hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛɐ̯dən]; German: Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.

In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover.

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.

Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven (German pronunciation: [ˌbʁeːmɐˈhaːfn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Bremerhoben) is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany. It forms an exclave of the city-state of Bremen. The River Geeste flows through the city before emptying into the Weser.

Bremerhaven was founded in 1827 as a seaport for Bremen, and it remains one of the busiest ports in the country. It was historically rivalled by Geestemünde [de] on the opposite side of the Geeste, which belonged to Hanover (and later Prussia). Geestemünde united with neighbouring Lehe [de] to form the city of Wesermünde [de] in 1924, and Bremerhaven was itself annexed to Wesermünde in 1939, but the entire conurbation was restored to Bremen in 1947.
Coopers School
Coopers School is a mixed secondary school with academy status in Chislehurst in the London Borough of Bromley, England. The current Head of School is Claire Bessa.

The site is on land between Chislehurst Common and the National Trust's Hawkwood Estate, an area of working farmland and woodland, and is above the Chislehurst Caves.

As of 2013 the school had some 1,357 students, of whom approximately 200 were in the sixth form.

The school was inspected by Ofsted in 2023 and rated good.

Chislehurst
Chislehurst (/ˈtʃɪzəlˌhɜːrst/) is an affluent suburban district of south-east London, England, in the London Borough of Bromley. It lies east of Bromley, south-west of Sidcup and north-west of Orpington, 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Charing Cross. Before the creation of Greater London in 1965, it was in Kent. According to the 2021 census, Chislehurst has a population of 15,600 (rounded to the nearest 100).
Bay City Central High School
Bay City Central High School (BCC) is a high school located at 1624 Columbus Avenue, Bay City, Michigan, United States, and a part of Bay City Public Schools.  Its mascot is the wolf, and its colors are purple and gold.

Bay City, Michigan
Bay City is a city in Bay County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 32,661 at the 2020 census. The city is located just upriver from the Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River. It is the principal city of the Bay City metropolitan area, which is coterminous with Bay County as part of the larger Greater Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan. Several historic bridges cross the Saginaw River in Bay City, including Liberty Bridge, Veterans Memorial Bridge, Independence Bridge, and Lafayette Avenue Bridge.
Cedrus
Cedrus, with the common English name cedar, is a genus of coniferous trees in the plant family Pinaceae (subfamily Abietoideae). They are native to the mountains of the western Himalayas and the Mediterranean region at high altitudes. The trees grow tall with a cylindrical trunk and a wide leafy crown. The cones are erect; the leaves grow in tufts of 15–45 needle leaves, which can be bright green or blue-green with a waxy coat. When the cones are mature, they disintegrate to release the seeds, which are winged. Both pollen and seeds are wind-dispersed.

Cedars are often planted as ornamental trees in parks and large gardens, while others are grown as bonsai. Cedar wood and cedarwood oil are naturally repellent to moths, and have an attractive, long-persistent scent.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Los Niños de Sara
Los Niños de Sara (in Spanish, "Sara's children") is a Spanish-speaking Gitano musical group from Montpellier, France. They perform on their own, but they are best known for the involvement in the musical group Alabina.

Ishtar (singer)
Esther "Eti" Zach (Hebrew: אסתר "אתי" זך, known by her stage name Ishtar (אישתאר), is a French-Israeli vocalist best known for her work as the front vocalist of the French-based band Alabina, and her solo pop hits such as "C'est la vie", "Last Kiss", "Horchat HaEkaliptus" and "Habibi (Sawah)".
New York University School of Law
40°43′49″N 73°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.73028°N 73.99944°W﻿ / 40.73028; -73.99944

The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City.

Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest extant law school in New York State and one of the oldest law schools in the United States. Located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, NYU Law grants J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees.

As of 2025, NYU Law's first-time bar passage rate is 96.6 percent, with an ultimate bar passage rate of 99.2 percent.

Jerome A. Cohen
Jerome Alan Cohen (July 1, 1930 – September 22, 2025) was an American legal scholar. He was a professor of law at the New York University School of Law, an expert in Chinese law, and an adjunct senior fellow for Asia Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations.

Cohen was an advocate of human rights in China, and took active roles in securing the release of Song Yongyi and Chen Guangcheng from under Chinese custody. His former students include Taiwanese president Ma Ying-jeou, and former Taiwanese vice president Annette Lu.
Bernard Street, Edinburgh
Bernard Street is a thoroughfare in Leith, Edinburgh, Scotland. It runs west north westerly from the junction of Constitution Street and Baltic Street to meet the Water of Leith at The Shore.  It forms the northern boundary of what was known in the 19th century as 'Old Leith'.

King's Wark
The King's Wark in Leith was a building on the Shore of Leith, at the mouth of the Water of Leith into the Firth of Forth. The King's Wark was the Scottish royal arsenal where cannon used on royal ships were kept and maintained, and where supplies shipped to Leith for the royal household were stored. To the north east of the King's Wark the Shore was extended into the sea by a pier known as the "Bulwark". To the west was the Broad Wynd, and on the south, there was a walled yard. An inn on the site was documented in 1623. The site on the Shore includes a public house and restaurant called "The King's Wark" on the corner of the Shore and Bernard Street.
Doddabasappa Temple
Doddabasappa Temple (Kannada: ದೊಡ್ಡಬಸಪ್ಪ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ) is a 12th-century Western Chalukyan architectural innovation in Dambal, Karnataka state, India. Dambal is about 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Gadag city and 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Ittagi in Koppal district. The sanctum contains a Shiva linga, the symbol of the presiding deity, God Shiva. The temple interior is a standard construction and consists of a sanctum (cella), a vestibule (antarala) and a main mantapa  (also called navaranga or hall). The vestibule connects the sanctum to the mantapa. The Western Chalukya monuments, regional variants of existing dravida (South Indian) temples, defined the Karnata dravida architectural tradition.

Gadag-Betageri
Gadaga-Betageri  is a city municipal council in Gadag district in the state of Karnataka, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Gadag District. The original city of Gadag and its sister city Betageri (or Betgeri) have a combined city administration. The municipality of Gadag-Betageri has a population of  172,813 and an area of 54.0956 km2 (20.8864 sq mi). Kanaginahal of Gadag is the birthplace of the first co-operative society in Asia. The temples of Veera Narayana and Trikuteshwara are places of religious and historic importance.
Black Peter (card game)
Black Peter is the English name of the European game of Schwarzer Peter which originated in Germany where, along with Quartett, it is one of the most common children's card games. Old Maid is similar in concept to Black Peter and may derive from it.

Johann Peter Petri
Johann Peter Petri, nicknamed Old Black Peter (German: Der alte Schwarzpeter) or simply Black Peter (Schwarzer Peter), (born 24 March 1752 in Burgen near Bernkastel; died after 1812) was a robber and accomplice of Schinderhannes, the notorious highwayman. The name of the card game, Black Peter may be derived from Petri or from another notorious bandit, Peter Nikoll, also known as Black Peter.
Financial Intelligence Unit
A financial intelligence unit (FIU) is a national agency responsible for receiving, analyzing, and disseminating financial  information on suspicious or unusual financial activity from the financial industry and other entities or professions required to report suspicious transactions, suspected of being money laundering or terrorism financing.

Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is a bureau within the United States Department of the Treasury that collects and analyzes information about financial transactions to combat domestic and international money laundering, terrorist financing, and other financial crimes.
Erik Marks von Würtemberg
Baron Erik Teodor Marks von Würtemberg (1861, Björnlunda – 1937) was a Swedish jurist and politician. He served as Foreign Minister of Sweden 1923–1924 in the government of Ernst Trygger, representing the General Electoral Union. During his tenure, Sweden recognised the Soviet Union.

He was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden (Högsta domstolen) 1903–1920 and President of the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt) 1920–1931.   He represented Sweden at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 as well as at the Rome Conference of 1928 to revise the Berne Convention. From 1920 to 1929, he represented his home country in the League of Nations. He was subsequently a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague.

Ernst Trygger
Ernst Trygger (27 October 1857 – 23 September 1943) was a Swedish conservative statesman, diplomat, and jurist who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1923 to 1924. He was leader of the National Party from 1913 to 1933 and represented Kopparberg and Stockholm in the Riksdag from 1898 to 1937. An influential figure in Swedish conservatism and politics during the 20th century, he was known for his advocacy of constitutional order, strong executive authority, and cautious attitude toward democratic reform.
AI Now Institute
The AI Now Institute (AI Now) is an American research institute studying the social implications of artificial intelligence and policy research that addresses the concentration of power in the tech industry. AI Now has partnered with organizations such as the Distributed AI Research Institute (DAIR), Data & Society, Ada Lovelace Institute, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York University Center for Data Science, Partnership on AI, and the ACLU. AI Now has produced annual reports that examine the social implications of artificial intelligence. In 2021–22, AI Now's leadership served as a Senior Advisors on AI to Chair Lina Khan at the Federal Trade Commission. Its executive director is Amba Kak.

Amba Kak
Amba Kak is a US-based technology policy expert who is the Co-Executive Director of AI Now Institute, a US-based research institute.

In 2021, she served as senior advisor on AI to the Federal Trade Commission, advising the US federal regulator on emerging technology issues.

She is on the Board of the Signal Foundation and working group member at the Ada Lovelace Institute and on the Steering Committee of the Knight Georgetown Institute.

Amba is a member of New York City’s Mayor Elect Zohran Mamdanis transition team.

In 2024 TIME magazine listed Kak among 100 most influential people in AI.
JAM (trade union)
JAM is a trade union representing manufacturing workers in Japan.

The union was founded on 9 September 1999, when the Japanese Metal Industrial Workers' Union merged with the National Metal and Machinery Workers' Union.  Like both its predecessors, it affiliated to RENGO.  The union initially represented about 500,000 members, in 2,200 local or company unions.  Its name is derived from an English language description, the Japanese Association of Metal, Machinery and Manufacturing Workers.

Japanese Metal Industrial Workers' Union
The Japanese Metal Industrial Workers' Union (Japanese: ゼンキン連合, Zenkindomei) was a trade union representing metal engineering workers in Japan.

The union founded in 1951, and affiliated with the Japanese Federation of Labour.  It later joined the Japanese Confederation of Labour (Domei), and by 1967 it was its second-largest affiliate, with 220,044 members.  In 1987, it moved to Domei's successor, the Japanese Trade Union Confederation.  On 9 September 1999, it merged with the National Metal and Machinery Workers' Union to form JAM.
Saint-Georges-des-Gardes
Saint-Georges-des-Gardes (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɔʁʒ de ɡaʁd] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. It was created in 1973 by the merger of two former communes: Saint-Georges-du-Puy-de-la-Garde and Les Gardes. Its population was 1,630 in 2022.

On 15 December 2015, Chanzeaux, La Chapelle-Rousselin, Chemillé-Melay, Cossé-d'Anjou, La Jumellière, Neuvy-en-Mauges, Sainte-Christine, Saint-Georges-des-Gardes, Saint-Lézin, La Salle-de-Vihiers, La Tourlandry and  Valanjou merged becoming one commune called Chemillé-en-Anjou.

Valanjou
Valanjou (French pronunciation: [valɑ̃ʒu] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

On 15 December 2015, Chanzeaux, La Chapelle-Rousselin, Chemillé-Melay, Cossé-d'Anjou, La Jumellière, Neuvy-en-Mauges, Sainte-Christine, Saint-Georges-des-Gardes, Saint-Lézin, La Salle-de-Vihiers, La Tourlandry and Valanjou merged becoming one commune called Chemillé-en-Anjou.
Elpinice
Elpinice (Ancient Greek: Ἐλπινίκη Μιλτιάδου Λακιάδου, romanized: Elpinikē Miltiadou Lakiadou, flourished c. 510-450 BC) was a noblewoman of classical Athens. She is known from Plutarch's Life of Cimon, as well as Life of Pericles where she appears twice in political confrontations with the Athenian statesman. Part of the Cimonids (related to Cimon), she is recorded as having repeatedly defended and aided her brother Cimon in Plutarch's work. She appears to have faced scrutiny for her behavior as a woman in Athenian society, as Plutarch says people described her as "not very decorous" and Pericles rebuked her actions as an older woman.

Miltiades
Miltiades (/mɪlˈtaɪəˌdiːz/; Ancient Greek: Μιλτιάδης Κίμωνος; c. 550 – 489 BC), also known as Miltiades the Younger, was a Greek Athenian statesman known mostly for his role in the Battle of Marathon, as well as for his downfall afterwards. He was the son of Cimon Coalemos, a renowned Olympic chariot-racer, and the father of Cimon, the noted Athenian statesman.
Wilfrid Ward
Wilfrid Philip Ward (2 January 1856 – 9 April 1916) was an English essayist and biographer. Ward and his friend Baron Friedrich von Hügel have been described as "the two leading lay English Catholic thinkers of their generation".

Maisie Ward
Mary Josephine "Maisie" Ward Sheed (4 January 1889 – 28 January 1975) was a British writer, speaker, and publisher. In 1926, Maisie's brother Leo Ward was invited to be co-founder of the publishing house Sheed and Ward, but he proved ill-suited to the work. Maisie took her place when Leo left to become a priest.
Lobogo
Lobogo is an arrondissement in the Mono department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Bopa. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 17,622.

The name Lobogo is a place-name meaning "Under the orange tree" ("lobwe" = orange tree; "go" = under) in the local Sahue language. This is in reference to a woman who had set up a vendor stand under an orange tree. The market has grown to become one of the largest in the surrounding area. The market is known for its assortment of vodun-related ritual items and an impressive selection of goods brought from as far as Cotonou for sale. Market days occur once every five days with a significantly smaller selection of items available on non-market days. Non-textiles are often available only on a seasonal basis.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Antigonish Movement
The Antigonish Movement blended adult education, co-operatives, microfinance and rural community development to help small, resource-based communities around Canada's Maritimes to improve their economic and social circumstances. A group of priests and educators, including Father Jimmy Tompkins, Father Moses Coady, Rev. Hugh MacPherson and A.B. MacDonald led this movement from a base at the Extension Department at St. Francis Xavier University (St. F.X.) in Antigonish, Nova Scotia.

The credit union systems of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and PEI owe their origins to the Antigonish Movement, which also had an important influence on other provincial systems across Canada. The  Coady International Institute at St. F.X. has been instrumental in developing credit unions and in asset-based community development initiatives in developing countries ever since.

Antigonish, Nova Scotia
Antigonish (/ˌæntɪɡəˈnɪʃ/ AN-tig-ə-NISH; Canadian Gaelic: Am Baile Mòr [am ˈpalə ˈmuːɾ]) is a town in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The town is home to St. Francis Xavier University and the oldest continuous Highland games outside Scotland. It is approximately 160 kilometres (100 miles) northeast of Halifax, the provincial capital.
Paalmerah
Paalmerah is a town in the Jambi Province of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is located 2.8 miles from the town of Jambi.

Nearby towns and villages include Kinati (6.1 nm), Muarakumpe (4.1 nm), Sungaiterap (6.1 nm), Talangpelempang (14.2 nm), Tempino (12.7 nm), Muarabahar (23.0 nm).

The town has an airport, Paalmerah Airport which serves the city of Jambi that has 73 flights departing per week for short haul destinations. Paalmerah has 42 medium-sized aircraft departing each week.

Tempino
Tempino is a town in the Batang Hari Regency in the Jambi Province of Sumatra, Indonesia.

Nearby towns and villages include Bejubang (11.0 nm), Kuap (15.6 nm), Pijoan (12.0 nm), Kinati (10.4 nm), Paalmerah (12.7 nm) and Talangpelempang (2.0 nm). 
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Meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid
meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA or mCPBA) is a peroxycarboxylic acid. It is a white solid often used widely as an oxidant in organic synthesis. mCPBA is often preferred to other peroxy acids because of its relative ease of handling.  mCPBA is a strong oxidizing agent that may cause fire upon contact with flammable material.

Peroxy acid
A peroxy acid (often spelled as one word, peroxyacid, and sometimes called peracid) is an acid which contains an acidic −OOH group.  The two main classes are those derived from conventional mineral acids, especially sulfuric acid, and the peroxy derivatives of organic carboxylic acids.  They are generally strong oxidizers.
George Denholm Armour
George Denholm Armour OBE (1864–1949) was a British painter and illustrator. During his career he made hundreds of illustrations for The Graphic, Punch and Country Life, most connected with horses and riding. His work was part of the art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics, the 1932 Summer Olympics, and the 1948 Summer Olympics.

William Henry Ogilvie
William Henry Ogilvie (21 August 1869 – 30 January 1963) was a Scottish-Australian narrative poet and horseman, jackaroo, and drover, and  described as a quiet-spoken handsome Scot of medium height, with a fair moustache and red complexion.   He was also known as Will Ogilvie, by the pen names including 'Glenrowan' and the lesser 'Swingle-Bar', and by his initials, WHO.

Ogilvie was part of the trio of Australian bush poets, with Banjo Paterson (1864–1941) and Henry Lawson (1867–1922).  His Fair girls and gray horses (1896) was considered second only to Banjo Paterson's Man from Snowy River (1895).  A reader ballot in 1914 saw him placing seventh of Australia's twelve most favourite poets.

Wearing the title of 'Universally acclaimed in Australia as a bush balladist of the "Outback"', Will H. Ogilvie wrote over 1,100 poems, including A Scotch night, The Australian, Summer country, Kings of the earth, and Whaup o' the rede.
Fokker D.VIII
The Fokker E.V was a German parasol-monoplane fighter aircraft designed by Reinhold Platz and built by Fokker-Flugzeugwerke. The E.V was the last Fokker design to become operational with the Luftstreitkräfte entering service in the last months of World War I. After several fatal accidents due to wing failures, the aircraft was modified and renamed Fokker D.VIII. Dubbed the Flying Razor by post-war pulp-fiction writers, the D.VIII had the distinction of scoring the last aerial victory of the war.

Motorenfabrik Oberursel
Motorenfabrik Oberursel A.G. was a German manufacturer of automobile, locomotive and aircraft engines situated in Oberursel (Taunus), near Frankfurt (Main), Germany. During World War I it supplied a major 100 hp-class rotary engine that was used in a number of early-war fighter aircraft designs. In 1921 the company merged with Deutz AG, and then again in 1930 with Humboldt-Deutz Motoren, and finally in 1938 with Klöcknerwerke AG. From this point on they were known as the Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Oberursel factory, known primarily for their locomotive engines. Today they are part of Rolls-Royce Deutschland, and produce one family of their jet engines.

The factory in Oberursel is claimed to be the oldest surviving aircraft engine factory in the world.