hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yakima Valley SunDome
The Yakima Valley SunDome is a 6,195-seat multi-purpose arena in Yakima, Washington, United States. Located on the Central Washington State Fairgrounds, it hosts sporting events, ice shows, horse shows, circuses, boxing and concerts, as well as trade shows and conventions. The stadium opened on January 16, 1990, and cost $14.8 million to construct. The building was designed by architecture firm Loofburrow & Associates.

The building features a 90-foot (27 m) dome and was the second in the world to use a concrete sectional roof design (24 segments), the first being Seattle's Kingdome. It has 56,000 square feet (5,200 m2) of space and can accommodate two basketball courts laid end-to-end. The SunDome initially had 5,200 permanent seats with expanded capacity of up to 8,000 for concerts.

Yakima, Washington
Yakima (/ˈjækɪmɑː/ or /ˈjækɪmə/) is a city in and the county seat of Yakima County, Washington, United States, and the state's 11th most populous city. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 96,968 and a metropolitan population of 256,728. The unincorporated suburban areas of West Valley and Terrace Heights are considered a part of greater Yakima.

Yakima is about 60 miles (100 kilometers) southeast of Mount Rainier in Washington. It is situated in the Yakima Valley, a productive agricultural region noted for apple, wine, and hop production. As of 2011, the Yakima Valley produces 77% of all hops grown in the United States. The name Yakima originates from the Yakama Nation Native American tribe, whose reservation is located south of the city.
ARV Super2
The ARV Super2 (Air Recreational Vehicle) is a British two-seat light aircraft with strut-braced shoulder wings and tricycle landing gear.  Designed by Bruce Giddings, the Super2 was available either factory-built or as a kit. It was intended to be both a cost-effective trainer and an affordable aircraft for private owners. Later called the "Opus", it gained US FAA Light-Sport Aircraft approval in February 2008.

About 35 aircraft were produced in the 1980s before the Isle of Wight-based company went into liquidation.  Subsequently, there have been a number of attempts to  restart production, all unsuccessful, of which the most recent was by Opus Aircraft. In November 2013,  Opus Aircraft announced that its assets had been auctioned off successfully, adding: "We hope to see our plans continued and to see the all-aluminum plane flying by 2015." Since 2015, little has been heard of the ARV and no resumption of production has occurred.

Hewland AE75
The Hewland AE75 is a lightweight  aircraft engine that was manufactured in the mid-1980s by Hewland in Maidenhead, United Kingdom.  The engine, a two-stroke inverted inline triple of 750 cc (46 cu in) displacement, is liquid-cooled and yields 75 hp (56 kW)
Amboiva
Amboiva is a town and commune in the municipality of Seles, province of Cuanza Sul, Angola. It is roughly 55 kilometres east of Uku and 80 kilometres southeast of Gabela. It lies at an altitude of 1244 metres.

The People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) and Cuban troops took the town on 1 February 1976 during the Angolan Civil War.

Cuanza Sul Province
Cuanza Sul Province ("South Cuanza"; Umbundu: Kwanza Kombuelo Volupale) is a province of Angola. It has an area of 55,660 square kilometres (21,490 sq mi) and a population of 1,881,873. Sumbe is the capital of the province. Dom Francisco Inocêncio de Sousa Coutinho founded the province in 1769 as Novo Redondo ("New Redondo").
Fedor Ivanovich Bylinkin
Fedor Ivanovich Bylinkin was an aircraft designer and builder in Russia before World War I.  He designed and built a monoplane in 1910 similar to the Antoinette VI which succeeded in reaching 200 m of flight.  A later biplane design proved a failure.

Bylinkin had earlier joined with Igor Sikorsky to design a biplane featuring a 15 hp Anzani engine in pusher configuration.  This design was later rebuilt to address a lack of power, installing a 25 hp Anzani in a tractor configuration.  This design, dubbed the BIS-2, was flown for the first time by Sikorsky on 3 June 1910.  Maximum distance achieved by this design was 600 m and maximum flight time was 42 seconds.

Antoinette VI
The Antoinette VI was an early French aircraft, flown in 1909. It was a development of the Antoinette IV, its major technological advance being that it was fitted with true ailerons, whereas the former aircraft had ailerons mounted as separate surfaces on the trailing edges of the wings. Nevertheless, Levavasseur was not satisfied with this innovation and later modified the aircraft to use a wing warping system similar to that fitted to the Antoinette V.
Cumberland Valley Railroad
The Cumberland Valley Railroad (reporting mark CVRR) was an early railroad in Pennsylvania, United States, originally chartered in 1831 to connect with Pennsylvania's Main Line of Public Works. Freight and passenger service in the Cumberland Valley in south central Pennsylvania from near Harrisburg to Chambersburg began in 1837, with service later extended to Hagerstown, Maryland, and then extending into the Shenandoah Valley to Winchester, Virginia. It employed up to 1,800 workers.

During the American Civil War the line had strategic importance in supplying Union troops in the Shenandoah Valley. It also ran the first passenger sleeping car in the U.S. on the Chambersburg-Harrisburg route in 1839. The Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) gained control of the CVRR as early as 1859, and officially purchased it on June 2, 1919. The PRR's successor, the Penn Central, closed all railway facilities in Chambersburg in 1972 and its successor, Conrail, abandoned major pieces of the line in 1981.

Lurgan Branch
The Lurgan Branch is a railroad line owned and operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway (reporting mark NS) in the U.S. states of Pennsylvania and Maryland. The line is part of the NS Harrisburg Division and runs from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania southwest to Hagerstown, Maryland along former Reading Company (reporting mark RDG) and Pennsylvania Railroad (reporting mark PRR) lines. Its northeast end is at a junction with the Harrisburg Line, Pittsburgh Line, Royalton Branch, and Amtrak's Keystone Corridor (Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line); its southwest end is at the beginning of the Hagerstown District. At Lemoyne it intersects the Enola Branch.
Zenkoku Kōkō Soccer
Zenkoku Kōkō Soccer (全国高校サッカー, "High School Soccer Tournament of Japan Cup") is a soccer simulation game, developed by Affect and published by Yojigen, which was released exclusively in Japan in 1994. It features teams from the Japanese high schools. These teams are located on the islands in addition to the mainland.

Two sequels were spawned: Zenkoku Kōkō Soccer 2 and Zenkoku Kōkō Soccer Senshuken '96.

Yojigen
Yojigen (株式会社 四次元) was a Japanese company who published video games. The most notable titles published by the company were the manga-based Hana no Keiji: Kumo no Kanata ni and Super Snakey (known in North America as WildSnake), a game endorsed by Alexey Pajitnov.
Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans
The Saline Royale (Royal Saltworks) is a historical complex at Arc-et-Senans in the department of Doubs commissioned during the reign of Louis XVI (1774-92) and designed by Claude-Nicolas Ledoux.

The complex is listed as the World Heritage Site since 1982. It is notable for being the first major industrial architecture achievement implementing the Enlightenment ideals by improving architectural quality to match those of palaces or religious buildings.

For salt production the Saline Royale used firewood from nearby Forest of Chaux to boil the brine. It was also connected with saltworks of Salins-les-Bains (added in an extension to World Heritage Site in 2009) by a 21 km pipeline carrying the brine.

Open-pan salt making
Open-pan salt making is a method of salt production wherein salt is extracted from brine using open pans.

Virtually all European domestic salt is obtained by solution-mining of underground salt formations, although some is still obtained by the solar evaporation of seawater.
Shah-Ali-Banda
Shah Ali Banda is a neighbourhood in Hyderabad, India. It forms a part of the Old City, Hyderabad in an area located close to Charminar. It is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the Charminar. It is also home to famous Princess Esra hospital. Sitara Medical Centre, notable for providing free medical service to the needy is also situated here.

The Shah Ali Banda Clock Tower is located here.

Old City (Hyderabad, India)
The Old City of Hyderabad is a walled city of Hyderabad, Telangana, India, located on the banks of the Musi River built by Qutb Shahi sultan Muhammed Quli Qutb Shah in 1591 AD. There used to be a wall surrounding the Old City, most of which is destroyed. Mubariz Khan, the Mughal governor of Deccan Subah, had fortified the city in 1712 and was completed by Nizam of Hyderabad.

At the centre of Old City is the Charminar, and region contains major neighbourhoods of the city including Shah Ali Banda, Yakutpura, Dabirpura, Afzal Gunj, Moghalpura, Malakpet and Amberpet. Today, Hyderabad has expanded far beyond the boundaries of the Old City, and the crowded Old City remains the symbolic heart of cosmopolitan Hyderabad along with HITEC City. The area is a tourism hotspot, and the heart of Telangana culture.
Saint-Jean-d'Iberville station
Saint-Jean-d'Iberville station (French: Gare du Grand Tronc à Saint-Jean-d'Iberville，pronounced [ɡaʁ dy ɡʁɑ̃ tʁɔ̃ a sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ dibɛʁvil]) is a former railway station in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada. The station was built in 1890 by the Grand Trunk Railway and is located at 31 Frontenac Street.

Until September 3, 1966 the Boston & Maine's Montreal to Boston and New York Ambassador made daily stops at the station. The company's night train, Washingtonian southbound to Washington and Montrealer northbound to Montreal made nightly stops at the station until September 6, 1966. The station was omitted from stops when Amtrak reinstated the Montrealer in 1972.

It was recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada on June 15, 1976. Today it operates as a town tourism office.

Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ syʁ ʁiʃ(ə)ljø], lit. 'Saint-Jean on Richelieu') is a city in eastern Montérégie in the Canadian province of Quebec, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Montreal, roughly halfway between Montreal and the Canada–United States border with the state of Vermont. It straddles the west and east banks of the Richelieu River (which is accompanied by a canal) at the northernmost navigable point of Lake Champlain. As of December 2019, the population was 98,036. The city has experienced steady growth, up from the official 2021 Census count of 97,873 residents. It hosts the annual International Balloon Festival of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, a hot air balloon festival which attracts thousands of tourists
Leo Bersani
Leo Bersani (April 16, 1931 – February 20, 2022) was an American academic, known for his contributions to French literary criticism and queer theory. He was known for his 1987 essay "Is the Rectum a Grave?" and his 1995 book Homos.

Bersani was born in the Bronx, New York City. He studied at Harvard University, graduating in 1952 with a bachelor’s in Romance languages, and with a Ph.D. in comparative literature in 1958. He taught at Wellesley College and Rutgers University before joining University of California, Berkeley in 1972, where he'd remain for the rest of his career, assuming emeritus status in 1996. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992. He married his partner, Sam Geraci, in 2014, and died at a care facility under the care of Hospice in Peoria, Arizona, on February 20, 2022 at the age of 90 with Geraci at his side.

Queer theory
Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory which is broadly associated with the study and theorization of gender and sexual practices that exist outside of heterosexuality, and which challenge heteronormativity. Following social constructionist developments in sociology, queer theorists are often critical of what they consider essentialist views of sexuality and gender. Instead, they study those concepts as social and cultural phenomena, often through an analysis of the categories, binaries, and language in which they are said to be portrayed.

It emerged in the early 1990s out of queer studies (formerly often known as gay and lesbian studies) and women's studies. As an academic discipline, queer theory itself was developed by American feminist scholars Judith Butler and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Other scholars associated with the development of queer theory are French post-structuralist philosopher Michel Foucault, and American feminist author Gloria Anzaldúa.
Rothenburger Straße station
Rothenburger Straße station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U2 and U3. When traveling in a  southerly direction it is the last station to be served by both U2 and U3. The station is connected to the Nürnberg Rothenburgerstraße station of the Nuremberg S-Bahn.

Nürnberg Rothenburgerstraße station
Nürnberg Rothenburgerstraße station (German: Bahnhof Nürnberg Rothenburgerstraße), also rendered as Nürnberg Rothenburger Straße, is a railway station in the city of Nuremberg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the standard gauge Nuremberg–Bamberg line of Deutsche Bahn. The station is connected to the Rothenburger Straße station of the Nuremberg U-Bahn.
Mikulov Castle
Mikulov Castle (German: Nikolsburg) is a castle in the town of Mikulov in South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. The castle is on a site of historic Slavonic settlement, where the original stone castle was erected at the end of the 13th century.

The end of World War II saw the castle destroyed by a fire whose origins are unclear.

During the war, the anthropological collection from the Moravské zemské muzeum had been moved to Mikulov Castle for safekeeping purposes. Many of the most important discoveries from Předmostí u Přerova, Dolní Věstonice and the Mladeč caves were destroyed by the fire.

Mladeč Caves
The Mladečské Caves (Czech: Mladečské jeskyně) are a cave complex in the municipality of Mladeč in the Czech Republic. It is located in the Třesín National Nature Monument within the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area.

The complex labyrinth of fissure corridors and caves can be found inside the calcite hill of Třesín. The underground spaces are  decorated with stalactites, stalagmites and sinters. Its highlights include "Nature's Temple" and the "Virgin Cave".
The Pyramid of the Sun God
The Pyramid of the Sun God (German: Die Pyramide des Sonnengottes is a 1965 West German and Italian western film adventure directed by Robert Siodmak and starring Lex Barker, Gérard Barray and Michèle Girardon. It is based on a book by Karl May, and was part of a boom of Karl May adaptations during the decade. It follows on from The Treasure of the Aztecs (1965), also directed by Siodmak and featuring substantially the same cast.

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Veljko Despotovic and Hertha Hareiter and Otto Pischinger. Rio Grande

Robert Siodmak
Robert Siodmak (/siˈɒd.mæk/; 8 August 1900 – 10 March 1973) was a German film director, screenwriter, and producer. His career spanned some 40 years, working extensively in the United States and France, as well as in his native country.

Though he worked in many genres, he was best known as a skilled craftsman of thrillers and film noir, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director for The Killers (1946). Later in his career, he won the Golden Bear for Die Ratten (1955) and the German Film Award for Best Director for The Devil Strikes at Night (1957).

His brother was writer and filmmaker Curt Siodmak.
Mcvaughia
Mcvaughia is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. Mcvaughia contains only one species, Mcvaughia bahiana, a shrub occurring  in open shrubby vegetation (caatinga) on sandy soils of lowland Bahia, Brazil. It is related to Burdachia  and Glandonia.

The genus was named in honor of the American taxonomist Rogers McVaugh (1909–2009).

Rogers McVaugh
Rogers McVaugh (May 30, 1909 – September 24, 2009) was a research professor of botany and the UNC Herbarium's curator of Mexican plants. He was also Adjunct Research Scientist of the Hunt Institute in Carnegie Mellon University and a Professor Emeritus of botany in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Nina Cassian
Nina Cassian (pen name of Renée Annie Cassian-Mătăsaru; 27 November 1924, in Galați – 14 April 2014, in New York City) was a Romanian poet, children's book writer, translator, journalist, accomplished pianist and composer, and film critic. She spent the first sixty years of her life in Romania until she moved to the United States in 1985 for a teaching job. A few years later Cassian was granted permanent asylum and New York City became her home for the rest of her life. Much of her work was published both in Romanian and in English.

Daniel Ioniță (poet)
Daniel Ioniță (born 16 January 1960) is an Australian poet and translator of Romanian origin, who has been published bilingually in Australia, USA, and Romania. Ioniță is known for his writing, especially poetry and poetry in translation, as well as for his cultural activity leading the Australian-Romanian Academy for Culture.
Cortegada
Cortegada is a municipality in the province of Ourense, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of O Ribeiro. It has a population of 1,407 (2004) and an area of 27 km2 (10 sq mi). It contains the abandoned hamlet of A Barca.

A Barca
A Barca is an abandoned hamlet located in the municipality of Cortegada, Ourense, Galicia, Spain. It is located near the Minho River and the Portuguese border. It consists of twelve houses and measures around 15,000 square metres (18,000 sq yd).
Jean Henri Hassenfratz
Jean Henri Hassenfratz (20 December 1755 – 26 February 1827) was a French chemist, physics professor, mine inspector, and participant in the French Revolution.

In 1794, Hassenfratz took part (with Monge) in the creation of the École Polytechnique (first known as École centrale des travaux publics). Hassenfratz became its first professor of physics, a position he held until 1815, when he was succeeded by Alexis Petit (a former child prodigy and Polytechnique alumni who would soon discover the Dulong–Petit law, in 1819).

Alexis Thérèse Petit
Alexis Thérèse Petit (French: [pəti]; 2 October 1791 – 21 June 1820) was a French physicist.

Petit is known for his work on the efficiencies of air- and steam-engines, published in 1818 (Mémoire sur l’emploi du principe des forces vives dans le calcul des machines). His well-known discussions with the French physicist Sadi Carnot, founder of thermodynamics, may have stimulated Carnot in his reflexions on heat engines and thermodynamic efficiency. The Dulong–Petit law (1819) is named after him and his collaborator Pierre Louis Dulong.
Brachycephaloidea
Brachycephaloidea (or Terrarana) is a large monophyletic unranked clade of direct-developing frogs including more than 1,100 species, comprising about 15% of named frog species. Brachycephaloids inhabit the New World tropics, subtropics, and Andean regions. The group has undergone extensive changes in its taxonomy thanks to multiple molecular phylogenetic analyses in recent years. Until 2008, these species were placed in a single, large family (Brachycephalidae).

The diverse Brachycephaloidea contains several notable taxa. It includes the smallest known vertebrates, in the genus Brachycephalus (family Brachycephalidae): B. pulex and B. dacnis. It also holds the most specious vertebrate genus, Pristimantis (family Strabomantidae).

The cladogram below illustrates the relationships between families in the Brachycephaloidea, following Fouquet et al. (2024):

Direct development
Direct development is a concept in biology.  It refers to forms of growth to adulthood that do not involve metamorphosis.  An animal undergoes direct development if the immature organism resembles a small adult rather than having a distinct larval form.  A frog that hatches out of its egg as a small frog undergoes direct development.  A frog that hatches out of its egg as a tadpole does not.

Direct development is the opposite of complete metamorphosis.  An animal undergoes complete metamorphosis if it becomes a non-moving thing, for example a pupa in a cocoon, between its larval and adult stages.
Amel
Amel (German pronunciation: [aːml̩]; French: Amblève, French pronunciation: [ɑ̃blɛv]) is a Belgian municipality in the Walloon province of Liège, and is part of the German-speaking Community of Belgium (German: Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft Belgiens). On 1 January 2013, the municipality of Amel had a total population of 5,466. The total area is 125.15 km2 which gives a population density of 44 inhabitants per km2.

The name Amel is of Celtic origin and means water. The river Amblève (German: Amel) flows through the municipality.

Amel is the birthplace of Karl-Heinz Lambertz, former leader (Minister-President) of the community executive of the German-speaking community of Belgium.

Amblève (river)
The Amblève (French, French pronunciation: [ɑ̃blɛv]) or Amel (German, German pronunciation: [ˈaːml̩]) is a 93-kilometre (58 mi) long river in eastern Belgium in the province of Liège. It is a right tributary of the river Ourthe. It rises near Büllingen in the High Fens or Hoge Venen (Dutch), Hohes Venn (German), and Hautes Fagnes (French), close to the border with Germany.

Tributaries of the Amblève are the rivers Chefna, Ninglinspo, Warche, Eau Rouge, Salm and Lienne. The Amblève flows through the towns of Amel, Stavelot, Trois-Ponts, Remouchamps, and Aywaille. The Amblève joins the river Ourthe in Comblain-au-Pont.
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Lahaul and Spiti district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It was first notified on 14 May 2007 and received final notification in June 2013 under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Lahaul and Spiti district
Lahaul and Spiti district is a high-altitude district in Himachal Pradesh, north India. This entirely mountainous district consists of two geographically distinct as well as formerly separate political-administrative units, called Lahaul (Tibetan: གར་ཞ་, Wylie: gar zha) and Spiti (Tibetan: སྤི་ཏི་, Wylie: spi ti; or Tibetan: སྤྱི་ཏི, Wylie: spyi ti). Lahaul and Spiti is the largest district by area in Himachal Pradesh, and one of the least populous districts in the whole of India. Kyelang (also spelled as 'Keylong') in Lahaul is the headquarters of the whole district, while Spiti also has a subdivisional headquarters, at Kaza.

Lahaul and Spiti is fast becoming a top weekend getaway destination in Himachal, due to improved road access via Atal Tunnel and rising investment in resorts and adventure activities.
Chit fund
A chit fund is a type of rotating savings and credit association system practiced in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and other Asian countries. Chit fund schemes may be organized by financial institutions, or informally among friends, relatives, or neighbours. In some variations of chit funds, the savings are for a specific purpose. Chit funds are often microfinance organizations.

However, massive scams such as Saradha Group financial scandal, Rose Valley financial scandal, and others have taken place by exploiting the potential of scamming in chit fund.

Rose Valley financial scandal
The Rose Valley financial scandal, also referred to as the Rose Valley chit fund scam, is a substantial financial fraud case and alleged political scandal that took place in Northeastern India.  The scam, exposed in April 2013 after the raids from the Enforcement Directorate, centers around the Tripura-based Rose Valley Group, a conglomerate accused of operating unauthorized collective investment schemes and Ponzi schemes, extracting over ₹15,000 crore from millions of depositors predominantly across eastern India.