hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naji Abumrad
Naji N. Abumrad (born 1944) is a Lebanese-American surgeon, currently the John L. Sawyers Professor of Surgery, and formerly the Paul W. Sanger Professor from 1984 to 1992, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Abumrad graduated with a B.S. in Biology and an M.D. in Medicine at the American University of Beirut in 1971. In 2014, he was elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

In 2020, the singer Dolly Parton donated one million dollars towards research into a COVID-19 vaccine in honor of Abumrad – the pair having become friends after she was treated at Vanderbilt for minor injuries resulting from an October 2013 automobile accident.

He is the father of public radio host Jad Abumrad.

Jad Abumrad
Jad Nicholas Abumrad (Arabic: جاد نيكولاس أبومراد; born April 18, 1973) is an American radio host, composer, and producer.

He is the creator of the syndicated public radio program and podcast Radiolab, which he hosted alongside Robert Krulwich.

Abumrad is a Distinguished Professor of Communication of Science and Technology at Vanderbilt University.
Terry Fox station
Terry Fox station is a bus stop on Ottawa, Ontario's transitway served by OC Transpo buses. It is located in the western transitway section and is the main western terminal of routes 61 and 62 for all trips not extended to/from Stittsville.

It is located adjacent the Kanata Centrum shopping centre at Kanata Avenue and Earl Grey Drive, just east of the Highway 417 exit at Terry Fox Drive. The station entered service in September 2004 with construction still having been underway at that time; it officially opened on February 22, 2005. Before the station's construction, a small terminal was located at Kanata Town Centre, located south of Highway 417 on Katimavik Road.

The station also contains a Park & Ride facility to supplement the often-full Eagleson station.

Terry Fox Drive
Terry Fox Drive (Ottawa Road #61) is a major arterial road in Ottawa, Ontario named for the late Canadian humanitarian, activist, and athlete Terry Fox. Located in the suburb of Kanata in the city's west end, the road is a major route for residents traveling to/from the north end of Kanata. Starting in the Kanata North Technology Park at an intersection with Herzberg Road, it crosses March Road and Innovation Drive and bisects an old-growth forest, before heading south past Kanata Centrum. It crosses Highway 417, passes Katimavik-Hazeldean and Glen Cairn, and ends at Eagleson Road, where it continues east as Hope Side Road. Terry Fox Drive is a four lane arterial between just north of Richardson Side Road and just south of Winchester Drive, and a two lane undivided road elsewhere.
Sunshu Ao
Sunshu Ao (孫叔敖, c. 630 – c. 593 BCE) was a Chinese hydraulic engineer and politician. He was a court minister serving the administration of King Zhuang of Chu during the Eastern Zhou dynasty. During his governmental career, Sunshu Ao was given notice by King Zhuang, who had him promoted to the rank of Prime Minister in the State of Chu. Sunshu Ao was entrusted with many endeavors of the state, and because of a large dam, reservoir, and irrigation project he had established, he is also credited as the first known hydraulic engineer of China.

King Zhuang of Chu
King Zhuang of Chu (Chinese: 楚莊王; pinyin: Chǔ Zhuāng Wáng), personal name Xiong Lü, was a monarch of the Chu state. He was one of the "Five Hegemons" who attempted to wrest control of China during the Spring and Autumn period.
Robert Seton-Watson
Robert William Seton-Watson FBA FRHistS (20 August 1879, in London – 25 July 1951, in Skye), commonly referred to as R. W. Seton-Watson and also known by the pseudonym Scotus Viator, was a British political activist and historian who played an active role in encouraging the breakup of Austria-Hungary and the emergence of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia during and after the First World War.

He was the father of two eminent historians, Hugh, who specialised in 19th-century Russian history, and Christopher, who worked on 19th-century Italy.

Christopher Seton-Watson
Christopher Seton-Watson MC* (London, England, August 6, 1918 – London, England, September 8, 2007) was a British soldier and historian specializing in political science and Italian history. He taught at Oxford University, and was the founder of the Association for the Study of Modern Italy.
The China Study
The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss and Long-term Health is a book by T. Colin Campbell and his son, Thomas M. Campbell II. The book argues for health benefits of a whole food plant-based diet. It was first published in the United States in January 2005 and had sold over one million copies as of October 2013, making it one of America's best-selling books about nutrition.

Plant-based diet
A plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods. It encompasses a wide range of dietary patterns that contain low amounts of animal products and high amounts of fiber-rich plant products such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs and spices. Plant-based diets may also be vegan or vegetarian, but do not have to be, as they are defined in terms of high frequency of plants and low frequency of animal food consumption.
Miss America 2013
Miss America 2013 was the 86th Miss America pageant, held at PH Live at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada, on January 12, 2013.

Laura Kaeppeler of Wisconsin crowned Mallory Hagan of New York as her successor at the end of the event.

Miss America
Miss America is an annual competition that is open to women from the United States between the ages of 18 and 28. Originating in 1921 as a "bathing beauty revue", the contest is judged on competition segments with scoring percentages: Private Interview (30%) – a 10-minute press conference-style interview with a panel of judges, On Stage Question (10%) – answering a judge's question onstage, Talent or HER Story (20%) – a performance talent or 90 second speech, Health and Fitness (20%) – demonstrated physical fitness onstage dressed in athletic wear, and Evening Gown (20%) – modeling evening-wear onstage.

The previous year's titleholder crowns the winner. Miss America 2026 is Cassie Donegan of New York, who was crowned on September 7, 2025, at the Dr Phillips Center for the Performing Arts in Orlando, Florida.
C/1935 A1 (Johnson)
Johnson's Comet, formally designated as C/1935 A1, is a long-period comet with a 900-year orbit around the Sun. It is the first of four comets discovered by South African astronomer, Ernest Leonard Johnson.

Ernest Leonard Johnson
Ernest Leonard Johnson (1891–1977) was a South African astronomer and a former staff member of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa. He is known for the discovery of 18 asteroids between 1946–1951, as well as several comets. On 25 August 1949, he discovered 48P/Johnson, a periodic comet expected to pass no closer than 1.2 to 1.3 AU from our planet in 2025. Johnson received the "Donohoe Comet Medal" twice: 40  before retiring in 1956. He died in 1977.
John Duff (counterfeiter)
John Duff, born John McElduff,  or John Michael McElduff, because early court records referred to him as John Michael Duff (September 1759 or August 1760 – June 4, 1799 or 1805), was a counterfeiter, criminal gang leader, horse thief, cattle thief, hog thief, salt maker, longhunter, scout, and soldier who assisted in George Rogers Clark's campaign to capture the Illinois country for the American rebel side during the Revolutionary War.

Kaskaskia, Illinois
Kaskaskia is a village in Randolph County, Illinois, on the west side of the Mississippi River. The population of Kaskaskia was 21 in the 2020 United States census, making it the third-least populous incorporated community in Illinois behind Valley City (pop. 14) and Florence (pop. 17). Kaskaskia has an Illinois telephone area code (618) and a Missouri ZIP Code (63673). Its roads are maintained by Illinois Department of Transportation, and its few residents vote in Illinois elections. The town was evacuated in the Great Flood of 1993, which covered it with water more than 9 ft (3 m) deep.
Mönchenholzhausen
Mönchenholzhausen (German pronunciation: [ˈmœnçn̩hɔltsˌhaʊzn̩]) is a village and a former municipality in the Weimarer Land district of Thuringia, Germany. Since December 2019, it is part of the municipality Grammetal.

Grammetal
Grammetal (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁaməˌtaːl], lit. 'Gramme Valley') is a municipality in the Weimarer Land district, in Thuringia, Germany. It was created with effect from 31 December 2019 by the merger of the former municipalities of Bechstedtstraß, Daasdorf am Berge, Hopfgarten, Isseroda, Mönchenholzhausen, Niederzimmern, Nohra, Ottstedt am Berge and Troistedt, that had previously coöperated in the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Grammetal. It takes its name from the river Gramme, that flows through the municipality.
John Ostrander
John Ostrander (born April 20, 1949) is an American writer of comic books, including Suicide Squad, Grimjack and Star Wars: Legacy.

He co-created the Oracle persona for Barbara Gordon and created the second and modern version of the antihero/supervillain team the Suicide Squad, of which the films Suicide Squad (2016) and The Suicide Squad (2021) are based on.

Firestorm (character)
Firestorm is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.  He was created by Gerry Conway and Al Milgrom. Ronnie Raymond and Martin Stein first fused together to become Firestorm in Firestorm, the Nuclear Man #1 (March 1978). Jason Rusch debuted as a modern update of the character in Firestorm (vol. 3) #1 (July 2004), and was created by Dan Jolley and ChrisCross.

Firestorm was featured in The CW's Arrowverse, portrayed by Robbie Amell, Victor Garber, and Franz Drameh (as Jefferson Jackson) mainly in The Flash and Legends of Tomorrow. The character has also appeared in the series Super Friends, Batman: The Brave and the Bold, and Justice League Action.
Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark
Eleanor of Portugal (Portuguese: Leonor [liuˈnoɾ]; c. 1211 – 28 August 1231) was a Portuguese infanta, the only daughter of Afonso II of Portugal and Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal. Eleanor was Queen of Denmark by marriage to Valdemar the Young, son of Valdemar II, in 1229.

Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II Valdemarsen (28 June 1170 – 28 March 1241), later remembered as Valdemar the Victorious (Danish: Valdemar Sejr) and Valdemar the Conqueror, was King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241.

In 1207, Valdemar invaded and conquered Lybeck and Holstein, expanding the Danish territories. His involvement in the Norwegian succession led to the second Bagler War, temporarily settling the issue and making the Norwegian king owe allegiance to Denmark. He faced disputes with the papacy over the appointment of the Prince-Archbishop of Bremen and the Bishop of Schleswig. Valdemar's military campaigns included conflicts in northern Germany and the establishment of Danish rule in Estonia in 1219. His reign saw the adoption of a feudal system in Denmark and the creation of the Code of Jutland, which served as Denmark's legal code until 1683.
John A. Bross
John Armstrong Bross (February 21, 1826 – July 30, 1864) was a Colonel in the Union Army during the United States Civil War who died while leading the 29th Colored Infantry, part of the 88th Illinois Infantry, against Confederate troops. This occurred during the Battle of the Crater at the siege of Petersburg in Virginia. As he departed to fight in his final battle, Bross said: “If it is the will of Providence that I do not return, I ask no nobler epitaph than that I fell for my country at the head of this black and blue regiment.” (Blue, as in, for the Union army).

William Bross
William J. Bross (November 4, 1813 – January 27, 1890) was an American politician and publisher originally from the New Jersey–New York–Pennsylvania tri-state area.  He was also elected as the 16th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois.

He engaged in the lumber trade with his father before attending Williams College. He taught at schools for ten years, then headed west to Chicago, Illinois. He engaged in book-selling and publishing interests before co-founding the successful Democratic Press paper. Following the organization of the Republican Party in 1854, Bross became a staunch supporter of its political candidates. His support for Abraham Lincoln helped him win support for a bid as lieutenant governor. In 1865, he accompanied future Vice President of the United States Schuyler Colfax on a trip west to California, later publishing a book about the excursion.
2013 Holland Ladies Tour
The 2013 Boels Ladies Tour also known as the 2013 Holland Ladies Tour is the 16th edition of the Holland Ladies Tour, a women's cycle stage race in the Netherlands. The tour will be held from 3 September to 8 September, 2013. The tour has an UCI rating of 2.1.

The second stage of the tour is a team time trial and is the last team time trial of the 2013 season before the World Championships team time trial in Italy on 22 September.

2013 UCI Road World Championships – Women's team time trial
The Women's team time trial of the 2013 UCI Road World Championships took place on 22 September 2013 in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

The course of the race was 42.79 km (26.6 mi) from the town of Pistoia to the Nelson Mandela Forum in Florence.
Drip irrigation
Drip irrigation or trickle irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface.  The goal is to place water directly into the root zone and minimize evaporation.  Drip irrigation systems distribute water through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. Depending on how well designed, installed, maintained, and operated it is, a drip irrigation system can be more efficient than other types of irrigation systems, such as surface irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

As of 2023, 3% of the world's farmers use drip irrigation.

Fertigation
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers, used for soil amendments, water amendments and other water-soluble products into an irrigation system.

Chemigation, the injection of chemicals into an irrigation system, is related to fertigation. The two terms are sometimes used interchangeably however chemigation is generally a more controlled and regulated process due to the nature of the chemicals used. Chemigation often involves insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, some of which pose health threat to humans, animals, and the environment.
L'Assomption—Montcalm
L'Assomption—Montcalm (French pronunciation: [lasɔ̃psjɔ̃ mɔ̃kalm]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1935.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of L'Assomption and Montcalm ridings. It consisted of the Counties of Montcalm and L'Assomption.

The district was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed into Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm and Terrebonne ridings. Its only member of parliament was Paul-Arthur Séguin of the Liberal Party of Canada.

Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm
Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm (French pronunciation: [ʒɔljɛt lasɔ̃psjɔ̃ mɔ̃kalm]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Joliette and L'Assomption—Montcalm ridings.

It was initially defined to consist of:

the county of Joliette including the city of Joliette;

the county of L'Assomption; and

the county of Montcalm, except the township of Archambault.

In 1947, it was redefined to consist of:

the county of Joliette (except the township of Gouin), and the city of Joliette;

the county of L'Assomption and the towns of L'Assomption and Laurentides;

the county of Montcalm, except the townships of Brunet, Nantel and Pérodeau and the township of Archambault.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Berthier, Joliette, Labelle and Terrebonne ridings.
Pinkham Notch
Pinkham Notch (elevation 2032 ft. / 619 m) is a mountain pass in the White Mountains of north-central New Hampshire, United States. The notch is a result of extensive erosion by the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Wisconsinian ice age. Pinkham Notch was eroded into a glacial U-shaped valley whose walls are formed by the Presidential, Wildcat, and Carter-Moriah ranges. Due to the volatility of the area's climate and rugged character of the terrain, a number of rare or endemic ecosystems have developed throughout the notch.

The presence of the notch was recorded in 1784 by Jeremy Belknap, but its isolation prevented further development for several years. The construction of New Hampshire Route 16 has led to increased accessibility and a rise in tourism. Its location makes it a hub for hiking and skiing.

Appalachian Mountain Club
The Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC) is the oldest outdoor group in the United States. Created in Boston in 1876 to explore and conserve New Hampshire's White Mountains, it has expanded throughout the Northeastern United States with 12 chapters stretching from Maine to the District of Colombia. While the AMC no longer publishes their membership numbers, in 2024 they reported 65,729 people connected to the outdoors through a mix of outdoor recreation, particularly hiking and backpacking, with a focus on environmental activism. Additional activities include cross-country skiing, whitewater and flatwater canoeing and kayaking, sea kayaking, sailing, rock climbing and bicycle riding.  The Club has about 2,700 volunteers, who lead roughly 7,000 trips and activities per year. The organization publishes a number of books, guides, and trail maps.
Genea (fungus)
Genea is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. There are about 32 species in the genus that occur in North America and Europe.

With the help of a trained dog, scientists discovered 2024 that there are probably still some non-descript species. Furthermore, these truffles seem to disappear completely from the fir-dominated forests for years after a forest fire.

The genus was circumscribed by Italian mycologist Carlo Vittadini in 1831.

The genus name of Genea is in honour of Carlo Giuseppe Gené (1800 - 1847), who was an Italian scientist (Zoology) and Professor of Zoology at the
Turin Museum of Natural History.

Pyronemataceae
The Pyronemataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera and approximately 500 species. Phylogenetic analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family,  and suggest that the family is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed.
Flag of the Gambia
The national flag of The Gambia consists of three horizontal red, blue and green bands separated by two thin white stripes.  Adopted in 1965 to replace the British Blue Ensign defaced with the arms of the Gambia Colony and Protectorate, it has been the flag of the Republic of the Gambia since the country gained independence that year.  It remained unchanged throughout the Gambia's seven-year confederation with Senegal.

Coat of arms of the Gambia
The coat of arms of The Gambia has been in use since 18 November 1964. It depicts two lions holding an axe and hoe, supporting a shield that depicts another pair of hoe and axe, crossed. Atop the shield is set the heraldic helmet and an oil palm as a crest. At the bottom is the national motto: Progress – Peace – Prosperity. The Gambian coat of arms also appeared in the fly of the Gambian air force ensign.
St Ursula's College, Yeppoon
St Ursula's College, Yeppoon, is an independent, Catholic, Girls', secondary and Boarding School located in the town of Yeppoon, in Central Queensland, Australia. It is administered by the Queensland Catholic Education Commission, with an enrolment of 553 students and a teaching staff of 50, as of 2023. The school serves students from Year 7 to Year 12, and is the only all-girls, Catholic day and boarding secondary school in Central Queensland.

Presentation Sisters
The Presentation Sisters, officially the Sisters of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, are a religious institute of Roman Catholic women founded in Cork, Ireland, by Honora "Nano" Nagle in 1775. The sisters of the congregation use the postnominal initials PBVM.

The Presentation Sisters' mission is to help the poor and needy around the world. Historically, the Sisters focused their energies on creating and staffing schools that would educate young people, especially young women. Most of these schools are still in operation and can be found across the globe.

As of 2024, the Presentation Sisters are active in 19 countries: Australia, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Dominica, Ecuador, India, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Rupert Subdivision
The Rupert Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It was formerly part of the CSX Huntington East Division. It became part of the CSX Florence Division on June 20, 2016. The line runs from Rainelle, West Virginia, to Clearco, West Virginia, for a total of 20.8 miles (33.5 km). At its west end the track wye's off of the Sewell Valley Subdivision and at its east end the track comes to an end.

Sewell Valley Subdivision
The Sewell Valley Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It was formerly part of the CSX Huntington East Division. It became part of the CSX Florence Division on June 20, 2016.

The line runs from Meadow Creek, West Virginia, to Nallen, West Virginia, for a total of 43.6 miles (70.2 km). At its south end the line wye's off of the New River Subdivision and at its north end the track comes to an end.  The line has junctions with the Rupert Subdivision and the G&E Subdivision.
Netherlands Indies Civil Administration
The Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (Dutch: Nederlandsch-Indische Civiele Administratie, NICA) was a semi-military organisation, established in April 1944, tasked with the restoration of civil administration and law of Dutch colonial rule after the capitulation of the Japanese occupational forces in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) at the end of World War II.

In January 1946, its name was changed to the Allied Military Administration–Civil Affairs Branch (AMACAB). After the disengagement of the British South East Asia Command (SEAC) from the Indonesian Archipelago, the organization was renamed as the Temporary Administrative Service (Dutch: Tijdelijke Bestuursdienst, TB) in June 1946.

Van Mook–MacArthur Civil Affairs Agreement
The Van Mook–MacArthur Civil Affairs Agreement was an agreement between the United States and the Dutch government-in-exile. It concerned the jurisdiction over and administration of civil affairs in Dutch East Indies territory liberated by an Allied expeditionary force during WWII.