hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bolton Artillery
The Bolton Artillery, under various titles, has been a Volunteer unit of the British Army based in Bolton, Lancashire, since 1889. In the First World War it served in Egypt and Gallipoli in 1915–17, and then on the Western Front for the rest of the war, including Passchendaele, the German Spring Offensive and the Allied Hundred Days Offensive. Just before the outbreak of the Second World War the regiment formed a duplicate unit. The parent regiment served in the Battle of France and was evacuated from Dunkirk. Both regiments served at the Battle of Alamein and in the Italian campaign, while one of the regiments was involved in the intervention in Yugoslavia. The regiment was reformed postwar, and after a number of mergers its successors continue to serve in today's Army Reserve.

4th North Midland Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
The 4th North Midland Brigade, sometimes known as the 'Derbyshire Howitzers', was a part-time unit of Britain's Royal Field Artillery created in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force. It served on the Western Front in the First World War. Reorganised between the wars, it was later converted to the anti-aircraft (AA) role. During the Second World War, part of the regiment served in the Siege of Malta but the rest was captured at the Fall of Tobruk. The reconstituted regiment served on in Anti-Aircraft Command until 1955 and as a unit of the Royal Engineers until 1967.
Nynorsk
Nynorsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnŷːnɔʂk] ⓘ; lit. 'Modern Norwegian'  or 'New Norwegian')  is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsmål), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsmål, whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish.

Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form.

Eastern Norway
Eastern Norway (Bokmål: Østlandet, Nynorsk: Austlandet) is the geographical region of the south-eastern part of Norway. It consists of the counties Oslo, Akershus, Vestfold, Østfold, Buskerud, Telemark, and Innlandet.

Eastern Norway is by far the most populous region of Norway. It contains the country's capital, Oslo, which is Norway's most populous city.

In Norwegian, the region is called Østlandet and Austlandet (lit. 'The east land') in contrast to Vestlandet (lit. 'The west land').
Nikola Spanić
Nikola Spanić (Latinized as Nicolaus Spanich; 1633–1707) was a Roman Catholic prelate and nobleman of Korčula (an island in modern Croatia). A descendant of the Albanian Spani family of Drisht, he served as the island's bishop from 1673 to 1707. After an earthquake in 1667 he restored a church dedicated to St. Anthony near the main town of the island.

Spani family
The Spani family was a noble Albanian family that emerged in the 14th century. They owned large estates in and around the fortified town of Drivasto and in neighbouring Scutari. During the late 15th century, a faction of the family settled in Venetian territories, primarily Venice itself and Dalmatia.
3rd Baltic Front
The 3rd Baltic Front (Russian: 3-й Прибалтийский фронт) was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War. It was set up on 21 April 1944 and disbanded on 16 October that year after a series of campaigns in the Baltic states that culminated with the capture of Riga October 13–15, 1944. During 179 days of existence, the 3rd Baltic Front suffered 43,155 killed and missing in action as well as 153,876 wounded, sick, and frostbitten personnel. The sole commander of the 3rd Baltic Front was Ivan Maslennikov.

The headquarters of the 3rd Baltic Front was formed from that of the disbanded 20th Army, and the field armies subordinated to the front were taken from the left (south) wing of the Leningrad Front. Operations that the 3rd Baltic Front took part in include the Pskov-Ostrov Operation and the Tartu Operation. Upon the capture of Riga, the Soviet high command disbanded the 3rd Baltic Front as a headquarters and reassigned its component armies.

Front (military formation)
A front (Russian: фронт, romanized: front) is a type of military formation that originates in the Russian Empire, and has been used by the Polish Army, the Red Army, the Soviet Army, and Turkey. It is roughly equivalent to an army group in the military of most other countries. It varies in size but in general contains three to five armies. It should not be confused with the more general usage of military front, describing a geographic area in wartime.
Hesket, Cumbria
Hesket (also Hesket-in-the-Forest) is a large civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness unitary district of Cumbria, England, on the main A6 between Carlisle and Penrith. Hesket is part of the historic royal hunting ground of Inglewood Forest. Settlement in the parish dates back to the Roman occupation.

Low Hesket
Low Hesket is a village in the English county of Cumbria but was traditionally in the historic county of Cumberland.

Low Hesket is on the A6 road 8+1⁄2 miles (13.7 km) south of Carlisle. This is a former Roman road, and a milestone from that era has been discovered there inscribed IMP C FL VAL CONSTANTINO P F INV AVG, which expands to Imperator Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantinus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus, dating it from the time of emperor Constantine I, who ruled from 307 to 337.
ISO 639:y
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with Y.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:q
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with Q.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
Eiji Kidoguchi
Eiji Kidoguchi is a Japanese politician who is a member of the House of Councillors of Japan, serving for the Iwate at-large district as a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan. Kidoguchi was first elected in 2016, but lost the seat in 2022. Kidoguchi won the seat back in by-election in 2024 after the resignation of the incumbent, Megumi Hirose.

Megumi Hirose
Megumi Hirose (広瀬 めぐみ, Hirose Megumi; born June 27, 1966) is a Japanese politician and lawyer who served in the House of Councillors for Iwate Prefecture from 2022 to 2024. She is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. She is the first LDP member to represent Iwate as a councilor since Motoo Shiina left the party in 1993.
Taipei Metro
Taipei Metro (also known as Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and branded as Metro Taipei) is a rapid transit system operated by the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation serving the capital Taipei and New Taipei City in Taiwan.

It was the first rapid transit system to be built on the island. The initial network was approved for construction in 1986, and work began two years later. It began operations on 28 March 1996, and by 2000, 62 stations were in service across three main lines.

Over the next nine years, the number of passengers had increased by 70%. Since 2008, the network has expanded to 131 stations and the passenger count has grown by another 96%. The system has been praised by locals for its effectiveness in relieving growing traffic congestion in Taipei and its surrounding satellite towns, with over two million trips made daily.

Zhongshan metro station
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山, formerly transliterated as Chungshan Station until 2003) is a metro station in Taipei, Taiwan, served by Taipei Metro. It is a transfer station between the Tamsui–Xinyi and Songshan–Xindian lines. It is located in the middle of the underground Zhongshan Metro Mall and near the Shin Kong Mitsukoshi Department Store. Zhongshan is a popular shopping district for young people and international tourists.
Association of Black Women Historians
The Association of Black Women Historians (ABWH) is a non-profit professional association based in Washington, D.C., in the United States. The organization was developed in 1977 and formally founded in 1979.

Rosalyn Terborg-Penn
Rosalyn Terborg-Penn (October 22, 1941 – December 25, 2018) was an American professor of history and author. Terborg-Penn specialized in African-American history and black women's history. Her book African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850–1920 was a ground-breaking work that recovered the histories of black women in the women's suffrage movement in the United States. She was a faculty member of Morgan State University.
Bjørnevatn
Bjørnevatn (Norwegian), Kuõbǯǯjäuʹrr (Skolt Sami), Guovžajávri (Northern Sami), or Kruuvakylä (Kven) is a village in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The village lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the town of Kirkenes and about 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) west of the Norway-Russia border. The village has a couple of suburbs including Hesseng to the north and Sandnes to the west. The Bjørnevatn IL is the local sports team. The name Bjørnevatn translates to "Bear Lake" in English.

The 1.99-square-kilometre (490-acre) village has a population (2023) of 2,536 and a population density of 1,274 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,300/sq mi).

Bjørnevatn IL
Bjørnevatn Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from Bjørnevatn, Finnmark. It has sections for association football and Nordic skiing.

The men's football team currently plays in the Fourth Division, having had a run from 2008 to 2010 and another single season in 2014. Before 2008 they had been absent since 1998.
Eney
Eney (Ukrainian: Еней) was a Ukrainian rock (big-beat) band active in 1968–1977. Named after the famous character, Aeneas, from one of the literary works of Ivan Kotlyarevsky, Eney was the first Ukrainian band to perform its own repertoire.

Rock music in Ukraine
Ukrainian rock (Ukrainian: Український рок, romanized: Ukrayinsʹkyy rok) is rock music from Ukraine.

Ukrainian contemporary music, including rock, emerged from the VIA music scene of the 1970s and 1980s. This controlled form of music, was a response to the Rock and roll infiltrating from the outside of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. An important role in the popularization of rock music in Ukraine was played by the Chervona Ruta music festival.

The most popular modern Ukrainian bands include BoomBox, Braty Hadiukiny, Druha Rika, Haydamaky, Komu Vnyz, Lama, Mad Heads XL, Mandry, Mertvyi Piven, Okean Elzy, Plach Yeremiyi, S.K.A.Y., Taras Petrynenko, Tartak, TNMK, Viy, Vopli Vidoplyasova and others. Famous Ukrainian heavy metal bands include Fleshgore, Firelake, Nokturnal Mortum, Astrofaes, Drudkh, and Hate Forest. Metal Heads Mission is the biggest metal festival in Ukraine and ex-USSR countries.
Let Me Know (Róisín Murphy song)
"Let Me Know" is a song by Irish singer Róisín Murphy from her second studio album, Overpowered (2007). The song was written and produced by Murphy and Andy Cato. It was released on 8 October 2007 as the album's second single. "Let Me Know" reached number 28 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Murphy's highest-peaking solo single to date.

Overpowered
Overpowered is the second solo studio album by Irish singer and songwriter Róisín Murphy. It was released on 15 October 2007 by EMI Records. Receiving widespread critical acclaim, the album was more commercially successful than its predecessor, Ruby Blue (2005), debuting at number 20 on the UK Albums Chart with 9,656 copies sold in its first week. Overpowered was shortlisted for the 2007 Choice Music Prize in Murphy's native Ireland. As of May 2015, the album had sold 65,532 copies in the United Kingdom.
Appiani family
The Appiani family (also Appiano or d'Appiano) was an Italian noble family, originally from Al Piano or Appiano, a now disappeared toponym identified with the modern La Pieve in the comune of Ponsacco, Tuscany. They held the principality of Piombino from the early 15th century until 1628.

Principality of Piombino
The Lordship of Piombino (Signoria di Piombino), and after 1594 the Principality of Piombino (Principato di Piombino), was a small state on the Italian peninsula centered on the town of Piombino and including part of the island of Elba. A vassal of the Kingdom of Naples associated with the State of the Presidios and a territory of the Holy Roman Empire formed from the remnants of the Republic of Pisa, it existed from 1399 to 1805, when it was merged into the Principality of Lucca and Piombino. In 1815 it was absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Carbondale, Colorado
The Town of Carbondale is a home rule municipality located in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 6,434 at the 2020 United States census. Carbondale is a part of the Rifle, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town is located in the Roaring Fork Valley, downstream from Aspen and upstream from the mouth of the Roaring Fork River at Glenwood Springs. The town proper sits on the south bank of the river, near its confluence with the Crystal River. Carbondale's horizon is dominated by the 12,953 ft (3,952 m) tall Mount Sopris several miles to the south of town. Carbondale is the northern terminus of the West Elk Loop Scenic and Historic Byway.

Glenwood Springs, Colorado
Glenwood Springs is a home rule municipality in and the county seat of Garfield County, Colorado, United States. According to the 2020 United States census, the city has a population of 9,963. It is located at the confluence of the Roaring Fork River and the Colorado River, connecting the Roaring Fork Valley and a series of smaller towns on the Colorado River.

Glenwood Springs is known for its hot springs.
Nazi book burnings
The Nazi book burnings were a campaign conducted by the German Student Union (German: Deutsche Studentenschaft, DSt) to ceremonially burn books in Nazi Germany and Austria in the 1930s. The books targeted for burning were those viewed as being subversive or as representing ideologies opposed to Nazism. These included books written by Jewish, half-Jewish, communist, socialist, anarchist, liberal, pacifist, and sexologist authors among others. The initial books burned were those of Karl Marx and Karl Kautsky, but came to include other authors, including Albert Einstein, Helen Keller, Magnus Hirschfeld, and effectively any book incompatible with Nazi ideology. In a campaign of cultural genocide, books were also burned en masse by the Nazis in occupied territories, such as in Poland.

Erich Kästner
Emil Erich Kästner (German: [ˈeːʁɪç ˈkɛstnɐ] ⓘ; 23 February 1899 – 29 July 1974) was a German writer, poet, screenwriter and satirist, known primarily for his humorous, socially astute poems and for children's books including Emil and the Detectives and Lisa and Lottie. He received the international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1960 for his autobiography When I Was a Little Boy. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in eight separate years.
Bean-nighe
The bean-nighe (Scottish Gaelic for 'washerwoman' or 'laundress'; Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [pɛˈɲi.ə]) is a female spirit in Scottish folklore, regarded as an omen of death and a messenger from the Otherworld.  She is a type of ban-sìth (Irish: bean sídhe, anglicized as "banshee") that haunts desolate streams and washes the clothing of those who are about to die. Les Lavandières is the French word under which these "night washerwomen" are perhaps best known. She is also called nigheag, 'the little washer', nigheag na h-ath, 'little washer of the ford', or nigheag bheag a bhroin, 'little washer of the sorrow'.

Scottish folklore
Scottish folklore (Scottish Gaelic: Beul-aithris na h-Alba) encompasses the folklore of the Scottish people from their earliest records until today. Folklorists, both academic and amateur, have published a variety of works focused specifically on the area over the years. Some creatures of Scottish folklore are Loch Ness Monster, brownies, bogles, kelpies, selkies, the wulver, the bean-nighe, and the blue men of the Minch.
Administrative divisions of South Korea
South Korea is made up of 17 first-tier administrative divisions: 6 metropolitan cities (gwangyeoksi 광역시/廣域市), 1 special city (teukbyeolsi 특별시/特別市), 1 special self-governing city (teukbyeol-jachisi 특별자치시/特別自治市), and 9 provinces (do 도/道), including three special self-governing provinces (teukbyeol jachido 특별자치도/特別自治道) and six claimed by the ROK government. These are further subdivided into a variety of smaller entities, including cities (si 시/市), counties (gun 군/郡), districts (gu 구/區), towns (eup 읍/邑), townships (myeon 면/面), neighborhoods (dong 동/洞) and villages (ri 리/里).

Myeon (administrative division)
A myeon, myŏn, myon, or township (Korean: 면) is an administrative unit in South Korea similar to the unit of town.

Along with town, township is of a county and some cities of fewer than 500,000 population. Myeon have smaller populations than towns and represent the rural areas of a county or city. Townships are subdivided into villages. The minimum population limit is 6,000.
Wolfgang Tillmans
Wolfgang Tillmans (born 16 August 1968) is a German fine-art photographer. His diverse body of work is distinguished by observation of his surroundings and an ongoing investigation of the photographic medium's foundations.

Tillmans was the first photographer, and first non-British person, to be awarded the Turner Prize. He has been the subject of large-scale retrospectives at the Museum of Modern Art, Tate Modern and Moderna Museet. In 2023, Tillmans was named one of the most influential people in the world by Time. He lives in Berlin and London.

Alexandra Bircken
Alexandra Bircken (1967) is a German artist based in Berlin and Munich. Bircken creates assemblages featuring everyday ephemera like wood, knitted fragments and twigs. Her work has strong references to traditional craft practices and to the natural world, from which she sources her materials.
Demetrius of Thessaloniki
Saint Demetrius (or Demetrios) of Thessalonica (Greek: Ἅγιος Δημήτριος τῆς Θεσσαλονίκης, Hágios Dēmḗtrios tēs Thessaloníkēs), also known as the Holy Great-Martyr Demetrius the Myroblyte (meaning 'the Myrrh-Gusher' or 'Myrrh-Streamer'; 3rd century – 306), was a Greek Christian martyr of the early 4th century AD.

During the Middle Ages, he came to be revered as one of the most important Orthodox military saints, often paired with Saint George of Lydda.

In the Roman Catholic Church he is most commonly called Demetrius of Sirmium and his memorial is 9 April in the 2004 Roman Martyrology and 8 October in the martyrology of the Extraordinary Form. It is debated whether Demetrius of Thessalonica and Demetrius of Sirmium are the same person.

Demetrius of Sirmium
Saint Demetrius of Sirmium (around 270, Sirmium, Roman Empire–9 April 304 Sirmium, Roman Empire) was a Roman deacon and martyr of the early 4th century.

He is often confused with the Greek saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki who lived in the same period.
Dell XPS
XPS ("Extreme Performance System") is a line of consumer-oriented high-end laptop and desktop computers manufactured by Dell since 1993, formerly part of Dimension, and since 2008 as a standalone brand.

Sound Blaster Audigy
Sound Blaster Audigy is a product line of sound cards from Creative Technology. The flagship model of the Audigy family used the EMU10K2 audio DSP, an improved version of the SB-Live's EMU10K1, while the value/SE editions were built with a less-expensive audio controller.

The Audigy family is available for PCs with a PCI or PCI Express slot, or a USB port.
Hyperbolic set
In dynamical systems theory, a subset Λ of a smooth manifold M is said to have a hyperbolic structure with respect to a smooth map f if its tangent bundle may be split into two invariant subbundles, one of which is contracting and the other is expanding under f, with respect to some Riemannian metric on M. An analogous definition applies to the case of flows.

In the special case when the entire manifold M is hyperbolic, the map f is called an Anosov diffeomorphism. The dynamics of f on a hyperbolic set, or hyperbolic dynamics, exhibits features of local structural stability and has been much studied, cf. Axiom A.

Anosov diffeomorphism
In mathematics, more particularly in the fields of dynamical systems and geometric topology, an Anosov map on a manifold M is a certain type of mapping, from M to itself, with rather clearly marked local directions of "expansion" and "contraction". Anosov systems are a special case of Axiom A systems.

Anosov diffeomorphisms were introduced by Dmitri Victorovich Anosov, who proved that their behaviour was in an appropriate sense generic (when they exist at all).
Cricklewood Studios
Cricklewood Studios, also known as the Stoll Film Studios, were British film studios located in Cricklewood, London which operated from 1920 to 1938. Run by Sir Oswald Stoll as the principal base for his newly formed Stoll Pictures, which also operated Surbiton Studios, the studio was the largest in the British Isles at that time. It was later used for the production of "quota quickies" (to meet the requirements of the Cinematograph Films Act 1927). In 1938, the studios were sold off for non-film use.

Surbiton Studios
Surbiton Studios was a British film studio located in Surbiton, then on the outskirts of London. The studio was one of several that opened during the boom in British production following the First World War. It was opened in 1918 (1918) and its first film was released in January 1919. Its owners were Stoll Pictures which became one of the largest British film companies of the early 1920s.

Because Surbiton's single-stage studio was considered too small for the company's ambitions, Stoll moved most of its production to the much-larger Cricklewood Studios and rented Surbiton out to independent producers. Stoll films continued to be made there occasionally until 1923 when the studio was sold to British Instructional Films (BIF). The following year Stoll took over BIF, and Surbiton came back under its control. BIF eventually moved its production to the more modern Welwyn Studios, and Surbiton closed.
Jan Cousteau
Janice Cousteau (née Sullivan; 5 April 1939) is the widow of undersea explorer Philippe Cousteau and joined the Cousteau team on 20 expeditions over 12 years.

She and Philippe married in Paris. They had two children, Alexandra Cousteau and Philippe Cousteau Jr., born six months after his father's accidental death.

As of 2007, she served on the board of directors of the Washington Humane Society and is a co-founder, with her children, of EarthEcho International. She has also served on the board of directors for Alliance française.

She still takes part in occasional expeditions.

Alexandra Cousteau
Alexandra Marguerite Clémentine Cousteau (born March 21, 1976) is a filmmaker, sustainability keynote speaker and an environmental activist. Cousteau continues the work of her grandfather Jacques-Yves Cousteau and father Philippe Cousteau. Cousteau advocates the importance of conservation, restoration and sustainable management of ocean and water resources for a healthy planet and productive societies.