hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oliver E. Williamson
Oliver Eaton Williamson (September 27, 1932 – May 21, 2020) was an American economist, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which he shared with Elinor Ostrom.

His contributions to transaction cost economics and the theory of the firm have been influential in the social sciences, law and economics. Williamson described his work as "a blend of soft social science and abstract economic theory".

The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization
The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering law and economics. It was established in 1985 and is published by Oxford University Press. The founding editors were Oliver E. Williamson and Jerry L. Mashaw. It is supported by the Olin Center for Studies in Law, Economics, and Public Policy at Yale Law School. The editor-in-chief is Andrea Prat (Columbia University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.212, ranking it 126th out of 347 journals in the category "Economics" and 49th out of 147 in the category "Law".
Rahmaniyya
The Raḥmâniyya (Arabic: الرحمانية) is an Algerian Sufi order (tariqa or brotherhood) founded by Kabyle religious scholar Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥman al-Azhari Bu Qabrayn in the 1770s. It was initially a branch of the Khalwatîya (Arabic: الخلوتية) established in Kabylia region. However, its membership grew unwaveringly elsewhere in Algeria and in North Africa.

Cheikh El Haddad
Muhand Amezyan Aheddad (30 November 1790, Seddouk - 29 April 1873, Constantine), also known as Cheikh El Haddad, was a prominent leader in the 1871 uprising in Algeria. He collaborated closely with Cheikh El Mokrani and Boumezrag El Mokrani during this period.
One Day (South Korean band)
One Day (Korean: 원데이; RR: Wondei) was an eleven-member South Korean band formed by Korean musician Park Jin-young of JYP Entertainment. After performing as one group, it was splintered into two separate bands, the ballad-oriented group 2AM and the dance-focused group 2PM. Since their debut, 2AM and 2PM members have frequently appeared together on YouTube videos and television programs, collaborated together on songs, and performed together.

Ok Taec-yeon
Ok Taec-yeon (Korean: 옥택연; born December 27, 1988), known mononymously as Taecyeon, is a South Korean rapper, singer, actor, and entrepreneur. In 2008, he debuted as the rapper of the South Korean boy band 2PM. In 2010, Ok debuted as an actor in the Korean drama Cinderella's Stepsister and has since starred in notable television series such as Dream High (2011), Bring It On, Ghost (2016), Vincenzo (2021), and The First Night with the Duke (2025), as well as films such as Hansan: Rising Dragon (2022). As a solo artist, he has released one studio album in Japan titled Taecyeon Special: Winter Hitori.
William Ellery
William Ellery (December 22, 1727 – February 15, 1820) was a Founding Father of the United States, one of the 56 signers of the United States Declaration of Independence, and a signer of the Articles of Confederation as a representative of Rhode Island.

In 1764, the Baptists consulted with Ellery and Congregationalist Reverend Ezra Stiles on writing a charter for the college that became Brown University. Ellery and Stiles attempted to give control of the college to the Congregationalists, but the Baptists withdrew the petition until it was rewritten to assure Baptist control. Neither Ellery nor Stiles accepted appointment to the reserved Congregationalist seats on the board of trustees.

Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery
The Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery are a pair of separate cemeteries on Farewell and Warner Street in Newport, Rhode Island. Together they contain over 5,000 graves, including a colonial-era slave cemetery and Jewish graves. The pair of cemeteries was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a single listing in 1974.
Philip Telford Georges
Philip Telford Georges, OCC, DAH was Chief Justice of the Judiciary of Tanzania from 1965 to 1971, and several other appellate positions.

He  was born to John Henry Duport Georges and Milutine Cox and in Roseau, Dominica on January 5, 1923.

Chief Justice of the Judiciary of Tanzania
The chief justice of the Judiciary of Tanzania is the highest post in the judicial system of United Republic of Tanzania. The chief justice is appointed by the president and presides over the Court of Appeal of United Republic of Tanzania.
Malvina Gruber
Malvina Gruber, née Hofstadterová (born 6 December 1900), was a Slovak Jewish Comintern agent, who was part of a Soviet intelligence network in Belgium and France, that was later called the Red Orchestra ("Rote Kapelle") by the Abwehr, during Nazi regime. Gruber worked as a cutout, but her specialism was couriering people across borders. From 1938 to 1942, Gruber worked as assistant to Soviet agent Abraham Rajchmann, a forger, who provided identity papers, e.g. the Kennkarte, Carte d'identité and travel permits, for the espionage group. At the beginning of 1942, she was arrested in Brussels by the Abwehr.

Abraham Rajchmann
Abraham Rajchmann (born 24 September 1902) was a Jewish Polish career criminal and revolutionary militant,  expert forger and engraver who worked for Soviet intelligence from 1934. Through his contact with Comintern official Léon Grossvogel, he was recruited into a Soviet espionage group initially in Belgium that was being run by Leopold Trepper, that would later be called the Red Orchestra ("Rote Kapelle") by the Abwehr, during the Nazi period. Rajchmann used a number of aliases to disguise his identity, including Adam Blanssi, Arthur Roussel, Katenmann, Fabrikant and Max.
Marquess of Dorset
The title Marquess of Dorset has been created three times in the Peerage of England. It was first created in 1397 for John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, but he lost the title two years later. It was then created in 1442 for Edmund Beaufort, 1st Earl of Dorset, who was created Duke of Somerset in 1448. That creation was attainted in 1463.

It was created a third time in 1475 for Thomas Grey, 1st Earl of Huntingdon, who then resigned the earldom. The Marquess held the subsidiary title of Baron Ferrers of Groby (1299). The third marquess was created Duke of Suffolk in 1551, but he was attainted in 1554 and all the peerages were forfeited.

Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset
Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, 4th Earl of Somerset, 1st Earl of Dorset, 1st Marquess of Dorset styled 1st Count of Mortain, (1406 – 22 May 1455), was an English nobleman and an important figure during the Hundred Years' War. His rivalry with Richard, Duke of York, was a leading cause of the Wars of the Roses.
Battle of Ulundi
The Battle of Ulundi (also known as the Battle of kwaNodwengu or the Battle of oCwecweni) took place at the Zulu capital of Ulundi (Zulu: oNdini) on 4 July 1879 and was the last battle of the Anglo-Zulu War. The British Army broke the military power of the Zulu Kingdom by defeating the main Zulu army and capturing and burning the royal kraal of oNdini.

Natal Native Contingent
The Natal Native Contingent was a large force of auxiliary soldiers in British South Africa, forming a substantial portion of the defence forces of the British colony of Natal. The Contingent saw action during the 1879 Anglo-Zulu War. The Natal Mounted Police was created in 1873 to bolster the defenses of Natal. It enlisted European officers, NCOs and natives. The infantry was created in 1878. Most enlisted troops were drawn from the Basuto and Mpondo tribes, which had had long experience fighting the Zulus.
Timeline of cable television in the United Kingdom
This is a timeline of cable television in the United Kingdom.

The first part of the timeline covers the development of cable across the country, including details of the cable-exclusive channels which launched in the 1990s as part of cable television's attempt to compete with BSkyB's satellite television.

The merger of NTL and Telewest effectively resulted in a single national network, covering just over half the country. The second part of the timeline covers Virgin Media.

Premiere (TV channel)
Premiere (also known as PREM1ERE on air) was launched on 1 September 1984 as the first subscription movie channel that broadcast to Europe via satellite alongside the other services of that time including Sky Channel, Music Box and The Children's Channel.
Battle of Binakayan–Dalahican
The Battle of Binakayan–Dalahican (Tagalog: Labanan sa Binakayan–Dalahikan; Spanish: Batalla de Binakayan-Dalahican) was a simultaneous battle during the Philippine Revolution that was fought on November 9–11, 1896 that led to a decisive Filipino victory. The twin battle took place at the shores of Binakayan, in the town of Cavite Viejo (also called Cavite el Viejo, now Kawit); Dalahican and Dagatan in Noveleta; and, to minimal extent, in Imus and Bacoor towns in Cavite, Philippines that lasted for two days before the Spanish army retreated demoralized and in disarray. The result of the battle was the first significant Filipino victory in the country's history.

Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquess of Peña Plata
Ramón Blanco Erenas Riera y Polo, 1st Marquess of Peña Plata (September 15, 1833 – April 4, 1906) was a Spanish brigadier and colonial administrator. Born in San Sebastián, he was sent to the Caribbean in 1858 and governed Cuba and Santo Domingo. In 1861, he returned to Spain but was then sent to the Philippines (1866–1871).

Afterwards, he returned to Spain and served in the Third Carlist War, where he attained the rank of brigadier.  He served as captain-general of Navarre after taking part in the 1876 offensive in the valley of Baztan; he acquired his marquessate during this time.  He was sent to Cuba as captain-general in April 1879, and was involved in the Little War. He returned to Spain in November 1881 and served as Captain General of Catalonia and Extremadura.
Wing Commander III: Heart of the Tiger
Wing Commander III: Heart of the Tiger is the third main game in Chris Roberts' Wing Commander science fiction space combat simulation video game series, developed and released by Origin Systems in December 1994. It was a departure from previous games in the series in that it uses extensive live action full-motion video to add an interactive movie-style presentation to the space combat gameplay, emphasized by its advertising slogan, "Don't watch the game, play the movie!". The game's more than two hours of video featured a number of prominent movie stars including Mark Hamill as Colonel Christopher "Maverick" Blair, Malcolm McDowell as Admiral Tolwyn, John Rhys-Davies as James "Paladin" Taggart and Thrakhath nar Kiranka, and Tom Wilson as Todd "Maniac" Marshall.

Interactive film
An interactive film is a video game or other interactive media that has characteristics of a cinematic film. In the video game industry, the term refers to a movie game, a video game that presents its gameplay in a cinematic, scripted manner, often through the use of full-motion video of either animated or live-action footage.

In the film industry, the term "interactive film" refers to interactive cinema, a film where one or more viewers can interact with the film and influence the events that unfold in the film.
Lumpkin County, Georgia
Lumpkin County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,488. Its county seat is Dahlonega. Lumpkin County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia metropolitan statistical area.

Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest
The Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest in northern Georgia comprises two United States National Forests, the Oconee National Forest in eastern Georgia and the Chattahoochee National Forest located in the North Georgia Mountains.  The Chattahoochee National Forest is composed of an eastern and western forest. The western forest contains Johns Mountain, Little Sand Mountain, and Taylor Ridge. The combined total area of the Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest is 867,265 acres (3,510 km2), of which the Chattahoochee National Forest comprises 751,069 acres (3,039 km2) and the Oconee National Forest comprises 116,196 acres (470 km2).  The county with the largest portion of the eastern forest is Rabun County, Georgia, which has 148,684 acres (601.7 km2) within its boundaries.
Disk encryption theory
Disk encryption is a special case of data at rest protection when the storage medium is a sector-addressable device (e.g., a hard disk). This article presents cryptographic aspects of the problem. For an overview, see disk encryption. For discussion of different software packages and hardware devices devoted to this problem, see disk encryption software and disk encryption hardware.

BestCrypt
BestCrypt, developed by Jetico, is a commercial disk encryption app available for Windows, Linux, macOS and Android.

BestCrypt comes in two editions: BestCrypt Volume Encryption to encrypt entire disk volumes; BestCrypt Container Encryption to encrypt virtual disks stored as computer files.

BestCrypt also provides the complimentary data erasure utility BCWipe.
Quintal da Música
Quintal da Música, abbreviation: 5tal da Música is a music pub located in the downtown area of Praia, the Plateau and is located at 70A Avenida Amílcar Cabral in the northern part of the center, across Rua António Pusich and south of Rua António Macedo.  It is one of the most famous and most used pubs and music pubs in Cape Verde.

Nearby buildings includes the Wari cell phone store, southeast is Museu Etnográfico da Praia and northeast is the PAICV office.

Plateau (Praia)
Plateau is the historic centre of the capital city of Praia on the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It gets its name (from French “plateau”) because it is situated on a plateau overlooking the port of Praia. Its average elevation is 37 meters above sea level. The population of Plateau was 1,019 at the 2010 census. Many public buildings are situated in Plateau, notably the Presidential Palace, the cathedral, the city hall and the Ethnographic Museum.

Adjacent neighbourhoods are Gamboa/Chã de Areia to the south, Várzea to the southwest and west, Achadinha to the northwest, Fazenda to the north and Praia Negra to the east.
The Prairie
The Prairie: A Tale is an 1827 novel by James Fenimore Cooper, the third novel written by him featuring Natty Bumppo. His fictitious frontier hero Bumppo is never called by his name, but is instead referred to as "the trapper" or "the old man". Chronologically The Prairie is the fifth and final installment of the Leatherstocking Tales, though it was published before The Pathfinder (1840) and The Deerslayer (1841). It depicts Natty in the final year of his life, still proving helpful to people in distress on the American frontier. The book frequently references characters and events from the two books previously published in the Leatherstocking Tales as well as the two which Cooper would not write for more than ten years. Continuity with The Last of the Mohicans is indicated by the appearance of the grandson of Duncan and Alice Heyward, as well as the noble Pawnee chief Hard Heart, whose name is English for the French nickname for the Delaware, le Coeur-dur.

Natty Bumppo
Nathaniel "Natty" Bumppo is a fictional character and the protagonist of James Fenimore Cooper's pentalogy of novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales. He appears throughout the series as an archetypal American ranger, and has been portrayed many times in a variety of media in popular culture.
OLT (mobile network)
OLT (Norwegian for Offentlig Landmobil Telefoni, Public Land Mobile Telephony), was the first land mobile telephone network in Norway. It was established December 1, 1966, and continued until it was obsoleted by NMT in 1990. In 1981, there were 30,000 mobile subscribers, which at the time made this network the largest in the world.

The network operated in the 160 MHz VHF band, using frequency modulation (FM) on  160-162 MHz for the mobile unit, and 168-170 MHz for the base station. Most mobile sets were semi-duplex, but some of the more expensive units were full duplex. Each subscriber was assigned a five digit phone number.

In 1976, the OLT system was extended to include UHF bands, incorporating MTD, and allowing international roaming within Scandinavian countries.

MTD (mobile network)
MTD (Swedish abbreviation for Mobiltelefonisystem D, or Mobile telephony system D) was a manual mobile phone system for the 450 MHz frequency band. It was introduced in 1971 in Sweden, and lasted until 1987, when it was made obsolete by the NMT automatic service. The MTD network had 20,000 users at its peak, with 700 people employed as phone operators.

MTD was also implemented in Denmark and in Norway (from 1976), which allowed roaming within the Scandinavian countries.
Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana
The Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana (ANFI; Italian National Feline Association) is the Italian official registry association for catteries and cat breeding. It was formed in 1934 and is currently recognized by the Italian Ministerial decree dated 9 June 2005.  Every year it organizes cat shows all over the country.

ANFI is one of the founding members of the Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFe).

Fédération Internationale Féline
Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFe) (lit. 'International Feline Federation') is a globally operating federation of Felidae animals (mainly domestic cats). In 2026, the federation had 42 members from 40 countries. FIFe is one of the nine members of the World Cat Congress, making it one of the major cat registries for pedigree registration of cat breeds.
Montargis
Montargis (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃taʁʒi]) is a commune in the Loiret department, Centre-Val de Loire, France.

Montargis is the seventh most populous commune in the Centre-Val de Loire région, and the second in the Loiret département after Orléans. It is near a large forest, and contains light industry and farming, including saffron. Due to its numerous canals and bridges, Montargis sometimes bills itself as the "Venice of the Gâtinais." Though quite modern, it retains a medieval charm in its downtown area.

Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester
Eleanor of England (also called Eleanor Plantagenet and Eleanor of Leicester) (1215 – 13 April 1275) was the youngest child of John, King of England and Isabella of Angoulême. She married Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.
Pulse generator
A pulse generator is either an electronic circuit or a piece of electronic test equipment used to generate rectangular pulses. Pulse generators are used primarily for working with digital circuits; related function generators are used primarily for analog circuits.

Electronic test equipment
Electronic test equipment is used to create signals and capture responses from electronic devices under test (DUTs). In this way, the proper operation of the DUT can be proven or faults in the device can be traced. Use of electronic test equipment is essential to any serious work on electronics systems.

Practical electronics engineering and assembly requires the use of many different kinds of electronic test equipment ranging from the very simple and inexpensive (such as a test light consisting of just a light bulb and a test lead) to extremely complex and sophisticated such as automatic test equipment (ATE). ATE often includes many of these instruments in real and simulated forms.

Generally, more advanced test gear is necessary when developing circuits and systems than is needed when doing production testing or when troubleshooting existing production units in the field.
Listed buildings in Kirkoswald, Cumbria
Kirkoswald is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It contains 57 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, seven are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Kirkoswald, the smaller village of Renwick, and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings include a castle, now in ruins, two tower houses, one that developed into a country house, and the other into a farmhouse, and buildings formerly associated with a collegiate church.  Most of the other listed buildings consist of houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  Included in the other listed buildings are churches, a separate bell tower, hotels and public houses, shops, village stocks, a bridge, a former water mill, a bank, a manorial boundary stone, a war memorial, and a telephone kiosk.

Kirkoswald, Cumbria
Kirkoswald is a village, civil parish, and former market town located in Westmorland and Furness, England, about 9 miles (14 km) from Penrith. The village is in the historic county of Cumberland. The village, referred to colloquially as KO, had a population of 870 at the 2001 census, which rose to 901 at the 2011 Census.
Bamble Church
Bamble Church (Norwegian: Bamble kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bamble Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Bamble. It is one of the churches for the Bamble og Herre parish which is part of the Bamble prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1845 using plans drawn up by the architect Gustav Adolph Lammers. The church seats about 400 people.

This modern church is built about 150 metres (490 ft) to the north of the ruins of the old St. Olav's Church, a much older stone church, probably constructed before 1150.

Bamble (village)
Bamble is a village in Bamble Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the south of the European route E18 highway, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southwest of the town of Stathelle and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the northeast of the village of Botten. Bamble Church is located in the village.
Cocquio-Trevisago
Cocquio-Trevisago (Italian: [ˈkɔkkwjo treviˈzaːɡo]; Varesino: Coeuch-Trevisagh [ˈkøːk treʋiˈzaːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Varese. As of 31 December 2004 it had a population of 4,701 and an area of 9.6 square kilometres (3.7 sq mi).

Cocquio-Trevisago borders the following municipalities: Azzio, Besozzo, Cuvio, Gavirate, Gemonio, Orino.

Cuvio
Cuvio (Western Lombard: Cüj) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Varese.

Cuvio borders the following municipalities: Azzio, Barasso, Casalzuigno, Castello Cabiaglio, Cocquio-Trevisago, Comerio, Cuveglio, Gavirate, Orino.
Serbia national cricket team
The Serbian national cricket team represents Serbia in international cricket. It is governed by the Serbian Cricket Federation (also known as Kriket federacija Srbije) which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in June 2015 and has been an associate member since 2017.

Bulgaria national cricket team
The Bulgaria national cricket team represents Bulgaria in international cricket. The team is organised by the Bulgarian Cricket Federation, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2008 and an associate member in 2017. Bulgaria made its international debut in 2004, at the ECC Representative Championship in Slovenia. The majority of its matches since then have come against other European affiliate members of the ICC, including in several European Cricket Council (ECC) tournaments.