hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electrochromism
Electrochromism  is a phenomenon in which a material displays changes in  color or opacity  in response to an electrical stimulus. In this way, a smart window made of an electrochromic material can block specific wavelengths of ultraviolet, visible or (near) infrared light. The ability to control the transmittance of near-infrared light can increase the energy efficiency of a building, reducing the amount of energy needed to cool during summer and heat during winter.

As the color change is persistent and energy needs only to be applied to effect a change, electrochromic materials are used to control the amount of light and heat allowed to pass through a surface, most commonly "smart windows". One popular application is in the automobile industry where it is used to automatically tint rear-view mirrors in various lighting conditions.

Tungsten trioxide
Tungsten(VI) oxide, also known as tungsten trioxide is a chemical compound of oxygen and the transition metal tungsten, with formula WO3.  The compound is also called tungstic anhydride, reflecting its relation to tungstic acid H2WO4.  It is a light yellow crystalline solid.

Tungsten(VI) oxide occurs naturally in the form of hydrates, which include minerals: tungstite WO3·H2O, meymacite WO3·2H2O, and hydrotungstite (of the same composition as meymacite, however sometimes written as H2WO4). These minerals are rare to very rare secondary tungsten minerals.
Elgin West
Elgin West was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867 which divided the county of Elgin into two ridings: Elgin East and Elgin West based on a traditional division.

The West Riding of Elgin was redefined in 1882 to consist of the townships of Southwold, Dunwich, Alboro', Orford and Howard, and the village of Ridgetown. In 1903, it was redefined to exclude the townships of  Orford and Howard, and the village of Ridgetown, and include the townships of the city of St. Thomas, and the town of Dutton. In 1914, it was redefined to include the villages of Rodney and West Lorne.

In 1924, it was defined as consisting of the county of Elgin, excluding the townships of Malahide and Bayham, and including the city of St. Thomas.

The electoral district was abolished in 1933 when it was merged into Elgin ridings.

Elgin (federal electoral district)
Elgin (also known as Elgin—Norfolk) was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1997. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Elgin West and Norfolk—Elgin ridings.

It initially consisted of the county of Elgin, including the city of St. Thomas. In 1966, it was redefined to consist of the County of Elgin and the Village of Belmont in the County of Middlesex. In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the County of Elgin and the Township of Norfolk in the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk.

The name of electoral district was changed in 1990 to Elgin—Norfolk.

The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was redistributed between Elgin—Middlesex—London and Haldimand—Norfolk—Brant ridings.
Newman Grove, Nebraska
Newman Grove is a city in Madison and Platte counties in Nebraska, United States. The population was 667 at the 2020 census.

The Madison County portion of Newman Grove is part of the Norfolk Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Norfolk micropolitan area, Nebraska
The Norfolk micropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of three counties in Nebraska, anchored by the city of Norfolk.

At the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 49,538 (though a July 1, 2009, estimate placed the population at 48,000).
Loddon, Norfolk
Loddon is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England, about 12 miles (19 km) south-east of Norwich. The town lies on the River Chet, a tributary of the River Yare within The Broads. The name "Loddon" is thought to mean muddy river in Celtic in reference to the Chet.

Konectbus
Konectbus is a bus operator based in Dereham in Norfolk, England. It is a subsidiary of the Transport Made Simple group, having previously been owned by the Go-Ahead Group until the completion of Go East Anglia's purchase by Transport Made Simple on 1 October 2025.
Faust: Live at Klangbad Festival
Faust: Live at Klangbad Festival is the fourth film within the "play loud! (live) music series". It features the German avant-garde pop band Faust. Filmmakers Dietmar Post and Lucia Palacios captured the group in the style of Direct Cinema at the Klangbad Festival in 2005.

Faust (band)
Faust (German: [faʊ̯st], English: "fist") are a German rock band from Hamburg. Formed in 1971 by producer and former music journalist Uwe Nettelbeck (1940 - 2007), the group was originally composed of Werner "Zappi" Diermaier (b.1949), Hans Joachim Irmler (b.1950), Arnulf Meifert (b.1943), Jean-Hervé Péron (b.1949), Rudolf Sosna (1946 – 1996) and Gunther Wüsthoff, working with engineer Kurt Graupner. Their work was oriented around dissonance, improvisation, and experimental electronic approaches, and would influence subsequent ambient and industrial music. They are considered a central act of West Germany's 1970s krautrock movement.

They have been cited as an influence by Radiohead, Swell Maps, Throbbing Gristle, Cabaret Voltaire, Stereolab, Simple Minds, Sonic Youth, Mark E. Smith, Nurse with Wound and Madlib.
Psora
Psora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Psoraceae. Members of the genus are commonly called fishscale lichens. Lichens in the genus Psora generally have a squamulose thallus and anthraquinones in the hymenium. Photobiont partners of Psora lichens include members of the green algal genera Asterochloris, Chloroidium, Myrmecia, and Trebouxia.

Psoraceae
The Psoraceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. The Austrian lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner first described the family in 1898. Species of this family have a widespread distribution.
Le Duc des Lombards
Le Duc des Lombards is one of the main jazz clubs in Paris, France. It was founded in 1984 and is in the rue des Lombards, which hosts several other famous jazz clubs including Le Baiser Salé and the Sunset/Sunside. The Duc des Lombards club is located on the corner of rue des Lombards and boulevard de Sébastopol, and was renovated in 2007–08.

Sunset/Sunside
The Sunset/Sunside is one of the main jazz clubs in Paris, France. It was founded in 1983 and is the first jazz club to settle in the rue des Lombards which hosts several other famous jazz clubs such as Le Baiser Salé and Le Duc des Lombards.
Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg
Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg (Franziska Sibylle Auguste; 21 January 1675 – 10 July 1733) was Margravine of Baden-Baden. Born a Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg, she was the wife of Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, a famous Imperial general who was known as the Türkenlouis. She was the consort of the ruler of Baden-Baden (1690–1707) and regent (1707–1727) during the minority of her son Louis George. Her older sister Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg was the future Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of Gian Gastone de' Medici.

Louis, Duke of Orléans (born 1703)
Louis, Duke of Orléans (4 August 1703 – 4 February 1752) was a member of the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, and as such was a prince du sang. At his father's death, he became the First Prince of the Blood (Premier Prince du Sang) and Duke of Orléans. Known as Louis le Pieux and also as Louis le Génovéfain, Louis was a pious, charitable and cultured prince, who took very little part in the politics of the time.
Platygastroidea
The Hymenopteran superfamily of parasitoid wasps, Platygastroidea, has often been treated as a lineage within the superfamily Proctotrupoidea, but most classifications since 1977 have recognized it as an independent group within the Proctotrupomorpha. It is presently has some 4000 described species. They are exclusively parasitic in nature.

The family Scelionidae was briefly considered to be a subfamily of the Platygastridae, though subsequent analyses have reversed this decision. Chen et al (2021) recognizes eight families, including five new extant families (Geoscelionidae, Janzenellidae, Neuroscelionidae, Nixoniidae, and Sparasionidae) and one extinct family †Proterosceliopsidae, known from fossils found in Cretaceous amber. Members of the group are known from the Early Cretaceous to present. The ancestral hosts of the group are orthopterans, with various lineages switching hosts to other insects.

Janzenella
Janzenella is a genus of wasp, the only member of the family Janzenellidae within the superfamily Platygastroidea. It contains only a single living species, Janzenella innupta, which has only been collected in Costa Rica. Fossil members of the living species have also been described from Miocene aged Dominican amber. A Late Eocene fossil species, Janzenella theia is known from specimens entombed in Baltic amber.
2022–23 Coppa Italia
The 2022–23 Coppa Italia (branded as the Coppa Italia Frecciarossa for sponsorship reasons from the second round) was the 76th edition of the national domestic tournament. There were 44 participating teams.

Match times up to 30 October 2022 and from 26 March 2023 were CEST (UTC+2). Times on interim ("winter") days were CET (UTC+1).

Internazionale successfully defended their cup title after defeating Fiorentina 2–1 in the final. It was the club's ninth cup title.

2023 Coppa Italia final
The 2023 Coppa Italia final was the final match of the 2022–23 Coppa Italia, Italy's premier national football cup, the Coppa Italia. It was played on 24 May 2023 between Fiorentina and Internazionale.

Inter won the match 2–1 for their second consecutive and ninth overall Coppa Italia title.
Thingwall Hall
53°24′47″N 2°53′20″W﻿ / ﻿53.413°N 2.889°W﻿ / 53.413; -2.889

Thingwall Hall is a former stately home situated in the Knotty Ash district of Liverpool, England. The grade II listed building was built early in the 19th century and was originally set in 60 acres (240,000 m2) of grounds. It can upon occasion be mistaken for the nearby Thingwall House.

Thingwall House
53°24′58″N 2°53′31″W﻿ / ﻿53.416°N 2.892°W﻿ / 53.416; -2.892

Thingwall House was a Jacobethan
manor house built in 1869 by Henry Arthur Bright, the shipping magnate, and was originally known as Ashfield. It is set on a 4.8-acre (19,000 m2) site in the district of Knotty Ash, Liverpool, England. It should not be confused with Thingwall Hall, a local stately home just a few minutes walk further south.

In 1921 it was bequeathed by the Bright family to the city of Liverpool on condition that it was held in trust to be used as a home for 'girls of feeble mind'. It was owned by the Knotty Ash Special School Trust with Liverpool City Council serving as its trustees.
Athabasca, Alberta
Athabasca /ˌæθəˈbæskə/ (2021 population 2,759), originally named Athabasca Landing, is a town in northern Alberta, Canada. It is located 145 km (90 mi) north of Edmonton at the intersection of Highway 2 and Highway 55, on the banks of the Athabasca River. It is the centre of Athabasca County. It was known as Athabasca Landing prior to August 4, 1913.

Alberta Highway 55
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 55, commonly referred to as Highway 55, is a 263-kilometre (163 mi) long east–west highway in northeast Alberta, Canada.  It extends from the Saskatchewan border in the east through the Cold Lake, Lac La Biche, and Athabasca where it ends at Highway 2.  In Saskatchewan, it continues as Saskatchewan Highway 55.

The entire length of Highway 55 comprises the easternmost segment of Alberta's portion of the Northern Woods and Water Route (NWWR).  West of Athabasca, the Northern Woods and Water Route continues westward along Highway 2 and then Highway 49.
BSFA Award for Best Non-Fiction
The BSFA Awards are given every year by the British Science Fiction Association. The Best Non-Fiction award is open to any written work about science fiction or fantasy which appeared in its current form in the previous year. Whole collections of work that has been published elsewhere previously are ineligible as is work published by the BSFA. The award was renamed to Best Long Non-Fiction in 2023.

BSFA Award
The BSFA Awards are literary awards presented annually since 1970 by the British Science Fiction Association (BSFA) to honour works in the genre of science fiction. Nominees and winners are chosen based on a vote of BSFA members. More recently, members of the Eastercon convention have also been eligible to vote.
FK Teteks
42°1′4.814″N 20°58′44.538″E﻿ / ﻿42.01800389°N 20.97903833°E﻿ / 42.01800389; 20.97903833

FK Teteks (Macedonian: ФК Тетекс) is a football club from the city of Tetovo in North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the Macedonian Second League.

FK Vardar
FK Vardar (Macedonian: ФК Вардар) is a professional football club based in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, which competes in the Macedonian First League. They are the most successful football club in Macedonia, having won eleven Macedonian First League titles, six Macedonian Cups, two Macedonian Super Cups and one Yugoslav Cup. In 2017, they became the first Macedonian club to qualify for the group stage of a European competition.
Petrůvka (river)
Petrůvkaⓘ (Polish: Piotrówkaⓘ) is a 31 km long river originating in Poland but flowing mostly through Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It is the right tributary of the Olza River, to which it enters in Závada (part of Petrovice u Karviné).

It begins in vicinity of Cieszyn (Pastwiska) and then flows north through Hażlach, Kończyce Wielkie, Kończyce Małe, Zebrzydowice, where it veers west towards Marklowice Górne, Dolní Marklovice, Petrovice u Karviné and Závada.

Kończyce Małe
Kończyce Małeⓘ is a village in Gmina Zebrzydowice, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, on the Piotrówka River.
Attoutou
Attoutou is a town in southern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Jacqueville Department in Grands-Ponts Region, Lagunes District. The town is on the south coast of Ébrié Lagoon.

The town—but not the sub-prefecture—is sometimes referred to as Attoutou A.

Attoutou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

The Attoutou sub-prefecture also contains the town Taboth.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Attoutou was 24,020.

Taboth
Taboth is a village in southern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Attoutou, Jacqueville Department, Grands-Ponts Region, Lagunes District. The village is on the south shore of Ébrié Lagoon.

Taboth was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
Rani Durgavati Medical College, Banda
Official Website25°26′16″N 80°21′06″E﻿ / ﻿25.43789236°N 80.3516543°E﻿ / 25.43789236; 80.3516543
Rani Durgavati Medical College Banda formerly known as Government Allopathic Medical College, Banda is a state medical college located in Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India. The institute was permitted for 100 M.B.B.S. seats by Medical Council of India (MCI) in .

Banda, Uttar Pradesh
Banda is a city and a municipal board in Banda district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Banda is divided among north, east, west and south Banda. Banda lies south of the Yamuna river in the Bundelkhand region. It is the administrative headquarters of Banda District. The town is well connected to major cities with railways and state highways. The town is near the right bank of the river Ken, 189 km south-west of Allahabad.

Banda was a town and district of British India, in the Allahabad division of the United Provinces. The population in 1901 was 22,565. It was formerly, but is no longer, a military cantonment.
Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Middletown is a borough in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, on the Susquehanna River, 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Harrisburg. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 9,550. It is part of the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan area
The Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area, officially the Harrisburg–Carlisle, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and also referred to as the Susquehanna Valley, is defined by the Office of Management and Budget as an area consisting of three counties in South Central Pennsylvania, anchored by the cities of Harrisburg and Carlisle.

As of the 2020 census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 591,712, making it the fourth-most-populous metropolitan area in Pennsylvania, after the Delaware Valley, Greater Pittsburgh, and the Lehigh Valley.

Since 2012, it has been defined as part of the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area, which also includes York, Lebanon, and Adams counties.
Slawharad
Slawharad or Slavgorod (Belarusian: Слаўгарад, romanized: Slaŭharad; Russian: Славгород; Polish: Sławograd) is a town in Mogilev Region, eastern Belarus. It is located in the east of the region, on the banks of the Sozh River at the confluence with the Pronya River, and serves as the administrative center of Slawharad District. In 2009, its population was 7,992. As of 2025, it has a population of 7,647.

Slawharad district
Slawharad district or Slaŭharad district (Belarusian: Слаўгарадскі раён; Russian: Славгородский район, romanized: Slavgorodsky raion) is a district (raion) of Mogilev region in Belarus. The administrative center is the town of Slawharad. As of 2009, its population was 14,888. The population of Slawharad accounts for 53.7% of the district's population.
Four nation bandy tournament in 1954
The four-nation bandy tournament in 1954 was a tournament of friendlies played in Moscow, Soviet Union, in February 1954, contested by Finland, Norway, the Soviet Union and Sweden. Sweden won the tournament.

The Soviet Union invited the other three countries after having seen them playing at the Winter Olympics in Oslo in 1952. The tournament can be seen as a form of unofficial pre–World Championship competition. The four countries used somewhat different rules prior to this tournament, but the rules were adjusted for future consistency.

The next year, the four countries formally founded the international bandy governing body, which would arrange the Bandy World Championships from 1957 onwards.

Finland national bandy team
The Finnish national bandy team (Finnish: Suomen jääpallomaajoukkue, Swedish: Finlands herrlandslag i bandy) has taken part in all the Bandy World Championships for men since the competition was first launched in 1957. Finland won the championship title in 2004. They have always finished in the top four, and have won 28 medals in 36 championships.

The team is controlled by Finland's Bandy Association.
The Princess Blade
The Princess Blade (Japanese: 修羅雪姫, Hepburn: Shurayuki-hime; Lady Snowblood) is a 2001 Japanese action film directed by Shinsuke Sato. It is a reimagining of the manga Lady Snowblood by Kazuo Koike and Kazuo Kamimura.

Lady Snowblood (manga)
Lady Snowblood (Japanese: 修羅雪姫, Hepburn: Shurayuki-hime) is a Japanese manga series written by Kazuo Koike and illustrated by Kazuo Kamimura. It was serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Playboy magazine from February 1972 to March 1973. The series revolves around the title character, a female assassin who seeks vengeance against the bandits who murdered her stepfather and older half-brother and raped her mother.

Lady Snowblood was translated into English and published in four volumes by Dark Horse Comics between 2005 and 2006. The manga was adapted into a live-action film of the same name starring Meiko Kaji in 1973, which was followed by Lady Snowblood: Love Song of Vengeance in 1974. The manga and film adaptations have influenced a number of other works.
Ashland County, Wisconsin
Ashland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,027. Its county seat is Ashland. The county was formed on March 27, 1860, from La Pointe County. The county partly overlaps with the reservation of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians.

La Pointe, Wisconsin
La Pointe (Ojibwe: 
Mooningwanekaaning) is a town in Ashland County, Wisconsin, United States. The town includes all of the Apostle Islands except for the westernmost four, which lie in the towns of Bayfield and Russell in Bayfield County.

While the area encompassing the Town of La Pointe is made up of the entire Apostle Islands archipelago, the residents of the community live on the western shore of Madeline Island, the largest of the Apostle Islands because it is the only Apostle Island open to commercial development. The population was 428 at the 2020 census. Downtown La Pointe is adjacent to the Madeline Island Ferry dock. Neighborhoods include Middleport and Old Fort. La Pointe has a post office with ZIP code 54850. Its name in the Anishinaabe language is Mooningwanekaaning, meaning "The Home of the Golden Breasted Woodpecker".
Ural Cossacks
The Ural Cossack Host was a  cossack host formed from the Ural Cossacks – those Eurasian cossacks settled by the Ural River. Their alternative name, Yaik Cossacks, comes from the old name of the river.

They were also known by the names:

Russian: Ура́льские каза́ки (ура́льцы) (Uralskiye kazaki (uraltsy)); Ура́льское каза́чье во́йско (Uralskiye kazachye voisko), Яи́цкое каза́чье во́йско (Yaitskoye kazachye voisko)

Bashkir: Урал казактары (уралец) (Ural kazktaryo (uralets)); Урал казак ғәскәре (Ural kazak ğəskərye), Яйыҡ казак ғәскәре (Yiyok kazak ğəskərye)

Cossack host
A Cossack host, sometimes translated as Cossack army, was an administrative subdivision of Cossacks in the Russian Empire. Earlier the term voysko (host, in a sense as a doublet of guest) referred to Cossack organizations in their historical territories, most notable being the Zaporozhian Host of Zaporozhian Cossacks.
Pimlico Special top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Pimlico Special Handicap, one of America's grade one handicap races run over dirt at 1-1/16 miles at Pimlico Race Course  in Baltimore, Maryland.

Pimlico Special
The Pimlico Special is a Grade 3 American thoroughbred horse race for horses age three and older over a distance of 1+3⁄16 miles (9+1⁄2 furlongs) held at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland in mid May.  The race currently offers a purse of $250,000.
Saltzman Glacier
Saltzman Glacier (78°39′S 84°51′W﻿ / ﻿78.650°S 84.850°W﻿ / -78.650; -84.850) is a glacier that drains the north slopes of Mount Allen, the east slopes of Mount Strybing and Karnare Col, and the southeast slopes of Mount Craddock, and flows eastwards between Mount Osborne and Moyher Ridge into Thomas Glacier in southern Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.

Named by US-ACAN (2006) after Eric S. Saltzman, Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine; USAP investigator of Antarctic ice core records of oceanic emissions; chair, 2006, U.S. National Ice Core Working Group for use of Antarctic ice cores for research purposes.

Thomas Glacier
Thomas Glacier (78°40′S 84°0′W﻿ / ﻿78.667°S 84.000°W﻿ / -78.667; -84.000) is a roughly Z-shaped glacier which drains the southeast slopes of Vinson Massif and flows for 17 nautical miles (31 km) through the south part of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains, leaving the range between Doyran and Petvar Heights south of Johnson Spur.

The glacier was discovered by U.S. Navy Squadron VX-6 on photographic flights of 14–15 December 1959, and mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from the photos. It was named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for R. Admiral Charles W. Thomas, USCG, veteran of Antarctic expeditions in the 1950s.