hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ganna (cycling team)
Ganna was an Italian professional cycling team that existed in part between 1913 and 1953. It was started by Luigi Ganna, winner of the general classification of the inaugural Giro d'Italia, and was sponsored by his bicycle and motorcycle manufacturing company. Whilst with the team, Fiorenzo Magni won the general classification of the 1951 Giro d'Italia. The team was the predecessor of the Nivea–Fuchs team.

Nivea–Fuchs
Nivea–Fuchs was an Italian professional cycling team that existed from 1954 to 1956. The team was formed when the Ganna team told its leader, Fiorenzo Magni, that it would not be able to continue and he gained the backing of the German cosmetics company Nivea to be the main sponsor of a new team. It was the first non-bicycle industry company team sponsor. Magni won the general classification of the 1955 Giro d'Italia with the team.
Bethany Reservoir
Bethany Reservoir is located 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Livermore, in the northeastern corner of Alameda County, California, USA. It is the northern most part of the California Aqueduct, and receives water pumped by the Banks Pumping Plant from Clifton Court Forebay, which in turn receives waters pumped from the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta. It serves as the forebay for the South Bay Pumping Plant that feeds the South Bay Aqueduct and the main branch of the California Aqueduct which flows south along the west side of the San Joaquin Valley approximately 60 miles (97 km) to the O'Neill Forebay at the San Luis Reservoir.

South Bay Pumping Plant
The South Bay Pumping Plant is located 4 miles (6 km) southwest of the Clifton Court Forebay and 10.3 miles (17 km) northeast of Livermore, CA. The plant is the only main line pumping plant for the 42.9 mile (69 km) long South Bay Aqueduct. The plant pumps from the Bethany Reservoir which is part of the California Aqueduct.
Impractical Jokers UK
Impractical Jokers UK is a British reality television series that first aired in the United Kingdom in 2012 on BBC Three. The series is based on the American hidden camera-practical joke reality television series Impractical Jokers. Throughout the show they challenge their friends to do and to say embarrassing things to an unsuspecting public.

The first two series of the show aired on BBC Three in 2012 and 2014, featuring Paul McCaffrey, Joel Dommett, Marek Larwood, and Roisin Conaty.

In April 2015, Channel 5 and Comedy Central announced a new series starring Lee Griffiths, Matt Ralph, Paul Biggin, and David Moon, replacing the previous four comedians. Matt Edmondson is the narrator.

Impractical Jokers
Impractical Jokers is an American hidden camera comedy and reality show with improvisational elements. Produced by NorthSouth Productions, Impractical Jokers premiered on truTV on December 15, 2011, starring the members of The Tenderloins: James "Murr" Murray, Brian "Q" Quinn, Sal Vulcano, and formerly Joe Gatto. In March 2024, the series was relocated to  TBS, who originally simulcast the tenth season, due to a programming network overhaul at truTV. Despite this, truTV continues to air reruns.

Impractical Jokers' twelfth season premiered on July 10, 2025. A feature-length film for the show was theatrically released on February 21, 2020.
Ivan Vladislavic
Ivan Vladislavić (born 17 September 1957) is a South African novelist, essayist and editor. Vladislavić's style has been described as postmodern, innovative, humorous and unpredictable. He has won numerous awards including Yale University’s Windham-Campbell Prize for fiction. He lives in Johannesburg where he is a Distinguished Professor in Creative Writing at the University of the Witwatersrand.

Sunday Times CNA Literary Awards
The Sunday Times CNA Literary Awards are awarded annually to South African writers by the South African weekly newspaper the Sunday Times. They comprise the Sunday Times CNA Literary Award for Non-fiction and the Sunday Times CNA Literary Award for Fiction, and are awarded for full-length non-fiction works and novels, respectively. Both winners receive R100 000. Ivan Vladislavic is the only person to have won both the fiction and the non-fiction award.
Paracanthocobitis botia
Paracanthocobitis botia also known as the mottled zipper loach is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Paracanthocobitis. This species is known from the mainstem, and possibly tributaries of the Brahmaputra River, in Assam, India.

Paracanthocobitis
Paracanthocobitis is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nemacheilidae, the stone loaches. This genus is known from the Indus basin in Pakistan to the Mekong basin of Cambodia and Laos The type species is Paracanthocobitis zonalternans. Some authorities treat this as a subgenus of Acanthocobitis
Malyi Galagov
Malyi Galagov (Ukrainian: Малий Ґалаґов, Малий Галагов; Czech: Malé Galago) is a neighborhood in Uzhhorod, Ukraine. It is located to the west of the historic centre of the city. It functions as a government and residential quarter.

Uzhhorod
Uzhhorod is a city on the Uzh River in western Ukraine, on the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is approximately equidistant from the Baltic, the Adriatic and the Black Sea (650–690 km) making it the most inland city in this part of Europe. It is the administrative center of Zakarpattia Oblast (region), as well as the administrative center of Uzhhorod Raion (district) within the oblast.  Its population is 115,449 (2022 estimate).
Rhodiapolis
Rhodiapolis (Ancient Greek: Ῥοδιάπολις), also known as Rhodia (Ῥοδία) and Rhodiopolis (Ῥοδιόπολις), was a city in ancient Lycia. Today it is located on a hill northwest of the modern town Kumluca in Antalya Province, Turkey.

Rhodiapolis stands out as a successfully planned, very compact Roman city in limited and difficult terrain with a uniquely intricate and packed layout of buildings without leaving empty space other than the streets. On the sloping terrain, terraces needed for urban fabric were formed mostly by cisterns, a clever solution that satisfied water demand while also creating flat areas for construction.

Kumluca
Kumluca is a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,225 km2, and its population is 73,496 (2022). It lies on the Mediterranean coast, and is part of the Turkish Riviera. Kumluca is located 90 km (56 mi) west of the city of Antalya, on the Teke Peninsula, (between the bays of Antalya and Fethiye). Its neighbour towns are Korkuteli, Elmalı, Finike, Kemer and Antalya

The town of Kumluca, formerly the village of Sarıkavak, is named for its sandy soil (kum meaning sand in Turkish), good for growing watermelons.
Tripura National Volunteers
The Tripura National Volunteers (also Tribal National Volunteers or Tripura National Volunteer Force) was a Tripuri nationalist militant group in the Tripura region of India that launched an armed struggle in the early 1980s to separate Tripura from India. TNV was led by Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl.

Christians made up a large percent of the fighters and leaders of the TNV. The chairman, Bijoy Hrangkhawl, was a devout Christian. Tribesmen who were not Christian who joined the TNV were encouraged to convert to Christianity.

TNV surrendered in 1988 and integrated themselves into a political party. However the few leadership of TNV did not take part in the Tripartite agreement in 1988 which lead to the outflow of NLFT in 1989 under the leadership of Dhananjoy Reang. In 2000, TNV renamed itself as Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra.

In 2001, TNV merged with Indigenous People's Front of Tripura.

Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl
Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl (born 25 January 1946) is the current president of The Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance or TIPRA. He was the leader of the Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra (INPT), a political party based in the Indian state of Tripura.
Melanthieae
Melanthieae is a tribe of flowering plants within the family Melanthiaceae. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century have resulted in a large-scale reassignment of many of its species to different genera; in particular the genus Zigadenus (deathcamases) has been restricted to a single species, Zigadenus glaberrimus. Plants contain alkaloids, making them unpalatable to grazing animals; many are very poisonous to both animals and humans.

Melanthiaceae
Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to the family Liliaceae, in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like those of lilies, while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family Trilliaceae. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 2003 APG II system and the 1998 APG system), places the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. Circumscribed in this way, the family includes up to 17 genera.

Familiar members of the family include the genera Paris and Trillium.
Islands (regional unit)
The Islands Regional Unit (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Νήσων, Periphereiaki enotita Nison) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Attica. The regional unit covers the Saronic Islands, a small part of the Peloponnese peninsula, and a few islands off the eastern Peloponnese coast.

Aegina
Aegina (Greek: Αίγινα pronounced [ˈeʝina]; Ancient Greek: Αἴγῑνα) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, 27 km (17 mi) from Athens. Tradition derives the name from Aegina, the mother of the mythological hero Aeacus, who was born on the island and became its king. In classical antiquity Aegina was a powerful city-state and at one point a rival of Athens. In modern times Aegina is known for the temple of Aphaia, pistacho production, and the pilgrimage site of St. Nektarios. Many Athenians have established vacation homes in Aegina.
Germagno
Germagno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northeast of Turin and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Verbania.

Germagno borders the following municipalities: Casale Corte Cerro, Loreglia, Omegna, Quarna Sopra.

Quarna Sopra
Quarna Sopra is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 75 kilometres (47 mi) from Malpensa Airport in Milan, 140 kilometres (87 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Verbania.

Quarna Sopra borders the following municipalities: Germagno, Loreglia, Omegna, Quarna Sotto, Valstrona.

Sights include the Belvedere, a balcony over the Lake Orta with a view of all the surrounding area.
Chilgok County
Chilgok County (Chilgok-gun) is in southwest North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It is near Gunwi County to the east and adjoins Gimchon-si, Seongju County to the west. The county is administratively divided into three towns and five townships. The county seat is Waegwan, located along the Nakdong River, which is crossed by rail, road, and pedestrian bridges.

Waegwan
Waegwan (Korean: 왜관) is the seat of government for Chilgok County, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It consists primarily of the administrative district of Waegwan-eup. It is situated on both sides of the Nakdong River, which is traversed by railroad, automobile and pedestrian bridges.

Waegwan is home to a Benedictine monastery and the United States Army base at Camp Carroll. It lies on the Gyeongbu Line of the Korean National Railroad, and is also connected to Daegu and other major cities via the Gyeongbu Expressway.
Iterated function
In mathematics, an iterated function is a function that is obtained by composing another function with itself two or several times. The process of repeatedly applying the same function is called iteration. In this process, starting from some initial object, the result of applying a given function is fed again into the function as input, and this process is repeated.

For example, on the image on the right:

Iterated functions are studied in computer science, fractals, dynamical systems, mathematics and renormalization group physics.

Schröder's equation
Schröder's equation, named after Ernst Schröder, is a functional equation with one independent variable:  given the function h, find the function Ψ such that

Schröder's equation is an eigenvalue equation for the composition operator Ch that sends a function f to f(h(.)).

If a is a fixed point of h, meaning h(a) = a, then either Ψ(a) = 0 (or ∞) or s = 1. Application of the chain rule shows that the eigenvalue s is given by s = h′(a), provided that Ψ(a) is finite and Ψ′(a) does not vanish or diverge.
Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio
Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio was a  7,845-acre (31.75 km2) Mexican land grant in present day Marin County, California given in 1834  by Governor José Figueroa to John (Juan) Reed.  Corte Madera del Presidio means the "lumber mill of the Presidio".  The grant encompassed what is now southern Corte Madera,   Mill Valley, the Tiburon Peninsula, and Strawberry Point. It reached from Point Tiburon to Larkspur Creek, then known as Arroyo Holon.

Corte Madera, California
Corte Madera (/ˈkɔːrtə məˈdɛrə/; Spanish for "Chop Wood") is an incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States. Corte Madera is located 3.25 miles (5.2 km) south of San Rafael, at an elevation of 39 feet (12 m). The population was 10,222 at the 2020 census. The town was named after the Spanish imperative command "chop wood", as the area was famous for producing redwood tree lumber which was used in the construction of the city of San Francisco.
Battle of Bundelkhand
The Battle of Jaitpur was fought between the Maratha Empire under Peshwa Baji Rao I, on behalf of Chhatrasal Bundela, the ruler of Bundelkhand; and the Mughal Empire under Muhammad Khan Bangash in March 1729. Bangash attacked the state of Bundelkhand in December 1728. Being too old to fight, as well as heavily outnumbered, Chhatrasal appealed to Baji Rao for assistance - under whose leadership the Maratha with 25,000 horsemen with the Bundela troops defeated the Muhammad khan Bangash.

Muhammad Khan Bangash
Nawab "Ghazanfar-Jang" Bangash Khan (1665 – December 1743) was the first Nawab of Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh, India. He was a "Bawan Hazari Sardar" (Commander of 52,000 men strong force) in the Mughal Army. He served as governor of Malwa and Allahabad provinces of the Mughal Empire.
He was also viceroy of Assam from 1735 to 1743. Although regarded as rude and illiterate, not understanding a single word of Persian or Pashto, he was well regarded for his loyalty, and it is believed that had fortune sided with him he would have been able to establish a kingdom rivalling those in the Deccanor Awadh.
Eagle's Nest (Hong Kong)
Eagle's Nest (Chinese: 鷹巢山), also known indigenously as Tsim Shan (尖山), is a hill north of Cheung Sha Wan of Hong Kong. The hill is located within Lion Rock County Park, and administratively part of Sha Tin District with border to Sham Shui Po District at her south. The hill peaks at 305 metres and is within . The hill is located northeast of Piper's Hill and northwest of Crow's Nest.

Lion Rock Country Park
Lion Rock Country Park (established 24 June 1977) is a country park, located in the New Territories, Hong Kong. It consists of approximately 5.57 square kilometres (2.15 sq mi) of land, including Lion Rock and Mong Fu Shek (Amah Rock) and their surrounding scenic hillsides, of which 3.48 square kilometres (1.34 sq mi) is forestry plantation.
Cricoarytenoid joint
The cricoarytenoid joint is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage. It is a very shallow ball-and-socket joint. It allows for rotation and gliding motion. This controls the abduction and adduction of the vocal cords.

Arytenoid cartilage
The arytenoid cartilages (/ærɪˈtiːnɔɪd/) are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx. They are the site of attachment of the vocal cords. Each is pyramidal or ladle-shaped and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. The arytenoid cartilages allow for movement of the vocal cords by articulating with the cricoid cartilage. They may be affected by arthritis, dislocations, or sclerosis.
Frederick Walker Baldwin
Frederick Walker Baldwin (January 2, 1882 – August 7, 1948), also known as Casey Baldwin, paternal grandson of Canadian reform leader Robert Baldwin, was a hydrofoil and aviation pioneer and partner of the famous inventor Alexander Graham Bell. He was manager of Graham Bell Laboratories from 1909 to 1932, and represented Victoria in the Nova Scotia Legislature from 1933 to 1937, where he was instrumental in bringing about the creation of Cape Breton Highlands National Park. In 1908, he became the first Canadian and British subject to fly an airplane.

Robert Baldwin
Robert Baldwin (May 12, 1804 – December 9, 1858) was an Upper Canadian lawyer and politician who with his political partner Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine of Lower Canada, led the first responsible government ministry in the Province of Canada. "Responsible Government" marked the province's democratic self-government, without a revolution, although not without violence. This achievement also included the introduction of municipal government, the introduction of a modern legal system, reforms to the jury system in Upper Canada, and the abolition of imprisonment for debt. Baldwin is also noted for feuding with the Orange Order and other fraternal societies. The Lafontaine-Baldwin government enacted the Rebellion Losses Bill to compensate Lower Canadians for damages suffered during the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837–1838.  The passage of the Bill outraged Anglo-Canadian Tories in Montreal, resulting in the burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal in 1849.
Santa Paula Hospital
Santa Paula Hospital (SPH) is a hospital in Santa Paula, California, United States.  The hospital is a campus of the Ventura County Medical Center.  SPH has 145 full-time employees, 30 shared patient beds, and 19 private patient rooms.

Santa Paula, California
Santa Paula is a city in Ventura County, California, United States. Situated amid the orchards of the Santa Clara River Valley, the city advertises itself to tourists as the "Citrus Capital of the World". Santa Paula was one of the early centers of California's petroleum industry. The Union Oil Company Building, the founding headquarters of the Union Oil Company of California in 1890, now houses the California Oil Museum. The population was 30,657 at the 2020 census, up from 29,321 at the 2010 census.
Bergen Catholic High School
Bergen Catholic High School is an all-male Roman Catholic high school in Oradell, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grade.

Bergen Catholic operates under the supervision of the Archdiocese of Newark. The school draws students from a wide geographic area that includes over 100 North Jersey communities, Rockland, Orange, Westchester counties and New York City.

Brian Cushing
Brian Patrick Cushing (born January 24, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the USC Trojans, and was selected by the Texans in the first round of the 2009 NFL draft. He played his entire nine-year career with Houston from 2009 to 2017 and became the team's all-time leading tackler.
Münchhausen (1943 film)
Münchhausen is a 1943 German fantasy comedy film directed by Josef von Báky. Science fiction author David Wingrove has commented that this work "sidesteps immediate political issues whilst conjuring up marvellous visual images of an ageless pastoral Germany."

Erich Kästner
Emil Erich Kästner (German: [ˈeːʁɪç ˈkɛstnɐ] ⓘ; 23 February 1899 – 29 July 1974) was a German writer, poet, screenwriter and satirist, known primarily for his humorous, socially astute poems and for children's books including Emil and the Detectives and Lisa and Lottie. He received the international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1960 for his autobiography When I Was a Little Boy. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in eight separate years.
Ketton and Collyweston railway station
Ketton and Collyweston railway station is a former station serving the villages of Ketton, Geeston, Aldgate and Collyweston, Rutland. It is located in Geeston adjacent to a level crossing on the Ketton to Collyweston road. It is under half a mile from Ketton but over a mile from Collyweston. It closed in 1966.

Ketton
Ketton is a village and civil parish in Rutland in the East Midlands of England. It is about 8 miles (13 km) east of Oakham and 3 miles (5 km) west of Stamford, Lincolnshire. The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 1,926, making it the fourth largest settlement in Rutland, after Oakham, Uppingham and Cottesmore. The village has a primary school.

Ketton gave its name to the Ketton Rural District of Rutland which existed from 1894 to 1974. Ketton ward, which includes the parishes of Barrowden, Tinwell and Tixover, is represented by two councillors on Rutland County Council.
Abbey of Santissima Trinità, Venosa
The Abbey of Santissima Trinità or Abbey of the Most Holy Trinity, Italian: Abbazia della Santissima Trinità, is a Roman Catholic abbey complex at Venosa, in the Vulture area of the province of Potenza, in the southern Italian region of Basilicata. The architecture of the abbey shows Roman, Lombard, and Norman influences. The complex lies within the Parco Archeologico ("archaeological park") of Venosa, approximately 1.5 km north-east of the town; it falls under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Melfi-Rapolla-Venosa. It consists of the old church, of uncertain date; the monastery buildings; and the Incompiuta, the unfinished or new church, begun in the last quarter of the eleventh century and never completed. The complex was declared a National Monument by Royal Decree on 20 November 1897. It is no longer a monastery, but is used by the Trinitarian Order.: 67

Venosa
Venosa (Lucano: Vënòsë [və'noʊzə]) is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the southern Italian region of Basilicata, in the Vulture area. It is bounded by the comuni of Barile, Ginestra, Lavello, Maschito, Montemilone, Palazzo San Gervasio, Rapolla and Spinazzola. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Joseph Vuillemin
General Joseph Vuillemin (14 March 1883 – 23 July 1963) was a French professional soldier whose early interest in aviation led him into increasingly responsible leadership positions in the Aeronautique Militaire during World War I. Ending the war with extensive decorations, including an unusual double award of the Legion d'honneur, as well as seven aerial victories, he became a dynamic leader of an aerial expedition to Africa in 1933. His climb through the ranks continued until World War II, when he became Chief of Staff of the French Air Force during the first year of World War II.

Edward Spears
Major-General Sir Edward Louis Spears, 1st Baronet, KBE, CB, MC (7 August 1886 – 27 January 1974) was a British Army officer and politician. He served as a liaison officer between British and French forces during both World Wars. From 1917 to 1920, he was head of the British Military Mission in Paris, concluding the First World War as a brigadier-general. Between the wars, he was a Member of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. During the Second World War, he resumed his role as an Anglo-French liaison officer, holding the rank of major-general.