hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marie-Madeleine Guimard
Marie-Madeleine Guimard (French pronunciation: [maʁi madlɛn ɡimaʁ]; 27 December 1743 — 4 May 1816) was a French ballerina who dominated the Parisian stage during the reign of Louis XVI. For twenty-five years she was the star of the Paris Opera. She made herself even more famous by her love affairs, especially by her long liaison with the Prince of Soubise. According to Edmond de Goncourt, when d'Alembert was asked why dancers like La Guimard made such prodigious fortunes, when singers did not, he responded, "It is a necessary consequence of the laws of motion".

Terpsichore
In Greek mythology, Terpsichore (/tərpˈsɪkəriː/; Ancient Greek: Τερψιχόρη, "delight in dancing") is one of the nine Muses and goddess of dance and chorus. She lends her name to the word "terpsichorean", which means "of or relating to dance".
William Feilding, 10th Earl of Denbigh
Captain William Rudolph Stephen Feilding, 10th Earl of Denbigh, 9th Earl of Desmond (17 April 1912 – 31 December 1966), was a British peer. He was the son of Rudolph Feilding, Viscount Feilding, heir to the Earldom of Denbigh, and his wife Agnes Imelda Mary Harding (Viscountess Feilding). He was educated at The Oratory School. He fought in the Second World War, having gained the rank of captain in the service of the Coldstream Guards. He held the office of Justice of the Peace for Warwickshire. He died in 1966 at the age of 54.

In 1940, Lord Denbigh married Verena Barbara ('Betty') Price, daughter of Lt.-Col. William Edward Price, of Trevethin, Monmouthshire. They were the parents of Lady Imelda Clare Feilding, and Rollo Feilding, 11th Earl of Denbigh, who succeeded to the earldom.

Earl of Denbigh
Earl of Denbigh (pronounced 'Denby') is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1622 for William Feilding, Viscount Feilding, a courtier, admiral, and brother-in-law of the powerful Duke of Buckingham. The title is named after the town of Denbigh in the county of Denbighshire, Wales. Since the time of the third earl (1675), the Earl of Denbigh has also held the title of Earl of Desmond, in the Peerage of Ireland.

The family seat is Newnham Paddox, in the parish of Monks Kirby, Warwickshire. The eighth earl converted to Roman Catholicism during the 1850s, in which faith the family has remained. The earldom was one of the hereditary peerages whose entitlement to sit in the House of Lords was removed by the House of Lords Act 1999.
Chowk Azam
Chowk Azam is a city in Layyah District of Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Layyah city, the headquarters of the Layyah District, on the Mianwali-Multan road and Layyah-Shorkot road. According to the 2023 Census of Pakistan, Chowk Azam has a population of 87,376.

The city has many educational and vocational institutions, including Government Muslim High School, Divisional Public School, Government College for Boys and Government College for Girls. The campus of the Government College University Faisalabad and Bahauddin Zakariya University in Layyah  and Government Graduate College in Chowk Azam provide point services for students commuting from Chowk Azam and the vicinity.

Chowk Azam is located at a latitude of 30.9706551 and a longitude of 71.212303.

Layyah
Layyah (Saraiki and Urdu: ليّہ), also spelled as Leiah, is a city in Layyah District of Punjab province of Pakistan. The city is the headquarter of Layyah District and Layyah Tehsil. It is the 75th most populous city of Pakistan.

The main languages spoken in the city include Saraiki, Punjabi, and Urdu.
The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was
"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was" or "The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear" (German: Märchen von einem, der auszog das Fürchten zu lernen) is a German folktale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimm's Fairy Tales (KHM 4). The tale was also included by Andrew Lang in The Blue Fairy Book (1889).

It is classified as Aarne–Thompson index type 326, Fear. It refers to tales of a male protagonist's unsuccessful attempts to learn how to feel fear.

This tale type did not appear in any early literary collection but is heavily influenced by the medieval adventure of Sir Lancelot du Lac called The Marvels of Rigomer in which he spends a night in a haunted castle and undergoes almost the same ordeals as the youth.

Youngest son
The youngest son is a stock character in fairy tales, where he features as the hero. He is usually the third son, but sometimes there are more brothers, and sometimes he has only one; usually, they have no sisters.

In a family of many daughters, the youngest daughter may be an equivalent figure.
Chikanda
Chikanda is a Zambian dish made from the boiled root tubers of terrestrial orchids also called chikanda. The dish is often called "African polony" because it has a texture that resembles bologna. Chikanda can be eaten as a snack, dessert, or an accompaniment to nshima, a maize flour porridge.

Ugali
Ugali, also known as posho, nsima, papa, pap, mogobe, sadza, isitshwala, akume, amawe, ewokple, akple, and other names, is a type of corn meal made from maize or corn or mahindi flour in several African countries: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Lesotho, Eswatini, Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Botswana and South Africa, and in West Africa by the Ewes of Togo, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria and Ivory Coast. It is cooked in boiling water or milk until it reaches a stiff or firm dough-like consistency. In 2017, the dish was added to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, one of a few foods on the list.
Beggar's badge
Beggars' badges were identifying insignia worn by beggars beginning in the early fifteenth century in Great Britain and Ireland. They were physical badges or other markers, and they served two purposes; to identify individual beggars, and to allow beggars to move freely from place to place.

Bede House, Old Aberdeen
The Bede House in Old Aberdeen, Scotland, is a 17th-century Scottish town house. It was built in 1676 as a residence for Bailie William Logan and his wife Jean Moir of Stoneywood. During the late 18th century, Old Aberdeen Bedesmen moved from their original hospital beside St Machar's Church to the former Logan house in Don Street. In the 19th century the house changed hands. It was first owned by the Burgh of Old Aberdeen, then, by the City of Aberdeen after the merger of the two burghs in 1891. The house was refurbished by the City of Aberdeen Council in 1965. It was divided into two flats or apartments. The flats are now in private ownership. Much of the 17th-century building is in its original form. It is an excellent example of an L-shaped Scottish Town House, built on three floors with an attic. The house is designated as a Category A listed building.
Crundmáel Bolg Luatha
Crundmáel Bolg Luatha mac Áedo (died 628) was a King of Uí Cheinnselaig. He was the grandson of a previous king Éogan Cáech and great-great grandson of the Leinster king Crimthann mac Énnai (died 483). He ruled from 625 to 630 and succeeded Rónán mac Colmáin of the Sil Chormaic sept as King of Ui Cheinnselaig.

The annals record that he was besieged in 626 by the Ui Neill  and the Annals of Ulster call this the "sack of ashes". He was slain at the Battle of Duma Aichir in 628 by Fáelán mac Colmáin (died 666) from the Uí Dúnlainge, later King of Leinster.

He was succeeded by his son Colgu Bolg Luatha who was slain in 647.

Fáelán mac Colmáin
Fáelán mac Colmáin (died 666) was a King of Leinster from the Uí Dúnlainge branch of the Laigin. He was the son of Colmán Már mac Coirpri, a previous king. Faelan was the founder of the true fortunes of the Ui Dunlainge dynasty.
Ewald Jarmer
Ewald Jarmer (born 12 August 1942) is a German boxer. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. At the 1972 Summer Olympics, he lost to Marvin Johnson of the United States.

Marvin Johnson (boxer)
Marvin Johnson (born April 12, 1954) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1973 to 1987. He is a 3-time light heavyweight champion  having held the World Boxing Council (WBC) light heavyweight title from 1978 to 1979, and the World Boxing Association (WBA) light heavyweight title twice between 1979 to 1987. As an amateur, Johnson fought in the 1972 Olympics in Munich, winning a bronze medal at middleweight. He was inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame in 2008.
Schertz, Texas
Schertz (/ʃɜːrts/ shurts) is a city in Guadalupe, Bexar, and Comal counties in the U.S. state of Texas, within the San Antonio–New Braunfels metropolitan area. The population was 42,002 at the 2020 census, up from 31,465 at the 2010 census. Schertz was named after the Alsatian family who settled in Texas in the 1840's. The Schertz family were some of the first Germanic emigrants to settle in Central Texas. To this day, the area is rich in German heritage and tradition and many residents trace their lineage back to these emigrants.

Guadalupe County, Texas
Guadalupe County (Local /ˌɡwɑːdəˈlʊpiː/, Spanish pronunciation: [gwaðaˈlupe]) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 172,706. The county seat is Seguin. The county was founded in 1846 and is named after the Guadalupe River.

Guadalupe County is part of the San Antonio metropolitan statistical area.
Street Drum Corps
Street Drum Corps is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 2004 by Bobby Alt of S.T.U.N. and Faculty X, Adam Alt of Circus Minor, and Frank Zummo of TheStart. To date the group have released four albums and have been part of tours such as Vans Warped Tour, Taste of Chaos, Thirty Seconds to Mars's Into the Wild Tour and Linkin Park's Projekt Revolution.

The group uses instruments such as drum kits, garbage cans, hand drums, acoustic, buckets, kitchenware, recycled aluminium, rain barrels, marching band equipment, and even power tools to produce a grinding effect during live shows and have performed with the likes of Thirty Seconds to Mars, Stomp, No Doubt, Bad Religion, Good Charlotte, Linkin Park, Atreyu, Strung Out, Alexisonfire and Deftones.  Bert McCracken of The Used and Airin Older of Sugarcult have performed with Street Drum Corps several times, and shared the stage with them for the song "Flaco 81".

The Bamboozle
The Bamboozle was an annual three-day music festival which was held in New Jersey from 2003 to 2012, and was scheduled for a 2023 revival in Atlantic City by its founder. Every year, new bands competed for spots during the two days. The event evolved out of the Skate and Surf Festival. The 2012 event was the final one of its original run, as founder John D'Esposito subsequently left Bamboozle due to creative differences with organizing partners.
The Lodge, Australia
The Lodge is the primary official residence of the prime minister of Australia. Located at 5 Adelaide Avenue in the Canberra suburb of Deakin, it is situated a short distance away from Parliament House. The Lodge is one of two official prime ministerial residences, the secondary residence being Kirribilli House in Sydney. The building was completed in 1927 in the Georgian revival style and since then twenty-three people have served as prime minister, six of whom chose to live elsewhere either full- or part-time during their tenure, and two who chose to live at Kirribilli House.

Hazel Hawke
Hazel Susan Hawke AO (née Masterson; 20 July 1929 – 23 May 2013) was the first wife of Bob Hawke, the 23rd prime minister of Australia. She married him in 1956, and supported him throughout his prime ministership (1983–1991); they divorced in 1994. She worked in social policy areas, and was an amateur pianist and a patron of the arts. After she was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, she made public appearances in order to raise awareness of the disease.
1973 Alaska's at-large congressional district special election
The 1973 Alaska's at-large congressional district special election was held on March 6, 1973, to elect the United States representative from Alaska's at-large congressional district. Incumbent Democratic Representative Nick Begich Sr. had won reelection in 1972, but had gone missing shortly before the election.

Begich's seat was declared vacant by a jury and a special election was ordered by Governor William A. Egan. Don Young, who had lost to Begich in 1972, won the Republican nomination without opposition while Emil Notti defeated Chancy Croft and Begich's widow Pegge Begich for the Democratic nomination. In the general election Young defeated Notti. Young would go on to hold the at-large seat until his death in 2022.

Alaska Democratic Party
The Alaska Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Alaska, headquartered in Anchorage.

It is one of two major parties in Alaska, alongside the Alaska Republican Party. The Democratic Party holds the Alaska Senate in a coalition government. As of 2020, there are over 75,000 registered members of the Alaska Democratic Party.
Dana Marton
Dana Marton is an American author of over fifty novels that have been translated into over a dozen languages and sold more than two million copies worldwide.  A New York Times and USA Today bestselling author, she writes fast-paced stories about strong women and honorable men who fight side by side for justice and survival.

RITA Award
The RITA Award, presented by the Romance Writers of America (RWA) from 1990 to 2019, was the most prominent award for English-language romance fiction. It was named for the RWA's first president, Rita Clay Estrada. After not being awarded in 2020, it was replaced by the Vivian Award, which was awarded once in 2021.
Lincoln's Inn
The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn, commonly known as Lincoln's Inn, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the bar in order to practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these inns. The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple, and Gray's Inn.

Lincoln's Inn is situated in Holborn, in the London Borough of Camden, just on the border with the City of London and the City of Westminster, and across the road from London School of Economics and Political Science, Royal Courts of Justice and King's College London's Maughan Library. The nearest tube station is Holborn tube station or Chancery Lane.

Lincoln's Inn is the largest Inn, covering 11 acres (4.5 hectares). It is believed to be named after Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln.

Inns of Court & City Yeomanry
The Inns of Court & City Yeomanry is a British Army unit formed through the amalgamation of The Inns of Court Regiment (The Devil's Own) and The City of London Yeomanry (Rough Riders) in 1961. Its lineage is maintained by 68 (Inns of Court & City Yeomanry) Signal Squadron and the Band of the Royal Yeomanry (Inns of Court & City Yeomanry).
Lakeshore, Mississippi
Lakeshore is an unincorporated community on the western end of Hancock County, Mississippi. It is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Lakeshore is located on the current CSX Transportation line and was a depot on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

A post office first began operation under the name Lakeshore in 1901.

CNN Correspondent Gary Tuchman, speaking of this small gulf coast community known as Lakeshore Mississippi, reported "no place was hit harder by Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005."

Lakeshore is the site of the Silver Slipper Casino.

Gulfport–Biloxi metropolitan area
The Gulfport–Biloxi Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the Mississippi Gulf Coast region that includes four counties – Hancock, Harrison, Jackson and Stone. The principal cities are Gulfport and Biloxi. The 2010 census placed the Gulfport-Biloxi MSA population at 388,488, though as of 2019, it was estimated to have increased to 417,665.  The area was significantly impacted by Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, and prior to the hurricane, had experienced steady to moderate population growth. However, growth has since rebounded, with the population steadily increasing every year throughout the 2010s.
Arena, Wisconsin
Arena is a village in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 844 at the 2020 census. The village is located within the Town of Arena. It is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Iowa County, Wisconsin
Iowa County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,709. Its county seat and largest city is Dodgeville. When created, it was part of the Michigan Territory. Iowa County is part of the Madison, Wisconsin, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Association of the German Farmers Associations
The Association of the German Farmers Associations (VdB) existed from 1900 to 1934 and was an amalgamation of Christian farmers’ organizations. From 1900 to 1916 it was called "Association of Christian German Farmers Associations" and from 1931 to 1934 it used the name "Association of German Christian Farmers Associations".

Agricultural League
The Agricultural League (German: Reichs-Landbund) or National Rural League was a German agrarian association during the Weimar Republic which was led by landowners with property east of the Elbe. It was allied with the German National People's Party and later the National Socialist German Workers' Party.
Jean Victor Constant de Rebecque
Jean Victor Constant de Rebecque or Jean Victor de Constant Rebecque (22 September 1773 – 12 June 1850) was a Swiss mercenary and member of the house of Constant de Rebecque who distinguished himself in Dutch service. As chief of staff of the Netherlands Mobile Army, he countermanded the order of the Duke of Wellington to evacuate Dutch troops from Quatre Bras on the eve of the Battle of Quatre Bras, thereby preventing Marshal Michel Ney from occupying that strategic crossroads.

Swiss mercenaries
The Swiss mercenaries were a powerful infantry force of professional soldiers originating from the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy. They were notable for their service in foreign armies, especially among the military forces of the kings of France, throughout the early modern period of European history, from the Late Middle Ages into the 19th century.

Their service as mercenaries was at its peak during the Renaissance, when their proven battlefield capabilities made them sought-after mercenary troops. There followed a period of decline, as technological and organizational advances counteracted the Swiss' advantages. Switzerland's military isolationism largely put an end to organized mercenary activity; the principal remnant of the practice is the Pontifical Swiss Guard at the Vatican.
Bounded quantifier
In the study of formal theories in mathematical logic, bounded quantifiers (also known as restricted quantifiers) are often included in a formal language in addition to the standard quantifiers "∀" and "∃". Bounded quantifiers differ from "∀" and "∃" in that bounded quantifiers restrict the range of the quantified variable. The study of bounded quantifiers is motivated by the fact that determining whether a sentence with only bounded quantifiers is true is often not as difficult as determining whether an arbitrary sentence is true.

Arithmetical hierarchy
In mathematical logic, the arithmetical hierarchy, arithmetic hierarchy or Kleene–Mostowski hierarchy (after mathematicians Stephen Cole Kleene and Andrzej Mostowski) classifies certain sets based on the complexity of formulas that define them.  Any set that receives a classification is called arithmetical.  The arithmetical hierarchy was invented independently by Kleene (1943) and Mostowski (1946).

The arithmetical hierarchy is important in computability theory, effective descriptive set theory, and the study of formal theories such as Peano arithmetic.

The Tarski–Kuratowski algorithm provides an easy way to get an upper bound on the classifications assigned to a formula and the set it defines.

The hyperarithmetical hierarchy and the analytical hierarchy extend the arithmetical hierarchy to classify additional formulas and sets.
Apatopygus occidentalis
Apatopygus occidentalis is a species of sea urchin of the family Apatopygidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Apatopygus and lives in the sea. Apatopygus occidentalis was first scientifically described in 1928 by Hubert Lyman Clark, American zoologist.

Apatopygus
Apatopygus is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Apatopygidae.

The species of this genus are found in Australia and New Zealand.

Species:

Apatopygus garciasanzi Forner, 2016

Apatopygus gaudensis Gatt, 2005

Apatopygus mannumensis Holmes, 1999

Apatopygus occidentalis H.L.Clark, 1938

Apatopygus recens (Milne Edwards, 1836)

Apatopygus vincentinus (Tate, 1891)
International Association of Geoanalysts
The International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG) is an international not-for-profit learned society dedicated to the advancement and promotion of geoanalytical science, the analysis of geological and environmental materials.

Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research
Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering reference materials, analytical techniques, and data quality relevant to the chemical analysis of geological and environmental samples. The journal was established in 1977 as Geostandards Newsletter and modified its title in 2004. The editors-in-chief are Thomas C. Meisel, Jacinta Enzweiler, Mary F. Horan, Kathryn L. Linge, Christophe R. Quétel and Paul J. Sylvester. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the International Association of Geoanalysts. The journal is a hybrid open-access journal, publishing both subscription and open access articles.
Ben Kweller
Benjamin Lev Kweller (born June 16, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist.

A former member of Radish, Kweller has released seven solo albums and appeared on several collaborations.

Sha Sha (album)
Sha Sha is the debut album by American indie rock singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and former Radish member Ben Kweller. The album was originally composed of outtakes from sessions for Radish's unreleased album Discount Fireworks.  It was self-released by Kweller, via CD-R, in 2000.  In 2002, ATO Records released a second version of the album with a radically different track listing featuring many new recordings and songs.
Anzob
Anzob (Tajik: Анзоб) is a village and jamoat in north-west Tajikistan. It is located in Ayni District in Sughd Region, in the Zarafshan Range, about 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Dushanbe. The jamoat has a total population of 8,238 (2015). It is located on the M34 highway and in the Yaghnob River valley. Anzob has a mining and beneficiation complex.

The Jamoat consists of 23 villages, including Takfon (the seat), Anzob, Bidev, Dehbaland, Dumzoy, Gharmayn, Kashi, Khishortob, Kiryonti, Marghtumayn, Nomitkon, Piskon, Qul, Tagichinor and Waghinzoy.

Marghtumayn
Marghtumayn (Tajik: Марғтумайн or Махтамайн Makhtamayn, Yaghnobi Марғтумайн) is a village in Sughd Region, northwestern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Anzob in the Ayni District, and located east of the village Anzob. Its population was 12 in 2007.
Joseph Gray (painter)
Joseph Gray (6 June 1890 – 1 May 1963) was a Durham-born painter and etcher of landscapes, architectural subjects and battlefield scenes. Some of his most evocative work hangs in the Imperial War Museum and different Regimental Museums throughout Britain.

Andrew Paterson (photographer)
Andrew Paterson 29 September 1877 – 15 December 1948) was a Scottish portrait photographer based in Inverness, known for his work with political, cultural, and commercial figures during the early 20th century.