hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edmonds matrix
In graph theory, the Edmonds matrix  of a balanced bipartite graph  with sets of vertices  and  is defined by

where the xij are indeterminates.  One application of the Edmonds matrix of a bipartite graph is that the graph admits a perfect matching if and only if the polynomial det(A) in the xij is not identically zero. Furthermore, the number of perfect matchings is equal to the number of monomials in the polynomial det(A), and is also equal to the permanent of . In addition, the rank of  is equal to the maximum matching size of .

The Edmonds matrix is named after Jack Edmonds. The Tutte matrix is a generalisation to non-bipartite graphs.

Tutte matrix
In graph theory, the Tutte matrix A of a graph G = (V, E) is a matrix used to determine the existence of a perfect matching: that is, a set of edges which is incident with each vertex exactly once.

If the set of vertices is  then the Tutte matrix is an n-by-n skew-symmetric matrix A with entries

where the xij are indeterminates.  The determinant of this matrix is then a polynomial (in the variables xij, i < j ): this coincides with the square of the Pfaffian of the matrix A and is non-zero (as a polynomial) if and only if a perfect matching exists.  (This polynomial is not the Tutte polynomial of G.)

The Tutte matrix is named after W. T. Tutte, and is a generalisation of the Edmonds matrix for a balanced bipartite graph.
Trolley buses in Vancouver
The Vancouver trolley bus system forms part of the TransLink public transport network serving Metro Vancouver in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Opened in 1948, the system was originally owned and operated by the British Columbia Electric Railway. By 1954, Vancouver had the largest trolley bus fleet in Canada, with 327 units, and the fleet grew to an all-time peak of 352 in early 1957.: 20  There were 19 routes by 1955 and a peak of 20 by the second quarter of 1957. The last route to open in the 1950s was the only express trolley bus service that ever existed in Canada.: 22 : 202  Several, mostly short, extensions to the system were constructed in the 1980s and later.

The trolley bus system presently comprises 13 routes and is managed by the Coast Mountain Bus Company, a subsidiary of TransLink. It uses a fleet of 262 trolley buses, of which 74 are articulated vehicles. It has the second-largest trolley bus fleet in Canada and the U.S.

UBC Exchange
UBC Exchange (formerly known as UBC Loop) is a major public transit exchange point in the University Endowment Lands adjacent to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The first major bus loop located at the University of British Columbia (UBC) opened in September 1945 to serve students, staff, and faculty.
Perth Pelicans
The Perth Pelicans are an Australian junior ice hockey team based in Perth, Western Australia playing in the Australian Junior Ice Hockey League. They represent one of the two junior ice hockey teams from Western Australia currently playing in the AJIHL, which is the most elite level for ice hockey at a national level for ages between 16–20 years old.

2013–14 AJIHL season
The 2013–14 AJIHL season is the second season of the Australian Junior Ice Hockey League. It ran from 5 October 2013 until 1 March 2014, with the finals running from 8 March 2014 until 9 March 2014. The AJIHL is the highest Australian national junior ice hockey competition.
Overprint
An overprint is an additional layer of text or graphics added to the face of a postage or revenue stamp, postal stationery, banknote or ticket after it has been printed. Post offices most often use overprints for internal administrative purposes such as accounting but they are also employed in public mail. Well-recognized varieties include commemorative overprints which are produced for their public appeal and command significant interest in the field of philately.

Hawaii overprint note
A Hawaii overprint note is one of a series of banknotes (one silver certificate and three Federal Reserve Notes) issued during World War II as an emergency issue after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The intent of the overprints was to easily distinguish United States dollars captured by the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in the event of an invasion of Hawaii and render the notes worthless. Although a sizeable number of the notes were recalled and destroyed after the end of World War II, many escaped destruction and exist as collectibles of numismatic interest in the present day.
USD San Severo
Unione Sportiva Dilettantistica San Severo is an Italian association football club based in San Severo, Apulia. The club currently plays in Promozione Puglia, sixth division of the Italian championship.

San Severo
San Severo (pronounced [san seˈvɛːro]; formerly spelled Sansevero and previously known as San Severino; Northern Apulian: Sanzëvírë; Latin: Castellum Sancti Severini) is a comune (municipality) of c. 51,919 inhabitants in the province of Foggia, Apulia, Southern Italy. Rising on the foot of the spur of Gargano, San Severo adjoins the communes of Apricena in the north, Rignano Garganico and San Marco in Lamis in the east, Foggia and Lucera in the south, and Torremaggiore and San Paolo di Civitate in the west.
Greg Ginn
Gregory Regis Ginn (/ˈɡɪn/ GHIN, born June 8, 1954) is an American musician and songwriter, best known for being the leader, primary songwriter, and the only continuous member of the hardcore punk band Black Flag, which he founded and led from 1976 to 1986, and again in 2003. Since the breakup of Black Flag, Ginn has recorded solo albums, and performed with such bands as October Faction, Gone, Confront James, Mojack, and others. He was 99th on Rolling Stone's list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time."

Mojack
Mojack is an instrumental rock band, formed by ex-Black Flag guitarist Greg Ginn. The music of Mojack is similar to another one of Ginn's instrumental projects, Gone, however, it is much more jazz-oriented. Besides Ginn on guitar, the band includes ex-member of Bazooka Tony Atherton playing saxophone and clarinet, Steve Sharp on bass guitar, Andy Batwinas on percussion, and Richie West on drums.
Alexandrov topology
In general topology, an Alexandrov topology is a topology in which the intersection of an arbitrary family of open sets is open (while the definition of a topology only requires this for a finite family). Equivalently, an Alexandrov topology is one whose open sets are the upper sets for some preorder on the space.

Spaces with an Alexandrov topology are also known as Alexandrov-discrete spaces or finitely generated spaces. The latter name stems from the fact that their topology is uniquely determined by the family of all finite subspaces. This makes them a generalization of finite topological spaces.

Alexandrov-discrete spaces are named after the Russian topologist Pavel Alexandrov. They should not be confused with Alexandrov spaces from Riemannian geometry introduced by the Russian mathematician Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov.

Kripke semantics
Kripke semantics (also known as relational semantics or frame semantics, and often confused with possible world semantics) is a formal semantics for non-classical logic systems created in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Saul Kripke and André Joyal. It was first conceived for modal logics, and later adapted to intuitionistic logic and other non-classical systems. The development of Kripke semantics was a breakthrough in the theory of non-classical logics, because the model theory of such logics was almost non-existent before Kripke (algebraic semantics existed, but were considered 'syntax in disguise').
Elizabeth Quat
Elizabeth Quat, BBS, JP (Chinese: 葛珮帆, born 23 December 1966) is a Hong Kong politician from the pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong. She is a co-founder of the Internet Professional Association (iProA), a director of the World Summit Award and chief executive officer of CB Strategic Investment. Quat graduated from Greenwich University, Hawaii, a defunct diploma mill.

Quat was elected in 2012 through New Territories East constituency in the Hong Kong Legislative Council. She was re-elected in 2016 through the same constituency. She was re-elected in 2021 to represent Election Committee constituency with 1,322 votes. She has also served as an elected member of the Sha Tin District Council from 2008 to 2015.

In December 2025, she was re-elected again through Election Committee constituency with 1,321 votes.

Bronze Bauhinia Star
The Bronze Bauhinia Star (Chinese: 銅紫荊星章, BBS) is the lowest rank in Order of the Bauhinia Star, under the honours system of Hong Kong, created in 1997 to replace the British honours system after the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR).

It is awarded to persons who have given outstanding service over a long period of time, but in a more limited field or way than that required for the Silver Bauhinia Star.
Jōhen, Ehime
Jōhen (城辺町, Jōhen-chō) was a town located in Minamiuwa District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2004, the town of Jōhen had an estimated population of 9,751 and a density of 129.37 persons per km2. The total area was 75.37 km2.

On October 1, 2004, Jōhen, along with the towns of Ipponmatsu, Mishō and Nishiumi, and the village of Uchiumi (all from Minamiuwa District), was merged to create the town of Ainan.

Ainan, Ehime
Ainan (愛南町, Ainan-chō) is a town in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2022, the town had an estimated population of 19,733 in 10054 households, and a population density of 83 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 238.99 square kilometres (92.27 sq mi).
Mowag Piranha
The Mowag Piranha is a family of armoured fighting vehicles designed by the Swiss company Mowag (since 2010 General Dynamics European Land Systems – Mowag GmbH).

Five generations of vehicles have been produced, manufactured by Mowag or under licence by other companies such as the LAV, and variants are in service with military forces throughout the world.

Protector RWS
The Protector RWS is a remotely controlled weapons station (RWS) that can be mounted to vehicles and stationary platforms. It has been in full scale production since December 2001. It is manufactured by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace of Norway.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Carteret County, North Carolina
This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Carteret County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.

Carteret County, North Carolina
Carteret County (/ˌkɑːr.təˈrɛt/ KAR-tuh-RET or /ˌkɑːr.tɜːrˈɛt/ KAR-tur-ET) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67,686. Its county seat is Beaufort. The county was created in 1722 as Carteret Precinct and gained county status in 1739. It was named for Sir George Carteret, one of the 17th century English Lords Proprietor, or for his descendant and heir John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville.

Carteret County comprises the Morehead City, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the New Bern-Morehead City, NC Combined Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the Crystal Coast.
Pat Paulsen's Half a Comedy Hour
Pat Paulsen's Half a Comedy Hour is an American half-hour television variety show that ran on ABC-TV on Thursday nights at 7:30 p.m. from January 22, 1970, to April 16, 1970.

The star was Pat Paulsen, who ran for the office of President of the United States in 1968. Paulsen had been a regular on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. Jean Byron was a semi-regular. Writers included Steve Martin.

Paulsen often spoofed Then Came Bronson and played a science teacher. Guest stars included Hubert Humphrey, Angie Dickinson, Tiny Tim, Miss Vickie, Mike Connors, Dan Blocker, Henry Fonda, Tommy Smothers, Don Rickles, Don Adams, Carl Betz, the animated Daffy Duck and Foghorn Leghorn and Joey Heatherton. On the April 9, 1970, episode, Paulsen sang the song "Did I Ever Really Live?", which was from his Mercury record album, Live at the Ice House.

The show was cancelled after 13 episodes.

MPI released the entire series on DVD in 2009.

The series is available on Amazon Prime Video and Tubi.

Then Came Bronson
Then Came Bronson is an American adventure/drama television series starring Michael Parks that aired on NBC. It was created by Denne Bart Petitclerc, and produced by MGM Television. Then Came Bronson began with a television film pilot that aired on NBC on March 24, 1969; the pilot was also released in Europe as a theatrical feature film. This was followed by a single season of 26 episodes airing between September 17, 1969, and April 1, 1970.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (August 17, 1914 – August 17, 1988) was an American lawyer, politician, and businessman. He served as a United States congressman from New York from 1949 to 1955 and in 1963 was appointed United States Under Secretary of Commerce by President John F. Kennedy. Roosevelt was appointed as the first chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from 1965 to 1966 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Roosevelt also ran for governor of New York twice. Just after World War II, he served on Harry S. Truman's President's Committee on Civil Rights. Roosevelt was a son of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, and served as an officer in the United States Navy during World War II.

Liberal Party of New York
The Liberal Party of New York is a political party in New York. Its platform supports a standard set of socially liberal policies, including abortion rights, increased spending on education, and universal health care.
Rubina Qureshi
Rubina Qureshi, TI (Sindhi: روبينہ قريشي also Rubeena; 19 October 1940 – 13 July 2022) was a Pakistani Sindhi language folk singer. She was popularly known as Nightingale of Sindh as she performed most of her songs in Sindhi, Urdu, Punjabi and Saraiki languages.

Mustafa Qureshi
Mustafa Qureshi (born 11 May 1938) is a Pakistani film and television actor.

He has acted in more than 600 movies, in Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi languages.

He is best remembered for playing the antagonist Noori Natt in Maula Jatt (1979).

He was born into a Sindhi family despite his later work mainly in Punjabi cinema.

Qureshi won Nigar Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Lal Aandhi (1979). He then won his first Nigar Award for Best Actor for 1981 film Sher Khan. He won his third Nigar Award and second in best actor category for his role in Rustam Te Khan (1983).

He was awarded Pride of Performance in 1988.

He has voiced Germander in the Commander Safeguard animated series.
Poher
Poher is an ancient principality that emerged in the Early Middle Ages in Cornouaille in west-central Brittany. Its capital was the Gallo-Roman city of Vorgium, capital of the Osismii, which became Carhaix after the fall of the Roman Empire. Archaeological excavations scheduled since 1999 show that, even if the city lost its function as capital after the 4th century, it was nonetheless a stronghold and major strategic crossroads.

Alan II, Duke of Brittany
Alan II (c. 900–952), nicknamed Wrybeard or Twistedbeard, Alan Varvek in Breton, was Count of Vannes, Poher and Nantes, and Duke of Brittany from 938 to his death. He was the grandson of King Alan the Great by Alan's daughter and her husband Mathuedoï I, Count of Poher.
He expelled the Vikings/Norsemen from Brittany after an occupation that lasted from 907 to about 939.
Boulton & Paul Ltd
Boulton & Paul Ltd was a British general manufacturer from Norwich, England that became involved in aircraft manufacture.

Jeld Wen Inc. bought Boulton & Paul (along with another joinery company John Carr) from the Rugby Group plc in 1999 to form its British subsidiary.

Boulton Paul Sidestrand
The Boulton Paul P.29 Sidestrand was a twin-engine biplane medium bomber of the Royal Air Force. Designed for daylight operations, it was manoeuvrable and provided with three defensive gun positions. Named after a village on the Norfolk coast near Boulton & Paul's factory in Norwich, the Sidestrand first flew in 1926 and entered service in 1928. It remained in service until 1936, equipping No. 101 Squadron RAF. It was an agile and relatively fast aircraft that was capable of aerobatic manoeuvres such as loops, rolls and spins.
Tianhe core module
Tianhe (Chinese: 天和; pinyin: Tiānhé; lit. 'Harmony of the Heavens'), officially the Tianhe core module (Chinese: 天和核心舱), is the first module to launch of the Tiangong space station. It was launched into orbit on 29 April 2021, as the first launch of the final phase of Tiangong program, part of the China Manned Space Program (Project 921).

Tianhe follows the earlier Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 space laboratories. It is the first module of a third-generation Chinese modular space station. Other examples of modular stations include the Soviet/Russian Mir and the International Space Station. Operations will be controlled from the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center.

In 2018, a fullscale mockup of Tianhe was publicly presented at China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai. In October 2020, China selected 18 new astronauts ahead of the space station construction to participate in the country's space station project.

Tiangong-2
Tiangong-2 (Chinese: 天宫二号; pinyin: Tiāngōng èrhào; lit. 'Heavenly Palace 2') was a Chinese space laboratory and part of the Project 921-2 space station program. Tiangong-2 was launched on 15 September 2016. It was deorbited as planned on 19 July 2019.

Tiangong-2 was neither designed nor planned to be a permanent orbital station; rather, it was intended as a testbed for key technologies used in the Tiangong station (Chinese large modular space station) of which the first module launched on 29 April 2021 and the remaining modules of which launched in 2022.
Nicholas Fairbairn
Sir Nicholas Hardwick Fairbairn, QC (24 December 1933 – 19 February 1995) was a Scottish politician and advocate. He was the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Kinross and Western Perthshire from October 1974 to 1983, and then for Perth and Kinross until his death in 1995. He was Solicitor General for Scotland from 1979 to 1982.

Solicitor General for Scotland
His Majesty's Solicitor General for Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-neach-lagha a' Chrùin an Alba) is one of the Law Officers of the Crown, and the deputy to the Lord Advocate. The Lord Advocate has a duty is to advise the Scottish Government on Scots Law alongside the Solicitor General for Scotland. They are also responsible for the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service which together constitute the Criminal Prosecution Service in Scotland.

Together with the Lord Advocate, the Solicitor General for Scotland is one of the senior legal advisors to the government in Scotland. Whilst the Solicitor General for Scotland supports the Lord Advocate in their functions, the Solicitor General may also exercise their statutory and common law powers when necessary.
Samye
Samye Monastery (Tibetan: བསམ་ཡས་, Wylie: bsam yas, Chinese: 桑耶寺), full name Samye Migyur Lhundrub Tsula Khang (Wylie: Bsam yas mi ’gyur lhun grub gtsug lag khang) and Shrine of Unchanging Spontaneous Presence, is the first Tibetan Buddhist and Nyingma monastery built in Tibet, during the reign of King Trisong Deutsen. Khenpo Shantarakshita began construction in 763, and Tibetan Vajrayana founder Guru Padmasambhava tamed the local spirits before its completion in 767. The first Tibetan monks were ordained there in 779. Samye was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution then rebuilt after 1988.

Samye Monastery is located in the Chimpu valley (Mchims phu), south of Lhasa, next the Hapori mountain along the greater the Yarlung Valley. The site is in the present administrative region of Gra Nang or Drananga Lhokha.

Kamalaśīla
Kamalaśīla (Skt. Kamalaśīla; Tib. པདྨའི་ངང་ཚུལ་, Pemé Ngang Tsul; Wyl. pad+ma'i ngang tshul) (c. 740-795) was an Indian Buddhist monk and philosopher of Nalanda Mahavihara. Notably he accompanied Śāntarakṣita (725–788) to Tibet at the request of Trisong Detsen.

Kamalaśīla was a pivotal figure in the development of Indian Mahayana thought and made a number of original contributions in this field that demonstrated his knowledge of both Buddhist and non-Buddhist philosophies. In addition to this, his role as a missionary for Indian Buddhism and his supposed victory in the Debate of Samye helped shape the formation of Tibetan Buddhism. His works spanned several genres and touched upon different schools of Buddhism including Madhyamaka as well as the traditions espoused by Dignāga and Dharmakirti.
Poddorsky District
Poddorsky District (Russian: По́ддорский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Volotovsky District in the north, Starorussky District in the northeast, Maryovsky District in the east, Kholmsky District in the south, Bezhanitsky District of Pskov Oblast in the southwest, and with Dedovichsky District of Pskov Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,952 square kilometers (1,140 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Poddorye. District's population: 4,645 (2010 Census); 5,610 (2002 Census); 6,820 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Poddorye accounts for 40.0% of the district's total population.

Dedovichsky District
Dedovichsky District (Russian: Де́довичский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Dnovsky District in the north, Volotovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the northeast, Poddorsky District, also of Novgorod Oblast, in the east, Bezhanitsky District in the south, Novorzhevsky District in the southwest, and with Porkhovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,188 square kilometers (845 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Dedovichi. Population: 14,692 (2010 Census); 17,881 (2002 Census); 18,948 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Dedovichi accounts for 59.9% of the district's total population.
Apukshunnubbee District
Apukshunnubbee District was one of three provinces, or districts, comprising the former Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory.  Also called the Second District, it encompassed the southeastern one-third of the nation.

The Apukshunnubbee District was named in honor of Chief Apukshunnubbee (also spelled Apuckshunubbee), a Choctaw warrior and statesman.  He was district chief of the Okla Falaya ("Upper Towns") District in the original Choctaw Nation of the Southeast. Many Choctaw from that area referred to the Apukshunnubbee District as the Okla Falaya District.  The other two districts were the Moshulatubbee District and Pushmataha District.: 40

McCurtain County, Oklahoma
McCurtain County is a county in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, its population was 30,814. Its county seat is Idabel. It was formed at statehood from part of the earlier Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory. The name honors an influential Choctaw family who lived in the area. Jackson McCurtain and Edmund McCurtain served in the Confederate Army before their terms as chief, while Green McCurtain was the last chief when Oklahoma became a state in 1907.