hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Central limit theorem for directional statistics
In probability theory, the central limit theorem states conditions under which the average of a sufficiently large number of independent random variables, each with finite mean and variance, will be approximately normally distributed.

Directional statistics is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions (unit vectors in Rn), axes (lines through the origin in Rn) or rotations in Rn. The means and variances of directional quantities are all finite, so that the central limit theorem may be applied to the particular case of directional statistics.

This article will deal only with unit vectors in 2-dimensional space (R2) but the method described can be extended to the general case.

Directional statistics
Directional statistics (also circular statistics or spherical statistics) is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions (unit vectors in Euclidean space, Rn), axes (lines through the origin in Rn) or rotations in Rn. More generally, directional statistics deals with observations on compact Riemannian manifolds including the Stiefel manifold.

The fact that 0 degrees and 360 degrees are identical angles, so that for example 180 degrees is not a sensible mean of 2 degrees and 358 degrees, provides one illustration that special statistical methods are required for the analysis of some types of data (in this case, angular data). Other examples of data that may be regarded as directional include statistics involving temporal periods (e.g. time of day, week, month, year, etc.), compass directions, dihedral angles in molecules, orientations, rotations and so on.
Asami Sanada
Asami Sanada (真田 アサミ, Sanada Asami; born September 8, 1977) is a Japanese actress from Nagano Prefecture. She voiced the role of Vita in the Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha series, Jun Sakurada in the Rozen Maiden series, Kurumi Tokisaki in the Date A Live series, Sawako Yamanaka in the K-On! series, and Dejiko in Di Gi Charat.

Maria Holic
Maria†Holic (Japanese: まりあ†ほりっく, Hepburn: Maria†Horikku) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Minari Endō, the author of Dazzle. The manga was first serialized in the Japanese seinen manga magazine Monthly Comic Alive on June 27, 2006, and is published by Media Factory. The manga was initially licensed by Tokyopop in North America and picked up by One Peace Books in 2016 after Tokyopop lost the license in 2011. It has also been released digitally by BookWalker, Kadokawa's online digital shopfront. The series follows Kanako Miyamae who just got transferred to an all-girls private Catholic school to find a partner of the same sex.

The first anime adaptation animated by Shaft aired in Japan between January and March 2009. A second anime season, Maria†Holic: Alive, premiered on April 8, 2011. Both seasons of the anime series have been licensed by Sentai Filmworks.
A Restatement of the English Law of Unjust Enrichment
A Restatement of the English Law of Unjust Enrichment is a legal treatise by Andrew Burrows, written in collaboration with an advisory group of academics, judges and practitioners.
The treatise  takes the form of a restatement that is akin to the American Law Institute's highly influential Restatements of the Law. Restatements are very rare in common law jurisdictions other than the United States.

Restatements of the Law
In American jurisprudence, the Restatements of the Law are a set of treatises on legal subjects that seek to inform judges and lawyers about general principles of common law. There are now four series of Restatements, all published by the American Law Institute, an organization of judges, legal academics, and practitioners founded in 1923.
Jaeger Brigade
The Jaeger Brigade (Finnish: Jääkäriprikaati; Swedish: Jägarbrigaden) is a unit of the Finnish Army. The unit is located in Sodankylä and Rovaniemi in Finnish Lapland, some 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of the Arctic Circle. The brigade trains 2,200 conscripts per year. The brigade has two main units: Lapland Jaeger Battalion in Sodankylä and Rovaniemi Air Defence Battalion at Rovaniemi air base.

The Jaeger Brigade specialises in training soldiers for the harsh climate of Lapland. The brigade is also responsible for developing arctic warfare tactics and equipment in cooperation with Swedish and Norwegian arctic forces. Their expertise in cold-weather warfare is widely recognized; members of the U.S. and other militaries come to Sodankylä in winter to learn from them.

Troops are motorized by all-terrain vehicles Sisu Nasu and Bandvagn 206 due to their better movement in arctic conditions compared to heavily armed vehicles.

Rovaniemi Air Defence Battalion
Rovaniemi Air Defence Battalion (Finnish: Rovaniemen ilmatorjuntapatteristo) was a unit of the Finnish Army located in Rovaniemi. It was founded in 1989 as a brigade-level unit with the name Lapland Air Defence Regiment (Finnish: Lapin ilmatorjuntarykmentti). In 2015, the Regiment was disabanded and its battalion-level unit Rovaniemi Air Defence Battalion was attached to the Jaeger Brigade.
Downhaul
The downhaul is a line which is part of the rigging on a sailboat; it applies downward force on a spar or sail. The most common downhaul on a modern sailboat is attached to the spinnaker pole, though this may be referred to as the foreguy in some rigging nomenclature. The term is also commonly applied to the cunningham on the mainsail.

In a windsurfing rig, the downhaul is the primary load-bearing line which controls the sail's shape. Modern windsurfing sails incorporate a sleeve for the mast, and therefore do not have a halyard which tensions the top of the sail. The downhaul is tensioned early in the rigging process and is generally not adjustable on the water, and is therefore rather different in use than the downhaul on a sailboat.

Guy (sailing)
A guy (probably from Dutch gei, "brail") is a line (rope) attached to and intended to control the end of a spar on a sailboat.  On a modern sloop-rigged sailboat with a symmetric spinnaker, the spinnaker pole is the spar most commonly controlled by one or more guys.
Rocksprings High School
Rocksprings High School is a public high school located in Rocksprings, Texas (USA) and classified as a 1A school by the UIL. It is part of the Rocksprings Independent School District located in central Edwards County. In 2015, the school was rated "met standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Rocksprings, Texas
Rocksprings is a town in and the county seat of Edwards County, Texas, United States. At the 2020 census, the town population was 874, down from 1,182 at the 2010 census and 1,285 at the 2000 census. The town received its name from natural springs associated with the porous limestone rocks in the area.
Kuhi Kheyl
Kuhi Kheyl (Persian: كوهي خيل) is a city in, and the capital of, Gil Khuran District in Juybar County, Mazandaran province, Iran. It was the capital of Gil Khuran Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Kord Kola. The village of Kuhi Kheyl was converted to a city in 2004.

Kord Kola
Kord Kola (Persian: كردكلا) is a village in, and the capital of, Chapakrud-e Sharqi Rural District in Gil Khuran District of Juybar County, Mazandaran province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kuhi Kheyl.
Song–Tibet relations
The history of the relationship between the Song dynasty (960–1279) of China and Tibetan regimes during the Era of Fragmentation is a diplomatic history between imperial China and Tibet. Unlike the preceding Tang–Tibet relations in which both parties were military powers, the Song–Tibet relations were ones of relative peace and cultural creativity.

Tea Horse Road
The Tea Horse Road or Chamadao (simplified Chinese: 茶马道; traditional Chinese: 茶馬道), now generally referred to as the Ancient Tea Horse Road or Chamagudao (simplified Chinese: 茶马古道; traditional Chinese: 茶馬古道) was a network of caravan paths winding through the mountains of Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet in Southwest China. This was also a tea trade route. It is also sometimes referred to as the "Southern Silk Road" or "Southwest Silk Road."

There are numerous surviving archaeological and monumental elements, including trails, bridges, way stations, market towns, palaces, staging posts, shrines and temples along the route.

"Ancient Tea Horse Road" is a historical concept with a specific meaning. It refers to a major traffic road formed by the exchange of tea and horses between Han and Tibet from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Republic of China.
Aequationes Mathematicae
Aequationes Mathematicae is a mathematical journal. It is primarily devoted to functional equations, but also publishes papers in dynamical systems, combinatorics, and geometry. As well as publishing regular journal submissions on these topics, it also regularly reports on international symposia on functional equations and produces bibliographies on the subject.

János Aczél founded the journal in 1968 at the University of Waterloo, in part because of the long publication delays of up to four years in other journals at the time of its founding.
It is currently published by Springer Science+Business Media, with Zsolt Páles of the University of Debrecen as its editor in chief. János Aczél remains its honorary editor in chief.

It is frequently listed as a second-quartile mathematics journal by SCImago Journal Rank.

János Aczél (mathematician)
János Dezső Aczél FRSC (Hungarian: [ˈɒt͡seːl]; 26 December 1924 – 1 January 2020), also known as John Aczel, was a Hungarian-Canadian mathematician, who specialized in functional equations and information theory.
Pole Position (TV series)
Pole Position is an animated action and science fiction series produced by DIC Enterprises and MK Company. The series aired for one season in 1984 and appeared in re-runs for a few years thereafter. The series is loosely based on the arcade racing video game series Pole Position by Namco, though the game and the television program have very little in common beyond the basic concept of auto racing and two cars from the game being featured in the series.

Melvin Franklin
David Melvin English (October 12, 1942 – February 23, 1995), better known by the stage name Melvin Franklin or his nickname "Blue", was an American bass singer. Franklin was best known for his role as a founding member of Motown singing group The Temptations from 1960 to 1995.
Nuno da Cunha e Ataíde
Nuno da Cunha de Ataíde e Melo (7 December 1664 – 3 December 1750), more commonly referred to as Cardinal da Cunha, was a Portuguese Cardinal of the Catholic Church, and a politically important figure as a close advisor to King John V. Cardinal da Cunha occupied several positions at Court, as the King's chief chaplain, a chief minister ("ministro do despacho") and a significant member of the Council of State; he is perhaps most well-remembered as the Inquisitor-General of the Tribunal of the Holy Office from 1707 until his death in 1750.

Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor (Latin: Inquisitor Generalis, literally Inquisitor General or General Inquisitor) was the highest-ranked official of the Inquisition. The title usually refers to the inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition, in charge of appeals and cases of aristocratic importance, even after the reunification of the inquisitions. Secretaries-general of the Roman Inquisition were often styled as Grand Inquisitor but the role and functions were different.

The Portuguese Inquisition was headed by a Grand Inquisitor, or General Inquisitor, named by the Pope but selected by the king, always from within the royal family.

The most famous Inquisitor General was the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.
Kerb crawler
A kerb crawler (or curb crawler) is a person who drives around areas known for street prostitution, soliciting prostitutes for sexual activity. The act is known as kerb crawling because the person will typically drive very slowly along the kerbside.

Where prostitution is illegal, kerb crawlers are widely regarded as a public nuisance; they help to keep street prostitutes in business in red-light districts and often solicit pedestrians who are not prostitutes for sex. As a result, kerb crawling is illegal in many jurisdictions.

Sting operations in which undercover police wait for kerb crawlers to proposition them are a common method for tackling kerb crawling. Kerb crawling is illegal in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, South Korea and India. Police may also collect licence-plate numbers of vehicles that appear to be kerb crawling and may contact their registered owners. Kerb crawling and soliciting in a public place are legal in New Zealand.

Street prostitution
Street prostitution is a form of prostitution in which a prostitute solicits customers from a public place, most commonly a street, while waiting at street corners or walking alongside a street, but also other public places such as parks, benches, etc. The street prostitute is often dressed in a provocative manner. The sex act may be performed in the customer's car, in a nearby secluded street location, or at the prostitute's residence or in a rented motel room.
Chattooga County, Georgia
Chattooga County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,965. The county seat is Summerville. The county was created on December 28, 1838. Chattooga County comprises the Summerville, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Rome-Summerville Combined Statistical Area. Summerville is the site of the Chattooga County Courthouse. The county is home to several properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest
The Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest in northern Georgia comprises two United States National Forests, the Oconee National Forest in eastern Georgia and the Chattahoochee National Forest located in the North Georgia Mountains.  The Chattahoochee National Forest is composed of an eastern and western forest. The western forest contains Johns Mountain, Little Sand Mountain, and Taylor Ridge. The combined total area of the Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest is 867,265 acres (3,510 km2), of which the Chattahoochee National Forest comprises 751,069 acres (3,039 km2) and the Oconee National Forest comprises 116,196 acres (470 km2).  The county with the largest portion of the eastern forest is Rabun County, Georgia, which has 148,684 acres (601.7 km2) within its boundaries.
City of Adelaide
34°56′S 138°36′E﻿ / ﻿34.933°S 138.600°E﻿ / -34.933; 138.600

The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council, is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia. It is legally defined as the capital city of South Australia by the City of Adelaide Act 1998. It includes the Adelaide city centre, the suburb of North Adelaide, and the Adelaide Park Lands, which surround North Adelaide and the city centre.

Established in 1840, the City of Adelaide Municipal Corporation was the first municipal authority in Australia. At its time of establishment, Adelaide's (and Australia's) first mayor, James Hurtle Fisher, was elected. From 1919 onwards, the municipality has had a Lord Mayor, as of 2023 being Jane Lomax-Smith.

Pirie Street
Pirie Street is a road on the east side of the Adelaide central business district, South Australia.  It runs east–west, between East Terrace and King William Street. After crossing King William Street, it continues as Waymouth Street. It forms the southern boundary of Hindmarsh Square which is in the centre of the north-east quadrant of the city centre.

Pirie Street is served by a stop on the Glenelg tram line on King William Street. It is mainly occupied by office buildings, restaurants, and nightspots. It is one of the narrower streets of the Adelaide grid, at 1 chain (66 ft; 20 m) wide, and has a bicycle lane.

It has a number of notable buildings, including several heritage-listed ones, and was once home to the biggest brewery in the colony of South Australia, the Adelaide Brewery. In 2019 it was used as a location for the film Escape from Pretoria, starring Daniel Radcliffe, substituting for Cape Town, South Africa.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Genesee County, New York
List of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Genesee County, New York

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Genesee County, New York.  The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates".  One property, the Holland Land Office, is further designated a National Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 14, 2025.

Genesee County, New York
Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,388. Its county seat is Batavia. Its name is from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "the Beautiful Valley". The county was created in 1802 and organized in 1803. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Genesee County comprises the Batavia, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY combined statistical area. It is in Western New York. It is the namesake of Genesee County, Michigan; that is, the Michigan county was named for Genesee County, New York.
Penllyn, Gwynedd
Penllyn is a former civil parish in the Welsh county of Gwynedd. The parish was created in 1894 from the part of Criccieth parish that lay outside the ancient borough.  It was abolished in 1934, and divided between Llanystumdwy and Criccieth. The area gives its name to a special stage used during the 2013 Wales Rally GB.

Criccieth
Criccieth, also spelled Cricieth ([ˈkrɪkjɛθ] ⓘ), is a town and community in Gwynedd, Wales, on the boundary between the Llŷn Peninsula and Eifionydd. The town is 5 miles (8 km) west of Porthmadog, 9 miles (14 km) east of Pwllheli and 17 miles (27 km) south of Caernarfon. It had a population of 1,826 in 2001, reducing to 1,753 at the 2011 census.

The town is a seaside resort, popular with families. Attractions include the ruins of Criccieth Castle, which have extensive views over the town and surrounding countryside. In the centre is Y Maes, part of the original medieval town common.

The town is noted for its fairs, held on 23 May and 29 June every year, when large numbers of people visit the fairground and the market which spreads through many of the streets of the town.

The town styles itself the "Pearl of Wales on the Shores of Snowdonia".
Healthcare in Chennai
Healthcare in Chennai is provided by both government-run and private hospitals. Chennai attracts about 45 percent of health tourists from abroad arriving in the country and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. The city has been termed Health Capital of India. Multi- and super-specialty hospitals across the city bring in an estimated 150 international patients every day. Factors behind the tourists' inflow in the city include low costs, little to no waiting period, and facilities offered at the speciality hospitals in the city.

Cancer Institute (WIA)
The Cancer Institute (WIA - Women's Indian Association), also known as the Adyar Cancer Institute, is a non-profit cancer treatment and research centre based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The Cancer Institute (WIA) was established in the year 1952 under the leadership of Muthulakshmi Reddy. In 1974, the institute became the Regional Cancer Centre and declared a "Centre of Excellence" by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
Fort Smith, Northwest Territories
Fort Smith (Chipewyan: Thebacha "beside the rapids") is a town in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. It is located in the southeastern portion of the Northwest Territories, on the Slave River and adjacent to the Alberta border along the 60th parallel north.

Fort Fitzgerald
Fitzgerald, also known as Fort Fitzgerald and originally Smith's Landing, is an unincorporated community in northern Alberta, Canada. The hamlet portion of the community (Fort Fitzgerald) is within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, while the locality portion (Fitzgerald) is Thebathi 196. It is 15.4 km (9.6 mi) south of the Northwest Territories border and 23 km (14 mi) southeast of Fort Smith.
Forbach
Forbach (/fɔːrˈbɑːk/ for-BAHK, French: [fɔʁbak], German: [ˈfɔʁbax]; Alemannic German: Fuerboch) is a commune in the French department of Moselle, northeastern French region of Grand Est.

It is located on the German border approximately 15 minutes from the center of Saarbrücken, Germany, with which it constitutes a cross-border conurbation, and is part of the Saar-Moselle Eurodistrict. With a population of about 20,000, it is the largest town in the eastern Moselle area.

Forbach station
Forbach railway station (French: Gare de Forbach) is a railway station in Forbach in the Moselle department of north-eastern France. It is the last station in France before the German border at Saarbrücken.
Carrodano
Carrodano (Ligurian: Carreu, locally Caröa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Genoa and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 532 and an area of 21.0 square kilometres (8.1 sq mi).

Carrodano borders the following municipalities: Borghetto di Vara, Carro, Deiva Marina, Framura, Levanto, Sesta Godano.

Framura
Framura (Ligurian: Framua [fɾaˈmyːa]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Genoa and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 739 and an area of 18.9 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi).

The municipality of Framura contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Anzo, Ravecca, Setta, Costa, and Castagnola. Framura borders the following municipalities: Bonassola, Carrodano, Deiva Marina, Levanto. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Bridlewood, Ottawa
Bridlewood is a neighbourhood in Kanata South Ward in the western part of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Bridlewood was part of the Township of Nepean until 1978, and then part of the City of Kanata until 2001, when that city amalgamated with the City of Ottawa.

Kanata, Ontario
Kanata (/kəˈnætə/, kə-NAT-ə) is a satellite community and former city within Ottawa, Ontario. It is located about 22 km (14 mi) west of the city's downtown core. As of 2021, the former City of Kanata had a population of 98,938, with the population centre (which includes next-door Stittsville) having a population of 137,118. Before it was amalgamated into Ottawa in 2001, it was one of the fastest-growing cities in Canada and the fastest-growing community in Eastern Ontario. Located just to the west of the National Capital Commission Greenbelt, it is one of the largest of several communities that surround central Ottawa.