hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ma Wan Channel
Ma Wan Channel (Chinese: 馬灣海峽) is a channel between Ma Wan and Tsing Yi islands in Hong Kong. The north end of the channel is Ting Kau where it joins the Rambler Channel. To the west it joins with the Kap Shui Mun channel running to the south of Ma Wan, leading into Urmston Road. To the east, it divides into the Tsing Yi Channel and the Rambler Channel, leading to Tsuen Wan and Kwai Chung. To the south is the Western Working Anchorage of Victoria Harbour.

A long suspension bridge, the Tsing Ma Bridge, connects Ma Wan and Tsing Yi, bridging across the Ma Wan channel. One of the bridge towers stands on an artificial island near the Ma Wan side of the channel.

Historically, it is also known as Kai Tap Mun (雞踏門) or Kai Tsap Mun (雞閘門).

Ma Wan
Ma Wan is an island in Hong Kong, located between Lantau Island and Tsing Yi Island. Administratively, it is part of the Tsuen Wan District and has an area of 0.97 square kilometres (240 acres).

The Lantau Link that passes through Ma Wan was constructed in the mid-1990s as part of the Hong Kong Government's Rose Garden plan to connect the newly built Hong Kong International Airport to the city centre. Its development fostered plans to develop the island. Today, a large part of Ma Wan is occupied by the Park Island apartment complex. A theme park, named Ma Wan Park, was built to accompany the housing project, with its first phase opened on 1 July 2007.
Petersburg, Madison County, North Carolina
Petersburg is an unincorporated community on North Carolina Highway 213, in south-central Madison County, North Carolina, United States. It lies at an elevation of 1991 feet (607 m). The community is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the hometown of the country music group "The Petersburg Boys", formerly known as "The Sawmill Gang".

Asheville metropolitan area
The Asheville metropolitan area is a metropolitan area centered on the principal city of Asheville, North Carolina. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan statistical area used by the United States Census Bureau and other entities, as comprising the four counties of Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, and Madison. The area's population was 424,858 according to the 2010 census, and 469,454 according to the 2020 census.
Neguri (Bilbao metro)
Neguri is a station on line 1 of the Bilbao metro. It is located in the neighborhood of Neguri, in the municipality of Getxo. The station opened as part of the metro on 11 November 1995, replacing an older station.

Getxo
Getxo (Basque: [getʃo]) (Spanish: Guecho) is a town located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, in Spain.
It is part of Greater Bilbao, and has 75,430 inhabitants (2023). Getxo is mostly an affluent residential area, as well as being the third largest municipality of Biscay.
Civil service entrance examination
Civil service examinations are examinations implemented in various countries for recruitment and admission to the civil service. They are intended as a method to achieve an effective, rational public administration on a merit system for recruiting prospective politicians and public sector employees.

The most ancient example of such exams were the imperial examinations of ancient China.

Merit system
The merit system is the process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections. It is the opposite of the spoils system.
Penedo, Itatiaia
Penedo is a district in the Itatiaia municipality, located in the southern region of Rio de Janeiro state, in Brazil. Founded as a vegan commune by Finnish settlers, it is now a Finland-themed tourist destination.

Itatiaia
Itatiaia (Portuguese pronunciation: [itɐtʃiˈajjɐ]) is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. With a 2021 population estimate of 32,312, it is the 1,097th-most populous municipality in Brazil. Located in the Mantiqueira mountain range and on the border of the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minais Gerais, it covers an area of 241.035 km2 (93.064 sq mi).

The oldest national park in Brazil, Itatiaia National Park (Parque Nacional do Itatiaia), is partially located within Itatiaia. The municipality also contains part of the 8,036 ha (19,860-acre) Pedra Selada State Park, created in 2012.
Sorrento, Western Australia
Sorrento is a northern coastal suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia in the local government area of the City of Joondalup. At its northwestern corner is the Hillarys Boat Harbour, built in the late 1980s.

Sacred Heart College, Sorrento
Sacred Heart College, Sorrento is an Australian independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school located in the northern Perth suburb of Sorrento, Western Australia. Established in 1967, the school provides a religious and general education to approximately 1,400 students from Year 7 to Year 12.

The college is situated on 8 hectares (20 acres) overlooking both the Indian Ocean and Hillary's Boat Harbour. Facilities include extensive playing fields, hard courts for many sports, a performing arts centre, science labs, computer labs, gymnasium and specialised rooms for engineering, wood and art.
No such thing as a free lunch
"No such thing as a free lunch" (also written as "There ain't no such thing as a free lunch", "There is no such thing as a free lunch" or simply "No free lunch" and sometimes called Crane's law) is a popular adage communicating the idea that it is impossible to get something for nothing.  The acronyms TANSTAAFL, TINSTAAFL, and TNSTAAFL are also used.  The phrase was in use by the 1930s, but its first appearance is unknown. The "free lunch" in the saying refers to the formerly common practice in American bars of offering a "free lunch" in order to entice drinking customers.

The phrase and the acronym are central to Robert A. Heinlein's 1966 science-fiction novel The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, which helped popularize it. The free-market economist Milton Friedman also increased its exposure and use by paraphrasing it as the title of a 1975 book; it is used in economics literature to describe opportunity cost. Campbell McConnell writes that the idea is "at the core of economics".

Gratis versus libre
The adjective free in English is commonly used in one of two meanings: "at no monetary cost" (gratis) or "with little or no restriction" (libre). This ambiguity can cause issues where the distinction is important, as it often is when dealing with laws concerning the use of information, such as copyright and patents.

The terms gratis and libre may be used to categorise intellectual property like computer programs, according to the licenses and legal restrictions that cover them, especially in the free software and open source communities, as well as the broader free culture movement. For example, they are used to distinguish "freeware" (software gratis) from free software (software libre).

Free software advocate and GNU founder Richard Stallman advocates usage of the slogan: "Think free as in free speech, not free beer." This basically means: "Think free as in libre, not gratis."
Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko
Prince Jan Duklan Maurycy Paweł Puzyna de Kosielsko (13 September 1842 – 8 September 1911) was a Polish Catholic Cardinal who was auxiliary bishop of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine) from 1886 to 1895, and the bishop of Kraków from 1895 until his death in 1911. Named a Cardinal in 1901, he was known for his conservative views and authoritarianism.

1903 conclave
A conclave was held from 31 July to 4 August 1903 to elect a new pope to succeed Leo XIII, who had died on 20 July. Of the 64 eligible cardinal electors, all but two attended. On the seventh ballot, the conclave elected Cardinal Giuseppe Sarto, the patriarch of Venice. After accepting his election, he took the name Pius X.

This was the first conclave to host a representative from North America—James Gibbons, archbishop of Baltimore—and the first to incorporate a non-European born cardinal since the 1471 papal conclave that featured Cardinal Bessarion of Trebizond. Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria asserted the right claimed by certain Catholic rulers to veto a candidate for the papacy, blocking the election of the leading candidate, Cardinal Secretary of State Mariano Rampolla.
General officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air and space forces, marines or naval infantry.

In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel.

General (Sri Lanka)
General (abbreviated as Gen.) is the highest attainable and full general rank of the Sri Lankan Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of general; it is also considered a four-star rank.

The rank of full general is not always given; this rank is held by a Chief of the Defence Staff (if the chief is appointed from the army and not from the navy or the air force) or is mostly awarded as a ceremonial rank to the Commander of the Army on his day of retirement.

General is a higher rank than lieutenant general, but is lower than field marshal. General is the equivalent of Admiral in the Sri Lanka Navy and Air Chief Marshal in the Sri Lanka Air Force.
Schweizerland
Schweizerland, also known as Schweizerland Alps, is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality. Its highest point is one of the highest peaks in Greenland.

Owing to its high peaks Schweizerland is a popular climbing destination, together with the Watkins Range to the northeast and the Stauning Alps further north. Tasiilaq Heliport is located near the area of the range.

King Christian IX Land
King Christian IX Land (Danish: Kong Christian IX Land) is a coastal area of Southeastern Greenland in Sermersooq Municipality fronting the Denmark Strait and extending through the Arctic Circle from 65°N to 70°N.
Homunculus
A homunculus (UK: /hɒˈmʌŋkjʊləs/ hom-UNK-yuul-əs, US: /hoʊˈ-/ hohm-, Latin: [hɔˈmʊŋkʊlʊs]; "little person", pl.: homunculi UK: /hɒˈmʌŋkjʊlaɪ/ hom-UNK-yuul-lye, US: /hoʊˈ-/ hohm-, Latin: [hɔˈmʊŋkʊliː]) is a small artificial human or human-like being. Popularized in 16th-century alchemy and 19th-century fiction, it has historically been referred to as the creation of a miniature, fully formed human or humanoid being. The concept has roots in preformationism as well as earlier folklore and alchemic traditions.

The term lends its name to the cortical homunculus, an image of a person with the size of the body parts distorted to represent how much area of the cerebral cortex of the brain is devoted to it.

Paracelsus
Paracelsus (/ˌpærəˈsɛlsəs/; German: [paʁaˈtsɛlzʊs]; 10 November 1493 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance.

He was a pioneer in several aspects of the medical revolution of the Renaissance, emphasizing the value of observation in combination with received wisdom. He is credited as the "father of toxicology". Paracelsus also had a substantial influence as a prophet or diviner, his "Prognostications" being studied by Rosicrucians in the 17th century. Paracelsianism is the early modern medical movement inspired by the study of his works.
KKGQ
KKGQ (92.3 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Newton, Kansas, United States, and serving the Wichita metropolitan area. Owned by Union Broadcasting, it airs a sports radio format as the market affiliate for ESPN Radio, branded as "ESPN Wichita 92.3". The studios are on McLean Boulevard, next to Equity Bank Park in Wichita. KKGQ is a member of the Jayhawk Radio Network and regularly broadcasts the Kansas Jayhawks football and men's basketball games. KKGQ's transmitter is sited along Cow Palace Road on the south side of Newton.

Newton, Kansas
Newton is a city in and the county seat of Harvey County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 18,602.  Newton is located 25 miles (40 km) north of Wichita.  The city of North Newton. located immediately north, exists as a separate political entity.  Newton is located at the intersection of Interstate 135, U.S. Route 50, and U.S. Route 81 highways.
Hoengseong County
Hoengseong County (Korean: 횡성군; RR: Hoengseong-gun) is a county located in the southwestern part of the South Korean state of Gangwon, bordering Pyeongchang County to the east, Yangpyeong County, Gyeonggi Province to the west, Hongcheon County to the north, and the city of Wonju and Yeongwol County to the south.

The roots of Codonopsis lanceolata (더덕; deodeok), a bonnet bellflower species, play an important role in local agriculture, as does Hanwoo beef, a specialty product.

The Korean Minjok Leadership Academy, a notable boarding school, is located in the county, an autonomous private high school that recruits students nationwide.

Hongcheon County
Hongcheon (Hongcheon-gun) is a county and city in the state of Gangwon, South Korea. The city lies on the northern bank of the Hongcheon River, southeast of Chuncheon. The terrain of the county is mainly mountainous and contains hot springs in the Hongcheong River valley. The county produces ginseng, maize, and vegetables. As of 2012 the county had a population of 70,401 people (including foreigners) in 29,894 households.
Mezhraiontsy
The Mezhraiontsy (Russian: межрайонцы, IPA: [mʲɪʐrɐˈjɵnt͡sɨ]), usually translated as the "Interdistrictites," were members of a small independent faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), which existed between 1913 and 1917. Although the organization's formal name was the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Internationalists), the names "Mezhraionka" for the organization and "Mezhraiontsy" for its participants were commonly used to indicate the group's intermediate ideological position between the rival Menshevik and Bolshevik wings of the divided RSDLP.

The Mezhraiontsy merged with the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
In the course of the history of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP between 1898 and 1918), several political factions developed, as well as the major split between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks.
Set-theoretic definition of natural numbers
In set theory, several ways have been proposed to construct the natural numbers. These include the representation via von Neumann ordinals, commonly employed in axiomatic set theory, and a system based on equinumerosity that was proposed by Gottlob Frege and by Bertrand Russell.

New Foundations
In mathematical logic, New Foundations (NF) is a non-well-founded, finitely axiomatizable set theory conceived by Willard Van Orman Quine as a simplification of the theory of types of Principia Mathematica.
Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress
The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best lead actress of the year.

Natalie Portman, Naomi Watts and Reese Witherspoon have each won this award twice. Cate Blanchett has been awarded three times.

Online Film Critics Society
The Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) is an international professional association of online film journalists, historians and scholars who publish their work on the World Wide Web. The organization was founded in January 1997 by Harvey S. Karten, an early online critic who discovered that membership in the New York Film Critics Circle was open only to journalists working for newspapers and magazines. Online critics have generally found it difficult to gain acceptance for their work, and one role of the OFCS is to provide professional recognition to the most prolific and successful online critics.

Since 1997, the OFCS has given out annual awards that recognize the best films in about seventeen categories. These awards are noted in the established print media such as Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, and are included in their annual speculation about the ultimate winners of the Academy Awards.
Brie Gertler
Brie Gertler is an American philosopher who works primarily on problems in the philosophy of mind. A mind-body dualist, she is Commonwealth Professor of Philosophy and, as of March 2024, interim executive vice-president and provost at the University of Virginia. Her special interests include introspection, consciousness and mental content.

She has edited Privileged Access (2003), an anthology of papers on self-knowledge, and co-edited (with Lawrence Shapiro)  "Arguing about the Mind" (2007), a reader in the philosophy of mind.

Lawrence Shapiro
Lawrence Shapiro is a professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the United States. His research focuses in the philosophy of psychology. He also works in both the philosophy of mind, and philosophy of biology.
Falcons 2000 SC
Falcons 2000 Soccer Club (formerly Morwell Falcons, Gippsland Falcons and Eastern Pride) is an Australian semi-professional soccer club based in the Victorian town of Morwell in the Latrobe Valley area of Gippsland. The club currently participates in the Latrobe Valley Soccer League.

As Morwell Falcons, the club achieved lasting national fame by achieving the rare feat of promotion to Tier 1 status in the Australian National Soccer League from what is described now as the Tier 10 Latrobe Valley Soccer League, via promotions in the Australian Association Football pyramid between 1973 and 1992, when promotion to the highest tier was available.

The club has won two Victorian State League titles (1984 and 1989), the 1994 Dockerty Cup, seven Latrobe Valley Soccer League titles and seven Battle of Britain Cup titles.

Morwell
Morwell is a town in the Latrobe Valley area of Gippsland, in South-Eastern Victoria, Australia approximately 152 km (94 mi) east of Melbourne.

Morwell has a population of 14,389 people at the 2021 census.

It is both the capital and administrative centre for the City of Latrobe and the city’s second most populous town after the neighbouring Traralgon. Morwell is located in the centre of the Latrobe Valley urban area, which has a population of 77,168 at the 2021 Census and is home to many of the greater urban area's civic institutions, administrative functions and infrastructure.

The city is known for its role as a major energy production centre for Victoria as the centre of a major coal mining and fossil-fuel power generation industry.

Morwell's centenary rose garden located in the central business district, won an award in 2009 for being a 'garden of excellence'. Since 2018, the town has hosted the International Rose Garden Festival Morwell (IRGFM).
Robynsia
Robynsia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by John Hutchinson and was named after his friend and colleague Walter Robyns. The genus contains only one species, Robynsia glabrata, which is found in Ghana, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. The species is morphologically similar to the genus Cuviera but differs by having long, slender corolla tubes.

Cuviera
Cuviera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae native to tropical Africa. It was originally described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1807 and is named after the French naturalist Georges Cuvier.
Game of the Century (chess)
The Game of the Century is a chess game that was won by the 13-year-old future world champion Bobby Fischer against Donald Byrne in the Rosenwald Memorial Tournament at the Marshall Chess Club in New York City on October 17, 1956. In Chess Review, Hans Kmoch dubbed it "The Game of the Century" and wrote: "The following game, a stunning masterpiece of combination play performed by a boy of 13 against a formidable opponent, matches the finest on record in the history of chess prodigies."

Sacrifice (chess)
In chess, a sacrifice is a move that gives up a piece with the objective of gaining tactical or positional compensation in other forms. A sacrifice could also be a deliberate exchange of a chess piece of higher value for an opponent's piece of lower value.

Any chess piece excluding the king may be sacrificed. Because players usually try to hold on to their own pieces, offering a sacrifice can come as an unpleasant surprise to one's opponent, putting them off balance and causing them to waste precious time trying to calculate whether the sacrifice is sound or not, and whether to accept it. Sacrificing one's queen (the most valuable piece), or a string of pieces, adds to the surprise, and such games can be awarded brilliancy prizes.
Sun Pictures
Sun Pictures is an Indian film production and film distribution based in Chennai, India. It is a division of Sun TV Network a part of the Sun Group. In 2010, it started producing films, the first film was Enthiran which was a huge blockbuster. Alongside, they have produced numerous blockbuster films such as Sarkar, Petta, Beast,  Jailer and Coolie.

Sun Group
Sun Group is an Indian media conglomerate, based in Chennai. It was founded by Kalanithi Maran in 1992. The Sun Group, besides television media, operates 48 FM radio stations, two daily newspapers, five magazines, a DTH satellite service and T20 cricket franchises.
Graham County, North Carolina
Graham County (locally /ˈɡreɪˌhæm/) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,030, making it the third-least populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Robbinsville.

North Carolina Highway 143
North Carolina Highway 143 (NC 143) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  It runs from the Tennessee state line to NC 28, near the community of Stecoah.  It is best known for its 18-mile (29 km) section of the Cherohala Skyway, shared with Tennessee State Route 165.
Sheung Wo Hang
Sheung Wo Hang is a Hakka village in Wo Hang, Sha Tau Kok, in the North District of Hong Kong. It is occupied by members of Hakka Li (李) Clan. Until the 18th century, the village was known as Wo Hang (禾坑).

Patrick Hase
Patrick Hugh Hase (Chinese: 夏思義) is a historian specialised in the history of the New Territories, Hong Kong. He is a retired civil servant of Hong Kong under the British governance, living there from 1972 to present (as of 2020).
Agufo
Agufo is a town in the Western Region of Ghana. The town is north of Domunli on the Atlantic coast of Ghana. It is located 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the regional capital, Takoradi, in the region of Western Region, and is in the Jomoro District.  Other towns that surround Agufo are Domunli, Domun, Ejan, Dentokrom.

Dentokrom
Dentokrom (also written Dentukrom) is a town in the Western Region of Ghana. The town is north of Domunli on the Atlantic coast of Ghana. It is located 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the regional capital, Takoradi, in the region of Western Region, and is in the Jomoro District. Other towns that surround Dentokrom are Domunli, Domun, Ejan, and Agufo.