hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rigid cohomology
In mathematics, specifically in algebraic geometry, rigid cohomology is a p-adic cohomology theory introduced by Pierre Berthelot in 1986. It extends crystalline cohomology to schemes that need not be proper or smooth, and extends Monsky–Washnitzer cohomology to non-affine varieties.

For a scheme  of finite type over a perfect field , there are rigid cohomology groups  which are finite dimensional vector spaces over the field  of fractions of the ring of Witt vectors of . More generally, one can define rigid cohomology with compact supports, or with support on a closed subscheme, or with coefficients in an overconvergent isocrystal. 
If  is smooth and proper over , the rigid cohomology groups are the same as the crystalline cohomology groups.

The name "rigid cohomology" comes from its relation to rigid analytic spaces.

In 2006, Kiran Kedlaya used rigid cohomology to give a new proof of the Weil conjectures.

Monsky–Washnitzer cohomology
In algebraic geometry, Monsky–Washnitzer cohomology is a p-adic cohomology theory defined for non-singular affine varieties over fields of positive characteristic p introduced by Paul Monsky and Gerard Washnitzer (1968), who were motivated by the work  of Bernard Dwork (1960). The idea is to lift the variety to characteristic 0, and then take a suitable subalgebra of the algebraic de Rham cohomology of Grothendieck (1966). The construction was simplified by van der Put (1986). Its extension to more general varieties is called rigid cohomology.
Gmina Wysokie Mazowieckie
Gmina Wysokie Mazowieckie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Wysokie Mazowieckie, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 166.11 square kilometres (64.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,263 (5,377 in 2013).

Wysokie Mazowieckie County
Wysokie Mazowieckie County (Polish: powiat wysokomazowiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wysokie Mazowieckie, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok. The only other towns in the county are Ciechanowiec, lying 27 km (17 mi) south of Wysokie, Szepietowo, 6 km (4 mi) south of Wysokie, and as from 1 January 2011 Czyżew.

The county covers an area of 1,288.49 square kilometres (497.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population was 57,051, out of which the population of Wysokie Mazowieckie was 9,415, that of Ciechanowiec 4,631, that of Czyżew 2,633, that of Szepietowo 2,170, and the rural population 38,202.
Uk (Cyrillic)
Uk (Ѹ ѹ; italics: Ѹ ѹ) is a digraph of the early Cyrillic alphabet  of the letters О and У, although commonly considered and used as a single letter. To save space, it was often written as a vertical ligature (Ꙋ ꙋ), called "monograph Uk".  In modern times, ⟨оу⟩ has been replaced by the simple ⟨у⟩.
Ѹ is romanized as U, Ꙋ is romanized as Ū.

Ou (ligature)
Ou (Majuscule: Ȣ, Minuscule: ȣ) is a ligature of the Greek letters omicron ⟨ο⟩ and upsilon ⟨υ⟩ which was frequently used in Byzantine manuscripts to indicate a close back rounded vowel [u]. The ο–υ ligature is still seen today on icon artwork in Greek Orthodox churches, and sometimes in graffiti or other forms of informal or decorative writing.

In printed works, the ligature is often replaced by Ʊ, an inverted omega.
Lactucopicrin
Lactucopicrin (Intybin) is a bitter substance that has a sedative and analgesic effect, acting on the central nervous system. It is a sesquiterpene lactone, and is a component of lactucarium, derived from the plant Lactuca virosa (wild lettuce), as well as being found in some related plants such as Cichorium intybus. It is also found in dandelion coffee.

As well as their traditional use as sedatives and analgesics, these plants have also been used as antimalarials, and both lactucin and lactucopicrin have demonstrated antimalarial effects in vitro. Lactucopicrin has also been shown to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) is a type of cholinesterase inhibitors, that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase from breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate. This increases both the level and duration of action of acetylcholine in the central nervous system, autonomic ganglia and neuromuscular junctions, which are rich in acetylcholine receptors. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are one of two types of cholinesterase inhibitors; The other type is the butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitor.
Acetylcholinesterase is the primary member of the cholinesterase enzyme family.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are classified as reversible, irreversible, or quasi-irreversible (also called pseudo-irreversible).
Magnesium bicarbonate
Magnesium bicarbonate or magnesium hydrogencarbonate, Mg(HCO3)2, is the bicarbonate salt of magnesium. It can be formed through the reaction of dilute solutions of carbonic acid (such as seltzer water) and magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia).

It can be prepared through the synthesis of magnesium acetate and sodium bicarbonate:

Mg(CH3COO)2 + 2 NaHCO3  →  Mg(HCO3)2 + 2 CH3COONa

Magnesium bicarbonate exists only in aqueous solution. Magnesium does not form solid bicarbonate as does lithium. To produce it, a suspension of magnesium hydroxide is treated with pressurized carbon dioxide, producing a solution of magnesium bicarbonate:

Mg(OH)2 + 2 CO2 → Mg(HCO3)2

Drying the resulting solution causes the magnesium bicarbonate to decompose, yielding magnesium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water:

Mg2+ + 2 HCO3− → MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O

Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (American English: /baɪˈkɑːr.bə.neɪt/ ⓘ) (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula HCO3–.

Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system.

The term "bicarbonate" was coined in 1814 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. The name lives on as a trivial name.
Cișmigiu Gardens
The Cișmigiu Gardens or Cișmigiu Park (Romanian: Grădinile Cișmigiu or Parcul Cișmigiu) are a public park in the center of Bucharest, Romania, spanning areas on all sides of an artificial lake. The gardens' creation was an important moment in the history of Bucharest. They form the oldest and, at 14.6 hectares (36 acres), the largest park in city's central area.

The main entrance is from Elisabeta Boulevard, in front of the General City Hall of Bucharest; there is another major entrance at the Știrbei Vodă Street, near the Crețulescu Palace. The southwestern corner of the park is adjacent to the prestigious Gheorghe Lazăr National College.  The park attracts an average of 5,100 visitors on a weekend day.

Kretzulescu Palace
Kretzulescu Palace (sometimes spelled Crețulescu) is a historic building near the Cișmigiu Gardens on Știrbei Vodă Street nr. 39, in Bucharest, Romania. It was built for the Kretzulescu family in 1902–1904 by Romanian architect Petre Antonescu (1873–1965).

The palace was built for Elena Kretzulescu (1857–1930), the daughter of Constantin Kretzulescu (1798–1863) and Maria Filipescu (1835–1878). While she was away in Paris, Barbu Bellu lived for many years in this house.

From 1972 to 2011, the Kretzulescu Palace housed the headquarters of UNESCO's European Centre for Higher Education UNESCO-CEPES (known as CEPES after its French name, Centre Europeén pour l'enseignement supérieur).
Chungará Lake
Chungará  is a lake situated in the extreme north of Chile at an elevation of 4,517 metres (14,820 ft), in the Altiplano of Arica y Parinacota Region in the Lauca National Park. It has a surface area of about 21.5–22.5 square kilometres (8.3–8.7 sq mi) and has a maximum depth of about 26–40 metres (85–131 ft). It receives inflow through the Río Chungara with some minor additional inflows, and loses most of its water to evaporation; seepage into the Laguna Quta Qutani plays a minor role.

The lake formed between 8,000 and 17,000 years ago when the volcano Parinacota collapsed and the debris from the collapse dammed the Lauca River. Since then the lake has progressively grown owing to decreasing seepage. The lake is part of the Lauca National Park; a planned diversion of the lake's waters into the Azapa Valley being abandoned after a decision by the Chilean Supreme Court.

K'isi K'isini
K'isi K'isini (Aymara and Quechua expression, k'isi a stipa variety, the reduplication signifies there is a group or complex of something, the Aymara suffix -ni indicates ownership,  "the one with a group of stipa", Hispanicized spelling Quisi Quisini) is a 5,536-metre-high (18,163 ft) mountain in the  Cordillera Occidental in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Curahuara de Carangas Municipality, Sajama Canton. K'isi K'isini is situated inside the boundaries of the Sajama National Park, south-east of the Parina Quta and Pomerape volcanoes and north of the Bolivian route 4 that leads to the Chungara–Tambo Quemado mountain pass on the border with Chile.
Elvin Jones
Elvin Ray Jones (September 9, 1927 – May 18, 2004) was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era. Most famously a member of John Coltrane's quartet, with whom he recorded from late 1960 to late 1965, Jones appeared on such albums as My Favorite Things, A Love Supreme, Ascension and Live at Birdland. After 1966, Jones led his own trio, and later larger groups under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine. His brothers Hank and Thad were also celebrated jazz musicians with whom he occasionally recorded. Elvin was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995. In his The History of Jazz, jazz historian and critic Ted Gioia calls Jones "one of the most influential drummers in the history of jazz". He was also ranked at Number 23 on Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Greatest Drummers of All Time".

Polyrhythm
Polyrhythm (/ˈpɒlirɪðəm/) is the simultaneous use of two or more rhythms that are not readily perceived as deriving from one another, or as simple manifestations of the same meter. The rhythmic layers may be the basis of an entire piece of music (cross-rhythm), or a momentary section. Polyrhythms can be distinguished from irrational rhythms, which can occur within the context of a single part; polyrhythms require at least two rhythms to be played concurrently, one of which is typically an irrational rhythm. Concurrently in this context means within the same rhythmic cycle. The underlying pulse, whether explicit or implicit can be considered one of the concurrent rhythms. For example, the son clave is poly-rhythmic because its 3 section suggests a different meter from the pulse of the entire pattern.
Deanna Wong
Maria Deanna Izabella Alvizo Wong (born July 18, 1998) is a Filipino professional volleyball athlete. Wong was a member of the Ateneo de Manila University Lady Blue Eagles, the school's women's varsity volleyball team from 2016 to 2020. During Season 80 of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) in 2018, she won the Best Setter Award.

While being a part of the team, Ateneo was the UAAP runner-up in 2016 and 2017, won bronze in 2018, and became the champions in 2019. The team, in partnership with Motolite, also reached the finals in the Premier Volleyball League Season 2 Open Conference in 2018.

In June 2020, she was signed by the Choco Mucho Flying Titans.

UAAP Season 80 volleyball tournaments
The UAAP Season 80 volleyball tournaments started on September 9, 2017 with the junior tournaments. The games were played at the Filoil Flying V Centre, Mall of Asia Arena, Smart Araneta Coliseum and the Blue Eagle Gym. It is also sub-hosted by National University.
Krambatangi
Krambatangi is the ferry port of Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands. The ferry MS Smyril M/F disembarks 2–3 times daily from Krambatangi to Tórshavn. Krambatangi is located on the southern side of Trongisvágsfjørður halfway between Trongisvágur and Øravík, opposite Tvøroyri. The ferry port was earlier on Drelnes, which is a few hundred metres further east of Krambatangi. But in 2005 a new ferry arrived, which was much bigger than the prior one, and therefore required a new ferryport at Krambatangi. Krambatangi does not belong to the municipality of Tvøroyri, and there have been some disagreements between the Tvøroyri municipality and Strandfaraskip Landsins (SSL) because they didn't pay harbour dues for entering the port of Tvøroyri. The Faroese court decided that SSL ought to pay for entering the port of Tvøroyri, but SSL appealed the verdict.

Suðuroy
Suðuroy (pronounced: [ˈsuːwʊrɔi] or [ˈsuːri], lit. ‘South Island’, Danish: Suderø) is the southernmost of the Faroe Islands. The island covers 163.7 square kilometres (63.2 sq mi). In 2018 the population was 4,601. Suðuroy region (sýsla) comprises this island and Lítla Dímun, the next isle northward in the Faroes, which is uninhabited.
Ridable miniature railway
A ridable miniature railway (US: riding railroad or grand scale railroad) is a large scale, usually ground-level railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are often models of full-sized railway locomotives (powered by diesel or petrol engines, live steam or electric motors).

Live steam
Live steam is steam under pressure, obtained by heating water in a boiler. The steam may be used to operate stationary or moving equipment.

A live steam machine or device is one powered by steam, but the term is usually reserved for those that are replicas, scale models, toys, or otherwise used for heritage, museum, entertainment, or recreational purposes, to distinguish them from similar devices powered by electricity, internal combustion, or some other more convenient method but designed to look as if they are steam-powered. Revenue-earning steam-powered machines such as mainline and narrow gauge steam locomotives, full-sized steamships, and the worldwide electric power-generating industry  steam turbines are not normally referred to as "live steam".

Steamrollers and traction engines are popular, in 1:4 or 1:3 scale, as are model stationary steam engines, ranging from pocket-size to 1:2 scale.
2021 British Touring Car Championship
The 2021 Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship (commonly abbreviated as BTCC) was a motor racing championship for production-based touring cars held across England and Scotland. The championship features a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded amateur drivers competing in highly modified versions of family cars which are sold to the general public and conform to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2021 season was the 64th British Touring Car Championship season and the eleventh season for cars conforming to the Next Generation Touring Car (NGTC) technical specification. Ash Sutton successfully defended his title to become the youngest ever three time BTCC Champion.

Excelr8 Motorsport
EXCELR8 Motorsport is a British racing team that is headed by Justina Williams, and is currently competing in both the MINI CHALLENGE and British Touring Car Championship, the latter under the Team VERTU name.
British Columbia wolf
The British Columbia wolf (Canis lupus columbianus) is a subspecies of gray wolf which lives in a narrow region that includes those parts of the mainland coast and near-shore islands that are covered with temperate rainforest, which extends from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to the Alexander Archipelago in south-east Alaska. This area is bounded by the Coast Mountains.

Subspecies of Canis lupus
There are 38 subspecies of Canis lupus listed in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World (2005, 3rd edition). These subspecies were named over the past 250 years, and since their naming, a number of them have gone extinct. The nominate subspecies is the Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus).
Kédougou department
Kédougou department is one of the 46 departments of Senegal, located in the Kédougou region, formerly part of the Tambacounda region.

The chief settlement and only commune is Kédougou.

The rural districts (communautés rurales) comprise:

Arrondissement of Bandafassi:
Ninéfécha
Bandafassi
Tomboroncoto
Dindefelo

Arrondissement of Fongolimbi:
Fongolimbi
Dimboli

Departments of Senegal
The 14 regions of Senegal are subdivided into 46 departments and 103 arrondissements (neither of which have administrative function) and by collectivités locales (the 14 régions, 110 communes, and 320 communautés rurales) which elect administrative officers.

Since three new regions increased the number of departments to 45 in 2008, the most recent addition, of Keur Massar, in May 2008 brings the number to 46.

The departments are listed below, by region:
Randy DuBurke
Randy DuBurke (born 1962) is an American artist best known as the author and illustrator of the Steptoe Award winning book The Moon Ring (2003) and as the illustrator of Yummy: the Last Days of a Southside Shorty (2010). He previously worked as a comic book artist in the 1980s and 1990s.

Best Shot in the West
Best Shot in the West: The Adventures of Nat Love is a 2012 graphic novel written by Patricia and Fredrick McKissack and illustrated by Randy DuBurke. It is about the life of African-American cowboy Nat Love.
1878–79 United States Senate elections
The 1878–79 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1878 and 1879, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic Party recaptured control of the Senate for the first time since before the Civil War.

46th United States Congress
The 46th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881, during the last two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House of Representatives had a Democratic plurality.  The Democrats were still able to control the House, however, with the help of the Independent politicians who caucused with them.
1956 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1956 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh as an independent during the 1956 college football season. Led by second-year head coach John Michelosen, the Panthers compiled a record of 7–3–1 with a loss in the Gator Bowl to Georgia Tech. The team played home games at Pitt Stadium in Pittsburgh.

1956 Gator Bowl
The 1956 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on December 29, 1956, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The game pitted the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Pittsburgh Panthers.
Kufs disease
Kufs disease is one of many diseases categorized under a disorder known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCLs) or Batten disease. NCLs are broadly described to create problems with vision, movement and cognitive function. Among all NCLs diseases, Kufs is the only one that does not affect vision, and although this is a distinguishing factor of Kufs, NCLs are typically differentiated by the age at which they appear in a patient.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis  is a family of at least eight genetically separate neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases that result from excessive accumulation of lipopigments (lipofuscin) in the body's tissues. These lipopigments are made up of fats and proteins. Their name comes from the word stem "lipo-", which is a variation on lipid, and from the term "pigment", used because the substances take on a greenish-yellow color when viewed under an ultraviolet light microscope. These lipofuscin materials build up in neuronal cells and many organs, including the liver, spleen, myocardium, and kidneys.
Midland Railway
The Midland Railway (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1844. The Midland was one of the largest railway companies in Britain in the early 20th century, and the largest employer in Derby, where it had its headquarters. It amalgamated with several other railways to create the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at grouping in 1923.

The Midland had a large network of lines emanating from Derby, stretching to London St Pancras, Manchester, Carlisle, Birmingham, and Bristol. It expanded as much through acquisitions as by building its own lines. It also operated ships from Heysham in Lancashire to Douglas and Belfast. A large amount of the Midland's infrastructure remains in use and visible, such as the Midland Main Line and the Settle–Carlisle line, and some of its railway hotels still bear the name Midland Hotel.

William Henry Barlow
William Henry Barlow (10 May 1812 – 12 November 1902) was an English civil engineer of the 19th century, particularly associated with railway engineering projects. Barlow was involved in many engineering enterprises. He was engineer for the Midland Railway on its London extension and designed the company's London terminus at St Pancras.

With John Hawkshaw, he completed Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Clifton Suspension Bridge. Following the Tay Bridge disaster he sat on the commission which investigated the causes and designed the replacement Tay Bridge. Barlow was also an inventor and experimenter, patenting a design for a rail and carrying out investigations on the use and design of steel structures.
Harborplace
Harborplace is a festival marketplace on the Inner Harbor in Downtown Baltimore, Maryland composed of three mall structures: Pratt Street Pavilion, Light Street Pavilion, and The Gallery at Harborplace all of which were developed by The Rouse Company and opened in the 1980s. Other adjacent structures include an office tower on 111 S. Calvert Street known as Harborplace Tower, and the Renaissance Baltimore Harborplace Hotel, both adjacent to the Gallery mall, which remains closed as of February 2026.

Having endured serious damage along with the entire Baltimore Inner Harbor from Hurricane Isabel (2003), decade-long mismanagement (1990–2016), multiple ownership changes (2004–2022), security concerns from crime in the surrounding area (1997–2025), and massive pressures from the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), Harborplace's viability as a retail center suffered irrevocably. The facility is scheduled for demolition and redevelopment, to begin in the fall of 2026.

Canton, Baltimore
Canton is a historic waterfront neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The neighborhood is along Baltimore's outer harbor in the southeastern section of the city, roughly 2 miles (3 km) east of Baltimore's downtown district and next to or near the neighborhoods of Patterson Park, Fell's Point, Highlandtown, and Brewers Hill.

Canton is considered one of Baltimore's trendiest and vibrant neighborhoods, known for its family-friendly community, urban lifestyle and hot spot for the social scene. The inclusive neighborhood continues to see rapid growth as more development opportunities come into the area. Since the late 1990s, the neighborhood has undergone significant gentrification and has been ranked the 16th most-gentrified zip code in the nation from 2000 to 2016.