hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coventry Cross of Nails
A Coventry Cross of Nails (in German, Nagelkreuz von Coventry) is a Christian cross made from iron nails, employed as a symbol of peace and reconciliation.  The original version was made from three large medieval nails salvaged from the Coventry Cathedral after the building was severely damaged by German bombs on 14 November 1940, during the Second World War.  In the following decades, several hundred crosses have been given as gifts to various organisations, including churches, prisons and schools.  The form of the cross echoes the crucifixion of Christ, and the nails with which Christ was affixed to the cross according to some accounts.

Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (German: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche), mostly known simply as the Memorial Church (Gedächtniskirche [ɡəˈdɛçtnɪsˈkɪʁçə]) is a Protestant church affiliated with the Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia, a regional body of the Protestant Church in Germany. It is located in Berlin on the Kurfürstendamm in the centre of the Breitscheidplatz.

The original church on the site was built in the 1890s. It was badly damaged in a bombing raid in 1943. The present building, which consists of a church with an attached foyer and a separate belfry with an attached chapel, was built between 1959 and 1963. The damaged spire of the old church has been retained and its ground floor has been made into a memorial hall.

The Memorial Church today is a famous landmark of western Berlin, and is nicknamed by Berliners "der hohle Zahn", meaning "the hollow tooth".
Chopstix (song)
"Chopstix" (stylized as "CHopstix") is a song by American rappers Schoolboy Q and Travis Scott, released on April 8, 2019 by Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE) and Interscope Records. It is the second single from Schoolboy Q's fifth studio album Crash Talk (2019). The song was produced by DJ Dahi. The song received mixed to negative reviews.

DJ Dahi
Dacoury Dahi Natche (born March 10, 1983), known professionally as DJ Dahi or simply Dahi, is an American record producer, songwriter, disc jockey and singer from Inglewood, California. Working primarily in hip hop and R&B music, he has been credited on commercially successful singles including "Money Trees" by Kendrick Lamar, "Worst Behavior" by Drake, and "I Don't Fuck with You" by Big Sean—the latter rose to number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. He made his vocal debut on Lamar's 2018 single "Loyalty", which he also produced.

Dahi won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Song in 2020 for his work on "A Lot" by 21 Savage. He has also been nominated for four Grammy Awards in the Album of the Year and Best Rap Album categories, and once for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical. Aside from his solo production career, Natche is also a member of production team D.R.U.G.$.
Judge Dredd (1997 video game)
Judge Dredd is a 1997 light gun shooter video game developed and published by Gremlin Interactive. Though it came out just a couple years after the Judge Dredd film, the game is actually based on the comic book of the same name. It was published by Acclaim Entertainment for the arcades, and by Gremlin Interactive in Europe and Activision in North America for the PlayStation. The emulated version of the PlayStation game was re-released by Urbanscan for the PlayStation Network on 24 January 2008. The game met with overwhelmingly negative reviews, with criticism directly at its unintelligent and unfairly difficult design and its unreliable targeting cursor.

Judge Dredd
Judge Joseph Dredd is a fictional character created by writer John Wagner and artist Carlos Ezquerra. He first appeared in the second issue of the British weekly anthology comic 2000 AD (1977). He is the magazine's longest-running character, and in 1990 he got his own title, the Judge Dredd Megazine. He also appears in a number of film and video game adaptations.

Judge Dredd is a law enforcement and judicial officer in the dystopian future city of Mega-City One, which covers most of the east coast of North America. He is a "street judge", empowered to summarily arrest, convict, sentence, and execute criminals. Judge Dredd stories often satirise American and British culture, with a focus on authoritarianism and police brutality.

Judge Dredd made his live-action debut in 1995 in Judge Dredd, portrayed by Sylvester Stallone. Later, he was portrayed by Karl Urban in the 2012 adaptation Dredd. In audio dramas by Big Finish Productions, Dredd is voiced by Toby Longworth.
Ana Goñi
Ana Goñi (born 19 April 1953) is a Venezuelan rally co-driver and motorsport personality. She is best known as the co-driver of Swedish rally legend Stig Blomqvist. Aside from her motorsport interests, Goñi is the owner of Spanish vineyard Bodega Otazu. She has a collection of classic rally cars.

Stig Blomqvist
Stig Lennart Blomqvist (born 29 July 1946) is a retired Swedish rally driver. He made his international breakthrough in 1981. Driving an Audi Quattro for the Audi factory team, Blomqvist won the World Rally Championship drivers' title in 1984 and finished runner-up in 1985. He won his home event, the Swedish Rally, seven times.

Outside the WRC, he won the British Rally Championship in 1983 and the Swedish Rally Championship several times. At the Race of Champions, Blomqvist took the title "Champion of Champions" in 1989 and 1990.
The Undefeated (1969 film)
The Undefeated is a 1969 American Western and Civil War-era film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and starring John Wayne and Rock Hudson. 
The film portrays events surrounding the French Imperial intervention in Mexico during the 1860s period of the neighboring American Civil War. It is also loosely based on Confederate States Army General Joseph Orville Shelby's factual escape to Mexico after the American Civil War (1861–1865), and his attempt to join with Maximilian I of Mexico's Imperial Mexican forces.

Joseph O. Shelby
Joseph Orville "J.O." Shelby (December 12, 1830 – February 13, 1897) was a Confederate officer who commanded cavalry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. After the Confederacy surrendered, Shelby tried to swear fealty to Emperor Maximilian I during the second French intervention in Mexico. With the Emperor's permission, Shelby formed the New Virginia Colony, a colony of Confederate exiles in Mexico, until the end of the intervention in 1867, after which he abandoned the colony.
Imnaha, Oregon
Imnaha is an unincorporated community at the confluence of Big Sheep Creek and the Imnaha River in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. Its elevation is 1,978 feet (603 m). Oregon Route 350 connects Imnaha to the nearest incorporated city, Joseph, 30 miles (48 km) to the west. Imnaha is best known as the gateway to the Hat Point scenic lookout on Hells Canyon at the Snake River.

The name Imnaha means "land ruled over by Imna"; Imna was a local Native American subchief. The post office in Imnaha opened January 4, 1885, but the townsite was not established until 1901; it was platted in 1902.

Imnaha is the easternmost settlement in the state of Oregon. It lies at the foot of the Hell's Canyon of the Snake River and is accessible via Oregon Route 350.

Hells Canyon
Hells Canyon is a ten-mile-wide (16 km) canyon in the Western United States, along the border of eastern Oregon, western Idaho, and a small section of eastern Washington. It is part of the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area which is also located in part of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. It is North America's deepest river gorge at 7,993 feet (2,436 m), running deeper than the Grand Canyon in Arizona.

The canyon was carved by the waters of the Snake River, which flows more than one mile (1.6 km) below the canyon's west rim on the Oregon side and 7,400 feet (2,260 m) below the peaks of Idaho's Seven Devils Mountains to the east. This area includes 214,000 acres (334 sq mi; 870 km2) of wilderness; most of the area is inaccessible by road.
Proline-catalyzed aldol reactions
The Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert and Barbas-List reactions in organic chemistry are a family of proline-catalysed asymmetric aldol reactions.

In the 1970s, two research groups discovered (and published) almost simultaneously their discoveries of two related intramolecular reactions: Zoltan Hajos and David Parrish at Hoffmann-La Roche and Rudolf Wiechert et al at Schering AG.  The original Hajos-Parrish procedure begins with an achiral triketone in dimethylformamide and 3% (molar) catalytic (S)‑(−)‑proline.  The product is a chiral ketol with 93% enantiomeric excess:

In the Eder-Sauer-Wiechert modification, the product shown above loses water to give the conjugated alkene.

Three decades later, Carlos Barbas and Benjamin List demonstrated that larger catalyst concentrates could enable a similar intermolecular reaction.

The reaction has seen extensive use in many enantiomerically-pure molecular syntheses.  Indeed, it presaged the modern field of asymmetric organocatalysis.

Enamine
An enamine is a functional group with the formula R2N−C(R′)=CR″2. Enamines are reagents used in organic synthesis and are intermediates in some enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

The word "enamine" is derived from the affix en-, used as the suffix of alkene, and the root amine. This can be compared with enol, which is a functional group containing both alkene (en-) and alcohol (-ol). Enamines are nitrogen analogs of enols.

Enamines are both good nucleophiles and good bases.  Their behavior as carbon-based nucleophiles is explained with reference to the following resonance structures.

Resonance structures for an enamine
Caught Napping
Caught Napping is a 1959 comedy play by the British writer Geoffrey Lumsden.

It premiered at the Salisbury Playhouse, under its original title Gwendolyn before transferring to the Piccadilly Theatre in London's West End where it ran for 114 performances between 22 June and 28 August 1959. Lumsden himself starred in the play alongside a cast that included Graham Armitage, George Benson, Raymond Huntley, Leslie Randall, Winifred Shotter and Timothy West in his West End debut. Excerpts of the play were featured in a 1959 episode of the BBC television series Theatre Night which showcased current West End shows.

In 1978 it was revived with a cast that included Arthur Lowe, Bill Pertwee, Fiona Fullerton and Edward Evans.

Geoffrey Lumsden
Geoffrey Forbes Lumsden (26 December 1914 – 4 March 1984) was a British character actor who had a lengthy career on television.  He often played pompous upper-class characters, army officers and the like.
Bigstone Cree Nation
The Bigstone Cree Nation (Cree: ᐅᐸᓯᑯᓂᐍᐤ, opasikoniwew) is a First Nations band government in Alberta, Canada. As Woodland Cree, they are a western branch of the larger Cree nation, and are a party to Treaty 8 with Canada. The Bigstone Cree Nation was divided into two bands in 2010, with one group continuing under the former name, and the other becoming the Peerless Trout First Nation.

Woodland Cree
The Sakāwithiniwak or Woodland Cree, are a Cree people, calling themselves Nîhithaw in their own dialect of the language. They are the largest indigenous group in northern Alberta and are an Algonquian people. Prior to the 18th century, their territory extended west of Hudson Bay, as far north as Churchill. Although in western Northern Saskatchewan and Manitoba, by the 18th century, they acted as middlemen in trade with western tribes.  After acquiring guns through trade, they greatly expanded their territory and drove other tribes further west and north.

The Rocky Cree or Asinikaw Īthiniwak are often grouped alongside the Woodland Cree, though many see them as a distinct group of Cree. The Rocky Cree once spoke a distinct "r" dialect of Cree before assimilating into the Woodland "th" dialect.
Lions Rump
Lions Rump is a conspicuous headland 2 km (1.2 mi) north-northeast of Low Head, forming the west side of the entrance to King George Bay, on King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It was charted and given its descriptive name in 1937 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II. Chopin Ridge runs between Lions Rump and Low Head. The rock feature known as "Martello Tower" lies 4 km (2.5 mi) to the north-northwest.

King George Bay (Antarctica)
King George Bay (62°6′S 58°5′W﻿ / ﻿62.100°S 58.083°W﻿ / -62.100; -58.083) is a bay indenting the south coast of King George Island for 6 nautical miles (11 km) between Lions Rump and Turret Point, in the South Shetland Islands. It was named on 24 January 1820 after the then-reigning sovereign of the United Kingdom, King George, by a British expedition under Edward Bransfield.
Fredenberg Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Fredenberg Township is a township in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,337 at the 2010 census.

Lavaque Road (County Road 48) serves as a main route in the township.  Other routes include Fish Lake Road, Beaver River Road, and Taft Road.

St. Louis County, Minnesota
St. Louis County is a county  in the Arrowhead Region of  Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 200,231. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county in Minnesota by land area, and the largest in the United States by total area east of the Mississippi River.
St. Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN–Superior, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism. Open pit mining of taconite and processing it into high grade iron ore remains an important part of the economy of the Iron Range and is directly tied to shipping in the twin ports of Duluth and Superior. Parts of the federally recognized Bois Forte and Fond du Lac Indian reservations are in the county.
Christopher Weaver
Christopher Scot Weaver (born February 6, 1951) is an American entrepreneur, software developer, scientist, author, and educator. He is known for founding Bethesda Softworks, where he was one of the creators of The Elder Scrolls role-playing series.

Weaver and Bethesda are credited with developing the first real-time physics engine for sports simulation, used in Bethesda's Gridiron! video game. Weaver also developed game screen captioning for the deaf and made it available as open source software.

Gridiron!
Gridiron! is a 1986 sports video game developed by Bethesda Softworks and published by Electronic Arts. The game was the first title of the Maryland studio, founded by MIT graduate Christopher Weaver and lead programmer Ed Fletcher, who aimed to create a more realistic sports simulation game.
Omar Núñez
Omar Yasser Núñez Munguía is an Olympic swimmer from Nicaragua. He swam for Nicaragua at the:

Olympics: 2008, 2012

World Championships: 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011

Pan American Games: 2003, 2007, 2011

Central American and Caribbean Games: 2002,2006

Short Course Worlds: 2008, 2010

Central American Sports Games: 1997,2001,2006 (Silver and bronze medals),2010

Nicaragua at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Nicaragua competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, held from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's 12th appearance at the Olympics.

The Nicaraguan Olympic Committee sent a total of six athletes to the Games, an equal share between men and women, to compete in four different sports, tying its record for the number of athletes at a single Olympics with the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.
Edaga Arbi
Edaga Arbi (Tigrinya: ዕዳጋ ዓርቢ) is a town in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, 42 km south east of Adwa. It is the administrative and economic center of the Werie Lehe woreda. Edega Arbi is mainly known for its monastery.

14°02′N 39°04′E﻿ / ﻿14.04°N 39.07°E﻿ / 14.04; 39.07

Werie Lehe
Werie Lehe (Tigrinya: ወርዒ ለኸ) was one of the woredas in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Maekelay Zone, Werie Lehe was bordered on the south by the Wari River which separated it from Kola Tembien, on the southwest by Naeder Adet, on the west by La'ilay Maychew, on the north by Adwa, on the northeast by Enticho, and on the east by the Misraqawi (Eastern) Zone.

Local landmarks in this woreda include several monolithic churches, which include Wkro Mariyam, Wkro Giyorgis and Abba Ghenzay near Nebelet. Another site of archeological interest is Henzat Gabriel, 52 kilometers southeast of Adwa, where local traditions claim around 160 stelae from Aksumite times are buried in and around the compound of the local church.
As Long as I Got You (Laura Lee song)
"As Long As I Got You" is a 1968 song by Gene Barge & Laura lee, recorded Laura Lee.  The song reached #31 on the R&B charts and was covered by the Laurie Allen Revue. The song was said to be based on The Violinaires' gospel hit "I Don't Know", written by Gene Barge, also in 1968.

Laura Lee (singer-songwriter)
Laura Lee (born Laura Lee Newton; 9 March 1945 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American soul and gospel singer and songwriter, most successful in the 1960s and 1970s and influential for her records which discussed and celebrated women's experience.
Ullage motor
Ullage motors (also known as ullage engines or  ullage rockets) are relatively small, independently fueled rocket engines that may be fired prior to main engine ignition, when the vehicle is in a zero-g situation. The resulting acceleration causes liquid in the rocket's main tanks to settle towards the aft end, ensuring uninterrupted flow to the fuel and oxidizer pumps.

Reaction control system
A reaction control system (RCS) is a spacecraft system that uses thrusters to provide attitude control and translation. Alternatively, reaction wheels can be used for attitude control, rather than RCS. Use of diverted engine thrust to provide stable attitude control of a short-or-vertical takeoff and landing aircraft below conventional winged flight speeds, such as with the Harrier "jump jet", may also be referred to as a reaction control system.

Reaction control systems are capable of providing small amounts of thrust in any desired direction or combination of directions. An RCS is also capable of providing torque to allow control of rotation (roll, pitch, and yaw).

Reaction control systems often use combinations of large and small (vernier) thrusters, to allow different levels of response.
State Street Commercial Historic District
State Street Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Hammond, Indiana. The district encompasses 28 contributing buildings in the central business district of Hammond. It developed between about 1885 and 1946, and includes notable example of Commercial, Classical Revival, Late Gothic Revival, and Art Deco style architecture.  Notable buildings include the L. Fish Building (1927), Federal Building (1939), Lincoln Hotel (1923), Seifer Building (1925), and the Henderson Building (1902).

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Hammond, Indiana
Hammond (/ˈhæmənd/ HAM-ənd) is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. Located along Lake Michigan, it is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the only city in Indiana to border Chicago. As of the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in Indiana, with 77,879 residents. It was first settled in the mid-19th century and it is one of the oldest cities of northern Lake County.

From north to south, Hammond runs from Lake Michigan to the Little Calumet River; from east to west along its southern border, it runs from the Illinois state line to Cline Avenue. The city is traversed by numerous railroads and expressways, including the South Shore Line, Borman Expressway, and Indiana Toll Road. Notable local landmarks include the parkland around Wolf Lake and the Horseshoe Hammond riverboat casino. Part of the Rust Belt, Hammond has been industrial almost from its inception, but is also home to a campus of Purdue University and numerous historic districts.
Kosmos 159
Kosmos 159 (Russian: Космос 159, meaning Cosmos 159), E-6LS No.111, was one of many satellites designed during the Soviet space program given the designation Kosmos. This satellite was specifically designed to be a high orbit satellite used to gain information on trajectory anomalies caused by the Moon's gravitational pull. This data would have been vital to the Soviet space program and could have been key in successful crewed missions to the Moon. This mission was also used to test radio communications in space.

Kosmos (satellite)
Kosmos (Russian: Космос, IPA: [ˈkosməs], meaning '(outer) space') is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.
Antoni Cieszyński
Antoni Cieszyński (31 May 1882 in Oels (Oleśnica), Silesia, Germany  – 4 July 1941 in Lwów, Poland) was a Polish physician, dentist and surgeon.

Cieszyński was a professor and head of the Institute of Stomatology at Lviv University. He became the editor and publisher of Polska Dentystyka in 1930; the journal was renamed Polska Stomatologia (Polish Stomatology) and Słowiańska Stomatologia (Slavic Stomatology). Among his contributions to dentistry are the rules of isometry that allow for the bisecting angle to accurately reproduce dimensions in x-radiology, and extraoral anæsthetising techniques.

During the WW2 in 1941 Cieszyński with a number of other Polish university professors was summarily executed by the invading German forces in Lviv during the massacre of Lviv professors.

Massacre of Lwów professors
In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine) along with 25 of their family members were killed by Nazi German occupation forces and Ukrainian auxiliaries. By targeting prominent citizens and intellectuals for elimination, the Nazis hoped to prevent anti-Nazi activity and to weaken the resolve of the Polish resistance movement. According to an eyewitness the executions were carried out by an Einsatzgruppe unit (German: Einsatzkommando zur besonderen Verwendung) under the command of Karl Eberhard Schöngarth with the participation of Ukrainian translators in German uniforms.
Jake Weatherald
Jake Beath Weatherald (born 4 November 1994) is an Australian cricketer. Originally from Darwin in the Northern Territory, he is an opening batsman who plays for Tasmania in both first-class and one-day cricket and plays for the Hobart Hurricanes in the Big Bash League. He had a breakout season in 2015–16, making his first-class debut for South Australia in the Sheffield Shield and scoring two half-centuries in the final. He has since had contracts with South Australia in every season.

Adelaide Strikers
The Adelaide Strikers are an Australian men's professional franchise cricket team, competing in Australia's domestic Twenty20 (T20) cricket competition, the Big Bash League (BBL). Based in Adelaide, South Australia, their home ground is the Adelaide Oval, and they play in a cornflower blue uniform. The Strikers were formed in 2011 to play in the BBL, succeeding the South Australia cricket team, who played in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash competition. Since the inaugural  BBL |01, the Strikers' sole title came in  BBL |07.
Patiala
Patiala (Punjabi pronunciation: [pʌʈeɑ̈ːɭɑ]) is a city in southeastern Punjab, northwestern India. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the Qila Mubarak (the 'Blessed Castle') constructed by a chieftain Ala Singh, who founded the royal dynasty of Patiala State in 1763, and after whom the city is named.

In popular culture, the city remains famous for its traditional Patiala shahi turban (a type of headgear), paranda (a tasselled tag for braiding hair), Patiala salwar (a type of female trousers), jutti (a type of footwear) and Patiala peg (a measure of liquor). Patiala is also known as the Royal City and the Beautiful City.

Punjabi paranda
A Punjabi paranda, also known as a parandi, is a women's hair ornament made of multicolored silk threads and decorated with floral (bunches) designs and ornamental tassels. The Paranda is a part of traditional ethnic Punjabi clothing and a folk accessory of Punjabi culture. Patiala is famous for its salwars and parandas