hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Munger Award
The George Munger Award is presented to the NCAA Division I college football coach of the year by the Maxwell Football Club. The award was named after former University of Pennsylvania head coach George Munger. People who voted for the winners of the award included NCAA head coaches, members of the Maxwell Club, and sportswriters from all over the country.

In March 2010, the Maxwell Football Club announced that the award would be replaced by the Joseph V. Paterno Award. Following the breaking of the Penn State sex abuse scandal in November 2011, the club announced that the Paterno award would be discontinued. The Maxwell Club later returned Munger's name to the award.

Joseph V. Paterno Award
The Joseph V. Paterno Award was an award that was awarded to college football coach Frank Beamer in 2010. Originally the award was intended to be awarded annually to the college football head coach who best exemplified "Penn State head coach Joe Paterno’s dedication to the development of student-athletes and the advancement of the university beyond just athletics".

The award was presented by the Maxwell Football Club, based out of Ambler, Pennsylvania. It replaced the George Munger Award, which was presented by the club each year from 1989 to 2009.

Following the breaking of the Penn State sex abuse scandal in November 2011, the club announced that the award would be discontinued.
Military history of Switzerland
The military history of Switzerland comprises centuries of armed actions, and the role of the Swiss military in conflicts and peacekeeping worldwide.  Despite maintaining neutrality since its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499, Switzerland has been involved in military operations dating back to the hiring of Swiss mercenaries by foreign nations, including the Papal States.

Swiss mercenaries
The Swiss mercenaries were a powerful infantry force of professional soldiers originating from the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy. They were notable for their service in foreign armies, especially among the military forces of the kings of France, throughout the early modern period of European history, from the Late Middle Ages into the 19th century.

Their service as mercenaries was at its peak during the Renaissance, when their proven battlefield capabilities made them sought-after mercenary troops. There followed a period of decline, as technological and organizational advances counteracted the Swiss' advantages. Switzerland's military isolationism largely put an end to organized mercenary activity; the principal remnant of the practice is the Pontifical Swiss Guard at the Vatican.
Tuhoromatakakā
Tuhoromatakakā was a Māori rangatira (chief) in the Te Arawa confederation of tribes, who was based at Maketu in the Bay of Plenty and then at Mount Moehau at the tip of the Coromandel Peninsula. He probably lived in the second half of the fourteenth century.

Īhenga
Īhenga was an early Māori explorer and rangatira of Te Arawa. After burying his father at Moehau, he travelled to Maketu to be purified by his uncle Kahumatamomoe, whose daughter he married. He explored the North Island and named many places, including Lakes Rotoiti and Rotorua. He tricked the existing residents out of their land and settled at Ngonogtaha. Later, he and Kahumamatamomoe travelled to Kaipara together. He might have lived in the early fifteenth century.
Norman Cycles
Norman Cycles was a British bicycle, autocycle, moped, and motorcycle manufacturer in Ashford, Kent, England.

The company and its products are remembered today by the Norman Cycles Club at Willesborough Windmill, in Willesborough, Ashford. The Norman museum is in the Windmill's barn and displays some of the company's mopeds and bicycles.

New Mill, Willesborough
New Mill is a Grade II* listed smock mill in Hythe Road, Willesborough, Ashford, Kent. It stands just west of junction 10 of the M20 motorway. It was built in 1869 and is now a museum open to the public.
Lahti Institute of Design
LAB Institute of Design and Fine Arts (Finnish: LAB Muotoiluinstituutti) is a faculty of LAB University of Applied Sciences in Finland, which is a large, multidisciplinary institution of higher education.

The LAB Institute of Design and Fine Arts is one of the largest Finnish schools in its field. It has the most bachelors' level design students of any school in Finland. The Institute of Design and Fine Arts has a wide offering of different design specialisations from Graphic Design to Interior Architecture to UI/UX Design.

The design and fine arts education at the LAB University of Applied Sciences carries on the long-standing traditions of the legendary Lahti Institute of Design and Imatra School of Fine Arts. It has bachelors and masters degree programmes on campuses at the cities of Lahti and Lappeenranta.

LAB University of Applied Sciences
LAB University of Applied Sciences (Finnish: LAB-ammattikorkeakoulu) is a Finnish university of applied sciences that operates in Lahti, Lappeenranta and online. LAB started its operations on January 1, 2020, when Lahti University of Applied Sciences (LAMK) and Saimaa University of Applied Sciences (SAIMIA) merged.

LAB is the sixth largest university of applied sciences in Finland in terms of number of students. Approximately 10,400 students study there and about 600 teachers and RDI-specialist work there. The rector of the school is Turo Kilpeläinen.
Institutes of National Importance
In India, an Institution of National Importance (INI) refers to a premier public higher education institution granted special status by the constitution or an act of the Parliament of India. Such institutions are recognized for their pivotal role in developing highly skilled personnel within a specified region of the country or state. Institutes of National Importance enjoy special recognition, greater autonomy, and direct funding from the Government of India.

At the inception of the Constitution of India, the Seventh Schedule declared Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University as institutes of national importance. Subsequently 32nd Amendment in 1973 added University of Delhi to the schedule. Other institutions are accorded as INI by legislations or statutory orders.

National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs) are a group of national level universities of pharmaceutical sciences or Pharmacy school in India. The Government of India has declared the NIPERs as Institutes of National Importance. They operate as autonomous bodies under the aegis of Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
1998 PGA Championship
The 1998 PGA Championship was the 80th PGA Championship, held August 13–16 at Sahalee Country Club in Redmond, Washington, a suburb east of Seattle. Vijay Singh won the first of his three major championships, two strokes ahead of runner-up Steve Stricker.

This was only the tenth time the championship was played in the western half of the United States;  the next was 22 years later at TPC Harding Park in San Francisco. It was the third major championship held in the Pacific Northwest, all PGA Championships. The previous two were match play events, held in Spokane in 1944 and Portland in 1946.

Sahalee was scheduled to host again in 2010, but the PGA of America reversed its decision in early 2005 and moved it to Whistling Straits in Wisconsin.

2010 PGA Championship
The 2010 PGA Championship was the 92nd PGA Championship, played August 12–15 at the Straits Course of the Whistling Straits complex in Haven, Wisconsin (postal address Kohler).

Martin Kaymer won his first major championship in a three-hole playoff over Bubba Watson.  It was the second PGA Championship in six years at Whistling Straits, the first in 2004 was won by Vijay Singh, also in a playoff.
Ladder graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the ladder graph Ln is a planar, undirected graph with 2n vertices and 3n − 2 edges.

The ladder graph can be obtained as the Cartesian product of two path graphs, one of which has only one edge: Ln,1 = Pn × P2.

Path graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a path graph (or linear graph) is a graph whose vertices can be listed in the order v1, v2, ..., vn such that the edges are {vi, vi+1} where i = 1, 2, ..., n − 1.  Equivalently, a path with at least two vertices is connected and has two terminal vertices (vertices of degree 1), while all others (if any) have degree 2.

Paths are often important in their role as subgraphs of other graphs, in which case they are called paths in that graph.  A path is a particularly simple example of a tree, and in fact the paths are exactly the trees in which no vertex has degree 3 or more. A disjoint union of paths is called a linear forest.

Paths are fundamental concepts of graph theory, described in the introductory sections of most graph theory texts. See, for example, Bondy and Murty (1976), Gibbons (1985), or Diestel (2005).
Battle of the Camel
The Battle of the Camel, also known as The Battle of Basra (Arabic: معركة الجمل, romanized: Maʿrakat al-Jamal) took place outside of Basra, Iraq, in 36 AH (656 CE). The battle was fought between the largely Kufan forces of the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and the rebelling Uthmaniyya led by Aisha, Talha and Zubayr. Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, while Aisha was a widow of Muhammad, and Talha and Zubayr were both early converts to Islam and prominent companions. Ali emerged victorious from the battle, Talha and Zubayr were both killed, and Aisha was sent back to Hejaz afterward. The triumvirate had revolted against Ali to avenge the assassination of the third Rashidun caliph Uthman (r. 644–656), although Aisha and Talha are both known to have actively opposed him. The three also called for the removal of Ali from the caliphal office and for a Qurayshite council (shura) with Talha and Zubayr to appoint his successor.

Ammar ibn Yasir
Ammar ibn Yasir (Arabic: عَمَّار بْن يَاسِر, romanized: ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir; c. 567/570 –  July 657 C.E.) was a Sahabi (Companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a commander in the early Muslim conquests. His parents, Sumayya and Yasir ibn Amir, were the first martyrs of the Ummah. Ammar converted to Islam by the invitation of Abu Bakr and was amongst the muhajirun. After the migration to Medina, he participated in building the Prophet's Mosque and fought in most of the early Muslim expeditions.

He fought in the Ridda wars under Caliph Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) and in the Muslim conquest of Iran under Caliph Umar (r. 634–644). Ammar served as governor of Kufa under Umar. Following Uthman's assassination, Ammar became a devout partisan of Caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and died while fighting on Ali's side in the Battle of Siffin.
Neo-Byzantine architecture
Neo-Byzantine architecture (also referred to as Byzantine Revival) was a revival movement, most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It incorporates elements of the Byzantine style associated with Eastern and Orthodox Christian architecture dating from the 5th through 11th centuries, notably that of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and the Exarchate of Ravenna.

Neo-Byzantine architecture emerged in the 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of the 19th century with the Sacré-Coeur Basilica in Paris, and with monumental works in the Russian Empire, and later Bulgaria. The Neo-Byzantine school was active in Yugoslavia in the interwar period.

Sacred Heart Church (Berlin)
The Sacred Heart Church (German: Herz-Jesu-Kirche) is a Catholic church located in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg, externally built in Neo-Romanesque style. Designed by Christoph Hehl, professor of medieval architecture, the building was completed after 16 months of constructions in 1898. The Neo-Byzantine-style murals inside the church were done by Friedrich Stummel.

Panorama of the interior

The altar surrounded by murals

Jesus as Christ Pantocrator in the apse

Mural of the Lamb of God with vexillum
2019 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2019 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the 14th edition of the annual men's volleyball tournament. It was held in Colima City, Colima, Mexico from 16 to 21 June. Twelve teams will compete in the tournament.

Cuba won the title after defeating the two-time defending champions Argentina in the final by 3–2. Miguel Ángel López was awarded the Most Valuable Player.

Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup is a men's volleyball tournament organized by NORCECA. Initially, only NORCECA teams participated, but CSV teams have been invited since 2010. The event served as a qualifier for World League and the America's Cup. Now, the event serves as an America qualifier for the Pan American Games classification. The women have their own equivalent of the tournament, the Women's Pan-American Cup.
Ushkuynik KVN
The Ushkuynik Prince Vandal of Novgorod (Russian: Князь Вандал Новгородский), commonly referred to as KVN, is a fiber optic FPV loitering munition developed by the Ushkuynik Scientific and Production Center for the Russian Armed Forces. The drone was designed around the concept of a spooled fiber optic cable, ensuring high quality video transmission, while being immune from signal jamming methods of deterring traditional radio controlled drones.

Fiber optic drone
A fiber optic drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), usually a first-person view (FPV) loitering munition, which uses an optical fiber as its primary guidance and teleoperation link. These drones usually have fiber optic cables between 5 and 20 km (3.1 and 12.4 mi) long, although prototypes with up to 50 km (31 mi) range have been developed. They are impossible for defence forces to jam and very difficult to detect.
RAF Pitreavie Castle
Royal Air Force Pitreavie Castle or RAF Pitreavie Castle was a station of the Royal Air Force located at Pitreavie Castle in Dunfermline and near Rosyth, Fife, Scotland.

Built in the early 17th century, the castle was sold to the Air Ministry in 1938. An underground bunker was constructed and the station was used to coordinate the operations of RAF Coastal Command and the Royal Navy during the Second World War.

The station was subsequently used as a UK and NATO maritime headquarters before closing in 1996. It is now in residential use.

Pitreavie Castle
Pitreavie Castle is a country house, located between Rosyth and Dunfermline in Fife, Scotland. It was built in the early 17th century, and was extensively remodelled in 1885. The house remained in private hands until 1938, when it was acquired by the Air Ministry, and became RAF Pitreavie Castle. The RAF station closed in 1996, and the building was converted into residential apartments.

In 1986, the large underground cellar was still operated by the RAF as the Command and Control Centre of the then Northern Command for dispatching and coordinating all air and maritime search and rescue assets, primarily RAF aircraft over the North Sea area.
Chiyoda, Saga
Chiyoda (千代田町, Chiyoda-chō) was a town located in the Kanzaki District of Saga Prefecture, on the island of Kyūshū, Japan. The status of this municipality was changed from a village to a town on April 1, 1965.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,924 and a population density of 481.39 persons per km2. The total area is 24.77 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Chiyoda, along with the town of Kanzaki (former), and the village of Sefuri (all from Kanzaki District), was merged to create the city of Kanzaki.

Kanzaki, Saga
Kanzaki (神埼市, Kanzaki-shi) is a city located in Saga Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 30,329 in 12,440 households, and a  population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 125.13 km2 (48.31 sq mi).
Oakdale, Dorset
Oakdale is a suburb and electoral ward of Poole in Dorset, England. The electoral ward, which also includes the Stanley Green neighbourhood, had a population of 11,192 at the 2021 census. It shares boundaries with Creekmoor, Poole Town Centre, Parkstone, Newtown and Canford Heath.

The main type of land use in Oakdale is residential. There are also small private businesses such as convenience stores, take away restaurants and pubs, as well as a Texaco petrol station. The parish church is St George's, built in 1959–60 to the designs of Potter and Hare. There is a large allotment area, several fields and two play parks for children.

The main road through Oakdale is Wimborne Road, part of the A35 road leading to Fleetsbridge to the north and Poole Town Centre to the south. The home ground of Poole Town F.C. is at Tatnam Farm, and located in Oakdale.

Newtown, Dorset
Newtown is a suburb of the town of Poole in Dorset, England. It was formerly an electoral ward, which had a population 12,515 at the 2011 census. Newtown is located near to the suburbs of Alderney, Alder Hills, Parkstone, Oakdale and Rossmore.
Gary Sambrook
Gary William Sambrook (born 25 June 1989) is a British Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Northfield from 2019 until 2024. He served as the Joint Executive Secretary of the backbench 1922 Committee from 2021 until he left parliament.

Kingstanding
Kingstanding is an area in north Birmingham, England.  It gives its name to a ward in the Erdington council constituency. Kingstanding ward includes the areas; Perry Common, Witton Lakes. The other part of Kingstanding falls under the Oscott ward.

Kingstanding houses a covered drinking water reservoir, Perry Barr Reservoir, on the site of the former Perry Barr Farm.

Kingstanding is served by two libraries; Kingstanding Library and Perry Common Library.

The area known as Kingstanding Circle is where the Kingstanding village centre lies with its shops and Kings Road/ Kingstanding Road roundabout.
China Cafe
China Cafe (Chinese: 中國冰室) was a bing sutt located at No.1077A Canton Road in Mong Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

China Cafe opened in 1964. It closed on December 31, 2019.

China Cafe was the filming location of several Hong Kong TV shows and films, including PTU, Election, Fulltime Killer, C'est la vie, mon chéri, Once Upon a Time in Triad Society, Whispers and Moans, Tales from the Dark 1 and Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown.

Bing sutt
Bing sutt (Chinese: 冰室; Jyutping: bing1 sat1; lit. 'ice room') is a type of traditional cold-drink house which originated in Guangzhou, China, and spread to neighbouring Hong Kong in the 1950s and '60s. They are characterised by their colonial décor in the form of old furniture, small tiled floors, hanging fans, and folding chairs. Bing sutts provide light meals and drinks, and play the role of neighbourhood hubs. They are believed to be the predecessor of the cha chaan teng.

The initial concept of the Hong Kong bing sutt was to imitate a high-end western restaurant offering cheap western-style light meals to cater to the needs of the working class.
Sakai
Sakai (堺市, Sakai-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.kai, sa.kaꜜi.ɕi]) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It has been one of the largest and most important seaports of Japan since the medieval era. Sakai is known for its kofun, keyhole-shaped burial mounds dating from the fifth century. The kofun in Sakai include the largest grave in the world by area, Daisen Kofun. Once known for swords, Sakai is now famous for the quality of its cutlery. As of 1 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 819,965, making it the fourteenth most populous city in Japan (excluding Tokyo).

Nara Prefecture
Nara Prefecture (奈良県, Nara-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. As of 2020, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of 3,691 square kilometres (1,425 sq mi). Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east.

Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama. Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan.
Strand Road, Chittagong
22°19′25″N 91°49′15″E﻿ / ﻿22.3237199°N 91.8207136°E﻿ / 22.3237199; 91.8207136

Strand Road (Bengali: স্ট্র্যান্ড রোড) is an important commercial road in downtown Agrabad, Chattogram, Bangladesh. It is located alongside docks of the Port of Chattogram. The road was developed under British rule in the 19th century.

Port of Chittagong
The Port of Chittagong (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম বন্দর) is the main seaport of Bangladesh. Located in Bangladesh's port city of Chittagong, and on the banks of the Karnaphuli River. The port handles over 70 percent of Bangladesh's export-import trade, and has been used by India, Nepal and Bhutan for transshipment. According to Lloyd's, it ranked as the 58th busiest container port in the world in 2019. The port has a recorded history dating back to ancient Roman accounts. It is the busiest container port on the Bay of Bengal.

Congestion is a major challenge in Chittagong port. The port had a congestion rate of 84.3 hours between January and July in 2017.
Armand Rural District
Armand Rural District (Persian: دهستان ارمند) is in Armand District of Khanmirza County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Armand. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Tang Kolureh.

Armand, Iran
Armand (Persian: ارمند) is a village in Armand Rural District of Armand District in Khanmirza County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, serving as capital of both the district and the rural district. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Tang Kolureh.
Battle of An
The Battle of An (Chinese: 鞍之战; pinyin: Ān zhī Zhàn) was fought during the Spring and Autumn period of Ancient China in 589 BC at Hua Hill in the area of the present-day city of Jinan, Shandong between the states of Qi and Jin. It ended in a victory for the state of Jin and eventually resulted in an alliance between the two states.

Two of the three surviving commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals, the Zuo Zhuan and the Guliang Zhuan, describe the event that led to
the battle as an insult that Xi Ke, an emissary of Jin, suffered at the court of Qi in 592 BC, but the two accounts differ on the nature of the insult. According to the
Zuo Zhuan, the Duke of Qi allowed women to watch the emissary's visit from behind a screen, the women then insulted the emissary with their
laughter. The Guliang Zhuan claims that the Duke of Qi insulted the emissaries of four visiting states (Jin, Wey, Lu, and Cao) by assigning each of them a servant who shared their respective physical defects.

Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization,  was a regional state of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China, whose rulers held titles of Hou (侯), then Gong (公), before declaring themselves independent Kings (王). Its capital was Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou conquest of Shang, c. 1046 BCE. Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; r. 1046–1015 BCE), minister of King Wen and a legendary figure in Chinese culture. His family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by Qin during its unification of China.