hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Platoon (automobile)
In transportation, platooning or flocking is a method for driving a group of vehicles together. It is meant to increase the capacity of roads via an automated highway system.

Platoons decrease the distances between cars or trucks using electronic, and possibly mechanical, coupling. This capability would allow many cars or trucks to accelerate or brake simultaneously. This system also allows for a closer headway between vehicles by eliminating reacting distance needed for human reaction.

Platoon capability might require buying new vehicles, or it may be something that can be retrofitted. Drivers would probably need a special license endorsement on account of the new skills required and the added responsibility when driving in the lead.

Smart cars with artificial intelligence could automatically join and leave platoons. The automated highway system is a proposal for one such system, where cars organise themselves into platoons of 8 to 25.

Drafting (aerodynamics)
Drafting, or slipstreaming, is an aerodynamic technique where two moving objects are aligning in a close group to  exploit the lead object's slipstream and thus reduce the overall effect of drag. Especially when high speeds are involved, as in motor racing and cycling, drafting can significantly reduce the paceline's average energy expenditure and can even slightly reduce the energy expenditure of the lead vehicle.
Magufuli cabinets
The Magufuli Cabinet was formed by President of Tanzania John Magufuli after taking the oath of office on 5 November 2015. Magufuli won the 2015 general election with 58% of the vote in a tightly contested race against ex-CCM Chadema rival Edward Lowassa. After being sworn in on 5 November 2015, Magufuli announced his cabinet almost a month later, on 10 December 2015. He reduced the cabinet to 19 ministers from 30 in the previous cabinet. The Second Cabinet's tenure was cut short on 19 March 2021, following the death of President John Magufuli, and the swearing-in of Samia Suluhu Hassan as the new president.

Palamagamba John Aidan Mwaluko Kabudi
Palamagamba John Aidan Mwaluko Kabudi (born February 24, 1956) is a Tanzanian lawyer who from April 2021 to January 2022 served as the country's Minister for Constitution and Legal Affairs, appointed by President Samia Suluhu. He was a Minister for Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation appointed by President John Pombe Magufuli since 2020 to 2021.
Saskia Ozols
Saskia Ozols is an American artist and art educator residing in New Orleans, Louisiana.  She is the daughter of artist Auseklis Ozols.  In addition to certificates from the New Orleans Academy of Fine Arts and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, she holds a master of fine arts degree from the latter institution.   She has added her husband's family name to her own, and is now known as Saskia Ozols Eubanks.

Auseklis Ozols
Auseklis Ozols (September 22, 1941 – September 24, 2025) was a Latvian-born American artist and academic based in New Orleans. Ozols was active in the fields of oil painting, watercolor painting, ink and photography.
University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy
The University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy is the public policy graduate school of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is located on the University of Chicago's main campus in Hyde Park.

The school is named after Irving B. Harris, who made a US$10 million donation that established the Harris School of Public Policy in 1988. In addition to policy studies and policy analysis, the school requires students to pursue training in economics and statistics as part of its rigorous Core Curriculum.

Harris offers joint degrees with the university's Business School, Law School, Social Work School, and the Division of the Social Sciences.

Harris is ranked third among policy analysis schools in the United States by U.S. News & World Report, and listed as the fourth best public policy institution globally in the field of economics research by RePEc.

Public policy school
A public policy school or school of public affairs is typically a university program, institution, or professional school of public policy, public administration, political science, international relations, security studies, management, urban planning, urban studies, intelligence studies, global studies, emergency management, public affairs, nonprofit management, criminology, and the sociology of law.

Public policy schools typically train students in two streams. The more practical stream treats the master's degree as a terminal degree, which trains students to work as policy analysts or practitioners in governments, government relations, think tanks, business-to-government marketing/sales, and consulting firms. A more theoretical stream aims to train students who are aiming to go on to complete doctoral studies with the goal of becoming professors of public policy, political science in general, or researchers.
Oratory of San Francesco Saverio del Caravita
The Oratory of San Francesco Saverio del Caravita (St. Francis Xavier “del Caravita”) is a 17th-century baroque oratory in Rome, near the Church of Sant’Ignazio in rione Pigna. It is home to the Caravita Community, an international English-language Catholic community in Rome.

Oratory (worship)
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, an oratory is a place which is set aside by permission of an ordinary for divine worship, for the convenience of some community or group of the faithful who assemble there, but to which other members of the faithful may have access with the consent of the competent superior. The word oratory comes from the Latin verb orare, to pray.
Left Bloc (Luxembourg)
The Left Bloc (Luxembourgish: Lénksblock, French: Bloc des Gauches) was a political alliance in the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg at the beginning of the 20th century. The "marriage of convenience" between the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal League was formed in 1908.

Its goal was to roll back the influence of the Church in public life, and specifically in schools. In this, it was successful against the "Right Bloc" (the later Party of the Right), when the Deputies of the two parties voted through the Education Law of 1912.

In this period, before universal suffrage had been introduced (in 1919), only 20,000 of the wealthier taxpayers had the right to vote. Thus, the centre of power was in the legislature, and this was a parliament of notables.

After their common goal had been reached, the two parties went their separate ways. In part, this was because the liberal, business-friendly world-view on the one hand, and socialist ideas on the other, were irreconcilable.

Education Law of 1912
The Education Law of 1912 (Luxembourgish: Schoulgesetz), also called the "loi Braun", was passed on 25 June 1912 by the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg. The law concerned primary school education in the country and was intended to modernise education, introducing several new subjects and heavily reducing the role of the Church in education.
RTÉ News (TV channel)
The RTÉ News channel is an Irish free-to-air news television channel owned and operated by RTÉ. The channel launched as RTÉ News Now available exclusively online on 12 June 2008. The channel began broadcasting as a free-to-air channel on 29 October 2010 on Saorview.

The channel broadcasts free-to-air and commercial-free. It is available in Ireland and globally online, on mobile phones and an iPhone/iPad application is also widely available free. It is operated by RTÉ's department RTÉ News and Current Affairs and broadcasts in the Irish, English and ISL languages.

The channel was rebranded from RTÉ News Now to RTÉ News in August 2020 with minor changes to its programming line-up. As part of the rebrand, the channel is complemented with a new-look app.

RTÉ One
RTÉ One is an Irish free-to-air flagship television service owned and operated by RTÉ. It is the most-popular and most-watched television channel in the country and was launched as Telefís Éireann on 31 December 1961, it was renamed RTÉ in 1966, and it was renamed as RTÉ 1 upon the launch of RTÉ2 in 1978.  It is funded partly by the government's licence fee; the remainder of the funding is provided by commercial advertising. Because RTÉ is funded partly by the licence fee it shows considerably fewer advertisements than most other channels available in Ireland and Northern Ireland.

RTÉ One is available to 98% of the Irish population in HD on the Saorview DTT service. It is also available in Northern Ireland via Saorview, Freeview, Sky, and cable provider Virgin Media. The channel is also available online through RTÉ Player.
Valaam Monastery
The Valaam Monastery (Russian: Валаамский монастырь; Finnish: Valamon luostari) is a stauropegic Orthodox monastery in Russian Karelia, located on Valaam, the largest island in Lake Ladoga, the largest lake in Europe.

Valaam
Valaam (Russian: Валаам or Валаамский архипелаг; Finnish: Valamo) is an archipelago in the northern portion of Lake Ladoga, lying within the Republic of Karelia, Russia. The total area of its more than 50 islands is 36 km2. The largest island is also called Valaam. Other named islands are: Skitsky (second by size), Lembos, Sviatoy, Bayonny, Moskovsky, Predtechensky, Nikonovsky, Divny, Emelyanov, Oboronny, Goly, Savvaty's, Zosima's, Skalisty, Lukovy, Ovsiany, Rzhanoi, Nikolsky.

It is best known as the site of the 14th century Valaam Monastery on Valaam Island and for its natural environment.
St. Antoine (electoral district)
St. Antoine (French: Saint-Antoine) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1892 to 1935.

This riding was created in 1892 from parts of Montreal West riding. It consisted initially of St. Antoine ward in the city of Montreal. In 1914, it was defined to consist of St. Andrew's and St. Joseph wards in the city of Montreal.

The electoral district was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed into Saint-Henri, Saint-Antoine—Westmount and St. Lawrence—St. George ridings.

Saint-Antoine—Westmount
St. Antoine—Westmount and Saint-Antoine—Westmount were federal electoral districts in Quebec, Canada, that were represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.

"St. Antoine—Westmount" riding was created in 1933 from parts of St. Antoine riding. It was abolished in 1952 when it was replaced by "Saint-Antoine—Westmount" riding.

Saint-Antoine—Westmount was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Saint-Henri and Westmount ridings.
Ngāti Pikiao
Ngāti Pikiao is a Māori iwi (tribe) of New Zealand. They are one of the iwi within the Te Arawa tribal confederation. Their rohe (territory) centres on Lake Rotoiti and the area east of the Kaituna River in the Bay of Plenty.

Tūhourangi
Tūhourangi is a Māori iwi of New Zealand with a rohe centered on Lake Tarawera, Lake Rotomahana, Lake Okaro, Lake Okareka, Lake Rotokākahi, Lake Tikitapu and the area south of Lake Rotorua. It is part of the Te Arawa tribal confederation.
Richard Lee (cricketer, born 1833)
Richard Napoleon Lee (c. 1833 – 28 May 1876) was an English cricketer active in first-class cricket in 1852.

The illegitimate son of Richard Thornton and his housekeeper Alice Lee, he was born at Clerkenwell, Middlesex, in about 1833. He attended St John's College, Oxford, where he studied law. Lee made what would be his only appearance in first-class cricket in 1852, when he played for the Surrey Club against the Marylebone Cricket Club at The Oval. He was a barrister at the Middle Temple by 1861.

Lee later moved to Sidmouth, Devon, where he was appointed the Income Tax Commissioner for Devon. He died at Sidmouth on 28 May 1876, having changed his name to Richard Napoleon Thornton in 1865 as a condition laid down in his father's will. At some point he married Margaret James, who predeceased him. The couple had four children, with their three sons Richard, Albert and Walter all playing first-class cricket.

Richard Thornton (cricketer)
Reverend Richard Thornton Thornton (28 March 1853 – 30 May 1928), born Richard Thornton Lee, was an English clergyman and amateur cricketer active who played first-class cricket between 1881 and 1893, mainly for Kent County Cricket Club.
Cristina Neagu
Cristina Georgiana Neagu (Romanian pronunciation: [krisˈtina ˈne̯aɡu]; born 26 August 1988) is a Romanian former professional handballer.

Often considered the best player in the world and rated by many in the sport as the greatest of all time, Neagu is the only female handball player in history to win four IHF World Player of the Year awards (in 2010, 2015, 2016 and 2018). She also won the EHF Player of the Year award in 2017 and 2018 (a record). She has been selected to the All-EHF Champions League All-Star Team seven times (2015–18 and 2020–22).

A prolific goalscorer, Neagu is the European Championship's all-time leader in goals scored (303). She was the 2015 World Championship top-scorer and was named MVP of the tournament. She also finished as the top scorer of the EHF Champions League in the 2014–15, 2017–18 and 2021–22 seasons.

Neagu was given the award of Cetățean de onoare ("Honorary Citizen") of the city of Bucharest in 2017.

2014 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2014 European Women's Handball Championship was the eleventh continental tournament for women's national teams, organized by the European Handball Federation. The second jointly hosted edition in the competition's history took place in Hungary and Croatia from 7 to 21 December 2014.

Norway won their sixth title after beating Spain 28–25 in the final. Sweden defeated Montenegro 25–23 to capture the bronze medal.

Norway's victory ensured their qualification for the 2016 Summer Olympics. However, they later won the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship, vacating the European champion Olympic berth which fell to Spain as the runner-up. The two next-best placed teams, Sweden and Montenegro, earned spots in the Olympic Qualification Tournaments.
Artur Văitoianu
Artur or Arthur Văitoianu (14 April 1864 in Izmail – 17 June 1956) was a Romanian general who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for about two months in 1919 (27 September – 30 November). During his mandate, the first elections of Greater Romania were held.

Battle of Mărăști
The Battle of Mărăști (Romanian: Bătălia de la Mărăști) was one of the main battles to take place on Romanian soil in World War I. It was fought between 22 July and 1 August 1917, and was an offensive operation of the Romanian and Russian armies intended to encircle and destroy the German 9th Army. The operation was planned to occur in tandem with the Nămoloasa offensive; however, this operation was abandoned before it began.

According to General Alexandru Averescu, the commander of the Romanian Second Army at this major engagement, the Battle of Mărăști was the "first true victory in the history of the modern Romanian Army".
Sunda owlet
The Sunda owlet (Taenioptynx sylvaticus) is a small owl from Borneo and Sumatra.

This species was formerly treated as a subspecies of the collared owlet (Taenioptynx brodiei). It was promoted to a separate species based largely on the basis of a difference in vocalisation.

There are two subspecies:

T. s. sylvaticus (Bonaparte, 1850) - montane Sumatra

T. s. borneensis (Sharpe, 1893) - montane Borneo

Collared owlet
The collared owlet (Taenioptynx brodiei), also known as the collared pygmy owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. Its natural habitat is submontane and montane forests with open spaces and is distributed throughout oriental Asia. It is the smallest owl in Asia, at 15 cm (5.9 in) and 60 g (2.1 oz).
Prehistorik Man
Prehistorik Man is a platform video game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System developed by Titus Interactive and published by Kemco in Japan in 1995 as P-Man and by Titus France elsewhere in 1996. It is a sequel to Prehistorik 2, featuring similar graphics but a richer and different story, and additional non-player characters which, among other things, provide hints and a tutorial.

The game was later released for the Game Boy Advance and the Nintendo DSi (as a DSiWare release), with the latter being released in North America in February 2010. Prehistorik Man was added to the Nintendo Classics service in February 2021.

The Super NES version received positive reviews from critics with the story, sound and gameplay being praised. The Game Boy Advance and DSiware ports, however, have gotten mixed reviews.

Titus Interactive
Titus Interactive SA, known as Titus France SA until March 1999, was a French software publisher that produced and published video games for various platforms. Its head office was located in Parc de l'Esplanade in Lagny sur Marne in Greater Paris. At one time, it was in Montfermeil, elsewhere in Greater Paris.

The company's mascot was Titus, the title character of Titus the Fox.
The Alpha Band
The Alpha Band was an American rock band, formed in July 1976 from the remnants of Bob Dylan's Rolling Thunder Revue.

Band members were T-Bone Burnett, Steven Soles, and David Mansfield, plus sidemen who differed from record to record and included: David Kemper (later drummer for Bob Dylan and Jerry Garcia Band); gospel musician Andraé Crouch; and former Beatle Ringo Starr.

The band produced three albums, particularly notable for their intelligent cultural critique. The members of the band, especially Burnett and Mansfield, are known for their important roles as producers of other people's albums subsequently.

T Bone Burnett
Joseph Henry "T Bone" Burnett III (born January 14, 1948) is an American record producer, guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He was a guitarist in Bob Dylan's band during the 1970s. Burnett has won several Grammy Awards for his work on film soundtracks, namely O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), Cold Mountain (2004), Walk the Line (2005), and Crazy Heart (2010). He won another Grammy for producing the album Raising Sand (2007), in which he united the contemporary bluegrass of Alison Krauss with the blues rock of Led Zeppelin lead vocalist Robert Plant.

Burnett has been credited with early career mentorship of musical acts such as Counting Crows, Los Lobos, Sam Phillips, and Gillian Welch, and with revitalizing the careers of Gregg Allman and Roy Orbison. He produced for television programs including Nashville and True Detective. He has released several solo studio albums as a producer, including Tooth of Crime (2008), which he wrote for a revival of the namesake play by Sam Shepard.
Draug-class destroyer
The Draug class was the first multi-vessel class of destroyers built for the Royal Norwegian Navy  in the early 20th century and the first destroyers constructed for the Royal Norwegian Navy since Valkyrjen, which was commissioned on 17 May 1896. The class comprised three ships, Draug, Troll and Garm. All three were built at the Karljohansvern Orlogsstasjon. The Draug class were the last Norwegian-constructed destroyers until the Ålesund class was laid down in 1939. The Draug class saw service until the 1940s. In 1940, Garm was sunk while the other two remained in service until sold and broken up for scrap.

HNoMS Draug (1908)
HNoMS Draug was the lead ship of the three-ship Draug class of destroyers built for the Royal Norwegian Navy in the years 1908–1913. The four-stacked destroyer was kept in service long after she was obsolete, and took part in the defence of Norway during the German invasion in 1940.

In the early hours of 9 April 1940, Draug intercepted and captured the clandestine German transport Main. After deciding that the outdated Draug could do little to oppose the invading German forces, the ship's captain decided to sail to the United Kingdom, bringing the captured German ship with him. After being subjected to a German bombing attack, Main was sunk and Draug proceeded to the United Kingdom with the German crew as prisoners. In exile in the United Kingdom Draug served as a guard ship, convoy escort, MTB mother ship and depot ship. Decommissioned in late 1943, Draug was sold for scrapping in 1944.
Septal nasal cartilage
The septal nasal cartilage (cartilage of the septum or quadrangular cartilage) is composed of hyaline cartilage. It is somewhat quadrilateral in form, thicker at its margins than at its center, and completes the separation between the nasal cavities in front.

Its anterior margin, thickest above, is connected with the nasal bones, and is continuous with the anterior margins of the lateral cartilages; below, it is connected to the medial crura of the major alar cartilages by fibrous tissue.

Its posterior margin is connected with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid; its inferior margin with the vomer and the palatine processes of the maxillae.

Lateral nasal cartilage
The lateral nasal cartilage (upper lateral cartilage, lateral process of septal nasal cartilage) is situated below the inferior margin of the nasal bone, and is flattened, and triangular in shape.

Its anterior margin is thicker than the posterior, and is continuous above with the septal nasal cartilage, but separated from it below by a narrow fissure; its superior margin is attached to the nasal bone and the frontal process of the maxilla; its inferior margin is connected by fibrous tissue with the greater alar cartilage. Where the lateral cartilage meets the greater alar cartilage, the lateral cartilage often curls up, to join with an inward curl of the greater alar cartilage. That curl of the inferior portion of the lateral cartilage is called its "scroll."
Giovanni Cobelli
Giovanni (de) Cobelli (24 June 1849 – 22 January 1937) was an Italian civil servant and amateur naturalist.

After his studies in his home town of Rovereto, he went to Vienna to study natural history. On his return to his birthplace he taught at the technical institute, a position he occupied until 1902. He directed, from 1879 to 1937, the Rovereto museum. He collaborated with his brother Ruggero Cobelli (1838-1921), in various natural history researches, principally in entomology. He also worked with the entomologist Bernardino Halbherr (1844-1934).

Bernardino Halbherr
Bernardino Halbherr (21 July 1844, Rovereto – 31 March 1934, Rovereto) was an Italian entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera and Heteroptera.

Halbherr was an accountant. He worked closely with two other Rovereto naturalists Giovanni Cobelli and Ruggero Cobelli. His collection is in the Museo Civico Rovereto.
Ferdinand von Prondzynski
Ferdinand von Prondzynski (born 30 June 1954) is a German-born Irish citizen who was a former university leader in Ireland and Scotland, a lawyer and legal academic, a high-profile public commentator, and latterly a member of the clergy of the Scottish Episcopal Church (Anglican). Formerly the Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, Scotland, he previously served as the second President of Dublin City University (DCU) in Ireland (2000–2010), and before that as a professor and dean at the University of Hull, and lecturer and Fellow at Trinity College Dublin.

Knockdrin
Knockdrin (Irish: Cnoc Droinne) is a townland and electoral division that is 5.6 kilometers northeast of Mullingar, in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is the home of the Westmeath Hunt, and its most notable building is Knockdrin Castle. The R394 regional road, the main Mullingar to Castlepollard route, runs through the area.