hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James A. Roe
James A. Roe Sr. (July 9, 1896 – April 22, 1967) was an American World War I and World War II veteran and politician from New York.  He served as the leader the Queens County Democratic committee from 1938 to 1954 and a single term in the United States House of Representatives from 1945 to 1947.

1948 Democratic National Convention
The 1948 Democratic National Convention was held at Philadelphia  Convention Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from July 12 to July 15, 1948, and resulted in the nominations of President Harry S. Truman for a full term and Senator Alben W. Barkley of Kentucky for vice president in the 1948 presidential election.

One of the decisive factors in convening both major party conventions in Philadelphia that year was that the eastern Pennsylvania area was part of the newly developing broadcast television market. In 1947, TV stations in New York City, Washington and Philadelphia were connected by a coaxial cable. By the summer of 1948 two of the three new television networks, NBC and CBS, had the ability to telecast along the east coast live gavel-to-gavel coverage of both conventions. In television's early days, live broadcasts were not routinely recorded, but a few minutes of Kinescope film of the conventions has survived.
Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore di Siponto
The Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore di Siponto is a church approximately three miles south of Manfredonia, Apulia, southern Italy. Once the cathedral of the city of Siponto, it received the status of Basilica Minor in 1977; it is dedicated to the Holy Virgin of Siponto (the town was moved to the new city of Manfredonia in the mid-13th century).

The church was completed around 1117, when it was consecrated (perhaps in place of a pre-existing 6th century Palaeo-Christian edifice) and the relics of Laurence of Siponto were placed under the high altar.

Manfredonia
Manfredonia (Italian: [maɱfreˈdɔːnja]) is a town and commune of Apulia, Italy, in the province of Foggia, from which it is 35 kilometres (22 miles) northeast by rail. Manfredonia is situated on the coast, facing east, to the south of Monte Gargano, and gives its name to the gulf to the east of it. As of 2017 its population was 56,932.
Sicilian Defence
The Sicilian Defence is a chess opening that begins with the following moves:

1. e4 c5

1...c5 is one of the most popular responses to White's first move 1.e4. Like 1...e5, the move contests control of the d4-square, but breaks symmetry immediately, often leading to dynamic and sharp positions.

The earliest recorded notes on the Sicilian Defence date back to the late 16th century by the Italian chess players Giulio Polerio and Gioachino Greco. It was extremely popular in the second half of the 20th century and was extensively played and analysed by many grandmasters, such as Bobby Fischer, Garry Kasparov, and Mikhail Tal.

Miguel Najdorf
Miguel Najdorf (/naɪdɔːrf/ NY-dorf; born Mojsze Mendel Najdorf; 15 April 1910 – 4 July 1997) was a Polish-Argentine chess grandmaster. Originally from Poland, he was in Argentina when World War II began in 1939, and he stayed and settled there. He was a leading world player in the 1940s and 1950s, and is also known for the Najdorf Variation, one of the most popular chess openings.
141st meridian west
The meridian 141° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 141st meridian west forms a great circle with the 39th meridian east.

Most of the border between Alaska, United States and Yukon, Canada is defined by the meridian, meaning the western extremity of Canada lies on this meridian.

39th meridian east
The meridian 39° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 39th meridian east forms a great circle with the 141st meridian west.
Horaglanis
Horaglanis is a genus of small airbreathing catfishes that are endemic to Kerala in India. The four known species are all adapted to life underground, lack pigmentation and are blind.

This genus and Kryptoglanis, both from the Western Ghats, are the only known underground-living catfish in India.

Kryptoglanis shajii
Kryptoglanis shajii is a species of subterranean catfish found in subsurface waters in the Western Ghats in Kerala, India.  This cavefish grows to a length of 5.9 centimetres (2.3 in) SL.  It is currently the only known member of its genus and family. Although first discovered from underground waters, it has also been seen in dense vegetation in paddy fields and was found to be common in this habitat in the Chalakudy. The species strongly avoids light and feeds on small invertebrates.

This genus and Horaglanis, both from the Western Ghats, are the only known underground-living catfish in India.
Munir Shakir
Munir Shakir (Pashto/Urdu: منیر شاکر; 4 April 1969 - 15 March 2025) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar and former militant leader, who was the founder of Lashkar-e-Islam and a strong critic of state oppression and injustices against Pashtuns.

He actively participated in Pashtun Tahafuz Movement gatherings, including the Pashtun National Jirga in Khyber.

In December 2024, Shakir, along with Mufti Kifayatullah Swati, led a delegation of the Pashtun Jirga to Kurram District to mediate a Shia–Sunni conflict between two groups of Pashtun tribes.

Shakir was assassinated by a bomb planted outside a Peshawar mosque on 15 March 2025.

Mangal Bagh
Mangal Bagh (1973 – 28 January 2021), also known as Mangal Bagh Afridi, was the leader of Lashkar-e-Islam, a militant group operating in Pakistan and Afghanistan. He was killed in a roadside bomb attack in Nangarhar, Afghanistan on 28 January 2021.
Polish joke
A Polish joke is an English-language ethnic joke deriding Polish people, based on derogatory stereotypes. The Polish joke belongs in the category of conditional jokes, whose full understanding requires the audience to have prior knowledge of what a Polish joke is. As with all discriminatory jokes, Polish jokes depend on the listener's preconceived notions and antipathies.

The relation between the internalized derogatory stereotypes about Polish people, and the persistence of ethnic jokes about them, is not easy to trace, though the jokes seem to be understood by many who hear them. Sometimes an offensive term for a Pole, such as Polack, is used in the joke.

Example:

Q: How many Polacks does it take to change a light bulb?

A: Three – one to hold the bulb, and two to turn the ladder.

Polack
In the contemporary English language, the noun Polack (/ˈpoʊlɑːk/ and /-læk/) is a derogatory term, primarily used in North America, referring to a person of Polish origin. It is an anglicisation of the Polish masculine noun Polak, which denotes a person of Polish ethnicity and typically male gender. However, the English loanword is considered an ethnic slur.
Bombay Mittayi
Bombay Mittayi (transl. Bombay Sweets) is a 2011 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Umar Karikkad starring Vinu Mohan, Neelambari, Amar Singh and Sreenivasan in the lead roles. This film marks the acting debut of leading politician Amar Singh. This film also marks the entry of Bollywood actress Dimple Kapadia into Malayalam cinema. Sri Lankan actress Neelambari Perumal enters Indian Cinema through this film.

Amar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)
Amar Singh (27 January 1956 – 1 August 2020) was an Indian politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh. He was the general secretary of the Samajwadi Party and a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament. On 6 January 2010, he resigned from all the posts of the Samajwadi Party and was later expelled from the party by its chief, Mulayam Singh Yadav, on 2 February 2010, for disagreement with Yadav on the Women's Reservation Bill.

In 2011, he was arrested and spent a brief period in jail for alleged involvement in the cash-for-votes scandal. In 2016, he was elected to Rajya Sabha with support from Samajwadi Party even after facing a stiff opposition from a section of the party including the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav (Mulayam's son). Amar Singh was also reinstated as one of the general secretaries of the party in October 2016. On 1 August 2020, Singh died of a kidney ailment in Singapore at the age of 64.
Allmannajuvet
Allmannajuvet is a ravine or canyon located along the river Storelva in Sauda Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The ravine is located in a rural, forested area along the Norwegian County Road 520 between the town of Sauda and the village of Hellandsbygda.

Hellandsbygda
Hellandsbygda is a village in Sauda Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located in a river valley about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of the town of Sauda.  The village is surrounded by forested mountains with the County Road 520 running through the village on its way from Sauda over the mountains to the Røldal area in neighboring Vestland county. The mountain Kyrkjenuten lies to the north of Hellandsbygda and the mountain Skaulen lies to the southeast of the village.
Großpösna
Großpösna (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁoːsˌpøːsna], lit. 'Big Pösna', in contrast to "Little Pösna") is a municipality in the Leipzig district, in Saxony, Germany. It consists of Großpösna proper and the Ortschaften (localities) Dreiskau-Muckern, Güldengossa, Seifertshain and Störmthal.

Störmthal
Störmthal is a village, part of Großpösna in the Leipzig district in Saxony, Germany. It is known for its church in Baroque style. The organ, an early work by Zacharias Hildebrandt, was played and inaugurated by Johann Sebastian Bach and is still mostly in the condition of Bach's time.
History of wound care
The history of wound care spans from prehistory to modern medicine. Wounds naturally heal by themselves, but hunter-gatherers would have noticed several factors and certain herbal remedies would speed up or assist the process, especially if it was grievous. In ancient history, this was followed by the realisation of the necessity of hygiene and the halting of bleeding, where wound dressing techniques and surgery developed. Eventually the germ theory of disease also assisted in improving wound care.

Wound bed preparation
Wound bed preparation (WBP) is a systematic approach to wound management by identifying and removing barriers to healing. The concept was originally developed in plastic surgery.  It includes wound assessment, debridement, moisture balance, bacterial balance, and wound cleaning.
Nokia X7-00
The Nokia X7-00 is a Symbian^3 smartphone from the Nokia Xseries. It is the first Xseries phone with Nokia's Symbian^3 platform and it shipped with the Anna update. It is also the successor to X6, which was the previous multimedia touchscreen phone, with similar features and specifications in the series. The X7-00 was announced on 12 April 2011, alongside the Nokia E6.

Nokia Xseries
The Nokia Xseries is a line of mobile phones from Nokia introduced in September 2009 as the successor of the XpressMusic series. It was targeted towards a young audience, and are more focused on music and entertainment with special dedicated keys, inbuilt storage and other facilities. The X2-02, released in January 2012, was the last handset of the series.

In May 2018, HMD Global launched the new Nokia X6 on the Chinese market but not officially classified it as new member of Xseries. In April 2021, the Xseries reintroduced as the highest tier smartphone series of the brand with the launch of Nokia X10 and Nokia X20.
Pulo do Lobo
Pulo do Lobo is a waterfall 17 km north of Mértola, in the Lower Alentejo region of Portugal. It is the highest waterfall in Southern Portugal. Its name means "wolf's leap" in Portuguese; it was said that only a brave man or a wild animal when chased could leap over the gorge that was created by the waterfall.
This waterfall is located at an altitude of between 33 and 35 metres in a very narrow gorge in the River Guadiana.

Pulo do Lobo is the most dramatic stretch of the Guadiana, where the "river boils between harsh walls, the rushing of water, hit, flow and wind gnawing a millimeter per century per millennium, a nothing in eternity" as José Saramago, one of Portugal's most famous writers, wrote.

The Pulo do Lobo is formed by the Guadiana river which separates Spain and Portugal. The waterfall is a very majestic sight and is full of native wildlife.

Guadiana
The Guadiana River (/ˌɡwɑːdiˈɑːnə/ GWAH-dee-AH-nə, US also /ɡwɑːdˈjɑːnə/ gwahd-YAH-nə, Spanish: [ɡwaˈðjana], Portuguese: [ɡwɐdiˈɐnɐ]) is an international river defining a long stretch of the Portugal-Spain border, separating Extremadura and Andalusia (Spain) from Alentejo and Algarve (Portugal). The river's basin extends from la Mancha and the eastern portion of Extremadura to the southern provinces of the Algarve; the river and its tributaries flow from east to west, then south through Portugal to the border towns of Vila Real de Santo António (Portugal) and Ayamonte (Spain), where it flows into the Gulf of Cádiz. With a course that covers a distance of 829 kilometres (515 mi), it is the fourth-longest in the Iberian Peninsula, and its hydrological basin extends over an area around 68,000 square kilometres (26,000 mi2) (the majority of which lies within Spain). In Portuguese, the name Guadiana has replaced Odiana, now an archaic form.
Tildenville, Florida
Tildenville is a census-designated place (CDP) and an unincorporated area in Orange County, Florida, United States. The population was 511 at the 2010 census, most of them African American. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee Metropolitan Statistical Area. Generally speaking, Tildenville is a narrow area alongside Orange County Road 545, south of Florida State Road 50 and north of the Stoneybrook West planned unit development. Residents utilize Winter Garden, Florida for mail delivery. The CDP takes its name from Luther F. Tilden, a prominent pioneer and citrus magnate who greatly contributed to the community. Historically, Tildenville referred to an area larger than the modern CDP. Landmarks such as Tildenville Elementary School, Tildenville Marketplace, and Meadow Marsh are now located within the city limits of Winter Garden.

Greater Orlando
The Orlando metropolitan area (officially, for U.S. census purposes, the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida metropolitan statistical area, MSA) is an inland metropolitan area in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. Its principal cities are Orlando, Kissimmee, and Sanford. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines it as consisting of the counties of Lake, Orange (including Orlando), Osceola, and Seminole.

According to the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Greater Orlando is 2,673,376, an increase of nearly 540,000 new residents between 2010 and 2020.

By population, it is the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida, the seventh-largest in the Southeastern United States, and the 22nd-largest in the United States. The MSA encompasses 4,012 square miles (10,400 km2) of total area (both land and water areas).
Ilagan
Ilagan, officially the City of Ilagan (Ibanag: Siudad nat Ilagan; Ilocano: Siudad ti Ilagan; Filipino: Lungsod ng Ilagan), is a  component city and capital of the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 164,020 people, making it the most populous city in the province and the second most-populous in Cagayan Valley after Tuguegarao. As of 2025, it also had the highest number of voters in the province, with 105,526 voters.

It is dubbed as the corn capital of the Philippines, and the home of the country's largest armchair locally known as butaka.

Pan-Philippine Highway
The Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as the Maharlika Highway (Tagalog: Daang Maharlika; Cebuano: Dalang Halangdon), is a network of roads, expressways, bridges, and ferry services that connect the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines, serving as the country's principal transport backbone. Measuring 3,379.73 kilometers (2,100.07 mi) long excluding sea routes not counted by highway milestones, it is the longest road in the Philippines that forms the country's north–south backbone component of National Route 1 (N1) of the Philippine highway network. The entire highway is designated as Asian Highway 26 (AH26) of the Asian Highway Network.

The northern terminus of the highway is in front of the Ilocos Norte Provincial Capitol in Laoag and the southern terminus is near the Zamboanga City Hall in Zamboanga City.
Bega (Tisza)
The Bega or Begej (Romanian: Bega; Serbian: Бегеј / Begej; German: Bega; Hungarian: Béga, formerly Kistemes), is a 244 km (152 mile) long river in Romania (169 km; 105 mi.) and Serbia (75 km; 47 mi.). It rises in the Poiana Ruscă Mountains in Romania, part of the Carpathian Mountains, and it flows into the Tisa river near Titel, Vojvodina, Serbia. Its drainage basin covers an area of 4,458 km2 (1,721 sq mi),: 22  of which 2,362 km2 (912 sq mi) is in Romania.

Uivar
Uivar (Hungarian: Újvár; German: Neuburg an der Bega; Serbian: Ујвар, romanized: Ujvar) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Pustiniș, Răuți, Sânmartinu Maghiar and Uivar (commune seat). Two other villages, Otelec and Iohanisfeld, which had been part of Uivar commune since 1968, were split off in 2008 to form Otelec commune.
James Kellaway Colling
James Kellaway Colling  (1816–1905) or J. K. Colling  was an English architect, watercolour artist and noted book illustrator.  He was a pioneer of early Chromolithographic printing and his graphic work has been compared with that of William Morris and John Ruskin

Albany (Liverpool)
The Albany Building is a 19th-century Grade II* listed building on Old Hall Street in Liverpool, England. Originally built as a meeting place for cotton brokers, it has since been converted into apartments.
Stucco
Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings, exterior walls, and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture. Stucco can be applied on construction materials such as metal, expanded metal lath, concrete, cinder block, or clay brick and adobe for decorative and structural purposes.

In English, "stucco" sometimes refers to a coating for the outside of a building and "plaster" to a coating for interiors. As described below, however, the materials themselves often have little or no difference. Other European languages, notably Italian, do not have the same distinction: In Italian, stucco means plaster, and serves for both.

Lath
A lath or slat is a thin, narrow strip of straight-grained wood used under roof shingles or tiles, on lath and plaster walls and ceilings to hold plaster, and in lattice and trellis work.

Lath has expanded to mean any type of backing material for plaster. This includes metal wire mesh or expanded metal that is applied to a wood or metal framework as matrix over which stucco or plaster is applied, as well as drywall products called gypsum or rock lath. Historically, reed mat was also used as a lath material.

One of the key elements of lath, whether wooden slats or wire mesh, are the openings or gaps that allow plaster or stucco to ooze behind and form a mechanical bond to the lath. This is not necessary for gypsum lath, which relies on a chemical bond.
Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
The Red Turban invasions of Goryeo occurred in the 14th century, when the Red Turban Rebellion against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty spread to the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. The Red Turban rebels, originating in the Zhejiang area, were opposed to the Yuan dynasty. After gaining control of Liaodong, the Red Turbans invaded Goryeo in 1359 and 1360.

Taejo of Joseon
Taejo (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408), personal name Yi Sŏnggye, later changed to Yi Tan, was the founder and first monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After overthrowing the Goryeo dynasty, he ascended to the throne in 1392 and abdicated six years later during a strife between his sons. He was honored as Emperor Ko following the establishment of the Korean Empire.

Taejo emphasized continuity over change. No new institutions were created, and no massive purges occurred during his reign. His new dynasty was largely dominated by the same ruling families and officials that had served the previous regime. He re-established amicable ties with Japan and improved relations with Ming China.
Ariyakudi
Ariyakudi is situated in the southern part of Karaikudi Municipal Corporation in the Sivaganga District. It is situated approximately 5 kilometers southeast from the centre of Karaikudi city, it has a population of 5,368 as of 2011. It has total of 9 wards. The village is accessible via local town buses that connect Karaikudi and Devakottai with the surrounding villages.

Karaikudi
Karaikudi is a city and municipal corporation in Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the largest city in the district, and the centre of the Karaikudi Metropolitan Area, that forms part of the Chettinad region.

Karaikudi is administered by the Karaikudi Municipal Corporation, which was established in 2024. It forms part of the Karaikudi Assembly constituency, which elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, and is a part of the Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency, which elects its member to the Lok Sabha. It is one of the cities selected for development under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation project of the Government of India in 2015.
Docklands Light Railway extension to Thamesmead
The Docklands Light Railway extension to Thamesmead is a proposed Docklands Light Railway (DLR) extension to serve the Beckton Riverside and Thamesmead redevelopment areas of East London.

The extension was first formally proposed by Transport for London (TfL) in 2019, with proposed stations at Beckton Riverside and Thamesmead. Public consultation on the project began in 2023. In November 2025, the HM Treasury gave approval in the November budget for TfL and the Greater London Authority (GLA) to be loaned money to build the extension. Estimated to cost around £700m and £1.3bn, construction could start in 2027 and the extension could open in the "early 2030s".

Thames Gateway Bridge
The Thames Gateway Bridge was a proposed crossing over the River Thames in east London, England. It was first mooted in the 1970s but never came to fruition. The concept was re-proposed in 2004, with preliminary planning proceeding until November 2008, when Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London, cancelled the entire £500 million scheme.

In 2009, a new scaled-down project on the same site, the Gallions Reach Crossing, was proposed, joined in 2015 by the Belvedere Crossing, until both proposals were cancelled in 2016. Despite several proposals being put forward, there would be no new road crossing between Tower Bridge and the Dartford Crossing until the Silvertown Tunnel was completed in 2025. The safeguarding for the bridge was lifted by Government in 2025.