hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yale, Iowa
Yale is a city in Guthrie County, Iowa, United States. The population was 267 in the 2020 census, a decline from 287 in 2000. It is part of the Des Moines–West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Des Moines metropolitan area
The Des Moines metropolitan area, officially known as the Des Moines–West Des Moines, IA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is located at the confluence of the Des Moines River and the Raccoon River. Des Moines serves as the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Iowa. The metro area consists of six counties in central Iowa: Polk, Dallas, Warren, Madison, Guthrie, and Jasper. The Des Moines–Ames–West Des Moines Combined Statistical Area (CSA) encompasses the separate metropolitan area of Ames (Story County), and the separate micropolitan area of Boone (Boone County). The Des Moines area is a fast-growing metro area.
Land reform in ancient Egypt
Land ownership in ancient Egypt cycled between private, monarchical, and feudal. A strong king could take advantage of harsh situations such as famine, buy lands from private owners and make them a property of the crown. A weaker king would have to buy services from strong lords by giving them gifts of land.

Bakenranef, a king of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty who ruled Sais around 725 BCE, has been credited with initiating a land reform program. The tradition of Bakenranef as a great lawgiver dates back to the ancient historian Diodorus Siculus, but the brevity of Bakenranef's reign and the small geographical extent of the area he ruled, together with the indirect character of the historical evidence for it, has cast some doubt upon this.

Bakenranef
Bakenranef, known by the ancient Greeks as Bocchoris (Ancient Greek: Βόκχωρις, Bókkhōris; Latin: Bocchoris) or Bochchoris (Βόχχωρις, Bókhkhōris; Latin: Bochchoris) was briefly a king of the 24th Dynasty of Egypt. Based at Sais in the western Delta, he ruled Lower Egypt from c. 725 to 720 BC. Though the Ptolemaic period Egyptian historian Manetho considers him the sole member of the 24th Dynasty, modern scholars include his father Tefnakht in that dynasty. Although Sextus Julius Africanus quotes Manetho as stating that "Bocchoris" ruled for six years, some modern scholars again differ and assign him a shorter reign of only five years, based on evidence from an Apis Bull burial stela. It establishes that Bakenranef's reign ended only at the start of his 6th regnal year which, under the Egyptian dating system, means he had a reign of 5 full years. Bakenranef's prenomen or royal name, Wahkare, means "Constant is the Spirit of Re" in Egyptian.
Casa Magazines
Casa Magazines is a corner shop, located at 8th Avenue and 12th Street in the West Village, Manhattan. It is known for selling international fashion and design publications in print format among the more than 2,000 titles it carries.

The newsstand has been dubbed New York City's “magazine Mecca” and has been profiled in major media outlets due to its continued operation in spite of the decline of newspapers and other print media along with the store's survival during the COVID-19 recession in the United States.

West Village
The West Village is a neighborhood in the western section of the larger Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, New York City. The West Village is bounded by the Hudson River to the west and 14th Street to the north. The eastern boundary is variously cited as Greenwich Avenue, Seventh Avenue, or Sixth Avenue, while the southern boundary is either Houston Street or Christopher Street.

The West Village is part of Manhattan Community District 2, and is patrolled by the 6th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Residential property sale prices in West Village are among the most expensive in the United States, typically exceeding US$2,100 per square foot ($23,000/m2) in 2017.
Chinese finger trap
A Chinese finger trap (also known as a Chinese finger puzzle, Chinese thumb cuff, Chinese handcuffs, and similar variants) is a gag toy used to play a practical joke on unsuspecting children and adults. The finger trap is a simple puzzle that traps the victim's fingers (often the index fingers) in both ends of a small cylinder woven from bamboo. Despite the name, it is not of Chinese origin.

The initial reaction of the victim is often to pull their fingers outward, but this only tightens the trap. The key to escape the trap is to push the ends toward the middle, which enlarges the openings and frees the fingers.

Practical joke device
A practical joke device is a toy intended to confuse, frighten, or amuse individuals as a prank. Often, these toys are harmless facsimiles of otherwise potentially disgusting or terrifying objects, such as vomit or spilled nail polish. In other instances, they are created as seemingly harmless items designed to humorously malfunction in such a way as to confuse or harm the target of a prank. The devices are frequently sold in magic or specialty shops, purchased over the Internet, or crafted for oneself.  One notable joke device is the whoopee cushion.

Although commonly employed at events and gatherings, practical joke devices are sometimes seen in everyday life, for example as a mechanism of play by children, or among adult co-workers in a work environment. In addition to commercially manufactured practical joke devices, everyday objects have been converted into joke devices by purveyors of pranks.
Radius of gyration
The radius of gyration or gyradius of a body about the axis of rotation is defined as the radial distance to a point which would have a moment of inertia the same as the body's actual distribution of mass, if the total mass of the body were concentrated there. The radius of gyration has dimensions of distance [L] and is described by the SI unit metre.

Gyration tensor
In physics, the gyration tensor is a tensor that describes the second moments of position of a collection of particles

where  is the 
Cartesian coordinate of the position vector  of the 
 particle.  The origin of the coordinate system has been chosen such that

i.e. in the system of the center of mass . Where

Another definition, which is mathematically identical but gives an alternative calculation method, is:

Therefore, the x-y component of the gyration tensor for particles in Cartesian coordinates would be:

In the continuum limit,

where  represents the number density of particles at position .

Although they have different units, the gyration tensor is related to the 
moment of inertia tensor.  The key difference is that the particle positions are weighted by mass in the inertia tensor, whereas the gyration tensor depends only on the particle positions; mass plays no role in defining the gyration tensor.
Farringdon, Sunderland
Farringdon is a suburb of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. Originally a Monastic grange and manor estate for hundreds of years, Farringdon was rebuilt as a post-war council housing estate in the 1950s. It is approximately 3 mi (4.8 km) south of the city centre along the A690, close to Thorney Close, Silksworth, East Herrington, Gilley Law and Doxford Park. Electorally, the area comes under the St. Chad's ward of the City.

Thorney Close
Thorney Close is a suburb of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear in England.

It is located on the northern edge of the A690 (Durham Road), and borders with Grindon to the north and Herrington to the south, and the A19 to the west. Originally emerging as a Tudor era manor estate and orchard, Thorney Close was purchased by Sunderland authorities in the late 1940s and transformed into one of first its post-war housing states.
Billy Gram
Billy Gram (born February 16, 1970) is an American musician, screenwriter, actor, professional wrestler manager, color commentator and political activist. He is best known for appearances with the Philly punk-metal band Saints in Hell and his solo project Ghostdance Tribe. He has also appeared for the professional wrestling promotions Combat Zone Wrestling and IWA Mid South as the manager of Cult Fiction.

Tracy Smothers
Tracy Stanton Smothers (September 2, 1962 – October 28, 2020) was an American professional wrestler, best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling, Smoky Mountain Wrestling, the World Wrestling Federation, and Extreme Championship Wrestling.
ASC 820
Accounting Standards Codification 820 or ASC 820, is an American accounting standard in relation to Fair Value Measurements that was issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) of the United States in 2011.

It superseded the standard issued in September 2006, known as Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 157 which defined fair value, established a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. This statement was effective for financial reporting fiscal periods commencing after November 15, 2007 and the interim periods applicable.

The standard is also known as ASC Topic 820 and is related to the international accounting standard IFRS 13 that also covers Fair Value Measurement.

Accounting Standards Codification
In US accounting practices, the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) is the current single source of United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). It is maintained by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).
Archaeology of Wales
The archaeology of Wales (Welsh: Archaeoleg Cymru) is the study of human occupation within the country of Wales which has been occupied by modern humans since 225,000 BC, with continuous occupation from 9,000 BC. Analysis of the sites, artefacts and other archaeological data within Wales details its complex social landscape and evolution from Prehistoric times to the Industrial period. This study is undertaken by academic institutions, consultancies, charities as well as government organisations.

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW; Welsh: Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru; CBHC), established in 1908, is a Welsh Government sponsored body concerned with some aspects of the archaeological, architectural and historic environment of Wales. It is based in Aberystwyth.

The RCAHMW maintains and curates the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW), an archive with an online platform called Coflein. Professor Nancy Edwards is Chair of the Commissioners.
Ilansky District
Ilansky District (Russian: Ила́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the krai and borders with Abansky District in the north, Nizhneingashsky District in the east, Irbeysky District in the south, Irkutsk Oblast in the southeast, and with Kansky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,750 square kilometers (1,450 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ilansky. Population: 25,899 (2010 Census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 62.2% of the district's total population.

Nizhneingashsky District
Nizhneingashsky District (Russian: Нижнеинга́шский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the krai and borders Abansky District in the north, Irkutsk Oblast in the east and southeast, and Ilansky District in the south and west. The area of the district is 6,143 square kilometers (2,372 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Nizhny Ingash. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 33,439, with the population of Nizhny Ingash accounting for 22.7% of that number.
Herbert Booth
Herbert Henry Howard Booth (26 August 1862 – 25 September 1926) was a Salvation Army officer, the third son of five children to William and Catherine Booth (Mumford), who later went on to serve as an independent evangelist.  He oversaw the Limelight Department's development and he was the writer and director for Soldiers of the Cross.

Joseph Perry (cinematographer)
Joseph Henry Perry (5 August 1863 in Birmingham, Warwickshire, UK – 29 April 1943 in Sydney, Australia) was an English-born New Zealander and Australian cinematographer, entrepreneur and Salvation Army officer. Born to Joseph Perry Sr. and Eliza Hall, his sons Orizaba, Reginald and Stanley also went on to have careers in the Australian film industry.

Perry helped establish Australia's first film studio in Melbourne, and went on to make several early multi media presentations for the Army's Limelight Department including with Herbert Booth, Soldiers of the Cross.

Perry was responsible for capturing the first ever inauguration of a nation (Australia) recorded on film in history.

Perry initiated the setting up of Salvation Army Biorama companies with projection equipment and electric generators, to travel around the country giving presentations.
Sant'Agata la Vetere, Catania
37°30′25.2″N 15°5′00.5″E﻿ / ﻿37.507000°N 15.083472°E﻿ / 37.507000; 15.083472
Sant’Agata la Vetere is a Roman Catholic church located in the piazza of the same name (along via Santa Maddalena) in Catania, Sicily, southern Italy. East of church and nearby, but facing in the other direction, are two other churches dedicated in honor of St Agatha of Sicily: the church of Sant'Agata al Carcere and two blocks east on Piazza Stesicoro is Sant'Agata alla Fornace, now known San Biagio.

San Biagio, Catania
37°30′27″N 15°05′09″E﻿ / ﻿37.507444°N 15.085917°E﻿ / 37.507444; 15.085917

San Biagio, previously called Sant'Agata alla Fornace or La Fornace or Carcara  is a Neoclassical architecture, Roman Catholic parish church located at the western edge of the Piazza Stesicoro in the quartiere San Biagio della Calcarella, of Catania, Sicily, southern Italy. The church overlooks a portion of the ruins of the former Ancient Roman amphitheater, while behind the apse in succession are two other churches dedicated in honor of St Agatha of Sicily: the church of Sant'Agata al Carcere and two blocks west facing the opposite direction is Sant'Agata la Vetere.
Alberta Highway 27
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 27, commonly referred to as Highway 27, is a 151-kilometre (94 mi) east-west highway in central Alberta, Canada. It extends from Highway 22 in Sundre, through Olds along 46 Street, and intersects Highway 2 6 km (3.7 mi) east of Olds. It continues east where it intersects Highway 21 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Trochu where it branches south, passes Three Hills, and branches east 10 km (6.2 mi) to the south.  The highway ends at intersection of Highways 9 and 56, 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Morrin and 21 km (13 mi) north of Drumheller.

Alberta Highway 22
Highway 22, officially named Cowboy Trail, is a 584-kilometre (363 mi) highway in the Canadian province of Alberta. It generally parallels Highway 2, beginning in the foothills of southern Alberta at Highway 3 near Lundbreck Falls.  It proceeds north along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains passing through the foothills and ranch country to the aspen parkland of northern Alberta, ending at Highway 18 near Mayerthorpe.

Cowboy Trail continues south and east of Highway 22 by following Highway 3 to Pincher Creek, Highway 6 to Waterton Lakes National Park, and Highway 5 to Cardston.

Alberta Transportation is currently constructing a new interchange at the over-saturated intersection of Highways 22 and 1A in Cochrane.  There are also long-term plans for twinning from Bragg Creek to the north end of Cochrane, and the implementation of passing lanes near the highway's south end.
Regional fishery body
A regional fishery body (RFB) is a type of international organization that is part of an international  fishery agreement or arrangement to cooperate on the sustainable use and conservation of marine living resources (fish and marine mammals) and/or the development of marine capture fisheries whose such capacity has been recognized by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization under the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement.

These entities encompass a multifaceted array of functions, including the systematic gathering, analysis, and dissemination of pertinent data. Additionally, they serve as a pivotal hub for the coordination of fisheries management endeavors through collaborative schemes and mechanisms. Furthermore, these entities assume the role of a technical and policy forum, wherein deliberations transpire and decisions are rendered concerning matters germane to the conservation, management, development, and judicious utilization of fisheries resources.

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU) is a broad term that refers to fishing without the permission of a nation state, or in contravention of its laws and regulations; unreported or misreported fishing; and fishing that is conducted in an area with no applicable conservation or management measures.

IUU is an issue around the world. The fishing industry observers believe IUU occurs in most fisheries, and accounts for up to 30% of total catches in some important fisheries.
Billings Memorial Library
Billings Memorial Library is an academic library of the University of Vermont, located in Burlington, Vermont. Built in 1883, it was designed by American architect Henry Hobson Richardson to resemble the Winn Library in Woburn, Massachusetts.

Woodstock, Vermont
Woodstock is the shire town (county seat) of Windsor County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,005. It includes the villages of Woodstock, South Woodstock, Taftsville, and West Woodstock.
Uasin Gishu County
Uasin Gishu County, also referred to as Eldoret County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya located in the former Rift Valley Province. Eldoret city has the county's largest population centre as well as its administrative and commercial centre. It is bordered by Elgeyo-Marakwet to the East, Trans Nzoia to the North, Kakamega to the west, Nandi and Kericho to the South West and Baringo to the South East.  It is a highland plateau with altitudes falling gently from 2,700 metres (8,900 ft) above sea level to about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) above sea level. The topography is higher to the east and declines gently towards the western border".

Uasin Gishu is located on a plateau and has a cool and temperate climate. The county borders Trans-Nzoia County to the north, Elgeyo-Marakwet and Baringo counties to the east, Kericho County to the south, Nandi County to the south and south-west and Kakamega County to the west.

Kakamega County
Kakamega County is a county in the former Western Province of Kenya. It borders Vihiga County to the South, Siaya County to the West, Bungoma and Trans Nzoia counties to the North and Nandi, and Uasin Gishu counties to the East. Its capital and largest town is Kakamega town. The county has a population of 1,867,579, and an area of 3,033.8 km2.
Demyansky Uyezd
Demyansky Uyezd (Демянский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Demyansk.

Novgorod Governorate
58°26′N 32°23′E﻿ / ﻿58.433°N 32.383°E﻿ / 58.433; 32.383

Novgorod Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1727 to 1776 and from 1796 to 1927. Its administrative center was in the city of Novgorod. The governorate was located in the northwest of the European part of the Russian Empire.
Jakov Orfelin
Jakov Orfelin (Cyrillic Serbian: Јаков Орфелин, born in Vukovar or Sremski Karlovci, Habsburg monarchy, c. mid-eighteenth century – Arad, Habsburg Monarchy, 20  October 1803) was a Serbian Baroque painter. 
He made iconostasis for the churches of Bačka and Syrmia regions and also some portraits. He is the nephew of the painter, engraver and writer Zaharije Orfelin.

Zaharije Orfelin
Zaharije Orfelin (Serbian Cyrillic: Захаријe Орфелин; 1726 – 19 January 1785) was a Serbian polymath who lived and worked in the Habsburg monarchy and Venice. Considered a Renaissance man, he is variously described as a theologist, scientist, poet, engraver, painter, lexicographer, herbalist, oenologist, historian, publisher and translator.
Zhifang Waiji
The Zhifang Waiji (Chinese: 職方外紀; lit. 'Record of Foreign Lands') was an atlas written by various Italian Jesuits in Ming China in the early seventeenth century. The name literally refers to lands beyond the purview of the Zhifang Si, the Imperial cartography office. It was the first detailed atlas of global geography available in Chinese.

Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism
The Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism (聖教三柱石, literally the "Holy Religion's Three Pillar-Stones") refer to three Chinese converts to Christianity, during the 16th and 17th century Jesuit China missions:

Xú Guāngqǐ (Wade–Giles: Hsü Kuang-ch'i; 徐光啟, 1562–1633) of Shanghai

Lǐ Zhīzǎo (Wade–Giles: Li Chih-tsao; 李之藻, 1565–November 1, 1630) of Hangzhou

Yáng Tíngyún (Wade–Giles: Yang T'ing-yün; 楊廷筠, 1557–1627) of Hangzhou

Their combined efforts helped lead Hangzhou and Shanghai to become centres of missionary activity in late Ming China. These men shared an interest in Western science and mathematics, and it is probable that this was what first attracted them to the Jesuits responsible for their conversion.
Oldbury Farm
Oldbury Farm is a heritage-listed residence at Oldbury Road, Moss Vale, Wingecarribee Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1822 to 1828. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Moss Vale
Moss Vale is a town in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia. Moss Vale is the administrative centre of Wingecarribee Shire local government area. It is located 142 kilometres (88 mi) south-west of Sydney and 159 kilometres (99 mi) north-east of Canberra. The Illawarra Highway, which connects to Wollongong and the Illawarra coast via Macquarie Pass.

Moss Vale has several heritage buildings. In the centre of the main street is Leighton Gardens. Moss Vale has undergone recent (2019) gentrification. It has become a hub for independent and creative businesses, including design stores, cafes, and bars. The town has a commercial district and a golf course, including a large parkland, Cecil Hoskins Nature Reserve.
Sooty Rock
Sooty Rock (65°14′S 65°9′W﻿ / ﻿65.233°S 65.150°W﻿ / -65.233; -65.150) is a rock midway between Lumus Rock and Betheder Islands in Wilhelm Archipelago. Discovered and named "Black Reef" by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE), 1934–37. Resighted from HMS Endurance in February 1969 and described as a rock about 20 m high. The synonym Sooty was recommended by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) to avoid duplication of the name Black Rock.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Sooty Rock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Lumus Rock
Lumus Rock is a rock located 4 nautical miles (7 km) west-northwest of Sooty Rock, marking the southwestern extremity of the Wilhelm Archipelago off the Graham Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. It was discovered by British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE), 1934–37, and named "Lumus Reef" after one of the expedition cats, the only one to survive the Antarctic winter. The BGLE naming has been accepted because of long use, though a change in generic term, from reef to rock, was made on recommendation by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971. The rock is situated roughly midway between Anvers and Renaud Island at 7.8 miles (12.6 km) west-northwest of the Betbeder Islands, in the Hugo Island Trough, belonging to the Palmer Deep, an inner shelf structural depression.