hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1910 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 15 September 1910 to elect the 121 members of the House of Assembly. They were the first general election after the Union of South Africa was created on 31 May 1910.

The elections were held alongside the first election to the provincial councils of Cape Province and Transvaal. Those councils used the same electoral districts as those for the House of Assembly seats in the province. The first election for the provincial councils of Natal and Orange Free State, which did not use the same constituency boundaries as the House of Assembly, took place at a later date.

Although the Unionist Party received the most votes, the alliance of parties led by General Louis Botha won a slim majority. The Unionist Party became the official opposition. Botha's alliance would later unite as the South African Party.

Unionist Party (South Africa)
The Unionist Party (Afrikaans: Unionisteparty, UP) was a pre-apartheid South African political party, which contested elections to the Union of South Africa parliament from the 1910 South African general election until its merger into the South African Party just before the 1921 South African general election.
Mavrovo i Rostuše Municipality
Mavrovo i Rostuše (Macedonian: Маврово и Ростушеⓘ; Turkish: Mavrova ve Rostuşa) is a municipality in western North Macedonia. The municipal seat is located in the village of Rostuše. This municipality is part of the Polog Statistical Region.

Polog Statistical Region
The Polog Statistical Region (Macedonian: Полошки Регион, romanized: Pološki Region; Albanian: Rajoni i Pollogut) is one of eight statistical regions of the Republic of North Macedonia. Polog, located in the northwestern part of the country, borders Albania and Kosovo. Internally, it borders the Southwestern and Skopje statistical regions.
Napp, Norway
Napp is a small fishing village in Flakstad Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern part of the island of Flakstadøya in the Lofoten archipelago.  The village lies along the European route E10 highway, just west of the Nappstraum Tunnel which connects it to the neighboring island of Vestvågøya.

The 0.2-square-kilometre (49-acre) village had a population (2017) of 210 and a population density of 1,050 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,700/sq mi). Since 2017, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Nappstraum Tunnel
The Nappstraum Tunnel (Norwegian: Nappstraumtunnelen) is an undersea road tunnel in Nordland county, Norway.  The 1,776-metre (5,827 ft) long tunnel is located on the European route E10 highway, connecting the islands of Flakstadøya (in Flakstad Municipality) and Vestvågøya (in Vestvågøy Municipality). The village of Napp lies just south of the west entrance to the tunnel.  The tunnel opened on 11 July 1990 to replace an old ferry connection that ran between the two islands.  The tunnel reaches a depth of 63 metres (207 ft) below sea level and the maximum road grade of the tunnel is 8%.  The tunnel had a toll on it until 2003 when the debt for the tunnel was paid off.
Elmore, Vermont
Elmore is a town in Lamoille County, Vermont, United States. It was granted by the Vermont Republic in 1780, and was named for Colonel Samuel Elmore (1720–1805), one of the original grantees. The population was 886 at the 2020 census. Elmore contains the villages of East Elmore and Lake Elmore, as well as Elmore State Park, a 700-acre (2.8 km2) recreational area on the 219-acre (0.9 km2) Lake Elmore and on Elmore Mountain to the west.

Elmore State Park
Elmore State Park is a state park located in Elmore, Vermont, United States.  It includes Lake Elmore and Elmore Mountain, and has day-use facilities for picnicking, hiking, and water-based activities, and a 59-site campground.  Some of its facilities were developed in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps; for these, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.  The park is open seasonally between Memorial Day and Columbus Day; fees are charged for day use and camping.
George Arthur Crump
George Arthur Crump, Jr. (September 24, 1871 – January 24, 1918) was a hotelier and golf course architect primarily known for designing and building Pine Valley Golf Club, which, at the time of its opening, was considered the most difficult golf course in the world.

Crump, along with A.W. Tillinghast, George C. Thomas, Jr., Hugh Wilson, William Flynn, and William Fownes together made up the "Philadelphia School" of golf course architecture. Together, the group designed over 300 courses, 27 of which are considered to be among the top 100 golf courses in the world.

Hugh Irvine Wilson
Hugh Irvine Wilson (November 13, 1879 - February 3, 1925) was a golf course designer. He is most famous for designing Merion Golf Club, consistently ranked among the top golf courses in the USA. Wilson also finished the last four holes at the famous Pine Valley Golf Club.

Wilson, along with A.W. Tillinghast, George C. Thomas, Jr., William Flynn, George Crump, and William Fownes together made up the "Philadelphia School" of golf course architecture. Together, the group designed over 300 courses, 27 of which are on in the top 100 golf courses in the world.
Hazza bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Sheikh Hazza bin Sultan Al Nahyan (Arabic: ٱلشَّيْخ هَزَّاع بِن سُلْطَان آل نَهْيَان, romanized: Ash-Shaykh Hazzāʿ bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān) was the brother of Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi from 1928 to 1966, and Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi from 1966 to 2004 and the UAE's first President. Hazza was the Ruler's Representative in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi.

Al Ain
Al Ain (Arabic: ٱلْعَيْن, romanized: Al-ʿAyn, lit. 'The Spring') is a city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and the seat of the administrative division of the Al Ain Region. The city is bordered to the east by the Omani town of Al-Buraimi. Al Ain is the largest inland city in the Emirates, the fourth-largest city (after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah), and the second-largest in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The freeways connecting Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai form a geographic triangle in the country, each city being roughly 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the others.
L-drive
An L-drive is a type of azimuth thruster where the electric motor is mounted vertically, removing the second bevel gear from the drivetrain.  Azimuth thruster pods can be rotated through a full 360 degrees, allowing for rapid changes in thrust direction and eliminating the need for a conventional rudder.  This form of power transmission is called a L-drive because the rotary motion has to make one right angle turn, thus looking a bit like the letter "L". This name is used to make clear the arrangement of drive is different from Z-drive.

Azimuth thruster
An azimuth thruster is a configuration of marine propellers placed in pods that can be rotated to any horizontal angle (azimuth), making a rudder redundant.  These give ships better maneuverability than a fixed propeller and rudder system.
Rynella, Louisiana
Rynella is an unincorporated community in Iberia Parish, Louisiana, United States. The community is located 5 miles (8.0 kilometres) west of Lydia, 5 miles (8.0 kilometres) southwest of New Iberia and 3 miles (4.8 kilometres) northeast of Avery Island.

Iberia Parish, Louisiana
Iberia Parish (French: Paroisse de l'Ibérie, Spanish: Parroquia de Iberia) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 69,929; the parish seat is New Iberia.

The parish was formed in 1868 during the Reconstruction era and named for Iberia. It is part of the 22-parish Acadiana region of the state, with a large Francophone population. Some of its ethnic French residents had ancestors who settled here after being expelled in the 18th century by the British from Acadia in present-day Canada. Historically, it has also been a center for sugar cane cultivation and produces the most sugar of any parish in the state.

Iberia Parish is part of the Lafayette metropolitan area. The Port of Iberia has a waterway with access to the Gulf Coast.
Austevoll Church
Austevoll Church (Norwegian: Austevoll kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Austevoll Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Storebø. It is one of the five churches for the Austevoll parish which is part of the Fana prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1890 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Heinrich Jess (1847-1916). The church seats about 400 people.

Storebø
Storebø is the administrative centre and largest village in Austevoll Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern part of the island of Huftarøy, just south of the village of Birkeland and northwest of the village of Haukanes.

The 1.82-square-kilometre (450-acre) village has a population (2025) of 1,695 and a population density of 931 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,410/sq mi).
Tholen
Tholen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtoːlə(n)] ⓘ) is a 25,000 people municipality in the southwest of the Netherlands. The municipality of Tholen takes its name from the town of Tholen, which is the largest population center in the municipality.

The municipality consists of two peninsulas, formerly islands, the larger one on the south also called Tholen, the smaller one on the north called Sint Philipsland. The two are separated by the former strait, now bay, of Krabbenkreek. The municipality is bordered on the east by the Eendracht, once a Scheldt branch but now part of the Scheldt-Rhine Canal, crossed by three road bridges, by the Oosterschelde estuary to the south, the straits of Keeten-Mastgat to the west and the Krammer strait to the north.

The town has a small historical center partly surrounded by a "gracht" and partly bordered by a harbour for fishing boats and yachts.

Eendracht
The Eendracht is a former tidal branch of river Scheldt that has been channelised to form the northern stretch of the Scheldt-Rhine Canal. It flows from the Zoommeer lake (formerly part of the Oosterschelde) near Bergen op Zoom past the town and eponymous island of Tholen towards the former island of Sint Philipsland, where it used to end in the Krabbenkreek estuary. The passage to the estuary has been closed off, however, and an additional stretch of canal was dug to connect the Eendracht to the Krammer lake, itself a former estuary closed off from the sea during the Delta Works. The Eendracht is probably the last remaining remnant of the Striene river.
Mount Pond
Mount Pond is a peak, 550 m (1,800 ft) in height, standing 2.8 km (1.7 mi) east-south-east of Pendulum Cove, on Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name appears on an 1829 chart based upon survey work by the British expedition under Foster, 1828–31. It was probably named for John Pond, noted English astronomer and director of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich at that time.

Deception Island
Deception Island is in the South Shetland Islands close to the Antarctic Peninsula with a large and usually "safe" natural harbour, which is occasionally affected by the underlying active volcano. This island is the caldera of an active volcano, which seriously damaged local scientific stations in 1967 and 1969. The island previously held a whaling station. It has now become a tourist destination, attracting over 15,000 visitors annually. Two research stations are operated by Argentina and Spain during the summer season. While various countries have asserted sovereignty, it is still administered under the Antarctic Treaty System, meaning it is under no control.
.303/25
The .303/25, sometimes known as the .25/303 is a wildcat centrefire rifle cartridge, based on the .303 British, necked down to fire a .257 projectile, originating in Australia in the 1940s as a cartridge for sporterised rifles, particularly on the Lee–Enfield action; similar versions also appeared in Canada around the same time.

Wildcat cartridge
A wildcat cartridge, often shortened to wildcat, is a custom-made cartridge for which ammunition and/or firearms are not mass-produced. These cartridges are often created as experimental variants to optimize a certain ballistic performance characteristic (such as the power, size, or efficiency) of an existing commercial cartridge, or may merely be intended as novelty items.

Developing and using wildcat cartridges does not generally serve a purpose in military or law enforcement; it is more a hobby for serious sport shooting, hunting, gunsmithing and handloading enthusiasts, particularly in the United States. There are potentially endless varieties of wildcat cartridge: one source of gunsmithing equipment has a library of over 6,000 different wildcat cartridges for which they produce equipment such as chamber reamers.
Rehna
Rehna (German pronunciation: [ˈʁeːna] ⓘ) is a town in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated 26 km southeast of Lübeck, and 28 km northwest of Schwerin. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.

Nordwestmecklenburg
Nordwestmecklenburg (Northwestern Mecklenburg) is a Kreis (district) in the north-western part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the coast of the Baltic Sea and borders on Schleswig-Holstein to the west. Neighboring districts are (from east clockwise) Rostock, Ludwigslust-Parchim and the district-free city Schwerin, and the district Lauenburg and the district-free city Lübeck in Schleswig-Holstein. The district seat is the town Wismar.
Uniform 4-polytope
In geometry, a uniform 4-polytope (or uniform polychoron) is a 4-dimensional polytope which is vertex-transitive and whose cells are uniform polyhedra, and faces are regular polygons.

There are 47 non-prismatic convex uniform 4-polytopes. There are two infinite sets of convex prismatic forms, along with 17 cases arising as prisms of the convex uniform polyhedra. There are also an unknown number of non-convex star forms.

John Horton Conway
John Horton Conway FRS (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English mathematician. He was active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics, most notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life.

Born and raised in Liverpool, Conway spent the first half of his career at the University of Cambridge before moving to the United States, where he held the John von Neumann Professorship at Princeton University for the rest of his career. On 11 April 2020, at age 82, he died of complications from COVID-19.
J.D.s
J.D.s was a Canadian queer punk zine which started in 1985 and ran for eight issues until 1991. The zine was co-authored by G.B Jones and Bruce LaBruce and is credited as being one of the first and most influential queer zines. The zine's content was centred around anarchic queer-punk themes and heavily discussed queer-skewed punk music from the late 1980s.

The zine is widely regarded as being greatly influential in inciting the queercore movement of the 1990s, which created a community for queer youths who were ostracised from both the gay and punk communities.

Punk zine
A punk zine (or punkzine) is a zine related to the punk subculture and hardcore punk music genre. Often primitively or casually produced, they feature punk literature, such as social commentary, punk poetry, news, gossip, music reviews and articles about punk rock bands or regional punk scenes.
German Fountain
The German Fountain (Turkish: Alman Çeşmesi; German: Deutscher Brunnen) is a gazebo styled fountain in the northern end of the former Hippodrome of Constantinople (Sultanahmet Square) in Istanbul and across from the Mausoleum of Sultan Ahmed I. It was constructed to commemorate the second anniversary of German Emperor Wilhelm II's visit to Istanbul in 1898. It was built in Germany, then transported piece by piece and assembled on its current site in 1900. The neo-Byzantine style fountain's octagonal dome has eight marble columns, and dome's interior is covered with golden mosaics.

Hippodrome of Constantinople
The Hippodrome of Constantinople (Greek: Ἱππόδρομος τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, romanized: Hippódromos tēs Kōnstantinoupóleōs; Latin: Circus Maximus Constantinopolitanus; Turkish: Hipodrom) was a circus that was the sporting and social centre of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. Today it is a square in Istanbul, Turkey, known as Sultanahmet Square (Turkish: Sultanahmet Meydanı).

The word hippodrome comes from the Greek hippos (ἵππος), horse, and dromos (δρόμος), path or way. For this reason, it is sometimes also called Atmeydanı ("Horse Square") in Turkish. Horse racing and chariot racing were popular pastimes in the ancient world and hippodromes were common features of Greek cities in the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine eras.
Gerard Ngendaganya
Gerard Ngendaganya is a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Justice of Burundi from 1996 to 1997. He was succeeded by Gervais Rubashamuheto, who was also succeeded by Thérence Sinunguruza (1998– 2001).

Ministry of Justice (Burundi)
The Ministry of Justice, Keeper of the Government Seals, Human Rights and Gender performs tasks such as the following:

Promote judicial cooperation and training and inspect any related institutions

Educate litigants by disseminating legal information and providing translation if necessary

Ensure human rights and ministerial collaboration

Monitor cases that are gender-based or minor-related violations

The following administrations are under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice:

General Directorate of Penitentiary Affairs

Directorate of the Conservation of Land Titles

Center for Studies and Legal Documentation

Professional Training Center of Justice

National Service of Legislation
Effusibacillus pohliae
Effusibacillus pohliae is a species of Gram positive, aerobic, thermophilic bacterium. The cells are rod-shaped and form spores.  It was first isolated from Mount Melbourne, Antarctica. The species is named after the genus of Pohlia nutans, a species of moss that was colonizing the area where the type strain was isolated. E. pohliae has also been isolated from a geothermal heat pump in South Korea.

The species was originally grouped with genus Alicyclobacillus. However, further research found that A. pohliae and Alicyclobacillus consociatus belonged in a newly described genus Effusibacillus, and were renamed accordingly.

The optimum growth temperature for E. pohliae is 55 °C, and can grow in the 42-60 °C range. Its optimum pH is 5.0, and grows in pH range 4.5-7.5.

Alicyclobacillus
Alicyclobacillus is a genus of Gram-variable, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria.  The bacteria are able to grow in acidic conditions, while the spores are able to survive typical pasteurization procedures.
Rufino Santos
Rufino Jiao Santos (August 26, 1908 – September 3, 1973) was the 29th Archbishop of Manila from February 10, 1953, until his death on September 3, 1973, and was the first Filipino elevated to the rank of cardinal.

Guagua
Guagua, officially the Municipality of Guagua (Kapampangan: Balen ning Guagua; Tagalog: Bayan ng Guagua), is a municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 137,948 people.
Haworthia parksiana
Haworthia parksiana is a species of succulent plant native to the Western Cape of South Africa. Regarded as the smallest and one of the rarest types of Haworthia in the wild, it is thought to be most closely related to Haworthia floribunda. It grows in rosettes up to about 4 centimetres (1.6 in) in diameter, and is often hidden in the ground.

Haworthia
Haworthia is a large genus of small succulent plants endemic to Southern Africa 
(Mozambique, Namibia, Lesotho, Eswatini and South Africa).

Like aloes and gasteria they are members of the subfamily Asphodeloideae and they generally resemble miniature aloes, except in their flowers, which are distinctive in appearance. They are popular garden and container plants.

These plants were described by Henri Auguste Duval (1777-1814) in 1809. The genus name is derived from Adrian Hardy Haworth’s (1767-1833) name, a botanist and avid succulent collector.
Andrew Corlett
Andrew Thomas Kaneen Corlett is the current First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls of the Isle of Man who served as Second Deemster from 2011 to 2018, having previously held the title of Deputy Deemster from 2007. His appointment as First Deemster & Clerk of the Rolls was announced on 10 July 2018.

Corlett was a litigation director with the Douglas law firm Simcocks since 2001. He specialised in public law, human rights and employment law and was previously a Government Advocate from 1995 to 2001, and a partner with Dickinson Cruickshank.

Corlett was educated at King William's College on the island. He went up to Pembroke College, Oxford in 1978, and graduated in law from the University of Oxford. He was called to the English and Manx Bars in 1984.

King William's College
King William's College (Manx: Colleish Ree Illiam) is a co-educational private school for pupils aged 3 to 18 near Castletown on the Isle of Man. It is a member of the International Baccalaureate and Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference organisations. The College operates at two sites: a main senior school campus on the shore of Castletown Bay, and a prep school (The Buchan School) in the Westhill part of Castletown. The College was originally for boys only, but became co-educational in the 1980s. It has roughly five hundred pupils.

The UK Department for Education categorises it as an Overseas British school.
George Cumberland
George Cumberland (27 November 1754 – 8 August 1848) was an English art collector, writer and poet. He was a lifelong friend and supporter of William Blake, and like him was an experimental printmaker. He was also an amateur watercolourist, and one of the earliest members of the Bristol School of artists. He made use of his wide circle of connections to help its other members, in particular assisting and influencing Edward Bird and Francis Danby.

Francis Danby
Francis Danby ARA (16 November 1793 – 9 February 1861) was an Irish painter of the Romantic era. His imaginative, dramatic landscapes were comparable to those of John Martin. Danby initially developed his imaginative style while he was the central figure in a group of artists who have come to be known as the Bristol School. His period of greatest success was in London in the 1820s.
Washington Township, Monroe County, Indiana
Washington Township is one of eleven townships in Monroe County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,029 and it contained 882 housing units.  The township contains a portion of the Morgan-Monroe State Forest.

Monroe County, Indiana
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. In 1910 the US Census Bureau calculated the nation's mean population center to lie in Monroe County. The population was 139,718 at the 2020 United States census. The county seat is Bloomington. Monroe County is part of the Bloomington, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bob Goen
Robert Kuehl Goen (born December 1, 1954) is an American game show emcee and television personality, best known for his work on Entertainment Tonight between 1993 and 2004 and as the fourth and final host of the daytime Wheel of Fortune from 1989 to 1991.

Mary Hart
Mary Hart (born Mary Johanna Harum; November 8, 1950) is an American television personality. She was the host (1982–2011) of the syndicated gossip and entertainment round-up television program Entertainment Tonight. She was Miss South Dakota 1970.