hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Howard Hanson
Howard Harold Hanson (October 28, 1896 – February 26, 1981) was an American composer, conductor, educator and music theorist. As director for forty years of the Eastman School of Music, he raised its quality and provided opportunities for commissioning and performing American classical music. In 1944, he won a Pulitzer Prize for his Symphony No. 4, and received numerous other awards, including the George Foster Peabody Award for Outstanding Entertainment in Music in 1946.

Robert Moffat Palmer
Robert Moffat (variously "Moffatt" and "Moffett") Palmer (b. June 2, 1915, Syracuse, New York; d. July 3, 2010, Ithaca, New York) was an American composer, pianist and educator. He composed more than 90 works, including two symphonies, Nabuchodonosor (an oratorio), a piano concerto, four string quartets, three piano sonatas and numerous works for chamber ensembles.
BigDog
BigDog is a dynamically stable  quadruped military robot platform that was created in 2005 by Boston Dynamics with the Harvard University Concord Field Station. It was funded by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), but the project was shelved after the BigDog's gas engine was deemed too loud for combat.

Military robot
Military robots are autonomous robots or remote-controlled mobile robots designed for military applications, from transport to search & rescue and attack.

Some such systems are currently in use, and many are under development. The difference between military robots and military drones is unclear as of 2025: some say that lethal autonomous weapons are robots whereas others describe “fully autonomous military drones”.
Domain (ring theory)
In algebra, a domain is a nonzero ring in which ab = 0 implies a = 0 or b = 0. (Sometimes such a ring is said to "have the zero-product property".) Equivalently, a domain is a ring in which 0 is the only left zero divisor (or equivalently, the only right zero divisor).   A commutative domain is called an integral domain.  Mathematical literature contains multiple variants of the definition of "domain".

Zero ring
In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, the zero ring or trivial ring is the unique ring (up to isomorphism) consisting of one element. (Less commonly, the term "zero ring" is used to refer to any rng of square zero, i.e., a rng in which xy = 0 for all x and y. This article refers to the one-element ring.)

In the category of rings, the zero ring is the terminal object, whereas the ring of integers Z is the initial object.
3034 Climenhaga
3034 Climenhaga /ˈklaɪmɪnheɪɡə/ is a stony Florian asteroid and synchronous binary asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7.8 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 24 September 1917 by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany and assigned provisional designation A917 SE. It was later named after Canadian astrophysicist John Climenhaga. Its minor-planet moon has a period of nearly 19 hours.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
Dimethyl malonate
Dimethyl malonate is a diester derivative of malonic acid. It is a common reagent for organic synthesis used, for example, as a precursor for barbituric acid. It is also used in the malonic ester synthesis. It can be synthesized from dimethoxymethane and carbon monoxide.

Dimethyl malonate is used extensively in the fragrance industry as a raw material in the synthesis of jasmonates. For example, methyl dihydrojasmonate is synthesized from cyclopentanone, pentanal and dimethyl malonate. Hedione is used in almost all fine fragrances and is found in Christian Dior's Eau Sauvage and "Diorella", Hermes' "Voyage d'Hermes Parfum", Calvin Klein's "CKOne", Chanel's "Chanel No. 19", and Mark Jacob's "Blush", among others. As of 2009, Hedione was Firmenich's top selling compound by volume.

Hebei Chengxin is the world's largest producer of dimethyl malonate by volume and uses a chloroacetic acid/sodium cyanide process developed in the 1940s.

Methyl dihydrojasmonate
Methyl dihydrojasmonate (often referred to by its trade names of hedione or kharismal) is an aroma compound with an odor similar to that of jasmine. It is a synthetic relative of methyl jasmonate, a naturally occurring compound in floral scents such as jasmine, tuberose and magnolia. In racemic mixtures the odor is floral and citrus, while epimerized mixtures exhibit a dense buttery-floral odor with odor recognition thresholds of 15 parts per billion. Considered one of the compounds responsible for the projection of the scent in living flowers, it was first fully characterised and synthesized between 1957 and 1962 in jasmine absolute (0.8%) by the fragrance chemist Edouard Demole, who was working at Firmenich. and is used in fine fragrances as well as cosmetics, toiletries, and detergents.
Japanese Lantern (Boston)
Japanese Lantern is a 1587 lantern sculpture, installed in Boston Public Garden, in Boston, MA, United States. The lantern was given to the city in 1904 by antiques dealer Bunkio Matsuki, who had been educated when he arrived in Salem MA by antiquarian Edward S. Morse.

Boston Public Garden
The Public Garden, also known as Boston Public Garden, is a large park in the heart of Boston, Massachusetts, adjacent to Boston Common. It is a part of the Emerald Necklace system of parks and is bounded by Charles Street and Boston Common to the east, Beacon Street and Beacon Hill to the north, Arlington Street and Back Bay to the west, and Boylston Street to the south. The Public Garden was the first public botanical garden in America.
Amateurliga Südbaden
The Amateurliga Südbaden was the highest football league in the region of the Südbaden FA and the third tier of the German football league system from its inception in 1945 to the formation of the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg and the Verbandsliga Südbaden below it in 1978.

Oberliga Baden-Württemberg
The Oberliga Baden-Württemberg is the highest association football league in the state of Baden-Württemberg and the Baden-Württemberg football league system. It is one of fourteen Oberligas in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system, and until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the third tier.
State school
A state school, public school, or government school is a primary or secondary school funded in whole or in part by taxation and operated by the government of the state. State-funded schools are global with each country showcasing distinct structures and curricula. Government-funded education spans from primary to secondary levels, covering ages 4 to 18. Alternatives to this system include homeschooling, private schools, charter schools, and other educational options.

Selective school
A selective school is a school that admits students on the basis of some sort of selection criteria, usually academic. The term may have different connotations in different systems and is the opposite of a comprehensive school, which accepts all students, regardless of aptitude.
Primary education is rarely selective, secondary education is selective and comprehensive depending on country, at the university level is almost universally selective.
Naoe Kanetsugu
Naoe Kanetsugu (直江 兼続; 1559 – January 23, 1620) was a Japanese samurai of the 16th–17th centuries. The eldest son of Higuchi Kanetoyo, Kanetsugu was famed for his service to two generations of the Uesugi daimyōs. He was also known by his court title, Yamashiro no Kami (山城守) or his childhood name, Higuchi Kanetsugu (樋口 兼続).

Kanetsugu served first as a koshō (小姓) to Uesugi Kenshin. After Kenshin had died, he served as Karō to Kagekatsu, the adopted son of Kenshin. Kanetsugu's brother, Ōkuni Sanehiro, was also a famous Uesugi retainer.

Uesugi Kagekatsu
Uesugi Kagekatsu (上杉 景勝; 8 January 1556 – 19 April 1623) was a Japanese samurai daimyō during the Sengoku and Edo periods. He was the adopted son of Uesugi Kenshin and Uesugi Kagetora’s brother in law.
Prince George County, Virginia
Prince George County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 43,010. Its county seat is Prince George.

Prince George County is located within the Greater Richmond Region of the U.S. state of Virginia.

Virginia State Route 10
State Route 10 (SR 10) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 93.58 miles (150.60 km) from U.S. Route 360 (US 360) in Richmond east to SR 337 in Suffolk.  SR 10 is a major suburban highway through Chesterfield County between the Southside of Richmond and Hopewell.  Between Hopewell and Smithfield, which is served by SR 10 Business, the state highway passes through rural Prince George, Surry, and Isle of Wight counties, following the route of an old stagecoach road through an area that features many of the preserved James River plantations.  SR 10 runs concurrently with US 258 and SR 32 between Smithfield and Suffolk.
Ophirton
Ophirton is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. This industrial suburb lies three kilometers to south-west of the Johannesburg CBD. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, adjacent to Booysens.

Booysens (Johannesburg)
Booysens is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa, located around 3.2 km southwest of city hall.

Booysens is bordered on the southwest by Robertsham, on the northwest by Framton, on the north by Ophirton, on the east by the Robinson Deep mine, and on the south from east to west by Turffontein, West Turffontein, and Southdale. North of Booysens Road, the area is predominantly industrial on its border with Ophirton, and most residents live to the south of that road.
Bertiolo
Bertiolo (Friulian: Bertiûl) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Bertiolo is located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Udine.

Bertiolo borders the municipalities Codroipo, Lestizza, Rivignano Teor, Talmassons, and Varmo.

Codroipo
Codroipo (Friulian: Codroip) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Udine.

Codroipo borders the following municipalities: Basiliano, Bertiolo, Camino al Tagliamento, Lestizza, Mereto di Tomba, San Vito al Tagliamento, Sedegliano, Valvasone Arzene, Varmo.

The village of Rivolto (Friulian: Rivolt) hosts the Italian Air Force acrobatic flight squadron, the Frecce Tricolori.
New Horizons High School
New Horizons High School is a small public school in the Delta/Greely School District in Delta Junction, Alaska.  It is designed to serve self-motivated students who have sound academic goals and would benefit from the support and guidance of a classroom environment, but who require more flexibility than is possible at a traditional high school. Often, students go to NHHS because they are behind on credits or have circumstances such as health or family issues that make attending Delta High School difficult. NHHS students therefore each have individual graduation plans, and most NHHS courses are paced by the student.

Delta/Greely School District
Delta/Greely School District is a school district in Delta Junction, Alaska. The superintendent is Shaun Streyle.
It operates the following schools:

Delta Elementary School

Delta High School

Fort Greely School

New Horizons High School

Delta/Greely Homeschool

Gerstle River School
East Pakistan Sports Federation
The East Pakistan Sports Federation (EPSF) was the provincial governing body responsible for the administration and coordination of sports in East Pakistan. It oversaw several sporting disciplines, including football, cricket, field hockey, wrestling, volleyball, boxing, badminton, cycling, athletics, gymnastics, and shooting. The federation became defunct following Bangladesh's victory in the Liberation War on 16 December 1971, and its responsibilities were subsequently assumed by the National Sports Council (NSC), which became the national governing authority for sports in Bangladesh.

National Sports Council
The National Sports Council (NSC) is the national overseer of the control authorities of 41 different sports in Bangladesh. It is responsible to the Bangladesh Ministry of Youth and Sports and is based in Purana Paltan, Dhaka.
Narzole
Narzole is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Cuneo.

Narzole borders the following municipalities: Barolo, Bene Vagienna, Cherasco, La Morra, Lequio Tanaro, Novello, and Salmour.

Salmour
Salmour is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Cuneo.  
Salmour borders the following municipalities: Bene Vagienna, Cervere, Cherasco, Fossano, and Narzole.
Furikake
Furikake (振り掛け, ふりかけ, 振掛け, 振掛) is a dry Japanese condiment sprinkled on top of cooked rice, or used as an ingredient in onigiri. It typically consists of a mixture of dried fish or freeze-dried eggs, sesame seeds, dried seaweed flakes, sugar, salt. Other ingredients, such as katsuobushi (sometimes indicated on the package as bonito), okaka (bonito flakes moistened with soy sauce and dried again), freeze-dried salmon particles, shiso, egg, powdered miso, or vegetables, are often added.

Furikake is often brightly colored and flaky. It can have a slight fish or seafood flavoring and may be spicy or sweet. It can be used in Japanese cooking for pickling and for rice balls (onigiri).

Chazuke
Chazuke (茶漬け, ちゃづけ) or ochazuke (お茶漬け, from (o)cha 'tea' + tsuke 'submerge') is a simple Japanese dish made by pouring green tea, dashi, or hot water over cooked rice. Common toppings include tsukemono (pickled vegetables), umeboshi (pickled ume), nori (seaweed), furikake, sesame seeds and tarako (salted and marinated pollock roe), salted salmon, shiokara (pickled seafood), scallions, and wasabi.

Chazuke provides a way to use leftover rice as a quick snack because it is easy to make.  In Kyoto, ochazuke is known as bubuzuke. Since the 1970s, packaged "instant ochazuke", consisting of freeze-dried toppings and seasonings, has become popular.
Tuscarawas County, Ohio
Tuscarawas County (/ˌtʌskəˈrɑːwəs/ TUS-kə-RAH-wəs) is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 93,263. Its county seat is New Philadelphia. Its name is a Delaware Indian word variously translated as "old town" or "open mouth". Tuscarawas County comprises the New Philadelphia–Dover, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area.

Bolivar, Ohio
Bolivar (/ˈbɒlɪvər/, rhymes with Oliver) is a village in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,000 at the 2020 census. Bolivar is also home to Fort Laurens, the only American Revolutionary War-era fort in what is now Ohio.
Diocese of Richmond
The Diocese of Richmond (Latin: Diœcesis Richmondiensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Virginia in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Baltimore.

The diocese's current bishop is Barry C. Knestout, who was appointed by Pope Francis on December 5, 2017.

Walter Francis Sullivan
Walter Francis Sullivan (June 10, 1928 – December 11, 2012) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Richmond in Virginia from 1974 to 2003. Sullivan previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the same diocese from 1970 to 1974.

From 2003 until his death, Sullivan resided in Saint Paul's Parish in Richmond and continued to be active in the diocese, assisting his successor Bishop Francis X. DiLorenzo.
2020–21 Swiss Challenge League
The 2020–21 Swiss Challenge League (referred to as the Brack.ch Challenge League for sponsoring reasons) is the 18th season of the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of competitive football in Switzerland, under its current name. The season started on 18 September 2020 and is scheduled to end on 30 May 2021. The start of the season was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. The league held its winter break between 22 December 2020 and 23 January 2021.

FC Thun
Fussballclub Thun 1898 is a Swiss football team from the Bernese Oberland town of Thun. The club plays in the Swiss Super League from 2025–26, the top tier of the Swiss football league system, following promotion from the Swiss Challenge League in the 2024–25 season. The club plays at the Stockhorn Arena which accommodates a total of 10,000 supporters, both seated and standing. The club's colours are red and white.

The biggest achievements in the club's history are two second-place finishes in the Swiss Cup (1955 and 2019), as well as reaching the group stages of the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League.
Pitcairnia longissimiflora
Pitcairnia longissimiflora is a species of plant in the genus Pitcairnia that is endemic to Bolivia. It may reach heights of up to 140 centimetres (4.6 feet) and has an erect stem. Its dangling flowers of 16 cm (0.52 ft) consist of white or pale green petals.

Pitcairnia
Pitcairnia is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae. It was named after William Pitcairn, Scottish physician and gardener (1711–1791). Pitcairnia ranks as the second most species-rich genus in the family Bromeliaceae, after Tillandsia. They are most abundant in Colombia, Peru and Brazil, but can also be found in areas from Cuba and Mexico south to Argentina. One species, Pitcairnia feliciana, is found in tropical West Africa, and is the only member of the family Bromeliaceae not native to the Americas.

Almost all Pitcairnias are terrestrial or saxicolous, and prefer moist areas. However, many are found growing epiphytically in trees.
2003 Albanian Supercup
The 2003 Albanian Supercup is the tenth edition of the Albanian Supercup since its establishment in 1989. The match was contested between the Albanian Cup 2003 winners Dinamo Tirana and the 2002–03 Albanian Superliga champions KF Tirana.

Albanian Supercup
The Albanian Supercup (Albanian: Superkupa e Shqipërisë) is an annually held match between the champions of the Kategoria Superiore and the Albanian Cup winners, or, if the same team won both trophies, the Cup's runners-up.

Prior to 2000, the Supercup final was not played if the champion team had won the Double. However, after 2000, the Albanian Football Federation changed the rule, and the final has since been played against the Cup runners-up in such a scenario.

There have been 30 finals played in total. Tirana are the most successful team, having won the trophy 12 times.
Bengal tiger
The Bengal tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies. It ranks among the largest of wild cats. It is distributed from India, southern Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan to Southwestern China. Its historical range extended to the Indus Basin until the early 19th century, and it is thought to have been present in the Indian subcontinent since the Late Pleistocene about 12,000 to 16,500 years ago. It is threatened by poaching, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation.

As of 2022, the Bengal tiger population was estimated at 3,167–3,682 individuals in India, 316–355 individuals in Nepal, 131 individuals in Bhutan and around 125 individuals in Bangladesh. It is the national animal of India and Bangladesh.

Indochinese tiger
The Indochinese tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies that is native to Southeast Asia. This population occurs in Myanmar and Thailand. In 2011, the population was thought to comprise 342 individuals, including 85 in Myanmar and 20 in Vietnam, with the largest population unit surviving in Thailand, estimated at 189 to 252 individuals during the period 2009 to 2014.
Sculthorpe Training Area
Sculthorpe Training Area, previously Royal Air Force Sculthorpe / (RAF Sculthorpe), is a military training site administered by the Defence Training Estate, part of the Ministry of Defence (MoD). It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 kilometres) west of Fakenham in the county of Norfolk in England.

The training area occupies the larger part of the former RAF Sculthorpe, a military airbase used by RAF bombers in the later stages of the Second World War (1942–45), by United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) units from 1952 to 1962, and thereafter temporary visiting airmen and support crews of both the Royal Air Force (RAF) and United States Air Force (USAF) until its closure as an active airfield on 2 October 1992 (1992-10-02). In 1997, the Ministry of Defence sold the technical, domestic and administrative site, but retained the airfield itself, including the runways, taxiways, dispersal areas and the adjacent dispersed secure weapon storage area.

RAF Marham
RAF Marham (IATA: KNF, ICAO: EGYM) is a Royal Air Force station near the village of Marham in the county of Norfolk, East Anglia, south of King's Lynn and Boston, west of Norwich.

It is home to No. 138 Expeditionary Air Wing (138 EAW) and, as such, is one of the RAF's 'main operating bases' (MOB).  Since 6 June 2018, it has been home to the fifth generation Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning operated by No. 617 (Dambusters) Squadron.  No. 207 Squadron, becoming the second Lightning squadron to be based at RAF Marham when it reformed on 1 August 2019 as the F-35 operational conversion unit (OCU).
PGC-1α
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. PPARGC1A is also known as human accelerated region 20 (HAR20). It may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humans from apes.

PGC-1α is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α is also the primary regulator of liver gluconeogenesis, inducing increased gene expression for gluconeogenesis.

NRF1
Nuclear respiratory factor 1, also known as Nrf1, Nrf-1, NRF1 and NRF-1, encodes a protein that homodimerizes and functions as a transcription factor which activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, heme biosynthesis, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. The protein has also been associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene and for "nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1" which has an official symbol of NFE2L1.