hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Morgan County, Utah
Morgan County is a county in northern Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 12,295. Its county seat and largest city is Morgan.
Morgan County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area as well as the Salt Lake City Combined Statistical Area.

Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area
The Ogden-Clearfield, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of three counties in northern Utah, anchored by the cities of Ogden and Clearfield. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 637,197. On February 28, 2013, the White House released a bulletin Revising delineations of CSAs and MSAs which led to the addition of Box Elder County to the Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. On July 23, 2023, Box Elder County was moved to the newly created Brigham City micropolitan statistical area.
Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties
The Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties (INITIATIVE), also known as the European Communist Initiative (ECI), was a Marxist–Leninist European political alliance. Founded by the Communist Party of Greece in 2013, the initiative had 30 member parties from all over Europe and the surrounding area.

Its goal was to "contribute to the research and study of issues concerning Europe, particularly concerning the EU, the political line which is drawn up in its framework and affects the lives of the workers, as well as to assist the elaboration of joint positions of the parties and the coordination of their solidarity and their other activities".

On 9 September 2023, the organisation was dissolved following ideological and political differences between the association's members over the topic of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The European Communist Action was established  on 18 November 2023 as a continuation of the INITIATIVE association created by the Communist Party of Greece.

European Communist Action
The European Communist Action (ECA) is a Marxist–Leninist European political alliance. It was established on 18 November 2023 after its predecessor organization, the Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties, was dissolved.

The ECA was established with the aim of promoting scientific socialism, opposing the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and challenging capitalist exploitation and imperialism. The ECA regards the EU as an imperialist bloc and is dedicated to the principles of class struggle and the rights of workers, advocating for socialism as an alternative to the current capitalist system in Europe.
Volkan Bozkır
Volkan Bozkır (born 22 November 1950) is a Turkish diplomat and politician who served as the President of the United Nations General Assembly from 2020 to 2021. He served as Minister for European Union Affairs from November 2015 to May 2016 and previously held the same office from August 2014 to August 2015. He concurrently served as the Chief Negotiator for Turkish Accession to the European Union during the same time.

He was elected as the president of The United Nations General Assembly on 17 June 2020 for the 75th session, becoming the first-ever Turkish diplomat to hold this position.

Ministry of European Union Affairs (Turkey)
The Ministry of European Union Affairs (Turkish: Avrupa Birliği Bakanlığı ) was a ministry of the Turkish government responsible for the accession process between the Republic of Turkey and the European Union. Formed on June 29, 2011 after Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan won a third term in the 2011 general election. The ministry was responsible for co-ordinating negotiations and accession projects throughout the 81 provinces of Turkey to develop relations between Turkey and the European Union. The minister responsible concurrently served as the chief negotiator during the accession process. The Minister concurrently served as the chief negotiator during accession talks with the EU.
Motoharu Yoshizawa
Motoharu Yoshizawa (吉沢元治) (1931 – September 12, 1998) was a Japanese bassist and composer known for playing in a distinctive free jazz and free improvisation style, sometimes deploying electronics and using the unusual self-designed five-string bass he referred to as the "Tiritack".

Yoshizawa collaborated with innumerable musicians over his long career; some of the better known include Masayuki Takayanagi, Masahiko Togashi, Takehisa Kosugi, Mototeru Takagi, Kaoru Abe, Steve Lacy, Dave Burrell, Derek Bailey, Evan Parker, Barre Phillips, Butch Morris, Elliott Sharp, Ikue Mori, Keiji Haino, Kan Mikami, Kazuki Tomokawa, Christopher Yohmei Blasdel & Tenko.

Derek Bailey (guitarist)
Derek Bailey (29 January 1930 – 25 December 2005) was an English avant-garde guitarist and an important figure in the free improvisation movement. Bailey abandoned conventional performance techniques found in jazz, exploring atonality, noise, and whatever unusual sounds he could produce with the guitar. Much of his work was released on his own label Incus Records. In addition to solo work, Bailey collaborated frequently with other musicians and recorded with collectives such as Spontaneous Music Ensemble and Company.
Investiture of the Gods
The Investiture of the Gods, also known by its Chinese titles Fengshen Yanyi (Chinese: 封神演義; pinyin: Fēngshén Yǎnyì; Wade–Giles: Fêng1-shên2 Yan3-yi4; Jyutping: Fung1 San4 Jin2 Ji6) and Fengshen Bang (封神榜), is a 16th-century Chinese novel and one of the major vernacular Chinese works in the gods and demons (shenmo) genre written during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Consisting of 100 chapters, it was first published in book form between 1567 and 1619. Another source claims it was published in a finalized edition in 1605.  The work combines elements of history, folklore, mythology, legends and fantasy.

The story is set in the era of the decline of the Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BC) and the rise of the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC). It intertwines numerous elements of Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, including deities, demons, immortals and spirits. The authorship is attributed to Xu Zhonglin.

Xu Zhonglin (novelist)
Xu Zhonglin (traditional Chinese: 許仲琳; simplified Chinese: 许仲琳; died 1560) was a Chinese fantasy novelist who lived during the Ming dynasty. He is best known as the author of the 16th century semi-mythical novel Investiture of the Gods (封神演義; Fengshen Yanyi). He was born in Yingtian Prefecture, present-day Nanjing.

An original copy of Investiture of the Gods is held in the Japanese Library of the Grand Secretariat, printed by Shu Zaiyang. The second section of the book is inscribed with the words "edited by Xu Zhonglin, the Old Recluse of Mount Zhong." This is likely the source of his possible pseudonym "Zhongshan Yisou" (鍾山逸叟), which literally means "a carefree old man living in Mount Zhong". Some say that Xu wrote the novel for a trousseau for his daughter.
Protestantism in Thailand
Protestants in Thailand constitute about 0.77% of the population of Thailand.  Protestant work among the Thai people was begun by Ann Judson in Burma, who evangelized Thai war captives who were relocated to Burma. Protestantism was introduced to the country of Thailand in 1828 through the work of Karl Gutzlaff and Jacob Tomlin, the first two resident Protestant missionaries in Thailand.

Church of Christ in Thailand
The Church of Christ in Thailand (C.C.T.) (Thai: สภาคริสตจักรในประเทศไทย) is a Protestant Christian association. It is the largest Protestant denomination in Thailand and is considered to be the largest by group of Protestant members in Thailand.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Marion County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Marion County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Marion County, Texas. There are one district and 17 individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. Sixteen individually listed properties are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks while the district contains many more including one that is a State Antiquities Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Marion County, Texas
Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 9,725. Its county seat is Jefferson. Marion County is in East Texas and is named for Francis Marion, the Revolutionary War general from South Carolina who was nicknamed the "Swamp Fox".
Waini River
The Waini River is a river in the Barima-Waini region of northern Guyana. It flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The upper portion of the river flows through the Guianian moist forests, while the lower Waini river flows through the eastern extent of the vast Orinoco Delta swamp forests before emptying into the sea.

Barima-Waini
Barima-Waini (Region 1) is a region of Guyana and is located in the northwest of the country. Barima-Waini has three sub-regions: Mabaruma, Matakai, and Moruca.

The region is located in the northwest of the country and has a population of 26,941. It covers an area of 20,339 square kilometres (7,853 sq mi). It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the region of Pomeroon-Supenaam to the east, the region of Cuyuni-Mazaruni to the south and Venezuela to the west.
Uchinada, Ishikawa
Uchinada (内灘町, Uchinada-machi) is a town located in Kahoku District, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2018, the town had an estimated population of 26,811 in 10783 households, and a population density of 1300 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 20.33 square kilometres (7.85 sq mi).

Kanazawa
Kanazawa (金沢市, Kanazawa-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.naꜜ.(d)za.wa, ka.na.(d)za.waꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital of Ishikawa Prefecture in central Japan. As of 1 January 2018, the city had an estimated population of 466,029 in 203,271 households, and a population density of 990 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 468.64 square kilometres (180.94 sq mi).
Ultimate Big Brother
Ultimate Big Brother is an all-star edition of the Big Brother series featuring memorable housemates from previous series of Big Brother, and Celebrity Big Brother. A 24-hour live streaming service was also available via the Big Brother website as a fee-based service. The series ended with Brian Dowling winning the title of the "Ultimate Housemate" and the words "Big Brother will get back to you".

Ultimate Big Brother was the final series of the British reality television programme Big Brother to air on Channel 4. The series was produced by Remarkable Pictures, a division of Endemol.

Josie Gibson
Josephine Diane Shirley Gibson (born 24 January 1985) is an English television personality. In 2010, she won the 11th series of the Channel 4 reality show Big Brother. Since 2019, Gibson has been a regular segment presenter and announcer for ITV's This Morning, as well as a relief co-presenter from 2021. In 2023, she was a contestant on the 23rd season of the reality show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! which she finished in fourth place.
Dmitry Rybolovlev
Dmitry Yevgenyevich Rybolovlev (Russian: Дмитрий Евгеньевич Рыболовлев, IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj jɪvˈɡʲenʲjɪvʲɪtɕ rɨbɐˈlovlʲɪf]; born 22 November 1966) is a Russian oligarch, billionaire businessman, and investor.

Rybolovlev became chairman of the Russian fertilizer producer Uralkali in 1995. In 2010, he sold his majority share of Uralkali to three Kremlin-linked oligarchs for $6.5 billion. As of 2021, Rybolovlev had a reported net worth of $6.7 billion, which ranked him 391st on Forbes's list of billionaires.

In 2011, Rybolovlev became the majority owner and president of the football club Monaco. He is one of the alleged victims of Swiss art transporter Yves Bouvier as part of The Bouvier Affair.

His hobbies include sailing where his yachts named Skorpis race competitively winning the ClubSwan 50 World Championship and taking line honour in the 2021 Fastnet Race sailing his ClubSwan 125.

Conception Convent
The Conception Convent or Zachatyevsky Monastery (Russian: Зачатьевский монастырь, romanized: Zachat'yevskiy monastyr') is a Russian Orthodox stauropegic convent on the northern bank of the Moskva River in Khamovniki District of Moscow. The convent was closed by the Bolsheviks in 1918 and did not reopen until 1995.
Disk encryption
Disk encryption is a technology which protects information by converting it into code that cannot be deciphered easily by unauthorized people or processes. Disk encryption uses disk encryption software or hardware to encrypt every bit of data that goes on a disk or disk volume. It is used to prevent unauthorized access to data storage.

The expression full disk encryption (FDE) (or whole disk encryption) signifies that everything on the disk is encrypted, but the master boot record (MBR), or similar area of a bootable disk, with code that starts the operating system loading sequence, is not encrypted. Some hardware-based full disk encryption systems can truly encrypt an entire boot disk, including the MBR.

Trusted Platform Module
A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a secure cryptoprocessor that implements the ISO/IEC 11889 standard. Common uses are verifying that the boot process starts from a trusted combination of hardware and software and storing disk encryption keys.

A TPM 2.0 implementation is part of the Windows 11 system requirements.
Caidian, Wuhan
Caidian District (Chinese: 蔡甸区; pinyin: Càidiàn Qū) is one of 13 urban districts that constitute the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China, forming part of the city's southwestern suburbs and situated on the northwestern (left) bank of the Yangtze River. On the left bank it borders the districts of Dongxihu to the north, Hanyang to the northeast, and Hannan to the south; on the opposite bank, Jiangxia and Hongshan. It also borders Xiaogan to the northwest and Xiantao to the southwest.

Hongshan, Wuhan
Hongshan District (Chinese: 洪山区; pinyin: Hóngshān Qū) is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China. The district is named for Mount Hong, located near East Lake. It is the most populous of all the districts, and is the most spacious but least densely populated among the city's seven core districts.
2008–09 Welsh League Cup
The 2008–09 Welsh League Cup season was won by The New Saints, beating Bangor City in the final. It was the third victory for The New Saints in the competition, and the fifth appearance by Bangor City in the final. The final took place at Latham Park, in Newtown, Wales. The match was refereed by Phil Southall.

The New Saints F.C.
The New Saints of Oswestry Town & Llansantffraid Football Club, commonly known as The New Saints (Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed y Seintiau Newydd) or TNS FC are a professional football club that play in the Cymru Premier, part of the Welsh football system, but are based completely within England, in Oswestry, Shropshire.

They are the most successful club in the Welsh league structure, with 17 league titles to their name. Since the 2001–02 season, they have finished as champions or runners-up in every season, apart from 2008–09, where they finished third in the league. They became the first side playing in the Welsh league system to qualify for the group or league stage of any European competition after reaching the league phase of the UEFA Conference League for the first time in the 2024–25 season.
GeForce 3 series
The GeForce 3 series (NV20) is the third generation of Nvidia's GeForce line of graphics processing units (GPUs). Introduced in February 2001, it advanced the GeForce architecture by adding programmable pixel and vertex shaders, multisample anti-aliasing and improved the overall efficiency of the rendering process.

The GeForce 3 was unveiled during the 2001 Macworld Conference & Expo/Tokyo 2001 in Makuhari Messe and powered realtime demos of Pixar's Junior Lamp and id Software's Doom 3. Apple would later announce launch rights for its new line of computers.

The GeForce 3 family comprises 3 consumer models: the GeForce 3, the GeForce 3 Ti200, and the GeForce 3 Ti500.  A separate professional version, with a feature-set tailored for computer aided design, was sold as the Quadro DCC.

A derivative of the GeForce 3, known as the NV2A, is used in the Microsoft Xbox game console.

Shader
In computer graphics, a shader is a programmable operation which is applied to data as it moves through the rendering pipeline. Shaders can act on data such as vertices and primitives—to generate or morph geometry—and fragments –to calculate the values in a rendered image.

Shaders can execute a wide variety of operations and can run on different types of hardware. In modern real-time computer graphics, shaders are run on graphics processing units (GPUs) –dedicated hardware which provides highly parallel execution of programs. As rendering an image is embarrassingly parallel, fragment and pixel shaders scale well on SIMD hardware. Historically, the drive for faster rendering has produced highly-parallel processors which can in turn be used for other SIMD amenable algorithms. Such shaders executing in a compute pipeline are commonly called compute shaders.
Kushma
Kushma is a small city and the headquarter of Parbat District in Nepal. Kushma municipality was formed by merging thirteen village development committees  Pang, Khurkot, Durlung, Shivalaya, Chuwa, Katuwa Chaupari, Pipaltari and Pakuwa on 18 May 2014.

This city lies in the western part of Nepal just about 57 km from  Pokhara and 12 km from Baglung. Kushma falls under Western Development Region and Dhaulagiri Zone of Nepal. It is located at 28°13'06N 83°40'45E at an altitude of 1294  meters. Kusma Bazaar straddling a narrow and high strip of land between the banks of Kaligandaki and Modi is the main market centre of the municipality. A bridge joins Kushma with Gyadichour located on the other side of the deep Modi river canyon.

Pakuwa
Pakuwa  is a market center in Kushma Municipality in Parbat District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of central Nepal. The formerly Village Development committee was annexed to form the municipality since 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2343 people living in 481 individual households.
History of martial arts
Although the earliest evidence of martial arts goes back millennia, the true roots are difficult to reconstruct. Inherent patterns of human aggression which inspire practice of mock combat (in particular wrestling) and optimization of serious close combat as cultural universals are doubtlessly inherited from the pre-human stage and were made into an "art" from the earliest emergence of that concept. Indeed, many universals of martial art are fixed by the specifics of human physiology and not dependent on a specific tradition or era.

Specific martial traditions become identifiable in Classical Antiquity, with disciplines such as shuai jiao, Greek wrestling or those described in the Indian epics or the Spring and Autumn Annals of China.

Martial arts manual
Martial arts manuals are instructions, with or without illustrations, specifically designed to be learnt from a book. Many books detailing specific techniques of martial arts are often erroneously called manuals but were written as treatises.

Prose descriptions of martial arts techniques appear late within the history of literature, due to the inherent difficulties of describing a technique rather than just demonstrating it.

The earliest extant manuscript on armed combat (as opposed to unarmed wrestling) is Royal Armouries Ms. I.33 ("I.33"), written in Franconia around 1300.

Not within the scope of this article are books on military strategy such as Sun Tzu's The Art of War (before 100 BCE) or Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus' De Re Militari (4th century), or military technology, such as De rebus bellicis (4th to 5th century).
Zeta function regularization
In mathematics and theoretical physics, zeta function regularization is a type of regularization or summability method that assigns finite values to divergent sums or products, and in particular can be used to define determinants and traces of some self-adjoint operators. The technique is now commonly applied to problems in physics, but has its origins in attempts to give precise meanings to ill-conditioned sums appearing in number theory.

Dirichlet series
In mathematics, a Dirichlet series is any series of the form

where s is complex, and  is a complex sequence. It is a special case of general Dirichlet series.

Dirichlet series play a variety of important roles in analytic number theory. The most usually seen definition of the Riemann zeta function is a Dirichlet series, as are the Dirichlet L-functions. Specifically, the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) is the Dirichlet series of the constant unit function u(n), namely:

where D(u, s) denotes the Dirichlet series of u(n).
It is conjectured that the Selberg class of series obeys the generalized Riemann hypothesis. The series is named in honor of Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet.
Yanaida Nunōyama Kofun
Yanaida Nunōyama Kofun (柳田布尾山古墳) is a kofun burial mound located in the Yanaida neighborhood of the city of Himi, Toyama in the Hokuriku region of Japan. The tumulus has been protected as a National Historic Site since 2001.

Himi, Toyama
Himi (氷見市, Himi-shi) is a city in western Toyama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2018, the city had an estimated population of 48,275 in 17,632 households, and a population density of 210 persons per km2. Its total area is 230.56 square kilometres (89.02 sq mi). Himi is known primarily for its commercial fishing industry. The city was founded on August 1, 1952.
ReDoS
A regular expression denial of service (ReDoS)
is an algorithmic complexity attack that produces a denial-of-service by providing a regular expression (regex) and/or an input that takes a long time to evaluate. The attack exploits the fact that many regular expression implementations have super-linear worst-case complexity; on certain regex-input pairs, the time taken can grow polynomially or exponentially in relation to the input size. An attacker can thus cause a program to spend substantial time by providing a specially crafted regular expression and/or input. The program will then slow down or become unresponsive.

Algorithmic complexity attack
An algorithmic complexity attack (ACA) is a form of attack in which an attacker sends a pattern of requests to a computer system that triggers the worst-case performance of the algorithms it uses. In turn, this may exhaust the resources the system uses. Examples of such attacks include ReDOS, zip bombs and exponential entity expansion attacks.
Facial nerve paralysis
Facial nerve paralysis is a common problem that involves the paralysis of any structures innervated by the facial nerve. The pathway of the facial nerve is long and relatively convoluted, so there are a number of causes that may result in facial nerve paralysis. The most common is Bell's palsy, a disease of unknown cause that may only be diagnosed by exclusion of identifiable serious causes.

Facial motor nucleus
The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). These lower motor neurons innervate the muscles of facial expression and the stapedius.