hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Projective module
In mathematics, particularly in algebra, the class of projective modules enlarges the class of free modules (that is, modules with basis vectors) over a ring, keeping some of the main properties of free modules. Various equivalent characterizations of these modules appear below.

Every free module is a projective module, but the converse fails to hold over some rings, such as Dedekind rings that are not principal ideal domains. However, every projective module is a free module if the ring is a principal ideal domain such as the integers, or a (multivariate) polynomial ring over a field (this is the Quillen–Suslin theorem).

Projective modules were first introduced in 1956 in the influential book Homological Algebra by Henri Cartan and Samuel Eilenberg.

Henri Cartan
Henri Paul Cartan (French: [kaʁtɑ̃]; 8 July 1904 – 13 August 2008) was a French mathematician who made substantial contributions to algebraic topology.

He was the son of the mathematician Élie Cartan, nephew of mathematician Anna Cartan, oldest brother of composer Jean Cartan, physicist Louis Cartan and mathematician Hélène Cartan, and the son-in-law of physicist Pierre Weiss.
2019 British Virgin Islands general election
General elections were held in the British Virgin Islands on 25 February 2019. For the first time, four parties with at least one incumbent member were contesting an election.

The result was a decisive victory for the Virgin Islands Party, which won eight of the 13 elected seats. The ruling National Democratic Party won only three seats, with party leader Myron Walwyn losing his seat.  Seven of the thirteen seats were won by candidates contesting an election for the first time, all for the Virgin Islands Party, a territorial record.

The elections were the first in the British Virgin Islands to use electronically tabulated voting rather that manual counts. Voter turnout was 64.64%.

Election monitors reported that they saw "no real evidence of corruption", but highlighted a large influx of voter registrations in Districts 5 and 8 which had been regarded in some quarters as potential attempt to manipulate results.

Julian Fraser
Julian Fraser (born 5 July 1950) is a British Virgin Islander politician who formerly belonged to the opposition Virgin Islands Party in the British Virgin Islands, and in August 2018 formed a new party, Progressives United.

He is currently the Member of the House of Assembly for the Third District (Sea Cow's Bay), a position which he has held since the 1999 general election. He was elected as Chairman of the Virgin Islands Party on 28 May 2014. After the 2015 general election, he was officially appointed the Leader of the Opposition under the Constitution. On 30 November 2016, Andrew Fahie replaced Julian Fraser as party leader, making Fraser the first leader of the Virgin Islands Party (and the only one so far) not to ascend to either the Chief Minister or Premiership.

In 2024, he entered into a coalition with the governing Virgin Islands Party and was appointed Deputy Premier.
Tanglewood Mall
37°13′44.4″N 79°58′37.1″W﻿ / ﻿37.229000°N 79.976972°W﻿ / 37.229000; -79.976972

Tanglewood Mall is a shopping mall in southwest Roanoke County, Virginia, United States.  It originally opened for business March 28, 1973. The mall is currently managed by Hackney Real Estate Partners.

Tanglewood Mall is located at the intersection of US 220 and Route 419. The Roy L. Weber Expressway's southern terminus is the exit with 419.

Interstate 581
Interstate 581 (I-581) is a spur of I-81 into Roanoke, Virginia, completely overlapping US Route 220 (US 220). It was planned to be connected to I-73. Future I-73 Corridor signs have been marked on I-581 on the southbound side just after exit 2.
Artem Lobov
Artem Lobov (Russian: Артём Лобов; born August 11, 1986) is an Irish-Russian former professional mixed martial artist and bare-knuckle boxer . He previously competed in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and has most recently competed in the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship. A professional since 2010, Lobov was also a cast member of The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber. He has competed for the ACB, Ultimate Fighting Championship as well as the British promotions Cage Warriors and Cage Contender. Fighting out of Dublin, he is a member of SBG Ireland.

Absolute Championship Akhmat
Absolute Championship Akhmat (ACA), formerly known as Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB), is a Russian mixed martial arts, kickboxing, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu organization and one of the leading promotions in Europe. To date, most events have been hosted in Grozny, Chechnya. ACA has also held events in other Russian cities, as well as in Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Iffa and Offa East
Iffa and Offa East (Irish: Uíbh Eoghain agus Uíbh Fhathaidh Thoir) is a barony in County Tipperary, Ireland. This geographical unit of land is one of 12 baronies in County Tipperary. Its chief town is Clonmel. The barony lies between Iffa and Offa West to the west (whose chief town is Cahir), Middle Third to the north-west (whose chief town is Cashel) and Slievardagh to the north-east (whose chief town is Mullinahone). It is currently administered by Tipperary County Council. The entire barony lies within the geographic remit of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Waterford and Lismore with the exception of the parish of Clerihan which is in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly.

Slievardagh
Slievardagh (Irish: Sliabh Ardach) is a barony in County Tipperary, Ireland. This geographical unit of land is one of 12 baronies in County Tipperary. Its chief town is Mullinahone. The barony lies between Eliogarty to the north (whose chief town is Thurles), Iffa and Offa East to the south (whose chief town is Clonmel) and Middle Third to the west (whose chief town is Cashel). It is currently administered by Tipperary County Council.
Geotrypetes seraphini
Geotrypetes seraphini, the Gaboon caecilian, is a species of amphibian in the family Dermophiidae. It is found in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and possibly Angola, and the Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, plantations, rural gardens, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.

Dermophiidae
The Dermophiidae are a family of neotropical caecilians. They are found in Central and South America, and Africa. Like other caecilians, they superficially resemble worms or snakes.

They are the only viviparous caecilians (species that give birth to live young) with secondary annuli (rings around the body).
American sole
The American soles are a family (Achiridae) of flatfish occurring in both freshwater and marine environments of the Americas.  The family includes about 35 species in seven genera.  These are closely related to the soles (Soleidae), and have been classified as a subfamily of it, but achirids have a number of distinct characteristics.

Eyes are on the right side, and the eyed-side lower lip has a distinctive fleshy rim. The dorsal and anal fins are usually separate from the caudal fin.  The pectoral fins are small or nonexistent. They are fairly small; only Achirus achirus is known to surpass 30 cm (1 ft) in length.

Soleidae
The true soles are a family, Soleidae, of flatfishes. It includes saltwater and brackish water species in the East Atlantic, Indian Ocean, West and Central Pacific Ocean, and the Mediterranean sea. Freshwater species are found in Africa, southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. Many soles are important food species: the common sole, Solea solea, is popular in northern Europe and the Mediterranean.
Forty-Fours
The Forty-Fours are a group of islands in the Chatham Archipelago, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the main Chatham Island.  They are called Motchuhar in Moriori and Motuhara in Māori.  The group includes the easternmost point of New Zealand, whose South Island is located about 800 kilometres (497 mi) to the west.

Scientists on the 1954 Chatham Islands expedition visited the islands recording prolific bird life including albatrosses and mollymawks.

The region is one of only two breeding sites for the Chatham fulmar prion.  It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International due to it also supporting colonies of Buller's and northern royal albatrosses.

Northern royal albatross
The northern royal albatross or toroa, (Diomedea sanfordi) is a large seabird in the albatross family. It was split from the closely related southern royal albatross as recently as 1998, though not all scientists support that conclusion and some consider both of them to be subspecies of the royal albatross.
In the End (Snow Patrol song)
"In the End" is a song by Northern Irish–Scottish alternative rock band Snow Patrol, released as the fourth single of their sixth album, Fallen Empires (2011) and was released as a digital download on 13 February 2012.

Fallen Empires (album)
Fallen Empires is the sixth studio album by Northern Irish–Scottish alternative rock band Snow Patrol, released on 11 November 2011 (10 January 2012 in North America). It is their first album to feature future member Johnny McDaid, who was credited as guest musician and songwriter in the album liner notes, and would officially join the band following the tour. It is also their last album with keyboardist Tom Simpson, who left the band in 2013. American singer Lissie provided additional vocals for six songs on the album ("I'll Never Let Go", "The Weight of Love", "The Garden Rules", "Fallen Empires", "Berlin", and "Those Distant Bells").
Schöpfl
Schöpfl is the highest hill (893 m; 2,930 ft) in the Vienna Woods mountain range, the north-easternmost part of the Alps. Geologically, it belongs to the flysch Alps.

The main top of the wooded mountain range carries a high observation tower which enables a 100 km (60 mi) sight to the Northern Limestone Alps in the west and the Carpathian Mountains in the east.

At the Mitterschöpfl (approx. 882 m (2,894 ft) above sea level) is the University of Vienna's Leopold Figl observatory. Its largest instrument is a telescope with a primary mirror of 1.5 m (5 ft), which was constructed in the 1960s. A second tower was built recently for some smaller astrophysical telescopes.

Vienna Woods
The Vienna Woods (German: Wienerwald, pronounced [ˈviːnɐˌvald] ⓘ) are forested highlands that form the northeastern foothills of the Northern Limestone Alps in the states of Lower Austria and Vienna. The 45-kilometre-long (28 mi) and 20–30-kilometre-wide (12–19 mi) range of hills is heavily wooded and a popular recreation area with the Viennese.
Lynx (Orlando)
Lynx (stylized as LYNX) is a transit system serving the greater Orlando, Florida area. Operated by the Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority, it provides fixed-route bus, curb-to-curb, and paratransit services in three counties: Orange, Seminole, and Osceola. Bus routes are referred to as Links.

LYNX does not operate SunRail, the region's commuter rail service, but it does provide bus connections to SunRail stations within its service area.

In 2024, the system had a ridership of 19,688,200, or about 68,600 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.

Osceola County, Florida
Osceola County (/ˌɒsiˈoʊlə/ OSS-ee-OH-lə) is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 388,656. Its county seat is Kissimmee. Osceola County is included in the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Fla. Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Being 54.3% Hispanic, Osceola is one of three Hispanic-majority counties in Florida, owing to its large Puerto Rican American population. It also is the 12th-largest majority-Hispanic county in the nation.
Spencer Lovejoy
Spencer Lovejoy (born 14 May 1998 in Connecticut) is an American professional squash player.

As of October 2021, he was ranked number 69 in the world. He has competed in multiple PSA professional tournaments and earned his first PSA title at the Mississauga Open in 2019.

Lovejoy graduated from Hopkins School in New Haven in 2016, and proceeded to play for the Yale Bulldogs men's squash team playing in the #1 seat all 4 years of his college career. He was a four-time First-Team All-American, winner of the Skillman Award for Sportsmanship in 2020, and named team captain his senior year.

Yale Bulldogs men's squash
The Yale Bulldogs men's squash team is the intercollegiate men's squash team for Yale University located in New Haven, Connecticut. The team competes in the Ivy League within the College Squash Association. It is the oldest squash program in the country, dating back to 1920. Since 1942, Yale has won 13 national titles, only after Harvard and Trinity. Currently at the helm since 2021 is head coach Lynn Leong.
Abisare
Abisare (Abī-sārê; died c. 1895 BC) was a ruler of the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa. He was an Amorite. The annals of his 11-year reign record that he smote the city of Isin in his 9th regnal year.

An inscribed clay cone of Abī-sārê read:

"For Nanna, his master, Abī-sārê, strong man, king of Ur, the city wall of Iškun-Sîn built and restored."

Isin
Isin (Sumerian: 𒉌𒋛𒅔𒆠, romanized: I3-si-inki, modern Arabic: إيشان بحريات Ishan al-Bahriyat) is an archaeological site in Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq which was the location of the Ancient Near East city of Isin, occupied from the late 4th millennium Uruk period up until at least the late 1st millennium BC Neo-Babylonian period. It lies about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of the modern city of Al Diwaniyah.

The tutelary deity of Isin, dating back to at least the Early Dynastic period, was the healing goddess Gula with a major temple (, E-gal-ma) sited there as well as smaller installations for the related gods of Ninisina and Sud.
Sugar (Claw Boys Claw album)
Suga(r), originally stylized as '$ugǝ[r]', is the sixth studio album by Dutch rock band Claw Boys Claw. It's their first album on EMI productions. Musically it sees the former garage band move toward what would be called "swamp rock".

It is the most successful album of their career, reaching no. 26 on 13 February 1993 on the Dutch album chart, staying on the chart for ten weeks. Of the three singles that came from the album, the first one, "Rosie", charted - the first time for a Claw Boys Claw single - and reached no. 22 on 30 January 1993. The CD was reissued in 2008, with two extra tracks; "Spread That Jam (remix)" and "The Keeper" which had earlier been released as a CD single.

Claw Boys Claw
Claw Boys Claw are a Dutch band, formed in Amsterdam. The core members of the band are Peter te Bos (vocals) and John Cameron (guitar). After some years of inactivity, the band started playing live again in 2007.

Claw Boys Claw never attained much commercial success, and a venture into the American market was unsuccessful.
Dominique Turpin
Dominique V. Turpin (born 12 January 1957) is a French and Swiss marketing scholar and academic administrator, currently serving as European President and Professor of Marketing at the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS). A professor in marketing strategy with a specialization in branding, he previously held the Dentsu Chair in Marketing and served as President, Dean, and Nestlé Professor at the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) in Switzerland between 2010 and 2016. Before joining IMD in 1986, Turpin worked in Japan as a representative of a French firm.

IMD Business School
IMD Business School (IMD) is an independent business school with a campus in Lausanne, Switzerland, and strategic hubs in Singapore, Shenzhen, China and Cape Town, South Africa.

IMD Business School is known for its Executive Education MBA, Executive MBA programs as well as its advisory work in helping leaders and policy-makers navigate complexity and change, and for its proximity to business and focus on real impact. In 2024, it named David Bach as its new president.
Battle of Invernahavon
The Battle of Invernahavon was a Scottish clan battle between the Clan Cameron and the confederation of Clan Chattan that consisted of the Clan Mackintosh, Clan Macpherson, and Clan Davidson amongst others. Some sources give the date as 1386, others as 1370.

Clan Chattan
Clan Chattan (Scottish Gaelic: Na Catanaich or Clann Chatain), also sometimes referred to as "Clan Dhugaill" (Quehele) after its progenitor Dougall-Dall, is a unique confederation of Highland clans. This distinctive allied community comprised at its greatest extent seventeen separate clans (currently twelve), who each had their own clan chief recognized under Scottish law, but were further united and bound to the superior chief of the Confederation for mutual solidarity, sustenance and protection in the Middle Ages and early modern period in the Great Glen and Cairngorms. A tribal coalition of this magnitude was a source of apprehension to both the Lord of the Isles and the Kings of Scots and records exist of machinations to "crying doon the Clan Chattan" by fomenting internal dissension.
Margaret Storrs Grierson
Margaret Storrs Grierson (June 29, 1900 – December 12, 1997) was an American archivist, philosophy professor, and the founder and first director of the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. In this capacity, she traveled extensively, in the United States and abroad, assembling manuscripts that document the history of women.

Smith College Archives
Smith College is a private, independent women's liberal arts college with coed graduate and certificate programs, located in Northampton, Massachusetts, United States. The Smith College Archives document the life of the College by collecting materials created by students, faculty, administrative and departmental staff during the course of their time here. The records in the College Archives can provide researchers with answers to specific questions or help them to understand broad social and cultural issues. The collections contain materials derived from:

administrative records

biographical records

academic life

student life

buildings and grounds

audiovisual materials

The collection spans nearly 20,000 linear feet and is one of the contributing collections to "The History of Women’s Education Open Access Portal Project" funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Masaki Kobayashi filmography
Masaki Kobayashi was a Japanese film director, screenwriter and producer who has directed twenty films in a career spanning 33 years. He is best known for The Human Condition Trilogy, the Academy Award–nominated horror film Kwaidan and the jidaigeki films Harakiri and Samurai Rebellion.

Masaki Kobayashi
Masaki Kobayashi (小林 正樹, Kobayashi Masaki; February 14, 1916 – October 4, 1996) was a Japanese filmmaker. He is best remembered for directing the epic war trilogy The Human Condition (1959–1961), the samurai films Harakiri (1962) and Samurai Rebellion (1967), and the horror anthology epic Kwaidan (1964). Senses of Cinema described him as "one of the finest depicters of Japanese society in the 1950s and 1960s." Although victim to being overshadowed by other Japanese filmmakers like Akira Kurosawa and Yasujirō Ozu in his lifetime, his work has gained wider traction in the 21st century with Harakiri and The Human Condition III: A Soldier’s Prayer being the two highest rated films on reviewing website Letterboxd.
Buffalo Narrows
Buffalo Narrows (Plains Cree: ᒧᐢᑐᓱ ᐘᐹᓯᕽ, romanized: mostoso-wapâsihk) is a northern village in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is a community of 1,110 people. Located at the "Narrows" between Peter Pond Lake and Churchill Lake, tourism and resource extraction (logging, fishing) are its main economic activities.

Kisis Channel
Kisis Channel, also known as Buffalo Narrows channel and the Narrows, is a strait in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan that connects Peter Pond Lake to Churchill Lake in the Churchill River drainage basin. The channel is in the Boreal Shield Ecozone with a surrounding landscape of boreal forest. The channel was used by Indigenous hunters as a bottleneck when hunting wood buffalo and was an important point on early fur trade and exploration routes. It runs through the community of Buffalo Narrows and is crossed by Highway 155.
A Taxing Woman
A Taxing Woman (マルサの女, Marusa no onna) is a 1987 Japanese film written and directed by Juzo Itami. It won numerous awards, including six major Japanese Academy awards. The title character of the film, played by Nobuko Miyamoto, is a tax investigator for the Japanese National Tax Agency who employs various techniques to catch tax evaders.

Itami took inspiration for the movie after entering a higher tax bracket following the success of his first film, The Funeral.

A sequel, A Taxing Woman's Return, featuring some of the same characters but darker in tone, was released in 1988.

Juzo Itami
Juzo Itami (伊丹 十三, Itami Jūzō), born Yoshihiro Ikeuchi (池内 義弘, Ikeuchi Yoshihiro; May 15, 1933 – December 20, 1997), was a Japanese actor, screenwriter and film director. He directed eleven films (one short and ten features), all of which he wrote himself.

He is the namesake of the Juzo Itami Award, founded in 2009 to honor his legacy.
Theodor Pištěk (actor)
Theodor Pištěk (13 June 1895 – 5 August 1960) was a Czech actor and film director. He appeared in more than 230 films between 1921 and 1959. He is the father of the painter and costume designer Theodor Pištěk.

Theodor Pištěk (artist)
Theodor Pištěk (25 October 1932 – 3 December 2025) was a Czech painter, costume designer, set designer, and racing driver. His costume designs and film sets are internationally acclaimed. He won an Oscar for his costumes for Amadeus, directed by Miloš Forman. For Forman's next film, Valmont, Pištěk won a César Award and was nominated for a second Oscar. In 2003, he received the Czech Lion Award for Unique Contribution to Czech Film, in 2013, he was awarded the Crystal Globe for Outstanding Artistic Contribution to World Cinema, and in 2017, he received the Golden Slipper for Outstanding Contribution to Films for Children and Young People.
Otto Ozols
Otto Ozols (Jūrmala, 23 August 1970), pen name of Mārtiņš Barkovskis, is a Latvian columnist, writer and social activist. Ozols’ first book, the novel "Latvieši ir visur" ("Latvians are Everywhere") became a bestseller in 2011, having gone through 11 reprints since then. The book has been translated into Swedish as "Letternas Revansch" and into Russian as "Они повсюду". He has written two more books, "Theodorus. Deja ar ziloņzivi" ("Theodorus. Dancing with the Elephant Fish"), published in 2014 and described as "Europe's answer to Britain's James Bond and America's Jason Bourne", and "Neērtās patiesības" (Uncomfortable truths), a collection of Ozols’ opinion pieces and articles on Latvian politics, published in 2015. Otto Ozols is also an actively engaged author of political essays and political analysis, and for several years he was a regular columnist for the largest news portals of Latvia, TVNET, DELFI and LA.lv.

Jūrmala
Jūrmala (Latvian: [ˈjuːrmala] ⓘ; "seaside") is a state city in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, about 25 kilometres (16 miles) west of Riga. Jūrmala is a resort town stretching 32 km (20 miles) and is sandwiched between the Gulf of Riga and the Lielupe River. It has a 33 km (21 miles) stretch of white-sand beach and is the fifth-largest city in Latvia.

While Latvia was under Soviet occupation, Jūrmala was a favorite holiday-resort and tourist destination for high-level Communist Party officials, particularly Leonid Brezhnev and Nikita Khrushchev. Although many amenities such as beach-houses and concrete hotels remain, some have fallen into disrepair. Jūrmala remains a tourist attraction with long beaches facing the Gulf of Riga and romantic wooden houses in the Art Nouveau style.