hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dumat al-Jandal
Dumat al-Jandal (Arabic: دُومَة ٱلْجَنْدَل, romanized: Dūmat al-Jandal, lit. 'Dumah of the Stone', pronounced [ˈduːmat alˈdʒandal]), also known as Al-Jawf or Al-Jouf (Arabic: ٱلْجَوْف, lit. 'cavity/depression'), which refers to Wadi Sirhan, is an ancient city of ruins and the historical capital of the Al Jawf Province, today in northwestern Saudi Arabia. It is located 37 km from Sakakah.

The city stood north of the Nafud desert and at one end of Wadi Sirhan, at a major intersection of ancient trade routes part of what is known as the incense route, with one branch linking the various sources of valuable goods in India and southern Arabia with Babylon, and another linking the Persian Gulf through Wadi Sirhan with southern  Syria. It is surrounded by the historical Dumat al-Jandal Wall and stands within an oasis.

Some scholars identify this site as territory of Dumah, one of the twelve sons of Ishmael mentioned in  the Book of Genesis.

Wadi Sirhan
Wadi Sirhan (Arabic: وَادِي سِرْحَان, romanized: Wādī Sirḥān, lit. 'Valley of Sirhan') is a wide depression in the northwestern Arabian Peninsula. It runs from the Aljouf oasis in Saudi Arabia northwestward into Jordan. It historically served as a major trade and transportation route between Syria and Arabia. From antiquity until the early 20th century, control of Wadi Sirhan was often contested by various Arab tribes. The valley is named after the Sirhan tribe which migrated there in the mid-17th century.
Hunter Corbett
Hunter Corbett D.D. (Chinese: 郭显德; pinyin: Guō Xiǎndé; December 8, 1835 – January 7, 1920) was a pioneer American missionary to Chefoo (Zhifu 芝罘区, in Yantai), Shandong China, he served with the American Presbyterian Mission. He was a fervent advocate of the missionary enterprise.

He founded the Yi Wen School at Tengchow (also known as Boys' Academy / Hunter Corbett Academy Tengchow) afterward converted into an institution of higher education as Cheeloo University in 1928. It was the first university in China.

Presbyterian Mission Agency
Presbyterian Mission Agency is the ministry and mission agency of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Founded as the Western Foreign Missionary Society by the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1837, it was involved in sending workers to countries such as China during the late Qing dynasty and to India in the nineteenth century. Also known as the Foreign Missions Board in China, its name was changed by the Old School body during the Old School–New School Controversy to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.
Collalto Sabino
Collalto Sabino (Sabino: Collartu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Rome and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Rieti. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Collalto Sabino borders the following municipalities: Carsoli, Collegiove, Marcetelli, Nespolo, Pescorocchiano, Turania. It is located near the Lake Turano. It is home to a baronial Castle, which was owned by the Savelli, Strozzi, Soderini and, from 1641, by the Barberini families. The town is surrounded by a 15th-century line of walls.

Among the sites to the town are Palazzo Latini and the small church of Madonna della Speranza.

Turania
Turania is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Rome and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Rieti.

Turania borders the following municipalities: Carsoli, Collalto Sabino, Collegiove, Pozzaglia Sabina, Vivaro Romano.
Jack Carson
John Elmer Carson (October 27, 1910 – January 2, 1963), known as Jack Carson, was a Canadian-born American film actor. Carson often played the role of comedic friend in films of the 1940s and 1950s, including The Strawberry Blonde (1941) with James Cagney and Arsenic and Old Lace (1944) with Cary Grant. He appeared in such dramas as Mildred Pierce (1945), A Star Is Born (1954), and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958). He worked for RKO and MGM (where he was cast opposite Myrna Loy and William Powell in Love Crazy, 1941), but most of his notable work was for Warner Bros.

The Jack Carson Show
The Jack Carson Show is an American old-time radio comedy-variety program. It was broadcast on different seasons on CBS and NBC, beginning on June 2, 1943, and ending on December 20, 1956. The program was also known as The Sealtest Village Store, and the New Jack Carson Show. It was carried on the CBC Dominion network in Canada, as well. Additionally, The Jack Carson Show is the title of a television program that was broadcast on NBC from October 22, 1954, until March 11, 1955.
The Suburbs (band)
The Suburbs are an alternative punk rock/funk/new wave band from Minneapolis, Minnesota.

In its 1980s heyday, the band found great success in Minneapolis and the Midwest, and scored radio and dance-club hits with the songs "Music for Boys", "Waiting", and "Love Is the Law". The band released four albums and two EPs, including the well-regarded In Combo, Credit in Heaven, and Love Is The Law.  The band frequently headlined at Minneapolis's most influential music clubs, including Jay's Longhorn Bar and First Avenue. Ira Robbins of Trouser Press called the band "one of Minneapolis’ major musical resources of the late ’70s and early ’80s".

Viva! Suburbs! Live at First Avenue
Viva! Suburbs! Live at First Avenue is a live album by the American New wave band The Suburbs that was recorded "mostly" on April 24, 1993 at First Avenue, a music venue in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Viva! Suburbs! Live at First Avenue was released by Twin/Tone in 1994.
Durham, Missouri
Durham is an unincorporated community in southern Lewis County, Missouri, United States.  It is located on Route 6, approximately ten miles southwest of La Grange. Durham is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

A post office called Durham has been in operation since 1872. The community has the name of a railroad employee.

Quincy–Hannibal combined statistical area
The Quincy–Hannibal, IL–MO Combined Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of one county in Western Illinois and three counties in northeast Missouri, anchored by the cities of Quincy and Hannibal.

As of the 2020 census, the μSA had a population of 114,649.
The Dunciad
The Dunciad (/ˈdʌnsi.æd/) is a landmark, mock-heroic, narrative poem by Alexander Pope published in three different versions at different times from 1728 to 1743. The poem celebrates a goddess, Dulness, and the progress of her chosen agents as they bring decay, imbecility, and tastelessness to the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Translatio studii
Translatio studii (Latin for "transfer of learning") is a historiographical concept which originated in the Middle Ages in which history is viewed as a linear succession of transfers of knowledge or learning from one geographical place and time to another. The concept is closely linked to translatio imperii, which similarly describes the movement of imperial dominance.  Both terms are thought to have their origins in the second chapter of the Book of Daniel in the Hebrew Bible (verses 39–40).
Women Are Trouble
Women Are Trouble is a 1936 American crime film directed by Errol Taggart and written by Michael Fessier. The film stars Stuart Erwin, Paul Kelly, Florence Rice, Margaret Irving, Cy Kendall and John Harrington. The film was released on July 31, 1936, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Casey, Crime Photographer
Casey, Crime Photographer (also known as Crime photographer; Flashgun Casey; Casey, Press Photographer; Stephen Bristol, Crime Photographer) was an American media franchise that lasted from the 1930s until the 1960s. Created by crime writer George Harmon Coxe, the photographer Casey was featured in radio, film, theater, novels, magazines and comic books, and television.
Launched in a 1934 issue of the pulp magazine Black Mask, the character Jack "Flashgun" Casey, was a crime photographer for the newspaper The Morning Express. With the help of reporter Ann Williams (portrayed on radio and TV by Jan Miner), he solved crimes and recounted his stories to friends at The Blue Note, their favorite tavern.
Mukawa, Yamanashi
Mukawa (武川村, Mukawa-mura) was a village located in Kitakoma District, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.

On November 1, 2004, Mukawa, along with the towns of Hakushū, Nagasaka, Sutama and Takane, and the villages of Akeno and Ōizumi (all from Kitakoma District), was merged to create the city of Hokuto.

Mukawa is the home of the Yamataka Jindai Zakura, cherry blossom tree, estimated to be nearly 2,000 years old.

Hokuto, Yamanashi
Hokuto (北杜市, Hokuto-shi) is a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020,  the city had an estimated population of 45,684  in 22,091 households, and a population density of 78 inhabitants per square kilometre (200/sq mi). The total area of the city is 602.48 square kilometres (232.62 sq mi).
Central Bank of Manchou
The Central Bank of Manchou (Chinese: 滿洲中央銀行; pinyin: Mǎnzhōu Zhōngyāng Yínháng; Wade–Giles: Man3-chou1 Chung1-yang1 Yin2-hang2; Japanese Hepburn: Manshū Chūō Ginkō), was the central bank of the Japan-sponsored state of Manchukuo, created in 1932.

It was thus one of the "puppet" banks of issue established by the Japanese occupation forces, together with the Mengjiang Bank (1937-1945), United Reserve Bank (1938-1945), Huaxing Commercial Bank (1938-1941) and Central Reserve Bank (1941-1945): 6

United Reserve Bank
The United Reserve Bank, sometimes referred to as Federal Reserve Bank or Federated Reserve Bank (Chinese: 中國聯合準備銀行), was the central bank of the Japan-supported Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940) that governed North China in the early years of the Second Sino-Japanese War, and then of its successor the North China Political Council led by Wang Kemin.

Based in Peiping, it operated between March 1938 and August 1945.: 512  It was thus one of the "puppet" banks of issue established by the Japanese occupation forces, together with the Central Bank of Manchou (1932-1945), Mengjiang Bank (1937-1945), Huaxing Commercial Bank (1938-1941) and Central Reserve Bank (1941-1945).: 6
Civil Cooperation Bureau
The South African Civil Cooperation Bureau (CCB) (Afrikaans: Buro vir Burgerlike Samewerking (BSB)) was a government-sponsored death squad during the apartheid era. The CCB, operated under the authority of Defence Minister General Magnus Malan. The Truth and Reconciliation Committee pronounced the CCB guilty of numerous killings, and suspected more killings.

Roodeplaat Research Laboratories
Roodeplaat Research Laboratories (RRL) (Afrikaans: Roodeplaat Navorsings Laboratoriums) was a front company established in 1983 by the South African Defence Force to research, test and produce biological weapons within a covert operation known as Project Coast.

The Agricultural Research Council - Plant Protection Research Institute is now situated on this location.
133rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 133rd Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw service during the First World War in British India, but never as a complete formation. In the Second World War, the brigade fought in the Battle of France in May 1940 and was evacuated at Dunkirk. It later fought in the North African Campaign, and was disbanded on 1 January 1943.

1st Cinque Ports Rifle Volunteers
The 1st Cinque Ports Rifle Volunteers was a part-time unit of the British Army first raised from the Cinque Ports of Kent and Sussex in 1859. It later became the 5th (Cinque Ports) Battalion of the Royal Sussex Regiment. During the First World War, it served on the Western front as pioneers, seeing a great deal of action at Aubers Ridge, the Somme, Ypres, and in Italy. In the Second World War, both the battalion and its duplicate served in the Battle of France and were evacuated from Dunkirk. The 5th Battalion then fought at the Second Battle of El Alamein while its duplicate unit served as an anti-aircraft regiment in the campaign in North West Europe. Neither unit was reformed after the war.
Gricignano di Aversa
Gricignano di Aversa (Campanian: Rricignànë or, less commonly, Rricignèn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region of Campania, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Naples and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southwest of Caserta.

Located in agro atellano, it is known for the U.S. Navy Support Site of the Naples NSA.

Gricignano borders the following municipalities: Aversa, Teverola, Marcianise, Cesa, Succivo, Sant'Arpino.

The ancient city of Atella was located nearby.

Aversa
Aversa (Italian: [aˈvɛrsa]) is a city and comune in the Province of Caserta in Campania, southern Italy, about 24 km north of Naples. It is the centre of an agricultural district, the Agro Aversano, producing wine and cheese (famous for the typical buffalo mozzarella). Aversa is also the main seat of the faculties of Architecture and Engineering of the Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli" (Campania University "L. Vanvitelli"). With a population of 52,974 (2017), it is the second city of the province after Caserta.
Airy (lunar crater)
Airy is a lunar impact crater located in the southern highlands. It is named in honour of British astronomer George Biddell Airy. It forms the southernmost member of a chain of craters consisting of Vogel, Argelander, and Airy. A little further to the south lies Donati. Airy has a worn, and somewhat polygonal rim that it broken at the northern and southern ends. It has a fractured floor and a central peak.

Vogel (lunar crater)
Vogel is a small lunar impact crater located to the southeast of Albategnius. It was named after the German astronomer Hermann Carl Vogel. It is the smallest member of a trio of craters that increase in size from north to south, consisting of Vogel, Argelander and Airy. To the west is the remnant of the crater Parrot.

Both the northern and southern ends of Vogel's rim are interrupted by smaller craters. Vogel B to the north is overlain in turn along its northern rim by an even smaller crater, thus forming a cluster of interconnected craters with Vogel being the largest. The rim of Vogel is otherwise relatively intact and not significantly worn.
Hexham Abbey
Hexham Abbey is a Grade I listed church dedicated to St Andrew, in the town of Hexham, Northumberland, in the North East of England. Originally built in AD 674, the Abbey was built up during the 12th century into its current form, with additions around the turn of the 20th century. Since the dissolution of the monasteries in 1537, the Abbey has been the parish church of Hexham. In 2014 the Abbey regained ownership of its former monastic buildings, which had been used as Hexham magistrates' court, and subsequently developed them into a permanent exhibition and visitor centre, telling the story of the Abbey's history.

Bishop of Hexham
The Bishop of Hexham was an episcopal title which took its name after the market town of Hexham in Northumberland, England. The title was first used by the Anglo-Saxons in the 7th and 9th centuries, and then by the Roman Catholic Church since the 19th century.
Serge Dube
Serge Dube was born on August 13, 1979, in Greater Sudbury, Canada. He is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defence-man. He was also formerly the head coach of the Laredo Bucks in the Central Hockey League for two seasons through to the 2011–12 season. He played for AHL, San Antonio Rampage, CHL, Laredo Bucks, BNL, Bracknell Bees. His playing career was between 2002 and 2011.

Laredo Bucks
The Laredo Bucks were an ice hockey team in the Central Hockey League. The Bucks played in Laredo, Texas, United States at the Laredo Energy Arena, formerly known as the Laredo Entertainment Center. On May 1, 2012, the management, citing declining attendance and revenue reversals, announced that the team would suspend operations for the following season, with hopes of returning or relocating the team. On August 1, it was announced that the Laredo Bucks were sold and moved to St. Charles, Missouri and would be renamed the St. Charles Chill.
Pelezinho (comics)
Pelezinho is a Brazilian comic book series created by Mauricio de Sousa based on soccer star Pelé in his childhood. The character was created in 1976 from conversations between Mauricio and Pelé to create a character to better promote the player who at the time had just become a phenomenon for the Brazil national team. The characters were suggested by Pelé himself, based on childhood memories.

The comic was published from August 1977 to December 1986, totaling 66 issues released, and after that the character was no longer used for a long time, except in some special comics. On the other hand, in addition to him, several other football stars have also been created by Mauricio, as well as Pelezinho, as well as children's versions such as Dieguito (based on Diego Maradona), Ronaldo Fenômeno, Ronaldinho Gaúcho and Neymar. It was only in June 2012 that the character was used again with the republication of the old comics.

Mauricio de Sousa
Mauricio Araújo de Sousa (Brazilian Portuguese: [mawˈɾisju dʒi ˈsowzɐ]; born October 27, 1935), known artistically as Mauricio de Sousa or mononymously just as Mauricio, is a Brazilian cartoonist and businessman who has created over 200 characters for his popular series of children's comic books named Turma da Mônica (Monica and Friends).

At 17 years of age, he worked for a daily newspaper called Folha da Manhã as a crime reporter. In 1959, Mauricio quit that job and began his comic book career, and created Monica and Friends. Mauricio's characters were inspired by children he knew from his childhood and by his own children. His later style is slightly reminiscent of that of Osamu Tezuka, a famous Japanese manga artist and personal friend.
Mauricio's work has garnered recogniation both in his home country and abroad, which includes a number of international awards. In 2011, he was honored in the seventh edition of the Festival Internacional de Quadrinhos, at Belo Horizonte.
James Boleyn
Sir James Boleyn (died 1561) was a courtier in the reign of Henry VIII of England and chancellor of the household of his niece, Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII. He was thus the grand-uncle of Elizabeth I. James was the son of Sir William Boleyn and his wife, Margaret Butler. His eldest brother was Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire.

William Boleyn
Sir William Boleyn, KB (1451 – 10 October 1505) of Blickling Hall in Norfolk and Hever Castle in Kent, was a wealthy and powerful landowner who served as Sheriff of Kent in 1489 and as Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1500. He was the father of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, whose daughter was Queen Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII.
BredaMenarinibus
BredaMenarinibus S.p.A. was a bus manufacturer based in Bologna, Italy. The company was established in 1989 through the merger of Bredabus, the bus and coach divisions of Breda Costruzioni Ferroviarie, heir of the consortium Inbus (Industrie Autobus), and Carrozzeria Menarini, established in 1919 in Bologna, anticipating those processes of industrial aggregation that would characterize the bus sector as well as that of industrial vehicles.

Hitachi Rail Italy
Hitachi Rail Italy S.p.A. is a multinational rolling stock manufacturer  company based in Pistoia, Italy. Formerly AnsaldoBreda S.p.A., a subsidiary of state-owned Finmeccanica, the company was sold in 2015 to Hitachi Rail of Japan. After the deal was finalized, the current name was adopted in November 2015 to reflect the new ownership.
Richard Orsini
Richard Orsini (Italian: Riccardo Orsini) was the count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos from before 1260 to his death in 1303/4, and also Count of Gravina in 1284–91. He also served on behalf of the Angevin Kingdom of Naples as captain-general of Corfu in 1286–90 and as the bailli in the Principality of Achaea from 1297 to 1300. He assisted the Despot of Epirus in battle against the Byzantine Empire, and secured the marriage of his son, John I, to the Epirote ruler's daughter, which would lead in 1318 to the Orsini takeover of Epirus.

Counts and dukes of Gravina
The counts of Gravina, later the dukes of Gravina, were medieval rulers of Gravina in Puglia, in the old Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples. The county was settled on various royal favorites, and was held by members of the Neapolitan royal family from about 1300 until 1385. In 1417, it was granted to Francesco Orsini, who was created a duke in 1436; his descendant holds the title today, and represents the remaining branch of the Orsini family. Among the Orsini dukes, Pietro Francesco resigned his temporal dignities in 1667 to become a Dominican, and subsequently ascended the papal throne as Pope Benedict XIII. His nephew, Duke Domenico II, was created cardinal. Francesco (d. 1503) also achieved notoriety by being strangled in Senigallia while a captive of Cesare Borgia.
Vladimir Zhirinovsky 2018 presidential campaign
The 2018 presidential campaign of Vladimir Zhirinovsky, deputy of the State Duma and leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, was announced on 28 October 2016. Zhirinovsky was officially nominated on 20 December 2017 at the Liberal Democratic Party's 31st annual congress. He submitted to the Central Election Commission the documents required for registration the next day.

According to Mikhail Degtyarev, Zhirinovsky planned to hold the largest campaign in the history of the party. The party's objective was to get Zhirinovsky into the second round, and then win it.

Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky (Russian: Владимир Вольфович Жириновский, IPA: [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ˈvolʲfəvʲɪtɕ ʐɨrʲɪˈnofskʲɪj], né Eidelstein, Russian: Эйдельштейн; 25 April 1946 – 6 April 2022) was a Russian right-wing populist politician who served as the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) from its creation in 1992 until his death in 2022.

Zhirinovsky served as a deputy chairman of the State Duma from 1993 to 2000 and from 2011 until 2022.  He also worked as a delegate in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1996 to 2008. During his lifetime, Zhirinovsky ran in every single Russian presidential election except for the 2004 election.

Zhirinovsky was known for many controversies, as well as staunch advocacy for Russian military action against NATO.
Crow's Nest, Cornwall
Crow's Nest is a village in Cornwall, England. It is located within the civil parish of St Cleer, on the southeastern edge of Bodmin Moor, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the town of Liskeard.

A Site of Special Scientific Interest, also named Crow's Nest, is located 200m north of the village. It is noted for its geological interest, as well as various species of moss, specifically for being one of only two sites in the world where Cornish path moss (Ditrichum cornubicum) grows, a distinction it shares with the Phoenix United Mine, also located in Cornwall. The SSSI also forms part of Phoenix United Mine and Crow's Nest Special Area of Conservation.

Part of the land designated as Crow's Nest Site of Special Scientific Interest is owned by the Ministry of Defence.

Ditrichum cornubicum
Ditrichum cornubicum, commonly known as the Cornish path-moss, is a moss endemic to Cornwall, United Kingdom. First discovered in 1963, on a roadside west of Lanner, Cornwall by Jean Paton, it has since been found in two other places within Cornwall. It was published as new to science in 1976.
Iizuna
Iizuna (飯綱町, Iizuna-machi) is a town located in the Kamiminochi District of northern Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2019, the town had an estimated population of 11,115 in 4187 households, and a population density of 150 persons per km2. the total area of the town is 75.00 square kilometres (28.96 sq mi).

Shinano, Nagano
Shinano (信濃町, Shinano-machi) is a town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2019, the town had an estimated population of 8,339 in 3351 households, and a population density of 56 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 149.30 square kilometres (57.65 sq mi).