hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qarinvand dynasty
The Qarinvand dynasty (also spelled Karenvand and Qarenvand), or simply the Karenids, was an Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan (Mazandaran) in northern Iran from the 550s until the 11th century. They considered themselves as the inheritors of the Dabuyid dynasty, and were known by their titles of Gilgilan and Ispahbadh. They were descended from Sukhra, a Parthian nobleman from the House of Karen, who was the de facto ruler of the Sasanian Empire from 484 to 493. The Qarinvand dynasty is also considered to be one of the last Zoroastrian dynasties before the rise of the Islamic Iranian dynasties

Amol
Amol (Persian: آمل [ɒˈmol]; pronunciationⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Amol County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Amol is located on the Haraz River bank. It is situated less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Caspian Sea and less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the Alborz mountains. It is 124 kilometres (77 mi) northeast of Tehran, and  60 kilometres (37 mi) west of the provincial capital, Sari. It is one of the oldest cities in Iran, and a historic city, with its foundation dating back to the Amardi tribe, who inhabited the region in the Iron Age. Amol is the center of industry and culture of Mazandaran, the rice capital of Iran, and one of the most important cities of the transportation, agriculture, and tourism industries in Iran. It is known as the History, Science and Philosophy city, City that does not die and Hezar Sangar city.
Mdewakanton
The Mdewakanton or Mdewakantonwan (also spelled Mdewákhaŋthuŋwaŋ and currently pronounced Bdewákhaŋthuŋwaŋ) are one of the sub-tribes of the Isanti (Santee) Dakota (Sioux).  Their historic home is Mille Lacs Lake (Dakota: Mde Wákhaŋ/Bde Wákhaŋ, Spirit/Mystic Lake) in central Minnesota.  Together with the Wahpekute (Waȟpékhute – "Shooters Among the Trees"), they form the so-called Upper Council of the Dakota or Santee Sioux (Isáŋyáthi – "Knife Makers"). Today their descendants are members of federally recognized tribes in Minnesota, South Dakota and Nebraska of the United States, and First Nations in Manitoba, Canada.

Shakopee I
The chief usually referred to today as Shakopee I was known to American explorers and Indian agents as the third-highest ranking leader of the Mdewakanton Dakota, after Chief Wabasha II and Chief Little Crow I. He was the chief of a band of Mdewakanton Sioux called the Taoapa and they had the largest village on the Minnesota River, located in the 1820s on the river's north bank, later moved to the south bank in present-day Shakopee.

According to a popular narrative by Charlotte Van Cleve, Shakopee (or Old Shakopee's son, "Little Six") was executed in 1827 while running a gauntlet at Fort Snelling, as punishment for an attack on the Ojibwe. However, Van Cleve was eight years old at the time, and her version of events has not been confirmed by historians, nor by other eyewitness accounts.
Oberbauenstock
The Oberbauenstock is a mountain of the Urner Alps, overlooking Lake Lucerne in Central Switzerland. Its 2,117-metre-high (6,946 ft) summit is located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Uri.

Lake Lucerne
Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstättersee, literally 'Lake of the four forested settlements' (in English usually translated as forest cantons); French: lac des Quatre-Cantons; Italian: lago dei Quattro Cantoni) is a lake in central Switzerland and the fourth largest in the country.
Legion of Doom
The Legion of Doom is a group of supervillains who originated in Challenge of the Superfriends, an animated series from Hanna-Barbera based on DC Comics' Justice League. The Legion of Doom has since been incorporated into the main DC Universe, appearing in comics, as well as further animated and live-action adaptations, and also video games.

Sinestro
Thaal Sinestro (/sɪˈnɛstroʊ/) (or simply Sinestro) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, particularly those featuring Green Lantern. Created by John Broome and Gil Kane, Sinestro is a former Green Lantern Corps member who was dishonorably discharged for abusing his power. He has since endured as the archenemy of the superhero Green Lantern and is the founder of the Sinestro Corps.

Sinestro has appeared in various forms of non-comics media including shows, films, and video games. Ted Levine, Miguel Ferrer, Xander Berkeley, Ron Perlman, Victor Garber, Jason Isaacs, and others have voiced the character in animated television series and films. The character made his live-action debut in the 2011 film Green Lantern, played by Mark Strong, and will be portrayed by Ulrich Thomsen in the DC Universe, beginning with the series Lanterns.
Bath, New Hampshire
Bath is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,077 at the 2020 census, unchanged from the 2010 census. Now a tourist destination and commuter town for Littleton, the town is noted for its historic architecture, including the Brick Store and three covered bridges. Bath includes the village of Swiftwater and part of the district known as Mountain Lakes.

The town was granted in 1761, by Governor Benning Wentworth, who named it for the politician William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath. It was first settled in 1765 by John Herriman from Haverhill, Massachusetts. But the terms of the original grant were unfulfilled, so Bath was regranted on March 29, 1769, by Governor John Wentworth. The first census, taken in 1790, recorded 493 residents.

Mountain Lakes, New Hampshire
Mountain Lakes is a census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Haverhill and Bath in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. It had a population of 504 at the 2020 census.

The Haverhill portion of the community is an independent incorporated district, with its own water system, planning board, and recreation program, and is guided by a three-member elected board of commissioners and annual district meeting.
Anatoli Papanov
Anatoli Dmitriyevich Papanov (Russian: Анатолий Дмитриевич Папанов, romanized: Anatoliy Dmitriyevich Papanov; 31 October 1922 – 5 August 1987) was a Soviet and Russian actor, drama teacher, and theatre director at the Moscow Satire Theatre where he served for almost 40 years. A prominent character actor, Papanov is mostly remembered for his comedy roles in a duo with his friend Andrei Mironov, although he had many dramatic roles as well. As a voice actor, he contributed to over one hundred cartoons. He was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1973 and awarded the USSR State Prize posthumously.

The Twelve Chairs (1976 film)
The Twelve Chairs (Russian: 12 стульев) is a 1976 four-episode musical television film directed by Mark Zakharov based on the 1928 novel of the same name by Ilf and Petrov.

It is the second full length adaptation of the novel in the Soviet Union (the first was directed by Leonid Gaidai) and is the sixth one in the world.
Elder Futhark
The Elder Futhark (or Fuþark, /ˈfuːθɑːrk/ FOO-thark), also known as the Older Futhark, Old Futhark, or Germanic Futhark, is the oldest form of the runic alphabets. It was a writing system used by Germanic peoples  in the Migration Period. Inscriptions are found on artifacts including jewelry, amulets, plateware, tools, and weapons, as well as runestones, from the 2nd to the 8th centuries.

In Scandinavia, beginning in the late 8th century, the script was simplified to the Younger Futhark, while the Anglo-Saxons and Frisians instead extended it, giving rise to the Anglo-Saxon futhorc. Both the Anglo-Saxon futhorc and the Younger Futhark remained in use during the Early and the High Middle Ages respectively, but knowledge of how to read the Elder Futhark was forgotten until 1865, when it was deciphered by Norwegian scholar Sophus Bugge.

Vadstena bracteate
The Vadstena bracteate (Rundata Ög 178, IK 377.1) is a gold C-bracteate found in the ground at Vadstena, Sweden, in 1774. Along with the bracteate was a gold ring and a piece of gold sheet: all were nearly melted down by a goldsmith who was stopped by a local clergyman. The bracteate was stolen in 1938 from the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities and has not yet been found.
Paracelsianism
Paracelsianism (also Paracelsism; German: Paracelsismus) was an early modern medical movement based on the theories and therapies of Paracelsus. 
It developed in the second half of the 16th century, during the decades following Paracelsus's death in 1541, and it flourished during the first half of the 17th century, representing one of the most comprehensive alternatives to learned medicine, the traditional system of therapeutics derived from Galenic physiology.

Based on the by then antiquated principle of maintaining harmony between the microcosm and macrocosm, Paracelsianism fell rapidly into decline in the later 17th century with the rise of the scientific movement, but left its mark on medical practices. It was responsible for the widespread introduction of mineral therapies and several other iatrochemical techniques.

Most well known Paracelsians were men but some educated women engaged in paracelsian alchemy in both its spiritual-philosophical and medicinal aspects.

Allen G. Debus
Allen George Debus (August 16, 1926 – March 6, 2009) was an American historian of science, known primarily for his work on the history of chemistry and alchemy. In 1991 he was honored at the University of Chicago with an academic conference held in his name. Paul H. Theerman and Karen Hunger Parshall edited the proceedings, and Debus contributed his autobiography of which this article is a digest.
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 332
Route 332, also known as Frederickton Road, is a 23.8-kilometre-long (14.8 mi) east-west highway on the northern coast of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It serves as a loop route off of Route 330 (Gander Bay Road), connecting several communities along the coastline of Hamilton Sound with the highway. Route 332 is one of very few highways in the province that both begin and end on the same highway.

Newfoundland and Labrador Route 330
Route 330 Beaton Tulk Highway, also known as Road to the Shore or more commonly Gander Bay Road, is a highway that extends from Gander, Newfoundland across "the loop" (as locals call it) passing through towns such as Gander Bay South, Carmanville, Musgrave Harbour, and Lumsden  to New-Wes-Valley. Here, the highway connects with Route 320, which continues "the loop" down the west shore of Bonavista Bay exiting back to the Trans-Canada Highway (Route 1) in Gambo.
Carrying Place, Ontario
Carrying Place is a community straddling the Quinte West and Prince Edward County border that serves as a gateway to Prince Edward County, Ontario, Canada. Situated northwest of Picton and just south of Trenton, it was named for its location on the portage between the Bay of Quinte and Weller's Bay on Lake Ontario. The Loyalist Parkway passes through the community.

Carrying Place is home to the Department of National Defence's LPH-89 antenna farm attached to CFB Trenton and located along Loyalist Parkway south of Twelve O'clock Point.

Picton, Ontario
Picton is an unincorporated community located in Prince Edward County in southeastern Ontario, roughly 160 km (99 mi) east of Toronto. It is the county's largest community and former seat located at the southwestern end of Picton Bay, a branch of the Bay of Quinte, which is along the northern shoreline of Lake Ontario. The town is named for Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Picton, who served in the British Army during the Peninsular War in Spain and Portugal. He also saw action at the Battle of Waterloo, where he was killed. It was formerly incorporated as a town. Picton is home to the Picton Pirates of the Provincial Junior Hockey League Tod Division.
Teodoro Trivulzio
Teodoro Trivulzio (1458–1531) was an Italian condottiero who served the French crown during the Italian Wars and became a marshal of France.

Trivulzio was born in Milan and was a nephew of Gian Giacomo Trivulzio. In the service of King Louis XII, he fought with the French vanguard at the Battle of Agnadello (1509) and later took part in the Battle of Ravenna (1512). In 1521 he assisted Marshal Odet de Foix during the siege of Parma. He was appointed governor of Milan in 1525, but relinquished the post after the Battle of Pavia later that year, which marked a major reversal for the French position in northern Italy.

In 1526 Trivulzio was created marshal of France by King Francis I and appointed governor of Genoa. He failed to secure control of the city and surrendered during a revolt in 1528. In 1530 he became governor of Lyon, where he died in 1531.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Malibu Creek State Park
Malibu Creek State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving the Malibu Creek canyon in the Santa Monica Mountains.  The 8,215-acre (3,324 ha) park was established in 1974.  Opened to the public in 1976, the park is also a component of Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area.

Santa Monica Mountains
The Santa Monica Mountains are a coastal mountain range in Southern California, next to the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Transverse Ranges. The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area protects nearly all of this mountain range, and extends beyond it in places. Because of its proximity to densely populated regions, it is one of the most visited natural areas in California.
Mačva
Mačva (Serbian Cyrillic: Мачва, pronounced [mâːt͡ʃv̞a]; Hungarian: Macsó) is a geographical and historical region in the northwest of Central Serbia, on a fertile plain between the Sava and Drina rivers. The chief town is Šabac. The modern Mačva District of Serbia is named after the region, although the region of Mačva includes only the northern part of this district. A small northern part of Mačva region is in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in the Syrmia District.

Mačvanska Mitrovica
Mačvanska Mitrovica (Serbian Cyrillic: Мачванска Митровица, pronounced [mât͡ʃv̞anskaː mîtrɔv̞it͡sa]) is a town located in the Sremska Mitrovica municipality, in the Srem District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The town has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 3,873 people (2011 census).
Falmouth RFC
Falmouth Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in the town of Falmouth, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom, playing in Counties 2 Cornwall at the eighth tier of the English league system, following relegation from Counties 1 Western West at the end of the 2023–24 season. The club play at the Recreation Ground. They enjoy a rivalry with close neighbours, Penryn.

Penryn RFC
Penyrn RFC is a Cornish rugby union club based in the town of Penryn, and is the oldest club side in the county having been formed in 1872.  The club currently has two senior men's teams (the seconds are known as the Saracens) as well as a ladies team, colts, and multiple mini/youth sides (male and female).  Nicknamed "The Borough" the club's colours are black and red. The men's first team play in Counties 1 Western West - a league at level 7 of the English rugby union system - having been promoted from Cornwall/Devon as champions at the end of the 2018–19 season. They enjoy a rivalry with neighbours, Falmouth RFC.
Saale-Unstrut
Saale-Unstrut is a region (Anbaugebiet) for quality wine in Germany, and takes its name from the rivers Saale and Unstrut. The region is located on various hill slopes around these rivers. Most of the region's 685 hectares (1,690 acres) under vine in 2008 is situated in the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt, with around 20 hectares (49 acres) in the state of Thuringia.

Unstrut
The Unstrut (German pronunciation: [ˈʊnʃtʁuːt] ⓘ or [ˈʊnstʁuːt] ⓘ) is a river in Germany and a left tributary of the Saale.

The Unstrut originates in northern Thuringia near Dingelstädt (west of Kefferhausen in the Eichsfeld area) and its catchment area is the whole of the Thuringian Basin. It breaks out of the basin through the Thuringian Gate west of Heldrungen and, in its lower reaches, flows through Saxony-Anhalt before emptying into the Saale near Naumburg. The total length of the Unstrut is 192 kilometres (119 mi). Towns along the Unstrut include Mühlhausen, Sömmerda, Bad Frankenhausen, Artern, Roßleben, and Freyburg.
The main tributaries of the Unstrut are the Gera, Wipper, Helme, and Lossa.

The countryside around the Saale and Unstrut rivers forms the wine-growing region of Saale-Unstrut.  The well-known brand of sparkling wine, Rotkäppchen ("Little Red Riding Hood") is produced in the cellars of Freyburg.
Microsoft Bob
Microsoft Bob was a Microsoft software product intended to provide a more user-friendly interface for the Windows 3.1, Windows 95 and Windows NT operating systems, supplanting the Windows Program Manager. The program was released on March 10, 1995, and discontinued in early 1996. Microsoft Bob presented screens showing a house, with rooms that the user could visit containing familiar objects corresponding to computer applications, such as a desk with pen and paper and a checkbook. Clicking on the pen and paper would open the system's word processor. A cartoon dog named Rover and other cartoon characters provided guidance using speech balloons.

Upon release, Microsoft Bob was criticized in the media and did not gain wide acceptance with users, which resulted in its discontinuation. Its legacy would be observed in future Microsoft products, notably the use of virtual assistants. The Rover character later reappeared as a Windows XP search companion.

Office Assistant
The Office Assistant is a discontinued virtual assistant for Microsoft Office. It assisted users by way of an interactive animated character which interfaced with the Office help content. It was included in Microsoft Office, in Microsoft Publisher, Microsoft Project, and Microsoft FrontPage. It had a wide selection of characters to choose from, with the most well-known being a paperclip called Clippit (commonly referred to by the public as Clippy). The Office Assistant and particularly Clippit have been the subject of numerous criticisms and parodies.
Aro Ngwa
Aro Ngwa is an Igbo community in Osisioma Ngwa Local Government Area, in Abia State of Nigeria. It is a suburb of Aba, a commercial centre in the South Eastern part of Nigeria. The nearest major city is Aba in Nigeria.

Osisioma Ngwa
Osisioma Ngwa listenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Abia state of Nigeria. Its headquarters are located in Osisioma town.

It has an area of 198 km2 (76 sq mi) and a population of 219,632 as per 2006 census data of Nigeria.
The Walt Disney Company Latin America
The Walt Disney Company Latin America is one of The Walt Disney Company's international divisions. It is responsible for the Disney brand and its businesses throughout the region. It has offices in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Miami.

The company owns and operates the Latin American versions of Disney Channel, Disney Jr., ESPN and Radio Disney. The Walt Disney Company Latin America also produces content as well with other media companies.

On 2 December 2024, Disney announced the closure of all its channels in Brazil except ESPN on 28 February 2025. In Hispanic America, the channels will continue to operate.

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is an American film distributor within the Disney Entertainment division of the Walt Disney Company. It handles theatrical and occasional digital distribution, marketing, and promotion for films produced and released by the Walt Disney Studios, including Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures, though the latter unit operates its own autonomous theatrical distribution and marketing unit in the United States.

The company was originally established by Walt Disney in 1953 as Buena Vista Film Distribution Company Inc. (later renamed Buena Vista Distribution Inc. and Buena Vista Pictures Distribution Inc.). It took on its current name in late 2007.
Warrenpoint (William Branson House)
Warrenpoint (also known as William Branson House) is an historic home located in Knauertown, Pennsylvania, in Chester County. The house was built in 1756 in the Georgian Colonial style by William Branson. Branson was recorded as Samuel Nutts partner who both owned Reading Furnace and Warwick Furnace Farms. William Branson and his Reading property are also associated with the Franklin Stove. William Branson's grandson Samuel Van Leer would play an important role in the American Revolutionary War and would take over the family business.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 11, 1975.

Samuel Van Leer
Captain Samuel Van Leer (January 7, 1747 – October 15, 1825) was a military officer from Pennsylvania who served as a captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War and as a lieutenant in the Chester County Light Horse Volunteers from 1781 to 1785. After his retirement from the military, he owned the Reading Furnace ironworks.

He was a member of the influential Van Leer family. His father Bernardhus Van Leer was an early settler of the Province of Pennsylvania. He married the sister of American Revolutionary War General Anthony Wayne. His son Isaac Van Leer was a U.S. Congressman.
Albrighton, east Shropshire
Albrighton is a large village and civil parish in Shropshire, England, 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Wolverhampton and 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Bridgnorth.

The village has a railway station on the Shrewsbury to Wolverhampton Line, and is near to RAF Cosford and the M54 motorway. It is the most easterly settlement in Shropshire. Immediately to the north is the hamlet and parish of Donington, which is separated from Albrighton by Humphreston Brook.

Donington and Albrighton Nature Reserve
Donington and Albrighton is a small nature reserve near the village of Albrighton. Not only is it a valuable site for wildlife and recreation in Shropshire, it is also the location of the historic St Cuthbert's Well.
Schultz' gate tram stop
Schultz' gate station was a tram stop on the Oslo Tramway located in the Bogstadveien Street. It was preceded by the Majorstuen stop and succeeded by Rosenborg stop on the Briskeby Line. In 2014, the Rosenborg and Schultz' gate stops were merged with the newly established Bogstadveien, located between those stops.

Rosenborg tram stop (original)
Rosenborg (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈrùːsn̩bɔrɡ]) was a tram stop on the Oslo Tramway. It was located on the shopping street Bogstadveien, in the area of the same name in the neighbourhood Hegdehaugen. The station was preceded by Schultz' gate on the Briskeby Line and succeeded by Homansbyen and Uranienborgveien on the Homansby and Briskeby Line, respectively. In 2005, the station was upgraded, with heightened platforms, new skeds and real-time monitors. In 2014, the stop was closed and replaced by the newly established Bogstadveien stop, located a bit further north on the Bogstadveien street, closer to Majorstuen. The succeeding Uranienborg stop was relocated to the street junction between Bogstadveien and Josefines gate, and renamed Rosenborg.