hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European Labour Authority
The European Labour Authority (ELA) is an agency of the European Union tasked with coordinating and supporting the enforcement of EU law on labour mobility. Its activities started on 17 October 2019 and the agency is expected to reach a yearly budget of €50 million and 140 staff by 2024. Bratislava, Slovakia is the agency's host city.

EURES
EURES (European Employment Services) is a European cooperation network between the European Commission, the European Labour Authority (ELA), the national public and other admitted employment services in all the EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.  EURES facilitates the free movement of workers by providing information and employment support services to workers and employers, and by enhancing cooperation and information exchange between its member organisations. The European Labour Authority (ELA) coordinates the EURES network since 2021.
Hmong in Wisconsin
Hmong Americans are the largest Asian ethnic group in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Allies of the United States in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War and later stages of the Laotian Civil War, they started seeking asylum as political refugees after the communist takeover in both nations in 1975, including the Hmong genocide in Laos. Hmong in Vietnam and Laos were subjected to targeted attacks in both countries, and tens of thousands were killed, imprisoned or forcibly relocated following the war.

La Crosse, Wisconsin
La Crosse (/ləˈkrɒs/ ⓘ lə-KROSS) is a city in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. Positioned alongside the Mississippi River, La Crosse is the most populous city on Wisconsin's western border. The population was 52,680 at the 2020 census. The La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents.

La Crosse's economy serves as a regional educational, medical, manufacturing, and transportation hub for Western Wisconsin producing a gross domestic product (GDP) of $10.1 billion for the La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area as of 2023. Home to the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, Viterbo University, and Western Technical College, the city has nearly 20,000 students. The La Crosse area is home to the headquarters or regional offices of Kwik Trip, Organic Valley, Mayo Clinic, Gundersen Health System, Gensler, La Crosse Technology, City Brewing Company, and Trane.
Shimonoseki campaign
The Shimonoseki campaign (Japanese: 下関戦争/馬関戦争, Hepburn: Shimonoseki Sensō/Bakan Sensō; "Shimonoseki War") was a series of military engagements in 1863 and 1864, fought to control the Shimonoseki Straits of Japan by joint naval forces from the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and the United States, against the Japanese feudal domain of Chōshū, which took place off and on the coast of Shimonoseki, Japan.

HMS Euryalus (1853)
HMS Euryalus was a fourth-rate wooden-hulled screw frigate of the Royal Navy, with a 400-horsepower (300 kW) steam engine that could make over 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). She was launched at Chatham in 1853, was 212 feet long, displaced 3,125 tons and had a complement of 515 (this varied slightly as the Naval Standards varied). At the time of the Bombardment of Kagoshima she carried 35 guns, not counting approximately 16 carronades. Seventeen of her guns were breech-loading Armstrong guns. She carried 230 tons of coal, and provisions for about three months, together with over 70 tons of shot and shell.
George Charles Haité
George Charles Haité (8 June 1855 – 31 March 1924) was an English designer, painter, illustrator and writer. His most famous work is the iconic cover design of the Strand Magazine, launched in 1891, which helped popularise the Sherlock Holmes stories of Arthur Conan Doyle. Haité was also a founder member and the first president of the London Sketch Club.

The Strand Magazine
The Strand Magazine was a monthly British magazine founded by George Newnes, composed of short fiction and general interest articles. It was published in the United Kingdom from January 1891 to March 1950, running to 711 issues, though the first issue was on sale well before Christmas 1890.
Its immediate popularity is evidenced by an initial sale of nearly 300,000. Sales increased in the early months, before settling down to a circulation of almost 500,000 copies a month, which lasted well into the 1930s.

It was edited by Herbert Greenhough Smith from 1891 to 1930. The popularity of Sherlock Holmes became widespread after first appearing in the magazine in 1891. The magazine's original offices were on Burleigh Street off The Strand, London. It was revived in 1998 as a quarterly magazine.
Anna Sandström
Anna Maria Carolina Sandström (3 September 1854 – 26 May 1931) was a Swedish feminist, reform pedagogue and a pioneer within the educational system of her country. She is referred to as the leading reform pedagogue within female education in Sweden in the late 19th century.

Royal Seminary
The Royal Seminary, fully the Royal Advanced Female Teachers' Seminary (Swedish: Kungliga Högre Lärarinneseminariet, abbreviated KHLS), was a normal school (teachers' college) in Stockholm, Sweden. It was active from 1861 until 1943. It was the first public institution of higher academic learning open to women in Sweden.

The Royal Normal School for Girls (Statens normalskola för flickor) was a secondary school attached to the Royal Seminary. It served as a feeder program for the seminary and was the first public girls' school in the country.
Lincoln Battalion
The Lincoln Battalion (Spanish: Batallón Abraham Lincoln), the major component of what came to be known as the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, was the 17th (later the 58th) battalion of the XV International Brigade that fought in the Spanish Civil War. Named after United States President Abraham Lincoln, the battalion was organized by the Communist International. The XVth Brigade was one of many mixed brigades that comprised the International Brigades.

The Lincoln Battalion was formed by American volunteers who served as soldiers, technicians, medical personnel, and aviators alongside the Spanish Republican forces against the Nazi-supported forces of General Francisco Franco and his Nationalist faction. Unlike the segregated U.S. Army in the 1930s, the Lincoln Battalion integrated white and black soldiers on an equal basis. Of the approximately 3,000 American volunteers who went to Spain, 681 were killed in action or died of wounds or sickness.

Mosess Fishman
Mosess "Moe" Fishman (September 28, 1915, in New York City – August 6, 2007) fought with the communist Abraham Lincoln Brigade and was wounded during the Spanish Civil War. He was general secretary of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Veterans' Association.
CCC Kei Yuen College
CCC Kei Yuen College (Chinese: 中華基督教會基元中學) is an aided co-ed Secondary school, mainly for band 1 students in Yuen Long. The school is located in Fung Yau Street East, established in 1982. CCC Kei Yuen College is a Christian grammar school founded by the Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China (HKCCCC).

Yuen Long
Yuen Long is a town in the western north New Territories, Hong Kong. To its west lie Hung Shui Kiu (洪水橋), Tin Shui Wai, Lau Fau Shan and Ha Tsuen, to the south Shap Pat Heung and Tai Tong, to the east Au Tau and Kam Tin (錦田), and to the north Nam Sang Wai.
Peziza petersii
Peziza petersii is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Pezizaceae. This is a European species with rather small and irregular brown saucer-shaped ascocarps up to 5 cm in diameter. It is most often encountered in tightly packed groups on burned ground from summer to autumn.

Pezizaceae
The Pezizaceae (commonly referred to as cup fungi)  are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota which produce mushrooms that tend to grow in the shape of a "cup".  Spores are formed on the inner surface of the fruit body (ascoma). The cup shape typically serves to focus raindrops into splashing spores out of the cup.  Additionally, the curvature enables wind currents to blow the spores out in a different manner than in most agarics and boletes.

Cup fungi grow in peculiar shapes, frequently resembling cups or saucers. For example, the orange peel fungus (Aleuria aurantia) resembles a discarded orange rind. According to one 2008 estimate, the family contains 31 genera and 230 species.
Vilayat Galgayche
Vilayat Galgayche, formerly known as Ingush Jamaat, was an Islamist militant organization connected to numerous attacks against the local and federal security forces in the Russian regions of Ingushetia and Chechnya in the North Caucasus.  Since 2007 it has been a part of the Caucasus Emirate and takes part in the Insurgency in the North Caucasus. The group is thought to be responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people, mostly policemen, military personnel and officials.

Caucasus Emirate
The Caucasus Emirate (Chechen: Имарат Кавказ, ИК, romanized: Imarat Kavkaz, IK; Russian: Кавказский эмират, romanized: Kavkazskiy emirat), also known as the Caucasian Emirate, Emirate of Caucasus, or Islamic Emirate of the Caucasus, was a jihadist organisation active in rebel-held parts of Syria and previously in the North Caucasus region of Russia. Its intention was to expel the Russian presence from the North Caucasus and to establish an independent Islamic emirate in the region. The Caucasus Emirate also referred to the state that the group sought to establish. The creation of Caucasus Emirate was announced on 7 October 2007, by Chechen warlord Dokka Umarov, who became its first self-declared "emir".

By late 2015, the group no longer had a visible presence in the North Caucasus, as most of its members defected to the local Islamic State affiliate, Vilayat Kavkaz.
Music of North Macedonia
Macedonian music refers to all forms of music associated with ethnic Macedonians. It shares similarities with the music of neighbouring Balkan countries, yet it remains overall distinctive in its rhythm and sound.

Goran Trajkoski
Goran Trajkoski (Macedonian: Горан Трајкоски) (born 21 November 1963) is a Macedonian musician. He rose to international prominence as a frontman of the group Anastasija which was featured on the soundtrack album for the Academy Award-nominated movie Before the Rain directed by Milčo Mančevski. He started his musical career as a member of the punk rock band Afektiven naboj from Struga. After moving to Skopje he joined the punk band Saraceni led by Vladimir Petrovski Karter. Later he was a vocalist of the influential 1980s group Padot na Vizantija. He played bass guitar in the Macedonian cult band Mizar from 1986 until 1987. After the reunion of Mizar in the 2000s, Goran Trajkovski became its new frontman. He is also involved in solo projects, for instance as an author of electronic music under the pseudonym Gotra (Готра) as well as a composer for film soundtracks and theatre music.
Shehzad Arbab
Muhammad Shehzad Arbab is a retired Pakistani civil servant who  served as Advisor to Prime Minister Imran Khan on Establishment from August 2018 to 10 April 2022. Before his retirement from civil services, Arbab served in BPS-22 grade as the Commerce Secretary of Pakistan and Chief Secretary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He belongs to the Pakistan Administrative Service and is batchmates with Tariq Bajwa, Babar Yaqoob Fateh Muhammad and Sajjad Saleem Hotiana.

A member of the eminent Arbab family of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Shehzad Arbab is known for having played a key role in the FATA reforms of 2017 during his tenure as Federal Secretary SAFRON. He has previously also served as Chief Secretary Azad Kashmir and Additional Secretary at Aiwan-e-Sadr.

Sajjad Saleem Hotiana
Sajjad Saleem Hotiana (Urdu: سجاد سلیم ہوتیانہ) (born 14 March 1955) is a retired Pakistani civil servant who served in BPS-22 grade as Chief Secretary Sindh. Hotiana also served as Chief Secretary Gilgit Baltistan and Senior Member Federal Land Commission. After retirement from active civil service, he tenured as Member of Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC).  He is civil service batchmates with Babar Yaqoob Fateh Muhammad, Shehzad Arbab and Tariq Bajwa.
Battle of Lemo
The Battle of Lemo was fought during the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia on 19–20 June 1808 (Julian calendar 7–8 June).

On 19 June, about 2,500 Swedes landed at Lemo (Finnish:Lemu) in Kaarina (Swedish:S:t Karins) in Southwest Finland, aided by the Swedish Navy. There, the Swedes intended to liberate Åbo (Finnish:Turku) from the Russians. The Swedish landing forces were commanded by Major General Eberhard von Vegesack. The Russian had about 3,600 men in the area under the command of Lieutenant General Karl Gustav von Baggovut.

Finnish War
The Finnish War (Swedish: Finska kriget; Russian: Финляндская война; Finnish: Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and the establishment of the House of Bernadotte, the new Swedish royal house, in 1818.
Negotino Municipality
Negotino (Macedonian: Неготино, pronounced [nɛˈɡɔtinɔ] ⓘ) is a municipality in eastern North Macedonia. Negotino is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found. Negotino Municipality is part of Vardar Statistical Region.

Vardar Statistical Region
The Vardar Statistical Region (Macedonian: Вардарски Регион, romanized: Vardarski Region) is one of eight statistical regions of North Macedonia. Vardar, located in the central part of North Macedonia, borders Greece to the south. Internally, it borders the Pelagonia, Southwestern, Skopje, Southeastern, and Eastern. The Vardar Statistical Region is named after the Vardar River, which runs through the region.
Diocese of Salt Lake City
The Diocese of Salt Lake City (Latin: Diœcesis Civitatis Lacus Salsi) is a diocese of the Catholic Church for the State of Utah in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Las Vegas. The mother church is the Cathedral of the Madeleine in Salt Lake City. Oscar Azarcon Solis is the bishop.

Duane Garrison Hunt
Duane Garrison Hunt (September 19, 1884—March 31, 1960) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Salt Lake in Utah from 1937 until his death in 1960. It was renamed the Diocese of Salt Lake City in 1951
120th meridian east
The meridian 120° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, Australia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.  In mean solar time this offset is the UTC+08:00 time zone.

The 120th meridian east forms a great ellipse with the 60th meridian west. The 120th meridian east is the easternmost of South China Sea, according to Vietnam's typhoon warning region.

60th meridian west
The meridian 60° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, North America, the Atlantic Ocean, South America, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The mean solar time of this meridian is the base for the Atlantic Time Zone (UTC-4 during standard time).

The 60th meridian west forms a great circle with the 120th meridian east.
Salliaruseq Island
Salliaruseq Island (old spelling: Sagdliaruseq, Danish: Storøen, translated: The-big-island) is an uninhabited island in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. At 130 km2 (50.2 sq mi), it is one of the larger islands in the Uummannaq Fjord system, located in its central part due east of Uummannaq Island.

Air Greenland helicopters approach Uummannaq Heliport on the way from Qaarsut Airport alongside the western wall of Salliaruseq, first converging to the island, to then turn 90 degrees to the west due to winds in the Assorput Strait.

Uummannaq Fjord
Uummannaq Fjord is a large fjord system in the northern part of western Greenland, the largest after Kangertittivaq fjord in eastern Greenland. It has a roughly south-east to west-north-west orientation, emptying into the Baffin Bay in the northwest.
Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls (Lozi: Mosi-oa-Tunya, "Thundering Smoke/Smoke that Rises"; Tonga: Shungu Namutitima, "Boiling Water") is a waterfall on the Zambezi River, located on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is one of the world's largest waterfalls, with a width of 1,708 m (5,604 ft). The region around it has a high degree of biodiversity in both plants and animals.

Archaeology and oral history describe a long record of African knowledge of the site. Although known to some European geographers before the 19th century, Scottish missionary David Livingstone identified the falls in 1855, naming them Victoria Falls after Queen Victoria. Since the mid-20th century, the site has been a major tourist destination. Zambia and Zimbabwe both have national parks and tourism infrastructure at the site. Research in the late 2010s found that precipitation variability due to climate change is likely to alter the character of the falls.

2018–2021 Southern African drought
The 2018–2021 Southern Africa drought was a period of drought that took place in Southern Africa. The drought began in late October 2018, and negatively affected food security in the region. In mid-August 2019, the drought was classified as a level 2 Red-Class event by the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System. The alert level was reduced to the Orange-1.7 by 12 December 2019, as the new wet season had started. In September 2020, the drought was classified as a level 2 Red-Class event. The drought continued into early 2021. Beginning in October 2021, South Africa experienced above average rainfall and reservoirs refilled by early 2022.
Caroline Springs railway station
Caroline Springs railway station is a regional railway station on the Ararat line. It serves the western suburb of Ravenhall, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Caroline Springs station is a ground level premium station, featuring an island platform. It opened on 28 January 2017.

The station was provisionally named as Ravenhall. However, during construction, it was given the name "Caroline Springs".

Ballarat line
The Ballarat line is a regional passenger rail service operated by V/Line in Victoria, Australia. It serves 13 stations towards its terminus in Ballarat's western suburb of Wendouree via Melton and Bacchus Marsh. Services are operated primarily using V/Line VLocity diesel multiple unit sets in either 3- or 6-car configurations.

It is the second most-used regional rail service in Victoria (behind the Geelong line), carrying 4.68 million passengers in the 2022-23 financial year.

The Ararat line extends further west from Wendouree to Ararat, while the Maryborough line is operated primarily as a shuttle from Ballarat along the Mildura line to Maryborough.
Barragem de Poilão
Barragem de Poilão is a dam located in the eastern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde, in the municipality of São Lourenço dos Órgãos. It impounds the stream Ribeira Seca, the island's largest river. the reservoir, used for irrigation, stretches between the villages Poilão and Levada. North of the reservoir is the national road from João Teves to Achada Fazenda (EN1-ST03).

Levada, Cape Verde
Levada is a village in the interior of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality of São Lourenço dos Órgãos. It is situated 3 km east of João Teves, 5 km north of São Domingos, and 18 km north of the capital Praia. In 2010, its population was 234. The village is on the upper course of the river Ribeira Seca and west of the Poilão Reservoir.
33rd Infantry Division (United States)
The 33rd Infantry Division was a formation of the U.S. Army National Guard between 1917 and 1968. Originally formed for service during World War I, the division fought along the Western Front during the Battle of Amiens, the Battle of Hamel, the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, at the Second Battle of the Somme, and at the Battle of Saint-Mihiel. It was re-formed during the inter-war period, and then later activated for service during World War II, seeing action against the Imperial Japanese Army in the Pacific. In the post war era, the division was reconstituted as an all-Illinois National Guard division. In the late 1960s, the division was reduced to a brigade-sized formation, and its lineage is currently perpetuated by the 33rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team.

132nd Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 132nd Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army, part of the Illinois Army National Guard.

It served as an active-duty regiment with the United States Army in World War I and World War II. Due to actions conducted in the fall of 1918 during WWI fighting in France, five men from the regiment were awarded the Medal of Honor:  Johannes Anderson, Sydney Gumpertz, Berger Loman, George H. Mallon,  and Willie Sandlin. In 1954 it was consolidated with the 131st Infantry Regiment.
Joseph Lenn
Joseph Lenn is an American chef and restaurateur. He is the chef and owner of J.C. Holdway, a restaurant in Knoxville, Tennessee, named after his great-uncle. Lenn is the first chef from Tennessee to receive the James Beard Foundation Award for Best Chef: Southeast, which he won in 2013 for his work at Blackberry Farm in Walland, Tennessee.

James Beard Foundation Award: 2010s
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize culinary professionals in the United States. The awards recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists each year, and are generally scheduled around James Beard's May birthday.

Annually since 1998, the foundation has awarded the designation of America's Classic for local independently-owned restaurants that reflect the character of the community.
Billbrook
Billbrook (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪlbʁoːk] ⓘ) is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Hamburg-Mitte. It is located on the southeastern border of the borough adjacent to the borough of Bergedorf. Billbrook is located in a swamp area near the Elbe and Bille rivers, which is described by the name, meaning Brook (Bruchwald, carr) at the river Bille. 1,869 people lived in Billbrook in 2023.

Billbrook borders the quarters of Horn, Billstedt, Billwerder, Moorfleet and Rothenburgsort.

Billwerder
Billwerder (German pronunciation: [bɪlˈvɛʁdɐ] ⓘ) is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Bergedorf. It is located on the northwestern border of the borough adjacent to the borough of Hamburg-Mitte. At the same time Billwerder means a greater area south of the river Bille.
K (programming language)
K is a proprietary array processing programming language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by KX Systems. The language serves as the foundation for kdb+, an in-memory, column-based database, and other related financial products. The language, originally developed in 1993, is a variant of APL and contains elements of Scheme. Advocates of the language emphasize its speed, facility in handling arrays, and expressive syntax.

Kdb+
kdb+ is a column-based relational time series database (TSDB) with in-memory (IMDB) abilities, developed and marketed by KX Systems. The database is commonly used in high-frequency trading (HFT) to store, analyze, process, and retrieve large data sets at high speed. kdb+ has the ability to handle billions of records and analyzes data within a database. The database is available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions for several operating systems. Financial institutions use kdb+ to analyze time series data such as stock or commodity exchange data. The database has also been used for other time-sensitive data applications including commodity markets such as energy trading, telecommunications, sensor data, log data, machine and computer network usage monitoring along with real time analytics in Formula One racing.