hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Langley Mill railway station
Langley Mill railway station (formerly known as Langley Mill for Heanor and Langley Mill and Eastwood) on the Erewash Valley Line serves the large village of Langley Mill and the towns of Heanor in Derbyshire and Eastwood in Nottinghamshire, England. The station is 12 miles (19 km) north of Nottingham.

The station lies between Nottingham and Sheffield and is managed by East Midlands Railway.

Eastwood, Nottinghamshire
Eastwood is a town and civil parish in the Broxtowe district of Nottinghamshire, England, 9 miles (14 km) northwest of Nottingham. Mentioned in Domesday Book, it expanded rapidly during the Industrial Revolution. The Midland Railway was formed here and it is the birthplace of D. H. Lawrence.
C3-convertase
C3 convertase (C4bC2b, formerly C4b2a) belongs to family of serine proteases and is necessary in innate immunity as a part of the complement system which eventuate in opsonisation of particles, release of inflammatory peptides, C5 convertase formation and cell lysis.

C3 convertase can be used to refer to the form produced in the alternative pathway (C3bBb) or the classical and lectin pathways (C4bC2b, formerly C4b2a). Once formed, both C3 convertases will catalyze the proteolytic cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b (hence the name "C3-convertase").

The smaller fragment called C3a serves to increase vascular permeability and promote extravasation of phagocytes, while the larger C3b fragment can be used as an opsonin or bind to either type of C3 convertase to form the trimolecular C5 convertase to activate C5 for the membrane attack complex.

Complement component 3
Complement component 3, often simply called C3, is a protein of the immune system that is found primarily in the blood. It plays a central role in the complement system of vertebrate animals and contributes to innate immunity. In humans it is encoded on chromosome 19 by a gene called C3.

Deficiencies and defects of C3 result in the affected person being immunocompromised and particularly vulnerable to bacterial infections.
Oullins
Oullins (French pronunciation: [ulɛ̃]) is a former commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.

It is a suburb of the city of Lyon, and is adjacent to it on the southwest. On 1 January 2024, Oullins merged with Pierre-Bénite to form the new commune of Oullins-Pierre-Bénite.

Oullins-Pierre-Bénite
Oullins-Pierre-Bénite (French pronunciation: [ulɛ̃ pjɛʁ benit]) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.  It was established on 1 January 2024, with the merger of the communes of Oullins and Pierre-Bénite.

It is a suburb of the city of Lyon, and is adjacent to it on the southwest.
Ali Collins
Ali Collins (born 27 May 2000) is a British former tennis player.

Collins has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 110, achieved on 26 June 2023.

She made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2022 Birmingham Classic, in the doubles draw, partnering Emily Appleton.

Emily Appleton (tennis)
Emily Appleton (born 1 September 1999) is a British tennis player.
She has career-high rankings by the WTA of world No. 348 in singles, achieved on 22 July 2024, and No. 77 in doubles, set on 22 September 2025.
Scott M. Gibson
Scott Miller Gibson (born April 28, 1957) is an American pastor, theologian, and educator who retired as professor of preaching, holder of the David E. Garland Chair in preaching, and director of the Ph.D. in Preaching Program at Baylor University’s George W. Truett Theological Seminary. He was previously the Haddon W. Robinson Professor of Preaching at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (1991-2018). Gibson is an author, lecturer, preacher, and conference speaker specializing in homiletics.

Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary
Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary (GCTS) is an evangelical seminary with its main campus in Hamilton, Massachusetts, and three other campuses in Boston, Massachusetts; Charlotte, North Carolina; and Jacksonville, Florida. According to the Association of Theological Schools, Gordon-Conwell ranks as one of the largest evangelical seminaries in North America in terms of total number of full-time students enrolled.
HarborArts
HarborArts is an art organization located at 256 Marginal Street in East Boston, Massachusetts.  It was founded by artist Steve Israel in 2009. The organization uses  public art installations to address the vital roles oceans play in the sustainability of the planet, and to promote creative and sustainable ways of living. Its main feature is an outdoor gallery hosted on the grounds of the Boston Harbor Shipyard, on Boston Harborwalk.

Boston Harborwalk
Boston Harborwalk is a public walkway that follows the edge of piers, wharves, beaches, and shoreline around Boston Harbor. When fully completed it will extend a distance of 47 miles (76 km) from East Boston to the Neponset River.
Headlamp
A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead. Headlamps are also often called headlights, but in the most precise usage, headlamp is the term for the device itself and headlight is the term for the beam of light produced and distributed by the device.

Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities: the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness.

Other vehicles, such as trains and aircraft, are required to have headlamps. Bicycle headlamps are often used on bicycles, and are required in some jurisdictions. They can be powered by a battery or a small generator like a bottle or hub dynamo.

Retroreflector
A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light or other radiation back to its source with minimum scattering. This works at a wide range of angle of incidence, unlike a planar mirror, which does this only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the wave front, having a zero angle of incidence. Being directed, the retroflector's reflection is brighter than that of a diffuse reflector. Corner reflectors and cat's eye reflectors are the most used kinds.
InterGalactic Medicine Show
InterGalactic Medicine Show (sometimes shortened to IGMS) was an American online fantasy and science fiction magazine. It was founded in 2005 by multiple award-winning author Orson Scott Card and was edited by Edmund R. Schubert from 2006–2016, after which Scott Roberts took over.  It was originally biannual, but became quarterly in 2008 and bimonthly in 2009, except for a brief hiatus in 2010.  The magazine ceased publication in June 2019.

Science fiction magazine
A science fiction magazine is a publication that offers primarily science fiction, either in a hard-copy periodical format or on the Internet. Science fiction magazines traditionally featured speculative fiction in short story, novelette, novella or (usually serialized) novel form, a format that continues into the present day. Many also contain editorials, book reviews or articles, and some also include stories in the fantasy and horror genres.
Anti-aliasing filter
An anti-aliasing filter (AAF) is a filter used before a signal sampler to restrict the bandwidth of a signal to satisfy the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem over the band of interest. Since the theorem states that unambiguous reconstruction of the signal from its samples is possible when the power of frequencies above the Nyquist frequency is zero, a brick wall filter is an idealized but impractical AAF. A practical AAF makes a trade off between reduced bandwidth and increased aliasing. A practical anti-aliasing filter will typically permit some aliasing to occur or attenuate or otherwise distort some in-band frequencies close to the Nyquist limit. For this reason, many practical systems sample higher than would be theoretically required by a perfect AAF in order to ensure that all frequencies of interest can be reconstructed, a practice called oversampling.

Sinc filter
In signal processing, a sinc filter can refer to either a sinc-in-time filter whose impulse response is a sinc function and whose frequency response is rectangular, or to a sinc-in-frequency filter whose impulse response is rectangular and whose frequency response is a sinc function. Calling them according to which domain the filter resembles a sinc avoids confusion. If the domain is unspecified, sinc-in-time is often assumed, or context hopefully can infer the correct domain.
Driglam namzha
The Driglam Namzha (Dzongkha: སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་; Wylie: sgrig lam rnam gzhag) is the official code of etiquette and dress code of Bhutan. It governs how citizens should dress in public as well as how they should behave in formal settings. It also regulates a number of cultural assets such as art and architecture. In English, driglam means "order, discipline, custom, rules, regimen" and namzha means "system", though the term may be styled "The Rules for Disciplined Behavior".

Dzong architecture
Dzong architecture is used for dzongs, a distinctive type of fortified monastery (Dzongkha: རྫོང, Wylie: rdzong, [dzoŋ˩˨]) architecture found mainly in Bhutan and Tibet. The architecture is massive in style with towering exterior walls surrounding a complex of courtyards, temples, administrative offices, and monks' accommodation.
Suzuki G engine
The Suzuki G engine is a series of three- and four-cylinder internal combustion engines manufactured by Suzuki Motor Corporation for various automobiles, primarily based on the GM M platform, as well as many small trucks such as the Suzuki Samurai and Suzuki Vitara and their derivatives.

Suzuki APV
The Suzuki APV is a minivan/light commercial vehicle designed by Suzuki in Japan and manufactured in Indonesia by Suzuki Indomobil Motor. The abbreviation "APV" is short for All Purpose Vehicle. It is powered by either 1.5 liter or 1.6 liter inline-four G series engine delivering 92–105 PS (91–104 hp; 68–77 kW).

The pickup truck version is called Suzuki Mega Carry in Indonesia, Super Carry Pro in Vietnam and APV Pickup elsewhere. It was discontinued in February 2019 in favour of the international version of the Carry 1.5.

The APV was exported from Indonesia in April 2005 to more than 100 countries in Southeast Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, Middle East, South Asia, North Africa and Oceania. Suzuki invested JP¥ 11.5 billion to produce a targeted 70,000 units per year in Indonesia.
Institute for Theoretical Computer Science
The Institute for Theoretical Computer Science (ITCS; Chinese: 清华大学理论计算机科学研究中心) is a scholastic research institute headed by Professor Andrew Yao at Tsinghua University in Beijing. In 2010, the institute became part of Tsinghua University's Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences.

The ITCS has hosted several academic events, including the tenth International Conference on Theory and Practice of Public-Key Cryptography (PKC) on April 16–20, 2007.

Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences
The Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences (IIIS, Chinese: 清华大学交叉信息研究院) is a research institute at Tsinghua University in Beijing, which conducts interdisciplinary research in computer science and quantum physics.
Salto del Agua metro station
Salto del Agua  is a metro (subway) station on the Mexico City Metro. It is located in the Cuauhtémoc borough in the center of Mexico City. Since 9 July 2022, the Line 1 station has remained closed modernization work on the tunnel and the line's technical equipment. The Line 1 station was reopened in September 13, 2024.

Eje Central
The Eje Central or Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas is an avenue in the Cuauhtémoc and Gustavo A. Madero boroughs of Mexico City, Mexico. It is part of a system called eje vial of roadways built by Carlos Hank González to modernize Mexico City for improved traffic flow through the city. As its name indicates, it runs through the central zones of the city, starting at Río de los Remedios Avenue (in the limits of Mexico City and Tlalnepantla, State of Mexico) and ending at Río Churubusco Avenue, near Eje Central metro station.
Photographic processing
Photographic processing or photographic development is the chemical means by which photographic film or paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent and renders it insensitive to light.

All processes based upon the gelatin silver process are similar, regardless of the film or paper's manufacturer. Exceptional variations include instant films such as those made by Polaroid and thermally developed films.  Kodachrome required Kodak's proprietary K-14 process.  Kodachrome film production ceased in 2009, and K-14 processing is no longer available as of December 30, 2010. Ilfochrome materials use the dye destruction process. Deliberately using the wrong process for a film is known as cross processing.

Fogging (photography)
Fogging in photography is the deterioration in the quality of the image or the negative  caused either by extraneous light, other electromagnetic radiation, radioactivity or the effects of a processing chemical. It is seen either as deposition of silver or dyes across all or part of the image unrelated to the original exposure. It can be confused with chemical staining that can be produced from poorly compounded developer, contamination of processing baths or poor washing after processing.
Padreyoc (Cusco)
Padreyoc (Spanish con padre, tiene padre; with father, have father, possibly from Quechua -yuq a suffix to indicate possession) or Quishuar (possibly from Quechua Kiswar for buddleja incana), is a mountain in the Vilcabamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,771 metres (18,934 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, La Convención Province. Padreyoc lies south-west of the mountain Salcantay and east of the mountain Corihuayrachina.

Salcantay
Salcantay, Salkantay or Sallqantay (in Quechua) is the highest peak in the Vilcabamba mountain range, part of the Peruvian Andes. It is located in the Cusco Region, about 60 km (40 mi) west-northwest of the city of Cusco. It is the 38th-highest peak in the Andes and the twelfth-highest in Peru. However, as a range highpoint in deeply incised terrain, it is the second most topographically prominent peak in the country, after Huascarán.

Salcantay's proximity to Machu Picchu makes trekking around it an alternative to the oversubscribed Inca Trail; this is known as the Salkantay trek.
Illerich
Illerich is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kaisersesch, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Landkern
Landkern is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kaisersesch, whose seat is in the like-named town.
Heimbach (Nahe)–Baumholder railway
The Heimbach (Nahe)–Baumholder Railway was opened in 1912. It was formerly used exclusively for freight and military transport, but passenger services were reactivated in February 2015. It links to the Nahe Valley Railway west of Heimbach (Nahe).

Nahe Valley Railway
The Nahe Valley Railway (German: Nahetalbahn) is a two-track, partially electrified main line railway in the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, which runs for almost 100 kilometres along the Nahe. It was built by the Rhine-Nahe Railway Company and connects Bingen am Rhein on the Left Rhine line with Saarbrücken. It was opened between 1858 and 1860 and is one of the oldest railways in Germany. The section south of Bad Kreuznach is part of the regionally important transport corridor between the two major cities of Mainz and Saarbrücken.
Konstantinos Michail
Konstantinos Michail (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Μιχαήλ; 1751–1816) was a philosopher, physician and linguist.

He was born in Kastoria. He spoke Greek, Latin, French and German and was a student of Michail Papageorgiou. He left all his books to the schools of Kastoria.

List of Macedonians (Greek)

Kastoria
Kastoria (Greek: Καστοριά, Kastoriá [kastoˈrʝa]) is a city in northern Greece in the region of Western Macedonia. It is the capital of the Kastoria regional unit, in the geographic region of Macedonia. It is situated on a promontory on the western shore of Lake Orestiada, in a valley surrounded by limestone mountains. The city is known for its many Byzantine churches, Byzantine and Ottoman-era domestic architecture, its lake and its fur clothing industry.
Belebeyevsky Uyezd
Belebeyevsky Uyezd (Белебеевский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Ufa Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Belebey.

Ufa Governorate
Ufa Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire with its capital in the city of Ufa. It was created in 1865 by separation from Orenburg Governorate. On June 14, 1922 the governorate was transformed into the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. It occupied an area of 122,005 square kilometres (47,106 sq mi) and the territory of governorate was divided to six uyezds.
Mese (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Mese (/ˈmiːsiː/; Ancient Greek: Μέση) was one of the three Muses of the lyre together with her sisters Nete and Hypate. They were worshipped at Delphi, where the Temple of Apollo and the Oracle were located. Mese was the Muse of the middle cord of the seven noted lyre and represented one of the three strings of the said popular Greek musical instrument.

These three muses were comparable to the original three, Aoide, Melete, and Mneme. Alternatively, they were Cephisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, which portrayed them as the daughters of Apollo.

In his Quaestiones Convivales, Plutarch acknowledged the role of Urania as the muse of the heavens, but also gave Mese and her sisters an astronomical role. According to the text, the universe was harmonically divided into three parts: the fixed stars, the planets, and then everything under the moon. Mese took care of the second one.

Apollonis
Apollonis (/ˌæpəˈloʊnəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀπoλλωνίς means "of Apollo") was one of the three younger Mousai Apollonides (Muses) in Greek mythology and daughters of Apollo, who were worshipped in Delphi where the Temple of Apollo and the Oracle were located. The three sisters, Cephisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, are also known as Nētē, Mesē, and Hypatē where their names are synonymous with those of the lowest, middle, and highest chords of a lyre, further characterizing the Muses as the daughters of Apollo.
Delta ISO
A delta ISO is used to update an existing ISO image which contains RPM Package Manager (RPM) files. It utilizes  DeltaRPMs, a form of delta compression, for RPMs which have changed between the old and new versions of the ISO. Delta ISOs help save disk space and reduce download times, as they include only the files that have been updated in the new version of the ISO, a user can apply it to update the outdated ISO. This technique is used by some RPM-based Linux distributions, such as Fedora and openSUSE.

OpenSUSE
openSUSE ( /ˌoʊpənˈsuːzə/) is a free and open-source Linux distribution developed by the openSUSE Project. It is offered in two main variations: Tumbleweed, an upstream rolling release distribution, and Leap, a stable release distribution which is sourced from SUSE Linux Enterprise.

The openSUSE project is sponsored by SUSE of Germany; the company released the first version as SUSE Linux in 1994. Its development was opened up to the community in 2005, which marked the creation of openSUSE. The focus of the developers is on creating a stable and user-friendly RPM-based operating system with a large target group for workstations and servers.

Additionally, the project creates a variety of related tools, such as Agama, Myrlyn, YaST, Open Build Service, openQA, Snapper, Portus, KIWI, and OSEM.
Aningeria
Aningeria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Sapotaceae. The genus includes five species of trees which range across tropical Africa, from Guinea Bissau eastwards to Ethiopia and Kenya, and from South Sudan south to Zimbabwe.

Species of Aningeria are sources of the wood anigre, which is used for wood veneer and light carpentry.

Some authorities consider the genus a synonym of Pouteria.

Anigre
Anigre is an African hardwood commonly used for plywood, interior furniture, cabinetry, and high-end millwork applications. It is frequently sliced and sold as veneer, although it is available in board form as well. In board form it is used for boat building, general carpentry, and other light construction uses.
Cut the Rope
Cut the Rope is a franchise of physics-based puzzle video games developed and published by ZeptoLab. It consists of the original game Cut the Rope (2010), Cut the Rope: Holiday Gift (2010), Cut the Rope: Experiments (2011), Cut the Rope: Time Travel (2013), Cut the Rope 2 (2013 iOS; 2014 Android), My Om Nom (2014 iOS; 2015 Android), Cut the Rope: Magic (2015), Cut the Rope Remastered (2021), Cut the Rope Daily (2023), and Cut the Rope 3 (2023).

The objective of the Cut the Rope games is to feed candy to a little green creature named Om Nom while collecting stars. As of May 2015, Cut the Rope games have been downloaded more than 600 million times and had surpassed over a billion downloads by 2018.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Joseph Marrese
Joseph Anthony Marrese (March 12, 1922 – April 18, 2012) was an Italian-born Canadian realtor and politician. He was a member of the Toronto Metropolitan Separate School Board for most of the period between 1966 and 1983, and was its chair from 1972 to 1975. His political career ended following a criminal conviction in November 1983.

1974 Toronto municipal election
The 1974 Toronto municipal election was held on December 2, 1974 in Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Mayors, controllers, city councillors and school board trustees were elected in the municipalities of Toronto, York, East York, North York, Etobicoke and Scarborough.

David Crombie was re-elected as Mayor of Toronto with around 83% of the vote, and Mel Lastman was re-elected as Mayor of North York.
Hamlet on screen
Over fifty films of William Shakespeare's Hamlet have been made since 1900. Seven post-war Hamlet films have had a theatrical release: Laurence Olivier's Hamlet of 1948; Grigori Kozintsev's 1964 Russian adaptation; a film of the John Gielgud-directed 1964 Broadway production, Richard Burton's Hamlet, which played limited engagements that same year; Tony Richardson's 1969 version (the first in colour) featuring Nicol Williamson as Hamlet and Anthony Hopkins as Claudius; Franco Zeffirelli's 1990 version starring Mel Gibson; Kenneth Branagh's full-text 1996 version; and Michael Almereyda's 2000 modernisation, starring Ethan Hawke.

Because of the play's length, most films of Hamlet are heavily cut, although Branagh's 1996 version used the full text.

Hamlet Goes Business
Hamlet Goes Business (Finnish: Hamlet liikemaailmassa) is a 1987 Finnish comedy film directed by Aki Kaurismäki and starring Pirkka-Pekka Petelius. It is based on William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, but the events are housed in a modern Finnish wood processing family business.