hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Dornan
Peter John Dornan FRS (born 1939) is a British physicist, and professor at Imperial College London where he advised his PhD student Ann Heinson.

On 18 September 2009, a festschrift was held in his honor. Dornan was awarded the Rutherford Medal and Prize in 2002.

Ann Heinson
Ann Heinson is an American high-energy particle physicist known for her work on single top quark physics.  She established and led the DØ Single Top Group which first published experimental observations of the top quark, and in 1997 she co-authored a paper which laid the foundations for further investigation into the top quark.
Trongisvágsfjørður
Trongisvágsfjørður is a fjord on the island of Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands. There are four villages around the fjord. Furthest east on the northern side of the fjord is Froðba, in the bottom of the fjord is Trongisvágur. In between Trongisvágur and Froðba is Tvøroyri, the largest of these villages. South of Trongisvágur in a bay is Øravík, a part of Øravík is called Øravíkarlíð, it is located close to Trongisvágur and not visible from Øravík. These villages are in the Municipality of Tvøroyri.

Suðuroy
Suðuroy (pronounced: [ˈsuːwʊrɔi] or [ˈsuːri], lit. ‘South Island’, Danish: Suderø) is the southernmost of the Faroe Islands. The island covers 163.7 square kilometres (63.2 sq mi). In 2018 the population was 4,601. Suðuroy region (sýsla) comprises this island and Lítla Dímun, the next isle northward in the Faroes, which is uninhabited.
Cristiane (footballer)
Cristiane Rozeira de Souza Silva (born 15 May 1985), known as Cristiane ([kɾisˈtʃjɐni]), is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Flamengo and the Brazilian women's national team. A prolific forward, she was part of Brazil's silver medal-winning teams at the 2004 and 2008 Olympic football tournaments. In total she has participated in five FIFA Women's World Cups and four Olympics.

At club level, Cristiane has played professionally in France, Germany, Sweden, the United States, Russia and South Korea, as well as in her native Brazil.

Copa Libertadores Femenina
The CONMEBOL Libertadores Femenina, commonly known as "Copa Libertadores Femenina" (Portuguese: Copa/Taça Libertadores Feminina), is an annual international women's association football club competition in South America. It is organized by the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). The competition started in the 2009 season in response to the increased interest in women's football. It is the only CONMEBOL club competition for women.

The tournament is the women's version of the Copa Libertadores, which has been organized since 1960.

Since 2019, clubs in the men's Libertadores are required to have a women's team: failure to do so leads to rejection of their entry. This change was made in order to strengthen the women's competition.
Piaggio P.166
The Piaggio P.166 is an Italian twin-engine pusher-type utility aircraft developed by Piaggio Aero. The aircraft model name was Portofino, and is also known as Albatross in South African military service.

Ansett Australia
Ansett Australia, originally Ansett Airways, was a major Australian airline group based in Melbourne, Victoria. The company operated domestically within Australia, and from the 1990s, to destinations in Asia. Following 65 years of operation, the airline went into administration in 2001 following a financial collapse and subsequent liquidation in 2002, subject to a deed of company arrangement. Ansett's last flight touched down on 5 March 2002.
Right-wing politics
Right-wing politics or rightism is the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position in favour of conservatism, natural law, economics, authority, property, religion, or tradition. Hierarchy and inequality may be seen as natural results of traditional social differences or competition in market economies.

Right-wing politics are considered the counterpart to left-wing politics, and the left–right political spectrum is the most common political spectrum. The right includes social conservatives and fiscal conservatives, as well as laissez-faire economic policies. "Right" and "right-wing" have been variously used as compliments and pejoratives describing neoliberal and conservative economic and social ideas.

Opposition to immigration
Opposition to immigration is a political position that seeks to restrict or ban legal and illegal immigration. In the modern sense, immigration refers to the entry of people from one state or territory into another state or territory in which they are not citizens. Illegal immigration occurs when people immigrate to a country without having official permission to do so. Opposition to immigration ranges from calls for various immigration reforms, to proposals to completely restrict immigration, to calls for repatriation of existing immigrants.
Aptullah Kuran
Aptullah Kuran (4 December 1927 – 1 April 2002) was a Turkish historian of architecture and professor of Ottoman architecture, as well as the founding president of Boğaziçi University. After graduation from Robert College, he received his bachelor's and master's degrees in architecture at Yale University and his doctoral degree in history of art at Ankara University. In 1957, he joined the Faculty of Architecture at the Middle East Technical University as a faculty member. Between 1962 and 1968, he served as the dean of the METU Faculty of Architecture. He returned to Robert College in 1968, and became the first president of Boğaziçi University when Robert Yüksek was converted into a public university by Turkish authorities in 1971.

Aptullah Kuran is also the father of Duke University professor Timur Kuran, Suzan Kuran, and Melisa Kuran Fowler.

Timur Kuran
Timur Kuran is a Turkish-American economist and political scientist currently serving as a professor of Economics and Political Science, and Gorter Family Professor of Islamic Studies at Duke University. His research lies at the intersection of economics, political science, history, and law.
Archduke Louis of Austria
Archduke Louis, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia and Prince of Tuscany (Louis Joseph Anton Johann; 13 December 1784 – 21 December 1864), was the 15th child of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

Maria Luisa of Spain
Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain (Spanish: María Luisa, German: Maria Ludovika; 24 November 1745 – 15 May 1792) was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Tromantadine
Tromantadine is an antiviral medicine used to treat herpes simplex virus. It is available in a topical gel under trade names Viru-Merz and Viru-Merz Serol. Its performance is similar to aciclovir.

Like rimantadine, amantadine, and adapromine, tromantadine is a derivative of adamantane.

Adamantane
Adamantane is an organic compound with formula C10H16 or, more descriptively, (CH)4(CH2)6. Adamantane molecules can be described as the fusion of three cyclohexane rings. The molecule is both rigid and virtually strain-free. Adamantane is the most stable isomer of C10H16. The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms in the adamantane molecule is the same as in the diamond crystal. This similarity led to the name adamantane, which is derived from the Greek adamantinos (relating to steel or diamond). It is a white solid with a camphor-like odor. It is the simplest diamondoid.

The discovery of adamantane in petroleum in 1933 launched a new field of chemistry dedicated to the synthesis and properties of polyhedral organic compounds. Adamantane derivatives have found practical application as drugs, polymeric materials, and thermally stable lubricants.
Columbia City, Indiana
Columbia City is a city in Columbia Township, Whitley County, Indiana, United States. The population was 9,892 at the 2020 Census, up from 8,750 at the 2010 Census, estimated to be 10,064 in 2023. The city is the county seat of Whitley County, and is the largest community therein. It is part of the Fort Wayne MSA.

Fort Wayne metropolitan area
As of March 2020, the Fort Wayne–Huntington–Auburn Combined Statistical Area (CSA), or Fort Wayne Metropolitan Area, or Northeast Indiana is a federally designated metropolitan area consisting of eight counties in northeast Indiana (Adams, Allen, DeKalb, Huntington, Noble, Steuben, Wells, and Whitley counties), anchored by the city of Fort Wayne.

The CSA is further divided into one metropolitan area (Fort Wayne) and six Micropolitan Areas (Angola, Auburn, Bluffton, Decatur, Huntington, Kendallville). As of the 2020 census, the CSA had a population of 645,409. The Fort Wayne metropolitan area is part of the Northern Indiana region, containing about 2.3 million people, and is considered part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis, which contains an estimated 59 million people.
LogFS
LogFS is a Linux log-structured and scalable flash file system, intended for use on large devices of flash memory. It is written by Jörn Engel and in part sponsored by the CE Linux Forum.

LogFS was introduced in the mainline Linux kernel in version 2.6.34, released on May 16, 2010. It was removed from the codebase during the merge window of version 4.10, in December 2016, because it was "unmaintained for years and seemingly unused".

Flash file system
A flash file system is a file system designed for storing files on flash memory–based storage devices.  While flash file systems are closely related to file systems in general, they are optimized for the nature and characteristics of flash memory (such as to avoid write amplification), and for use in particular operating systems.
Second Battle of Sirte
The Second Battle of Sirte (on 22 March 1942) was a naval engagement in the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Gulf of Sidra and south-east of Malta, during the Second World War. The escorting warships of a British convoy to Malta held off a much more powerful squadron of the Regia Marina (Italian Navy). The British convoy was composed of four merchant ships, escorted by four light cruisers, one anti-aircraft cruiser and 17 destroyers. The Italian force comprised a battleship, two heavy cruisers, one light cruiser and ten destroyers.

HMS Penelope (97)
HMS Penelope was an Arethusa-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy. She was built by Harland & Wolff (Belfast, Northern Ireland); her keel was laid down on 30 May 1934. She was launched on 15 October 1935, and commissioned 13 November 1936. She was torpedoed and sunk by the German U-boat U-410 near Naples with great loss of life on 18 February 1944. On wartime service with Force K, she was holed so many times by bomb fragments that she acquired the nickname "HMS Pepperpot".
Osceola, Indiana
Osceola is a town in Penn Township, St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, Osceola had a population of 2,590. It is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Mishawaka, Indiana
Mishawaka (/ˌmɪʃəˈwɑːkə/) is a city on the St. Joseph River, in St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States. The population was 51,063 as of the 2020 census. Its nickname is "the Princess City". Mishawaka is a principal city of the South Bend-Mishawaka metropolitan area.
Gauteng (National Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Gauteng (Zulu: eGoli; Xhosa: iRhawuti) is one of the nine multi-member constituencies of the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa, the national legislature of South Africa. The constituency was established as Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging in 1994 when the National Assembly was established by the Interim Constitution following the end of Apartheid. It was renamed Gauteng in 1999. It is conterminous with the province of Gauteng. The constituency currently elects 48 of the 400 members of the National Assembly using the closed party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 general election it had 6,381,220 registered electors.

Xitlhangoma Mabasa
Xitlhangoma Mabasa (born 2 February 1951), also known as Bob Mabaso, is a South African politician and former trade unionist from Gauteng. He represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2008 to 2019, serving the Gauteng constituency from 2009 onwards.

Before entering the National Assembly, Mabasa served in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature from 1994 to 2006, latterly as Gauteng's Member of the Executive Council for Social Development from 2004 to 2006. He is also a former leader of the South African Communist Party (SACP) in Gauteng.
Tanesato Castle
Tanesato Castle (種里城, Tanesato jō) was a Muromachi period Japanese castle located in what is now the town of Ajigasawa, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of far northern Japan. The site has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site, collectively with Hirosaki Castle and Horikoshi Castle as the "Tsugaru clan Castle Sites" since 2002.

Ajigasawa, Aomori
Ajigasawa (鰺ヶ沢町, Ajigasawa-machi) is a town located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2025, the town had an estimated population of 8,250 in 4282 households, and a population density of 24 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 343.08 square kilometres (132.46 sq mi).
Sterrebeek
Sterrebeek is a town in the municipality (gemeente) of Zaventem, and a suburb on the east-northeast side of Brussels.

Brussels American School (the United States Department of Defense Education Activity school) is located in Sterrebeek.

The official language is Dutch (as everywhere in Flanders).

Brussels Elementary High School
Brussels Elementary High School, also known as Brussels Unit School, and formerly Brussels American School (BAS), is an elementary through high school of the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA).

It opened in October 1967. It is located near Brussels, Belgium on a 17-acre (69,000 m2) area in Sterrebeek, part of the municipality of Zaventem, Flemish Brabant.

The school serves as a DoDEA school for all US military and DOD civilian sponsor dependents, who are allowed to enroll their children tuition free. Non-DOD persons, including U.S., Belgian, and other citizens, are required to pay tuition. It celebrated its fortieth anniversary in late 2007. It also takes European students from Partnership for Peace (PfP) countries of NATO, to include Macedonia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia etc. Its proximity to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) helps serve as an opportunity for American children to enroll in a school taught to familiarize them with the American school system.
Berezivka Raion
Berezivka Raion (Ukrainian: Березівський район) is a raion (district) in Odesa Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Berezivka. Population: 104,969 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Odesa Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Berezivka Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Ivanivka, Mykolaivka, and Shyriaieve Raions, as well as part of Lyman Raion, were merged into Berezivka Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 32,760 (2020 est.).

Ivanivka Raion, Odesa Oblast
Ivanivka Raion (Ukrainian: Іванівський район) was a raion (district) in Odesa Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Ivanivka. The Velykyi Kuialnyk flowed through the district. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Ivanivka Raion was merged into Berezivka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 25,743 (2020 est.).
Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.
Lemuel Cornick Shepherd Jr. (February 10, 1896 – August 6, 1990) was a General in the United States Marine Corps, 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps, Navy Cross recipient, veteran of World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.

As Commandant, he secured a place on the Joint Chiefs of Staff, gaining parity for the Marine Corps with the other military services.

Battle of Belleau Wood
The Battle of Belleau Wood (1–26 June 1918) was a major battle that occurred during the German spring offensive in World War I, near the Marne River in France. The battle was fought by the U.S. 2nd (under the command of Major General Omar Bundy) and 3rd Divisions along with French and British forces against an assortment of German units including elements from the 237th, 10th, 197th, 87th, and 28th Divisions.

In United States Marines Corps lore dating back to the battle, the nickname Teufel Hunden (Devil Dogs) was given to the Marines by German troops. The battle has become a key component of Marine Corps history.
Adolf Ehrnrooth
Adolf Erik Ehrnrooth (9 February 1905, in Helsinki – 26 February 2004, in Turku) was a Finnish general who served during the Winter and Continuation wars. He also competed in two equestrian events at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Mannerheim Cross
The Mannerheim Cross (Finnish: Mannerheim-risti, Swedish: Mannerheimkorset), officially Mannerheim Cross of the Cross of Liberty (Finnish: Vapaudenristin Mannerheim-risti, Swedish: Frihetskorsets Mannerheimkors) is the most distinguished Finnish military honour. A total of 191 people received the cross between 22 July 1941 and 7 May 1945, with six of the recipients receiving a cross twice. Available in two classes, the 1st class medal has only been awarded twice, with both recipients also having received the medal in the 2nd class. Although still active de jure, no crosses have been awarded since 1945. Tuomas Gerdt, the last living Knight of the Mannerheim Cross, died on 1 November 2020.
Snake River physa snail
The Snake River physa snail, scientific name Physella natricina, is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae. This species is endemic to Idaho in the United States.

The Snake River physa snail Haitia (Physa) natricina Taylor, 1988 is found in the middle Snake River of southern Idaho.

Physa
Physa is a genus of small, left-handed or sinistral, air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Physinae of the family Physidae.

These snails eat algae, diatoms and detritus.
Caterham 7
The Caterham 7 (or Caterham Seven) is a super-lightweight sports car produced by Caterham Cars in the United Kingdom. It is based on the Lotus Seven, a lightweight sports car sold in kit and factory-built form by Lotus Cars, from 1957 to 1972.

After Lotus ended production of the Lotus Seven, Caterham bought the rights to the design, and today make both kits and fully assembled cars. The modern Caterham Seven is based on the Series 3 Lotus Seven, though developed to the point that no part is the same as on the original Lotus.

Various other manufacturers offer a sports car in a similar basic configuration, but Caterham owns various legal rights to the Lotus Seven design and name. The company has taken legal action in the past in order to protect those rights, although in South Africa, it lost its case against Birkin on the basis that it never obtained the claimed rights from Lotus.

Ford Duratec engine
Ford Duratec engine is a line of engines used by Ford of Europe and United States for the company's range of gasoline-powered I3, I4, I5 and V6 passenger car engines. The first Duratec engine was co-designed by Ford and Porsche and introduced as the Duratec V6 in the 1993 Ford Mondeo.

Ford would subsequently brand other gasoline engines unrelated to the original V6 with the Duratec name. The Ford Zeta engine, Ford Sigma engine and Ford Cyclone engine all carry the Duratec name, but are otherwise unrelated to each other or the original 1993 Duratec V6. The ambiguous use of the name is similar to Ford's use of the Zetec for the previous generation of gasoline engines, the Duratorq name for diesel engines, and EcoBoost for turbocharged gasoline engines.
Nicolás Mascardi
Nicolás Mascardi (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlas masˈkaɾði]; Rome, 1625 – † Patagonia, 1673) was a Ligurian Jesuit priest and missionary in South America in the 17th century. He arrived to Chile in 1651. While active in Araucanía he gained notoriety for the exorcisms he practised among the Mapuches.

In 1662 Mascardi went on an expedition south of Chiloé Archipelago, where Jesuits had been established for about fifty years, arriving to Guaitecas Archipelago where he built a church.

In 1669 he crossed the Andes from Chiloé Archipelago and established a mission on the shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake which lasted until his death. From the mission he and his fellow Jesuits engaged in missionary activity among the Poyas, Pehuenches and Puelches. He died in 1673 after being attacked by native Poyas during one of his exploration trips in the southern Andes. Villa Mascardi and Mascardi Lake in present-day Argentina are named after him.

Poya people
The Poya were a subgroup of Indigenous Tehuelche people living in the Andes of Llanquihue and Palena Province as well as on the southern shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake in present-day Argentina. In the 17th century, the Jesuit priest Nicolás Mascardi divided the Poya language into two linguistically distinct groups: the one spoken by the "comarcanos" of Nahuelhuapi and another one spoken further east, reaching to the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
Parosmia
Parosmia (from the Greek παρά pará and ὀσμή osmḗ "smell") is a dysfunctional smell detection characterized by the inability of the brain to correctly identify an odor's "natural" smell. Instead, the natural odor is usually transformed into an unpleasant aroma, typically a "burned", "rotting", "fecal", or "chemical" smell. There can also be rare instances of a pleasant odor called euosmia. The condition was rare and little-researched until it became relatively more widespread since 2020 as a side effect of COVID-19.

Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste.

In humans, it occurs when an odor binds to a receptor within the nasal cavity, transmitting a signal through the olfactory system. Glomeruli aggregate signals from these receptors and transmit them to the olfactory bulb, where the sensory input will start to interact with parts of the brain responsible for smell identification, memory, and emotion.

There are many different things which can interfere with a normal sense of smell, including damage to the nose or smell receptors, anosmia, upper respiratory infections, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
Aldgate tube station
Aldgate (/ˈɔːldɡeɪt/) is a London Underground station near Aldgate in the City of London. It is on the Circle line between Liverpool Street and Tower Hill stations. It is also the eastern terminus of the Metropolitan line and the next station towards west is Liverpool Street. The station is in London fare zone 1.

Aldgate was opened in 1876 with its entrance on Aldgate High Street. A station named Aldgate East opened nearby eight years later and is served today by the District and Hammersmith & City lines.

Aldgate
Aldgate (/ˈɔːlɡeɪt/) was a gate in the former defensive wall around the City of London.

The gate gave its name to Aldgate High Street, the first stretch of the A11 road, that takes that name as it passes through the ancient, extramural Portsoken Ward of the City of London.

There is an ancient Aldgate Ward inside the line of the former gate and wall, and a similarly ancient Portsoken Ward that lies just outside of it. However the use of the Aldgate and Portsoken Wards as everyday place names is very limited.

Consequently, the use of Aldgate as a place name is informal, and typically applies to the Portsoken Ward, especially the central area around Aldgate High Street.

Aldgate High Street is 2.3 miles (3.7 km) east of Charing Cross.