hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ram Singh of Bharatpur
Maharaja Ram Singh Kaiser-i-Hind (1873 – 1929) was the ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Bharatpur (1893–1900) and the successor of Maharaja Jaswant Singh. 
His ruling powers were suspended on 10 August 1900 after the murder of one of his personal servants after which he was exiled to Agra.
He was succeeded by his wife Maharani Girraj Kaur who was the regent for her son Kishan Singh from 27 August 1900 to 28 November 1918 until he came of age.

Kishan Singh of Bharatpur
Maharaja Sir Kishan Singh, KCSI (1899–1929) was a ruler of the princely state of Bharatpur. Singh was a supporter of the Arya Samaj and its Shuddhi movement, which aimed at reconverting individuals to Hinduism. With the backing of royal courts like his, the Hindu Mahasabha and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) gained prominence. V. D. Savarkar of the Mahasabha actively pursued a strategy of engaging with Hindu rulers. During his reign, Kishan Singh replaced Nastaliq with Nagari as the official script and prohibited the teaching of Urdu and Persian in state schools.
Boeing C-137 Stratoliner
The Boeing C-137 Stratoliner is a retired VIP transport aircraft derived from the Boeing 707 jet airliner used by the United States Air Force. Other nations also bought both new and used 707s for military service, primarily as VIP or tanker transports. In addition, the 707 served as the basis for several specialized versions, such as the E-3 Sentry AWACS aircraft. The designation C-18 covers several later variants based on the 707-320B/C series. The C-137 should not be confused with the similar Boeing C-135 Stratolifter; although they share a common ancestor the two aircraft have different fuselages, among other structural differences.

Pratt & Whitney JT3D
The Pratt & Whitney JT3D is an early turbofan aircraft engine derived from the Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet. It was first run in 1958 and was first flown in 1959 under a B-45 Tornado test aircraft. Over 8,000 JT3Ds were produced between 1959 and 1985. Most JT3D engines still in service today are used on military aircraft, where the engine is referred to by its US military designation of TF33.
Belle Isle (Miami Beach)
Belle Isle is a neighborhood in the city of Miami Beach on an island in Biscayne Bay, Florida, United States. It is the easternmost of the Venetian Islands, a chain of artificial islands in Biscayne Bay in the cities of Miami and Miami Beach. It is home to apartment buildings, a portion of the Venetian Causeway, a city of Miami Beach park, and a hotel. It is between Rivo Alto Island and the main barrier island of Miami Beach.

Flamingo Hotel, Miami Beach
The Flamingo Hotel overlooked Biscayne Bay on the west side of the newly formed city of Miami Beach, Florida, until the 1950s, when it was torn down to make room for the new Morton Towers development, which is now known as the Flamingo South Beach.
Real Audiencia
A Real Audiencia (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal awˈðjenθja]), or simply an Audiencia (Catalan: Reial Audiència, Audiència Reial, or Audiència), was an appellate court in Spain and its empire. The name of the institution literally translates as Royal Audience. The additional designation chancillería (or cancillería, Catalan: cancelleria, English: chancellery) was applied to the appellate courts in early modern Spain. Each audiencia had oidores (Spanish: 'judges', literally, 'hearers'").

Real Audiencia of Quito
The Real Audiencia of Quito (sometimes referred to as la Presidencia de Quito or el Reino de Quito) was an administrative unit in the Spanish Empire which had political, military, and religious jurisdiction over territories that today include Ecuador, parts of northern Peru, parts of southern Colombia and parts of northern Brazil. It was created by Royal Decree on 29 August 1563 by Philip II of Spain in the city of Guadalajara. It ended in 1822 with the incorporation of the area into the Republic of Gran Colombia.
Doriemus
Doriemus (17 November 1990 – 11 January 2015) was a Thoroughbred racehorse who began his career in New Zealand and rose to prominence in Australia by winning the Caulfield and Melbourne Cups in 1995. He was the eighth of just nine horses to complete the double in the same year.

Caulfield Cup
The Caulfield Cup is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race held under handicap conditions. 
This is for all horses aged three years old and older. It takes place over a distance of 2400 metres at the Caulfield Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in mid October. The prize money is A$5,000,000.
Context-free language
In formal language theory, a  context-free language (CFL), also called a Chomsky type-2 language, is a language generated by a context-free grammar (CFG).

Context-free languages have many applications in programming languages, in particular, most arithmetic expressions are generated by context-free grammars.

Chomsky hierarchy
The Chomsky hierarchy in the fields of formal language theory, computer science, and linguistics, is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars. A formal grammar describes how to form strings from a formal language's alphabet that are valid according to the language's syntax. The linguist Noam Chomsky theorized that four different classes of formal grammars existed that could generate increasingly complex languages. Each class can also completely generate the language of all inferior classes (set inclusive).
Coorong National Park
Coorong National Park is a protected area located in South Australia about 156 kilometres (97 mi) south-east of Adelaide, that predominantly covers a coastal lagoon ecosystem officially known as The Coorong and the Younghusband Peninsula on the Coorong's southern side. The western end of the Coorong lagoon is at the Murray Mouth near Hindmarsh Island and the Sir Richard Peninsula, and it extends about 130 kilometres (81 mi) south-eastwards. Road access is from Meningie. The beach on the coastal side of the peninsula, the longest in Australia, is also commonly called The Coorong.

The Coorong lies within the traditional lands of the Ngarrindjeri people, an Aboriginal Australian group. Notable locations within the park include Salt Creek, Policeman's Point, Jack Point, and Woods Well.

Protected areas of South Australia
Protected areas of South Australia, consisting of protected areas located within South Australia and its immediate onshore waters and which are managed by South Australian Government agencies. As of 2018, South Australia contained 359 separate protected areas declared under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, the Crown Land Management Act 2009 and the Wilderness Protection Act 1992. Together, they cover a total land area of 211,387.48 km2 (81,617.16 sq mi) or 21.5% of the state's area.
Orto Botanico dell'Università di Camerino
The Orto Botanico dell'Università di Camerino, also known as the Orto Botanico di Camerino, is a nearly 1 hectare (2.5 acres) botanical garden operated by the University of Camerino, and located at Viale Oberdan 2, Camerino, Province of Macerata, Marche, Italy.

The garden was established in 1828 by Vincenzo Ottaviani, from 1826-1841 papal physician and professor of botany and chemistry. It is divided into two main parts: a flat area with shrubs and herbaceous species, and a slope with many trees and ferns.

Camerino
Camerino is a  town in the province of Macerata, Marche, central-eastern Italy. It is located in the Apennines bordering Umbria, between the valleys of the rivers Potenza and Chienti, about 64 kilometres (40 mi) from Ancona.

Camerino is  home to the University of Camerino, founded in the Middle Ages.
Desa Wisata Sermo
Desa Wisata Sermo (Sermo Tourist Village) is a small village located adjacent to Waduk Sermo (Sermo Dam), the main water source of Hargowilis, Kecamatan Kokap, Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Desa Wisata Sermo is located approximately 35 km west of Yogyakarta and only 7 km from Wates, the capital city of Kulon Progo Regency.

The village is surrounded by a mountain range which includes a conservation area where hunting and logging are prohibited. The village is situated next to Waduk Sermo (Sermo Dam), the only dam in Yogyakarta.

Tourist village (Indonesia)
In Indonesia, a tourist village (desa wisata) is a village officially designated as one that welcomes tourism.  In the Special Region of Yogyakarta (which includes the Sleman Regency), the concept was embraced around 2000 with dozens of villages being dubbed as tourist villages.

According to a 2009 report in The Jakarta Post there were 48 tourist villages listed in Yogyakarta, though only ten were actually operating as such, including: Kebonagung, Manding, Krebet, Kasongan (Bantul), Trumpon, Turgo, Ketingan, Brayut, Gamplong (Sleman), Sermo and Bobung (Gunungkidul).  The designation as a "tourist village" may not mean that the village is actually developed for tourism, but that it is believed the potential for tourism exists.

Nearby Mount Merapi helped encourage a number of villages to be named tourist villages.
National Museum of Serbia
The National Museum of Serbia (Serbian: Народни музеј Србије / Narodni muzej Srbije) is the largest and oldest museum in Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in the central zone of Belgrade on a square plot between the Republic Square, formerly Theatre Square, and three streets: Čika Ljubina, Vasina and Laze Pačua. Its main facade is on the Republic Square and the official address is 1a Republic Square.

The museum was established on 10 May 1844. It moved into the present building in 1950, with the grand opening of the venue on 23 May 1952. Since its founding, the museum's collection has grown to over 400,000 objects, including many foreign masterpieces.

The National Museum of Serbia  building was declared a Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1979.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (/rɛnˈwɑːr/; French: [pjɛʁ oɡyst ʁənwaʁ]; 25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919) was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. It has been said that, as a celebrator of beauty and especially feminine sensuality, "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to Watteau."

He was the father of the actor Pierre Renoir (1885–1952), the filmmaker Jean Renoir (1894–1979) and the ceramic artist Claude Renoir (1901–1969). He was the grandfather of the filmmaker Claude Renoir (1913–1993), son of Pierre.
Laxton, Nottinghamshire
Laxton is a village in the civil parish of Laxton and Moorhouse, in the Newark and Sherwood district, in the English county of Nottinghamshire, situated about 25 miles northeast of Nottingham city centre. The population of the civil parish (including Moorhouse) at the 2021 census was 251.

Newark and Sherwood
Newark and Sherwood is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest district by area in the county. The council is based in Newark-on-Trent, the area's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Southwell and Ollerton along with a large rural area containing many villages. Much of the district lies within the ancient Sherwood Forest and there are also extensive forestry plantations in the area.

The neighbouring districts are Rushcliffe, Gedling, Ashfield, Mansfield, Bassetlaw, West Lindsey, North Kesteven, South Kesteven and Melton. In 2021 it had a population of 123,383.
Dyksterhuzen
Dyksterhuzen (Dutch: Dijksterhuizen [ˈdɛikstərˌɦœyzə(n)]) is a hamlet in the Dutch municipality of Waadhoeke in the province of Friesland. It is located northwest of Ingelum and east of Bitgummole, of which it is a part administratively. The settlement of the hamlet is located on the eponymous road, Dyksterhuzen. The residences are both houses and farms. The N398, a trunk road, forms the division between the hamlet and the village of Bitgummole.

Waadhoeke
Waadhoeke is a municipality of Friesland in the northern Netherlands. It was established 1 January 2018 and consists of the former municipalities of Franekeradeel, het Bildt, Menameradiel and parts of Littenseradiel, all four of which were dissolved on the same day.

The municipality is located in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands. Waadhoeke is bordered by Harlingen, Terschelling, Noardeast-Fryslân, Leeuwarden and Súdwest-Fryslân. The population in January 2019 was 46,133. It is Friesland's sixth most populous municipality. The largest population centre (2018 population, 12,793) is Franeker. The residents speak Dutch, West Frisian or Bildts (a dialect in the former municipality het Bildt).
Sheffield baronets
The Sheffield Baronetcy, of Normanby in the County of Lincoln, is a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 1 March 1755 for Charles Herbert Sheffield, the illegitimate son of John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby.

On the death of his half brother, Edmund Sheffield, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, in 1735, he inherited the family estates including Buckingham House which was sold to George III in 1762 and Normanby Hall which latter remained the family residence until 1963. Thereafter the family's home was Sutton Park, York.

The fourth baronet served as High Sheriff of Lincolnshire in 1817 and the fifth baronet in 1872. The sixth baronet sat as Conservative member of parliament for Brigg.

Samantha Cameron is the daughter of the eighth Baronet and Cara Delevingne is the great-great-granddaughter of the sixth baronet.

John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby
John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (8 September 1647 – 24 February 1721) was a British military officer, writer and Tory politician who served as Lord Privy Seal and Lord President of the Council. He was also known by his original title, Lord Mulgrave.
Iskar Glacier
Iskar Glacier (Bulgarian: Искарски ледник, romanized: Iskarski lednik, IPA: [ˈiskɐrski ˈlɛdnik]) is a glacier in Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica situated southeast of lower Huron Glacier, west-southwest of Sopot Ice Piedmont, and north of Dobrudzha and Magura Glaciers. It drains the north slopes of the Tangra Mountains between Helmet Peak to the west and Delchev Peak to the east, and flows northward into Bruix Cove between Yana Point and Rila Point.

The feature is named after the Iskar River in western Bulgaria.

Helmet Peak (Livingston Island)
Helmet Peak is a conspicuous peak rising to 1,254 metres (4,114 ft) in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica just southward of the mouth of Huron Glacier. It is bounded by Devnya Valley to the west, Iskar Glacier to the northeast, and Magura Glacier to the southeast, and has precipitous west and east slopes. It was named by Discovery Investigations personnel during the period 1926–32.
RAF Leuchars
Royal Air Force Leuchars or more simply RAF Leuchars (IATA: ADX, ICAO: EGQL) is a former Royal Air Force station located in Leuchars, Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. Throughout the Cold War and beyond, the station was home to fighter aircraft which policed northern UK airspace. The station ceased to be an RAF station at 12:00 hrs on 31 March 2015 when it became Leuchars Station and control of the site was transferred to the British Army. The RAF temporarily returned to Leuchars between August and October 2020 to carry out QRA (I) responsibilities while runway works were being carried out at RAF Lossiemouth.

Leuchars
Leuchars (pronounced /ˈluːxərs/ ⓘ or /ˈluːkərz/; Scottish Gaelic: Luachar "rushes") is a town and parish near the north-east coast of Fife in Scotland.

The civil parish has a population of 5,754 (in 2011)  and an area of 13,357 acres (5,405 hectares).
Mike Grier
Michael James Grier (born January 5, 1975) is an American former professional ice hockey winger and current general manager of the San Jose Sharks in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Edmonton Oilers, Washington Capitals, Buffalo Sabres, and San Jose Sharks. Primarily a checking forward, he played 1,060 games over 14 seasons. He was the first African-American NHL player to train exclusively in the United States, and the league's first black general manager.

Saint Sebastian's School
Saint Sebastian's School is an independent, all-boys Catholic secondary day school located in Needham, Massachusetts. The school enrolls around 380 boys in grades 7–12.

St. Sebastian's is the only Catholic school in the Independent School League. Its athletic teams have produced a number of professional athletes. The ice hockey team has produced 6 NHL first-round draft picks and 31 draft picks in total.
Alan Gogaev
Alan Kazbekovich Gogaev (Russian: Алан Казбекович Гогаев; born 8 March 1990) is a Russian freestyle wrestler. He was the runner up at the 2010 World Wrestling Championships in Moscow, Russia, won bronze at the 2017 World Championships in Paris and was European Champion in 2012 in Belgrade, Serbia. He competed in the 66 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where he was defeated in the first round by Zalimkhan Yusupov from Tajikistan.

Zalimkhan Yusupov (wrestler)
Zalimkhan Yusupov (born 19 February 1984 in Makhachkala) is a Russian-born Tajikistani freestyle wrestler. He competed in the freestyle 66 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics; after defeating Alan Gogayev in the qualifications, he was eliminated by Haislan Garcia in the 1/8 finals.
Crompus
Crompus is a genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae. Crompus are terrestrial insects in the Ischnorhynchinae subfamily of seed bugs that are endemic to Australia. There are three described species in Crompus.

Lygaeidae
The Lygaeidae are a family in the Hemiptera (true bugs), with more than 110 genera in four subfamilies. The family is commonly referred to as seed bugs, and less commonly, milkweed bugs, or ground bugs. Many  species feed on seeds, some on sap or seed pods, others are omnivores and a few, such as the wekiu bug, are insectivores. Insects in this family are distributed across the world.

The family was vastly larger, but numerous former subfamilies have been removed and given independent family status, including  the Artheneidae, Blissidae, Cryptorhamphidae, Cymidae, Geocoridae, Heterogastridae, Ninidae, Oxycarenidae and Rhyparochromidae, which together constituted well over half of the former family.

The bizarre and mysterious beetle-like Psamminae were formerly often placed in the Piesmatidae, but this is almost certainly incorrect. Their true affiliations are not entirely resolved.
Camp Merritt Memorial Monument
The Camp Merritt Memorial Monument is dedicated to the soldiers who passed through Camp Merritt, New Jersey on their way to fight in Europe in World War I, especially the 578 people – 15 officers, 558 enlisted men, four nurses and one civilian – who died at the camp due to the worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918, whose names are inscribed at the base of the monument.  The memorial is located at the center of the traffic circle on the borders of Cresskill and Dumont in Bergen County, New Jersey, at the intersection of Madison Avenue and Knickerbocker Road (CR 505). Camp Merritt was a major embarkation camp which processed more than a million soldiers, and the monument marks its center.  Bergen County purchased the property for the site of the monument in 1919.

Cresskill, New Jersey
Cresskill is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 9,155, an increase of 582 (+6.8%) from the 2010 census count of 8,573, which in turn reflected an increase of 827 (+10.7%) from the 7,746 counted in the 2000 census. This town got its name from "Cress", referring to the watercress that grew in its streams, and "Kill", referring to the stream passing through.
Grace Quan
Grace Quan is a modern reconstruction of a Chinese-American shrimp fishing junk, similar to those in the fleet that operated in San Francisco Bay in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The junk was built in 2003 as a joint project between China Camp State Park in San Rafael, California and the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, and is now jointly exhibited and operated by both institutions. It functions as a "working sailing museum" to educate the public about a previously forgotten chapter in the history of Chinese-American immigrants to California.

China Camp State Park
China Camp State Park is a state park in Marin County, California, surrounding a historic Chinese American shrimp-fishing village and a salt marsh. The park is located in San Rafael, California, on the shore of San Pablo Bay. It is known for its hiking and mountain biking trails, scenic views, and open spaces. The 1,514-acre (613 ha) park was established in 1976. A 75-acre (30 ha) district, including the shrimping village and a prehistoric shell midden, were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for having state-level significance in archaeology, architecture, commerce, settlement, and social history. China Camp State Park, along with the Rush Ranch Open Space Preserve, is part of the San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve.
Leaching (pedology)
In pedology, leaching is the removal of soluble materials from one zone in soil to another via water movement in the profile. It is a mechanism of soil formation distinct from the soil forming process of eluviation, which is the loss of mineral and organic colloids. Leached and eluviated materials tend to be lost from topsoil and deposited in subsoil.  A soil horizon accumulating leached and eluviated materials is referred to as a zone of illuviation.

Laterite soil, which develops in regions with high temperature and heavy rainfall, is an example of this process in action.

Illuvium
Illuvium is material displaced across a soil profile, from one layer to another one, by the action of rainwater. The removal of material from a soil layer is called eluviation. The transport of the material may be either mechanical or chemical.  The process of deposition of illuvium is termed illuviation. It is a water-assisted transport in a basically vertical direction, as compared to  alluviation, the horizontal running water transfer. The resulting deposits are called illuvial deposits. Cutans are a type of illuvial deposit.

Illuvium includes organic matter, silicate clay, and hydrous oxides of iron and aluminum.

Illuvial deposits of clays, oxides, and organics accumulate in subsoil as distinctive soil horizons classified as "B horizons" or "zones of illuviation".
Iver Kleive
Iver Kleive (born 25 May 1949 in Skien, Norway) is a Norwegian composer and organist. He is known for his composing style which is a fusion of traditional church music with other musical idioms such as blues, jazz, and Norwegian folk music. He has appeared in nearly 200 recordings as a studio musician, composer and arranger.

Sigmund Groven
Sigmund Groven (born 16 March 1946 in Heddal, Telemark) is a Norwegian classical harmonica player, today considered one of the world's leading classical harmonica players. He plays with a large number of the world's leading musicians and orchestras, and he has made 23 recordings yet in his own name (compilations not counted). His repertoire ranges from popular and folk music to his own compositions, from Bach to contemporary music.
Kangema
Kangema is a settlement in Muranga County, Kenya. It is the birthplace of James Mwangi, the Group Managing Director and Group Chief Executive Officer of the Equity Group Holdings Limited, the banking conglomerate with the largest customer base on the African continent, in excess of 8 million as of 2014.

Murang'a County
Murang'a County is a county in Central, Kenya in the Mount Kenya region. Its largest town and capital is Murang'a, which was referred to as Fort Hall during the colonial era. The county is inhabited mainly by, and is considered the birthplace of the Gikuyu, the largest ethnic group in Kenya. The county had a population of 1,056,640 as of the 2019 census.