hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flip graph
In mathematics, a flip graph is a graph whose vertices are combinatorial or geometric objects, and whose edges link two of these objects when they can be obtained from one another by an elementary operation called a flip. Flip graphs are special cases of geometric graphs.

Among notable flip graphs, one finds the 1-skeleton of polytopes such as associahedra or cyclohedra.

Geometric graph theory
Geometric graph theory in the broader sense is a large and amorphous subfield of graph theory, concerned with graphs defined by geometric means. In a stricter sense, geometric graph theory studies combinatorial and geometric properties of geometric graphs, meaning graphs drawn in the Euclidean plane with possibly intersecting straight-line edges, and topological graphs, where the edges are allowed to be arbitrary continuous curves connecting the vertices; thus, it can be described as "the theory of geometric and topological graphs" (Pach 2013). Geometric graphs are also known as spatial networks.
Pi Delta Psi
Pi Delta Psi (ΠΔΨ) is an Asian American-interest cultural fraternity founded at Binghamton University on February 20, 1994. As of 2024, the organization listed over 4,000-lifetime members spanning 31 undergraduate chapters and 1 alumni chapter. This organization is a member of the National APIDA Panhellenic Association (NAPA).

National APIDA Panhellenic Association
The National APIDA Panhellenic Association (NAPA) is an umbrella council for twenty Asian, Pacific Islander, and Desi American fraternities and sororities (Greek Letter organizations) in universities in the United States.
Vestibulospinal tract
The vestibulospinal tract is a nerve tract in the central nervous system. Specifically, it is a component of the extrapyramidal system and is classified as a component of the medial pathway. Like other descending motor pathways, the vestibulospinal fibers of the tract relay information from nuclei to motor neurons. The vestibular nuclei receive information through the vestibulocochlear nerve about changes in the orientation of the head. The nuclei relay motor commands through the vestibulospinal tract. The function of these motor commands is to alter muscle tone, extend, and change the position of the limbs and head with the goal of supporting posture and maintaining balance of the body and head.

Extrapyramidal system
In anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a part of the motor system network causing involuntary actions. The system is called extrapyramidal to distinguish it from the tracts of the motor cortex that reach their targets by traveling through the pyramids of the medulla. The pyramidal tracts (corticospinal tract and corticobulbar tracts) may directly innervate motor neurons of the spinal cord or brainstem (anterior (ventral) horn cells or certain cranial nerve nuclei), whereas the extrapyramidal system centers on the modulation and regulation (indirect control) of anterior (ventral) horn cells.
Sun Java System
Sun Java System was a brand used by Sun Microsystems to market computer software. The Sun Java System brand superseded the Sun ONE brand in September 2003.  There are two major suites under this brand, the Sun Java Enterprise System suite of infrastructure software, and the Sun Java Desktop System graphical user environment.

IPlanet
iPlanet was a product brand that was used jointly by Sun Microsystems and Netscape Communications Corporation when delivering software and services as part of a non-exclusive cross marketing deal that was also known as "A Sun|Netscape Alliance".
Louis Giustiniani
Louis (or Luis) Giustiniani was the first missionary to the Swan River Colony. He was outspoken in defending Aboriginal Australians, but in doing so alienated the colony and was eventually removed from office.: 267 : 64  After leaving Western Australia, Giustiniani became a Minister of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States.

Arthur Trimmer
Arthur Trimmer (1805–1877) was one of three brothers who were early settlers in the colony of Western Australia. He was the grandson of Sarah Trimmer (1741–1810), an educational reformer and writer.

Arthur's father was William Kirby Trimmer who married Jane Bayne in 1794, with whom he had seven children. He owned a successful brickmaking business and collected fossils. He suffered a stroke in 1810 and died four months later, when Arthur was only five.

An uncle, William Kirby, had built up a flock of merino sheep, as part of a project initiated by Joseph Banks.
Battle of Scary Creek
The Battle of Scary Creek was a minor battle fought on July 17, 1861, during the American Civil War in Scary across the Kanawha River from present day Nitro in Putnam County, West Virginia. It was the first Confederate victory in Kanawha Valley.

22nd Virginia Infantry Regiment
The 22nd Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from western Virginia that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Its commander was George S. Patton Sr., the grandfather of World War II General George S. Patton.
Q'ara Quta (La Paz)
Q'ara Quta (Aymara q'ara bare, bald, quta lake, "bare lake", Hispanicized spellings Karakota, Khara Khota, Khara Kkota, K'arakota) is a lake on the western side of the Cordillera Real of Bolivia located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality, Comunidad Alto Peñas. It lies north-west of the Kunturiri massif, between the lakes Wichhu Quta (5 km) in the south-west and Khotia Quta and Janq'u Quta in the north-east. The lakes are connected by Jach'a Jawira, a river which originates near the mountain Wila Lluxita and flows down to Lake Titicaca. Q'ara Quta is situated at a height of about 4,400 metres (14,400 ft), about 5 km long and 0,65 km at its widest point.

Janq'u Quta (Batallas)
Janq'u Quta (Aymara janq'u white, quta lake, "white lake", Hispanicized spelling Jankho Kkota, Janko Khota, Janko Kota) is a lake in the Cordillera Real of Bolivia located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality, Kirani Canton. It lies north-west of the Kunturiri massif, east of Wila Lluxi and south of Janq'u Uyu. Janq'u Quta is situated at a height of about 4,940 metres (16,210 ft), about 0.95 km long and 0.38 km at its widest point.
Edward John Lewis
Edward John Lewis (5 December 1859 – 8 June 1925) was a Welsh medical doctor and international rugby union half-back who played club rugby for Llandovery College and international rugby for Wales. He won just a single game for Wales when he was selected for the first Welsh rugby international.

Llandovery College
Llandovery College (Welsh: Coleg Llanymddyfri) is a coeducational independent boarding and day school in Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, Wales. The college consists of Gollop Preparatory, Senior School and Sixth Form. It was previously known as "Welsh College, Llandovery" and "Collegiate Institute" at various periods of its history.
Ahti Karjalainen
Ahti Kalle Samuli Karjalainen (10 February 1923 – 7 September 1990) was a Finnish economist and politician. He was a member of the Agrarian League (later known as Keskusta, Centre Party) and served two terms as Prime Minister of Finland. He is, however, better known for his period as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland. Karjalainen is considered one of the most influential figures in post-war Finnish politics. Like President Urho Kekkonen, Karjalainen attached great importance to Finland's relationship with the Soviet Union, and was at one point considered to be Kekkonen's likely successor until alcoholism affected his later career.

Prime Minister of Finland
The prime minister of Finland (Finnish: Suomen pääministeri, literally "head minister"; Swedish: Finlands statsminister, literally "state minister") is the leader of the  Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol after the president of Finland and the speaker of the Parliament but is in practice the most powerful office-holder. Finland's first prime minister, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (also later the 3rd president of Finland), was appointed on 27 November 1917, just a few days before the country declared its independence.

The incumbent prime minister is Petteri Orpo of the National Coalition Party. Orpo was sworn in on 20 June 2023.
Richard Pochinko
Richard Pochinko (1946–1989) was a notable Canadian clown trainer who developed a new style of mask/clown performance training, known as the "Pochinko technique". Originally from Selkirk, Manitoba, he was based primarily in Toronto, Ontario and founded the city's Theater Resource Centre.

The "Pochinko technique" for which he is known combined both European and First Nations traditions of masked and clown performance. Notable figures who studied under Pochinko included Karen Hines, Cheryl Cashman, Nion, Tantoo Cardinal, Sue Morrison, Sara Tilley and the duo Mump and Smoot.

Pochinko was gay, and was the partner of Gabriel Manseau. He died in 1989 of AIDS-related causes.

Mump and Smoot
Mump and Smoot are a Canadian clown duo created by Michael Kennard and John Turner, and directed by Karen Hines. Also referred to as 'clowns of horror', they've produced interactive, improvisational plays aimed squarely at adult audiences.
Indian Creek (Blue River tributary)
Indian Creek is a stream in Johnson County, Kansas and Jackson County, Missouri. It is a tributary of the Blue River.

Indian Creek was named for the Indians who once passed through the area. As of 2019, Indian Creek had been chronically flooded by Turkey Creek, which was studied by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Turkey Creek (Kansas River tributary)
Turkey Creek is a stream spanning Johnson and Wyandotte counties in Kansas, within the Kansas City metropolitan area of the United States. It is a tributary of the Kansas River, with its mouth near downtown Kansas City, Kansas. It is not the Turkey Creek in Dickinson County, Kansas nor the Turkey Creek in Nemaha County, Kansas (also called the South Fork of the Nemaha River).

In 1882, a local newspaper summarized: "Turkey Creek, a live, impetuous stream, meanders at will through the place seemingly priding itself on its independence in designating its own path, regardless of the points on the compass, or the predominating requirements of this expeditious age in economizing time and space by taking air line courses."
Scilly naval disaster of 1707
The Scilly naval disaster of 1707 was the loss of four warships of a Royal Navy fleet off the Isles of Scilly near the British mainland when they struck rocks on 22 October 1707. Between 1,400 and 2,000 sailors lost their lives aboard the wrecked vessels, making the incident one of the worst maritime disasters in British naval history. The disaster has been attributed to a combination of factors, including navigators' inability to accurately calculate their positions, errors in the available charts and pilot books, and inadequate compasses.

HMS St Andrew (1670)
HMS St Andrew was a 96-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Christopher Pett at Woolwich Dockyard under the supervision of Christopher Pett until his death in March 1668, completed by Jonas Shish, and launched in 1670. Commanded by George Churchill, she took part in the 1692 victory over the French navy at Barfleur & La Hogue.

In 1703, she was renamed HMS Royal Anne, and rebuilt at Woolwich as a first rate of 100 guns. In 1707, she served as flagship of Vice-Admiral of the Blue Sir George Byng and belonged to Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell's fleet. She saw action during the unsuccessful Battle of Toulon and was present during the great naval disaster off the Isles of Scilly when Shovell and four of his ships (Association, Firebrand, Romney and Eagle) were lost, claiming the lives of nearly 2,000 sailors. Royal Anne suffered little to no damage and finally managed to reach Portsmouth.

The Royal Anne was broken up in 1727.
Joseph Désiré Tholozan
Joseph Désiré Tholozan (9 October 1820 in Diego Garcia, Mauritius – 30 July 1897 in Tehran, Iran) was a Franco-Mauritian physician. A pioneer in epidemiology, he was notably the personal physician to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar for more than 30 years.

Franco-Mauritians
Franco-Mauritians (French: Franco-Mauriciens) form an ethnic group of White Africans of European ancestry in Mauritius who trace their ethnic ancestry to France and ethnic French people. Franco-Mauritians make up approximately 2% of the country's population. Other than documented European ancestry, it is their skin colour which distinguishes Franco-Mauritians from the rest of ethnic groups in Mauritius, where they are also known as blancs or blanches literally meaning whites.
Chuchelná
Chuchelná (German: Kuchelna) is a municipality and village in Opava District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants. It is part of the historic Hlučín Region.

Hlučín Region
Hlučín Region (Czech: Hlučínsko, German: Hultschiner Ländchen, Polish: Ziemia hulczyńska) is a historically significant part of Czech Silesia, now part of the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic. It is named after its largest town, Hlučín. Its area is 316.9 km2 (122.4 sq mi), and in 2021, it had 66,750 inhabitants.
Brecon Guildhall
Brecon Guildhall (Welsh: Neuadd y Dref Aberhonddu), is a municipal building in the High Street, Brecon, Powys, Wales. The structure, which is the meeting place of Brecon Town Council, is a Grade II listed building.

Brecon
Brecon (/ˈbrɛkən/; Welsh: Aberhonddu; pronounced [ˌabɛrˈhɔnði]), archaically known as Brecknock, is a market town in Powys, mid Wales. In 1841, it had a population of 5,701. The population in 2001 was 7,901, increasing to 8,250 at the 2011 census. Historically it was the county town of Brecknockshire (Breconshire); although its role as such was eclipsed with the formation of the County of Powys, it remains an important local centre. Brecon is the third-largest town in Powys, after Newtown and Ystradgynlais. It lies north of the Brecon Beacons mountain range, but is just within the Brecon Beacons National Park.
UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie
UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie (円盤皇女（ゆーふぉーぷりんせす）ワるきゅーレ, Yūfō Purinsesu Warukyūre) is a Japanese manga series created by Kaishaku. The series was adapted into a 32-episode anime series and one specially released OVA episode by TNK. Seasons 1 and 2 were broadcast in Japan on Kids Station between 2002 and 2004. The anime series was released on DVD in Japan between 2002 and 2006. All episodes and the OVA special were dubbed in English and initially released on single DVD volumes in North America by ADV Films from 2006 to 2007.

TNK (company)
TNK Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社ティー・エヌ・ケー, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Tii Enu Kee) is a Japanese animation studio located in Nerima, Tokyo Prefecture. It was established on January 29, 1999 by Nagateru Kato, a former producer from Tatsunoko Production. They have produced a number of series to date, most notably their adaptations of School Days and High School DxD, among others such as Hand Maid May, I My Me! Strawberry Eggs, UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie, and Kannazuki no Miko.
Spring Glen, New York
Spring Glen is a hamlet of the Town of Wawarsing in Ulster County, New York, United States. It is located just off US 209 just north of the Sullivan County line. It sits along the Sandburg Creek and has a direct access point for parking and hiking to the highest point of the Shawangunk Ridge Trail at over 1800 feet. It has the ZIP Code 12483.

Sullivan County, New York
Sullivan County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,624. The county seat is Monticello. The county's name honors Major General John Sullivan, who was labeled at the time as a hero in the American Revolutionary War in part due to his successful campaign in destroying 40 Iroquois villages and chasing 5,000 of them out of the area (see Sullivan Expedition). The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

The county was the site of hundreds of Borscht Belt hotels and resorts, which had their heyday from the 1920s through the 1970s.

In 2010, the state's center of population was at the southern edge of Sullivan County.
Murilo Rua
Murilo Milani Rua (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁuɐ]; born May 22, 1980), also known as Ninja, is a Brazilian retired mixed martial artist. He is the older brother of former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Mauricio Rua. He was the inaugural EliteXC Middleweight Champion and also competed in Pride Fighting Championships.

Chute Boxe Academy
The Chute Boxe Academy (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʃutʃi ˈbɔksi]; "Kick-Boxing") is a Brazilian martial arts academy. It opened as a Muay Thai academy in 1978 in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Head trainer Rudimar Fedrigo later expanded the program in 1991 to include other aspects of modern mixed martial arts, such as wrestling and submission grappling. By 1995, the Chute Boxe team was considered a prime training ground for Vale Tudo fighters. In 2004, an American branch, Chute Boxe USA, was established in Los Angeles, California.

Chute Boxe fighters are characterized by being extremely aggressive and physical, well-rounded fighters.
Qarovulüstü
41°02′35″N 48°36′36″E﻿ / ﻿41.04306°N 48.61000°E﻿ / 41.04306; 48.61000

Qarovulüstü (also, Qaraulustü and Karovulustyu) is a village in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Qonaqkənd.

Qonaqkənd, Quba
Qonaqkənd (Gonagkend; Tat: Qunaqkənd) is a village and municipality in the Quba District of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 1,688.  The municipality consists of the villages of Qonaqkənd, Qarovulüstü, and Xaşı. Tats make up the majority of the population.
Ziyarat Jami'ah Kabirah
Ziyarat Jamiah Kabirah (Arabic: الزيارة الجامعة الكبيرة, Persian: زیارت جامعه کبیره) is a Twelver Shi’i Muslim ziyarat "pilgrimage prayer". This visitation awarded by the tenth Imam, Ali al-Hadi, to Musa ibn Abdullah Nakhi at his request to teach him a comprehensive way of paying homage to any of the Imams during pilgrimage in their shrines or from far away places.

Shi'i pilgrimage prayer works is the kind of work that is at odds with the special visitation as a pious pilgrimage. In this kind of prayer, pilgrimage can be used for each of the Shi'i Imams alone or read all of them.

According to Shi'i sources, whoever recites this ziyarat with love and cognizance of the divinely appointed Imams is purified from diseases of soul and body and all worries if the Imam intercedes for him. A pilgrim, who obeys the Imam, refrains from all sins and all of his good deeds which lack in perfection are accepted by God.

Ziyarat
Ziyara(h) (Arabic: زِيَارَة ziyārah, "visit") or ziyarat (Persian: زیارت, ziyārat, "pilgrimage"; Turkish: ziyaret, "visit") is a form of pilgrimage to sites associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his family members and descendants (including the Shī'ī Imāms), his companions and other venerated figures in Islam such as the prophets, Sufi auliya, and Islamic scholars. Sites of pilgrimage include mosques, maqams, battlefields, mountains, and caves.

Ziyārat can also refer to a form of supplication made by the Shia, in which they send salutations and greetings to Muhammad and his family.
Polygyra
Polygyra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Polygyridae.

The two-IUCN listed taxa, Polygyra hippocrepis and Polygyra peregrina, are now usually named Daedalochila hippocrepis and Millerelix peregrina.

Polygyridae
Polygyridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.

The Polygyridae make up a significant proportion of the land snail fauna of eastern North America, and are also found in western North America, northern Central America, and are present on some Caribbean islands. The definitive reference to the group is Henry Pilsbry's 1940 monograph.
1:64 scale
The 1:64 scale is a traditional scale for models and miniatures, in which one unit (such as an inch or a centimeter) on the model represents 64 units on the actual object. It is also known as the "three-sixteenths scale" since 3/16 of an inch represents one foot. An average human is approximately 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) tall when represented in 1:64 scale.

Die-cast toy
A die-cast toy (also spelled diecast, or die cast) is a toy or a collectible model produced by using the die-casting method of putting molten lead, zinc alloy or plastic in a mold to produce a particular shape. Such toys are made of metal, with plastic, rubber, glass, or other machined metal parts. Wholly plastic toys are made by a similar process of injection molding, but the two methods are distinct because of the properties of the materials.
Digital Visual Interface
Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video display interface developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG). The digital interface is used to connect a video source, such as a video display controller, to a display device, such as a computer monitor. It was developed with the intention of creating an industry standard for the transfer of uncompressed digital video content.

DVI devices manufactured as DVI-I have support for analog connections, and are compatible with the analog VGA interface by including VGA pins, while DVI-D devices are digital-only. This compatibility, along with other advantages, led to its widespread acceptance over competing digital display standards Plug and Display (P&D) and Digital Flat Panel (DFP). Although DVI is predominantly associated with computers, it is sometimes used in other consumer electronics such as television sets and DVD players.

Extended Display Identification Data
Extended Display Identification Data (EDID) and Enhanced EDID (E-EDID) are metadata formats for display devices to describe their capabilities to a video source (e.g., graphics card or set-top box). The data format is defined by a standard published by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA).

The EDID data structure includes manufacturer name and serial number, product type, phosphor or filter type (as chromaticity data), timings supported by the display, display size, luminance data and (for digital displays only) pixel mapping data.

DisplayID is a VESA standard targeted to replace EDID and E-EDID extensions with a uniform format suited for both PC monitor and consumer electronics devices.
North Pohorje–Remšnik dialect
The North Pohorje–Remšnik dialect (Slovene: severnopohorsko-remšniško narečje) is a Slovene dialect in the Carinthian dialect group. It is spoken east of the Mežica dialect on both sides of the Drava River, extending westwards to east of Dravograd, and eastwards to west of Fala and west of Selnica ob Dravi. It also extends northwards across the Austrian border at Soboth and north of the Radlje ob Dravi border crossing. Major settlements in the dialect area are Muta, Vuzenica, Radlje ob Dravi, Vuhred, Ribnica na Pohorju, Lovrenc na Pohorju, and Fala.

Carinthian dialect group
The Carinthian dialect group (koroška narečna skupina, koroščina: 71 ) is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene, a South Slavic language. The Carinthian dialects are spoken by Carinthian Slovenes in Austria, in Slovenian Carinthia, and in the northwestern parts of Slovenian Styria along the upper Drava Valley, in the westernmost areas of Upper Carniola on the border with Italy, and in some villages in the Province of Udine in Italy.