hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Norman Hall
James Norman Hall (22 April 1887 – 5 July 1951) was an American writer best known for The Bounty Trilogy, a series of historical novels co-authored with Charles Bernard Nordhoff: Mutiny on the Bounty (1932), Men Against the Sea (1934), and Pitcairn's Island (1934). During World War I, Hall uniquely served in the armed forces of three Allied nations—Great Britain as an infantryman, and later France and the United States as an aviator. His wartime honors include the Croix de Guerre, the Médaille Militaire, the Légion d'Honneur, and the Distinguished Service Cross. After the war, he settled in Tahiti, where he and Nordhoff wrote a number of successful adventure novels, many of which were adapted into films. He was also the father of Conrad L. Hall, a three-time Academy Award-winning cinematographer.

Lafayette Escadrille
The La Fayette Escadrille (French: Escadrille de La Fayette) was  the name of the French Air Force unit escadrille N 124 during the First World War (1914–1918). This escadrille of the Aéronautique Militaire was composed largely of American volunteer pilots flying fighters. It was named in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, French hero of the American Revolutionary War. In September 1917, the escadrille was transferred to the United States Army under the designation 103rd Aero Squadron. In 1921, the French Air Force recreated a N124 unit who claimed lineage from the war-time La Fayette escadrille and is now part of the escadron 2/4 La Fayette.
Strepsodus
Strepsodus is a genus of rhizodont lobe-finned fish that lived throughout the Carboniferous period. Fossils have been found in eastern Canada, Britain (England and Scotland), and Queensland, Australia; indeterminate species of Strepsodus have also been found in the late Devonian deposits of Turkey, Iran and Colombia. A large individual is measured up to 3.5 metres (11.5 ft) long.

Rhizodontida
Rhizodontida is an extinct group of predatory tetrapodomorphs known from many areas of the world from the Givetian through to the Pennsylvanian - the earliest known species is about 377 million years ago (Mya), the latest around 310 Mya. Rhizodonts lived in tropical rivers and freshwater lakes and were the dominant predators of their age. They reached huge sizes - the largest known species, Rhizodus hibberti from Europe and North America, was an estimated 7 m in length, making it the largest freshwater fish known.
SM U-50
SM U-50 was one of 329 submarines in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.

U-50 is most notable for sinking the Laconia, formerly an armed merchant cruiser which had returned to passenger service, killing two Americans before the United States had entered the war. Laconia was also the 15th largest ship destroyed by submarine in the war.

RMS Laconia (1911)
RMS Laconia was a Cunard ocean liner built by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, launched on 27 July 1911, with the wife of the U.S. Ambassador Mrs. Whitelaw Reid christening the vessel. Laconia was delivered to the Cunard Line on 12 December 1911, and began service on 20 January 1912. She was the first Cunard ship of that name. She was torpedoed and sunk on 25 February 1917 during World War I; 12 passengers were killed.

Laconia was intended for the Liverpool-Boston service with cruising from New York to the Mediterranean off season. The ship was the first British ship and first North Atlantic liner to be equipped with anti-roll tanks.
Corvetto (fairy tale)
"Corvetto" is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giambattista Basile in his 1634 work, the "Pentamerone".

It is Aarne-Thompson type 531.  Other tales of this type include "The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa", "Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful", "King Fortunatus's Golden Wig".  Another, literary variant is Madame d'Aulnoy's "La Belle aux cheveux d'or", or "The Story of Pretty Goldilocks".

King Fortunatus's Golden Wig
"King Fortunatus's Golden Wig" (Breton: Barvouskenn ar roue Fortunatus) is a French fairy tale collected by Colonel A. Troude and G. Milin in Le Conteur breton ou Contes bretons.: 363

It is Aarne-Thompson type 531.  This type is generally called "The Clever Horse", but is known in French as "La Belle aux cheveux d'or", or "The Story of Pretty Goldilocks", after the literary variant by Madame d'Aulnoy.: 363   Other tales of this type include "Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful", "The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa", "Corvetto".
Ender's Game (short story)
"Ender's Game" is a science fiction novelette by American writer Orson Scott Card.  It first appeared in the August 1977 issue of Analog magazine and was later expanded into the 1985 novel Ender's Game.  Although it serves as the foundation of the Ender's Game series, the novelette is not considered to be properly a part of the Ender's Game universe, as there are many discrepancies in continuity between it and the novel.

Ender Wiggin
Andrew "Ender" Wiggin is a fictional character from Orson Scott Card's 1985 science fiction novel Ender's Game and its sequels (Speaker for the Dead, Xenocide, Children of the Mind, Ender in Exile), as well as in the first part of a spin-off series, Ender's Shadow. The book series itself is an expansion of Card's 1977 short story "Ender's Game."

In the 2013 film adaptation of Ender's Game, Ender is portrayed by Asa Butterfield.
Jerusalem in Christianity
Jerusalem's role in first-century Christianity, during the ministry of Jesus and the Apostolic Age, as recorded in the New Testament, gives it great importance, both culturally and religiously, in Christianity. Jerusalem is generally considered the cradle of Christianity.

New Jerusalem
In the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible, New Jerusalem (יהוה שָׁמָּה‎, YHWH šāmmā, YHWH [is] there") is Ezekiel's prophetic vision of a city centered on the rebuilt Holy Temple, to be established in Jerusalem, which would be the capital of the Messianic Kingdom, the meeting place of the twelve tribes of Israel, during the Messianic era. The prophecy is recorded by Ezekiel as having been received on Yom Kippur of the year 3372 of the Hebrew calendar.

In the Book of Revelation in the New Testament, the city is also called the Heavenly Jerusalem, as well as being called Zion in other books of the Christian Bible.
Kew Bridge Studios
The Kew Bridge Studios were a British film studio located in Kew Bridge, Brentford, west London which operated from 1919 to 1924. The site had originally been a theatre, but due to the rapid expansion of the British film industry after the First World War it switched to filmmaking as the existing studios were overspilling. The studios hosted a number of independent film-makers during the silent era, including Walter West and Guy Newall.

The studios were hit by the rapid fall in the number of films being released due to the Slump of 1924 and by competition from better-equipped studios. After the studios closed down they were converted into the celebrated Q Theatre which occupied the site until the 1950s.

Kew Bridge
Kew Bridge  is a wide-span bridge over the Tideway (upper estuary of the Thames) linking the London Boroughs of Richmond upon Thames and Hounslow. The present bridge, which was opened in 1903 as King Edward VII Bridge by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, was designed by John Wolfe-Barry and Cuthbert A Brereton. Historic England listed it at Grade II in 1983.
United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan
The United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP) was the UK government's response to the Convention on Biological Diversity, opened for signature at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The UK was the first country to produce a national Biodiversity Action Plan. It was published in 1994 and created action plans for priority species and habitats in the UK that were most under threat so as to support their recovery.

Biodiversity action plan
A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program aimed at protecting and restoring threatened species and habitats, and at strengthening the resilience of biological systems. The concept emerged from the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which called on participating nations to develop strategies for conserving biodiversity. As of 2009, 191 countries had ratified the CBD, although only a portion of them had produced comprehensive BAP documents.

The core components of a typical BAP include:
(a) compiling inventories of biological data for selected species or habitats;
(b) assessing the conservation status of species within defined ecosystems;
(c) setting clear targets for conservation and restoration; and
(d) developing budgets, timelines, and institutional partnerships for implementation.
Lassen County, California
Lassen County (/ˈlæsən/ ⓘ LASS-ən) is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,730, and was estimated to be 28,340 in 2024, Its county seat and the largest city is Susanville.

Lassen County comprises the Susanville, California micropolitan statistical area. A former farming, mining, and lumber area, its economy now depends on employment at one federal and two state prisons; the former in Herlong and the latter two in Susanville. In 2007, half the adults in Susanville worked in one of the facilities.

Westwood, California
Westwood is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lassen County, California, United States. Westwood is located 20 miles (32 km) west-southwest of Susanville, at an elevation of 5,128 feet (1,563 m). Its population is 1,541 as of the 2020 census, down from 1,647 from the 2010 census.
Arzergrande
Arzergrande is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,257 and an area of 13.6 square kilometres (5.3 sq mi).

The municipality of Arzergrande contains the frazione (subdivision) Vallonga.

Arzergrande borders the following municipalities: Codevigo, Piove di Sacco, Pontelongo.

Codevigo
Codevigo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,901 and an area of 69.9 square kilometres (27.0 sq mi).

Codevigo borders the following municipalities: Arzergrande, Campagna Lupia, Chioggia, Correzzola, Piove di Sacco, Pontelongo.

The mayor of Codevigo is Annunzio Belan who is the leader of the citizens league "Cambiare si puo'" (transl. "It is possible to change") which won the administrative elections on 27 May 2013.
Chicago City Opera Company
The Chicago City Opera Company was a grand opera company in Chicago, organized from the remaining assets of the bankrupt Chicago Grand Opera Company, that produced four seasons of opera at the Civic Opera House from 1935 to 1939 before it too succumbed to financial difficulties.  It was succeeded by the Chicago Opera Company.

It was revived in 2025 by Artistic Director Alexandra Enyart and continues to produce opera in Chicago. Chicago City Opera.

Chicago City Opera is a collaborative model of production in which all the performers on stage invest as equal shareholders to produce an opera. We continue to be committed to the community of Chicago and are dedicated to creating the best experiences possible for our community on both sides of the stage.

MGM actress Betty Jaynes, at age 15, made her debut with the Chicago City Opera Company on December 6, 1936.

Chicago Opera Company
The Chicago Opera Company was a grand opera company in Chicago, organized from the remaining assets of the bankrupt Chicago City Opera Company, that produced six seasons of opera at the Civic Opera House from 1940 to 1946 (excluding 1943).  Artistic directors included Carlo Peroni (1941–1942) and Fausto Cleva (1944–1946), and until 1945 Fortune Gallo was general manager.  After the war, when consumer goods became more abundant and people spent less money on entertainment, interest in opera collapsed and the company went bankrupt.  Rather than try to re-organize, the remaining assets were given to the largest creditor, the landlord of the Civic Opera House, Household Finance, who then paid off the other remaining creditors.  After the final collapse of an opera company that had been re-organized five times, there was no resident Chicago opera company until the founding of the Lyric Opera in 1954.  One of the original group of organizers was Max Rabinoff.
Punjabi language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers.

Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 census. It is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Gulf states.

In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone.

Majhi dialect
Majhi (Shahmukhi: ماجھی; Gurmukhi: ਮਾਝੀ; Punjabi: [mä˩˥d̆.d͡ʒi]), also known as Central Punjabi, is the most widely-spoken dialect of the Punjabi language, natively spoken in the Majha region and surrounding areas of Punjab in present-day Pakistan and India.

The native speakers of the dialect are known by the demonym 'Majhail'.
Two-and-a-half party system
Two-and-a-half party system is a party system where each of the two major political parties that stand apart on the political spectrum needs a coalition with a smaller "half" party for political control. The concept was proposed by Jean Blondel in his party system classification (1968), where the two-and-a-half party system occupies middle space between the two-party and multiparty systems. The system was quite rare in the first half of the 20th century, but its popularity grew after the Second World War, and peaked in the 1970s.

Party system
A party system is  a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country. The idea is that political parties have basic similarities: they control the government, have a stable base of mass popular support, and create internal mechanisms for controlling funding, information and nominations.

The party system concept was originated by European scholars studying the United States, especially James Bryce, Giovanni Sartori and Moisey Ostrogorsky, and has been expanded to cover other democracies. Party systems can be distinguished by the degree of political fragmentation, proportionality of seats-to-votes ratio and barriers to entry to the political competition.
East Lancashire Coachbuilders
East Lancashire Coachbuilders Limited was a manufacturer of bus bodies and carriages founded in 1934 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England. The company went into administration for a short while in August 2007, before being bought by Darwen Group and performed a reverse takeover with Optare when its parent purchased the company in 2008 and its site and business was later closed in 2012.

East Lancs Vyking
The East Lancs Vyking is a double-decker bus body built on the Volvo B7L and Volvo B7TL chassis by East Lancashire Coachbuilders. It is the double-deck version of the Spryte, continuing the long line of 'misspelt' names which continued until the Scania OmniDekka; the name "Vyking" derived from the chassis being built by a company from Sweden.
Edge-class cruise ship
The Edge class is a class of cruise ships operated by Celebrity Cruises, a subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. The class is constructed by Chantiers de l'Atlantique of France. At present, there are five active Edge-class ships: the lead vessel of the class Celebrity Edge, Celebrity Apex, Celebrity Beyond,
Celebrity Ascent, and Celebrity Xcel.
Celebrity Apex was scheduled to begin operations in April 2020, but entry into service was delayed until June 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Celebrity Ascent welcomed its first guests in November 2023. A fifth ship, Celebrity Xcel debuted in November 2025  and a sixth, Celebrity Xcite, ship will enter service in 2028.

Both Celebrity Edge and Celebrity Apex were built with a gross tonnage (GT) of 130,818. Subsequent new builds have a hull extended by 20 metres (66 ft), bringing the length of the ship to 327 metres (1,072 ft 10 in), and an increased gross tonnage to 140,600 GT. Ships in this class are reported to cost US$1 billion each.

Celebrity Beyond
Celebrity Beyond is a cruise ship owned by Celebrity Cruises, taking its name from the company's slogan. The third in the Edge class, the ship was constructed at the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard, and entered service in April 2022. The ship was captained from 2022 to 2025 by Kate McCue.
Blade grinder
A blade grinder, also known as propeller grinder, is a machine that chops material while mixing it, by means of a high-speed spinning blade. Applications of blade grinders for preparing foods include numerous electric kitchen appliances, such as blenders (including immersion blenders), food processors, some garbage disposals, and some coffee grinders. The terms "blade grinder" and "propeller grinder" are in popular use to distinguish the blade grinder type of coffee grinder from other types.

Food processor
A food processor is a kitchen appliance used to facilitate repetitive tasks in the preparation of food. Today, the term almost always refers to an electric-motor-driven appliance, although there are some manual devices also referred to as "food processors".

Food processors are similar to blenders in many forms. A food processor typically requires little to no liquid during use, and even its finely chopped products retain some texture. A blender, however, requires some liquid for the blade to properly blend the food, and its output is more liquid. Food processors are used to blend, chop, dice, and slice, allowing for quicker meal preparation.
Besenzone
Besenzone (Piacentino: Bsinson [bziŋˈsoŋ]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Piacenza.

Besenzone borders the following municipalities: Alseno, Busseto, Cortemaggiore, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Villanova sull'Arda.

Villanova sull'Arda
Villanova sull'Arda (Piacentino: Vilanöva, IPA: [ˌvilɐˈnøːvɐ] or [ˌvilɐˈnoːvɐ]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Piacenza.

The commune borders on the municipalities of Besenzone, Busseto, Castelvetro Piacentino, Cortemaggiore, Monticelli d'Ongina, Polesine Zibello, San Pietro in Cerro, Stagno Lombardo.
Llanidloes Town F.C.
Llanidloes Town Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Tref Llanidloes) are an association football club based in the town of Llanidloes, Wales. They currently play in the Central Wales Southern Division.

Montgomeryshire Football League
The Montgomeryshire Football League (currently the JT Hughes Football League) is a football league in Mid Wales, sitting at the fifth level of the Welsh football league system.

The league hosts several cup competitions. These include: The Emrys Morgan Cup, Montgomeryshire Cup, Village Cup, Tanners Town Cup, League Cup and Consolation Cup.

Teams promoted from Division One may enter the Central Wales Football League if standards and facilities fall into line with the regulations and criteria of the FAW and Mid Wales Football League (Tier 4 of the Welsh Football Pyramid).
Quick bread
Quick bread is any bread leavened with a chemical leavening agent rather than a biological one like yeast or sourdough starter. The term is North America centric, and is not universally used in other English-speaking countries. An advantage of quick breads is their ability to be prepared quickly and reliably, without requiring the time-consuming skilled labor and the climate control needed for traditional yeast breads.

Quick breads include many cakes, brownies and cookies—as well as banana bread, pumpkin bread, beer bread, biscuits, cornbread, muffins, pancakes, scones, and soda bread.

Beer bread
Beer bread is any bread that includes beer in the dough mixture. Depending on the type of beer used, it may or may not contribute leavening to the baking process. Thus, beer breads range from heavy, unleavened loaves to light breads and rolls incorporating baker's yeast. The flavor of beer bread is sometimes enhanced with other flavors, such as cheese or herbs.
Carabinieri Art Squad
The Carabinieri Command for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, better known as the Carabinieri T.P.C., is the branch of the Italian Carabinieri responsible for combatting art and antiquities crimes and is viewed as an experienced and efficient task force.

Ministry of Culture (Italy)
The Ministry of Culture (Italian: Ministero della Cultura - MiC) is the ministry of the Government of Italy in charge of national museums and maintenance of historical monuments. MiC's headquarters are located in the historic Collegio Romano Palace (via del Collegio Romano 27, in central Rome) and the current Minister of Culture is Alessandro Giuli.
Corozal United Front
The Corozal United Front (CUF) was a short-lived political party active in Corozal District, Belize, in the 1970s. Shortly after its founding the party won a municipal election in Corozal Town, defeating the established People's United Party there for the first time. In conjunction with the newly formed United Democratic Party, the CUF fielded candidates in the 1974 Belizean general election, but failed to win any seats in the Belize House.

After the 1974 election, the CUF was absorbed by the UDP.

United Democratic Party (Belize)
The United Democratic Party (Spanish: Partido Democrático Unido; abbreviated UDP) is one of the two major political parties in Belize. It is currently the main opposition party, having lost the 2025 Belizean general election, after previously holding the government across three prior terms. Founded as a centre-right conservative party, the UDP is led by Interim Leader Hugo Patt, though his position is contested by Tracy Taegar-Panton, who is already sworn in as leader of the opposition.
Nicholas Szák
Nicholas from the kindred Szák (Hungarian: Szák nembeli Miklós; died March 1241) was a powerful Hungarian baron in the first decades of the 13th century. As a confidant of King Andrew II, he served as Palatine of Hungary from 1219 to 1222 and for a brief period in 1226. During his first term, he initiated a comprehensive reform of the judicial system.

He lost political influence when King Béla IV ascended the Hungarian throne in 1235. Nicholas was killed on the eve of the First Mongol invasion of Hungary in March 1241, confronting the Cumans, who decided to leave Hungary and destroyed many villages on their way towards the Balkan Peninsula after the assassination of their khan Köten.

Köten
Köten (Russian: Котян, romanized: Kotyan; Hungarian: Kötöny; Arabic: Kutan; fl. 1205–1241) was a Cuman–Kipchak chieftain (khan) and military commander active in the mid-13th century. He forged an important alliance with the Kievan Rus' against the Mongols but was ultimately defeated by them at the Kalka River in 1223. After the Mongol victory, Köten led 40,000 "huts" to Hungary, where he became an ally of the Hungarian king and accepted Catholicism, but was nonetheless assassinated by the Hungarian nobility.