hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shear strength
In engineering, shear strength is the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure when the material or component fails in shear. A shear load is a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the force. When a paper is cut with scissors, the paper fails in shear.

In structural and  mechanical engineering, the shear strength of a component is important for designing the dimensions and materials to be used for the manufacture or construction of the component (e.g. beams, plates, or bolts). In a reinforced concrete beam, the main purpose of reinforcing bar (rebar) stirrups is to increase the shear strength.

Shearing (physics)
In continuum mechanics, shearing refers to the occurrence of a shear strain, which is a deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another.  It is induced by a shear stress in the material.  Shear strain is distinguished from volumetric strain. The change in a material's volume in response to stress and change of angle is called the angle of shear.
Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha (also known as Cağaloğlu Yusuf Sinan Pasha; c. 1545–1605), his epithet meaning "son of Cicala", was an Ottoman Italian statesman who held the office of Grand Vizier for forty days between 27 October to 5 December 1596, during the reign of Mehmed III. He was also a Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Navy) as well as a military general. He was one of the most capable statesmen of the Ottoman Classical Age, having contributed to the eastwards expansion of the empire at the expense of Persia and successfully defended Ottoman Hungary from Habsburg invasion. However, because of court intricacies, he resigned from the Vizierate after just over a month in office.

Cağaloğlu
Cağaloğlu is a quarter located in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. Much of the publishing industry in Istanbul is located in Cağaloğlu. It is also famous for its ancient hamam, or Turkish bath, known as the Cağaloğlu Hamam.
Composite good
In economics, a composite good is an abstraction that represents all but one of the goods in the relevant budget.

Consumer demand theory shows how the composite may be treated as if it were only a single good as to properties hypothesized about demand.  The composite good represents what is given up along consumer's budget constraint to consume more of the first good.

Value and Capital
Value and Capital: An Inquiry Into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory is a book by the British economist John Richard Hicks, published in 1939. It is considered a classic exposition of microeconomic theory. Central results include:

extension of consumer theory for individual and market equilibrium as to goods demanded with explicit use of only ordinal utility for individuals, rather than requiring interpersonal utility comparisons

analysis of the 2-good as to effects of a price change and mathematical extension to any number of goods without loss of generality

parallel results for production theory

extension of general equilibrium theory of markets and adaptation  of static-equilibrium theory to economic dynamics in distinguishing temporary and long-run equilibrium through expectation of agents.
Olibanic acid
Olibanic acid is an organic compound that is naturally found in frankincense. Even though it is present in smaller concentrations than other components, it has a highly potent odor and is believed to be one of the key components responsible for the distinctive smell of frankincense. Both the (1S,2S)-(+)-trans and (1S,2R)-(+)-cis enantiomers are present and have similar but not identical "old church"-like odors.

Frankincense
Frankincense, also known as olibanum (/oʊˈlɪbənəm/), is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfume, obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae. The word is from Old French franc encens ('high-quality incense'). There are several species of Boswellia that produce  frankincense, including, but not limited to, Boswellia sacra (syn. B. bhaw-dajiana, syn. B. carteri), B. frereana, B. serrata (B. thurifera), and B. papyrifera. Resin from each is available in various grades which is affected by the time in which it is harvested. The resin is hand-sorted for quality.
Nabis (art)
The Nabis (French: les nabis, French pronunciation: [le nabi]) were a group of young French artists active in Paris from 1888 until 1900, who played a large part in the transition from Impressionism and academic art to abstract art, symbolism and the other early movements of modernism. The members included Pierre Bonnard, Maurice Denis, Paul Ranson, Édouard Vuillard, Ker-Xavier Roussel, Félix Vallotton, Paul Sérusier and Auguste Cazalis. Most were students at the Académie Julian in Paris in the late 1880s. The artists shared a common admiration for Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne and a determination to renew the art of painting, but varied greatly in their individual styles. They believed that a work of art was not a depiction of nature, but a synthesis of metaphors and symbols created by the artist. In 1900, the artists held their final exhibition and went their separate ways.

Henry Lerolle
Henry Lerolle (3 October 1848 – 22 April 1929) was a French painter, art collector and patron, born in Paris. He studied at Académie Suisse and in the studio of Louis Lamothe.

His work was exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1868, 1885, and 1895. In 1889 Lerolle painted the murals The Crowning of Science and The Teaching of Science in the Hôtel de Ville, Paris. He painted Flight into Egypt in the Sorbonne, and also did works in Schola Cantorum (the establishment of which he was involved), and the church of St. Martin des Champs, both in Paris. Lerolle was made a Chevalier, Légion d'honneur in 1889.

Lerolle's paintings are in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Musée d'Orsay and the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco.
Salem Al Ketbi
Salem Al Ketbi is a renowned Emirati political analyst, researcher and opinion writer. Al Ketbi has a Ph.D. in Public Law and Political Science from the Hassan II University, Casablanca, for his thesis titled "Political and religious propaganda and leadership through the social media in the Arab World" (Al-Diayah wa al-Qiyadah al-Siyasiah wa al-Diniyah Abra Shabakat al-Tawasul al-Ijtimai fi al-Mintaqah al-Arabiyah). Al Ketbi is a bedouin.

Hassan II University of Casablanca
Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C) (Arabic: جامعة الحسن الثاني بالدار البیضاء‎; French: Université Hassan II de Casablanca) is a public university located in Casablanca, Morocco. It was established in 1975 and took its current form on September 2014 following the merger of Hassan II University Ain Chock – Casablanca and Hassan II University Mohammedia.

The university offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs across various disciplines, including science, engineering, medicine, law, and the humanities. It is one of the largest higher education institutions in Morocco, hosting numerous faculties, schools, and research centers.
Daming Palace
The Daming Palace was the imperial palace complex of the Tang dynasty, located in its capital Chang'an. It served as the imperial residence of the Tang emperors for more than 220 years. Today, it is designated as a national heritage site of China, and part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor". The area is located northeast of present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.

Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor
Silk Roads: The Routes Network of Chang'an-Tian Shan Corridor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which covers the Chang'an-Tianshan portion of the ancient Silk Road and historical sites along the route.  On June 22, 2014, UNESCO designated a 5,000 km (3,100 mi) stretch of the Silk Road network from Central China to the Zhetysu region of Central Asia as a World Heritage site. The corridor spans China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and includes 33 new sites and several previously designated heritage sites.
Ulvhild Håkansdotter
Ulvhild Håkansdotter (Swedish: Ulfhild; c. 1095 – c. 1148) was twice Queen of Sweden (c. 1117–25 and c. 1134–48) and once Queen of Denmark (c. 1130–34) through her successive marriages to Inge II of Sweden, Niels of Denmark, and Sverker I of Sweden. Ulvhild had an important role in the Nordic dynastic connections of her time, but the sources are insufficient on detailed circumstances. She is mentioned as a femme fatale of medieval Scandinavia, as well as a benefactor of the Catholic Church.

Vreta Abbey
Vreta Abbey (Swedish: Vreta kloster), in operation from the beginning of the 12th century to 1582, was the first nunnery in Sweden, initially Benedictine and later Cistercian, and one of the oldest in Scandinavia. It was located in the present-day municipality of Linköping in Östergötland.
Solai
Solai is a town in Nakuru County, Kenya. It is located about thirty kilometers north of the county capital, Nakuru. Lake Solai lies to its north.

Administratively, Solai is a location in Solai division of Nakuru County. Solai location has a population of 35,949. Solai is also an electoral ward in Subukia Constituency and Nakuru County Council.

Elevation = 1952m.

Lake Solai
Lake Solai is a saltwater lake in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. It is located near the town of Solai, at an elevation of 1,667 metres (5,469 ft). Geological conditions at the lake during the Little Ice Age have been the object of a scientific study.

In 2014 there was a major contamination event at the lake.

Nakuru county government has stocked the lake with fish and provided motor boats for fishing and tourism.
Ak-Suu (Chu)
The Ak-Suu or Aqsu (Kyrgyz: Ак-Суу [ɑq suː], Kazakh: Ақсу Aqsū, both meaning "white water") is a river running through mostly Moskva District, Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan and Shu District, Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan. It is 155 kilometres (96 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 483 square kilometres (186 sq mi). It takes its rise on the northern slope of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too, and it runs through the Narzan Valley north into the Chüy Valley and through the city of Belovodskoye, which is named after it. It flows into the Chu (left tributary) in southern Kazakhstan.

Belovodskoye
Belovodskoye (Kyrgyz and Russian: Беловодское) is a large village in the Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 23,046 in 2021. It is the administrative seat of Moskva District, and is located on the European route E40 (M39) Bishkek to Chimkent highway.
Mimsy Were the Borogoves
"Mimsy Were the Borogoves" is a science fiction short story by Lewis Padgett (a pseudonym of American writers Henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore), originally published in the February 1943 issue of Astounding Science Fiction Magazine. It was judged by the Science Fiction Writers of America to be among the best science fiction stories written prior to 1965 and included in the anthology The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume One, 1929–1964. In 2007, it was loosely adapted into a feature-length film titled The Last Mimzy. The title of the original short story quotes a verse from "Jabberwocky", a poem found in the novel Through the Looking-Glass by author Lewis Carroll.

C. L. Moore
Catherine Lucille Moore (January 24, 1911 – April 4, 1987) was an American science fiction and fantasy writer, who first came to prominence in the 1930s writing as C. L. Moore. She was among the first women to write in the science fiction and fantasy genres (though earlier woman writers in these genres include Clare Winger Harris, Greye La Spina, and Francis Stevens, among others).  Moore's work paved the way for many other female speculative fiction writers.

Moore married her first husband Henry Kuttner in 1940, and most of her work from 1940 to 1958 (Kuttner's death) was written by the couple collaboratively. They were prolific co-authors under their own names, although more often under any one of several pseudonyms.

As "Catherine Kuttner", she had a brief career as a television scriptwriter from 1958 to 1962. She retired from writing in 1963.
Total Nonstop Deletion
Total Nonstop Deletion was a professional wrestling special event episode of Impact Wrestling produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. It took place on December 15, 2016, at the Hardy Compound in Cameron, North Carolina. The event included special appearances by The Rock 'n' Roll Express, Road Warrior Animal, ODB, Disco Inferno, Swoggle and The Bravado Brothers among other independent wrestling tag teams from CWF Mid-Atlantic.

ODB (wrestler)
Jessica Nora Kresa (born June 6, 1978) is an American professional wrestler better known as ODB (One Dirty Bitch). Best known for her time in TNA Wrestling, she is a four-time TNA Women's Knockout Champion, and a one-time TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion.
Northern Islands High School
Northern Islands High School (NIHS) is a secondary school in Wotje, Marshall Islands. It is a part of the Marshall Islands Public School System.

The school serves the following atolls and islands in the north of the country: Wotje, Ailuk, Aur, Likiep, Maloelap, Mejit, and Utrik.

It has a boarding program for students from distant atolls and islands.

Maloelap Atoll
The Maloelap Atoll (Marshallese: M̧aļoeļap, [mˠɑlˠɔːɛlˠɑpʲ]) (also spelled Maleolap) is a coral atoll of 71 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands.  Its land area is only 9.8 square kilometers (3.8 sq mi), but that encloses a lagoon of 972 square kilometers (375 sq mi). It is located 18 kilometers (11 mi) north of the atoll of Aur. The population of the atoll was 395 at the 2021 census.

The largest of the islands that make up the atoll are Taroa (the administrative center of the atoll), in the northeast, and Kaben in the northwest. Only three of the other islands in the atoll are inhabited: Airuk, Wolot and Jang. The island is served by Air Marshall Islands via Maloelap Airport.
Siksha (film)
Siksha (transl. Punishment) is a 1985 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by Relangi Narasimha Rao and starring Suhasini Maniratnam and Sarath Babu. The film was a remake of 1984 Tamil film Sirai.

Relangi Narasimha Rao
Relangi Narasimha Rao (born 30 September 1951) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who predominantly works in Telugu cinema. He is well known for his comedy films, especially his collaborations with actors Chandra Mohan and Rajendra Prasad. His notable films include Gundammagari Krishnulu (1987), Dabbevariki Chedu (1987), Samsaram (1988), Chinnodu Peddodu (1988), Mama Alludu (1990), Police Bharya (1990), Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police (1991), Edurinti Mogudu Pakkinti Pellam (1991).

He has directed over 70 films, mostly in Telugu, seven films in Kannada, as well as one film in Tamil. He also directed two TV series in Telugu. He won a Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer for the film Sundari Subbarao (1984), which he directed too. He introduced writers like Diwakar Babu and Sankaramanchi Parthasarathy. He also introduced Telugu cinema actors like Suman, Revathy, and Kinnera to Telugu cinema.
Grand Forks Township, North Dakota
Grand Forks Township is a township in Grand Forks County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 465 at the 2020 census.

The township is increasingly shrinking in area due to gradual annexation by Grand Forks.

Grand Forks County, North Dakota
Grand Forks County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 73,170, and was estimated to be 73,771 in 2024, making it the third-most populous county in North Dakota. The county seat and the largest city is Grand Forks. Grand Forks County is included in the Grand Forks Metropolitan statistical area, aka Greater Grand Forks or Grand Cities area, with its core cities being Grand Forks ND and East Grand Forks MN.
Artemidiconus
Artemidiconus is a monospecific genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conorbidae.

Like other species in the superfamily Conoidea these snails are predatory and venomous, able to inject neurotoxins into their prey with their radula.

This genus was added to the family Conorbidae by Tucker & Tenorio (2009)

Conorbidae
Conorbidae  is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. Despite the name of the family, which might seem to suggest otherwise, this group of gastropods are not cone snails, but are instead what used to be loosely called "turrids".
Isoquinoline
Isoquinoline is an individual chemical specimen—a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound—as well as the name of a family of many thousands of natural plant alkaloids, any one of which might be referred to as "an isoquinoline". It is a structural isomer of quinoline. Isoquinoline and quinoline are benzopyridines, which are composed of a benzene ring fused to a pyridine ring. In a broader sense, the term isoquinoline is used to make reference to isoquinoline derivatives. 1-Benzylisoquinoline is the structural backbone in many naturally occurring alkaloids such as papaverine. The isoquinoline ring in these natural compound derives from the aromatic amino acid tyrosine.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
George Fenton
George Richard Ian Howe Fenton (born 19 October 1949), known professionally as George Fenton, is an English composer. Best known for his work writing film scores and music for television, he has received five Academy Award nominations, several Ivor Novello, BAFTA, Golden Globe, Emmy and BMI Awards, and a Classic BRIT. He is one of 18 songwriters and composers to have been made a Fellow of the Ivors Academy (formally BASCA).

He has frequently collaborated with the directors Richard Attenborough, Nora Ephron, Alastair Fothergill, Stephen Frears, Nicholas Hytner, Ken Loach, Andy Tennant, Neil Jordan and Terry Gilliam.

Dangerous Liaisons
Dangerous Liaisons is a 1988 American period romantic drama film directed by Stephen Frears, from a screenplay by Christopher Hampton based on his 1985 play Les Liaisons Dangereuses, itself adapted from the 1782 French novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos. The film depicts schemes of seduction and revenge among aristocrats in 18th century France, and stars Glenn Close, John Malkovich, Michelle Pfeiffer, Uma Thurman, Swoosie Kurtz, Mildred Natwick, Peter Capaldi and Keanu Reeves.

Dangerous Liaisons was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures on December 21, 1988. Grossing $35.3 million against its $14 million budget, the film was a modest box-office success. It was nominated for seven awards at the 61st Academy Awards, including Best Picture, winning three: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Costume Design, and Best Production Design.
Barbara Steiner
Barbara Steiner (born 1964) is an Austrian art historian, curator, author, and editor. Steiner is the director of the Bauhaus Dessau Foundation. She served as the director of the Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig from 2001 to 2011, and as the director of Kunsthaus Graz from 2016 to 2021.

Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig
The Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig (GfZK) (English: Gallery for Contemporary Art) is an exhibition center for contemporary art and a museum for art post 1945 in Leipzig, Germany, in a beautiful location opposite Johannapark.
Greville Verney, 8th Baron Willoughby de Broke
Greville Verney, 8th Baron Willoughby de Broke and de jure 16th Baron Latimer (c. 1620 – 9 December 1648) was a peer in the peerage of England.

Greville Verney was born circa 1620, the elder son of Greville Verney, 7th Baron Willoughby de Broke (1586–1642), and Katherine Southwell. He inherited the title 8th Baron Willoughby de Broke and 16th Baron Latimer on the death of his father in 1642. He married Elizabeth Wenman. Upon his death, on 9 December 1648, the title passed to his only son, Greville Verney.

He served as High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1647.

Katherine Southwell
Katherine Southwell (died 1657) was an English courtier.

She was a daughter of Sir Robert Southwell and Elizabeth Howard, and a granddaughter of Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham.

She was a gentlewoman in the household of Anne of Denmark, with her sisters Elizabeth Southwell and Frances Southwell. Frances and Katherine were given mourning clothes on the death of Prince Henry in 1612.

She died in April 1657.
Battle Creek Crickets
The Battle Creek Crickets were a minor league baseball team based in Battle Creek, Michigan. From 1906 to 1915, the "Crickets" played as members of the Southern Michigan League for the duration of the league, winning the 1913 league championship. The Battle Creek Crickets teams hosted their home minor league games at Athletic Park.

George "Rube" Deneau
George Deneau (died January 10, 1926) was a Canadian minor league baseball player, manager, and promoter who played on a number of Ontario and Michigan teams between 1898 and 1915. Known best by his nickname "Rube," he was born in Amherstburg, Ontario, about 20 miles downriver from Windsor, and died in 1926 at the age of 47. He was remarkably popular with fans in his day, and newspaper reports routinely refer to the teams he was on as "Deneau's Boys," "the Deneauites," and (projecting his large build onto the entire team) "Deneau's huskies."

Deneau was primarily a pitcher but he also did well as a position player. His lifetime batting average (based on professional league games only) was .275 over ten seasons, 780 games, and 2918 at-bats.  Of his 803 hits, 98 were doubles, 16 triples, and 22 home runs. Slugging percentage: .241.  On-base percentage: .275.
Sanders Unified School District
Sanders Unified School District is a school district in the community of Sanders in Apache County in the US state of Arizona.

The district operates three schools, Sanders Elementary School (K-5), Sanders Middle School (grades 6–8) and Valley High School.

In addition to Sanders, Houck, Lupton, and Wide Ruins are in the district.

Lupton, Arizona
Lupton (Navajo: Tsé Siʼání) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. Lupton is located along Interstate 40 at the New Mexico border, 21 miles (34 km) southwest of Gallup, New Mexico. Lupton has a post office with ZIP code 86508. As of the 2010 census, the Lupton CDP had a population of 25.
Brian Hunter (trader)
Brian Hunter (born c. 1974) is a Canadian former natural gas trader for the now closed Amaranth Advisors hedge fund. Amaranth had over $9 billion in assets but collapsed in 2006 after Hunter's gamble on natural gas futures market went bad.

Amaranth Advisors
Amaranth Advisors LLC was an American multi-strategy hedge fund founded by Nicholas M. Maounis and headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut. At its peak, the firm had $9.2 billion in assets under management before collapsing in September 2006, after losing in excess of $6 billion on natural gas futures. Amaranth Advisors collapse is one of the biggest hedge fund collapses in history and at the time (2006) largest known trading losses.