hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sweeden, Kentucky
Sweeden is an unincorporated community in north-central Edmonson County, Kentucky, United States. The population of Sweeden's ZCTA was 171 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Bowling Green, Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area. The ZIP Code for Sweeden is 42285.

Bowling Green metropolitan area, Kentucky
The Bowling Green Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of four counties in Kentucky, anchored by the city of Bowling Green. As of 2014, the MSA had an estimated population of 165,732.
Ubud Writers & Readers Festival
Ubud Writers & Readers Festival (UWRF) is an annual four-day literary festival held every October in Ubud on the island of Bali, Indonesia. Established in 2004, it is considered Southeast Asia’s biggest and most meaningful literary Festival. It hosts up to 170 writers and artists from all corners of the world. Discussions on cultural, literary and political issues are held alongside book launches, film premieres, long-table lunches, workshops, readings, live music, village walks and performances. It is organised by the not-for-profit foundation Yayasan Mudra Swari Saraswati.

Laksmi De-Neefe Suardana
Laksmi Shari De-Neefe Suardana (Balinese: ᬮᬓ᭄ᬱ᭄ᬫᬶᬰᬭᬶᬤᬾᬦᬾᬏᬧ᬴ᬾᬲᬸᬯᬃᬤᬦ), simply known as Laksmi De-Neefe Suardana, is an Australian-born Indonesian fashion designer, author, UNICEF activist, 2022 G20 Ambassador, co-founder of Ubud Writers and Readers Festival, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Puteri Indonesia 2022. Suardana is the first representative from Bali to be crowned Puteri Indonesia. She represented Indonesia at Miss Universe 2022.
Hjelmeland Church
Hjelmeland Church (Norwegian: Hjelmeland kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Hjelmeland Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Hjelmelandsvågen. It is the church for the Hjelmeland parish which is part of the Ryfylke prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1858 using designs by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 500 people.

Hjelmeland
Hjelmelandⓘ is a municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Ryfylke. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hjelmelandsvågen. Other villages in the municipality include Fister, Årdal, and Jøsenfjorden.

Hjelmeland is known for its fruit (apples, pears, plums, cherries and strawberries) and fish production. Salmon has been important for the fish industry in Hjelmeland for a couple of decades, but white fish such as cod and halibut has increased its value in the latter years.

The 1,068-square-kilometre (412 sq mi) municipality is the 105th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Hjelmeland is the 247th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,619. The municipality's population density is 2.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Oyamada Nobushige
Oyamada Nobushige (小山田 信茂, 1545 – April 16, 1582) was a Japanese samurai general in the Takeda army under Takeda Shingen, and later under Takeda Katsuyori. He was known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen".

He was also lord of Iwadono Castle, and fought under the Takeda at the battles of Kawanakajima (1561), Mikatagahara (1573), Nagashino (1575) and Tenmokuzan (1582).

Oyamada betrayed Takeda Katsuyori in 1582, after Katsuyori's defeat at the Battle of Tenmokuzan; however, when he went to the Oda clan camp, he was executed by Oda Nobunaga's officer Horio Yoshiharu.

Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen
The Twenty-Four Generals (武田二十四将, Takeda Nijūshi-shō) were just one of many historically famous groupings of battle commanders from Japan's Sengoku Period. These Twenty-Four were the most trusted companions of Takeda Shingen. A third of them died at the famous Battle of Nagashino in 1575 when they led the Takeda forces against Oda Nobunaga. When Takeda Katsuyori committed suicide in 1582, declaring the end of the Takeda clan, only three of them were still serving under the Takeda.
Mizonokuchi Station
Mizonokuchi Station (溝の口駅, Mizonokuchi-eki) is a junction passenger railway station located in Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tokyu Corporation.

Musashi-Mizonokuchi Station
Musashi-Mizonokuchi Station (武蔵溝ノ口駅, Musashi-Mizonokuchi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Coleman Coliseum
Coleman Coliseum is a 15,383-seat multi-purpose arena in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, on the campus of the University of Alabama. It is the current home of the Alabama Crimson Tide men's and women's basketball and women's gymnastics teams, and previously served as the home of the women's volleyball program.  Opened in 1968 as Memorial Coliseum as a replacement for Foster Auditorium (the current name was adopted in 1988), the coliseum is located at the center of the University of Alabama's athletic complex, which also includes Sewell-Thomas Stadium, Sam Bailey Track & Field Stadium, the Hank Crisp Indoor Facility, the Mal M. Moore Athletic Facility and the football building and practice fields.

In addition to its primary duties as an athletic facility, the coliseum has on numerous occasions served as a venue for artistic performances, musical concerts, and presidential appearances.

Sewell–Thomas Stadium
Sewell–Thomas Stadium is a baseball stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. It is the home field of the University of Alabama Crimson Tide college baseball team. The stadium opened in 1948 and the current seating capacity is 8,500. The stadium is commonly referred to as "The Joe".

Coleman Coliseum, the home to Crimson Tide basketball, is located beyond the right field fence. Sewell–Thomas sits across Paul W. Bryant Drive (formerly 10th Street) from the Bryant Museum and Conference Center.
Helen Pankhurst
Helen Sylvia Pankhurst CBE (born 1964) is a British women's rights activist, scholar and writer. She is currently CARE International's senior advisor working in the United Kingdom and Ethiopia. She is the great-granddaughter of Emmeline Pankhurst and granddaughter of Sylvia Pankhurst, who were both leaders in the suffragette movement. In 2018, Pankhurst convened Centenary Action, a cross-party coalition of over 100 activists, politicians and women's rights organisations campaigning to end barriers to women's political participation.

Rita Pankhurst
Rita Pankhurst (née Eldon; 1927 – 30 May 2019) was a Romanian-born, Oxford and Paris educated, linguist, reporter and librarian in Ethiopia and in the United Kingdom. She was a director of the Haile Selassie I University library until 1976. She returned to the UK and she the oversaw the acquisition of the Fawcett Library. After being at the centre of the Ethiopian administration she and her husband published their joint auto-biography.
Khaneh Shur Rural District
Khaneh Shur Rural District (Persian: دهستان خانه شور) is in the Central District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Negareh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Deh-e Sheykh.

Deh-e Sheykh, Salas-e Babajani
Deh-e Sheykh (Persian: ده شيخ) is a village in, and the former capital of, Khaneh Shur Rural District of the Central District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah province, Iran. The capital of the rural district has been transferred to the village of Negareh.
Crab Champions
Crab Champions is an upcoming looter shooter video game developed and published by Noisestorm for Windows. The game is based on Noisestorm's hit song titled "Crab Rave", which featured a 3D animated music video of dancing crabs. The song quickly grew viral upon its release, garnering millions of views on YouTube, and millions more plays across all music streaming platforms. The game was first announced on 1 April 2019, one year after the song was released, and became available on Steam as Early Access on 1 April 2023, five years after the song made its debut.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Group of Soviet Forces in Germany
The Western Group of Forces (WGF), previously known as the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (GSOFG) and the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG) were the troops of the Soviet Army in East Germany. The Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany was formed after the end of World War II in Europe from units of the 1st and 2nd Belorussian Fronts. The group helped suppress the East German uprising of 1953. After the end of occupation functions in 1954 the group was renamed the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. The group represented Soviet interests in East Germany during the Cold War. Before changes in Soviet foreign policy during the early 1990s, the group shifted to a more offensive role and in 1989 became the Western Group of Forces. They remained in the eastern part of Germany after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification until 1994.

11th Guards Berlin-Carpathian Mechanized Brigade
The 11th Guards Mechanized Brigade is a unit of the Armed Forces of Belarus based in Slonim. The 11th Guards Brigade traces its history back to the 1942 formation of the 6th Tank Corps of the Soviet Army during World War II.
Naga languages
The Naga languages are a geographic and ethnic grouping of Tibeto-Burman, spoken mostly by Naga peoples.

Northern Naga languages do not fall within the group, in spite of being spoken by Naga groups; instead, these form part of the Sal languages within Sino-Tibetan, while Southern Naga languages form a branch within Kuki-Chin languages subfamily.

Tangkhulic languages
The Tangkhulic and Tangkhul languages are a group of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken mostly in northeastern Manipur, India. Conventionally classified as "Naga," they are not clearly related to other Naga languages, and (with Maringic) are conservatively classified as an independent Tangkhul–Maring branch of Tibeto-Burman, pending further research.

The Maringic languages appear to be closely related to the Tangkhulic family, but not part of it.
Goumoens-la-Ville
Goumoens-la-Ville is a former municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Éclagnens, Goumoens-la-Ville and Goumoens-le-Jux merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Goumoëns.

Goumoens-le-Jux
Goumoens-le-Jux is a former municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Éclagnens, Goumoens-la-Ville and Goumoens-le-Jux merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Goumoëns.
Dress-up
Dress-up is a children's game in which costumes or clothing are put on a person or on a doll, for role-playing or aesthetics purposes. In the UK the game is called dressing up. In the mid-1990s, dress-up games also became a video game genre in which customizing a virtual character's appearance is the primary focus.

Paper doll
Paper dolls are figures cut out of paper or thin card with separate clothes, also made of paper, that are usually held onto the dolls by paper folding tabs. They may be a figure of a person, animal or inanimate object.

Paper dolls have been used for advertising, appearing in magazines and newspapers, and covering a variety of subjects and time periods. Over the years, they have been used to reinforce cultural beliefs regarding the appearance of ideal women.

Some flat plastic figures are similar to paper dolls, like Colorforms figures and Flatsy dolls, but these are imitations and not considered characteristic of the paper doll art form.
Qarah Qeshlaq, Salmas
Qarah Qeshlaq (Persian: قره قشلاق) is a village in, and the capital of, Lakestan Rural District in the Central District of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Soltan Ahmad.

Soltan Ahmad
Soltan Ahmad (Persian: سلطان احمد)  is a village in, and the former capital of, Lakestan Rural District in the Central District of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The capital of the rural district has been transferred to the village of Qarah Qeshlaq.
Occupancy Permits Act
The Occupancy Permits Act was passed on March 4, 1915, by the 63rd United States Congress. It allowed the U.S. Forest Service to issue to cabin permits at "reasonable rates" to individuals who had had their property taken through eminent domain. Permits could be issued for periods of up to 30 years.  Individuals were encouraged to build homes within the boundaries of national parks in order to widen the Forest Services' work in recreational management. It is the basis of the USFS Recreation Residences program.

63rd United States Congress
The 63rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1913, to March 4, 1915, during the first two years of Woodrow Wilson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.

The Democrats had greatly increased their majority in the House, and won control of the Senate, giving them full control of Congress for the first time since the 53rd Congress in 1893.  With Woodrow Wilson being sworn in as president on March 4, 1913, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta - also for the first time since the 53rd Congress.
Mataruška Banja
Mataruška Banja (Serbian Cyrillic: Матарушка Бања) is a spa town located in the City of Kraljevo, Central Serbia. It is located at the Ibar river, 9 km from Kraljevo. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 2,950 inhabitants.

Kraljevo
Kraljevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Краљево, pronounced [krǎːʎɛʋɔ] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of the Raška District in central Serbia. It is situated on the confluence of West Morava and Ibar, in the geographical region of Šumadija, between the mountains of Kotlenik in the north, and Stolovi in the south.

In 2022, the city urban area has a population of 57,432 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 110,196 inhabitants. With an area of 1530 km2, it is the largest municipality (after Belgrade) in Serbia by area.
Nasim Ali
Nasim "Nash" Ali (Bengali: নাসিম আলী; born 7 February 1969) is a British Labour Party politician, councillor for Regent's Park, former Cabinet Member for Young People in Camden Council and former Mayor of Camden. In May 2003, at the age of 34, after being elected Mayor of Camden, he became the UK's youngest mayor, as well as the first Bangladeshi and first Muslim mayor.

Regent High School
Regent High School (RHS), formerly South Camden Community School (SCCS; 1993 to 2012) and Sir William Collins Secondary School (1951 to 1993), is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Somers Town, in the London Borough of Camden, England.

The name was last changed in an attempt to shed what staff feared was a "negative perception" of the school rooted in its past. The school had a rebuilding and refurbishment programme from 2011 to 2013. The school's accreditations include Healthy Schools, Sportmark, Leading Parent Partnership award and International Schools status.
Minister of Defence (Italy)
The minister of defence (Italian: ministro della difesa) is a senior member of the Italian Cabinet who leads the Ministry of Defence. The minister is responsible for military and civil defence matters and managing the Italian Armed Forces.

The first minister of war was Manfredo Fanti, a general of the Royal Italian Army, while the first minister of defence was Luigi Gasparotto, member of the Labour Democratic Party; the current office holder is Guido Crosetto, of the Brothers of Italy party, who has been acting as defence minister since 22 October 2022.

Guido Crosetto
Guido Crosetto (born 19 September 1963) is an Italian politician and businessman who is the Minister of Defence since 22 October 2022. Crosetto began his political career in Christian Democracy (DC). He was mainly involved in the local politics of Piedmont. From 1990 to 2004, he was mayor of Marene. In 2000, he joined Forza Italia (FI). His rise in national politics began with his election to the Chamber of Deputies in 2001, a position he held until 2013 and from 2018 to 2019.

In 2009, Crosetto joined The People of Freedom (PdL) and served as an undersecretary at the Ministry of Defence in the fourth Berlusconi government from 2008 to 2011. In 2012, Crosetto was among the founders (alongside Giorgia Meloni and Ignazio La Russa) of Brothers of Italy (FdI), of which he served as national coordinator from 2013 to 2014 and from 2018 to 2019, representing its moderate wing. In 2022, he became Minister of Defence in the Meloni government.
Dalziel Park
Dalziel Park is an area located between the villages of Carfin, Cleland and Newarthill in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Other nearby settlements include the large town of Motherwell and the new town of Ravenscraig. The area consists of a residential estate, a sports facility, a golf course and a clubhouse. It is also used as the home venue for the local rugby team Dalziel, as well as the training ground for the local professional football team Motherwell.

Newarthill
Newarthill is a village in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, situated roughly three miles north-east of the town of Motherwell. It has a population of around 6,200. Most local amenities are shared with the adjacent villages of Carfin, Holytown and New Stevenston which have a combined population of around 20,000 across the four localities.
Le drapeau belge
Le drapeau belge (French pronunciation: [lə dʁapo bɛlʒ], "The Belgian Flag") is a recitation with orchestral accompaniment written by the English composer Edward Elgar as his Op. 79, in 1917.  The words are by the Belgian poet  Émile Cammaerts. The poem reflects on the wartime meaning of the colours of the Belgian flag.

It was first performed at the birthday concert for King Albert I in the Queen's Hall, London, on 14 April 1917, with the recitation by Belgian dramatic performer Carlo Liten, and the orchestra conducted by Hamilton Harty.

On 15 August 1918, Le drapeau belge and Carillon were performed with success at a popular concert in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, with the recitations by Carlo Liten.

Carillon (Elgar)
Carillon is a recitation with orchestral accompaniment written by the English composer Edward Elgar as his Op. 75, in 1914. The words are by the Belgian poet Émile Cammaerts.

It was first performed in the Queen's Hall, London, on 7 December 1914, with the recitation by Cammaerts' wife Tita Brand, and the orchestra conducted by the composer.

The work was performed in January 1915 at the London Coliseum with Henry Ainley, and at Harrogate on 28 August 1915, with the soprano the Hon. Mrs. Julian Clifford and a military band. The band arrangement was by Percy Fletcher.

On 15 August 1918, Carillon and Le drapeau belge were performed with success at a popular concert in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, with the recitations by the Belgian dramatic artist Carlo Liten.
Massachusetts Route 147
Route 147 is a 4.23-mile-long (6.81 km) east–west state highway in Massachusetts. It runs from Agawam east to U.S. Route 5 (US 5) in West Springfield. It follows the easternmost few miles of the former route of Route 57 before it was moved onto a freeway a mile south, the Henry E. Bodurtha Highway, completed in 1966.

Massachusetts Route 57
Route 57 is a 45.42-mile-long (73.10 km) east–west Massachusetts state route that runs from Monterey to Agawam.  The eastern 5.0 miles (8.1 km) in Agawam is a freeway that runs from Route 187 to the route's eastern terminus at U.S. Route 5.
Ousmane Sembène
Ousmane Sembène (French: [usman sɑ̃bɛn]; 1 January 1923 or 8 January 1923 – 9 June 2007), was a Senegalese film director, producer and writer. The Los Angeles Times considered him one of the greatest authors of Africa and he has often been called the "father of African film".

He was often credited for his work in the French style as Sembène Ousmane, which he seemed to favor as a way to underscore the "colonial imposition" of this naming ritual and subvert it.

Descended from a Serer family through his mother from the line of Matar Sène, Ousmane Sembène was particularly drawn to Serer religious festivals. He especially was intrigued by the Tuur festival.

Dakar–Niger Railway
The Dakar–Niger Railway (French: Chemin de fer Dakar-Niger) connects Dakar, Senegal to Koulikoro, Mali. The name refers to the Niger River, not the Republic of Niger. It serves many cities in Senegal, including Thiès, and in Mali, including Kayes, Kita, Kati, Bamako. The line covers a course of 1,287 km of which 641 km lies in Mali.

There have been no international passenger trains in operation since 2010. A scheduled passenger service between Kayes and Bamoko (both in Mali) restarted in 2023.
Shiroyama Park
Shiroyama Park (城山公園, Shiroyama Kōen) is a public park located in Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. In 1873, the park was established in the mountainous area around the ruins of Takayama Castle. The park's name means "castle mountain."

Takayama Castle
Takayama Castle (高山城, Takayama-jō) was a Japanese castle located in the city of Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The castle was built on a mountain nearly 687 m (2,254 ft) in height and had many typical castle features, including a stone base, earthen walls and a surrounding moat.
Compile-time function execution
In computing, compile-time function execution (or compile-time function evaluation, or general constant expressions) is the ability of a compiler, that would normally compile a function to machine code and execute it at run time, to execute the function at compile time. This is possible if the arguments to the function are known at compile time, and the function does not make any reference to or attempt to modify any global state (i.e. it is a pure function).

If the value of only some of the arguments are known, the compiler may still be able to perform some level of compile-time function execution (partial evaluation), possibly producing more optimized code than if no arguments were known.

Partial evaluation
In computing, partial evaluation is a technique for several different types of program optimization by specialization. The most straightforward application is to produce new programs that run faster than the originals while being guaranteed to behave in the same way.

A computer program  is seen as a mapping of input data into output data:

where , the static data, is the part of the input data known at compile time.

The partial evaluator transforms  into  by precomputing all static input at compile time.  is called the "residual program" and should run more efficiently than the original program. The act of partial evaluation is said to "residualize"  to .