hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion
The Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) program and the preceding Nuclear Energy for the Propulsion of Aircraft (NEPA) project worked to develop a nuclear propulsion system for aircraft. The United States Army Air Forces initiated Project NEPA on May 28, 1946. NEPA operated until May 1951, when the project was transferred to the joint Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)/USAF ANP. The USAF pursued two different systems for nuclear-powered jet engines, the Direct Air Cycle concept, which was developed by General Electric, and Indirect Air Cycle, which was assigned to Pratt & Whitney.  The program was intended to develop and test the Convair X-6, but was canceled in 1961 before that aircraft was built. The total cost of the program from 1946 to 1961 was about $1 billion.

Nuclear-powered aircraft
A nuclear-powered aircraft is a concept for an aircraft intended to be powered by nuclear energy. The intention was to produce a jet engine that would heat compressed air with heat from fission, instead of heat from burning fuel. During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union researched nuclear-powered bomber aircraft, the greater endurance of which could enhance nuclear deterrence, but neither country created any such operational aircraft.

One inadequately solved design problem was the need for heavy shielding to protect the crew and those on the ground from radiation; other potential problems included dealing with crashes.

Some missile designs included nuclear-powered hypersonic cruise missiles.

However, the advent of ICBMs and nuclear submarines in the 1960s greatly diminished the strategic advantage of such aircraft, and respective projects were canceled.
City of Hume
The City of Hume is a local government area located within the metropolitan area of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It includes the outer north-western suburbs, including the major centres of Broadmeadows, Craigieburn and Sunbury, as well as a number of rural localities between 13 and 40 kilometres from the Melbourne city centre.

It has an area of 504 square kilometres, and in June 2018 it had a population of 224,394. The City was formed on 15 December 1994 after the amalgamation of most of the City of Broadmeadows, the Shire of Bulla and parts of the City of Keilor and City of Whittlesea.

The City was Australia's first local government to introduce a Bill of Rights for its denizens in 2004, following the establishment of a Social Justice Charter in 2001. This Bill of Rights predates the State Government's Charter of Rights and Responsibilities by three years, and is more sweeping in that it explicitly includes economic, social, and cultural rights.

Shire of Bulla
The Shire of Bulla was a local government area about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 422.17 square kilometres (163.0 sq mi), and existed from 1862 until 1994.
Ephebophilia
Ephebophilia is the primary sexual interest in mid-to-late adolescents, generally ages 15 to 19 and showing Tanner stages 4 to 5 of physical development. The term was originally used in the late 19th to mid-20th century. It is one of a number of sexual preferences across age groups subsumed under the technical term chronophilia. Ephebophilia strictly denotes the preference for mid-to-late adolescent sexual partners, not the mere presence of some level of sexual attraction. It is not a psychiatric diagnosis.

In research environments, specific terms are used for chronophilias: for instance, ephebophilia to refer to the sexual preference for mid-to-late adolescents, hebephilia to refer to the sexual preference for earlier pubescent individuals, and pedophilia to refer to the primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescent children.

Chronophilia
Chronophilia are forms of romantic preferences and/or sexual attractions limited to individuals of particular age ranges. Some such attractions, specifically those towards prepubescents and those towards the elderly, constitute types of paraphilia. The term was coined by John Money and has not been widely adopted by sexologists, who instead use terms that refer to the specific age range in question. An arguable historical precursor was Richard von Krafft-Ebing's concept of "age fetishism". Importantly, chronophilia are technically not determined by age itself, but by human sexual maturity stages, such as body type, secondary sexual characteristics and other visible features, particularly as measured by the stages of the Tanner scale.
Paavo Vesterinen
Paavo Viktor Vesterinen (2 March 1918, in Laukaa – 26 June 1993) was a Finnish farmer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1975 to 1987, representing the Centre Party. Vihtori Vesterinen was his father.

Vihtori Vesterinen
Vihtori Vesterinen (27 January 1885 in Kivijärvi – 28 June 1958) was a Finnish farmer and politician. He served as Deputy Minister of Agriculture from 31 March 1925 to 13 December 1926 and again from 17 December 1927 to 16 October 1928, Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 7 October 1936 to 13 December 1937, Minister of Agriculture from 9 November 1945 to 29 July 1948, Deputy Minister of Social Affairs from 17 March 1950 to 17 January 1951, Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 31 March 1950 to 17 January 1951 and Minister of Social Affairs from 17 January to 20 September 1951. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 to 1951, representing the Agrarian League. He was the father of Paavo Vesterinen.
Karl Mannheim
Karl Mannheim (born Károly Manheim, 27 March 1893 – 9 January 1947) was a Hungarian sociologist and a key figure in classical sociology as well as one of the founders of the sociology of knowledge. Mannheim is best known for his book Ideology and Utopia (1929/1936), in which he distinguishes between partial and total ideologies, the latter representing comprehensive worldviews distinctive to particular social groups, and also between ideologies that provide support for existing social arrangements, and utopias, which look to the future and propose a transformation of society.

Sonntagskreis
The Sonntagskreis (Hungarian: Vasárnapi Kör, "Sunday Circle") was an intellectual discussion group in Budapest, Hungary, between 1915 and 1918. The main focus of the group was on the relationship between ideas and the social and historical context of those ideas, a line of thought that led towards the later concepts of "social history of art" and "sociology of knowledge".
Zeeland Bridge
The Zeeland Bridge (Dutch: Zeelandbrug) is the longest bridge in the Netherlands. The bridge spans the Eastern Scheldt estuary. It connects the islands of Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland in the province of Zeeland.

The Zeeland Bridge was built between 1963 and 1965. It was inaugurated on 15 December 1965 by Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, and was originally called Eastern Scheldt Bridge (Dutch: Oosterscheldebrug) before being renamed the Zealand Bridge on 13 April 1967. At the time of its completion, it was the longest bridge in Europe. It has a total length of 5,022 metres, and consists of 48 spans of 95 metres, 2 spans of 72.5 metres and a movable bridge with a width of 40 metres.

The province of Zeeland borrowed the money for the construction of the bridge. The loan was repaid by levying tolls for the first 24 years.

Eastern Scheldt
The Eastern Scheldt (Dutch: Oosterschelde) is a former estuary in the province of Zeeland, Netherlands, between Schouwen-Duiveland and Tholen on the north and Noord-Beveland and Zuid-Beveland on the south. It also features the largest national park in the Netherlands, founded in 2002.
Ratlam State
Ratlam State was a 13 gun salute (15 local) princely state in India, part of the Malwa Agency of Central India during the British Raj.

The state's capital was Ratlam town in modern Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh. Ratlam State was originally a prosperous kingdom, its parganas included Dharad (Ratlam), Raoti, Dhamnod, Badnawar, Dagparawa, Alot, Titrod, Kotri, Gadgucha, Agar, Nahargarh, Kanar, Bhilara and Ramgharia yielding a revenue of Rs.53,00,000 in the 17th century. Maharaja Ratan Singh Rathore of Ratlam supported Dara Shukoh during the Mughal succession war. However Dara Shukoh lost and Ratan Singh was killed in battle. The new emperor Aurangzeb annexed Ratlam and reduced the state to a great extent. The state further lost land to the Scindias of Gwalior. During British rule in 1901 the state had an area of 1795 km2 and an estimated revenue of Rs.8,00,000.

Ratlam district
Ratlam district (Hindi pronunciation: [ɾət̪.laːm]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Ratlam is administrative headquarters of the district.Ratlam district is located in western part of Madhya Pradesh.
Tubax
The tubax is a modified contrabass saxophone developed in 1999 by the German instrument maker Benedikt Eppelsheim. Eppelsheim's design uses the same fingering as the saxophone, while reducing the amount of expansion of its conical bore in relation to the length of tubing. This design modification results in a smaller volume of resonant air column, allowing the use of a smaller mouthpiece (baritone or bass size, instead of a larger contrabass mouthpiece), and more compactly folded tubing. The tubax exists in E♭ contrabass and B♭ or C subcontrabass sizes. Its name is a blend of the words "tuba" and "sax".

Contrabass
Contrabass (from Italian: contrabbasso) refers to several musical instruments of very low pitch—generally one octave below bass register instruments. While the term most commonly refers to the double bass (which is the bass instrument in the orchestral string family, tuned lower than the cello), many other instruments in the contrabass register exist.

The term "contrabass" is relative, usually denoting a very low-pitched instrument of its type, rather than one in a particular range.

For example, the contrabass flute's lowest note is approximately an octave higher than that of the contrabass clarinet.

Instruments tuned below contrabass instruments, such as the double contrabass flute or subcontrabass saxophone, may be referred to as "double contrabass," "triple contrabass," "subcontrabass," or "octocontrabass" instruments.

On the other hand, the "contrabass" classification often includes such instruments.
Station HYPO
Station HYPO, also known as Fleet Radio Unit Pacific (FRUPAC), was the United States Navy signals monitoring and cryptographic intelligence unit in Hawaii during World War II. It was one of two major Allied signals intelligence units, called Fleet Radio Units in the Pacific theaters, along with FRUMEL in Melbourne, Australia. The station took its initial name from the phonetic code at the time for "H" for Heʻeia, Hawaii radio tower. The precise importance and role of HYPO in penetrating the Japanese naval codes has been the subject of considerable controversy, reflecting internal tensions amongst US Navy cryptographic stations.

HYPO was under the control of the OP-20-G Naval Intelligence section in Washington. Before the attack on Pearl Harbor of December 7, 1941, and for some time afterwards, HYPO was in the basement of the Old Administration Building at Pearl Harbor. Later on, a new building was constructed for the station, though it had been reorganized and renamed by then.

Joseph Rochefort
Joseph John Rochefort (May 12, 1900 – July 20, 1976) was an American naval officer and cryptanalyst. He was a major figure in the United States Navy's cryptographic and intelligence operations from 1925 to 1946, particularly in the Battle of Midway. His contributions and those of his team were pivotal to victory in the Pacific War.
LGBTQ culture in Liverpool
The LGBT community in Liverpool, England is one of the largest in the United Kingdom and has a recorded history since the 18th century. Many historic LGBT firsts and pioneering moments in the LGBT rights movement either took place in Liverpool or were achieved by citizens of the city.

In the 2021 UK Census, 123,367 people in the Liverpool City Region as a whole described their sexual orientation as gay or lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, asexual, queer, other or did not specify an answer. The figure was around 94,000 by mid-2009. - equivalent to the GLB population of San Francisco, making it the single largest minority group on Merseyside.

Stanley Street, Liverpool
Stanley Street, in the centre of Liverpool, England, runs south between Dale Street and Whitechapel.  As well as being home to numerous businesses ranging from estate agents, solicitors, bars and restaurants, there are also apartments in upper floors of some of the buildings. As part of the Big Dig, the southern half of the street between Whitechapel and Victoria Street was repaved in 2007, and is used as a taxi-rank serving Liverpool's central shopping district and Mathew Street.

Stanley Street is also the symbolic heart of Liverpool's Pride Quarter.
Lambung Mangkurat Museum
Lambung Mangkurat Museum is a museum in  Ahmad Yani 36 street, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The museum has a notable collection of artifacts related to the Banjar and Dayak peoples, with many items being excavated from archaeological sites all around Kalimantan. It is also home to an array of ancient Hindu objects.

Banjarbaru
Banjarbaru is the capital city of South Kalimantan, one of the provinces in Indonesia. It is located 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Banjarmasin, the largest city of the province. The city had a population of 199,627 as of the 2010 Census, and 253,442 at the 2020 Census, and the official population estimate (as at mid 2024) was 285,546 (comprising 143,255 males and 142,291 females). The large town of Martapura, with 158,186 inhabitants in 2024 (in Martapura and Martapura Timur Districts), lies immediately to the north of Banjarbaru in Banjar Regency, and in effect constitutes an extension of the city. The second largest city in the province after Banjarmasin, it is also part of Banjarbakula metropolitan area.
2023 Independence Bowl
The 2023 Independence Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 16, 2023, at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. The 47th annual Independence Bowl game featured the Texas Tech Red Raiders from the Big 12 Conference and the California Golden Bears from the Pac-12 Conference. The game began at approximately 8:15 p.m. CST and was aired on ESPN. The Independence Bowl was one of the 2023–24 bowl games concluding 2023 FBS football season. The bowl game was sponsored by engineering services company Radiance Technologies and was officially known as the Radiance Technologies Independence Bowl.

2023 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team
The 2023 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University in the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Red Raiders played their home games at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas, and competed in the Big 12 Conference. They were led by second-year head coach Joey McGuire. The Texas Tech Red Raiders football team drew an average home attendance of 54,491 in 2023.

The team started 0–2 for the first time since 1990, after losing to both Wyoming and Oregon. The Red Raiders would win their first game of the season in week 3, defeating FCS Tarleton State 41–3. However, starting quarterback Tyler Shough would be injured the following week against West Virginia as the Red Raiders lost 13–20. The team rebounded and finished the rest of the season going 5–3, including an upset win over no. 16 Kansas on the road, to finish the regular season 6–6 with a Big 12 record of 5–4. The Red Raiders were invited to the Independence Bowl, where they defeated California 34–14.
Ngamiani Kati
Ngamiani Kati (Ngamiani Kati, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Usagara and Ngamiani Kaskazini form the eastern and northern boundaries of the ward, respectively. Ngamiani Kusini is to the south, while Majengo Ward is to the west. The ward covers an area of 0.3 km2 (0.12 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 15 m (49 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 4,755.

Ngamiani Kusini
Ngamiani Kusini (Ngamiani Kusini, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Ngamiani Kati forms the northern boundary of the ward. Usagara and Makorora border the ward to the east. Msambweni is in the south. Majengo and Mwanzange are located to the west.
The ward covers an area of 0.4 km2 (0.15 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 15 m (49 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 7,638.
Lattice phase equaliser
A lattice phase equaliser or lattice filter is an example of an all-pass filter. That is, the attenuation of the filter is constant at all frequencies but the relative phase between input and output varies with frequency. The lattice filter topology has the particular property of being a constant-resistance network and for this reason is often used in combination with other constant-resistance filters such as bridge-T equalisers. The topology of a lattice filter, also called an X-section, is identical to bridge topology. The lattice phase equaliser was invented by Otto Zobel using a filter topology proposed by George Campbell.

All-pass filter
An all-pass filter is a signal processing filter that passes all frequencies equally in gain, but changes the phase relationship among various frequencies. Most types of filter reduce the amplitude (i.e. the magnitude) of the signal applied to it for some values of frequency, whereas the all-pass filter allows all frequencies through without changes in level.
Bouleia
Bouleia is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida (family Calmoniidae) which existed during the lower Devonian in what is now Bolivia. It was described by Kozlowski in 1923, and the type species is B. dagincourti, which was originally described under the genus Phacops by Ulrich in 1892. It also contains the species B. sphaericeps, originally described by Kozlowski, also in 1923, as Dereimsia sphaericeps. The type locality was the Icla Formation in Padilla.

Phacops
Phacops is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae, that lived in Europe, northwestern Africa, North and South America and China from the Late Ordovician until the very end of the Devonian, with a broader time range described from the Late Ordovician. It was a rounded animal, with a globose head and large eyes, and probably fed on detritus. Phacops is often found rolled up ("volvation"), a biological defense mechanism that is widespread among smaller trilobites but further perfected in this genus.
Lassiter v. Northampton County Board of Elections
Lassiter v. Northampton County Board of Elections, 360 U.S. 45 (1959), was a case challenging the constitutionality of the rule of Northampton County, North Carolina requiring potential voters to pass a literacy test to vote, appealed from the Supreme Court of that state.

Northampton County, North Carolina
Northampton County (/nɔːrˈθæmptən/ ⓘ nor-THAMP-tən) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,471. Its county seat is Jackson. Northampton County is part of the Roanoke Rapids, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rocky Mount-Wilson-Roanoke Rapids, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Southport Leagues Club
The Southport Leagues Club is a rugby league club based in Southport, Queensland, Australia. The primary charter of SLCL is the promotion of Rugby league within the Gold Coast community and the operation of a profitable sporting club that reinvests in Rugby League and the local community.

Southport, Queensland
Southport is the most populous suburb in the City of Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. It contains the Gold Coast central business district. In the 2021 census, Southport had a population of 36,786 people.
Kokshetau Mountains
Kokshetau Mountains (Kazakh: Көкшетау тауы) or Kokshetau Massif is a mountain massif in the Akmola Region, Kazakhstan.

Shchuchinsk city and Burabay spa town are located in the massif. The mountains are part of the Burabay National Park, a protected area.

Burabay
Burabay (Kazakh: Бурабай), formerly Borovoye, is a settlement in Burabay District, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the Burabay rural district (KATO code - 117035100). Population: 4,225 (2009 census results); 5,523 (1999 census results).

Burabay is a spa town. The surrounding area is part of the Burabay National Park.
Morgan City, Mississippi
Morgan City, Mississippi is a town in Leflore County along Mississippi Highway 7. As of the 2020 census, Morgan City had a population of 207. It is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area.

Greenwood micropolitan area, Mississippi
The Greenwood Micropolitan Statistical Area is a micropolitan area in the northwestern Delta region of Mississippi that covers two counties - Leflore and Carroll. As of the 2000 census, the USA had a population of 48,716 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 44,841).
Belief merging
Belief merging, also called belief fusion or propositional belief merging, is a process in which an individual agent aggregates possibly conflicting pieces of information, expressed in logical formulae, into a consistent knowledge-base. Applications include combining conflicting sensor information received by the same agent (see sensor fusion) and combining multiple databases to build an expert system. It also has applications in multi-agent systems.

Belief aggregation
Belief aggregation, also called risk aggregation, opinion aggregation or probabilistic opinion pooling, is a process in which different probability distributions, produced by different experts, are combined to yield a single probability distribution.
British Academy Television Award for Best Male Comedy Performance
This page lists the winners and nominees for the British Academy Television Award for Best Male Comedy Performance, since its institution in 2009.

The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, children's film and television, and interactive media.

Since 2009 (presented in 2010), there have been two separate comedy performance awards for Best Male Comedy Performance and Best Female Comedy Performance. Previously one award for Best Comedy Performance was presented. Steve Coogan has won the award three times, and Jamie Demetriou twice.

British Academy Television Awards
British Academy Television Awards, or the BAFTA TV Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. They have been awarded annually since 1955. The BAFTA TV Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British and world television, equivalent to the BAFTA Film Awards for cinema, Laurence Olivier Awards for theatre, and the BRIT Awards for music. The BAFTA TV Awards are considered equivalent to the Emmy Awards.