hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apollo Belvedere
The Apollo Belvedere (also called the Belvedere Apollo, Apollo of the Belvedere, or Pythian Apollo) is a celebrated marble sculpture from classical antiquity.

The work has been dated to mid-way through the 2nd century A.D. and is considered to be a Roman copy of an original bronze statue created between 330 and 320 B.C. by the Greek sculptor Leochares. It was rediscovered in central Italy in the late 15th century during the Italian Renaissance and was placed on semi-public display in the Vatican Palace in 1511, where it remains. It is now in the Cortile del Belvedere of the Pio-Clementine Museum of the Vatican Museums complex.

From the mid-18th century it was considered the greatest ancient sculpture by ardent neoclassicists, and for centuries it epitomized the ideals of aesthetic perfection for Europeans and westernized parts of the world.

Antonio Canova
Antonio Canova (Italian pronunciation: [anˈtɔːnjo kaˈnɔːva]; 1 November 1757 – 13 October 1822) was an Italian Neoclassical sculptor, famous for his marble sculptures. Often regarded as the greatest of the Neoclassical artists, his sculpture was inspired by the Baroque and the classical revival, and has been characterised as having avoided the melodramatics of the former, and the cold artificiality of the latter.
TSS (operating system)
The IBM Time Sharing System TSS/360 is a discontinued early time-sharing operating system designed exclusively for a special model of the System/360 line of mainframes, the Model 67. Made available on a trial basis to a limited set of customers in 1967, it was never officially released as a supported product by IBM. TSS pioneered a number of novel features, some of which later appeared in more popular systems such as MVS. TSS was migrated to System/370 and 303x systems, but despite its many advances and novel capabilities, TSS failed to meet expectations and was eventually canceled. The Resident Supervisor of TSS/370 was used as the basis for a port of UNIX to the IBM mainframe. TSS/360 also inspired the development of the TSS/8 operating system.

TSS/8
TSS/8 is a discontinued time-sharing operating system co-written by Don Witcraft and John Everett at Digital Equipment Corporation in 1967. DEC also referred to it as Timeshared-8 and later the EduSystem 50.: p.2-15

The operating system runs on the 12-bit PDP-8 computer starting with the PDP-8I model and was released in 1968.
Franz Keller (skier)
Franz Keller (German pronunciation: [fʁant͡s ˈkɛlɐ] ⓘ; born 19 January 1945) is a West German nordic combined skier. At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, he won the gold medal in the individual event. Keller also won a silver at the 1966 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in the individual event and won the event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1967.

Keller received the Holmenkollen medal in 1973 (shared with Einar Bergsland and Ingolf Mork).

Einar Bergsland
Einar Bergsland (11 December 1909 – 12 July 1982) was a Norwegian Nordic skier who later became a promoter for the Holmenkollen ski festival, for alpine skiing in Norway, and for the FIS.

As a Nordic skier, Bergsland once beat the legendary Johan Grøttumsbråten in competition.  He also was national champion in rowing, golf, and dogsled racing.  Later, Bergsland introduced alpine skiing to Norway, and was involved on the Holmenkollen organizing committee for 35 years, including 14 as president.  From 1945 to 1951, he was Secretary-General of the International Ski Federation (FIS), later serving on the Council until 1969.  Bergsland was also President of the Commission from 1951 to 1953 and served as an honorary member of the (FIS) until his 1982 death.

He also wrote many skiing books, including one about the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo (1951).

For his lengthy and diverse service in skiing, Bergsland received the Holmenkollen medal in 1973 (shared with Ingolf Mork and Franz Keller).
Shizukuishi River
The Shizukuishi River (雫石川, Shizukuishigawa) is a river in Iwate Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Honshū in Japan. The river is 33.2 kilometres (20.6 mi) long and has a watershed of 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi). In middle course of the river is the Shizukuishi Basin, occupied by the Yuguchi lake deposits from the Late Miocene.

The Shizukuishi River rises in the Ōu Mountains just south of Mount Akita-Komagatake in the town of Shizukuishi and empties into the Kitakami River in the city of Morioka. The Gosho Dam is situated on the Shizukuishi River in western Morioka. This dam was completed in 1981. The entire length of the river is home to many renowned hot springs.

Shizukuishi
Shizukuishi (雫石町, Shizukuishi-chō) is a town located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2020, the town had an estimated population of 16,263 in 6354 households, and a population density of 27 persons per km2.  The total area of the town is 608.82 square kilometres (235.07 sq mi).
Darwin–Wallace Medal
The Darwin–Wallace Medal is a medal awarded by the Linnean Society of London for "major advances in evolutionary biology". Historically, the medals have been awarded every 50 years, beginning in 1908.  That year marked 50 years after the joint presentation by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace of two scientific papers—On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection—to the Linnean Society of London on 1 July 1858. Fittingly, Wallace was one of the first recipients of the medal, in his case it was, exceptionally, in gold, rather than the silver version presented in the six other initial awards. However, in 2008 the Linnean Society announced that due to the continuing importance of evolutionary research, the medal will be awarded on an annual basis beginning in 2010.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Public holidays in India
Public Holidays in India, also known as Government Holidays, consist of a variety of cultural, nationalistic, and religious holidays that are legislated in India at the union or state levels.

Being a culturally diverse country, there are many festivals celebrated in various regions across the country. There are only three national holidays declared by the Government of India: Republic Day (26 January), Independence Day (15 August) and Gandhi Jayanti (2 October). Apart from this, certain holidays which are celebrated nationally are declared centrally by the Union Government. Additionally, various state governments and union territories designate additional holidays on local festivals or days of importance as holidays as per section 25 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.

Gandhi Jayanti
Gandhi Jayanti is a national holiday in India, celebrated annually on 2nd October to honour the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, one of the key leaders of the Indian independence movement and a pioneer of the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence. It is one of the three national holidays in India. In 2007, the United Nations General Assembly declared this day as the International Day of Non-Violence. Referred to as the "National Father" by Subhas Chandra Bose, Gandhi's principles of nonviolent resistance played a crucial role in India's successful struggle for independence from British colonial rule.
2013 Copa Claro
The 2013 Copa Claro was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 16th edition of the Copa Claro, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2013 ATP World Tour. It took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from February 16 through February 24, 2013.

2013 ATP World Tour
The 2013 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2013 tennis season. The 2013 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2013 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which was organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Österlånggatan
Österlånggatan (Swedish for 'Eastern Long Street') is a street in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.  Stretching southward from Slottsbacken to Järntorget, it forms a parallel street to Baggensgatan and Skeppsbron.  Major sights include the statue of Saint George and the Dragon on Köpmanbrinken and the restaurant Den Gyldene Freden on number 51, established in 1722 and mentioned in Guinness Book of Records as one of the oldest with an unaltered interior.

Prästgatan
Prästgatan (Swedish: "The Priest's Street") is a street in Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden, stretching from a cul-de-sac west of the Royal Palace to the street Österlånggatan in the southern corner of the old town.  Prästgatan forms a parallel street to Västerlånggatan, Trångsund, Skomakargatan,  and Svartmangatan.  It is intercepted by Storkyrkobrinken, Ankargränd, Spektens Gränd, Solgränd, Kåkbrinken, Tyska Brinken, Tyska Stallplan, Mårten Trotzigs Gränd, and Norra Benickebrinken.
Ischnocanaba
Ischnocanaba is a monotypic moth of the Heliozelidae family described by John David Bradley in 1961. Its only species, Ischnocanaba euryzona, described by the same author in the same year, is found on Guadalcanal.

Heliozelidae
The Heliozelidae, commonly known as shield-bearer moths, are a family of small, day flying monotrysian moths distributed worldwide. The larvae of most heliozelid species are leaf miners who cut distinctive shield-shaped cases from the surface of the host leaf, hence the common name. Some species are considered pests of commercial crops such as grapevines, cranberries, and walnuts. The taxonomy of this family is poorly understood.
Royal Bermuda Regiment
The Royal Bermuda Regiment (RBR) is the home defence unit of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. It is a single territorial infantry battalion that was formed on the amalgamation in 1965 of two originally voluntary units, the mostly black Bermuda Militia Artillery (BMA) and the almost entirely white Bermuda Rifles (titled the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps (BVRC) until 1949), and the only remaining component of the Bermuda Garrison since the 1957 withdrawal of regular units and detachments from Bermuda.

British Army order of precedence
The British Army is listed according to an order of precedence for the purposes of parading. This is the order in which the various corps of the army parade, from right to left, with the unit at the extreme right being highest. Under ordinary circumstances, the Household Cavalry parades at the extreme right of the line. Militia and Army Reserve units take precedence after Regular units with the exception of The Honourable Artillery Company and The Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers.
Sanderson Miller
Sanderson Miller (1716 – 23 April 1780) was an English pioneer of Gothic revival architecture and landscape designer. He is noted for adding follies or other Picturesque garden buildings and features to the grounds of an estate.

Shire Hall, Warwick
Shire Hall is a building complex located in Northgate Street in Warwick, England. It is the main office and the meeting place of Warwickshire County Council. It comprises both the original Shire Hall of 1758 and the more recent adjoining county council offices, both of which are Grade I listed buildings.
Manus Province
Manus Province is the smallest province in Papua New Guinea in terms of both land area and population, with a land area of 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi), but with more than 220,000 square kilometres (85,000 sq mi) of water, and the total population is 60,485 (2011 census). The provincial town of Manus is Lorengau.

The province consists of only one district (Manus District; with identical boundaries to those of the province), 12 Local Level Governments (LLGs) and 127 Wards.

The province is made up of the Admiralty Islands (a group of 18 islands in the Bismarck Archipelago), as well as Wuvulu Island and nearby atolls in the west, which collectively are referred to as the Western Islands. The largest island in the group is Manus Island, where Lorengau and a former Australian immigration detention centre are located.

Bismarck Archipelago
The Bismarck Archipelago (German: Bismarck-Archipel, pronounced [ˈbɪsmaʁk ˌaʁçiˈpeːl]) is a group of islands located just off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi).
Trongfjorden
Trongfjorden is a fjord between Surnadal Municipality and Tingvoll Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The fjord is approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long and is a continuation of the Halsafjorden on the north end near the village of Torjulvågen in Tingvoll Municipality. On the south end, the fjord branches off into several other fjord arms: Hamnesfjorden, Surnadalsfjorden, Stangvikfjorden, and Ålvundfjorden.

Surnadal Municipality
Surnadalⓘ is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Nordmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Skei. Other villages in Surnadal include Bøverfjorden, Glærem, Moen, Stangvik, Surnadalsøra, Sylte, Todalsøra, and Åsskard.

The 1,366-square-kilometre (527 sq mi) municipality is the 68th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Surnadal is the 164th most populous municipality in Norway, with a population of 5,953. The municipality's population density is 4.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.02% over the previous 10-year period.

A mild climate and rich soil make Surnadal well suited for agriculture. The local economy is based on agriculture, forestry, and industrial production, in addition to services.
Primož Kozak
Primož Kozak (11 September 1929 – 22 December 1981) was a Slovenian playwright and essayist. Together with Dominik Smole, Dane Zajc and Taras Kermauner, he was the most visible representative of the so-called Critical generation, a group of Slovenian authors and intellectuals that reflected on the paradoxes of the communist regime, and the relation between power and individual existence in general.

Jože Pučnik
Jože Pučnik (9 March 1932 – 11 January 2003) was a Slovenian public intellectual, sociologist and politician. During the communist regime of Josip Broz Tito, he was one of the most outspoken Slovenian critics of dictatorship and lack of civil liberties in SFR Yugoslavia.

Pučnik was imprisoned for a total of seven years, and later forced into exile. After returning to Slovenia in the late 1980s, he became the leader of the Democratic Opposition of Slovenia, a platform of democratic parties that defeated the communists in the first free elections in 1990 and introduced a democratic system and market economy to Slovenia. Pučnik is also considered one of the fathers of Slovenian independence from Yugoslavia.
Mathesis universalis
Mathesis universalis (from Greek: μάθησις, mathesis "science or learning", and Latin: universalis "universal") is a hypothetical universal science modelled on mathematics envisaged by Descartes and Leibniz, among a number of other 16th- and 17th-century philosophers and mathematicians. For Leibniz, it would be supported by a calculus ratiocinator. John Wallis invokes the name as title in his Opera Mathematica, a textbook on arithmetic, algebra, and Cartesian geometry.

Calculus ratiocinator
The  calculus ratiocinator is a theoretical universal logical calculation framework, a concept described in the writings of Gottfried Leibniz, usually paired with his more frequently mentioned characteristica universalis, a universal conceptual language.
Gozamin
Gozamn (Amharic: ጎዛም።) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the East Gojjam Zone, Guzamn is bordered on the southeast by Baso Liben, on the south by the Abay River which separates it from the Oromia Region, on the west by Debre Elias, on the northwest by Machakel, on the north by Sinan, and on the east by Aneded; the Chamwaga River defines part of the border between the Guzamn and Baso Liben woredas. The town and woreda of Debre Marqos is an enclave inside Guzamn. Towns in Guzamn include Chemoga and Yebokile. Sinan woreda was separate from Guzamn.

Landmarks include the fortified mountaintops of Jebelli and Mutera, which was used as a stronghold of the rulers of Gojjam until Birru Goshu was defeated and captured by Kassa Hailu (later known as Tewodros II) in the Battle of Amba Jebelli.

Aneded
Aneded is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Gojjam Zone, Aneded is bordered on the south by the Abay River which separates it from the Oromia Region, on the southwest by Baso Liben, on the northwest by Guzamn, on the north by Sinan, and on the east by Awabel. Towns in Awabel include Amber. Aneded was part of Awabel woreda.
Samuel Huntington Birthplace
The Huntington Homestead, also known as the Samuel Huntington Birthplace, is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark at 36 Huntington Road (Connecticut Route 14) in Scotland, Connecticut. Built in the early 18th century, it was the birthplace and boyhood home of Samuel Huntington (1731–1796), an American statesman and Founding Father. He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress, where he signed the Declaration of Independence. He also served as Governor of Connecticut and was the first presiding officer of the Congress of the Confederation, the first central government of the United States of America.

Scotland, Connecticut
Scotland is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 1,576. Scotland is a predominantly rural town, with agriculture being the principal industry. Scotland is the least populous town in Windham County.
Dialectica space
Dialectica spaces are a categorical way of constructing  models of linear logic.

They were introduced by Valeria de Paiva in her doctoral thesis, as a way of modeling both linear logic and Gödel's Dialectica interpretation—hence the name.

Given a category C and a specific object K of C with certain (logical) properties, one can construct the category of Dialectica spaces over C, whose objects are  pairs of objects of C,  related by a C-morphism into K. Morphisms of Dialectica spaces are similar to Chu space morphisms, but instead of an equality condition, they have an inequality condition, which is read as a logical implication: the first object implies the second.

Chu space
Chu spaces generalize the notion of topological space by dropping the requirements that the set of open sets be closed under union and finite intersection, that the open sets be extensional, and that the membership predicate (of points in open sets) be two-valued. The definition of continuous function remains unchanged other than having to be worded carefully to continue to make sense after these generalizations.

The name is due to Po-Hsiang Chu, who originally constructed a verification of autonomous categories as a graduate student under the direction of Michael Barr in 1979.
Llansamlet (electoral ward)
Llansamlet is an electoral ward (coterminous with the Llansamlet community) in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK.

The electoral ward consists of some or all of the following geographical areas: Birchgrove, Glais, Heol Las, Llansamlet, Morriston, Peniel Green, Pentre-Dwr, Talycopa, Trallwn and Summer Hill in the parliamentary constituency of Swansea East.  The Llansamlet ward is bounded by the wards of Clydach to the north, Morriston to the west, Neath Port Talbot county borough to the east, and Bonymaen to the south.

Bon-y-maen (electoral ward)
Bon-y-maen (until 2022 Bonymaen) is an electoral ward in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK.

The ward is bounded by Neath Port Talbot county borough to the east and the Swansea wards of Llansamlet and Morriston to the north; St. Thomas to the south; and Landore to the west.

For the purposes of elections Bon-y-maen is divided into several polling districts: Winch Wen, Pentre Dwr, Hanover Square and Pentrechwyth.  Bon-y-maen returns 2 councillors to the local council.  The current councillors are Mandy Evans and Paul Lloyd (both Labour Party).

The electoral ward consists of some or all of the following areas: Bon-y-maen, Cefn Hengoed, Copper Quarter, Crymlyn Bog, Morfa, Pentrechwyth, Pentre Dwr, Winch Wen, in the parliamentary constituency of Swansea East.
Dahlia Hill
Dahlia Hill (DH) is both a protected garden area in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, encompassing 1.41 acres (0.57 ha) of terraced gardens, and the a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational organization that runs the garden. Located in the city of Midland, Michigan, they annually grow more than 3,000 dahlia plants.

Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in Midland County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 42,547 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Midland metropolitan statistical area, part of the larger Saginaw-Midland-Bay City combined statistical area. The city is bordered by Midland Township, though the two are administered separately.

Midland is located at the confluence of Chippewa and Tittabawassee rivers in Central Michigan. The city is home to the headquarters of Dow Chemical Company, one of the largest chemical producers in the world, which was founded by Herbert Henry Dow in the city in 1897. The city is also home to Midland Center for the Arts and Northwood University.
Bykhaw
Bykhaw or Bykhov is a town in Mogilev Region, Belarus. It is located 44 kilometres (27 mi) south of Mogilev, and serves as the administrative center of Bykhaw District. In 2009, its population was 17,031. As of 2025, it has a population of 16,296.

Bykhaw district
Bykhaw district or Bychaŭ district (Belarusian: Быхаўскі раён; Russian: Быховский район, romanized: Bykhovsky rayon) is a district (raion) of Mogilev region in Belarus. Its administrative center is the town of Bykhaw. As of 2009, its population was 35,148; the population accounted for 48.5% of the district's population. As of 2024, it has a population of 28,272.

Nearly all Bykhaw district is in the "residential zone with periodic radiation monitoring" - an area with soil contamination due to Chernobyl disaster.
Ina, Fukushima
Ina (伊南村, Ina-mura) was a village located in Minamiaizu District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,812 and a density of 11.83 persons per km2. The total area was 153.13 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Ina, was merged with town of Tajima, and the villages of Nangō and Tateiwa (all from Minamiaizu District), was merged to create the town of Minamiaizu.

Minamiaizu
Minamiaizu (南会津町, Minamiaizu-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2020,  the town had an estimated population of 15,158 in 6,575 households, and a population density of 17 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 886.52 square kilometres (342.29 sq mi).