hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fort Nelson, British Columbia
Fort Nelson is a community in northeast British Columbia, Canada, within the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality (NRRM). It held town status prior to 6 February 2009, when it amalgamated with the former Northern Rockies Regional District to form the NRRM, becoming its administrative centre. The NRRM is the first regional municipality in the province.

The community lies east of the northern Rocky Mountains in the Peace River region along the Alaska Highway at Mile 300. The town is approximately a four hour drive from the nearest urban centre, Fort St. John, but could potentially take six hours under winter driving conditions. The Alaska Highway both north and south of Fort Nelson is most often very well plowed in the winter and offers scenic views year round.

According to the 2021 Canadian Census, the population was 2,611, a drop of 22.5% from the 2016 census.

Muncho Lake Provincial Park
Muncho Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the Alaska Highway as it transits the northernmost Canadian Rockies west of Fort Nelson. The park is part of the larger Muskwa-Kechika Management Area. It is named after Muncho Lake, which is in the park and is both the name of the lake and of the community located there.
Arad Region
Arad Region (Regiunea Arad) was one of the newly established (in 1950) administrative divisions of the People's Republic of Romania, copied after the Soviet style of territorial organisation. It existed until 1956, when its territory was divided between the Timișoara Region and Oradea Region.

Regions of the People's Republic of Romania
The regions represented the result of a Soviet-inspired experiment regarding the administrative and territorial organisation of the Romanian People's Republic (later Socialist Republic of Romania) between 1950 and 1968.

See also: Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of Romania.
Kulykol
Kulykol (Kazakh: Қулыкөл) is a lake in Kamysty District, Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan. The lake lies near the Kazakhstan–Russia border.

The nearest inhabited place is Taldykol, located 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) to the east. Kulykol is part of the Kulykol-Taldykol Lake System, a 8,300 hectares (21,000 acres) Ramsar site since 2009. The name of the lake comes from the Kazakh "Қулы/көл", meaning "swan/lake".

Kamysty District
Kamysty (Kazakh: Қамысты ауданы, Qamysty audany) is a district of Kostanay Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Kamysty. Population: 14,482 (2013 estimate); 15,807 (2009 census results); 23,146 (1999 census results).
Zastava Arms
44°00′29″N 20°54′51″E﻿ / ﻿44.00806°N 20.91417°E﻿ / 44.00806; 20.91417

Zastava Arms (Serbian: Застава оружје, romanized: Zastava oružje) is a Serbian and formerly Yugoslav manufacturer of firearms, based in Kragujevac, Serbia. It is among the leading producer of firearms in the Balkans and a large contributor to the Serbian defense industry. Zastava Arms manufactures and exports a wide variety of products to over forty countries, including the Zastava M70, a variant of the Kalashnikov rifle.

ZB vz. 26
The ZB-26 was a Czechoslovak light machine gun developed in the 1920s, which went on to enter service with several countries. It saw its major use during World War II, and spawned the related ZB vz. 27, vz. 30, and vz. 33. The ZB vz. 26 influenced many other light machine gun designs including the British Bren light machine gun and the Japanese Type 97 heavy tank machine gun. The ZB-26 is famous for its reliability, simple components, quick-change barrel and ease of manufacturing.

This light machine gun in the Czechoslovak army was marked as the LK vz. 26 ("LK" means lehký kulomet, light machine gun; "vz." stands for vzor, Model in Czech). ZB vz. 26 is incorrect nomenclature because "ZB-26" is a factory designation (Československá zbrojovka v Brně), while "vzor 26" or "vz. 26" is an army designation.
Repository for Germinal Choice
The Repository for Germinal Choice (originally named the Hermann J. Muller Repository for Germinal Choice, after Nobel laureate Hermann Joseph Muller) was a sperm bank that operated in Escondido, California from 1980 to 1999. The repository is commonly believed to have accepted only donations from recipients of the Nobel Prize, although in fact it accepted donations from non-Nobelists, also. The first baby conceived from the project was a girl born on April 19, 1982. Founded by Robert Klark Graham, the repository was dubbed the "Nobel prize sperm bank" by media reports at the time.  The only contributor who became known publicly was William Shockley, Nobel laureate in physics and eugenicist.

Escondido, California
Escondido (Spanish for "hidden") is a city in San Diego County, California, United States.  Located in the North County region, it was incorporated in 1888, and is one of the oldest cities in San Diego County. It has a population of 151,038 as of the 2020 census.
Socialist Workers' Party (Netherlands, 1959)
The Socialist Workers' Party (Dutch: Socialistische Werkers Partij, abbreviated SWP) was a communist party in the Netherlands. SWP was founded in 1959, after a split within the leadership of the Communist Party of the Netherlands. The founders of CPN opposed the CPN party secretary Paul de Groot. They had formed the Brug-group, and launched the new party in July 1959. The party held its first congress in Amsterdam, January 23–24, 1960.

Ideologically SWP adhered to Marxism-Leninism, and the party was organized along the lines of democratic centralism. The party had a membership of around 500.

The party proclaimed its solidarity with the Soviet Union, but the Soviets paid little interest in the Dutch splinter group.

In 1965 the majority of SWP members joined the Pacifist Socialist Party.

Communist Party of the Netherlands
The Communist Party of the Netherlands (Dutch: Communistische Partij Nederland [kɔmyˈnɪstisə pɑrˈtɛi ˈneːdərlɑnt], CPN) was a communist party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1909 as the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and merged with the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party in 1991, forming the GroenLinks. Members opposed to the merger founded the New Communist Party of the Netherlands.
Castellammarese War
The Castellammarese War (Italian pronunciation: [kaˌstɛllammaˈreːze, -eːse]) was a bloody power struggle for control of the American Mafia between partisans of Joe "The Boss" Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano in New York City from February 26, 1930, until April 15, 1931. The feud was named after the Sicilian town of Castellammare del Golfo, Maranzano's birthplace.

Maranzano's faction prevailed in the conflict and divided New York's crime families into the Five Families. Maranzano declared himself capo di tutti i capi ("boss of all bosses"). Maranzano was murdered in September 1931 on orders of Lucky Luciano, who established a power-sharing arrangement through a governing body called the Commission, giving equal stature to all Mafia families to avoid such feuds in the future.

Frank Scalice
Frank Scalice (/skɑːˈliːsi/; born Francesco Scalisi, Italian: [franˈtʃesko skaˈliːzi]; September 23, 1893 – June 17, 1957), also known as "Don Ciccio" and "Wacky", was an Italian-American mobster active in New York City, who led the future Gambino crime family from 1930 to 1931. He was consigliere from 1931 until his murder on June 17, 1957.
Gallaeci
The Callaeci (also Callaici in the earliest sources and Callaeci in later sources; Ancient Greek: Καλλαϊκοί) were a Late Iron Age tribal complex who inhabited the north-western corner of Iberia, a region roughly corresponding to what is now Galicia, the Norte Region in northern Portugal and the Spanish regions of western Asturias and western León before and during the Roman period. They spoke Indo-European dialects with Celtic and non-Celtic features, although their actual kinship is under discussion (see Callaecian language). The region was annexed by the Romans from the Lusitanian to the Cantabrian Wars, which paved the way for Romanization of the Callaeci over the following centuries.

The endonym of modern-day Galicians, galegos, derives directly from the name of this people.

Portus Cale
Portus Cale was an ancient town and port in present-day northern Portugal, in the area of today's Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia. The name of the town eventually influenced the name of the subsequent country of Portugal, from the 9th century onwards.
Trams in Dresden
The Dresden tramway network (German: Straßenbahnnetz Dresden) is a network of tramways forming the backbone of the public transport system in Dresden, a city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.  Opened in 1872, it has been operated since 1993 by Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (DVB), and is integrated in the Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe (VVO).

As of 2008, the network comprised 12 tram lines,  with a total line length of approximately 210 kilometres (130 mi) and a total route length of 132.7 kilometres (82.5 mi).  There was 291.6 kilometres (181.2 mi) of track, which translated into 132.7 kilometres (82.5 mi) of actual tram line, serving 154 tram stops.

Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe
The Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe (Upper Elbe Transport Association or VVO) is a transport association run by public transport providers in the Saxon Elbeland area of the German state of Saxony. The VVO area comprises the city of Dresden, together with the districts of Meißen and Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge, and the north-western part of the district of Bautzen.

On 24 May 1998, a uniform public transport tariff system was adopted by the VVO's member companies. The joint area is divided into 21 tariff zones, the largest of which extends over the entire city of Dresden.
Samsung SGH-G800
The SGH-G800 is a slider mobile phone part of the Samsung G-series. It features a 5-megapixel camera with xenon flash as well as 3x optical zoom, a very rare feature for a camera phone. It was introduced in October 2007 and released in November.

The phone uses microSD cards. It has FM-radio and mp3 playback. This was one of the first mobile phones with 5-megapixel camera (the previous G600 had it before though). Product's software allows many options for taking photos and photo editor. It can be charged with power adapter or via USB cable. It has a 2.4-inch QVGA LCD. Samsung advertised the G800 as the "world's first 5 megapixel camera phone with 3x optical zoom".

The handset was succeeded by the Samsung SGH-G810.

Samsung SGH-G810
The Samsung G810 is a Symbian OS mobile phone developed and released by Samsung Telecommunications. It was announced at Mobile World Congress on 11 February 2008.

The handset succeeds the previous G-model, the G800, incorporating the same 5-megapixel camera with Xenon flash, 3x Optical Zoom, and 3.5G capability, whilst adding Wi-Fi and GPS capabilities and running on the S60 (3rd Edition) Symbian platform. With these features in a slider-package, the G810 was aimed at rivaling Nokia's N95. It has an all-metal casing.

The G810 comes with QuickOffice pre-installed which ables to edit and create Microsoft Office 2003 file formats and read PDF files. Its web browser is WebKit based and is able to use WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML, RSS feeds and video streaming.

It was succeeded by the Samsung i8510 Innov8.
Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia
Engelbert II (died 13 April 1141), a member of the House of Sponheim, was Margrave of Istria and Carniola from about 1103/07 until 1124. In 1123, he succeeded his elder brother Henry as Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Verona which he held until his retirement in 1135.

March of Istria
The March of Istria, or the Margraviate of Istria (German: Markgrafschaft Istrien) was a historical frontier county, or march centered on the Istrian peninsula. It was established after the Carolingian conquest at the end of the 8th century, and continued to exist in various territorial scopes and administrative forms within the Holy Roman Empire, consequently becoming integrated into the Austrian Kingdom of Illyria, and the Austrian Littoral. In time it lost its most western (coastal) regions, that became part of the Venetian Istria, while the Istrian frontier county, or march was reduced to central and eastern parts of the Istrian peninsula. Those regions were reintegrated after 1797, and the reunited Istrian march was finally abolished in 1918.
Moisés Kaufman
Moisés Kaufman (born November 21, 1963) is a Venezuelan American theater director, filmmaker, playwright, founder of Tectonic Theater Project based in New York City, and co-founder of Miami New Drama at the Colony Theatre. He was awarded the 2016 National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama. He is best known for creating The Laramie Project (2000) with other members of Tectonic Theater Project. He has directed extensively on Broadway and Internationally, and is the author of numerous plays, including Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde and 33 Variations.

Born and raised in Caracas, Venezuela, he moved as a young man to New York City in 1987.

Tectonic Theater Project
Tectonic Theater Project is a stage and theater group whose plays have been performed around the world. The company is dedicated to developing works that explore theatrical language and form, fostering dialogue with audiences on the social, political, and human issues that affect society. In service to this goal, Tectonic supports readings, workshops, and full theatrical productions, as well as training for students around the United States in their play-making techniques. The company has won a GLAAD Media Award.
Alcohol and sex
Alcohol and sex deals with the effects of the consumption of alcohol on sexual behavior. The effects of alcohol are balanced between its suppressive effects on sexual physiology, which will decrease sexual activity, and its suppression of sexual inhibitions. A large portion of sexual assaults involve alcohol consumption by the perpetrator, victim, or both.

Alcohol is a depressant. After consumption, alcohol causes the body's systems to slow down. Often, feelings of drunkenness are associated with elation and happiness but other feelings of anger or depression can arise. Balance, judgment, and coordination are also negatively affected. One of the most significant short term side effects of alcohol is reduced inhibition. Reduced inhibitions can lead to an increase in sexual behavior.

Risky sexual behavior
Risky sexual behavior is the description of the activity that will increase the probability that a person engaging in sexual activity with another person infected with a sexually transmitted infection will be infected, become unintentionally pregnant, or make a partner pregnant. It can mean two similar things: the behavior itself, and the description of the partner's behavior.

The behavior could be unprotected vaginal, oral, anal, or non-penetrative manual intercourse. The partner could be a non-exclusive sexual partner, HIV-positive, and/or an intravenous drug user.
Kurozuka Kofun
Kurozuka Kofun (黒塚古墳)  is a Kofun period keyhole-shaped burial mound, located in the Yanagimoto-cho neighborhood of the city of Tenri, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2001. It is noted for the 33 triangular-rimmed bronze mirrors with divine beasts that were excavated in almost the same arrangement as when they were originally buried.

Tenri, Nara
Tenri (天理市, Tenri-shi) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan.  As of 30 September 2024, the city had an estimated population of 60,890 in 29456 households, and a population density of 700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 86.42 km2 (33.37 sq mi). The city is named after the Japanese new religion Tenrikyo, which has its headquarters in the city.
Sierra Point (Brisbane)
Sierra Point is a small artificial peninsula that extends eastward into the San Francisco Bay from the eastern shore of the San Francisco Peninsula, located in Brisbane, San Mateo County, California (although the south part of the business park extends into South San Francisco).  It lies entirely east of U.S. Route 101.  There are several class A office buildings at Sierra Point including the Dakin Building and the former Hitachi building.  The Brisbane Marina is on the eastern shore of Sierra Point. The San Francisco Bay Trail runs along the waterfront of the peninsula and continues south into the Oyster Point area of South San Francisco.

Brisbane, California
Brisbane (pron. /ˈbrɪzbeɪn/ BRIZ-bayn) is a small city in San Mateo County, California, located on the lower slopes of the San Bruno Mountain. The city is on the northeastern edge of San Mateo County, located immediately south of the San Francisco city limits on the San Francisco Bay. The population was 4,851 as of the 2020 census.

Brisbane is called "The City of Stars" because of a holiday tradition dating back to 1939. At the start of the Christmas/Hanukkah season, many residents and business owners place large, illuminated stars, some as big as 10 feet (3.0 m) or more in diameter, on the downhill sides of homes and offices throughout Brisbane.  Many of the stars are kept up all year.
2015 World Taekwondo Championships
The 2015 World Taekwondo Championships were the 22nd edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Chelyabinsk, Russia from May 12 to May 18, 2015. The decision to award the games to Russia was made in 2013 as they out-voted both Vietnam and Brazil.

World Taekwondo Championships
The World Taekwondo Championship is held every two years by World Taekwondo. In addition to the kyorugi (full contact fighting) Championships, there are also Para World Championships as well as Poomsae and Para Poomsae Championships held every two years.
Elephant Building
The Elephant Building or Chang Building (Thai: ตึกช้าง, RTGS: tuek chang, Thai pronunciation: [tɯk̚˨˩.t͡ɕʰaːŋ˦˥]) is a skyscraper at Paholyothin Road and Ratchadaphisek Road in Bangkok, Thailand. It lies in the north Bangkok business district and Chatuchak District. The building is one of the better known buildings in Bangkok as it resembles an elephant. It was a collaboration between Dr Arun Chaisaree (Thai: ดร.อรุณ ชัยเสรี; RTGS: arun chai-seri) and architect Ong-ard Satrabhandhu (Thai: องอาจ สาตรพันธุ์; RTGS: Ong-at Sattraphan) The building has 32 floors and is 102 metres (335 ft) high. It was completed in 1997. The Elephant Building was ranked number four of the "20 World's Iconic Skyscrapers [sic]" by CNNGo in February 2011.

The elephant building consists of seven parts:

Tower A (offices)

Tower B (offices)

Tower C (residential)

Top Floor (residential suites)

Recreation Ground (swimming pool, gardens)

Shopping plaza, bank, post office

Garage

Chatuchak district
Chatuchak (Thai: จตุจักร, pronounced [t͡ɕàʔ.tùʔ.t͡ɕàk]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. The district is bounded by seven other districts (from the north clockwise): Lak Si, Bang Khen, Lat Phrao, Huai Khwang, Din Daeng, Phaya Thai, and Bang Sue.
GNR Class N2
The Great Northern Railway (GNR) Class N2 is an 0-6-2T side tank steam locomotive designed by Nigel Gresley and introduced in 1920. Further batches were built by the London and North Eastern Railway from 1925. They had superheaters and piston valves driven by Stephenson valve gear.

Some locomotives were fitted with condensing apparatus for working on the Metropolitan Railway Widened Lines between King's Cross and Moorgate.

Condensing steam locomotive
A condensing steam locomotive is a type of locomotive designed to recover exhaust steam, either in order to improve range between taking on boiler water, or to reduce emission of steam inside enclosed spaces. The apparatus takes the exhaust steam that would normally be used to produce a draft for the firebox, and routes it through a heat exchanger, into the boiler water tanks. Installations vary depending on the purpose, design and the type of locomotive to which it is fitted. It differs from the usual closed cycle condensing steam engine, in that the function of the condenser is primarily either to recover water, or to avoid excessive emissions to the atmosphere, rather than maintaining a vacuum to improve both efficiency and power.
2008–09 Pro A season
The 2008–09 LNB Pro A season was the 87th season of the French Basketball Championship and the 22nd season since inception of the Ligue Nationale de Basketball (LNB). The regular season started on October 3, 2008 and ended on May 11, 2009. The play-offs were held from May 22, 2009 until June 20, 2009.

ASVEL Lyon-Villeurbanne, after finishing at the top seed of the regular season, won the French Pro A League by defeating Orléans in playoffs final (55-41).

ASVEL Basket
ASVEL Basket, currently known as LDLC ASVEL for sponsorship reasons,  is a French professional basketball team located in the commune of Villeurbanne, a suburb of Lyon, France. The club, which is the basketball section of the ASVEL multi-sports club, competes at the highest level of French basketball, the LNB Élite. The club's home games are played in both the OL Arena and the Astroballe which have a seated capacities of 12,523 and 5,560 respectively.

Founded in 1948, the team is the most successful in French basketball with 21 LNB Élite championships and 10 French Cup titles.

In 2014, Tony Parker became the president of the club. In 2017, Nicolas Batum became the club's director of basketball operations. In June 2019, football club Olympique Lyonnais's holding company OL Groupe purchased a 25% stake in the ASVEL men's team, plus a 10% stake in the ASVEL women's team, in a deal worth around €3.7 million. The deal also included a plan for a new EuroLeague-standard arena.
Generalized minimal residual method
In mathematics, the generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) is an iterative method for the numerical solution of an indefinite nonsymmetric system of linear equations. The method approximates the solution by the vector in a Krylov subspace with minimal residual. The Arnoldi iteration is used to find this vector.

The GMRES method was developed by Yousef Saad and Martin H. Schultz in 1986. It is a generalization and improvement of the MINRES method due to Paige and Saunders in 1975. The MINRES method requires that the matrix is symmetric, but has the advantage that it only requires handling of three vectors. GMRES is a special case of the DIIS method developed by Peter Pulay in 1980. DIIS is applicable to non-linear systems.

DIIS
DIIS (direct inversion in the iterative subspace or direct inversion of the iterative subspace), also known as Pulay mixing, is a technique for extrapolating the solution to a set of linear equations by directly minimizing an error residual (e.g. a Newton–Raphson step size) with respect to a linear combination of known sample vectors. DIIS was developed by Peter Pulay in the field of computational quantum chemistry with the intent to accelerate and stabilize the convergence of the Hartree–Fock self-consistent field method.

At a given iteration, the approach constructs a linear combination of approximate error vectors from previous iterations. The coefficients of the linear combination are determined so to best approximate, in a least squares sense, the null vector. The newly determined coefficients are then used to extrapolate the function variable for the next iteration.
Official (ice hockey)
In ice hockey, an official is a person who has some responsibility for enforcing the rules and maintaining the order of the game. There are two categories of officials, on-ice officials, who are the referees and linesmen that enforce the rules during gameplay, and off-ice officials, who have an administrative role rather than an enforcement role.

Face-off
A face-off is the method used to begin and restart play after goals in some sports using sticks, primarily ice hockey, inline hockey, bandy, floorball, broomball, rinkball, and lacrosse.

During a face-off, two teams line up in opposition to each other, and the opposing players attempt to gain control of the puck or ball after it is dropped or otherwise placed between their sticks by an official.