hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)
The National Parks and Wildlife Service (Irish: An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra) manages the Irish State's nature conservation responsibilities. As well as managing the national parks, the activities of the NPWS include the designation and protection of Natural Heritage Areas, Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas.

Natural Heritage Area
Natural Heritage Area (Irish: Limistéar Oidhreachta Nádúrtha) is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in Ireland. The Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000 makes legal provision for the designation and protection of a national network of Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs).

The designation is currently used by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) to protect wildlife habitats, such as raised bogs. 75 raised bogs were designated for protection in 2004 under the Wildlife Act.
The Legend of Haolan
The Legend of Haolan (Chinese: 皓镧传) is a 2019 Chinese television series starring Wu Jinyan, Mao Zijun and Nie Yuan. It was broadcast on iQiyi from January 19 to March 24, 2019, and was one of the most highly anticipated television dramas of the year.

Despite the show's good ratings, it failed to live up to the success of 2018's Story of Yanxi Palace.

King Zhuangxiang of Qin
King Zhuangxiang of Qin (281– 6 July 247 BCE), personal name Ying Yiren (嬴異人), Ying Ziyi or Ying Zichu, was a king of the state of Qin. He was the father and predecessor of Qin Shi Huang, who would later unify China proper and become China's first emperor. He was posthumously honored as a Taishang Huang by the Qin dynasty.
Gildea Glacier
Gildea Glacier is a glacier 10 kilometres (6 mi) long and 5 kilometres (3 mi) wide flowing southwestward from Craddock Massif between Mount Slaughter and Mount Atkinson into Nimitz Glacier, in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. The upper portion of the glacier also receives ice from Hammer Col and southern Vinson Massif.

It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2006 after Damien Gildea, the Australian leader of several Omega Foundation expeditions to the Sentinel Range and Livingston Island in 2000–07. He made an ascent of Mount Craddock from the Bender Glacier in 2005, and directed the preparation of a 1:50,000-scale map of the Vinson Massif area for publication by the Omega Foundation in 2006.

Mount Slaughter
Mount Slaughter is an ice-free peak, rising to 3,444 metres (11,299 ft) on a spur trending southwest from Opalchenie Peak on Vinson Plateau, Sentinel Range, in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is surmounting the head of Donnellan Glacier to the northwest and Gildea Glacier to the south. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs from 1957 to 1960. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1982, after John B. Slaughter, the director of the National Science Foundation from 1980 to 1982.
Kobe Bell
The Kobe Bell (also known as the Friendship Bell) is a ceremonial Japanese bonshō (bell) installed on the grounds of the Seattle Center in Seattle, Washington, United States.

The bell was presented as a gift to the people of Seattle by the people of Kobe, Japan, in commemoration of the 1962 Seattle World's Fair and Kobe's status as Seattle's first sister city. It is made of ornamented bronze and housed inside a wooden shōrō. It contains a dedication written in both Japanese and English:

"Presented by the People of Kobe to the People of Seattle as a Symbol of Friendship. May this bell ring forever signifying friendship between the nations of the United States and Japan."

The bell is recognized as a Seattle Historic Site.

Seattle Center
The Seattle Center is an entertainment, education, tourism and performing arts center located in the Lower Queen Anne neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. Constructed for the 1962 World's Fair, the Seattle Center's landmark feature is the 605 ft (184 m) Space Needle, an official city landmark and globally recognized symbol of Seattle's skyline. Other notable attractions include Pacific Science Center, Climate Pledge Arena, and the Museum of Pop Culture (MoPOP), as well as McCaw Hall, which hosts both Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet. The Seattle Center Monorail provides regular public transit service between the Seattle Center and Westlake Center in downtown Seattle, and is itself considered a tourist attraction.
Transcendental Étude No. 4 (Liszt)
Transcendental Étude No. 4 in D minor, "Mazeppa" is the fourth of twelve Transcendental Études by Franz Liszt. It was published in 1852, and is part of a much larger cultural legacy of Mazeppa.

Lord Byron wrote an epic poem Mazeppa in 1818, but Liszt's Mazeppa is based upon a poem by Victor Hugo which was published in 1829 as a part of a collection Les Orientales. Hugo's poem is included in Liszt's original manuscript.

Cultural legacy of Ivan Mazepa
The spelling "Mazepa" refers to the historical person; the double-p "Mazeppa" is used for the artistic and literary works.

Ivan Mazepa (1639–1709) was a significant figure in the history of Ukraine. One story about him says that as a young man, he was caught in flagrante with a noblewoman, whose husband punished him by tying him naked to a wild horse and setting them free; eventually he reached the Cossacks and became their military leader. This legend caught the attention of the English poet Lord Byron ("mad, bad, and dangerous to know"), whose Mazeppa (1819) brought the events to wider attention. His narrative poem inspired many paintings, particularly by French Romantics, which in turn stimulated musical compositions, stage plays, more poems, and so on. New life was breathed into the equestrian tale when it was transposed to the American Wild West. With the independence of Ukraine in 1991, the figure of Mazepa is once again on the international stage.
Provincetown-Boston Airlines
Provincetown-Boston Airlines was a regional airline in the United States that operated from 1949 until it merged with Britt Airways in 1989. It operated a route network in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Florida, and at one time was the largest commuter airline in the United States before its purchase by People Express Airlines and then eventual consolidation with other commuter airlines into Continental Express, now United Express after the merger of Continental Airlines and United Airlines.

Cape Air
Hyannis Air Service Inc., operating as Cape Air, is an airline headquartered at Cape Cod Gateway Airport in Hyannis, Massachusetts, United States. It operates scheduled passenger services in the Northeast, the Caribbean, and Eastern Montana.

The airline operates under the rules of Part 135 Commuter using light aircraft. It has interlining and codeshare agreements with other major carriers for ticketing and baggage transfers. Flights between Hyannis and Nantucket, Massachusetts, are operated under the Nantucket Airlines brand, also operated by Hyannis Air Service, Inc. The company slogan is We're your wings.
Donald Maclean (principal)
Donald Maclean (1869–1943) was a Scottish minister and theologian who played a significant role in the Free Church of Scotland during a period of ecclesiastical upheaval in the early 20th century. He was principal of the Free Church College in Edinburgh. He was appointed professor of church history and church principles in 1920, and principal in 1942, but died the following year. He also co-founded The Evangelical Quarterly.

Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)
The Free Church of Scotland  (Scottish Gaelic: An Eaglais Shaor; Scots: Free Kirk o Scotland) is a conservative evangelical Calvinist denomination in Scotland. It is the continuation of the original Free Church of Scotland that remained outside the union with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland in 1900, and remains a distinct Presbyterian denomination in Scotland.

From 1900, when the majority of the Free Church joined the United Presbyterians to form the United Free Church, The Free Church became known, pejoratively, as "The Wee Frees", even though, in 21st century Scotland, it is the largest Presbyterian denomination after the Church of Scotland. As this term was originally used in comparing the Free Church unfavourably with the United Free Church, the Free Church of Scotland now deprecates its use.
Up the Sandbox
Up the Sandbox is a 1972 American comedy-drama film directed by Irvin Kershner, with a screenplay by Paul Zindel, based on the novel of the same name by Anne Roiphe. The film stars Barbra Streisand as Margaret Reynolds, a young wife and mother in Manhattan, who slips into increasingly bizarre fantasies to escape the predicament of her pregnancy. The film's supporting cast includes David Selby, Paul Benedict, George S. Irving, Conrad Bain, Isabel Sanford, Lois Smith and Jacobo Morales as a character who closely resembles Fidel Castro.

The film deals with themes related to feminism and the sexual revolution. Filming took place in Morningside Heights, California and Samburu National Reserve in Kenya in 1972. It was Streisand's first picture that she made with First Artists, a production company formed by Streisand, Paul Newman and Sidney Poitier. The film was released on December 21, 1972, by National General Pictures. Although it was a critical success, it was a box office flop.

First Artists
First Artists was a production company that operated from 1969 to 1980. Designed to give movie stars more creative control over their productions, the initial actors who formed First Artists were Paul Newman, Barbra Streisand, and Sidney Poitier; later joined by Steve McQueen and Dustin Hoffman. Movies made by First Artists include McQueen's The Getaway and the company's most successful film, Streisand's A Star Is Born.
Summil
Summil (Arabic: صميل) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict, located 36 kilometers (22 mi) northeast of Gaza. It was situated on a sandy hill in the coastal plain and had a population of 950 in 1945. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Gaza Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء غزة; Hebrew: נפת עזה) was one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It was situated in the southern Mediterranean coastline of the British Mandate of Palestine. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the district disintegrated, with Israel controlling the northern and eastern portions while Egypt held control of the southern and central parts – which became the Gaza Strip, under Egyptian military between 1948 and 1967, Israeli military rule between 1967 and 2005, part of the Palestinian National Authority (with some aspects of retained Israeli rule until the 2005 withdrawal) after the Oslo Accords until 2007, and is currently ruled by the Hamas as a de facto separate entity from the Palestinian National Authority. The parts which Israel held since 1948 were merged into Israeli administrative districts, their connection with Gaza severed.
Øyarvatnet
Øyarvatnet or Øyarvatn is a lake in Agder county, Norway. It sits on the border between the municipalities of Valle and Sirdal, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the village of Lunde in Sirdal and about 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of Austad in Bygland. The lake is part of the Kvina river system.  It is located just to the south of the lake Rosskreppfjorden, which flows into it.  The dam at the south end of the 8.05-square-kilometre (3.11 sq mi) lake keeps it at an elevation of 837 metres (2,746 ft).

Kvina
Kvina is a river in Southern Norway.  The 152-kilometre (94 mi) long river begins in the Setesdalsheiene mountains in the municipality of Valle in Agder county and it flows south, along the former Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder county border, through the Kvinesdalen valley, and emptying into the Fedafjorden, just south of Liknes in Kvinesdal municipality. The river has a 1,452.43-square-kilometre (560.79 sq mi) watershed.  The river is rich in fish. In 2014, about 1.02 tonnes (1.00 long ton; 1.12 short tons) of salmon was caught in the river Kvina.  The river runs through the villages of Netland, Storekvina, and Liknes.
Guliana, Gujrat
Guliana,  also spelt Galiana and Gulyana, is a town and union council of Gujrat District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°48'0″N 73°58'0″E, at an altitude of 270 metres (890 ft).

Guliana is a very old village, now a town in the area. The village is mainly Gujjar dominant amounting to 70% of the population by caste Hashmi/Qureshi constitute the majority of the remaining 30%. It used to be a famous business route during pre-partition era (before 1947 AD) for surrounding villages and towns and for Kashmir.
It is located on roads from Kharian and Lalamusa towards Bhimber via Kolta Arab Ali Khan and to Manglia.

Surrounding villages, Dhal Ghair, Dhal Kakka and Chak Kamal to the west, Bhagwal, Dham Jand Sharif, and Chak Bakhtawar to the north, Kotli Bajar to the east, and Chechian and Bhangwala to the west.

Notable people from this village include:-

Suri Sehgal, Indian-American crop scientist, born in Guliana in 1934.

Jand Sharif
Jand Sharif (Urdu: جنڈ شریف) is a village in Gujrat District, Punjab province, Pakistan. It lies 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Azad Kashmir border. All peoples are Muslim and most of people belong to the community. 80% of people are Sunni, 10% Shia and 10% are Deobandi. The mazar of Hafiz Alim Din & Bore Waly Sarkar is situated in Jand Sharif. In this village there are three mosques and an Imam bargah. The road connecting Guliana with chowki Samahni, Kotli passes through this town. On both sides of this road are fertile lands. Major crops of this region are wheat, maize and millet. Closest villages include Dadu Barsala, Chak Bakhtawar, Bhagwal Sadkal, Kotli Bajar, Ram Garh and Guliana. A bus stop is also named Loharian Chowk (Loharian is former name of Chak Bakhtawar).
Nordfold Municipality
Nordfold is a former municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 561-square-kilometre (217 sq mi) municipality existed from 1906 until its dissolution in 1964. The municipality surrounded the Nordfolda branch off of the Folda fjord in what is now Steigen Municipality, plus a small portion of the present-day Sørfold Municipality. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Nordfold, where the Nordfold Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1963, the 560.8-square-kilometre (216.5 sq mi) municipality was the 180th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Nordfold Municipality was the 539th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,481. The municipality's population density was 2.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.7/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 11.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Nordfold
Nordfold is a village in Steigen Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The village of Nordfold lies along the Nordfolda, a northern branch of the main Folda fjord. The village lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the municipal centre of Leinesfjorden. Nordfold is the location of the Nordfold Church.
Prisoners' rights in international law
Prisoners' rights in international law are found in a number of international treaties. For the most part these treaties came into existence following the two World Wars and the body of law continues to be added to and amended.

Prisoners' rights
The rights of civilian and military prisoners are governed by both national and international law.  International conventions include the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the United Nations' Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Hendrick van Rensselaer
Hendrick van Rensselaer (October 23, 1667 – July 4, 1740) was director of the Eastern patent of the Rensselaerswyck manor. 
The estate was composed of land in Columbia County, New York, and land opposite Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, named Greenbush (later Rensselaer, New York).

Robert Van Rensselaer
Robert Van Rensselaer (December 16, 1740 – September 11, 1802) was Brigadier General during the American Revolutionary War, a member of the New York Provincial Congress from 1775 to 1777 and later a member of the New York State Assembly in the 1st, 2nd and 4th New York State Legislatures.
James Charlton Farm
James Charlton Farm is a historic home located near Radford, Montgomery County, Virginia.  The house dates to the early-19th century, and is a two-story, square, log dwelling with a four-room plan.  It is sheathed in weatherboard, and features a pair of coursed rubble double-shouldered chimneys linked by a stone wall approximately five feet high.  Also on the property are the contributing coursed rubble stone chimney, a board-and-batten meathouse, a frame drive-through corn crib, a frame barn, and two frame garages.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Radford, Virginia
Radford (formerly Lovely Mount, Central City, English Ferry and Ingle's Ferry) is an independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of 2020, the population was 16,070 by the United States Census Bureau. For statistical purposes, the Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Radford with neighboring Montgomery County.

Radford is included in the Blacksburg–Christiansburg metropolitan area.

Radford is the home of Radford University. Despite its name, the Radford Arsenal, historically a major employer of   city residents, is in neighboring Pulaski and Montgomery counties. Radford City has four schools: McHarg Elementary, Belle Heth Elementary, Dalton Intermediate, and Radford High School.
1942 Stanley Cup Final
The 1942 Stanley Cup Final was a best-of-seven series between the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Detroit Red Wings. After losing the first three games, the Maple Leafs won the next four to upset the Red Wings in seven games, winning their fourth Stanley Cup and becoming the first team in North American sports history to overcome a 3–0 series deficit to win a playoff series. Toronto is still the only NHL team to win a Stanley Cup Final after being down 3–0 in the series.

It was the first Stanley Cup Finals in history to go seven games, and the only Stanley Cup Finals to result in a reverse sweep.

Wilfred McDonald
Wilfred Kennedy "Bucko" McDonald (October 31, 1911 – July 19, 1991) was a Canadian professional hockey and lacrosse player, coach, and politician.

Born in Fergus, Ontario, he played for the Detroit Red Wings, Toronto Maple Leafs, and New York Rangers between 1935 and 1945. He won the Stanley Cup three times in his career, in 1936 and 1937 with Detroit and in 1942 with Toronto.

McDonald was also a lacrosse player, who won a Mann Cup and was inducted into the Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 1971. The Ontario Lacrosse Association honoured McDonald by naming an award after him; the highest-scoring player is awarded the Bucko McDonald Trophy.

In 1945, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the Ontario riding of Parry Sound. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1949 and 1953. After leaving politics, he was the head coach for the Rochester Americans. He coached Bobby Orr when he was 11 and 12.
McCorkell Line
The McCorkell Line was a shipping line operated by Wm. McCorkell & Co. Ltd. from 1778, principally carrying passengers from Ireland, Scotland and England to the Americas. Notably, the McCorkell Line carried many immigrants who were fleeing the Great Irish Famine and sailed some of the most famous ships of the Western Ocean Ticket.

Dudley McCorkell
Sir Dudley Evelyn Bruce McCorkell, MBE, KStJ, JP, DL, (22 February 1883 – 30 May 1960) was a Mayor of Derry (1929–35), Lord Lieutenant of County Londonderry (1957–60) and ex officio member of the Senate of Northern Ireland.
Palestine Exploration Fund
The Palestine Exploration Fund is a British society based in London. It was founded in 1865, shortly after the completion of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem by Royal Engineers of the War Department. The Fund is the oldest known organization in the world created specifically for the study of the Levant region, also known as Palestine. Often simply known as the PEF, its initial objective was to carry out surveys of the topography and ethnography of Ottoman Palestine – producing the PEF Survey of Palestine. Its remit was considered to fall between an expeditionary survey and military intelligence gathering. There was also strong religious interest from Christians; William Thomson, Archbishop of York, was the first president of the PEF.

As a result, the PEF had a complex relationship with Corps of Royal Engineers of the War Department. The PEF members sent back reports to the UK on the need to salvage and modernise the Levant region.

John Winter Crowfoot
John Winter Crowfoot CBE (28 July 1873 – 6 December 1959) was a British educational administrator and archaeologist. He worked for 25 years in Egypt and Sudan, serving from 1914 to 1926 as Director of Education in the Sudan, before accepting an invitation to become Director of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem.
Andreas (parish)
Andreas (/ˈændrəs/ AND-rəss or /ˈændriəs/ AND-ree-əss; Manx: Skeerey Andreas) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man. It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) in the sheading of Ayre. The main settlement in the parish in the village of Andreas, which is also known as Kirk Andreas.

Jurby
Jurby (Old Norse: djúra-bý – deer settlement - animal park) (locally /ˈdʒərbiː/)  is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man. It is located in the north-west of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) in the sheading of Michael.

Jurby has the same meaning as Derby, both originating from the Scandinavian term for a deer farm or park; 'djúra-bý.'
The earliest known reference to Jurby comes from 1291, when it appears as 'Dureby,' but by 1588 it had morphed into being today's Jurby.
The introduction of Derby as a placename in the Isle of Man came much later, such as with the appearance of Derbyhaven in 1507, when it came from the surname of the then Lords of Man.
Emirate of Kuwait
The Emirate of Kuwait (Arabic: إمارة الكويت, romanized: Imārat al-Kūwayt) also known as Koweit or Koweyt in British writings, was an Emirate under the protection of the British in the Middle East between 1899 and 1961 following the Anglo-Kuwaiti agreement of 1899. This agreement was made between Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah and the British Government in India, primarily as a defensive measure against threats from the Ottoman Empire. After 1961, the emirate became the State of Kuwait.

Uqair Protocol of 1922
The Uqair Protocol or Uqair Convention was an agreement at Uqair on 2 December 1922 that defined the boundaries between Mandatory Iraq, the Sultanate of Nejd and Sheikhdom of Kuwait. It was made by Percy Cox, the British High Commissioner to Iraq, in response to Ikhwan raiders from Nejd under Ibn Saud attacking Kuwait. Cox met ibn Saud and Major John More, the British Political Agent to Kuwait. The boundaries included a Saudi–Iraqi neutral zone and a Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone.

Kuwait was not permitted any role in the outcome of the Uqair agreement when the Saudis and British decided Kuwait's modern boundaries. Kuwait lost more than two thirds of its territory as a result of the agreement, as well as its second largest town, the port of Manifa. The loss of territory made anti-British sentiment grow in Kuwait.