hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1917 Bay of Islands by-election
The 1917 Bay of Islands by-election was a by-election held on 19 March 1917 during the 19th New Zealand Parliament in the Northland electorate of Bay of Islands. The by-election came about because Vernon Reed's win in the 1914 general election had been declared void by an electoral court, and Reed barred from standing for a year. The seat was won by William Stewart, Reed's Reform Party colleague, in the resulting 1915 by-election. When Reed became eligible again, Stewart resigned and Reed won the 1917 by-election unopposed.

1915 Bay of Islands by-election
The 1915 Bay of Islands by-election was a by-election held on 8 June 1915 during the 19th New Zealand Parliament in the Northland electorate of Bay of Islands. The by-election came about because Vernon Reed's win in the 1914 general election was declared void by an electoral court. The seat was won by William Stewart of the Reform Party. Reed, who was also of the Reform Party, was barred by the court from standing for election for 12 months.
Equation-free modeling
Equation-free modeling is a method for multiscale computation and computer-aided analysis. It is designed for a class of complicated systems in which one observes evolution at a macroscopic, coarse scale of interest, while accurate models are only given at a finely detailed, microscopic, level of description. The framework empowers one to perform macroscopic computational tasks (over large space-time scales) using only appropriately initialized microscopic simulation on short time and small length scales. The methodology eliminates the derivation of explicit macroscopic evolution equations when these equations conceptually exist but are not available in closed form; hence the term equation-free.

Multiscale modeling
Multiscale modeling  or multiscale mathematics is the field of solving problems that have important features at multiple scales of time and/or space. Important problems include multiscale modeling of fluids, solids, polymers, proteins, nucleic acids as well as various physical and chemical phenomena (like adsorption, chemical reactions, diffusion).

An example of such problems involve the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flow.

In a wide variety of applications, the stress tensor  is given as a linear function of the gradient . Such a choice for  has been proven to be sufficient for describing the dynamics of a broad range of fluids. However, its use for more complex fluids such as polymers is dubious. In such a case, it may be necessary to use multiscale modeling to accurately model the system such that the stress tensor can be extracted without requiring the computational cost of a full microscale simulation.
Eocardiidae
The Eocardiidae are an extinct family of caviomorph rodents from South America. The family is probably ancestral to the living family Caviidae, which includes cavies, maras, and capybaras and their relatives. McKenna and Bell (1997) divided eocardiids into two subfamilies, Luantinae for two of the oldest genera (Asteromys and Luantus) and Eocardiinae for remaining genera. Kramarz (2006) has recommended the abandonment of these subfamilies, as the genera placed in Luantinae appear to represent basal eocardiids, rather than a specialized side branch. The latter hypothesis had been proposed by Wood and Patterson (1959).

Fossils of the family were found in the Colhuehuapian to Friasian Pinturas, Sarmiento, Santa Cruz, Río Jeinemeiní and Collón Curá Formations of Argentina and the Cura-Mallín Group of Chile.

Caviomorpha
Caviomorpha is the rodent parvorder that unites all New World hystricognaths. It is supported by both fossil and molecular evidence. The Caviomorpha was for a time considered to be a separate order outside the Rodentia, but is now accepted as a genuine part of the rodents. Caviomorphs include the extinct Heptaxodontidae (giant hutias), the extinct Josephoartigasia monesi (the largest rodent ever known) and extant families of chinchilla rats, hutias, guinea pigs and the capybara, chinchillas and viscachas, tuco-tucos, agoutis, pacas, pacaranas, spiny rats, New World porcupines, coypu and octodonts (Vassallo and Antenucci, 2015).
Antoine Watteau
Jean-Antoine Watteau (UK: /ˈwɒtoʊ/, US: /wɒˈtoʊ/, French: [ʒɑ̃ ɑ̃twan vato]; baptised 10 October 1684 – died 18 July 1721) was a French painter and draughtsman whose brief career spurred the revival of interest in colour and movement, as seen in the tradition of Correggio and Rubens. He revitalized the waning Baroque style, shifting it to the less severe, more naturalistic, less formally classical, Rococo. Watteau is credited with inventing the genre of fêtes galantes, scenes of bucolic and idyllic charm, suffused with a theatrical air. Some of his best known subjects were drawn from the world of Italian comedy and ballet.

L'Enseigne de Gersaint
L'Enseigne de Gersaint (transl. "The Shop Sign of Gersaint") is an oil on canvas painting in the Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin, by French painter Jean-Antoine Watteau. Completed during 1720–21, it is considered to be the last prominent work of Watteau, who died some time after. It was painted as a shop sign for the marchand-mercier, or art dealer, Edme François Gersaint. According to Daniel Roche the sign functioned more as an advertisement for the artist than the dealer.

The painting exaggerates the size of Gersaint's cramped boutique, hardly more than a permanent booth with a little backshop, on the medieval Pont Notre-Dame, in the heart of Paris, both creating and following fashion as he purveyed works of art and luxurious trifles to an aristocratic clientele.
Polarimetry
Polarimetry is the measurement and interpretation of the polarization of transverse waves, most notably electromagnetic waves, such as radio or light waves. Typically polarimetry is done on electromagnetic waves that have traveled through or have been reflected, refracted or diffracted by some material in order to characterize that object.

Nicol prism
A Nicol prism is a type of polarizer. It is an optical device made from calcite crystal used to convert ordinary light into plane polarized light. It is made in such a way that it eliminates one of the rays by total internal reflection, i.e. the ordinary ray is eliminated and only the extraordinary ray is transmitted through the prism.

It was the first type of polarizing prism, invented in 1828 by William Nicol (1770–1851) of Edinburgh.
South Zone cricket team
The South Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents southern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from southern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. South Zone has the third strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 12 times and also shared the winner's trophy twice, with the best team, West Zone having won 18 times plus shared the trophy two times more.

Duleep Trophy
The Duleep Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket competition in India. Named after former cricketer Duleepsinhji, the competition has usually been contested by teams representing various geographical zones of India since the first tournament in 1961–62. There have been a few exceptions to the zonal format, such as the 2002–03 tournament, where five teams were formed based on Ranji Trophy groups, and the four editions held between 2016–17 and 2019–20, when the BCCI selected three teams called India Blue, Red and Green. The latest 2024-25 edition featured four teams named Team A, B, C and D.
Time-Flight
Time-Flight is the seventh and final serial of the 19th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts on BBC1 from 22 to 30 March 1982.

The serial is set at the site of Heathrow Airport in the 1980s and 140 million years ago. In the serial, the alien time traveller the Master (Anthony Ainley) attempts to use the power of the psychic gestalt being the Xeraphin to power his damaged time machine.

Arc of Infinity
Arc of Infinity is the first serial of the 20th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts on BBC1 from 3 to 12 January 1983.

The serial is set in Amsterdam and on the planet Gallifrey. In the serial, the Time Lord traitor Hedin (Michael Gough) seeks to bring the founder of the Time Lords Omega (Ian Collier) out of the universe of antimatter by making him bond with the body of the Fifth Doctor (Peter Davison) in the universe of matter.
SC Jülich
SC Jülich is a German association football club from the city of Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club distinguished itself by winning three consecutive German amateur football championships from 1969 to 1971 while part of the third division Amateurliga Mittelrhein.

Jülich
Jülich (German pronunciation: [ˈjyːlɪç] ⓘ; in old spellings also known as Guelich or Gülich, Dutch: Gulik, French: Juliers, Ripuarian: Jöllesch) is a town in the district of Düren, in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany. As a border region between the competing powers in the Lower Rhine and Meuse areas, the town and the Duchy of Jülich played a historic role from the Middle Ages up to the 17th century.

The town is well known in the state for being home to Forschungszentrum Jülich, one of the largest national research institutions in Europe.
JAC Liner
JAC Liner is one of the largest bus companies in the Philippines serving the riding public en route to Southern Luzon provinces which includes key destinations in the provinces of Laguna, Batangas, Quezon and Marinduque.

Lucena
Lucena (Tagalog pronunciation: [lʊˈsɛna]), officially known as the City of Lucena (Filipino: Lungsod ng Lucena), is a highly urbanized city situated in the Calabarzon region (Region IV-A) of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 280,331 people.

The city is the largest urban center and capital of Quezon Province. The city also serves as a major hub for commerce, healthcare, education, and governance within the region.

Lucena City, although geographically situated within Quezon Province, is politically and administratively independent. This distinction enables it to govern itself without provincial oversight, giving it a unique status within the region.
NYC Basketball Hall of Fame
The New York City Basketball Hall of Fame celebrates over 120 years of basketball history in the city and recognizes and honors the best basketball players, coaches, referees, promoters and contributors in the history of the sport in New York.

Candidates for the hall are nominated for the honor by the public and chosen annually by a select committee consisting of Hall of Famers, media personalities, former players and coaches.

The governing body of the hall was most recently appointed by their peers in July 2025 for a two-year term.

Clair Bee
Clair Francis Bee (March 2, 1896 – May 20, 1983) was an American basketball coach who led the team at Long Island University in Brooklyn, New York to undefeated seasons in 1936 and 1939, as well as two National Invitation Tournament titles in 1939 and 1941.
Jeffery Hart Bent
Jeffery Hart Bent, occasionally known as Geoffrey Hart Bent (1781 – 29 June 1852) was the first judge in the colony of New South Wales and the first Australian judge to be removed from office.

Bent was born to MP Robert Bent. He attended Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1804, and M.A. in 1807.  He was called to the bar of the Middle Temple in 1806. His older brother was Ellis Bent.

Bent was appointed Chief Justice of Grenada from 1820–1833 (where he was twice suspended), of St Lucia, 1833–1836, and of British Guiana from 1836 where he died (in Georgetown), on 29 June 1852.

Chief Justice of Guyana
The chief justice of Guyana is the senior judge of the High Court of the Supreme Court of Guyana and is appointed by the president of Guyana. The High Court consists of the chief Justice as President of the Court supported by several Puisne judges.

There is a right of appeal from the Supreme Court to the Guyana Court of Appeal, which was established in 1966 and consists of the Chancellor as President of the Court assisted by the chief justice and several justices of appeal. Since 1966 the chancellor has thus been the head of the Judiciary in Guyana.
Żagań County
Żagań County (Polish: powiat żagański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Żagań, which lies 39 km (24 mi) south of Zielona Góra and 124 km (77 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The county contains four other towns: Szprotawa, lying 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Żagań, Iłowa, lying 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Żagań, Małomice, lying 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Żagań, and Gozdnica, 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Żagań.

The county covers an area of 1,131.29 square kilometres (436.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 79,297. The most populated towns are Żagań with 25,731 inhabitants and Szprotawa with 11,820 inhabitants.

Szprotawa
Szprotawa [ʂprɔˈtava] (German Sprottau) is a town in western Poland, in Żagań County, Lubusz Voivodeship, previously in Lower Silesia.

Part of Prussia from 1742 until 1945, by the end of the Second World War the town was 90 per cent destroyed. It was awarded to Poland by the Potsdam Agreement between the victorious Allies and the German-speaking population which had not already fled from the Red Army was expelled. It was rebuilt and settled by Poles.

The town had 11,820 inhabitants in 2019.
Kang-i Sun Chang
Kang-i Sun Chang (born Sun K'ang-i, Chinese: 孫康宜; 21 February 1944) is a Taiwanese-American sinologist who is a scholar of classical Chinese literature. She is the inaugural Malcolm G. Chace Professor at Yale University, where she was previously the chair of the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures.

Stephen Owen (sinologist)
Stephen Owen (born October 30, 1946) is an American sinologist specializing in Chinese literature, particularly Tang dynasty poetry and comparative poetics. He taught Chinese literature and comparative literature at Harvard University and is James Bryant Conant University Professor, Emeritus; becoming emeritus before he was one of only 25 Harvard University Professors. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
Benham, Kentucky
Benham is a home rule-class city in Harlan County, Kentucky, in the United States. The city was formally incorporated by the General Assembly in 1961. The population was 512 at the 2020 census, up from 500 at the 2010 census.

Kentucky Coal Museum
The Kentucky Coal Museum is a heritage center located in Benham, Kentucky. Its focus is the history of the coal industry in Eastern Kentucky, featuring specific exhibits on the company towns of Benham and neighboring Lynch. It is housed in a former company store that was built by International Harvester in 1923. In June 1990, the Tri-City Chamber of Commerce purchased the building for the future site of the museum. After receiving additional grants from the state of Kentucky, the museum opened in May 1994.
King's College School, Cambridge
King's College School is a coed preparatory school for pupils aged 4 to 13 in Cambridge, England, situated on West Road off Grange Road, west of the city centre. It was founded specially to educate the choristers in the King's College Choir during the 15th century. Although no longer located on College grounds, it remains an integral part of the Chapel's musical tradition and is still governed by and receives some funding from the College. The school is part of the same historic foundation as Eton College. The most recent fully integrated Independent Schools Inspectorate (ISI) inspection awarded the grade of "excellent" in all rating categories.

West Road, Cambridge
West Road is located in western Cambridge, England. It links Grange Road to the west with Queen's Road to the east. The road is north of Sidgwick Avenue and the Sidgwick Site, a major site of the University of Cambridge, currently under redevelopment. Facilities on West Road include the Cambridge University Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Music, the Faculty of English and the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, and the West Road Concert Hall.

To the north of West Road are King's College School, associated with King's College, and the Cambridge University Library. There are also tennis courts here.

There are a number of University of Cambridge colleges and buildings located off West Road:

Harvey Court, Gonville and Caius College

Garden Hostel, King's College

St Chad's Court, St Catharine's College

Ann's Court, Selwyn College
14:9 aspect ratio
14:9 (1.5:1) is a compromise aspect ratio between 4:3 and 16:9. It is used to create an acceptable picture on both 4:3 and 16:9 TV, conceived following audience tests conducted by the BBC. It has been used by most UK, Irish, French, Spanish, Colombian and Australian terrestrial analogue networks, and in the US on Warner Bros. Discovery' HD simulcast channels with programming and advertising originally compiled in 4:3. Note that 14:9 is not a shooting format; 14:9 material is almost always derived from either a 16:9 or 4:3 shot.

Aspect ratio (image)
The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height. It is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, in the format width:height. Common aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1 in cinematography, 4:3 (originally) and 16:9 in television, and 3:2 in still photography. The 1:1 aspect ratio is used for square images, often seen on social media platforms like Instagram, and 21:9 is an "ultrawide" aspect ratio popular for gaming and desktop monitors.
Fai della Paganella
Fai della Paganella (Fai in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Trento. In its territory is located the Paganella mountain and ski resort.

Fai della Paganella borders the following municipalities: Spormaggiore, Mezzolombardo, Cavedago, Zambana, Andalo and Terlago.

Spormaggiore
Spormaggiore (Sporgrànt or Spór in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Trento. As of October 2011, it had a population of 1,259 and an area of 30.2 square kilometres (11.7 mi2).

Spormaggiore borders the following municipalities: Tuenno, Ton, Campodenno, Sporminore, Mezzolombardo, Fai della Paganella, Cavedago and Molveno.
Krotz Springs, Louisiana
Krotz Springs is a town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States, on the Atchafalaya River. As of the 2020 census, Krotz Springs had a population of 904. It is part of the Opelousas–Eunice Micropolitan Statistical Area.

U.S. Route 190
U.S. Route 190 (US 190) is an east–west United States Highway in Louisiana and Texas. Segments of US 190 will be upgraded to Interstate 14 (I-14); the first 24.8-mile (39.9 km) segment was opened on January 26, 2017.
Western Division, Royal Artillery
The Western Division, Royal Artillery, was an administrative grouping of garrison units of the Royal Artillery, Artillery Militia and Artillery Volunteers within the British Army's Western District from 1882 to 1902.

West Riding Artillery
The West Riding Artillery was formed as a group of volunteer units of the British Army in 1860. Its units later formed the divisional artillery of the West Riding Division of the Territorial Force in World War I and World War II. The West Riding Artillery's lineage is continued in a battery of today's Army Reserve
Takht Jamshid Cup
The Takht Jamshid Cup (Persian: جام تخت جمشید, Jâm-e Taxt-e Jamšid) was a national football league based in Iran which lasted from 1974 to 1979. The league was named after Takht-e Jamshid, the Iranian name for the ancient city known as Persepolis.

Shahin Tehran F.C.
Shahin Tehran Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال شاهین تهران, romanized: Shāhīn meaning Falcon), also spelled Shaahin or Shaheen, from 1973 to 1979 known as Shahbaz (Persian: شهباز, romanized: Shahbāz, meaning Shahbaz),
is an Iranian football club based in Tehran, Iran. Shahin A.C. is located in the eastern part of Tehran in the Narmak neighborhood (Golestan Street).  Shahin F.C. was dissolved in 1967 for political reasons. The club was revived after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Due to the Iran–Iraq War, the national league was not held during the 1980s.

They currently compete in the Tehran provincial league.
Molyneux's problem
Molyneux's problem is a thought experiment in philosophy concerning immediate recovery from blindness. It was first formulated by William Molyneux, and notably referred to in John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689). The problem can be stated in brief, "if a man born blind can feel the differences between shapes such as spheres and cubes, could he, if given the ability to see, distinguish those objects by sight alone, in reference to the tactile schemata he already possessed?"

Recovery from blindness
Recovery from blindness is the phenomenon of a blind person gaining the ability to see, usually as a result of medical treatment. As a thought experiment, the phenomenon is usually referred to as Molyneux's problem. It is often stated that the first published human case was reported in 1728 by the surgeon William Cheselden.  However, there is no evidence that Cheselden's patient, Daniel Dolins, actually recovered any vision. Patients who experience dramatic recovery from blindness experience significant to total visual agnosia – serious confusion with their visual perception.
Chris Antonopoulos (soccer)
Chris C. Antonopoulos (December 17, 1968 – January 27, 2025) was an American soccer goalkeeper and coach. He played collegiate soccer for Florida International University, spent one season with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers in the American Professional Soccer League, and later represented the United States Men's National Beach Soccer Team. He coached at the high-school and national levels and served as head coach of Florida Beach Soccer FC.

Archbishop Curley-Notre Dame High School
Archbishop Curley-Notre Dame High School was a private, Roman Catholic high school in the Buena Vista neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. It was located in and operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami.

On September 27, 2016, the Archdiocese of Miami announced that, due to continued dwindling enrollment, the school would close in August 2017. The school was merged with Monsignor Edward Pace High School, in Miami Gardens, at the start of the 2017–2018 academic year.
Imajō, Fukui
Imajō (今庄町, Imajō-chō) was a town located in Nanjō District, Fukui Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,846 and a density of 20.08 persons per km2. The total area was 241.30 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Imajō, along with the town of Nanjō, and the village of Kōno (all from Nanjō District), was merged to create the town of Minamiechizen. As of this merger, the town of Nanjō no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Minamiechizen, Fukui
Minamiechizen (南越前町, Minamiechizen-chō) is a town located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2018,  the town had an estimated population of 10,745 in 3,470 households and a population density of 31 persons per km². The total area of the town was  343.69 square kilometres (132.70 sq mi).