hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Labial–retroflex consonant
Labial–retroflex consonants are doubly articulated consonants that are co-articulated at the lips and with the front part or underside of the tongue against the palate. They are only attested in Yélî Dnye, an unclassified language of Rossel Island, Papua New Guinea.

Doubly articulated consonant
Doubly articulated consonants are consonants with two simultaneous primary places of articulation of the same manner (both plosive, or both nasal, etc.). They are a subset of co-articulated consonants. They are to be distinguished from co-articulated consonants which have secondary articulation; that is, a second articulation not of the same manner. An example of a doubly articulated consonant is the voiceless labial–velar plosive [k͡p], which is a [k] and a [p] pronounced simultaneously. On the other hand, the voiceless labialized velar plosive [kʷ] has only a single stop articulation, velar ([k]), with a simultaneous approximant-like rounding of the lips. In some dialects of Arabic, the voiceless velar fricative [x] has a simultaneous uvular trill, but this is not considered double articulation either.
Modinagar railway station
Modinagar railway station (code: MDNR) is a main railway station in Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh. It serves Modinagar city. The station consists of two platforms. The platforms are not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.

The station lies between Meerut and Ghaziabad therefore most of the major express trains as well as all general passenger trains from Delhi to Meerut–Haridwar–Dehradun route stop at this railway station. The station is part of Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line of the Northern Railway and comes under Delhi railway division of Northern Railway.

Modinagar
Modinagar is a town and a municipal board in Ghaziabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is 24 km from Ghaziabad city, 48 km from New Delhi. It is a part of National Capital Region.

The city was founded in 1933 by Gujarmal Modi who established the Modi Group of Industries here along with his brother, Kedar Nath Modi. It is approximately 45 kilometres north-east of New Delhi. It is situated on Ghaziabad Meerut National Highway No. 58, approximately equally distant from Meerut and Ghaziabad. It is best known as the home of business conglomerate Modi Enterprises. In recent years, Modinagar has been developed as an educational hub as many new institutions are being established in and around the city due to its location in National Capital Region. Modinagar is also a part of Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System. It is connected to recently constructed Delhi - Meerut Expressway (NE-3) via Bhojpur exit.
Axelle Red
Fabienne Demal (born 15 February 1968), better known by her stage name Axelle Red, is a Belgian singer-songwriter. She has released 12 albums, including Sans plus attendre, À Tâtons, Toujours Moi and Jardin Secret. She is best known for her 1993 single "Sensualité", a hit in France in 1994.

NRJ Music Award
An NRJ Music Award (commonly abbreviated as an NMA) is an award presented by the French radio station NRJ to honor the best in the French and worldwide music industry. The awards ceremony, created in 2000 by NRJ in partnership with the television network TF1, traditionally took place every year in mid-January at Cannes (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France) as the opening of MIDEM (Marché international de l'édition musicale). It is now held in the month of November. They give out awards to popular musicians in different categories.

The name "NRJ" means  "Nouvelle Radio des Jeunes" (new radio of the young). It is a play on words between the pronunciation of the French letters and the French word "énergie" (energy). Val Kahl hosted and presented "Les Coulisses des NRJ Music Awards" Season 2011, 2012 and 2013 on NRJ12.
Oost Gelre
Oost Gelre is a municipality in the Achterhoek, in the eastern Netherlands. On 1 January 2005, the municipalities Groenlo and Lichtenvoorde merged and formed the new municipality Oost Gelre, which was called Groenlo until 19 May 2006.

Achterhoek
The Achterhoek (Dutch: [ˈɑxtərɦuk] ⓘ; Achterhoeks: Achterhook) is a cultural region and COROP area in the Eastern Netherlands.
Its name (meaning "rear-corner") is geographically appropriate because the area lies in the easternmost part of the province of Gelderland and therefore in the east of the Netherlands, protruding into Germany. The Achterhoek lies at the east of the IJssel. On the other sides, it borders Germany to the southeast and the province of Overijssel to the northeast.

In 2015, the Achterhoek had a population of 389,682. The region is also called de Graafschap (Dutch for earldom, shire or county; namesake of VBV De Graafschap in Doetinchem) because it coincides with the historical County of Zutphen. The region is predominantly rural, with much open space, forests and farms. The area around the town of Winterswijk is regarded as noteworthy. A well-known beer originates from this region: Grolsch beer was first brewed in Groenlo in 1615.
Nozawaonsen
Nozawaonsen (野沢温泉村, Nozawaonsen-mura) is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019, the village had an estimated population of 3,653 in 1,395 households and a population density of 63 persons per km². The total area of the village is 57.96 square kilometres (22.38 sq mi).

Iiyama, Nagano
Iiyama (飯山市, Iiyama-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2019, the city had an estimated population of 20,118 in 7372 households, and a population density of 99 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 202.43 square kilometres (78.16 sq mi). It markets itself as "Japan's Hometown" and is known as the "Little Kyoto of Snow Country".
Augustus De Morgan
Augustus De Morgan (27 June 1806 – 18 March 1871) was a British mathematician and logician. He is best known for De Morgan's laws, relating logical conjunction, disjunction, and negation, and for coining the term "mathematical induction", the underlying principles of which he formalized. De Morgan's contributions to logic are heavily used in many branches of mathematics, including set theory and probability theory, as well as other related fields such as computer science.

Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet
Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet FRSE (8 March 1788 – 6 May 1856) was a Scottish metaphysician. He is often referred to as William Stirling Hamilton of Preston, in reference to his mother, Elizabeth Stirling.
Convair 990 Coronado
The Convair 990 Coronado is a retired American narrow-body four-engined jet airliner produced between 1961 and 1963 by the Convair division of American company General Dynamics. It was a stretched version of its earlier Convair 880 produced in response to a request from American Airlines: the 990 was lengthened by 10 ft (3.0 m), which increased the number of passengers from between 88 and 110 in the 880 to between 96 and 121. This was still fewer passengers than the contemporary Boeing 707 (110 to 189) or Douglas DC-8 (105 to 173), although the 990 was 25–35 mph (40–56 km/h) faster than either in cruise.

Aerolíneas Peruanas
Aerolíneas Peruanas S.A. (also known as APSA or the English translation Peruvian Airlines) was an airline from Peru, serving as flag carrier of the country from 1956 to 1971. Headquartered in Lima, it operated a network of scheduled passenger flights to major places in Latin America, as well as the United States, out of its hub at Jorge Chávez International Airport.
Édouard Empain
Édouard Louis Joseph, 1st Baron Empain (20 September 1852 – 22 July 1929), was a wealthy Walloon Belgian engineer, entrepreneur, financier and industrialist, as well as an amateur Egyptologist. During World War I he became a known major general. His major claims to fame are being the original winner of the contract to build the Paris Metro, and developing the town of Heliopolis in Cairo.

Cairo Electric Railways and Heliopolis Oases Company
The Cairo Electric Railways & Heliopolis Oases Company (Arabic: شركة سكك حديد مصر الكهربائية  و واحات عين شمس) was formed in Cairo, Egypt in 1906 to develop a 25 square kilometer plot of land into the Heliopolis suburb. It was nationalised in 1960, and remained a state-owned enterprise until it was listed on the Cairo and Alexandria Stock Exchange (now the Egyptian Exchange, or EGX) in 1995 and renamed the Heliopolis Company for Housing and Development (Arabic: شركة مصر الجديدة للإسكان و التعمير).
Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll
Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll (30 April 1564 – 16 July 1631) was a Scottish nobleman. A convert to Catholicism, he openly conspired with the king of Spain to try to unseat the Protestant Queen Elizabeth.

Elizabeth Douglas, Countess of Erroll
Elizabeth Douglas, Countess of Erroll (died 1631) was a Scottish aristocrat.

Elizabeth was the youngest daughter of William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton and Agnes Leslie, Countess of Morton. Morton had seven daughters, alleged to have been called the "pearls of Lochleven".
Binnya Kyan (minister)
Binnya Kyan (Burmese: ဗညားကျန်း, Burmese pronunciation: [bəɲá dʑáɴ]; died 1538) was a senior minister at the court of King Takayutpi of Hanthawaddy. He and Binnya Law, another senior minister, organized and led the coastal kingdom's defenses, which successfully repulsed the upstart Toungoo's three dry season raids between 1534 and 1538. They both were childhood tutors of the young king, and were absolutely devoted to him. Nonetheless, both ministers were executed in 1538 by the young king who believed in Toungoo's misinformation that the ministers were Toungoo moles. After their death, the king found himself helpless. When Toungoo forces came once again in late 1538, he decided to flee rather than fight.

Takayutpi
Thushin Takayutpi (သုရှင်တကာရွတ်ပိ, pronounced [θṵʃɪ̀ɰ̃ dəɡàjʊʔpḭ], or Taka Yut Pi or Taka Rat Pi; 1511–1539), also called Patira Rāja (ပတိရရာဇာ) was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1526 to 1539. At his accession, the 15-year-old inherited the most prosperous and powerful kingdom of all post-Pagan kingdoms. But he never had control of his vassals who scarcely acknowledged him. A dozen years later, due to the young king's inexperience and mismanagement, the Mon-speaking kingdom founded in 1287 fell to a smaller Toungoo.
Vopiscus (praenomen)
Vopiscus is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was occasionally used during the period of the Roman Republic, and later as a cognomen, surviving into imperial times. The feminine form is Vopisca. The name was not usually abbreviated, but is sometimes found with the abbreviation Vop.

The praenomen Vopiscus was always rare, but it was familiar to the scholar Marcus Terentius Varro, who described it as an antique name, no longer in general use by the 1st century BC. The only family known to have used it was gens Julia, but as with other uncommon praenomina, it may have been more common amongst the plebeians and in the countryside. The name was later used as a cognomen, becoming more frequent in imperial times. Vopiscus may once have been a praenomen in families that later used it as a cognomen, such as the Flavii and the Pompeii.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Anna Radziwiłł (died 1522)
Anna Radziwiłłówna (Lithuanian: Ona Radvilaitė) (1475 or 1476 – 15 March 1522) was a Lithuanian noble woman and Duchess of Masovia.

She was the daughter of Mikołaj Radziwiłł and his first wife, Zofia Moniwidówna. She was born in 1475 or 1476. and was a member of the House of Radziwill, a Polish-Lithuanian noble family.

Anna was married to Konrad III Rudy of the Masovian Piast dynasty between 29 September 1496 and 2 April 1497.

She died on the night of 14/15 March 1522. She was buried in the cloister of Bernardin's in Warsaw.

She is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.

She was the great-grandmother of Elizabeth Báthory.

Konrad III Rudy
Konrad III Rudy, also known in English as Konrad the Red (1447/48 – 28 October 1503), was a Polish prince and member of the Piast dynasty in the Masovian branch. He was a duke of Czersk, Liw, Warsaw, Nur, Łomża, Ciechanów, Różan, Zakroczym and Wyszogród during 1454-1471 jointly with his brothers (under regency until 1462), Duke of Płock, Wizna, Płońsk and Zawkrze during 1462-1471, and after the division of the paternal domains in 1471, sole ruler over Czersk and Liw, over Wyszogród during 1474-1489 and again in 1495, over Zakroczym since 1484, over Nur since 1488 and over Warsaw since 1489.

He was the third son of Bolesław IV of Warsaw and Barbara Olelkovna, a daughter of Kievan duke Olelko Volodymyrovych). The premature death of his two older brothers during 1453-1454 left him as the eldest surviving son of his family.
Burton and Dalby
Burton and Dalby is a civil parish in the Melton district of Leicestershire, England, to the south of Melton Mowbray.  It covers the villages of Burton Lazars, Great Dalby and Little Dalby and according to the 2001 census had a population of 895, Increasing to 985 at the 2011 census.

Burton Lazars
Burton Lazars is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Burton and Dalby, in the Melton district, in the county of Leicestershire, England. It is two miles (3 km) south-east of Melton Mowbray, having a population of c.450 in 2015. It is the site of the remains of the English headquarters of the military and hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus.
Foreign Correspondents' Club (Hong Kong)
The Foreign Correspondents' Club (FCC) in Hong Kong is a members-only club and meeting place for the media, business and diplomatic community. It is located at 2 Lower Albert Road in Central, next to the Hong Kong Fringe Club, and they both occupy the Old Dairy Farm Depot at the top of Ice House Street, one of the few remaining colonial buildings in the Central district.

Central, Hong Kong
Central (Chinese: 中環), also known as Central District, is the central business district of Hong Kong. It is located in the northeastern corner of the Central and Western District, on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, across Victoria Harbour from Tsim Sha Tsui, the southernmost point of Kowloon Peninsula. The area was the heart of Victoria City, although that name is rarely used anymore.

As the central business district of Hong Kong, it is the area where many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters. Consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as is Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters until 2011. The area, with its proximity to Victoria Harbour, has served as the centre of trade and financial activities from the earliest days of the British colonial era in 1841, and continues to flourish and serve as the place of administration since the handover to China in 1997.
L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality
L'Île-d'Orléans (French pronunciation: [lil dɔʁleɑ̃]) is a regional county municipality in central Quebec, Canada, in the Capitale-Nationale region. Its seat is Sainte-Famille-de-l'Île-d'Orléans. The population in the 2016 census was 7,082 people.

The RCM consists solely of the Île d'Orléans, an island in the Saint Lawrence River just east of Quebec City. It is the smallest RCM in Quebec in terms of land area (though not in total area including water).

Sainte-Famille-de-l'Île-d'Orléans
Sainte-Famille-de-l'Île-d'Orléans (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ famij də lil dɔʁleɑ̃], lit. 'Saint-Famille of the Orléans Island'; Sainte-Famille prior to September 12, 2017) is a municipality in the L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada, part of the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale. It is situated along the western shores of Island of Orléans.

Founded in 1661, Sainte-Famille-de-l'Île-d'Orléans is the oldest settlement on l'île d'Orléans and has one of the most important concentrations of houses of the old French regime.
Akaflieg Darmstadt
Akaflieg Darmstadt is one of approximately twenty aviation groups attached to German universities. Akaflieg is an abbreviation for Akademische Fliegergruppe, an academic group of students and faculty from a German University.

Akaflieg
Akaflieg is an abbreviation for Akademische Fliegergruppe, groups of aeronautical engineering students from individual German universities of technology and Technische Hochschulen,  pre and postwar, who design aircraft, often gliders.
Buyeo Yung
Buyeo Yung (615–682) was the eldest son of King Uija, the last king of Baekje.  He was appointed crown prince in 644, and would have been the kingdom's 32nd ruler. He is known as the progenitor of Buyeo Seo Clan (부여 서씨/扶餘徐氏) where he changed his surname to Seo.

After his father was overthrown by an alliance of Silla and the Chinese Tang dynasty in 660, Buyeo Yung was sent into exile at the Tang capital Luoyang, along with his father.  After the defeat of the Baekje restoration movement led by Boksin and Dochim at the Battle of Baekgang, which had sought to place Yung's brother Buyeo Pung on the throne, Tang felt the need for a ruler who could pacify the Baekje area.  Beginning in 664, Buyeo Yung served briefly as the governor of the Ungjin Commandery (웅진도독부; 熊津都督府) which Tang established to oversee the former territory of Baekje.

After Silla expelled Tang forces from the Korean peninsula in 676, Buyeo Yung returned to Luoyang, where he spent the rest of his days.

Uija of Baekje
Uija (595?–660, r. 641–660) was the 31st and final ruler of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.  His reign ended when Baekje was conquered by an alliance of the rival Korean kingdom Silla and China's Tang dynasty.
Alesis
Alesis is an American company that designs and markets electronic musical instruments, audio processors, mixers, amplifiers, audio interfaces, recording equipment, drum machines, professional audio, and electronic percussion products. Based in Cumberland, Rhode Island, Alesis is an inMusic Brands company.

Alesis Fusion
Alesis Fusion is a music production workstation produced by Alesis introduced in early 2005. It uses four different types of synthesis: sample and synthesis, virtual analog, FM and physical modeling. It includes sampling capability through analog inputs and importing audio samples from a computer or memory card.
Documenta 9
DOCUMENTA IX was the ninth edition of documenta, a quinquennial contemporary art exhibition. It was held between 13 June and 20 September 1992 in Kassel, Germany. The artistic director was Jan Hoet in collaboration with Bart de Baere, Denys Zacharopoulos and Pier Luigi Tazzi.

Documenta
Documenta (often stylized documenta) is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany.

documenta was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time. It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism. This first documenta featured many European artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent editions of the event feature artists based across the world, but much of the art is site-specific.

Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days". documenta is not a selling exhibition.
Association for Serb Liberation and Unification
Association for Serb Liberation and Unification (Serbian Cyrillic: Дружина за ослобођење и уједињење српско) or Society for Serb Liberation and Unification (Друштво за ослобођење и уједињење српско), commonly known as "the Association", was a Serb revolutionary organisation (national liberation movement) based in Cetinje, established in 1871, with the aim of liberating Serb-inhabited territories from the hands of the Ottoman Empire. The Association founded several boards (odbori): in Cetinje, in Novi Sad, and in Belgrade. At the same time, the Main Board for Serb Liberation (Главни одбор за српско ослобођење was established in Kragujevac with the same goals.

Nicholas I of Montenegro
Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола I Петровић-Његош; 7 October [O.S. 25 September] 1841 – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918. His grandsons were kings Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Umberto II of Italy, among others.
Chien Chih-cheng
Chien Chih-cheng (Chinese: 簡稚澄; pinyin: Jiǎn Zhìchéng) (d. 12 May 2016) was a Taiwanese veterinarian, animal welfare worker and director of an animal shelter. Her suicide caused outrage across Taiwan over the inadequate legislation regarding animal euthanasia, as well as the issue of cyberbullying by netizens and the press.

Animal shelter
An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals – mostly dogs and cats – are housed. The word "pound" has its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until they were claimed by their owners.

While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize animals that are not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner. In Europe, of the 30 countries included in a survey, all but six (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy and Poland) permitted euthanizing non-adopted animals.
The Big Beat (TV program)
The Big Beat is an American music and dance television program broadcast on the ABC Network in 1957. It was hosted by Alan Freed, and subsequently by Richard Hayes. The program debuted on May 4, 1957, four months before American Bandstand, making it the United States' "first nationally-televised rock 'n roll dance show".

The Wall Street Journal summarized the end of the program as follows. "Four episodes into “The Big Beat,” Freed’s prime-time TV music series on ABC, the show was canceled after black singer Frankie Lymon was seen on TV dancing with a white audience member".

Alan Freed
Albert James "Alan" Freed (December 15, 1921 – January 20, 1965) was an American disc jockey. He also produced and promoted large traveling concerts with various acts, helping to spread the importance of rock and roll music throughout North America, including popularizing the term "rock and roll".

In 1986, Freed was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. His "role in breaking down racial barriers in U.S. pop culture in the 1950s, by leading white and black kids to listen to the same music, put the radio personality 'at the vanguard' and made him 'a really important figure'", according to the executive director.