hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MetLife Inc. v. Financial Stability Oversight Council
MetLife Inc. v. Financial Stability Oversight Council, 177 F. Supp. 3d 219 (D.D.C. 2016), is a case that challenged the systemically important financial institution, or SIFI rules in Dodd-Frank. U.S. District Judge Rosemary Collyer ruled that MetLife could shed its SIFI designation, after concluding Financial Stability Oversight Council, or FSOC's designation was "arbitrary and capricious". FSOC subsequently launched an appeal but decided to settle the case in January 2018 during the Trump administration, ensuring that MetLife would not face stricter rules. This had the effect of releasing nearly all non-bank SIFI organizations that were under Dodd-Frank at the time, prior to the deregulation of Prudential Financial.

Financial Stability Oversight Council
The Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) is a United States federal government organization, established by Title I of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010. The Office of Financial Research is intended to provide support to the council.

The Dodd-Frank Act provides the Council with broad authorities to identify and monitor excessive risks to the U.S. financial system arising from the distress or failure of large, interconnected bank holding companies or non-bank financial companies, or from risks that could arise outside the financial system; to eliminate expectations that any American financial firm is "too big to fail"; and to respond to emerging threats to U.S. financial stability.
Hunt Museum
The Hunt Museum (Irish: Iarsmalann Hunt) is a museum located in  the Custom House in the city of Limerick, Ireland. It holds a personal collection donated by the Hunt family, it was originally situated in the University of Limerick, before being moved to its present location in Limerick's Georgian custom house in 1997.

Among the museum's collection are works by notable artists and designers such as Pablo Picasso, Jack B. Yeats, and Sybil Connolly as well as distinctive historical items such as the O'Dea Mitre and Crozier.

The Custom House, Limerick
The Custom House is a Georgian-Palladian former custom house building in Limerick, Ireland. The building was constructed in local Irish limestone between 1765 and 1769 to a design by architect Davis Ducart and is situated on Rutland Street on the banks of the River Shannon at its confluence with the Abbey River.

As of 2023, the building houses the Hunt Museum.
Funicular
A funicular (/fjuːˈnɪkjʊlər, f(j)ʊ-, f(j)ə-/ few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus, the diminutive of funis, meaning 'rope'.

Wheelset (rail transport)
A wheelset is a pair of railroad vehicle wheels mounted rigidly on an axle. Wheelsets are often mounted in a bogie ("truck" in North America) – a pivoted frame assembly holding at least two wheelsets – at each end of the vehicle. Most modern freight cars and passenger cars have bogies each with two wheelsets, but three wheelsets (or more) are used in bogies of freight cars that carry heavy loads, and three-wheelset bogies are under some passenger cars. Four-wheeled goods wagons that were once near-universal in Europe and Great Britain and their colonies have only two wheelsets; in recent decades such vehicles have become less common as trainloads have become heavier.
Çanakkale Province
Çanakkale Province (Turkish: Çanakkale ili) is a province of Turkey, located in the northwestern part of the country. It takes its name from the city of Çanakkale. Its area is 9,817 km2, and its population is 559,383 (2022).

Like Istanbul, Çanakkale province has a European (Thrace) and an Asian (Anatolia) part. The European part is formed by the Gallipoli (Gelibolu) peninsula, while the Asian part is largely coterminous with the historic region of Troad in Anatolia. They are separated by the Dardanelles strait, connecting the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea.

The archaeological site of Troy is found in the Çanakkale province, near the village Tevfikiye.

Çanakkale District is the most populous district of the province. The European and Asian parts of the province were connected to each other with the completion of the Çanakkale 1915 Bridge in March 2022.

Provinces of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces (Turkish: il). Each province is divided into a number of districts (ilçe). Each provincial government is seated in the central district (merkez ilçe). For non-metropolitan municipality designated provinces, the central district bears the name of the province (e.g. the city/district of Rize is the central district of Rize Province). In the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the vilayet.

Each province is administered by an appointed governor (vali) from the Ministry of the Interior.
Randesund
Randesund is a village and district within the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The district is located within the borough of Oddernes along the southern coastline between the two fjords Kvåsefjorden and Topdalsfjorden and south of the districts of Søm and Hånes. There are several small islands just off the coast of Randesund, including Dvergsøya, Randøya, and Herøya, all popular tourist destinations. The village of Randesund is located in the central part of the district and it is the site of Randesund Church. There was a separate municipality of Randesund (larger than the present-day district) that existed from 1893 until 1965.

Kvåsefjorden
Kvåsefjorden is an approximately 8-kilometre (5.0 mi) long fjord in Agder county, Norway. It forms part of the border between the municipalities of Lillesand and Kristiansand. The district of Randesund lies on the west side of the fjord in Kristiansand.

The fjord empties into the Skagerrak at Meholmen near Ulvøysund, which is considered to be the western starting point of the Blindleia strait. Blindleia is the inner shipping route along the coast of Lillesand.  The smaller Isefjærfjorden is a branch off the main Kvåsefjorden.  Kvåsefjorden can sometimes be harsh and difficult to cross with small boats, because it is wide open to the Skagerrak and there is no archipelago to protect it unlike in the nearby Blindleia.
History of the Latin script
The Latin script is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world. It is the standard script of the English language and is often referred to simply as "the alphabet" in English. It is a true alphabet which originated in the 7th century BC in Italy and has changed continually over the last 2,500 years. It has roots in the Semitic alphabet and its offshoot alphabets, the Phoenician, Greek, and Etruscan. The phonetic values of some letters changed, some letters were lost and gained, and several writing styles ("hands") developed. Two such styles, the minuscule and majuscule hands, were combined into one script with alternate forms for the lower and upper case letters. Modern uppercase letters differ only slightly from their classical counterparts, and there are few regional variants.

G
G, or g, is the seventh letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is gee (pronounced /ˈdʒiː/ ⓘ), plural gees.

The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the single-storey (sometimes "opentail") g and the double-storey (sometimes "looptail") g. The former is commonly used in handwriting and typefaces based on it, especially in texts intended to be read by children; it is the style used by most sans-serif typefaces, such as Helvetica. The latter form is used by most serif typefaces, such as Times.
John Affleck (politician)
John Affleck (12 February 1710 – 17 February 1776) was a British Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1743 and 1761.

Affleck was the second and eldest surviving son of Gilbert Affleck of Dalham Hall, Suffolk and his wife Anna Dolben, daughter of John Dolben. His younger brother was Sir Edmund Affleck, 1st Baronet. He was educated at Westminster School (1722), Christ Church, Oxford (1727) and studied law at the Inner Temple (1728).

In 1743, Affleck was returned as member of parliament (MP) for Suffolk representing the constituency until 1761.  Between 1767 and 1768, he sat also as MP for Amersham.

In 1736 Affleck married Sarah Metcalfe, only daughter of James Metcalfe, and had by her 3 sons.
In 1764 he succeeded his father to Dalham Hall, near Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk.

James Metcalfe (Bedford MP)
James Metcalfe (died 1730) of Roxton, Bedfordshire was a British Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1728 to 1730.

Metcalfe's parentage has not been ascertained. He acquired his property at Roxton, Bedfordshire after 1715.

At the 1727 British general election Metcalfe stood on the Tory interest for Parliament at Bedford. He was defeated in the poll, but on petition, by a compromise, he was declared duly elected on 16 April 1728.  Though a Tory, he supported the Administration in Parliament, and voted with them on the civil list arrears in  April 1729, and on the Hessians in February 1730.

Matcalfe was taken seriously ill by 26 November 1730 and was buried on 4 December 1730 at Roxton. He left one surviving daughter Sarah, who married John Affleck of Dalham, MP.
Puerto Rico Highway 164
Puerto Rico Highway 164 (PR-164) is the main road from Naranjito to Corozal in Puerto Rico. It begins at the intersection of PR-167 and PR-148 in eastern Naranjito, passing through downtown. Then it goes to Corozal from its junction with PR-5 and PR-152 until reaching PR-159 near downtown Corozal. This road is 16.4 km (10.2 mi) in length.

Puerto Rico Highway 633
Puerto Rico Highway 633 (PR-633) is an east–west rural road located between the municipalities of Ciales and Morovis in Puerto Rico. With a length of 4.3 km (2.7 mi), it begins at its intersection with PR-149 in Hato Viejo barrio and ends at its junction with PR-155 in Barahona.
Horizon problem
The horizon problem, also known as the homogeneity problem, is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Observations of widely separated regions of space appear homogeneous, yet normal physical processes that create homogeneity require a causal connection and these regions are too far apart. Given the Einsteinian speed limit on communication, they have not had sufficient time to interact with each other since the Big Bang. This creates a difficulty in explaining the observed homogeneity without a mechanism that sets the same initial conditions everywhere. It was first pointed out by Wolfgang Rindler in 1956.

The most commonly accepted hypothesis to explain the horizon problem is cosmic inflation. Alternative solutions propose a cyclic universe or a variable speed of light.

Particle horizon
The particle horizon (also called the cosmological horizon, the comoving horizon (in Scott Dodelson's text), or the cosmic light horizon) is the maximum distance from which light from particles could have traveled to the observer in the age of the universe. Much like the concept of a terrestrial horizon, it represents the boundary between the observable and the unobservable regions of the universe, so its distance at the present epoch defines the size of the observable universe. Due to the expansion of the universe, it is not simply the age of the universe times the speed of light (approximately 13.8 billion light-years), but rather the speed of light times the conformal time. The existence, properties, and significance of a cosmological horizon depend on the particular cosmological model.
Nera (Indigirka)
The Nera (Russian: Нера, Yakut: Ньара, romanized: Ņara) is a river in the Sakha Republic, Russia, and is a right tributary of the Indigirka. The river is 331 kilometres (206 mi) long and has a drainage basin of 24,500 square kilometres (9,460 sq mi).

The Nera freezes up in October and remains icebound until May - early June. A stretch of the R504 Kolyma Highway runs along the river.

Indigirka
The Indigirka (Russian: Индиги́рка; Yakut: Индигиир, romanized: İndigiir) is a river in the Sakha Republic in Russia between the Yana to the west and the Kolyma to the east. It is 1,726 kilometres (1,072 mi) long. The area of its basin is 360,000 square kilometres (140,000 sq mi).
Tabulating machine
The tabulating machine was an electromechanical machine designed to assist in summarizing information stored on punched cards. Invented by Herman Hollerith, the machine was developed to help process data for the 1890 U.S. Census. Later models were widely used for business applications such as accounting and inventory control. It spawned a class of machines, known as unit record equipment, and the data processing industry.

The term "Super Computing" was used by the New York World newspaper in 1931 to refer to a large custom-built tabulator that IBM made for Columbia University.

Powers Accounting Machine
The Powers Accounting Machine was an information processing device developed in the early 20th century for the U.S. Census Bureau. It was then produced and marketed by the Powers Accounting Machine Company, an information technology company founded by the machine's developer. The company thrived in the early 20th century as a producer of tabulating machines. It was a predecessor to the Unisys corporation.
Magnus Caris
Magnus Caris (born 15 November 1968) is a Swedish former professional darts player who competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO), World Seniors Darts (WSD) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events.

Bobby George
Robert Francis George (born 16 December 1945) is an English television presenter and former professional darts player. He is widely recognised as one of the game's biggest personalities, known for his flamboyant entrances in which the "King of Darts" makes his way to the stage bedecked in jewellery, wearing a crown and cloak and holding a candelabra to the Queen song "We Are the Champions".

George won several leading major darts tournaments; he won the News of the World Darts Championship twice and appeared in two BDO Darts World Championship finals and was the first full-time exhibition player.

Since 1998, George has also worked for the BBC as a co-presenter and promoter of the game in their coverage of darts tournaments.
Jose Laurel Jr.
José Bayani "Pepito" Hidalgo Laurel Jr. (August 27, 1912 – March 11, 1998), also known as Jose B. Laurel Jr., was a Filipino politician and lawyer who was elected twice as speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. A stalwart of the Nacionalista Party, he was the party's candidate for the country's vice president in the 1957 elections.

Tanauan, Batangas
Tanauan, officially the City of Tanauan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Tanauan), is a  component city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 209,697 people.

It is known as the birthplace of José P. Laurel, the 3rd President of the Philippines.

The town was incorporated as a city under Republic Act No. 9005, signed on February 2, 2001, and entered into force on March 10, 2001.
Scioto County, Ohio
Scioto County is a county along the Ohio River in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Ohio. At the 2020 census, the population was 74,008. Its county seat is Portsmouth. The county was founded on March 24, 1804, from Adams County and is named for a Native American word referring to deer or deer-hunting. Scioto County comprises the Portsmouth, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is at the confluence of the Scioto and Ohio rivers.

New Boston, Ohio
New Boston is a village in Scioto County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 2,298 at the 2020 census. Apart from its southern boundary on the Ohio River, New Boston is entirely surrounded by the city of Portsmouth.

New Boston is served by the Portsmouth Public Library and the New Boston Local School District.
Electoral district of Midland
Midland is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.

The district is located in the eastern suburbs of Perth.

Midland has been held by the Labor since its creation, however it was retained by Labor at the 2013 election by 23 votes, which made it the most marginal seat in the Western Australian parliament during the 2013–2017 term.

Electoral districts of Western Australia
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly is elected from 59 single-member electoral districts. These districts are often referred to as electorates or seats.

The Electoral Distribution Act 1947 requires regular review of electoral boundaries, in order to keep the relative size of electorates within certain limits.  Electoral boundaries are determined by the Western Australian Electoral Commission. Electoral districts are subdivisions of electoral regions for the Legislative Council and have approximately an equal number of electors. The last electoral redistribution was completed in December 2023 and was first applied in the 2025 Western Australia election.
Kim Huybrechts
Kim Huybrechts (born 16 November 1985) is a Belgian professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. He reached his first PDC major final at the 2012 Players Championship Finals, losing to Phil Taylor 13–6. He also made the final of the 2013 PDC World Cup of Darts, representing Belgium alongside his brother Ronny. Huybrechts has won 5 PDC Pro Tour titles during his professional career.

Adrian Lewis
Adrian Lewis (born 21 January 1985) is an English professional darts player who formerly competed in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Nicknamed "Jackpot", he is a two-time PDC World Champion, having won the title in 2011 and 2012, and has won two other major televised PDC titles, the European Championship in 2013 and the UK Open in 2014. He is a four-time winner of the PDC World Cup of Darts, having partnered with Phil Taylor as part of the England team.

Lewis has won a total of 26 PDC titles in his career. After withdrawing from multiple PDC events, he announced in April 2023 that he was taking a break from competitive darts, due in part to health issues affecting his wife and daughter.

Widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the sport, Lewis has been described as one of the most naturally talented darts players of all time.
Ralston Farina
Ralston Farina (1945–1985, born Steven Robert Snyder), was an artist associated with the downtown performance art scene of Manhattan from the 1960s to the 1980s, and who created performances centered around the experience and philosophy of time, including audience-responsive techniques.

He formulated a concept for his performance and aesthetic philosophy called "Time // Time," influenced by peers like Laurie Anderson and Scott Burton, and encouraged by John Cage. Cage, who Farina maintained a correspondence with, was known for making compositions such as 4′33″ that dealt with time as a medium, and for popularizing the idea of chance-operations among fine artists. Other influences on Farina's conception of time included philosophers Henri Bergson, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Edmund Husserl.

He sometimes referred to his work as  "Zeitkunst", "Time Art" or "Time Time". For most of his career, Farina forbade documentation of his work, afraid that his methods would be stolen.

Biennale de Paris
The Biennale de Paris (English: Paris Biennale) was a noted French art festival, established in 1959. In 1983, the organization ceased functions, until its reestablishment in 2000 with the first exhibition of the new era occurring in 2004. The organization ran the festival until 2021, when the organization announced it would "“turn the page of the Biennale, in order to set up a new event," focusing instead on luxury crafts.

The Biennale's mission is to promote art and artists which challenge current conventions in the art world.

The Biennale de Paris rejects exhibitions and art objects. It refuses to be "thought by art". It identifies and defends true alternatives. It calls for "non-standard practices".
Neue Künstlervereinigung München
The Neue Künstlervereinigung München (N.K.V.M.), ("New Artists' Association Munich") was an Expressionism art group based in Munich. The registered association was formed in 1909 and prefigured Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), the first modernist secession which is regarded as a forerunner and pathfinder for Modern art in 20th-century Germany.

Moissey Kogan
Moissey Kogan (12 March 1879 – 3 March 1943) was a Bessarabian Jewish medalist, sculptor and graphic artist who spent much of his time in Paris and travelled throughout Europe. He specialised in creating sculptures and graphic art based on the female form. The Moissey Kogan Catalogue Raisonné of Sculpture & Prints Project  is in the process of compiling a scholarly catalogue raisonné of Moissey Kogan’s sculpture and prints, and is preparing a comprehensive monograph on the artist’s life and career. The Moissey Kogan Archive of the European Cultural Foundation, in Bonn, collects and captures the entire work of the artist.
Kogan is sometimes confused with Russian painter Moisey Kogan (1924–2001), who specialized in colorful oil paintings of Russian village life, landscapes, churches etc.

Kogan was murdered in Auschwitz during the Holocaust.
Sirdaryo Region
Sirdaryo Region (Uzbek: Sirdaryo viloyati) is one of the regions of Uzbekistan, located in the center of the country on the left bank of Syr Darya River. It borders with Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Tashkent Region, and Jizzakh Region. It covers an area of 4,276 square kilometres (1,651 sq mi), and is mostly desert, with the Mirzachoʻl taking up a significant part of the region's area. The population is estimated to be 860,900 (2021).

The capital is the city of Guliston (pop. est. 91,300, 2021). Other cities and towns include Baxt, Boyovut, Farhod, Qahramon, Sayxun, Sirdaryo, Khavast, Shirin and Yangiyer.

Tashkent Region
Tashkent Region (Uzbek: Toshkent viloyati, Тошкент вилояти; Russian: Ташкентская область) is a viloyat (region) of Uzbekistan, located in the northeastern part of the country, between the Syr Darya River and the Tien Shan Mountains. It borders Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Sirdaryo Region and Namangan Region, as well as the city of Tashkent which is a region in its own right, forming an enclave entirely encircled by the territory of Tashkent Region. It covers an area of 15,250 km². The population is estimated 2,975,900 (2021). Its capital is the city of Nurafshon. Other cities are Angren, Olmaliq, Ohangaron, Bekabad, Chirchiq, Gʻazalkent, Keles, Parkent, Yangiabad, and Yangiyoʻl.