hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Hòa Mộc
The Battle of Hòa Mộc (2 March 1885) was the most fiercely fought action of the Sino-French War (August 1884 – April 1885). At heavy cost, Colonel Giovanninelli's 1st Brigade of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps defeated forces of the Black Flag and Yunnan Armies blocking the way to the besieged French post of Tuyên Quang.

Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
The Tonkin Expeditionary Corps (French: corps expéditionnaire du Tonkin) was a French military command based in northern Vietnam (Tonkin) from June 1883 to April 1886.  The expeditionary corps fought the Tonkin Campaign (1883–86) taking part in campaigns against the Black Flag Army and the Chinese Yunnan and Guangxi Armies during the Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885) and the period of undeclared hostilities that preceded it (August 1883–June 1884), and in important operations against Vietnamese guerrilla bands during the subsequent 'Pacification of Tonkin' (May 1885–February 1886).
Southern Caucus
The Southern Caucus was a Congressional caucus of Southern Democrats in the United States Senate chaired by Richard Russell, which was an effective opposition to civil rights legislation and formed a vital part of the later conservative coalition that dominated the Senate into the 1960s.

The Caucus was still active in 1964 when they tried and failed to derail the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

Congressional caucus
A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meet to pursue common legislative objectives. Formally, caucuses are formed as congressional member organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate and governed under the rules of these chambers. In addition to the term "caucus", they are sometimes called conferences (especially Republican ones), coalitions, study groups, task forces, or working groups. Many other countries use the term parliamentary group; the Parliament of the United Kingdom has many all-party parliamentary groups.
Castiglione del Genovesi
Castigloine del Genovesi is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.

Until 1862 it was known simply as Castiglione. It takes its current name from the philosopher and economist Antonio Genovesi, who was born here in 1713.

Located on the hillside below the Monte Monna, part of the Monti Picentini Regional Park, Castiglione borders with the municipalities of Baronissi, Fisciano, Giffoni Sei Casali, Salerno, San Cipriano Picentino and San Mango Piemonte.

San Mango Piemonte
San Mango Piemonte is a village and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of southern Italy.

It is an agricultural centre at the foot of the Monti Picentini, founded in 88 BC after the destruction of Picentia by the Romans.
Gommateshwara statue, Karkala
Gommateshwara statue, Karkala (ಗೊಮ್ಮಟೇಶ್ವರ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಕಾರ್ಕಳ) is located at Karkala in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the second tallest statue of Bahubali in the world with the largest statue located at Shravanabelagola.

Karkala
Karkala (Kannada: [kɑːɾkəɭə]) (Tulu: [kɑːɾlə]) is a town and the headquarters of eponymous Karkala taluk in the Udupi district of Karnataka state in India. It is well known as an important center of Jainism, with several ancient basadis (Jain temples) and the iconic 42-foot monolithic statue of Bahubali (Gommateshwara) dating back to the 15th century. Karkala lies near the foothills of the Western Ghats, and has a number of natural and historical landmarks, and is a major tourist and transit destination due to its strategic location along the way to Hebri, Sringeri, Kalasa, Horanadu, Udupi, Kollur, Subrahmanya and Dharmasthala.
Eupalamus
In Greek mythology, Eupalamus (Ancient Greek: Εὐπαλάμου means "handy, skillful, ingenious") was an Athenian prince. There are two versions of his genealogy: Eupalamus was called (1) the son of Metion (son of King Erechtheus), and the father by Alcippe of Daedalus, Perdix and Metiadusa, wife of King Cecrops II or instead (2) the son of Erechtheus and possibly Praxithea, and became the father of Metion, father of Daedalus.

Erechtheus
Erechtheus (/ɪˈrɛkθjuːs, -θiəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἐρεχθεύς) in Greek mythology was a king of Athens, the founder of the polis and, in his role as god, attached to Poseidon, as "Poseidon Erechtheus". The name Erichthonius is carried by a son of Erechtheus, but Plutarch conflated the two names in the myth of the begetting of Erechtheus.
Savignone
Savignone (Ligurian: Savignon) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Genoa.

Savignone borders the following municipalities: Busalla, Casella, Crocefieschi, Mignanego, Serra Riccò, Valbrevenna.

Serra Riccò
Serra Riccò (Ligurian: A Særa) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa, in the Italian region Liguria, located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Genoa, in the Val Polcevera.

Serra Riccò borders the following municipalities: Casella, Genoa, Mignanego, Montoggio, Sant'Olcese, Savignone. It is composed by a series of villages, the municipal seat being located in Pedemonte.
CELPA (El Chamical)
CELPA I (El Chamical) (Centro de Experimentación y Lanzamiento de Proyectiles Autopropulsados) was a rocket launch site in Argentina, near El Chamical at 38°30′S 66°19′W﻿ / ﻿38.500°S 66.317°W﻿ / -38.500; -66.317﻿ (CELPA (El Chamical)), in the La Rioja Province.

The launch site was in service between 1963 and 1973 and was mainly used for launching rockets of the types Centauro, Judi Dart, Orión, Rigel, Centaure and Boosted Dart.

A second CELPA compound was built in 1964 in Mar Chiquita, north of Mar del Plata, under the name of CELPA Atlántico.

Centauro (sounding rocket)
The Centauro series is a family of Argentinian solid-fuel sounding rockets developed by the Instituto de Investigaciones Aeronauticas y Espaciales (IIAE). This family includes Alfa, Beta, and Gamma Centauro.

Alfa Centauro was a single-stage rocket, launched in 1961 from Santo Tomás base.

Beta Centauro followed the same year, demonstrating two-stage capability and leading to advancements in payload delivery and high altitude measurements. Further launches from Santo Tomás and CELPA Chamical refined rocketry techniques. Notably, the "sodium cloud" operation in 1963 provided valuable atmospheric data.

The Gamma Centauro, also a two-stage vehicle, was tested after 1964, notably from Antarctica.
Führersonderzug
The Führersonderzug (from German: "Führer's special train") was Adolf Hitler's personal train. It was named Führersonderzug "Amerika" in 1940, and in January 1943, was renamed the Führersonderzug "Brandenburg". The train served as Hitler's headquarters until the Balkans Campaign. Afterwards, the train was not used as Führer Headquarters (Führerhauptquartier), however Hitler continued to travel on it throughout the war between Berlin, Berchtesgaden, the Wolfsschanze and his other military headquarters.

Führer Headquarters
The Führer Headquarters (German: Führerhauptquartiere), abbreviated FHQ, were a number of official headquarters used by the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and various other German commanders and officials throughout Europe during World War II. The last one to be used, and the most widely known, was the Führerbunker in Berlin, where Hitler committed suicide on 30 April 1945. Other notable headquarters are the Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair) in East Prussia, where Claus Graf von Stauffenberg in league with other conspirators attempted to assassinate Hitler on 20 July 1944, and Hitler's private home, the Berghof, at Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden, where he frequently met with prominent foreign and domestic officials.
Wolsingham railway station
Wolsingham is a station on the Weardale Railway, and serves the town of Wolsingham in Weardale, England. The station is served by services on selected days throughout the year, largely on weekends. The station is situated 10.5 miles (16.9 km) from the terminus of the line at Bishop Auckland. The railways main shed is based nearby at Wolsingham Depot, and also nearby is the heritage railway's only passing loop, Scotch Isle.

Bishop Auckland railway station
Bishop Auckland is a railway station that serves the market town of Bishop Auckland in County Durham, North East England, 11 miles 77 chains (19.3 km) north-west of Darlington. The station is the Western terminus of the Tees Valley Line, which links it to Saltburn via Darlington. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
Santiago Maggiotti
Santiago Alejandro Maggiotti (born 9 December 1974) is an Argentine politician and economist who served as Minister of Territorial Development and Habitat from 2022 to 2023 in the cabinet of Alberto Fernández.

Jorge Ferraresi
Jorge Horacio Ferraresi (born 26 August 1961) is an Argentine Justicialist Party politician and engineer who currently serves as intendente (mayor) of Avellaneda, a partido in the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area. He served uninterruptedly from 2009 to 2020, when he was appointed as Minister of Territorial Development and Habitat in the cabinet of President Alberto Fernández, and later resumed the position in 2022.
Mordechai of Lechovitch
Rabbi Mordechai Jaffe of Lechovitch (1742 – 18 January 1810) was a Hasidic rabbi who was the disciple of Rabbi Shlomo of Karlin and was the founder of the Lechovitch dynasty of Hasidism, from which the Kobrin, Slonim, Koidanov, and Novominsk courts descended. He was the president of the Holy Land Fund for Jews in Israel.

Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)
Slonim is a Hasidic dynasty originating in the town of Slonim, which is now in Belarus.
Today, there are two Slonimer factions.  Slonim, based in Jerusalem, and the Slonim community in Bnei Brak. They are two distinct groups today, and have many differences between them.

The first Rebbe of Slonim, Rabbi Avraham Weinberg (1804–1883), was the author of Yesod HaAvodah. In 1873, he sent a group of his grandchildren and other Hasidim to settle in Ottoman Palestine; they set up their community in Tiberias. Almost all of the Slonimer Hasidim in Europe perished at the hands of the Nazis in the Holocaust. The present-day Slonimer community was rebuilt from the Slonimer Hasidim who had settled in Israel.
George Hearne Sr
George Hearne (15 May 1829 – 9 December 1904) was an English cricketer.

Hearne was born at Chalfont St Peter in Buckinghamshire. He played for a Middlesex XI (1861–1863) and for Middlesex County Cricket Club (1864–1868) as a batsman. In 1872 he moved to be the groundsman at Kent County Cricket Club's Private Banks Sports Ground at Catford.

He and his brother Tom headed a famous cricketing dynasty. His sons George Gibbons Hearne, Frank Hearne and Alec Hearne all played Test cricket and for Kent County Cricket Club and his grandson George Alfred Lawrence Hearne played Test cricket for South Africa. He died at Rushey Green in Catford in 1904, aged 75.

Frank Hearne
Frank Hearne (23 November 1858 – 14 July 1949) was an English born cricketer. One of the few men to play Test cricket for more than one country, he played for both England and South Africa. He was a member of the Hearne family of cricketers who played first-class cricket between 1879 and 1904 for Kent County Cricket Club and Western Province.
Saesi Tsaedaemba
Saesi Tsaedaemba (Tigrinya: ሳዕሲዕ ጻዕዳ እምባ; also transliterated as Saʿsiʿ Ṣaʿda ʾƎmba) is one of woredas in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Located in the Misraqawi Zone at the eastern edge of the Ethiopian Highlands, Saesi Tsaedaemba is bordered on the south by Kilte Awulaelo, on the southwest by Hawzen, on the west by Ganta Afeshum, on the northwest by Gulomahda, on the north by Irob, on the east by the Afar Region, and on the southeast by Atsbi Wenberta. Towns in Saesi Tsaedaemba include Edaga Hamus and Freweyni also known as Sinkata) where the woreda office is located .

Hawzen (woreda)
Hawzen (Tigrinya: ሓውዜን) is an Ethiopian District or woreda in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraqawi Zone, Hawzen is bordered on the south by Kilte Awulaelo, on the west by the Mehakelegnaw (Central) Zone, on the north by Ganta Afeshum, and on the east by Saesi Tsaedaemba. Towns in Hawzen include Hawzen and Megab; villages include Koraro.
Avocado production in Mexico
Mexico is the world's largest producer of avocados, making avocado cultivation a major part of the country's economy, agriculture, and history. As of 2023, Mexico produced approximately 3 million tons of avocados, accounting for 29% of global output. The crop is most heavily grown in the 'Avocado Belt', primarily Michoacán and the State of Mexico. The major cultivars in Mexico are Fuerte, Hass, Bacon, Reed, Criollo, and Zutano.

Avocado farming is important to local economies and has deep historical roots. Demand for Mexican avocados has driven growth in employment, supply chain complexity, and exports. However, growth has led to environmental consequences such as deforestation and water scarcity. There are also social challenges, including organized crime and cartel involvement, which affects locals and local communities.

Tancítaro
Tancítaro is a city and municipality in the western part of the Mexican state of Michoacán, in southwestern Mexico. Its municipal seat is the City of Tancítaro.

The area has been called "the avocado capital of the world." An Avocado Festival is held annually.
Hugh I, Count of Dammartin
Hugh I (died after 1093), Count of Dammartin and Seigneur de Bulles, son of Manasses, Count of Dammartin, and Constance of France. Hugh's maternal grandfather was Robert the Pious, King of France, and his paternal great-grandfather was Hilduin I, Count of Montdidier.

Hugh married Rohese, sister of Ascelin, Seigneur de Bulles, and they had four children:

Pierre, Count of Dammartin (d. 1106)

Basilie, founder of the Priory of Saint-Leu d’Esserent

Adela (d. after 1167), married first Aubry de Mello (eventually, Count of Dammartin) and second Lancelin II de Beauvais (d. after 1116), Seigneur de Bulles, son of Lancelin I de Beauvais.

Eustachie de Dammartin.

Hugh was succeeded as Count of Dammartin by his son Pierre.

Counts of Dammartin
The Counts of Dammartin were the rulers of the county of Dammartin, based in the current commune of Dammartin-en-Goële as early as the 10th century. Located at the central plain of France, the county controlled the roads of Paris to Soissons and Laon. It seems that this county was initially held by Constance, the wife of Manasses Calvus, the first Count. The name Dammartin-en-Goële comes from Domnus Martinus, the Latin name of St. Martin of Tours, who evangelized the region of Goële in the fourth century. A small town in the district of Meaux in the Department of Seine-et-Marne, ancient village of Region of Île-de-France, it appears to go back to the earliest times; Dammartin-en-Goële, also called Velly, was in 1031 one of the most significant places in France.
1997 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco
The 1997 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco was the inaugural running of the Historic Grand Prix of Monaco, a motor racing event for heritage Grand Prix, Voiturettes, Formula One, Formula Two and Sports cars.

Historic Grand Prix of Monaco
The Historic Grand Prix of Monaco (also called the Monaco Historic Grand Prix depending upon the source) is a series of automotive races focused on historic motorsport. The event is typically held biennially two weeks before the Formula One Grand Prix of Monaco.
Canal 4 (Costa Rica)
Canal 4 is a private Costa Rican television channel, owned and operated by Repretel. It was the second television station acquired by Repretel in Costa Rica. The station broadcasts on channel 6.2 which the frequency is used by sister channel Canal 6 due to the original frequency being impossible to convert to digital until 2021.

Repretel
Representaciones Televisivas (Televised Representations) S.A., commonly known as Repretel or Grupo Repretel is a Costa Rican media company, founded by Remigio Gonzalez, that came into competition with Teletica and Canal9. Repretel owns Costa Rican channels 4, 6, 11 and 2. Repretel began operating in 1993 with Channel 9, in 2000 the lease expired and moved to Channel 4. The company also operates 11 radio stations.

In 2012, Repretel bought Channel 2, from Mrs. Roxie Blen and branded the channel as CDR 2.
T-24 tank
The T-24 was a Soviet medium tank built in 1931.  Only twenty-four were built, and none saw combat.  This was the first tank produced at the KhPZ factory in Kharkov, which was later responsible for the very successful BT series, T-34 and T-54 Soviet tanks.  The T-24's suspension was used successfully in the Soviet Union's first purpose-built artillery tractors.

The T-24's main armament was a 45 mm gun.  It had a ball-mount 7.62 mm DT machine gun in the hull, another in the turret, and a third in a secondary turret atop the main turret.  The tank was well-armoured for its time, but the engine and transmission had problems.

Artillery tractor
An artillery tractor, also referred to as a gun tractor, is a specialized heavy-duty form of tractor unit used to tow artillery pieces of varying weights and calibres.  It may be wheeled, tracked, or half-tracked.
Just for Laughs Gags Asia
Just for Laughs Gags Asia (Chinese: 好笑王) is a silent comedy/hidden camera reality television series, an adaptation of the Canadian Just for Laughs Gags. It premiered on Mediacorp Channel 5 in 2010. Mediacorp TV entered into an exclusive agreement with Just for Laughs for co-production and distribution in Asia.

The series, comprising 164 episodes and 13 seasons, was filmed in Singapore. It aired on Mediacorp Channel 8, Disney Channel Asia, and G4 (Canada) in subsequent years. The show features no dialogue, eliminating the need for dubbing.

Just for Laughs Gags
Just for Laughs Gags (French: Les Gags) is a Canadian silent comedy and hidden camera reality television series created by Pierre Girard and Jacques Chevalier. It is part of the Just for Laughs brand.

The series uses a hidden camera format, playing pranks on unsuspecting subjects while hidden cameras capture the subjects' responses; each episode presents multiple gags. While some segments have included brief dialogue, most do not contain any sound or dialogue, depending on natural audio in the setting, along with additional sound effects and music.
Bunavad
Bunavad (Bulgarian: Бунавадъ; Българско народно въздухоплавателно акционерно дружество, romanized: Bunavadŭ; Bŭlgarsko narodno vŭzdukhoplavatelno aktsionerno druzhestvo, lit. 'Bunavad: Bulgarian National Aviation Joint Stock Company') was the first national airline of Bulgaria. The airline was conceived in late 1926, operated scheduled services between major Bulgarian cities from October 1927 and closed in 1930.

Bunavad's post-War successors were the Bulgarian Ministry of Transport and Communications' Air Communications Administration (the DVS) which operated under the acronym BVS (Bulgarian: БВС, Български въздушни съобщения) and which in time developed into TABSO and its successors.

Balkan Bulgarian Airlines
Balkan Bulgarian Airlines (Bulgarian: Балкан) was Bulgaria's government-owned flag carrier airline between 1947 and 2002. During the 1970s, the airline became a significant European carrier. The company encountered financial instability following the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. Despite managing to continue operations, following the start of the 21st century and a controversial privatisation, it declared bankruptcy in 2002. Balkan was liquidated in late October 2002. Bulgaria Air was appointed Balkan's successor in December 2002.
Wiyot traditional narratives
Wiyot traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Wiyot people of the Humboldt Bay area of northwestern California.

Wiyot oral literature shares elements with the distinctive Yurok-Karuk-Hupa area of northwestern California, as well as with the more widely distributed patterns of central California. (See also Traditional narratives (Native California).)

Wiyot
The Wiyot (Wiyot: Wíyot, Chetco-Tolowa: Wee-'at xee-she or Wee-yan' Xee-she', Euchre Creek Tututni: Wii-yat-dv-ne – "Mad River People", Yurok: Weyet) are an Indigenous people of California living near Humboldt Bay, California, and a small surrounding area. They are culturally similar to the Yurok people (Wiyot term: Hiktok). They called themselves simply Ku'wil, meaning "the People". Today, there are approximately 450 Wiyot people. They are enrolled in several federally recognized tribes, such as the Wiyot Tribe (also known as the Table Bluff Reservation—Wiyot Tribe), Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria, Blue Lake Rancheria, and the Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria.
Bertha, Abbess of Santa Giulia in Brescia
Bertha (also Berta) (c.880-after 952), was the daughter of Berengar I of Italy and his wife Bertila of Spoleto. She was abbess of Santa Giulia in Brescia from at least 908 to her death, and of San Sisto in Piacenza from at least 917 to her death.

Berengar I of Italy
Berengar I (Latin: Berengarius, Perngarius; Italian: Berengario; c. 845 – 7 April 924) was the king of Italy from 887 and emperor between 915 and his death in 924. He is usually known as Berengar of Friuli, since he ruled the March of Friuli from 874 until at least 890, but he had lost control of the region by 896.

Berengar rose to become one of the most influential laymen in the empire of Charles the Fat, and he was elected to replace Charles in Italy after the latter's deposition in November 887. His long reign of 36 years saw him opposed by no fewer than seven other claimants to the Italian throne. His reign is usually characterised as troubled because of the many competitors for the crown and because of the arrival of Magyar raiders in Western Europe. His death was followed by an imperial interregnum that lasted 38 years until Otto I was crowned emperor in 962.
A. G. Edwards
A.G. Edwards, Inc. was an American financial services holding company; its principal wholly owned subsidiary was A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc., which operated as a full-service securities broker-dealer in the United States and Europe. The firm was acquired by Wachovia to be folded into Wachovia Securities; Wachovia was subsequently acquired by Wells Fargo, and the securities division was folded into Wells Fargo Advisors. The firm provided securities and commodities brokerage, investment banking, trust services, asset management, financial and retirement planning, private client services, investment management, and other related financial services to individual, governmental, and institutional clients.

A.G. Edwards was a member of the New York Stock Exchange and other major stock and commodities exchanges. The firm's global headquarters were located in the Downtown West area of St. Louis, Missouri. The company traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol AGE.

Wells Fargo Advisors
Wells Fargo Advisors is a brokerage, investing, and financial advisory company. It is a subsidiary of Wells Fargo, and is headquartered in St Louis, Missouri.

The subsidiary was formerly known as Wachovia Securities until May 2009, when it legally changed names following Wells Fargo's acquisition of Wachovia Bank.
Bunessan (hymn tune)
Bunessan is a hymn tune based on a Scottish folk melody, first associated with the Christmas carol "Child in the Manger" and later and more commonly with "Morning Has Broken". It is named after the village of Bunessan in the Ross of Mull.

Bunessan
Bunessan (Scottish Gaelic: Bun Easain), meaning "bottom of the waterfall", is a small village on the Ross of Mull, a peninsula in the south-west of the Isle of Mull, off the west coast of Scotland. The settlement is at OS grid reference NM382217, within the parish of Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon, and is situated on the A849, at the head of a cove at the southern end of Loch na Làthaich.