hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tasto solo
Tasto solo is an Italian term used in music scores, usually on the continuo part, to indicate that a note or section should be played on its own, without harmony. The term tasto is Italian for key (as Italian "tastiera" is for fingerboard), so the part is to be played solo by the fingerboard instrument (e.g. cello) and not by the harmony instrument (e.g. harpsichord) where a basso continuo line is played by more than one instrument. The phrase first appeared in music theory books in the eighteenth century, but was used by composers such as Arcangelo Corelli before this time. C.P.E. Bach commented that, in practice, Italians did not play tasto solo. The term is also used in the Introit section of W.A. Mozart's Requiem in D minor, K. 626, signaling the continuo players should only play the note, without the implied harmony. [2]

Basso continuo
Basso continuo is a harmonic musical structure, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), that generally consisted of a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing the continuo part are called the continuo group.
Tatyana Yesenina
Tatyana Sergeevna Yesenina (Russian: Татьяна Серге́евна Есенина; May 29, 1918 – May 6, 1992) was a Soviet writer, the daughter of Sergei Yesenin and his second wife Zinaida Raikh.

Tatyana was raised in Moscow. She was exiled to Tashkent in 1941, after the murder of her mother by the NKVD. In Tashkent, Tatyana worked as a journalist, producing many articles and sketches. She published a memoir of her father, The House on the Nikolsky Boulevard. Tatyana's novel Zhenya, the Wonder of the Twentieth Century was the only work of fiction she published in her lifetime, though she left other works in manuscript at her death.

Sergei Yesenin
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin (Russian: Серге́й Алекса́ндрович Есе́нин, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ jɪˈsʲenʲɪn]; 3 October [O.S. 21 September] 1895 – 28 December 1925), sometimes spelled as Esenin, was a Russian lyric poet. He is one of the most popular and well-known Russian poets of the 20th century. One of his narratives was "lyrical evocations of and nostalgia for the village life of his childhood – no idyll, presented in all its rawness, with an implied curse on urbanisation and industrialisation".
The Men from the Ministry
The Men from the Ministry is a British radio comedy series broadcast by the BBC between 1962 and 1977, starring Wilfrid Hyde-White, Richard Murdoch and, from 1966, when he replaced Hyde-White, Deryck Guyler. Written and produced by Edward Taylor with contributions from John Graham, and with some early episodes written by Johnnie Mortimer and Brian Cooke, it ran for 13 series, totalling 145 half-hour episodes and two specials. A further 14 episodes were made by the BBC Transcription Service in 1980 but never broadcast in the UK, until 2012 on BBC Radio 4 Extra. Versions were made by Yle in Finland, Sveriges Radio (SR) in Sweden, and Springbok Radio in South Africa, where it was made into a feature-length film.

Johnnie Mortimer
John Edward Mortimer (2 July 1930 – 2 September 1992) was a British scriptwriter for British TV whose work, along with creative writing partner Brian Cooke, also served as inspiration for American television projects.
Barnes Ridge (Antarctica)
Barnes Ridge (78°8′S 84°50′W﻿ / ﻿78.133°S 84.833°W﻿ / -78.133; -84.833) is a ridge 7 nautical miles (13 km) long, rising to over 1,210 metres (3,970 ft) (Mount Besch) and extending between Young Glacier and Ellen Glacier at the east side of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. It is bounded by Rutford Ice Stream to the east and Arapya Glacier to the west, and connected to Maglenik Heights to the northwest by Dropla Gap. Its eastern slopes are drained by Ranuli Ice Piedmont.

The ridge was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Stephen S. Barnes, scientific leader at Byrd Station in 1958.

Dropla Gap
Dropla Gap (Bulgarian: седловина Дропла, ‘Sedlovina Dropla’ \ se-dlo-vi-'na dro-'pla\) is the flat, ice-covered saddle of elevation 1073 m in north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, extending 1.35 km to link Maglenik Heights to the west and Barnes Ridge to the east.  It is part of the glacial divide between Young Glacier to the north and Arapya Glacier to the south.

The gap is named after the settlements of Dropla in Northeastern and Southeastern Bulgaria.
Augusta Stang
Augusta Julie Georgine Stang (1869–1944) was a Norwegian journalist and Conservative Party politician. She head the Norwegian Conservative Party's Women's Club from 1923 to 1926 and chaired the Norwegian Conservative Party's Women's Association from 1927. In 1930, she was elected to the Norwegian Parliament.

Born on 11 December 1869 in Oslo, Stang was the daughter of the earlier prime minister Emil Stang (1834–1912). She had studied childcare and hoped to become a teacher. In addition to writing a reading book for children, she contributed to a regular column in the Aftenposten. She served on Christiania's school board and in 1924 was the city council's representative to the Chinese Congress in Paris. She also represented the Red Cross of Norway at the children's congress in Geneva.

Norwegian Conservative Party's Women's Association
The Norwegian Conservative Party's Women's Association (Norwegian: Høyrekvinners Landsforbund) was founded in 1925 to represent the interests of women members of the Conservative Party. In June 1994 it was dissolved, to be replaced by Høyres Kvinneforum (Conservative Party's Women's Network).

The Women's Association built on the experience of the earlier Høirekvinneklubben (Conservative Women's Club) which had been created in 1910 by Elise Heyerdahl. With the establishment of the association in 1925, it was hoped that by rejuvenating their work, women would be able to play a more effective political role.
Guilty People
"Guilty People" is a song by Margaret Urlich. The single was released in February 1991 as the fourth and final single from her debut and New Zealand Music Awards and ARIA award-winning studio album, Safety in Numbers (1989). The song features on her 1994 live album Live.

Live (Margaret Urlich album)
Live is the third solo album by Margaret Urlich, released in 1994. Live was recorded on Urlich's sold out 1992/1993 tour in support of her Chameleon Dreams album. One studio recording, the 1994 ARIA Award-nominated "Where Is the Love" (a duet with Rick Price), is included as the final track on the album.
Froudacity
Froudacity: West Indian Fables by James Anthony Froude is an 1889 polemic written by John Jacob Thomas as a rebuttal to James Anthony Froude's 1888 book The English in the West Indies. Froude's travelogue attacked the British West Indian colonies for wanting to establish self-government, arguing that if the majority black population were allowed to vote on leaders they would choose leaders that would repress the white population. Like many of his West Indian contemporaries, Thomas was outraged at the inaccuracies of Froude's text as well as the racist arguments that Froude uses as justification for his beliefs. He decided that writing a refutation to Froude was his patriotic duty and that it would act as self-vindication for West Indian blacks.

Froudacity was Thomas' last and most significant work. Thomas finished writing it shortly before succumbing to pneumonia.

James Anthony Froude
James Anthony Froude FRSE (/fruːd/ FROOD; 23 April 1818 – 20 October 1894) was an English historian, novelist, biographer, and editor of Fraser's Magazine. From his upbringing amidst the Anglo-Catholic Oxford Movement, Froude intended to become a clergyman, but doubts about the doctrines of the Anglican church, published in his scandalous 1849 novel The Nemesis of Faith, drove him to abandon his religious career. Froude turned to writing history, becoming one of the best-known historians of his time for his History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada.

Inspired by Thomas Carlyle, Froude's historical writings were often fiercely polemical, earning him a number of outspoken opponents. Froude continued to be controversial until his death for his  Life of Carlyle, which he published along with personal writings of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle. These publications led to persistent gossip and discussion of the couple's marital problems.
Queendown Warren
Queendown Warren is a 22.2-hectare (55-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Rainham in Kent. It is a Local Nature Reserve, a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2, and a Special Area of Conservation. It is in the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is managed by the Kent Wildlife Trust, and part of it is owned by Plantlife.

Plantlife
Plantlife is a wild plant conservation charity, since April 2024 limited by guarantee as Plantlife International. As of 2024, it manages 24 nature reserves covering 4500 acres across both the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man. HM King Charles III is the patron of the charity.
Bedford Community School District
41°39′46″N 92°01′08″W﻿ / ﻿41.662855°N 92.018800°W﻿ / 41.662855; -92.018800

Bedford Community School District is a rural public school district headquartered in Bedford, Iowa.  The district operates Bedford Elementary School and Bedford High School.

It is mostly in Taylor County with portions in Ringgold and Page counties. Communities served include Bedford, Blockton, Conway, Gravity, and a portion of New Market. It also includes the Athelstan census-designated place.

On July 1, 2008, the district absorbed portions of the former New Market Community School District. When the Clearfield Community School District closed on July 1, 2014, the Bedford district absorbed a portion of it.

Ringgold County, Iowa
Ringgold County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,663, and was estimated to be 4,608 in 2024, making it the second-least populous county in Iowa. The county seat and the largest city is Mount Ayr. The county is named after Maj. Samuel Ringgold, a hero of the Battle of Palo Alto fought in May 1846, during the Mexican–American War. It is one of the 26 Iowa counties with a name that is unique across the nation.
Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track operated by the New York Racing Association, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center, a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses".

New York Racing Association
The New York Racing Association, Inc. (NYRA) is the not-for-profit corporation that operates the three largest thoroughbred horse racing tracks in the state of New York, United States: Aqueduct Racetrack in South Ozone Park, Queens; Belmont Park in Elmont; and Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs.

Racing at NYRA tracks is year-round, operating at Belmont Park from May to mid-July and from September through October; at Saratoga Race Course from mid-July through Labor Day; and at Aqueduct from November through April.

The New York Racing Association is the successor to the Greater New York Association, a non-profit racing association created in 1955. NYRA is separate from the governing body that oversees racing in New York, currently the New York State Gaming Commission.
Julpolska
Julpolska, also known as  Nu ha vi ljus här i vårt hus, is a Christmas song with lyrics by Rafael Hertzberg (1845–1896) and music by Johanna Ölander (1827–1909). Song lyrics describe Christmas Eve, dated from a time when the Christmas goat at many places still was the giftbringer, not  Santa Claus.

The song was also used in the 1987 film Mer om oss barn i Bullerbyn.

Yule goat
The Yule goat is a Scandinavian and Northern European Yule and Christmas symbol and tradition. Its origin is from Germanic paganism and has existed in many variants during Scandinavian history. Modern representations of the Yule goat are typically made of straw.
Kingston Wall
Kingston Wall was a Finnish psychedelic/progressive rock group from Helsinki, formed in 1987. Influenced by such artists as Jimi Hendrix, Led Zeppelin and Pink Floyd, the group combined eastern themes, mysticism and psychedelia with acid rock.
The band consisted of Petri Walli (guitars, lead vocals), Jukka Jylli (bass, backing vocals) and Sami Kuoppamäki (drums, percussion). Walli formed the group, composed most of the songs and wrote all the lyrics. He was also Kingston Wall's producer and manager and ran the band's own Trinity record label.

Tavastia Club
The Tavastia Club (Finnish: Tavastia-klubi) is a popular rock music club in Helsinki, Finland. The house is owned by Hämäläis-Osakunta, one of the student nations at the University of Helsinki, but since 1991 the club has been operated by a private enterprise renting the house from the nation. It is located in central Helsinki Kamppi district on the street Urho Kekkosen katu. The capacity is 700 people.
Copiah–Lincoln Community College
Copiah–Lincoln Community College (Co–Lin) is a public community college with its main campus in Wesson, Mississippi. The Co–Lin District serves a seven-county area including Adams, Copiah, Franklin, Jefferson, Lawrence, Lincoln and Simpson counties. The college provides academic college-level courses for the first two years of four-year degree programs as well as career and technical programs.

Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez (/ˈnætʃɪz/ NATCH-iz) is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 census. Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia, Louisiana, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade.

Natchez is approximately 90 miles (140 km) southwest of the capital of Jackson and 85 miles (137 km) north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, located on the lower Mississippi River. Natchez is the 28th-largest city in the state. The city was named for the Natchez people, who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area from the 8th century AD through the French colonial period.
Sparrow Stadium
Clifford S. Cormell Field at Sparrow Stadium is a baseball stadium on the campus of Francis Marion University in Florence, South Carolina. Part of the $11.1 million R. Gerald Griffin Athletic Complex, Sparrow Stadium is the home field for the Francis Marion Patriots baseball team. Sparrow Stadium also hosts some home games for the Florence–Darlington Technical College Stingers baseball team.

Sparrow Stadium was the home field of the Florence Flamingos, a collegiate summer baseball team in the Coastal Plain League, from 2012 to 2021. The then Florence RedWolves moved to Sparrow Stadium in the middle of the 2012 season from Florence's American Legion Field. Sparrow Stadium hosted the Coastal Plain League All-Star Game on July 12, 2015. The Flamingos moved in 2022 to the new Carolina Bank Field in Florence.

Florence, South Carolina
Florence /ˈflɒrəns/ is a city in and the county seat of Florence County, South Carolina, United States. It lies at the intersection of Interstates 20 and 95 and is the eastern terminus of the former. It is the primary city within the Florence metropolitan area. The area forms the core of the historical Pee Dee region of South Carolina, which includes the eight counties of northeastern South Carolina, along with sections of southeastern North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 39,899, making it the 10th-most populous city in the state.

Florence is one of the major cities in South Carolina. In 1965, Florence was named an All-American City, presented by the National Civic League. The city was founded as a railroad hub and became the junction of three major railroad systems, including the Wilmington and Manchester, the Northeastern, and the Cheraw and Darlington.
Alaska Department of Natural Resources
The Alaska Department of Natural Resources is a department within the government of Alaska in the United States. The department has the mission of responsibly developing Alaska's resources by making them available for maximum use and benefit consistent with the public interest.

The department comprises seven divisions:

Division of Agriculture

Division of Forestry

Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS)

Division of Mining, Land and Water

Division of Oil and Gas (including the Petroleum Systems Integrity Office)

Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation

Support Services Division

Government of Alaska
The government of Alaska in common with state and federal governments of the United States, has three branches of government: the executive, consisting of the Governor of Alaska and the state agencies; the state legislature consisting of two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate; and the judiciary consisting of the Supreme court and lower courts.

Alaska has 246 federally recognized tribal governments and one federal Indian (Native American) reservation.
Middlebrook 7H11 Agar
Middlebrook 7H11 agar is identical to Middlebrook 7H10 agar, with an addition of pancreatic digest of casein to facilitate the growth of fastidious cultures of M. tuberculosis.

Mycobactin J may also be added to Middlebrook 7H11 agar to allow the recovery of M. genavense.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, M. tuberculosis can appear weakly Gram-positive.  Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M. tuberculosis with a microscope. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction.

The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.
Pauline Periwinkle
Pauline Periwinkle (September 25, 1863 – August 10, 1916) was the pen name of S. Isadore Callaway (née, Sara Isadore Sutherland; after first marriage, S. Isadore Miner) an American journalist, poet, teacher, and feminist of the long nineteenth century. She served as the first corresponding secretary of the Michigan Woman's Press Association and was a staff member of Good Health, Battle Creek, Michigan. Using the pen name of "Pauline Periwinkle", Miner was the founder and editor of the "Woman's Century" page of The Dallas Morning News. She was "one of the most widely-read columnists in the early twentieth century."

Michigan Woman's Press Association
Michigan Woman's Press Association (MWPA) was an American professional association for women writers and journalists in Michigan. Founded in 1890, it was active until shortly before World War I, though there was an unsuccessful attempt to revive activity in the late 1930s.
Visconti Castle (Lodi)
The Visconti Castle of Lodi is a historical building in Lodi, Lombardy, northern Italy. As it appears today, it is the result of transformations made on a Middle Age castle founded in the 12th century by Frederick Barbarossa. Its name derives from the Visconti family, lords and dukes of Milan, who in the 13th and 14th centuries took possession of and then rebuilt the original fortification.

Visconti of Milan
The Visconti of Milan are a noble Italian family. They rose to power in Milan during the Middle Ages where they ruled from 1277 to 1447, initially as lords and then as dukes, and several collateral branches still exist. The effective founder of the Visconti Lordship of Milan was the Archbishop Ottone, who wrested control of the city from the rival Della Torre family in 1277.
Goodbye to You (Michelle Branch song)
"Goodbye to You" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Michelle Branch for her debut studio album, The Spirit Room (2001). It was released by Maverick Records as the album's third and final single on July 8, 2002. The song reached number 21 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 32 in New Zealand.

Michelle Branch
Michelle Jacquet Branch (born July 2, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. She won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals with Santana for their 2002 single, "The Game of Love".

As a solo recording artist, Branch's first album Broken Bracelet came out in 2000. After signing to Madonna's Maverick record label the next year, her second album The Spirit Room followed and contained the singles "Everywhere" and "All You Wanted". Her third album Hotel Paper was released in 2003. Two years later, she formed the country music duo the Wreckers with Jessica Harp, and produced the Grammy-nominated single "Leave the Pieces". The Wreckers disbanded in 2007 to pursue their respective solo careers. Since then, she has released extended plays in 2010 and 2011, and a fourth solo album, Hopeless Romantic in 2017. Her fifth studio album, The Trouble with Fever, was released in 2022.
Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
A delegation representing Afghanistan competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 August to 5 September 2021 which was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Afghan delegation consisted of two athletes; Zakia Khudadadi in taekwondo and Hossain Rasouli in para-athletics. The former became Afghanistan's first female Paralympian.

After the Fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021, Afghanistan's participation was left uncertain due to the Taliban takeover of the country, but its athletes were later successfully evacuated. The delegation used the national symbols of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, the internationally recognized government which administered the country prior to the Taliban takeover.

Zakia Khudadadi
Zakia Khudadadi (Hazaragi: ذکیه خدادادی; born 29 September 1998) is a Hazara parataekwondo practitioner. She is the first Afghan female taekwondo practitioner. She rose to prominence after winning the African International Parataekwondo Championship in 2016 at the age of 18. She represented Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. She was initially denied the opportunity to compete at her first Paralympics due to the Taliban takeover but was later allowed by the International Paralympic Committee to compete in the event after being safely evacuated from Afghanistan. She was able to compete and became the first Afghan female Paralympic competitor to compete at the Paralympics in 17 years since Mareena Karim's participation at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She also officially became the first Afghan female sportsperson to participate in an international sporting event after the Taliban takeover and the first-ever member of the Refugee Paralympic Team to win a medal.