hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hidra (island)
Hidra (historically spelled Hitterø) is the largest island in Agder county, Norway.  The 20.8-square-kilometre (8.0 sq mi) island lies within Flekkefjord Municipality, south of the mainland coast, separated from it by the 350-metre (1,150 ft) wide Hidrasund strait and the Listafjorden. As of 2015, the island had about 500 residents, mostly living on the west side in Kirkehavn, where Hidra Church is located. Rasvåg is another main village, located on the south side of the island.  In 2007, the Norwegian government studied the possibility of constructing an undersea tunnel to connect the island to the mainland without the use of a ferry; however, the project was deemed too costly relative to its benefits.

The island was the center of the former Hidra Municipality, which existed from 1893 until 1965.

Hidra Church
Hidra Church (Norwegian: Hidra kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in the large Flekkefjord Municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kirkehamn on the island of Hidra. It is the church for the Hidra parish which is part of the Lister og Mandal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a octagonal design in 1854 using plans drawn up by the architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. The church seats about 700 people.
Bald Mountain Pass
Bald Mountain Pass (elevation 10,715 feet [3,266 m]) is a high mountain pass in the high Uinta Mountains in Duchesne County in eastern Utah. United States. It is the highest point on the Mirror Lake Highway (Utah State Route 150), near the trailhead for Bald Mountain. The highway is the highest paved road in Utah.

Utah State Route 150
State Route 150, also known as the Mirror Lake Highway, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. It is named for Mirror Lake, a picturesque lake that the highway passes along the way. It is also a USDA Forest Service Scenic Byway.
Pontifical Gregorian University
Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian: Pontificia Università Gregoriana; also known as the Gregorian or Gregoriana), is a private pontifical university in Rome, Italy.

The Gregorian originated as a part of the Roman College, founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyola, and included all grades of schooling. Its chairs of philosophy and theology received Papal approval in 1556, making it the first institution founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 1584, the Roman College was given a new home by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was renamed the Gregorian University. It had distinguished scholars in ecclesiastical fields as well as in natural science and mathematics. Only the theology and philosophy departments of the Gregorian survived the political turmoil in Italy after 1870.

Today the Gregorian has an international faculty and around 2750 students from over 150 countries.

Sandra M. Schneiders
Sandra Marie Schneiders, I.H.M., is an American biblical scholar and theologian. She is a member of the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary of Monroe, Michigan, and a professor emerita of New Testament Studies and Christian Spirituality at the Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University.
XHMVS-FM
XHMVS-FM is a radio station in Mexico City. Broadcasting on 102.5 FM from a tower on Cerro del Chiquihuite, XHMVS-FM is owned by MVS Radio and is a news-talk station under the name MVS Noticias. The transmitter site is located atop Cerro del Chiquihuite.

Cerro del Chiquihuite
Cerro del Chiquihuite (Chiquihuite Hill) is a hill located in the north of Mexico City, in the borough of Gustavo A. Madero and bordering the municipality of Tlalnepantla de Baz in the State of Mexico. The hill has a height of 2,730 metres (8,960 ft) above sea level and forms part of the Sierra de Guadalupe mountain range.

It was used as a filming location for the 1993 Mexican film Lolo.

In 2021, a landslide occurred in the Lázaro Cárdenas neighborhood located in Tlalnepantla de Baz, State of Mexico.
Lexicographically minimal string rotation
In computer science, the lexicographically minimal string rotation (LMSR)  or lexicographically least circular substring is the problem of finding the rotation of a string possessing the lowest lexicographical order of all such rotations. For example, the lexicographically minimal rotation of "bbaaccaadd" would be "aaccaaddbb". LMSR is widely used in equality checking of graphs, polygons, automata and chemical structures.

It is possible for a string to have multiple LMSRs, but for most applications this does not matter as the rotations must be equivalent. Finding the lexicographically minimal rotation is useful as a way of normalizing strings. If the strings represent potentially isomorphic structures such as graphs, normalizing in this way allows for simple equality checking.
A common implementation trick when dealing with circular strings is to concatenate the string to itself instead of having to perform modular arithmetic on the string indices.

Lyndon word
In mathematics, in the areas of combinatorics and computer science, a Lyndon word is a nonempty string that is strictly smaller in lexicographic order than all of its rotations. Lyndon words are named after mathematician Roger Lyndon, who investigated them in 1954, calling them standard lexicographic sequences. Anatoly Shirshov introduced Lyndon words in 1953 calling them regular words.  Lyndon words are a special case of Hall words; almost all properties of Lyndon words are shared by Hall words.
Saint David's Day
Saint David's Day (Welsh: Dydd Gŵyl Dewi Sant or Dydd Gŵyl Dewi [ˈdɨːð ˌɡuːɨ̯l ˌdɛu̯.i ˈsant, ˈdiːð ̩ɡʊi̯l ˌdɛu̯.i]), or the Feast of Saint David, is the feast day of Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, and falls on 1 March, the date of Saint David's death in 589 AD.

Traditional festivities include wearing daffodils and leeks, recognised symbols of Wales and Saint David, respectively, eating traditional Welsh food including cawl, and women wearing traditional Welsh dress. An increasing number of cities and towns across Wales, including Cardiff, Swansea, and Aberystwyth also put on parades throughout the day.

The day is not a public holiday in Wales, which has prompted calls for a St David's Day to be a bank holiday in Wales and some organisations designating unofficial celebrations.

The feast has been regularly celebrated since the canonisation of David in the 12th century by Pope Callixtus II.

Flag of Saint David
The flag of Saint David (Welsh: Baner Dewi Sant) represents the 6th-century Saint David (Welsh: Dewi Sant; c. 500 – c. 589), a Welsh bishop of Menevia and the patron saint of Wales.

Saint David's cross has been used as a flag to represent Wales, as a less frequently used alternative to the Red Dragon flag. England and Scotland primarily use patron saint flags of Saint George and Saint Andrew, respectively.

It is similarly used in the Diocese of St Davids arms. On Saint David's Day it often plays a central role in the celebrations.
Poltava Oblast Council
The Poltava Oblast Council (Ukrainian: Полтавська обласна рада) is the regional oblast council (parliament) of the Poltava Oblast (province) located in central Ukraine.

Council members are elected for five year terms. In order to gain representation in the council, a party must gain more than 5 percent of the total vote.

Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast (Ukrainian: Полтавська область, romanized: Poltavska oblast), also referred to as Poltavshchyna (Ukrainian: Полтавщина), is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava. Most of its territory was part of the southern regions of the Cossack Hetmanate. Population: 1,352,283 (2022 estimate).

Three other important cities in the oblast are Horishni Plavni, Kremenchuk, and Lubny.
PhysX
PhysX is an open-source realtime physics engine middleware SDK developed by Nvidia as part of the Nvidia GameWorks software suite.

Initially, video games supporting PhysX were meant to be accelerated by PhysX PPU (expansion cards designed by Ageia). However, after Ageia's acquisition by Nvidia, dedicated PhysX cards have been discontinued in favor of the API being run on CUDA-enabled GeForce GPUs. In both cases, hardware acceleration allowed for the offloading of certain physics calculations from the CPU, allowing it to perform other tasks instead.

PhysX and other middleware physics engines are used in many video games today because they allow game developers to save development time by not having to write their own code that implements classical mechanics (Newtonian physics) to do, for example, soft body dynamics.

Nvidia GameWorks
Nvidia GameWorks is a middleware software suite developed by Nvidia. The Visual FX, PhysX, and Optix SDKs provide a wide range of enhancements pre-optimized for Nvidia GPUs. GameWorks is partially open-source.

The competing solution being in development by AMD is GPUOpen, which was announced to be free and open-source software under the MIT License.
Molecular evolution
Molecular evolution describes how inherited DNA and/or RNA change over evolutionary time, and the consequences of this for proteins and other components of cells and organisms. Molecular evolution is the basis of phylogenetic approaches to describing the tree of life. Molecular evolution overlaps with population genetics, especially on shorter timescales. Topics in molecular evolution include the origins of new genes, the genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation, the evolution of development, and patterns and processes underlying genomic changes during evolution.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Frankenhalvøya
Frankenhalvøya is a peninsula at Barentsøya, Svalbard. It has a length of about nine kilometers, and a width of six kilometers. The peninsula is named after the German region of Franconia. The bay of Dorstbukta is situated between Frankenhalvøya and Besselsbreen. Northeast of the peninsula is the headland Kapp Voejkov.

Barentsøya
Barentsøya, anglicized as Barents Island, is an Arctic island in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, lying between Edgeøya and Spitsbergen. To the north, in the sound between Barentsøya and Spitsbergen, lies the island of Kükenthaløya. To the south, the sound separating Barents Island from Edgeøya is Freemansundet.

Barentsøya has no permanent human inhabitants. It is part of the Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve and forms a habitat for several species, including polar bears and kittiwakes.
Hastings-Quinte Paramedic Service
Hastings-Quinte Paramedic Service is a rural ambulance service for Member Municipalities of Hastings County, including the Cities of Belleville and Quinte West, and also under contract to the Prince Edward County and Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte

Prince Edward County, Ontario
Prince Edward County (PEC) is a single-tier municipality in southern Ontario, Canada. Its coastline on Lake Ontario’s northeastern shore is known for Sandbanks Provincial Park, sand beaches, and limestone cliffs. The Regent Theatre, a restored Edwardian Opera  House, sits at the heart of the town of Picton on the Bay of Quinte. Nearby Macaulay Heritage Park highlights local history through its 19th-century buildings. In 2021, Prince Edward County had a census population of 25,704. Prince Edward County is a single-tier municipality and a census division of the Canadian province of Ontario.
Better Homes and Gardens (magazine)
Better Homes and Gardens (stylized as Better Homes & Gardens and abbreviated as BHG) is, as of September 1st, 2025, the sixth most widely circulated magazine in the United States.  Better Homes and Gardens focuses on interests regarding homes, cooking, gardening, crafts, healthy living, decorating, and entertaining. The magazine is published 12 times per year by People Inc. (formerly Meredith Corporation).

People Inc.
People Inc. (formerly The Mining Company, About.com, Dotdash and Dotdash Meredith) is an American digital media company based in New York City. It publishes online articles and videos about various subjects across categories including health, home, food, finance, tech, beauty, lifestyle, travel, and education.
Renegade show
A renegade show at a juggling convention is "an open stage where anyone can, at short notice, get up and perform just about anything." At their best, they allow amateur jugglers to perform a couple of unique tricks for fellow jugglers without having to prepare a whole programme. Conventionally, a renegade show takes place in the earlier evenings of a juggling convention as a means for the jugglers to collaborate and share material that is unpolished or risqué. Acts in a renegade show, perhaps as a reaction to the commonly "g-rated" content of most juggling performances, frequently include drinking, heckling, and nudity, and are usually not open to the public (as opposed to the "gala show" at a juggling convention, an invitational and ticketed performance open to the public).

Juggling convention
Many countries, cities or juggling clubs hold their own annual juggling convention or juggling festivals. These are the backbone of the juggling scene, the events that regularly bring jugglers from a wide area together to socialize. The attendance of a convention can be anything from a few dozen to a few thousand people.
Generalized chi-squared distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the generalized chi-squared distribution (or generalized chi-square distribution) is the distribution of a quadratic function of a multinormal variable (normal vector), or a linear combination of different normal variables and squares of normal variables. Equivalently, it is also a linear sum of independent noncentral chi-square variables and a normal variable. There are several other such generalizations for which the same term is sometimes used; some of them are special cases of the family discussed here, for example the gamma distribution.

Multivariate normal distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the multivariate normal distribution, multivariate Gaussian distribution, or joint normal distribution is a generalization of the one-dimensional (univariate) normal distribution to higher dimensions.  One definition is that a random vector is said to be k-variate normally distributed if every linear combination of its k components has a univariate normal distribution. Its importance derives mainly from the multivariate central limit theorem. The multivariate normal distribution is often used to describe, at least approximately, any set of (possibly) correlated real-valued random variables, each of which clusters around a mean value.
2018–19 Russian Premier League
The 2018–19 Russian Premier League was the 27th season of the premier football competition in Russia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the 17th under the current Russian Premier League name. Lokomotiv Moscow came into the season as the defending champions.

The new logo was presented on 24 July 2018, there was no title sponsor announced for the season.

FC Anzhi Makhachkala
Football Club Anzhi Makhachkala (Russian: Футбо́льный клуб «Анжи́» Махачкала́, pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklup ɐnˈʐɨ məxətɕkɐˈla]), known simply as FC Anji, is a Russian semi-professional football club based in the Dagestani capital of Makhachkala. Founded in 1991, the club now competes in the fifth-tier of Russian Football, the Russian Amateur Football League.

In January 2011, Anzhi Makhachkala was purchased by billionaire Suleyman Kerimov, and subsequently made numerous high-profile signings, including those of striker Samuel Eto'o and defender Roberto Carlos. Following severe budget cuts ahead of the 2013–14 Russian Premier League season, the club lost most of its key players and went on to finish bottom of the table, which resulted in relegation to the Russian National Football League at the end of the season.
Loi Pangnao
Loi Pangnao is the highest mountain of the Daen Lao Range (Loi La Range), a subrange of the Shan Hills. It is located near Mong Yawng in Shan State, Burma close to the border with China.

With a height of 2,563 m and a prominence of 1,590 m, Loi Pangnao is one of the ultra prominent peaks of Southeast Asia.

Daen Lao Range
The Daen Lao Range (Thai: ทิวเขาแดนลาว, pronounced [tʰīw kʰǎw dɛ̄ːn lāːw]; Burmese: Loi La) is a mountain range of the Shan Hills in eastern Burma and northern Thailand. Most of the range is in Shan State, with its northern limit close to the border with China, and runs southwards across the Thai border, at the northern end of Thailand.

Geologically in the Daen Lao Range, as in the other southern subranges of the Shan Hills, layers of alluvium are superimposed on hard rock.
Sky Fox (1987 video game)
Sky Fox is a 1987 arcade video game developed by Jaleco and licensed to Nichibutsu. It was originally released in Japan and Europe as Exerizer (エクセライザー) as an indirect follow-up to Jaleco's 1983's Exerion and 1984's Exerion II: Zorni. It is a fixed shooter, setting the player in the role of a space pilot fighting against female alien invaders and space monsters under their control. The game was mostly well-received by Western game critics, albeit some criticized it for its depiction of women.

Nichibutsu
Nihon Bussan Co. Ltd., doing business as Nichibutsu, was a Japanese video game developer and publisher headquartered in Kita, Osaka. In the past they had also manufactured and sold yachts.

The company used a horned owl for its official logo. Outside of the Nichibutsu brand, the company also produces adult video games (mainly strip mahjong arcade games) under the Sphinx (スフィンクス) brand.

In March 2014, Nichibutsu sold its video game library to Hamster Corporation due to the decision of original founder Sueharu Torii to retire. The company was disbanded on December 15, 2015.
Andrea di Bartolo
Andrea di Bartolo or Andrea di Bartolo Cini (1360/70 – 1428) was an Italian painter, stained glass designer and illuminator of the Sienese School mainly known for his religious subjects.  He was active between 1389–1428 in the area in and around Siena.

Sienese school
The Sienese school of painting flourished in Siena, Italy, between the 13th and 15th centuries. Its most important artists include Duccio, whose work shows Byzantine influence, his pupil Simone Martini, the brothers Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti and Domenico and Taddeo di Bartolo, Sassetta, and Matteo di Giovanni.
Hatyai University
Hatyai University   (Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยหาดใหญ่) is a private university in Hat Yai, Songkhla Province, Thailand. Founded in 1997, the university offers undergraduate programs through its seven faculties: business administration, law, education and liberal arts, science and technology, political science, communication arts, and Didyasarin International College. Its graduate school offers in education administration, business administration programs, and doctoral programs.

Hat Yai
Hat Yai (Thai: หาดใหญ่, pronounced [hàːt̚ jàj]) is a city in southern Thailand near the Malaysian border. As of 2024, the municipality is the fifth-largest city in Thailand, with a population of 191,696 and an urban population of 406,513 in the entire district of Amphoe Hat Yai.

Hat Yai is the largest city of Southern Thailand and is part of the Hat Yai-Songkhla Metropolitan Area (with a population of about 650,000) which include 2 big districts (Hat Yai, Mueang Songkhla) and 3 small neighboring districts (Bang Klam, Khlong Hoi Khong, Na Mom, forming the largest metropolitan area in the south, and the fourth-largest metropolitan area of the country. The city is often mistaken for being the provincial capital. In fact, Songkhla is the capital and the center of administration and culture while Hat Yai is the business center.
Boning knife
A boning knife is a type of kitchen knife with a sharp point and a narrow blade. It is used in food preparation for removing the bones of poultry, meat, and fish. Generally, 12 cm to 17 cm (5 to 6 ½ in) in length (although many brands, have been known to extend up to 9 ½ inches), it features a very narrow blade. Boning knives are not as thick-bladed as some of other popular kitchen or butcher knives, as this makes precision boning, especially deep cuts and holes easier. A stiff boning knife is good for boning beef and pork, but a very flexible boning knife is preferred for poultry and fish.

Some designs feature an arched blade to enhance the ease of a single-pass cut in removing fish flesh from its bones.

Butcher knife
A butcher knife or butcher's knife is a knife designed and used primarily for the butchering or dressing of animal carcasses. There are many such types of these knives, which are the primary tool used by butchers.
EKW C-36
The EKW C-36 is a Swiss multi-purpose combat aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s, built by the Eidgenoessische Konstruktionswerkstaette. It was a single-engined monoplane with a crew of two. It entered service during World War II in 1942, and despite being obsolete, remained in front line use until the early 1950s, and as a target tug until 1987.

Hispano-Suiza 12Y
The Hispano-Suiza 12Y was an aircraft engine produced by Hispano-Suiza for the French Air Force before the Second World War. The 12Y became the primary French 1,000 hp (750 kW) class engine and was used in a number of famous aircraft, including the Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 and Dewoitine D.520.

Its design was based on the earlier, and somewhat smaller, 12X. The 12X did not see widespread use before the 12Y replaced it and became one of the most powerful French designs on the eve of the war. The 12Z was being designed but this was ended by the fall of France and the German occupation.

The 12Y was produced under Hispano-Suiza licence in the Soviet Union as the Klimov M-100. This design led to the highly successful Klimov VK-105 series that powered the Yakovlev and Lavochkin fighters as well as the Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber. Licensed production of the early models was also undertaken in Czechoslovakia as the Avia HS 12Ydrs and in Switzerland as the HS-77.
Kaniadakis Erlang distribution
The Kaniadakis Erlang distribution (or κ-Erlang Gamma distribution) is a family of continuous statistical distributions, which is a particular case of the κ-Gamma distribution, when  and  positive integer. The first member of this family is the κ-exponential distribution of Type I. The κ-Erlang is a κ-deformed version of the Erlang distribution. It is one example of a Kaniadakis distribution.

Kaniadakis statistics
Kaniadakis statistics (also known as κ-statistics) is a generalization of Boltzmann–Gibbs statistical mechanics, based on a relativistic generalization of the classical  Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon entropy (commonly referred to as Kaniadakis entropy or κ-entropy). Introduced by the Greek Italian physicist Giorgio Kaniadakis in 2001, κ-statistical mechanics preserve the main features of ordinary statistical mechanics and have attracted the interest of many researchers in recent years. The κ-distribution is currently considered one of the most viable candidates for explaining complex physical, natural or artificial systems involving power-law tailed statistical distributions. Kaniadakis statistics have been adopted successfully in the description of a variety of systems in the fields of cosmology, astrophysics, condensed matter, quantum physics, seismology, genomics, economics, epidemiology, and many others.