hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheep farming
Sheep farming or sheep husbandry is the raising and breeding of domestic sheep. It is a branch of animal husbandry. Sheep are raised principally for their meat (lamb and mutton), milk (sheep's milk), and fiber (wool). They also yield sheepskin and parchment.

Sheep can be raised in a range of temperate climates, including arid zones near the equator and other torrid zones. Farmers build fences, housing, shearing sheds, and other facilities on their property, such as for water, feed, transport, and pest control. Most farms are managed so sheep can graze pastures, sometimes under the control of a shepherd or sheep dog.

Farmers can select from various breeds suitable for their region and market conditions. When the farmer sees that a ewe (female adult) is showing signs of heat or estrus, they can organise for mating with males. Newborn lambs are typically subjected to lamb marking, which involves tail docking, mulesing, earmarking, and males may be castrated.

Lamb marking
Lamb marking is the term applied to the procedure of earmarking, castration and tail-docking of the lambs of domestic sheep. Vaccination is usually carried out then, too. Sheep are usually ear marked at approximately 3 months of age after lambing (birth). Lambs are castrated to prevent full development of reproductive organs and hormones. Ear marking is used to identify each lamb in the flock and tail-docking is usually carried out to prevent blowfly strike. At some stage, blow-flies lay their eggs within moist and warm areas (breech region) of the sheep. Then, the maggots grow and eat away the live flesh of the sheep. This causes great distress and pain for the lamb. Sometimes lambs are also mulesed (triangular cuts to the skin around the lamb's anus). This is also carried out for the same reason.

These operations are carried out to improve the survival rates of the lambs.
Skilvatnet
Skilvatnet (Norwegian) or Sjiellajávrre (Lule Sami) is a lake in Hamarøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The lake lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the municipal centre of Hamarøy, Oppeid. The lake Kaldvågvatnet lies just west of this lake.

Hamarøy Municipality
Hamarøy (Norwegian) or Hábmer (Lule Sami) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Oppeid. Other villages include Drag, Hellmobotn, Innhavet, Karlsøy, Korsnes, Presteid, Skutvika, Tømmerneset, Tranøya, and Ulvsvåg.

The 2,020-square-kilometre (780 sq mi) municipality is the 36th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Hamarøy Municipality is the 243rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,729. The municipality's population density is 1.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.6/sq mi) and its population has increased by about 50% over the previous 10-year period (due to the enlargement of the municipality when part of Tysfjord Municipaltiy became part of Hamarøy in 2020).
Dodé Valley
The Dodé Valley or Dog bde is a northern suburb of Lhasa, Tibet. A number of historical hermitages belonging to Sera Monastery are located here including the Purbuchok Hermitage and Sera Utsé Hermitage. The hills around the valley are known as the Purbuchok mountains. It is a common location for hiking from Lhasa.

The Liusha River, a seasonal river in the north of Lhasa City, poses a flooding problem to Lhasa City, which is fed by the Nyangrain Valley and the Dodé Valley. In order to control the flooding, the Dodé Valley Small Watershed Comprehensive Management Project passed the review in 2010. Subsequently, the construction was started.

There is a mosque in Dodé Valley, called Dodé Mosque, and a Muslim cemetery nearby.

Sera Utsé Hermitage
Sera Utsé Hermitage, Sera Utse, Sera Ütse, Sera Tse or Drubkjang Tse is a historical hermitage belonging to Sera Monastery. It is located on the mountain directly behind Sera Monastery itself, which is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the Jokhang in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is older than Sera Monastery.

It is about a 1½ hour walk up the hill from Tsongkhapa's hermitage or Choding Khang, which is just above the Assembly Hall of Sera Monastery. It has a two-storied chapel and monks' quarters with views over the city of Lhasa. There is a protector shrine to Pehar (a Tibetan spirit which belongs to the gyalpo class) and Shri Devi.
Orabazes II of Characene
Orabazes II was a king of Characene a kingdom located at the head of the Persian Gulf. His reign was from 150/51 to 165. He was most likely a relative of the Parthian king Vologases IV.

Like most Characene rulers he is primarily known from his coins. As his rule was in the latter part of Characene history, at a time when the state was increasingly weak, we find that the spelling of his name varies between coins and that legends on his coins are consistently partially corrupt. Furthermore, so far only two coins are known that carry a readable date (151 and 156/7 AD).

He is also the first Characene ruler to use Aramaic text although the images on the coin are still Hellenistic.

Vologases IV
Vologases IV (Parthian: 𐭅𐭋𐭂𐭔 Walagash) was King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 147 to 191. He was the son of Mithridates V (r. 129–140). Vologases spent the early years of his reign re-asserting Parthian control over the Kingdom of Characene. From 161 to 166, he waged war against the Roman Empire; although initially successful, conquering Armenia and Syria, he was eventually pushed back, briefly losing control of the Parthian capitals of Seleucia and Ctesiphon to the Romans. The Romans suffered heavy losses from a plague erupting from Seleucia in 166, forcing them to withdraw. The war ended soon afterward, with Vologases losing most of northern Mesopotamia to the Romans. He died in 191 and was succeeded by his son Vologases V.
British military rifles
The origins of the modern British military rifle are within its predecessor, the Brown Bess musket. While a musket was largely inaccurate over 100 yards (91 m), due to a lack of rifling and a generous tolerance to allow for muzzle-loading, it was cheap to produce and could be loaded quickly. The use of volley or mass firing by troops meant that the rate of fire took precedence over accuracy.

Beginning in the late 1830s, the superior performance of the new rifles led the British military to phase out the venerable .75 calibre Brown Bess musket in favour of smaller-calibre muzzle-loading rifles. Early rifles were non-standard and often used components from the Brown Bess, including locks and stocks adapted to new rifled barrels. It was not until the late 19th century that the rifle fully supplanted the musket as the weapon of the infantryman.

Pattern 1914 Enfield
The Rifle, .303 Pattern 1914 (or P14) was a British service rifle of the First World War period, principally manufactured under contract by companies in the United States. It was a bolt-action weapon with an integral 5-round magazine. It served as a sniper rifle and as second-line and reserve issue, until declared obsolete in 1947. The Pattern 1914 Enfield was the successor to the Pattern 1913 Enfield experimental rifle and the predecessor of the U.S. Rifle M1917 Enfield.
Willem van de Velde the Elder
Willem van de Velde the Elder (1610/11 – 13 December 1693) was a Dutch Golden Age seascape painter, who produced many precise drawings of ships and ink paintings of fleets, but later learned to use oil paints like his son.

Michael S. Robinson
Michael Strang Robinson (1910–1999) was Keeper of Pictures at the National Maritime Museum, London, England. He was an expert on the paintings of Willem van de Velde, the elder and Willem van de Velde, the younger.
2015 Netball Europe Open Challenge
The 2015 Netball Europe Open Challenge was a second level tournament organised by Netball Europe. It featured a series of netball test matches in May 2015 at Belfast's Antrim Forum. It was played alongside the first level tournament, the 2015 Netball Europe Open Championships. It featured three teams ranked between 28 and 36 – the Republic of Ireland, Malta and Switzerland. The Republic of Ireland won the tournament after winning all four of their matches. All matches were livestreamed by QTV Sports/StreamUK with Alison Mitchell as the lead commentator.

Europe Netball Open Challenge
The Europe Netball Open Challenge is an international netball tournament organised by Europe Netball. It was originally known as the European Netball Festival and later as the Netball Europe Open Challenge. It mainly features second level national netball teams affiliated to Europe Netball. It has also included guest teams from outside Europe. Europe's top level teams play in the Netball Europe Open Championships. The Republic of Ireland are the competition's most successful team. Other winners have included  Grenada, the Isle of Man, Northern Ireland and the United Arab Emirates.
Scalp
The scalp is the area of the head where head hair grows. It is made up of skin, layers of connective and fibrous tissues, and the membrane of the skull. Anatomically, the scalp is part of the epicranium, a collection of structures covering the cranium. The scalp is bordered by the face at the front, and by the neck at the sides and back. The scientific study of hair and scalp is called trichology.

Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion.
Jimmy Del Ray
David Everett Ferrier (November 30, 1962 – December 6, 2014) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, "Gigolo" Jimmy Del Ray. Del Ray was best known for his appearances in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) as one half of the Heavenly Bodies with his tag team partner, Tom Prichard.

Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling
Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling-Explosion (FMW-E) is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion founded on July 28, 1989, by Atsushi Onita as Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (フロンティア・マーシャルアーツ・レスリング, Furontia Māsharuātsu Resuringu) (FMW). The promotion specializes in hardcore wrestling involving weapons such as barbed wire and fire. They held their first show on October 6, 1989. In the late 1990s, FMW had a brief working agreement with Extreme Championship Wrestling, and as well had 14 DVDs released in the U.S. by Tokyopop. On March 4, 2015, FMW was resurrected under the name Chō Sentō Puroresu FMW (超戦闘プロレスFMW). With the resurrected FMW not holding any events since 2018, Onita announced in 2021 that he would be starting Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling-Explosion (FMW-E) in which the promotion would specialize in exploding death matches.

The promotion was highlighted in the third season of the Vice TV's pro wrestling docuseries Dark Side of the Ring in September 2021.
Lake Hayes
Lake Hayes (Māori: Waiwhakaata) is a small lake in the Wakatipu Basin in Central Otago, in New Zealand's South Island. It is located close to the towns of Arrowtown and Queenstown.

The southern end of the lake is close to State Highway 6, while the western side is bordered by Slope Hill. The main area for access to the lake is the northern end which has a large grassed area for recreation activities.

The Lake Hayes Showgrounds which have a pavilion and parking area has an annual show called The Lake Hayes A&P Show.

The nearby large residential sub-division of Lake Hayes Estate is just across the main highway and takes its name from Lake Hayes.

A track called the Lake Hayes Circuit  runs around the lake and forms part of The Queenstown Trail and is popular for use by walkers, runners and cyclists.

Queenstown Trail
The Queenstown Trail is a cycle and walking trail funded as one of the projects of the New Zealand Cycle Trail (NZCT) system in Otago, New Zealand. It links the towns of Queenstown, Arrowtown, the suburb of Jack's Point and the area of Gibbston. It is at least 130 km in length but is not linear and instead follows the terrain often near rivers and lakes to link key places in a series of tracks that also access public land. In some places it also passes through private land such as working farms and users are encouraged to stay on the trail.
The trail is a joint venture between the Government, Queenstown Lakes District Council and the Queenstown Trails Trust.
Sectional curvature
In Riemannian geometry, the sectional curvature is one of the ways to describe the curvature of Riemannian manifolds. The sectional curvature K(σp) depends on a two-dimensional linear subspace σp of the tangent space at a point p of the manifold. It can be defined geometrically as the Gaussian curvature of the surface which has the plane σp as a tangent plane at p, obtained from geodesics which start at p in the directions of σp (in other words, the image of σp under the exponential map at p). The sectional curvature is a real-valued function on the 2-Grassmannian bundle over the manifold.

The sectional curvature determines the Riemann curvature tensor completely.

Exponential map (Riemannian geometry)
In Riemannian geometry, an exponential map is a map from a subset of a tangent space TpM of a Riemannian manifold (or pseudo-Riemannian manifold) M to M itself.  The (pseudo) Riemannian metric determines a canonical affine connection, and the exponential map of the (pseudo) Riemannian manifold is given by the exponential map of this connection.
Sirtori
Sirtori (Brianzöö: Sìrtur) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southwest of Lecco. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,844 and an area of 4.3 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi).

The municipality of Sirtori contains the frazione (subdivision) Bevera di Sirtori.

Sirtori borders the following municipalities: Barzago, Barzanò, Castello di Brianza, Missaglia, Perego, Rovagnate, Viganò.

Missaglia
Missaglia (Brianzöö: Massaja) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian Lombardy region, located at the centre of the area known as the Meratese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,805.  The comune, which covers an area of 11 square kilometres (4.2 sq mi), contains the frazioni (subdivisions, often villages or hamlets) of Contra, Lomaniga, Maresso and Missagliola

Missaglia borders the following comuni:

Casatenovo

Lomagna

Montevecchia

Monticello Brianza

Osnago

Perego

Sirtori

Viganò

Missaglia is twinned with La Roche-Posay in France.

Among the sites are the town library and the church of San Vittore.
Tambelan Islands
Tambelan Islands is a group of 68 islands off the west coast of West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia, just north of the equator. The archipelago is located on the north opening of Karimata Strait which separates Borneo and Belitung island. Geographically it is part of the Tudjuh Archipelago, and administratively forms a district (kecamatan) of Bintan Regency within the Riau Islands Province. It covers a land area of 90.4 km2 and had a population of 4,960 in mid 2022. Major islands include Big Tambelan (Tambelan Besar), Mendarik, Uwi, Benua, and Pejantan. The islands are divided into eight administrative villages (kelurahan) - Batu Lepuk, Kampung Hilir, Kampung Melayu, Kukup, Pengikik, Pulau Mentebung, Pulau Pinang and Teluk Sekuni. As a historical side note; It was the first Dutch territory captured by the Japanese in World War 2.

Tudjuh Archipelago
The Tudjuh Archipelago (Indonesian: Kepulauan Tujuh, lit. "Seven Islands") is a large group of islands in north-western Indonesia, off the west and north-west coast of the island of Borneo in the South China Sea. Administratively the islands belong to the Riau Islands province of Indonesia. The Tudjuh Archipelago consists of four island groups, the Badas Islands, the Tambelan Islands, the Natuna Islands, and the Anambas Islands.  The south-westernmost extent of the archipelago is 1°4′S 105°10′E﻿ / ﻿1.067°S 105.167°E﻿ / -1.067; 105.167.
Hazel Grove and Bramhall Urban District
53°22′01″N 2°08′24″W﻿ / ﻿53.367°N 2.140°W﻿ / 53.367; -2.140

Hazel Grove and Bramhall was an urban district in Cheshire, England, from 1900 to 1974. It was abolished in 1974 and the area became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester.

Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in England. It is south-east of central Manchester and south of Tameside. As well as the towns of Stockport, Bredbury and Marple, it includes the outlying villages and suburbs of Hazel Grove, Bramhall, Cheadle, Cheadle Hulme, Gatley, Reddish, Woodley and Romiley. In 2024, it had a population of 303,929, making it the fourth-most populous borough of Greater Manchester.
1971 All-America college football team
The 1971 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1971. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognizes five selectors as "official" for the 1971 season. They are: (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (4) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (5) the United Press International (UPI).

Nine players are recognized by the NCAA as unanimous All-America selections: quarterback and 1971 Heisman Trophy winner Pat Sullivan of Auburn; running backs Ed Marinaro of Cornell and Greg Pruitt of Oklahoma; receiver Terry Beasley of Auburn; tackle Jerry Sisemore of Texas; guard Royce Smith of Georgia; defensive end Walt Patulski of Notre Dame; linebacker Mike Taylor of Michigan; and defensive back Bobby Majors of Tennessee.

Mike Taylor (linebacker, born 1949)
Michael Taylor (born September 21, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Michigan from 1969 to 1971 and was a consensus All-American in 1971.  He played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Jets in 1972 and 1973. He also played for the Detroit Wheels in the World Football League in 1974.
Kelvingrove, Glasgow
Kelvingrove is a neighbourhood in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated north of the River Clyde in the West End of the city, and directly borders Kelvingrove Park to the north and the grounds of the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum to the west. Its other boundaries are not precisely defined, but roughly correspond to Sauchiehall Street to the south opposite the Sandyford neighbourhood, and the Charing Cross area to the east.

Sandyford, Glasgow
Sandyford is an area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is north of the River Clyde and forms part of the western periphery of the city centre. Formerly the name of a ward under Glasgow Town Council in the first part of the 20th century, it is within a continuous area of fairly dense urban development bordering several other neighbourhoods whose mutual boundaries have blurred over time, and is possibly less well known than all of the places which adjoin it, particularly Anderston and Finnieston.
Edgar Rennie Bowring
Sir Edgar Rennie Bowring (17 August 1858 – 23 June 1943) was a Newfoundland businessman and politician. He was born in St. John's, Newfoundland the grandson of Benjamin Bowring and cousin of Charles R. Bowring. Between 1918 and 1922 he was the Dominion of Newfoundland's first High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and would later serve as the dominion's final High Commissioner to London from 1933 to 1934 when self-government was suspended.

In business, he was chairman of C. T. Bowring and Co. and also of Bowring Brothers.

He was knighted in 1915.  He married Flora Munn, a widow, in 1888 and she died in 1939; they had no children.

He was responsible for the creation of Bowring Park in St. John's, Newfoundland. His stepson and protege, John Shannon Munn, and step-grandchild, Betty Munn, died in the wreck of the SS Florizel in 1918, and in her memory he had a statue of Peter Pan erected in the park.

SS Florizel
SS Florizel, was a passenger liner, the flagship of the Bowring Brothers' Red Cross Line of steamships and one of the first ships in the world specifically designed to navigate icy waters. During her last voyage, from St. John's to New York City, via Halifax, she sank after striking a reef at Horn Head Point, near Cappahayden, Newfoundland, with the loss of 94 including Betty Munn, a three-year-old girl, in whose memory a statue of Peter Pan was erected at Bowring Park in St. John's.
Deuterated dichloromethane
Deuterated dichloromethane (CD2Cl2 or C2H2Cl2) is a form (isotopologue) of dichloromethane (DCM, CH2Cl2) in which the hydrogen atoms (H) are deuterium (heavy hydrogen) (2H or D). Deuterated DCM is not a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy as it is expensive compared to deuterated chloroform.

Deuterated chloroform
Deuterated chloroform, also known as chloroform-d, is the organic compound with the formula CDCl3. Deuterated chloroform is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. The properties of CDCl3 and ordinary CHCl3 (chloroform) are virtually identical.

Deuterochloroform was first made in 1935 during the years of research on deuterium.
Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf, a grade two race run on grass on Friday of the Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships.

Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf
The Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf is a one-mile turf stakes race for thoroughbred fillies two years old. As its name implies, it is part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships, the de facto year-end championship for North American thoroughbred racing.

The race was run for the first time in 2008 during the first day of Breeders' Cup racing at that year's host track, Santa Anita Park. Because of technical requirements, it was not eligible for classification as a graded stakes race in its first two runnings. The American Graded Stakes Committee made it a Grade II race in 2010. Effective with the 2012 edition, it became a Grade I race.
Gusto (TV channel)
Gusto TV is a Canadian English-language Category B specialty channel. Owned by Knight Enterprises, it features oriented programming related to food, cooking, and cuisine.

The channel was originally established in 2013, but in May 2016, Knight licensed Canadian rights to the Gusto brand and associated programming to Bell Media. The company would relaunch the channel on September 1, using a Category A license formerly used by its music and entertainment channel M3 (formerly MuchMoreMusic, which was launched in 1998 by CHUM Limited). Gusto TV later relaunched independently in Canada in 2022.

Knight Enterprises
Knight Enterprises is an independent television production and broadcasting company based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Since it began in May 1996, Knight Enterprises has produced more than 400 half hours of television.  Knight Enterprises is best known for food television series including "The Great Canadian Food Show," "Cook Like a Chef," "Licence to Grill," "Junk Brothers," as well as, "This Food That Wine".  In December 2013, Knight Enterprises entered the broadcasting landscape with the launch of its first-ever television channel - Gusto.