hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sarah Whitley
Sarah Whitley (née Robinson, 1816 – 24 October 1888) is credited as the earliest-born woman known to have appeared in a film.  She was the mother-in-law of cinematic pioneer Louis Le Prince and was filmed by him 10 days before her death, aged 72.

In the 1888 film, Roundhay Garden Scene, Whitley is seen walking or dancing backwards.

She and her husband Joseph, who also appears in the film, were the parents of Le Prince's wife, Elizabeth. The film was shot in their garden at Oakwood Grange, Roundhay, Leeds, on 14 October 1888.

She is the earliest-born woman known to have appeared in a film. The earliest-born man was Pope Leo XIII (1810–1903). He was filmed in 1896. She was also the first known person who had appeared in a film to die.

Joseph Whitley
Joseph Whitley (17 October 1816 – 12 January 1891) was an English mechanical engineer and metallurgist. He appears in the Roundhay Garden Scene, the earliest known film fragment, shot by his son-in-law Louis Le Prince.

He can be seen as the man with the flying tail-coat in Roundhay Garden Scene, walking next to his wife, Sarah.

Whitley died on 12 January 1891, at the age of 74.
Eastern Busway, Melbourne
The Eastern Busway is a bus rapid transit line under construction in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. It will operate alongside the Eastern Freeway, from Hoddle Street in Abbotsford to Doncaster Road in Doncaster. As a part of the North East Link project and Eastern Freeway upgrade, the busway has commence construction along with Eastern Freeway Upgrade in 2024, and is expected to be completed by 2028.

Bulleen Park & Ride bus station
Bulleen Park & Ride is an Australian park and ride bus station and future busway station located in Melbourne, suburb of Bulleen and situated next to the Eastern Freeway. It was opened on 30 April 2023 by the Government of Victoria as the first piece of public infrastructure delivered by the North East Link project.

A dedicated busway will be constructed from Doncaster Park & Ride, via this station to Hoddle Street in the city with its own right-of-way. It is expected to be completed by 2028.
Lismore Courthouse
Lismore Courthouse, also referred to as Lismore Town Hall, is a former judicial and municipal building in Main Street in Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland. It is currently used as a heritage centre and tourist information centre.

Lismore, County Waterford
Lismore (Irish: Lios Mór, meaning 'great ringfort') is a historic town in County Waterford, in the province of Munster, Ireland. Originally associated with Saint Mochuda of Lismore, who founded Lismore Abbey in the 6th century, the town developed around the medieval Lismore Castle. As of the 21st century, Lismore supports a rural catchment area, and was designated as a "district service centre" in Waterford County Council's 2011–2017 development plan. As of 2022, the town had a population of 1,347 people.
Sat Pal Mittal
Sat Pal Mittal (1931 – 
1992) was an Indian politician from Punjab. He was a councillor of municipal corporation. He was a member of the Punjab Legislative Council (1964–70) and a Deputy Minister in the Government of Punjab. He was elected as a member of the Rajya Sabha for two terms from 1976 to 1982 and again from 1982 to 1988. He was nominated as a member of the same house in 1988 and served till 1992. Mittal was a member of the Indian National Congress and served as the Secretary of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee in 1972.

His son Sunil Mittal is the founder and chairman of Bharti Enterprises.

He was an attendee of the second Provisional World Parliament held in New Delhi on March 17, 1985.

Sunil Mittal
Sunil Bharti Mittal (born 23 October 1957) is an Indian billionaire industrialist and philanthropist. He is the founder and chairman of Bharti Enterprises.

In December 2025, Mittal was ranked fourth on the Forbes list of India's 100 Richest with a net worth of $34 billion.

In 2007, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honor. On 15 June 2016, he was elected as Chairman of the International Chamber of Commerce.
Central Association of the Finnish Associations of Peace
The Central Association of the Finnish Associations of Peace (Finnish: Suomen Rauhanyhdistysten Keskusyhdistys ry, SRK) is a Conservative Laestadian organization in Finland. It is part of Conservative Laestadianism and its sister organization in North America is Laestadian Lutheran Church. SRK has 179 Associations of Peace in Finland and eight in Russia. It has also sister organizations in Sweden and Estonia. It does mission work in 18 countries.

Conservative Laestadianism
Conservative Laestadianism is the largest branch of the Lutheran revival movement Laestadianism. It has spread to 16 countries. As of 2012 there were about 115,000 Conservative Laestadians, most of them in Finland, the United States, Norway, and Sweden. The movement and this denomination attribute their teachings to the Bible and the Lutheran Book of Concord.
Chongqing Subdistrict
Chongqing Subdistrict (Chinese: 重庆街道; pinyin: Chóngqìng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin province, China. As of 2018, it has 4 residential communities under its administration.

Chaoyang, Changchun
Chaoyang District (Chinese: 朝阳区; pinyin: Cháoyáng Qū; lit. 'Facing the Sun') is one of seven districts of the prefecture-level city of Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province, Northeast China. It borders the districts of Luyuan and Kuancheng to the north, Nanguan to the east, as well as the prefecture-level city of Siping to the south and west.
Nannawa Adama
Nannawa Adama (Oromo: Naannawa Adaamaa; Amharic: አዳማ ዙሪያ ) is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the East Shewa Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Adama Zuria is bordered on the south by the Arsi Zone, on the southwest by Koka Reservoir which separates it from Dugda Bora, on the west by Lome, on the north by the Amhara Region, and on the east by Boset; the Awash River, the only important river in this woreda, defines the woreda boundaries on the east and south. Other towns in this woreda include Awash Melkasa, Shewa Alemtena, Sire Robi, Sodere and Wenji Gefersa.

Dugda (Aanaa)
Dugda is a district in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of the former district of Dugda Bora before being divided into Bora and Dugda. Part of the East Shewa Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Dugda is bordered on the southeast by Hora-Dambal, on the south by Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha, on the west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the northwest by the Southwest Shewa Zone, on the north by the Awash River which separates it from Ada'a Chukala, on the northeast by Koka Reservoir which separates it from Adama, and on the east by the Arsi Zone. The administrative center of Dugda is Meki.
Crataegus × media
Crataegus × media, is a hybrid between two species in the genus Crataegus (Hawthorn), C. monogyna and C. laevigata, both in series Crataegus. Under the rules of botanical nomenclature the name C. × media covers all intermediate forms between the two parent species, including backcrosses.

Horticulturally significant forms of C. × media include some with double pink or red flowers, including 'Paul's scarlet' and 'Rubra Plena'.

Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna, known as common hawthorn, whitethorn, one-seed hawthorn, or single-seeded hawthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It grows to about 10 metres (33 feet) tall, producing hermaphrodite flowers in late spring. The berry-like pomes (known as haws) contain a stone-encased seed.

The plant is native to Europe, but has been introduced in many other parts of the world. The pome flesh is of little culinary interest due to its dryness, but is used to make jellies. The young leaves and petals are also edible.
2016–17 Copa del Rey
The 2016–17 Copa del Rey was the 115th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played).

Barcelona were the two-time defending champions, and successfully defended their title following a 3–1 win over Alavés in the final.

As winners, Barcelona would have been assured a place for the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League group stage; however, since they already qualified for the Champions League by finishing 2nd in La Liga, the berth was instead passed down the league. Times up to 29 October 2016 and from 26 March 2017 are CEST (UTC+2). Times from 30 October 2016 to 25 March 2017 are CET (UTC+1).

2017 Copa del Rey final
The 2017 Copa del Rey final was a football match played on 27 May 2017 to decide the winner of the 2016–17 Copa del Rey, the 115th edition of Spain's primary football cup (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The match was between Barcelona and Alavés at the Vicente Calderón in Madrid.

As winners, Barcelona faced Real Madrid in the 2017 Supercopa de España, and qualified for the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League group stage. However, as they had already qualified for the Champions League through their league position, the Europa League spot was thus passed down the league to sixth-placed side Real Sociedad.
Cao Yupeng
Cao Yupeng (Chinese: 曹宇鹏; born 27 October 1990) is a Chinese professional snooker player. He won the 2011 Asian Under-21 Championship, thus qualifying for the professional main tour for the 2011–12 season. In his first season on the circuit, he reached the last 16 of the World Championship.

He served a ban for match-fixing from 25 May 2018 until 24 November 2020. He received the ban on 1 December 2018, after pleading guilty to manipulating the outcome of matches.

Zhang Anda
Zhang Anda (Chinese: 张安达; born 25 December 1991) is a Chinese professional snooker player, who made his debut on the Main Tour for the 2009–10 season. He qualified by winning the ACBS Asian Under-21 Championship. In November 2023 he won his first world ranking title by winning the International Championship.

Standing at 5 ft. 3 in. (160 cm) tall, he is nicknamed "Mighty Mouse".  Zhang lives in Sheffield, England, during the snooker season and practises at the Victoria Snooker Academy.
Hisham's Palace
Hisham's Palace (Arabic: قصر هشام Qaṣr Hishām), also known as Khirbat al-Mafjar (Arabic: خربة المفجر), is an important early Islamic archaeological site in the city of Jericho, in the West Bank in Palestine. Built by the Umayyad dynasty in the first half of the 8th century, it is one of the so-called Umayyad desert castles. It is located 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Jericho's city center, in an area governed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). The palace was used until the 11th century, and it may have been destroyed by an earthquake in 1033.

Spreading over 60 hectares (150 acres), the site consists of three main parts: a palace, an ornate bath complex, and an agricultural estate. The entire complex – palace, baths, and farm – was connected to nearby springs by an elaborate water system. The site is on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites and has been open to the public since 2021.

Robert Hamilton (archaeologist)
Robert William Hamilton, FBA (26 November 1905 – 25 September 1995) was a British archaeologist and academic. He was senior lecturer in Near Eastern archaeology at the University of Oxford from 1949 to 1956 and a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1959 to 1972. He was keeper (head) of the Ashmolean Museum from 1962 to 1972.
Chicago City Opera Company
The Chicago City Opera Company was a grand opera company in Chicago, organized from the remaining assets of the bankrupt Chicago Grand Opera Company, that produced four seasons of opera at the Civic Opera House from 1935 to 1939 before it too succumbed to financial difficulties.  It was succeeded by the Chicago Opera Company.

It was revived in 2025 by Artistic Director Alexandra Enyart and continues to produce opera in Chicago. Chicago City Opera.

Chicago City Opera is a collaborative model of production in which all the performers on stage invest as equal shareholders to produce an opera. We continue to be committed to the community of Chicago and are dedicated to creating the best experiences possible for our community on both sides of the stage.

MGM actress Betty Jaynes, at age 15, made her debut with the Chicago City Opera Company on December 6, 1936.

Chicago Grand Opera Company
Two grand opera companies in Chicago, Illinois, have gone by the name Chicago Grand Opera Company during the first half of the 20th century. Like many opera ventures in Chicago, both succumbed to financial difficulties within a few years, and it was not until 1954 that a lasting company was formed in the city.
Listed buildings in Catterick, North Yorkshire
Catterick is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains 36 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Catterick and the surrounding area.  To the south of the village is Marne Barracks, formerly RAF Catterick, which contains five listed buildings.  Most of the other listed buildings are houses and associated structures, shops and cottages, and the others include a church, a tombstone in the churchyard and its northern gateway, public houses, and a war memorial.

Catterick, North Yorkshire
Catterick (/ˈkætərɪk/) is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, it is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) north-west of the county town of Northallerton just to the west of the River Swale. It lends its name to nearby Catterick Garrison and the nearby hamlet of Catterick Bridge, the home of Catterick Racecourse where the village Sunday market is held. It lies on the route of the old Roman road of Dere Street and is the site of the Roman fortification of Cataractonium.
ATB (DJ)
André Tanneberger (German pronunciation: [anˈdʁeː ˈtanəbɛʁɡɐ], [ãˈdʁeː]; born 26 February 1973), better known by his stage name ATB, is a German DJ and producer of trance music. According to the official world DJ rankings governed by DJ Magazine, ATB was ranked No. 11 in 2009 and 2010, and No. 15 in 2011. In 2011, he was ranked as world No. 1 according to "The DJ List". He is best known for his 1998 single "9 PM (Till I Come)", which was a No. 1 single in the United Kingdom. The song's hook would later be reworked into "Don't Stop!" in 1999 for his debut album, Movin' Melodies, becoming a hit in its own right.

Distant Earth
Distant Earth is German producer André "ATB" Tanneberger's eighth studio album, which was released on 29 April 2011, by Kontor Records. It features 2 CDs in the standard edition, 3 CDs in the limited edition, and 3 CDs + 5 ATB signed postcards + ATB bracelet in the FanBox Limited Edition (which can be ordered on Amazon and it is limited to 2000 copies). Also, there is another 2 CD digipack version that comes with an ATB sticker and it is available only in Germany.

The first CD is an ATB-standard tracks CD, which contains tracks featuring artists like Josh Gallahan, Amurai, Dash Berlin, Sean Ryan, Rea Garvey, Melissa Loretta or JanSoon. The second CD is an ambient / lounge CD which brings us a surprising collaboration with Armin van Buuren for the track called "Vice Versa", and, finally, the third CD contains the club versions of the tracks found on the first CD.
Urdu literature
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language. While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including the short story, or afsana (افسانہ). Urdu literature is popular mostly in Pakistan, where Urdu is the national language, and in India, where it is an Eighth Schedule language.

Urdu ghazal
The Urdu ghazal is a literary form of the ghazal-poetry unique to the Indian subcontinent, written in the Urdu standard of the Hindostani language. It is commonly asserted that the ghazal spread to South Asia from the influence of Sufi mystics in the Delhi Sultanate.

A ghazal is composed of ashaar, which are similar to couplets, that rhyme in a pattern of AA BA CA DA EA (and so on), with each individual she'r (couplet) typically presenting a complete idea not necessarily related to the rest of the poem. They are often described as being individual pearls that make up a united necklace.

Classically, the ghazal inhabits the consciousness of a passionate, desperate lover, wherein deeper reflections of life are found in the audience's awareness of what some commentators and historians call "The Ghazal Universe", which can be described as a store of characters, settings, and other tropes the genre employs to create meaning.
Ski area
A ski area is the terrain and supporting infrastructure where skiing and other snow sports take place. Such sports include alpine and cross-country skiing, snow boarding, tubing, sledding, etc. Ski areas may stand alone or be part of a ski resort.

Ski resort
A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area–a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. In North America, it is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, so ski resorts usually are destination resorts, often purpose-built and self-contained, where skiing is the main activity.
Cathedral Church of All Saints (St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands)
The Cathedral Church of All Saints is an Episcopal cathedral in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of the Virgin Islands and it is located in the City of Charlotte Amalie.  The church was built in 1848 in celebration of the end of slavery.  The structure was constructed from stone that was quarried on the island.  The gothic arched window frames are lined with yellow brick that was used as ballast aboard ships.  The bricks were left by merchants on the waterfront to make room on their boats for molasses, sugar, mahogany and rum for their return voyage.

Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Saint Thomas (Danish: Sankt Thomas, Spanish: Santo Tomás, French: Saint-Thomas) is one of the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea, and a constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States. Along with surrounding minor islands, it is one of three county equivalents in the USVI. Together with Saint John, it forms one of the districts of the USVI. The territorial capital and port of Charlotte Amalie is located on the island.

Of the three islands, St. Thomas is the second largest, with St. Croix being the largest, and St. John, the smallest. As of the 2010 census, the population of Saint Thomas was 51,634, about 48.5% of the total population of the United States Virgin Islands. Crown Mountain is the highest point in Saint Thomas and in the entire United States Virgin Islands. Hence, it is called "Rock City". The island has a land area of 32 square miles (83 km2).
Riverstone railway station
Riverstone railway station is a heritage-listed suburban railway station located on the Richmond line, serving the Sydney suburb of Riverstone. It is served by Sydney Trains' T1 Western Line and T5 Cumberland Line services. It was designed by the NSW Government Railways and William Weaver and built from 1883 to 1939. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Richmond railway line
The Richmond railway line is a railway line in the western suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is a branch of the Main Western line. Sydney Trains operates electric passenger train services over the line and markets these as part of the North Shore & Western Line and Cumberland Line.
Jiexiu
Jiexiu is a county-level city in the central part of Shanxi Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jinzhong and is located in the latter's western confines. Notable sites in and around Jiexiu include Mount Mian, Zhangbi Fortress, Houtu Temple and Xianshenlou.

Xianshenlou
37°02′03″N 111°55′28″E﻿ / ﻿37.03417°N 111.92444°E﻿ / 37.03417; 111.92444

Xianshenlou (simplified Chinese: 祆神楼; traditional Chinese: 祆神樓; lit. 'Zoroaster Tower') is a pavilion-style building located in Jiexiu, Shanxi, China, first built in the Song dynasty as the stage that formed part of larger Zoroastrian temple complex.

While the temple itself has since been demolished and replaced by a Taoist monastery, Xianshenlou is considered to be the sole surviving Zoroastrian building in China, and as such was listed as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level in 1996.
Folding boat
A folding boat is usually a smaller boat, typically ranging from about 2 to nearly 6 metres (20 ft). 
Folding boats can be carried by one or two persons, and comfortably fit into a car trunk when packed.

They come in several varieties. 
There are folding kayaks and folding canoes. These types often use a wooden or aluminum frame and PVC or waterproof fabric for the hull. 
Other folding boats consist of plastic sheets or marine plywood, resembling origami.

Although there is much to be said of the advantages of a folding boat, they are not commonplace in boating. Aluminium and inflatable alternatives are far more prevalent despite some folding boats such as the Seahopper having been sold for several decades. Sailing versions are particularly popular.

Folding boats have been in use for some time with Shellbend folding boats being developed in the 1890s by Mellard Treleaven Reade. They were constructed from mahogany and canvas.

Shellbend
The Shellbend is a wooden folding boat, designed in the late 19th century by the Liverpool architect and civil engineer Mellard Treleaven Reade. It is constructed out of mahogany panels, which fold using canvas hinges to a fifth of the boat's original size. The intent was to create a lightweight collapsible boat, lighter than a solid-hull boat, to be used as a ship's tender.

Treleaven Reade's company, the Shellbend Folding Boat Company of Liverpool, offered the Shellbend from the late 1890s, though most of the boats were actually built by W. Roberts and Co. of Chester.

Mellard Treleaven Reade read before the Liverpool Engineering Society in 1899 a paper entitled Some Properties of Flexible Surfaces and Flexible Solids, Noted chiefly in Designing The Shellbend Folding Boat.
This was published in their proceedings and was awarded the Derby Gold Medal.
Beam stack search
Beam stack search is a search algorithm that combines chronological backtracking (that is, depth-first search) with beam search and is similar to depth-first beam search. Both search algorithms are anytime algorithms that find good but likely sub-optimal solutions quickly, like beam search, then backtrack and continue to find improved solutions until convergence to an optimal solution.

Beam search
In computer science, beam search is a heuristic search algorithm that explores a graph by expanding the most promising node in a limited set. Beam search is a modification of best-first search that reduces its memory requirements. Best-first search is a graph search which orders all partial solutions (states) according to some heuristic. But in beam search, only a predetermined number of best partial solutions are kept as candidates. It is thus a greedy algorithm.