hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Free-radical halogenation
In organic chemistry, free-radical halogenation is a type of halogenation. This chemical reaction is typical of alkanes and alkyl-substituted aromatics under application of UV light. The reaction is used for the industrial synthesis of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), and hexachlorobutadiene. It proceeds by a free-radical chain mechanism.

Halogenation
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using halide salts and hydrogen halide acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride.
Comerio
Comerio is a comune (Municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 km northwest of Milan and about 8 km west of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,549 and an area of 5.6 km².

The Municipality of Comerio contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Muro, Orocco, Picco, Mattello, Cugnolo, and Vigne.

Comerio borders the following municipalities: Barasso, Castello Cabiaglio, Cuvio, Gavirate.

Gavirate
Gavirate is a comune (municipality) in the province of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 9,438 and an area of 13.3 square kilometres (5.1 sq mi).

The comune of Gavirate contains the frazioni (hamlets) Oltrona al Lago, Voltorre and other mainly villages: Groppello, Le Vigne, Fignano, Forte di Orino, Fienile delle Pianezze, Armino, Pozzuolo, Cual, Ca'de Monti, Ronco, and Benedetto.

Gavirate borders the following comuni: Barasso, Bardello con Malgesso e Bregano, Besozzo, Biandronno, Casciago, Cocquio-Trevisago, Comerio, Cuvio, Varese.
Camerata Cornello
Camerata Cornello (Bergamasque: Camerada) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 60 km (37 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 km (12 mi) north of Bergamo.

Camerata Cornello borders the following municipalities: Cassiglio, Lenna, Piazza Brembana, San Giovanni Bianco, Taleggio. Its frazione of Cornello dei Tasso is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Mobico Group
Mobico Group, formerly National Express Group, is a British multinational public transport company with headquarters in Birmingham, England. Domestically it currently operates bus and coach services under brands including National Express. The company also operates transport services including trains abroad: in Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Malta, Germany, Bahrain, Morocco, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and South Korea, and long-distance coach services across Europe. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.

Veolia Transport
Veolia Transport (formerly Connex and CGEA Transport) was the international transport services division of the French-based multinational company Veolia until the 2011 merger that gave rise to Veolia Transdev, later renamed Transdev. Veolia Transport traded under the brand names of Veolia Transportation in North America and Israel, Veolia Transport, Veolia Verkehr in Germany and with the former name Connex preserved in Lebanon, Melbourne (until it ceased operations in 2009) and Jersey (until it ceased operations on 31 December 2012) .

Until 2011, Veolia had diverse road and rail operations across the globe, employing 72,000 workers worldwide and serving completely or partly about 40 metropolitan areas with more than 1,000,000 inhabitants.
Ngapi
Ngapi (Burmese: ငါးပိ [ŋəpḭ], lit. 'pressed fish') is a pungent paste made of either fish or shrimp used in Burmese cuisine. Ngapi is typically made by fermenting fish or shrimp that is salted and ground then sundried. Like cheese, it can be distinguished based on main ingredient and regional origin. Ngapi can be distinguished by the type of fish used to make it. Ngapi can come from whole fish (such as ngapi kaung), from small fish (hmyin ngapi) or from prawns (seinza ngapi). Ngapi is a main ingredient of Lower Burmese cooking and is used as a condiment or additive in most dishes. Raw ngapi, with some exceptions, is not intended for direct consumption.

Similar fermented seafood pastes are common across the Southeast Asian cuisines, notably Malay belacan and Thai kapi and pla ra, Lao padaek, and Khmer prahok.

Padaek
Padaek  or padek (Lao: ປາແດກ) is a traditional Lao condiment made from pickled or fermented fish that has been cured. It often contains chunks of fish and is thicker, as well as more seasoned than fish sauce. Unlike other versions of fish sauce in Southeast Asia, padaek is made from freshwater fish, owing to the landlocked nature of the former kingdom of Lan Xang. Padaek is used in many Lao dishes, most notably tam maak hoong.
Ensign (band)
Ensign is an American hardcore punk band from New Jersey. They formed in 1995 and signed with Indecision Records in 1996. They signed to the larger label "next door", Dexter Holland's Nitro Records, in 1998 and finally came to rest at Blackout Records in 2003 after a brief sortie back to Indecision in 2000.

Death by Stereo/Ensign
The Death by Stereo/Ensign split 7-inch EP was released by Indecision Records in December 2000. It was an interesting release because both bands had left the label. Ensign in 1998 to go to Nitro Records, and Death by Stereo to go to Epitaph Records. At the time, Death by Stereo were recording material for their new studio release, Day of the Death, and Ensign were in New York City producing an EP for Nitro Records, For What It's Worth. They both agreed to record extra tracks for release by the label which had arguably launched their careers.

In line with Indecision Records custom, they released the 7-inch in limited numbers, 1517 on black vinyl and 480 on brown vinyl. All five tracks were later re-released by Indecision Records on a CD compilation of some of their back catalogue of split EPs. It was called Indecision Records Split Series and was released in April 2001.
Dotnuvėlė
The Dotnuvėlė is a river of Kėdainiai district municipality and Radviliškis district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 60.9 kilometres and has a basin area of 192.7 km2.

Its valley is 350–500 m wide. The current rate is 0.2-0.9 meters per second. The Dotnuvelė course goes through Skėmiai, Gudžiūnai, Mantviliškis, Akademija, Dotnuva. It is a right tributary of the Nevėžis river, into which it flows in Kėdainiai.

The name Dotnuvėlė (formerly Dotnava) could derive from the PIE root *dā- ('liquid, to flow') as Sanskrit: dānu ('liquid, drop'), Ossetian: дон ('river'), Avar: dā-nu- ('river, current'), etc.

Nevėžis
The Nevėžis (/nɪˈvɛʒɪs, nɛ-/; Lithuanian: [nʲɛˈvʲěːʑɪs] ⓘ) is the sixth longest river in Lithuania and one of the main tributaries of the Nemunas. The 209 km (130 mi) long Nevėžis flows entirely within Lithuania. Among the rivers that flow exclusively within Lithuania's borders, the Nevėžis is the second longest, after the Šventoji. Its source is in the Anykščiai District Municipality. The river first flows in a northwesterly direction, but at Panevėžys it turns southwest, and passing Kėdainiai, flows into the Neman just west of Kaunas near Raudondvaris.
Easaval
Easaval (Scottish Gaelic: Easabhal) is one of the smallest hills on the island of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, with a height of 243 metres (797 ft). It is a small rounded hill located south of Lochboisdale near Pollachar in the southernmost part of South Uist, overlooking the Sound of Barra.

There are good views from the top, including distant views of St Kilda on the northwestern horizon, almost 60 miles (100 kilometres) away. On a clear day one can also see Beinn Mhòr, the highest hill in South Uist, Skye, Rùm, Canna, Eigg and Muck. To the south there are views of Barra, Coll and Tiree, the Isle of Mull, and landmarks on the mainland such as the lighthouse on Ardnamurchan, all the great mainland hills between Glenelg and Ardnamurchan, and the peaks of Beinn Talaidh, Beinn Bhearnach and Dun da Ghaoith.

South Uist
South Uist (Scottish Gaelic: Uibhist a Deas, [ˈɯ.ɪʃtʲ ə ˈtʲes̪] ⓘ; Scots: Sooth Uist) is the second-largest island of the Outer Hebrides in Scotland. At the 2022 census it had a usually resident population of 1,650, a decrease of 104 since 2011. The island, in common with the rest of the Hebrides, is one of the last remaining strongholds of the Gaelic language in Scotland. South Uist's inhabitants are known in Gaelic as Deasaich (Southerners). The population is about 90% Roman Catholic.

The island is home to a nature reserve and a number of sites of archaeological interest, including the only location in the British Isles where prehistoric mummies have been found. In the northwest, there is a missile testing range. In 2006 South Uist, together with neighbouring Benbecula and Eriskay, was involved in Scotland's biggest-ever community land buyout by Stòras Uibhist. The group also owns the "biggest community wind farm in Scotland", Lochcarnan, on South Uist which opened in 2013.
Joseph Amenta
Joseph Amenta is a Canadian film director and screenwriter, whose debut feature film Soft premiered at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival.

Prior to Soft, Amenta directed a number of short films, the most noted of which, Flood, premiered at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival and included Tynomi Banks in its cast.

Amenta is non-binary and uses gender-neutral pronouns.

Tynomi Banks
Sheldon Orlando McIntosh, known professionally as Tynomi Banks, is a Canadian drag queen. A staple of Toronto's queer nightlife scene since the 2010s, Tynomi Banks performed in drag for over a decade before competing on the first season of the reality competition television series Canada's Drag Race (2020) and later the second season of Canada's Drag Race: Canada vs. the World (2024).
Durotaxis
In cellular biology, durotaxis is a form of cell migration in which cells are guided by rigidity gradients, which arise from differential structural properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Most normal cells migrate up rigidity gradients (in the direction of greater stiffness).

Haptotaxis
In cellular biology, haptotaxis (from Greek  ἅπτω (hapto) 'touch, fasten' and  τάξις (taxis) 'arrangement, order') is the directional motility or outgrowth of cells, e.g. in the case of axonal outgrowth, usually up a gradient of cellular adhesion sites or substrate-bound chemoattractants (the gradient of the chemoattractant being expressed or bound on a surface, in contrast to the classical model of chemotaxis, in which the gradient develops in a soluble fluid). These gradients are naturally present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the body during processes such as angiogenesis, or artificially present in biomaterials where gradients are established by altering the concentration of adhesion sites on a polymer substrate.
Chairperson's Council of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Chairperson's Council of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is a body which handles the daily affairs of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, which is the national body of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference CPPCC), the top political advisory body of China. It is composed of the chairman, the vice chairpersons, and the secretary-general of the CPPCC National Committee. It holds more frequent meetings than the CPPCC National Committee.

National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The National Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is the national-level organization that represents the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the political advisory body in the People's Republic of China.

The CPPCC National Committee is composed of a chairman, several vice chairpersons, a secretary-general and regular members. The National Committee of the CPPCC typically holds a yearly meeting at the same time as plenary sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC). The CPPCC National Committee and NPC plenary sessions are collectively called the Two Sessions. When the CPPCC National Committee is not in session, the Standing Committee of the National Committee exercises most of its powers on its behalf.
Constantine I of Georgia
Constantine I (Georgian: კონსტანტინე I, Konstantine I) (died 1412) was king (mepe) of Georgia from 1405 or 1407 until his death in 1412. He is the common ancestor of all surviving branches of the Bagrationi dynasty.

Timurid invasions of Georgia
The Timurid invasions of Georgia (Georgian: თემურლენგის ლაშქრობები საქართველოში, romanized: temurlengis lashkrobebi sakartveloshi) were eight invasions between 1386 and 1403 of the Kingdom of Georgia in the Caucasus by the Timurid Empire. Led by Timur, the Timurids ultimately conquered Georgia and made it a tributary state. However, Georgia, a Christian monarchy, was allowed to retain its independence and remain Christian.
Bluffton High School (Ohio)
Bluffton High School is a public high school located in Bluffton, Ohio in Allen County, Ohio.  It is the only high school in the Bluffton Exempted Village School District. Bluffton High School's mascot is the pirate.

Bluffton, Ohio
Bluffton, originally known as Shannon, is a village in Allen and Hancock counties in the U.S. state of Ohio.  The population was 3,967 at the 2020 census. Bluffton is home to Bluffton University, a four-year educational institution affiliated with Mennonite Church USA. Bluffton is served by the Bluffton general aviation airport. Bluffton participates in the Tree City USA program.

The Allen County portion of Bluffton is part of the Lima, Ohio metropolitan area, while the Hancock County portion is part of the Findlay Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Carmel High School (Carmel, California)
Carmel High School is a school of 874 students and 50-plus faculty members, situated directly off of Highway 1 within the city of Carmel, California. It is a part of Carmel Unified School District.

Carmel Unified School District is the second largest geographical district in the state of California enrolling students up to 40 miles (64 km) south of Carmel and 20 miles (32 km) east. Communities represented by CUSD, which has Carmel High as its only comprehensive high school, include Carmel-by-the-Sea, the majority of Carmel Valley Village, and sections of Del Monte Forest. The district also includes Big Sur, and Pebble Beach. Built in 1940, the school made significant capital improvements in the 2010s including a new performing arts theater, math wing, science wing, and library with plans to renovate the current administration building. Both the theater and science wing utilized "green" construction practices, such as energy efficient lights and appliances.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (/kɑːrˈmɛl/), commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. Mission Carmel served as the headquarters of the Californian mission system, until the Mexican secularization act of 1833, when the area was divided into rancho grants. The settlement was largely abandoned by the U.S. Conquest of California in 1848 and stayed undeveloped until Santiago J. Duckworth built a summer colony in 1888. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which incorporated in 1916.
Large ground finch
The large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris) is a species of bird in the genus Geospiza. One of Darwin's finches, it is now placed in the tanager family Thraupidae and was formerly in the Emberizidae. It is the largest species of Darwin's finch.

Floreana Island
Floreana Island (Spanish: Isla Floreana) is a southern island in Ecuador's Galápagos Archipelago. The island has an area of 173 km2 (67 sq mi). It was formed by volcanic eruption. The island's highest point is Cerro Pajas at 640 m (2,100 ft), which is also the highest point of a volcano, as with most of the smaller islands of Galápagos. The island has a population of about 100.
Barnehurst
Barnehurst is a town in Greater London within the London Borough of Bexley. It lies north east of Bexleyheath, and 13.0 miles (20 km) east south-east of Charing Cross. It is separated from North Bexleyheath by the A220, Erith Road.

Barnehurst railway station
Barnehurst railway station serves Barnehurst, Northumberland Heath and northern parts of Bexleyheath in the London Borough of Bexley; it is 13 miles 71 chains (22.3 km) from Charing Cross on the Bexleyheath line. The platforms are situated east of the Barnehurst Lane overbridge.

Barnehurst was opened by the Bexley Heath Railway on 1 May 1895 as part of its route from Blackheath to Slade Green.
David Lindsay-Abaire
David Lindsay-Abaire (né Abaire; born November 30, 1969) is an American playwright, lyricist and screenwriter. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 2007 for his play Rabbit Hole, which also earned several Tony Award nominations. Lindsay-Abaire won both the 2023 Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical and Tony Award for Best Original Score for the musical adaptation of his play Kimberly Akimbo.

Rabbit Hole (2010 film)
Rabbit Hole is a 2010 American drama film directed by John Cameron Mitchell and written by David Lindsay-Abaire, based on his 2006 play of the same name. The film stars Nicole Kidman (who also co-produced) and Aaron Eckhart as a grieving couple coping with the death of their four-year-old son. It also stars Dianne Wiest, Tammy Blanchard, Giancarlo Esposito, Jon Tenney, Sandra Oh and Miles Teller in his film debut.

Rabbit Hole had its world premiere at the 35th Toronto International Film Festival on September 13, 2010. The film received a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 17, 2010, before a wide release on January 28, 2011, by Lionsgate Films. Kidman's performance was critically acclaimed; she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role.
Tradwife
A tradwife (a portmanteau of the words traditional and wife) is a member of an internet subculture made up of women who promote traditional gender roles, often on social media.

Tradwife aesthetics have been associated with far-right politics, particularly the alt-right and alt-lite movements. Researchers have identified differing political views among tradwives, ranging from conservatism to right-wing extremism.

Hannah Neeleman
Hannah Neeleman (née Wright) (born June 25, 1990) is an American social media figure and businesswoman, known by her social media handle Ballerina Farm. Named for her farm in Kamas, Utah, Neeleman is known for posting about homemaking, farming, and raising her eight children.
Iberian Pact
The Iberian Pact (Pacto Ibérico) or Peninsular Pact, formally the Portuguese–Spanish Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression, was a non-aggression pact that was signed at Lisbon, just a few days before the end of the Spanish Civil War, on 17 March 1939 by Portuguese Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, representing Portugal, and Ambassador Nicolás Franco, representing Spain. The treaty was ratified on 25 March 1939.

The Iberian Pact marked the beginning of a new phase in Iberian relations, and regular meetings between Franco and Salazar played a fundamental role in the new political arrangement. The pact proved to be a decisive instrument in keeping the Iberian Peninsula out of Hitler's continental system. An additional protocol to the pact was signed on 29 July 1940, after the Fall of France.

Portugal during World War II
At the start of World War II in 1939, the Portuguese Government announced on 1 September that the 550-year-old Anglo-Portuguese Alliance remained intact, but since the British did not seek Portuguese assistance, Portugal was free to remain neutral in the war and would do so. In an aide-mémoire of 5 September 1939, the British government confirmed the understanding.  As Adolf Hitler's occupation swept across Europe, neutral Portugal became one of Europe's last escape routes. Portugal was able to maintain its neutrality until 1944, when a military agreement was signed to give the United States permission to establish a military base in Terceira Island in the Azores and thus its status changed to non-belligerent in favour of the Allies.
Air Patrol Squadron 3 (JMSDF)
Air Patrol Squadron 3 (第3航空隊, daisankoukuutai) (also referred to as VP-3 or Fleet Air Squadron 4) is a unit in the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force. It is a part of Fleet Air Wing 4 and is based at Naval Air Facility Atsugi in Kanagawa prefecture. It is equipped with Kawasaki P-1 aircraft.

Lockheed P-2 Neptune
The Lockheed P-2 Neptune (designated P2V by the United States Navy prior to September 1962) is a maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. It was developed for the US Navy by Lockheed to replace the Lockheed PV-1 Ventura and PV-2 Harpoon, and was replaced in turn by the Lockheed P-3 Orion. Designed as a land-based aircraft, the Neptune never made a carrier landing, but a small number were converted and deployed as carrier-launched (using JATO assist), stop-gap nuclear bombers that would have to land on shore or ditch. The type was successful in export, and saw service with several armed forces.