hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Civilisation (TV series)
Civilisation: A Personal View by Kenneth Clark is a 1969 British television documentary series written and presented by the art historian Sir Kenneth Clark.

Its thirteen episodes outline the history of Western art, architecture and philosophy since the Dark Ages. It was produced by the BBC and aired from February to May 1969 on BBC2. Then, and in later transmissions in Britain, the United States and other countries, it reached an unprecedented number of viewers for an art series. Its production standards were praised and set the pattern for subsequent television documentary series. The New Yorker described it as revelatory for the general viewer.

Clark's 1969 book Civilisation: A Personal View, based on the series, has never been out of print, and the BBC's DVD issue of the series in 2005 has remained in the catalogues.

Mary Beard
Dame Winifred Mary Beard (born 1 January 1955) is an English classicist specialising in Ancient Rome. She is a trustee of the British Museum and formerly held a personal professorship of classics at the University of Cambridge. She is a fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge, and Royal Academy of Arts Professor of Ancient Literature.

Beard is the classics editor of The Times Literary Supplement, for which she also writes a regular blog, "A Don's Life". Her frequent media appearances and sometimes controversial public statements have led to her being described as "Britain's best-known classicist". In 2014, The New Yorker characterised her as "learned but accessible".
Sani people
The Sani people (撒尼人) are a branch of the Yi people in China and speak the Sani language a dialect of the Yi language. The Sani people live mainly in the central part of Yunnan, notably Shílín (formerly Lùnán) and Yíliáng counties as well as in Lúxī County.

Shilin Yi Autonomous County
Shilin Yi Autonomous County (Chinese: 石林彝族自治县; pinyin: Shílín Yízú Zìzhìxiàn: Sani: ) is an autonomous county, under the jurisdiction of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, China. It borders Yiliang County, Kunming to the west, Luliang County to the northeast, Luxi County, Yunnan to the southeast, and Mile City to the south.
Hammett, Idaho
Hammett is an unincorporated community in Elmore County, Idaho, United States. Hammett is located along Interstate 84 Business and Idaho State Highway 78, about 8.5 miles (13.7 km) west of Glenns Ferry. Hammett has a post office with ZIP Code 83627.

Elmore County, Idaho
Elmore County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,666. The largest city and county seat is Mountain Home.

Elmore County comprises the Mountain Home, ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Boise-Mountain Home-Ontario, ID-OR Combined Statistical Area.
Dr. John W. Messick House and Office
Dr. John W. Messick House and Office is a historic home and office located at Georgetown, Sussex County, Delaware. It was built in 1876 and is a 1+1⁄2-story, three-bay, L-shaped frame dwelling with a two-story, five-bay rear wing. It has a recessed turret structure attached at the front as a fourth bay.  The house is in a Late Gothic Revival style with a mansard roof in the Second Empire style.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Georgetown, Delaware
Georgetown is a town in and the county seat of Sussex County, Delaware, United States. As of the 2020 census, Georgetown had a population of 7,134.

Georgetown is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Beachwood, New Jersey
Beachwood is a borough situated in the Jersey Shore region, within Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 10,859, a decrease of 186 (−1.7%) from the 2010 census count of 11,045, which in turn reflected an increase of 670 (+6.5%) from the 10,375 counted in the 2000 census.

Beachwood was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 22, 1917, from portions of Berkeley Township, based on the results of a referendum held on April 12, 1917.

Manchester Township, New Jersey
Manchester Township is a township in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is noted for containing the Lakehurst Naval Air Station, the site of the infamous Hindenburg disaster of May 6, 1937. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 45,115, the highest recorded in any decennial count and an increase of 2,045 (+4.7%) from the 2010 census count of 43,070, which in turn reflected an increase of 4,142 (+10.6%) from the 38,928 counted in the 2000 census.

Manchester Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6, 1865, from portions of Dover Township (now Toms River Township). The township was named by William Torrey for Manchester, England. Portions of the township were taken to form Lakehurst on April 7, 1921.
Złotowo, Kościerzyna County
Złotowo [zwɔˈtɔvɔ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Kościerzyna
Gmina Kościerzyna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kościerzyna, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 310.15 square kilometres (119.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,295.

The gmina contains parts of the protected areas called Kashubian Landscape Park and Wdydze Landscape Park.
Federation Square
Federation Square (marketed and colloquially known as Fed Square) is a venue for arts, culture and public events on the edge of the Melbourne central business district. It covers an area of 3.2 ha (7.9 acres) at the intersection of Flinders and Swanston Streets built above busy railway lines and across the road from Flinders Street station. It incorporates major cultural institutions such as the Ian Potter Centre, Australian Centre for the Moving Image (ACMI) and the Koorie Heritage Trust as well as cafes and bars in a series of buildings centred around a large paved square, and a glass walled atrium.

Pinwheel tiling
In geometry, pinwheel tilings are non-periodic tilings defined by Charles Radin and based on a construction due to John Conway.
They are the first known non-periodic tilings to each have the property that their tiles appear in infinitely many orientations.
Ciechanowice
Ciechanowice [t͡ɕɛxanɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Marciszów, within Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is situated on the Bóbr River.

Gmina Marciszów
Gmina Marciszów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Marciszów, which lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Kamienna Góra and 78 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 81.98 square kilometres (31.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 4,499.
Lars Sæter
Lars Sæter (13 May 1895 – 27 May 1988) was a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.

He was born in Surendal Municipality.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag in 1954, and was re-elected on one occasion.

Sæter was a member of the executive committee of the municipal council of Trondheim Municipality between 1945 and 1947, and a member of the municipal council for Surnadal Municipality in 1963–1964.

Sør-Trøndelag (Storting constituency)
Sør-Trøndelag (lit. transl. South Trøndelag; Southern Sami: Åarjel-Tröndelaage) is one of the 19 multi-member constituencies of the Storting, the national legislature of Norway. The constituency was established in 1921 following the introduction of proportional representation for elections to the Storting. It consists of the municipalities of Åfjord, Frøya, Heim, Hitra, Holtålen, Indre Fosen, Malvik, Melhus, Midtre Gauldal, Oppdal, Orkland, Ørland, Osen, Rennebu, Rindal, Røros, Selbu, Skaun, Trondheim and Tydal in the county of Trøndelag. The constituency currently elects nine of the 169 members of the Storting using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2025 parliamentary election it had 258,021 registered electors.
Dolcedo
Dolcedo (Ligurian: Dôçeo, locally U Dusseu) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Imperia, in the Italian region of Liguria, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of Imperia.

The communal seat, Piazza, is located in the lower valley of the Prino stream. The other main centers are Isolalunga, Costa Carnara, Bellissimi and Lecchiore. Dolcedo borders the following municipalities: Badalucco, Civezza, Imperia, Montalto Ligure, Pietrabruna, Prelà, Taggia, and Vasia.

Montalto Ligure
Montalto Ligure was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Imperia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 364 and an area of 13.9 square kilometres (5.4 sq mi). At the beginning of 2018 Montalto Ligure was unified with Carpasio in the new comune of Montalto Carpasio.

Montalto Ligure bordered the following municipalities: Badalucco, Carpasio, Dolcedo, Molini di Triora, and Prelà.
Karma Shakya
Karma (born as Mahesh Man Shakya) is a Nepalese film and theater actor known for his roles in Sano Sansar, Loot and Lukamari. He is recognised as a versatile actor in the Nepali film industry. Visa Girl, Suntali and First Love are some of his other notable films.

First Love (2010 Nepali film)
First Love is 2010 Nepali romantic movie directed by Simosh Sunuwar starring Aaryan Sigdel, Reecha Sharma, Nisha Adhikari, Karma and Binaya . It is the love story roaming between three close friends two girls.
Oujda
Oujda (Arabic: وجدة, romanized: wajda, pronounced [ˈwa(d)ʒda]) is a major city in northeast Morocco near the border with Algeria. Oujda is the largest city and capital of the Oriental region of northeastern Morocco and has a population of 506,224 people (2024 census). It is located about 15 kilometres (9 miles) west of the Moroccan-Algerian border in the south of the Beni Iznassen Mountains and about 55 km (34 miles) south of the Mediterranean coast.

Oriental (Morocco)
Oriental region or Oujda region (Arabic: الشرق, romanized: aš-šarq) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco, located in the north-eastern part of the country. With an area of 90,127 km2 and a population of 2,269,378 (2024 census), it is the easternmost region of Morocco.

The capital and the largest city is Oujda, and the second largest city is Nador. The region includes 7 provinces and one prefecture.

The majority of the population of the Oriental Region speaks Moroccan Arabic (86.2%) as a first or second language. According to the 2024 census, 31.1% of the inhabitants of the Oriental Region speak Tarifit. Small numbers speak Eastern Middle Atlas Tamazight and Figuig Tamazight, principally in the south of Oriental.
Gambling in California
Legal forms of gambling in the U.S. state of California include cardrooms, Indian casinos, the California State Lottery, parimutuel wagering on horse racing, and charitable gaming. Commercial casino-style gaming is prohibited and sweepstakes casinos were outlawed in September 2025 after Governor Gavin Newsom signed an anti-sweepstakes bill into law, with an effective date of January 2026.

California Gambling Control Commission
California Gambling Control Commission (CGCC) is the official gambling commission of the state of California.

The Commission was proposed in the mid 1990s under the bills AB 2803 and AB 362 to "create a state agency to license card clubs and casinos operating within the state", based on Nevada's state gaming commission.

As of May 2020, the California Gambling Control Commission has jurisdiction over 86 licensed non-tribal gambling establishments (cardrooms) in California.

The Commission's primary responsibilities related to Tribal gaming include:

Making suitability determinations for Tribal key employees, gaming resource suppliers (vendors), and financial sources;

Serving as the administrator or trustee of specified funds, including distributing funds to eligible non-gaming Tribes; and

Ensuring that the allocation of gaming devices or slot machines among the gaming tribes does not exceed the allowable number of gaming devices.
Berlin wool work
Berlin wool work is a style of embroidery similar to today's needlepoint that was particularly popular in Europe and America from 1804 to 1875.: 66  It is typically executed with wool yarn on canvas, worked in a single stitch such as cross stitch or tent stitch, although Beeton's book of Needlework (1870) describes 15 different stitches for use in Berlin work. It was traditionally stitched in many colours and hues, producing intricate three-dimensional looks by careful shading. Silk or beads were frequently used as highlights. The design of such embroidery was made possible by the great progress made in dyeing, initially with new mordants and chemical dyes, followed in 1856, especially by the discovery of aniline dyes, which produced bright colors.: 67

Berlin work creates very durable and long-lived pieces of embroidery that can be used as furniture covers, cushions, bags, or even clothing.

Cross stitches
Cross stitches in embroidery, needlepoint, and other forms of needlework include a number of related stitches in which the thread is sewn in an x or + shape. Cross stitch has been called "probably the most widely used stitch of all" and is part of the needlework traditions of the Balkans, Middle East, Afghanistan, Colonial America and Victorian England.
Real element
In group theory, a discipline within modern algebra, an element  of a group  is called a real element of  if it belongs to the same conjugacy class as its inverse , that is, if there is a  in  with , where  is defined as . An element  of a group  is called strongly real if there is an involution  with .

An element  of a group  is real if and only if for all representations  of , the trace  of the corresponding matrix is a real number. In other words, an element  of a group  is real if and only if  is a real number for all characters  of .

A group with every element real is called an ambivalent group. Every ambivalent group has a real character table. The symmetric group  of any degree  is ambivalent.

Involution (mathematics)
In mathematics, an involution, involutory function, or self-inverse function is a function f that is its own inverse,

f(f(x)) = x

for all x in the domain of f. Equivalently, applying f twice produces the original value.
Bentonville Third Street Historic District
The Bentonville Third Street Historic District is a residential historic district just southeast of the central business district of Bentonville, Arkansas.  It covers two blocks of SE Third Street, between Main and B Streets, including fourteen properties on Third Street and adjacent cross streets.  This area, developed principally after the arrival in Bentonville of the railroad in 1881, is reflective of the high-style architecture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that had not previously been widespread in Benton County.  All of the houses are one to 2+1⁄2 stories in height, and all are wood frame, except the Elliott House, a brick house with an eclectic combination of Italianate and Second Empire styles.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

James A. Rice House, 2015

Elliott House, 2015

Houses located in Bentonville Third Street Historic District, 2015

Bentonville, Arkansas
Bentonville, Arkansas is a city in and the county seat of Benton County, Arkansas, United States. The city is centrally located in the county with Rogers adjacent to the east. The city proper had a population of 54,164 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth-most populous city in Arkansas. It is one of the four main cities in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

The city is the birthplace and headquarters of Walmart, the world's largest retailer. Bentonville is one of the fastest-growing cities in the state.
Anigrides
The Anigrides (Ancient Greek: Ἀνίγριδες) were in Greek mythology the nymphs of the river Anigrus in Elis. On the coast of Elis, not far from the mouth of the river, there was a grotto sacred to them near modern Samiko, which was visited by persons afflicted with skin diseases. They were supposedly cured here by prayers and sacrifices to the nymphs, and by bathing in the river. The earliest known attestation of the cult of these nymphs was from the poet Moero in the 3rd century BCE.

The river Anigrus (or Anigros) itself was a small stream in southern Elis that flowed down from Mount Lapithas and the mountains at Minthi to the Ionian Sea. The waters are distinctly sulfuric in character. The river and cave are now part of the thermal springs of Kaiafas.

Samiko
Samiko (Greek: Σαμικό, before 1923: Αλή Τσελεπή - Ali Tselepi) is a village in the municipality of Skillounta, Elis, Greece. It is situated on a hill near the Ionian Sea, 2 km south of Kallikomo, 2 km southeast of Raches, 3 km north of Kato Samiko and 4 km southwest of Krestena.
Sydney Kumalo
Sydney Alex Kumalo (1935–1988) was a South African sculptor. Together with Anton van Wouw, Edoardo Villa and Ezrom Legae he is regarded as one of South Africa's best sculptors. He sculpted in clay, terracotta, and Plaster of Paris. Most of his sculptures were cast in bronze by the Renzo Vignali foundry in Pretoria.

Cecil Skotnes
Cecil Skotnes (1 June 1926 – 4 April 2009) was a prominent South African artist.

He was born in East London in 1926, studied drawing in Florence, Italy, the Witwatersrand Technical Art School and then the University of the Witwatersrand. He was appointed cultural officer in charge of the influential Polly Street Art Centre in 1952. Skotnes was a founding member of the Amadlozi Group in 1961.In 1979 he moved to Cape Town, where he lived until his death. He died on 4 April 2009 at the age of 82. In 2003,  he was awarded the Order of the Ikhamanga (Gold) by the South African government for his contribution to South African art.
Djúpavík
Djúpavík (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtjuːpaˌviːk]) is a small village in the North-West of Iceland.  It is located at the head of Reykjarfjörður on the Strandir coast in the Westfjords region (Vestfirðir), in the municipality of Árneshreppur.

It is approximately 70 km away from Hólmavík (the nearest settlement of any account), 280 km from Ísafjörður and 340 km from the country's capital Reykjavík. At present it only consists of seven houses, a hotel and the ruins of a herring factory. It can be reached by car via road 643 or by plane via the nearby Gjögur Airport.

Árneshreppur
Árneshreppur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈaurˌnɛsˌr̥ɛhpʏr̥] ⓘ) is an Icelandic municipality, located in the Westfjords peninsula of northwestern Iceland. It is Iceland's lowest-populated municipality with a population of 53 based on the 2024 estimate.

The village Djúpavík at the Reykjarfjörður [ˈreiːcarˌfjœrðʏr̥] is situated in the municipality. Other villages are Gjögur [ˈcœːɣʏr̥] and Norðurfjörður [ˈnɔrðʏrˌfjœrðʏr̥]. The area is served by Gjögur Airport.

Árneshreppur is known for its natural environment with hiking paths, the exhibitions in Djúpavík and the museum Kört in Trékyllisvík. One of the main tourist attractions is Krossneslaug, a swimming pool by the seaside near the farm Krossnes [ˈkʰrɔsːˌnɛːs]. Since 2021, there is a strict nature reserve in Drangar.
Tyniec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Tyniec [ˈtɨɲɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oksa, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Oksa, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Jędrzejów, and 37 km (23 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Oksa
Gmina Oksa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Oksa, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Jędrzejów and 41 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 90.26 square kilometres (34.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,879.
Municipality of Beltinci
The Municipality of Beltinci (pronounced [ˈbeːltintsi]; Slovene: Občina Beltinci) is a municipality in the Prekmurje region of northeastern Slovenia. Its seat is the settlement of Beltinci. The municipality has 8,256 inhabitants. It was a sanjak under the name Balatin that initially belonged to the Budin Eyalet, and later the Kanije Eyalet, during Ottoman rule before the Treaty of Karlowitz.

Prekmurje
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Prekmurje (Slovene pronunciation: [pɾɛkˈmúːɾjɛ] also [ˈpɾeːkmuɾjɛ] ⓘ; Prekmurje Slovene: Prèkmürsko or Prèkmüre; Hungarian: Muravidék) is a geographically, linguistically, culturally, and ethnically defined region of Slovenia, settled by Slovenes and a Hungarian minority, lying between the Mur River in Slovenia and the Rába Valley (the watershed of the Rába; Slovene: Porabje) in the westernmost part of Hungary. It covers an area of 938 square kilometers (362 sq mi) and has a population of 78,000 people. Its largest town and urban center is Murska Sobota, the other urban center being Lendava.
Deep Space (collection)
Deep Space is a collection of short science-fiction stories by the British writer Eric Frank Russell.  It was first published by Fantasy Press in 1954 in an edition of 2,257 copies.  The stories originally appeared in the magazines Thrilling Wonder Stories, Other Worlds, Astounding, Galaxy Science Fiction, Imagination and Blue book.

Fantasy Press
Fantasy Press was an American publishing house specialising in fantasy and science fiction titles. Established in 1946 by Lloyd Arthur Eshbach in Reading, Pennsylvania, it was most notable for publishing the works of authors such as Robert A. Heinlein and E. E. Smith. One of its more notable offerings was the Lensman series.

Among its books was Of Worlds Beyond: The Science of Science Fiction Writing (1947), which was the first book about modern SF and contained essays by John W. Campbell, Jr., Robert A. Heinlein, A. E. van Vogt and others.
Prittlewell
Prittlewell is an inner city area in Southend-on-Sea, in Essex, England. Historically, Prittlewell was the main village in the area. Southend was originally a hamlet at the southern end of the parish of Prittlewell. The village of Prittlewell was originally centred at the joining of three main roads, East Street, West Street, and North Street, which was extended south in the 19th century and renamed Victoria Avenue. As Southend grew into a seaside resort it overtook Prittlewell in size and Prittlewell became part of Southend's built up area. Prittlewell has been administered as part of Southend since 1877. The principal administrative buildings in Southend are located along Victoria Avenue. Prittlewell railway station serves the area.

Sæberht of Essex
Sæberht, Saberht or Sæbert (d. c. 616) was the King of Essex from c. 604 to c. 616, in succession of his father King Sledd. He is known as the first East Saxon king to have been converted to Christianity.

The principal source for his reign is the early 8th-century Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum by Bede, who claims to have derived his information about the missionary work of Mellitus among the East Saxons from Abbot Albinus of Canterbury through the London priest Nothhelm, later Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 739). Other sources include the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, an East Saxon genealogy possibly of the late 9th century, and a handful of genealogies and regnal lists written down by Anglo-Norman historians.