hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Order of Education and Pedagogy
Order of Education and Pedagogy (Persian: نشان تعلیم و تربیت) is one of the badges of honor in Iran, established by " The Council of Iran Ministers" on November 21, 1990. According to "Article 16" of the "Regulations on the Awarding of Government Orders" of Iran, the "Order of Education and Pedagogy" due to emphasizes the importance of learning science and the necessity of transferring Islamic education in society, awarded to persons who have demonstrated competence in the following fields:

Development and transfer of science, technology, and profession

Designing and implementing innovative and successful ways of teaching and nurturing

An impressive and successful endeavor to make trainees polite and ethical in Islamic rituals and social desirable ethics

Badges of honor in Iran
This is a list about all badges of honor in Iran. The list contains badges and medals of the monarchy and government of the Qajar dynasty, Pahlavi dynasty and Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran which have special ratings and classes.
Makin Cottage
Makin Cottage is a heritage-listed cottage at Stockade Street, Berrima, Wingecarribee Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Makin Cottages. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Berrima, New South Wales
Berrima (/bɛrəmə/) is a historic village in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. The village, once a major town, is located on the Old Hume Highway between Sydney and Canberra. It was previously known officially as the Town of Berrima. It is close to the three major towns of the Southern Highlands: Mittagong, Bowral and Moss Vale.
Mastigopsis
Mastigopsis is a genus of whip-lash squid containing one single species, Mastigopsis hjorti. Some teuthologists consider Idioteuthis synonymous with this taxon; however, genetic results indicate that this genus is not closely related with Idioteuthis but actually closer to Magnoteuthis.

Whip-lash squid
The Mastigoteuthidae, also known as whip-lash squid, are a family of small deep-sea squid. Approximately 20 known species in six genera are represented, with members found in both the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zone of most oceans. Originally described by Verill in 1881, it was later lowered by Chun (1920) to a subfamily (Mastigoteuthinae) of the Chiroteuthidae.  However, Roper et al. (1969) raised it back to the family level, and this has not been changed since. The taxonomy of this family is extremely unstable, and there have been at times one genus, two genera and four subgenera(Salcedo-Vargas & Okutani, 1994), two genera and several 'groups' (Salcedo-Vargas, 1997), five genera and one species with an uncertain placement, or six genera.
Tractive effort
In railway engineering, the term tractive effort describes the pulling or pushing capability of a locomotive. The published tractive force value for any vehicle may be theoretical—that is, calculated from known or implied mechanical properties—or obtained via testing under controlled conditions.  The discussion herein covers the term's usage in mechanical applications in which the final stage of the power transmission system is one or more wheels in frictional contact with a railroad track.

Adhesion railway
An adhesion railway relies on adhesion traction to move the train, and is the most widespread and common type of railway in the world. Adhesion traction is the friction between the drive wheels and the steel rail. Since the vast majority of railways are adhesion railways, the term adhesion railway is used only when it is necessary to distinguish adhesion railways from railways moved by other means, such as by a stationary engine pulling on a cable attached to the cars or by a pinion meshing with a rack.

The friction between the wheels and rails occurs in the wheel–rail interface, or contact patch. The traction force, the braking forces and the centering forces all contribute to stable running. However, running friction increases costs, due to higher fuel consumption and increased maintenance needed to address fatigue damage and wear on rail heads and on the wheel rims and rail movement from traction and braking forces.
Khamasom
Khamasom is a generic reference to four villages located north of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The four villages are Khamasom Khayangkho, Khamasom Walely, Khamasom Phungdhar, and Khamasom Phungrei. The settlement is approximately 38 kilometers from Ukhrul and partially connected by National Highway 202, Imphal-Kohima road via Jessami. Khamasom is flanked by Sihai in the south, Huishu in the northwest Nungbi Khullen in the west and Myanmar in the east. The inhabitants speak Khamasom dialect which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family. The four villages are under one chieftain.

Nungbi Khullen
Nungbi Khullen, locally called Loree, is a village north of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district of Manipur state, India. It is part of the Chingai subdivision. National Highway 150, connecting Imphal-Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami, passes through it. About 35 kilometers from Ukhrul, it is flanked by Loree Kaju to the west, Lunghar to the south, Khamasom to the east and Kalhang to the north. Its inhabitants speak the Loree dialect of the Tibeto-Burman language family.
Parque de la Bombilla
El Parque de la Bombilla is a public park located in the neighborhood of San Ángel, Álvaro Obregón district, south of Mexico City. The park and the monument memorialize revolutionary general and former president of the republic (1920-1924) and in 1928 president-elect, Álvaro Obregón, who was assassinated in 1928 while dining at the restaurant "La Bombilla", now the site of the monument. The monument complex opened on July 17, 1935, the seventh anniversary of the assassination by José de León Toral, a Roman Catholic opposed to the government's anti-Catholic policies.

San Ángel
San Ángel is a colonia (neighborhood)  located in the southwest of Mexico City in Álvaro Obregón borough. Historically it was a rural community called Tenanitla in the pre-Hispanic period. Its current name is derived from the El Carmen monastery school called San Ángel Mártir. It remained a rural community centered on the monastery until the 19th and 20th centuries when the monastery  closed and  the area joined the urban sprawl of Mexico City. The area still contains many   historic buildings, and El Carmen is one of the most visited museums in the city. Its annual flower fair,  Feria de las Flores , has been held since 1856.

In 1934 San Ángel was declared  a Pueblo Típico Pintoresco (Picturesque Typical Town); in 1987 it was declared a historical monument zone.
Jee Sin Sim See
The Venerable Chi Sin Sim Si is a legendary Chinese martial artist, said to have been one of the Five Elders, survivors of the destruction of the Shaolin Temple by the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). He is linked to many southern Chinese martial arts including the five major family styles of Hung, Lau and Choy gar, Lee gar and Mok gar, Ng Ga Kuen/Ng Gar King and Wing Chun.

Southern Shaolin Monastery
The Southern Shaolin Monastery or Nan-Shaolin (南少林) is a Buddhist monastery whose existence and location are both disputed although associated ruins have been identified. By tradition, it is considered a source of Nanquan.
Dicyclopentadiene
Dicyclopentadiene, abbreviated DCPD, is a chemical compound with formula C10H12.  At room temperature, it is a white brittle wax, although lower purity samples can be straw coloured liquids. The pure material smells somewhat of soy wax or camphor, with less pure samples possessing a stronger acrid odor. Its energy density is 10,975 Wh/l.
Dicyclopentadiene is a co-produced in large quantities in the steam cracking of naphtha and gas oils to ethylene. The major use is in resins, particularly, unsaturated polyester resins.  It is also used in inks, adhesives, and paints.

The top seven suppliers worldwide together had an annual capacity in 2001 of 179 kilotonnes (395 million pounds).

DCPD was discovered in 1885 as a C10H12 hydrocarbon among the products of pyrolysis of phenol by Henry Roscoe, who didn't identify the structure (that was made during the following decade) but accurately assumed that it was a dimer of some C5H6 hydrocarbon.

Dimerization
In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar molecular entities by bonds.  The resulting bonds can be either strong or weak. Many symmetrical chemical species are described as dimers, even when the monomer is unknown or highly unstable.

The term homodimer is used when the two subunits are identical (e.g. A–A) and heterodimer when they are not (e.g. A–B). The reverse of dimerization is often called dissociation. When two oppositely-charged ions associate into dimers, they are referred to as Bjerrum pairs, after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum.
Racial misrepresentation
Racial or ethnic misrepresentation occurs when someone deliberately misrepresents their racial or ethnic background. It may occur for a variety of reasons, such as someone attempting to benefit from affirmative action programs for which they are not eligible.

Historically, many people of color passed as white for survival and safety. It is possible for a person of any race or ethnicity to misrepresent themselves or be misrepresented. Racial misrepresentation often occurs when people of one race or ethnicity, unfamiliar with real people of another culture, replicate the racial stereotypes of that racial or ethnic group. Typically, this is seen as offensive when negative racial stereotypes are mimicked, but it can be also be experienced as inappropriate even when the imitation is intended as flattery. An example of this is people wearing culturally insensitive Halloween costumes that depict these stereotypes.

Passing (racial identity)
Passing, in the context of race, occurs when one conceals their socially applied racial identity or ethnicity in order to be perceived as another race for acceptance and/or other benefits. Historically, the term has been used primarily in the United States to describe a person of mixed race who has assimilated into the white majority to escape the legal and social consequences of racial segregation and discrimination. In the Antebellum South, passing as White was sometimes a temporary disguise used as a means of escaping slavery, which had become a racial caste.
Stoner (novel)
Stoner is a 1965 novel by the American writer John Williams. Published on April 23, 1965 by Viking Press, the novel received little attention on first release, but saw a surge of popularity and critical praise since its republication in the 2000s. It has been championed by authors such as Julian Barnes, Ian McEwan, Bret Easton Ellis, and John McGahern.

Stoner has been categorized under the genre of the academic novel, or the campus novel. Stoner follows the life of the eponymous William Stoner, his career and workplace politics, marriage to his wife Edith, affair with his colleague Katherine, and his love and pursuit of literature.

Campus novel
A campus novel, also known as an academic novel, is a novel whose main action is set in and around the campus of a university. Academic novels typically center on professors or students (novels that focus on students may be termed varsity novels). Part of mainstream American fiction for decades, the genre in its current form dates back to the early 1950s.
The Keeper of Lost Causes
The Keeper of Lost Causes (Danish: Kvinden i buret), also known as Department Q: The Keeper of Lost Causes, is a 2013 Danish film directed by Mikkel Nørgaard. The movie is based on the novel Mercy by Jussi Adler-Olsen. It is the first film in the Department Q film series, followed by  The Absent One (2014) and A Conspiracy of Faith (2016).

Jussi Adler-Olsen
Carl Valdemar Jussi Henry Adler-Olsen (born 2 August 1950) is a Danish crime fiction writer, a publisher, editor, and entrepreneur, best known for his Department Q series. He made his debut as a nonfiction writer in 1984, and as a fiction writer in 1997.
New Barag Right Banner
New Barag Right Banner (Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 新巴尔虎右旗), also romanized as Xin Barag Youqi, is a banner of northern Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Mongolia in all directions but the east. It is also located not too far from the shores of Hulun Lake, and is under the administration of Hulunbuir City.

The banner is served by Xinbarag Youqi Baogede Airport, opened in December 2017.

Hulunbuir
Hulunbuir or Hulun Buir is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Its administrative center is located at Hailar District, its largest urban area. Major scenic features are the high steppes of the Hulun Buir grasslands, the Hulun and Buir lakes (the latter partially in Mongolia), and the Khingan range. Hulun Buir borders Russia to the north and west, Mongolia to the south and west, Heilongjiang province to the east and Hinggan League to the direct south. Hulunbuir is a linguistically diverse area: next to Mandarin Chinese, Mongolian dialects such as Khorchin and Buryat, the Mongolic language Daur, and some Tungusic languages, including Oroqen and Solon, are spoken there.
Oratory of Jesus
The Congregation of the Oratory of Jesus and Mary Immaculate (French: Société de l'Oratoire de Jésus et de Marie Immaculée, Latin: Congregatio Oratorii Iesu et Mariæ), best known as the French Oratory or Oratory of Jesus, is a society of apostolic life of Catholic priests founded in 1611 in Paris, France, by Pierre de Bérulle (1575–1629), who later became a cardinal. Members are known as Bérullians or Oratorians.

The French Oratory had a determinant influence on the French school of spirituality throughout the 17th century. It is separate and distinct from the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, which served as its inspiration. The aim of the Society is to center spiritual life on the human aspect of Jesus, linked to the essence of God. Unlike the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, whose communities are all autonomous, the French Oratory operates under the central authority of a superior general.

French school of spirituality
The French school of spirituality was the principal devotional influence within the Catholic Church from the mid-17th century through the mid-20th century, not only in France but throughout the Church in most of the world. A development of the Catholic Reformation like the Spanish mystics and the Society of Jesus, it focused the devotional life of the Catholic faithful on a personal experience of the person of Jesus and the quest for personal holiness. It was perhaps more concrete than the Iberian example and thus easier to teach, but it shared with the Spanish saints their focus on the divine person. This movement in Catholic spirituality had many important figures over the centuries, the first being its founder, Cardinal Pierre de Bérulle (1575–1629), along with St. Francis de Sales, who in 1877 was declared a Doctor of the Church.
Samfaina
Samfaina is a Catalan-Valencian dish based on diced eggplant and zucchini, a sofrito of chopped garlic and onion and grated tomato, cooked in olive oil. Other ingredients like red and green peppers can be added, as well as herbs like thyme and rosemary.

In Catalonia it is usually eaten as an accompaniment to meat (typically pork rib, rabbit, chicken, etc.) or fish (tuna, cod, etc.). This is usually added to the pan or casserole to finish cooking with the samfaina. In the central provinces of the Valencian Community it is a typical ingredient in cocas.

Coca (pastry)
The coca (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈkokə]), coc or fogassa, is a pastry typically made and consumed in Catalonia, the Aragonese Strip, most of Valencia, the Balearic Islands, Andorra and in French Catalonia.

All around the Mediterranean there are similar typical dishes.
Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor
The Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor also known as pVHL is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the VHL gene.  Mutations of the VHL gene are associated with Von Hippel–Lindau disease, which is characterized by hemangioblastomas of the brain, spinal cord and retina. It is also associated with kidney and pancreatic lesions.

Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma (British English: phaeochromocytoma) is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla composed of chromaffin cells and is a pharmacologically volatile, potentially lethal catecholamine-containing tumor of chromaffin tissue. It is part of the paraganglioma (PGL). These neuroendocrine tumors can be sympathetic, where they release catecholamines into the bloodstream which cause the most common symptoms, including hypertension (high blood pressure), tachycardia (fast heart rate), sweating, and headaches. Some PGLs may secrete little to no catecholamines, or only secrete paroxysmally (episodically), and other than secretions, PGLs can still become clinically relevant through other secretions or mass effect (most common with head and neck PGL). PGLs of the head and neck are typically parasympathetic and their sympathetic counterparts are predominantly located in the abdomen and pelvis, particularly concentrated at the organ of Zuckerkandl at the bifurcation of the aorta.
Peter Talleri
Major General Peter John Talleri retired in September, 2013, after serving 34 years in the United States Marine Corps.  At retirement, Maj. Gen. Talleri was the U. S. Marine Corps senior logistics professional in the Pacific.

In 2008, Maj. Gen. Talleri was awarded the Distinguished Achievement award at Clarion University of Pennsylvania.  Other recipients include Kurt Angle (Professional Wrestler), John Calipari (Basketball Coach), Pete Vuckovich (MLB) and Reggie Wells Jr (NFL).

In 2013, Maj. Gen. Talleri was a recipient of the National Safety Council's “CEOs Who Get It” award along with David Seaton, Chairman and CEO of Fluor.

In 2022, Maj. Gen. Talleri received the Butler, PA “Hometown Football Hero Award.”  Other receipts include NFL players Terry Hanratty and brothers Rich and Ron Saul.  His hometown of Butler also honored him with “Major General Peter Talleri” day on Aug 25, 2022.

PennWest Clarion
Pennsylvania Western University – Clarion (PennWest Clarion, formerly Clarion University of Pennsylvania) is a campus of Pennsylvania Western University in Clarion, Pennsylvania, United States. The institution was founded in 1867 and offers associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees, as well as certificate programs and a Doctor of Nursing Practice. The campus had an enrollment of 1,743 as of fall 2024.
Araucaria nemorosa
Araucaria nemorosa (Boise araucaria) is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae. It is found only in New Caledonia, an island possession of France in the South Pacific. It is mostly found as a small understory tree, typically growing to no more than 15 meters (though rarely reaching 30m), and relatively shade tolerant, though it can also grow as an emergent from coastal scrub. It has feathery foliage somewhat less spiky than most other Araucaria species, and is found only on serpentine soil, in coastal locations below 100m in altitude.
It is threatened by habitat loss and is a critically endangered species with less than 5000 trees remaining in the wild. Low levels of genetic variation in the remaining population and consequent low germination rates of seed produced, are also a concern.

Araucaria
Araucaria ( /ærɔːˈkɛəriə/; original pronunciation: [a.ɾawˈka. ɾja]) is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae. While today they are largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, during the Jurassic and Cretaceous they were globally distributed. There are 20 extant species in New Caledonia (where 14 species are endemic, see New Caledonian Araucaria), eastern Australia (including Norfolk Island), New Guinea, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay.

The genus is familiar to many people as the genus of the distinctive Chilean pine or monkey-puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana). No distinct vernacular name exists for the genus. Many are called "pine", although they are only distantly related to true pines, in the genus Pinus.
Ballard, Portloman
Ballard is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 5.15 kilometres (3 mi) north–west of Mullingar.

Ballard is one of 8 townlands of the civil parish of Portloman in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 440.34 acres (1.7820 km2). The neighbouring townlands are: Portloman to the north, Tullaghan to the east and south, Walshestown North to the south, Ballyboy to the west and Lugnagullagh and Scurlockstown to the north–west. The north–eastern boundary of the townland is formed by the shoreline of Lough Owel and the small island of Browns or Grania's Island.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 5 houses and 23 inhabitants in the townland.

Tullaghan, Mullingar
Tullaghan (Irish: An Tulachán) is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 3.66 kilometres (2 mi) north–west of Mullingar on the southern shore of Lough Owel.

Tullaghan is one of 64 townlands of the civil parish of Mullingar in the barony of Moyashel and Magheradernon in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 633 acres (2.56 km2). The neighbouring townlands are: Farranistick to the north–east, Irishtown to the south–east, Walshestown South and Part of Walshestown North to the south, Walshestown North to the south–west and Ballard to the north–west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 2 houses and 8 inhabitants in the townland.
Tiupampan
The Tiupampan (Spanish: Tiupampense) age is a period of geologic time (64.5–62.5 Ma) within the Paleocene epoch of the Paleogene used more specifically with South American land mammal ages (SALMA). It is the oldest SALMA age and precedes the Peligran age.

Peligran
The Peligran (Spanish: Peligrense) age is a period of geologic time (62.5–59.0 Ma) within the Paleocene epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically with South American land mammal ages (SALMA). It follows the Tiupampan and precedes the Riochican age.
EuroLeague 2000–2010 All-Decade Team
The EuroLeague 2000–2010 All-Decade Team consisted of 10 basketball players that were awarded and named to the EuroLeague's All-Decade Team, in recognition of the first 10 years of the league's competition, after coming under the control of the Euroleague Basketball Company competition, between the years 2000 and 2010. The EuroLeague is Europe's premier level men's professional club basketball league.

There were 50 players nominated for the All-Decade Team. Voting included votes from selected media members and fans.

EuroLeague awards
EuroLeague awards were established in the FIBA era of the competition, when FIBA Europe began the FIBA Europe All-Star Game and FIBA European Selection awards, during the 1964–65 season. Subsequent awards were added during the FIBA era, such as the EuroLeague Final Four MVP award, which began with the 1987–88 season. Yet more awards were created starting with the 2000–01 basketball season, when the EuroLeague Commercial Assets (ECA), essentially took over the management of the premier level European competition from FIBA Europe.