hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Merope (region)
In the 14th-century Balkans, Merope (Greek: Μερόπη, Bulgarian: Меропа, Meropa) was a subregion of Thrace in modern Northern Greece and southern Bulgaria.  The region lay in the western and middle part of the Rhodope Mountains.

The term is only found in the writings of Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos. Merope extended to the Nestos River in the west and to the town of Gratianopolis in the east. Bulgarian historian Plamen Pavlov defines Merope as encompassing the course of the Arda River up north until the Chepelare River and including the fortresses Sveta Irina ("Saint Irene") and Podvis.

In 1343, John VI Kantakouzenos granted Merope to Bulgarian brigand Momchil for his military assistance in the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347. After Momchil changed sides in the civil war and was ultimately defeated by Kantakouzenos in 1345, Merope returned to Byzantine sovereignty.

Momchil
Momchil (Bulgarian: Момчил, Greek: Μομ[ι]τζίλος or Μομιτζίλας, Serbian: Момчило / Momčilo; c. 1305 – 7 July 1345) was a 14th-century Bulgarian brigand   and local ruler. Initially a member of a bandit gang in the borderlands of Bulgaria, Byzantium and Serbia, Momchil was recruited by the Byzantines as a mercenary. Through his opportunistic involvement in the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, where he played the various sides against each other, he became ruler of a large area in the Rhodopes and western Thrace.

Momchil achieved initial successes against Turks and Byzantines alike, setting Turkish ships on fire and almost managing to kill one of his main opponents at the time, John VI Kantakouzenos. Despite this, he was defeated and killed by a joint Byzantine–Turkish army in 1345. Due to his opposition to the Turks, he is remembered in popular South Slavic legend as a fighter against the Turkish invasion of the Balkans.
Line 15 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 15 of the Shanghai Metro is a north-south metro line in the city of Shanghai that opened on 23 January 2021. The line begins at Gucun Park in Baoshan District at its northern end, and terminates at Zizhu Hi-tech Park in Minhang District at its southern end, via Shanghai West Railway Station and Shanghai South Railway Station. It will be 42.3 kilometres (26.3 mi) in length and have 30 stations. The line is one of Shanghai Metro's new batch of high capacity fully automated and driverless lines along with Lines 14 and 18. The line is colored ivory on system maps.

Line 18 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 18 is a north–south Shanghai Metro line running from South Changjiang Road station in the city's Baoshan District to Hangtou station in Pudong, with a length of 36.13 km (22.45 mi). The line was originally scheduled to open by the end of 2020. However, officials announced that only the initial segment of eight stations in Pudong started test runs in September 2020. The 14.5 km (9.0 mi) southern section opened for passenger operations on December 26, 2020. The remainder of the line was opened on 30 December 2021. The line is 44.8 km (27.8 mi) long with 31 stations. The line is one of Shanghai Metro's new batch of high capacity fully automated and driverless lines along with Lines 14 and 15. The line is colored tan on system maps.
What Are The Theosophists?
"What Are The Theosophists?" is an editorial published in October 1879 in the theosophical magazine The Theosophist. It was compiled by Helena Blavatsky and it was included the second volume of the Blavatsky Collected Writings.

The Theosophist
The Theosophist is the monthly journal of the international Theosophical Society based in Adyar, India. It was founded in India in 1879 by Helena Blavatsky, who was also its editor. The journal is still being published till date. For the year 1930, the journal was published in Hollywood, California by Annie Besant and Marie Russak Hotchener, but it returned to Adyar in 1931. The journal features articles about philosophy, art, literature and occultism.
1st Fighter Corps (Germany)
I. Jagdkorps (I. JK) (1st Fighter Corps) was formed 15 September 1943 in Zeist from the XII. Fliegerkorps and the Luftwaffenbefehlshaber Mitte, and later subordinated to the Luftflotte Reich. The Stab relocated to Brunswick-Querum in March 1944 and to Treuenbrietzen in October 1944. The unit was disbanded on 26 January 1945 and its obligations were taken over by IX.(J) Fliegerkorps.

12th Air Corps (Germany)
12th Air Corps (XII. Fliegerkorps) was formed 1 August 1941 in Zeist from the Stab of the 1. Nachtjagd-Division and was redesignated as I. Jagdkorps on 15 September 1943. The unit was subordinated to Luftwaffenbefehlshaber Mitte.
Retail foreign exchange trading
Retail foreign exchange trading is a small segment of the larger foreign exchange market where individuals speculate on the exchange rate between different currencies. This segment has developed with the advent of dedicated electronic trading platforms and the internet, which allows individuals to access the global currency markets. As of 2016, it was reported that retail foreign exchange trading represented 5.5% of the whole foreign exchange market ($282 billion in daily trading turnover).

Prior to the development of forex trading platforms in the late 1990s, forex trading was restricted to large financial institutions. It was the development of the internet, trading software, and forex brokers allowing trading on margin, that started the growth of retail trading. Today, traders are able to trade spot currencies with market makers on margin. This means they need to put down only a small percentage of the trade size and can buy and sell currencies in seconds.

Forex broker
A forex broker (also known as a retail foreign exchange broker or currency trading broker) is a financial services firm that provides traders with access to a transaction platform for buying and selling foreign currencies. Individual participants often lack the capital to trade directly on the interbank market; forex brokers act as intermediaries between these retail traders and the Interbank foreign exchange market.
Muddy York RFC
Muddy York RFC is  Toronto's only Inclusive rugby team and Canada's second Inclusive rugby team. The team was founded by Dave Galbraith in 2003, and is part of the TRU and IGR organizations.  Muddy York RFC is Toronto's first amateur gay team.

International Gay Rugby
International Gay Rugby (IGR), founded in 2000, formerly known as the International Gay Rugby Association and Board (IGRAB), is the umbrella organisation for the world's gay and inclusive rugby clubs. Based in London, UK, IGR is recognised by World Rugby as the representative organisation of the LGBT and inclusive rugby community, up to the point they both have signed a Memorandum of Understanding outlining a commitment between the two organisations to work together to educate and eliminate homophobia in rugby.

Also, IGR provides its member clubs with development support and resources in the areas of club organisation, recruitment, retention, fundraising, event management, and  regional and national union relations. IGR ensures the regular celebration of the Bingham Cup, the biennial world championships of gay and inclusive rugby, as well as the Union Cup, the European tournament and NORAM, the North American tournament.
Modjeska Canyon, California
Modjeska Canyon  is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) on the western slope of the Santa Ana Mountains in eastern Orange County, California. It is a suburban community of several hundred residents, with a small park and a volunteer fire station. The ZIP Code is 92676, and the community is inside area code 714.

The canyon is also the location of the Tucker Wildlife Sanctuary. Most of the canyon is bordered by the Cleveland National Forest. The community of Modjeska is very tight knit, hosting several in-canyon events, such as pot lucks, dance lessons, movie nights at the park, Fourth of July parades, as well as Christmas and Halloween parties. The parties are usually held in the Modjeska Community Center and the Fire Station. They also hold events for non-residents to come and enjoy, such as an arts and crafts fair held in early spring at the Tucker Wildlife Sanctuary.

Tucker Wildlife Sanctuary
Tucker Wildlife Sanctuary is a non-profit nature reserve owned and operated by the Environmental Nature Center (ENC). It is located at the Santa Ana Mountains in Orange County, California, in the United States near the end of Modjeska Canyon, at the foot of Modjeska Peak, and adjacent to the Cleveland National Forest. Tucker is open to the public Saturday and Sunday from 10am-3pm to enjoy and learn about the local wildlife and natural habitat in the Southern California canyon area. Tucker's facilities include a small natural history museum and interpretive center, a bird observation porch, relaxing patio and picnic areas, a small amphitheatre, hiking trails, a gift shop, restrooms and a visitor parking lot.
State Great Khural
The State Great Khural is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia, located in the Government Palace in the capital Ulaanbaatar. Elections to the State Great Khural are held every four years, the latest election was held in June 2024.

The State Great Khural currently consists of 126 seats, 78 of which were elected by multiple non-transferable vote in multi-member constituencies whilst the other 48 were elected by closed list proportional representation. Prior to the 2023 constitutional amendment, the State Great Khural was made up of 76 seats, all elected by plurality block voting.

After the ratification of the 1992 Constitution, which abolished the bicameral People's Great Khural and the State Baga Khural, a unicameral parliament was established and first convened on 20 July 1992.

Mongolian Green Party
The Mongolian Green Party (Mongolian: Монголын Ногоон Нам, Mongol'in Nogoon Nam, abbr. МНН or MGP) is a green party in Mongolia. It was founded in March 1990 and registered as a political party on 26 May 1990, becoming the first green party of Mongolia and Asia.
Fopp (EP)
Fopp is the second EP by the American rock band Soundgarden, released in August 1988 through Sub Pop Records. Fopp was later combined with the band's first EP, Screaming Life (1987), and released as the Screaming Life/Fopp compilation album in 1990.

Screaming Life/Fopp
Screaming Life/Fopp is a compilation album by the American rock band Soundgarden that combines their debut EPs in their entirety into a single release. It was originally released on May 30, 1990, through Sub Pop Records. Sub Pop later remastered and reissued the album on November 24, 2013.
Ancylostoma
Ancylostoma is a genus of nematodes that includes some species of hookworms.

Species include:

Ancylostoma braziliense, commonly infects cats, popularly known in Brazil as bicho-geográfico

Ancylostoma caninum, commonly infects dogs

Ancylostoma ceylanicum

Ancylostoma duodenale

Ancylostoma pluridentatum, commonly infects sylvatic cats

Ancylostoma tubaeforme, infects cats along with other hosts

Ancylostoma duodenale
Ancylostoma duodenale is a species of the roundworm genus Ancylostoma.  It is a parasitic nematode worm and commonly known as the Old-World hookworm.  It lives in the small intestine especially the jejunum of definitive hosts, generally humans,: 307–308  where it is able to mate and mature.  Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus are the two human hookworm species that are normally discussed together as the cause of hookworm infection. They are dioecious. Ancylostoma duodenale is abundant throughout the world, including Southern Europe, North Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia, some areas in the United States, the Caribbean, and South America.
Velsen-Noord
Velsen-Noord (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌvɛlzə ˈnoːrt]) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Velsen, and lies about 10 km north of Haarlem.

From 1865 on, when the construction on the North Sea Canal began, the town of Velsen, which originated in Roman times, was split in two parts. The northern part was known as Wijkeroog. Circa 1920, when municipality Beverwijk was planning to annex its surrounding villages, Velsen renamed Wijkeroog to Velsen-Noord (and Velsen itself to Velsen-Zuid) to indicate clearly that it was part of the municipality.

In 1918, the steel producer Koninklijke Hoogovens was established in Velsen-Noord along the North Sea Canal. Its blast furnaces have defined the landscape of this town since then. The Hoogovensmuseum was opened in 2009 by the Stichting Industrieel Erfgoed Hoogovens (SIEHO) in order to preserve the industrial heritage of this historic steel producing site.

Velsen
Velsen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvɛlzə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It is located on both sides of the North Sea Canal.

On the north side of the North Sea Canal there is a major steel plant, Tata Steel IJmuiden, formerly known as Koninklijke Hoogovens (the town of IJmuiden is actually located south of the canal). The headquarters of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Redding Maatschappij is located in IJmuiden.

The Kennemerstrand beach on the south side of the canal is at the end of the Kennemerboulevard, which runs south of the Seaport Marina.

To the south is the beach of Bloemendaal aan Zee. In between is a nude beach.
Parantaka I
Parantaka Chola I (Tamil: பராந்தக சோழன்; 873–955) was the Chola emperor from 907 until his death in 955. During his 48-year long reign, he annexed the Pandyas by defeating Rajasimhan II, and in the Deccan won the Battle of Vallala against Rashtrakutas in 911.

Krishna II
Krishna II or Akālavarṣa(r. 878–914 CE) ascended the Rashtrakuta throne after the demise of his illustrious father Amoghavarsha Nrupatunga. His queen was a Haihaya princess of Chedi called Mahadevi. From the chronology of inscriptions that mention the name of this emperor, it seems Krishna II may have started to rule even during the lifetime of his father. The fact that Amoghavarsha in his last years renounced the affairs of the state in dharmic pursuits supports this claim. The reign of emperor Krishna II saw significant advances in literature,  although in the affairs of expansion of the empire, his reign was mixed. During his reign he cultivated matrimonial alliance with Chedis to form military gain.
Shigakkan University
Shigakkan University (Japanese: 至学館大学, Hepburn: Shigakkan Daigaku) is a private university in Ōbu, Aichi, Japan.

Until the school renamed itself to Shigakkan in 2010, the school was known as Chukyo Women's University.  The school was founded in 1905.

Despite that the name contained the word "women," the school had accepted male students since 1998.

Ōbu
Ōbu (大府市, Ōbu-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 92,179 in 39,382 households, and a population density of 2,739 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 33.66 square kilometres (13.00 sq mi). Ōbu has been a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC) since June 5, 2000.
Prasarana Malaysia
Prasarana Malaysia Berhad (Prasarana) (English: Malaysian Infrastructure Limited) is a government-owned company which was set up by Ministry of Finance (Malaysia) as a corporate body established under the Minister of Finance (Incorporation)  Act 1957 to own the assets of multi-modal public transport operator in Malaysia, under the government's move to restructure the city's public transport system. It is one of the largest public-transport companies in Malaysia other than Konsortium Transnasional Berhad. As a government-owned company since 1998, it operates stage bus and light metro services via several wholly owned subsidiaries.

Kajang line
The MRT Kajang Line, previously known as the MRT Sungai Buloh–Kajang Line, is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) line servicing the Klang Valley, Malaysia. It is the second fully automated and driverless rail system in the Klang Valley region after the LRT Kelana Jaya Line. Owned by MRT Corp and operated as part of the Rapid KL system by Rapid Rail, it forms part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System. The line is numbered 9 and coloured green on official transit maps.

It is one of three planned MRT rail lines under the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project by MRT Corp. Phase 1 operations between Sungai Buloh and Semantan commenced service on 16 December 2016. Phase 2 operations between Muzium Negara and Kajang was opened on 17 July 2017, as a free shuttle service, by former Malaysian Prime Minister, Najib Razak in a ceremony at the Tun Razak Exchange station. Full revenue service between Sungai Buloh and Kajang began the following day.
Lake Zoar
Lake Zoar is a reservoir on the Housatonic River in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It was formed by the completion of the Stevenson Dam, which flooded an area of Oxford and Stevenson named "Pleasantvale" or "Pleasant Vale". The towns of Monroe, Newtown, Oxford, and Southbury border Lake Zoar. The name Zoar originates from corner of Newtown and Monroe that once called itself Zoar after the Biblical city Zoara near the Dead Sea.

Monroe, Connecticut
Monroe is a town located in eastern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 18,825 at the 2020 census. Monroe is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region.

The town is largely considered a bedroom community of New York City, New Haven, Stamford and Bridgeport.

Monroe contains the villages of Stepney, Stevenson and Monroe Center.
Muhoho Kenyatta
Muhoho Kenyatta is a Kenyan national and a member of the Kenyatta family. He is a son of Kenya's first President Jomo Kenyatta. His 
older brother Uhuru Kenyatta is the former president and 4th President of Kenya. He was educated at St. Mary's School, Nairobi, and graduated with a Bachelor's of Arts in Political Science from Williams College in 1985.

Kenyatta family
The Kenyatta family is the family of Jomo Kenyatta, the first President of Kenya and a prominent leader in the country's independence. Born into the dominant Kikuyu culture, Kenyatta became its most famous interpreter of Kikuyu traditions through his book Facing Mount Kenya.

Jomo Kenyatta was born Kamau Wa Muigai at Ng'enda village, Gatundu Division, Kiambu to Muigai and Wambui. He was Kenya's first Prime Minister (1963–1964) and later its President (1964–1978). His date of birth, sometime in the early to mid 1890s, is unclear. In 1914, he was baptized a Christian and given the name John Peter which he changed to Johnstone. He again later changed his name to Jomo in 1938. He adopted the name of Jomo Kenyatta taking his first name from the Kikuyu word for "burning spear" and his last name from the masai word for the bead belt that he often wore.

His son, Uhuru Kenyatta, who he fathered late in life, served as the fourth President of Kenya from 2013–2022.
Heremoana Maamaatuaiahutapu
Heremoana Maamaatuaiahutapu is a French Polynesian civil servant, politician, and former Cabinet Minister. He is a member of Tapura Huiraatira. He is the son of politician Maco Tevane and the brother of TNTV director Mateata Maamaatuaiahutapu.

Maco Tevane
Maco Tevane, real name Marc Maamaatuaiahutapu (13 August 1937 – 21 August 2013) was a French Polynesian author, playwright, and politician who served as Minister of Culture in the government of Gaston Flosse in the 1990s. He was a defender of Polynesian culture and the Tahitian language and is considered the founding father of popular Tahitian theatre. He was the father of politician Heremoana Maamaatuaiahutapu  and TNTV director Mateata Maamaatuaiahutapu.
National Youth Festival (India)
The National Youth Festival in India is an annual gathering of youth with various competitive and collaborative activities. Celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary of youth icon Swami Vivekananda, it is organized by Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India in collaboration with one of the state governments. It is held in a different state each year during National Youth Week, 12–16 January every year.

Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports is a branch of the Government of India which administers the Department of Youth Affairs and the Department of Sports in India. Mansukh Mandaviya is the current Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports followed by his Deputy Raksha Khadse.

The ministry also gives the annual National Youth Awards, National Sports awards in various categories, including the Arjuna Award and Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna awards.
Inode pointer structure
The inode pointer structure is a structure adopted by the inode of a file in the Version 6 Unix file system, Version 7 Unix file system, and Unix File System (UFS) to list the addresses of a file's data blocks. It is also adopted by many related file systems, including the ext3 file system, popular with Linux users.

Inode
An inode (index node) is a data structure in a Unix-style file system that describes a file-system object such as a file or a directory. Each inode stores the attributes and disk block locations of the object's data. File-system object attributes may include metadata (times of last change, access, modification), as well as owner and permission data.

A directory is a list of inodes with their assigned names. The list includes an entry for itself, its parent, and each of its children.
Aldrichimica Acta
Aldrichimica Acta is a scientific journal published by Sigma-Aldrich. Established in 1968 in Milwaukee, Wi, Aldrichimica Acta publishes reviews in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, with each issue focusing on a special topic. The journal is open access. In 2015, the Acta was ranked #1 among journals in the field of organic chemistry by impact factor.

Alfred Bader
Alfred Robert Bader CBE (April 28, 1924 – December 23, 2018) was a Canadian chemist, businessman, philanthropist, and collector of fine art. He was considered by the Chemical & Engineering News poll of 1998 to be one of the "Top 75 Distinguished Contributors to the Chemical Enterprise" during C&EN's 75-year history.
Parkes, New South Wales
Parkes is a town in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the main settlement in the local government area of Parkes Shire. Parkes had a population of 9,832 at the 2021 census.

Parkes is part of the traditional lands of the Wiradjuri people, the largest language group in NSW with a country of more than 120,000 square kilometres.

Newell Highway
Newell Highway is a national highway in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. It provides the major road link between southeastern Queensland and Victoria via central NSW and as such carries large amounts of freight. At 1,058 kilometres (657 mi) in length, the Newell is the longest highway in NSW, and passes through fifteen local government areas.

The highway is named in honour of H. H. Newell, the first Commissioner for Main Roads in New South Wales (1932–1941). It is designated route A39 for its entire length.
Enovis
Enovis Corporation is a medical technology company with a focus in orthopedics. The company was founded by brothers Mitchell and Steven Rales as the Colfax Corporation in 1995. Enovis is headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware and is listed on the NYSE as ENOV. The company has over 5,000 employees operating at 12 sites around the world.

ESAB
ESAB, Elektriska Svetsnings-Aktiebolaget (English: Electric Welding Limited company), is an American-Swedish industrial company.

The ultimate parent company of ESAB is ESAB Corporation, a New York Stock Exchange listed (Ticker: ESAB) with its principal executive office in North Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.

ESAB products includes a fabrication technology arm, which includes welding, cutting, gas control, PPE, software, and robotic equipment and a separate gas control portfolio focused on healthcare, industrial, and specialty gas control solutions.