hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George MacRitchie Low
George MacRitchie Low FRSE PFA (1849-1922) was a Scottish actuary. He twice served as President of the Faculty of Actuaries 1900 to 1903 and was recalled during the First World War serving a second term 1915 to 1919.

Faculty of Actuaries
The Faculty of Actuaries in Scotland was the professional body representing actuaries in Scotland. The Faculty of Actuaries was one of two actuarial bodies in the UK, the other was the Institute of Actuaries, which was a separate body in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. While the Faculty of Actuaries and the Institute of Actuaries were separate institutions, they worked very closely together, and the professional qualifications and professional standards for actuaries were identical in each of them. On 25 May 2010, voting members of the Faculty who took part in a ballot voted to merge the Faculty with the Institute of Actuaries, thus creating the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries which came into being on 1 August 2010, superseding the Faculty of Actuaries which ceased to exist on that date.
FreeDOS
FreeDOS (formerly PD-DOS) is a free software operating system for IBM PC compatible computers. It intends to provide a complete MS-DOS-compatible environment for running legacy software and supporting embedded systems. FreeDOS can be booted from a floppy disk or USB flash drive and is designed to run well under virtualization or x86 emulation.

The FreeDOS project began under Jim Hall in 1994, and the first stable version was released in 2006. Unlike most versions of MS-DOS, FreeDOS is composed of free software, licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. However, other packages that form part of the FreeDOS project include non-GPL software considered worthy of preservation, such as 4DOS, which is distributed under a modified MIT License.

4DOS
4DOS is a command-line interpreter by JP Software, designed to replace the default command interpreter COMMAND.COM in MS-DOS and Windows. It was written by Rex C. Conn and Tom Rawson and first released in 1989. Compared to the default, it has a large number of enhancements.

4OS2 and 4NT are similar products that replace cmd.exe in OS/2 and Windows NT respectively.
Nakap Nalo
Nakap Nalo is a Bharatiya Janata Party politician from Arunachal Pradesh. He has been elected in Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election in 2019 from Nacho constituency as candidate of Bharatiya Janata Party. He is the minister of Tourism and Transport & Civil Aviation departments in Second Pema Khandu ministry from 2019.

Nacho Assembly constituency
Nacho is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh state in India. It comprises Nacho, Taksing, Limeking and Siyum circles of Upper Subansiri district, and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2024 it is represented by Nakap Nalo of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
2017 Buckinghamshire County Council election
The 2017 Buckinghamshire County Council election took place on 4 May 2017 as part of the 2017 local elections in the United Kingdom. All 49 councillors were elected from electoral divisions which returned one county councillor each by first-past-the-post voting for a four-year term of office, due to expire in 2021.

The Conservative Party retained an overall control on the council, winning 41 of the 49 seats on the council. Of the remaining 9 councillors, there were four Liberal Democrats, three Independents and one Labour. UKIP lost all six of their seats.

This was the last Buckinghamshire County Council election.

Due to the replacement of Buckinghamshire County Council by Buckinghamshire Council in 2020, the successor election to this election is the 2021 Buckinghamshire Council election.

2021 Buckinghamshire Council election
The 2021 Buckinghamshire Council election took place on 6 May 2021, alongside nationwide local elections. The election was originally due to take place in May 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

It was the inaugural election to Buckinghamshire Council, a unitary authority created on 1 April 2020 as part of structural changes to English local government. Buckinghamshire Council replaced Buckinghamshire County Council, last elected in 2017.

A total of 147 councillors were elected, with 49 wards electing 3 councillors each. In order to secure a majority, a party needed to secure 74 seats. The Conservative Party took an overall majority with 113 seats; the Liberal Democrats came second, with 15 seats.
Carolina Benedetti
Carolina Benedetti Velasquez is a Colombian mathematician and educator. She researches combinatorial objects, algebraic structures and geometry. She is co-Executive Director of Mathematical Circles Colombia.

Math circle
A math circle is an extracurricular activity intended to enrich students' understanding of mathematics. The concept of math circle came into being in the erstwhile USSR and Bulgaria, around 1907, with the very successful mission to "discover future mathematicians and scientists and to train them from the earliest possible age".
Midnight ('68 EP)
Midnight is the debut EP from the American noise rock band '68. The album was originally self-released by the band online in December 2013 as a 7" vinyl record. Lead singer and guitarist Josh Scogin estimated that the original pressing of 1,500 copies sold out in about 8 or 9 hours. It was reissued by No Sleep Records on April 1, 2014 with new cover art paying homage Nirvana's 1989 debut album Bleach.

'68 (band)
'68 is an American noise rock duo from Atlanta, Georgia. Formed in 2013 by guitarist and vocalist Josh Scogin—formerly of the hardcore punk band the Chariot—and drummer Michael McClellan, the band currently comprises Scogin and drummer Nikko Yamada.
Champion International
Champion International was a large paper and wood products producer based since 1980 in Stamford, Connecticut. It was acquired by International Paper in 2000.

From 1893 it had been based in Hamilton, Ohio, expanding to plants in Texas and Western North Carolina by the 1930s. It was the largest coated paper manufacturer in the country through World War II, but struggled in the decades after that with industrial, labor and environmental issues.

Canton, North Carolina
Canton is the second largest town in Haywood County, North Carolina, United States. It is located about 17 miles (27 km) west of Asheville and is part of that city's metropolitan area. The town is named after the city of Canton, Ohio. The population was 4,422 at the 2020 census.
Stavchany, Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast
Stavchany (Ukrainian: Ставчани; Romanian: Stăuceni) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Stavchany rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Stavchany belonged to Kitsman Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Kitsman Raion was split between Chernivtsi Raion and Vyzhnytsia Raion, with Stavchany being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.

Chernivtsi Raion
Chernivtsi Raion (Ukrainian: Чернівецький район) is a raion (district) of Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It was created on 18 July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. Most of its territory is located in the historical region of Bukovina, while the southeastern parts are in Bessarabia, and the Hertsa region. The center of the raion is the city of Chernivtsi. Four abolished raions, Hertsa, Hlyboka, Storozhynets, and Zastavna Raions, part of abolished Kitsman and Novoselytsia Raions, as well as the city of Chernivtsi, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance, were merged into Chernivtsi Raion. Population: 648,643 (2022 estimate).
Paramasivan Fathima
Paramasivan Fathima is a  2025 Indian Tamil-language horror thriller film written, directed and produced by Esakki Karvannan under his Lakshmi Creations banner, starring Vimal and Chayadevi in the lead roles alongside M. S. Bhaskar, Cool Suresh, Sriranjani and others in supporting roles. The film was certified as "A" (adults only) by the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC). Paramasivan Fathima released in theatres on 6 June 2025 to negative reviews from critics.

Deepan Chakravarthy
Dheepan Chakkravarthy is an Indian playback singer. He is the son of the first playback singer in the Tamil film industry, "Isai Thendral" Thiruchi Loganathan and grandson of actress C. T. Rajakantham. His elder brother T. L. Maharajan is also a playback singer.
17th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 17th Infantry Regiment is a United States Army infantry regiment. An earlier regiment designated the 17th Infantry Regiment was organized on 11 January 1812, but it was consolidated with four other regiments as the 3rd Infantry in the post-war reorganization of the army following the War of 1812, due to the shattering losses it sustained at the River Raisin. The current 17th Infantry was constituted as the 17th Regiment of Infantry on 3 May 1861.

U.S. Army Combat Arms Regimental System
The Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS), was the method of assigning unit designations to units of some of the combat arms branches of the
United States Army, including Infantry, Special Forces, Field Artillery, and Armor, from 1957 to 1981. Air Defense Artillery was added in 1968.

CARS was superseded by the U.S. Army Regimental System (USARS) in 1981, although the term "Regiment" was never appended to the official name or designation of CARS regiments, and was not added to USARS regiments until 2005.
Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, informally known as the Lister Institute, was established as a research institute (the British Institute of Preventive Medicine) in 1891, with bacteriologist Marc Armand Ruffer as its first director, using a grant of £250,000 from Edward Cecil Guinness of the Guinness family. It had premises in Chelsea in London, Sudbury in Suffolk, and Elstree in Hertfordshire, England. It was the first medical research charity in the United Kingdom. It was renamed the Jenner Institute (after Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccine) in 1898 and then, in 1903, as the Lister Institute in honour of the great surgeon and medical pioneer, Dr Joseph Lister. In 1905, the institute became a school of the University of London.

Edward Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh
Edward Cecil Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh, KP, GCVO, FRS (10 November 1847 – 7 October 1927), known between May 1885 and January 1891 as Sir Edward Cecil Guinness, 1st Baronet, was an Anglo-Irish businessman and philanthropist. A member of the prominent Guinness family, he was the head of the family's eponymous brewing business, making him the richest person in Ireland. A prominent philanthropist, he is best remembered for his provision of affordable housing in London and Dublin through charitable trusts.
Walhonding, Guernsey County, Ohio
Walhonding is an unincorporated community and coal town in southeastern Valley Township, Guernsey County, Ohio, United States.

Walhonding was a former mining community and home to two mine shafts known as walhonding mine no. 1 and walhonding mine no.2. Today little remains reflecting this history besides a large slate pile and a few abandoned mining homes. The roads in this area reflect the names of former residents many of which were of Czech and Slovak ancestry.

Guernsey County, Ohio
Guernsey County is a county located in the east-central portion of the  U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,438. Its county seat and largest city is Cambridge. It is named from the Isle of Guernsey in the English Channel, from which many of the county's early settlers emigrated.

Guernsey County comprises the Cambridge, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Columbus-Marion-Zanesville, OH Combined Statistical Area.
One Step Ahead (Split Enz song)
"One Step Ahead" is a song by New Zealand art rock group Split Enz. It was released November 1980 as the lead single from their sixth studio album Waiata (1980).

After Split Enz's dissolution in 1984, singer and composer Neil Finn continued to perform "One Step Ahead" with his next group Crowded House, in particular, the group performed the song live at their 1987 concert in Daytona known as Spring Break '87.

The single's B-side, "In the Wars" was recorded in the Waiata recording sessions, but it was not originally released as a track on the album, though it was later appended as track twelve in the album's 2006 re-release.

Spring Break '87
Spring Break '87 is a 1987 concert performed by Australian rock group Crowded House at Daytona Beach, Florida, United States.

The concert was recorded and released by MTV for the United States, and featured all of Crowded House's singles that had been released up to that point. It also featured a small handful of songs from the then forthcoming album Temple of Low Men, such as "When You Come" and "Better Be Home Soon". Crowded House also played two songs by Split Enz, and a cover of the Hunters & Collectors hit song "Throw Your Arms Around Me".
Kandwal
Kandwal is a village and union council of Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil, Jhelum District in Punjab province of Pakistan. Having a population of about 33,000, it is the last village of district Jhelum and touches two other  districts of Punjab, Khoushab and Chakwal.

Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil
Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil (Urdu/Punjabi:  تحصیل پنڈ دادن خان) is a subdivision of Jhelum District, in Punjab, Pakistan. The tehsil's headquarter is the town of Pind Dadan Khan, located on the bank of River Jhelum, about 22 kilometres from the M2 motorway.  The tehsil is named after the town of Pind Dadan Khan, which serves as its headquarters. It lies along the Salt Range and is home to the historic Khewra Salt Mine, one of the oldest and largest salt mines in the world. The area is known for its natural resources, agriculture, and role in connecting southern parts of Punjab through regional road networks.
Romanovsky District, Altai Krai
Romanovsky District (Russian: Рома́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the krai. The area of the district is 2,082 square kilometers (804 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Romanovo. Population:  13,179 (2010 census); 15,412 (2002 census); 16,111 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Romanovo accounts for 42.7% of the district's total population.

Romanovo, Romanovsky District, Altai Krai
Romanovo (Russian: Романово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Romanovsky District of Altai Krai, Russia. Population:  5,624 (2010 Census); 6,243 (2002 Census); 6,174 (1989 Soviet census).
Motherwell railway station
Motherwell railway station serves the town of Motherwell, in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is on the West Coast Main Line (WCML) and is served also by Argyle Line trains of the Glasgow suburban railway network. It is the penultimate stop on the WCML northbound before Glasgow Central. The station has four through platforms and is adjacent to Motherwell Shopping Centre.

Motherwell
Motherwell (Scots: Mitherwall, Scottish Gaelic: Tobar na Màthar) is a town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, around 12 miles (19 km) south east of Glasgow. It has a population of around 32,120. Historically in the parish of Dalziel and part of Lanarkshire, Motherwell is the headquarters for North Lanarkshire Council. Geographically the River Clyde separates Motherwell from Hamilton to the west whereas the South Calder Water separates Motherwell from Carfin to the north-east and New Stevenston and Bellshill towards the north.

Motherwell is also geographically attached to Wishaw and the two towns form a large urban area in North Lanarkshire, with both towns having similar populations and strong community ties.
Scott Detrow
Scott Detrow (/ˈdɛtroʊ/) is an American radio journalist who is the co-host of All Things Considered, NPR's afternoon newsmagazine. He previously hosted the weekend broadcast of All Things Considered. Before that he served as an NPR White House correspondent and co-hosted The NPR Politics Podcast.

All Things Considered
All Things Considered (ATC) is the flagship news program produced by National Public Radio (NPR). It was the first news program on NPR, premiering on May 3, 1971. It is broadcast live on NPR affiliated stations in the United States, and worldwide through several different outlets. All Things Considered and Morning Edition were the highest rated public radio programs in the United States in 2002 and 2005. The show combines news, analysis, commentary, interviews, and special features, and its segments vary in length and style. ATC airs weekdays from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time (live) or Pacific Time (recorded with some updates; in Hawaii it airs as a fully recorded program) or from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Central Time. ATC's weekend counterpart airs on Saturdays and Sundays.
Muh Sheng Museum of Entomology
The Muh Sheng Museum of Entomology (traditional Chinese: 木生昆蟲博物館; simplified Chinese: 木生昆虫博物馆; pinyin: Mùshēng Kūnchóng Bówùguǎn) is a museum of entomology (especially butterflies, used for handicrafts) in Puli Township, Nantou County, Taiwan.

Puli, Nantou
Puli Township (Chinese: 埔里鎮; pinyin: Pǔlǐ zhèn; Wade–Giles: P'u3-li3 chen4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Po͘-lí-tìn) is an urban township in Nantou County, Taiwan. The township is located within the Puli Basin in central Taiwan.
West Flemish
West Flemish (West-Vlams or West-Vloams or Vlaemsch (in French Flanders), Dutch: West-Vlaams, French: flamand occidental) is a collection of Low Franconian varieties spoken in western Belgium and the neighbouring areas of France and the Netherlands.

West Flemish is spoken by about a million people in the Belgian province of West Flanders, and a further 50,000 in the neighbouring Dutch coastal district of Zeelandic Flanders (200,000 if including the closely related dialects of Zeelandic) and 10–20,000 in the northern part of the French department of Nord. Some of the main cities where West Flemish is widely spoken are Bruges, Kortrijk, Ostend, Roeselare and Ypres in Belgium and Hazebrouck, Cassel, Halluin, and Bailleul in France.

West Flemish is listed as a "vulnerable" language in UNESCO's online Red Book of Endangered Languages.

Ypres
Ypres (/ˈiːprə/ EE-prə, French: [ipʁ] ⓘ;  Dutch: Ieper [ˈipər] ⓘ; West Flemish: Yper; German: Ypern [ˈyːpɐn] ⓘ) is a Belgian city and municipality in the province of West Flanders. Though 
the Dutch name Ieper is the official one, the city's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres/Ieper and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants.

During the First World War, Ypres (or "Wipers" as it was commonly known by the British troops) was the centre of the Battles of Ypres between German and Allied forces.
Prometheus: The Poem of Fire
Prometheus: The Poem of Fire, Op. 60 (1910), is a tone poem by the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin for piano, orchestra, optional choir, and clavier à lumières or "Chromola" (a color organ invented by Preston Millar, in fact rarely featured in performances of the piece, including those during Scriabin's lifetime).  Prometheus is only loosely based on the myth of Prometheus.  It premiered in Moscow on 2 March 1911.  A typical performance lasts about 20 minutes.

Symphonic poem
A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source. The German term Tondichtung (tone poem) appears to have been first used by the composer Carl Loewe in 1828. The Hungarian composer Franz Liszt first applied the term Symphonische Dichtung to his 13 works in this vein, which commenced in 1848.
The Merchants of Venus
"The Merchants of Venus" is a science fiction novella by American writer Frederik Pohl and published in 1972 as part of the collection The Gold at the Starbow's End.

It is a satire of runaway free market capitalism. It also features the first appearance of the Heechee.

Heechee Saga
The Heechee Saga, also known as the Gateway series, is a series of science fiction novels and short stories by Frederik Pohl. The Heechee are an advanced alien race that visited the Solar System hundreds of millennia ago and then mysteriously disappeared. They left behind bases containing artifacts, including working starships, which are discovered and exploited by humanity.
Hoklo people
The Hoklo people (Chinese: 福佬人; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ho̍h-ló-lâng) are a Han Chinese sub-ethnic group who speak Hokkien, a Southern Min language, or trace their ancestry to southeastern Fujian in China, and known by various related terms such as Banlam people (閩南人; Bân-lâm-lâng), Minnan people, Fujianese people or more commonly in Southeast Asia as the Hokkien people (福建人; Hok-kiàn-lâng).  The Hokkien people are found in significant numbers in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and the United States. The Hokkien people have a distinct culture and architecture, including Hokkien shrines and temples with tilted sharp eaves, high and slanted top roofs, and finely detailed decorative inlays of wood and porcelain. The Hokkien language, which includes Taiwanese Hokkien, is the mainstream Southern Min, which is partially mutually intelligible to other Southern Min varieties such as Teochew, Zhongshan, Haklau, and Zhenan.

Teochew people
The Teochew (/tiˈoʊt͡ʃuː/), Teo-Swa, or Chaoshanese are an ethnic group historically native to the Chaoshan region in south China who speak the Teochew language. Today, ethnic Teochew people live throughout Chaoshan and Hong Kong, but also outside China in Southeast Asia, including in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The community can also be found in diasporas around the world, including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and France.
William Henry Pyne
William Henry Pyne (1769 in London – 29 May 1843 in London) was an English writer, illustrator and painter, who also wrote under the name of Ephraim Hardcastle. He trained at the drawing academy of Henry Pars in London. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1790. He specialized in picturesque settings including groups of people rendered in pen, ink and watercolour. Pyne was one of the founders of the Royal Watercolour Society in 1804.

Royal Watercolour Society
The Royal Watercolour Society is a British institution of painters working in watercolours. The Society is a centre of excellence for water-based media on paper, which allows for a diverse and interesting range of approaches to the medium of watercolour. Its members, or associates, use the post-nominal initials RWS and ARWS (associate member). They are elected by the membership, with typically half a dozen new associates joining the Society each year.
Jing County, Anhui
Jing County or Jingxian (simplified Chinese: 泾县; traditional Chinese: 涇縣; pinyin: Jīng Xiàn) is a county in the south of Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Xuancheng. It has a population of 360,000 and an area of 2,059 km2 (795 sq mi). The government of Jing County is located in Jingchuan Town.

Jing County has jurisdiction over eleven towns and four townships.

The county is known for its production of Xuan paper and its historic villages.

Xuan paper
Xuan paper, Shuen paper, or rice paper, is a kind of paper originating in ancient China used for writing and painting. Xuan paper is renowned for being soft and fine-textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting.