hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Kahn (computer scientist)
Robert Elliot Kahn (born December 23, 1938) is an American electrical engineer who, along with Vint Cerf, first proposed the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet.

In 2004, Kahn won the Turing Award with Vint Cerf for their work on TCP/IP.

Internet Society
The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American non-profit advocacy organization whose purpose is to promote an open and safe internet. Founded in 1992, it has offices in Reston, Virginia, United States, and Geneva, Switzerland, with local chapters around the world.
George I. Bloom
George Isaac Bloom (September 2, 1898 – February 3, 1991) was an American political figure who served as chairman of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania (1956–1963), Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1963–1965), and chairman of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (1965–1975).

Pennsylvania Republican Party
The Pennsylvania Republican Party (PAGOP) is the affiliate of the Republican Party in the state of Pennsylvania, headquartered in Harrisburg. Its chairman is state senator Greg Rothman.

Along with the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, it is one of the two major political parties in the state. It currently controls one of Pennsylvania's U.S. Senate seats, 10 of the state's 17 U.S. House seats, three of the five statewide offices, and holds a majority in the State Senate.
1949–50 Western Football League
The 1949–50 season was the 48th in the history of the Western Football League.

This was the first and only season in the history of the Western League in which it consisted of three divisions. Division Three was created largely from reserve sides of existing members, but was abandoned at the end of the season.

The champions for the first time in their history were Wells City, and the winners of Division Two were new club Barnstaple Town. Bideford Town won Division Three, only dropping one point.

Bideford A.F.C.
Bideford Association Football Club is a football club based in Bideford, Devon, England. They are currently members of the Southern League Division One South and play at the Sports Ground. The club are nicknamed "The Robins" due to their all-red strip.
Landstad, Wisconsin
Landstad is an unincorporated community located in the town of Lessor, Shawano County, Wisconsin, United States. Landstad is located on Wisconsin Highway 47, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) south of Bonduel. The Landstad post office was established by its first postmaster, Sven G. Morgan, in June 1882 and discontinued in 1902. The community was likely named for Magnus Brostrup Landstad, a popular poet and hymnal writer at the time.

Shawano County, Wisconsin
Shawano County (/ˈʃɔːnoʊ/ ⓘ SHAW-noh; originally Shawanaw County) is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,881. Its county seat is Shawano.

Shawano County is included in the Shawano, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Green Bay–Shawano, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Aljezur River
The Aljezur River (Portuguese pronunciation: [alʒɨˈzuɾ]) is a small river in the Portuguese region of the Algarve. The river runs westwards for 9.8 kilometres (6.1 mi) from its start in the village of Aljezur from the confluence of the River Alfambres and River Cerca to its mouth on the Atlantic western Algarve coast at Praia da Amoreira.

Aljezur (parish)
Aljezur is a parish (freguesia) in the municipality of Aljezur in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,365, in an area of 166.76 km².

The area consists of Vale da Telha, Arrifana, Espartal, Vales, and Picao de Baixo

Archaeological sites confirm man's presence in the area since prehistoric times, most notably for a period around 4,000 BC and during the Bronze Age. The name Aljezur comes from Aljuzur, the Arabic meaning of Islands. Overlooking the town is a ruin of a Moorish fortress. A visit on the hill and learning about the function and history of this historic monument can be combined with a visit to one of the local museums.
Flora Footbridge
The Flora Footbridge, named after Flora MacDonald, is a pedestrian/cycling bridge in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, that spans the Rideau Canal, connecting Clegg Street in Old Ottawa East to Fifth Avenue in the Glebe. It also crosses Colonel By Drive.

The bridge is 5 m wide and 123 m long. Construction started in 2018. Originally scheduled to be completed in fall 2019, the bridge opened to the public ahead of schedule on June 28, 2019.

The Glebe
The Glebe is a neighbourhood in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located just south of Downtown Ottawa in the Capital Ward. As of 2016, the neighbourhood had a population of 13,055.

The Glebe is bounded on the north by the Queensway, on the east and south by the Rideau Canal and on the west by LeBreton Street South, Carling Avenue and Dow's Lake. This area includes the Glebe Annex, an area west of Bronson Avenue, north of Carling Avenue, east of LeBreton South Street and south of the Queensway. It also includes the Dow's Lake neighbourhood, an area north of the Rideau Canal, east of Dow's Lake, south of Carling Avenue, and west of Bronson.

The Glebe lies in the federal riding of Ottawa Centre and the provincial electoral district of the same name.
WFSR
WFSR (970 AM) is a radio station  broadcasting a Southern Gospel format. It is licensed to Harlan, Kentucky, United States. The station is currently owned by Eastern Broadcasting Company and features programming from Salem Communications.  The station had broadcast 1470 AM until 1990, before being granted permission by the FCC to change its frequency.  The WFSR call letters applied for as an abbreviation for "fourteen seventy radio", and have been used ever since the Kentucky station went on the air in 1976. Since 1990, its facilities have been shared with Eastern Broadcasting's FM station, WTUK.

Harlan, Kentucky
Harlan is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Harlan County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Harlan had a population of 1,776.

Harlan is one of three Kentucky county seats to share its name with its county, the others being Greenup and Henderson.
Hans-Heinrich Sixt von Armin
Hans-Heinrich Sixt von Armin (6 November 1890 – 1 April 1952) was a German general during World War II who commanded several divisions. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Armin surrendered following the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943 and died in Soviet captivity on 1 April 1952. He was the son of World War I general Friedrich Sixt von Armin.

Friedrich Sixt von Armin
Friedrich Bertram Sixt von Armin (27 November 1851 – 30 September 1936) was a Prussian and German general who participated in the Franco-Prussian War and was a senior commander in the First World War. In the latter he participated in many battles on the Western Front, including the Battles of Passchendaele and the Lys. He was the recipient of many decorations for his leadership, including the Order Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves, Prussia's highest military honor.
The Bell Jar
The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath. Originally published under the pseudonym "Victoria Lucas" in 1963, the novel is supposedly semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed. The book is often regarded as a roman à clef because the protagonist's descent into mental illness parallels Plath's own experiences with what may have been clinical depression. Plath died by suicide a month after its first UK publication.

The novel was published under Plath's name for the first time in 1966. It was not published in the United States until 1971, in accordance with the wishes of both Plath's husband Ted Hughes and her mother. In the United States, the book became an instant best-seller, and has since been translated into more than forty languages.

Bell jar
A bell jar is a glass jar, similar in shape to a bell (i.e. in its best-known form it is open at the bottom, while its top and sides together are a single piece), and can be manufactured from a variety of materials (ranging from glass to different types of metals). Bell jars are often used in laboratories to form and contain a vacuum. It is a common science apparatus used in experiments. Bell jars have a limited ability to create strong vacuums; vacuum chambers are available when higher performance is needed. They have been used to demonstrate the effect of vacuum on sound propagation.

In addition to their scientific applications, bell jars may also serve as display cases or transparent dust covers. In these situations, the bell jar is not usually placed under vacuum.
Sokolina
Sokolina [sɔkɔˈlina] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnocin, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Czarnocin, 10 km (6 mi) east of Kazimierza Wielka, and 65 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Czarnocin, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Gmina Czarnocin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Czarnocin, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Kazimierza Wielka and 61 km (38 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 69.53 square kilometres (26.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,176.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Kozubów Landscape Park.
Lake Conroe
Lake Conroe is a 21,000-acre (85 km2) lake in Montgomery County, Texas, United States. Even though it is named Lake Conroe, only the southern third of the lake is in Conroe, Texas. Most of the lake is in unincorporated Montgomery County, while a small northern sliver juts into neighboring Walker County where the Baker Bridge is located. The lake lies on the West Fork of the San Jacinto River, just west of Interstate 45 off State Highway 105 in Montgomery and Walker counties. Lake Conroe is a popular attraction for boating, jet-skiing, and fishing.

Texas State Highway 105
State Highway 105 (SH 105)  is a state highway in the U.S. state of Texas that runs from Brenham to the outskirts of Beaumont.  The route was originally proposed in 1925 and took its current routing in 1984.
Close studding
Close studding is a form of timber work used in timber-framed buildings in which vertical timbers (studs) are set close together, dividing the wall into narrow panels. Rather than being a structural feature, the primary aim of close studding is to produce an impressive front.

Close studding first appeared in England in the 13th century and was commonly used there from the mid-15th century until the end of the 17th century. It was also common in France from the 15th century.

Wall stud
Cripple

Window header

Top plate / upper wall plate

Window sill

Stud

Sill plate / sole plate / bottom plate

Wall studs are framing components in timber or steel-framed walls, that run between the top and bottom plates. Studs are a fundamental element in frame building. The majority of non-masonry buildings rely on wall studs, with wood being the most common and least expensive material used for studs. Studs are positioned perpendicular to the wall they are forming to give strength and create space for wires, pipes and insulation. Studs are sandwiched between two horizontal boards called top and bottom plates. These boards are nailed or screwed to the top and bottom ends of the studs, forming the complete wall frame. Studs are usually spaced 16 or 24 inches (410 or 610 mm) apart.
Lillord Lake
Lillord Lake is a lake in geographic Lee Township in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin and is the source of Lillord Creek. The nearest community is Sesekinika, 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) to the east.

The lake is about 720 metres (2,360 ft) long and 470 metres (1,540 ft) wide. There are four unnamed inflows at the south, west, north and northeast. The primary outflow, at the southeast, is Lillord Creek, which flows southeast to Berube Lake on the way to its mouth at the Blanche River. The Blanche River flows via Lake Timiskaming and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.

Lillord Creek
Lillord Creek is a creek in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin and is a right tributary of the Blanche River.
2025 Prague Open – Singles
Marie Bouzková defeated Linda Nosková in the final, 2–6, 6–1, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Prague Open. It was her second career WTA Tour singles title, and her second title at the tournament, after 2022.

Magda Linette was the reigning champion, but chose to compete in Washington instead.

Eight Czech players reached the round of 16, a record for a WTA Tour event.

Jessika Ponchet
Jessika Ponchet (born 26 September 1996) is a French professional tennis player. She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 104 in singles, achieved on 9 September 2024, and No. 101 in doubles, reached on 28 November 2022.
1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance
The 1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance involved a Douglas C-124 Globemaster II of the 2nd Strategic Support Squadron, Strategic Air Command, which ditched into the Atlantic Ocean on the late afternoon of 23 March 1951 after reporting a fire in the cargo hold. The ditching and subsequent evacuation were successful, but the aircraft and its occupants had vanished by the time US Coast Guard Cutter Casco arrived at the last reported location.

USS Casco (AVP-12)
The third USS Casco (AVP-12) was a United States Navy Barnegat-class small seaplane tender in commission from 1941 to 1947. She saw service in World War II. After her decommissioning, the U.S. Navy loaned her to the United States Coast Guard, in which she served as the cutter USCGC Casco (WAVP-370), later WHEC-370, from 1949 to 1969.
Mamertas Indriliūnas
Mamertas Indriliūnas  (28 January 1920 – 21 February 1945) was a Lithuanian writer, literary critic, translator, and anti-Soviet partisan. He attended the Biržai gymnasium and established himself as a worthy literary critic. In Vytautas Magnus University he studied Lithuanian language and literature and joined Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas's Šatrija art circle, as well as the theatre seminar headed by Balys Sruoga, developing a strong friendship with Bronius Krivickas. After completing his education in Vilnius University, Indriliūnas joined the Lithuanian partisans after the Soviet re-occupation of Lithuania in 1944.

Šatrija art circle
The Šatrija art circle was a Lithuanian art society focused primarily on literature. It was established in 1926 by various students belonging to the Ateitis movement (ateitininkai). Its component members included some of the most notable intellectuals of Lithuanian literature. It was also contemporary to other movements like the Žemininkai and Trečiafrontininkai.
New Boston, Michigan
New Boston is an unincorporated community in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is located within Huron Charter Township. As an unincorporated community, New Boston has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own.

New Boston is located close to three divisions of the Huron–Clinton Metroparks system: Lower Huron, Oakwoods, and Willow. The Huron River runs through New Boston. The community has its own post office with the 48164 ZIP Code, which also serves the communities of Waltz and Willow, as well as smaller portions of Sumpter Township to the west and Brownstown Charter Township to the east.  The community is served by Huron School District.

Willow Metropark
Willow Metropark is a park in the Huron-Clinton Metroparks system, located on the banks of the Huron River between Lower Huron Metropark to the northwest and Oakwoods Metropark to the southeast. The park consists of a wide variety of trails and recreational areas, including an 18-hole golf course, the 17-acre (69,000 m2) Washago Pond, hike/bike trails, a disc golf course, a children's play area, a pool, and a kayak/canoe launch, in addition to groomed cross country ski trails in the winter months.
Japanese battleship Tosa
Tosa (Japanese: 土佐; named after the ancient Tosa Province) was a planned battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Designed by Yuzuru Hiraga, Tosa was to be the first of two Tosa-class ships. Displacing 39,900 long tons (40,540 t) and armed with ten 410 mm (16.1 in) guns, these warships would have brought Japan closer to its goal of an "Eight-four" fleet (eight battleships and four battlecruisers). The ship was laid down in 1920, but all work was halted after the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty in 1922. As the treaty required the vessel to be destroyed, it was used for weapons testing before being scuttled in February 1925.

Tosa Province
Tosa Province (土佐国, Tosa no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [toꜜ.sa (no kɯ.ɲi), to.saꜜ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of southern Shikoku.  Tosa bordered on Awa to the northeast, and Iyo to the northwest. Its abbreviated form name was Doshū (土州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Tosa was one of the provinces of the Nankaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Tosa was ranked as one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of importance, and one of the "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of Nankoku. The ichinomiya of the province is the Tosa shrine located in the city of  Kōchi.
Execution of Steven Michael Woods Jr.
Steven Michael Woods Jr. (April 17, 1980 – September 13, 2011) was an American who was executed by lethal injection in the state of Texas. Woods was sentenced to death after a jury convicted him of the capital murders of Ronald Whitehead, 21, and Bethena Brosz, 19, on May 2, 2001, in The Colony, Texas. Woods petitioned to media outlets for prisoner rights in February 2004.

He was incarcerated on the Texas state death row for men, located in the Allan B. Polunsky Unit (formerly the Terrell Unit) in West Livingston, Texas. In late 2006, Woods was part of a hunger strike in Polunsky, to oppose death-row inmates' treatment.

Allan B. Polunsky Unit
Allan B. Polunsky Unit (TL, formerly the Terrell Unit) is a prison in West Livingston, unincorporated Polk County, Texas, United States, located approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Livingston along Farm to Market Road 350. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the facility. The unit houses the State of Texas death row for men, and it has a maximum capacity of 2,900. Livingston Municipal Airport is located on the other side of FM 350.

Polunsky was named after Allan B. Polunsky, a former chairman of the Texas Board of Criminal Justice and former chairman of the Public Safety Commission, the governing board of the Texas Department of Public Safety.

Polunsky houses Texas' "supermax" units and is notable for being the location of Texas's death row for men. Executions, though, are conducted at the Huntsville Unit in Huntsville, 60 miles (97 km) to the west.
Demons (TV series)
Demons is a British six-part supernatural drama TV series produced by Shine TV, which premiered on ITV on 3 January 2009. It was produced by the same company that made the Sky One supernatural drama Hex and the BBC One fantasy series Merlin. The DVD of the only series made was released on 6 April 2009.

Shine TV
Shine TV is a British media production company and part of Banijay Entertainment with offices in London and Manchester.

Shine was founded in March 2001 by Elisabeth Murdoch, daughter of News Corporation CEO Rupert Murdoch. The company was 80% owned by Elisabeth Murdoch, 15% by Lord Alli, and 5% by BSkyB, which signed a deal guaranteeing to buy an agreed amount of Shine programming for two years.
Tres de Abril Street
Tres de Abril Street (Cebuano: Dalan Tres de Abril) is a national tertiary road in Cebu City, Philippines. It commences at Spolarium Street in Barangay Pasil which connects Barangay Ermita through the Forbes Bridge, passes through the junctions of C. Padilla Street and N. Bacalso Avenue, and ends at the junction of F. Llamas Street in Barangay Punta Princesa. It was formerly considered as a national secondary road under Executive Order No. 113 issued by President Ramon Magsaysay on May 2, 1955.

The street is named after the Battle of Tres de Abril, an uprising led by Leon Kilat that happened on April 3, 1898 as part of the Philippine Revolution against the Spaniards.

Cebu Institute of Technology – University
The Cebu Institute of Technology – University (CIT University, or less often CIT-U, and colloquially CIT) is an autonomous, private, non-sectarian academic institution in Cebu City, Philippines. The university provides basic and higher education with a foundation in general and technological education. The university was known simply as Cebu Institute of Technology until 2010 when it has attained university status.

CIT-U is the first higher educational institution (HEI) in the Visayas and Mindanao classified as Category A (t). This places CIT-U as a mature teaching institution under the CHED-IQuAME framework. IQuAME is the Institutional Quality Assurance through Monitoring and Evaluation, a system of higher education quality assurance and classification.

CIT-U is one of only nine schools in the Philippines to be awarded by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) as a Center of Excellence in Information Technology Education.
Aloha Tower
The Aloha Tower is a retired lighthouse that is considered one of the landmarks of the state of Hawaii in the United States. Opened on September 11, 1926, at a cost of $160,000 ($2,805,206 in 2024), the Aloha Tower is located at Pier 9 of Honolulu Harbor. It has been, and continues to be, a guiding beacon welcoming vessels to the City and County of Honolulu. Just as the Statue of Liberty greeted hundreds of thousands of immigrants each year to New York City, the Aloha Tower greeted hundreds of thousands of immigrants to Honolulu. At 10 stories and 184 feet (56 m) of height topped with 40 feet (12 m) of flag mast, for four decades the Aloha Tower was the tallest structure in Hawaii. It was built in the Hawaiian Gothic architectural style.

Hawaiian architecture
Hawaiian architecture is a distinctive architectural style developed and employed primarily in the Hawaiian Islands. Though based on imported Western styles, unique Hawaiian traits make Hawaiian architecture stand alone against other styles.  Hawaiian architecture reflects the history of the islands from antiquity through the kingdom era, from its territorial years to statehood and beyond.

The various styles through the history of Hawaiʻi are telling of the attitudes and the spirit of its people.  Hawaiian architecture is said to tell the story of how indigenous native Hawaiians and their complex society in ancient times slowly evolved with the infusion of new styles from beyond its borders, from the early European traders, the visiting whalers and fur trappers from Canada, the missions of the New Englanders and French Catholics, the communes of the Latter-day Saints from Utah, the plantation labourer cultures from Asia to the modern international metropolis that Honolulu is today.
Tschagguns
Tschagguns is a village in the Montafon valley, Bludenz district in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Tschagguns offers skiing with its own ski resort called Golm. Tschagguns offers hiking, mountain biking, winter sports and much more. Gauertal is a valley found in Tschagguns between Mittagspitze and Golm. It is famous for the "3 Türme" which means 3 Towers.

Bludenz District
The Bezirk Bludenz is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Vorarlberg, Austria.

Area of the district is 1,287.63 km², population is 61,407 (January 1, 2012), and population density 48 persons per km². Administrative center of the district is Bludenz.