hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alqama ibn Qays
Alqama ibn Qays al-Nakha'i (Arabic: علقمة بن قيس النخعي) (d. AH 62 (681/682) was a well-known scholar from among the taba'een and pupil of Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud, who called him the most erudite of his disciples. He also related traditions from Ali ibn Abi Talib, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (Sa`d ibn Malik) and `Uthman.

'Alqama is the founder of the School of Kufa in Islamic religious sciences. He followed in the footsteps of Ibn Mas‘ud in praying and conduct, in practising Islam as a whole. Amr ibn Shurahbil al-Sha'bi, who was among the scholars who narrated ahadith from 'Alqama, frequently suggested to those near him: ‘Come and let us go to the one who resembles Ibn Mas‘ud the most in conduct and attitudes.’ His major student was Ibrahim al-Nakha'i, a faqih from Kufa

Imam Abu Hanifa, who is generally accepted as one of the greatest of Muslim jurists, admired 'Alqama so much that he used to comment: ‘'Alqama is probably more profound in (knowledge) of hadith and fiqh than some Companions.’

Ibrahim al-Nakha'i
Abu Imran ibn Yazid (Arabic: إبراهيم بن يزيد, romanized: Abū ʿImrān ibn Yazīd; c. 666–714), commonly known as Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (Arabic: إبراهيم النخعي, romanized: Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʿī), was an early Kufan jurist of the tabi'in. A pioneer of the use of ra'y and qiyas, al-Nakha'i influenced later Kufan jurists through his student Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, including Abu Hanifa.
Tom Casperson
Tom Casperson (July 20, 1959 – November 29, 2020) was an American businessman and politician from the State of Michigan. He formerly served as a Republican member of the Michigan State Senate, representing the 38th district, which includes much of the Upper Peninsula. He previously served in the Michigan State House of Representatives, representing the 108th district.

Bart Stupak
Bartholomew Thomas Stupak (/ˈstuːpæk/; born February 29, 1952) is an American politician and lobbyist. A member of the Democratic Party, Stupak served as the U.S. representative from Michigan's 1st congressional district from 1993 to 2011.

Stupak chose not to seek re-election in 2010. He departed Congress in January 2011, and was succeeded by Dan Benishek, a Republican from the Upper Peninsula. Stupak is now a lobbyist with Venable LLP.
Shrewsbury Abbey
The Abbey Church of the Holy Cross (commonly known as Shrewsbury Abbey) is an ancient foundation in Shrewsbury, the county town of Shropshire, England.

The Abbey was founded in 1083 as a Benedictine monastery by the Norman Earl of Shrewsbury, Roger de Montgomery. It grew to be one of the most important and influential abbeys in England, and an important centre of pilgrimage. Although much of the Abbey was destroyed in the 16th century, the nave survived as a parish church, and today serves as the mother church for the Parish of Holy Cross.

The Abbey is a Grade I listed building and is a member of the Greater Churches Group. It is located to the east of Shrewsbury town centre, near the English Bridge, and is surrounded by a triangular area which is today referred to as Abbey Foregate.

Saint Winifred
Saint Winifred (or Winefride; Welsh: Gwenffrewi; Latin: Wenefreda, Winifreda) was a Welsh virgin martyr of the 7th century. Her story was celebrated as early as the 8th century, but became popular in England in the 12th, when her hagiography was first written down.

A healing spring at the traditional site of her decapitation and restoration is now a shrine and pilgrimage site called St Winefride's Well in Holywell, Flintshire, in Wales and known as "the Lourdes of Wales", which was granted the status of National Shrine for England and Wales in November 2023.
Kimball Bent
Kimball Bent (24 August 1837 – 22 May 1916), also known as Kimble Bent, was a soldier and adventurer, who deserted from the British Army during the New Zealand Wars and lived for several years among the Māori people of New Zealand.

James Cowan (New Zealand writer)
James Cowan (14 April 1870 – 6 September 1943) was a New Zealand non-fiction author, noted for his books on colonial history and Māori ethnography. A fluent Māori speaker, he interviewed many veterans of the New Zealand Wars. His book The New Zealand Wars: A History of the Māori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period (1922–23) is his best known work.
Fannie Barrier Williams
Frances Barrier Williams (February 12, 1855 – March 4, 1944) was an American educator, civil rights, and women's rights activist, and the first black woman to gain membership to the Chicago Woman's Club. She became well known for her efforts to have black people officially represented on the Board of Control of the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. She was also a musician, a portraitist and studied foreign languages.

SUNY Brockport
State University of New York at Brockport (also known as SUNY Brockport or Brockport State, and previously The College at Brockport) is a public university in Brockport, New York, United States. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY).
Sherman County, Oregon
Sherman County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,870, making it the second-least populous county in Oregon after nearby Wheeler. The county seat is Moro, and the largest city is Wasco. The county is named for William Tecumseh Sherman, a Union general in the American Civil War.

Gilliam County, Oregon
Gilliam County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,995, making it the third-least populous county in Oregon. The county seat is Condon. The county was established in 1885 and is named for Cornelius Gilliam, a colonel who commanded the forces of the provisional government of Oregon after the Whitman Massacre.
1972 Sandown 250
The 1972 Sandown 250 was an endurance motor race for Group E Series Production Touring Cars.  It was held on 10 September 1972 over 130 laps of the Sandown circuit in Victoria, Australia, a total distance of 250 miles (403 km). The race was Heat 2 of the 1972 Australian Manufacturers' Championship.

The race was won by John Goss driving a Ford XY Falcon GTHO Phase III.

Sandown Raceway
Sandown International Raceway is a motor racing circuit in the suburb of Springvale in Melbourne, Victoria, approximately 25 km (16 mi) south east of the city centre. Sandown is considered a power circuit with its "drag strip" front and back straights being 899 and 910 m (983 and 995 yd) long respectively.
SeaWorld Orlando
SeaWorld Orlando is an animal theme park located just outside Orlando, Florida. Although separately gated, it is often promoted with neighboring parks Discovery Cove and Aquatica as well as Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, all of which are owned and operated by United Parks & Resorts. In 2022, SeaWorld Orlando hosted an estimated 4.45 million guests, ranking it the 10th most visited amusement park in the United States. SeaWorld Orlando is also featured in the 1983 film Jaws 3-D.

Journey to Atlantis
Journey to Atlantis is the name shared by three Water Coasters located at SeaWorld theme parks. These attractions, while different from one another, tell a similar story of a trip to the mythical land of Atlantis. Each one combines roller coaster elements, such as chain lift hills and steep drops, with boat-based attraction elements, such as splash-down landings. All three attractions were designed by Mack Rides of Germany.
Vikram Dharma
Vikram Dharma (born as R. N. Dharmaseelan in 1956 – 28 June 2006) was an Indian action choreographer in the Tamil film industry (also known as Kollywood) in Indian cinema. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Action for Yuva. He was the son of fight master R. N. Nambiar who was known for his works in MGR's movies. He had worked with actor Kamal Haasan in many movies. His working name of "Vikram" was assigned to him once he became acted in Kamal Haasan's movie of the same name in 1986. Stunt masters and Actors like Ponnambalam, Stun Siva, Thalapathy Dinesh, Anal Arasu, K. Ganesh Kumar, Ram Laxman, Supreme Sundar, Anbariv, Mahanadi Shankar, Besant Ravi, Rajendran, T. Ramesh, Indian Baskar, K. Rajasekhar, Sai Dheena, Azhagu & Vengal Rao have worked as fighters and assistants to him. He died of a heart attack in early 2006.

Anal Arasu
Anal Arasu (born as C. M. A. Arasakumar) is an Indian fight master/action choreographer, who works in the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi film industries. He started his career as an extra fighter and assistant to stunt masters including Rambo Rajkumar, Judo. K. K. Rathnam, Vikram Dharma, Jaguar Thangam, Kanal Kannan, Stun Siva and Peter Hein. His work has received critical acclaim.

Influenced by his father, C. M. Arasu, who had done several movies in the 1980s, Arasu stated that he always wanted to be an "action man". Chatrapathy was his first film. He has since gone to collaborate with director Prabhu Deva for the action films Vedi (2011) and Rowdy Rathore (2012). He worked with A. R. Murugadoss for Kaththi (2014) and S. Shankar for I (2015).
Evening Snow
Evening Snow was an American Quarter Horse bred by Ginger Hyland and was purchased in foal with his mother Florentine by AQHA Hall of Fame Inductee Princess Abigail Kawananakoa.  Foaled in 1993, he was sired by Chicks Beduino and was out of the Champion mare Florentine.
In 1995, he won the first Los Alamitos Million Futurity. In 1996, he became the first horse of any breed to run 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km) from a standing start and a closed gate in under 21 seconds, finishing with 20.94 and setting a new world record. This earned him a speed index of 128.

Chicks Beduino
Chicks Beduino (1984–2003) as of the end of 2006 was second on the all-time list of leading Quarter Horse sires by races won by his offspring, and third on the all-time list of racing money earned by his offspring. He has sired one World Champion Quarter Running Horse – Whosleavingwho, as well as other champion horses including Separatist, Chicks First Policy, Corona Chick, This Snow is Royal, Artesias Special Chic, The Prize, Country Chics Man and Evening Snow. He died in 2003 from kidney failure.

Chicks Beduino was inducted into the AQHA Hall of Fame in 2007.
Terminus (Doctor Who)
Terminus is the fourth serial of the 20th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was originally broadcast in four twice-weekly parts on BBC1 from 15 to 23 February 1983.

In the serial, the alien time traveller the Fifth Doctor (Peter Davison) attempts to stop the fuel from a plague spaceship called Terminus from exploding and causing the destruction of the universe.

Terminus is the second of three loosely connected serials where the Black Guardian (Valentine Dyall) attempts to compel the alien Vislor Turlough (Mark Strickson) to kill the Doctor. It marks the final regular appearance of Sarah Sutton as companion Nyssa.

Doctor Who season 20
The twentieth season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 3 January 1983 with the story Arc of Infinity, and ended 16 March 1983 with The King's Demons. A 20th Anniversary special, "The Five Doctors", followed in November 1983. John Nathan-Turner produced this series, with Eric Saward script editing.
Phyllothecaceae
The prehistoric family Phyllothecaceae, of the plant order Equisetales,  was erected in 1828, when Brongniart described the type species Phyllotheca australis coming from Hawkesbury River, Australia.

It existed during the Permian Period.

Equisetales
Equisetales is an order of subclass Equisetidae with only one living family, Equisetaceae, containing the genus Equisetum (horsetails), as well as a variety of extinct groups, including the tree-like Calamitaceae.
Ordnance Survey Ireland
Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSI; Irish: Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis Éireann) was the national mapping agency of the Republic of Ireland. It was established on 4 March 2002 as a body corporate. It was the successor to the former Ordnance Survey of Ireland. It and the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland (OSNI) were themselves the successors to the Irish operations of the British Ordnance Survey. OSI was part of the Irish public service. OSI was headquartered at Mountjoy House in the Phoenix Park in Dublin, which had previously been the headquarters of the British Ordnance Survey in Ireland until 1922.

In March 2023, the Ordnance Survey was dissolved and its functions transferred to a new body called Tailte Éireann, which also incorporates the Property Registration Authority and the Valuation Office.

Phoenix Park
The Phoenix Park (Irish: Páirc an Fhionnuisce) is a large public urban park in Dublin, Ireland, lying 2–4 kilometres (1.2–2.5 mi) west of the city centre, north of the River Liffey. Its 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) perimeter wall encloses 707 hectares (1,750 acres) of recreational space. It includes large areas of grassland and tree-lined avenues, and since the 17th century has been home to a herd of wild fallow deer. The Irish Government has lobbied UNESCO to have the park designated as a World Heritage Site.
Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India
Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India, Pvt. Ltd., abbreviated as HMSI, is the wholly owned Indian subsidiary of Honda Motor Company, Limited, Japan. Founded in 1999, it was the fourth Honda automotive venture in India, after Kinetic Honda Motor Ltd (1984–1998), Hero Honda (1984–2011) and Honda Siel Cars India (1995–2012). HMSI was established in 1999 at Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana.

Honda CBF125
The Honda CBF125 and CB125F are lightweight, small-capacity motorcycles produced for road riders from 2008. The differences between CBF125 and CB125F are that the CB uses a fork mounted fairing whereas the CBF uses a frame mounted fairing.
Kenneth Roderick O'Neal
Kenneth Roderick O'Neal (1908–1989), was an American architect, engineer, and painter. He founded the first Black-owned and led architecture firm in downtown Chicago. O'Neal was an artist of the Harlem Renaissance, who later studied under former Bauhaus instructors and colleagues of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and employed early career architects including Beverly Lorraine Greene, John Moutoussamy, and Georgia Louise Harris Brown.

Georgia Louise Harris Brown
Georgia Louise Harris Brown (June 12, 1918 – September 21, 1999), is considered to be the second African American woman to become a licensed architect in the United States. She was also the first black woman to earn a degree in architecture from the University of Kansas. She was also the only black member of the Chicago chapter of Alpha Alpha Gamma (female architects and allied women professionals).
Higham Ferrers railway station
Higham Ferrers is a former railway station on the Higham Ferrers branch line from Wellingborough.  It served the market town of Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, England.

The station was opened by the Midland Railway on 1 May 1894, and was named Higham Ferrers. It was renamed Higham Ferrers and Irthlingborough on 1 July 1902, but reverted to its original name on 1 October 1910. It was closed by British Railways on 15 June 1959.

The line was closed in 1969, and the station has since been demolished and the track lifted. It is the eventual aim of the Heritage Rushden, Higham & Wellingborough Railway to reopen the line to Higham Ferrers from its base at Rushden station.

Higham Ferrers
Higham Ferrers is a market town and civil parish in the Nene Valley in North Northamptonshire, England, close to the Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire borders. It forms a single built-up area with Rushden to the south and had a population of 8,827 at the 2021 census. The town centre contains many historic buildings around the Market Square and College Street.
Intraarticular fracture
An intraarticular fracture is a bone fracture in which the break crosses into the surface of a joint. This always results in damage to the cartilage. Compared to extraarticular fractures, intraarticular have a higher risk for developing long-term complications, such as posttraumatic osteoarthritis.

Bone fracture
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin.

A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. Most bone fractures require urgent medical attention to prevent further injury.
Bloomberg London
Bloomberg London is an office building in the City of London, which was opened in 2017. It is owned by Bloomberg L.P. and functions as their European headquarters. It is at 3 Queen Victoria Street, to the west of Walbrook, on the site previously occupied by Bucklersbury House.

London Mithraeum
The London Mithraeum, also known as the Temple of Mithras, Walbrook, is a Roman Mithraeum that was discovered in Walbrook, a street in the City of London, during a building's construction in 1954. The entire site was relocated to permit continued construction and this temple of the mystery god Mithras became perhaps the most famous 20th-century Roman discovery in London.
Székelykáposzta
Székelykáposzta also known as "cabbage stew à la Székely" or "Székely goulash" (known as "segedínský guláš" in Czech, "segedínsky guláš" in Slovak, "Szegediner Gulasch" in German, "segedin golaž" in Slovenian and "gulasz segedyński" in Polish) is a distinctive dish in Hungarian and Eastern European cuisine. Contrary to its name, it does not originate from the Székely people, and traditional Transylvanian cuisine does not recognize it.

Goulash
Goulash (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈgujaːʃlɛvɛʃ] ⓘ) is a meal made of meat and vegetables seasoned with paprika and other spices. Originating in Hungary, goulash is a common meal predominantly eaten in Central Europe but also in other parts of Europe. It is one of the national dishes of Hungary and a symbol of the country.

Its origins may be traced back as far as the 10th century to stews eaten by Hungarian shepherds. At that time, the cooked and flavoured meat was sun-dried and packed into bags produced from sheep's stomachs, needing only water to make it into a meal. Earlier versions of goulash did not include paprika, as it was not introduced to Europe until the 16th century.
Gregg Hurwitz
Gregg Andrew Hurwitz (born August 12, 1973) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and comic book writer. Most of his novels are in the thriller fiction genre. His script writing work includes a film adaptation of his book Orphan X, a TV adaptation of Joby Warrick's Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS, and a screenplay for the 2017 film The Book of Henry. He also has written comic books for publishers such as DC Comics and Marvel Comics.

The Punisher (2004 series)
The Punisher (re-titled Frank Castle: The Punisher after issue #66; sometimes referred to as The Punisher MAX) was a comic book ongoing series published under the MAX imprint of Marvel Comics, featuring vigilante and antihero the Punisher.
Model of hierarchical complexity
The model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) is a framework for scoring how complex a behavior is, such as verbal reasoning or other cognitive tasks. It quantifies the order of hierarchical complexity of a task based on mathematical principles of how the information is organized, in terms of information science. This model was developed by Michael Commons and Francis Richards in the early 1980s.

Developmental stage theories
In psychology, developmental stage theories are theories that divide psychological development into distinct stages which are characterized by qualitative differences in behavior.

There are several different views about psychological and physical development and how they proceed throughout the life span. The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists generally agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously.
Hugo Häring
Hugo Häring (11 May 1882 – 17 May 1958) was a German architect and architectural writer best known for his writings on "organic architecture", and as a figure in architectural debates about functionalism in the 1920s and 1930s, though he had an important role as an expressionist architect.

Häring was born in Biberach an der Riß, in the Kingdom of Württemberg.  A student of the great Theodor Fischer, he took the view that each building should be uniquely developed according to the specific demands of the site and client.  Few of Häring's designs were built but he was a strong influence on his friend and colleague Hans Scharoun.  One built design was a contribution to the Siemensstadt housing project in Berlin from 1929 through 1931, which was master-planned by Scharoun.

Häring was a founding member of both The Ring and CIAM. He was married to actress Emilia Unda in 1918. The couple later divorced and he married actress Roma Bahn in 1950. He died in Göppingen, aged 76.

Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne
The Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM), or International Congresses of Modern Architecture, was an organization founded in 1928 and disbanded in 1959, responsible for a series of events and congresses arranged across Europe by the most prominent architects of the time, with the objective of spreading the principles of the Modern Movement focusing in all the main domains of architecture (such as landscape, urbanism, industrial design, and many others).
Royal Academy of Performing Arts
The Royal Academy of Performing Arts (RAPA) renamed as the Traditional Performing Arts and Music Division is a Bhutanese government body within the Ministry of Home Affairs, Department of Culture and Dzongkha Development, that supports the preservation of traditional Bhutanese culture. It was founded in 1954 under the initiative of the Third Druk Gyalpo Jigme Dorji Wangchuck. In 1967, it was institutionalised as an academy and the Royal Dance troupe was its creation. The Academy is located in Thimphu, along Chhophel Lam.

Ministry of Home Affairs (Bhutan)
27°29′22″N 89°38′6″E﻿ / ﻿27.48944°N 89.63500°E﻿ / 27.48944; 89.63500

The Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs (Dzongkha: ནང་སྲིད་ལྷན་ཁག་; Wylie: nang-srid lhan-khag; "Nangsi Lhenkhag") renamed as Ministry of Home Affairs is the government ministry within the Lhengye Zhungtshog (Council of Ministers) which oversees law and order; the civil administration; immigration services; the issuance of citizenship documents, and other related documents; the delivery of services by local governments; and the preservation, promotion, development, and protection of the culture and heritage of Bhutan. It is headed by the Home Minister (Nangsi Lyonpo), who sits on the Lhengye Zhungtshog and is led by the prime minister. The Ministry currently operates from Tashichho Dzong.
Ancient Diocese of Dol
The Breton and French Catholic diocese of Dol, situated in the northern part of the department of Ille-et-Vilaine, 6 km (3.8 mi) from the English Channel coast and 22 km (14 mi) southeast of Saint-Malo, existed from 848 until the French Revolution. It was suppressed by the Concordat of 1801.

The seat of the bishop was the cathedral of Saint Samson. Its scattered territory (deriving from the holdings of the Celtic monastery, and including an enclave at the mouth of the Seine) was shared  mainly by the Diocese of Rennes and the Diocese of Saint-Brieuc.

Budoc
Budoc of Dol (also Budeaux or Beuzec) was a 5th-century Breton monk and Bishop of Dol, who has been venerated since his death as a saint in both Brittany (in France) and Devon (in England). Budoc is the patron saint of Plourin in Finistère where his relics are preserved. His feast day was originally celebrated on 8 December, the date still used in Devon, but in Brittany this has been transferred to 9 December.