hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms
The African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms (AfDec) has been created in order to promote an Internet environment that conforms to established human rights standards and meets Africa's social and economic development needs. The Declaration was agreed on at the 2013 African Internet Governance Forum (AfIGF) in Nairobi, Kenya and launched in 2014 at the global Internet Governance Forum in Istanbul, Turkey. It provides a normative framework on which basis recommendations for policy and legislative processes on internet rights, freedoms and governance in Africa are made. They can be applied at national, sub-regional and regional levels.

African Internet Governance Forum
The African Internet Governance Forum (AfIGF) is a multistakeholder forum that facilitates dialogue on Internet governance issues. It is one of the 19 regional IGF initiatives and aims to address and discuss the issues of all 54 nations in Africa.
Francis Mark
Francis Mark is an American drummer, singer, guitarist, songwriter and artist known as a member of the bands From Autumn to Ashes, Warship, Biology, and Tidal Arms. Mark currently resides in Detroit, Michigan. Before From Autumn To Ashes, he was in a local band named Who's to Blame with Scott Gross and played drums for Reggie and the Full Effect in 2008.

Scott Gross
Scott Gross is an American musician, guitarist, composer, producer, audio engineer and writer known as a member of the band From Autumn to Ashes and owner and founder of Hit And Run Studios in Long Island, New York. Before From Autumn to Ashes he was in a local band called Who's to Blame with Francis Mark. Gross was one of the songwriters in From Autumn to Ashes and also wrote lyrics for the first two albums along with Perri and Mark. He also is named as a producer on Jordan White’s 2016 EP “High Road.”
Augrabies Falls National Park
Augrabies Falls National Park is a national park located around the Augrabies Falls, about 120 km (75 mi) west of Upington in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa.

The Augrabies Falls National Park covers an area of 820 km2 (320 sq mi) and stretches along the Orange River. The area is very arid. The waterfall is about 60 m (200 ft) high and is awe-inspiring when the river is in flood. The gorge below the falls averages about 240 m (790 ft) deep and runs for 18 km (11 mi). The gorge provides an impressive example of erosion into a granitic basement.

The park was established in 1966.

Augrabies Falls
The Augrabies Falls /ɔːˈxrɑːbiːz/ is a waterfall on the Orange River, the largest river in South Africa. Since 1966 the waterfall, set in a desolate and rugged milieu, is enclosed by the Augrabies Falls National Park. The falls are around 56 metres (184 ft) in height. Some sources cite an approximate height of 146 metres (479 ft); this is actually the height from the base of the canyon to the top of the walls, not that of the falls themselves.
Tableless web design
Tableless web design (or tableless web layout) is a web design method that avoids the use of HTML tables for page layout control purposes. Instead of HTML tables, style sheet languages such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are used to arrange elements and text on a web page.

Web design
Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; user interface design (UI design); authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design (UX design); and search engine optimization. Often, many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all. The term "web design" is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing markup. Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and be up to date with web accessibility guidelines.
Waterloo County Gaol
The Waterloo County Gaol, located in Kitchener, Ontario, is a retired prison and historic site. Constructed in 1852, it is the oldest government building still-standing in the city. The Governor's House, home of the "gaoler", in a mid-Victorian Italian Villa style, was added in 1878. Both have been on Canadian Register of Historic Places since 27 March 2008. Both buildings have been extensively restored. They are located at 73 Queen Street North, Kitchener, Ontario beside the new Court House.

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Lord Lieutenant of Cromarty
This is a list of Lord Lieutenants of Cromartyshire, Scotland.

Robert Bruce Aeneas Macleod 5 May 1794 – 1833

Roderick Macleod 6 May 1833 – 13 March 1853

George Granville William Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland 2 April 1853 – 26 August 1889

The office was replaced by the Lord Lieutenant of Ross and Cromarty in 1889 through the operation of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889.

George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland
George Granville William Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland, KG, FRS (19 December 1828 – 22 September 1892), styled Viscount Trentham until 1833, Earl Gower in 1833 and Marquess of Stafford between 1833 and 1861, was a British politician from the Leveson-Gower family.
Live Apocalypse
Live Apocalypse is a double DVD by Arch Enemy, released in 2006. It's the band's first DVD release and contains a full concert and several extras. It was released on 24 July in Europe, 26 July in Japan, and 8 August in the US.

The London Forum concert was actually the last with Christopher Amott before his departure the following year, but he later rejoined the band in 2007.

Michael Amott
Michael Amott (born 28 July 1969) is a Swedish guitarist, founding member of the metal bands Arch Enemy, Spiritual Beggars and Carnage, as well as a former member of Carcass. He is the older brother of Christopher Amott.

Amott was ranked No. 74 out of 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time by Guitar World.
Hiro Shimono
Hiro Shimono (下野 紘, Shimono Hiro; born April 21, 1980) is a Japanese voice actor and singer affiliated with I'm Enterprise. His notable roles include Connie Springer in Attack on Titan, Ayato Kamina in RahXephon, Akihisa Yoshii in Baka and Test, Haruka Kasugano in Yosuga no Sora, Keima Katsuragi in The World God Only Knows, Syo Kurusu in Uta no Prince-sama series, Nai in Karneval, Hanzō Urushihara in The Devil Is a Part-Timer!, Norifumi Kawakami in Ace of Diamond, Dabi in My Hero Academia, Rex in Xenoblade Chronicles 2, Zenitsu Agatsuma in Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, Nacht Faust in Black Clover, Ryunosuke Naruhodo in The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures, Rindou Haitani in Tokyo Revengers, adult Kozuki Momonosuke in One Piece, and Nabiiyu in Princession Orchestra.

Cencoroll
Cencoroll (センコロール, Senkorōru) is a 2009 Japanese animated science fiction action film nearly singlehandedly written, designed, directed, and animated by manga author Atsuya Uki. Produced by Anime Innovation Tokyo and Aniplex, the film had its world premiere at Canada's Fantasia International Film Festival on July 28, 2009. The film made its Japanese debut on August 22, 2009 in Tokyo and Osaka. Cencoroll made its debut in the United States at the New York Anime Festival on September 25, 2009. A sequel, Cencoroll 2, was released on June 29, 2019, in a dual-screening featuring the first film as Cencoroll Connect.  Another sequel titled Cencoroll 3 has been green-lit for production.
Austafjord
Austafjord is a small village in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located on the island of Ytter-Vikna, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the municipal center, Rørvik. Austafjord sits about half-way between the nearby villages of Garstad and Valøya. Austafjord has a population of about 60, as well as a shop, a post office, a school, and a day-care center. Austafjord is the western terminus of Norwegian County Road 770.

Nærøysund Municipality
Nærøysund is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Namdalen. The municipality was established on 1 January 2020 after the merger of the old Vikna Municipality and Nærøy Municipality. The municipality is unique in that it has two equal administrative centres: Kolvereid and Rørvik. The other main population centres of Nærøysund include Abelvær, Foldereid, Gravvika, Ottersøya, Salsbruket, Steine, Torstad, Austafjord, Ramstad, Garstad, and Valøya.

The 1,346-square-kilometre (520 sq mi) municipality is the 70th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Nærøysund Municipality is the 114th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,968. The municipality's population density is 7.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (19/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Jinan University
Jinan University (/dʒiːˈnɑːn/ JEE-NAHN; JNU, Chinese: 暨南大学) is a national public university in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is affiliated with the United Front Work Department (UFWD) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and managed by the UFWD, Ministry of Education of China, and the Guangdong Provincial People's Government. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction and Project 211. It is also one of the 13 Guangdong Province High-Level Universities.

"Jinan" literally means "reaching southward," indicating the university's original mission to disseminate Chinese learning and culture from North to South when it was founded in 1906 in Nanjing. It is the first Chinese university to recruit foreign students and one of the universities with the largest number of international students in China.

United Front Work Department
The United Front Work Department (UFWD) is an organ of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) responsible for conducting "united front work." It manages relations with, gathers intelligence on, and attempts to gain influence over elite individuals and organizations inside and outside mainland China, including in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and in other countries.

The UFWD focuses its work on people or entities that are outside the CCP, especially in the overseas Chinese diaspora, who hold political, commercial, religious, or academic influence, or who represent interest groups. Through its efforts, the UFWD seeks to ensure that these individuals and groups are supportive of or useful to CCP interests and that potential critics remain divided.
Arthur's Pass (mountain pass)
Arthur's Pass is a mountain pass in the Southern Alps of the South Island of New Zealand. The pass sits 920 metres or 3,020 feet above sea level and marks part of the boundary between the West Coast and Canterbury regions. Located 140 km from Christchurch and 95 km from Greymouth, the pass comprises part of a saddle between the valleys of the Ōtira River (a tributary of the Taramakau River in the west) and of the Bealey River (in the east). Arthur's Pass lies on the border of the Selwyn and Westland districts.

A township of the same name lies about 5 km south of the mountain pass. The pass is named after Arthur Dudley Dobson and a memorial at the pass commemorates him.

Bealey River
The Bealey River is a small river located in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. It is a tributary of the Waimakariri River. Its valley forms the eastern approach to Arthur's Pass. The river and the Bealey settlement are named for Samuel Bealey, a 19th-century Superintendent of Canterbury Province and pastoralist.
Belgrade Military Parade
The Belgrade Military Parade, known as Korak pobednika ("Step/March of the Victor"), was a military parade on Nikola Tesla Boulevard on 16 October 2014, during the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Belgrade.  The city was liberated from the hands of the Nazis by the Yugoslav Partisans with the help of the Red Army during the Belgrade Offensive on 20 October 1944. It was the first military parade in the country for 30 years, and included 4,500 Serbian troops, as well as a minor number of Russian troops and the Russian aerobatic team, Swifts. President Tomislav Nikolić and Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić attended the parade, with Russian President Vladimir Putin attending as the guest of honour. Participants in the parade were given awards for their participation, in December at Topčider.

Military parade
A military parade is a formation of military personnels whose movement is restricted by close-order manoeuvering known as drill or marching. Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world. Massed parades may also hold a role for propaganda purposes, being used to exhibit the apparent military strength of a country.
Chico River Dam Project
The Chico River Dam Project was a proposed hydroelectric power generation project involving the Chico River on the island of Luzon in the Philippines that locals, notably the Kalinga people, resisted because of its threat to their residences, livelihood, and culture. The project was shelved in the 1980s after public outrage in the wake of the murder of opposition leader Macli-ing Dulag. It is now considered a landmark case study concerning ancestral domain issues in the Philippines.

Kalinga (province)
Kalinga (IPA: [ka'liŋɡa]), officially the Province of Kalinga (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Kalinga; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Kalinga), is a landlocked province in the Philippines situated within the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital (and largest city) is Tabuk and borders Mountain Province to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east, Cagayan to the northeast, and Apayao to the north. Kalinga and Apayao are the result of the 1995 partitioning of the former province of Kalinga-Apayao which was seen to better service the respective needs of the various indigenous peoples in the area.

President Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Lubuagan town the seat of government for 73 days from March 6, 1900, to May 18, 1900, before finally fleeing to his last hideout in Palanan.
USS Mason (DDG-87)
USS Mason (DDG-87) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight IIA) Aegis guided-missile destroyer in the United States Navy. She is named in honor of the black crewmembers who served on board USS Mason (DE-529) during the period of racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces.

Mason was the 21st ship of this class to be built at Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, and construction began on 19 January 2000. She was launched and christened on 23 June 2001. On 12 April 2003, a commissioning ceremony was held at Port Canaveral, Florida. She is currently homeported at the Naval Station Mayport in Mayport, Florida.

John Y. Mason
John Young Mason (April 18, 1799 – October 3, 1859) was an attorney, planter, judge and politician from Virginia. Mason served in the U.S. House of Representatives after serving in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, then became the United States district judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (1841-1843), but resigned that position to hold important executive and diplomatic offices in the administrations of Presidents John Tyler, James K. Polk, Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan before his death in Paris, France shortly before the American Civil War, including as the 16th and 18th United States Secretary of the Navy, the 18th Attorney General of the United States and United States Minister to France.
Rank–size distribution
Rank–size distribution is the distribution of size by rank, in decreasing order of size. For example, if a data set consists of items of sizes 5, 100, 5, and 8, the rank-size distribution is 100, 8, 5, 5 (ranks 1 through 4). This is also known as the rank–frequency distribution, when the source data are from a frequency distribution. These are particularly of interest when the data vary significantly in scales, such as city size or word frequency. These distributions frequently follow a power law distribution, or less well-known ones such as a stretched exponential function or parabolic fractal distribution, at least approximately for certain ranges of ranks; see below.

A rank-size distribution is not a probability distribution or cumulative distribution function. Rather, it is a discrete form of a quantile function (inverse cumulative distribution) in reverse order, giving the size of the element at a given rank.

Quantile function
In probability and statistics, a probability distribution's quantile function is the inverse of its cumulative distribution function. That is, the quantile function of a distribution  is the function  such that  for any random variable  and probability .

The quantile function is also called the percentile function (after the percentile), percent-point function, inverse cumulative distribution function or inverse distribution function.
Sembawang Bus Interchange
Sembawang Bus Interchange is a bus interchange located in Sembawang, Singapore. Opened on 20 November 2005, it provides hassle-free transfer to the nearby Sembawang MRT station.

This is one of the interchanges in a residential estate to not have any feeder services.

Sembawang Park
Sembawang Park (Chinese: 三巴旺公园; Malay: Taman Sembawang) is a 15-hectare park situated in Sembawang, in the north of Singapore facing the Straits of Johor overlooking Malaysia. It is located at the end of Sembawang Road, where the former Sembawang Road End Bus Terminal was.
Baby farming
Baby farming is the historical practice of accepting custody of an infant or child in exchange for payment in late-Victorian Britain and, less commonly, in Australia, New Zealand and the United States.  If the infant was young, this usually included wet-nursing (breast-feeding by a woman not the mother). Some baby farmers "adopted" children for lump-sum payments, while others cared for infants for periodic payments.

Wet nurse
A wet nurse is a woman who breastfeeds and cares for another's child. Wet nurses are employed if the mother dies or if she is unable to nurse the child herself sufficiently or chooses not to do so. Wet-nursed children may be known as "milk-siblings", and in some societies, the families are linked by a special relationship of milk kinship. Wet-nursing existed in societies around the world until the invention of reliable formula milk in the 20th century. The practice has made a small comeback in the 21st century.
Yunyarinyi
Yunyarinyi is an Aboriginal homeland on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. It is located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of the border with the Northern Territory, 320 km (200 mi) south of Alice Springs.

Yunyarinyi started as a cattle station called Kenmore Park. It officially became an Indigenous community when the land rights were granted in 1981 by the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981.

Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981
The Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 (APYLRA or APY Land Rights Act) grants certain land and other rights to the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (the Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara people) in South Australia. It began its life as the Pitjantjatjara Land Rights Act and commenced operation on 2 October 1981. Its long name title is "An Act to provide for the vesting of title to certain lands in the people known as Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara; and for other purposes". The Act has since had several amendments, the latest in 2017.
Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 4th Marquis of Cañete
Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y Manrique, 4th Marquis of Cañete was a Spanish nobleman.

He was the son of Don Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Marquis of Cañete and of Magdalena Manrique, daughter of García Fernández Manrique, 3rd Count of Osorno. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza married twice: first to Margarita Pujadas, with whom he had a daughter; and later to his cousin Isabel de Mendoza. After his death, his title was inherited by his younger brother García.

García Fernández Manrique, 3rd Count of Osorno
García Fernández Manrique y Toledo, 3rd Count of Osorno  (c. 1483–1546) was a Spanish nobleman.

He was the son of Don Pedro Fernández Manrique, 2nd Count de Osorno and of Teresa de Toledo, daughter of García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba. He was president of the Council of the Indies, a position he held until his death in 1546.
Ricardo Bofill
Ricardo Bofill Leví (Catalan: [riˈkaɾðu buˈfiʎ ləˈβi]; 5 December 1939 – 14 January 2022) was a Spanish architect from Barcelona. He founded the Taller de Arquitectura in 1963 and developed it into a leading international architectural and urban design practice. According to architectural historian Andrew Ayers, his creations rank "among the most impressive buildings of the 20th century."

La Fábrica (Sant Just Desvern)
La Fábrica is a former cement factory that was converted to offices and habitation space in the 1970s by Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura (RBTA). It is located in Sant Just Desvern near Barcelona.
Julián Speroni
Julián Maria Speroni (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈljan espeˈɾoni]; born 18 May 1979) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Having started his career at Platense, he played three seasons in the Scottish Premier League with Dundee before joining Crystal Palace for £750,000 in 2004. His first three seasons at Selhurst Park saw him largely play understudy to Gábor Király who made the goalkeeping spot his own. This was until the Hungarian departed Selhurst Park at the end of the 2006–07 season. Back in the line-up Speroni flourished and won his reputation back. He went on to play 405 matches across all competitions for the club. On 9 May 2019, it was announced that Speroni would leave Crystal Palace at the end of the 2018–19 season.

Crystal Palace F.C. Player of the Year
The Crystal Palace Football Club Player of the Year is awarded at the end of each season. Since the inaugural award was made to John McCormick in 1972, 37 players have won the award. Nine of these players have won the award for a second time, the most recent being Wilfried Zaha. Three players have received the award on more than two occasions, Zaha and Jim Cannon have won it three times and Julián Speroni four times. Paul Hinshelwood was the first to win the trophy in consecutive seasons, a feat since emulated by Andrew Johnson, Julián Speroni and Wilfried Zaha, with the latter two going on to win in a third consecutive season. The current incumbent of the award is Daniel Muñoz, who was the 2024–25 recipient.
Tronoša Monastery
The Tronoša Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Троноша / Manastir Tronoša) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery between the villages of Tršić and Korenita, in the administrative town of Loznica, in western Serbia. It is ecclesiastically part of the Eparchy of Šabac. According to tradition, the monastery was built by King Stefan Dragutin.

Tršić
Tršić (Serbian Cyrillic: Тршић, pronounced [tr̩̂ʃitɕ]) is a village in the municipality of Loznica, located in the Mačva region of Serbia. It is the birthplace of Serbian linguist and language reformer, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. Most houses in the area are built out of wood.

The village was destroyed by Ottoman forces during the Serbian Revolution, but was repaired and transformed into a museum to Karadžić.

Tršić's closest settlement to it is Vukanovac.