hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Société Anversoise du Commerce au Congo
The Société Anversoise (English: Company of Antwerp) was a concession company of the Congo Free State, headquartered in Antwerp. It was, with the Lulonga Company and the Abir Congo Company, one of the main producers of rubber in the Free State.  Alongside Abir and the Lulonga Company the Société Anversoise handed back control of the concession to the Congo Free State in 1906.  The Société Anversoise merged with Abir in 1911 to form the Compagnie du Congo Belge with a focus of the management of rubber plantations instead of the harvesting of naturally occurring rubber.  The Société Anversoise was quoted on the Stock Exchange in Antwerp from 27 July 1898.

Lulonga Company
The Lulonga Company was a concession company of the Congo Free State.  It was, with the Société Anversoise and the Abir Congo Company, one of the main producers of rubber in the Free State.  The company's rubber production declined in the early 20th century as a result of over harvesting of the natural rubber vine (Landolphia owariensis gentili) and the entire concession produced just seven tons of rubber in 1905.  Like Abir and the Société Anversoise, the Lulonga Company handed back control of the concession to the Congo Free State in 1906.
Tsurumai Line
The Tsurumai Line (鶴舞線, Tsurumai-sen) is a subway line in Nagoya, Japan, part of the Nagoya Municipal Subway system. It runs from Kami-Otai in Nishi-ku, Nagoya to Akaike in Nisshin. The Tsurumai Line's color on maps is light blue and stations are labeled with the prefix "T". Officially, the line is called the Nagoya City Rapid Railway Line 3 (名古屋市高速度鉄道第3号線, Nagoya-shi Kōsokudo Tetsudō Dai-san-gō-sen). All stations accept manaca, a rechargeable contactless smart card, and other major Japanese IC cards.

The line opened its first section in 1977. The line has through services with three Meitetsu lines, namely the Inuyama Line, Toyota Line, and Mikawa Line. It is currently the only subway line to leave the Nagoya city limits.

Meitetsu Toyota Line
The Meitetsu Toyota Line (名鉄豊田線, Meitetsu Toyota-sen) is a 15.2 km (9.4 mi) railway line in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Meitetsu (Nagoya Railroad) connecting Umetsubo station in Toyota with Akaike Station in Nisshin. The line operates a through service onto the Nagoya Subway Tsurumai Line at Akaike.
Mammillaria laui
Mammillaria laui is a species of cactus in the genus Mammillaria, native to Tamaulipas state in Mexico. A number of subspecies were described, occurring along an elevation gradient; these are no longer accepted. It is listed as Critically Endangered (CR) in the wild.

Mammillaria
Mammillaria is one of the largest genera in the cactus family (Cactaceae), with currently 200 known species and varieties recognized. Most of the mammillarias are native to Mexico, while some come from the Southwestern United States, the Caribbean, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras and Venezuela. The common name "pincushion cactus" refers to this genus and the closely related Escobaria.

The first species was described by Carl Linnaeus as Cactus mammillaris in 1753, deriving its name from the Latin mammilla, "nipple", referring to the tubercles that are among the distinctive features of the genus. Numerous species are commonly known as globe cactus, nipple cactus, birthday cake cactus, fishhook cactus or pincushion cactus (though such terms are also commonly used for related taxa, such as Escobaria or Ferocactus).
In Arabian Nights
In Arabian Nights (subtitled "A caravan of Moroccan dreams") is a travel book by Anglo-Afghan author Tahir Shah illustrated by Laetitia Bermejo. which takes up where his previous book The Caliph's House leaves off, recounting, among much else, events at Dar Khalifa, the Caliph's House, in Casablanca where the Shah family have taken up residence.

Tahir Shah
Tahir Shah (Persian: طاهر شاه, Gujarati: તાહિર શાહ; né Sayyid Tahir al-Hashimi (Arabic: سيد طاهر الهاشمي); born 16 November 1966) is a British author, journalist and documentary maker of Afghan-Indian descent.
West Kowloon Highway
West Kowloon Highway is a section of Route 3 in Hong Kong, built as part of the Airport Core Programme. This dual-three-lane expressway runs for 4.2 km (2.6 mi), connecting Western Harbour Crossing in the south with Tsing Kwai Highway in the north. While the southern section of the road is at grade, the northern part is on a viaduct in order to accommodate the MTR Tung Chung line and the Airport Express.

It is not to be confused with the older West Kowloon Corridor (currently part of Route 5), which is partly parallel to the West Kowloon Highway.

This expressway originally had a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph), but it was increased to 100 km/h (60 mph) because of the smooth shape of the road.

Western Harbour Crossing
The Western Harbour Crossing (WHC) is a dual three-lane immersed tube tunnel in Hong Kong. It is the third road tunnel to cross Victoria Harbour, linking reclaimed land in Yau Ma Tei in West Kowloon with Sai Ying Pun on Hong Kong Island. It was constructed by the Western Harbour Tunnel Company Limited (WHTCL), which also operated the tunnel from 1993 to 2023 under a build-operate-transfer (BOT) model on a 30-year franchise contract with the Hong Kong government.

The tunnel was the first three-lane road tunnel in Asia to be constructed using submerged pipe.: 7–11  It was built as part of the Airport Core Programme, which included other infrastructure projects to support the Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok. The tunnel carries on the Route 3 designation from the West Kowloon Highway and connects to Route 4 on Hong Kong Island.
Palazzo Vecchio
The Palazzo Vecchio (Italian: [paˈlattso ˈvɛkkjo]; Italian for 'Old Palace') is the town hall of Florence, Italy. It overlooks the Piazza della Signoria, which holds a copy of Michelangelo's David statue, and the gallery of statues in the adjacent Loggia dei Lanzi.

Originally called the Palazzo della Signoria, after the Signoria of Florence, the ruling body of the Republic of Florence, this building was also known by several other names: Palazzo del Popolo, Palazzo dei Priori, and Palazzo Ducale, in accordance with the varying use of the palace during its long history. The building acquired its current name when the Medici duke's residence was moved across the Arno River to the Palazzo Pitti.

Cosimo de' Medici
Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician who became the de facto first ruler of Florence during the Italian Renaissance, establishing the Medici family as its effective leaders for generations. His power derived from his wealth as a banker and intermarriage with other rich and powerful families. He was a patron of arts, learning, and architecture. He spent over 600,000 gold florins (approx. $500 million inflation adjusted) on art and culture, including Donatello's David, the first freestanding nude male sculpture since antiquity.

Despite his influence, his power was not absolute; he was viewed by fellow Florentine politicians as first among equals rather than an autocrat. Florence's legislative councils resisted his proposals throughout his political career, even sending him into exile from 1433 to 1434.
Mitra–Varuna
Mitra and Varuna (Sanskrit: mitrā́váruṇā) are two deities frequently referred to in the ancient Indian scripture of the Rigveda. They are both considered Ādityas, meaning sons of Aditi; and they are protectors of the righteous order of Ṛta. Their connection is so close that they are frequently linked in the dvandva compound Mitra–Varuna.

Mitra-Varuna is also the title of a 1940 book in Proto-Indo-European mythology by Georges Dumézil.

Adityas
In Hinduism, Adityas (Sanskrit: आदित्य, lit. 'of Aditi' IAST: Āditya Sanskrit pronunciation: [aːd̪ɪt̪jɐ]) refers to a group of major solar deities, who are the offspring of the Goddess Aditi. The name Aditya, in the singular, is taken to refer to the sun god Surya. Generally, Adityas are 6-8 in number and consist of Daksha, Mitra, Varuna, Bhaga, Amsha, Aryaman, and Martanda. Additionally, they include Vivasvan, Tvashta, Savita, Dhata, Pushan, Indra and Vishnu.

They appear in the Rig Veda, where they are 6–8 in number, all male. The number increases to 12 in the Brahmanas. The Mahabharata and the Puranas mention the sage Kashyapa  as their father. In each month of the year a different Aditya is said to shine.
Pálinka
Pálinka (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈpaːliŋkɒ] ⓘ) is a traditional fruit spirit (or fruit brandy) with origins in medieval Hungary, known under several names. Protected as a geographical indication of the European Union, only fruit spirits mashed, distilled, matured and bottled in Hungary and similar apricot spirits from four provinces of Austria can be called "pálinka", while "Tótpálinka" refers to wheat-derived beverages. Törkölypálinka, a different product in the legal sense, is a similarly protected pomace spirit that is commonly included with pálinka. While pálinka may be made of any locally grown fruit, the most common ones are plums, apricots, apples, pears, and cherries.

A similar product exists in the Czech Republic and Slovakia where it is known as pálenka, and in Romania (Transylvania), Italy, and Greece under the name palincă. In Turkey it is known as Boğma.

Plum
A plum is a fruit of some species in Prunus subg. Prunus. Dried plums are usually called prunes.

Plums are likely to have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans, with origins in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus Mountains and China. They were brought to Britain from Asia, and their cultivation has been documented in Andalusia, southern Spain. Plums are a diverse group of species, with trees reaching a height of 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) when pruned. The fruit is a drupe, with a firm and juicy flesh.  Plums can be eaten fresh, dried to make prunes, used in jams, or fermented into wine and distilled into brandy. Plum seeds (also called kernels) contain the cyanide-like poison, amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside.

In 2023, China produced 55% of the world total of plums. Japanese or Chinese plums dominate the fresh fruit market, while European plums are also common in some regions.
Königsallee (Düsseldorf)
The Königsallee (German pronunciation: [ˈkøːnɪçsʔaˌleː] ⓘ; literally "King's Avenue") is an urban boulevard in Düsseldorf, state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The Königsallee is noted for both the landscaped canal that runs along its center, as well as for the fashion showrooms and luxury retail stores located along its sides.

Nicknamed Kö (German pronunciation: [køː] ⓘ) by locals, the Königsallee is one of Germany's busiest upscale shopping streets.

Boulevard
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district.

In Europe, boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.

In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lane thoroughfares divided with only a central median.
Jong Il-gwan
Jong Il-gwan (Korean: 정일관; born 30 October 1992) is a North Korean professional footballer who plays as a striker for DPR Korea Premier Football League club Ryomyong and the North Korea national team. He is the country's all-time top scorer.

2010 AFC U-19 Championship
The 2010 AFC U-19 Championship was the 36th edition of the tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation.

Qualification for the tournament started in October 2009 with the finals tournament being hosted in October 2010.

The AFC recommended China as the host for the 2010 AFC U-19 Championship Finals, which was subject to approval on 9 February 2010 and confirmed the hosting right's and finals venue of Zibo on 18 February 2010. The top four teams qualified for the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Islands Regulation of the Netherlands Antilles
The Islands Regulation of the Netherlands Antilles (Dutch: Eilandenregeling Nederlandse Antillen, ERNA; Papiamento: Regulashon Insular delas Antias Hulandes, RIAH) described the autonomy of the island territories of the Netherlands Antilles. It was enacted on 3 March 1951 by royal decree and remained in force, in a consolidated form, until the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles on 10 October 2010.

Together with the Constitution of the Netherlands Antilles, the Islands Regulation described the foundation of the government of the Netherlands Antilles. The fact that the Constitution depended on the Islands Regulation led many scholars to regard the Netherlands Antilles as a federal arrangement.

Island territories of the Netherlands Antilles
The island territories of the Netherlands Antilles (Dutch: eilandgebieden) were the top-level administrative subdivisions of the Netherlands Antilles. The government of each island territory consisted of three major parts:

The island council (eilandsraad) – the local parliament, elected every four years.

The executive council (bestuurscollege) – the executive board of the island territory, comparable to the Dutch provincial executive and municipal executive.

The lieutenant governor (gezaghebber) – chair of the island council and executive council, appointed by the Crown for a six-year term.
Polynomial-time approximation scheme
In computer science (particularly algorithmics), a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) is a type of approximation algorithm for optimization problems (most often, NP-hard optimization problems).

A PTAS is an algorithm which takes an instance of an optimization problem and a parameter ε > 0 and produces a solution that is within a factor 1 + ε of being optimal (or 1 – ε for maximization problems). For example, for the Euclidean traveling salesman problem, a PTAS would produce a tour with length at most (1 + ε)L, with L being the length of the shortest tour.

The running time of a PTAS is required to be polynomial in the problem size for every fixed ε, but can be different for different ε. Thus an algorithm running in time O(n1/ε) or even O(nexp(1/ε)) counts as a PTAS.

Approximation-preserving reduction
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, especially the study of approximation algorithms, an approximation-preserving reduction is an algorithm for transforming one optimization problem into another problem, such that the distance of solutions from optimal is preserved to some degree.  Approximation-preserving reductions are a subset of more general reductions in complexity theory; the difference is that approximation-preserving reductions usually make statements on approximation problems or optimization problems, as opposed to decision problems.

Intuitively, problem A is reducible to problem B via an approximation-preserving reduction if, given an instance of problem A and a (possibly approximate) solver for problem B, one can convert the instance of problem A into an instance of problem B, apply the solver for problem B, and recover a solution for problem A that also has some guarantee of approximation.
S2 Yachts
S2 Yachts is an American boat builder based in Holland, Michigan. From 1974 until 1989 the company specialized in the design and manufacture of fiberglass sailboats and it continues as a builder of motorboats.

The company was founded by Leon Slikkers in 1974 and remained in business in 2019 as the parent company of Tiara Yachts.

S2 6.7
The S2 6.7 Grand Slam is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Don Wennersten as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1980. The designation indicates the approximate length overall in meters.

The S2 6.7 was developed into the S2 6.9 in 1983.
Louis Philippe (brand)
Louis Philippe is a premium brand of men's apparel originating from India. It is a subsidiary of Madura Fashion & Lifestyle. It is a division of the Indian conglomerate Aditya Birla Group, and was founded in 1989. Named after Louis Philippe, King of France from 1830 to 1848, the brand is one of the largest apparel brands in India, as of 2018.

Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail
Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited (ABFRL) is an Indian fashion retail company headquartered in Mumbai. It emerged after the consolidation of the branded apparel businesses of Aditya Birla Nuvo Limited (ABNL), comprising ABNL's Madura Fashion division and ABNL's subsidiaries Pantaloons Fashion and Retail (PFRL) and Madura Fashion & Lifestyle (MFL), in May 2015. Post consolidation, PFRL was renamed Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Ltd.
Ostren
Ostren (Macedonian: Острени/Ostreni) is a former municipality in the Dibër County, eastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Bulqizë. The population at the 2011 census was 3,034. It consists of 13 villages.

Bulqizë
Bulqizë (Albanian: [ˈbulˈcizə]; Albanian definite form: Bulqiza) is a municipality in Dibër County, northeastern Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Fushë-Bulqizë, Gjoricë, Martanesh, Ostren, Shupenzë, Trebisht, Zerqan with Bulqizë constituting its seat. As of the 2023 census, there were 7,875 people residing in Bulqizë and 26,826 in Bulqizë Municipality.
Poso Kota
Poso Kota (pronunciationⓘ) is a district in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Along with the neighboring districts of North Poso Kota (situated to the east of Poso Kota) and South Poso Kota, it makes up the capital region of Poso Regency, Poso, which covers a combined area of 56.57 km2 (21.84 square miles) with a population of 47,592 in mid 2024.

With a population of 24,025 inhabitants, and a population density of 2,153 per km2 in 2024, Poso Kota is the most densely populated and most populous district in Poso Regency. With an area of only 11.16 km2 (4.31 square miles), Poso Kota is also the smallest district in the regency, with only 0.16% of the total area of Poso Regency.

South Poso Kota
South Poso Kota (pronunciationⓘ) is a district in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Along with the neighboring districts of Poso Kota and North Poso Kota, it makes up the capital region of Poso Regency, Poso, covering 56.57 km2 with a population of 47,477 in 2020.

With a population of 10,402 inhabitants and a population density of 415 per km2, South Poso Kota is the 11th most populous and 3rd most densely populated district in Poso Regency. With an area of 25.06 km2, South Poso Kota is one of the smallest districts, with only 0.35% of the total area of Poso Regency.
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön
The Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (German: Herzogtum Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön), also Schleswig-Holstein-Plön, Holstein-Plön or just Duchy of Plön, was a small sub-duchy (Teilherzogtum) created by the physical division of the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg.  Today, its remaining significance is primarily the building of Plön Castle.  The Duchy of Plön was not a territorial dukedom in its own right, but a sub-division within the state structure of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.  The scattered territorial dominion lay mostly in the southeast part of present-day German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg was the name of a branch line of the House of Oldenburg as well as the name of their land. It existed from 1564 until 1668 and was a titular duchy under the King of Denmark, rather than a true territorial dukedom in its own right. The seat of the duke was Sønderborg. Parts of the domain were located in Denmark (in the Duchy of Schleswig), mainly on the islands of Als and Ærø and around Glücksburg, whilst other lands were part of the Holy Roman Empire (in the Duchy of Holstein), including the Ämter of Plön, Ahrensbök, and Reinfeld. As a result of various inheritance arrangements it fragmented into numerous small territories which were eventually absorbed into Greater Denmark in the 18th century.
Buni culture
The Buni culture is a prehistoric clay pottery culture that flourished in coastal northern West Java,  Jakarta and Banten around 400 BC to 100 AD and probably survived until 500 AD. The culture was named after its first discovered archaeological site, Buni village in Babelan, Bekasi, east of Jakarta.

The Buni culture is known for its peculiar pottery with incised, geometrical decorations, and the fact that it yielded the first Indian rouletted wares recorded from Southeast Asia. Clay potteries were later developed with evidence found in Anyer to Cirebon. Artifacts such as food and drink containers, dated from 400 BC to AD 100 have been found, mostly as burial gifts.

Batujaya
Batujaya is an archeological site located in the village of Batujaya, Karawang in West Java, Indonesia. Archaeologists suggest that the Batujaya temples might be the oldest surviving temple structures in Java and estimated that it was built during the time of the Tarumanegara kingdom circa 5th to 6th century AD.

The site has an area of five square kilometers and contains at least 30 structures which in Sundanese are called hunyur, or unur (high mounds of earth consisting of artifacts). Unur is similar to the manapo found at the Muara Jambi archaeological site.
Masullas
Masullas, Masuddas in sardinian language, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Oristano.

Masullas borders the following municipalities: Gonnoscodina, Gonnostramatza, Mogoro, Morgongiori, Pompu, Simala, Siris, Uras.

Morgongiori
Morgongiori (Sardinian: Mragaxòri) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Oristano on the southern slopes of Monte Arci.

Morgongiori borders the following municipalities: Ales, Curcuris, Marrubiu, Masullas, Pompu, Santa Giusta, Siris, Uras.
Killaly, Saskatchewan
Killaly (2016 population: 65) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Grayson No. 184 and Census Division No. 5. The village is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of the city of Melville on Highway 47 at the intersection of Highway 22 and 47.

Division No. 5, Saskatchewan
Division No. 5 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the east-southeastern part of the province, bordering Manitoba. The most populous community in this division is Melville.
Glenn procedure
Glenn procedure is a palliative surgical procedure performed for patients with Tricuspid atresia. It is also part of the surgical treatment path for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome.  This procedure has been largely replaced by Bidirectional Glenn procedure.

It connects the superior vena cava to the right pulmonary artery.

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS) is a congenital heart defect in which the structures on the right side of the heart, particularly the right ventricle, are underdeveloped. This defect causes inadequate blood flow to the lungs, and thus a cyanotic infant.