hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 in Japan
Events in the year 2012 in Japan.

The year 2012 corresponded to the year Heisei 24 (平成24年) in the Japanese calendar. It means the Year of dragon when the 12th day is done it beings the Year of the rat.

Heisei era
The Heisei era (平成; Japanese: [heːseː] ⓘ) was the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Akihito from 8 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. The Heisei era started on 8 January 1989, the day after the death of the Emperor Hirohito, when his son, Akihito, acceded to the throne as the 125th emperor of Japan. In accordance with Japanese customs, Hirohito was posthumously renamed "Emperor Shōwa" on 31 January 1989.

Thus, 1989 corresponds to Shōwa 64 up until 7 January and Heisei 1 (平成元年, Heisei gannen; gannen means "first year") from 8 January. The Heisei era ended on 30 April 2019 (Heisei 31), with the abdication of Akihito from the Chrysanthemum Throne. It was succeeded by the Reiwa era as then-crown prince Naruhito ascended the throne on 1 May midnight local time.
Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi
Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi (transl. Mother, Father And a Tamil Girl) is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language sports drama film directed by Puri Jagannadh. The film stars Ravi Teja, Asin with Jayasudha, Prakash Raj, Ali, and Subbaraju play supporting roles. The film released on 19 April 2003. It marks Asin's debut in Telugu cinema.

It was first remade in Odia as Katha Deithili Maa Ku, in Tamil as M. Kumaran Son of Mahalakshmi, in Kannada as Maurya, and in Bhojpuri as Jigarwala. In the Tamil version, Asin, Prakash Raj and Aishwarya reprised their roles. It was declared a blockbuster at the box-office and was one of the highest-grossing Telugu films of the year.

Maurya (film)
Maurya is a 2004 Kannada language sports drama film directed by S. Narayan. The film starred Puneeth Rajkumar, Roja Selvamani and Meera Jasmine in lead roles. This film is produced by Rockline Venkatesh. It is the remake of 2003 Telugu movie, Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi.
Glennon Patrick Flavin
Glennon Patrick Flavin (March 2, 1916 – August 27, 1995) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Lincoln in Nebraska from 1967 to 1992.  He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of St. Louis in Missouri from 1957 to 1967.

Archdiocese of St. Louis
The Archdiocese of St. Louis (Latin: Archidiœcesis Sancti Ludovici) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. Mitchell Thomas Rozanski is the archbishop; the see church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis.
Nokia N77
The Nokia N77 is a 3G mobile phone from Nokia, introduced on 12 February 2007 and released in June 2007. It runs on Symbian 9.1 (S60 3rd Edition). The N77's specs were somewhat basic compared with most Nseries devices at the time, but it included a DVB-H television tuner. As stated in Nokia's press release, the N77 was designed as a low-cost mobile TV to accelerate DVB-H adoption. Sporting a candybar design similar to the N73, it was the company's second DVB-H device after the N92, though it did have a smaller screen. The N77 was thus only available in limited DVB-H markets and are now hard to come by.

Nokia Nseries
The Nokia Nseries was a high-end lineup of feature phones, smartphones, and tablets marketed by Nokia Corporation from 2005 to 2011. The Nseries devices commonly supported multiple high-speed wireless technologies at the time, such as 3G, or Wireless LAN. Digital multimedia services, such as music playback, photo/video capture or viewing, gaming or internet services were the central focus of the lineup. The lineup was replaced in 2011 by the Nokia Lumia line as the company's primary smartphone lineup.

The Nokia N1 tablet was introduced in November 2014 and so revived the 'N' prefix, but it was not marketed as 'Nseries'.
Culture of Greece
The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Minoan and later in Mycenaean Greece, continuing most notably into Classical Greece, while influencing the Roman Empire and its successor the Byzantine Empire.  Other cultures and states such as the Frankish states, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian Republic and Bavarian and Danish monarchies have also left their influence on modern Greek culture.

Modern democracies owe a debt to Greek beliefs in government by the people, trial by jury, and equality under the law. The ancient Greeks pioneered in many fields that rely on systematic thought, including biology, geometry, history, philosophy, and physics. They introduced important literary forms as epic and lyric poetry, history, tragedy, and comedy. In their pursuit of order and proportion, the Greeks created an ideal of beauty that strongly influenced Western art.

Odysseas Elytis
Odysseas Elytis (/ɛˈliːtɪs/; Greek: Οδυσσέας Ελύτης [oðiˈseas eˈlitis], pen name of Odysseas Alepoudelis, Greek: Οδυσσέας Αλεπουδέλης; 2 November 1911 – 18 March 1996) was a Greek poet, man of letters, essayist and translator, regarded as the definitive exponent of romantic modernism in Greece and the world. He is one of the most praised poets of the second half of the twentieth century, with his Axion Esti "regarded as a monument of contemporary poetry". In 1979, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Antonio Barbaro
Antonio Barbaro (1627-1678), son of Marc'Antonio, was a Venetian general and governor, a member of the patrician Barbaro family of Venice (now Italy), who held positions in Crete, Dalmatia and Rome. Barbaro lived at a time when Venice had a maritime empire in the Mediterranean.

Barbaro served in Candia (now Heraklion), Crete during the long-lasting Siege of Candia. He was Captain of the Gulf from 1655 to 1656, and in 1667 he became Provveditore generale di Candia.

Barbaro also served in the Balkans; from 1670 he became the provveditore generale of Venetian Dalmatia and Venetian Albania.   He was Provveditore general of Zara from 1670 to 1672.

Antonio Barbaro was Podesta of Padua in 1672. In 1676 he served as a ambassador to Rome. He also served as Proveditor general of an army against the Uscocchi, Captain in the Battle of the Dardanelles, and conquered Zara.

Barbaro family
The Barbaro family (Italian pronunciation: ['bar.ba.ro]) was a patrician family of Venice. They were wealthy and influential and owned large estates in the Veneto above Treviso.: 112  Various members were noted as church leaders, diplomats, patrons of the arts, military commanders, philosophers, scholars, and scientists.: 150 : 275
Possessed (roller coaster)
Possessed is an inverted impulse launched roller coaster located at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Manufactured by Intamin and designed by Werner Stengel, the roller coaster originally debuted at Six Flags Ohio amusement park as Superman: Ultimate Escape on May 5, 2000. After Cedar Fair purchased the park and restored its Geauga Lake name in early 2004, the coaster was immediately renamed Steel Venom. The ride closed in 2006 and was moved to Dorney Park. It reopened in 2008 briefly under the name Voodoo, and was renamed Possessed for the 2009 season. The model is identical to five other impulse coaster installations at other amusement parks. A larger version called Wicked Twister was located at Cedar Point until its closure in September 2021.

Wicked Twister
Wicked Twister was an inverted roller coaster located at Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. Designed by Werner Stengel, it was a second-generation, double-twisting Impulse model manufactured by Intamin. Wicked Twister opened as the tallest and fastest inverted coaster in the world on May 5, 2002. It was retired by the park on September 6, 2021, closed on September 7, and gave over 16 million rides during its lifetime.
Shpend Ahmeti
Shpend Ali Ahmeti (born 18 April 1978, Pristina) is a Kosovar politician who served as the mayor of Pristina. He was leader of the New Spirit Party, which merged into Vetëvendosje in 2011, and served as their vice chairman. However, after internal disputes he left the party in 2018 to become the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Kosovo. In 2019 he became an independent politician.

Ahmeti lectured public policy at the American University in Kosovo before he became mayor.

In the first round of elections on 3 November 2013, Ahmeti was around 8,000 votes behind Isa Mustafa, but in the second round on 1 December 2013 he won by around 2,500 votes. Mustafa accused Ahmeti of fraud. Ahmeti's win was eventually confirmed, ending 15 years of LDK tenure in the capital of Kosovo.

In October 2017 he ran in the local elections as a candidate of Vetëvendosje again and successfully managed to keep his position as mayor of Prishtina.

Isa Mustafa
Isa Mustafa ([iˈsa musˈtafa] ⓘ; born 15 May 1951) is a Kosovar retired politician. Mustafa was the mayor of Pristina from December 2007 to December 2013 and served as the prime minister of Kosovo between December 2014 and September 2017. He was the leader of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) between 2010 and 2021.
Mihi, New Zealand
Mihi  is a rural community in Rotorua Lakes within the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located on the northern banks of the Waikato River, near the mouth of the Waiotapu Stream, and just off State Highway 5.

Rotorua Lakes District
Rotorua Lakes District or Rotorua District is a territorial authority district in the North Island of New Zealand. It has one urban area of significant size, the city of Rotorua. The district is governed by Rotorua Lakes Council, which is headquartered in Rotorua and is headed by a mayor. The district falls within two regional council areas, with the majority of the area and Rotorua city in the Bay of Plenty Region and the rest in the Waikato region. Tania Tapsell has been the mayor of Rotorua since the 2022 local elections.
Cross country and biathlon center Fabio Canal
The Cross country and biathlon center Fabio Canàl (in italian: Centro del fondo e del biathlon Fabio Canal), until December 2018 named Lago di Tésero Cross Country Stadium (in italian: Stadio del fondo di Lago di Tesero) is a sport venue located in the village of Lago, in the municipality of Tésero (Fiemme Valley), in Trentino, northern Italy. It is currently hosting cross-country skiing and nordic combined for the 2026 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.

Marcialonga
Marcialonga is a cross-country ski race which is arranged for the last Sunday in January in Trentino in Italy. It was first held in 1971 and is part of the international Worldloppet federation of ski marathons.

The run begins in Moena, where the skiers first go further up Fassa Valley and along Canazei, passing Moena on its way alongside Cavalese in the Fiemme Valley.

Marcialonga runs in classic style, and is 70 km long, but in 2007, 2015 and 2017, it was shortened to 57 km due to snow problems. In 1975, 1989 and 1990 it was cancelled due to the total lack of snow on the track.  A shorter race, Marcialonga light, is 45 km, and goes from Moena to Predazzo.

Official Tour Operators to Marcialonga for English speaking skiers are Globalrunners based in Europe and Lumi Experiences based in Vermont, USA.

Maria Canins won the Marcialonga 10 times from 1979 until 1988.
Arado E.555
The Arado E.555 was a long range strategic bomber proposed by the German Arado company during World War II in response to the RLM's Amerikabomber project. The E.555 designation was applied to a series of long range jet bomber designs of various sizes, powerplant, crew and weapon load configurations. As design studies only, no aircraft were developed or constructed and the entire E.555 project was cancelled at the end of 1944.

Arado Flugzeugwerke
Arado Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturer, originally established as the Warnemünde factory of the Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen firm, which produced land-based military aircraft and seaplanes during the First and Second World Wars.
Melcombe Regis railway station
Melcombe Regis was a station on the Portland Branch Railway in the English county of Dorset. Opened in April 1909, it was sited at the north end of the bridge over Radipole Lake. The station was built to enable Portland branch passengers to go to Weymouth without the need for the branch train to reverse to enter Weymouth railway station. The branch junction was to the north of Weymouth station and faced Dorchester. The station was closed officially, along with the branch, on 3 March 1952. However, the station continued to be used for overflow from the adjacent Weymouth station, particularly on summer Saturdays: regularly until 12 September 1959 and irregularly for a while after that.

Operated by the Great Western Railway, the station was placed in the Western Region when the railways were nationalised in 1948.

Goods trains continued to pass the site on their way to the Admiralty sites on Portland until 1965.

Weymouth railway station
Weymouth is the main railway station serving the town of Weymouth, in Dorset, England; the other is at Upwey, which is located north of the town centre. It is the southern terminus of both the South West Main Line, 142 miles 64 chains (229.8 km) down the line from London Waterloo, and the Heart of Wessex Line from Bristol Temple Meads and Gloucester, 168 miles 63 chains (271.6 km) from London Paddington.
Colt Canada C7
The Colt Canada C7 is the Canadian military's adoption of Colt's Armalite AR-15 platform, manufactured by Colt Canada (formerly Diemaco), having similar design and function to the M16A3.

The C7 and its variants have been adopted as the standard-issue rifle by the militaries of Canada, Norway (special forces only), Denmark and the Netherlands. Following trials, C8 variants are general-issue firearms for the United Kingdom's Special Forces. The C8A1 is also the standard firearm of the Royal Netherlands Air Force and other specialist users within the Dutch and British militaries. It has been used in various combat deployments by Canadian, British, Norwegian, Dutch, and Danish forces in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Mali.

Heckler & Koch AG-C/EGLM
The AG-C/EGLM is a single-shot 40 mm underbarrel grenade launcher that attaches to assault rifles of various types. It is manufactured by Heckler and Koch and is derived from the AG36. EGLM stands for "Enhanced Grenade Launching Module".  A stand-alone variant exists. The device attaches under the barrel.  A separate sighting system is added to rifles fitted with the AG-C/EGLM, as the rifle's standard sights are not matched to the launcher. The AG-C/EGLM can fire high-explosive, smoke, illuminating, buckshot direct fire, CS gas, and training grenades.
Port Krym
Port Krym (Russian: Порт Крым, Ukrainian: Порт Крим,  Crimean Tatar: Qırım Limanı - literally Port Crimea) is a port in Crimea. It is located on the western shore of Kerch Strait, in the north-eastern part of Kerch city near a settlement of Zhukivka. Next to the port is located the Krym railway station.

Port Krym had the Kerch Strait ferry connection with Port Kavkaz on the eastern (Russian) shore of the strait. The port is also a base for pilot boats which guide navigation through the Strait of Kerch. The port is served by a fleet of three ships which were the property of the Ukrainian State Company "Kerch Ferry" as well as two more ships of the Russian company "ANShIP" which provides railroad ferry connection.

Port Krym was a transition point on the E97 (M17) where it terminated and resumed on the Russian coast at the Port Kavkaz. The type of crossing was ferry, status - local. The types of transportation crossings were passenger and freight.

Port Krym railway station
Krym (Ukrainian: Крим, Russian: Крым) is a railway station that is located in the city of Kerch in Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine, but de facto under control and administration of Russia.

The station is an important transportation hub. The station serves passengers and freight trains. Among the services provided at the station is only embarkment and disembarkment of passengers for commuter and regional lines. In a close vicinity is located Port Krym where trains are being transported by a train ferry.
Clerics of Saint Viator
The Clerics of Saint Viator (French: Clercs de Saint-Viateur), abbreviated C.S.V. and also known as the Viatorians is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men (priest, brothers and lay associates) founded in Lyon, France, in 1831 by Father Louis Querbes. Its patron, Saint Viator, was a 4th-century catechist in Lyon. The institute spread from its origins in France to Canada and later to the United States; it now has provinces and missions all over the world. They are a teaching order and are involved in parish ministries and all levels of education, from grade school through university. Its members add the nominal letters C.S.V. after their names to indicate membership in the congregation.

Teaching order
A teaching order is a Catholic religious institute whose particular charism is education. Many orders and societies sponsor educational programs and institutions, and teaching orders participate in other charitable and spiritual activities; a teaching order is distinguished in that education is a primary mission.
Hilltop, Manitoba
Hilltop is a rural community in the Municipality of Clanwilliam – Erickson and is a mixed agricultural area.

Historically, the area was settled by Scandinavian immigrants, mainly from Sweden, starting in the 1880s. The community opened a post office in 1900 located on 19-17-17W and a one-room school was located on NE 24-17-18W. The other establishment which still is operational is a Baptist church founded by the early settlers and named after the locality.

To the north of Hilltop lies Scandinavia, which was settled during the same period and with the same immigrant mix.

Scandinavia, Manitoba
Scandinavia is a locality in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is located in the northern portion of the Municipality of Clanwilliam – Erickson and south of Riding Mountain National Park. The Post Office was located on 7-18-17W and opened in 1886 with Jems Hemmingsen as postmaster. It closed in 1968. A School District of the same name was located on 6-18-17W.

The locality's name likely came from the early settlers or the postmaster and referred to the Scandinavian settlers who were the first European people to inhabit the area. The locality to the south of Scandinavia was Hilltop and was settled during the same period with mainly Swedish immigrants.
Kinnow
The kinnow is a high yield mandarin hybrid cultivated extensively in the wider Punjab region of India and Pakistan.

It is a hybrid of two citrus cultivars — 'King' (Citrus nobilis) × 'Willow Leaf' (Citrus × deliciosa) — first developed by Howard B. Frost, at the University of California Citrus Experiment Station. After evaluation, the kinnow was released as a new citrus hybrid for commercial cultivation in 1935.

Citrus × deliciosa
Citrus × deliciosa (thorny (Australia), amarillo, beladi, Willowleaf Mandarin, Mediterranean Mandarin) is a citrus hybrid mandarin orange with just under 6 % pomelo ancestry. It is related to the ponkan.

It has been widely grown around the Mediterranean since it appeared in Italy (between 1810 and 1818), but was not found in the orient until it was exported there. It is one of the most commercially important citrus. Its sweet fruit is eaten, its rind oil is used to flavour food and drinks, and petitgrain oil is extracted from the pruned leaves. Its flowers (particularly petals) are also rich in essential oils.
Peroidas
Peroidas or Peroedas (Ancient Greek: Περοίδας), son of Menestheus, was hipparch  of the ile of Hetairoi from Anthemus from the beginning of the campaign of Alexander the Great. At the Battle of Issus, his squadron was transferred, along with that of Pantordanus, from the left to the right wing before the battle began (Arrian 2.9.3).

Pantordanus
Pantordanus or Pantordanos (Greek: Παντόρδανος), son of Cleander, was hipparch of the ile of Hetairoi of Leugaea from the beginning of the campaign of Alexander the Great. At the Battle of Issus, he occupied at first the left wing but then being transferred (along with the squadron of Peroidas) to the right, just as the battle began (A 2.9.3). Nothing further is known of him. At the battle of Gaugamela both Peroidas and Pantordanus had been replaced.
Carasco
Carasco is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Genoa in the Val Fontanabuona.

Carasco borders the following municipalities: Chiavari, Cogorno, Leivi, Mezzanego, Ne, San Colombano Certénoli.

Cogorno
Cogorno (Italian: [koˈɡorno], Ligurian: [kuˈɡuɾnu]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Genoa. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,316 and an area of 9.1 square kilometres (3.5 sq mi). Cogorno borders the municipalities of Carasco, Chiavari, Lavagna, and Ne.

The municipality of Cogorno contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) San Salvatore, Panesi, Monticelli, and Breccanecca.

The maternal family of Pope Francis is from Cogorno, and he is buried in stone from the region.
Pandosia (Epirus)
Pandosia (Ancient Greek: Πανδοσία) was an ancient Greek city of Epirus. Together with the other Elean colonies Bucheta and Elatea it was a city of the Cassopaeans, who were a sub-tribe of the Thesprotians. It was located south of the river Acheron.

Cassopaei
The Cassopaei (Greek: Κασσωπαῖοι) were an ancient Greek tribe living in ancient Epirus and occupying the coast between Thesprotia and the Ambracian Gulf, and bordering upon Nicopolis. Their chief town was Cassope (Κασσώπη). The Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax describes the Cassopaei as living in villages; but they afterwards rose to such power as to obtain possession of Pandosia, Buchaetium, and Elateia. We learn from another authority that Batiae was also in their territory.
Dacre Bears
The Dacre Bears are four sculptures, likely of medieval date, which stand in the churchyard of the Church of St Andrew in the village of Dacre, Cumbria, England. Their date of construction is uncertain and their purpose is unknown. The statues are heavily eroded. Each is a Grade II* listed structure.

Dacre, Cumbria
Dacre (English: /ˈdeɪkər/) is a small village, civil parish and electoral ward in the Lake District National Park in the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority area of Cumbria, England, but historically in the traditional county of Cumberland. In the 2001 census, the parish, which includes Newbiggin and Stainton, had a population of 1,326, increasing to 1,438 at the 2011 Census.

Dacre is situated about 5 miles (8 km) west of Penrith and contains St Andrew's Parish Church, an ancient castle, and the Horse & Farrier pub. Nearby is the small stately home of Dalemain. Dacre Beck is a major tributary of the River Eamont.

Although Dacre is a small place in itself, its civil parish is quite large and includes the villages and hamlets of Stainton, Redhills, Newbiggin, Great Blencow and Soulby. Stainton is by far the largest place in the parish and is a dormitory village of Penrith.