hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marco Minniti
Marco Minniti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarko minˈniːti]; born 6 June 1956) is an Italian politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the government of Italy as Minister of the Interior from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018. Previously, he was one of the most prominent councilors of former Prime Ministers Matteo Renzi and Massimo D'Alema.

Due to his policies on immigration and security, Minniti has been often criticized by left-wing intellectuals and writers, like Roberto Saviano, and labeled as a strongman. He has been sometimes nicknamed "The Lord of the Spies", due to his long-time experience in coordinating the secret services in almost all the centre-left coalition's governments. While he was in office, some political commentators described him as the most powerful man in Italy.

Immigration detention
Immigration detention is the policy and practice of incarcerating both foreign national asylum seekers/refugees and immigrants — whether suspected of unauthorized arrival, illegal entry, visa violations, as well as those subject to deportation and removal — in detention centers for the purpose of immigration control, until a decision is made by immigration authorities to grant a visa and release them into the community, or to repatriate them to their country of departure. Mandatory detention refers to the practice of compulsorily detaining or imprisoning people who are considered to be illegal immigrants or unauthorized arrivals into a country. Some countries have set a maximum period of detention, while others permit indefinite detention.
Melody (radio station)
Melody (formerly Melody FM, stylised as MELODY on radio) is a Malaysian Chinese-language radio station. It is managed by Astro Radio, a subsidiary of Astro Malaysia Holdings Berhad. Melody FM was launched since 15 August 2012. Its frequencies were formerly used by radio station XFM (Xfresh). It was the second Astro Chinese radio station in Malaysia after My FM. In addition, Melody FM was the fifth Chinese radio station in Malaysia. The radio plays the Chinese hits from the 90's to 2000's music. Its music selections and content target mature audience which ages between 25–49 years old. In 2015, as according to Nielsen RAM Survey Wave #1, Melody FM had reach 398k listeners.

Astro Audio
Astro Audio Sdn Bhd (also called Astro Radio) (Formerly known as Airtime Management and Programming or simply AMP Radio Networks) is a Malaysian radio network company which operates radio broadcasting services and more since 1996. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Astro Malaysia Holdings Berhad. Astro Radio owns and manages 12 private radio stations which are transmitted through the FM (frequency modulation) radio spectrum.

As of November 2024, Astro Audio still remains the number one and largest radio network company in Malaysia, with 72% of Peninsular Malaysians and 14.9 million listeners tuning in to its stations weekly, together with its Media Prima counterpart, Media Prima Audio (Kool FM, Fly FM, Eight FM, Hot FM and Molek FM), according to the GfK Radio Audience Measurement (RAM) Wave 2 in November 2024. Era being at top of the list with the most audience reach estimated at 4.8 million listeners, followed by Sinar and current ever-growing MY.
French destroyer Ouragan
Ouragan (French: "hurricane") was a Bourrasque-class destroyer (torpilleur d'escadre) built for the French Navy during the 1920s. During World War II, the destroyer began the war in service with the French Navy and was undergoing repairs at Brest during the invasion of France. The British Royal Navy towed the destroyer to the United Kingdom and commandeered the vessel following the French surrender in 1940. They transferred Ouragan to the Polish Navy which kept the destroyer in service for less than a year. In 1941, the Polish Navy transferred the destroyer to the Free French Naval Forces, which in turn, transferred Ouragan back to the Royal Navy in 1943. Ouragan saw no further action and was broken up for scrap in 1949.

Bourrasque-class destroyer
The Bourrasque class was a group of twelve French Navy destroyers (torpilleur) laid down in 1923 and in service from 1926 to 1950. Along with the heavier Chacal class, they were part of a plan to modernise the French fleet after the First World War.  The Bourrasques were smaller and slower than the Chacals, but were nonetheless comparable with the British W class. The class saw varied service in the Second World War, in five different navies, on both sides. These ships were named after types of wind.

The design was used as the basis for the two Wicher-class destroyers built for the Polish Navy during the late 1920s.
Chemical reaction network theory
Chemical reaction network theory is an area of applied mathematics that attempts to model the behaviour of real-world chemical systems. Since its foundation in the 1960s, it has attracted a growing research community, mainly due to its applications in biochemistry and theoretical chemistry. It has also attracted interest from pure mathematicians due to the interesting problems that arise from the mathematical structures involved.

Nikolay Semyonov
Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov ForMemRS, sometimes Semenov, Semionov or Semenoff (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов; 15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1896 – 25 September 1986) was a Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation.
Hapalopilus albocitrinus
Hapalopilus albocitrinus is a species of polypore fungus. Found in South Asia and Africa, it was first described in 1922 by Thomas Petch as a species of Poria. Leif Ryvarden transferred it to the genus Hapalopilus in 1980.

Hapalopilus
Hapalopilus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus is widely distributed. The generic name combines the Ancient Greek words ἁπαλός ("tender") and πιλος ("cap"). Hapalopilus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1881.
Princess Dorothea of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Princess Dorothea Maria Henriette Auguste Louise of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (30 April 1881 – 21 January 1967) was a princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (German: Prinzessin von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) by birth and the duchess of Schleswig-Holstein (German: Herzogin zu Schleswig-Holstein) through her marriage to Ernst Gunther, duke of Schleswig-Holstein. Dorothea was born in Vienna, Austria, the second child and only daughter of Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Louise of Belgium.

Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Ferdinand Philipp Maria August Raphael of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (28 March 1844 – 3 July 1921) was the second prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and lord of Csábrág and Szitnya, both in modern-day Slovakia.
Yogya Kembali Monument
Monumen Yogya Kembali (Monument to the Recapture of Yogyakarta; Javanese: ꦩꦺꦴꦤꦸꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦭꦶ), known colloquially as Monjali, is a pyramid-shaped museum dedicated to the Indonesian National Revolution located in the Ngaglik sub-district, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Exhibits include 10 dioramas of key moments in the revolution, artifacts left over from the colonial period and revolution, a list of 420 revolutionaries who were killed between 19 December 1948 and 29 June 1949, as well as a silent memorial room.

Monumen Yogya Kembali is served by Trans Jogja bus stations Monjali 1 and Monjali 2, for line 2A, 2B, 5A, and 5B.

Sleman Regency
Sleman Regency (Indonesian pronunciation: [səˈleman]; ) is an Indonesian regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten) on the island of Java.  It is located in the north of the Yogyakarta Special Administrative Region, Indonesia, and has an area of  574.82 square kilometres (221.94 sq mi), with a population of 1,093,110 at the 2010 Census and 1,125,804 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,157,292 - comprising 573,760 males and 583,540 females. Its capital is the town of Sleman. The current regent is Harda Kiswaya.
TensorFlow
TensorFlow is a software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks, but is used mainly for training and inference of neural networks. It is one of the most popular deep learning frameworks, alongside others such as PyTorch. It is free and open-source software released under the Apache License 2.0.

It was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.

TensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.

NumPy
NumPy (pronounced /ˈnʌmpaɪ/ NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. The predecessor of NumPy, Numeric, was originally created by Jim Hugunin with contributions from several other developers. In 2005, Travis Oliphant created NumPy by incorporating features of the competing Numarray into Numeric, with extensive modifications. NumPy is open-source software and has many contributors. NumPy is fiscally sponsored by NumFOCUS.
Ho, Why Is You Here?
Ho, Why Is You Here? is the debut commercial mixtape by American rapper Flo Milli. It was released on July 24, 2020, by '94 Sounds and RCA Records. All songs were written by Flo Milli alongside their producers.

The mixtape debuted and peaked at number 78 on the US Billboard 200. It was preceded by five singles: "Beef FloMix", "In the Party", "Not Friendly", "Like That Bitch" and "Weak". Critical responses were generally positive; Rolling Stone placed it on their list of the "200 Greatest Hip Hop Albums of All Time" (2022). The mixtape was followed up by Flo Milli's studio albums You Still Here, Ho? (2022) and Fine Ho, Stay (2024).

You Still Here, Ho?
You Still Here, Ho? is the debut studio album by American rapper Flo Milli. It was released on July 20, 2022, by '94 Sounds and RCA Records. It is the follow-up to her major-label debut mixtape, Ho, Why Is You Here? (2020), and was itself followed up by her sophomore studio album Fine Ho, Stay (2024).
Fellow of the British Academy
Fellowship of the British Academy (post-nominal letters FBA) is an award granted by the British Academy to leading academics for their distinction in the humanities and social sciences. The categories are:

Fellows – scholars resident in the United Kingdom

Corresponding Fellows – scholars resident overseas

Honorary Fellows – an honorary academic title (whereby the post-nominal letters "HonFBA" are used)

Deceased Fellows – Past Fellows of the British Academy

The award of fellowship is based on published work and fellows may use the post-nominal letters FBA. Examples of Fellows are Edward Rand; Mary Beard; Roy Porter; Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford; Michael Lobban; M. R. James; Friedrich Hayek; John Maynard Keynes; Lionel Robbins; Rowan Williams; and Margaret Boden.

Roy Porter
Roy Sydney Porter FBA (31 December 1946 – 3 March 2002) was a British historian known for his work on the history of medicine. He retired in 2001 as the director of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine at University College London (UCL).
Musicam sacram
Musicam sacram is the title of an instruction on Roman Catholic sacred music issued by the Sacred Congregation of Rites on 5 March 1967 in conjunction with the Second Vatican Council. The instruction deals with the form and nature of worship music within the framework of Sacrosanctum concilium. According to the document, it is not a collection of "all the legislation on sacred music; it only establishes the principal norms which seem to be more necessary for our own day."

Sacrosanctum Concilium
Sacrosanctum Concilium, the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, is one of the constitutions of the Second Vatican Council. It was approved by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,147 to 4 and promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 4 December 1963. The main aim was to revise the traditional liturgical texts and rituals to reflect more fully fundamental principles, and be more pastorally effective in the changed conditions of the times, clarifying the role of ordained ministers and the forms of appropriate participation of lay faithful in the Catholic Church's liturgy, especially that of the Roman Rite. The title is taken from the opening lines of the document and means "This Sacred Council".
2024 Parliament of Abkhazia shooting
On the morning of 19 December 2024, Adgur Kharazia, MP and former mayor of the Abkhazian capital of Sukhumi, allegedly opened fire on his political rivals inside the People's Assembly of Abkhazia, killing lawmaker Vakhtang Golandzia and injuring another, Kan Kvarchia, before fleeing the scene.

People's Assembly of Abkhazia
The People's Assembly – Parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia (Abkhaz: Аԥсны Жәлар Реизара – Апарламент, romanized: Apsny Žwlar Reizara – Aparlament, Georgian: აფხაზეთის ე.წ რესპუბლიკის სახალხო კრება, romanized: apkhazetis e.ts' resp'ublik'is sakhalkho k'reba, Russian: Народное Собрание – Парламент Республики Абхазия, romanized: Narodnoye Sobraniye – Parlament Respubliki Abkhaziya) is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Abkhazia.
Hamstead Marshall Pit
Hamstead Marshall Pit is a 0.2-hectare (0.49-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Hamstead Marshall in Berkshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This former gravel pit exposes gravels of the River Kennet, which were deposited around 450,000 years ago, during the Anglian ice age. Flint hand axes found on the site may be even older, showing that early humans were active in the Middle Palaeolithic in the area.

Hamstead Marshall
Hamstead Marshall (also spelt Hampstead Marshall) is a village and civil parish in the English county of Berkshire. The village is located within the North Wessex Downs.  The population of this civil parish at the 2011 census was 275.
Melville Millionaires
The Melville Millionaires are a Canadian junior "A" ice hockey based in Melville, Saskatchewan.  They are members of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL).  They play their home games in the CN Community Centre which has a seating capacity of 2,100. The Melville Millionaires and the Yorkton Terriers are archrivals. The team colours are blue and white. Games are broadcast on radio station CJGX AM 940. The Millionaires also fielded a senior hockey team in the 1910s, which won the 1915 Allan Cup.

Humboldt Broncos
The Humboldt Broncos are a Canadian junior "A" ice hockey team from Humboldt, Saskatchewan. Established in 1970, the Broncos play in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League.  The Broncos have won the SJHL ten times (1972, 1973, 1986, 1987, 1989, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012) while winning the ANAVET Cup seven times to advance to the Centennial Cup (the national championship of junior A ice hockey), which they have won on two occasions in 2003 and 2008.
Photopharmacology
Photopharmacology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that combines photochemistry and pharmacology. Built upon the ability of light to change the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bioactive molecules, it aims at regulating the activity of drugs in vivo by using light. The light-based modulation is achieved by incorporating molecular photoswitches such as azobenzene and diarylethenes or photocages such as o-nitrobenzyl, coumarin, and BODIPY compounds into the pharmacophore. This selective activation of the biomolecules helps prevent or minimize off-target activity and systemic side effects. Moreover, light being the regulatory element offers additional advantages such as the ability to be delivered with high spatiotemporal precision, low to negligible toxicity, and the ability to be controlled both qualitatively and quantitatively by tuning its wavelength and intensity.

Photoswitch
A photoswitch is a type of molecule that can change its structural geometry and chemical properties upon irradiation with electromagnetic radiation. Although often used interchangeably with the term molecular machine, a switch does not perform work upon a change in its shape whereas a machine does. However, photochromic compounds are the necessary building blocks for light-driven molecular motors and machines. Upon irradiation with light, photoisomerization about double bonds in the molecule can lead to changes in the cis- or trans- configuration. These photochromic molecules are being considered for a range of applications.
Barbara Herrnstein Smith
Barbara Herrnstein Smith (born 1932) is an American literary critic and theorist, best known for her work Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory.  She is currently the Braxton Craven Professor of Comparative Literature and English and director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Science and Cultural Theory at Duke University, and also a Distinguished Professor of English at Brown University.

Dwight H. Terry Lectureship
The Dwight H. Terry Lectureship, also known as the Terry Lectures, was established at Yale University in 1905 by a gift from Dwight H. Terry of Bridgeport, Connecticut. Its purpose is to engage both scholars and the public in a consideration of religion from a humanitarian point of view, in the light of modern science and philosophy.  The subject matter has historically been similar to that of the Gifford Lectures in Scotland, and several lecturers have participated in both series.
Odawara Domain
Odawara Domain (小田原藩, Odawara-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located primarily in western Sagami Province (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture). It was centered on Odawara Castle in what is now the city of Odawara.

Odawara
Odawara (小田原市, Odawara-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2025, the city had an estimated population of 185,027 and a population density of 1,700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 113.79 square kilometres (43.93 sq mi).
Listed buildings in Conisbrough and Denaby
Conisbrough is a ward and Denaby is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England.  The ward and parish contain 18 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are  listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.   The listed buildings are in the town of Conisbrough, and the villages of Denaby Main and Old Denaby.  The most important buildings are Conisbrough Castle and St Peter's Church, both listed at Grade I.  The other listed buildings include houses, a medieval well cover, a set of stocks, a public house, Conisbrough viaduct,a railway station and station house, two mileposts, another church and a chapel, a drinking fountain, and two war memorials.

Denaby Main
Denaby Main is a village between Mexborough and Conisbrough in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England. The village falls within the Doncaster MBC ward of Conisbrough and Denaby.  It was built by the Denaby Main Colliery Company to house its workers and their families, and originally given the name Denaby Main Colliery Village, to distinguish it from the village of Denaby, about 2⁄3 mi (1 km) away on the road to Hooton Roberts and Kilnhurst; from that time, the old village became known as Old Denaby.  In due course the "Colliery Village" part of the name was lost, leaving the village to be known as Denaby Main.
Kannagi: Crazy Shrine Maidens
Kannagi: Crazy Shrine Maidens (Japanese: かんなぎ, Hepburn: Kannagi; lit. "Shrine Maiden"), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Eri Takenashi. The manga was serialized in Ichijinsha's Comic Rex magazine from the January 2006 issue to the September 2017 issue. A 13-episode anime adaptation produced by A-1 Pictures aired between October and December 2008 in Japan. An original video animation (OVA) episode was released in May 2009. Bandai Entertainment licensed the manga and anime series, including the OVA.

Hideyuki Kurata
Hideyuki Kurata (倉田 英之, Kurata Hideyuki, born July 9, 1968 in Ibara, Okayama Prefecture) is a Japanese anime screenwriter, light novelist, and manga artist, noted for authoring the series composition of such works as Read or Die, Now and Then, Here and There, Kamichu!, and Gun Sword. He has been a member of Yōsuke Kuroda's creative group Studio Orphee since 2003, and has collaborated with Kuroda on many series, including Hellsing Ultimate, Drifters, and Goblin Slayer.
Autorité des Marchés Financiers (France)
The Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF; English: "Financial Markets Authority") is the securities commission in France. The AMF is an independent public body that is responsible for safeguarding investments in financial instruments and in all other savings and investments, as well as maintaining orderly financial markets.

Whereas it is governed under a national framework of accountability, the AMF increasingly implements policies set at the European Union level. It is a voting member of the Board of Supervisors of the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).

European Securities and Markets Authority
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is an agency of the European Union located in Paris.

ESMA replaced the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) on 1 January 2011. It is one of three European Supervisory Authorities set up within the European System of Financial Supervision in Paris, together with the European Banking Authority (EBA) also in Paris and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) in Frankfurt.
Cape Melville
Cape Melville is a headland on the eastern coast of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. To its west lies Princess Charlotte Bay. It is part of the Cape Melville National Park. Cape Melville was named Stoney Cape in 1815 by Lieutenant Charles Jeffreys on the HM Kangaroo but later renamed by him as Cape Melville

Pipon Island is about six km north of the cape and Hales Island about two km east, both part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. King Island lies several kilometres to the north west of the cape.  The highest peak on the cape is Abbey Peak, which named in 1901 by Commander Munro. R.N.,  while aboard HMS Dart.

The cape consists of granite outcrops which formed 250 million years ago.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.