hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheffield Medical School
The University of Sheffield Medical School is a medical school based at the University of Sheffield in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The school traces its history back to at least 1828. It operated independently until its merger with Firth College and Sheffield Technical School in 1897, and is now an integral part of Sheffield's Faculty of Health.

The medical school consists of three divisions: Clinical Medicine, Population Health, and Neuroscience, and is active in three fields of medicine: teaching, researching and practising.

Sheffield was ranked 12th in the UK in clinical, pre-clinical and health in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020. As of 2020, its five-year MBChB programme admits 273 home students and a further 18 overseas students per year. It is a founding member of the UCAT consortium and one of 32 bodies entitled by the General Medical Council to award medical degrees in the UK.

Northern General Hospital
The Northern General Hospital is a large teaching hospital and Major Trauma Centre in Sheffield, England. Its departments include accident and emergency for adults, with children being treated at the Sheffield Children's Hospital on Western Bank. The hospital is managed by the Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
Louise Rosskam
Louise Rosskam (born Louise Rosenbaum) (March 27, 1910 – April 1, 2003) was a photographer for the Farm Security Administration (FSA) and the Standard Oil Company during the mid-20th century. Together with her husband, Edwin Rosskam (1903–1985), the pair documented American life during the Great Depression. The Rosskams were part of a group of talented photographers hired by Roy Stryker, the head of the FSA between 1935 and 1944, during what is often called the "Golden Age of Documentary Photography".

Roy Stryker
Roy Emerson Stryker (November 5, 1893 – September 27, 1975) was an American economist, government official, and photographer. He headed the Information Division of the Farm Security Administration (FSA) during the Great Depression, and launched the documentary photography program of the FSA. It hired photographers to travel across the United States and document people in different areas and settings as part of showing the state of people in rural areas in those years. Specific projects were conceived to help assess effects of government programs.

He later worked several years on a documentary project for Standard Oil, established the  Pittsburgh Photographic Library (PPL), consulted with other companies, and taught photo-journalism at University of Missouri. In his later years he returned to the West, living at last in Colorado.
Muffin
A muffin is a type of individual-sized baked good. It is often a small, sweet quickbread or cake in a cup-shaped container. It may be named for additional ingredients, e.g., "blueberry muffin".

While quickbread "American" muffins are often sweetened, there are savory varieties made with ingredients such as cornbread muffins and cheese muffins, and less sweet varieties such as traditional bran muffins. The quickbread muffin originated in North America during the 19th century.

Quick bread
Quick bread is any bread leavened with a chemical leavening agent rather than a biological one like yeast or sourdough starter. The term is North America centric, and is not universally used in other English-speaking countries. An advantage of quick breads is their ability to be prepared quickly and reliably, without requiring the time-consuming skilled labor and the climate control needed for traditional yeast breads.

Quick breads include many cakes, brownies and cookies—as well as banana bread, pumpkin bread, beer bread, biscuits, cornbread, muffins, pancakes, scones, and soda bread.
Custodian helmet
The custodian helmet is a type of helmet worn predominantly by male police officers in the United Kingdom and within certain other places around the world. First used by the Metropolitan Police in London in 1863, the BBC labelled the custodian helmet a "symbol of British law enforcement". They are worn by male constables and sergeants on foot patrol. A cultural icon, it has featured in films, TV series and other media involving British police.

Isle of Man Constabulary
The Isle of Man Constabulary (Manx: Meoiryn-Shee Ellan Vannin) is the national police service of the Isle of Man, an island of 85,000 inhabitants, situated approximately equidistant from Northern Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England.
Douglas Fairbanks in Robin Hood
Robin Hood is a 1922 silent adventure film starring Douglas Fairbanks and Wallace Beery. It was the first motion picture ever to have a Hollywood premiere, held at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre on October 18, 1922. The movie's full title, under which it was copyrighted, is Douglas Fairbanks in Robin Hood. It was one of the most expensive films of the 1920s, with a budget estimated at one million dollars (equivalent to $18.79 million in 2024). The film was a smash hit and generally received favorable reviews.

Alan Hale Sr.
Alan Hale Sr. (born Rufus Edward Mackahan; February 10, 1892 – January 22, 1950), typically credited as Alan Hale, was an American actor and film director. He is best known for his many character roles during the Golden Age of Hollywood, in particular as a frequent sidekick of Errol Flynn. He also played in films supporting Lon Chaney, Wallace Beery, Douglas Fairbanks, James Cagney, Clark Gable, Cary Grant, Humphrey Bogart, and Ronald Reagan. In total, his career in film lasted 40 years.

His son, Alan Hale Jr., also became an actor and remains most famous for playing "the Skipper" on the television series Gilligan's Island.
Mazzella Field
Mazzella Field is a 2,400 seat soccer-specific stadium on the campus of Iona College in New Rochelle, New York.  It is home to the Iona Gaels soccer, lacrosse, and rugby union teams, as well as the women's New York Magic of United Women's Soccer.

First opened in 1989, it was originally used as a multi-purpose stadium that also hosted the school's college football team until the program was disbanded in 2008.

The field was the site of the 2008 Empire State Games men's lacrosse championships.

In June 2017, Mazzella Field received a new FieldTurf surface striped for soccer and lacrosse.

Iona Gaels men's soccer
The Iona Gaels Men's Soccer Team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Iona College in New Rochelle, New York, United States. The team is a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. The team plays its home games at Mazzella Field in New Rochelle.
Canadian Space Agency
The Canadian Space Agency (CSA; French: Agence spatiale canadienne, ASC) is the national space agency of Canada, established in 1990 by the Canadian Space Agency Act.

The president is Lisa Campbell, who took the position on September 3, 2020. The agency is responsible to the minister of innovation, science and industry. The CSA's headquarters are located at the John H. Chapman Space Centre in Longueuil, Quebec. The agency also has offices in Ottawa, Ontario, and small liaison offices in Houston, Washington, and Paris.

Churchill Rocket Research Range
The Churchill Rocket Research Range is a Canadian former rocket launch site located 23 kilometres (14 mi) outside Churchill, Manitoba. The facility was used by Canada and the United States beginning in 1954 for sub-orbital launches of sounding rockets to study the upper atmosphere. The site was scientifically beneficial due to lying in the centre of a zone containing high aurora activity. Over 3,500 sub-orbital flights were launched from the site.

The site is sometimes referred to as Fort Churchill after the nearby former military base (now Churchill Airport) and is connected by an all-weather gravel road to the town of Churchill.
Neofelis
Neofelis is a genus comprising two extant species of cat in Southeast Asia: the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) of mainland Asia, and the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) of Sumatra and Borneo.

The scientific name Neofelis is a composite of the Greek word neo- (νέος) meaning 'young' and 'new', and the Latin word felis meaning 'cat'. It is placed as part of the subfamily Pantherinae, making it more closely related to the genus Panthera (which contains iconic big cats like the lion, tiger, leopard and jaguar) than other living felid species.

Panthera
Panthera is a genus within the family Felidae, and one of two extant genera in the subfamily Pantherinae. It contains the largest living members of the cat family. There are five living species: the jaguar, leopard, lion, snow leopard and tiger. Numerous extinct species are also named, including the cave lion and American lion.
Clareview station
Clareview station is an Edmonton LRT station in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It serves the Capital Line and is currently the northern terminus of the line. It is a ground-level station located near 42 Street and 139 Avenue, and is named after the northeast Edmonton district of Clareview.

Currently, it is the northernmost rail transit station in North America, being at approximately the same latitude as Dublin, Ireland, Manchester, England, and Hamburg, Germany.

Capital Line
The Capital Line is a light rail line on the Edmonton LRT system. The line operates from northeast Edmonton to the south. Operated by the Edmonton Transit Service, the line provides access to Downtown Edmonton and the University of Alberta. The Capital Line currently consists of fifteen stations, six of which are underground. Seven stations are shared with the Metro Line.
Giga Chikadze
Giga Chikadze (Georgian: გიგა ჭიკაძე; born 25 August 1988) is a Georgian professional mixed martial artist and former kickboxer. He currently competes in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Chikadze formerly competed in the Featherweight division for GLORY.

Edson Barboza
Edson Mendes Barboza Júnior (born January 21, 1986) is a Brazilian and American professional mixed martial artist, former Muay Thai fighter and kickboxer. He currently competes in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and has formerly competed at Lightweight.
University of Talca
The University of Talca (Spanish: Universidad de Talca) is a Chilean university. It has five campuses, located in Talca, Curicó, Linares, Santa Cruz and Santiago. The Talca campus is the university's headquarters and largest campus. It is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities, the Consortium of Universities of the State of Chile and the Group of Regional Universities of Chile.

University of Talca is considered as the best public university outside Santiago by various rankings. It offers ten PhD programs and 27 Master programs. It was accredited for five years (2014-2019) by the Comisión Nacional de Acreditación (National Accreditation Commission).

Consortium of Universities of the State of Chile
The Consortium of Universities of the State of Chile is a nonprofit corporation that brings together all of Chile's public universities. As Chile is a unitary state, the public university system is centrally coordinated, and the consortium plays a key role in representing the interests of state institutions in matters of public policy, funding, and higher education development.
Torsionless module
In abstract algebra, a module M over a ring R is called torsionless if it can be embedded into some direct product RI. Equivalently, M is torsionless if each non-zero element of M has non-zero image under some R-linear functional f:

This notion was introduced by Hyman Bass.

Module (mathematics)
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring. The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers.

Like a vector space, a module is an additive abelian group, and scalar multiplication is distributive over the operations of addition between elements of the ring or module and is compatible with the ring multiplication.

Modules are very closely related to the representation theory of groups. They are also one of the central notions of commutative algebra and homological algebra, and are used widely in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.
Constance of Toulouse
Constance of Toulouse was the daughter of Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse and his second wife Beatrice of Béziers.

She first married Sancho VII of Navarre in 1195, but they were divorced in 1200. After the annulment she remarried to Peter Bermond II of Sauve.

With her second husband, Constance had the following children:

Peter Bermond, succeeded his father and had issue

Raymond, ancestor of the Barons de Florac

Bermond, ancestor of the Barons de Caylar

daughter (name unknown), married Hugh de Mirabel

daughter (name unknown), betrothed to Arnaud de Roquefeuil

Sibylle, married Barral of Baux

Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse
Raymond VI (Occitan: Ramon; 27 October 1156 – 2 August 1222) was Count of Toulouse and Marquis of Provence from 1194 to 1222. He was also  Count of Melgueil (as Raymond IV) from 1173 to 1190. Raymond's conflicts with Pope Innocent III over his tolerance of the Cathars led into his excommunication and the beginning of the Albigensian Crusade.
Khimki trolleybus
Khimki trolleybus (Russian: Химкинский троллейбус) is a trolleybus system in Khimki, Moscow Oblast. Opened on 24 April 1997... It is operated by Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Khimkielektrotrans" (Russian: МУП "Химкиэлектротранс").

Khimki
Khimki (Russian: Химки, IPA: [ˈxʲimkʲɪ]) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) northwest from central Moscow, and is part of the Moscow metropolitan area.
Czapka
Czapka (/ˈtʃæpkə/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʂapka]; also spelt chapka or schapska /ˈʃæpskə/) is a Polish, Belarusian, and Russian generic word for a cap. However, it is perhaps best known to English speakers as a word for the 19th-century Polish cavalry headgear, consisting of a high, four-pointed cap with regimental insignia on the front (full name in Polish: czapka rogatywka, initially: konfederatka) to which feathers or rosettes were sometimes added.

Polish cavalry
The Polish cavalry (Polish: jazda, kawaleria, konnica) can trace its origins back to the days of medieval cavalry knights. Poland is mostly a country of flatlands and fields and mounted forces operate well in this environment. The knights and heavy cavalry gradually evolved into many different types of specialised mounted military formations, some of which heavily influenced western warfare and military science. This article details the evolution of Polish cavalry tactics, traditions and arms from the times of mounted knights and heavy winged hussars, through the times of light uhlans to mounted infantry equipped with ranged and mêlée weapons.
Prerna Sharma (character)
Prerna Sharma Bajaj/Basu is the central protagonist of the Indian television series Kasautii Zindagii Kay, which premiered in 2001. Created by Ekta Kapoor and produced by Balaji Telefilms, the show became a cultural phenomenon, particularly due to Prerna's character, which resonates with viewers on multiple levels. Portrayed by actress Shweta Tiwari, Prerna embodies qualities such as resilience, loyalty, and a strong moral compass, making her one of the most memorable characters in Indian television history.

Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)
Kasautii Zindagii Kay (transl. The Trials of Life) is an Indian Hindi-language romantic drama television series produced by Ekta Kapoor's Balaji Telefilms on StarPlus. The show starred Shweta Tiwari, Cezanne Khan, Ronit Roy, and Urvashi Dholakia. The show aired from 29 October 2001 to 28 February 2008. Kasautii Zindagii Kay was one of the longest-running Indian television series. The entire series is digitally available on Disney+ Hotstar.
Lehigh and New England Railroad
The Lehigh and New England Railroad (reporting mark LNE) was a Class I railroad located in Northeastern United States that acted as a bridge line. It was the second notable U.S. railroad to file for abandonment in its entirety after the New York, Ontario and Western Railway. It was headquartered in Philadelphia.

Pine Island, New York
Pine Island is a hamlet in the town of Warwick in Orange County, New York, United States. It is the largest community in the Black Dirt Region, which is famous for its "black dirt onions." It gets its name from its slight elevation over the surrounding land. In the days before the nearby Wallkill River was rerouted to control flooding, it would often be an actual island for a period in the spring.
Hwacha
The hwacha or hwach'a (Korean: 화차; Hanja: 火車; lit. fire cart) was a fifteenth-century Korean weapons platform capable of performing both the multiple rocket launcher or a volley gun roles. The overall design resembled a wooden cart with a launch pad attached; depending on the specific version and type, it could fire up to 200 singijeon (rocket-powered) arrows, or several dozen iron-headed arrows or bolts out of gun barrels. The term was also used to refer to other war wagon- or cart-based artillery in later periods, such as that developed by Byeon Yijung in the 1590s.

These weapons were most notably deployed in the defense against the two Japanese invasions of the Korean Peninsula in 1592-98. Some East Asian historians believe the hwacha and the turtle ship had a distinctive effect during the war.

Hwachas appear in Korean museums, national parks, and popular culture today.

Turtle ship
A turtle ship (Korean: 거북선; RR: geobukseon; Korean pronunciation: [kʌ.buk̚.s͈ʌn]) was a type of warship that was used by the Korean Joseon Navy from the early 15th century up until the 19th century. They were used alongside the panokseon warships in the fight against invading Japanese fleets. The ship's name derives from its covering that was said to resemble a turtle shell. Some historians have described it as a very early type of ironclad though the historical evidence for this is uncertain.
East Hampton High School
East Hampton High School is a high school in East Hampton, Suffolk County, New York, United States. Located on the east end of Long Island, the school is the easternmost high school in New York State. It is part of the East Hampton Union Free School District, but also educates students in the neighboring communities of Wainscott, Springs, Amagansett, and Montauk as a result of tuition contracts with the respective local school districts.

In the 2019–2020 school year, the total enrollment was 920 students and the school had a four-year graduation rate of 82%. The current principal is Sara Smith, a former assistant principal at Southampton High School. Smith succeeded James Crenshaw, who resigned after one year to become assistant superintendent of Longwood Central School District further west on Long Island.

The school's sports teams are known as the Bonackers, and the school colors are maroon and gray.

East Hampton Union Free School District
East Hampton Union Free School District is a public school district located in the Town of East Hampton on Long Island, in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It includes the village of East Hampton, the  unincorporated area just north of the village, and the hamlet of Northwest Harbor.

The total enrollment for the 2019–2020 school year was 1,712 students. The current superintendent, Adam Fine, assumed the position on July 1, 2021. Previously, he served as Assistant Superintendent for one year and was the high school principal for 10 years. Fine replaced Robert Burns, who had served as superintendent since 2011.

East Hampton is bordered by the Springs and Amagansett districts to the east, and the Wainscott and Sag Harbor districts to the west.
Chatham High School (Massachusetts)
Chatham High School was a public high school located in Chatham, Massachusetts. Chatham served roughly 250 students in grades 9–12. Chatham's mascot was the Blue Devils and the school's colors were Royal Blue and White.     In September 2014, Chatham merged with Harwich High School of Harwich to become the new Monomoy Regional High School.

Chatham, Massachusetts
Chatham (/ˈtʃætəm/) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. Chatham is located at the southeastern tip of Cape Cod and has historically been a fishing community. First settled by the English in 1664, the township was originally called Monomoit based on the indigenous population's term for the region.  Chatham was incorporated as a town on June 11, 1712, and has become a summer resort area. The population was 6,594 at the 2020 census and can swell to 25,000 during the summer months. There are four villages that comprise the town, those being Chatham (CDP), South Chatham, North Chatham, and West Chatham. Chatham is home to the Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge and the decommissioned Monomoy Point Light, both located on Monomoy Island. A popular attraction is the Chatham Light, which is an operational lighthouse that is operated by the United States Coast Guard.
Thomas Fung
Thomas Fung Wing-fat (simplified Chinese: 冯永发; traditional Chinese: 馮永發; born 1950 or 1951) is a Hong Kong-born Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He is the eldest son of Fung King Hey, the founder of Sun Hung Kai (SHK) Financial in Hong Kong. He is the founder of the Fairchild Group, a media and real estate conglomerate, which operates Asian-themed shopping malls and Chinese-language television networks and radio stations. Time Magazine (Canadian edition) named him one of the most influential people in Canada. In 2011, he received an honorary degree from the University of British Columbia.

Fung King-hey
Fung King Hey (1922–1985), was a Hong Kong businessman. He was born in Guangzhou, mainland China. He is the co-founder of Hong Kong–based Sun Hung Kai & Co. and was reputed as "King of securities world" and "Godfather of the stock market". His business in Hong Kong included property development, stock-broking and banking. Fung also briefly migrated to Canada from 1967 to 1968.
Residencial San Felipe
The Residencial San Felipe is a residential complex for middle-class families located in Jesús María District, Lima, Peru. It is built in the former premises of San Felipe racetrack, with its construction being decided in 1962 by the military government of Ricardo Pérez Godoy.

Jesús María District, Lima
Jesús María is a district located in central Lima, Peru. It is an upper class, high-density district and it usually ranks in the top districts with the best quality of life in Peru with a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.8372 (2019), lower only than the districts of La Molina and Lince.

Jesús María is located 103 meters above sea level and bordered by the districts of Pueblo Libre and Breña District on the west, downtown Lima on the north and east, Lince District on the southeast, and San Isidro and Magdalena del Mar on the south. Until 1963, when it was made into a separate district, Jesús María was attached to Lima District.
Wendela Hebbe
Wendela Hebbe  (née Åström; 9 September 1808 – 27 August 1899), was a Swedish journalist, writer, and salon hostess. She was arguably the first permanently employed female journalist at a Swedish newspaper. She had a significant place in the radical literary circles of mid 19th-century Sweden and was a controversial role model for the emancipated woman.

Lars Johan Hierta
Lars Johan Hierta (Swedish: [lɑːʂˈjûːan ˈjæ̂ʈːa]; 22 January 1801 – 20 November 1872) was a Swedish newspaper publisher, social critic, businessman and politician. He is best known as the founder of the newspaper Aftonbladet in 1830. Hierta was a leading agitator for political and social reform in Sweden during the 19th century. He is sometimes credited as the "father of the free press" in Sweden.