hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Somersville, California
37°57′25″N 121°51′52″W﻿ / ﻿37.95694°N 121.86444°W﻿ / 37.95694; -121.86444

Somersville (also, Sommerville and Summerville) is an unincorporated ghost town in eastern Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is located 6 miles (10 km) north-northeast of Mount Diablo, at an elevation of 741 feet (226 m).

Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve
The Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve is a 6,000-acre (2,400 ha) park located north of Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County, California under the administration of the East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD). The district acquired the property in 1973. The preserve contains relics of 3 mining towns, former coal and sand mines, and offers guided tours of a former sand mine. The 60 miles (97 km) of trails in the Preserve cross rolling foothill terrain covered with grassland, California oak woodland, California mixed evergreen forest, and chaparral.
Joe Read
Joe Read is an American politician and former Republican member of the Montana House of Representatives.  He represented House District 15 from 2011 to 2013, and was defeated by Frosty Boss Ribs, who he originally defeated himself in 2010, in the 2012 election. Read received attention in 2011 for introducing a bill that global warming is "beneficial to the welfare and business climate of Montana".

Frosty Boss Ribs
Forrestina Calf "Frosty" Boss Ribs (born April 12, 1955) is an American politician. She was a Democratic member of the Montana House of Representatives, representing the 15th District from 2009 to 2011, until her defeat by 72 votes in 2010 by Republican Joe Read, after which she again represented the district from 2013 to 2015 after defeating Joe Read, who again ran for reelection, by 523 votes.

Additionally, she served as vice-chair of the Blackfeet Tribal Business Council, the governing body of the Blackfeet Nation. She resides on reservation land in Heart Butte.
Locomotive
A locomotive is a rail vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However, push–pull operation has become common, and in the pursuit for longer and heavier freight trains,  companies are increasingly using distributed power: single or multiple  locomotives placed at the front and rear and at intermediate points throughout the train under the control of the leading locomotive.

UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements
The UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements, sometimes known as the German classification or German system, describes the wheel arrangement of locomotives, multiple units and trams. It is used in much of the world, notable exceptions being the United Kingdom and North America.

The classification system is managed by the International Union of Railways (UIC).
Mormon Trail Center at Winter Quarters
The Mormon Trail Center at Winter Quarters is a museum and visitors' center of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located in the Florence neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The museum interprets the story of the Mormon Trail along with the history of a temporary Mormon settlement known as Winter Quarters, which was located in the Florence area between 1846 and 1848.

The museum is located on a bluff above and to the west of the Winter Quarters settlement site and is directly across the street from the historic Mormon Pioneer Cemetery and the Winter Quarters Nebraska Temple.

Winter Quarters (North Omaha, Nebraska)
Winter Quarters was an encampment formed by approximately 2,500 members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as they waited during the winter of 1846–47 for better conditions for their trek westward. It followed a preliminary tent settlement some 3½ miles west  at Cutler's Park. Members of the Church built more than 800 cabins at the Winter Quarters settlement. Located in present-day North Omaha overlooking the Missouri River, the settlement remained populated until 1848.
S. An-sky
Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport (Russian: Шлиом Аро́нович Рапопо́рт; October 27, 1863 – November 8, 1920), also known by his pen name S. An-sky, was a Jewish author, playwright, researcher of Jewish folklore, polemicist, and cultural and political activist. He is best known for his play The Dybbuk or Between Two Worlds, written in 1914, and for Di Shvue, the anthem of the Jewish socialist Bund. In 1912-1914, he led the Jewish Ethnographic Expedition to the Pale of Settlement.

In 1917, after the Russian Revolution, he was elected to the Russian Constituent Assembly as a Social-Revolutionary deputy.

Nathaniel Deutsch
Nathaniel Deutsch is a professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he holds the Baumgarten Endowed Chair in Jewish Studies. He is also the Director of the Center for Jewish Studies and the Director of the Humanities Institute.
Cochetopa Pass
Cochetopa Pass is a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of south-central Colorado. It lies on the Continental Divide between the city of Gunnison to the northwest and the town of Saguache to the southeast. It also lies on the boundary between the Gunnison and Rio Grande National Forests. Its name is taken from the Cochetopa Hills that it lies within, Cochetopa being the Ute Indian word for "pass of the buffalo".  The original pass is traversed by Saguache County Road NN14, a maintained gravel road. Another crossing, sometimes called North Cochetopa Pass and more often simply North Pass, is located nearby on State Highway 114, which is paved and reaches a slightly higher elevation.

Colorado State Highway 114
State Highway 114 (SH 114) is a 61.7 mi (99.3 km) long state highway in southern central Colorado. SH 114's western terminus is at U.S. Route 50 (US 50) east of Gunnison, and the eastern terminus is at US 285 in Saguache.
Hongoeka
Hongoeka is a community in the city of Porirua in New Zealand. It is northwest of Plimmerton and adjacent to Hongoeka Bay. It extends from an urupā (cemetery) boundary at the end of Moana Road, to Haukōpua (commonly known as Big Bay). A residential area is situated in Hongoeka Bay itself and takes up flat land and lower hillsides. It is bordered by bush clad hills and farmland, and looks out over a broad sweep of rugged coastline towards Whitireia and Mana Island, and to the South Island beyond.

Writer Patricia Grace lives in the area.

Porirua
Porirua, (Māori: Pari-ā-Rua) a city in the Wellington Region of the North Island of New Zealand, is one of the four cities that constitute the Wellington metropolitan area. The name 'Porirua' is a corruption of 'Pari-rua', meaning "the tide sweeping up both reaches". It almost completely surrounds Porirua Harbour at the southern end of the Kāpiti Coast. As of 2023, Porirua has a population of 62,400 people,
and is a diverse city with 26.5% of the population identifying as Pasifika   and 23.0% of the population identifying as Māori.
Cemaes Head
Cemaes Head (formerly Cemais, and historically anglicised as Cemmaes, Kemmaes or Kemmes) (Welsh: Pen Cemaes or Trwyn Cemaes) is a headland and nature reserve in north Pembrokeshire.  It lies in the community of St Dogmaels, within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. To the west and north it overlooks Cardigan Bay, and to the east Cardigan Island and the estuary of the River Teifi.

Cardigan Bay
Cardigan Bay (Welsh: Bae Ceredigion) is a large inlet of the Irish Sea, indenting the west coast of Wales between Bardsey Island, Gwynedd in the north, and Strumble Head, Pembrokeshire at its southern end. It is the largest bay in Wales.
Cybuster
Cybuster (魔装機神サイバスター, Masō Kishin Saibasutā; lit. "Demon Machine God Armor Cybuster") is a 26-episode anime produced by Bandai Visual, NAS, and TV Tokyo. It was animated by Ashi Productions and it aired in Japan between May 3, 1999, and October 25, 1999.

It is loosely based on original characters and the Cybuster mech from the video game series Super Robot Wars.

Ashi Productions
Ashi Productions Co., Ltd (Japanese: 株式会社葦プロダクション, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Ashi Purodakushon) is a Japanese anime studio, located in Suginami, Tokyo, Japan, known for its four magical-girl anime, especially Magical Princess Minky Momo. It was established by Toshihiko Sato and other artists on December 20, 1975, as Ashi Productions.  It changed its name from Ashi Productions to Production Reed Co., Ltd. (株式会社プロダクション リード) on November 1, 2007.  On February 12, 2019, the company changed its name back to Ashi Productions.
Polygon-circle graph
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a polygon-circle graph is an intersection graph of a set of convex polygons all of whose vertices lie on a common circle. These graphs have also been called spider graphs. This class of graphs was first suggested by Michael Fellows in 1988, motivated by the fact that it is closed under edge contraction and induced subgraph operations.

A polygon-circle graph can be represented as an "alternating sequence".  Such a sequence can be gained by perturbing the polygons representing the graph (if necessary) so that no two share a vertex, and then listing for each vertex (in circular order, starting at an arbitrary point) the polygon attached to that vertex.

Intersection graph
In graph theory, an intersection graph is a graph that represents the pattern of intersections of a family of sets. Any graph can be represented as an intersection graph, but some important special classes of graphs can be defined by the types of sets that are used to form an intersection representation of them.
Romesh Kaluwitharana
Deshabandu Romesh Shantha Kaluwitharana (Sinhala: රොමේෂ් ශාන්ත කලුවිතාරණ; born 24 November 1969) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who represented the Sri Lanka national cricket team from 1990 to 2004. He was a key member and wicketkeeper for the 1996 Cricket World Cup winning team and renowned for his aggressive batting style.

Kaluwitharana and his erstwhile opening batting partner Sanath Jayasuriya are credited for revolutionizing one-day international cricket with explosive batting in the mid-1990s. He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Colts Cricket Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. He was appointed as the interim cricket coach of Malaysia on 17 May 2008. He was educated at St. Sebastian's College, Moratuwa.

Deshabandhu
Deshabandhu (Sinhala: දේශබන්ධු, romanized: dēśabandhu;  Tamil: தேசபந்து, romanized: Tēcapantu, lit. 'Patriot') is the third highest national honour awarded in Sri Lanka. It is awarded "for meritorious service". The title is held by no more than 150 living holders at any time. It is conferred with a citation and a silver medal with a symbol of a peacock. It is conventionally used as a title or prefix to the awardee's name.

Deshabandhu ranks lower than Deshamanya.
Real Audiencia of Guatemala
The Real Audiencia of Santiago de Guatemala (Spanish: Audiencia y Cancillería Real de Santiago de Guatemala), simply known as the Audiencia of Guatemala or the Audiencia of Los Confines, was a Real Audiencia (appellate court) in the Imperial Spanish territory in Central America known as the Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609-1821). The Audiencia's presiding officer, the president, was the head of the government of the area. The Audiencia was initially created by decrees of November 20, 1542 and September 13, 1543, and had its seat in Antigua Guatemala.

Real Audiencia
A Real Audiencia (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal awˈðjenθja]), or simply an Audiencia (Catalan: Reial Audiència, Audiència Reial, or Audiència), was an appellate court in Spain and its empire. The name of the institution literally translates as Royal Audience. The additional designation chancillería (or cancillería, Catalan: cancelleria, English: chancellery) was applied to the appellate courts in early modern Spain. Each audiencia had oidores (Spanish: 'judges', literally, 'hearers'").
Filemon Vela Jr.
Filemón Bartolomé Vela Jr. (/ˈfɪləˌmɒn ˈvɛlə/ FILL-ə-monn VELL-ə; born February 13, 1963) is an American lobbyist, lawyer and politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 34th congressional district from 2013 until his resignation in 2022. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Vela was also vice chair of the Democratic National Committee from January 21, 2021 to March 31, 2022, having been nominated by President Joe Biden. In March 2022, Vela resigned in the middle of his term to work at Akin Gump.

Congressional Hispanic Caucus
The Congressional Hispanic Caucus (CHC) is an organization of 42 Democratic members of the United States Congress of Hispanic and Latino descent. The Caucus focuses on issues affecting Hispanics and Latinos in the United States. The CHC was founded in December 1976 as a legislative service organization of the United States House of Representatives. The CHC is organized as a Congressional Member organization, governed under the Rules of the U.S. House of Representatives.

As of the 118th Congress, the CHC is composed entirely of Democrats, although at its founding it was a bipartisan organization. Hispanic Republican members of Congress formed the Congressional Hispanic Conference in 2003 after leaving in the late 1990s over policy differences. The CHC has refused to admit Republican members in recent years, denying admission to Carlos Curbelo in 2017 and Mayra Flores in 2022.
1979 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1979 Davis Cup.

10 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with 6 teams competing in the preliminary round to join the previous year's semifinalists in the main draw. Japan and India received byes into the quarterfinals, while Australia and New Zealand received byes into the semifinals. The winner of the main draw went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Europe Zone.

Australia defeated New Zealand in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

1979 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1979 Davis Cup.

29 teams entered the Europe Zone, competing across 2 sub-zones. 25 teams entered the competition in the qualifying round, competing for 4 places in each sub-zone's main draw to join the 4 finalists from the 1978 Europe Zone. The winners of each sub-zone's main draw went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Eastern Zone.

Italy defeated Great Britain in the Zone A final, and Czechoslovakia defeated Sweden in the Zone B final, resulting in both Italy and Czechoslovakia progressing to the Inter-Zonal Zone.
Washburne Historic District
The Washburne Historic District in Springfield, Oregon was established in 1985 and added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1987. The district includes 29 full blocks and five partial blocks, and it is roughly bounded by A Street on the south, G Street on the north, Pioneer Parkway on the west, and 10th Street on the east. Its total area encompasses 84 acres.

Springfield General Hospital, now an apartment building within the district,  is individually listed on the NRHP.

Springfield, Oregon
Springfield is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. Located in the Southern Willamette Valley, it is within the Eugene-Springfield metropolitan statistical area. Separated from Eugene to the west, mainly by Interstate 5, Springfield is the second-most populous city in the metropolitan area after Eugene. As of the 2020 census, the city has a total population of 61,851, making it the ninth-most populous city in Oregon.

The Briggs family first settled the Springfield area, arriving in 1848. The community was incorporated as a city in 1885. The city was named after a natural spring located in a field or prairie within the current city boundaries. For the majority of the 20th century, the economy of Springfield was largely dependent on the Oregon timber industry; since the 1990s, however, the economy has diversified, with PeaceHealth now the largest employer in the city. Public education in the city is provided by the Springfield School District.
Half Hollow Hills Central School District
Half Hollow Hills Central School District (#5) is a school district in the towns of Huntington and Babylon in Suffolk County, New York on Long Island, and primarily serves the vast majority of the hamlets Dix Hills and Melville, while also serving all of Wheatley Heights and parts of East Farmingdale, Deer Park, West Hills, and South Huntington. The district includes five elementary, two middle, and two high schools.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, consisting of nine schools, had an enrollment of 7,317 students and 647.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.3:1.

Wheatley Heights, New York
Wheatley Heights is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Babylon, in Suffolk County, on Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 5,140 at the time of the 2020 census.

In the past, some or all of Wheatley Heights was proposed to become part of the never-realized Incorporated Village of Half Hollow Hills.
The Troubles in Armagh
The Troubles in Armagh recounts incidents during The Troubles in Armagh City, County Armagh, Northern Ireland; the violence was substantial enough for the city to be referred to by some as "Murder Mile".  Over the course of the Troubles, although mainly concentrated in the years from 1969 until 1994, the small city of around 15,000 people, including some outlying areas, saw 86 deaths, including those of a number of people from the city who lost their lives elsewhere in Troubles-related incidents.

Armagh
Armagh (/ɑːrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH; Irish: Ard Mhacha, IPA: [ˌaːɾˠd̪ˠ ˈwaxə], "Macha's height") is a city and the county town of County Armagh, in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland – the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (Eamhain Mhacha) was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland. Today, Armagh is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick) and the Armagh Observatory, and is known for its Georgian architecture.

Statistically classed as a medium-sized town by NISRA, Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012. It had a population of 16,310 people in the 2021 Census.
High Flux Australian Reactor
The High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR) was Australia's first nuclear research reactor. It was built at the Australian Atomic Energy Commission (AAEC) research establishment at Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales. The reactor was in operation between 1958 and 2007, when it was decommissioned and replaced with the multi-purpose Open-pool Australian lightwater reactor (OPAL), also in Lucas Heights. Both HIFAR and its successor OPAL have been known simply as the Lucas Heights reactor.

Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) is a statutory body of the Australian Government that is responsible for nuclear research and the production of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine. It operates a number of advanced research instruments, including the OPAL reactor and ANTARES particle accelerator. ANSTO’s headquarters and main research facilities are on the southern outskirts of Sydney in Lucas Heights, Sutherland Shire.
Edward Said Public Library
The Edward Said Public Library is a public library in Palestine. It was established in 2017 and is the first English-language public library in the Gaza Strip. The first branch was opened in Beit Lahia, and since two other branches have been established, one in each of Gaza City and Jerusalem. The library was established by the writer Mosab Abu Toha who began collecting books for the library in 2016 and raised funds to rent a venue to house the library. It was named after Edward Said and included some books from Said's private collection. The branch in Beit Lahia was destroyed and one of its librarians, Doaa Al-Masri, was killed during the Gaza war.

Beit Lahia
Beit Lahia or Beit Lahiya (Arabic: بيت لاهيا) is a city in the Gaza Strip, north of Jabalia, in the North Gaza Governorate of the State of Palestine. It sits next to Beit Hanoun and close to the border with Israel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 89,838 in 2017.
Degory Wheare
Degory Wheare, also spelt Digory Whear (the first name can be Latinized as Degoreus or Digoreus) (1573 – 1 August 1647) was a Cornish historian, the first Camden Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford.

Gloucester College, Oxford
Gloucester College, Oxford, was a Benedictine institution of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, from the late 13th century until the dissolution of the monasteries in the 16th century. It was never a typical college of the University; in that there was an internal division in the college, by staircase units, into parts where the monasteries sending monks had effective authority. The overall head was a Prior, later changed to a Prior Studentium, and finally a Principal.

It later became Gloucester Hall, an academic hall and annexe of St John's College and was again refounded in 1714 as Worcester College by Sir Thomas Cookes.
London Colney
London Colney (/ˈkoʊni/) is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. It is located to the north of London, close to Junction 22 of the M25 motorway.

It is around 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-east of St Albans city centre (and within said city's contiguous built-up area) and part of the City and District of St Albans. At the time of the 2011 census the population of London Colney ward was 9,507, increasing to 9,804 at the 2021 census. It is considered a satellite or dormitory village of St Albans, where some villagers travel to work and shop.

City of St Albans
St Albans (/ˈɔːlbənz/), also known as the City and District of St Albans, is a non-metropolitan district with both borough and city status in Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in St Albans, the largest settlement in the district. The district also includes the town of Harpenden and several villages. The district borders North Hertfordshire, Welwyn Hatfield, Hertsmere, Watford, Three Rivers, Dacorum, and Central Bedfordshire.
Fifth Army Corps (Spanish–American War)
The Fifth Army Corps was a formation of the United States Army raised for the Spanish–American War, and noted chiefly for its victory in the Siege of Santiago, which led to the general collapse of the Spanish war effort.

William Rufus Shafter
William Rufus Shafter (October 16, 1835 – November 12, 1906) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War who received America's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Fair Oaks. Shafter also played a prominent part as a major general in the Spanish–American War. Fort Shafter, Hawaii, is named for him, as well as the city of Shafter, California and the ghost town of Shafter, Texas. He was nicknamed "Pecos Bill", inspiration for the fictional character of the same name in tall tales.
Northeim
Northeim (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʁthaɪm] ⓘ; Low German: Nuurten) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, seat of the district of Northeim, with a population of 27,522 as of 31 December 2023. It lies on the German Half-Timbered House Road.

Otto of Nordheim
Otto of Nordheim (c. 1020 – 11 January 1083) was Duke of Bavaria from 1061 until 1070. He was one of the leaders of the Saxon revolt of 1073–1075 and the Saxon revolt of 1077–1088 against King Henry IV of Germany.