hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lotzorai
Lotzorai is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) northeast of Tortolì.

Lotzorai borders the following municipalities: Baunei, Girasole, Talana, Tortolì, Triei, Villagrande Strisaili.

The town's economy is based on agriculture and tourism. Lotzorai's territory is home to several walks, including  those to Cala Goloritzè and the Gole su Gorroppu Lotzorai, while the Selvaggio Blu starts 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Lotzorai in Santa Maria Navarrese. Other sights include a pre-Nuragic necropolis with thirteen Domus de Janas, the Medusa Castle (a medieval fortress built over a pre-existing Phoenician structure, now in ruins) and other pre-Nuragic and Nuragic excavations.

Villagrande Strisaili
Villagrande Strisaili (Sardinian: Biddamanna Istrisàili) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 150 kilometres (93 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 18 kilometres (11 mi) northwest of Tortolì.

Villagrande Strisaili borders the following municipalities: Arzana, Desulo, Fonni, Girasole, Lotzorai, Orgosolo, Talana, Tortolì.

This area was identified as the first Blue Zone due to its exceptional life expectancy. One study found that, unlike global statistics, males in this region live as long as females.
Honley
Honley is a village in the Holme Valley civil parish in Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is situated near to Holmfirth and Huddersfield, and on the banks of the River Holme. According to the 2011 Census it had a population of 6,474, a growth of 577 from the 2001 Census.

The name Honley possibly derives from the Old English Hanalēah meaning either 'cock wood or clearing', or 'Hana's wood or clearing'. Alternatively, the first element could be derived from the Old English hān meaning 'stone', specifically a whetstone.

River Holme
The Holme of the Holme Valley, West Yorkshire, England is a tributary of the River Colne, West Yorkshire.  The source is via Digley Reservoir, fed firstly by the run-off from Brownhill Reservoir, then by Dobbs Dike. Banks along the upper valley are mostly urbanised and are in the Holme Valley civil parish.
Hong Kong Garrison
The People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison is a garrison of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), responsible for defence duties in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR).

Prior to the handover in 1997, the territory was under British rule, and the defence of the territory was the responsibility of the British Forces Overseas Hong Kong, with auxiliary help from the Royal Hong Kong Regiment. After the handover of Hong Kong in July 1997, China stationed a PLA garrison to manage the defence affairs of the territory.

The garrison is headquartered in Chinese People's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building in Central, Hong Kong. The size of the Hong Kong garrison is approximately 10,000–12,000 personnel, including members of the People's Armed Police, People's Liberation Army Navy, People's Liberation Army Air Force, and People's Liberation Army Ground Force.

Southern Theater Command
The Southern Theater Command (Chinese: 南部战区; pinyin: Nánbù zhànqū) is one of the five theater commands of the People's Liberation Army. Founded on 1 February 2016, its predecessor was the Guangzhou Military Region. Its jurisdiction includes Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Hainan and the South Sea Fleet, as well as the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Ytre Rendal Municipality
Ytre Rendal is a former municipality in the old Hedmark county, Norway. The 1,350-square-kilometre (520 sq mi) municipality existed from 1880 until its dissolution in 1965. The area is now part of Rendalen Municipality in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre was the village of Otnes where Ytre Rendal Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1965, the 1,350-square-kilometre (520 sq mi) municipality was the 16th largest by area out of the 525 municipalities in Norway. Ytre Rendal Municipality was the 403rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,925. The municipality's population density was 1.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.6/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 6.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Otnes
Otnes is a village in Rendalen Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the lake Lomnessjøen, about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) north of the village of Åkre. The village of Bergset (the municipal centre) lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the north of Otnes.

The 0.49-square-kilometre (120-acre) village has a population (2024) of 270 and a population density of 551 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,430/sq mi).

Otnes has one church in the village, Ytre Rendal Church. The tiny village contains a Gas station, Grocery store, small Bank inside the grocery store, library, and a Doctor's office.
Manasquan High School
Manasquan High School is a four-year comprehensive community public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grade from Manasquan, in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone high school of the Manasquan Public Schools. In addition to students from Manasquan, the high school also serves students from Avon-by-the-Sea, Belmar, Brielle, Lake Como, Sea Girt, Spring Lake and Spring Lake Heights, who attend Manasquan High School as part of sending/receiving relationships with their respective districts.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 945 students and 81.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.6:1. There were 84 students (8.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 13 (1.4% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Spring Lake, New Jersey
Spring Lake, is a borough situated on the Jersey Shore in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 2,789, a decrease of 204 (−6.8%) from the 2010 census count of 2,993, which in turn reflected a decline of 574 (−16.1%) from the 3,567 counted in the 2000 census.

New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Spring Lake as the 240th best place to live in New Jersey in its 2010 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.

In 2012, Forbes.com listed Spring Lake as 187th in its listing of "America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes", with a median home price of $1,190,586.
Advanced learner's dictionary
The advanced learner's dictionary is the most common type of monolingual learner's dictionary, that is, a dictionary written in one language only, for someone who is learning a foreign language. It differs from a bilingual or translation dictionary, a standard dictionary written for native speakers, or a children's dictionary.  Its definitions are usually built on a restricted defining vocabulary. "Advanced" usually refers learners with a proficiency level of B2 or above according to the Common European Framework. Basic learner's dictionaries also exist.

Although these advanced dictionaries have been produced for learners of several languages (including Chinese, Dutch, German, and Spanish), the majority are written for learners of English

Monolingual learner's dictionary
A monolingual learner's dictionary (MLD) is designed to meet the reference needs of people learning a foreign language. MLDs are based on the premise that language-learners should progress from a bilingual dictionary to a monolingual one as they become more proficient in their target language, but that general-purpose dictionaries (aimed at native speakers) are inappropriate for their needs. Dictionaries for learners include information on grammar, usage, common errors, collocation, and pragmatics, which is largely missing from standard dictionaries, because native speakers tend to know these aspects of language intuitively. And while the definitions in standard dictionaries are often written in difficult language, those in an MLD use a simple and accessible defining vocabulary.
Ford, West Sussex
Ford  is a village and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. It is centred 2 miles (3 km) south by south-west of Arundel and west of Worthing. The civil parish very gently slopes to the east, where it has the public track alongside the River Arun and the land is low but well-drained at 2 to 7 metres above Ordnance Datum (sea level).

The parish includes HM Prison Ford, otherwise known as Ford Open Prison centred on the site of two former government installations, the RAF Ford Battle of Britain airfield and the Royal Naval Air Station HMS Peregrine.  These have a small commemorative garden, Rollaston Park, along the road of the same name.

Ford railway station is on the West Coastway Line which has the listed building and pub next to it on semi-rural Arundel Road.  Some larger units of Rudford Industrial estate are in the south of the parish.

Arun District
Arun is a local government district in West Sussex, England. Its council is based in Littlehampton. The district's other towns are Arundel and Bognor Regis. The district is named after the River Arun, which runs through the centre of the district. Parts of the district fall within the South Downs National Park.

The district is on the coast, facing the English Channel. The neighbouring districts are Chichester, Horsham, Adur and Worthing.
Laughton en le Morthen
Laughton en le Morthen /ˈlɔːtən ɒn lə ˈmɔːrðən/ is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham lying to the south of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England, and its main attraction is All Saints’ Church with its tower and spire of 185 feet. The village had a population of 1,241 at the 2011 Census. The parish also includes the hamlets of Carr, Slade Hooton and Brookhouse, South Yorkshire.

Brookhouse, South Yorkshire
Brookhouse is a hamlet in the civil parish of Laughton en le Morthen, in the Rotherham district lying to the south-east of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England.

The hamlet of Slade Hooton is situated directly east of Brookhouse. Brookhouse Colliery, located south-west, near Swallownest was named for the hamlet.
Isaac the Armenian
Isaac the Armenian (Latin: Isachius Armenus; Ancient Greek: Ισαάκ, romanized: Isaák) was an exarch of Ravenna hailing from the Kamsarakan clan. The chronology of the Exarchate in this period is uncertain: either he succeeded Euselnus and served c. 625 – 643; or he succeeded Eleutherius, and served 620 – 637.

Kamsarakan
The House of Kamsarakan (Armenian: Կամսարական) was an Armenian noble family that was an offshoot of the House of Karen, also known as the Karen-Pahlav. The Karens were one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran and were of Parthian origin.

In the Byzantine-Sasanian era, the Kamsarakan were mostly known for following a pro-Byzantine policy. In the late 8th century, they met their downfall as a result of participating in an uprising against Arab rule.

After the 8th century, a branch of the Kamsarakan, the Pahlavuni, rose to prominence. According to Cyril Toumanoff the Pahlavunis in turn had two branches: the Mkhargrdzeli, associated with the Kingdom of Georgia; and the Hethumids, associated with the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
Aerospace Operational Support Group RAAF
The Aerospace Operational Support Group was a support group of the Australian Defence Force based at RAAF Base Edinburgh. It was disbanded in 2016, and reformed as the Air Warfare Centre.

AOSG provided integrated, deployable operational support to Air Force, Army Aviation and some Navy combat elements to ensure platform and crew survivability, battle worthiness and mission effectiveness. AOSG delivered information, protection, confidence and assurance to ADF aviation and EW capable Navy platforms and crew from acquisition, through transition into service and full operational capability with the operating Wing or unit.

Air Warfare Centre RAAF
The Air Warfare Centre (AWC) is a Force Element Group of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) based at RAAF Base Edinburgh. It was formerly titled the Aerospace Operational Support Group (AOSG) and was reformed into the AWC in 2016.

The role of the AWC is similar to the AOSG and whilst it still conducts research and development on defence systems such as aircraft and weapons at the Woomera Test Range (WTR), it has expanded its role to address opportunities to improve Air Force's ability to maximise the operational effectiveness of fifth-generation, networked capabilities through improved integration across Defence and increased knowledge sharing with allied AWCs.
Xialuhe Korean Ethnic Township
Xialuhe Korean Ethnic Township (simplified Chinese: 下露河朝鲜族乡; traditional Chinese: 下露河朝鮮族鄉; pinyin: Xiàlùhé Cháoxiǎnzú Xiāng), also known as Haroha Korean Ethnic Township (Korean: 하로하조선족향; Hanja: 下露河朝鮮族鄕; RR: Haroha Joseonjok Hyang; MR: Haroha Chosŏnjok Hyang), is an ethnic township in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China. Located 63.8 kilometres (39.6 mi) east of the county center, the township spans an area of 269.84 square kilometres (104.19 sq mi), and is home to 10,887 people as of 2018.

Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County
Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 宽甸满族自治县; traditional Chinese: 寬甸滿族自治縣; pinyin: Kuāndiàn Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn; Manchu: ᡴᡠᠸᠠᠨᡩᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᠰᡳᠶᠠᠨ; Möllendorff: kuwandiyan manju beye dasangga siyan), is a county of eastern Liaoning province, China, bordering North Korea to the southeast and Jilin in the northeast. It is under the administration of Dandong City, the centre of which lies 75 kilometres (47 mi) to the southwest, and is served by China National Highway 201. In Kuandian is the Hushan Great Wall, the most easterly section of the Great Wall of China. A short reconstruction of the wall is open to tourists. The area has an abandoned airstrip that was used by the Chinese airforce during the Korean War.

As of 2009, the county's population was 434,900 people.
Alkoxy group
In chemistry, the alkoxy group is an alkyl group which is singularly bonded to oxygen; thus R−O. Denoted usually with apostrophe('). The range of alkoxy groups is vast, the simplest being methoxy (CH3O−). An ethoxy group (CH3CH2O−) is found in the organic compound ethyl phenyl ether (C6H5OCH2CH3, also known as ethoxybenzene).

Related to alkoxy groups are aryloxy groups, which have an aryl group singularly bonded to oxygen such as the phenoxy group (C6H5O−).

An alkoxy or aryloxy group bonded to an alkyl or aryl (R−O−R') is an ether. If bonded to H it is an alcohol.

The term alkoxide refers to the anionic conjugate bases of alcohols (RO−) or to ionic compounds containing such an anion.  Alkoxide compounds are derivatives of alcohols where the hydrogen of the –OH group is replaced by a metal; for example, the sodium salt of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is sodium ethoxide, containing ethoxide anions CH3CH2O− and sodium cations Na+.

Methoxy group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH3.

On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the meta position. At the ortho position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the para position.
Nero (2004 film)
Nero is an Italian-British-Spanish television TV series, part of the Imperium series; it was made available on DVD as of November 2005 in the U.S. and Canada. Produced by EOS Entertainment and Lux Vide for RAI and Telecinco.

Claudia Acte
Claudia Acte (Greek: Κλαυδία Ακτή) a freedwoman of ancient Rome who became a mistress of the emperor Nero. She came from Asia Minor and might have become a slave of the Emperor Claudius, following his expansion of the Roman Empire into Lycia and Pamphylia; or she might have been purchased later, by Octavia, Claudius' daughter.
R. G. Collingwood
Robin George Collingwood FBA (/ˈkɒlɪŋwʊd/; 22 February 1889 – 9 January 1943) was an English philosopher, historian and archaeologist. He is best known for his philosophical works, including The Principles of Art (1938) and the posthumously published The Idea of History (1946).

Nowell Myres
John Nowell Linton Myres FBA FSA CBE (27 December 1902 – 25 September 1989) was a British archaeologist and Bodley's Librarian at the Bodleian Library in Oxford from 1948 until his resignation in 1965; and librarian of Christ Church before his Bodleian appointment.
Pipe marking
In the process industry, chemical industry, manufacturing industry, and other commercial and industrial contexts, pipe marking is used to identify the contents, properties and flow direction of fluids in piping. It is typically carried out by marking piping through labels and color codes. Pipe marking helps personnel and fire response teams identify the correct pipes for operational, maintenance or emergency response purposes.

Color code
A color code is a system for encoding and representing non-color information with colors to facilitate communication. This information tends to be categorical (representing unordered/qualitative categories) though may also be sequential (representing an ordered/quantitative variable).
Sakon Nakhon province
Sakon Nakhon (Thai: สกลนคร, pronounced [sā.kōn ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn]; Northeastern Thai: สกลนคร, pronounced [sā.kōn nà(ʔ).kʰɔ̂ːn]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper Northeastern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nong Khai, Bueng Kan, Nakhon Phanom, Mukdahan, Kalasin, and Udon Thani. Its capital is Sakon Nakhon.

Mukdahan province
Mukdahan (Thai: มุกดาหาร [múk̚dāːhǎːn]; Isan: มุกดาหาร [mùk̚dàːhǎːn]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) and lies in upper northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Amnat Charoen, Yasothon, Roi Et, Kalasin, Sakon Nakhon, and Nakhon Phanom. To the east it borders the Mekong River, across which lies Savannakhet province of Laos to which it is joined by the Second Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge.
Train 48
Train 48 was a Canadian improvised soap opera, broadcast on Global Television Network and CH from 2003 until 2005. The series was based on the format of an Australian television program called Going Home.

Going Home (TV series)
Going Home was a drama television series produced by the SBS network in Australia that aired from 2000 to 2001.

Scripted, filmed, edited and broadcast on the same day, Going Home was set in a nightly inter-urban commuter train. A group of regular train travelers are featured on their daily commute in a blend of up-to-the-minute commentary on the news and events of the day, together with the unfolding dramas in their lives. Viewer feedback was encouraged, including plot and character suggestions that were regularly incorporated into subsequent episodes.

The concept has been used later in other countries: in Canada (Train 48), in France (Le train, "The Train") and in Italy (Andata e Ritorno, "Round Trip").
Tugarinovite
Tugarinovite is a rare molybdenum oxide mineral with formula MoO2.
It occurs as a primary mineral phase associated with metasomatism in a sulfur deficient reducing environment.  In the type locality it occurs with uraninite, molybdenite, galena, zircon and wulfenite.

Tugarinovite was first described for an occurrence in the Lenskoye molybdenum–uranium deposit in the Amurskaya Oblast, Far-Eastern Region, Russia.  It was named for geochemist Ivan Alekseevich Tugarinov of the Vernadskii Institute in Moscow.
In addition to its type locality in Russia it has been reported from the Allende meteorite in Chihuahua, Mexico, the Nansei Archipelago of Japan and Bohemia in the Czech Republic.

Oxide mineral
The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. Minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately.
Stephen F. Austin Ladyjacks softball
The Stephen F. Austin Jacks softball team represents the Stephen F. Austin State University, located in Nacogdoches, Texas. The Jacks (short for the more common women's team nickname of Ladyjacks), which participate in NCAA Division I college softball, were members of the Western Athletic Conference through the 2024 season, after which they will return to the Southland Conference after a three-season absence. The team is currently led by head coach Jeff Jackson and plays home games at SFA Softball Field.

SFA Softball Field
SFA Softball Field is the home stadium for the Division I (NCAA) Stephen F. Austin Ladyjacks softball team. The stadium is located next to Jaycees Field, home of the Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks baseball team, in Nacogdoches, Texas. The stadium has seating for 750 fans. Stephen F. Austin State University has a nineteen (19) year exclusive use lease on the stadium with the City of Nacogdoches, Texas starting in 2010. The university made several improvements to the preexisting city softball field including a new playing surface, a warning track, a Daktronics electronic scoreboard, new dugouts, windscreens, a new grandstand, an expanded press box, and bullpens.

The initial home game as the Ladyjacks's official home field was played on February 17, 2010, against the North Texas Mean Green softball team.

The stadium was the home of 2013 Southland Conference softball tournament.
Cygnus OB9
Cygnus OB9 is an OB association in Cygnus. It is near to the Cygnus OB2 association. The region is embedded within a wider one of star formation known as Cygnus X, which is one of the most luminous objects in the sky at radio wavelengths. The region is approximately 5,000 light years from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus.

Although Cygnus OB9 has many O and B type stars, Cygnus OB9 is also hidden behind a massive dust cloud known as the Cygnus Rift like Cygnus OB2.

OB association
An OB association is a loosely organized, gravitationally unbound group of young, massive, main sequence stars primarily of spectral types O and B, characterized by their high temperatures, blue color, luminous, and massive stars with masses between 10 and 90 times that of the Sun. Sometimes these late O and Early B stars are referred as OB stars. These associations typically contain 10 to 100 (or more) massive stars alongside numerous lower-mass stars, all sharing common motion vectors, ages, and chemical compositions, indicating a shared origin. Unlike denser star clusters, OB associations lack sufficient gravitational binding and can disperse over millions of years.
Ditchmore Lane
Ditchmore Lane is a cricket ground in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, England.  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1921, when Hertfordshire played their first Minor Counties Championship match which was against Buckinghamshire.  From 1921 to 2000, the ground played host to 41 Minor Counties Championship matches  and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.

The ground hosted a single List-A match in the 1969 Gillette Cup between Hertfordshire and Devon.

In local domestic cricket, Digswell Park is the home ground of Stevenage Cricket Club who play in Division 2A of the Saracens Hertfordshire Premier Cricket League as of 2023.  The cricket club has existed since 1878 and is the oldest sports club in Stevenage.

Stevenage
Stevenage (/ˈstiːvənɪdʒ/ STEE-vən-ij) is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, about 28 miles (45 km) north of London. Stevenage is east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), between Letchworth Garden City to the north and Welwyn Garden City to the south. In 1946, Stevenage was designated the United Kingdom's first New Town under the New Towns Act. In 2021 it had a population of 94,456.