hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Formal methods
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. The use of formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical analysis can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.

Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.

Rigorous Approach to Industrial Software Engineering
Rigorous Approach to Industrial Software Engineering (RAISE) was developed as part of the European ESPRIT II LaCoS project in the 1990s, led by Dines Bjørner. It consists of a set of tools designed for a specification language (RSL) for software development. It is especially espoused by UNU-IIST in Macau, who run training courses on site and around the world, especially in developing countries.
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA Group F
UEFA Group F of the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification competition consists of six teams: Norway, Belgium, Poland, Albania, Kosovo, and Armenia. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 30 April 2021, with the teams seeded according to their coefficient ranking.

The group is played in home-and-away round-robin format between 16 September 2021 and 6 September 2022, with a pause for the Women's Euro 2022 in July. The group winners qualify for the final tournament, while the runners-up advance to the play-offs first round if they are one of the other six runners-up among all nine groups (not counting results against the sixth-placed team).

Armenia women's national football team
The Armenia women's national football team (Armenian: Հայաստանի ֆուտբոլի ազգային հավաքական) is the national football team of Armenia and is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia. The team played its first international match after the split of the Soviet Union. They play their home games at the Mika Stadium in Yerevan. The team's first match was on 10 May 2003 against Austria which they lost 11–0. The team has not qualified for a World Cup or a Women's Euro yet.
Ulysse (ballet)
Ulysse is a contemporary dance work by French choreographer Jean-Claude Gallotta, created in 1981 for eight dancers. It is considered one of Gallotta's most important works, and a cornerstone of the new French dance movement of the early 1980s. Faithful to his desire to revisit his works, Jean-Claude Gallotta has re-choreographed Ulysse on numerous occasions, offering four different versions to date in terms of performers, scenography and music: Ulysse (1981), Ulysse, re-création (1993), Les Variations d'Ulysse (1995) and Cher Ulysse (2007). Les Variations d'Ulysse, commissioned by the Paris Opera, entered the Paris Opera Ballet repertoire in 1995 under the direction of Brigitte Lefèvre.

Jean-Pierre Drouet
Jean-Pierre Drouet (born 30 October 1935) is a French multi-instrumentist percussionist and composer.

Born in Bordeaux, Drouet studied with René Leibowitz, Jean Barraqué and André Hodeir. In India, he deepened his knowledge of non-European instruments and music, such as the tabla and especially the tonbak (Persian drum) that he studied with Djamchid Chemirani.

He is remarkable especially for the eclecticism and quantity of his musical production, as a performer and as a composer.
Cacapon Inlet
Cacapon Inlet (66°10′S 101°0′E﻿ / ﻿66.167°S 101.000°E﻿ / -66.167; 101.000) is an inlet about 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide and 9 nautical miles (17 km) long, lying between Thomas Island and Fuller Island in the Highjump Archipelago. The inlet is bounded on the west by Edisto Ice Tongue and on the east by the coast of Antarctica. It was mapped from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in February 1947, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after USS Cacapon, a tanker in the Western Task Group of Operation Highjump, 1946–47.

Fuller Island
Fuller Island is an island in the Highjump Archipelago, 7 kilometres (4 nmi) long and 3 kilometres (1.5 nmi) wide, lying 4 kilometres (2 nmi) south of Thomas Island on the south side of Cacapon Inlet. In 1946, it was mapped from the air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for H.F. Fuller, an air crewman on the Operation Highjump seaplane commanded by D.E. Bunger which landed on this area in February 1947.
The Braid
The Braid, also known as Femme se coiffant, La Natte, or Girl Braiding Her Hair, is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir, created between 1886 and 1887 during his so-called dry or Ingres period.

Renoir traveled to Italy in 1881, where he viewed the masterpieces of Raphael.  He returned home, and by 1883, he began to think he had "exhausted Impressionism".  He started to use more detailed brushstrokes and pursued structure in his overall work, breaking with his previous style and returning to the Neoclassicism of painter Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres.

French painter Suzanne Valadon was the model for the woman in the painting, but her appearance was changed by Renoir to appear Italian.  Valadon was a model for many of Renoir's works, including Dance in the City (1883), Dance at Bougival (1883), Portrait of Suzanne Valadon (1885), and Suzanne Valadon (1885). The painting is held by the Museum Langmatt.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (/rɛnˈwɑːr/; French: [pjɛʁ oɡyst ʁənwaʁ]; 25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919) was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. It has been said that, as a celebrator of beauty and especially feminine sensuality, "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to Watteau."

He was the father of the actor Pierre Renoir (1885–1952), the filmmaker Jean Renoir (1894–1979) and the ceramic artist Claude Renoir (1901–1969). He was the grandfather of the filmmaker Claude Renoir (1913–1993), son of Pierre.
Daylight's End
Daylight's End is a 2016 American horror film directed by William Kaufman and written by Chad Law. It stars Johnny Strong as a drifter in post-apocalyptic Texas who agrees to help survivors, played by Lance Henriksen, Louis Mandylor, and Hakeem Kae-Kazim, escape to safety.  Mixed martial arts fighter Krzysztof Soszynski plays the leader of vampires that attempt to kill them.

Hakeem Kae-Kazim
Hakeem Kae-KazimListenⓘ /hɑːˈkiːm ˌkeɪ ˈkæzɪm/ (born 1 October 1962) is a Nigerian-British actor and producer. He portrayed Georges Rutaganda in the film Hotel Rwanda (2004) and won a SAFTA for his performance in the film Riding with Sugar (2020). He produced and starred in Man on Ground (2011), for which he received two Africa Movie Academy Award nominations.

On television, Kae-Kazim is known for his roles in the CBC miniseries Human Cargo (2004), the Starz series Black Sails (2014–2016), and the BBC series Troy: Fall of a City (2018).
Oakey Army Aviation Centre
Oakey Army Aviation Centre (IATA: OKY, ICAO: YBOK) is situated approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) from the town centre of Oakey in Queensland, Australia. It provides a training establishment for Australian Army Aviation, and also hosts the Republic of Singapore Air Force's "Cougar" 126 Squadron. The Defence name for the facility is Swartz Barracks, named for prominent politician, Army Aviation advocate, and ex-POW Sir Reginald Swartz.

127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
The 127 Squadron is a helicopter squadron of the Republic of Singapore Air Force. The squadron goes by the motto of "Strength, Courage, Swiftness", the motto is supported by the squadron motif, a white horse in full battle armour.
Mike Matusow
Michael Matusow (born April 30, 1968) is an American professional poker player residing in Henderson, Nevada. Matusow's nickname of "the Mouth" reflects his reputation for trash-talking at the poker table.

Matusow began playing poker seriously in the early 1990s, first while working as a poker dealer, then as a professional player. His successes include being a four-time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and the winner of the 2005 World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions.

World Series of Poker
The World Series of Poker (WSOP) is a series of poker tournaments held annually in Paradise, Nevada, and since 2004, sponsored by Caesars Entertainment. It dates its origins to 1970, when Benny Binion invited seven of the best-known poker players to the Horseshoe Casino for a single tournament, with a set start and stop time, and a winner determined by a secret ballot of the seven players.

As of 2020, the WSOP consists of 101 events, with most major poker variants featured. Events traditionally take place during one day or over several consecutive days during the series in June and July.

The 2024 WSOP was held at the Horseshoe and Paris Las Vegas, and saw record-breaking attendance for the Main Event tournament. In August 2024, Caesars Entertainment announced it had sold the WSOP brand to GGPoker operator NSUS Group for $500 million.
On My Shield
"On My Shield" is a single released by American metalcore band Converge. It was originally made available during the band's European tour in July 2010. The single was self-released by the band, though it was distributed by Converge's labels, Epitaph Records and Deathwish Inc. The physical release does not contain a label catalog number, however Deathwish lists the single as CONCULT01. The song was recorded and produced by guitarist Kurt Ballou at his own GodCity studio between the band's 2010 US and European tours in support of Axe to Fall.

Axe to Fall
Axe to Fall is the seventh studio album by American metalcore band Converge, released on October 19, 2009, by Epitaph Records. It is the band's most collaborative album, featuring a number of guest musicians, including members of Cave In and Genghis Tron and Steve Von Till of Neurosis, who performs lead vocals on the slow, Tom Waits-esque track "Cruel Bloom". The album was produced by guitarist Kurt Ballou, and the artwork was created by vocalist Jacob Bannon.

Axe to Fall peaked at number 74 on the Billboard 200, and was well received by critics, who generally described it as their most accessible work.
Villa Park High School
Villa Park High School (VPHS) is a four-year suburban public high school located in the city of Villa Park, California, United States. It was built in 1964 and is one of four comprehensive high schools in the Orange Unified School District. The campus serves students residing in Villa Park and portions of the cities of Orange and Anaheim.

Enrollment at VPHS (for the 2020–2021 school year) was 2,185 students. The ethnic breakdown of the student population was 10.4% Asian, 51.5% Hispanic, 0.8% African American and 32.1% white (non-Hispanic). The professional staff includes 88 teachers, six counselors, a library media specialist, a career adviser, an activities director, and three administrators. A dedicated classified staff also supports the school program.

The school Academic Performance Index (API) for the 2011–2012 school year was 815, a six-point increase over the previous year.

Orange, California
Orange is a city located in northern Orange County, California, United States. It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the county seat, Santa Ana. Orange is unusual in this region because many of the homes in its Old Town District were built before 1920. While many other cities in the region demolished such houses in the 1960s, Orange decided to preserve them. The small city of Villa Park is surrounded by the city of Orange. The population of Orange was 139,911 as of 2020.
Cognitive therapy
Cognitive therapy (CT) is a kind of psychotherapy that treats problematic behaviors and distressing emotional responses by identifying and correcting unhelpful and inaccurate patterns of thinking. This involves the individual working with the therapist to develop skills for testing and changing beliefs, identifying distorted thinking, relating to others in different ways, and changing behaviors.

Cognitive therapy is based on the cognitive model (which states that thoughts, feelings, and behavior are connected), with substantial influence from the heuristics and biases research program of the 1970s, which found a wide variety of cognitive biases and distortions that can contribute to mental illness.

Rational emotive behavior therapy
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), previously called rational therapy and rational emotive therapy, is an active-directive, philosophically and empirically based psychotherapy, the aim of which is to resolve emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and to help people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives.

REBT posits that people have erroneous beliefs about situations they are involved in, and that these beliefs cause disturbance, but can be disputed and changed.
Mercedario
Cerro Mercedario is the highest peak of the Cordillera de la Ramada range and the eighth-highest mountain of the Andes. It is located 100 km to the north of Aconcagua, in the Argentine province of San Juan.

San Juan Province, Argentina
San Juan Province (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ ˈxwan]) is a province of Argentina, located in the western part of the country. Neighbouring provinces are, moving clockwise from the north, La Rioja, San Luis and Mendoza. It borders with Chile to the west.

The province has an area of 89,651 km2, covering a mountainous region with scarce vegetation, fertile oases and turbulent rivers. Throughout the province there are a number of paleontological sites.

Similar to other regions in Argentina, agriculture is one of the most important economic activities, highlighting wine production and olive oil. Additionally, a variety of fruits and vegetables are produced in the fertile valleys irrigated by artificial channels in the western part, close to the Andes mountain range. This is the second province in terms of the volume of wine production at the national level and in South America, and possesses outstanding varietal wines. It is also an important center of mining and oil production.
Hash, Marihuana & Hemp Museum
The Hash, Marihuana & Hemp Museum is a museum located in De Wallen, Amsterdam, Netherlands. According to the museum, more than two million visitors have visited the exhibition since it opened in 1985. Dedicated to cannabis and its many uses, the museum offers visitors information about the historical and modern uses of cannabis for medicinal, spiritual and cultural purposes. The museum also focuses on how hemp can be used for agricultural and industrial purposes, even including clothing accessories and cosmetic products made from hemp fiber. In 2012 the museum opened a second location in Barcelona, the Hash Marihuana Cáñamo & Hemp Museum.

The Hash, Marihuana & Hemp Museum is located at Oudezijds Achterburgwal 148, open daily, and costs €9 ($11.50) per adult (children under 13 are free when accompanied by an adult).

De Wallen
De Wallen (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈʋɑlə(n)]) is the largest and best known red-light district in Amsterdam. It consists of a network of alleys containing approximately 300 one-room cabins rented by prostitutes who offer their sexual services from behind a window or glass door, typically illuminated with red lights and blacklight. Window prostitution is the most visible and typical kind of red-light district sex work in Amsterdam.

De Wallen, together with prostitution areas Singelgebied and Ruysdaelkade, form the Rosse Buurt (red-light areas) of Amsterdam. Of these, De Wallen is the oldest and largest area. It is one of the city's major tourist attractions. Thursday through Sunday access to De Wallen is restricted at 1:00 am, with bars and restaurants closing at 2:00 am and brothels at 3:00 am.

The area also has a number of sex shops, sex theatres, peep shows, a sex museum, a cannabis museum, and a number of coffeeshops that sell cannabis.
Trzebiec, Gmina Białogard
Trzebiec [ˈtʂɛbjɛt͡s] (German Neuhof) is a former settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Białogard, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Białogard and 101 km (63 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Białogard
Gmina Białogard is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Białogard, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 327.93 square kilometres (126.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,758.
Mazda MX-5 (NA)
The Mazda MX-5 (NA) (sold in Japan as the Eunos Roadster (ユーノス・ロードスター, Yūnosu Rōdosutā) and in North America as the Mazda MX-5 Miata) is the first generation of the Mazda MX-5, manufactured from 1989 to 1997. Inspired by the post-war era British sports cars, the MX-5 rejuvenated interest in roadsters after the demise of cars such as the MG B, Triumph Spitfire, and Fiat 124 Spider.

Since its debut, the MX-5 has won numerous automotive awards and has become the world's best selling sports car.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
EToro
eToro Group Ltd. is an Israeli multi-asset investment and social trading company focused on providing financial services. eToro was founded in 2007 in Tel Aviv by Yoni Assia, Ronen Assia, and David Ring. The company's headquarters are located in Central Israel, with global offices in Cyprus, United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Germany and UAE. At the beginning of 2025, the company filed for Nasdaq (U.S.) listing and went public on 14 May. In May 2025, eToro had 40 million registered users, and over 3.63 million funded accounts. In 2025, the company valuation was $5.64 billion.

Social trading
Social trading is a form of investing that allows investors to observe the trading behavior of their peers and expert traders. The primary objective is to follow their investment strategies using copy trading or mirror trading. Social trading requires little or no knowledge about financial markets.
Lakefield Chiefs
The Lakefield Chiefs are a Canadian Junior ice hockey team based in Lakefield, Ontario, Canada.  They played in the Central Ontario Junior C Hockey League of the Ontario Hockey Association until the 2016–17 season when this league became the Orr Division of the Provincial Junior Hockey League

Clarence Schmalz Cup
The Clarence Schmalz Cup is the Ontario Hockey Association's Junior "C" ice hockey championship and championship trophy. The champions of the Provincial Junior Hockey League (PJHL) are awarded the Cup.  The PJHL was formed in 2016 from the former 8 provincial leagues that previously competed in a tournament, commonly called the All-Ontario Championships, to determine the winner of the Cup.
Hyo-sei
Kumiko Yokote (横手 久美子, Yokote Kumiko, born April 21, 1973 in Chiba) is a Japanese voice actress and singer who works for Power Rise under the alias Hyo-sei (氷青, Hyōsei). For adult works, she goes by the name Elena Kaibara (海原 エレナ, Kaibara Erena). Hyo-sei released her first album titled Fuyu Hanabi (冬花火) on April 21, 2010.

Yoake Mae yori Ruriiro na
Yoake Mae yori Ruriiro na (夜明け前より瑠璃色な; lit. A Brighter Blue Than That Before the Dawn), also known as Crescent Love, is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by August and first released on September 22, 2005, for Windows. It was later ported to the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. A manga illustrated by Hoehoe Nōmiso was serialized in Dengeki Daioh between the November 2005 and May 2007 issues. A 12-episode anime adaptation titled Yoake Mae yori Ruriiro na: Crescent Love aired in Japan between October and December 2006. The anime is licensed by Sentai Filmworks in North America and was released on June 1, 2010.
Cool Yule (song)
"Cool Yule" is a 1953 Christmas song written by Steve Allen and introduced by Louis Armstrong.

It was covered by Roseanna Vitro in 1986 on her album The Time of My Life: Roseanna Vitro Sings the Songs of Steve Allen (released 1999), by Bette Midler in 2006 for her album Cool Yule, and by The Brian Setzer Orchestra on their 2005 album Dig That Crazy Christmas.

Dig That Crazy Christmas
Dig That Crazy Christmas is the second Christmas album by The Brian Setzer Orchestra. Released in 2005 on Surfdog Records, it is a collection of holiday songs performed in big band swing style. Although most of the songs have been previously recorded by other artists, it includes two originals written by Setzer. This album follows up his 2002 Christmas release, Boogie Woogie Christmas.
Basit Bilal Koshul
Dr. Basit Bilal Koshul is a Pakistani sociologist, and a member of the Rehmatul-lil-Alameen Authority. Bilal Koshal is a professor at Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). His areas of interest include the relationship between religion and modernity, the philosophy of science, the philosophy of religion, the sociology of culture, and the competition between modern Islam and the West. He is particularly interested in combining the ideas of Muhammad Iqbal, Charles Peirce and Max Weber.

He received his first PhD in Religion Sociology from Drew University in 2003. After teaching at Concordia College for four years, he began in 2006 at the LUMS School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law. He completed his second PhD in 2011 from the University of Virginia.

Concordia College (Moorhead, Minnesota)
Concordia College is a private liberal arts college in Moorhead, Minnesota, United States. Founded by Norwegian settlers in 1891, the school is associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and is unrelated to the Concordia University System operated by the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod. Concordia is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and has a total student enrollment of 1,800. It offers Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Master of Education, and Master of Science, and Master of Music Education degrees.

Since Concordia was founded, it has articulated a Christian and global curriculum. Students are required to take courses in health, communication, religion, and culture. The college maintains athletic teams in 22 sports and carries 20 music ensembles, including The Concordia Orchestra, The Concordia Band, and The Concordia Choir.
Flowers of Shanghai
Flowers of Shanghai is a 1998 drama film directed by Hou Hsiao-hsien. It is based on the novel The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (1892) by Han Bangqing, which was originally written in the Wu language (吳語) and translated into Mandarin Chinese by Eileen Chang.

The film stars Tony Leung as a wealthy patron and Michiko Hada, Annie Shizuka Inoh, Shuan Fang, Jack Kao, Carina Lau, Rebecca Pan, Michelle Reis and Vicky Wei as "flower girls" in four high-end Shanghai brothels. It was voted the third best film of the 1990s in the Village Voice Film Poll conducted in 1999.

The film had its world premiere at the main competition of the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Palme d'Or. It was selected as the Taiwanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.

Carina Lau
Carina Lau Kar-ling (Chinese: 劉嘉玲; Jyutping: Lau4 Gaa1-ling4; born 8 December 1965) is a Hong Kong actress and singer. She started her acting career at TVB, before achieving success with her girl-next-door roles in the 1980s' Hong Kong films. She is known for her role as Empress Wu Zetian in Tsui Hark's Detective Dee film series. Lau's accolades include Best Actress awards at the Nantes Three Continents Festival for Days of Being Wild (1990), at the Golden Rooster Awards for Curiosity Kills the Cat (2006), and at the Hong Kong Film Awards for Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame (2010).