hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Circular segment
In geometry, a circular segment or disk segment or meglios area(symbol: ⌓) is a region of a disk which is "cut off" from the rest of the disk by a straight line. The complete line is known as a secant, and the section inside the disk as a chord.

More formally, a circular segment is a plane region bounded by a circular arc (of less than π radians by convention) and the circular chord connecting its endpoints.

Disk (mathematics)
In geometry, a disk (also spelled disc) is the region in a plane bounded by a circle. A disk is said to be closed if it contains the circle that constitutes its boundary, and open if it does not.

For a radius , an open disk is usually denoted as , and a closed disk is . However in the field of topology the closed disk is usually denoted as , while the open disk is .
Red Rocks State Historic Site
The Red Rocks State Historic Site is a Kansas historic site at 927 Exchange Street in Emporia, Kansas.  It preserves the William Allen White House, also known as Red Rocks, which was the home of Progressive journalist William Allen White from 1899 until his death in 1944. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. The property, designated a state historic site in 2001, is operated by the Kansas Historical Society.

Kansas Historical Society
The Kansas Historical Society is the official state historical society of Kansas.

Headquartered in Topeka, it operates as "the trustee of the state" for the purpose of maintaining the state's history and operates the Kansas Museum of History, Kansas State Archives and Library, Kansas State Capitol Tour Center, and 16 state-owned sites. It also serves as the State Historic Preservation Office, and works closely with the Kansas State Department of Education to provide standards-based programs for history and social studies curriculum in the schools.
Kōryō, Nara
Kōryō (広陵町, Kōryō-chō) is a town located in Kitakatsuragi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2024, the town had an estimated population of 35,035 in 14106 households, and a population density of 2100 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 8.23 km2 (3.18 sq mi). Kōryō served as a temporary capital of Japan from 640 to 642 AD.

Kanmaki, Nara
Kanmaki (上牧町, Kanmaki-chō) is a town located in Kitakatsuragi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 September 2024, the town had an estimated population of 21,147 in 10075 households, and a population density of 3400 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 6.14 km2 (2.37 sq mi).
Philip Wyatt
Philip William Wyatt (5 March 1785 – 1835) was an English architect and member of the Wyatt family. He was the youngest son of the architect James Wyatt and his wife Rachel (Lunn) Wyatt, and a nephew of Samuel Wyatt, cousin to Sir Jeffry Wyatville (born Wyatt).

His two major commissions were Conishead Priory (1821–36), a large Gothic Revival mansion in Lancashire and Wynyard Park, County Durham a large Neo-Classical Mansion for the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry 1822–30.

His brother Benjamin Dean Wyatt was also an architect and collaborated on some commissions with him, such as the new club house in Hanover Square for the Oriental Club (1827–28),  also they were joint architects for Crockford's Club, 50 St James's Street, London (1827) and Londonderry House 
(1825–28) demolished 1964.

James Wyatt
James Wyatt PRA (3 August 1746 – 4 September 1813) was an English architect who was a rival of Robert Adam in the neoclassical and neo-Gothic styles. He was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts in 1785 and was its president from 1805 to 1806.
AWS Ocean Energy
AWS Ocean Energy Ltd (or just AWS) is a Scottish wave energy device developer, based in Dochfour near Inverness, Highland. The company has developed and tested several concepts, primarily the Archimedes Waveswing (AWS) after which the company is named.

Between 2015 and 2022, AWS received three rounds of funding through the Wave Energy Scotland Novel Wave Energy Convertor programme to develop a series of small-scale prototypes, the largest scale device was tested at EMEC in 2022, demonstrating a power output of 16 kW.

An American subsidiary, Waveswing America, came third in the 2016 Wave Energy Prize, run by the United States Department of Energy.

Wave Energy Scotland
Wave Energy Scotland (WES) is a technology development body set up in 2015 by the Scottish Government to facilitate the development of wave energy in Scotland. WES is a subsidiary of Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE), based in Inverness.

WES has managed numerous projects resulting from pre-commercial procurement funding calls in six main topic areas: power take-off, novel wave energy converters, structural materials and manufacturing processes, control systems, quick connection systems, and next generation wave energy. Each of these uses a stage-gate process, with fewer successful projects passing to later stages. WES has also commissioned eight landscaping studies in two phases.

In 2020, together with the Basque Energy Agency (Ente Vasco de la Energía or EVE), WES set up the EuropeWave programme to develop and test the most promising wave energy technologies, of which three concepts will be tested at sea. This is supported by European Horizon 2020 funding.
HMS Centaur (1797)
HMS Centaur was a 74-gun third rate of the Royal Navy, launched on 14 March 1797 at Woolwich. She served as Sir Samuel Hood's flagship in the Leeward Islands and the Channel. During her 22-year career Centaur saw action in the Mediterranean, the Channel, the West Indies, and the Baltic, fighting the French, the Dutch, the Danes, and the Russians. She was broken up in 1819.

Diamond Rock
Diamond Rock (French: Rocher du Diamant) is a 175-meter-high (574-foot) basalt island located south of "Grande Anse du Diamant" before arriving from the south at Fort-de-France, the main port of the Caribbean island of Martinique. The uninhabited island is about 2 kilometres (1.2 miles) from Pointe Diamant and its area is 5.3 ha ( 13.1 acres ) .

The island gets its name from the reflections that its sides cast at certain hours of the day, which evoke images of a precious stone. It is notable for having been commissioned into the Royal Navy as the stone frigate HMS Diamond Rock in February 1804 during the Napoleonic Wars. In mid-1805, a Franco-Spanish squadron captured the rock in the Battle of Diamond Rock and held it until the British recaptured it in the invasion of Martinique in 1809. Diamond Rock was returned to French control as part of a postwar trade of Martinique in 1815, and it remains part of Martinique.
Type 93 torpedo
The Type 93 (酸素魚雷; designated for Imperial Japanese calendar year 2593) was a 610 mm (24 in)-diameter torpedo of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), launched from surface ships. It is commonly referred to as the Long Lance by most modern English-language naval historians, a nickname given to it after the war by Samuel Eliot Morison, the chief historian of the U.S. Navy, who spent much of the war in the Pacific Theater. In Japanese references, the term Sanso gyorai (酸素魚雷; lit. "oxygen torpedo") is also used, in reference to its propulsion system. It was the most advanced naval torpedo in the world at the time.

USS Strong (DD-467)
USS Strong (DD-467), was a Fletcher-class destroyer and the first ship of the United States Navy to be named after Rear Admiral James H. Strong (1814–1882), who rammed the Confederate ironclad CSS Tennessee during the Battle of Mobile Bay, receiving a commendation and promotion to captain.
Bahu Kalat
Bahu Kalat (Persian: باهوكلات) is a village in, and the former capital of, Bahu Kalat Rural District of Bahu Kalat District, Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district. The capital of the rural district has been transferred to the village of Dempak Bazar.

Bahu Kalat District
Bahu Kalat District (Persian: بخش باهوکلات) is in Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bahu Kalat, whose population at the time of the 2016 census was 1,055 people in 221 households.
James William Beekman
James William Beekman (22 November 1815 – 15 June 1877) was an arts patron and politician from New York who served as the vice president of the New York Hospital.  He was a member of the prominent Beekman family.

Beekman family
The Beekman family (sometimes spelled Beeckman) is a family of Dutch descent that was prominent during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries in the area now known as the state of New York. Members of this family played a critical role in the formation of the United States and served as leaders in business, politics and society.
Andrew Collier Cameron
Andrew Collier Cameron FRSE is a British astronomer specialising in the discovery and characterisation of exoplanets. He was a founding member of the WASP project. He is a professor at the University of St Andrews, where he served as head of the School of Physics and Astronomy between 2012 and 2015.

Moira Jardine
Moira Mary Jardine FRSE is a British astrophysicist with an interest in young stars, particularly the structure of their magnetic fields and coronae, and the mechanisms by which they interact with their disks and planets. She was promoted to a Personal Chair in 2012, making her the first female professor of Physics at the University of St Andrews.
David Dondero
David Dondero (born 24 June 1969 in Duluth, Minnesota, United States) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. In 2006, NPR's All Songs Considered named David one of the "best living songwriters" alongside Bob Dylan, Paul McCartney and Tom Waits.

Team Love Records
Team Love is an independent record label based in New Paltz, New York, and Portland, Maine. The label was founded by Conor Oberst and Nate Krenkel in 2003. It has released albums by several recording artists. Team Love also released the documentary film by Roy Germano, The Other Side of Immigration.  An early distinguishing marketing tactic of Team Love was the free release of complete albums for download in unprotected mp3 format at no cost on their website in addition to traditional record and CD sales. This practice evolved and was eventually dropped as the age of streaming came to dominate the user experience.
In 2024 Team Love launched a new, "sister-label," Oystertones. Oystertones focuses on jazz, classical, experimental and other music including releases by Obelisk Grove, Double Celled Organism, Bill Brovold, pianist Jamie Saft, NAPPS, and Stacey MacLeay.
Moose Jaw—Lake Centre
Moose Jaw—Lake Centre was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1953 to 1968 and from 1988 to 1997. This riding was created in 1953 from parts of Lake Centre, Moose Jaw, Qu'Appelle, and Rosthern ridings.

The riding was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Moose Jaw, Regina East and Regina—Lake Centre ridings. It was re-created in 1987 from parts of Assiniboia, Humboldt—Lake Centre and Moose Jaw ridings. The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was redistributed into Blackstrap, Cypress Hills—Grasslands, Palliser and Regina—Arm River ridings.

Regina—Lake Centre
Regina—Lake Centre was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979. This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Humboldt—Melfort, Moose Jaw—Lake Centre, Qu'Appelle, Regina City, Rosetown—Biggar, Rosthern and Yorkton ridings.

It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Humboldt—Lake Centre, Moose Jaw and Regina West ridings.
Johnston Community School District
Johnston Community School District (JCSD) is a school district headquartered in Johnston, Iowa.
In 2023, Nikki Roorda became the superintendent.

The district, with 40 square miles (100 km2), is located in Polk County. It serves Johnston and portions of Des Moines, Granger, Grimes, and Urbandale. Camp Dodge is in the district boundary.

Urbandale, Iowa
Urbandale is a city in Polk and Dallas counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The city was incorporated on April 16, 1917 and was a streetcar suburb of Des Moines. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 45,580. It is part of the Des Moines–West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area and is the 12th largest city in Iowa.

Urbandale grew rapidly in the 1960's and 1970's due to post–World War II economic expansion. In recent years Dallas County has been the fastest growing county in Iowa with population increasing more than 50% from 2010 to 2020. Even though Waukee is the main city in Dallas County that has increased population, the western part of Urbandale has also increased its population.
Tatyshlinsky District
Tatyshlinsky District (Russian: Татышли́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Тәтешле районы, Täteşle rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders Perm Krai to the north, Askinsky District to the east, Baltachevsky District to the southeast and south, Burayevsky District to the south and Yanaulsky District to the southwest and west. The area of the district is 1,376.16 square kilometers (531.34 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhniye Tatyshly. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,159, with the population of Verkhniye Tatyshly accounting for 26.4% of that number.

Yanaulsky District
Yanaulsky District (Russian: Янау́льский райо́н; Bashkir: Яңауыл районы, Yañawıl rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders Perm Krai to the north, Tatyshlinsky District to the east, Burayevsky District to the southeast, Kaltasinsky District to the south, Krasnokamsky District to the southwest and Udmurt Republic to the west. The area of the district is 2,094 square kilometers (808 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Yanaul (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,210.
Wolf Hess (philatelist)
Dr. Wolf Hess (1945 - 2022) was a German philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 2010.   He was a Fellow of the Royal Philatelic Society London (RPSL); his exhibit "Finland Postal History" won the Grand Prix in Sofia in 2009. "He was elected to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 2010 and in 2020 became a member of the Consilium Philatelicum." Dr. Hess was a retired vascular and trauma surgeon by profession and resided in Ratingen, Germany.

Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
The Roll of Distinguished Philatelists (RDP) is a philatelic award of international scale, created by the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain in 1921 to honour those who have advanced philately through research, expertise, or service. The Roll consists of five pieces of parchment to which the signatories add their names. New honorees continue to be added annually.
Andrew Sublette
Andrew Whitley Sublette or also, spelled Sublett (1808 – December 19, 1853, or 1854), was a frontiersman, trapper, fur trader, explorer, mountain man and brother to William, Milton, and Solomon, helped establish a trading post with Louis Vasquez in 1835. The present day, Fort Vasquez, located on Highway 85, next to Platteville, Colorado, is a reconstruction. After selling the trading post in 1840, Andrew left the mountains and was seen in El Pueblo around 1844 and 1845 (present day Pueblo, Colorado), traveling along the Arkansas River, following herds of American bison.

He died in an encounter with a grizzly bear in Southern California on December 19, 1853, or 1854. Sources variously place the site of his death as Santa Monica Canyon or nearby Malibu Canyon.

William Sublette
William Lewis Sublette, also spelled Sublett (September 21, 1798 – July 23, 1845), was an American frontiersman, trapper, fur trader, explorer, and mountain man. After 1823, he became an agent of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, along with his four brothers. Later he became one of the company's co-owners, utilizing the riches of the Oregon Country. He helped settle and improve the best routes for migrants along the Oregon Trail.
Hilda Murrell
Hilda Murrell (3 February 1906 – on or before 24 March 1984) was a British rose grower, naturalist, diarist and campaigner against nuclear power and nuclear weapons. She was abducted and found murdered 8 km (5 mi) from her home in Shropshire. Decades later there was a conviction based on DNA and fingerprint evidence and a confession. The case remains however controversial and subject to theories that she was murdered by elements in the British government.

Judith Cook
Judith Cook (9 July 1933 – 12 May 2004) was an anti-nuclear campaigner, historical novelist, journalist and lecturer in theatre at the University of Exeter. She wrote several mysteries based on the casebooks of Dr Simon Forman, an Elizabethan doctor and astrologer.

Through the columns of The Guardian's women's page, edited by Mary Stott, she founded the anti-nuclear organisation Voice of Women after the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, at a time when the world seemed on the verge of nuclear war.
Buehl House
Buehl House, also known as Dr. John Clark House, in Berea, Ohio, was built in 1859.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

The Berea Historical Society operates the Mahler Museum & History Center in the house.

Berea, Ohio
Berea (/bəˈriːə/ bə-REE-ə) is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. Its population was 18,545 at the 2020 census. A western suburb of Cleveland, it is a part of the Cleveland metropolitan area. Berea is home to Baldwin Wallace University, the training facility for the Cleveland Browns, and the Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds.
Prairie State Achievement Examination
The Prairie State Achievement Examination (PSAE) was a two-day standardized test taken by all high school Juniors in the U.S. state of Illinois. On the first day, students take the ACT, and on the second day, a WorkKeys examination and Illinois State Board of Education-developed science examination. The test is no longer administered in Illinois schools; however, it was required for all Illinois High School Students from 2001 to 2014.

WorkKeys
ACT WorkKeys consists of three elements:

Job skill assessments, which are designed to measure foundational and personal skills as they apply to the workplace

Job analysis, which pinpoints or estimates skill benchmarks for specific job positions that individuals must meet through testing

Skill training, which helps individuals boost their scores
Tom Tomorrow
Dan Perkins (born April 5, 1961), better known by his pen name Tom Tomorrow, is an American editorial cartoonist. His weekly comic strip, This Modern World, which comments on current events, appears regularly in more than 80 newspapers across the United States and Canada as of 2015, as well as in The Nation, The Nib, Truthout, and the Daily Kos, where he was the former comics curator and now is a regular contributor. His work has appeared in The New York Times, The New Yorker, Spin, Mother Jones, Esquire, The Economist, Salon, The American Prospect, CREDO Action, and AlterNet.

Daily Kos
Daily Kos (/koʊz/ KOHZ) is a group blog and internet forum focused on the U.S. Democratic Party and on liberal and progressive American politics. The site publishes blog posts, polls, election and campaign fundraising data, and is considered an example of "netroots" activism.

Daily Kos was founded in 2002 by Markos Moulitsas and takes the name Kos from the last syllable of his first name, his nickname while in the military.
Henry Zvi Lothane
Henry Zvi Lothane (born 1934) is a Polish-born American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, educator and author. Lothane is currently Clinical Professor at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, specializing in the area of psychotherapy. He is the author of some eighty scholarly articles and reviews on various topics in psychiatry, psychoanalysis and the history of psychotherapy, as well as the author of a book on the famous Schreber case, entitled In Defense of Schreber: Soul Murder and Psychiatry. In Defense of Schreber examines the life and work of Daniel Paul Schreber against the background of 19th and early 20th century psychiatry and psychoanalysis.

Relational psychoanalysis
Relational psychoanalysis is a school of psychoanalysis in the United States that emphasizes the role of real and imagined relationships with others in mental disorder and psychotherapy. 'Relational psychoanalysis is a relatively new and evolving school of psychoanalytic thought considered by its founders to represent a "paradigm shift" in psychoanalysis'.

Relational psychoanalysis began in the 1980s as an attempt to integrate interpersonal psychoanalysis's emphasis on the detailed exploration of interpersonal interactions with British object relations theory's ideas about the psychological importance of internalized relationships with other people. Relationalists argue that personality emerges from the matrix of early formative relationships with parents and other figures. Philosophically, relational psychoanalysis is closely allied with social constructionism.
Honour of Eye
The Honour of Eye was a significant medieval feudal landholding in East Anglia, centred on the town and castle of Eye in Suffolk, England. Established in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest, it comprised a large group of manors across Suffolk, as well as parts of Norfolk and Essex. The Honour played an important role in the regional governance of medieval Suffolk and Eastern England.

The administrative centre, or caput baroniae, of the Honour was Eye Castle, a motte-and-bailey castle that also served as a local stronghold and court centre. At its height, the Honour of Eye consisted of dozens of manors and generated substantial income and influence for its holders. Following the decline of the feudal system  the Honour’s significance diminished, and its lands were gradually absorbed into other estates or returned to royal control.

Eye, Suffolk
Eye (/ˈaɪ/) is a market town and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district, in the north of the English county of Suffolk, about 4 miles (6 km) south of Diss, 17.5 miles (28 km) north of Ipswich and 23 miles (37 km) south-west of Norwich. The population in the 2011 census of 2,154 was estimated to be 2,361 in 2019 and updated to 2,210 following the 2021 census.  It lies close to the River Waveney, which forms the border with Norfolk, and on the River Dove. Eye is twinned with the town of Pouzauges in the Vendée department of France.
Pal's
Pal's Sudden Service, normally called Pal's for short, is a regional fast food restaurant chain located in northeast Tennessee and southwestern Virginia, with stores concentrated in the Tri-Cities, Tennessee metro region.  The first Pal's opened in 1956 in Kingsport, Tennessee a year after the founder of Pal's, Fred "Pal" Barger, attended a National Restaurant Convention in Chicago and met Ray Kroc and Fred Turner, observing the construction and equipment they used for the first McDonald's restaurant. Pal's long time CEO is Thom Crosby who joined the company in 1981. In 2023, the company had 31  locations.

In 2001, Pal's won the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, becoming the first restaurant company to receive the award.

Kingsport, Tennessee
Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It lies along the Holston River and had a population of 55,442 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had 307,613 residents in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.

Kingsport was chartered in 1822. The city's name is a simplification of King's Port, originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard, the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley. Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the "Mountain Empire" in southwest Virginia and northeastern Tennessee.