hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melitta (bee)
Melitta is a genus of bees in the family Melittidae. It includes about 40 species restricted to Africa and the northern temperate zone. Most of the species are Palaearctic, though three rare species occur in North America.

They are bees of moderate size, generally 8 to 15 mm long. They are commonly oligolectic, with narrow host plant preferences. They resemble bees of the genus Andrena, though with radically different mouthparts and a scopa limited to the hind tibia and basitarsus.
Melitta have a crucial role as pollinators and they are protected through the Pollinators policy based on EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030.

Melittidae
Melittidae is a small bee family, with over 200 described species  in three subfamilies. The family has a limited distribution, with all described species restricted to Africa and the northern temperate zone.

Fossil melittids have been found occasionally in Eocene amber deposits, including those of Oise, France and the Baltic amber.
Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema
The Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema is a Brazilian agricultural aircraft used for aerial application, particularly crop dusting. It is produced by Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva, a subsidiary of Embraer located in Botucatu, Brazil. The latest version of this aircraft is the first ethanol-powered fixed-wing aircraft, which could give it an economical advantage over the gasoline version. The aircraft is widely employed in Brazil, having market share of about 80%, and the 1,700th delivery was completed on 24 November 2025. Besides aircraft, alcohol-conversion kits for gasoline-powered Ipanemas are also sold.

Lycoming O-540
The Lycoming O-540 is a family of air-cooled six-cylinder, horizontally opposed fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter engines of 541.5 cubic inches (8.9 L) displacement, manufactured by Lycoming Engines. The engine is a six-cylinder version of the four-cylinder Lycoming O-360.
Camptosema
Camptosema is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes five species native to South America, ranging from northeastern Brazil to Bolivia and northeastern Argentina. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae and tribe Diocleae.

Camptosema goiasana R.S.Cowan – eastern Bolivia and west-central Brazil

Camptosema nobile Lindm. – west-central Brazil (Mato Grosso)

Camptosema rubicundum Hook. & Arn. – eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, west-central and southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay

Camptosema sanctae-barbarae Taub. – west-central Brazil (Goiás)

Camptosema spectabile (Tul.) Burkart – eastern Brazil

Diocleae
The tribe Diocleae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae.

The Diocleae can be distinguished from other members of Fabaceae by

[A] combination of features involving the woody vine or shrub habit, stipellate trifoliolate leaves, nodose pseudoraceme inflorescence, flowers with a distinct hypanthium, and calyx with lanceolate lobes, the lower lobe longer than the remaining (except in the specialized resupinate flowers of Canavalia).
Cape Alexander
Cape Alexander (66°44′S 62°37′W﻿ / ﻿66.733°S 62.617°W﻿ / -66.733; -62.617) is a cape which forms the south end of Churchill Peninsula and the east side of the entrance to Cabinet Inlet, on the east coast of Graham Land. It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) in December 1947.

Cape Alexander was named by the FIDS for Rt. Hon. Albert V. Alexander, M.P., First Lord of the Admiralty.

Churchill Peninsula
Churchill Peninsula (66°30′S 62°45′W﻿ / ﻿66.500°S 62.750°W﻿ / -66.500; -62.750) is an ice-covered peninsula between Cabinet Inlet and Adie Inlet, extending some 30 miles (50 km) in a southeasterly direction from the east coast of Graham Land.  The peninsula ends in Cape Alexander separating Oscar II Coast to the northeast from Foyn Coast to the southwest, and has its east coast indented by Zimen Inlet and Brentopara Inlet.

The feature was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition and charted from the ground by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) during 1947. It was named by FIDS for Rt. Hon. (later Sir) Winston Churchill, M.P., Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the War Cabinet which authorized FIDS in 1943.
Ramudu Hulu
Ramudu Hulu (also known as Ramudu Ulu, Ramudu or Pa Ramudu) is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 613 kilometres (381 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Long Danau 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Pa Dali 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi) east

Batu Paton 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) east

Pa Mada 7.9 kilometres (4.9 mi) northeast

Pa Bangar 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) northeast

Pa Main 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north

Pa Umor 20.7 kilometres (12.9 mi) north

Bario 22.6 kilometres (14.0 mi) north

Lepu Wei 24.7 kilometres (15.3 mi) south

Long Aar 27.3 kilometres (17.0 mi) northwest

Long Danau
Long Danau is a longhouse settlement in the Marudi division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 615.3 kilometres (382 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching.

The longhouse is about three hours' trek from Ramadu Long Danau has a good reputation with travellers, with good food and a chief who speaks English.

The Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis) has been observed in Long Danau.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Ramudu Hulu 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest

Pa Mada 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) northeast

Pa Dali 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) east

Pa Bangar 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) northeast

Batu Paton 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) southeast

Pa Main 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) north

Pa Umor 18.6 kilometres (11.6 mi) north

Bareo 21.1 kilometres (13.1 mi) north

Pa Lungan 26.2 kilometres (16.3 mi) north

Lepu Wei 26.7 kilometres (16.6 mi) south
Dane seabream
The Dane Seabream (Porcostoma dentata), also known as the Dane, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The Dane Seabream is the only species in the monospecific genus Porcostoma. This species is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of Southern Africa.

Sparidae
Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies, is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Acanthuriformes, although they were previously classified in the order Perciformes. The over 150 species are found in shallow and deep marine waters in temperate through tropical regions around the world. Most species are demersal carnivores.
Rolls-Royce Peregrine
The Rolls-Royce Peregrine was a 21-litre (1,300 cu in),  885-horsepower (660 kW) liquid-cooled V-12 aero engine designed and built by the British manufacturer Rolls-Royce in the late 1930s. It was essentially the ultimate development of the company's Kestrel engine, which had seen widespread use in military aircraft of the pre-war period.

Due to the wartime priority of Rolls-Royce Merlin development and production, the Peregrine saw limited use and was cancelled with only 301 engines being built.

Gloster F.9/37
The Gloster F.9/37, also known as the Gloster G.39, was a British twin-engined design from the Gloster Aircraft Company for a cannon-armed heavy fighter to serve with the Royal Air Force, planned before the Second World War. The F.9/37 was rejected in favour of other designs.

A development of the F.9/37 as a night fighter, for a new Air Ministry Specifications F.29/40 – known unofficially as the Gloster Reaper – was dropped so that Gloster could concentrate on existing work and on the nascent British jet projects.
Separate Operational Purpose Division
The Separate Operational Purpose Division (ODON; Russian: Отдельная дивизия оперативного назначения, romanized: Otdel'naya diviziya operativnogo naznacheniya) or OMSDON (a.k.a. Dzerzhinsky Division), is a rapid deployment internal security division of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and then the Internal Troops of Russia Russian Federation, currently part of the National Guard Forces Command of the Russian Federation.

1941 October Revolution Parade
The 1941 October Revolution Parade of November 7, 1941 was a parade in honor of the October Revolution 24 years earlier. It is most famous for taking place during the Battle of Moscow. The Communist Party General Secretary, Joseph Stalin, delivered a speech to the soldiers on the parade on Red Square, who would go to battle immediately after the parade. Many of the soldiers on the parade would be killed in battle. Every year in modern Russia, November 7th is a holiday in honor of the 1941 parade as a substitute for celebration of the October Revolution, as a Day of Military Honour.

Parades held on that year that are more memorable are the parades in Moscow's Red Square and in Kuybyshev Square, Samara (formerly Kuybyshev in the Soviet period). Both are marked today by commemorative parades to honor their historical importance.
Lower Moyamensing, Philadelphia
Lower Moyamensing is a neighborhood in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, situated just south of the East Passyunk Crossing neighborhood and north of the stadium area. It is bounded by Snyder Avenue to the north, Oregon Avenue to the south, South 7th Street to the east, and South Broad Street to the west. Sub-divided by 10th Street, it can be separated into LoMo East and LoMo West. The neighborhood was once part of Moyamensing Township (later East Moyamensing) before becoming part of Philadelphia in 1854. Lower Moyamensing is known for its 19th century row homes, factory buildings, and variety of restaurants. South Philadelphia High School is located in Lower Moyamensing, at the corner of Broad and Jackson Streets.

Methodist Hospital (Philadelphia)
Methodist Hospital is a hospital in the Lower Moyamensing neighborhood of South Philadelphia, affiliated with Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience and Thomas Jefferson University. Incorporated in 1881 and opened in 1892, Methodist serves patients in Philadelphia and the surrounding communities.
Datangshan
Datangshan (simplified Chinese: 大汤山; traditional Chinese: 大湯山; pinyin: Dàtāngshān) is a village and a hill in the Changping District of Beijing, China. It is one the villages under the administration of Xiaotangshan town. The hill was named Datangshan ("great hot spring hill") on account of the presence of hot springs in the area. The village, named after the hill, has existed since the Ming dynasty.  The China Aviation Museum is located in Datangshan.

Xiaotangshan, Beijing
Xiaotangshan Town  (simplified Chinese: 小汤山镇; traditional Chinese: 小湯山鎮; pinyin: Xiǎotāngshān Zhèn) is a small town in the Changping District of Beijing, China. It lies immediately outside Beijing's 6th Ring Road, to the north of the city. According to the 2020 census, Xiaotangshan was home to 80,273 inhabitants.

With a total area of 70.1 square kilometers, Xiaotangshan has rich geothermal resources, so much so that the name Xiaotangshan (Chinese: 小汤山; lit. 'Small Hot Spring Mountain') originated from its abundance of geothermal springs.
Xiaotangshan Hospital appeared in the news in May 2003 when the government hastily built a 1000-bed field hospital there to deal with an outbreak of SARS.
Epaulet oriole
The epaulet oriole (Icterus cayanensis) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. The moriche oriole, formerly considered a distinct species (I. chrysocephalus) is now placed herein as a subspecies. The variable oriole, (I. pyrrhopterus), was formerly considered conspecific, but has recently been split by the SACC.

The epaulet oriole is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Suriname.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical swamps, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.

Variable oriole
The variable oriole (Icterus pyrrhopterus) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the epaulet oriole.

It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.
Cape Wickham Lighthouse
The Cape Wickham Lighthouse is a lighthouse situated at Cape Wickham on King Island, Tasmania.  At 48 metres (157 ft) tall, it is Australia's tallest lighthouse. The lighthouse is listed on the Commonwealth Heritage Register.

There are eleven timber flights of stairs in the lighthouse, with twenty steps each, which must be climbed in order to reach the top.  Surrounding the lighthouse are the remains of a number of associated buildings, including a small church.  There are also a number of gravestones, many belonging to those who were shipwrecked in the area after the lighthouse was built.

Cape Wickham
Cape Wickham is the most northerly point of King Island, Tasmania, Australia.  From here, it is 90 kilometres (56 mi) to Cape Otway on the Australian mainland.  In the 19th century, ships coming from Europe would sometimes attempt to sail between Cape Wickham and Cape Otway to cut down on travelling time to Sydney, however the trip was dangerous and the price of failure high – usually shipwreck on the unforgiving King Island coast.

The Cape Wickham lighthouse situated on the cape had its 150th anniversary in 2011. The lighthouse was constructed in the 1860s when the island was still known as King's Island.

On 30 October 2015, Cape Wickham Links, an 18-hole golf course, opened to the public.
Matthew 27:3
Matthew 27:3 is the third verse of the twenty-seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This verse returns to the story of Judas Iscariot who, in the previous chapter, had accepted payment to betray Jesus to the Jewish authorities. This verse opens the story of Judas' remorse and death (verses 3-10), interrupting the Gospel's narrative regarding the trials of Jesus.

Matthew 27
Matthew 27 is the 27th chapter in the Gospel of Matthew, part of the New Testament in the Christian Bible. This chapter contains Matthew's record of the day of the trial, crucifixion and burial of Jesus. Scottish theologian William Robertson Nicoll notes that "the record of this single day is very nearly one-ninth of the whole book".
Æthelric of Hwicce
Æthelric was a king of the Hwicce and son of Oshere; it is possible that he reigned jointly with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht.

He is known from charters.

In 692 he witnessed a charter of Æthelred, King of Mercia S 75, together with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht, and in 693 the four brothers witnessed a charter issued by their father Oshere S 53

In 706 (S 1174), he granted land with consent of Cenred, King of Mercia; then in 736 (S 89), as Æthilric subregulus, he witnessed a charter of Æthelbald, King of Mercia; and in an undated charter (S 94), he received a grant himself from the same king.

His kinsman thegn Osred received a grant in 743 from king Æthelbald in charter S 99.

Æthelberht, king of the Hwicce
Æthelberht (Old English: Æðelberht) was a possible King of Hwicce jointly with his presumed brothers Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelric. It is probable that they were all sons of Oshere, although the paternity of Æthelheard and Æthelberht is not explicitly stated in surviving documents.

In 692, together with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelric, he witnessed a charter of Æthelred, King of Mercia.

In 693 the four brothers witnessed a charter issued by their father Oshere.

In neither of these charters is he styled king.
2006–07 Scottish Third Division
The 2006–07 Scottish Football League Third Division was the 13th season in the format of ten teams in the fourth-tier of Scottish football. The season started on 4 August 2006  and ended on 28 April 2007. Berwick Rangers finished top and were promoted alongside Queen's Park as play-off winners.

East Stirlingshire finished bottom of the table for the fifth consecutive season. Despite finishing bottom again, East Stirlingshire won their battle to retain full member status of the Scottish Football League, though were warned that they would lose their status if they finished bottom in the following season.

2007–08 Scottish Third Division
The 2007–08 Scottish Football League Third Division was the 14th season in the format of ten teams in the fourth-tier of Scottish football. The season started on 4 August 2007 and ended on 26 April 2008. East Fife F.C. finished top and were promoted alongside Arbroath F.C. as play-off winners. Stranraer F.C. were also promoted due to Gretna being demoted to the Third Division.
Frabosa Sottana
Frabosa Sottana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Cuneo. The economy is based on winter tourism, based on the nearby ski resort of Prato Nevoso.

Frabosa Sottana borders the following municipalities: Frabosa Soprana, Magliano Alpi, Monastero di Vasco, Roccaforte Mondovì, and Villanova Mondovì.

Frabosa Sottana is in the area of the Occitan language minority.

Prato Nevoso
44°15′24.11″N 7°47′20.58″E﻿ / ﻿44.2566972°N 7.7890500°E﻿ / 44.2566972; 7.7890500

Prato Nevoso (or Pratonevoso) is a ski and holiday resort in northern Italy. It is located at 1480 metres above sea level, in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont, within the municipal boundaries of the comune of Frabosa Sottana, of which it is a frazione, some four kilometres south of its centre. The resort's name means "snowy meadow" in Italian.
Don Lavoie
Donald Charles Lavoie (April 4, 1951 – November 6, 2001) was an American economist of the Austrian School. He was influenced by Friedrich Hayek, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Michael Polanyi and Ludwig Lachmann.  He wrote two books on the problem of economic calculation. His first book on this subject was Rivalry and Central Planning (Cambridge University Press 1985). This book stressed the importance of the process of competitive rivalry in markets. His second book was National Economic Planning: What Is Left? (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1985). This book dealt with the problem of non-comprehensive planning.

Emily Chamlee-Wright
Emily Chamlee-Wright (born July 7, 1966) is an American economist who serves as president and CEO of the Institute for Humane Studies. From 2012 through 2016, she was the Provost and Dean of Washington College. She taught economics at Beloit College from 1993 to 2012, where she held the Elbert H. Neese Jr. Professorship in Economics and served as associate dean from 2010 to 2012. She was one of three principal investigators with the Mercatus Center researching Gulf Coast recovery efforts in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
Henrietta of England
Henrietta of England (Henrietta Anne Stuart; 16 June 1644 O.S. [26 June 1644 N.S.] – 30 June 1670) was the youngest child of King Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France. She was Duchess of Orléans through her marriage to Philippe I, Duke of Orléans.

Fleeing England with her mother as an infant in the midst of the English Civil War, Henrietta moved to the court of her first cousin King Louis XIV of France, where she was known as Minette. She married her cousin Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, and became a fille de France, but their relationship was marked by frequent tensions over suitors common to the two.

Henrietta played an instrumental role in negotiating the Secret Treaty of Dover between France and England against the Dutch Republic in June 1670, the same month as her unexpected death at the age of 26. Jacobite claims to the British throne after Henry Benedict Stuart's death descend from her daughter Anne Marie.

Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois
Philippe Charles d'Orléans, petit-fils de France, Duke of Valois (16 July 1664 – 8 December 1666) was a French prince and Grandson of France. He was styled Duke of Valois at the time of his birth. He was a short lived nephew of Louis XIV.
Nyundo, Rubavu
Nyundo is a community in the Rubavu District of Western Province, Rwanda, on the Sebeya River to the east of Gisenyi. It is the location of one of the first Catholic missions to be established in Rwanda, and today is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nyundo.

Rubavu District
Rubavu District is one of the seven districts (akarere) in Western Province, Rwanda, with a total surface area of 388.4 km2. Its administrative capital is Gisenyi, a vibrant lakeside resort town and border city on Lake Kivu, directly across from Goma in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The Rubavu Urban area, which includes Gisenyi, Rugerero, and surrounding localities, had a population of 546,683 according to the 2022 census, making it the second most populous urban area in Rwanda.
LAV-25
The LAV-25 (Light Armored Vehicle) is a member of the LAV II family. It is an eight-wheeled amphibious armored reconnaissance vehicle built by General Dynamics Land Systems and used by the United States Marine Corps and the United States Army.

United States Marine Corps Light Armored Reconnaissance
The United States Marine Corps Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalions, or LAR Battalions, are fast and mobilized armored terrestrial reconnaissance units that conduct reconnaissance-in-force (RIF) ahead of the battalion landing teams or division infantry forces.  They mainly provide the Marine Air-Ground Task Force and the Marine Expeditionary Unit commanders vital intelligence of the enemy.

They perform their methods as special motorized, infantry-based reconnaissance units as they are equipped with LAV-25s to quickly penetrate enemy lines and locate and/or harass any enemy forces to determine their size, strengths, location, and any other pertinent information requested of the Marine commanders.
Ernest Courant
Ernest David Courant (March 26, 1920 – April 21, 2020) was an American accelerator physicist. He was a distinguished scientist emeritus at Brookhaven National Laboratory and an adjunct professor at the University of Michigan. In 1976, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Courant was the eldest son of the mathematician Richard Courant.

Courant was a fundamental contributor to modern large-scale particle accelerator concepts. His most notable discovery was his 1952 work with Milton S. Livingston and Hartland Snyder on the Strong focusing principle, a critical step in the development of modern particle accelerators like the synchrotron, though this work was preceded by that of Nicholas Christofilos. Courant was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics five times, each nomination being joint with Livingston, but they were never so honored.

Nicholas Christofilos
Nicholas Constantine Christofilos (Greek: Νικόλαος Χριστοφίλου; December 16, 1916 – September 24, 1972) was a Greek physicist. The Christofilos effect, a type of electromagnetic shielding, is named after him.
Privilege (computing)
In computing, privilege is defined as the delegation of authority to perform security-relevant functions on a computer system. A privilege allows a user to perform an action with security consequences. Examples of various privileges include the ability to create a new user, install software, or change  kernel functions.

Users who have been delegated extra levels of control are called privileged.  Users who lack most privileges are defined as unprivileged, regular, or normal users.

Principle of least privilege
In information security, computer science, and other fields, the Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP), also known as the Principle of Minimal Privilege (PoMP) or the Principle of Least Authority (PoLA), requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module (such as a process, a user, or a program, depending on the subject) must be able to access only the information and resources that are necessary for its legitimate purpose.