hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Half tower
A half tower (sometimes half-tower), open tower, or open-gorged tower (German: Schalenturm, Halbschalenturm or Schanzturm) is a fortified stone tower in an external wall or castle enceinte that is open, or only lightly constructed, at the rear. Towers of this type were used, for example, in city walls. City gates can also be incorporated into a type of half tower.

Fortified tower
A fortified tower (also defensive tower or castle tower or, in context, just tower) is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with defensive walls such as curtain walls. Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions.
Bull Page Stakes
The Bull Page Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race run annually in mid October at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

An Ontario Sire Stakes, it is a restricted race for two-year-old Colts and Geldings. It is raced over a distance of 6 furlongs on Polytrack and currently carries a purse of $125,000.

Inaugurated in 1976 as a five-and-a-half furlong sprint, it was modified to its present six furlong distance in 1980.

The race was named to honor E. P. Taylor's 1951 Canadian Horse of the Year and important sire, Bull Page.

The race was run in two divisions in 1979.

Woodbine Racetrack
Woodbine Racetrack is a race track for Thoroughbred horse racing in the Etobicoke area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Woodbine Entertainment Group, Woodbine Racetrack manages and hosts Canada's most famous race, the King's Plate. The track was opened in 1956 with a one-mile oval dirt track, as well as a seven-eights turf course. It has been extensively remodeled since 1993, and since 1994 has had three racecourses.
Kubachi language
Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia, by Kubachi people. It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa, but it has also historically been portrayed as a separate language. Ethnologue lists it as a separate language.

Dargwa language
Dargwa (дарган мез, dargan mez) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. This article discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin.
Towson Calvary Baptist Church
Towson Calvary Baptist Church, at 120 West Pennsylvania Ave, Towson, Maryland, was completed in 1929.

It is a gothic building built from the stone, concrete and aggregate supplied by the nearby Campbell quarry, which had its headquarters on the same block.  The Harry Tyler Campbell company ultimately became the successful producers of Camel-Wite, an early whiting ingredient for paint, paper, rubber and plastic and Sakrete, a popular pre-mixed concrete formulation.

The structure is the second church building on the grounds. The first Calvary Baptist Church began meeting in 1890 and established their original wood-frame building at this address two years later (1892). The original building burned in 1929. The original 19th-century Baptist parsonage survived the fire and is currently leased for offices.

Towson, Maryland
Towson (/ˈtaʊsən/) is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 59,533 in the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Baltimore County and the second-most populous unincorporated county seat in the United States (after Ellicott City, the seat of nearby Howard County, southwest of Baltimore).
Lophoziaceae
Lophoziaceae is a family of liverworts belonging to the order Jungermanniales.

Included genera:

Andrewsianthus R.M.Schust.

Gerhildiella Grolle

Heterogemma (Jørg.) Konstant. & Vilnet

Lophozia (Dumort.) Dumort.

Lophoziopsis Konstant. & Vilnet

Pseudocephaloziella R.M.Schust.

Trilophozia (R.M.Schust.) Bakalin

Tritomaria Schiffn. ex Loeske

Jungermanniales
Jungermanniales is the largest order of liverworts. They are distinctive among the liverworts for having thin leaf-like flaps on either side of the stem. Most other liverworts are thalloid, with no leaves. Due to their dorsiventral organization and scale-like, overlapping leaves, the Jungermanniales are sometimes called "scale-mosses".
Mullaghmore, Templeport
Mullaghmore (from Irish Mullach Mór meaning 'Great Summit') is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Templeport and barony of Tullyhaw.

Templeport
Templeport (Irish: Teampall an Phoirt) is a civil parish in the barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland. The chief towns in the parish are Bawnboy and Ballymagauran. The large Roman Catholic parish of Templeport containing 42,172 statute acres was split up in the 18th & 19th centuries into three new parishes, Templeport, Corlough and Glangevlin.
Arjan Singh Nalwa
Arjan Singh Nalwa (died 1848) was the youngest son of Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa and a minor jagirdar and rebel who refused to surrender to British rule in Punjab after the conclusion of the Second Anglo-Sikh War. He locked himself up in his estate in Gujranwala with 100 of his men and fought off a party sent by the Lahore Darbar to subdue him. Finally, a company of Skinner's Horse was sent to bring him in, but he escaped from his estate in time and died on the run a few years later. His property was confiscated by the British.

Hari Singh Nalwa
Hari Singh Nalwa (29 April 1791 – 30 April 1837) was the commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Fauj, the army of the Sikh Empire. He is known for his role in the conquests of Kasur, Sialkot, Attock, Multan, Kashmir, Peshawar and Jamrud. Hari Singh Nalwa was responsible for expanding the frontier of Sikh Empire to beyond the Indus River right up to the mouth of the Khyber Pass. At the time of his death, Jamrud constituted the western boundary of the Empire.

He served as governor of Kashmir, Peshawar and Hazara. He established a mint on behalf of the Sikh Empire to facilitate revenue collection in Kashmir and Peshawar.
Black rot on orchids
Black rot on orchids is caused by Pythium and Phytophthora species. Black rot targets a variety of orchids but Cattleya orchids are especially susceptible. Pythium ultimum and Phytophthora cactorum are known to cause black rot in orchids.

Pythium ultimum is a pathogen that causes damping-off and root rot on plants. Symptoms of this pathogen include stunting and chlorosis. Identifying Pythium ultimum has traditionally been done by examining oogonia, antheridia, and sporangium structure. Now, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology can identify the pathogen using DNA fragments.

Phytophthora cactorum is a pathogen that causes root rot on many plant species. Symptoms of this pathogen include necrosis in the roots, chlorosis, and wilting. Phytophthora cactorum can be identified by examining oogonia, antheridium, oospore, and sporangia structure.

Pythium
Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycetes. They were formerly classified as fungi. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals, causing pythiosis. The feet of the fungus gnat are frequently a vector for their transmission.
Francis Locke Sr.
Francis Locke Sr. (1732–1796) was a plantation owner, businessman, politician, and a participant in the American War of Independence, where he led the American Patriots to the decisive victory at Ramseur's Mill, which turned the tide of the American War for Independence in the south.

Rowan County, North Carolina
Rowan County (/roʊˈæn/ roh-AN), officially the County of Rowan, is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 146,875.  Its county seat, Salisbury, is the oldest continuously populated European-American town in the western half of North Carolina. Rowan County is located northeast of Charlotte, and is considered part of the Charlotte metropolitan area.

Established in 1753 from the upper part of Anson County, it was named after acting North Carolina governor Matthew Rowan. Originally a vast territory with unlimited western boundaries, Rowan County was reduced in size to 524 square miles (1,360 km2) after several counties were formed from it in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Princeton Community High School
Princeton Community High School is a four-year comprehensive secondary school in Princeton, Indiana, United States. The high school is a part of the North Gibson School Corporation. Until March 2016, the school operated a television station, W06BD, from studios at the high school. Princeton Community is the second largest of the three high schools serving Gibson County, Indiana. The others are Gibson Southern, which is larger, and Wood Memorial, which is smaller.

Princeton, Indiana
Princeton is the largest city in and the county seat of Gibson County, Indiana, United States. The population was 8,301 at the 2020 United States census, and it is part of the greater Evansville, Indiana, Metropolitan Area.
Maurice Maeterlinck
Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count/Comte Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911 "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations". The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. He was a leading member of the group La Jeune Belgique, and his plays form an important part of the Symbolist movement. In later life, Maeterlinck faced credible accusations of plagiarism.

Pelléas and Mélisande
Pelléas and Mélisande (French: Pelléas et Mélisande) is a Symbolist play by the Belgian playwright and author Maurice Maeterlinck, first performed in 1893. The play is about the forbidden, doomed love of the title characters.

The work never achieved great success on stage, apart from the operatic setting by Claude Debussy, but was at the time widely read and admired by the symbolist literary elite, such as Strindberg and Rilke. It inspired other contemporary composers, like Gabriel Fauré, Arnold Schoenberg, Jean Sibelius, and Mel Bonis.
Tabrikiekondre
Tabrikiekondre is a village in Boven Saramacca municipality (resort) in Sipaliwini District in Suriname.

Nearby towns and villages include Moetoetoetabriki (4.1 nm), Kwattahede (3.0 nm), La Valere (13.6 nm), Warnakomoponafaja (5.1 nm) and Makajapingo (3.2 nm).

Moetoetoetabriki
Moetoetoetabriki is a village in Boven Saramacca resort in Sipaliwini District in Suriname. The village is inhabited by Matawai people.

Nearby towns and villages include Heidoti (2.0 nm), Kwattahede (1.4 nm), Pakka-Pakka (13.9 nm),
Makajapingo (7.0 nm) and Tabrikiekondre (4.1 nm).
Hoo St Werburgh
Hoo St Werburgh, commonly known as Hoo, is a large village and civil parish in the Medway district of Kent, England. It is one of several villages on the Hoo Peninsula to bear the name Hoo, a Saxon word believed to mean "spur of land" or to refer to the "distinct heel-shape of the ridge of hills" through the settlement. Hoo features in Domesday Book, and had a population of 7,356 at the 2001 census, rising to 8,945 at the 2011 census. The civil parish includes Chattenden to the west.

Chattenden
Chattenden is a village within the civil parish of Hoo, which is within the unitary authority of Medway, Kent, England. It was, until 1 April 1998, part of Kent and is still ceremonially associated via the Lieutenancies Act. The A228 goes through the village.
New York City Department of Transportation
The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) is the agency of the government of New York City responsible for the management of much of New York City's transportation infrastructure. Mike Flynn is the Commissioner of the Department of Transportation, and was appointed by Mayor Zohran Mamdani on January 1, 2026. Former Commissioners have included Ydanis Rodriguez, Polly Trottenberg, Janette Sadik-Khan, and Iris Weinshall. The NYCDOT has a training center in eastern Queens.

New York State Department of Transportation
The New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) is the department of the New York state government responsible for the development and operation of highways, railroads, mass transit systems, ports, waterways and aviation facilities in the U.S. state of New York.
Gönnebek
Gönnebek is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Its first documentary mention was in 1394.

Gönnebek is part of the Amt ("collective municipality") Bornhöved.

It is situated approximately 15 km east of Neumünster.
The next train station is located in Rickling.

Neighbouring villages (clockwise beginning north) are Rendswühren, Bornhöved, Trappenkamp, Rickling and Groß Kummerfeld.

Bornhöved (Amt)
Bornhöved is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Bornhöved.

The Amt Bornhöved consists of the following municipalities:

Bornhöved

Damsdorf

Gönnebek

Schmalensee

Stocksee

Tarbek

Tensfeld

53°52′59″N 10°10′01″E﻿ / ﻿53.883°N 10.167°E﻿ / 53.883; 10.167
Arthur U. Gerber
Arthur Uranus Gerber (1878–1960) was a commercial architect who resided in Evanston, Illinois and whose designs included a number of transit stations in the Chicago metropolitan area, at least five of which have since been placed onto the National Register of Historic Places.  He was employed by the Northwestern Elevated originally then moved onto to design other buildings for its successor, the Chicago Rapid Transit, and the interurban railroads the Chicago North Shore & Milwaukee, the Chicago South Shore & South Bend, and the Chicago Aurora & Elgin as each came under the control of utilities tycoon Samuel Insull.

Beverly Shores station
Beverly Shores is a train station in Beverly Shores, Indiana, served by the South Shore Line interurban commuter railroad. The station serves the town of Beverly Shores as well as the nearby Town of Pines. It is a flag stop.
Maitland Showground
Maitland Showground is an multi-purpose outdoor recreational area located on Blomfield Street, Evans Street and Louth Park Road, in Maitland, New South Wales, Australia. The site is used for the annual Maitland Show (a show for agriculture, livestock and other exhibits). It also includes the greyhound racing stadium known as Maitland Greyhounds and the Maitland Harness Racing Club, around the exterior of the greyhound track. The site is also a historic landmark for motorcycle speedway having been regarded as the birth of the sport on 15 December 1923.

Maitland, New South Wales
Maitland (/ˈmeɪtlənd/ MAYT-lənd) is a city in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales, Australia and the seat of Maitland City Council, situated on the Hunter River approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) by road north of Sydney and 35 km (22 mi) north-west of Newcastle. It is on the New England Highway approximately 17 km (11 mi) from its origin at Hexham.

At the 2021 census it had approximately 89,597 inhabitants, spread over an area of 392 square kilometres (151 sq mi), with most of the population located in a strip along the New England Highway between the suburbs of Lochinvar and Thornton. The city centre is located on the right bank of the Hunter River, protected from moderate potential flooding by a levee.

Surrounding areas include the cities of Cessnock and Singleton local government areas.
Großer Inselsberg
Großer Inselsberg is a mountain in the Thuringian Forest with a height of 916.5 m (3,007 ft) above sea level, located on Rennsteig in the districts of Gotha and Schmalkalden-Meiningen. It is the fourth-highest distinct mountain of Thuringia, after Großer Beerberg (982.9 m (3,225 ft)), Schneekopf (978 m (3,209 ft)) and Großer Finsterberg (944.1 m (3,097 ft)) and forms a landmark that can be viewed in particular from northern and western directions.

Thuringian Forest
The Thuringian Forest (Thüringer Wald in German pronounced [ˈtyːʁɪŋɐ ˈvalt] ⓘ) is a mountain range in the southern parts of the German state of Thuringia, running northwest to southeast.  Skirting from its southerly source in foothills to a gorge on its north-west side is the Werra valley.  On the other side of the Forest is an upper outcrop of the North German Plain, the Thuringian Basin, which includes the city of Erfurt.  The south and south-east continuation of the range is the highland often called the Thuringian-Vogtlandian Slate Mountains.

Among scattered foothills at its northern foot are the towns Eisenach, Gotha and Arnstadt. The towns of Ilmenau and Suhl sit in slight dips on the range itself to the north and south respectively.
2000 Albanian Supercup
The 2000 Albanian Supercup is the seventh edition of the Albanian Supercup since its establishment in 1989. The match was contested between the Albanian Cup 2000 winners KS Teuta and the 1999–2000 Albanian Superliga champions KF Tirana.

Albanian Supercup
The Albanian Supercup (Albanian: Superkupa e Shqipërisë) is an annually held match between the champions of the Kategoria Superiore and the Albanian Cup winners, or, if the same team won both trophies, the Cup's runners-up.

Prior to 2000, the Supercup final was not played if the champion team had won the Double. However, after 2000, the Albanian Football Federation changed the rule, and the final has since been played against the Cup runners-up in such a scenario.

There have been 30 finals played in total. Tirana are the most successful team, having won the trophy 12 times.
Southern Africans in the United States
Southern Africans in the United States are Americans with ancestry from Southern Africa. They include:

Angolan Americans

Basotho Americans

Botswanan Americans

Comorian Americans

Malagasy Americans

Malawian Americans

Mozambican Americans

Namibian Americans

Seychellois Americans

South African Americans

Swazi Americans

Tanzanian Americans

Zambian Americans

Zimbabwean Americans

Angolan Americans
Angolan Americans (Portuguese: angolano-americanos) are  an ethnic group of Americans of  Angolan descent or Angolan immigrants. According to estimates, by the year 2000 there were 1,642 people descended from Angolan immigrants in the United States. However, the number of Angolan Americans is difficult to determine. Many African-Americans are descendants of Angolan enslaved people. In 1644, most of the 6,900 slaves bought on the African coast to clear the forests, lay roads, build houses and public buildings, and grow food came from the established stations in Angola.
Bishopric of Merseburg
The Bishopric of Merseburg was an episcopal see on the eastern border of the medieval Duchy of Saxony with its centre in Merseburg, where Merseburg Cathedral was constructed. The see was founded in 967 by Emperor Otto I at the same time in the same manner as those of Meissen and Zeitz (from 1029: Naumburg), all suffragan dioceses of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg as part of a plan to bind the adjacent Slavic ("Wendish") lands in the Saxon Eastern March beyond the Saale River more closely to the Holy Roman Empire.

The prince-bishopric was re-established by King Henry II of Germany in 1004. It then covered a considerable small territory stretching from the Saale up to the Mulde River and the Margraviate of Meissen in the east.

Merseburg
Merseburg (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛʁzəbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in central Germany in southern Saxony-Anhalt, situated on the river Saale, and approximately 14 km south of Halle (Saale) and 30 km west of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Saalekreis district. It had a diocese founded by Archbishop Adalbert of Magdeburg.
The University of Merseburg is located within the town. Merseburg has around 35,000 inhabitants.
13th Canadian Parliament
The 13th Canadian Parliament was in session from March 18, 1918, until October 4, 1921.  The membership was set by the 1917 federal election on December 17, 1917, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1921 election.

It was controlled by a Unionist Party majority first under Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden and the 10th Canadian Ministry, and after July 10, 1920, by Prime Minister Arthur Meighen and the 11th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Laurier Liberal Party, led first by Wilfrid Laurier, and then by Daniel McKenzie and William Lyon Mackenzie King consecutively.

The Speaker was Edgar Nelson Rhodes.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1914-1924 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were five sessions of the 13th Parliament; the third was opened by the Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII):

11th Canadian Ministry
The Eleventh Canadian Ministry was the first cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Arthur Meighen.  It governed Canada from 10 July 1920 to 29 December 1921, including only the last year of the 13th Canadian Parliament.  The government was formed by the National Liberal and Conservative Party.  Meighen was also Prime Minister in the Thirteenth Canadian Ministry.
Michael Thurber
Michael Thurber is an American composer, songwriter, bassist and actor. He is a co-founder of CDZA, a YouTube music collective that performed at the YouTube Music Awards in 2013. Thurber has composed scores for theater productions such as Antony and Cleopatra at The Public Theater and Sugar In Our Wounds at the Manhattan Theater Club. From 2015 to 2016 he was the bassist for Stay Human, the house band on The Late Show With Stephen Colbert. He is on the Board of Directors of National Public Radio's From the Top and teaches at New York University's Clive Davis Institute.

The Late Show Band
Louis Cato and the Great Big Joy Machine is a band originally founded and led by American musician Jon Batiste as Stay Human. They became the house band for Stephen Colbert's late-night talk show The Late Show with Stephen Colbert on September 8, 2015. When Batiste departed the show on August 12, 2022, Louis Cato became the new bandleader, and Stay Human was renamed Louis Cato and the Late Show Band, a change that took effect on September 6, 2022. On February 16, 2026, the band was renamed again, to Louis Cato and the Great Big Joy Machine.
Euhadra
Euhadra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae.

(This snail genus was previously placed in the family Eulotidae).

A few of the species in this genus are unusual in that specimens in those species always have left-handed "sinistral" coiling in their shells, as shown in the specimen on the right. The rest of the species in the genus are right-handed or "dextral" in the shell coiling, as is usually the case in the great majority of gastropods.

Camaenidae
Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.

These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia.

A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae.

This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaeninae, previously treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.