hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pelly, Saskatchewan
Pelly (2016 population: 285) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of St. Philips No. 301 and Census Division No. 9.

The village is the closest inhabited settlement to the historical sites of Fort Livingstone, a former capital of the North-West Territories and a former North-West Mounted Police headquarters, and Fort Pelly, the Swan River district headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company, from which the village gets its name.

Division No. 9, Saskatchewan
Division No. 9, Canada, is one of the eighteen census divisions within the province of Saskatchewan, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the eastern part of the province, bordering Manitoba. The most populous community in this division is Yorkton.
Caproni Ca.310
The Caproni Ca.310 Libeccio (Italian: southwest wind) was an Italian monoplane, twin-engine reconnaissance aircraft used in World War II. Derived from the similar Ca.309, it had its combat debut during the Spanish Civil War and took part in the earlier phases of World War II in Libya. Some were used in attack groups as a temporary replacement for the unsatisfactory Breda Ba.65. The last Ca.310 was retired by the Italian Air Force in 1948.

Peruvian Air Force
The Peruvian Air Force (Spanish: Fuerza Aérea del Perú, FAP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with defending the nation and its interests through the use of air power. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting disaster relief operations and participating in international peacekeeping operations.
HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.

David Varney
Sir David Robert Varney (11 May 1946 – 2 October 2024) was a British public servant who was the chairman of HM Revenue and Customs from its establishment in April 2005 to the end of August 2006. He was knighted in the 2006 New Year's honours list. In the same year he was awarded an Honorary Degree, Doctor of Laws (LL. D.) from the University of Bath.
Stille reaction
The Stille reaction is a chemical reaction widely used in organic synthesis. The reaction involves the coupling of two organic groups, one of which is carried as an organotin compound (also known as organostannanes). A variety of organic electrophiles provide the other coupling partner. The Stille reaction is one of many palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.

These organostannanes are also stable to both air and moisture, and many of these reagents either are commercially available or can be synthesized from literature precedent. However, these tin reagents tend to be highly toxic. X is typically a halide, such as Cl, Br, or I, yet pseudohalides such as triflates and sulfonates and phosphates can also be used. Several reviews have been published.

Lithium chloride
Lithium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl. The salt is a typical ionic compound (with certain covalent characteristics), although the small size of the Li+ ion gives rise to properties not seen for other alkali metal chlorides, such as extraordinary solubility in polar solvents (83.05 g/100 mL of water at 20 °C) and its hygroscopic properties.
Andrew Duncan (physician, born 1744)
Andrew Duncan, the elder (17 October 1744 – 5 July 1828) FRSE FRCPE FSAScot was a British physician and professor at the University of Edinburgh. He was joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. As first proposer of an asylum in Edinburgh he gives his name to the Andrew Duncan Clinic which forms part of the Royal Edinburgh Hospital.

William Harvey
William Harvey (1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who made influential contributions to anatomy and physiology. He was the first known physician to describe completely, and in detail, pulmonary and systemic circulation as well as the specific process of blood being pumped to the brain and the rest of the body by the heart (though earlier writers, such as Realdo Colombo, Michael Servetus, and Jacques Dubois, had provided precursors to some of his theories).
Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board
The Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Education of the Government of Singapore. It was established on 1 April 2004 to oversee national-based examinations in Singapore, including the provisions of examinations and assessment services and the publishing of major examination results such as the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE), GCE 'NA' and 'NT' Level, GCE 'O' Level and GCE 'A' Level.

Statutory boards of the Government of Singapore
The statutory boards of the Government of Singapore are autonomous organisations that have been tasked to perform an operational function by legal statutes passed as Acts in the Parliament of Singapore. The statutes define the purpose, rights and powers of each authority. These organisations would usually subsequently report to one specific ministry. This list includes both current and new statutory boards formed.

Singapore is a country known for its highly efficient and centralised government system largely due to these statutory boards. They play a significant role in the development and implementation of policies and programs in various sectors of the country.

These boards are responsible for providing essential services and regulating key industries, with the goal of ensuring the welfare and well-being of Singaporeans. The highly centralized and efficient system of statutory boards has contributed to Singapore's success as a modern and prosperous nation.
Henry of Groitzsch
Henry of Groitzsch (died 31 December 1135) was the second son of Wiprecht of Groitzsch and Judith, daughter of Vratislaus II of Bohemia. He succeeded his father as burggrave of Magdeburg in 1124.

In 1128, he was appointed Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark and in 1131 Margrave of Lusatia and vogt of the abbey of Neuwerk in Halle. He never succeeded in claiming the March of Meissen, which his father had held, against Conrad the Great.

Henry was married to Bertha of Gelnhausen (died after 1137). The marriage was childless. Henry and Bertha founded the monastery of Bürgel in 1133. He died in Mainz.

Conrad, Margrave of Meissen
Conrad I (c. 1097 – 5 February 1157), called Conrad the Great (German: Konrad der Große), a member of the House of Wettin, was Margrave of Meissen from 1123 and Margrave of Lusatia from 1136 until his retirement in 1156. Initially a Saxon count, he became the ruler of extensive Imperial estates in the Eastern March and the progenitor of the Saxon electors and later kings.

Conrad was a key figure in the German eastward expansion and in the consolidation of Wettin power in the region. He strengthened and expanded his territories, securing his position after overcoming early challenges from Emperor Henry V and Count Wiprecht of Groitzsch. His rule promoted the growth of commercial centres such as Leipzig and saw the foundation of Altzella Abbey, which later became a significant economic asset following the discovery of silver nearby.
Skopje Aqueduct
The Skopje Aqueduct (Macedonian: Скопски аквадукт, romanized: Skopski akvadukt) is an aqueduct and archaeological site located in the neighbourhood of Vizbegovo, 2 km (1.2 mi) northwest of central Skopje, North Macedonia. The Skopje Aqueduct is the only aqueduct in Macedonia, and one of three largest and well preserved in the former Yugoslavia along with Diocletianus Aqueduct near Split, Croatia and Bar Aqueduct in Montenegro.

Aqueduct (bridge)
Aqueducts are bridges constructed to convey watercourses across gaps such as valleys or ravines. The term aqueduct may also be used to refer to the entire watercourse, as well as the bridge. Large navigable aqueducts are used as transport links for boats or ships. Aqueducts must span a crossing at the same level as the watercourses on each end. The word is derived from the Latin aqua ("water") and ducere ("to lead"), therefore meaning "to lead water". A modern version of an aqueduct is a pipeline bridge. They may take the form of tunnels, networks of surface channels and canals, covered clay pipes or monumental bridges.
2010 Anzac Test
The 2010 ANZAC Test was a rugby league test match played between Australia and New Zealand on 7 May 2010. The match coincided with the official opening of AAMI Park in Melbourne. The match was won by Australia with a score of 12–8.

Anzac Test
The Anzac Test was an annual rugby league football test match played between Australia and New Zealand for the Bill Kelly Memorial Trophy.

The test series ran from 1997 and 2017. It was played annually with the exception of 2001 to 2003 and was played as mid-season international. In 2019, the Oceania Cup was founded, replacing the Anzac Test series, featuring a number of Pacific Island teams.
Mohammad Mohammadkazem
Mohammad Mohammadkazem (Persian: محمد محمدكاظم, born September 28, 1985, in Tehran) is a volleyball player from Iran, who former plays as an Opposite-hitter for the Men's National Team of the year 2005–2011.

2006 Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championship
The 2006 Asian Men’s Club Volleyball Championship was the 7th staging of the AVC Club Championships. The tournament was held in Hanoi, Vietnam. Paykan of Iran won the tournament after beating Rahat CSKA of Kazakhstan.
Qingshanqiao, Ningxiang
Qingshanqiao (Chinese: 青山桥镇) is a town in Ningxiang, Hunan, China. It borders Loudi in the west, Lianyuan in the northwest, Longtian Town and Shatian Township in the north, Liushahe Town in the east, and Xiangxiang in the south. As of the 2016 census it had a population of 55,000 and an area of 138 square kilometres (53 sq mi). It is located at the intersection of Highway S209 and Highway S311, on the banks of the Chu River.

Shatian Township
Shatian Township (Chinese: 沙田乡) is a rural township in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It is surrounded by Longtian Town and Xiangzikou Town on the west, Huangcai Town on the northeast, Liushahe Town on the southeast, and Qingshanqiao Town on the south. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 28,738 and an area of 74.22 square kilometres (28.66 sq mi).
Mercy San Juan Medical Center
Mercy San Juan Medical Center is a not-for-profit hospital located in Carmichael, California serving the areas of north Sacramento County and south Placer County. It is home to Sacramento's first Comprehensive Stroke Center.

Carmichael, California
Carmichael is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sacramento County, California, United States. It is an unincorporated suburb in the Greater Sacramento metropolitan area. The population was 79,793 at the 2020 census.
Broom
A broom (/bruːm/), also known as a broomstick, is a cleaning tool, consisting of usually stiff fibers (often made of materials such as plastic, glued hair, or corn husks) attached to, and roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle, the broomstick. It is thus a variety of brush with a long handle. It is commonly used in combination with a dustpan.

A distinction is made between a "hard broom" and a "soft broom" and a spectrum in between. Soft brooms are used in some cultures chiefly for sweeping walls of cobwebs and spiders, like a "feather duster", while hard brooms are for rougher tasks like sweeping dirt off sidewalks or concrete floors, or even smoothing and texturing wet concrete. The majority of brooms are somewhere in between, suitable for sweeping the floors of homes and businesses, soft enough to be flexible and to move even light dust, but stiff enough to achieve a firm sweeping action.

The broom is also a symbolic object associated with witchcraft and ceremonial magic.

Feather duster
A feather duster is a cleaning tool that is typically made from a wooden dowel handle onto which feathers are wound with a wire. The feathers are most often 14 to 32 inches (36 to 81 cm) long.  Some dusters have a retractable casing instead of a dowel handle and these are typically used by rack-jobbers and truck drivers who need to clean store shelves, and can retract the feathers into the handle to avoid damage.

Feather dusters serve the same function as soft brooms or brushes, except that they are only meant to remove loose superficial dust from delicate surfaces (such as paintings and papercrafts) or around fragile items (such as porcelain and glassware).  They are effective in cleaning tight areas, or areas where there are many odds and ends. The individual feathers are flexible and can reach into gaps and crevices without disturbing the surrounding, and the tiny barbules on the feathers themselves that act as "fingers" to collect and remove dust particles.
Arcinazzo Romano
Arcinazzo Romano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Lazio, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Rome.

Arcinazzo Romano borders the following municipalities: Affile, Jenne, Piglio, Roiate, Serrone, Subiaco, Trevi nel Lazio. It was called Ponza until 1891.

The area of Arcinazzo includes a wide plateau (altopiano in Italian), a popular holiday resort; the plateau is home to the remains of the Villa of Trajan, the summer palace and hunting residence of emperor Trajan.

Jenne, Lazio
Jenne is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Rome.

Jenne borders the following municipalities: Arcinazzo Romano, Subiaco, Trevi nel Lazio, Vallepietra.

In the late 12th century, it was the birthplace of Pope Alexander IV.
Soul II Soul
Soul II Soul are a British musical collective formed in London in 1988. They are best known for their two major hits: 1989's UK number five and US number eleven "Keep On Movin'", and its follow-up, the UK number one and US number four "Back to Life". They have won two Grammy Awards, and have been nominated for five Brit Awards, twice for Best British Group.

The Fridge (nightclub)
The Fridge was a nightclub in the Brixton area of South London, England, founded, in 1981, by Andrew Czezowski and Susan Carrington, who had run the Roxy during punk music's heyday in 1977. The Fridge closed on 17 March 2010 and has no link with Electric Brixton which opened in September 2011 and now occupies the building.
Local councils of Malta
Since June 30, 1993, Malta has been subdivided into 68 localities, governed by local councils, Maltese: kunsilli lokali, meaning municipalities or boroughs, and considered by the Maltese as the equivalent to basic villages or towns, where appropriate. These form the most basic type of local government and are subdivisions of the country's first-level regions.

According to the Local Councils Act (Chapter 363 of the Laws of Malta), Art. 3:

(1)  Every locality shall have a Council which shall have all such functions as are granted to it by this Act
...
(5) Each locality shall be referred to by the name as designated in the Second Schedule and any reference to that locality shall be by the name so designated.

Żabbar
Żabbar (Maltese: Ħaż-Żabbar [ħɐzːɐˈbːɐːr]), also known as Città Hompesch, is a city in the Port Region of Malta. It is the seventh largest city in the country, with an estimated population of 15,648 as of January 2021. Originally a part of Żejtun, Żabbar was granted the title of Città Hompesch by the last of the Grand Masters of the Order of St. John to reign in Malta, Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim.
Judiciary of Gibraltar
36°08′16″N 5°21′11″W﻿ / ﻿36.13773°N 5.352976°W﻿ / 36.13773; -5.352976﻿ (Gibraltar Law Courts)

The judiciary of Gibraltar is a branch of the Government of Gibraltar that interprets and applies the law of Gibraltar, to ensure equal justice under law, and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system of Gibraltar is based on English law and is a mix of common law and statute. The hierarchical system of courts includes a magistrates' court, a supreme court and a non-resident appellate court.

Government of Gibraltar
His Majesty's Government of Gibraltar is the democratically elected government of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The head of state is King Charles III who is represented by the Governor. Elections in Gibraltar are held every four years, with a unicameral parliament of 18 members of which 17 members are elected by popular vote and one, the Speaker, appointed by Parliament.
Regent's Park College Boat Club
Regent's Park College Boat Club is the boat club of Regent's Park College, Oxford, a permanent private hall of the University of Oxford. It is based in New College Boat House which it shares with New College Boat Club.

The club was established shortly after Regent's Park became a permanent private hall of the university in 1957 and currently owns two boats, one named "Regent's Shark", in which the men's team row, and a more-lightweight women's eight named 'Bond Girls.' The club competes in a number of inter-collegiate races in both the male and the female categories.

Regent's Park College, Oxford
Regent's Park College (known colloquially within the university as Regent's) is a permanent private hall of the University of Oxford, situated in central Oxford, just off St Giles', England, United Kingdom.

Founded in 1810, the college moved to its present site in 1927 and became a licensed hall of the university in 1957. The college now admits both undergraduate and graduate students to take Oxford degrees in a variety of arts, humanities and social science subjects. It is one of the few academic institutions within the University of Oxford to have accepted women as well as men since before the mid-twentieth century, with women attending college since the 1920s. It is affiliated with the Baptist Union of Great Britain.

As of 2022, Regent's Park College had a financial endowment of £7.8 million.
Mōri Terumoto
Mōri Terumoto (毛利 輝元, January 22, 1553 – June 2, 1625) was a Japanese daimyō. The son of Mōri Takamoto, and grandson and successor of the great warlord Mōri Motonari, he fought against Oda Nobunaga but was eventually overcome. He participated in Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Korean Campaign (1592) and built Hiroshima Castle, thus essentially founding Hiroshima.

Hiroshima Castle
Hiroshima Castle (広島城, Hiroshima-jō), sometimes called Carp Castle (鯉城, Rijō), is a castle in Hiroshima, Japan that was the residence of the daimyō (feudal lord) of the Hiroshima Domain. The castle was originally constructed in the 1590s, but much of it was dismantled in the Meiji era, and what remained was largely destroyed by the atomic bombing on August 6, 1945. The main keep was rebuilt in 1958, a replica of the original that now serves as a museum of Hiroshima's history before the Second World War, and other castle buildings have been reconstructed since.
Antrorbis
Antrorbis is a genus of minute freshwater snails with gills and opercula, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Lithoglyphidae.

The generic name is derived from Classical Greek language word "antrum", that means a cave and from Greek language word "orbis", that means circle.

Lithoglyphidae
Lithoglyphidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.

This family is in the superfamily Truncatelloidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Secondary emission
In particle physics, secondary emission is a phenomenon where primary incident particles of sufficient energy, when hitting a surface or passing through some material, induce the emission of secondary particles.  The term often refers to the emission of electrons when charged particles like electrons or ions in a vacuum tube strike a metal surface; these are called secondary electrons. In this case, the number of secondary electrons emitted per incident particle is called secondary emission yield. If the secondary particles are ions, the effect is termed secondary ion emission.  Secondary electron emission is used in photomultiplier tubes and image intensifier tubes to amplify the small number of photoelectrons produced by photoemission, making the tube more sensitive.  It also occurs as an undesirable side effect in electronic vacuum tubes when electrons from the cathode strike the anode, and can cause parasitic oscillation.

Image intensifier
An image intensifier or image intensifier tube is a vacuum tube device for increasing the intensity of available light in an optical system to allow use under low-light conditions, such as at night, to facilitate visual imaging of low-light processes, such as fluorescence of materials in X-rays or gamma rays (X-ray image intensifier), or for conversion of non-visible light sources, such as near-infrared or short wave infrared to visible. They operate by converting photons of light into electrons, amplifying the electrons (usually with a microchannel plate), and then converting the amplified electrons back into photons for viewing. They are used in devices such as night-vision goggles.
HVTN 505
HVTN 505 is a clinical trial testing an HIV vaccine regimen on research participants. The trial is conducted by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network and sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.  Vaccinations were stopped in April 2013 due to initial results showing that the vaccine was ineffective in preventing HIV infections and lowering viral load among those participants who had become infected with HIV. All study participants will continue to be monitored for safety and any long-term effects.

HIV vaccine development
An HIV vaccine is a potential vaccine that could be either a preventive vaccine or a therapeutic vaccine, which means it would either protect individuals from being infected with HIV or treat HIV-infected individuals. It is thought that an HIV vaccine could either induce an immune response against HIV (active vaccination approach) or consist of preformed antibodies against HIV (passive vaccination approach).

Two active vaccine regimens, studied in the RV 144 and Imbokodo trials, showed they can prevent HIV in some individuals; however, the protection was in relatively few individuals, and was not long lasting. For these reasons, no HIV vaccines have been licensed for the market yet. A challenge in developing a vaccine is that the HIV virus generates mutations faster than any other virus.
Joseph Dietzgen
Peter Josef Dietzgen (December 9, 1828 – April 15, 1888) was a German Marxist socialist philosopher and journalist.

Dietzgen was born in Blankenberg in the Rhine Province of Prussia. He was the first of five children of father Johann Gottfried Anno Dietzgen (1794–1887) and mother Anna Margaretha Lückerath (1808–1881). He was, like his father, a tanner by profession, inheriting his uncle's business in Siegburg. Entirely self-educated, he developed the notion of dialectical materialism independently from Marx and Engels as an independent philosopher of socialist theory. He had one son, Eugene Dietzgen.

Anton Pannekoek
Antonie "Anton" Pannekoek (Dutch: [ˈɑntɔn ˈpɑnəkuk]; 2 January 1873 – 28 April 1960) was a Dutch astronomer, historian,
philosopher, Marxist theorist, and socialist revolutionary. He was one of the main theorists of council communism (Dutch: radencommunisme).