hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruigahuizen
Ruigahuizen (West Frisian: Rûgehuzen) is a small village in De Fryske Marren municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands, south-west of Balk. It had a population of around 120 in 2017.

One of Frieslands' wooden bell towers is at the cemetery. In a farmyard at the Rûchsterwei, there is an American wind engine.

De Fryske Marren
De Fryske Marren (Dutch: De Friese Meren) is a municipality of Friesland in the northern Netherlands. It was established 1 January 2014 and consists of the former municipalities of Gaasterlân-Sleat, Lemsterland, Skarsterlân and parts of Boarnsterhim, all four of which were dissolved on the same day. The municipality is located in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands, and has a population of 51,778 and a combined area of 559.93 km2 (216.19 sq mi).
Alec Issigonis
Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine Issigonis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Άρνολντ Κωνσταντίνος Ισηγόνης) CBE FRS RDI (18 November 1906 – 2 October 1988) was a British-Greek automotive designer.  He designed the Mini, launched by the British Motor Corporation in 1959, and voted the second most influential car of the 20th century in 1999.

BMC ADO16
The BMC ADO16 is a range of small family cars built by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and, later, British Leyland. Launched in 1962, it was Britain's best-selling car from 1963 to 1966 and from 1968 to 1971. The ADO16 was marketed globally under various make and model names; the most prolific variant was the Austin 1100 and Morris 1100. At the height of its popularity, it was widely known as the 1100 (eleven-hundred) in its home market, or as the 1300 when equipped with the 1275 cc engine.

In production for 12 years, production of the ADO16 reached 2.1 million between 1962 and 1974, more than half of those sold in the UK home market. British Leyland phased out the 1100/1300 between 1971 and 1974 in favour of the Morris Marina and the Austin Allegro.
Péter Bácsi
Péter Bácsi (born 15 May 1983) is an amateur Hungarian Greco-Roman wrestler, who competes in the middleweight category. Two-time (2014 and 2018) world champion, he is also a three-time Olympian, and a four-time medalist in his division at the European Championships.

Bacsi made his international debut at the 2008 Summer Olympics, where he competed in the 74 kg class. He first defeated United States' T.C. Dantzler, Armenia's Arsen Julfalakyan, and Russia's Varteres Samourgachev in the preliminary rounds, before losing out to Georgia's Manuchar Kvirkvelia in the semi-finals, by a technical fall. Because his opponent advanced further into the final match, Bacsi automatically qualified for the bronze medal bout, where he was defeated by France's Christophe Guénot, with a classification score of 1–3.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Bacsi was injured in the second preliminary match of the 74 kg class, losing to Aleksandr Kazakevič.

T. C. Dantzler
Thomas Curtis "T. C." Dantzler (born October 26, 1970) is an American Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed for the men's 74-kg category at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He is a two-time U.S national champion, five-time U.S. world wrestling team member, and a resident athlete at the U.S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He is also a two-time bronze medalist at the Pan American Games.
Philip IV of Macedon
Philip IV (Ancient Greek: Φίλιππος, romanized: Phílippos) was briefly king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia in 297 BC. He belonged to the Antipatrid dynasty and was the son of Thessalonike, daughter of Philip II, and Cassander, king of Macedonia.

Philip succeeded his father unopposed after Cassander succumbed to tuberculosis in 297 at Pella. However, Philip died four months later in Elateia of the same disease, leaving the throne to his two younger brothers, Antipater and Alexander.

Antipatrid dynasty
The Antipatrid dynasty (/ænˈtɪpətrɪd/; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιπατρίδαι) was a Dorian Greek dynasty of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon founded by Cassander, the son of Antipater, who declared himself King of Macedon in 305 BC. This dynasty did not last long; in 294 BC it was swiftly overthrown by the Antigonid dynasty.
Jonathan Bayliss
Jonathan Bayliss (September 7, 1926 in Arlington, Massachusetts – April 15, 2009 in Gloucester, Massachusetts) was an American novelist and playwright who lived and wrote in Gloucester, Massachusetts. He was a close friend of poet Charles Olson after Olson's return to Gloucester in the late 1950s. Correspondence between Bayliss and Olson from 1958 to January 1970 was published by the Cape Ann Museum. Bayliss's highly innovative and polymathic novels employ a vast vocabulary, contain mathematical and philosophical puzzles, and avoid pop culture references in favor of historical and mythological allusions. He wrote two plays loosely based on the Sumerian Gilgamesh epic, The Tower of Gilgamesh and The Acts of Gilgamesh.

Gloucester, Massachusetts
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOS-tər) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts,  United States. It sits on Cape Ann and is a part of Massachusetts's North Shore. The population was 29,729 at the 2020 U.S. census. An important center of the fishing industry and a popular summer destination, Gloucester consists of an urban core on the north side of the harbor and the outlying neighborhoods of Annisquam, Bay View, Lanesville, Folly Cove, Magnolia, Riverdale, East Gloucester, and West Gloucester.
Patreon
Patreon (/ˈpeɪtriɒn/, /-ən/) is an American monetization platform operated by Patreon, Inc., that provides business tools for content creators to run a subscription service and sell digital products globally. It helps artists and other creators  earn a recurring income by providing rewards and perks to its subscribers. Patreon charges a commission of 8 to 12 percent of creators' monthly income, in addition to payment processing fees.

Patreon is used by writers, videographers, webcomic artists, video game developers, podcasters, musicians, adult content creators, and other kinds of creators who post regularly online. It allows artists to receive funding directly from their fans, or patrons, on a recurring basis or per work of art. The company is based in San Francisco.

Subscription business model
The subscription business model is a business model in which a customer must pay a recurring price at regular intervals for access to a product or service. The model was pioneered by publishers of books and periodicals in the 17th century. It is particularly common now for digital products, which lend themselves more naturally toward a subscription model.

Subscriptions can be a more convenient, hassle-free transaction for consumers. However, due to inertia among some consumers, they may inadvertently pay for subscriptions that they no longer value because they do not realize that they are subscribed.
Gidan
Gidan (Amharic: ጊዳን) is a woreda in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Wollo Zone, Gidan is bordered on the south by Guba Lafto, on the southwest by Meket, on the west by Lasta (formerly part of Bugna), on the north by the Tigray Region, and on the east by Kobo. The administrative center of the woreda is Muja town, another small towns in Gidan include Debre Tsehay, Densa, Bekilo Mneqia, Iyella, Dildiy, Asikit, and Wonday.

Bugna
Bugna (Amharic: ቡግና būgnā, not pronounced "buña") is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It is named after the former district. Located in the northwest corner of the Semien Wollo Zone, Bugna is bordered on the south by Meket, on the west by the Debub Gondar Zone, on the north by the Wag Hemra Zone, and on the east by the Lasta woreda. The main town is Ayne. The Lasta woreda, where Lalibela is, was split off from Bugna.
Eprint
In academic publishing, an eprint or e-print is a digital version of a research document (usually a journal article, but could also be a thesis, conference paper, book chapter, or a book) that is accessible online, usually as green open access, whether from a local institutional or 
a central digital repository.

When applied to journal articles, the term "eprints" covers both preprints (before peer review) and postprints (after peer review).

Digital versions of materials other than research documents are not usually called e-prints, but some other name, such as e-books.

Preprint
In academic publishing, a preprint is a version of a scholarly or scientific paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly or scientific journal. The preprint may be available, often as a non-typeset version available for free, before or after a paper is published in a journal.
San Giovanni in Galdo
San Giovanni in Galdo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region of Molise, located about 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Campobasso.

San Giovanni in Galdo borders the following municipalities: Campobasso, Campodipietra, Campolieto, Matrice, Monacilioni, Toro.
San Giovanni in Galdo is home to many families that emigrated to America in the early 1900s. Families with the surnames of DiCesare, Trotta, DeMaioribus, Marino, Ramacciato, Santone and Di'Orio.

Toro, Molise
Toro (Molisan: Ture) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Campobasso.

Toro borders the following municipalities: Campodipietra, Jelsi, Monacilioni, Pietracatella, San Giovanni in Galdo.
Tobias Kassung
Tobias Kassung (born 1977) is a German classical guitarist and composer.

He studied with Prof. Hubert Käppel at the Hochschule für Musik Köln and continued his studies with Simon Dinnigan at the UCE Birmingham Conservatoire of Music and with Antigoni Goni at the Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles.

He is founder and Artistic Director of the Cologne Classical Ensemble (Kölner Klassik Ensemble). Between 2005 and 2008 he was appointed lecturer at the University of Cologne. In 2009 he founded, with Hubert Käppel KSG Exaudio, a new label especially for guitar music. He is performing as soloist, with the Cologne Classical Ensemble, the Astor Trio and in different duo combinations. He has released recordings with Sony Classical and KSG Exaudio and has been broadcast on several TV and radio stations, e. g. ARD, WDR, HR, Bayrische Rundfunk and SWR. His arrangements and compositions have been published by Tonos (Darmstadt) and KSG Edition (Köln).

Cologne Classical Ensemble
The Cologne Classical Ensemble (in German: Kölner Klassik Ensemble) was formed by graduates of the Hochschule für Musik Köln in 2003. With over 30 concerts per year it has become a renowned ensemble for classical music. Founder and Artistic Director of the ensemble is Tobias Kassung. The basic formation of the Cologne Classical Ensemble consists of three violins, viola, cello, double-bass, guitar and piano. Especially their recording of classical arrangements of music by Ástor Piazzolla for Sony Classical became popular.
1975 Fiesta Bowl
The 1975 Fiesta Bowl was the fifth edition of the college football bowl game, played at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona on Friday, December 26. Part of the 1975–76 bowl game season, it matched the sixth-ranked Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Eight Conference and the undefeated #7 Arizona State Sun Devils of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). The underdog Sun Devils won, 17–14.

Played at ASU's home venue, this was the Fiesta Bowl's first matchup between teams ranked in the top ten; the next was six years later.

1982 Fiesta Bowl
The 1982 Fiesta Bowl was the eleventh edition of the college football bowl game, played at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona on Friday, January 1. Part of the 1981–82 bowl game season, it matched the seventh-ranked independent Penn State Nittany Lions and the #8 USC Trojans of the Pacific-10 Conference. A slight underdog, Penn State won, 26–10.

This was the first Fiesta Bowl played in January, in light of the bowl game's increasing popularity due to the sunny climate which had games with a team ranked in the top ten appearing in the eight of the first ten editions.  It was the second Fiesta Bowl with both teams in the top ten; the first was six years earlier, and the third was in 1986.
John Marsh (pioneer)
John Marsh (June 5, 1799 – September 24, 1856), later known in Spanish as Don Juan Marsh, was a physician, ranchero, and linguist in California when it was still part of the Republic of Mexico. Born in Massachusetts, Marsh immigrated to California in 1836, where he became a Mexican citizen. He was baptized as Roman Catholic in order to buy land, and acquired the vast land grant of Rancho Los Méganos in Contra Costa. He became one of the wealthiest ranchers in California, and was among the highly influential men who worked to gain United States statehood after Mexico ceded this area following its defeat in the Mexican-American War.

Marsh knew Hebrew, Latin and Greek, and, while working as a US Indian agent at Fort Snelling, was the first person to compile a dictionary of the Siouan language. He is the namesake of Marsh Creek and Marsh Creek State Park in Contra Costa County. The John Marsh Historic Trust was organized to protect his legacy.

Antioch, California
Antioch is the third-most populous city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city is located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area along the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. The city's population was 115,291 at the 2020 census. The city has grown substantially more diverse since the 1970s.
Schiefe Ebene
The Schiefe Ebene (German pronunciation: [ˈʃiːfə ˈʔeːbənə] ⓘ; literally 'inclined plane') is a steep incline on Bamberg–Hof section of the Ludwig South-North Railway in the region of Upper Franconia, in Bavaria, Germany.

Bamberg–Hof railway
The Bamberg–Hof railway is a 127 km (79 mi)-long main line that runs through Bavaria in southern Germany. The line runs from Bamberg via Lichtenfels, Kulmbach, Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg and Münchberg to Hof. The section from Hof to Neuenmarkt now forms part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line.
Kite types
Kites are tethered flying objects which fly by using aerodynamic lift, requiring wind (or towing) for generation of airflow over the lifting surfaces.

Various types of kites exist, depending on features such as material, shape, use, or operating skills. Kites may fly in air, water, or other fluids such as gas and other liquid gaining lift through deflection of the supporting medium. Variations in design of tethering systems and lifting surfaces are regularly introduced, with lifting surfaces varying in stiffness from limp sheet material to fully solid material.

Kytoon
A kytoon or kite balloon is a tethered aircraft which obtains some of its lift dynamically as a heavier-than-air kite and the rest aerostatically as a lighter-than-air balloon. The word is a portmanteau of kite and balloon.

The primary advantage of a kytoon is that it remains in a reasonably stable position above the tether point, irrespective of the strength of wind, whereas ordinary balloons and kites are less stable.

The kytoon has been used for many purposes, both civil and military.
1993 Tennent's Sixes
The 1993 Tennents' Sixes was the tenth and final staging of the indoor 6-a-side football tournament. It was held at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre (SECC) in Glasgow on 24 and 25 January.

Clubs from the 1992-93 Premier Division season competed except Rangers and Dundee and the two group winners and runners-up qualified to the semi-finals and Partick Thistle became the final Sixes winners beating Airdrieonians 4–3.

Tennents' Sixes
The Tennents' Sixes was an annual indoor football tournament contested each January by senior football clubs from Scotland (along with some English guests) between 1984 and 1993. The tournament was sponsored by Tennent Caledonian Breweries and organised by the Scottish Football Association. When Tennent Caledonian Breweries withdrew their sponsorship after the 1993 event, the Sixes was discontinued.

The format used was dependent on the number of teams participating: in most cases 10 teams were involved and would be drawn into 2 groups of 5 who would play each other once. From there, the first and second-placed teams from each group would contest the knockout stages, consisting of two semi-finals and a final.
Renault Captur
The Renault Captur is a series of subcompact crossover SUVs manufactured by the French automaker Renault. The production version of the first one, based on the B platform, made its debut at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show and started to be marketed in France during April 2013. The Captur Concept was first shown at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show.

Under the "same skin with different specification" strategy adopted by Renault, the Captur was made in a larger version based on the low-cost B0 platform shared with the Duster. It uses the similar styling with the first-generation Captur but with an extended wheelbase, greater ground clearance and all-wheel-drive drivetrain. Referred internally as the "Captur Global Access", the vehicle was produced in Russia, Brazil and India.

The second generation model was introduced in 2019. It has a larger sister model marketed as the Renault Symbioz since 2024.

Subcompact crossover SUV
Subcompact crossover SUV is an automobile segment used to describe the smallest segment of crossover SUV, a type of sport utility vehicle, below the compact crossover SUV. Subcompact crossover SUVs are usually based on a platform of a subcompact (also known as supermini or B-segment) passenger car, although some high-end subcompact crossover models are based on a compact car (C-segment). The segment started to gain traction during early to mid-2010s when the number of models and sales figures rapidly increased in major markets such as North America and Europe. In 2019, around 22 percent of SUV global sales were contributed by subcompact crossovers.

The segment is particularly popular in Europe, India, and Brazil where they account for 37 percent, 75 percent, and 69 percent of total SUV sales in 2018 respectively. In 2019, the best selling subcompact crossover was the Honda HR-V, recording 622,154 units being sold worldwide.
International Commission for the piercing of the isthmus of Suez
The International Commission for the piercing of the isthmus of Suez (Commission Internationale pour le percement de l'isthme de Suez) was the commission consisting of various European experts convened in 1855 by Ferdinand de Lesseps as instructed by the viceroy of Egypt Muhammad Sa'id in order to ascertain the feasibility of a canal between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea and to evaluate the best alternative for such a canal.

The commission was solely composed of Europeans. There were no Egyptians on the commission.

Ferdinand de Lesseps
Ferdinand Marie de Lesseps (French: [lesɛps]; 19 November 1805 – 7 December 1894) was a French Orientalist diplomat and later developer of the Suez Canal, which in 1869, joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas, substantially reducing sailing distances and times between Europe and East Asia.

He attempted to repeat this success with an effort to build a Panama Canal at sea level during the 1880s, but the project was devastated by epidemics of malaria and yellow fever in the area, as well as by financial problems, and the planned Lesseps Panama Canal was never completed. Eventually, the project was bought out by the United States, which solved the medical problems and changed the design to a non-sea- level canal with locks. It was completed in 1914.
Wassail
The tradition of wassailing (also spelled wasselling) falls into two distinct categories: the house-visiting wassail and the orchard-visiting wassail. The house-visiting wassail, which traditionally occurs on the twelfth day of Christmastide known as Twelfth Night or Epiphany Eve (5 January), is the practice of people going door-to-door, singing and offering a drink from the wassail bowl in exchange for gifts; this practice still exists, but has largely been displaced by carol singing. The orchard-visiting wassail is the custom of visiting orchards in cider-producing regions of England and singing to the trees to promote a good harvest for the coming year. Notable traditional wassailing songs include "Here We Come a-Wassailing", "Gloucestershire Wassail", and "Gower Wassail".

Wassail (/ˈwɒsəl/, /-eɪl/ WOSS-əl, -⁠ayl) is also a beverage made from hot mulled cider, ale, or wine and spices, drunk traditionally as an integral part of wassailing.

First-foot
In Scottish, Northern English, and Manx folklore, the first-foot (Scottish Gaelic: ciad-chuairt, Manx: quaaltagh/qualtagh) is the first person to enter the home of a household on New Year's Day and is seen as a bringer of good fortune for the coming year. Similar practices are also found in Greek, Vietnamese, and Georgian new year traditions.
Synodical Government Measure 1969
The Synodical Government Measure 1969 (No. 2) is a Church of England measure passed by the National Assembly of the Church of England replacing the National Assembly with the General Synod of the Church of England.

Church of England measure
A Church of England measure is primary legislation that is made by the General Synod of the Church of England and approved by the Parliament of the United Kingdom  under section 3 of the Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919.
1928 Auckland Rugby League season
The 1928 Auckland Rugby League season was its 19th. Devonport United won the Senior A Championship for the first time under the Devonport United name, though they had won it twice before as North Shore Albions, before the North Shore merger with Sunnyside. Marist 
Old Boys won the Roope Rooster trophy for the first time. This was their second major trophy after winning the championship in 1924. They also went on to defeat Devonport to win the Stormont Shield.

Ellerslie United finished last in the first grade championship and as a result had to play a promotion relegation match with the winners of the B Division which was Grafton Athletic. This was the second consecutive year they had met in this match. Ellerslie won 15-13 to retain their place in the first grade. The Grafton club then decided to amalgamate with Kingsland Rovers who were also in the B Division to gain acceptance into the 1st grade competition for the 1929 season.

Auckland Rugby League
The Auckland Rugby League (ARL) is the governing body for the sport of rugby league in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. Founded in 1909, the ARL has played a pivotal role in the development and promotion of rugby league in Auckland and beyond.
Ibalia
Ibalia is a genus of ibaliid wasps in the family Ibaliidae. There are about 14 described species in Ibalia. All species are parasitoids of Siricidae species, which they seek out by detecting volatiles emitted by the fungi Siricidae larvae feed on, Amylostereum.

Ibaliidae
The Ibaliidae are a small family of the hymenopteran superfamily Cynipoidea. Ibaliidae differ from most of the cynipoids by the larvae being parasitoids on other wasp larvae in the group Siricidae. The Ibaliidae comprise three extant genera of fairly large wasps, with a total of 20 species, and is a sister group to the rest of the cynipoids except the small subfamily Austrocynipidae.