hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TNT equivalent
TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. A ton of TNT equivalent is a unit of energy defined by convention to be 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). It is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (megagram) of trinitrotoluene (TNT). In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released.
This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy.
A related concept is the physical quantity TNT-equivalent mass (or mass of TNT equivalent), expressed in the ordinary units of mass and its multiples: kilogram (kg), megagram (Mg) or tonne (t), etc.

Units of energy
Energy is defined via work, so the SI unit of energy is the same as the unit of work – the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms, 1 joule is equal to 1 newton metre and, in terms of SI base units

An energy unit that is used in atomic physics, particle physics, and high energy physics is the electronvolt (eV). One eV is equivalent to 1.602176634×10−19 J.

In spectroscopy, the unit cm−1 ≈ 0.0001239842 eV is used to represent energy since energy is inversely proportional to wavelength from the equation .

In discussions of energy production and consumption, the units barrel of oil equivalent and ton of oil equivalent are often used.
Lyndhurst station
Lyndhurst is a NJ Transit rail station located in Lyndhurst, New Jersey on the Main Line. The current station building opened on June 8, 2025, replacing the previous building located a block away. Upon the opening of the current station, the nearby Kingsland station, also in Lyndhurst, closed permanently.

Lyndhurst, New Jersey
Lyndhurst is a township in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 22,519, an increase of 1,965 (+9.6%) from the 2010 census count of 20,554, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,171 (+6.0%) from the 19,383 counted in the 2000 census.
WLKY
WLKY (channel 32) is a television station in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, affiliated with CBS. The station is owned by Hearst Television, and maintains studios on Mellwood Avenue (near I-71) in the Clifton Heights section on Louisville's east side; its transmitter is located in rural northeastern Floyd County, Indiana (northeast of Floyds Knobs). WLKY is one of two CBS affiliates owned by Hearst, the other is KCCI in Des Moines, Iowa.

WNKY
WNKY (channel 40) is a television station in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States, affiliated with NBC and CBS. It is owned by Marquee Broadcasting alongside two low-power stations: Ion Television affiliate WNKY-LD (channel 35) and Glasgow-licensed Country Network affiliate WDNZ-LD (channel 11). The three stations share studios on Chestnut Street in downtown Bowling Green; WNKY's transmitter is located on Pilot Knob near Smiths Grove, Kentucky.
Software management review
A Software management review is a management study into a project's status and allocation of resources. It is different from both a software engineering peer review, which evaluates the technical quality of software products, and a software audit, which is an externally conducted audit into a project's compliance to specifications, contractual agreements, and other criteria.

Software peer review
In software development, peer review is a type of software review in which a work product (document, code, or other) is examined by the author's colleagues, in order to evaluate the work product's technical content and quality.
Harue, Fukui
Harue (春江町, Harue-chō) was a town located in Sakai District, Fukui Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 23,876 and a density of 977.32 persons per km2. The total area was 24.43 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Harue, along with the towns of Sakai (former), Maruoka and Mikuni (all from Sakai District), was merged to create the city of Sakai.

Sakai, Fukui
Sakai (坂井市, Sakai-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.kai, sa.kaꜜi.ɕi]) is a city located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2026, the city had an estimated population of 87,744 in 34,042 households and a population density of 418 persons per km2. The total area of the city was  209.67 square kilometres (80.95 sq mi).
Grong Station
Grong Station (Norwegian: Grong stasjon) is a railway station located in the village of Grong in Grong Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located on the Nordlandsbanen railway, and the station opened in 1929. Starting on 1 April 1942, the restaurant operations was taken over by Norsk Spisevognselskap. The station was the eastern terminus of the Namsos Line until that was closed in 2002.

Medjå
Medjå or Grong is a village which serves as the administrative center of Grong Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the river Namsen, at the confluence with the river Sanddøla. The Nordland Line railway runs along the eastern part of the village, stopping at Grong Station. The European route E6 highway runs through the western edge of the village. Grong Church, the main church for the area, is also located in this village.

The 1.13-square-kilometre (280-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,090 and a population density of 965 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,500/sq mi).
Antiproton Decelerator
The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is a storage ring at the CERN laboratory near Geneva. It was built from the Antiproton Collector (AC) to be a successor to the Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) and started operation in the year 2000. Antiprotons are created by impinging a proton beam from the Proton Synchrotron on an iridium target. The AD decelerates the resultant antiprotons to an energy of 5.3 MeV, which are then ejected to one of several connected experiments.

The major goals of experiments at AD are to spectroscopically observe the antihydrogen and to study the effects of gravity on antimatter. Though each experiment at AD has varied aims ranging from testing antimatter for cancer therapy to CPT symmetry and antigravity research.

Positron
The positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 ħ (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. It is the antiparticle (antimatter counterpart) of the electron. When a positron collides with an electron, annihilation occurs. If this collision occurs at low energies, it results in the production of two or more photons.

Positrons can be created by positron emission radioactive decay (through weak interactions), or by pair production from a sufficiently energetic photon which is interacting with an atom in a material.
Amari Torayasu
Amari Torayasu (甘利 虎泰; 1498 – March 23, 1548) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period who served the Takeda clan under Takeda Nobutora and Shingen. Amari was a shukurō, or clan elder, following Shingen's accession to family headship, and was one of "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen".

Amari was killed in action at the battle of Uedahara in 1548, together with Itagaki Nobukata. The two were fighting side by side when suddenly a volley of arrows shot them down.

Amari was succeeded by his son Amari Masatada.

Japanese Politician Akira Amari is a descendant of Torayasu.

Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen
The Twenty-Four Generals (武田二十四将, Takeda Nijūshi-shō) were just one of many historically famous groupings of battle commanders from Japan's Sengoku Period. These Twenty-Four were the most trusted companions of Takeda Shingen. A third of them died at the famous Battle of Nagashino in 1575 when they led the Takeda forces against Oda Nobunaga. When Takeda Katsuyori committed suicide in 1582, declaring the end of the Takeda clan, only three of them were still serving under the Takeda.
Falaën Castle
Falaën Castle is a château-ferme, or fortified farmhouse, in the village of Falaën, municipality of Onhaye, province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. The castle was built between 1670 and 1673 by the Polchet Family to protect themselves from traveling bands of brigands. In the 18th century it was passed to Coppin family. It was then held for another two centuries until being sold to the Delhaye Family, sometime during the 20th century.

Falaën
Falaën (French pronunciation: [falaɛ̃]; Walloon: Falayin) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Onhaye, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

Falaën is a member of the Les Plus Beaux Villages de Wallonie ("The Most Beautiful Villages of Wallonia") association. Falaën Castle and the ruins of Montaigle Castle are located in the village.
Clementina Black
Clementina Maria Black (27 July 1853 – 19 December 1922) was an English writer, feminist and pioneering trade unionist, closely connected with Marxist and Fabian socialists. She worked for women's rights at work and for women's suffrage.

Eleanor Marx
Jenny Julia Eleanor Marx (16 January 1855 – 31 March 1898), sometimes called Eleanor Aveling and known to her family as Tussy, was the English-born youngest daughter of Karl Marx. She was herself a socialist activist who sometimes worked as a literary translator. In March 1898, after discovering that her partner Edward Aveling had secretly married the previous year, she poisoned herself at the age of 43.
Beaverdale, Des Moines County, Iowa
Beaverdale is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Flint River Township, Des Moines County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 880. It is part of the Burlington, Iowa micropolitan area.

Des Moines County, Iowa
Des Moines County is located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,910, and was estimated to be 38,411 in 2024. The county seat and largest city is Burlington. It is one of Iowa's two original counties along with Dubuque County; both were organized by the Michigan Territorial legislature in 1834. Des Moines County is part of the Burlington micropolitan statistical area.

Des Moines County sits on Iowa's eastern border alongside the Mississippi River. The city of Des Moines is in Polk County in central Iowa. Both places derive their name from the Des Moines River, which flows through the city of Des Moines and originally flowed through the county. When the county was divided early in Iowa's history, the river ended up further west, forming the border between Lee County, Iowa and the state of Missouri.
Jessica Joseph
Jessica Joseph (born March 31, 1982, in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan) is an American former ice dancer. With Charles Butler, she is the 1998 World Junior champion and 1998 U.S. silver medalist. They also competed in the 1998 Winter Olympics. After that partnership ended, she skated with Brandon Forsyth and won a bronze medal at the 2001 Nationals. In 2002, the pair split, and Joseph left competitive skating.

Brandon Forsyth
Brandon Forsyth (born November 8, 1979) is an American former competitive ice dancer. With Emilie Nussear, he is the 2000 World Junior silver medalist. They were coached by Bob Young in Simsbury, Connecticut. In the summer of 2000, Forsyth teamed up with Jessica Joseph. They became the 2001 U.S. national bronze medalists and alternates to the 2002 Winter Olympics. They were coached by Alexander Zhulin and Samvel Gezalian in Hackensack, New Jersey. Forsyth formed a partnership with Lydia Manon in March 2005.
Nosaj Thing
Jason W. Chung (born January 27, 1985), better known as Nosaj Thing, is an American artist, record producer, and DJ based in Los Angeles, California. He has produced tracks for Kendrick Lamar, Chance the Rapper, Kid Cudi, Tinashe, Toro Y Moi, serpentwithfeet, Eartheater, Julianna Barwick, and is the founder of Timetable Records.

Eyedress
Idris Ennolandy Vicuña (born May 28, 1990), known professionally as Eyedress, is a Filipino musician who has released albums in various rock, pop and electronic styles. Hailing from Manila, he currently lives in Los Angeles.
Masters of Reality
Masters of Reality is an American rock band formed in 1981 by frontman Chris Goss and guitarist Tim Harrington in Syracuse, New York, United States. They took the name for the band from a misprinted label of the third Black Sabbath album, Master of Reality. Goss has remained the only constant band member. Since the release of their self-titled debut album in 1989, Masters of Reality has released seven studio albums so far.

The band's music has touched on many styles, ranging from hard rock to blues, from progressive rock to Beatlesque pop music. The band is sometimes associated with the "Palm Desert Scene", which includes bands like Kyuss, Queens of the Stone Age and many other stoner rock and "desert rock" bands.

How High the Moon: Live at the Viper Room
How High the Moon: Live at the Viper Room is the first live album of the American rock band Masters of Reality, released in 1997.

The album was retitled Reality Show for a European re-release in 2002.
Vital Product Data
Vital Product Data (VPD)  is a collection of configuration and informational data associated with a particular set of hardware or software. VPD stores information such as part numbers, serial numbers, and engineering change levels. Not all devices attached to a system will provide VPD, but it is often available from PCI and SCSI devices.  Parallel ATA and USB devices also provide similar data, but do not refer to it as VPD.

VPD data is typically burned onto EEPROMs associated with various hardware components, or can be queried through attached I2C buses. It is used by firmware (for example, OpenFirmware) to determine the nature of the system hardware, and to shield the operation of the firmware from minor changes and variations of hardware implementations within a given machine model number.

IBM AIX
AIX (pronounced /ˌeɪ.aɪ.ˈɛks/ ay-eye-EKS) is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM since 1986. The name stands for "Advanced Interactive eXecutive". Current versions are designed to work with Power ISA based server and workstation computers such as IBM's Power line.
Batu Khan
Batu Khan (c. 1205–1255) was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's demise. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Khan.  His ulus ruled over the Kievan Rus', Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years.

Kipchaks
The Kipchaks, also spelled Qipchaqs, known as Polovtsians (Polovtsy) in Russian sources, were Turkic nomads and then a confederation that existed in the Middle Ages inhabiting parts of the Eurasian Steppe.

First mentioned in the eighth century as part of the Second Turkic Khaganate, they most likely inhabited the Altai region from where they expanded over the following centuries, first as part of the Kimek–Kipchak confederation and later as part of a confederation with the Cumans. There were groups of Kipchaks in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, China, Syr Darya, and Siberia. Cumania was conquered by the Mongol Empire in the early 13th century and integrated into the Golden Horde, which also went on to become known as Kipchak Khanate and the start of a massive Mongolisation of culture, in which when the Kipchak identity was codified permanently when they started to blur the line of Mongols and Turks to become the modern formation of Turco-Mongol identity.
Bird's Head Peninsula
The Bird's Head Peninsula (Indonesian: Kepala Burung, Dutch: Vogelkop, meaning Bird's Head in Indonesian and Dutch) or Doberai Peninsula (Indonesian: Semenanjung Doberai) is a large peninsula that makes up the northwest portion of the island of New Guinea, comprising the Indonesian provinces of Southwest Papua and West Papua.  It is often referred to as The Vogelkop, and is so named because its shape looks like a bird's head on the island of New Guinea. The peninsula at the opposite end of the island (in Papua New Guinea) is called the Bird's Tail Peninsula. The peninsula just to the south is called the Bomberai Peninsula.

Mantion–Meax languages
The Mantion–Meax, Mantion–Meyah, or (South) East Bird's Head languages are a language family of three languages in the "Bird's Head Peninsula" of western New Guinea, spoken by all together 20,000 people.
Camposanto
Camposanto (Modenese: Campsànt; Mirandolese: Campsènt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Modena on the Panaro river.   Although the name in Italian literally means "holy field", which normally means "cemetery" in Italian, its original (Latin) name, "Campus Sanctus", probably honoured the 14th century Ferrara family of Santi, who owned the land.

The Battle of Campo Santo was fought here in 1743.

Camposanto borders the following municipalities: Bomporto, Crevalcore, Finale Emilia, Medolla, Ravarino, San Felice sul Panaro, San Prospero.

In May 2012 Camposanto was the epicenter of a 6.0-magnitude earthquake.

Ravarino
Ravarino (Modenese: Ravarèin) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Modena, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Modena.

Ravarino borders the following municipalities: Bomporto, Camposanto, Crevalcore, Nonantola.
Pakistan men's national under-19 volleyball team
The Pakistan men's national under-19 volleyball team represents Pakistan in men's under-21 volleyball events. It is managed by the Pakistan Volleyball Federation (PVF) and takes part in international volleyball competitions, primarily the CAVA U18 Championship, the U18 Asian Championship, and the U19 World Championship.

Pakistan Volleyball Federation
Pakistan Volleyball Federation (PVF) is the national governing body responsible for developing and promoting volleyball in the country. Established in 1955, the PVF has since organised volleyball activities at the national level. It is affiliated with both the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) and the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC).
Woodlawn station (IRT Jerome Avenue Line)
The Woodlawn station (sometimes called Woodlawn–Jerome Avenue station) is the northern terminal of the New York City Subway's IRT Jerome Avenue Line. The station is located at the intersection of Bainbridge and Jerome Avenues, outside Woodlawn Cemetery. Despite the station name, this intersection is in the Norwood neighborhood of the Bronx, and not in Woodlawn. It is served by the 4 train at all times. This station was constructed by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company as part of the Dual Contracts and opened in 1918.

Its opening helped spur the development of the area that had begun with the opening of nearby Woodlawn Cemetery. Following renovations in 2005, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its use of ornamental concrete. A public art display of stained glass called Children at Play was also installed.

Norwood, Bronx
Norwood, also known as Bainbridge, is a residential neighborhood in the northwest Bronx, New York City, U.S. It is bound by Van Cortlandt Park and Woodlawn Cemetery to the north, the Bronx River to the east, and Mosholu Parkway to the southwest. The area is dominated topographically by what was once Valentine's Hill, the highest point being near the intersection of 210th Street and Bainbridge Avenue, where Gun Hill Road intersects, and around the Montefiore Medical Center, the largest landowner and employer of the neighborhood. Norwood's main commercial arteries are Gun Hill Road, Jerome Avenue, Webster Avenue, and Bainbridge Avenue.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community District 7 and is patrolled by the NYPD's 52nd Precinct. As of the 2000 United States census, the seven census tracts that make up the neighborhood had a population of 40,748.
Bridger family of Virginia
The Bridger family of Virginia is notable to American history.  Relevant figures include Joseph Bridger and Jim Bridger, as well as some less-known contributors to American colonial, pioneer, and Civil War history.

Joseph Bridger
Joseph Bridger (1632 – April 15, 1686) was an English-born military officer, merchant, planter and politician. He emigrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where Bridger became wealthy and well-known for supporting Governor William Berkeley and his successors. As would his namesake grandson and several other descendants, Bridger served in the House of Burgesses representing Isle of Wight County. Bridger also served in the legislature's upper house, the Virginia Governor's Council, and led troops against the rebels during Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 as well as in 1682, when he helped suppress the tobacco cutters (although he had sympathetized with a similar solution nearly two decades earlier).
Prime Minister of Barbados
The prime minister of Barbados is the head of government of Barbados. The prime minister is appointed by the president under the terms of the Constitution. As the nominal holder of executive authority, the president holds responsibility for conducting parliamentary elections and for proclaiming one of the candidates as prime minister.

Constitution of Barbados
The Constitution of Barbados is the supreme law under which Barbados is governed. The Constitution provides a legal establishment of the Government of Barbados, as well as legal rights and responsibilities of the public and various other government officers.  The Constitution which came into force in 1966 was amended in 1974, 1980, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. The 1966 document succeeds several other documents concerning administration of Barbados. One of them, the Barbados Charter, is discussed in the present Constitution's Preamble. Prior statutes were created for the administration of Barbados as a colony.  As a former English and later British colony, the Constitution is similar to those of other former Commonwealth realms, yet distinctly different in the spirit of the Statute of Westminster.
Paul Oliver
Paul Hereford Oliver MBE (25 May 1927 – 15 August 2017) was an English architectural historian and writer on the blues and other forms of African-American music. He was equally distinguished in both fields, although it is likely that aficionados of one of his specialties were not aware of his expertise in the other. He wrote some of the first scholarly studies of blues music, and his commentary and research have been influential.

Harrow High School
Harrow High School is a co-educational academy in the London Borough of Harrow and a specialist Sports College. It was previously called Gayton High School and Harrow County School for Boys. The school has a sixth form for post-16 studies part of the Harrow Sixth Form Collegiate. There was an independent school with the same name on a nearby site until the late 1980s.