hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Davida Hawthorn
Davida Hawthorn was a United States international table tennis player. She was from New York.

She won a three bronze medals at the 1947 World Table Tennis Championships in the women's team, women's doubles with Lea Thall-Neuberger and mixed doubles with William Holzrichter.

She was inducted into the USA Table Tennis Hall of Fame in 1994 and was the 1945 US champion.

William Holzrichter
William Clarence 'Billy' Holzrichter (January 1, 1922 - March 23, 2005) was an American international table tennis player.

He won a silver medal at the 1947 World Table Tennis Championships in the men's team event and a bronze medal in the mixed doubles with Davida Hawthorn.

He was inducted into the USA Table Tennis Hall of Fame in 1980.

Holzrichter died on March 23, 2005, at the age of 83.
Zhumushan
Zhumushan Subdistrict (Chinese: 株木山街道; pinyin: Zhūmùshān Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Hanshou County in Hunan, China. Dividing a part of the former Zhumushan Township (Chinese: 株木山乡) and two villages of Taizimiao Town (Chinese: 太子庙镇), the subdistrict was established in December 2015. It has an area of 65.85 km2 (25.42 sq mi) with a population of about 32,600 (as of 2016). The subdistrict has 16 communities and 6 villages under its jurisdiction, and its seat is Xincheng Community (Chinese: 新城社区).

Hanshou County
Hanshou County (simplified Chinese: 汉寿县; traditional Chinese: 漢壽縣; pinyin: Hànshòu Xiàn) is a county in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Changde prefecture-city. The County is located on the north in Hunan Province and the southeast in Changde City, it borders to the north and the west by Dingcheng District, to the south by Ziyang District of Yiyang City and Taojiang County, and to the east by Yuanjiang and Nan County. It has an area of 2,091.3 kilometres (1,299.5 mi) with registered population of 821,266 (as of 2015). It is divided into four subdistricts, 16 towns and three townships under its jurisdiction.  The county seat is Longyang Subdistrict (龙阳街道).
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force, officially known as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Air and Space Force (IRGCASF; Persian: نیروی هوافضای سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی, romanized: niru-ye havâfazây-e sepâh-e pâsdârân-e enghelâb-e eslâmi, acronymed in Persian as NEHSA), is the strategic missile, air, and space force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). It was renamed from the IRGC Air Force to the IRGC Aerospace Force in 2009.

The force's commander, Amir Ali Hajizadeh, was killed along with 20 other senior officers during the series of Israeli strikes launched on 13 June 2025. The role was vacant for a day before being filled by Majid Mousavi.

Qaem 100
Qaem 100 (also Ghaem 100, Persian: قائم ۱۰۰, from a word meaning "upright") is an Iranian expendable, small-lift, space launch vehicle developed by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). It was unveiled on 5 November 2022 and is the first rocket of the Qaem family. After a successful suborbital test flight in 2022, the rocket performed its orbital maiden flight in 2023 carrying the Nahid telecommunication satellite but failed to put it in orbit. In the next launch in 2024, it succeeded in putting the Soraya satellite into 750 km orbit, breaking Iran's previous altitude record.
Sclareol
Sclareol is a fragrant chemical compound found in Salvia sclarea, from which it derives its name. It is classified as a bicyclic diterpene alcohol having roles in plant growth, development, defense, and attraction of pollinators.

It is an amber-colored solid with a sweet, herbaceous, balsamic scent used as a fragrance in perfume manufacturing, and as a flavoring agent. Sclareol is the most common starting material for manufacturing ambroxide (tradenames, Ambrox or Ambroxan), which is used as a fixative in commercial perfumes.

Sclareol is also extracted from the flowers of Cistus creticus, Nicotiana glutinosa, and Cleome spinosa.

Ambroxide
Ambroxide, widely known by the brand name Ambroxan, is a naturally occurring terpenoid and one of the key constituents responsible for the odor of ambergris. It is an autoxidation product of ambrein. Ambroxide is used in perfumery for creating ambergris notes and as a fixative. Ambroxide has a scent with woody, musky and slightly salty nuances. Another name for ambroxan is ambrocenide. Small amounts (< 0.01 ppm) are used as a flavoring in food.
Etzelkofen
Etzelkofen is a former municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Etzelkofen, Büren zum Hof, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.

Limpach, Switzerland
Limpach (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪmpax]) is a former municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Limpach, Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Mülchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.
National Unity Party (Haiti)
The National Unity Party (French: Parti de l'unité nationale, PUN) was the de facto sole legal political party in Haiti under the Duvalier dynasty (French: Dynastie des Duvalier), the autocratic family dictatorship of François "Papa Doc" Duvalier and his son Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier, which lasted from 1957 to 1986.

Duvalier family
The Duvalier family (French: Dynastie des Duvalier; Haitian Creole: Dinasti Duvalier) was a totalitarian hereditary dictatorship in Haiti that lasted almost 29 years, from 1957 until 1986, spanning the rule of the father-and-son duo François Duvalier ("Papa Doc") and Jean-Claude Duvalier ("Baby Doc").
Iwai, Ibaraki
Iwai (岩井市, Iwai-shi) was a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 42,813 and the density of 471.92 persons per km2. The total area was 90.72 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Iwai, along with the town of Sashima (from Sashima District), was merged to create the city of Bandō and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

The city was founded on April 1, 1972.

Bandō, Ibaraki
Bandō (坂東市, Bandō-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020, the city had an estimated population of 51,577 in 18,441 households and a population density of 419 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 30.7%. The total area of the city is 123.03 square kilometres (47.50 sq mi).
Laurent Depouilly
Laurent Depouilly (French pronunciation: [lɔʁɑ̃ dəpuji]; born 26 October 1963 in Asnières-sur-Seine) is a French figure skater. He is the 1986 French national champion. He represented France at the 1984 Winter Olympics, where he placed 15th. He is married to Nathalie Depouilly and their daughter Chloe Depouilly is a competitive skater.

Following his retirement from competitive skating, he became a coach at Club Olympique de Courbevoie in Courbevoie, France. Among his current and former students are Brian Joubert, Vinciane Fortin, Adam Siao Him Fa, Camille Kovalev / Pavel Kovalev, Océane Piegad / Denys Strekalin, Ivan Shmuratko, and his daughter Chloe.

Pavel Kovalev (figure skater)
Pavel Antonovich Kovalev (Russian: Павел Антонович Ковалёв; born 4 January 1992) is a Russian-French pair skater. With his wife, Camille Kovalev, he is a two-time ISU Grand Prix medalist, 2018 Volvo Open Cup silver medalist, 2015 International Cup of Nice bronze medalist, 2015 Lombardia Trophy bronze medalist, and a five-time French national champion (2022-26).
European Research Executive Agency
The European Research Executive Agency (REA, formerly Research Executive Agency) is a funding body mandated by the European Commission to support the EU Research and Innovation policy. It has been established by the European Commission, based on Council Regulation (EC) No 58/2003.

Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon.

The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years.

The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies.
Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).

Kadyrov Grozny International Airport
Akhmat Kadyrov Grozny International Airport (Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀалин Дуьненаюкъара Аэропорт, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġalan Aeroport, Russian: Междунаро́дный аэропо́рт Гро́зный им. Ахмата-Хаджи Кадырова, romanized: Aeroport "Groznyy") (IATA: GRV, ICAO: URMG) is an international airport in the Chechen Republic, Russia located 7.5 km north of Grozny.
Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley
Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley GCB (20 January 1773 – 27 April 1847) was an Anglo-Irish diplomat and politician. He was the younger brother of the soldier and politician Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. He is known particularly for his service as British Ambassador to Spain during the Peninsular War where he acted in cooperation with his brother to gain the support of Cortes of Cádiz. His later postings included being Ambassador in Vienna where he dealt with Metternich and British Ambassador to France during the reign of Louis Philippe I.

His career was closely connected with that of his elder brothers Arthur and Richard Wellesley, who served as Foreign Secretary between 1809 and 1812. He became embroiled in a public scandal in 1809 when his wife Charlotte eloped with Henry Paget who as Lord Uxbridge was later to serve as cavalry commander under his brother at the Battle of Waterloo.

James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury
James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury, KG PC (4 September 1748 – 13 June 1823), styled Viscount Cranborne until 1780 and known as the Earl of Salisbury between 1780 and 1789, was a British nobleman and politician.
Mahmoud Jibril
Mahmoud Jibril el-Warfally (Arabic: محمود جبريل الورفلي), also transcribed Jabril or Jebril or Gebril (28 May 1952 – 5 April 2020), was a Libyan politician who served as the interim Prime Minister of Libya for seven and a half months during the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and the  Libyan Civil War, chairing the executive board of the National Transitional Council (NTC) from 5 March to 23 October 2011. He also served as the Head of International Affairs. As of July 2012, Jibril was the head of one of the largest political parties in Libya, the National Forces Alliance.

Toward the end of the conflict, Jibril was increasingly referred to by foreign governments and in media as the interim prime minister of Libya. Jibril's government was recognized as the "sole legitimate representative" of Libya by the majority of UN states including France, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, Iran, and Qatar.

2012 Libyan parliamentary election
Elections for a General National Congress (GNC) were held in Libya on 7 July 2012, having been postponed from 19 June. They were the first elections since the overthrow and death of longtime ruler Muammar Gaddafi a year earlier, the first free national elections since 1952, and only the second free national elections since Libya gained independence in 1951.

Once elected, the General National Congress was to appoint a Prime Minister and Cabinet. The GNC was originally to be charged with appointing a Constituent Assembly to draw up Libya's new constitution in an interim period of 18–22 months before a constitutional referendum and new elections on that basis, but the National Transitional Council (NTC) announced on 5 July that the Assembly would instead be directly elected at a later date.

Despite threats of a boycott, a majority of Libyans (61.58%) cast a ballot. However, the election was marred by violence, protests and a number of deaths.
Nashikubo ruins
The  Nashikubo ruins (梨久保遺跡, Nashikubo iseki) is an archaeological site containing the ruins of a Jōmon period settlement located in the Osachinashikubo neighborhood of the city of Okaya, Nagano in the Chūbu region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1984.

Okaya, Nagano
Okaya (岡谷市, Okaya-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2019, the city had an estimated population of 48,616 in 19,257 households, and a population density of 570 persons per km². The total area of the city is 85.10 square kilometres (32.86 sq mi).
Treverbyn
Treverbyn is a civil parish and village in mid-Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, lying north of St Austell.

The parish includes the villages of Treverbyn, Carclaze, Stenalees, Penwithick, Bugle (the largest of these), Rescorla, Kerrow Moor, Carthew, Ruddlemoor, Bowling Green, Resugga Green, Scredda and parts of Trethurgy. There is a railway station at Bugle. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 9,204.

Trethurgy
Trethurgy (Cornish: Tredhevergi) is a village in the parish of Treverbyn, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about two miles northeast of St Austell. Carne Farm, Trethurgy is the birthplace of Silvanus Trevail, a president of the Society of Architects and the architect of many well known Cornish hotels such as the Headland Hotel, Newquay and the Carbis Bay Hotel, Carbis Bay.
ChildLine Concert
The ChildLine Concert, known for sponsorship reasons as the 'Cheerios ChildLine Concert', was an annual pop music charity event which took place in Ireland between 1997 and 2014. The money raised from the concerts was donated to the young person's charity, ChildLine. Performers at past events included Westlife (who performed at the concert twelve times), Robbie Williams, Anastacia, Girls Aloud, McFly, All Saints, S Club 7, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, 5ive, Sugababes, Busted, Boyzone, JLS, The Script, Little Mix, Union J and Olly Murs.

In 2003, the concerts had raised over €1 million, in 2007 that had risen to €2.5 million, and by 2013 €4.6 million had been raised. According to the ISPCC website, the events raised over €5 million between 1997 and 2014.

3Arena (Dublin)
The 3Arena (originally The O2) is an indoor amphitheatre located at North Wall Quay in the Dublin Docklands in Dublin, Ireland. The venue opened as The O2 on 16 December 2008 and was re-branded on 4 September 2014 due to the takeover of O2 Ireland by Three Ireland. The venue is owned by a Live Nation subsidiary, Apollo Leisure Group Ltd. and is among the top ten busiest music arenas by ticket sales in the world.

It was built on the site of the former Point Theatre, a smaller music venue which operated from 1988 to 2007, retaining only some of the outer facade. The Point Theatre was branded as "The Point Depot", in recognition of its original role as a railway goods handling facility.
Valley Christian Schools (Los Angeles County, California)
Valley Christian Schools (VCS) is a private Christian K-12 school located in Los Angeles County, California. It is one of the largest in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. It was founded in 1935 and has 4 campuses (preschool, elementary, middle and high school) enrolling more than 1,300 students. The administration building and the middle and high school campuses are in Cerritos while the preschool and elementary campuses are in two separate sections in Bellflower.

In 2011, during its accreditation reviews, it received the highest degree of commendation from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. Valley Christian Schools is a member of Christian Schools International (CSI) and the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI).

Cerritos, California
Cerritos (/səˈriːtoʊz/; Spanish for "Little hills") is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, and is one of several cities that constitute the Gateway Cities of southeast Los Angeles County. It was incorporated on April 24, 1956. As of 2020, the population was 49,578. It is part of the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, California Metropolitan Statistical Area designated by the Office of Management and Budget.
2010 BYU Cougars football team
The 2010 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cougars, led by head coach Bronco Mendenhall, played their home games at LaVell Edwards Stadium and were members of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 7–6, 5–3 in Mountain West play and were invited to the New Mexico Bowl where they defeated UTEP 52–24.

2010 was BYU's final season as a member of the Mountain West as started competing as an Independent in football beginning in 2011 with all other sports joining the West Coast Conference.

LaVell Edwards Stadium
LaVell Edwards Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium in the Western United States, on the campus of Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. Primarily used for college football, it is the home field of the BYU Cougars, a member of the Big 12 Conference in the Football Bowl Subdivision. Opened as "Cougar Stadium" in 1964, its seating capacity is 62,073. It is the largest football stadium in the Big 12 by capacity.

The natural grass playing field is conventionally aligned north–south at an elevation of 4,649 feet (1,417 m) above sea level, with the press box along the west sideline.
Tamar Halperin
Tamar Halperin (Hebrew: תמר הלפרין; born 1976) is an Israeli harpsichordist, pianist and musicologist. She has played Baroque music in historically informed performance, but also classical repertory and jazz with a big band.

Hessian Cultural Prize
The Hessian Cultural Prize (German: Hessischer Kulturpreis) is an annual German culture prize awarded by the Government of Hesse. The prize was established in 1982. With a trophy of 60,000 German marks, now 45,000 Euro, it is currently the highest endowed culture prize in Germany.
Differential operator
In mathematics, a differential operator is an operator defined as a function of the differentiation operator. It is helpful, as a matter of notation first, to consider differentiation as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function (in the style of a higher-order function in computer science).

This article considers mainly linear differential operators, which are the most common type. However, non-linear differential operators also exist, such as the Schwarzian derivative.

Jet (mathematics)
In mathematics, the jet is an operation that takes a differentiable function f and produces a polynomial, the Taylor polynomial (truncated Taylor series) of f, at each point of its domain. Although this is the definition of a jet, the theory of jets regards these polynomials as being abstract polynomials rather than polynomial functions.

This article first explores the notion of a jet of a real valued function in one real variable, followed by a discussion of generalizations to several real variables. It then gives a rigorous construction of jets and jet spaces between Euclidean spaces. It concludes with a description of jets between manifolds, and how these jets can be constructed intrinsically. In this more general context, it summarizes some of the applications of jets to differential geometry and the theory of differential equations.
Tarrant County, Texas
Tarrant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas with a 2020 U.S. census population of 2,110,640, making it the third-most populous county in Texas and the 15th-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is Fort Worth. Tarrant County, one of 26 counties created out of the Peters Colony, was established in 1849 and organized the next year. It is named after Edward H. Tarrant, a lawyer, politician, and militia leader.

The ancestral homelands of Native American tribes:  Caddo, Tonkawa, Comanche, and Cherokee covered Tarrant County. The Native American tribes resisted settlement and fought to defend their land.  The Battle of Village Creek is a well-known battle that took place in Tarrant County.

Denton County, Texas
Denton County is located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 906,422, making it the seventh-most populous county in Texas. The county seat is Denton. The county, which was named for John B. Denton, was established in 1846. Denton County constitutes part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. In 2007, it was one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States.
Winterhaven, California
Winterhaven (formerly Karmack) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Imperial County, California. Winterhaven is 6.5 miles (10 km) east of Pilot Knob, The population was 390 at the 2020 census. It is part of the El Centro, CA Metropolitan Area. North of Interstate 8 and bordering Yuma, Arizona, the town is partly in the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation. The Colorado River marks the town's southern border.

Pilot Knob (Imperial County, California)
Pilot Knob (also, Avie Quah-la-Altwa, Ha-bee-co-la-la, and San Pablo) is a peak in Imperial County, California. Pilot Knob is located 8 miles (13 km) southeast of Ogilby, It rises to an elevation of 876 feet (267 m). Pilot Knob is a rocky landform, geologically a Volcanic plug, west of Yuma, Arizona–Winterhaven, California; it is connected to the Cargo Muchacho Mountains, the central portion of the mountains being about 7 miles (11 km) north. Pilot Knob was named for its prominence as a landmark for riverboat traffic in the 19th-20th centuries on the Colorado River which borders Winterhaven–Yuma. Pilot Knob is an Area of Critical Environmental Concern administered by the Bureau of Land Management.
Tokutomi Sohō
Tokutomi Sohō (徳富 蘇峰; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯ̥.toꜜ.mʲi | soꜜ.hoː], March 14 1863 – November 2 1957), born Tokutomi Iichirō (徳富 猪一郎), was a Japanese journalist, publisher and historian. He advocated commoner Europeanism and Europeanization, established Min'yūsha, and launched the magazines Kokumin no Tomo and the newspaper Kokumin Shimbun. He was the older brother of noted author, Tokutomi Roka.

Kenjirō Tokutomi
Kenjirō Tokutomi (徳富 健次郎, Tokutomi Kenjirō) (December 8, 1868 – September 18, 1927) was a Japanese writer and philosopher. He wrote novels under the pseudonym of Roka Tokutomi (徳冨 蘆花, Tokutomi Roka; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯ̥.toꜜ.mʲi | ɾoꜜ.ka, to.kɯ̥.to.mʲi ɾoꜜ.ka]), and his best-known work was his 1899 novel The Cuckoo.
Canadian Landscape
Canadian Landscape is the third series of banknotes of the Canadian dollar issued by the Bank of Canada, first circulated in 1954. The banknotes were designed in 1952 following the accession of Elizabeth II to the throne after the death of her father George VI. The banknote designs differed significantly from the preceding 1937 Series banknotes, though the denomination colours and bilingual printing were retained. This series was followed by the 1969 Scenes of Canada series.

The 1954 Canadian Landscape banknote series became known as the "Devil's Head" series, leading to design modifications for all denominations. The second variant of the series was issued in 1956.

Scenes of Canada
Scenes of Canada is the fourth series of banknotes of the Canadian dollar issued by the Bank of Canada. It was first circulated in 1970 to succeed the 1954 Canadian Landscape series and was followed by the 1986 Birds of Canada banknote series. This was the last series to feature a $1 bill, which was replaced by a $1 coin known as the loonie in 1987, although both the $1 bill and the loonie were produced concurrently for 21 months, from June 1987 to April 1989.