hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Perfidia (novel)
Perfidia is a historical romance and crime fiction novel by American author James Ellroy. Published in 2014, it is the first novel in the second L.A. Quartet, referring to his four prior novels from the first L.A. Quartet. Perfidia was released September 9, 2014. A Waterstones exclusive limited edition of Perfidia was released September 11, 2014, and includes an essay by Ellroy himself titled "Ellroy's History – Then and Now." The title, Perfidia, is Italian for the word perfidy, (see also perfidia) and is also the name of the big band song, Perfidia.

James E. Davis (Los Angeles police officer)
James Edgar Davis (February 8, 1889 – June 20, 1949) was an American police officer who served as the chief of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) from 1926 to 1929, and from 1933 to 1939. During his first term as LAPD chief, Davis emphasized firearms training. Under Davis, the LAPD developed its lasting reputation as an organization that relied on brute force to enforce public order. It also became publicly entangled in corruption. Members of the LAPD were revealed to have undertaken a campaign of brutal harassment, including the bombings of political reformers who had incurred the wrath of the department and the civic administration.

Under Chief Davis, civil service reforms were implemented in the City Charter via the ballot initiative process, which insulated the police department from political influence.
Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine House (Boucherville)
45°35′41″N 73°26′37″W﻿ / ﻿45.59480°N 73.44350°W﻿ / 45.59480; -73.44350

The Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine House is an 18th-century French-Canadian style residence built in 1766, now preserved as a municipal heritage museum in Boucherville, Quebec.

Boucherville
Boucherville (French pronunciation: [buʃɛʁvil] ⓘ) is a city in the Montérégie region in Quebec, Canada. It is a suburb of Montreal on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River.

Boucherville is part of both the urban agglomeration of Longueuil and the Montreal Metropolitan Community regional government.
YPG–FSA relations
Relations between the People's Protection Units (YPG) and the Free Syrian Army (FSA) are unclear and varied among the different FSA factions. Both are opposed to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. However, several clashes between the two have taken place. Under pressure from the United States (who has assisted both), some FSA groups coordinate with the YPG to battle ISIL under the name of the Syrian Democratic Forces, although some other FSA groups remained in conflict with the YPG and the SDF, including FSA groups in the SDF.

Northern Democratic Brigade
The Northern Democratic Brigade (Arabic: لواء الشمال الديمقراطي, romanized: Liwa al-Shamal al-Democrati) is a Free Syrian Army unit that is closely allied to the Syrian Kurdish YPG and YPJ in Afrin Region since 2014. Led by Absi Taha, Alexander Khalil, and Alexander Alaa, it also joined the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in November 2015. The initial members of the group originated from Jabal Zawiya in Idlib, and it has recruited Arabs from Idlib, Aleppo, and other cities in northern Syria since allying with the YPG. Since joining the SDF, the unit has begun to operate across much of northern and eastern Syria, participating in operations against anti-SDF Syrian opposition factions, the Islamic State, the Turkish Armed Forces, and the Syrian National Army.
Ed Widseth
Edwin Clarence Widseth (January 5, 1910 – December 3, 1998) was an American professional football player who was a tackle for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) for four seasons.  He played college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team of the University of Minnesota, where he was a consensus All-American in 1935 and 1936.  Widseth was drafted by the New York Giants in the first round of the 1937 NFL draft, and was chosen for the Pro Bowl in 1938.  He was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

University of Minnesota Crookston
The University of Minnesota Crookston (UMN–Crookston) is a public college in Crookston, Minnesota, United States. One of five campuses in the University of Minnesota system, UMN Crookston had a fall 2022 enrollment of 1,489 undergraduate students. Students come from 20 countries and 40 states.

Located on the northern edge of Crookston, Minnesota, off U.S. Highway 2, the 108-acre (44 ha) campus (237 acres (96 ha) including research plots of the Northwest Research and Outreach Center) is situated in the Red River Valley, the center of a large agricultural region. The region is the transition point from the forested areas of the east to the great plains of the Dakotas.
March Route of Rochambeau's Army: Scotland Road
The March Route of Rochambeau's Army: Scotland Road is a historic road section in Windham, Connecticut.  Extending along Scotland Road (Connecticut Route 14), from itsintersection with Back Rd. to 80 Scotland Road in, it is an evocative portion of the historic march route of the French Army under the  Comte de Rochambeau in 1781 and 1782 during the American Revolutionary War.  The troops camped beside the road within this segment in 1782.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Windham, Connecticut
Windham (/ˈwɪndəm/ WIN-dəm) is a town in Windham County, Connecticut,  United States. It contains the former city of Willimantic as well as the communities of Windham Center, North Windham, and South Windham. Willimantic, an incorporated city since 1893, was consolidated with the town in 1983. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 24,428 at the 2020 census.
EuroBasket Women 1964
The 1964 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 1964, was the 9th regional championship held by FIBA Europe. The competition was held in Hungary. Soviet Union won the gold medal and Bulgaria the silver medal while Czechoslovakia won the bronze.

EuroBasket Women
EuroBasket Women is a biennial international women's basketball competition held between the nations of FIBA Europe for women's national teams. EuroBasket Women is also used as a qualifying tournament for the FIBA Women's World Cup and also the Olympic Games.
Protepicyon
Protepicyon is an extinct monospecific genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived during the Barstovian stage of the Middle Miocene 16.0—13.6 mya. One of the top predators of its time, it was the probable ancestor of the better known Epicyon, and is known from remains in California and New Mexico.

Borophaginae
The extinct Borophaginae form one of three subfamilies found within the canid family. The other two canid subfamilies are the extinct Hesperocyoninae and extant Caninae. Borophaginae, called "bone-crushing dogs", were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 34—2.5 million years ago, existing for about 31.5 million years.
Allison Park, Pennsylvania
Allison Park is a census-designated place in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is a suburb of Pittsburgh and is located within Hampton, McCandless, Shaler, Indiana and West Deer townships. It had a population of 21,864 at the 2020 census.  The ZIP Code for Allison Park is 15101.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Kouros of Tenea
The grave statue of a youth from Tenea known as the Kouros of Tenea (formerly Apollo of Tenea) is now located in the Glyptothek in Munich, Germany.

The archaic Kouros was created in North-East Peloponnese about 560 BC. The Parian marble statue was discovered in 1846, approximately twenty kilometers South of Ancient Corinth at the site of ancient Tenea. The Kouros was acquired by the Glyptothek in 1853.

Kouros
Kouros (Ancient Greek: κοῦρος, pronounced [kûːros], plural kouroi) is the modern term given to free-standing Ancient Greek sculptures that depict nude male youths. They first appear in the Archaic period in Greece and are prominent in Attica and Boeotia, with a less frequent presence in many other Ancient Greek territories such as Sicily.
Such statues are found across the Greek-speaking world; the preponderance of these were found in sanctuaries of Apollo with more than one hundred from the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoion, Boeotia, alone.
These free-standing sculptures were typically marble, but the form is also rendered in limestone, wood, bronze, ivory and terracotta. They are typically life-sized, though early colossal examples are up to 10 feet/3 metres tall.

The female sculptural counterpart of the kouros is the kore.
Chinese Shadows
Chinese Shadows is a book written by Simon Leys, which is the pseudonym for Belgian Sinologist Pierre Ryckmans. It was originally published in the French language in 1974 under the title Ombres chinoises, and was then translated into English in 1977.  The book is about Leys' six-month stay in China, which he made in 1972.  Leys discusses the cultural and political destruction of the People's Republic of China by Mao Zedong, who was the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party at the time. He wrote under a pseudonym since, like other academics and journalists who refrained from criticizing China, he did not want to be barred from future visits to Beijing (Peking).

Simon Leys
Pierre Ryckmans (28 September 1935 – 11 August 2014), better known by his pen name Simon Leys, was a Belgian-Australian writer, essayist and literary critic, translator, art historian, sinologist, and university professor, who lived in Australia from 1970. His work particularly focused on the politics and traditional culture of China, calligraphy, French and English literature, the commercialization of universities, and nautical fiction. His trilogy Les Habits neufs du président Mao (1971), Ombres chinoises (1974) and Images brisées (1976) denounced the Cultural Revolution in China and the idolizing of Mao in the West.
Aeroprakt
Aeroprakt Ltd. (ТОВ «Аеропракт») is a Ukrainian aircraft manufacturer based in Kyiv and founded in 1991 by Yuri Yakovlev. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of light aircraft, homebuilt aircraft and ultralights in the form of kits for amateur construction and ready-to-fly aircraft.

The company is a "Товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю" a form of limited liability company. It has about 50 employees and operates from a 2,000 m2 (22,000 sq ft) facility.

Aeroprakt A-22 Foxbat
The Aeroprakt A-22 Foxbat is a Ukrainian two-seat, high-wing, tricycle landing gear ultralight aircraft that was designed by Yuri Yakovlev and is manufactured by Aeroprakt. In the United States the A-22 is referred to as the Valor, while in the UK and Australia it is called the Foxbat. It has also been marketed as the Vision.
The Aeroprakt A-22 is supplied either as "ready-to-fly" factory built aircraft, or as a kit, consisting of 152 pieces. The kit can be built in about 500 man-hours.

The A-22 meets the definition of an FAI microlight.

According to Yakovlev, around 1,600 were built as of April 2024. Of these, 100 were sold to Russia before the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Uzo Egonu
Uzo Egonu (Igbo: Ụzọ Egonu pronunciationⓘ; 25 December 1931 – 14 August 1996) was a Nigerian-born artist who settled in Britain in the 1940s, only once returning to his homeland for two days in the 1970s, although he remained concerned with African political struggles.

According to Rasheed Araeen, Egonu was "perhaps the first person from Africa, Asia or the Caribbean to come to Britain after the War with the sole intention of becoming an artist." As critic Molara Wood has written: "Egonu's work merged European and Igbo traditions but more significantly, placed Africa as the touchstone of modernism. In combining the visual languages of Western and African art, he helped redefine the boundaries of modernism, thereby challenging the European myth of the naïve, primitive African artist."

Rasheed Araeen
Rasheed Araeen (Urdu: رشید آرائیں; born 15 June 1935) is a Karachi-born, London-based conceptual artist, sculptor, painter, writer, and curator. He graduated in civil engineering from the NED University of Engineering and Technology in 1962, and has been working as a visual artist bridging life, art and activism since his arrival in London from Pakistan in 1964.
12th Coast Artillery (United States)
The 12th Coast Artillery Regiment was a Coast Artillery regiment in the United States Army, constituted in the Regular Army on 27 February 1924. It served in the Harbor Defenses of the Chesapeake with headquarters at Fort Monroe, Virginia from 1924 to 1932. At that point, the regiment effectively became the 2nd Coast Artillery; on paper the 2nd Coast Artillery was transferred from the Harbor Defenses of Cristobal in the Panama Canal Zone and the 12th was transferred (less personnel and equipment) to that harbor defense. However, the 12th was never activated again, and on 19 June 1944 was disbanded.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps
The U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps (CAC) was an administrative corps responsible for coastal, harbor, and anti-aircraft defense of the United States and its possessions between 1901 and 1950. The CAC also operated heavy and railway artillery during World War I.
Çılbır
Çılbır or Turkish Eggs is a Turkish dish of poached eggs with yogurt (often with garlic mixed in).

There are records of çılbır being eaten by Ottoman sultans as far back as the 15th century. It is now common to serve the dish topped with melted butter infused with Aleppo pepper, for which paprika can be substituted.

In several Balkan countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, the Turkish word çılbır is rendered as čimbur and refers to a dish of fried eggs. Almost identical is the Panagyurski style eggs dish in Bulgaria.

Poached egg
A poached egg is an egg that has been cooked outside the shell by poaching (or sometimes steaming). This method of preparation can yield more delicately cooked eggs than higher temperature methods such as boiling. Poached eggs can be found in several dishes.
Bishop Kaun
Jasper Kange is an American professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Bishop Kaun or Kaun. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is a member of The Demand stable and one-half of the tag team Gates of Agony (GOA).

Tully Blanchard
Tully Arthur Blanchard (born January 22, 1954) is an American-Canadian professional wrestler and manager. He is best known for his appearances with Jim Crockett Promotions and the World Wrestling Federation in the mid-to-late 1980s as a member of The Four Horsemen and the Brain Busters. Championships held by Blanchard over his career include the NWA Television Championship, NWA World Tag Team Championship, WWF World Tag Team Championship, and NWA United States Heavyweight Championship. He was inducted into the NWA Hall of Fame in 2009 and the WWE Hall of Fame in 2012.

Blanchard's father Joe Blanchard was also a professional wrestler, as is his daughter Tessa Blanchard.
Shannon–Hartley theorem
In information theory, the Shannon–Hartley theorem tells the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted over a communications channel of a specified bandwidth in the presence of noise. It is an application of the noisy-channel coding theorem to the archetypal case of a continuous-time analog communications channel subject to Gaussian noise. The theorem establishes Shannon's channel capacity for such a communication link, a bound on the maximum amount of error-free information per time unit that can be transmitted with a specified bandwidth in the presence of the noise interference, assuming that the signal power is bounded, and that the Gaussian noise process is characterized by a known power or power spectral density. The law is named after Claude Shannon and Ralph Hartley.

Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s = 1,000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation bps is often used to replace the standard symbol bit/s, so that, for example, 1 Mbps is used to mean one million bits per second.

In most computing and digital communication environments, one byte per second (symbol: B/s) corresponds to 8 bit/s (1 byte = 8 bits).  However if stop bits, start bits, and parity bits need to be factored in, a higher number of bits per second will be required to achieve a throughput of the same number of bytes.
Indecomposable module
In abstract algebra, a module is indecomposable if it is non-zero and cannot be written as a direct sum of two non-zero submodules.

Indecomposable is a weaker notion than simple module (which is also sometimes called irreducible module):
simple means "no proper submodule" N < M,
while indecomposable "not expressible as N ⊕ P = M".

A direct sum of indecomposables is called completely decomposable; this is weaker than being semisimple, which is a direct sum of simple modules.

A direct sum decomposition of a module into indecomposable modules is called an indecomposable decomposition.

Semisimple module
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, a semisimple module or completely reducible module is a type of module that can be understood easily from its parts.  A ring that is a semisimple module over itself is known as an Artinian semisimple ring.  Some important rings, such as group rings of finite groups over fields of characteristic zero, are semisimple rings.  An Artinian ring is initially understood via its largest semisimple quotient.  The structure of Artinian semisimple rings is well understood by the Artin–Wedderburn theorem, which exhibits these rings as finite direct products of matrix rings.

For a group-theory analog of the same notion, see Semisimple representation.
Pella, Piedmont
Pella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 km (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 45 km (28 mi) northwest of Novara on the Lake Orta. It borders the municipalities of Cesara, Madonna del Sasso, Nonio, Orta San Giulio, Pettenasco, and San Maurizio d'Opaglio.

Nonio
Nonio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Verbania.

Nonio borders the following municipalities: Cesara, Omegna, Pella, Pettenasco, Quarna Sotto, Varallo.
Abraham Aboab
Rav Abraham Aboab (Hebrew: אברהם אבוהב; fl. 1263) was a 13th-century Spanish Jewish aristocrat and founder of the Aboab family. Possibly born in Pelof, Aragon, not much is known of his early life. It seems that Aboab developed a very close relationship with James I of Aragon, who in 1263 gifted Aboab a tower called Altea, with the surrounding dairy farms and all rights and privileges of ownership along with a heraldic achievement "Or, Five mullets placed in saltire gules". This was quite unprecedented for a 13th-century Jew, and demonstrates the tolerant attitude of James I of Aragon. Aboab had one son Isaac Aboab I, who was a notable Talmudic scholar.

Aboab family
The Aboab family (Hebrew: אבוהב, Abuhav; Arabic: ابوآب, Abuwab; Turkish: Abuaf; Slavic: Abuyav) is an old and distinguished Western Sephardic family, originally from Aragon, Spain. The family has produced several notable rabbis, scholars, physicians, and merchants - especially achieving prominence in Amsterdam, Venice and Hamburg. The progenitor of the family is Rav Abraham Aboab, who, in 1263 was given a tower in Altea, Aragon with the surrounding dairy farms along with a heraldic achievement by James I of Aragon. Some have suggested that Aboab is a spelling of the Arabic "Abdelwahab", which means "the benefactor’s servant", while others have stated that it derives from the town of Umm al-Abohav in Tunisia.
Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01
Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01 is a specific strain of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans.

Strain AK-01 was isolated from the Arthur Kill, NJ/NY waterway. This site has a history of contamination from petrochemical industry. AK-01 is a delta-proteobacterium capable of using C13-C18 alkanes as growth substrates (So et al., 1999). Analysis of labeled and fully deuterated metabolites shows that AK-01 activates n-alkanes via fumarate addition to the subterminal carbon using alkylsuccinate synthase. Recent studies have also shown that AK-01 uses sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate as terminal electron acceptors. It has also been shown that AK-01 uses not only alkanes but also 1-alkenes, 1-alkanols, fatty acids and other organic acids as carbon substrates.

Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans
Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans  is an alkene-degrading, sulfate-reducing, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus Desulfatibacillum which has been isolated from oil polluted sediments in France.
Kyries Hebert
Kyries Hebert (/ˈkaɪrɪs ˈeɪbɛr/ KY-riss AI-bair; born October 9, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He was originally signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2002. He played college football at Louisiana-Lafayette. Hebert also played linebacker in the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Ottawa Renegades
The Ottawa Renegades were a Canadian Football League franchise based in Ottawa, Ontario founded in 2002, six years after the storied Ottawa Rough Riders folded. After four seasons, the Renegades franchise was suspended indefinitely by the league due to financial instability, and its players were absorbed by the other teams in a dispersal draft.

After two years in limbo, the Renegades franchise was awarded to Jeff Hunt, best known as the owner of the Ottawa 67's, in March 2008. The new franchise was revived in 2014 and rebranded as the Ottawa Redblacks. For historical purposes, the CFL classifies the Redblacks, Renegades and Rough Riders as one discontinuous franchise.
Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warsaw)
Szybka Kolej Miejska (SKM; which translates as 'Rapid Urban Rail') is a mixed rapid transit and commuter rail (S-Bahn) system in the Warsaw metropolitan area, operated by the city owned company Szybka Kolej Miejska Sp. z o.o. under the management of Public Transport Authority in Warsaw on shared, general railway lines managed by the PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe.

Warszawa Zachodnia station
Warszawa Zachodnia station, in English Warsaw West, is a railway and long-distance bus station in Warsaw, Poland on the border of Ochota and Wola districts. The railway station is the westernmost terminus of the Warsaw Cross-City Line. It serves trains from PKP Intercity, Polregio, Koleje Mazowieckie, Szybka Kolej Miejska and Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa as well as international trains passing through Warsaw. It is one of the busiest railway stations in Poland, with over 1100 daily trains.

The station has undergone an extensive modernization between 2020 and 2025, the first since its construction in 1936.