hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DB Draw
DB Draw is a derelict railroad swing bridge crossing the Hackensack River between Secaucus and Kearny, in New Jersey, United States. It was built in 1889 by the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad, (reorganized in 1895 as the Erie Railroad) and was used by the New York and Greenwood Lake and the Newark Branch.

The bridge later carried New Jersey Transit's Boonton Line until the line was connected to the Montclair Branch via the Montclair Connection, to form the Montclair-Boonton Line. The bridge then reverted to Norfolk Southern Railway control, which has since placed it out of service. It was decommissioned in October 2002 and left in an open position for river traffic.

As of 2022, the line is being converted to a rail trail.

Newark Branch
The Newark Branch was a branch of the Erie Railroad in New Jersey, United States, running between Jersey City and Paterson and passing through the Broadway Section in North Newark, the origin of its name. Inaugurated in the 1870s, the line was last used for passenger service on September 30, 1966, but continues to be used for freight service on a portion of its length.
St Osyth Witches
The St Osyth Witches were 14 women who were tried for witchcraft in Essex in 1582. A village near Brightlingsea in Essex, St Osyth was home to 14 women who were put on trial for witchcraft, some of whom were duly convicted according to law.

St Osyth
St Osyth is an English village and civil parish in the Tendring District of north-east Essex, about five miles (eight kilometres) west of Clacton-on-Sea and 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Colchester. It lies on the B1027, Colchester–Clacton road. The village is named after Osgyth, a seventh-century saint and princess. Locally, the name is sometimes pronounced "Toosey". It is claimed to be the driest recorded place in the United Kingdom. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 5,157.
Aurora Golden Gala
Aurora Golden Gala (cultivar 8S6923) is a cross between the apples 'Splendour' and 'Gala'. It was named in 2003 in a nationwide "Name the Apple" contest. Aurora Golden Gala is a yellow dessert apple. It is harvested mid-season. The fruit are medium in size, very crisp, juicy, aromatic, sweet, and they store well.

Currently Aurora Golden Gala is only available in Canada and the United States. The cultivar was made at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Summerland, BC.

Splendour (apple)
Splendour, Splendor or Starksplendor is a modern cultivar of domesticated apple which was developed in New Zealand, and is regarded there as a popular commercial dessert apple. It has been said to be a cross between 'Red Dougherty' and 'Golden Delicious', but genetic analysis has not definitely characterized either of the parent cultivars, and records do not indicate known or suspected parents.

The fruit is ribbed and conical shaped, medium-large. The thin skin has a light green background with a faint pink blush and green lenticels. Flesh is crisp and juicy; white with a green tinge. The flavour is very pleasant for eating, sweet with little acidity. The fruit keeps well in storage but bruises easily. It is late ripening and hangs well on the tree. The tree is a reliable heavy tip and spur bearer.

The Splendour apple is an ancestor for the Sciros apple and for the Aurora Golden Gala.
Alamance County, North Carolina
Alamance County (/ˈæləmæns/ ⓘ) is a county in North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 171,415. Its county seat is Graham. Formed in 1849 from Orange County to the east, Alamance County has been the site of significant historical events, textile manufacturing, and agriculture.

Alamance County comprises the Burlington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 1,736,099 in 2023.

Guilford County, North Carolina
Guilford County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 541,299, making it the third-most populous county in North Carolina. The county seat and largest community is Greensboro. Since 1938, an additional county court has been located in High Point. The county was formed in 1771. Guilford County is included in the Greensboro-High Point, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.
1-Hexyne
1-Hexyne  is a hydrocarbon consisting of a straight six-carbon chain having a terminal alkyne. Its molecular formula is HC2C4H9. A colorless liquid, it is one of three isomers of hexyne.  It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Alkyne
In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula  CnH2n−2. Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C2H2, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature. Like other hydrocarbons, alkynes are generally hydrophobic.
Port St. Lucie Botanical Gardens
The Port St. Lucie Botanical Gardens is a 21-acre subtropical botanical garden located at 2410 SE Westmoreland Blvd, Port St. Lucie, Florida, United States.

The garden opened in March 2010 and is operated by The Friends of the Port St. Lucie Botanical Gardens, a non-profit, 501 (C)3 educational foundation. The construction of the garden began on March 4, 2009 and the grand opening was on March 6, 2010.

The setting includes a bamboo garden, bonsai garden, bromeliad island, butterfly garden, faery garden, cactus & succulents island, hibiscus garden, native plants, orchid room, palm walk, rose garden, serenity garden, and tropical fruit garden. It also includes a two-acre lake, 4100-sq.ft. Pavilion, amphitheater, which serves as a popular wedding venue. The garden also had a center for selling saplings.

The garden offers free annual illuminated light display during the holidays.

Port St. Lucie, Florida
Port St. Lucie is a city in St. Lucie County, Florida, United States. It is the most-populous municipality in the county and the sixth-most populous city in Florida, with a population of 204,851 at the 2020 census. It is located 125 miles (201 km) southeast of Orlando and 113 miles (182 km) north of Miami. It is a principal city in the Port St. Lucie metropolitan statistical area, which includes St. Lucie and Martin Counties, and as of 2021 had an estimated population of 502,521. Port St. Lucie is also a principal city in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie combined statistical area, which had an estimated population of 6,841,100 as of 2021.
Jewish and democratic state
"Jewish and democratic state" is the Israeli legal definition of the nature and character of the State of Israel. The "Jewish" nature was first defined within the Israeli Declaration of Independence in May 1948 (see Jewish state and Jewish homeland). The "democratic" character was first officially added in the amendment to Israel's Basic Law: The Knesset, which was passed in 1985 (amendment 9, clause 7A).

Numerous scholars and political observers have debated the definition, particularly whether the terms are contradictory or complementary. According to Israeli author and journalist Yossi Klein Halevi, "Israel is based on two non-negotiable identities. The homeland of all Jews, whether or not they are citizens of Israel, and it's the state of all its citizens, whether or not they are Jews."

Halachic state
The term "halachic state" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה, romanized: Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish law (Halakha). It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. A number of Israeli politicians who identify as Orthodox have publicly voiced their support for Israel's transformation into a halachic state, but this position has not gained significant traction in the country's legal system or among the majority of Israeli society.
Mayor of the West Midlands
The mayor of the West Midlands is a directly elected political post who chairs the West Midlands Combined Authority, covering the local authorities serving Birmingham, Coventry, Dudley, Sandwell, Solihull, Walsall and Wolverhampton.

The most recent election took place on Thursday 2 May 2024. Richard Parker took his post as mayor after defeating former incumbent Andy Street by 1,508 votes.

The previous election was delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so the inaugural mayoral term was extended by a year, with the second term length being reduced to three years between 2021 and 2024. The Mayor's term of office will return to four years from 2024 thereafter.

Richard Parker (mayor)
Richard Parker (born c. May 1963) is a British businessman and Labour politician serving as the Mayor of the West Midlands since May 2024. He is a member of the Labour and Co-operative Party. He defeated Conservative incumbent Andy Street in the 2024 West Midlands mayoral election.
Orange County, Virginia
Orange County is a county located in the central Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,254. Its county seat is Orange. Orange County includes Montpelier, the 2,700-acre (1,100 ha) estate of James Madison, the 4th president of the United States and often known as the "father of the Constitution". The county celebrated its 290th anniversary in 2024.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, Virginia
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, Virginia.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, Virginia, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 36 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.
Benefit of clergy
In English law, the benefit of clergy (Law Latin: privilegium clericale) was originally a provision by which clergymen accused of a crime could claim that they were outside the jurisdiction of the secular courts and be tried instead in an ecclesiastical court under canon law. The ecclesiastical courts were generally seen as being more lenient in their prosecutions and punishments, and defendants made many efforts to claim clergy status, often on questionable or fraudulent grounds.

Various reforms limited the scope of this legal arrangement to prevent its abuse, including branding of a thumb upon first use, to limit the number of invocations for some. Eventually, the benefit of clergy evolved into a legal fiction in which first-time offenders could receive lesser sentences for some crimes (the so-called "clergyable" ones). The legal mechanism was abolished in the United Kingdom in 1827 with the passage of the Criminal Law Act 1827.

Petty treason
Petty treason or petit treason was an offence under the common law of England in which a person killed or otherwise violated the authority of a social superior, other than the king. In England and Wales, petty treason ceased to be a distinct offence from murder by virtue of the Offences against the Person Act 1828. It was abolished in Ireland in 1829. It never existed in Scotland. It has also been abolished in other common-law countries.
Military Police (Armenia)
The Military Police of Armenia (Armenian: Ռազմական ոստիկանություն, romanized: Rrazmakan vostikanut’yun) is the military police branch of the Armed Forces of Armenia under the command of the Ministry of Defence. In the MoD, it is separate from the central apparatus. It is governed by the RA Law on Military Police.

Ministry of Defence of Armenia
The Ministry of Defence of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի պաշտպանության նախարարություն) often abbreviated to the RA Ministry of Defence is an Armenian governmental agency in charge of overseeing the development of the Armed Forces of Armenia. The Ministry of Defence is also the executive body which implements the policies of the Armenian Government in the defence sector. It particularly oversees the budget of the armed forces and ensures the safety of troops. It is located on 5 Bagrevand Street, Yerevan. The ministry was officially established on 28 January 1992 by decree of the President of Armenia.
Prix Saint-Michel
The Prix Saint-Michel (French pronunciation: [pʁi sɛ̃ miʃɛl]) was a series of comic awards presented in the City of Brussels from 1971 to 2019 (with a gap from 1987 to 2001), specifically recognizing excellence in Franco-Belgian comics. The festival awarded several prizes, the most prestigious of which was the "Grand Prix Saint-Michel," honoring lifetime achievement. After its revival in 2002 under new management, the prize continued until 2019, recognizing both outstanding work and the broader cultural significance of Franco-Belgian comics.

Edgar P. Jacobs
Edgard Félix Pierre Jacobs (30 March 1904 – 20 February 1987), better known under his pen name Edgar P. Jacobs, was a Belgian comic book creator (writer and artist), born in Brussels, Belgium. He was one of the founding fathers of the Franco-Belgian comics movement, through his collaborations with Hergé and the graphic novel series that made him famous, Blake and Mortimer.
Nuevo Mundo volcano
Nuevo Mundo also known as Jatun Mundo Quri Warani (Hispanicized spellings Jatun Mundo Khori Huarani, Jatun Mundo Khorihuarani), is a stratovolcano, lava dome and  a lava flow complex between Potosí and Uyuni, Bolivia, in the Andes rising to a peak at 5,438 m (17,841 ft). It is located in the Potosí Department, Antonio Quijarro Province, Tomave Municipality. It lies northeast of the peaks of Uyuni, Kuntur Chukuña and Chuqi Warani and south of Sirk'i.

Mount Uyuni
Uyuni (Aymara, uyu pen (enclosure), yard, cemetery, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one that has got a pen", "the one with a pen") is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia, about 5,084 metres (16,680 ft) high. It is situated in the Potosí Department, Antonio Quijarro Province, Tomave Municipality, Tomave Canton, east of the Uyuni salt flat and south-west of the Nuevo Mundo volcano (Jatun Mundo Quri Warani) and Kuntur Chukuña.
Evanston, Illinois
Evanston is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Evanston lies on Lake Michigan 12 miles (19 km) north of the Loop. It is bordered by Wilmette to the north, Skokie to the west, Chicago to the south, and the lake to the east. Evanston had a population of 78,110 as of 2020.

Founded by Methodist business leaders in 1857, the city was incorporated in 1863. Evanston is home to Northwestern University, founded in 1851 before the city's incorporation, one of the world's leading research universities. Today known for its ethnically diverse population, Evanston is heavily shaped by the influence of Chicago, externally, and Northwestern, internally. The city and the university share a historically complex long-standing relationship.

Evanston/Skokie School District 65
The Evanston/Skokie School District 65 is a school district headquartered in Evanston, Illinois north of Chicago, United States. The district serves Evanston and Skokie, operating elementary schools, middle schools, and K-8 schools.
Yukon Vengeance
Yukon Vengeance is a 1954 American Northern film directed by William Beaudine and starring Kirby Grant, Monte Hale and Mary Ellen Kay. It was the tenth and final film featuring Grant as Mountie Corporal Rod Webb, assisted by his dog Chinook.

Northern (genre)
The Northern or Northwestern is a genre in various arts that tell stories set primarily in the late 19th or early 20th century in the north of North America, primarily in western Canada but also in Alaska. It is similar to the Western genre, but certain elements are different, as appropriate to its setting. It is common for the central character to be a Mountie instead of a cowboy or sheriff. Other common characters include fur trappers and traders, lumberjacks, frontiersmen, prospectors, First Nations people, outlaws, settlers, and townsfolk.

International interest in the region and the genre was fuelled by the Klondike Gold Rush (1896–99) and subsequent works surrounding it, fiction and non-fiction. The genre was extremely popular in the interwar period of the 20th century. Northerns are still produced, but their popularity waned in the late 1950s.
Maple Bluff, Wisconsin
Maple Bluff is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,368 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb of Madison located on the eastern shore of Lake Mendota and is part of the Madison metropolitan area. Maple Bluff is the site of the Wisconsin Governor's Mansion, the residence of the governor of Wisconsin and their family. The Robert M. La Follette House is also in Maple Bluff.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
York Wasps
The York Wasps (known simply as York from 1868 to 1989, Ryedale-York from 1989 to 1996 and York Wasps from 1996 to 2002) was an English professional rugby league club based in York. At the start of the 2002 season, the club was dissolved. A new club, York City Knights was established to take the Wasps' place for the 2003 season.

London Broncos
The London Broncos are a professional rugby league club based in Wimbledon, England. They play their home games at Plough Lane and compete in the Betfred Championship.

Whilst the club has never won a major trophy, they have finished second in the League Championship once and have been Challenge Cup runners-up once. They have also won the Championship Grand Final, to gain promotion to the Super League, on two occasions.

Originally formed as Fulham Rugby League Club in 1980, they have also previously been known as London Crusaders and Harlequins Rugby League. London's home colours are black, red and white.
Cascade, Iowa
Cascade is a city in Dubuque and Jones counties, Iowa, United States. The Dubuque County portion is part of Dubuque metropolitan area, while the Jones County section is part of Cedar Rapids metropolitan area. The population was 2,386 at the 2020 census, up from 1,958 in 2000. The city is located within southwestern of Dubuque County and north-central Jones County.

Arguably the town's most notable historic event was the 1925 flood. Between 1880 and 1936, the town was connected to Bellevue via the Chicago, St. Paul & Milwaukee Railroad Company.  It was Iowa's last narrow gauge railroad with a gauge of 3'.  The roadbed curves and grades were considered too extreme for conversion to standard gauge.

U.S. Route 151 runs through Cascade but in 2002, a four-lane bypass took traffic north around the city. Iowa Highway 136 runs from north to south through Cascade.

Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, Iowa
The Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of three counties in Iowa, anchored by the city of Cedar Rapids. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 276,520.

The Cedar Rapids MSA is part of a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) with the Iowa City MSA. The area is marketed regionally as Iowa City-Cedar Rapids (ICR), or the "Corridor" (referring to the Interstate 380 corridor) which includes both the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City metropolitan areas and several surrounding counties.
Avon County Council
Avon County Council was the county council of the non-metropolitan county of Avon in south west England. It came into its powers on 1 April 1974 and was abolished on 1 April 1996 at the same time as the county. The county council was based at Avon House in Bristol. It was replaced with four authorities: Bristol City Council, South Gloucestershire Council, North Somerset Council and Bath and North East Somerset Council.

Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.
Luminous flame
A luminous flame is a burning flame which is brightly visible. Much of its output is in the form of visible light, as well as heat or light in the non-visible wavelengths.

An early study of flame luminosity was conducted by Michael Faraday and became part of his series of Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, The Chemical History of a Candle.

Bunsen burner
A Bunsen burner, named after Robert Bunsen, is a kind of ambient air gas burner used as laboratory equipment; it produces a single open gas flame, and is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.

The gas can be natural gas, which is mainly methane, or a liquefied petroleum gas, such as propane, butane, a mixture or, as Bunsen himself used, coal gas. Combustion temperature achieved depends in part on the adiabatic flame temperature of the chosen fuel mixture.
Pralaya
Pralaya (Sanskrit: प्रलय, romanized: Pralaya, lit. 'Destruction') is a concept in Hindu eschatology. Generally referring to four different phenomena, it is most commonly used to indicate the event of the dissolution of the entire universe that follows a kalpa (a period of 4.32 billion years) called the Brahmapralaya.

Pralaya also refers to Nityapralaya, the continuous destruction of all animate and inanimate beings that occurs on a daily basis, Prakritapralaya, the great flood produced by Prakriti (Nature) that ends all of creation after the completion of 1,000 Chaturyuga (four-age) cycles, and Atyantikapralaya, the dissolution of one's Atman (Self) due to its union with Brahman (Ultimate Reality). A concept that has been referenced in literature since the Upanishads, the concept of pralaya has been widely discussed in Hindu cosmology as well as philosophy.

Hindu cosmology
Hindu cosmology is the description of the universe and its states of matter, cycles within time, physical structure, and effects on living entities according to Hindu texts. Hindu cosmology is also intertwined with the idea of a creator who allows the world to exist and take shape.