hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eakin v. Raub
Eakin v. Raub, 12 Sergeant & Rawle 330 (Pa. 1825), was a Pennsylvania Supreme Court case that ruled that the state supreme court had the right to review legislative acts and declare those acts as void if they contradict the state's constitution. Through this decision, the court adopted an approach to judicial review consistent with the 1803 ruling of Marbury v. Madison. The case is most notable for the dissent of Judicial Review from Justice John Bannister Gibson, which challenged the position that a supreme court should be the final arbiter of constitutional questions.

The case was initially filed in the Court of Common Pleas for Northampton County, Pennsylvania, by James Eakin and Ann Simpson in an attempt to achieve an ejectment of Daniel Raub, Edmund Porter, Samuel Sitgreaves, Hugh Ross, John Lippens and John Ross, who owned property in Pennsylvania while residing overseas.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System. It began in 1684 as the Provincial Court, and casual references to it as the "Supreme Court" of Pennsylvania were made official in 1722 upon its reorganization as an entity separate from the control of the colonial governor. It is the oldest appellate court in the United States, a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania maintains a discretionary docket, meaning that the Court may choose which cases it accepts, with the exception of mandatory death penalty appeals, and certain appeals from the original jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Court. This discretion allows the Court to wield powerful influence on the formation and interpretation of Pennsylvania law.
Whales Alive
Whales Alive is a 1987 album of improvisational duets and sometimes trios between Paul Winter, Paul Halley, and recordings of humpback whales. Winter and Halley also collaborate with Leonard Nimoy, who reads poems and prose from various writers, including D. H. Lawrence and Roger Payne. The audio recordings made of the whales for this recording were used in the Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (Nov. 1986) movie (for which Nimoy directed and reprised his character Spock), featuring the whales nicknamed "George and Gracie".

Roger Payne
Roger Searle Payne (January 29, 1935 – June 10, 2023) was an American biologist and environmentalist famous for his 1967 discovery (with Scott McVay) of whale song among humpback whales. Payne later became an important figure in the worldwide campaign to end commercial whaling.
Diwakar
Dhivagaran Santhosh (also known as Diwakar) is an Indian playback singer and live performer. He is best known for winning Airtel Super Singer 4, a Tamil language musical reality TV show which was telecast from February 4th 2013 to February 1st 2014 on Vijay TV.

Super Singer 4
Airtel Super Singer 4, the fourth season of Airtel Super Singer, premiered on 4 February 2013. The show was a reality-based Indian singing competition in Tamil that aired on STAR Vijay. It was designed to be a talent hunt to find the best voice of Tamil Nadu. Judges for the auditions were Ananth Vaidyanathan, S.P. Sailaja, Devan Ekambaram, Nithyasree Mahadevan, Mahathi, Pop Shalini, S. Sowmya, Mano and Malgudi Subha. Some of these judges along with other noted musicians reappeared as Guest judges. To name a few- S. Janaki, M. S. Viswanathan, A. R. Rahman, P. Susheela, Asha Bhosle, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vairamuthu, L. R. Eswari and Vani Jairam. Judges for the main competition were Sujatha, Mano, Unnikrishnan and Srinivas. Makapa Anand, Priyanka Deshpande, and Bhavana were the hosts for the show. The voice trainer was Ananth Vaidyanathan. The show aired on weekdays at 9:00 pm IST.
HMS E42
HMS E42 was a British E-class submarine built by Cammell Laird, Birkenhead. She was launched on 22 October 1915 and commissioned in July 1916. She served during the First World War, hitting with a torpedo the battlecruiser SMS Moltke on 25 April 1918 and making an unsuccessful attack on U-92 on 1 July 1918.
E42 was sold for scrap at Poole on 6 September 1922.

SM U-92
SM U-92 was one of 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She was engaged in the commerce warfare in the First Battle of the Atlantic.

Construction of U-92 was ordered in August 1915, and her keel was laid down in August 1916 at the Kaiserliche Werft yard in Danzig.  She was launched in October 1917, and sunk by mine 9 September 1918.
Bow (watercraft)
The bow (/baʊ/) is the forward part of the hull of a ship or boat, the point that is farthest forward when the vessel is underway in the usual direction. The aft end of the boat is the stern.

Prow may be used as a synonym for bow, or it may refer specifically to the foremost part of the bow above the waterline.

Ship
A ship  is a large watercraft designed for travel across the surface of a body of water, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized tasks such as warfare, oceanography and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce.

The word ship has meant, depending on era and context, either simply a large vessel or specifically a full-rigged ship with three or more masts, each of which is square rigged.

The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BC. In 2024, ships had a global cargo capacity of 2.4 billion tons, with the three largest classes being ships carrying dry bulk (43%), oil tankers (28%) and container ships (14%).
Byron Preiss
Byron Preiss (April 11, 1953 – July 9, 2005) was an American writer, editor, and publisher.  He founded and served as president of Byron Preiss Visual Publications, and later of ibooks Inc. Many of his projects were in the forms of graphic novels, comics, illustrated books, and children's books. Beyond traditional printed books, Preiss frequently embraced emerging technologies, and was recognized as a pioneer in digital publishing and as among the first to publish in such formats as CD-ROM books and ebooks.

Chandler: Red Tide
Chandler: Red Tide is a 1976 illustrated novel, an early form of graphic novel, by writer-artist Jim Steranko.

The digest-sized book combines typeset text with two same-sized illustrations per page, utilizing no word balloons or other traditional comics text conventions. A hard-boiled detective novel in the film noir style, its protagonist is a private detective named Chandler (an homage to author Raymond Chandler) who is hired by a man who claims to have been poisoned by the same people responsible for a notorious gangland slaying.  As Chandler tracks down witnesses, each begins to turn up dead.
4607 Seilandfarm
4607 Seilandfarm, provisional designation 1987 WR, is a rare-type binary asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 25 November 1987, by Japanese amateur astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at Kitami Observatory on the Japanese island of Hokkaidō. It was named for a dairy and cattle farm with the same name, located near the Japanese city of Kitami.

Kazuro Watanabe
Kazuo Watanabe (渡辺 和郎, Watanabe Kazuo; born May 1, 1955) is a Japanese amateur astronomer and prolific discoverer of minor planets. He was born in Hokkaidō, Japan and is a member of the Astronomical Society of Japan as well as of the Oriental Astronomical Association.

Through publications and the direction of junior associates, this asteroid hunter has been responsible for the discovery of nearly 700 asteroids, many of them in association with Kin Endate. He is the author or the co-author of the Japanese publications Asteroid Hunter (小惑星ハンター), Celestial Body Photography Manual (天体写真マニュアル), The Celestial Sky of Our Dreams (僕らの夢の星空), as well as others. He also is a frequent contributor to the Japanese periodical Monthly Astronomical Guide (月刊天文ガイド).

The minor planet 4155 Watanabe has been named in his honor.
HMS Scorpion (1794)
HMS Scorpion was a Dutch hoy that the Admiralty purchased in 1794. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy in March 1794 under Lieutenant Thomas Crocker for the Channel Islands. She and several of her sister ships (Lion, Eagle, Repulse, and Tiger), formed part of a short-lived squadron under Philippe d'Auvergne at Jersey.

She was paid off in 1795, but recommissioned in September under Lieutenant George Bell. In June 1799 Lieutenant William Osborn assumed command. She was at Poole in 1801 and 1802.

The navy sold her in November 1804 at Portsmouth.

Philippe d'Auvergne
Vice-Admiral Philippe d'Auvergne (13 November 1754 – 18 September 1816) was a Royal Navy officer who served in the American War of Independence and French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. D'Auvergne also worked as a spymaster for British intelligence, engaging in plots to destabilise the First French Republic's control over Brittany and Normandy which included printing counterfeit money to cause hyperinflation.
Man, West Virginia
Man is a town in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 772 at the 2020 census.  The town is located along the Guyandotte River at the mouth of Buffalo Creek, which was the site of the 1972 Buffalo Creek Flood following a dam collapse. The name of the town reportedly derives from the last syllable of the surname of Ulysses Hinchman, who was a member of the House of Delegates from Logan County between 1866 and 1869.

Logan County, West Virginia
Logan County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,567. Its county seat is Logan.  Logan County comprises the Logan, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV–OH–KY Combined Statistical Area.
Galateia
Galateia (Greek: Γαλάτεια, Turkish: Mehmetçik, "Little Soldier") is a village in the Famagusta District of Cyprus, located on the Karpass peninsula. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus, where it is a municipality belonging to the district of Iskele.

A traditional Turkish village sitting high on a hillside overlooking the valley below, Galáteia is most famous for its summer grape festival, for which people travel from all over Cyprus and the world to attend.

Renowned for the grapes harvested from its vineyards, they are one of the most exported products to other areas of Cyprus. It is also well known for producing wine, a Cypriot pomace brandy called Zivania, and a traditional grape sweet called Sucuk.

Karpas Peninsula
The Karpas Peninsula (Greek: Καρπασία, romanized: Karpasía; Turkish: Karpaz), also known as the Karpass, Karpaz or Karpasia, is a long, finger-like peninsula that is one of the most prominent geographical features of the island of Cyprus.  Its farthest extent is Cape Apostolos Andreas, and its major population centre is the town of Rizokarpaso (Greek: Ριζοκάρπασο; Turkish: Dipkarpaz). It is currently under the de facto control of the internationally-unrecognised state of Northern Cyprus.
Ente Mohangal Poovaninju
Ente Mohangal Poovaninju (transl. My wishes bloomed) is a 1982 Indian Malayalam-language romance film written and directed by Bhadran (in his directorial debut), starring Shankar, Menaka and Mohanlal. The film features music composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy. The film was remade in Tamil as Isai Paadum Thendral.

Isai Paadum Thendral
Isai Paadum Thendral (transl. The Musical Breeze) is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language film directed by S. Devaraj. The film stars Sivakumar, Ambika and Jayarekha. It is a remake of the 1982 Malayalam film Ente Mohangal Poovaninju. The film was released on 12 June 1986.
Legends of Sambo
Legends of Sambo, also known as  The Legend of Sambo (Russian: Легенда о самбо, romanized: Legenda o sambo) is a 2023 Russian biographical sports-drama by Andrey Bogatyrev which tells the story of the origins of the Soviet martial art Sambo.

Viktor Spiridonov
Viktor Afanasievich Spiridonov (20 December 1882 – 9 September 1944) was a researcher of various kinds of wrestling and martial arts, a Merited Master of Sports of the USSR, and a Honored Coach of the USSR. He was one of the founders of Sambo, a martial art developed in the Soviet Union.
Arthur Keegan
Arthur Keegan (6 November 1938 – 3 November 2008), also known by the nickname of "Ollie", was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and coached in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Yorkshire, and at club level for West Town Boys ARLFC (in Dewsbury), Hull F.C., Bramley and Batley, as a goal-kicking fullback, and was captain of Hull between 1965 and 1971. He coached at representative level for Yorkshire, and at club level for Bramley, after serving in the Duke of Wellington's Regiment.

Batley Bulldogs
The Batley Bulldogs are an English professional rugby league club in Batley, West Yorkshire, who play in the Championship. Batley were one of the original twenty-two rugby football clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. They were League Champions in 1924 and have won three Challenge Cups.
Processing Instruction
A processing instruction (PI) is an SGML and XML node type, which may occur anywhere in a document, intended to carry instructions to the application.

Processing instructions are exposed in the Document Object Model as Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE, and they can be used in XPath and XQuery with the 'processing-instruction()' command.

Standard Generalized Markup Language
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates":

Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments.

Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases.

DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools.
The Purge (2013 film)
The Purge is a 2013 American action horror film written and directed by James DeMonaco. It is the first installment in the Purge franchise.

Set in the year 2022, the film stars Ethan Hawke, Lena Headey, Adelaide Kane, and Max Burkholder as members of a wealthy family who find themselves endangered by a gang of murderers during the annual Purge, a night during which all crime, including murder, is temporarily legal.

The film premiered at the Stanley Film Festival on May 2, 2013, and released in theaters on June 7, 2013, in the United States.

The Purge was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on October 8, 2013. A 4K UHD Blu-ray release occurred on June 12, 2018.

James DeMonaco
James DeMonaco (born October 12, 1969) is an American filmmaker. He is best known for creating the Purge franchise, writing all five films in the series and directing the first three, The Purge (2013), Anarchy (2014), and Election Year (2016).

DeMonaco's first produced screenplay was the Robin Williams comedy Jack (1996), directed by Francis Ford Coppola.
SystemVerilog
SystemVerilog, standardized as IEEE 1800 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), is a hardware description and hardware verification language commonly used to model, design, simulate, test and implement electronic systems in the semiconductor and electronic design industry. SystemVerilog is an extension of Verilog.

Typedef
typedef is a reserved keyword in the programming languages C, C++, and Objective-C. It is used to create an additional name (alias) for another data type, but does not create a new type, except in the obscure case of a qualified typedef of an array type where the typedef qualifiers are transferred to the array element type. As such, it is often used to simplify the syntax of declaring complex data structures consisting of struct and union types, although it is also commonly used to provide specific descriptive type names for integer data types of varying sizes.
Ezra Convis
Ezra Convis (died February 27, 1837) was the first speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives and the founder of Verona, Michigan.

Convis was a born in Vermont. He later moved to Silver Creek, Chautauqua County, New York. He first visited Michigan, specifically Battle Creek, in 1832. He moved to Michigan in 1834, settling the town of Verona. He served as a delegate to the 1835 Michigan constitutional convention, where he represented the 10th district. In 1835 he was elected to the new Michigan House of Representatives and was chosen as the first speaker of the house. Convis was re-elected in 1837 but died that year as a result of a sleigh accident that occurred while he was returning to Detroit (then the capital of Michigan) from attending the wedding of a daughter of Mr. Ten Eyck in Dearborn.

Convis was a Jacksonian Democrat. He was a Freemason and a Baptist.

Silver Creek, New York
Silver Creek is a village in the town of Hanover in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 2,637. Silver Creek is named after a small creek which runs through the village. It is on the shore of Lake Erie.
Jennifer Ward (journalist)
Jennifer Ward (born October 8, 1957) is a Canadian broadcast journalist, and an anchor with CTV News Channel since 1999.

Ward joined Toronto's CFTO in August 1988 as a reporter and was promoted to news anchor in September.  She then moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. in July 1991 to become anchor and reporter for KYW-TV.  In this role she worked as the first solo female anchor for the evening news in Philadelphia.  Five years later she moved to co-host Fox Television's morning program Good Day Philadelphia, which lasted until 1999.  In this role, she won two Emmys.

As of 2014, she works as a news anchor for the national cable channel CTV News Channel and CTV's Canada AM.  Ward is the morning weekend anchor on CTV News Channel, as well as a regular anchor on Canada AM.

KYW-TV
KYW-TV (channel 3), branded CBS Philadelphia, is a television station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is owned and operated by the CBS television network through its CBS News and Stations division alongside WPSG (channel 57), an independent station. The two outlets share studios on Hamilton Street north of Center City, Philadelphia; KYW-TV's transmitter is located in the city's Roxborough section.

KYW-TV, along with sister station KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, are the only CBS-affiliated stations east of the Mississippi River with "K" call signs.
Barry 40
The Barry 40 is a 40-mile ultramarathon which takes place annually in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, claiming to be the longest running annual ultramarathon in the UK. The 30th annual Barry 40 Mile race was held at Jenner Park Stadium, Barry. Both world records were set within this race.

Barry, Vale of Glamorgan
Barry (/ˈbæri/; Welsh: Y Barri; pronounced [ə ˈbari]) is a town and community in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It is on the north coast of the Bristol Channel approximately 9 miles (14 km) south-southwest of Cardiff. Barry is a seaside resort, with attractions including several beaches and the resurrected Barry Island Pleasure Park. According to Office for National Statistics 2021 estimate data, the population of Barry was 56,605.

The town of Barry has absorbed its larger neighbouring villages of Cadoxton and Barry Island. It grew significantly from the 1880s with the development of Barry Docks, which, in 1913, was the largest coal port in the world.
A Perfect Day Elise
"A Perfect Day Elise" is a song by English alternative rock musician PJ Harvey. Written solely by Harvey, the song was released as the lead single from her fourth studio album, Is This Desire? (1998), in September 1998 through Island Records. The song became Harvey's highest charting single in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 25. It also charted at number 33 on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks, becoming one of Harvey’s biggest US hits.  An accompanying music video for the song, directed by Harvey's frequent collaborator Maria Mochnacz, was released in 1998.

Is This Desire?
Is This Desire? is the fourth studio album by the English musician PJ Harvey, released on 28 September 1998 by Island Records. It was re-released on vinyl LP in late January, 2021. A separate demo compilation of tracks from the album titled Is This Desire? – Demos was also released on vinyl LP and CD.
Linden, Guyana
Linden is the second largest city in Guyana after Georgetown, and capital of the Upper Demerara-Berbice region, located at 6°0′0″N 58°18′0″W﻿ / ﻿6.00000°N 58.30000°W﻿ / 6.00000; -58.30000, altitude 48 m (160 ft). It was declared a town in 1970, and includes the communities of MacKenzie, Christianburg, and Wismar. It lies on the Demerara River and has a population of 33,183 as of 2022. It is primarily a bauxite mining town, containing many mines 60–90 m deep, with many other pits now in disuse.

Upper Demerara-Berbice
Upper Demerara-Berbice (Region 10) is a region of Guyana, bordering the regions of Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Demerara-Mahaica and Mahaica-Berbice to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east, and the regions of Potaro-Siparuni and Cuyuni-Mazaruni to the west.

It contains Guyana's second largest city, Linden, with notable villages including Ituni, Kwakwani, Kurupukari, Rockstone and Takama.

Kimbia is the first training center to house the Guyana National Service. The Pioneer Corps was started in 1974, with the establishment of Kimbia Center on the Berbice River.
Theresa Eslund
Theresa Eslund (née Nielsen; born 20 July 1986) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a defender for Brøndby IF in the Danish A-Liga and the Danish national team. She is currently the Brøndby IF Head of Player Development.

Eslund previously played for Reign FC of the American National Women's Soccer League, Melbourne City of the Australian W-League, and Vålerenga in Norway's Toppserien. She was named Danish Women's Footballer of the Year in 2012. Eslund announced her player retirement in 2021, after more than 20 years as a footballer.

UEFA Women's Euro 2017
The 2017 UEFA European Women's Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Women's Euro 2017, was the 12th edition of the UEFA Women's Championship, the quadrennial international football championship organised by UEFA for the women's national teams of Europe. The competition was expanded to 16 teams (from 12 teams in the previous edition).

The Netherlands was chosen to host the tournament by the UEFA Executive Committee on 4 December 2014.

Germany's 22-year reign as champions of Europe was ended after losing 1–2 to Denmark in the quarter-finals. It was only Germany's second loss in the tournament since 1993. Another former winner, Norway, lost to both finalists, the Netherlands and Denmark, and ended without any goals or points.

The Netherlands won their first ever title since the men's UEFA Euro 1988 by beating fellow first time finalists Denmark 4–2 in the final.

Austria, Belgium, Portugal, Scotland and Switzerland made their debuts at the tournament.