hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jōji
Jōji (貞治) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Kōan and before Ōan. This period spanned the years from September 1362 through February 1368. The emperor in Kyoto was Emperor Go-Kōgon (後光厳天皇, Go-Kōgon-tennō). Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was Emperor Go-Murakami (後村上天皇, Go-Murakami-tennō).

Emperor Go-Kōgon
Emperor Go-Kōgon (後光厳天皇, Go-Kōgon-tennō; 23 March 1338 – 12 March 1374) was the 4th of the Emperors of Northern Court during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1352 through 1371.

This Nanboku-chō "sovereign" was named after his father Emperor Kōgon and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he may be called the "Later Emperor Kōgon", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor Kōgon, the second", or as "Emperor Kōgon II."
Nocardia farcinica
Nocardia farcinica is a species of bacteria, once thought to be associated with farcy, and a member of the genus Nocardia.  This species is very similar in phenotype to Nocardia asteroides, to the degree that some isolates of N. asteroides were later found to be Nocardia farcinica.

Nocardia
Nocardia is a genus of weakly staining Gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It forms partially acid-fast beaded branching filaments (appearing similar to fungi, but being truly bacteria). It contains a total of 85 species. Some species are nonpathogenic, while others are responsible for nocardiosis. Nocardia species are found worldwide in soil rich in organic matter. In addition, they are oral microflora found in healthy human gingiva, as well as periodontal pockets. Most Nocardia infections are acquired by inhalation of the bacteria or through traumatic introduction through openings in epithelial barriers.
Psammosere
A psammosere is the sequence of plant succession that has been initiated on sand.

A psammosere is an intermediate stage in ecological succession, known as a seral community, that begins life on newly exposed coastal sand. The most common psammoseres are sand dune systems. Psammosere is a form of xerosere succession, meaning it begins in an environment with limited to no freshwater availability.

Seral community
A seral community is an intermediate stage found in ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards its climax community. In many cases more than one seral stage evolves until climax conditions are attained. A prisere is a collection of seres making up the development of an area from non-vegetated surfaces to a climax community.

A seral community is the name given to each group of plants within the succession. A primary succession describes those plant communities that occupy a site that has not previously been vegetated. These can also be described as the pioneer community. Computer modeling is sometimes used to evaluate likely succession stages in a seral community.

Depending on the substratum and climate, a seral community can be one of the following:

Hydrosere

Community in water

Lithosere

Community on rock

Psammosere

Community on sand

Xerosere

Community in dry area

Halosere

Community in saline body (e.g. a salt marsh)
Hōhoku, Yamaguchi
Hōhoku (豊北町, Hōhoku-chō) was a town located in Toyoura District, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of January 31, 2005, the town had an estimated population of 12,740 and a density of 75.56 persons per km2. The total area is 168.61 km2.

On February 13, 2005, Hōhoku, along with the towns of Kikugawa, Toyoura and Toyota (all from Toyoura District), was merged into the expanded city of Shimonoseki.

Shimonoseki
Shimonoseki (Japanese: 下関市, Hepburn: Shimonoseki-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2023, the city had an estimated population of  248,193 in 128,762 households and a population density of 350 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 716.18 square kilometres (276.52 sq mi). It is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the Chūgoku region in terms of population. It is nicknamed the 'home of Fugu' for the locally caught and cooked pufferfish, and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.
Walnut Hills High School
Walnut Hills High School is a public college-preparatory high school in Cincinnati, Ohio. Operated by Cincinnati Public Schools, it houses grades seven through twelve. The school was established in 1895 and has occupied its current building since 1932.

Cincinnati Public Schools
Cincinnati Public Schools (often abbreviated CPS) is the U.S. state of Ohio's second largest public school district, by enrollment, after Columbus City Schools.  Cincinnati Public Schools is the largest Ohio school district rated as 'effective'. Founded in 1829 as the Common Schools of Cincinnati, it is governed by the Cincinnati Board of Education.

In addition to Cincinnati, the district includes Amberley, Golf Manor, Ridgewood, most of Silverton, and a portion of Fairfax. It also includes sections of Columbia Township.
Takaka County
Takaka County was one of the counties of New Zealand in the South Island.

During the period 1853 to 1876, the area that would become Takaka County was administered as part of Nelson Province. With the Abolition of Provinces Act 1876, the areas bordering Golden Bay (an arm of the Tasman Sea) were placed under the administration of the newly formed Collingwood County, effective 1 January 1877.

In 1903, the Government of New Zealand voted to reduce the size of Collingwood County to just its western Aorere region, with the remaining eastern region being constituted as Takaka County, effective April 1904. The county council's administrative headquarters was located in Tākaka.

Takaka County existed until 1956, when it re-amalgamated with Collingwood County to form Golden Bay County. Golden Bay County existed until the 1989 local government reforms, when it was amalgamated into the new Tasman District.

Collingwood County
Collingwood County was one of the counties of New Zealand on the South Island.

During the period 1853 to 1876, the area that would become Collingwood County was administered as part of Nelson Province. With the Abolition of Provinces Act 1876, Collingwood County was created, taking over administration of its area on 1 January 1877.

In 1903, the Government of New Zealand voted to reduce the size of Collingwood County to just its western Aorere region, with the remaining eastern region being constituted as Takaka County, effective April 1904. The two counties were re-amalgamated in 1956 to form Golden Bay County.

Golden Bay County existed until the 1989 local government reforms, when it was amalgamated into the new Tasman District.
Umbilical hernia
An umbilical hernia is a health condition where the abdominal wall behind the navel is damaged. It may cause the navel to bulge outwards—the bulge consisting of abdominal fat from the greater omentum or occasionally parts of the small intestine. The bulge can often be pressed back through the hole in the abdominal wall, and may "pop out" when coughing or otherwise acting to increase intra-abdominal pressure. Treatment is surgical, and surgery may be performed for cosmetic as well as health-related reasons.

Omphalocele
An omphalocele or omphalocoele, also known as an exomphalos, is a rare abdominal wall defect. Beginning at the 6th week of development, rapid elongation of the gut and increased liver size reduces intra abdominal space, which pushes intestinal loops out of the abdominal cavity. Around 10th week, the intestine returns to the abdominal cavity and the process is completed by the 12th week. Persistence of intestine or the presence of other abdominal viscera (e.g. stomach, liver) in the umbilical cord results in an omphalocele.

Omphalocele occurs in 1 in 4,000 births and is associated with a high rate of mortality (25%) and severe malformations, such as cardiac anomalies (50%), neural tube defect (40%), exstrophy of the bladder and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. Approximately 15% of live-born infants with omphalocele have chromosomal abnormalities. About 30% of infants with an omphalocele have other congenital abnormalities.
Caneva
Caneva (Italian: [ˈkaːneva]; Venetian: Càneva; Standard Friulian: Cjànive, Western Friulian: Cjàneva) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Pordenone. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6,374 and an area of 42.0 square kilometres (16.2 sq mi).

Caneva borders the following municipalities: Cordignano, Fontanafredda, Fregona, Polcenigo, Sacile, Sarmede, Tambre.

Polcenigo
Polcenigo (Friulian: Polcenic, locally Al Borc) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 miles) northwest of Trieste, 95 kilometres (59 mi) north of Venice and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Pordenone.

Located on the slopes of the Western Carnic Prealps, in a quiet region surrounded by a charming landscape, it is a renowned water springs area characterized by numerous small streams, torrents, lake-like springs all flowing into river Livenza, whose waters springs in the place called Santissima.

Polcenigo borders the following municipalities: Budoia, Caneva, Fontanafredda, Tambre. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
WSPC
WSPC (1010 AM) is a commercial radio station in Albemarle, North Carolina.  It broadcasts a talk radio format and is owned by Stanly Communications.  The radio studios and transmitter are on Magnolia Street in Albemarle.

By day, WSPC transmits with 1,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna, but because AM 1010 is a Canadian clear channel frequency, WSPC must reduce power at night to 64 watts to avoid interference.  Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator W297CE at 107.3 MHz.

Albemarle, North Carolina
Albemarle (/ˈælbəˌmɑːrl/) is a city in and the county seat of Stanly County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 16,432 in the 2020 census.

While proximal to many outdoor recreation areas such as Morrow Mountain State Park and Uwharrie National Forest, the City of Albemarle lacks any notable attractions. Many buildings throughout the city are abandoned or run down. Statistics show significant rates of homelessness and substance abuse. The City lacks regular quality communication information sources, and residents must turn to  social media for local events and police reports which often lack details and accuracy.
FATA Interim Governance Regulation, 2018
The FATA Interim Governance Regulation, 2018 was a law signed by the President of Pakistan on May 28, 2018, which replaces the Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) and outline how the Federally Administered Tribal Areas will be governed "within a timeframe of two years" as the region is merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through the passage of the Thirty-first Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan. An official described the regulation as a combination of the FCR and the rejected Tribal Areas Rewaj Act.

The regulation has been signed under Article 247 of the Constitution of Pakistan which stood to be repealed by the Thirty-first Amendment, which the President has signed on 31 May 2018.

Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed by the Parliament of Pakistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly in May 2018. Under the amendment, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA) are to be merged with the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP).
Art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Art competitions were held as part of the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States.  Medals were awarded in five categories (architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture), for works inspired by sport-related themes.

Art competitions were part of the Olympic program from 1912 to 1948, but were discontinued due to concerns about amateurism and professionalism.  Since 1952, a non-competitive art and cultural festival has been associated with each game.

Art competitions at the Summer Olympics
Art competitions formed part of the modern Olympic Games during its early years, from 1912 to 1948.  The competitions were part of the original intention of the Olympic Movement's founder, Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin.  Medals were awarded for works of art inspired by sport, divided into five categories: architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture, which led to the events' initial moniker of "Pentathlon of the Muses."

The juried art competitions halted after a 1949 decision by the IOC that since the majority of art contestants worked as professional artists, the competitions contradicted the Olympic spirit of amateur competition, which was more strictly enforced for athletes. Art exhibitions replaced the competitions in the following years, and since 1956, host nations have organized Cultural Olympiads at their own discretion.
Bagnasco
Bagnasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Cuneo.

Bagnasco borders the following municipalities: Battifollo, Calizzano, Lisio, Massimino, Nucetto, Perlo, Priola, and Viola.

Viola, Piedmont
Viola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 km (56 mi) south of Turin and about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 470 and an area of 21.1 km2 (8.1 sq mi).

Viola borders the following municipalities: Bagnasco, Garessio, Lisio, Monasterolo Casotto, Pamparato, and Priola.
Sheridan, Illinois
Sheridan is a village in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the village's population was 2,431, up from 2,137 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Ottawa Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Ottawa micropolitan area, Illinois
The Ottawa, Illinois, micropolitan area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of three counties in Northern Illinois, anchored by the city of Ottawa. Peru (until 2020) and Streator (until 2013) are former primary cities.

As of the 2010 census, the μSA had a population of 154,908. An estimate by the Census Bureau, as of July 1, 2012, placed the population at 153,182, a decrease of 1.11%, but still making it the fourth-largest micropolitan statistical area in the United States.
La Noumbi
La Noumbi is a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit operated by Perenco. The vessel, converted from the former Finnish Aframax crude oil tanker Tempera by Keppel Corporation, will replace an older FPSO unit in the Yombo field off the Republic of Congo in 2018.

Built at Sumitomo Heavy Industries in Japan in 2002, Tempera was the first ship to utilize the double acting tanker (DAT) concept in which the vessel is designed to travel ahead in open water and astern in severe ice conditions. Tempera and her sister ship Mastera, built in 2003, were used mainly to transport crude oil, year-round, from the Russian oil terminal in Primorsk to Neste Oil refineries in Porvoo and Naantali. In 2015, Neste sold Tempera to the oil and gas company Perenco for conversion to an FPSO.

Double acting ship
A double acting ship is a type of icebreaking ship designed to travel forwards in open water and thin ice, but turn around and proceed astern (backwards) in heavy ice conditions. In this way, the ship can operate independently in severe ice conditions without icebreaker assistance but retain better open water performance than traditional icebreaking vessels.

Double acting ships carrying liquid cargo are generally referred as double acting tankers. In the early 1990s Kværner Masa-Yards Arctic Technology Centre (MARC) developed the concept for oil transportation between the Russian Arctic and Europe and the first double acting tanker, Finnish crude oil tanker Tempera, was delivered in 2002.
Franklin Alton Wade
Franklin Alton Wade (1903–1978) was an American geologist. One of his chief scientific interests was the geology of Antarctica, to which he traveled several times, including twice with the explorer Admiral Richard E. Byrd.

Prince Olav Mountains
The Prince Olav Mountains (84°57′S 173°00′W﻿ / ﻿84.950°S 173.000°W﻿ / -84.950; -173.000) is a mountain group in the Queen Maud Mountains in Antarctica stretching from Shackleton Glacier to Liv Glacier at the head of the Ross Ice Shelf.
Passagon
Passagon is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Bohicon. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 7,916.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Cocky Bennett (cockatoo)
Cocky Bennett (1796 – 26 May 1916) was an Australian Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) reported to have lived for about 119 to 120 years, making him one of the oldest parrots ever recorded. Renowned throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Bennett became a well-known fixture at the Sea Breeze Hotel in Blakehurst, New South Wales, where he greeted patrons, mimicked human speech, and entertained guests.

Sulphur-crested cockatoo
The sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) is a relatively large white cockatoo found in wooded habitats in Australia, New Guinea, and some of the islands of Indonesia. They can be locally very numerous, leading to them sometimes being considered pests. A highly intelligent bird, they are well known in aviculture, although they can be demanding pets.
Main-Neckar Railway
The Main-Neckar Railway (German: Main-Neckar–Eisenbahn, MNE) is a main line railway west of the Odenwald in the Upper Rhine Plain of Germany that connects Frankfurt am Main to Heidelberg via Darmstadt, Bensheim and Weinheim. It was opened in 1846 and is one of the oldest railways in Germany.

The railway line is part of the networks served by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund and Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar.

Frankfurt (Main) Süd station
Frankfurt (Main) Süd (Frankfurt (Main) South) or Frankfurt Südbahnhof is one of three railway stations for long-distance train services in Frankfurt, Germany.  Unlike Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof it is not a terminus but a through station, and has nine tracks with five platforms. It is a stopping station for some long-distance routes (ICE, IC) and for regional traffic (Regional-Express and RegionalBahn). It is also one of the major rapid-transit railway hubs in the city with S-Bahn and U-Bahn services.
Bridget Mary McCormack
Bridget Mary McCormack (born July 23, 1966) is an American lawyer, professor, and retired justice. She served on the Michigan Supreme Court from 2013 to 2022, first as an associate justice, and as chief justice from 2019 to 2022. Previously she was a professor at the University of Michigan Law School in Ann Arbor, where she taught criminal law and legal ethics and oversaw the law school's clinical programs as associate dean of clinical affairs. Her academic work focused on practical experience in legal education. McCormack launched and worked in a pediatric advocacy law clinic focusing on children with health problems, and a domestic violence clinic. She retired from the Supreme Court at the end of 2022 and became President and Chief Executive Officer of the American Arbitration Association in February 2023.

Will McCormack
William Joseph McCormack Jr. (born January 13, 1974) is an American actor, executive producer, screenwriter, and film director. He is best known for his short film If Anything Happens I Love You (2020), which earned him the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.

McCormack is also known for writing the screenplay for Celeste and Jesse Forever (2012) and the story for Toy Story 4 (2019), the former of which earned him nominations for the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay and the Black Reel Award for Outstanding Screenplay, Adapted or Original. He appeared in the television series The Sopranos (1999–2001), Brothers & Sisters (2008–2009), and In Plain Sight (2008–2012), as well as the films American Outlaws (2001), Syriana (2005), and A Wrinkle in Time (2018). He won a Lucille Lortel Award for his role in the off-Broadway one-act play The Long Christmas Ride Home (2003).
Latorica
Latorica (Hungarian: Latorca; Slovak: Latorica; Ukrainian: Латориця, romanized: Latorytsia) is a river in the watershed of the Danube. Its source is in the Ukrainian Carpathians (Eastern Carpathian Mountains), near the village Latirka. It flows from Ukraine (156.6 km) to Slovakia (31.4 km), 188 km in total and west through the towns of Svaliava, Mukachevo, Solomonovo, Chop and Veľké Kapušany. Its basin size is 7,740 km2 (2,990 sq mi). Its confluence with the Ondava, in Zemplín, gives rise to the Bodrog river, itself a tributary of the Tisza.

A part of its watershed (Latorica Protected Landscape Area, "Ramsar site No. 606", 44.05 km2 (17.01 sq mi)) has been added to the Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance since 1993.

Ondava
The Ondava is a river in eastern Slovakia, the northern source river of the Bodrog. Its source is in the Low Beskids (Eastern Carpathian Mountains), near the village Nižná Polianka, close to the border with Poland. The Ondava flows south through the towns of Svidník, Stropkov and Trhovište, and through the Ondavská Highlands. It is 142 km (88 mi) long and its basin size is 3,355 km2 (1,295 sq mi).

Near the village Cejkov, the Ondava joins the Latorica and forms the Bodrog river, itself a tributary of the Tisza.  The Ondava river is 44% regulated.
Dialogue Ireland
Dialogue Ireland is an independent trust, established in 1992, which works to promote awareness and understanding of religious issues and cultism in Ireland. It is an ecumenical body which counters the rise in a number of new religions and cults in Ireland. It grew out of the Catholic-run Cult Awareness Centre becoming an ecumenical body of the mainline Christian churches. Among those who worked in the field in its early years were, Fr. Martin Tierney, a priest of the Archdiocese of Dublin, who served as Chairperson of the group; Mike Garde (a Mennonite, who is now Director of Dialogue Ireland); and Dominican priest Fr. Louis Hughes OP (who served as Chairperson of Dialogue Ireland).

Dialogue Ireland has published articles covering groups such as the Educo Seminar and House of Prayer, Achill, and Scientology.

Mike Garde
Mike Garde is a South African born theologian and an expert on cults. He is the director of Dialogue Ireland. Garde is a Mennonite and is a member of Grosvenor Baptist Church in Rathmines. In 1978, he was supported by the London Mennonist Mission, in establishing the Irish Mennonist Mission in Dublin. He was the first non-Catholic to study for the Bachelor of Divinity at St Patrick's College, Maynooth in 1975. He also gained an H.Dip in Education. Prior to attending Maynooth he studied for a Diploma in Theology at the Irish Baptist College in Belfast and University College London. He received an M.A. in Theology in 2006 from the Milltown Institute in Dublin.

Garde appears regularly on radio and TV discussing cults in Ireland on behalf of Dialogue Ireland, and speaks in secondary schools in Ireland on the dangers of cults.