hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
One-dimensional symmetry group
A one-dimensional symmetry group is a mathematical group that describes symmetries in one dimension (1D).

A pattern in 1D can be represented as a function f(x) for, say, the color at position x.

The only nontrivial point group in 1D is a simple reflection. It can be represented by the simplest Coxeter group, A1, [ ], or Coxeter-Dynkin diagram .

Affine symmetry groups represent translation. Isometries which leave the function unchanged are translations x + a with a such that f(x + a) = f(x) and reflections a − x with a such that f(a − x) = f(x). The reflections can be represented by the affine Coxeter group [∞], or Coxeter-Dynkin diagram  representing two reflections, and the translational symmetry as [∞]+, or Coxeter-Dynkin diagram  as the composite of two reflections.

Line group
A line group is a mathematical way of describing symmetries associated with moving along a line. These symmetries include repeating along that line, making that line a one-dimensional lattice. However, line groups may have more than one dimension, and they may involve those dimensions in its isometries or symmetry transformations.

One constructs a line group by taking a point group in the full dimensions of the space, and then adding translations or offsets along the line to each of the point group's elements, in the fashion of constructing a space group. These offsets include the repeats, and a fraction of the repeat, one fraction for each element. For convenience, the fractions are scaled to the size of the repeat; they are thus within the line's unit cell segment.
Burke County, North Carolina
Burke County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is part of the state's western mountain region, containing sections of the Blue Ridge Mountains including the Linville Gorge and South Mountains. As of the 2020 census, its population was 87,570. Its county seat is Morganton. Burke County is part of the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Caldwell County, North Carolina
Caldwell County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. As of the 2020 census, the population was 80,652. Its county seat is Lenoir. Caldwell County is part of the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Fairmount Heavy Transport
Fairmount Heavy Transport is a Dutch shipping company that operates two semi-submersible heavy transport vessels, Fairmount Fjord and Fairmount Fjell. Both are being converted at Malta Shipyards in 2007/2008. Commercial management is performed by Fairmount Heavy Transport itself, since 1 August 2007 independently from Fairmount Marine. Fairmount Heavy Transport was founded in 2005 and based in Rotterdam. It is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange.

In the United States and in maritime law, Fairmount Heavy Transport is known as the defendant in Transportes Navieros y Terrestres S.A. de C.V. v. Fairmount Heavy Transport, N.V., a 2009 case heard in the Southern District of New York involving a dispute over liability for the wrongful arrest of a vessel.

Fairmount Marine
Fairmount Marine is a shipping company in the Koninklijke Boskalis Westminster N.V. group. The company operates 11 heavy transport vessels, including two self-propelled semi-submersible ships which are owned by Fairmount Heavy Transport. The mother group operates six anchor handling tug supply vessels and three semi-submerisible barges. The main operations involves transport of offshore installations such as Floating production storage and offloading vessels.

The company was founded in 1980. In 2007, Fairmount Marine was acquired by Paris-based Louis Dreyfus Armateurs. In 2014, Dreyfus sold Fairmount to the Dutch Royal Boskalis, so that the Fairmount brand was abandoned in favor of Boskalis.
Clinton Hart Merriam
Clinton Hart Merriam (December 5, 1855 – March 19, 1942) was an American zoologist, mammalogist, ornithologist, entomologist, ecologist, ethnographer, geographer, naturalist and physician. He was commonly known as the "father of mammalogy," a branch of zoology referring to the study of mammals.

Harriman Alaska expedition
The Harriman Alaska expedition explored the coast of Alaska for two months from Seattle to Alaska and Siberia and back again in 1899. It was organized by wealthy railroad magnate Edward Harriman. Harriman brought with him an elite community of scientists, artists, photographers, and naturalists to explore and document the Alaskan coast.
Ndoto Mountains
The Ndoto Mountains are a mountain range in northern Kenya.

Like Mount Nyiru to the north and the Mathews Range to the south, the Ndoto Mountains consist of Precambrian crystalline basement rock, mostly extremely durable gneisses and granites.

The climate is semi-arid at lower elevations. At higher elevations there are areas of higher rainfall, humidity, and cloud cover which support montane forests.

The Ndotos Range Forest Reserve was established in 1956, and covers an area of 932.05 km2. The reserve contains about 101.55 km2 of dense forest.

East African montane forests
The East African montane forests is a montane tropical moist forest ecoregion of eastern Africa. The ecoregion comprises several separate areas above 2000 meters in the mountains of South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania.
Nowshera District
Nowshera District (Pashto: نوښار ولسوالۍ‎, Urdu: ضلع نوشہرہ) is a district in the Peshawar Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The capital and district headquarter is Nowshera city.

Sayyid Kastir Gul
Sayyid Kastir Gul (1573–1653) was an Islamic jurist and Sufi saint who is revered among Afghans and Pakistanis. He was the leader of the Kakakhel tribe. Historically, the Kakakhel tribe played a central role in the defense of the Emirate of Afghanistan against the Sikhs during the 1748–1837 Afghan-Sikh wars, such as in the Battle of Nowshera.
Diamond Mountain National Forest
Diamond Mountain National Forest was established as the Diamond Mountain Forest Reserve by the U.S. Forest Service in California on July 14, 1905  with 626,724 acres (2,536.26 km2).  It became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 a portion of Diamond Mountain was transferred to Plumas National Forest and the remainder to Lassen National Forest. The name was discontinued.

Plumas National Forest
Plumas National Forest is a 1,146,000-acre (464,000 ha) United States national forest located in northern California at the northern terminus of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The Forest was named after its primary watershed, the Rio de las Plumas, or Feather River.
Ikarus S-49
The Ikarus S-49 is a Yugoslav single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft built for the Yugoslav Air Force (Serbo-Croatian: Ratno vazduhoplovstvo i protivvazdušna obrana – RV i PVO) shortly after World War II. Following the Tito–Stalin Split in 1948, the Yugoslav Air Force was left with an aircraft inventory consisting of mostly Soviet aircraft. Unable to acquire new aircraft or spare parts for its existing fleet, they turned to its domestic aviation industry in order to create an indigenous design to fulfill the need for additional aircraft.

The result was the S-49A, designed by Kosta Sivčev, Svetozar Popović and Slobodan Zrnić, on the basis of the pre-war Rogožarski IK-3. The S-49A was surpassed by the improved S-49C, featuring an all-metal construction and a more powerful engine. A total of 45 S-49A and 113 S-49C were produced by the Ikarus Aircraft Factory in Zemun. The last aircraft were retired from service in 1960/61, having been replaced by more modern jet-powered aircraft.

Hispano-Suiza 12Z
The 12Z, designated Type 89 by the company, was the final production evolution of the series of Hispano-Suiza V-12 aircraft engines. The Z model was in the middle of development when France fell to the Germans during World War II. A small number were produced before and during the war but following the occupation of Vichy France, the German occupation government did not allow full-scale production to start. After the war development would resume and small numbers were built to equip new designs, but the rapid introduction of the jet engine ended further development.
Sinan County, Guizhou
Sinan County (simplified Chinese: 思南县; traditional Chinese: 思南縣; pinyin: Sīnán Xiàn) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tongren, in the northeast of Guizhou Province, China. The government is located in Sitang.

Tongren
Tongren (simplified Chinese: 铜仁; traditional Chinese: 銅仁; pinyin: Tóngrén) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, located within a tobacco planting and crop agricultural area. Tongren was known as Tongren Prefecture (铜仁地区) until November 2011, when it was converted into a prefecture-level city. By the end of 2024 and the beginning of 2025, Tongren City will have a permanent population of 3.1615 million and a registered population of 4.494 million.

Tongren City borders Hunan to the east and Chongqing to the north, and is known as the "Gateway to Eastern Guizhou". The city covers an area of 18,000 square kilometers, and has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 8 counties, 8 provincial economic development zones, 2 provincial high-tech industrial development zones, and 1 provincial health and medicine industry demonstration zone.
Frogger Beyond
Frogger Beyond, is a 2002 platform game developed and published by Konami for the GameCube, Xbox, Windows and PlayStation 2. It follows Frogger, a young anthropomorphic frog, as he goes through a coming of age ritual to become a teenager. Like previous Frogger titles, the gameplay is based around twitch based tile platforming viewed from an overhead perspective; however, it also incorporates on-rails sections that require the player to dodge obstacles while constantly moving forward. Frogger can utilize an array of abilities as well as power-ups when traversing stages to find items and further progression.

The game received mixed reception from critics.

Frogger (series)
Frogger is a Japanese video game series and media franchise created by designer Takahide Arima for Konami. The franchise's games are primarily top-down action platformers that follow Frogger, an anthropomorphic frog, crossing through hazardous terrain to reach an objective. The first game in the series was the 1981 arcade game Frogger, and new games in the series have been released in the following decades. In 2021, Frogger was adapted into a game show series on Peacock.
Jammu Metro
Metro map

The Jammu Metro is a proposed light rail transit system for the city of Jammu in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The project has been proposed by the Housing and Urban Development Department of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir and is estimated to cost Rs. 4825 crores in phase 1. The proposed system will have a total route length of 43.50 km, consisting of 4 lines and 22 stations, and will be completed in two phases. The expected completion date for the project is 2026.

The Jammu and Kashmir state government has announced plans to introduce a metro rail system in the city of Jammu. To conduct a traffic analysis, the government hired the services of the infrastructure development enterprise RITES. Additionally, the government approached the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation to prepare a detailed project report, including feasibility and financial viability.

Srinagar Metro
The Srinagar Metro is a light rail transit planned for the city of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. The plans for the Srinagar Metro have been finalised with the work expected to start once the project gets nod from union cabinet. The proposed network will have two corridors. Each corridor of Srinagar metro will have 12 stations each with the total cost expected to be ₹5,559 crore.

Former Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) chief E. Sreedharan, who is popularly known as 'Metro Man' following his success in Konkan railway and Delhi Metro, was appointed as the project head.
Pattison Outdoor Advertising
Pattison Outdoor Advertising is a Canadian out-of-home advertising company owned by the Jim Pattison Group. According to the Canadian Out-of-Home Measurement Bureau, it was Canada's largest out-of-home advertising company in 2013, holding more than 55% of the national market share in horizontal posters and a 43% market share of all traditional out-of-home media.

The company provides out-of-home advertising displays and serves direct retail clients and advertising agencies. It has 25 sales offices in Canada and is headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario.

Jim Pattison Group
The Jim Pattison Group is a Canadian conglomerate based in Vancouver. Jim Pattison, a Vancouver-based entrepreneur, is the chairman, CEO, and sole owner of the company. The Jim Pattison Group, Canada's second largest privately held company, has more than 45,000 employees worldwide, and annual sales of $10.1 billion based on investments in Canada, the U.S., Mexico, Europe, Asia and Australia. The Group is active in 25 divisions, according to Forbes, including packaging, food, forestry products.

In early 2022, the 93-year-old Pattison was still working full-time. According to Forbes, his net worth then was $5.7 billion, having increased substantially from the $2.1 billion reported in March 2009. In September 2020, a news item stated that "Jim Pattison Group Inc. had $10.9 billion in revenue and employed 48,000 people".
Henry Jackson Ellicott
Henry Jackson Ellicott (June 22 or 23, 1847, in Annapolis, Maryland – February 11, 1901, in Washington, D.C.) was an American sculptor and architectural sculptor, best known for his work on American Civil War monuments.

Equestrian statue of Winfield Scott Hancock
General Winfield Scott Hancock is an equestrian statue of Winfield Scott Hancock, by Henry Jackson Ellicott together with architect Paul J. Pelz.
It is located at Pennsylvania Avenue in United States Navy Memorial Park at the northwest corner of 7th Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C.

It was commissioned on March 2, 1889, and dedicated on May 12, 1896, by President Grover Cleveland. It cost $50,000.

The statue is a contributing monument to the Civil War Monuments in Washington, DC, of the National Register of Historic Places.

The statue is featured in the opening of the Netflix series House of Cards.
Chris Impey
Christopher David Impey (born 25 January 1956) is a British astronomer, educator, and author. He has been a faculty member at the University of Arizona since 1986. Impey has done research on observational cosmology, in particular low surface brightness galaxies, the intergalactic medium, and surveys of active galaxies and quasars. As an educator, he has pioneered the use of instructional technology for teaching science to undergraduate non-science majors. He has written many technical articles and a series of popular science books including The Living Cosmos, How It Began, How It Ends: From You to the Universe, Dreams of Other Worlds, and Humble Before the Void. He served as Vice-President of the American Astronomical Society, he is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor. He serves on the Advisory Council of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence).

Talking About Life
Talking About Life: Conversations on Astrobiology is a non-fiction book edited by astronomer Chris Impey that consists of interviews with three dozen leading experts on the subject of astrobiology. The subject matter ranges from the nature and limits of life on Earth to the current search for exoplanets and the prospects of intelligent life in the universe. The book was published as a hardcover by Cambridge University Press in 2010.
Lowanna, New South Wales
Lowanna is a village in the Eastern Dorrigo plateau and Coffs Harbour hinterland, officially a suburb of the City of Coffs Harbour. It has a Community Hall, Primary School, Preschool, Rural Fire Brigade, waste transfer station, General Store and Reserve with public toilets, multisports court and playground. The name Lowanna is an Aboriginal language word meaning "girl". Lowanna had a train station on the now-closed Dorrigo railway line that is maintained by the Glenreagh Mountain Railway.

City of Coffs Harbour
The City of Coffs Harbour (also known as the Coffs Harbour City Council) is a local government area in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The area under administration is 1,175 square kilometres (454 sq mi), expanded in 2004 to take in parts of the former Pristine Waters local government area.

The administrative seat is located in Coffs Harbour; and the area is adjacent to the Pacific Highway, and the North Coast railway line.

The mayor of the City of Coffs Harbour is Nikki Williams, who is an Independent National politician.
New Norcia Station
New Norcia Station (also known as NNO) is an ESTRACK Earth station in Australia for communication with spacecraft after launch, in low Earth orbit, in geostationary orbit and in deep space. It is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the town of New Norcia, Western Australia. It was the first ESA deep space ground station, followed by Cebreros Station and Malargüe Station.

New Norcia Station was one of the stations providing communications, tracking and data download from the Rosetta spacecraft. It supports the BepiColombo mission.

Cebreros Station
Cebreros Station (also known as DSA 2 or Deep Space Antenna 2) is a European Space Agency, ESTRACK radio antenna station for communication with spacecraft, located about 10 km east of Cebreros and 90 km from Madrid, Spain, operated by the European Space Operations Centre and INTA. A 35-metre diameter antenna that receives and transmit in X- and Ka-bands is located at the site. Station code is "CEB". 20 kW CW High Power Amplifier (HPA) it was created by Rheinmetall Italia SpA (Italy). The monitoring and control system was implemented by Microsis srl (Italy).

It provides daily support to Lisa Pathfinder, Mars Express and Gaia.

It also provided support for Rosetta.

Two sister stations are New Norcia Station in Australia, and Malargüe Station in Argentina.

Until 2002, ESA lacked its own means to communicate with spacecraft destined for other planets, or in very distant orbits, and depended on NASA's network of listeners to receive the data collected by them.
Brighstone Down
Brighstone Down is a chalk down on the Isle of Wight. It is located close to the village of Brighstone, in the southwest of the island (the Back of the Wight), and rises to 214 metres (702 ft) at its highest point, northeast of the village of Mottistone.
Towards the west part is called Mottistone Down, to the East, Shorwell Down.

The Northern part is covered by Brighstone Forest the largest forest on the Island.

On 19 November 1947, an BOAC Short S.25 Sunderland 3 (G-AGHW) was on a ferry flight from Hythe Seaplane Base to Poole Seaplane Base. The aircraft crashed into Brighstone Down in bad weather, as a result of pilot error, killing one of the four crew.

50°39′37″N 1°23′25″W﻿ / ﻿50.66038°N 1.39018°W﻿ / 50.66038; -1.39018

Brighstone
Brighstone is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Wight, 6 miles southwest of Newport on the B3399 road. Brighstone was previously known as "Brixton". The name means 'the farmstead or estate belonging to a man called Beorhtwīg', from Old English Beorhtwīg (personal name) and tūn. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1603.

Brighstone is one of the largest villages in the area locally known as the Back of the Wight and extends toward Limerstone and Mottistone.
In Roman times a villa was built to the north, to take advantage of the clean waters of the Buddle Brook.
Jerusalem Venture Partners
Jerusalem Venture Partners (JVP) is an international venture capital firm founded in 1993. The fund specializes in investments in startup companies, focusing on digital media, enterprise software, semiconductors, data storage and cyber security, having raised close to $1.4 billion USD across nine funds. JVP is headquartered in Margalit Startup City Jerusalem with offices in Be'er Sheva, New York City and Paris.

Qlik
Qlik (/klɪk/; formerly known as Qliktech) provides a data integration, analytics, and artificial intelligence platform. The software company was founded in 1993 in Lund, Sweden and is now based in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States. Thoma Bravo made the company private in 2016.

Qlik Data Integration (QDI) includes tools such as Qlik Replicate for data replication, Qlik Catalog for data organization, Qlik Compose for automation of data lakes and data warehouses, and Qlik Talend Cloud for maintenance of data integrity. Qlik's AI program enables AI-powered analytics, natural language capabilities, and visualizations. Qlik Answers generates answers to questions from unstructured data sources. It also includes AutoML for no-code development of predictive models and tools for low-latency data processing.
Herbert Ward (sculptor)
Herbert Ward (11 January 1863, London – 5 August 1919, Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a British sculptor, illustrator, writer, and explorer in Africa. He was a member of Henry Morton Stanley's Emin Pasha Relief Expedition and became a close friend of Roger Casement while they were working in the Congo Free State. Ward later became a sculptor and lived in France. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre, was twice mentioned in dispatches in World War I, was an officer of the Légion d'Honneur and a member of the Royal Society of British Sculptors.

Mill Hill School
Mill Hill School is a 13–18 co-educational private, day and boarding school in Mill Hill, London, England that was established in 1807. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Roman baths of Toledo
The Roman baths of Toledo or Roman thermae of Amador de los Ríos are ruins of Roman thermae located in the city of Toledo in Castile-La Mancha, Spain.
The baths can be seen as part of the system of supplying clean water to the city (then known by the Latin name of Toletum). From the scale of the surviving infrastructure, they are assumed to have been a public facility.

As regards chronology, the remains correspond to a period between the end of the 1st century and mid-2nd century CE.

Oratorio de San Felipe de Neri, Toledo
The Oratory of Saint Philip Neri (Spanish: San Felipe de Neri) is a former church in Toledo (Castile-La Mancha, Spain). The building was used by the Congregation of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri as an oratory (chapel).
Nen River
The Nen River or Nenjiang (Chinese: 嫩江; pinyin: Nèn Jiāng; Wade–Giles: Nen-chiang), or  Nonni (Manchu: ᠨᠣᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ, Möllendorff: non ula, Abkai: non ula) is a river in Northeast China. The Nen River flows through the northern part of Heilongjiang Province and the northeastern section of Inner Mongolia, some parts of the river forming the border between the two regions. At 1,370 km (850 mi) in length, the Nen River is the longest tributary of the Songhua River.

The Nen River  flows in the general southern direction in a wide valley between the Greater Khingan and the Lesser Khingan mountain ranges in the west and east, respectively, and meets the Second Songhua River near Da'an to form the Songhua River.

The river is prone to flooding, as occurred most recently in 1998 and 2005.

Second Songhua River
The Second Songhua River is a tributary of the Songhua River in  Jilin Province, China.

The river meets the Songhua and Nen Rivers near Songyuan and is fed by several tributaries, including the First Dao, Second Dao, Huifa, Yinma, Yitong and Lafa Rivers. Its flow is interrupted by the Baishan, Hongshi and Fengman Dams.