hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Challenge by La Vuelta
The 2022 Ceratizit Challenge by La Vuelta is a women's road cycling stage race that was held in Spain from 7 to 11 September 2022. It was the eighth edition of the Ceratizit Challenge by La Vuelta and was the twenty-second event on the 2022 UCI Women's World Tour calendar. As with previous editions, the final day of the race coincided with the final day of the men's race.

La Vuelta Femenina
La Vuelta Femenina (Spanish: [la ˈβwelta femeˈnina]; "The Female Tour") is an elite women's professional bicycle race held in Spain. The race is organised by Unipublic and Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), which also organises the men's Vuelta a España. It is part of the UCI Women's World Tour.

Some teams and media have referred to the race as a 'Grand Tour', as it is one of the biggest events on the women's calendar. However, the race does not meet the UCI definition of such an event.

La Vuelta Femenina replaces the Challenge by La Vuelta stage race (previously one day race) run between 2015 and 2022, staged at the same time as the men's tour.
Lev Shubnikov
Lev Vasilyevich Shubnikov (Russian: Лев Васи́льевич Шу́бников, Ukrainian: Лев Васильович Шубников; 29 September 1901 – 10 November 1937) was a Soviet experimental physicist who worked in the Netherlands and USSR. He has been referred as 'the founding father of Soviet low-temperature physics'. He is known for the discovery of the Shubnikov–de Haas effect and type-II superconductivity. He also one of the first to discover antiferromagnetism.

In 1937, he was executed during the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute Affair on the basis of falsified charges as part of the Great Purge.

Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology
The National Science Center Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) (Ukrainian: Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут»), formerly the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute (UPTI) is the oldest and largest physical science research centre in Ukraine. Today it is known as a science center as it consists of several institutes that are part of the Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology science complex.
Tethered balloon
A tethered, moored or captive balloon is a balloon that is restrained by one or more tethers attached to the ground so it cannot float freely. The base of the tether is wound around the drum of a winch, which may be fixed or mounted on a vehicle, and is used to raise and lower the balloon.

A balloon is a form of aerostat, along with the powered free-flying airship, although the American GAO has used the term "aerostat" to describe a tethered balloon in contrast to the powered airship.

Tethered balloons have been used for advertising, recreation, observation, and civil or military uses.

Barrage balloon
A  barrage balloon is a type of airborne barrage, a large uncrewed tethered balloon used to defend ground targets against aircraft attack, by raising aloft steel cables which pose a severe risk of collision with hostile aircraft, making the attacker's approach difficult and hazardous. Early barrage balloons were often spherical. The kite balloon, having a shape and cable bridling that stabilizes the balloon and reduces drag, could be operated at higher wind speeds than a spherical balloon. Some examples carried small explosive charges that would be pulled up against the aircraft to ensure its destruction. Barrage balloons are not practical at higher altitudes due in large part to the cable's weight.
Epacromius
Epacromius is a genus of Palaearctic grasshoppers, typical of the tribe Epacromiini, erected by Boris Uvarov in 1942.  The recorded distribution of species is France and Spain in western Europe through temperate Asia to Japan (but locality records may be incomplete).

Bandwing
Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.  Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust

Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust

Locustana pardalina the brown locust

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.
Nar Phu
Nar Phu Valley is located in Nepal, south of Tibet border and north of main Annapurna Circuit. The valley starts at an elevation of 3000 meters and ranges up to 7,140 meters. Most of the valley consists of barren and rugged topography, similar to Upper Mustang region of Nepal. It is home to many popular mountains including Kang Guru, Pisang Peak, Himlung, Nemjung and Gyaji Kyang. The most notable geographical feature of the valley is its brown rocky towering hills above 5000 meters, including Chhomchomo hill and Yongmoso hill.

Nar, Nepal
Nar (Nepali: नार) is a village located in the Narpa Bhumi Rural Muncipality, Manang District, Gandaki, Nepal. It is popularly recognized as a prominent part of Nar Phu Valley. The villagers claim that they have been living in the harsh environment of the Himalayas for at least thousand years.  In the 2021 Nepal census, the village had 126 households, with average household size of 3.14.
Danielle Bradbery
Danielle Simone Bradbery (born July 23, 1996) is an American country pop singer. She won season 4 of NBC's The Voice in 2013, becoming the youngest artist to win the competition at age 16.  Since then, she has released three albums and multiple singles.

Bradbery's debut studio album, Danielle Bradbery, was released on November 25, 2013. Her second album, I Don't Believe We've Met, was released on December 1, 2017. A collection of songs, In Between: The Collection, was released on March 4, 2022. Bradbery's third album, Danielle, was released on September 6, 2024.

Big Machine Records
Big Machine Records is an American record label, distributed by Universal Music Group. Big Machine is based on Music Row in Nashville, Tennessee. The label was founded in September 2005 by former DreamWorks Records executive Scott Borchetta and became a joint venture between Borchetta and country singer Toby Keith. The American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift was the first artist signed by the label. The purchase of Big Machine Records by Scooter Braun in 2019 resulted in a highly publicized dispute with Swift regarding the ownership of the masters to the albums.
Deubré
Dubraé is a generic term, originating at Nike, Inc. and dating from the mid 1990s, for an ornamental shoelace tag, most commonly seen on sneakers.  Typically, a dubraé will have two holes through which a shoelace is threaded, like a bead on string. When the shoe is laced, the dubraé is centered between the first two eyelets (closest to the toe), with the shoelace passing through and behind the dubraé.

A dubraé is typically made of metal, plastic, or leather, and may often be decorated with text or a commercial logo.  It is distinguished from a bead in that it is non-tubular; it has two points of entry/exit for the shoelace, as a belt or webbing may pass through a buckle.  Although primarily decorative in purpose, one could argue a dubraé is also functional in that once threaded to the midpoint of a shoelace, it assists in centering the shoelace in the shoe, although few dubraé and shoelace combinations will necessarily provide enough friction to hold the dubraé in place while lacing.

Shoelaces
Shoelaces, also called shoestrings (US English) or bootlaces (UK English), are a system commonly used to secure shoes, boots, and other footwear. They typically consist of a pair of strings or cords, one for each shoe, finished off at both ends with stiff sections, known as aglets. Each shoelace typically passes through a series of holes, eyelets, loops or hooks on either side of the shoe. Loosening the lacing allows the shoe to open wide enough for the foot to be inserted or removed. Tightening the lacing and tying off the ends secures the foot firmly within the shoe. The laces can be tied in different shapes, most commonly a simple bow.
Hafiz Mustafa 1864
Hafiz Mustafa 1864 is a Turkish purveyor of sweets and delicacies which originated and is still headquartered in Istanbul.

It was founded in 1864 by Hadji İsmail Hakkı Bey during the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz at shop number 86 on the viaduct which today is known as Hamidiye street in the Fatih district of Istanbul. Hakki Bey began by producing Rock candy. The Hafiz Mustafa operation won 12 gold medals in confectionery in Europe between 1926 and 1938.

In the present it is run by the Ongurlar family who have owned it since 2007. Among their offerings are Turkish delights, baklavas, puddings, teas, and assorted sweets.

Currently the purveyor has over a dozen branches in Turkey, one at the Dubai Mall and one at the Mall of the Emirates in Dubai, and one in London, United Kingdom.

Fatih
Fatih (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈfaːtih]) or the Historical peninsula (in Turkish: Tarihi Yarımada),  is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 15 km2, and its population is 368,227 (2022). It is home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the mayor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the courthouse. It encompasses the historical peninsula, coinciding with old Constantinople. In 2009, the district of Eminönü, which had been a separate municipality located at the tip of the peninsula, was once again remerged into Fatih because of its small population. Fatih is bordered by the Golden Horn to the north and the Sea of Marmara to the south, while the Western border is demarked by the Theodosian wall and the east by the Bosphorus Strait.
Charlotte Häser
Charlotte Häser (24 June 1784 – 1 May 1871) was a German soprano.

Born in Leipzig, Häser was the daughter of composer Johann Georg Häser, under whom she studied; employed for a time in Dresden, in 1806 she traveled to Italy, where she was greatly successful. She was among the first female singers to perform en travesti. Upon retirement she settled in Rome, in which city she died. She was the sister of August Ferdinand Häser.

August Ferdinand Häser
August Ferdinand Häser (15 October 1779 - 1 November 1844) was a German composer.

Häser was born in Leipzig into a musical family; the son of composer Johann Georg Häser, his three brothers were musicians, as was his sister Charlotte. A pupil at the St. Thomas School, Leipzig, he next studied theology at the University of Leipzig. In 1797 he traveled to Lemgo to teach mathematics. From 1806 until 1813 he traveled in Italy, returning to Lemgo in the latter year. In 1817 he moved to Weimar, where he became the music teacher of Princess Augusta and the chorus director of the Hoftheater. During his career he was active as well as a church organist and a teacher of the Italian language. He died in Weimar. His compositions include a requiem mass.
Anyon
In physics, an anyon is a type of quasiparticle so far observed only in two-dimensional systems. In three-dimensional systems, only two kinds of elementary particles are seen: fermions and bosons. Anyons have statistical properties intermediate between fermions and bosons. In general, the operation of exchanging two identical particles, although it may cause a global phase shift, cannot affect observables. Anyons are generally classified as abelian or non-abelian. Abelian anyons, detected by two experiments in 2020, play a major role in the fractional quantum Hall effect.

Braid group
In mathematics, the braid group on n strands (denoted ), also known as the Artin braid group, is the group whose elements are equivalence classes of n-braids (e.g. under ambient isotopy), and whose group operation is composition of braids (see § Introduction). Example applications of braid groups include knot theory, where any knot may be represented as the closure of certain braids (a result known as Alexander's theorem); in mathematical physics where Artin's canonical presentation of the braid group corresponds to the Yang–Baxter equation (see § Basic properties); and in monodromy invariants of algebraic geometry.
Pidoplitchkoviella
Pidoplitchkoviella is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Pidoplitchkoviella terricola.

The genus name of Pidoplitchkoviella is in honour of Nikolai (Mykola) Makarovich Pidoplichko (*russ. Николай Макарович Пидопличко) (1904-1975), who was a Russian-Ukrainian botanist (Mycology), who taught at the Veterinary-Zoologolical Institute in Kiev.

The genus was circumscribed by T.S. Kirilenko in Mikrobiol. Zurn. vol.37 on page 603 in 1975.

Xylariaceae
The Xylariaceae are a family of mostly small ascomycetous fungi. It is one of the most commonly encountered groups of ascomycetes and is found throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. They are typically found on wood, seeds, fruits, or plant leaves, some even associated with insect nests. Most decay wood and many are plant pathogens.

One example of this family is King Alfred's Cake (Daldinia concentrica).

Phylogenetic analyses published in 2009 suggest that there are two main lineages in this family, Hypoxyloideae and Xylarioideae.
October Club (Oxford University)
The October Club is an independent communist organisation made up of students at University of Oxford, founded in December 1931.

Its stated aim is to 'be a political home for radical students at the university and channel enthusiasm into building a long-term base of student-worker-community power at Oxford'. Alongside communism, it also stresses its commitment to abolition, trans-liberatory feminism, and anti-imperialism.

Battle of Carfax
The Battle of Carfax (1936) was a violent skirmish in the city of Oxford between the British Union of Fascists (BUF) and local anti-fascists, trade unionists, and supporters of the Labour Party and the Communist Party of Great Britain. The battle took place inside Oxford's Carfax Assembly Rooms, a once popular meeting hall owned by Oxford City Council which was used for public events and located on Cornmarket Street.

Historians disagree on the exact details of the events that took place. Some historians argue that the fighting was sparked primarily by fascist violence against attendees, others credit attempts by local communists to disrupt fascist activities, or some combination of these two factors.
Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
Bernhard VII of Anhalt-Zerbst (17 March 1540 – 1 March 1570), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Zerbst.

He was born and died in Dessau, and was the third and youngest son of John V, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst by his wife Margaret, daughter of Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg.

John V, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
John V of Anhalt-Zerbst (Dessau, 4 September 1504 – Zerbst, 4 February 1551), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau. From 1544, he assumed rule of the re-created principality of Anhalt-Zerbst.

John was the second (but eldest surviving) son of Ernest I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, by his wife Margarete, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, and granddaughter of George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia.
United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper
United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper (MOS 0317, formerly 8541) was a secondary MOS (Military Occupational Specialty) designator of U.S. Marine Corps infantrymen and reconnaissance Marines that have graduated from a U.S. Marine Corps Scout Sniper School. Scout Snipers were required to earn the rank of Lance Corporal, be selected by their battalion to join the scout-sniper platoon, and complete an approved scout-sniper course in order to receive this designation. As of December 2023, Marine scout snipers (0317 MOS) have been reorganized as MOS 0322 Reconnaissance Sniper Marines, as part of a 26-Marine Scout Platoon.

STA platoon
STA platoons are the "Surveillance and Target Acquisition" platoons of the United States Marine Corps. They are assigned to the Headquarters and Service Company of a U.S. Marine rifle battalion and are the home of Marines working directly for the S-2 (Intelligence) that are specially trained at close range reconnaissance and information gathering for the battalion commander.
Old Burying Ground (Brookline, Massachusetts)
The Old Burying Ground, also known as Walnut Street Cemetery, was the first cemetery established in Brookline, Massachusetts, in 1717.  It was the town's only cemetery for 140 years until the establishment of the Holyhood Cemetery in 1857, and the Walnut Hills Cemetery in 1875. The cemetery is part of the Brookline Town Green Historic District.

The cemetery remains open to visitors but is no longer active, with the last burial occurring in 1995.

Brookline Town Green Historic District
The Brookline Town Green Historic District encompasses the historic colonial heart of the town of Brookline, Massachusetts.  Centered on a stretch of Walnut Street between Warren and Chestnut Streets, this area is where the town's first colonial meeting house and cemetery were laid out, and was its center of civic life until the early 19th century.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Power (statistics)
In frequentist statistics, power is the probability of detecting an effect (i.e. rejecting the null hypothesis) given that some prespecified effect actually exists using a given test in a given context. In typical use, it is a function of the specific test that is used (including the choice of test statistic and significance level), the sample size (more data tends to provide more power), and the effect size (effects or correlations that are large relative to the variability of the data tend to provide more power).

More formally, in the case of a simple hypothesis test with two hypotheses, the power of the test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis () when the alternative hypothesis () is true. It is commonly denoted by , where  is the probability of making a type II error (a false negative) conditional on there being a true effect or association.

Student's t-test
Student's t-test is a statistical test used to test whether the difference between the response of two groups is statistically significant or not. It is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t-distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of a scaling term in the test statistic were known (typically, the scaling term is unknown and is therefore a nuisance parameter). When the scaling term is estimated based on the data, the test statistic—under certain conditions—follows a Student's t distribution. The t-test's most common application is to test whether the means of two populations are significantly different. In many cases, a Z-test will yield very similar results to a t-test because the latter converges to the former as the size of the dataset increases.
Al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Rabi'a
Al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Rabi'a (583–624) was the son of Utba ibn Rabi'a and brother of Abu Hudhayfa ibn Utba and Hind bint Utba. Just like his father, Walid was opposed to Muhammad and Islam.

He was a fierce Meccan warrior who was killed by Ali ibn Abi Talib in the traditional 3 champions' combat duel on the day of the Battle of Badr before the full battle began. Walid, his father Utba, and his uncle Shayba were the three champions of the Meccan army who fought a duel against Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and Ubayda ibn al-Harith. In the combat duel, Walid was killed by Ali, Walid's father Utba was killed by Hamza, and then his uncle Shayba was killed by Ali.

Hind bint Utba
Hind bint Utba ibn Rabi'a (Arabic: هند بنت عتبة بن ربيعة, romanized: Hind bint ʿUtba ibn Rabīʿa) was an Arab commander, the wife of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and the mother of Mu'awiya I. Hind fought against the early Muslims and the prophet Muhammad until converting to Islam herself in 630 after the conquest of Mecca. She is highly praised by Sunni Muslim sources for her military role at the Battle of the Yarmuk under caliph Umar ibn Khattab.
Nogizaka46
Nogizaka46 (乃木坂46; Nogizaka Forty-six) is a Japanese female idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto, created as the "official rival" of the group AKB48. They are the first group from the Sakamichi Series, which also includes sister groups Sakurazaka46 (formerly Keyakizaka46), Yoshimotozaka46, and Hinatazaka46.

The group's musical catalogue includes forty singles and five compilation albums. Starting with their third single, each of Nogizaka46's single releases has reached the top position on the weekly Oricon chart. The group has also created radio shows, theater productions, television programs, and films, including NogiBingo!, Hatsumori Bemars, Nogizaka Under Construction, Asahinagu, and a series of documentary films about the group.

Nogizaka46 has twice won the Grand Prix at the annual Japan Record Awards, with consecutive wins for "Influencer" in 2017 and "Synchronicity" in 2018. The group has sold nearly 18 million CDs in Japan.

Nogizaka Kōjichū
Nogizaka Kōjichū (Japanese: 乃木坂工事中; transl.  Nogizaka Under Construction) is a Japanese variety television show, hosted by Bananaman and starring the girl group Nogizaka46. It was first aired on April 21, 2015. It is produced by TV Aichi and broadcast by member stations of the TV Tokyo Network.
Lloyd Elsmore Park
Lloyd Elsmore Park is an urban park in East Auckland, New Zealand. The park is one of the largest venues for sports clubs in the city, and is home to both the Lloyd Elsmore Park Pool and Leisure Centre and Howick Historical Village.

East Auckland
East Auckland  (Māori: Te Rāwhiti o Tāmaki Makaurau) is one of the major geographical regions of Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand. Settled in the 14th century, the area is part of the traditional lands of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki. The area was developed into farmland in the 1840s, and the town of Howick was established as a defensive outpost by fencibles (retired British Army soldiers) to protect Auckland. Coastal holiday communities developed in the area from the 1910s, and from the 1950s underwent major redevelopment into a suburban area of greater Auckland. From the 1980s, the area saw significant Asian New Zealander migrant communities develop.
2020 Monza Formula 3 round
The 2020 Monza FIA Formula 3 round is a motor racing event held on 5 and 6 September 2020 at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza in Monza, Italy. It was the penultimate round of the 2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship, and ran in support of the 2020 Italian Grand Prix.

With Frederik Vesti's win and Oscar Piastri finishing in third in the first race, Prema Racing prematurely secured the teams' championship back-to-back with three races to spare.

Alexander Smolyar
Alexander Alexandrovich Smolyar (Russian: Александр Александрович Смоляр; born 19 July 2001) is a Russian racing driver currently competing in the 2025 Russian Circuit Racing Series, driving for G-Drive SMP Racing. He previously competed in the FIA Formula 3 Championship in 2020, 2021 and 2022.