hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isaac Graham
Isaac Graham (April 15, 1800 – November 8, 1863) was a fur trader, mountain man, and land grant owner in 19th century California.

In 1830, he joined a hunting and trapping party at Fort Smith, Arkansas that included George Nidever. Graham attended the Rendezvous at Pierre's Hole and took part in the battle of Pierre's Hole, in present-day Idaho.

From there, Graham's path to California is unclear. He may have joined Joseph R. Walker's party, or joined one of the groups led by Ewing Young. His son later claimed that Graham came by way of Oregon, while his daughter said he took a southern route through Chihuahua.

The next positive evidence finds him at Natividad on the Rancho La Natividad, northeast of present-day Salinas, in Mexican Alta California. With partners Henry Naile and William Ware, Graham established a distillery to supplement declining incomes from fur trading, owing to dwindling numbers of sea otters from the Central Coast.

Felton, California
Felton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. The population was 4,489 as of 2020 census and according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.6 square miles (12 km2), all of it land.
Winagami sill complex
The Winagami sill complex, also called the Winagami sills, is a Paleoproterozoic large igneous province of northwestern Alberta, Canada. It consists of a series of related sills that were formed between 1.89 and 1.76 billion years ago. The Winagami sill complex covers an area of 120,000 km2 (46,000 sq mi).

Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including intrusive (sills, dikes) and extrusive (lava flows, tephra deposits), arising when magma travels through the crust towards the surface. The formation of LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with divergent plate tectonics. The formation of some of the LIPs in the past 500 million years coincide in time with mass extinctions and rapid climatic changes, which has led to numerous hypotheses about causal relationships. LIPs are fundamentally different from any other currently active volcanoes or volcanic systems.
Llanfair Talhaiarn
Llanfair Talhaiarn (Welsh: Llanfair Talhaearn), abbreviated to Llanfair TH, is a village and community approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Abergele in Conwy county borough, Wales.  Until 1974 it was included in Denbighshire. The population was 979 in 2001, increasing to 1,070 at the 2011 census with 44% being Welsh language speakers.

Abergele
Abergele (Welsh: [ˌabɛrˈɡɛlɛ]; pronunciationⓘ) is a market town and community, situated on the north coast of Wales between the holiday resorts of Colwyn Bay and Rhyl, in Conwy County Borough. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Denbighshire. Its northern suburb of Pensarn lies on the Irish Sea coast. The town is served by Abergele and Pensarn railway station, which is by the coast at Pensarn.
Fast-moving consumer goods
Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) are products that are sold quickly and at a relatively low cost. Examples include non-durable household goods such as packaged foods, beverages, toiletries, candies, cosmetics, over-the-counter drugs, dry goods, and other consumables.

Fast-moving consumer goods have a high inventory turnover and are contrasted with specialty items, which have lower sales and higher inventory holding costs. Many retailers carry only FMCGs, particularly hypermarkets, big box stores, and warehouse club stores. Small convenience stores also stock fast-moving goods; the limited shelf space is filled with higher-turnover items.

Final good
A final good or consumer good is a final product ready for sale that is used by the consumer to satisfy current wants or needs, unlike an intermediate good, which is used to produce other goods. A microwave oven or a bicycle is a final good.

When used in measures of national income and output, the term "final goods" includes only new goods. For example, gross domestic product (GDP) excludes items counted in an earlier year to prevent double counting based on resale of items. In that context, the economic definition of goods also includes what are commonly known as services.

Manufactured goods refer to products that have undergone processing or assembly, distinguishing them from raw materials.
Starz Distribution
Starz Distribution, formerly IDT Entertainment and Starz Media, was an American television production, distribution and syndication company and the distribution arm of Starz Inc., a subsidiary of Starz Entertainment, established in 2003. It develops, produces and acquires original programming content branded as Starz Originals, feature films and other audiovisual programming for distribution across television, home video and streaming media.

POW! Entertainment
POW! Entertainment Inc. is an American media production company formed in 2001 by Gill Champion, Arthur Lieberman and former Marvel Comics editor and publisher Stan Lee. POW! is made up of two companies: POW! Entertainment, Inc. (POW! Inc.), a holding corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, POW! Entertainment, LLC (POW! LLC) and is currently owned by Camsing International Holding.

POW! productions include the 2006 Sci-Fi Channel's TV-movie Stan Lee's Lightspeed, that network's reality television series Who Wants to Be a Superhero? and the Stan Lee's Mighty 7 media franchise. Other productions include the direct-to-DVD animated features Stan Lee's Mosaic and Stan Lee Presents: The Condor.
Old Hampden Academy Building
The Old Hampden Academy Building is a historic school building on United States Route 1A in Hampden, Maine.  Built in 1842-43, it was the home of Hampden Academy, now the town's public high school, for many years.  The building is now part the campus of the McGraw School, a local elementary school.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 for its educational and architectural significance.

Hampden Academy
Hampden Academy is a public high school located at 89 Western Avenue in Hampden, Maine, United States. The school is a part of Regional School Unit #22 (R.S.U. 22), with approximately 708 students from Hampden, Newburgh, Frankfort and Winterport attending grades 9–12. It has been accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

The school mascot is the Bronco.
Blythe Heat
The Blythe Heat were a professional baseball team based in Blythe, California.  They played in the Arizona Winter League, a short-season instructional winter league affiliated with the North American League.  They began play in 2007 and played their home games at Alexander Field in Blythe.  They are the only team in the instructional league that play their home games somewhere other than the league's home base of Yuma, Arizona's Desert Sun Stadium.  They were owned by Diamond Sports & Entertainment.  The team's uniform logo was that of the former Western Baseball League team, the Chico Heat, predecessors to the GBL's Chico Outlaws.

They won the AWL Championship in their first season in March 2008.  They defeated the Canada Miners 10–5 in the Championship Game.  The franchise folded in 2011 after the NAL folded.

Blythe, California
Blythe (/blaɪθ/) is a city in eastern Riverside County, California, United States. It is in the Palo Verde Valley of the Lower Colorado River Valley region, an agricultural area and part of the Colorado Desert along the Colorado River, approximately 224 miles (360 km) east of Los Angeles and 150 miles (240 km) west of Phoenix. Blythe was named after Thomas Henry Blythe, a San Francisco financier, who established primary water rights to the Colorado River in the region in 1877. The city was incorporated on July 21, 1916. The population was 18,317 at the 2020 census.
Archdiocese of Atlanta
The Archdiocese of Atlanta (Latin: Archdiœcesis Atlantensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in northern Georgia in United States. The archdiocese is led by a prelate archbishop, who also serves as pastor of the mother church, the Cathedral of Christ the King in Atlanta. The archbishop is Gregory Hartmayer.

Luis R. Zarama
Luis Rafael Zarama Pasqualetto (born November 28, 1958) is a Colombian-born American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has served as bishop of Raleigh in North Carolina since 2017. He previously served as an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Atlanta in Georgia from 2009 to 2017. Zarama is the first Hispanic bishop of Raleigh and the first foreign-born bishop. He is also the first Colombian bishop to lead an American diocese.
Orchestre National de France
The Orchestre National de France (French pronunciation: [ɔʁkɛstʁ nɑsjɔnal də fʁɑ̃s]; transl. National Orchestra of France; abbr. ONF) is a French symphony orchestra based in Paris, founded in 1934.  Placed under the administration of the French national radio (named Radio France since 1975), the ONF performs mainly in the Grand Auditorium at the Maison de la Radio et de la Musique (formerly known as Maison de la Radio) from where all its concerts are broadcast.  Some concerts are also held in the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, which was the previous main venue of the orchestra before the Auditorium was built.

Charles Dutoit
Charles Édouard Dutoit OC GOQ (born 7 October 1936) is a Swiss conductor. He is the principal guest conductor for the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia.

In 2017, he became the 103rd recipient of the Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medal Award. Dutoit held previous positions with the London Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal, the Tokyo NHK Symphony and the Orchestre National de France. As of 2017, he was conductor emeritus of the Verbier Music Festival Orchestra. He is an honorary member of the Ravel Foundation in France and the Stravinsky Foundation in Switzerland.

In December 2017, following allegations of sexual assault, the Boston and San Francisco Symphonies cancelled his engagements. In a statement, Dutoit denied the charges.
Greater kudu
The greater kudu  (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) is a large woodland antelope, found throughout eastern and southern Africa. Despite occupying such widespread territory, they are sparsely populated in most areas due to declining habitat, deforestation, and poaching. The greater kudu is one of two species commonly known as kudu, the other being the lesser kudu, T. imberbis.

Chobe National Park
Chobe National Park is Botswana's first national park, and also the most biologically diverse. Located in the north of the country, it is Botswana's third largest park, after Central Kalahari Game Reserve and Gemsbok National Park.

This park is noted for having a population of lions which prey on elephants, mostly calves or juveniles, but also subadults.
Ashley Sutton
Ashley John Sutton (born 15 January 1994) is a British racing driver, and four time British Touring Car Champion, who currently competes in the British Touring Car Championship with NAPA Racing UK.

After winning the Renault Clio Cup UK in 2015, Sutton moved up to the British Touring Car Championship for the 2016 season with MG Racing RCIB Insurance. He won one race in his début season, before moving to Adrian Flux Subaru Racing for the 2017 season. Sutton failed to score a point in the opening meeting, but won six races thereafter to win the championship, the youngest champion since 1966. He moved to Laser Tools Racing in 2020, and would win the championship back to back in 2020 and 2021. He moved to NAPA Racing UK for the 2022 season and won the championship for a fourth time in 2023. He also scored 12 Wins in 2023, equalling Alain Menu's 1997 record. He was also the first driver since Menu in 2000 to win the BTCC title in a Ford.

2020 British Touring Car Championship
The 2020 Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship (commonly abbreviated as BTCC) was a motor racing championship for production-based touring cars held across England and Scotland. The championship featured a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded amateur drivers competing in highly modified versions of family cars which are sold to the general public and conform to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2020 season was the 63rd British Touring Car Championship season and the tenth season for cars conforming to the Next Generation Touring Car (NGTC) technical specification. The Championship was won by Ashley Sutton.
Wolf 1130
Wolf 1130 is a nearby pre-cataclysmic triple star system consisting of a cold subdwarf of spectral type sdM3 (A), an ultramassive white dwarf (B) and a cold brown dwarf of spectral type sdT8 (C). Wolf 1130 is 54.1 light-years (16.6 parsecs) distant from earth.

The system is older than 10 billion years based on UVW velocities and the low metallicity of Wolf 1130A. This makes Wolf 1130C one of the oldest brown dwarfs known to science, together with LSPM J0055+5948B, which has a similar age. There might be older brown dwarfs, such as WISE 1534–1043, which have less well determined ages.

T dwarf
An object with the spectral type T (also called T dwarf or methane brown dwarf) is either a brown dwarf or a young free-floating planetary-mass object. A directly imaged exoplanet with a young age can also be a T-dwarf. T dwarfs are colder than L dwarfs, but warmer than Y dwarfs.
Medzhybizh
Medzhybizh (Ukrainian: Меджибіж; Polish: Międzybóż; German: Medschybisch; Yiddish: מעזשביזש, romanized: Mezhbizh), formerly Mezhybozhe, is a rural settlement in Khmelnytskyi Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in Khmelnytskyi Raion, 25 kilometres from Khmelnytskyi on the main highway between Khmelnytskyi and Vinnytsia at the confluence of the Southern Buh and Buzhok rivers. Medzhybizh was once a prominent town in the former Podolia Province. Its name is derived from "mezhbuzhye", which means "between the Buzhenka (and the Buh) Rivers". It is known as the birthplace of the Jewish Hasidic mystical religious movement. Medzhybizh hosts the administration of Medzhybizh settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Current population: 1,237 (2022 estimate); 1,731, (2001 census).

Joel Sirkis
Joel ben Samuel Sirkis (Hebrew: רבי יואל בן שמואל סירקיש; born 1561 - March 14, 1640) also known as the Bach (an abbreviation of his magnum opus BAyit CHadash), was a prominent Ashkenazi posek and halakhist, who lived in Central Europe and held rabbinical positions in Belz, Brest-Litovsk and Kraków, and is considered to be one of the greatest Talmudic scholars of Poland. He is known for his liberal rulings in his responsa in which he challenges the rabbinic status quo.
Hannah Mills (Quaker)
Hannah Mills was a Quaker from Leeds, England, whose treatment and death in 1790 while confined in the York Asylum (now Bootham Park Hospital) is recognised as having led to the development of the York Retreat, which pioneered the moral treatment of mental illness that became a model for progressive practices worldwide.

Mills was admitted as a young widow to the York Asylum on 15 March 1790, suffering from 'melancholy' (what might now be termed clinical depression). At the request of her relatives, local York Quakers tried to visit her but were refused permission on the grounds that she was in private treatment. Mills died there on 29 April 1790. These events shocked the Quakers. William Tuke was enlisted to help develop a more humane alternative and the York Retreat was opened in 1796.

The Retreat
The Retreat, commonly known as the York Retreat, is a place in England for the treatment of people with mental health needs. Located in Lamel Hill in York, it operates as a not for profit charitable organisation.

Opened in 1796, it is famous for having pioneered the so-called "moral treatment" that became a behaviour model for asylums around the world with mental health issues. Founded by William Tuke, it was originally only for Quakers but gradually became open to everyone. It inspired other progressive facilities such as the US Brattleboro Retreat, Hartford Retreat and Friends Hospital. The present day The Retreat seeks to retain the essence of early "moral treatment", while applying the principles to a modern healthcare setting. The Retreat withdrew from the delivery of inpatient services after 222 years on 31 December 2018.
Kinesin 13
The Kinesin-13 Family are a subfamily of motor proteins known as kinesins. Most kinesins transport materials or cargo around the cell while traversing along microtubule polymer tracks with the help of ATP-hydrolysis-created energy.

Kinesin
A kinesin is a protein complex belonging to a class of motor proteins found in eukaryotic cells. Kinesins move along microtubule (MT) filaments and are powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (thus kinesins are ATPases, a type of enzyme). The active movement of kinesins supports several cellular functions including mitosis, meiosis and transport of cellular cargo, such as in axonal transport, and intraflagellar transport. Most kinesins walk towards the plus end of a microtubule, which, in most cells, entails transporting cargo such as protein and membrane components from the center of the cell towards the periphery. This form of transport is known as anterograde transport. In contrast, dyneins are motor proteins that move toward the minus end of a microtubule in retrograde transport.
Automated airport weather station
Airport weather stations are automated sensor suites which are designed to serve aviation and meteorological operations, weather forecasting and climatology. Automated airport weather stations have become part of the backbone of weather observing in the United States and Canada and are becoming increasingly more prevalent worldwide due to their efficiency and cost-savings.

Weather station
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation amounts. Wind measurements are taken with as few other obstructions as possible, while temperature and humidity measurements are kept free from direct solar radiation, or insolation. Manual observations are taken at least once daily, while automated measurements are taken at least once an hour. Weather conditions out at sea are taken by ships and buoys, which measure slightly different meteorological quantities such as sea surface temperature (SST), wave height, and wave period. Drifting weather buoys outnumber their moored versions by a significant amount.
Robert Sutton (priest, died 1528)
Robert Sutton (died 1 April 1528) was an Irish priest in the late Fifteenth century and the early decades of the Sixteenth century: he was Archdeacon of Dublin from 1498 to 1508; and then Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1527 to 1528.

He spent much of his career in England, and was most reluctant to return to Ireland, apparently due to his ill health and his fear of bubonic plague and sweating sickness, both of which were prevalent in Dublin in the 1520s (in fairness to Sutton it must be said that his predecessor as Dean, John Rycardes, had also left Ireland for fear of the plague). It was said that he never set foot in the cathedral during his term of office (admittedly brief) as Dean. He died in April 1528, bequeathing all his property to his nephew William, son of his brother Lawrence.

A brass monument in the Cathedral commemorates both Sutton and his successor Geoffrey Fyche, Dean from 1529 to 1537.

Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
The Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral is the senior cleric of the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, elected by the chapter of the cathedral. The office was created in 1219 or 1220, by one of several charters granted to the cathedral by Archbishop Henry de Loundres between 1218 and 1220.

For centuries, the Dean of St. Patrick's was the only dean in Dublin and documents of those years often refer to him as the "Dean of Dublin" – but from around 1539 there was also the office of "Dean of Christ Church Cathedral", which had been a priory, headed by a prior and canons.
Bridge maintenance
Maintenance of bridge infrastructure presents many challenges. Transportation engineering and maintenance personnel must maintain around the clock service to millions of people each year while maintaining millions of cubic meters of concrete distributed throughout their facilities. This infrastructure includes bridges. Presently only a limited number of accurate and economical techniques exist to test these structures for integrity and safety as well as insure that they meet original design specifications.

No single technology can locate all physical anomalies in and below the concrete, these techniques along with data fusion can assist in the following investigations, to name a few:

Locating voids and delaminations in bridge pavements and scour around bridge support columns.

Determining location and types of reinforcing steel in concrete

Ensuring quality control on new concrete installations

Bridge scour
Bridge scour is the removal of sediment such as sand and gravel from around bridge abutments or piers. Hydrodynamic scour, caused by fast flowing water, can carve out scour holes, compromising the integrity of a structure.

In the United States, bridge scour is one of the three main causes of bridge failure (the others being collision and overloading). It has been estimated that 60% of all bridge failures result from scour and other hydraulic-related causes. It is the most common cause of highway bridge failure in the US, where 46 of 86 major bridge failures resulted from scour near piers from 1961 to 1976.
STS-97
STS-97 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle  Endeavour. The crew installed the first set of solar arrays to the ISS, prepared a docking port for arrival of the Destiny Laboratory Module, and delivered supplies for the station's crew. It was the last human spaceflight of the 20th century.

Integrated Truss Structure
The Integrated Truss Structure (ITS) of the International Space Station (ISS) consists of a linear arranged sequence of connected trusses on which various unpressurized components are mounted such as logistics carriers, radiators, solar arrays, and other equipment. It supplies the ISS with a bus architecture. It is approximately 110 metres (360 feet) long, weighs slightly under 118 tonnes (260,000 lb) with all its attached equipment, and is made primarily from aluminium and stainless steel.
Yotam Ottolenghi
Yotam Assaf Ottolenghi (Hebrew: יותם אוטולנגי; born 14 December 1968) is an Israeli-born British chef, restaurateur, and food writer. Alongside Sami Tamimi, he is the co-owner of nine delis and restaurants in London and Bicester Village and the author of several bestselling cookbooks, including Ottolenghi: The Cookbook (2008), Plenty (2010), Jerusalem (2012) and Simple (2018).

British Book Awards
The British Book Awards or Nibbies are literary awards for the best UK writers and their works, administered by The Bookseller. The awards have had several previous names, owners and sponsors since being launched in 1990, including the National Book Awards from 2010 to 2014.
Nicholas Courtney
William Nicholas Stone Courtney (16 December 1929 – 22 February 2011) was an Egyptian-born British actor. He was best known for his long-running role as Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart in the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who.

Big Finish Productions
Big Finish Productions is a British company that produces books and audio plays (released straight to compact disc and for download in MP3 and m4b format) based, primarily, on science fiction properties. These include Doctor Who, the characters Judge Dredd and Strontium Dog from 2000 AD, Blake's 7, Thunderbirds, Dark Shadows, Dracula, Terrahawks, Sapphire & Steel, Sherlock Holmes, Stargate, The Avengers, The Prisoner, Timeslip, and Torchwood.