hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protocol data unit
In telecommunications, a protocol data unit (PDU) is a single unit of information transmitted among peer entities of a computer network. It is composed of protocol-specific control information and user data. In the layered architectures of communication protocol stacks, each layer implements protocols tailored to the specific type or mode of data exchange.

For example, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) implements a connection-oriented transfer mode, and the PDU of this protocol is called a segment, while the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses datagrams as protocol data units for connectionless communication. A layer lower in the Internet protocol suite, at the Internet layer, the PDU is called a packet, irrespective of its payload type.

Frame (networking)
A frame is a digital data transmission unit in computer networking and telecommunications. In packet switched systems, a frame is a simple container for a single network packet. In other telecommunications systems, a frame is a repeating structure supporting time-division multiplexing.

A frame typically includes frame synchronization features consisting of a sequence of bits or symbols that indicate to the receiver the beginning and end of the payload data within the stream of symbols or bits it receives. If a receiver is connected to the system during frame transmission, it ignores the data until it detects a new frame synchronization sequence.
ISO 639:j
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with J.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:l
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with L.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation
The Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation (Ojibwe: mashkawabiidoong, In Syllabics, written as ᒪᐢᑯᐘᐲᑕᐣᐠ) is a Saulteaux band government in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include:

Last Mountain Lake 80A, shared with 6 other bands

Muscowpetung 80

Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77, shared with 32 other bands.

Last Mountain Lake 80A
Last Mountain Lake 80A is a shared Indian reserve in Saskatchewan, used by the Day Star, George Gordon, Kawacatoose, Muscowpetung, Muskowekwan, Pasqua, and Piapot First Nations. It is in Township 21, Range 21, west of the Second Meridian.

The reserve is located on the western shore of Last Mountain Lake, on the west side of Regina Beach. It surrounds Little Arm Bay, which is where Arm River flows into the lake. The hamlet of Kinookimaw is with the reserve.
Terrorism Act 2000
The Terrorism Act 2000 (c. 11) is the first of a number of general Terrorism Acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It superseded and repealed the Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989 and the Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1996. It also replaced parts of the Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998. The powers it provides the police have been controversial, leading to noted cases of alleged abuse, and to legal challenges in British and European courts. The stop-and-search powers under section 44 of the Act have been ruled illegal by the European Court of Human Rights.

Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998
The Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998 is a law passed in the United Kingdom, which came into force on 4 September 1998. It stipulated that it is an offence to participate in a conspiracy to carry out a course of conduct that leads to an offence in another jurisdiction. It gave courts in England and Wales the authority to try conspiracies to commit offences abroad. The law also provided stricter punishment for being a member of a terror group. Parts of it were replaced by the Terrorism Act 2000 and the Proceeds of Crime Act passed in 2002.
Haverfordwest Castle (electoral ward)
Haverfordwest Castle is an electoral ward in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It covers the centre of the town of Haverfordwest west of the river including the High Street, Winch Lane and north along Crowhill Road. It elects a councillor to Pembrokeshire County Council.

Castle ward also elects three community councillors to Haverfordwest Town Council.

According to the 2011 UK Census the population of the ward was 2,301 (with 1,855 of voting age).

Haverfordwest
Haverfordwest (/ˌhævərfərdˈwɛst/ HAV-ər-fərd-WEST, locally /ˈhɑːrfərdwɛst/ HAR-fərd-west; Welsh: Hwlffordd [ˈhʊlfɔrð]) is the county town of Pembrokeshire, Wales, and the most populous urban area in Pembrokeshire with a population of 14,596 in 2011. It is also a community consisting of 12,042 people, making it the second most populous community in the county after Milford Haven. The suburbs include the former parish of Prendergast, Albert Town and the residential and industrial areas of Withybush (housing, retail parks, hospital, airport and showground).

Haverfordwest has a strategic location: it was the lowest bridging point of the Western Cleddau before the Cleddau Bridge opened in 1975.
Big Comic Spirits
Big Comic Spirits (ビッグコミックスピリッツ, Biggu Komikku Supirittsu) is a weekly Japanese seinen manga magazine published by Shogakukan. The first issue was published on October 14, 1980. Food, sports, romance and business are recurring themes in the magazine, and the stories often question conventional values. The magazine is published every Monday. Circulation in 2008 averaged over 300,000 copies, but by 2015 had dropped to 168,250. In 2009, Shogakukan launched a sister magazine, Monthly Big Comic Spirits.

Shin Takahashi
Shin Takahashi (高橋しん, originally 高橋 真, Takahashi Shin, born September 8, 1967) is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known for his series Saikano (She, the Ultimate Weapon) and Kimi no Kakera. Inio Asano had a brief stint as his assistant during the creation of Saikano.
Abijah C. Jay House
Abijah C. Jay House is a historic home located at Marion, Indiana.  It was built in 1888, and is a two-story, Queen Anne style brick dwelling. It has a compound slate hipped roof with gables and wraparound front porch.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Marion, Indiana
Marion is a city in and the county seat of Grant County, Indiana, United States, along the Mississinewa River. The population was 28,310 as of the 2020 census. It is named for Francis Marion, a brigadier general from South Carolina in the American Revolutionary War.

The city is home to Indiana Wesleyan University, the largest evangelical Christian university in the Midwest and Indiana's largest private university, when online and regional campuses in Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and Illinois are included. The traditional campus enrolls about 2,800 students. Marion is the birthplace of actor James Dean and cartoonist Jim Davis, and was the location of the wedding of actress Julia Roberts and singer Lyle Lovett in 1993. Ronald Douglas Morrell Jr. is the city's first African American mayor and has been mayor since 2024.
Onamihime
Onamihime (阿南姫, July 4, 1541 – August 30, 1602) was a late-Sengoku period Onna-musha. She was the first daughter of Date Harumune, sister of Date Terumune and aunt of Date Masamune. She was the ruler of Sukagawa castle in Mutsu Province. She was best known for being a potential enemy of her nephew, Masamune, participating in several campaigns against expansion of the Date clan in the region of Ōshū.

Date Harumune
Date Harumune (伊達 晴宗, DAH-tay; 1519 – January 12, 1578) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period. Harumune was the fifteenth head of the Date Clan. He was the father of the sixteenth head, Date Terumune, and the grandfather of Date Masamune, the seventeenth head of the Date Clan.
In My Tribe
In My Tribe is the third studio album from the American alternative rock band 10,000 Maniacs. Released on July 27, 1987, by Elektra Records, it was their second major-label album and their first to achieve large-scale success. John Lombardo, Natalie Merchant's songwriting partner on previous albums, had left the band in 1986, and In My Tribe saw Merchant begin to collaborate with the other members of the band, most notably with Rob Buck.

Peace Train
"Peace Train" is a 1971 song by Cat Stevens, taken from his album Teaser and the Firecat. The song climbed to No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart during the week of November 6, 1971, becoming Stevens' first US Top 10 hit. The song also spent three weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart. It is also featured on The Very Best of Cat Stevens compilation album. He re-recorded the song for the charity War Child in 2003.

Record World called it a "beautiful follow-up to 'Moonshadow' and 'Wild World' [sic]" and praised the "delightful production."

In the album version, the instrumental ending features a string section which drops out leaving the solo acoustic guitar playing of Cat Stevens, before the song's fade.
Sangareddy Municipal Council
The Sangareddy Municipality, classified as a first grade municipality with 38 election wards, was created in 1954. It is the urban local body of the town of Sangareddy. The jurisdiction of the civic body is spread over an area of 24.58 km2 (9.49 sq mi).

Sangareddy
Sangareddy, formerly Sangareddipet is a city and district headquarters of the Sangareddy district in the Indian state of Telangana. It was named on Rani Shankaramma's father name Sangareddy, Shankaramma was a ruler of Andole dynasty during the Nizam era.Sangareddy district is located in western part of Telangana state. Sengareddy is the largest city in the Sangareddy district and the sixth largest city in the state.
Hamburger Flugzeugbau
Hamburger Flugzeugbau (HFB) was an aircraft manufacturer, located primarily in the Finkenwerder quarter of Hamburg, Germany. Established in 1933 as an offshoot of Blohm & Voss shipbuilders, it later became an operating division within its parent company and was known as Abteilung Flugzeugbau der Schiffswerft Blohm & Voss from 1937 until it ceased operation at the end of World War II. In the postwar period it was revived as an independent company under its original name and subsequently joined several consortia before being merged to form Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB). It participates in the present day Airbus and European aerospace programs.

Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport
Airbus Hamburg-Finkenwerder, also known as Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport (IATA: XFW, ICAO: EDHI), is an aircraft manufacturing plant and associated private airport in the Finkenwerder quarter of southwest Hamburg, Germany. The airport is an integral part of the Airbus-owned plant, and is exclusively used by that company for corporate, freight, test, and delivery flights with the final assembly of the A320neo family of aircraft being conducted here.
Black Hills (Riverside County)
The Black Hills are a small and low mountain range in the northern Peninsular Ranges System, in Riverside County, California, United States. Its summit is 2,739 feet (835 m).

They are located east of the city of Temecula. Oak Mountain is to the south of the hills.

Oak Mountain (Riverside County)
Oak Mountain is a mountain in the northern Peninsular Ranges System, in Riverside County, in southern California.

Oak Mountain consists of a mountain with two peaks, the northern at 2,706 feet (825 m), taller than the southern at 2,126 feet (648 m), which is located east of the city of Temecula, dividing Pauba Valley from Butterfield Valley. The two peaks of the mountain are divided by the gorge of Temecula Creek Canyon which has Vail Lake Dam at its head. The Vail Lake reservoir is to the east of its southern peak and southeast of its northern peak and at the base of the mountain. The Black Hills lie to the north of the mountain and Agua Tibia Mountain lies to its south.

The northern peak is located at 33°30′57″N 116°58′38″W﻿ / ﻿33.51583°N 116.97722°W﻿ / 33.51583; -116.97722.
The southern peak is located at 33°29′11″N 117°00′40″W﻿ / ﻿33.48639°N 117.01111°W﻿ / 33.48639; -117.01111.
Joy Cup
The Joy Cup was an annual men's professional team golf competition between teams representing the British Isles and the Rest of Europe. It was played from 1954 to 1958. The British Isles won all four contests that were played. The trophy was provided by the Jean Patou company and named after Joy perfume that they produced. The concept of a match between Great Britain/Ireland and Continental Europe was revived with the Hennessy Cognac Cup in 1974.

Hennessy Cognac Cup
The Hennessy Cognac Cup was a biennial team golf tournament contested from 1976 to 1984. The contests in 1976, 1978 and 1980 were between teams of professional male golfers; one team representing Great Britain and Ireland, the other team representing Continental Europe. There was also an earlier event, in 1974, played at Sotogrande in Spain, not sponsored by Hennessy. In 1982 a third team, the Rest of the World, was added and the event became a stroke-play contest with an individual prize. The 1984 event was run on a different basis, with 10 national teams competing. The tournament was played in years when there was no Ryder Cup.

The first matches between a team representing Great Britain and Ireland and a team representing Continental Europe were played for the Joy Cup from 1954 to 1958. The concept was restarted with the Seve Trophy in 2000.
Bedford Colliery disaster
The Bedford Colliery disaster occurred on Friday 13 August 1886 when an explosion of firedamp caused the death of 38 miners at Bedford No.2 Pit, at Bedford, Leigh in what then was Lancashire. The colliery, sunk in 1884 and known to be a "fiery pit", was owned by John Speakman.

Bedford, Greater Manchester
Bedford is a suburb of Leigh, in the Wigan district, in the county of Greater Manchester, England. It was one of three ancient townships, Bedford, Pennington and Westleigh, that merged in 1875 to form the town of Leigh. Historically, Bedford was in Lancashire.
Thyssenkrupp Materials Services
Thyssenkrupp Materials Services GmbH (tkMX) (stylized thyssenkrupp) is the material trading subsidiary of German industrial group thyssenkrupp AG. It is a global materials distributor, providing logistics and processing services for materials such as steel and plastics. The company is headquartered in Essen, Germany.

ThyssenKrupp
ThyssenKrupp AG (/ˈtɪsən.krʊp/, German: [ˌtʏsn̩ˈkʁʊp]) is a German industrial engineering and steel production company. It resulted from the 1999 merger of Thyssen AG and Krupp and has its operational headquarters in Duisburg and Essen. The company says that it is one of the largest steel producers in the world, and it was ranked tenth-largest worldwide by revenue in 2015.  It is divided into 670 subsidiaries worldwide. The largest shareholders are the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation and Cevian Capital. ThyssenKrupp's products range from machines  and industrial services to high-speed trains, elevators, and shipbuilding. The subsidiary ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems also manufactures frigates, corvettes, and submarines for the German and other navies.
Deriugins School
The Deriugina School, also known as the Deriugins' School is a rhythmic gymnastics club in Kyiv, Ukraine. It was run for many years by the mother and daughter team of Albina Deriugina, who was the head coach for many years and died in 2023 at the age of 91, and Irina Deriugina, who acted as the assistant coach and later became the head coach. Irina's daughter, Iryna Blokhina, works in the school as a senior choreographer.

Every year since 1992 the club plays host to the biggest rhythmic gymnastics competition in Ukraine, The Deriugina Cup (Кубок Дерюгіної).

The main training centre of the club is the October Palace in Kyiv.

Tamara Yerofeeva
Tamara Anatoliyivna Yerofeyeva (Ukrainian: Тамара Анатоліївна Єрофеєва, Russian: Тамара Анатольевна Ерофеева; born 4 March 1982) also written Tamara Yerofeeva, is a former Ukrainian individual rhythmic gymnast. She was all-around World Champion, multiple-time World Cup winner, World Universiade winner, and an Olympic Games finalist. Yerofeyeva was a member of the national team from 1996 to 2004 and won more than 300 medals for Ukraine at various competitions.

She currently lives in Las Vegas, USA. She performed her solo hoops act at different shows, including Cirque Du Soleil, Spiegelworld, and David Saxe Productions, and now she organizes series of very popular rhythmic gymnastics agg competitions “Tamara Cup” and works as the head coach at a rhythmic gymnastics club “Rhythmic Gymnastics of Las Vegas”.
Opaka Rocks
Opaka Rocks (Bulgarian: скали Опака, ‘Skali Opaka’ ska-'li 'o-pa-ka) are a group of rocks with the principal one situated 700 m (766 yd) north of Henfield Rock, 3.44 km (2.14 mi) east of Pordim Islands and 4.79 km west by south of Mellona Rocks off the north coast of Robert Island, South Shetland Islands.  Bulgarian early early mapping in 2009.  Named after the town of Opaka in northeastern Bulgaria.

Mellona Rocks
Mellona Rocks is a group of scattered rocks lying at the north entrance to Nelson Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and extending 1.7 by 0.9 km (1.06 by 0.56 mi).  The area was known to the early 19th-century sealers and sometimes included under the names 'Heywood Islands' or 'Powels Islands'.

The feature is named after the British sealing ship Mellona under Captain Thomas Johnson that operated in the South Shetlands in 1821–22.
KCMH (FM)
KCMH (91.5 MHz) is an FM radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format. Licensed to Mountain Home, Arkansas, United States, the station is currently owned by Christian Broadcasting Group of Mountain Home, Inc., and features programming from USA Radio Network.

Mountain Home, Arkansas
Mountain Home is a city in and the county seat of Baxter County, Arkansas, United States, in the southern Ozark Mountains near the northern state border with Missouri. As of the 2020 census, Mountain Home had a population of 12,825. A total of 41,307 persons lived within the city and micropolitan area combined, which encompasses the majority of Baxter County.
Germantown, Kentucky
Germantown is a home rule-class city in Bracken and Mason counties in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The population was 146 at the 2020 census.

The Bracken County portion of Germantown is part of the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky metropolitan area, while the Mason County portion is part of the Maysville micropolitan area.

Mason County, Kentucky
Mason County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,120.  Its county seat is Maysville. The county was created from Bourbon County, Virginia in 1788 and named for George Mason, a Virginia delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights".
Mason County comprises the Maysville, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Cincinnati-Wilmington-Maysville, OH-KY-IN Combined Statistical Area.
Springdale, Wisconsin
Springdale is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,056 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated communities of Klevenville, Mount Vernon, and Riley are located in the town.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Cinesound Productions
Cinesound Productions Pty Ltd was an Australian feature film production company. Established in June 1931, Cinesound developed out of a group of companies centred on Greater Union Theatres that covered all facets of the film process, from production to distribution and exhibition.
Cinesound Productions established a film studio as a subsidiary of Greater Union Theatres Pty Ltd based on the Hollywood model. The first production was On Our Selection (1932), which was an enormous financial success.

Australasian Films
Australasian Films, full name Union Theatres and Australasian Films, was an Australian film distribution and production company formed in 1913 that was wound up in the 1930s to merge into Greater Union. The Union Theatres and Australasian Films dominated cinema in Australia in the 1910s and 1920s.
Dahalik language
Dahalik (ዳሃሊክ [haka (na)] dahālík, "[language (of)] the people of Dahlak"; also Dahaalik, Dahlik, Dahlak) is an  endangered Afroasiatic language spoken exclusively in the Dahlak Archipelago in Eritrea. Its speech area is off the coast of Massawa, on three islands in the Dahlak Archipelago: Dahlak Kebir, Nora, and Dehil.

Dahalik belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family's Semitic branch, a member of the Ethiopic group, and is closely related to Tigre and Tigrinya. It is said to be not mutually intelligible with Tigre and, according to Simeone-Senelle, is sufficiently different to be considered a separate language. However, there are those who disagree.

Ethio-Semitic languages
Ethio-Semitic (also Ethiopian Semitic, Ethiosemitic, Ethiopic or Abyssinian) is a family of languages spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan. They form the western branch of the South Semitic languages, itself a sub-branch of Semitic, part of the Afroasiatic language family.

With 57,500,000 total speakers as of 2019, including around 25,100,000 second language speakers, Amharic is the most widely spoken of the group, the most widely spoken language of Ethiopia and second-most widely spoken Semitic language in the world after Arabic. Tigrinya has 7 million speakers and is the most widely spoken language in Eritrea. Tigre is the second-most spoken language in Eritrea, and has also a small population of speakers in Sudan. The Geʽez language has a literary history in its own script starting in the 1st century. Geʽez is no longer spoken, but remains the liturgical language of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches, as well as their respective Eastern Catholic counterparts.
IBMX
IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), like other methylxanthine derivatives, is both a:

competitive non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNFα and leukotriene synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity, and

nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist.

As a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IBMX has IC50 = 2–50 μM and does not inhibit PDE8 or PDE9.

Xanthine
Xanthine (/ˈzænθiːn/ or /ˈzænθaɪn/, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós 'yellow' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. Several stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.

Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation.

It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase.

It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase.

It is also created from xanthosine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme.