Metro. It is located between La Cisterna and San Ramón stations, along the central axis of the Vespucio Sur Freeway, between Blas Vial and María Vial streets in the commune of La Cisterna, specifically at the intersection of Américo Vespucio with Ignacio Echeverría streets (on the north road) and Peró (on the south road).

This station was half-way built, with only the platforms and the walkway that crosses the highway being finished, with the station building, stairs, elevators, turnstiles and the mezzanine (where the ticket offices would be located) still to be built.

The main reason for its non-construction lies in the residential sector in its immediate surroundings, which would not reach the density that justifies its existence. It is possible that it will materialize in the coming years, to increase the population density in the sector.

Ghost station
A ghost station  is a closed or never opened train station through which revenue-service passenger trains (especially rapid transit trains) pass but at which they do not stop. The term is also sometimes used for any unused underground station or any unused station, whether or not trains pass through them. In Germany, a station that has been built in the course of constructing something else as a so-called "Bauvorleistung" (roughly: construction pre-effort) is referred to as a "ghost station", despite the different purpose and origin of the terms. Some English-language publications also refer to "pre-built" stations or parts thereof that have yet to see service as "ghost stations".
Immanuel Lutheran College, Buderim
Immanuel Lutheran College (ILC) is a co-educational Christian private school in Buderim, a suburb of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. Since its opening in 1979, the college enrolment has grown from 63 students to over 850, ranging from Kindergarten (Prep) to Year 12. The school has a large number of musical ensembles which, have also consistently won major awards in statewide competitions. The school is owned and operated by the Queensland District of the Lutheran Church of Australia.

The college campus occupies a large, wooded, and picturesque site on the lower slopes of Buderim Mountain, a short distance from the famous surfing beaches of Mooloolaba and Alexandra Headland. Sporting facilities include a swimming pool, multiple basketball courts and sporting ovals. The school also features a library, a lecture theater and a chapel on venue.

Buderim
Buderim (/ˈbʌdrəm/ BUH-drəm) is a town in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It sits on a 180-metre (590 ft) mountain which overlooks the southern Sunshine Coast communities.

The name "Buderim" is usually believed to be derived from a local Kabi Kabi Aboriginal word for the hairpin honeysuckle, (Badderam) Banksia spinulosa var. collina. However, as the environment on the mountain before British occupation was one of dense rainforest not Banksia heath, the name may have come from the Yugambeh word budherahm meaning sacred or spiritual.

In the 2021 census, the town of Buderim had a population of 58,956 people.
Thomas Francis Roberts
Thomas Francis Roberts (1860–1919) was a Welsh academic and second Principal of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.

Born at Aberdyfi, he received his education at Tywyn and the UCWA before taking a scholarship to St John's College, Oxford, where he took a first in Classical honour moderations in 1881 and again in literae humaniores two years later. After receiving his Bachelor's degree in 1883, he became the first Professor of Greek at the newly established University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire.

In 1891 he succeeded Thomas Charles Edwards at his alma mater, University College Wales, Aberystwyth. He was a founder member, with T. E. Ellis, of the Aberystwyth Old Students' Association in 1892 and was later President in 1910–11.

To date, he is both the youngest-appointed and longest-serving Principal. He was also a key figure in developing the fledgling University of Wales, which was established in 1893.

Aberystwyth Old Students' Association
Aberystwyth Old Students' Association (Welsh: Cymdeithas y Cyn-Fyfyrwyr Aberystwyth), founded in 1892, is Aberystwyth University's alumni association and is one of the oldest such associations in the United Kingdom. It currently has more than 10,000 Members and 100,000 Associate Members worldwide.
Universidad metro station (San Nicolás de los Garza)
The Universidad Station (Spanish: Estación Universidad) is a station on Line 2 of the Monterrey Metro. It is located in the Alfonso Reyes Avenue.

This station is next to the campus of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL – from which it takes its name), and it sees heavy traffic of students on a daily basis.  The station is also the nearest to the Estadio Universitario, the home venue of the UANL Tigres.  It is accessible for people with disabilities.

This station's logo represents the flame and atoms that appear in the logo of the UANL.

This station was inaugurated on October 31, 2007, as part of the first stage of the Line 2 expansion (along with Regina and Niños Heroes Stations). It served as the Line 2 terminus until stage 2 of the Line 2 expansion was completed on October 1, 2008, when Sendero Station took its place as the northern terminus of the line.

Regina metro station
The Regina Station (Spanish: Estación Regina) is a station on Line 2 of the Monterrey Metro. It is located along Alfonso Reyes Avenue where it is intersected by Juan Sánchez Azcona street.

This station is three blocks away from the Monumental Monterrey (Monterrey's main Bullfighting ring) and across the street from the Coca-Cola bottler.  Its logo represents the architecture of the station's entrance, and it is accessible for people with disabilities.

This station was inaugurated on October 31, 2007.  It was part of the first stage of the Line 2 expansion (along with Niños Heroes Station and Universidad), being the only underground station of the Line 2 extension project.
Catenation
In chemistry, catenation is the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series, called a chain. A chain or a ring may be open if its ends are not bonded to each other (an open-chain compound), or closed if they are bonded in a ring (a cyclic compound). The words to catenate and catenation reflect the Latin root catena, "chain".

Polyhalogen ions
Polyhalogen ions are a group of polyatomic cations and anions containing halogens only. The ions can be classified into two classes, isopolyhalogen ions which contain one type of halogen only, and heteropolyhalogen ions with more than one type of halogen.
18th Operations Group
The 18th Operations Group is the operational flying component of the United States Air Force 18th Wing, stationed at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan.

The 18th OG is the largest combat operations group in the Air Force with eight squadrons, one flight, 842 active-duty members and approximately 80 aircraft, including the F-15 Eagle, E-3 Sentry, KC-135 Stratotanker and the HH-60 Pave Hawk.

The group is one of the oldest in the United States Air Force, being a successor organization of the 18th Pursuit Group, one of the 15 original combat air groups formed by the Army before World War II.

73rd Bombardment Squadron
See 73d Bombardment Squadron (World War II) for the United States Army Air Forces World War II squadron

The 73d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was last assigned to the 4241st Strategic Wing, based at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina. It was inactivated on 15 April 1963.
Tomioka Station
Tomioka Station (富岡駅, Tomioka-eki) is a railway station in the town of Tomioka, Fukushima, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). Built in 1898, the station was destroyed by a tsunami in March 2011, and reopened six years later in October 2017.

Tomioka, Fukushima
Tomioka (富岡町, Tomioka-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 June 2023, the town had an estimated population of 1,326 in 5578 households and a population density of 19,4 persons per km², although the current actual resident population is considerably smaller than in 2010. The total area is 68.39 square kilometres (26.41 sq mi).
3D printing processes
A variety of processes, equipment, and materials are used in the production of a three-dimensional object via additive manufacturing.

Techniques include jetting, extrusion, additive friction stir deposition, powder bed fusion, binder jetting, stereolithography, computed axial lithography, liquid alternative, lamination, directed energy deposition, selective powder deposition, and cryogenic manufacturing.

RepRap
RepRap (a contraction of replicating rapid prototyper) is a project to develop low-cost 3D printers that can print most of their own components. As open designs, all of the designs produced by the project are released under a free software license, the GNU General Public License.

Due to the ability of these machines to make some of their own parts, authors envisioned the possibility of cheap RepRap units, enabling the manufacture of complex products without the need for extensive industrial infrastructure. They intended for the RepRap to demonstrate evolution in this process as well as for it to increase in number exponentially. A preliminary study claimed that using RepRaps to print common products results in economic savings.

The RepRap project started in England in 2005 as a University of Bath initiative, but it is now made up of hundreds of collaborators worldwide.
Helvenston v. Blackwater Security
Helvenston et al. v. Blackwater Security was a lawsuit for wrongful death filed in the Eastern District of North Carolina by the families of the four contractors for Blackwater Security (since renamed Academi) killed in the 31 March 2004 Fallujah ambush. The families of the four men, led by Scott Helvenston's mother Katy Helvenston-Wettengel and Donna Zovko, Jerry Zovko's mother, filed suit against Blackwater with lawyer Daniel Callahan on January 5, 2005. Blackwater countersued for $10 million in December 2006, claiming breach of contract provisions that forbade any suit against the company. In January 2011, judge James C. Fox dismissed the suit after no progress was made in court-ordered arbitration.

2004 Fallujah ambush
The 2004 Fallujah ambush occurred on March 31, 2004, when Iraqi insurgents attacked a convoy containing four American contractors from the private military company Blackwater USA who were conducting a delivery for food caterers ESS.

The contractors were killed, and their charred corpses were hanged from a bridge over the Euphrates. Photographs of the event circulated widely.
Martín Vásquez
Martín Vásquez Gómez (born December 24, 1963) is a professional soccer coach and former player. The first of seven players to have played for both the United States and Mexico, he has served as a coach since retiring. He is currently an assistant coach for USL Championship club Sacramento Republic.

California Kickers
The California Kickers were an American soccer club based in Hollywood, California. They joined the Western Soccer Alliance in 1986. They initially played as Hollywood Kickers before changing their name for the following season. In 1990, the team name was changed again, becoming the California Emperors when they joined the American Professional Soccer League. After the 1991 season, the team left the league to become an amateur club.
Kamikaze (1937 aircraft)
Kamikaze (神風号, Kamikaze-gō) was a Mitsubishi Ki-15 Karigane airplane, (registration J-BAAI) sponsored by the newspaper  Asahi Shimbun. It became famous on April 9, 1937, as the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly from Japan to Europe.  The flight from Tokyo to London took 51 hours, 17 minutes and 23 seconds and was piloted by Masaaki Iinuma (1912–1941), with Kenji Tsukagoshi (1900–1943) serving as navigator.

Mitsubishi Ki-15
The Mitsubishi Ki-15 "Karigane" (雁, Wild goose), Army Type 97 Command Reconnaissance aircraft (九七式司令部偵察機, Kyunana-shiki sireibu teisatsuki) was a Japanese reconnaissance aircraft and a light attack bomber of the Second Sino-Japanese War and Pacific War. It began as a fast civilian mail-plane. It was a single-engine, low-wing, cantilever monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage; it carried a crew of two. It served with both the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy (as the C5M). During World War II it was code-named "Babs" by the Allies.
Flogging Molly
Flogging Molly is an Irish-American seven-piece Celtic punk band formed in Los Angeles in 1997, led by Irish vocalist Dave King, formerly of the hard rock band Fastway. They are signed to their own record label, Borstal Beat Records.

SideOneDummy Records
SideOneDummy Records is an independent record label based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1995 by Bill Armstrong and Joe Sib. The label began as a way for them to release music for their friends' bands. Thereafter SideOneDummy launched the careers of bands like The Gaslight Anthem, AJJ, Flogging Molly, Gogol Bordello, Title Fight and others. Since 1998, SideOneDummy Records has also released the annual Warped Tour compilation album, which features music by bands playing on the current year's tour. Their YouTube channel, which features artists in their current roster, has 116,000 subscribers and 170,015,900 views (as of February 27, 2025).
Merrick, New York
Merrick is a  hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. As of the 2019 census, the population was 20,130.

Hempstead, New York
The Town of Hempstead is the most populous town in the state of New York. It is the largest of the three towns within Nassau County (alongside North Hempstead and Oyster Bay), located on Long Island, east of Queens. The population was 793,409 at the time of the 2020 census.

It occupies the southwestern part of the county, near the western end of Long Island. A total of 22 incorporated villages (one of which is named Hempstead) are completely or partially within the town.

Hofstra University's campus is located in Hempstead.
Claude Perrault
Claude Perrault (French pronunciation: [klod pɛʁo]; 25 September 1613 – 9 October 1688) was a French physician and amateur architect, best known for his participation in the design of the east façade of the Louvre in Paris. He also designed the Paris Observatory and was an anatomist and author who wrote treatises on architecture, physics, and natural history.

His brother, Charles Perrault, is remembered as the classic reteller of the old story of Cinderella among other fables.

Charles Perrault
Charles Perrault (/pɛˈroʊ/ perr-OH, US also /pəˈroʊ/ pə-ROH, French: [ʃaʁl pɛʁo]; 12 January 1628 – 16 May 1703) was a French author and member of the Académie Française. He laid the foundations for a new literary genre, the fairy tale, with his works derived from earlier folk tales, published in his 1697 book Histoires ou contes du temps passé. The best known of his tales include "Little Red Riding Hood", "Cinderella", "Puss in Boots", "Sleeping Beauty", and "Bluebeard".

Some of Perrault's versions of old stories influenced the German versions published by the Brothers Grimm more than 100 years later. The stories continue to be printed and have been adapted to most entertainment formats. Perrault was an influential figure in the 17th-century French literary scene and was the leader of the Modern faction during the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns.
Backyard railroad
A backyard railroad is a privately owned, outdoor railroad, most often in miniature, but large enough for one or several persons to ride on. The rail gauge can be anything from 2+1⁄2 in (64 mm) to 7+1⁄2 in (190.5 mm) or more. Smaller backyard or outdoor railroads that cannot be ridden are called garden railroads. Some backyard railroads use full-size rolling stock, such as the former 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge Grizzly Flats Railroad owned by railfan and Disney animator Ward Kimball.

Hundreds, even thousands of backyard railroads exist, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom. Walt Disney's 7+1⁄4 in (184 mm) gauge ridable miniature Carolwood Pacific Railroad, located at his home in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Holmby Hills, was a notable example. It inspired Disney to surround his planned Disneyland amusement park with the 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge Disneyland Railroad.

Grizzly Flats Railroad
The Grizzly Flats Railroad (GFRR) was a 3 ft (914 mm) gauge backyard railroad owned by Disney animator Ward Kimball at his home in San Gabriel, California. The railroad had 900 feet (274.3 m) of trackage and operated from 1942 to 2006. It was the first full-size backyard railroad in the United States.

The GFRR was notable for helping Walt Disney rediscover his childhood fascination with trains, which led him to build the Carolwood Pacific Railroad, a ridable miniature railroad in his backyard. The GFRR also influenced the design of the Disneyland Railroad within the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California.

The GFRR's rolling stock, including the two steam locomotives owned by Kimball, are now on display at the Southern California Railway Museum (formerly the Orange Empire Railway Museum) in Perris, California. The railroad's depot building and water tower were moved to the Justi Creek Railway, a private railroad owned by John Lasseter.