hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duncan McGillivray
Duncan McGillivray (c. 1770 – April 9, 1808), born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, was an explorer and fur trader in the Western Canada.

In the mid 1790s, he served as the North West Company's clerk at Fort George in what is now Alberta, and he later accompanied David Thompson on explorations of Rupert's Land and the Canadian Rockies. In 1800, they reached what is now Banff National Park. By 1801, McGillivray was suffering from rheumatism, and returned to Montreal.

In 1808 Thompson gave what is now called the Kootenay River the name "McGillivray's River", in honour of William and Duncan McGillivray. Duncan also loved the outdoors, and once took home and dissected a mountain goat. Mount McGillivray, located east of Banff National Park, was also named in his honor.

Duncan was an older brother to Simon McGillivray, and both were involved in McTavish, McGillivrays & Co. with their brother William.

Simon McGillivray
Simon McGillivray, FRS (c. 1785 –  9 June 1840), played an intricate role in merging the family owned North West Company with the rival Hudson's Bay Company. From 1835, he co-owned the Morning Chronicle and the London Advertiser. He was Provincial Grand Master of Upper Canada (1822–1840); Fellow of the Royal Society at London; a member of the Beaver Club at Montreal and a member of the Canada Club at London.
2019–20 United Kingdom floods
Between November 2019 and February 2020, severe winter flooding occurred across the United Kingdom. The first wave of flooding occurred in November 2019, mainly affecting Yorkshire and the Humber, the East Midlands and the West Midlands. Further isolated flooding incidents were reported in December and January, before the second main wave of flooding, caused by Storms Ciara and Dennis, occurred in February 2020. The excessive rainfall resulted in the wettest February since records began, in 1766, in England and Wales with an average of 169.6 millimetres (6.68 in) falling across the regions, beating the record from 1833.

River Don, Yorkshire
The River Don (also called River Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It rises in the Pennines, west of Dunford Bridge, and flows for 69 miles (111 km) eastwards, through the Don Valley, via Penistone, Sheffield, Rotherham, Mexborough, Conisbrough, Doncaster and Stainforth. It originally joined the Trent, but was re-engineered by Cornelius Vermuyden as the Dutch River in the 1620s, and now joins the River Ouse at Goole. Don Valley is a UK parliamentary constituency near the Doncaster stretch of the river.
1933 New York City mayoral election
The New York City mayoral election of 1933 took place on November 7, 1933, in New York City. Incumbent Democratic Mayor John P. O'Brien, who was elected in a special election after the resignation of Mayor Jimmy Walker, faced Republican Congressman and 1929 mayoral candidate Fiorello La Guardia, and former acting mayor and President of the New York City Board of Aldermen Joseph V. McKee, who became acting mayor after Walker's resignation until the special election, and ran on the Recovery Party line. This was the first time since 1901 that Republicans won a mayoral election in New York City. This is also the worst performance by a Democratic candidate in a New York City mayoral election.

1901 New York City mayoral election
An election for Mayor of New York City was held in November 1901.

Incumbent mayor Robert A. Van Wyck was not a candidate for re-election to a second term in office. Republicans would not win a mayoral election in New York City again until 1933.
Primskovo
Primskovo (pronounced [ˈpɾiːmskɔʋɔ]; German: Primskau) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Primskovo is also the name of the local parish church and the collective name for the area covering a number of settlements in the surrounding area, including Dolnji Vrh, Gornji Vrh, Gradišče, Ježce, Kamni Vrh pri Primskovem, Mihelca, Mišji Dol, Poljane pri Primskovem, Sevno, Stara Gora, and Zagrič.

Ježce
Ježce (pronounced [ˈjeːʃtsɛ]) is a small settlement in the Primskovo area of the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Metol
Metol  is a trade name for the organic compound with the formula [HOC6H4NH2(CH3)]2HSO4. It is the sulfate salt of N-methylaminophenol. This colourless salt is a popular photographic developer used in monochrome photography.

Photographic developer
In the processing of photographic films, plates or papers, the photographic developer (or just developer) is one or more chemicals that convert the latent image to a visible image. Developing agents achieve this conversion by reducing the silver halides, which are pale-colored, into silver metal, which is black when in the form of fine particles. The conversion occurs within the gelatine matrix. The special feature of photography is that the developer acts more quickly on those particles of silver halide that have been exposed to light. When left in developer, all the silver halides will eventually be reduced and turn black. Generally, the longer a developer is allowed to work, the darker the image.
1 Kings 7
1 Kings 7 is the seventh chapter of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the reign of Solomon over the unified kingdom of Judah and Israel (1 Kings 1 to 11). The focus of this chapter is the reign of Solomon, the king of Israel.

2 Chronicles 4
2 Chronicles 4 is the fourth chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible. The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of Solomon (2 Chronicles 1 to 9). The focus of this chapter is the construction of the temple's interior decoration.
William H. Meyer
William Henry Meyer (December 29, 1914 – December 16, 1983) was an American businessman and politician who served one term as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont from 1959 to 1961.

Robert Stafford
Robert Theodore Stafford (August 8, 1913 – December 23, 2006) was an American politician from Vermont. In his lengthy political career, he served as the 71st governor of Vermont, a United States representative, and a U.S. senator. A Republican, Stafford was generally considered a liberal, or "Rockefeller Republican".

Stafford is best remembered for his staunch environmentalism, his work on higher education, and his support, as an elder statesman, for the 2000 Vermont law legalizing civil unions for gay couples.
Solidago tortifolia
Solidago tortifolia, commonly known as twistleaf goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the family Asteraceae. It is found in the eastern and southern United States, primarily along the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain from Maryland to Texas.

Solidago tortifolia is  a perennial herb up to 130 cm (52 inches or 4 1/3 feet) tall, with a woody underground caudex or rhizomes. One plant can produce as many as 300 small yellow flower heads in a large, branching array at the top of the plant.

S. tortifolia  can be found in habitats such as pine flatwoods, sand pine scrub, and various types of hardwood hammocks.

Solidago
Solidago, commonly called goldenrod, is a genus of about 100 to 120 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Most are herbaceous perennial species found in open areas such as meadows, prairies, and savannas. They are mostly native to North America, including Mexico; a few species are native to South America and Eurasia. Some American species have also been introduced into Europe and other parts of the world.
Alan de Multon
Alan de Multon (died 1256), Lord of Papcastle, who held lands in Cockermouth, was an English noble.

He was the second son of Thomas de Multon and Sarah de Flete. His father paid one thousand marks to the crown for the wardship of the daughters and heirs of Richard de Luci and married them to his sons. Alan died in 1256 and was succeeded by his son Thomas.

Richard de Luci of Egremont
Richard de Luci (died 1213), sometimes spelt Lucy, Baron of Egremont and Copeland, was an English noble.

He was the third son of Reginald de Luci and Amabel filias Duncan. Richard inherited Egremont from his mother. He refused service to King John of England in 1201 and paid 15 marks scutage. Richard and his wife Ada were benefactors of the priories of St. Bees, Wetheral and Calder. He died in early 1213 and was buried in the Priory of St. Bees. Thomas de Multon, paid one thousand marks to the crown for the wardship of the daughters and heirs of Richard and married them to his sons.
Multon also married Ada, Richard’s widow, without license and was required to pay £100 to the crown.
Batnfjordsøra
Batnfjordsøra is the administrative centre of Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Batnfjorden at the mouth of the river Batnfjordelva. European Route E39 passes through the village on its way from Molde to Trondheim.

The 0.39-square-kilometre (96-acre) village has a population (2024) of 367 and a population density of 941 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,440/sq mi).

The village of Gjemnes lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the northeast, along the north side of the fjord, and the village of Torvikbukt lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the northeast along the south side of the fjord. The village of Øre lies about halfway between Torvikbukt and Batnfjordsøra. Heading southwest along E39, you will get to the village of Hjelset and the larger town of Molde.

Batnfjorden
Batnfjorden is a fjord in Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long fjord begins at the village of Batnfjordsøra, the municipal center of Gjemnes Municipality, and runs to the northeast toward the island of Bergsøya, where it joins the Tingvollfjorden. Other villages on the shores of the fjord include Gjemnes, Torvikbukt, and Øre. The European route E39 highway runs along the northern shore of the fjord. The river Batnfjordelva flows into this fjord.
Michel Maffesoli
Michel Maffesoli (born 14 November 1944) is a French sociologist.

He is a former pupil of Gilbert Durand and Julien Freund, and an emeritus professor at Paris Descartes University. His work touches upon the issue of community links and the prevalence of "the imaginary" in the everyday life of contemporary societies, through which he contributes to the postmodern paradigm.

Maffesoli has been a member of the Institut Universitaire de France since September 2008, following a controversial nomination.

More generally, he has been the subject of several controversies, both scientific and professional, the most widely known of which concerns his supervision of the PhD dissertation of astrologer Élizabeth Teissier.

Maffesoli was born in Graissessac, Hérault.

The Time of the Tribes
The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society (French: Le Temps des tribus : le déclin de l'individualisme dans les sociétés de masse) is a 1988 book by the French sociologist Michel Maffesoli. It argues that mass society, rather than creating a mass of individuals, has resulted in a type of tribalised society. The book and its subject, labelled neo-tribes, have had impact in sociology and other fields.
Iwona Bielas
Iwona Bielas (Polish pronunciation: [iˈvɔna ˈbjɛlas]; born in the 1960s) is a Polish former competitive ice dancer. With Jacek Jasiaczek, she won the 1981 Polish national title and competed at three ISU Championships. They finished 11th at the 1979 World Junior Championships in Augsburg, West Germany; 9th at the 1980 World Junior Championships in Megève, France; and 18th at the 1981 European Championships in Innsbruck, Austria.

Bielas/Jasiaczek trained at Klub Sportowy Społem in Łódź, Poland. They attended IX Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego in Łódź.

Jacek Jasiaczek
Jacek Jasiaczek (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjat͡sɛk jaˈɕat͡ʂɛk]; 14 February 1962 – 21 April 2025) was a Polish former competitive ice dancer. With Iwona Bielas, he won the 1981 Polish national title and competed at three ISU Championships. They finished 11th at the 1979 World Junior Championships in Augsburg, West Germany; 9th at the 1980 World Junior Championships in Megève, France; and 18th at the 1981 European Championships in Innsbruck, Austria.

Bielas/Jasiaczek trained at Klub Sportowy Społem in Łódź, Poland. They attended IX Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego in Łódź.
Richmond, Indiana
Richmond (/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is a city in eastern Wayne County, Indiana, United States. Bordering the state of Ohio, it is the county seat of Wayne County. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the Richmond micropolitan area. Situated largely within Wayne Township, its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby Boston Township, where Richmond Municipal Airport is located.

Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest jazz recordings and records were made at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company. Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke, Jelly Roll Morton, Hoagy Carmichael, Lawrence Welk, and Gene Autry. The city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in 2009.

Richmond station (Pennsylvania Railroad)
Richmond station is a former railroad station of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway and Pennsylvania Railroad. The former station is located within a national historic district located at Richmond, Indiana.
WANM
WANM (90.5 FM) is an American radio station broadcasting a college radio (urban contemporary) format. Licensed to Tallahassee, Florida, the station serves the greater Tallahassee area. The radio station is owned by Florida A&M University and had the call sign WAMF until 1999. WANM was formerly an AM station on 1070 kHz. The frequency is currently used by WFRF (AM).

Florida A&M University
Florida A&M University (FAMU), is a public historically black land-grant university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Founded in 1887, it is the third-largest historically black university in the US by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. It is a member of the State University System of Florida and is accredited to award baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Florida A&M sports teams are known as the Rattlers, and compete in Division I of the NCAA.  They are a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
The World's Greatest SuperFriends
The World's Greatest SuperFriends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes that ran from September 22, 1979, to September 27, 1980, on ABC. It was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and is based on the Justice League and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics.

Wonder Twins
The Wonder Twins (Zan and Jayna) are a fictional extraterrestrial twin brother and sister superhero duo and trio. Created by Norman Maurer, Bill Hanna, and Joe Barbera, the characters first appeared in 1977 in the seventh episode of Hanna-Barbera's American animated television series The All-New Super Friends Hour. The pair can activate their shapeshifter superpowers by touching their fists and saying the phrase "Wonder Twin powers, activate!" Jayna can transform into any animal, and Zan can become water in any state. The siblings are accompanied by a pet monkey, Gleek, who assists in their crime-fighting activities.

They subsequently appeared in comics based on the animated series and were later introduced into the main DC Comics Universe. They have since appeared in other media, including the animated series Teen Titans Go! and the live-action TV series Smallville.
Kunsan National University
Kunsan National University is a national university located in Miryong-dong, Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do, in western South Korea.  The university first opened its doors in 1947 as Kunsan Teachers' College.  It gained university status in 1991.

Gunsan
Gunsan (Korean: 군산; [kun.sʰan]), also romanized as Kunsan, is a city in North Jeolla Province, South Korea. It is on the south bank of the Geum River just upstream from its exit into the Yellow Sea. It has emerged as a high-tech manufacturing industrial city and an international trade seaport that is approximately 200 km (120 mi) southwest of Seoul on the midwest coast of the Korean Peninsula.

Kunsan Air Base operated by the United States Air Force is in the city. To encourage investment, a free trade zone has been declared.
M. Shadows
Matthew Charles Sanders (born July 31, 1981), known by his stage name M. Shadows, is an American singer who is the lead vocalist and a founding member of heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold. In 2017, he was voted third in the list of Top 25 Greatest Modern Frontmen by Ultimate Guitar.

Synyster Gates
Brian Elwin Haner Jr. (born July 7, 1981), better known by his stage name Synyster Gates or simply Syn, is an American guitarist, best known as the lead guitarist of heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold. He ranks No. 9 on Guitar World's best metal guitarists of all time. Gates was voted as Best Metal Guitarist in the World by Total Guitar in 2016 and once again in 2017.
Rick Griffin
Richard Alden Griffin (June 18, 1944 – August 18, 1991) was an American artist and one of the leading designers of psychedelic posters in the 1960s. He was a key figure in the underground comix movement as a founding member of the Zap Comix collective. Griffin was closely identified with the Grateful Dead, designing some of their best-known posters and album covers including Aoxomoxoa. His work within the surfing subculture included both film posters and his comic strip, Murphy.

Chet Helms
Chester Leo "Chet" Helms (August 2, 1942 – June 25, 2005), often called the father of San Francisco's 1967 "Summer of Love," was a music promoter and a counterculture figure in San Francisco during its hippie period in the mid- to-late 1960s.

Helms was the founder and manager of Big Brother and the Holding Company and recruited Janis Joplin as its lead singer. He was a producer and organizer, helping to stage free concerts and other cultural events at Golden Gate Park, the backdrop of San Francisco's Summer of Love in 1967, as well as at other venues, including the Avalon Ballroom.

He was the first producer of psychedelic light-show concerts at the Fillmore and the Avalon Ballroom and was instrumental in helping to develop bands that had the distinctive San Francisco Sound. Helms died June 25, 2005, of complications of a stroke. He was 62.
Elberfeld–Dortmund railway
The Elberfeld–Dortmund railway is a major railway in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of a major axis for long distance and regional rail services between Wuppertal and Cologne, and is served by Intercity Express, InterCity, Regional Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains.

This 56 km long line was the main line of the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company. It was opened in 1849 and has been redeveloped several times since and is now fully electrified.

Dortmund Hauptbahnhof
Dortmund Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The station's origins lie in a joint station of the Köln-Mindener Eisenbahn and Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn which was built north of the city centre in 1847. That station was replaced by a new station, erected in 1910 at the current site. It featured raised embankments to allow a better flow of traffic.  At the time of its opening, it was one of the largest stations in Germany. It was, however, destroyed in an Allied air raid on 6 October 1944.

The main station hall was rebuilt in the year 1952 in a contemporary style. Its stained glass windows feature then-common professions of Dortmund.

The station has 190,000 passengers passing through each day.
Stein Rokkan Memorial Lecture
The Stein Rokkan Memorial Lecture is an annual lecture which is arranged by the Department of Comparative Politics (Norwegian: Institutt  for sammenliknende politikk) at the University of Bergen, Norway. Since 2002, the organising of the lecture has been in cooperation with the UNI Rokkan Centre. The purpose of the lecture is to draw attention to some of the most outstanding exponents of Stein Rokkan’s fields of research; first and foremost political science, sociology and comparative politics.

Stein Rokkan
Stein Rokkan (July 4, 1921 – July 22, 1979) was a Norwegian political scientist and sociologist. He was the first professor of sociology at the University of Bergen and a principal founder of the discipline of comparative politics. He founded the multidisciplinary Department of Sociology at the University of Bergen, which encompassed sociology, economics and political science and which had a key role in the postwar development of the social sciences in Norway.
Ichigem Range
The Ichigem Range (Russian: Ичигемский Хребет) is a range of mountains in Magadan Oblast and Kamchatka Krai, Russian Far East.

Administratively most of the range falls within the Penzhinsky District of Kamchatka Krai, but the western end reaches into the Severo-Evensky District of Magadan Oblast.

Oklan
The Oklan (Russian: Оклан; Koryak: Ыӄлан) is a river in Kamchatka Krai, Russia. The length of the river is 272 kilometres (169 mi) and the area of its drainage basin is 12,600 square kilometres (4,900 mi2). It is the second most important tributary of the Penzhina after the Belaya.

The name of the river comes from the Koryak yḳlan (ыӄлан), meaning 'icy way'.
Neilson Hays Library
The Neilson Hays Library is a privately funded English-language library in Bangkok, Thailand. It occupies a historic building on Surawong Road in Bangkok's Bang Rak district, designed in neoclassical style by Italian architects Mario Tamagno and Giovanni Ferrero. The library traces its origins to the Bangkok Ladies' Library Association, which was established in 1869 but did not have a permanent location until the current building was commissioned in 1921 by resident American doctor T. Heyward Hays in memory of his late wife, Jennie Neilson Hays, who had been an active member of the library board. The building, completed in 1922, features a symmetrical plan, with a domed rotunda originally serving as the entrance hall (now a gallery) and an H-shaped reading room. The building received the ASA Architectural Conservation Award in 1982 and was registered as an ancient monument in 2001. It underwent major restoration work from 2016 to 2018.

Surawong Road
Surawong Road (Thai: ถนนสุรวงศ์, pronounced [sù.ra.wōŋ]) is a road in the Bang Rak District of Bangkok, Thailand, linking Charoen Krung Road to Rama IV and forming the boundary between Suriyawong and Si Lom subdistricts. It was built at the end of the 19th century during Bangkok's period of expansion following the country's opening up to the West, and was home to many leading businesses, upper-class families, and members of the expatriate community. It was known as a Western-style nightlife entertainment district during the 1920s, and was—and still is—home to many leading hotels. The road grew as a business district along with the nearby Si Lom Road during the mid-20th century, but lagged behind in development toward the end of the century due to its limited traffic capacity. Today, it is still home to several historic landmarks, as well as many well-known restaurants.