hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Norwegian American
The Norwegian American (NA) is a newspaper that publishes material contributed by writers from Norway and the Norwegian-American community. The Norwegian American is distributed on a monthly basis by mail to thousands of subscribers in the US, Canada and other parts of the world. Prior to May 2016, the paper was distributed on a weekly basis and was known as the Norwegian American Weekly.

NA continues what was once a very strong tradition of Norwegian American newspapers, as detailed by Odd Lovoll in his book Norwegian Newspapers in America: Connecting Norway and the New Land. At their height, Norwegian American newspapers had large local circulations and most of their content was in the Norwegian language. As such, Norwegian-language newspapers formed part of what was once an important body of non-English language periodicals.

Decorah Posten
Decorah-Posten was a notable Norwegian-language newspaper published in Decorah, Iowa. It was founded in 1874 by Brynild Anundsen, a native of Skien, Norway, and widely read by Scandinavian immigrants in several states.
Kahama Urban District
Kahama Urban District is one of the five districts of the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania. Its administrative centre is the town of Kahama. It is bordered to the north and south by Kahama Rural District, to the east by Nzega District and to the west by Bukombe District.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Kahama Urban District was 453,654.

In 2021 President Magufuli promoted Kahama from a town council to a municipal council.

Kahama Rural District
Kahama Rural District is one of the five districts of the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania. Its administrative centre is the town of Kahama. The district consists of two separate parts, divided by Kahama Urban District. The area to the northeast is Msalala District, while the part to the southwest is Ushetu Council.

According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Kahama Rural District was 523,802.
Don Rosa
Keno Don Hugo Rosa (/ˈkiːnoʊ ˈdɒn ˈhjuːɡoʊ ˈroʊzə/), known as Don Rosa (born June 29, 1951), is an American comic book writer and illustrator known for his comics about Scrooge McDuck and other Disney characters. Many of his stories are built on characters and locations created by Carl Barks.

Rosa created about 90 stories between 1987 and 2006, and in 1995 his 12-chapter work The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck won the Eisner Award for Best Serialized Story.

The Adventures of Captain Kentucky
The Adventures of Captain Kentucky is a weekly comic-strip by Don Rosa, in the local newspaper Louisville Times. It ran from October 6, 1979, to August 15, 1982, after the publication of 150 episodes.

It was a continuation of his earlier comic strip,The Pertwillaby Papers, featuring the main character Lance Pertwillaby. In this sequel, Lance has taken up a job as a newspaper journalist in Louisville, Kentucky, Don Rosa's hometown. Due to toxic waste being dumped into a sewer where Lance was working on a story, he discovers that consuming the toxic waste temporarily grants him superpowers. He salvages a large barrel and keeps a small vial of it on his person for emergencies. The comic often incorporated real events and local celebrities from Louisville and Kentucky as backdrops, or occasionally as supporting characters in storylines.

Also featured was Lance's Basset hound Cleo, based on Don Rosa's own dog of the same name and breed.
Eilenberg–Niven theorem
The Eilenberg–Niven theorem is a theorem that generalizes the fundamental theorem of algebra to quaternionic polynomials; that is, polynomials with quaternion coefficients and variables. It is due to Samuel Eilenberg and Ivan M. Niven.

Fundamental theorem of algebra
The fundamental theorem of algebra, also called d'Alembert's theorem or the d'Alembert–Gauss theorem, states that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root. This includes polynomials with real coefficients, since every real number is a complex number with its imaginary part equal to zero.

Equivalently (by definition), the theorem states that the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed.

The theorem is also stated as follows: every non-zero, single-variable, degree n polynomial with complex coefficients has, counted with multiplicity, exactly n complex roots. The equivalence of the two statements can be proven through the use of successive polynomial division.

Despite its name, it is not fundamental for modern algebra; it was named when algebra was synonymous with the theory of equations. Additionally, the theorem cannot be proven in Algebra;  higher-level mathematics is required to prove the theorem.
Men in Black (1934 film)
Men in Black  is a 1934 short subject directed by Raymond McCarey starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Jerry Howard). It is the third entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 short subjects for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Men in Black is the only Stooge film ever nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Subject - Comedy.

The Three Stooges (video game)
The Three Stooges is a video game released by Cinemaware in 1987 for the Amiga based on the comedy trio of the same name. Players control Stooges Moe, Larry, and Curly in minigames based on Stooges films with the aim of raising enough money to save an orphanage. It was ported to the Apple IIGS, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, NES and Game Boy Advance. The game has been praised as a faithful adaptation of the Stooges films, but has been criticized for repetitive gameplay and limited replay value.

A remake was released for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh.
Mozgovitsa Glacier
Mozgovitsa Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Мозговица, romanized: lednik Mozgovitsa, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈmɔzɡovit͡sɐ]) is the 10 km long in southeast-northwest direction and 2.5 km wide glacier on the northwest side of Rouen Mountains in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It is situated north-northwest of Frachat Glacier and north-northeast of Russian Gap. The glacier drains the north slopes of Pimpirev Peak, flows northwestwards between Senouque Spurs, leaves Rouen Mountains and joins Bongrain Ice Piedmont. The vicinity was visited on 6 and 7 January 1988, by the geological survey team of Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov (First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition), and Philip Nell and Peter Marquis (British Antarctic Survey).

The feature is named after Mozgovitsa River in Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria.

Pimpirev Peak
Pimpirev Peak (Bulgarian: Пимпирев връх, romanized: Pimpirev vrah, IPA: [pimˈpirɛv ˈvrɤx]) is the ice-covered peak rising to 2565 m on the west side of Rouen Mountains in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It surmounts Frachat Glacier to the southeast, Russian Gap to the west and Mozgovitsa Glacier to the north-northwest.  The peak was visited on 7 January 1988 by the geologists Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov during the First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition.

The feature was named "after the Bulgarian scientist Christo Pimpirev, doyen and leader of the national Antarctic programme."
New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.

Farah Palmer Cup
The Farah Palmer Cup (formerly known as Women's Provincial Championship until 2016), is the highest level domestic women's rugby union competition in New Zealand and is named after the former Black Ferns captain, Farah Palmer. It is held annually from early July to mid September and managed by the New Zealand Rugby Union, or NZRU. The competition was first introduced in 1999, with a total of fourteen teams competing initially. The number of teams increased to eighteen in the year 2000, but has decreased to as few as six teams, with 13 currently featured. Canterbury are the current holders of the JJ Stewart Trophy, the women's equivalent of the Ranfurly Shield. The Farah Palmer Cup is an amateur competition; players are not paid salaries and hold jobs outside of rugby. The competition was previously played under such names as the Women's National Provincial Championship, the Lion Foundation Cup, the Women's Championship, and the Women's Competition.
Ubaydullah Hussain
Arslan Ubaydullah Maroof Hussain (born 1985) is a Norwegian former spokesperson of the Salafi-jihadist group Profetens Ummah. He has been arrested since December 2015, convicted for recruitment of jihadist foreign fighters, and for membership of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).

Profetens Ummah
Profetens Ummah ("The Prophet's Ummah", Arabic: أمة النبي) was a Salafi-jihadist Islamist organisation based in Norway. During its emergence in late 2011, the group has become notorious for its vocal demonstrations, as well as statements praising Islamic terrorism.

Several Norwegian politicians and commentators have condemned the group for its anti-democratic and violent message. Originally inspired by late Al-Qaeda ideologue Anwar al-Awlaki, Profetens Ummah has later pledged support for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Several Norwegian foreign fighters for ISIL in the Syrian Civil War have a background of involvement with the group.
Sehested Cabinet
After Hugo Egmont Hørring's resignation as Council President, Hannibal Sehested of the conservative party Højre became the leader of the new cabinet, which replaced the Cabinet of Hørring. It consisted entirely of members of the party Højre, was formed on 27 April 1900 and was called the Cabinet of Sehested.

The cabinet was replaced by the Cabinet of Deuntzer on 24 July 1901.

Hørring cabinet
The Hørring cabinet was formed on 7 August 1897 and consisted entirely of members of the party Højre. It was created following Tage Reedtz-Thott's resignation as Council President, when Hugo Egmont Hørring of the conservative party Højre became the leader of the new Danish cabinet, replacing the cabinet of Reedtz-Thott.

The cabinet was replaced by the Sehested cabinet on 27 April 1900.
Fontana Pretoria
The Praetorian Fountain (Italian: Fontana Pretoria) is a monumental fountain located in Piazza Pretoria in the historic center of Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy. The fountain dominates the piazza on the west flank of the church of Santa Caterina, and is one block south of the intersection of the Quattro Canti. The fountain was originally built in 1544 in Florence by Francesco Camilliani, but was sold, transferred, and reassembled in Palermo in 1574.

Piazza Pretoria
Piazza Pretoria is at the limits of the district of Kalsa, near the corner of Cassaro with Via Maqueda, just a few meters from the Quattro Canti, the intersection where all the four ancient quarters intersect, in the city of Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy.
White-Meyer House
The White-Meyer House is a historic mansion in Washington, D.C.'s Meridian Hill neighborhood of Northwest D.C. Designed by renowned American architect John Russell Pope, the residence was originally commissioned by diplomat Henry White.

The property's notable ownership history includes

Rental to financier/ publisher Eugene Meyer, later purchaser in 1934.

Acquisition by the Meridian International Center nonprofit  in 1987.

Meridian Hill
Meridian Hill is a small urban neighborhood in Washington, D.C., located in Northwest D.C. Meridian Hill is often considered to be a part of the larger neighborhoods of Adams Morgan and Columbia Heights, which it sits between. The neighborhood is primarily residential, though it also hosts a number of diplomatic missions and embassies.

Meridian Hill was developed as part of the City Beautiful movement in the late 19th century, when socialite Mary Foote Henderson embarked on a major initiative to turn Meridian Hill into the city's most prestigious area. While the neighborhood lured many prominent figures to build mansions and embassies, Henderson did not achieve her goal of building a new Presidential Mansion on the central area of the hill, which was eventually developed into Meridian Hill Park.
FC Struga
FC Struga Trim-Lum (Macedonian: ФК Струга Трим-Лум, Latin: KF Struga Trim-Lum) is a professional football club based in Struga, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the Macedonian First League.

2023–24 Macedonian First Football League
The 2023–24 Macedonian First League was the 32nd season of the Macedonian First Football League, the highest football league of North Macedonia. It began on 6 August 2023 and ended on 18 May 2024. Struga were the defending champions, having won their first title in 2022–23.

The winners (Struga, their second consecutive title win) qualified for the Champions League first qualifying round. The second-placed team (Shkendija) and 2023–24 Macedonian Football Cup winners (Tikvesh) qualified for the Conference League first qualifying round. The tenth-placed team (Vardar) qualified for the Macedonian First Football League play-off. The bottom two teams (Bregalnica and Makedonija G.P.) were relegated to the 2024–25 Macedonian Second Football League.
Hofmeister series
The Hofmeister series or lyotropic series is a classification of ions in order of their lyotrophic properties, which is the ability to salt out or salt in proteins. The effects of these changes were first worked out by Franz Hofmeister, who studied the effects of cations and anions on the solubility of proteins.

Kosmotropic
Co-solvents (in water solvent) are defined as kosmotropic (order-making) if they contribute to the stability and structure of water-water interactions. In contrast, chaotropic (disorder-making) agents have the opposite effect, disrupting water structure, increasing the solubility of nonpolar solvent particles, and destabilizing solute aggregates. Kosmotropes cause water molecules to favorably interact, which in effect stabilizes intramolecular interactions in macromolecules such as proteins.
Sarrusophone
The sarrusophones are a family of metal double reed conical bore woodwind instruments patented and first manufactured by French instrument maker Pierre-Louis Gautrot in 1856. Gautrot named the sarrusophone after French bandmaster Pierre-Auguste Sarrus (1813–1876), whom he credited with the concept of the instrument, though it is not clear whether Sarrus benefited financially. The instruments were intended for military bands, to serve as replacements for oboes and bassoons which at the time lacked the carrying power required for outdoor marching music. Although originally designed as double-reed instruments, single-reed mouthpieces were later developed for use with the larger bass and contrabass sarrusophones.

Symphony in B minor (Paderewski)
The Symphony in B minor "Polonia", Op. 24, was written by Ignacy Jan Paderewski between 1903 and 1908. It was first publicly performed in 1909. Despite living for another 32 years, this symphony was Paderewski's final major composition; his only subsequent work was a hymn for male chorus in 1917. Around 1910, he embarked on a political career that culminated in his appointment as the first Prime Minister of independent Poland and his role in signing the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Paderewski later resumed his career as a distinguished pianist.
Ashot Msaker
Ashot IV Bagratuni (Armenian: Աշոտ Դ Բագրատունի), better known as Ashot Msaker (Armenian: Աշոտ Մսակեր, "Ashot the Meat Eater / the Carnivorous"), reputedly for his refusal to refrain from eating meat during Lent, was an Armenian prince from the Bagratid family. A fugitive from the failed uprising in 775 against Arab rule in Armenia, where his father was killed, over the next decades he gradually expanded his domains and established a predominant role for himself in the country's affairs, becoming recognized by the Abbasid Caliphate as presiding prince of Armenia from 806 until his death in 826.

Bagratuni dynasty
The Bagratuni or Bagratid dynasty (Armenian: Բագրատունի, Armenian pronunciation: [bagɾatuni]) was an Armenian royal dynasty which ruled the medieval Kingdom of Armenia from c. 885 until 1045. Originating as vassals of the Kingdom of Armenia of antiquity, they rose to become the most prominent Armenian noble family during the period of Arab rule in Armenia, eventually establishing their own independent kingdom. Their domain included regions of Armenia such as Shirak, Bagrevand, Kogovit, Syunik, Lori, Vaspurakan, Vanand and Taron. Many historians, such as Cyril Toumanoff, Nicholas Adontz and Ronald Suny, consider them to be the progenitors of the Georgian royal Bagrationi dynasty.
Bukkulla, New South Wales
Bukkulla is a hamlet about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Inverell and north-east of Bannockburn on the Ashford Road. This hamlet is within the boundaries of Arrawatta County and Inverell Shire, New South Wales, Australia. The village is at an elevation of about 580 metres. In the 2006 census, there were 145 persons usually resident in the Bukkulla area.

Inverell Shire
Inverell Shire is a local government area in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia adjacent to the Macintyre River and the Gwydir Highway.

The mayor of Inverell Shire Council is Cr. Kate Dight, who is unaligned with any political party.
Manila Davis Talley
Manila Davis Talley (1898–1973) was the first woman from West Virginia to earn a pilot's license. She was a founding member of the Betsy Ross Air Corps, a private female auxiliary for the Army Air Corps, and the third woman to complete training at the Air Force War College.

Betsy Ross Air Corps
The Betsy Ross Air Corps (1931–1933) was a pre–World War II organization of female pilots formed to support the Army Air Corps and to be of service in times of emergency. Founded during the Great Depression by aviator Opal Kunz and named after Revolutionary War hero Betsy Ross, the short-lived corps was never formally recognized by the U.S. military.
Robbie Farah
Robert Peter Farah (Arabic: روبي فرح) (born 23 January 1984) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. An Australian international, Lebanese international and captain of New South Wales Blues team, he has played the majority of his professional career with the Wests Tigers, with whom he won the 2005 NRL Premiership. Between 2006 and 2012, Farah played for City in six City vs Country representative games, captaining the team from 2009 onwards. He played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs during the 2017 and 2018 National Rugby League seasons.

2007 Dally M Awards
The 2007 Dally M Awards were presented on Tuesday 4 September 2007 at the Sydney Town Hall in Sydney and broadcast on Fox Sports. Warren Smith presided as Master of Ceremonies a role which he had held in previous years.
Battle of Stony Point
41°14′28″N 73°58′26″W﻿ / ﻿41.241°N 73.974°W﻿ / 41.241; -73.974

The Battle of Stony Point took place on July 16, 1779, during the American Revolutionary War. In a well-planned and -executed nighttime attack, a highly trained select group of George Washington's Continental Army troops under the command of Brigadier General "Mad Anthony" Wayne defeated British troops in a quick and daring assault on their outpost in Stony Point, New York, located in present day Rockland County, approximately 30 mi (48 km) north of New York City.

The British suffered heavy losses in a battle that served as an important victory in terms of morale for the Continental Army. While the fort was ordered evacuated quickly after the battle by General Washington, this key crossing site was used later in the war by units of the Continental Army to cross the Hudson River during the final stages of the war.

Battle of Paoli
The Battle of Paoli, also known as the Battle of Paoli Tavern or the Paoli Massacre, was a battle in the Philadelphia campaign of the American Revolutionary War fought on September 20, 1777, in the area surrounding present-day Malvern, Pennsylvania. Following the Continental Army's retreat in the Battle of Brandywine and the aborted Battle of the Clouds, George Washington left a force behind under the command of Brigadier General Anthony Wayne to monitor and resist the British as they prepared to attack and occupy the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia.

On the evening of September 20, British forces under Major General Charles Grey led a surprise attack on Wayne's encampment near the Paoli Tavern in present-day Malvern, resulting in many American casualties. Due to American propagandists making false claims that the British gave no quarter to Wayne's troops, the engagement came to be known in the United States as the "Paoli Massacre."
John Malcolm Forbes
John Malcolm Forbes (1845 – February 19, 1904) was an American businessman and sportsman. He was born in Milton, Massachusetts in 1847 into the wealthy Forbes family of Boston, with his father being John Murray Forbes. He was a yachtsman and breeder of Standardbred horses.

John Murray Forbes
John Murray Forbes (February 23, 1813 – October 12, 1898) was an American railroad magnate, merchant, opium merchant, philanthropist and abolitionist. He was president of both the Michigan Central railroad and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad in the 1850s. He kept doing business with Russell & Company.
Canon AE-1 Program
The Canon AE-1 Program is a 35 mm single-lens reflex camera that uses Canon's FD mount lenses manufactured by Canon Camera K. K. (today Canon Incorporated) in Japan and introduced in April 1981 as the successor to the Canon AE-1, five years after that camera's introduction.  The major difference was the addition of the Program AE mode first seen in the A-1.  This mode sets both the shutter speed and aperture automatically—albeit with a slight bias towards the shutter speed setting. The user focuses the camera and then presses the shutter button.  For those desiring more control, the AE-1's shutter priority auto-exposure and full manual modes are still available.

Canon FD lens mount
The Canon FD lens mount is a physical standard for connecting a photographic lens to a 35mm single-lens reflex camera body.  The standard was developed by Canon of Japan and was introduced in March 1971 with the Canon F-1 camera. It served as the Canon SLR interchangeable lens mounting system until the 1987 introduction of the Canon EOS series cameras, which use the newer EF lens mount.  The FD mount lingered through the release of the 1990 Canon T60, the last camera introduced in the FD system, and the end of the Canon New F-1 product cycle in 1992.