hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Denmark, Iowa
Denmark is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in northeastern Lee County, Iowa, United States. It lies along Iowa Highway 16, north of the city of Fort Madison, the county seat of Lee County. Its elevation is 722 feet (220 m) above sea level. Although Denmark is unincorporated, it has a post office with the ZIP code of 52624, that opened on April 7, 1846. The town also has a branch of Farmers Savings Bank that opened in 1935. The community is part of the Fort Madison–Keokuk, IA-MO Micropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, its population was 425.

Denmark was laid out circa 1837.

Lee County, Iowa
Lee County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,555. The county seats are Fort Madison and Keokuk: it is the only county in Iowa with more than one county seat. Lee County is part of the Fort Madison–Keokuk, IA–IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was established in 1836.
Phoridae
The Phoridae are a family of small, hump-backed flies resembling fruit flies. Phorid flies can often be identified by their escape habit of running rapidly across a surface rather than taking flight. This behaviour is a source of one of their alternate names, scuttle fly. Another vernacular name, coffin fly, refers to Conicera tibialis.  About 4,000 species are known in 230 genera. The most well-known species is cosmopolitan Megaselia scalaris. At 0.4 mm in length, the world's smallest fly is the phorid Euryplatea nanaknihali.

Megaselia scalaris
The fly Megaselia scalaris is a member of the order Diptera and the family Phoridae, and it is widely distributed in warm regions of the world. Members of this family are commonly known as "humpbacked flies", "coffin flies", and "scuttle flies". The name "scuttle fly" derives from the jerky, short bursts of running, characteristic to the adult fly. The name "coffin fly" is due to their being found in coffins, digging six feet deep in order to reach buried corpses. It is one of the more common species found within the family Phoridae; more than 370 species have been identified within North America.
Jeepster Commando
The Jeepster Commando is a compact-sized recreational vehicle produced by Kaiser Jeep from 1966 until 1970 and American Motors Corporation (AMC) from 1970 through 1973. It followed the concept of the original 1948 through 1951 Willys-Overland Jeepster. The new Jeepster Commando was available in several body styles, including pickup truck, convertible, roadster, and two-door wagon.

Following the acquisition of Jeep by American Motors Corporation (AMC) in 1970, the vehicle underwent a redesign for the 1972 model year, featuring new front-end styling, longer wheelbase, and AMC engines, and was renamed the Jeep Commando.

The model was discontinued after the 1973 model year and replaced by the full-size Jeep Cherokee (SJ).

Buick V6 engine
The Buick V6 is an OHV V6 engine developed by the Buick division of General Motors and first introduced in 1962. The engine was originally 198 cu in (3.2 L) and was marketed as the Fireball engine. GM continued to develop and refine the 231 cu in (3.8 L) V6, eventually and commonly referred to simply as the 3800, through numerous iterations.

The 3800 made the Ward's 10 Best Engines of the 20th Century list and made Ward's yearly 10 Best list numerous times. It is one of the most-manufactured engines in automotive history, with over 25 million produced.

The engine originally derived from Buick's 215 cu in (3.5 L) aluminium V8 family, which also went on to become the Rover V8, manufactured from 1960–2006.
Camp Ramah
Camp Ramah (Hebrew: מחנה רמה‎) is a network of Jewish summer camps affiliated with the Conservative Movement. The camps operate in the United States, Canada, and Israel. All Ramah camps serve kosher food and are Shabbat-observant.

Jewish Theological Seminary of America
The Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) is a Conservative Jewish education organization in New York City, New York. It is one of the academic and spiritual centers of Conservative Judaism as well as a hub for academic scholarship in Jewish studies. The Jewish Theological Seminary Library is one of the most significant collections of Judaica in the world.
Mian Muhammad Shafi
Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, KCSI CIE (10 March 1869 – 7 January 1932) was a politician and statesman in British India. He supported and represented various Muslim educational, national and religious causes and was a founding member of the All-India Muslim League.

Mian family of Baghbanpura
The Mian family of Baghbanpura is a feudal family of Punjabi Arain descent from Baghbanpura, Lahore, which was politically prominent in the early-20th century. The family originally owned the private land in Baghbanpura on which the Shalimar Gardens were later built. The Mian family offered their land to the Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan for the construction of gardens and in return the custodianship of Shalimar Gardens was granted to the family in 1641, holding the position for over 350 years.
Vermont Route 30
Vermont Route 30 (VT 30) is a 111.870-mile-long (180.037 km) north–south state highway in the U.S. state of Vermont. VT 30 runs from U.S. Route 5 (US 5) and VT 9 in Brattleboro to US 7 and VT 125 in Middlebury. The northern portion, from Poultney to Middlebury, was part of the New England road marking system's Route 30, from which VT 30 got its number. The route passes through many historic small towns, and travel writers such as those at Southern Vermont have described the route as "idyllic" and "picturesque".

Vermont Route 9
Vermont Route 9 (VT 9) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Vermont. The highway runs 46.957 miles (75.570 km) from the New York state line in Bennington, where it continues west as New York State Route 7 (NY 7), to the New Hampshire state line at the Connecticut River in Brattleboro, where the highway continues as New Hampshire Route 9 (NH 9). VT 9 is the primary east–west highway of Bennington and Windham counties in southern Vermont. The highway connects Southern Vermont's primary towns of Bennington and Brattleboro via its crossing of the Green Mountains. VT 9 also connects those towns with Troy, New York, and Keene, New Hampshire, via the connecting highways in those states. The highway also intersects three major north–south routes: U.S. Route 7 (US 7) in Bennington and Interstate 91 (I-91) and US 5 in Brattleboro.
John Jackson (blues musician)
John Jackson (February 24, 1924 – January 20, 2002) was an American Piedmont blues musician. Music was not his primary activity until his accidental "discovery" by the folklorist Chuck Perdue in the 1960s. Jackson had effectively given up playing in his community in 1949.

Arhoolie Records
Arhoolie Records is an American small independent record label that was run by Chris Strachwitz and is based in El Cerrito, California, United States. (It is actually located in Richmond Annex, but has an El Cerrito postal address.) The label was founded by Strachwitz in 1960 as a way for him to record and produce music by previously obscure "down-home blues" artists such as Lightnin' Hopkins, Snooks Eaglin, and Bill Gaither. Strachwitz despised most commercial music as "mouse music." Arhoolie still publishes blues and folk music, Tejano music including Lydia Mendoza, Los Alegres de Terán, Flaco Jiménez, regional Mexican music, cajun, zydeco, and bluegrass.
Courant algebroid
In differential geometry, a field of mathematics, a Courant algebroid is a vector bundle together with an inner product and a compatible bracket more general than that of a Lie algebroid.

It is named after Theodore Courant, who had implicitly devised in 1990 the standard prototype of Courant algebroid through his discovery of a skew-symmetric bracket on , called Courant bracket today, which fails to satisfy the Jacobi identity. The general notion of Courant algebroid was introduced by Zhang-Ju Liu, Alan Weinstein and Ping Xu in their investigation of doubles of Lie bialgebroids in 1997.

Lie bialgebroid
In differential geometry, a field in mathematics, a Lie bialgebroid consists of two compatible Lie algebroids defined on dual vector bundles. Lie bialgebroids are the vector bundle version of Lie bialgebras.
HP Roman
In computing HP Roman is a family of character sets consisting of HP Roman Extension, HP Roman-8, HP Roman-9 and several variants. Originally introduced by Hewlett-Packard around 1978, revisions and adaptations were published several times up to 1999. The 1985 revisions were later standardized as IBM codepages 1050 and 1051. Supporting many European languages, the character sets were used by various HP workstations, terminals, calculators as well as many printers, also from third-parties.

HP 110
The HP 110 (aka HP Portable and HP 45710A) is an MS-DOS-compatible laptop released in may 1984 by Hewlett-Packard. It runs off batteries and uses a Harris 80C86 running at 5.33 MHz with 272 KB of RAM. It has an 80 character by 16 line monochrome (480 × 128 pixel) liquid crystal display, runs MS-DOS 2.11 in ROM, and has the application programs MemoMaker, Terminal Emulator and Lotus 1-2-3 in ROM.

The LCD can be tilted for visibility, and can be folded down over the keyboard for transport, unlike computers such as the TRS-80 Model 100 which has the display in the same fixed plane as the keyboard. The HP 110 is similar to the Dulmont Magnum and the Sharp PC-5000, but all three computers were separately developed by their respective companies. At introduction it had a list price of US$2995 (today $9060).
Roboat
Roboat is a research program on autonomous boats in Amsterdam. The program was scheduled to last from 2016-2021, is developing the world's first fleet of autonomous vessels. It focuses on moving people and goods, portable infrastructure and data gathering. Roboat is a project of the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS Institute). The research within the program is conducted by MIT, Delft University of Technology and Wageningen University and Research. The program has a budget of €25 million. Prototypes are tested in Amsterdam's canals.

Unmanned surface vehicle
An unmanned surface vehicle, unmanned surface vessel or uncrewed surface vessel (USV), colloquially called a drone boat, drone ship or sea drone, is a boat or ship that operates on the surface of the water without a crew. USVs operate with various levels of autonomy, from remote control to fully autonomous surface vehicles (ASV).
Critical micelle concentration
In colloidal and surface chemistry, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is defined as the concentration of surfactants above which micelles form and all additional surfactants added to the system will form micelles.

The CMC is an important characteristic of a surfactant. Before reaching the CMC, the surface tension changes strongly with the concentration of the surfactant. After reaching the CMC, the surface tension remains relatively constant or changes with a lower slope. The value of the CMC for a given dispersant in a given medium depends on temperature, pressure, and (sometimes strongly) on the presence and concentration of other surface active substances and electrolytes. Micelles only form above critical micelle temperature.

For example, the value of CMC for sodium dodecyl sulfate in water (without other additives or salts) at 25 °C, atmospheric pressure, is 8x10−3 mol/L.

Detergent
A detergent is a product for cleaning that contains surfactants plus other components. Detergents comprise surfactants as main functional components to remove hydrophobic grease or dirt by dispersing them in water. They often further comprise water (to facilitate application), builders (to soften water), enzymes (for breaking down proteins, fats, or starches), and dyes or fragrances (to improve the user's sensory experience).

Common surfactants used in detergents are alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are soap-like compounds that are more soluble than soap in hard water, because the polar sulfonate is less likely than the polar carboxylate of soap to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water.
Benedict Swingate Calvert
Benedict Swingate Calvert (January 27, 1722 – January 9, 1788) was a planter, politician and a Loyalist in Maryland during the American Revolution. He was the son of Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, the third Proprietor Governor of Maryland (1699–1751). His mother's identity is not known, though one source speculates that she was Melusina von der Schulenburg, Countess of Walsingham. As he was illegitimate, he was not able to inherit his father's title or estates, which passed instead to his half brother Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1731–1771). Benedict Calvert spent most of his life as a politician, judge and planter in Maryland, though Frederick, by contrast, never visited the colony. Calvert became wealthy through proprietarial patronage and became an important colonial official, but he would lose his offices and his political power, though not his land and wealth, during the American Revolution.

Eleanor Calvert
Eleanor Calvert Custis Stuart (born Eleanor Calvert; 1758 – September 28, 1811) was a member of the wealthy American Calvert family of Maryland. She was the wife of politician John Parke Custis who was the son of Daniel Parke Custis and Martha Custis (later Washington), and the stepson of President George Washington. She and John had seven children. She was widowed when John Parke Custis died of disease at the end of the American Revolution at Yorktown where he served with his stepfather, George Washington. Eleanor married David Stuart, an Alexandria physician and business associate of George Washington on November 20, 1783.

As of 2024, her portrait still hangs at Mount Airy Mansion in Rosaryville State Park, Maryland.
Hebrew labor
"Hebrew labor" (Hebrew: עבודה עברית; Avoda Ivrit) and "the conquest of labor" (Hebrew: כיבוש העבודה; Kibush haAvoda) are two related terms and concepts. The first refers to the ideal adopted by some Jews in Ottoman and Mandate Palestine during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and later embraced by Zionism to favour hiring Jewish rather than non-Jewish workers. The second is the slogan for the Jews to embrace productive (industrial and agricultural) labor rather than being engaged only in trades and professions.

Arab general strike
A general strike involving many Arabs in Mandatory Palestine, encompassing labor, transportation, and commercial activities, commenced on April 19, 1936, extending until October of the same year. This strike escalated into violence, marking the onset of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. These strikes represent a component of the undocumented, detailed civilian resistance carried out by the Palestinian population, with the majority of them not directly participating in the warfare against the colonial government.
Sonningdale
Sonningdale is a hamlet in Rural Municipality of Eagle Creek No. 376, Saskatchewan, Canada. The hamlet is located on Highway 376 about 90 km (56 mi) northwest of Saskatoon and 84 km (52 mi) southeast of North Battleford. The hamlet with a population of less than 50 people as of January 2010.

School students are bused to the nearby town of Maymont, which is about 20 kilometres north. Sonningdale has a church, post office, community complex, seniors centre, a library, and a firehall. The two story school had an enrollment of 33 in 2005, and was closed in June 2006.

Rural Municipality of Eagle Creek No. 376
The Rural Municipality of Eagle Creek No. 376 (2016 population: 595) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 12 and SARM Division No. 5. It is located west of the City of Saskatoon.
Microkernel
In computer science, a microkernel (often abbreviated as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS). These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication (IPC).

If the hardware provides multiple rings or CPU modes, the microkernel may be the only software executing at the most privileged level, which is generally referred to as supervisor or kernel mode. Traditional operating system functions, such as device drivers, protocol stacks and file systems, are typically removed from the microkernel itself and are instead run in user space.

In terms of the source code size, microkernels are often smaller than monolithic kernels. The MINIX 3 microkernel, for example, has only approximately 12,000 lines of code.

QNX
QNX (/ˌkjuː ˌɛn ˈɛks/ or /ˈkjuːnɪks/) is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market.

The product was originally developed in the early 1980s by Canadian company Quantum Software Systems, founded March 30, 1980, and later renamed QNX Software Systems.

As of 2022, it is used in a variety of devices including automobiles, medical devices, programmable logic controllers, automated manufacturing, trains, and more.
Crime Tango
Crime Tango (German: Kriminaltango) is a 1960 Austrian musical comedy film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Peter Alexander, Vivi Bach and Peter Carsten. It was a remake of the 1949 West German film Dangerous Guests which had also been directed by von Cziffra.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff and Alexander Sawczynski. It was shot at the Sievering Studios in Vienna.

Dangerous Guests
Dangerous Guests (German: Gefährliche Gäste) is a 1949 West German comedy film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Wolf Albach-Retty, Vera Molnar and Paul Kemp. It was made at the Wandsbek Studios of the Hamburg-based Real Film. The film's sets were designed by the art director Mathias Matthies. It was remade by von Cziffra in 1960 as the Austrian film Crime Tango.
Larssen Peak
Larssen Peak (54°19′S 36°46′W﻿ / ﻿54.317°S 36.767°W﻿ / -54.317; -36.767) is a peak, 1,550 metres (5,100 ft) high, between the Three Brothers and Marikoppa in the Allardyce Range of South Georgia. It was surveyed by the South Georgia Survey in the period 1951–57, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Harald Larssen, manager at the Compañía Argentina de Pesca station, Grytviken, 1951–54.

Marikoppa
Marikoppa (54°19′00″S 36°42′00″W﻿ / ﻿54.31667°S 36.70000°W﻿ / -54.31667; -36.70000) is a mountain, 1,840 metres (6,040 ft), between Larssen and Paulsen Peak in the Allardyce Range of South Georgia.  The name, which is known locally, was used in 1950 by H.B. Paulsen.  Koppa is a descriptive Finnish word meaning "basket with a lid on top."  The mountain was surveyed by the South Georgia Survey in 1951–52.
Marcos Palmeira
Marcos Palmeira de Paula (born 19 August 1963) is a Brazilian actor, TV host and producer. He is nephew of the siblings Chico Anysio and Lupe Gigliotti.
In 2013, he was nominated for an International Emmy Award for best actor for his role in the series Mandrake.

Lupe Gigliotti
Lupe Gigliotti (1 July 1926 – 19 December 2010) was a Brazilian television, stage, and film actress.

Gigliotti was born Maria Paula Viana Lupicina in Maranguape, Ceará, Brazil, on 1 July 1926. She was the sister of Brazilian actor and comedian Chico Anysio and the aunt of actor Marcos Palmeira. She began acting professionally during the 1960s, appearing in 11 films during her career.

Gigliotti became famous for her role as Dona Escolástica on the comedic television show, Escolinha do Professor Raimundo. She played Signora Botega in the 1984 American film Blame It on Rio.

Gigliotti's last television appearance was on the Globo telenovela, Cama de Gato, as Áurea in early 2010.

Lupe Gigliotti died at her home in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, on 19 December 2010, at the age of 84. She had been suffering from lung cancer.
Wildcat Mountain Ski Area
Wildcat Mountain Ski Area is a ski area located on Wildcat Mountain near Jackson, New Hampshire, United States, in the Mount Washington Valley. Its vertical drop of 2,112 feet (644 m) is the second largest in New Hampshire and the ninth largest in New England.

Wildcat is one of the best-known alpine skiing resorts in New England, with lifts from the base on NH 16 in Pinkham Notch 2,112 feet (644 m) up to the summit ridge.  The area has 49 trails on 225 acres (91 ha), including the 2.75-mile (4.43 km) Polecat Trail — the longest ski trail in New Hampshire.

The Wildcat Valley Trail, an ungroomed cross-country ski trail, leads from the summit down to the town of Jackson, New Hampshire as part of the Jackson Ski Touring Foundation trail network, dropping 3,240 feet (990 m) in 11.1 miles (17.9 km).

Pinkham Notch
Pinkham Notch (elevation 2032 ft. / 619 m) is a mountain pass in the White Mountains of north-central New Hampshire, United States. The notch is a result of extensive erosion by the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Wisconsinian ice age. Pinkham Notch was eroded into a glacial U-shaped valley whose walls are formed by the Presidential, Wildcat, and Carter-Moriah ranges. Due to the volatility of the area's climate and rugged character of the terrain, a number of rare or endemic ecosystems have developed throughout the notch.

The presence of the notch was recorded in 1784 by Jeremy Belknap, but its isolation prevented further development for several years. The construction of New Hampshire Route 16 has led to increased accessibility and a rise in tourism. Its location makes it a hub for hiking and skiing.
Roman Catholic bishop of Argyll and the Isles
The Bishop of Argyll and the Isles is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Argyll and the Isles in the Province of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh, Scotland.

The Scottish hierarchy was restored by Pope Leo XIII on 15 March 1878 and the ancient bishoprics of Argyll and the Isles were re-established and united under one bishop. The diocese covers an area of 31,080 km2 (12,000 sq mi) and comprises most of Argyll and Bute, the southern part of the Highland council area, the Outer Hebrides, and the Isle of Arran. The Episcopal see is in the town of Oban where the  bishop's seat is located at the Cathedral Church of St. Columba.

On 28 December 2015 Pope Francis appointed Monsignor Brian McGee as bishop.

St Columba's Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of St Columba in Oban is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Argyll and the Isles and mother church of the Diocese of Argyll and the Isles. The cathedral is located on the sea front at the northern end of Oban.
William Craven (priest)
William Craven, D.D. (3 July 1730 – 28 January 1815) was a priest and academic in the second half of the 18th and the first decades of the 19th centuries.

Craven was born at Gouthwaite Hall and educated at Sedbergh School. He graduated B.A. from St John's College, Cambridge in 1753, and M.A. in 1756. He was ordained in 1759; and was a Fellow of St John's from 1759 to 1789; and its Master from then until his death. He was also Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge from 1790 until 1791.

Sedbergh School
Sedbergh School is a public school (English private boarding and day school) in the town of Sedbergh in Cumbria, North West England. It comprises a junior school for pupils aged 4 to 13 and the main school for 13 to 18 year olds. It was established in 1525.