hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Theatre (Washington, D.C.)
National Theatre is a public theatre in downtown Washington, D.C., just east of the White House. The theatre functions as a venue for live stage productions and has a seating capacity of 1,676. Despite its name, it is not a government-funded national theatre, and instead operates as a private, non-profit organization.

Founded in 1835, National Theatre is the second-oldest continuously operating theater company in the United States after Walnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia, which was founded in 1808. The original theatre was destroyed by fire in 1873. It was quickly rebuilt, but this second structure was destroyed in a second fire in 1885. A third structure opened as the New National Theatre in 1885 and operated under this name into the 1920s. In 1922 a major renovation and expansion was undertaken of that theatre which remains the current theatre.

Downtown (Washington, D.C.)
Downtown is the central business district of Washington, D.C., located in Northwest D.C. It is the third largest central business district in the United States. The "Traditional Downtown" has been defined as an area roughly between Union Station in the east and 16th Street NW in the west, and between the National Mall on the south and  Massachusetts Avenue on the north, including Penn Quarter. However, nowadays, Downtown D.C. can often refer to a larger area, as the DC Office of Planning states:

…most residents, workers, and visitors think of Downtown in a broader sense — including areas as far north as Dupont Circle, as far west as Foggy Bottom, and as far east as Capitol Hill. Only about half of the central city workforce is located within the city’s traditional Downtown.

A small portion of this area is known as the Downtown Historic District and was listed on the NRHP in 2001.
Société française radio-électrique
The Société française radio-électrique (SFR, Radiolectric French Company) was one of the first radiotelegraphic companies, founded by Émile Girardeau in 1910. It supported the conception and the production of the Radiola radio receivers, and the creation of the radio station of the same name.

It disappeared in 1957 after merging with Compagnie Générale de Télégraphie Sans Fil, later merged into Thomson-CSF.

Compagnie générale de la télégraphie sans fil
The Compagnie générale de la télégraphie sans fil (CSF: General Wireless Telegraphy Company) was a French company founded in 1918 during a reorganization and expansion of the Société française radio-électrique (SFR), which became a subsidiary. The company developed technology for radio-telegraphy, radio program transmission, radar, television and other applications. It provided broadcasting and telegraphy services, and sold its equipment throughout the French colonial empire and in many other parts of the world. In 1968 CSF merged with the Thomson-Brandt to form Thomson-CSF.
Muslim Independence Movement
The Muslim Independence Movement (MIM) was a secessionist political organization in the Philippines.

On 1 May 1968, two months after the Jabidah massacre, Datu Udtog Matalam, a former governor of Cotabato, issued a Manifesto for the declaration of the Muslim Independent Movement that sought for an independent Muslim state from the Philippines comprising Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan regions. The organization was later renamed as the Mindanao Independence Movement (still MIM) to assure non-Muslims in Cotabato that they are included in the envisioned state.

Although the MIM was not long-lasting, its impacts were far-reaching as it is argued to be the key factor that led to the formation of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF).

Jabidah massacre
The Jabidah massacre on March 18, 1968, was the assassinations or executions of Moro army recruits who allegedly mutinied upon learning the true nature of their mission. It is acknowledged as a major flashpoint that ignited the Moro conflict.

Author Cesar Adib Majul notes that the administration of Ferdinand Marcos had suppressed press coverage of the affair which led to a lack of documentation about the incident and varying accounts of the number of trainees killed, from 11 to 68. This eventually sparked calls for Moro independence and is acknowledged by the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) as a key moment in Bangsamoro history.

In 2013, Philippine president Benigno Aquino III, recognized that the massacre had taken place and acknowledged that it had "opened deep wounds" with Muslim Filipinos.
William Hugh Kling
William Hugh Kling (born April 29, 1942) is the founder and president emeritus of Minnesota Public Radio and American Public Media. He was also a founding member of the board of directors of National Public Radio, the founding chairman/president of Southern California Public Radio in Los Angeles, and the founding chairman and president of Public Radio International. Kling is a social media entrepreneur who built both nonprofit public media companies and for-profit companies to support those nonprofits.

Minnesota Public Radio
Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is a public radio network for the US state of Minnesota. With its three services, News & Information, YourClassical MPR and The Current, MPR operates a 46-station regional radio network in the upper Midwest.

MPR has won more than 875 journalism awards, including the Peabody Award, both the RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting award of the same name, and the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Gold Baton Award. As of September 2011, MPR was tied with WNYC for most listener support for a public radio network, and had the highest level of recurring monthly donors of any public radio network in the nation.

MPR also produces and distributes national public radio programming via American Public Media.
This Week Live
This Week Live is an Australian comedy chat show screening weekly on Network Ten from 24 July 2013. It is hosted by comedians Dave Thornton, Tommy Little, Tom Gleeson and Meshel Laurie. The show features discussions of topical subjects, guests on the panel and pre-recorded interviews and skits. The show is created and produced by Craig Campbell, Kevin Whyte, Tom Whitty and Hayden Guppy.

Rove McManus, Charlie Pickering and Peter Helliar have been guest panelists.

Dave Thornton
Dave Thornton (born 13 December 1979) is an Australian stand-up comedian, actor, television and radio presenter. He has performed stand-up comedy throughout Australia, in Edinburgh, Singapore and New York. He has also appeared on Australian television and radio.
Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)
The Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020) were a series of armed confrontations between Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the So Be Steadfast Operations Room, led by the Guardians of Religion Organization (HaD). The conflict began after HTS arrested the leader of the Ansar al-Din Front, Abu Salah al-Uzbeki, and a dissenting leader of a group within HTS, Abu al-Malik al-Talli.

Abu Salah al-Uzbeki
Sirojiddin Mukhtarov (23 May 1990 -8 September 2022), commonly known by his nom de guerre Abu Salah al-Uzbeki, was the head of the Ansar al-Din Front in Syria  and was the founder of Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (KTWJ).
Mawson Station
Mawson Station, commonly called Mawson, is one of three permanent bases and research outposts in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Mawson lies in Holme Bay in Mac. Robertson Land, East Antarctica in the Australian Antarctic Territory, a territory claimed by Australia. Established in 1954, Mawson is Australia's oldest Antarctic station and the oldest continuously inhabited Antarctic station south of the Antarctic Circle. It houses approximately 20 personnel over winter and up to 53 in summer.

Mawson was named in honour of the Australian Antarctic explorer Sir Douglas Mawson.

Mawson was listed on the Register of the National Estate in 2001 and listed on the Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004, reflecting the post-World War Two revival of Australia's scientific research and territorial interests in Antarctica.

Territorial claims in Antarctica
Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica. These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their respective countries of operation, and countries without claims such as Belgium, China, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Russia, South Africa (SANAE), Spain, Ukraine, and the United States have constructed research facilities within the areas claimed by other countries. There are overlaps among the territories claimed by Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom.
Believer (Kutless album)
Believer is the seventh full-length studio album by the Christian rock band Kutless. It was released on February 28, 2012. The first single, "Carry Me to the Cross" has seen success on the Billboard Christian Songs chart with a peak at No. 15. The album debuted at No. 2 on Billboard's Hot Christian Albums chart and No. 42 on the Billboard 200. The album later peak at No. 1 on Hot Christian Albums and No. 36 on the 200 chart, becoming Kutless' highest position in the 200 so far.

This is the last album to feature long-time bassist Dave Luetkenhoelter and drummer Jeff Gilbert, who left the band in 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Kutless
Kutless is an American Christian rock band from Portland, Oregon, formed in 1999. Since their formation, they have released multiple studio albums and one live album, Live from Portland. They have sold over 3 million records worldwide.
Pinto Canyon
Pinto Canyon is a 1940 American Western film directed by Raymond K. Johnson and written by Carl Krusada. The film stars Bob Steele, Louise Stanley, Kenne Duncan, Ted Adams, Steve Clark and Budd Buster. The film was released on May 1, 1940, by Monogram Pictures.

Raymond K. Johnson
Raymond K. Johnson (1901–1999) was an American cinematographer and film director. He directed more than twenty films, mainly low budget westerns, for Poverty Row studios such as Monogram Pictures.

After service in World War II Johnson joined camera unit at MGM's Hollywood studio, which he eventually came to head the department.
Rentiesville, Oklahoma
Rentiesville is a town in McIntosh County, Oklahoma, United States. It was founded in 1903 and named for William Rentie, a local landowner. It was one of 50 all-black towns in Oklahoma and is one of 13 that still survive. The population was 103 at the 2020 census, down from 128 in 2010.

Battle of Honey Springs
The Battle of Honey Springs, also known as the Affair at Elk Creek, on July 17, 1863, was an American Civil War engagement and an important victory for Union forces in their efforts to gain control of the Indian Territory.  It was the largest confrontation between Union and Confederate forces in the area that would eventually become Oklahoma. The engagement was also unique in the fact that white soldiers were the minority in both fighting forces. Native Americans made up a significant portion of each of the opposing armies and the Union force contained African-American units.

The battleground is about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) northeast of what is now Checotah, Oklahoma and 15 miles (24 km) south of Muskogee. It was also about 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Fort Gibson.
GWR 322 Class (tank engine)
The GWR 322 Class tank engines comprised six Great Western Railway outside-framed 0-6-0 steam locomotives, originally built by Beyer, Peacock, and Company as 322 class tender engines and subsequently rebuilt in 1878–85 as saddle tank locomotives by George Armstrong at Wolverhampton Works.

George Armstrong (engineer)
George Armstrong (5 April 1822 – 11 July 1901) was an English railway engineer. He was in charge of standard gauge steam locomotives for the Great Western Railway at Stafford Road Works, Wolverhampton, from 1864 to 1897. He was the younger brother of his colleague Joseph Armstrong, but thanks to the special requirements of the GWR at a time when it was split in two by the broad and standard gauges, the brothers were able to work largely independently of each other. George is best remembered for his 0-4-2 and 0-6-0 tank engines; these were long-lived, and even when life-expired they were replaced by Collett and Hawksworth with remarkably similar locomotives, the well-known 1400, 5700 and 1600 classes.
Corinth, Chatham County, North Carolina
Corinth is an unincorporated community in Chatham County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located in the panhandle of Chatham County, southeast of Moncure. It was named in homage to the ancient Greek city of Corinth.

Chatham County, North Carolina
Chatham County (locally /ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) is a county located in the Piedmont area of the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is also the location of the geographic center of North Carolina, northwest of Sanford. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,285. Its county seat is Pittsboro.

Chatham County is part of the Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Tobias Is an Angel
Tobias Is an Angel (French: Tobie est un ange) is a 1940 French comedy film directed by Yves Allégret. The title is a reference to Tobias and the Angel. The film was made at Toulon, then in Vichy France. It is now considered a lost film.

Yves Allégret
Yves Allégret (13 October 1905 – 31 January 1987) was a French film director, often working in the film noir genre. He was born in Asnières-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine and died in Paris.

He was an assistant to film directors such as his brother Marc Allégret, Augusto Genina, and Jean Renoir.
Marcel Schneider (golfer)
Marcel Schneider (born 6 February 1990) is a German professional golfer who plays on the European Tour and the Challenge Tour. He has won three times on the Challenge Tour, the 2018 Swiss Challenge and the 2021 Kaskáda Golf Challenge and Open de Portugal.

St Andrews Trophy
The St Andrews Trophy is a biennial men's team golf tournament contested between teams of amateur golfers representing Great Britain & Ireland and the Continent of Europe. It takes its name from St Andrews in Scotland.

It was first played in 1956 and takes place in even-numbered years; Great Britain & Ireland plays in the United States in the Walker Cup in odd-numbered years. In 2025 the St Andrews Trophy will move to odd-numbered years and the Walker Cup will be played from even-numbered years from 2026. The St Andrews Trophy is staged alternately in Great Britain & Ireland and on the Continent, and is organised by The R&A (an offshoot of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews) and the European Golf Association. The St Andrews Trophy itself was presented by the Royal and Ancient Club in 1963.

The event is played on two consecutive days. On both days there are four morning foursomes followed by afternoon singles, eight on the first day and nine on the second.
The Old Debauchees
The Old Debauchees, originally titled The Despairing Debauchee, is a play written by Henry Fielding. It premiered alongside The Covent-Garden Tragedy on 1 June 1732 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and was later revived as The Debauchees; or, The Jesuit Caught. The play recounts a Catholic priest's unsuccessful attempt to manipulate a man into seducing his own daughter.

Unlike The Covent-Garden Tragedy, The Old Debauchees was well received. The play explores morality and societal perceptions thereof, and, like Fielding's other play, Rape upon Rape, alludes to a real event. Contemporary critics were divided on the play's success, but modern critics suggest that its effectiveness lies primarily in its social commentary.

Henry Fielding
Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 – 8 October 1754) was an English writer and judge known for the use of humour and satire in his works. His famous novels include Shamela (1741), Joseph Andrews (1742), The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749) and Amelia (1751). Along with Samuel Richardson, Fielding is seen as the founder of the traditional English novel. As well as being a novelist, Fielding was also a playwright, known for his satirical comedies The Author's Farce (1730), Tom Thumb (1730), The Letter Writers (1731) and The Tragedy of Tragedies (1731). He also played an important role in the history of law enforcement in the United Kingdom, using his authority as a magistrate to found the Bow Street Runners, London's first professional police force.
Burley High School
Burley High School is a four-year secondary school in Burley, Idaho, the largest of four traditional high schools in the Cassia County School District #151.  Its official title is Burley Senior High School.

Cassia County School District
The Cassia County Joint School District 151 is a school district located in Cassia County, Idaho. It consists of 16 schools, and is the largest employer in the county.

The majority of its territory is in Cassia County, and it covers the majority of that county. It also includes portions of Oneida and Twin Falls counties. The size of the district's territory exceeds that of Delaware.
Royal Australian Mint
The Royal Australian Mint  is the national mint of Australia, and the primary production facility for the country’s circulating coins. The mint is a Commonwealth Government entity operating within the portfolio of the Treasury, and is situated in the Australian capital city of Canberra, in the suburb of Deakin. The current facility was opened in 1965 by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Before the opening of the Australian Mint, Australian coins were struck at the Sydney Mint, Melbourne Mint and Perth Mint. As such, the Royal Australian Mint was the first mint in Australia to be independent of the British Royal Mint, in the United Kingdom, which was a British government entity. (Of the three older Australian mints, only Perth Mint has remained; it was a subsidiary of the UK Royal Mint until 1970.)

Mint (facility)
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. In the beginning, hammered coinage or cast coinage were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints, coin dies are manufactured in large numbers and planchets are made into milled coins by the billions.

With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the United States Mint much less than 25 cents to make a quarter (a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called seigniorage) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a U.S. penny ($0.01) cost $0.015 to make in 2016.
Punicalagin
Punicalagin (Pyuni-cala-jen) is an ellagitannin, a type of phenolic compound. It is occurs as alpha and beta isomers in pomegranates (Punica granatum), Terminalia catappa, Terminalia myriocarpa, and in Combretum molle, the velvet bushwillow, a plant species found in South Africa. These three genera are all Myrtales and the last two are both Combretaceae.

Combretum molle
Combretum molle, the velvet bushwillow, is a medium to large tree species in the genus Combretum found in western, eastern and southern Africa.

The larvae of Parosmodes morantii and Acalyptris molleivora feed on C. molle. It is recorded to contain antioxidants such as punicalagin, which is also found in the other Myrtale pomegranates (Punica granatum), a somewhat related plant. It also contains the 1alpha-hydroxycycloartenoid saponins mollic acid glucoside and mollic acid 3β-D-xyloside.

Extracts from the bark of C. molle show antibacterial and antifungal as well as in vitro antiprotozoal activities. Mollic acid glucoside shows cardiovascular effects.

new flush

spring foliage and inflorescences

winter foliage and fruit
Courchaton
Courchaton (French pronunciation: [kuʁʃatɔ̃]) is a former commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. On 1 January 2025, it was merged into the new commune of Belles-Fontaines.

Belles-Fontaines
Belles-Fontaines (French pronunciation: [bɛl fɔ̃tɛn], lit. 'Beautiful Fountains') is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. It was established on 1 January 2025, with the merger of the communes of Courchaton, Georfans and Vellechevreux-et-Courbenans. Its seat is Courchaton.
Federation of the Socialist Workers of France
The Federation of the Socialist Workers of France (French: Fédération des travailleurs socialistes de France,  FTSF) was France's first socialist party, being founded in 1879.

The party was characterised as possibilist because it promoted gradual reforms.

Jean Allemane
Jean Allemane (25 August 1843, Sauveterre-de-Comminges, Haute-Garonne – 6 June 1935, Herblay in Seine-et-Oise) was a French socialist politician, veteran of the Paris Commune of 1871, pioneer of syndicalism, leader of the Socialist-Revolutionary Workers' Party (POSR) and co-founder of the unified French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. He was a deputy in the National Assembly of the Third French Republic.
Samuel Drewe
Samuel Drewe (1759–1837) of Kensington in Middlesex, was Governor of the Bank of England from 1828 to 1830. He had been Deputy Governor from 1826 to 1828. He replaced John Baker Richards as Governor and was succeeded by John Horsley Palmer.

Feudal barony of Dunster
The feudal barony of Dunster was an English feudal barony with its caput at Dunster Castle in Somerset.  During the reign of King Henry I (1100–1135) the barony (or "honour") comprised forty knight's fees and was later enlarged. In about 1150 the manors retained in demesne were Dunster, Minehead, Cutcombe, Kilton and Carhampton in Somerset, and Ham in Dorset.
The Awakening (1954 film)
The Awakening is a 1954 short British TV drama film directed by Michael McCarthy and starring Buster Keaton. The screenplay was by Lawrence B. Marcus based on Nikolai Gogol's short story "The Overcoat". It was part of the Douglas Fairbanks Presents anthology series.

The Man is a first dramatic role of Buster Keaton. Fairbanks says, "It struck me as a beautiful idea as a novel idea as to put him in a straight part, because he was such a beautiful actor and a great talent. It worked out very well; he gave a marvelous performance".

The original plot of Gogol's story is significantly changed. There are allusions to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four dystopia in the film.

The Overcoat
"The Overcoat" (Russian: Шине́ль, romanized: Shinél; also translated as "The Cloak" or "The Mantle") is a short story by Nikolai Gogol, published in 1842. The story has had a great influence on Russian literature. Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé, discussing Russian realist writers, said: "We all came out from under Gogol's Overcoat" (a quote often misattributed to Dostoevsky). Writing in 1941, Vladimir Nabokov described "The Overcoat" as "The greatest Russian short story ever written".