hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Praxinoscope
The praxinoscope is an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Like the zoetrope, it uses a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned.  Someone looking in the mirrors can, therefore, see a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter and less distorted picture than the zoetrope offered.

Zoetrope
A zoetrope is a pre-film animation device that produces the illusion of motion, by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. A zoetrope is a cylindrical variant of the phénakisticope, an apparatus suggested after the stroboscopic discs were introduced in 1833. The definitive version of the zoetrope, with replaceable film picture film strips, was introduced as a toy by Milton Bradley in 1866 and became very successful.
Peechelba
Peechelba is a town in north eastern Victoria, Australia.  The town is located in the Rural City of Wangaratta and the Shire of Moira local government area between Wangaratta and Yarrawonga and 277 kilometres (172 mi) north east of the state capital, Melbourne.  At the 2011 census, Peechelba and the surrounding area had a population of 345. The town is home to a nature reserve, not far from the Ovens River.

Shire of Moira
Moira Shire is a local government area in the Northern Victoria Region of Victoria, Australia. Located in the north-east part of the state, it covers an area of 4,045 square kilometres (1,562 mi2). As at August 2021 the population was 30,522. It includes the towns of Cobram, Nathalia, Numurkah and Yarrawonga.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Moira Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Cobram, it also has a service centre located in Yarrawonga. The Shire is named after the county of Moira, of which the LGA occupies the northern part.
Rogers Commission Report
The Rogers Commission Report was written by a Presidential Commission charged with investigating the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster during its 10th mission, STS-51-L. The report, released and submitted to President Ronald Reagan on June 9, 1986, determined the cause of the disaster that took place 73 seconds after liftoff, and urged the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to improve and install new safety features on the shuttles and in its organizational handling of future missions.

Columbia Accident Investigation Board
The Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) was an internal commission convened by NASA to investigate the destruction of the Space Shuttle Columbia during STS-107 upon atmospheric re-entry on February 1, 2003. The panel determined that the accident was caused by foam insulation breaking off from the external fuel tank, forming debris which damaged the orbiter's wing, and that the problem of "debris shedding" was well known but considered "acceptable" by management. The panel also recommended changes that should be made to increase the safety of future shuttle flights. The CAIB released its final report on August 26, 2003.
Flight cancellation and delay
A flight delay occurs when an airline flight takes off and/or lands later than its scheduled time. The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) considers a flight to be delayed when it is 15 minutes later than its scheduled time. A flight cancellation occurs when the airline does not operate the flight at all for a certain reason.

Air Passengers Rights Regulation
The Air Passengers Rights Regulation 2004 (Regulation (EC) No 261/2004) is a regulation in EU law establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding, flight cancellations, or long delays of flights. It requires compensation of €250 to €600 depending on the flight distance for delays over of at least three hours, cancellations, or being denied boarding from overbooking. Delays shorter than three hours means no entitlement to any compensation of any kind even if the delay was classified as non-extraordinary. Airlines must provide refreshments and accommodation where appropriate. The Court of Justice of the European Union has interpreted passenger rights strictly, so that there are virtually no exceptions for airlines to evade their obligations for breach of contract.

It repealed Regulation (EEC) No 295/91, and went into effect on 17 February 2005.
Durant, Iowa
Durant is a city in Cedar, Muscatine, and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 1,871 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Scott County portion of Durant is part of the Davenport–Moline–Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Muscatine County portion of the city is part of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Muscatine micropolitan area
The Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting solely of Muscatine County and anchored by the city of Muscatine. The Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area is also a part of the Quad Cities Iowa–Illinois Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which has a population of 474,226, making it the 90th-largest CSA in the nation.

As of the 2000 census, the area had a population of 53,905 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 54,179).
Un Chau Estate
Un Chau Estate (Chinese: 元州邨), or Un Chau Street Estate (Chinese: 元州街邨) before redevelopment, is a public housing estate on the reclaimed land of Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, located between Un Chau Street and Cheung Sha Wan Road, next to MTR Cheung Sha Wan station. It consists of 10 residential buildings completed in 1998, 1999 and 2008, which were developed into 4 phases. Phase 5 was developed on the site of the former Cheung Sha Wan Factory Estate.

Cheung Sha Wan station
Cheung Sha Wan (Chinese: 長沙灣) is an MTR station on the Tsuen Wan line. It is located underneath Cheung Sha Wan Road in Sham Shui Po District. It was opened on 17 May 1982. The station's lineage is yellow and brown.

The station was originally planned with the name So Uk (蘇屋), and the station is close to the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum.
2012 Texas Rangers season
The 2012 Texas Rangers season was the 52nd season in the overall history of the franchise and the 41st since the team relocated to Arlington, Texas. The Rangers entered the season as the two-time defending champions of the American League and the American League West. They led the division for most of the season and had a 13-game lead on June 30, but faltered down the stretch. They finished 93–69, but were swept in the last series of the season by the Oakland Athletics and wound up second to the Athletics in the division. They then lost to the Baltimore Orioles in the ALWC Game and were eliminated from the playoffs.

2012 American League Wild Card Game
The 2012 American League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2012 postseason played between the American League's (AL) two wild-card teams, the Texas Rangers and the Baltimore Orioles. It was held at Rangers Ballpark in Arlington, Texas, on October 5, 2012, at 8:37 p.m. EDT. The Orioles won by a 5–1 score and advanced to play the New York Yankees in the AL Division Series. The game was televised on TBS.
Future Foundation
The Future Foundation is a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Jonathan Hickman, the team first appeared in Fantastic Four #579 (July 2010) and stars in the series FF, written by Hickman and illustrated by Steve Epting. The Future Foundation is a philanthropic organization created by Mister Fantastic dedicated to better serve humanity's future.

Fantastic Four (comic book)
Fantastic Four is the name of several comic book titles featuring the team the Fantastic Four (created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby) and published by Marvel Comics, beginning with the original Fantastic Four comic book series which debuted in 1961.

As the first superhero team title produced by Marvel Comics, it formed a cornerstone of the company's 1960s rise from a small division of a publishing company to a pop culture conglomerate. The title would go on to showcase the talents of comics creators such as Roy Thomas, John Buscema, John Byrne, Steve Englehart, Walt Simonson, Tom DeFalco, Mark Waid, and Jonathan Hickman. The Fantastic Four is one of several Marvel titles originating in the Silver Age of Comic Books that was continuously published through 2015 before returning to monthly publication in 2018.
Llavallol
Llavallol is a district of Lomas de Zamora Partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It forms part of the Greater Buenos Aires urban conurbation.

The settlement was named in honour of Felipe Llavallol who governed Buenos Aires between the end of the Battle of Cepeda (1859) and 1860.

Lomas de Zamora Partido
Lomas de Zamora is a partido (district) of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and part of the Greater Buenos Aires urban agglomeration.

It has an area of 89 km2 (34 sq mi) and a population of 613,192 (2001 census [INDEC]), the second-most populous partido in the Greater Buenos Aires agglomeration. The local government's seat is at the city of Lomas de Zamora.
Wissenschaft des Judentums
"Wissenschaft des Judentums" (literally in German the expression means "Science of Judaism"; more recently in the United States it started to be rendered as "Jewish Studies" or "Judaic Studies", a wide academic field of inquiry in American universities) refers to a nineteenth-century movement premised on the critical investigation of Jewish literature and culture, including rabbinic literature, to analyze the origins of Jewish traditions.

Harry Austryn Wolfson
Harry Austryn Wolfson (November 2, 1887 – September 19, 1974), born Zvi Hershel ben Mendel Wolfson, was an American philosopher and historian at Harvard University, where he became the first chair of a Jewish Studies Center in the United States. Best known for his seminal work on the Jewish philosopher Philo, Wolfson also produced major studies on Crescas and Spinoza, examined Averroes and Maimonides in the context of medieval and early modern thought, and wrote on the Kalam, the Church Fathers, and the foundations of Western religion. He aimed to bridge Jewish philosophy with Christian philosophy and Islamic philosophy. As the first Judaica scholar to spend his entire career at a top university, Wolfson embodied the ambitions of the 19th-century Wissenschaft des Judentums (science of Judaism, or Jewish studies) movement.
Allan MacEachen
Allan Joseph MacEachen PC OC (/məˈkɛkən/; July 6, 1921 – September 12, 2017) was a Canadian politician and statesman who served as a senator and several times as a Cabinet minister. He was the first deputy prime minister of Canada and served from 1977 to 1979 and 1980 to 1984.

Antigonish, Nova Scotia
Antigonish (/ˌæntɪɡəˈnɪʃ/ AN-tig-ə-NISH; Canadian Gaelic: Am Baile Mòr [am ˈpalə ˈmuːɾ]) is a town in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The town is home to St. Francis Xavier University and the oldest continuous Highland games outside Scotland. It is approximately 160 kilometres (100 miles) northeast of Halifax, the provincial capital.
Robin Söderling
Robin Bo Carl Söderling (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈrɔ̌bːɪn ˈsø̌ːdɛɭɪŋ]; born 14 August 1984) is a Swedish former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 4 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in November 2010. Söderling won ten singles titles on the ATP Tour, and career highlights include reaching two consecutive finals at the French Open in 2009 and 2010, and a Masters title at the 2010 Paris Masters. He was the first player to defeat Rafael Nadal at the French Open. Söderling played his last professional match at only age 26 after contracting a lingering bout of mononucleosis.

Nicolás Almagro
Nicolás Almagro Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlas alˈmaɣɾo ˈsantʃeθ]; born 21 August 1985 in Murcia, Spain) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. He reached the quarterfinals of the French Open in 2008, 2010 and 2012 (losing each time to Rafael Nadal, the eventual champion in each occasion), as well as the quarterfinals of the Australian Open in 2013 (losing to David Ferrer after leading by two sets to love).

Over his career, Almagro won thirteen singles titles, and he achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 9 in May 2011. Following his retirement, Almagro began coaching American player Danielle Collins.
Coronene
Coronene (also known as superbenzene and cyclobenzene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) comprising seven peri-fused benzene rings. Its chemical formula is C24H12. It is a yellow material that dissolves in common solvents including benzene, toluene, and dichloromethane. Its solutions emit blue light fluorescence under UV light. It has been used as a solvent probe, similar to pyrene.

The compound is of theoretical interest to organic chemists because of its aromaticity. It can be described by 20 resonance structures or by a set of three mobile Clar sextets. In the Clar sextet case,  most stable structure for coronene has only  three isolated outer sextets as fully aromatic although superaromaticity would still be possible when these sextets are able to migrate into next ring.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is any member of a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple fused aromatic rings. Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter—by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires. The simplest representative is naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. PAHs are uncharged, non-polar and planar. Many are colorless. Many of them are also found in fossil fuel deposits such as coal and in petroleum. Exposure to PAHs can lead to different types of cancer, to fetal development complications, and to cardiovascular issues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life.
Diane Ravitch
Diane Silvers Ravitch (born July 1, 1938) is a historian of education, an educational policy analyst, and a research professor at New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. Previously, she was a U.S. Assistant Secretary of Education. In 2010, she became "an activist on behalf of public schools." Her blog at DianeRavitch.net has received more than 36 million page views since she began blogging in 2012. Ravitch writes for the New York Review of Books.

Waiting for "Superman"
Waiting for "Superman" is a 2010 American documentary film written and directed by Davis Guggenheim and produced by Lesley Chilcott. The film criticizes the American public education system by following several students as they strive to be accepted into competitive charter schools such as KIPP LA Schools, Harlem Success Academy and Summit Preparatory Charter High School.
Hillsdale High School (Michigan)
Hillsdale High School is a public high school in Hillsdale, Michigan. It is the only high school in the Hillsdale Community School district.  Their nickname is the Hornets.  They are members of the Lenawee County Athletic Association.

The boundary of the school district, and therefore that of Hillsdale High, includes Hillsdale, most of Hillsdale Township, and portions of these townships: Allen, Adams, Cambria, Fayette, Jefferson, and Woodbridge.

Hillsdale, Michigan
Hillsdale is the largest city in Hillsdale County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 8,036 at the 2020 census. It is the home of Hillsdale College, a private liberal arts college.
Suicide Squad
The Suicide Squad is an antihero/supervillain team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The first version of the Suicide Squad debuted in The Brave and the Bold #25 (September 1959) and the second and modern version, created by John Ostrander, debuted in Legends #3 (January 1987).

Various incarnations of the Suicide Squad have existed throughout the years as depicted in several self-titled comic book series, from its origins in the Silver Age to its modern-day post-Crisis re-imagining, to the New 52 version and the current version that was introduced during DC Rebirth in 2016. Though the roster has changed considerably over the years, some of its best-known members include Rick Flag, Captain Boomerang, Deadshot, Bronze Tiger, King Shark and Harley Quinn.

Checkmate (comics)
Checkmate is a fictional covert operations agency appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The antihero team first appeared in Action Comics #598 (March 1988) and proceeded to have its own ongoing title in Checkmate!. In the wake of events depicted in the mini-series The OMAC Project and Infinite Crisis, Checkmate is re-chartered as a United Nations Security Council-affiliated agency and was again given its own series, Checkmate (vol. 2).
Mahood Lake
Mahood Lake is a lake in the South Cariboo region of the Interior of British Columbia in Wells Gray Provincial Park. It is drained by the Mahood River, a tributary of the Clearwater River which has cut a deep canyon into Cambrian rocks and Pleistocene glacial moraines. Mahood Lake is fed by the short Canim River, which drains nearby Canim Lake to the west via Canim Falls and Mahood Falls.

The lake is 630 metres in elevation, 208 metres deep at its deepest point, approximately 33.5 km² in area, 21 km (13.0 mi) in length (east to west) and a maximum of 2.2 km (1.4 mi) in width. Mount Mahood is immediately south of the lake and rises to 1,812 m (5,945 ft).

Canim River
The Canim River is a river in the South Cariboo region of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada.  It begins at the outlet of Canim Lake and runs 1.8 km (1.1 mi) to Canim Falls, then continues 8 km (5.0 mi) via a canyon cut into a lava plateau to Mahood Lake. A second outlet from Canim Lake, also part of the Canim River, flows over Mahood Falls and joins the Canim Falls branch.

"Canim" means a type of large canoe in the Chinook Jargon.  The name was adopted in 1941. Previously, this stream and also Mahood River below Mahood Lake  were officially named Bridge Creek.
Mary Xavier Dooley
Mother Mary Xavier Dooley (19 June 1858 – 4 July 1929) was born Eliza Dooley in Forth, Tasmania, Australia. She was professed as a Sister of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Tasmania in 1883. In 1911, she became the first Superior of the amalgamated Hobart and Launceston Presentation Congregations.  She died in Launceston, Tasmania.

Presentation Sisters
The Presentation Sisters, officially the Sisters of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, are a religious institute of Roman Catholic women founded in Cork, Ireland, by Honora "Nano" Nagle in 1775. The sisters of the congregation use the postnominal initials PBVM.

The Presentation Sisters' mission is to help the poor and needy around the world. Historically, the Sisters focused their energies on creating and staffing schools that would educate young people, especially young women. Most of these schools are still in operation and can be found across the globe.

As of 2024, the Presentation Sisters are active in 19 countries: Australia, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Dominica, Ecuador, India, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Sânnicolau Mare
Sânnicolau Mare (Romanian pronunciation: [sɨnnikoˌla.u ˈmare]; Hungarian: Nagyszentmiklós; German: Groß St. Nikolaus; Banat Swabian: Sanniklos; Serbian: Велики Семиклуш, romanized: Veliki Semikluš; Banat Bulgarian: Smikluš) is a town in Timiș County, Romania, and the westernmost in the country. Located in the Banat region, along the borders with Serbia and Hungary, it has a population of 10,627 as of 2021.

Dudeștii Vechi
Dudeștii Vechi (until 1964 Beșenova Veche; Banat Bulgarian: Stár Bišnov; Hungarian: Óbesenyő; German: Altbeschenowa; Serbian: Старо Бешеново, romanized: Staro Bešenovo) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cheglevici, Colonia Bulgară and Dudeștii Vechi (commune seat). It also included Vălcani until 2005, when it was split off to form a separate commune. Dudeștii Vechi is mostly populated by Banat Bulgarians (Palćene), a regional minority group of ethnic Bulgarians that profess Roman Catholicism, who came from northern Bulgaria, and who are descendants of Paulicians that settled in the area around 1738.
Redundant binary representation
A redundant binary representation (RBR) is a numeral system that uses more bits than needed to represent a single binary digit so that most numbers have several representations. An RBR is unlike usual binary numeral systems, including two's complement, which use a single bit for each digit. Many of an RBR's properties differ from those of regular binary representation systems. Most importantly, an RBR allows addition without using a typical carry. When compared to non-redundant representation, an RBR makes bitwise logical operation slower, but arithmetic operations are faster when a greater bit width is used. Usually, each digit has its own sign that is not necessarily the same as the sign of the number represented. When digits have signs, that RBR is also a signed-digit representation.

Signed-digit representation
In mathematical notation for numbers, a signed-digit representation is a positional numeral system with a set of signed digits used to encode the integers.

Signed-digit representation can be used to accomplish fast addition of integers because it can eliminate chains of dependent carries.  In the binary numeral system, a special case signed-digit representation is the non-adjacent form, which can offer speed benefits with minimal space overhead.
Sutton Bassett
Sutton Bassett is a village  and civil parish in  Northamptonshire, England, in the Welland valley. It was formerly in the Corby Hundred but has been part of the Stoke Hundred (named after Stoke Albany village).

The village's name means 'Southern farm/settlement'. The village was held by Richard Basset in the 12th century.

Sutton Bassett's church, The Church of All Saints (which partly dates back to the Norman period) was built as an annexe to St. Mary's Church in the nearby village of Weston by Welland. Unlike the majority of typical English countryside village churches, it has no graveyard. The local pub was the Queen's Head Inn, which closed in January 2015.

Sutton Bassett is currently administered by North Northamptonshire council but was administered as part of the Borough of Kettering until changes in 2021, and is roughly 14 miles north-west of Kettering, 12 miles west of Corby, 7 miles north-east of Desborough and roughly 4 miles from Market Harborough.

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.