hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
El Tuparro National Natural Park
El Tuparro National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural El Tuparro) is a national park located in the Vichada Department in the Orinoquía Region of Colombia. It is the only protected area in the Eastern Plains (Llanos Orientales) under Colombia's Natural Parks System.

One of its main attractions is the mighty stream Raudal de Maypures (Maipures Rapids), called the "Eighth Wonder of the World" by German explorer Alexander von Humboldt in the 19th century.

Orinoquía natural region
The Orinoquía region is one of the six natural regions of Colombia that belongs to the Orinoco River watershed. It is also known colloquially as the Eastern Plains (Llanos Orientales). The region covers most of the area of the departments of Arauca, Casanare, Meta, and Vichada and small parts of the Boyacá, Norte de Santander, and Cundinamarca departments.
South African Class 3A 4-8-2
The South African Railways Class 3A 4-8-2 of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

Early in 1910, the Natal Government Railways commissioned a single American-built Class B 4-8-2 Mountain type locomotive, also known as the America D. It was the first superheated locomotive to be acquired by the Railways in Natal and also the first with a bar frame. In 1912, when it was assimilated into the South African Railways, it was renumbered and designated Class 3A.

4-8-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-8-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels and two trailing wheels. This type of steam locomotive is commonly known as the Mountain type, though the New York Central Railroad used the name Mohawk for their 4-8-2s.
Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.

Titan arum
The titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum) is a flowering plant in  the family Araceae. It has a large unbranched inflorescence, a tall single leaf branched like a tree, and a heavy tuber which enables the plant to produce the inflorescence. A. titanum is endemic to rainforests on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

Its flower blooms infrequently and only for a short period, and gives off a powerful scent of rotting flesh which attracts pollinators. As a consequence, it is characterized as a carrion flower, earning it the names corpse flower or corpse plant.

The titan arum was first brought to flower in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1889. Since then it has flowered at many botanic gardens. It remains difficult for amateurs to cultivate, but one flowered at Roseville High School in California in 2011. Flowerings can attract crowds of thousands of visitors, and in the 21st century also thousands on Internet live streaming.
Demographics of Iran
Iran's population increased dramatically during the later half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016. As of 2025, Iran's population is around 86.6 million. In recent years, however, Iran's birth rate has dropped significantly. Studies project that Iran's rate of population growth will continue to slow until it stabilises above 100 million by 2050. Half of Iran's population was under 35 years old in 2012. As of January 2025, the average age of the Iranian population is 32 years.

In 2009, the number of households stood at 15.3 million (4.8 persons per household). Families earn some 11.8 million rials (about $960) per month on average (2012).

According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Iran from 1990 to 2008 was 17.6 million and 32%. The literacy rate was 80% in 2002, and 85% in 2016. The fertility rate has fallen to 1.44, below the natural replacement rate of 2.1.

Iranian Americans
Iranian-Americans, also known as Persian Americans, are United States citizens or nationals who are of Iranian ancestry or who hold Iranian citizenship. According to the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the Ministry of Interior of Iran, the United States has the greatest number of Iranians outside the country.

Most Iranian-Americans arrived in the United States after 1979 in the wake  of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Iranian monarchy. Over 40% of them settled in California, specifically Los Angeles, where they formed distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Angelino community of "Tehrangeles" in Westwood, Los Angeles.

Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian-Americans at 691,000, about half of whom live in  California.
Radionomy
Radionomy was an online platform that provided tools for operating online radio stations. It was part of Radionomy Group, a company which later acquired the online streaming platform SHOUTcast from Nullsoft, and eventually consolidated Radionomy into its SHOUTcast service.

Nullsoft
Nullsoft, Inc. was an American software house founded in Sedona, Arizona in 1997 by programmer Justin Frankel. Its products included the Winamp media player and the SHOUTcast MP3 streaming media server.
Harrods Hill, Lexington
Harrods Hill is a neighborhood in southwestern Lexington, Kentucky, United States. Its boundaries are Harrodsburg Road to the east, Man o' War Boulevard to the south, and the Beaumont Centre neighborhood to the north and west. The boundary is based on when development occurred, as Harrods Hill is the older section. The smaller Harrodsview neighborhood is typically included in Harrods Hill for statistical purposes.

Development of Harrods Hill began in the late 1970s and the last home was constructed in 1997.

Beaumont Centre, Lexington
Beaumont Centre is a neighborhood and major retail and office park in southwestern Lexington, Kentucky, United States. Its boundaries are New Circle Road to the north, the older Harrods Hill neighborhood to the south, Man o' War Boulevard to the west, and Harrodsburg Road to the east.  The area was one of the last undeveloped areas off New Circle Road, development began in the early 1990s.

New Circle Road (Lexington's inner beltway) blocks direct access between Beaumont Centre and nearby the Beaumont Park or Garden Springs neighborhoods.
Kerala Iyer
Kerala Iyers, Pattars or Bhattars are Hindu Brahmins of the Indian state of Kerala; people who were residents in the Kerala region. The word "Pattar" originated from the Sanskrit word "Bhat", which is a common surname of Northern Brahmin Clans. The community consists of two groups: the Palakkad Iyers and the Iyers of the Cochin and Travancore regions.

Kerala Iyers, like the Iyers of Tamil Nadu and the Nambudiris of Kerala, belonged to the Pancha-Dravida classification of India's Brahmin community. They mostly belonged to the Vadama and Brahacharanam sub-sects. Iyers were usually not recruited as the priest (shanthi) in Kerala temples which followed Tantric rituals. So Iyers being Vedic scholars built their own temples in their Agraharams to conduct puja, since they followed different rituals and not the Tantric rituals of the Nambudiris.

Brahacharanam
Brahacharanam is a sub-sect of the Iyer community of Tamil Brahmins. The word "Brahacharanam" is a corruption of the Sanskrit word Brhatcharanam (Sanskrit: बृहत्चरणम्). Many Brahacharanam follow the Advaita Vedanta philosophy propounded by Adi Shankara. Some Brahacharanam adhere to Shivadvaita. The Brahacharanams, along with the Vadamas, form the major portion of the Kerala Iyer community.
Neapolitan ice cream
Neapolitan ice cream, also sometimes referred to as Harlequin ice cream, is an ice cream composed of three flavors (typically vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry) arranged side by side. Although Neapolitan is associated with Naples in Italy, it was first recorded in Prussia in 1839.

Chocolate ice cream
Chocolate ice cream is ice cream with natural or artificial chocolate flavoring. One of the oldest flavors of ice creams, it is also one of the world's most popular.  While most often sold alone, it is also a base for many other flavors.
Brigantiaea leucoxantha
Brigantiaea leucoxantha is a species of crustose lichen in the family Brigantiaeaceae. It was first described as a new species by German botanist Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel in 1820, as Lecidea leucoxantha. Rolf Santesson and Josef Hafellner transferred it to the genus Brigantiaea in 1982.

Brigantiaea
Brigantiaea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Brigantiaeaceae. The genus was established in 1853 by the Italian botanist Vittore Trevisan and is named after Francesco Briganti, a professor at the University of Naples. These lichens are recognised by their bright yellow to orange fruiting bodies that stand out against their crusty, wart-textured surface.
Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland
Prince Bertil of Sweden, Duke of Halland (Bertil Gustaf Oskar Carl Eugén; 28 February 1912 – 5 January 1997), was a member of the Swedish royal family. He was the third son of King Gustaf VI Adolf and his first wife, Princess Margaret of Connaught, as well as the uncle of King Carl XVI Gustaf. From 1973 to 1979, he was heir presumptive to his nephew Carl XVI Gustaf and the Swedish throne.

Princess Margaret of Connaught
Princess Margaret of Connaught (Margaret Victoria Charlotte Augusta Norah; 15 January 1882 – 1 May 1920) was Crown Princess of Sweden as the first wife of the future King Gustaf VI Adolf. Known in Sweden as Margareta, she was the elder daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, third son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia. Her marriage produced five children.
Gwanggaeto, The Great Conqueror
Gwanggaeto, The Great Conqueror, also known as King Gwanggaeto the Great, is a historical drama based on the life of the nineteenth monarch of Goguryeo, Gwanggaeto the Great. The drama was based on two sources, Gwanggaeto the Great by Jeong Jip, and Great Conquests of Gwanggaeto by Hyeong Minu.

Gogugyang of Goguryeo
Gogugyang (died 391, r. 384–391) was the 18th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.  During his reign, the balance of power among the Three Kingdoms began to shift, as Goguryeo attacked Baekje, and allied with Silla.
WFXQ-CD
WFXQ-CD (channel 28) is a low-power, Class A television station in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. It is a translator of dual NBC/CW+ affiliate WWLP (channel 22), owned by Nexstar Media Group. WFXQ-CD's transmitter is located at the old Mount Tom Ski Area summit in Holyoke. Its parent station maintains studios at Broadcast Center in the Sandy Hill section of Chicopee at the northwest corner of the I-391/MA 116/Chicopee Street interchange.

WGGB-TV
WGGB-TV (channel 40) is a television station in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, affiliated with ABC, Fox, and MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power CBS affiliate WSHM-LD (channel 33). The two stations share studios on Liberty Street in Springfield; WGGB-TV's transmitter is located on Mount Tom in Holyoke.
Deutscher Michel
Der Deutsche Michel ("Michael the German") is a figure representing the national character of the German people, rather as John Bull represents the English. He originated in the first half of the 19th century.

Germania (personification)
Germania (/dʒərˈmeɪniə/; Latin: [ɡɛrˈmaːnia]) is the personification of the German nation or the Germans as a whole. Like many other national personification symbols, she appeared first during the Roman Era. During the Medieval era, she was usually portrayed as one of the lands or provinces ruled by the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, and not as the most prominent but in a subordinate position to imperial power and other provinces. Around 1500, together with the birth of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, Emperor Maximilian I and his humanists reinvented her as Mother of the Nation.

She is also commonly associated with the Romantic Era and the Revolutions of 1848, though the figure was later used by Imperial Germany.
452nd Air Mobility Wing
The 452nd Air Mobility Wing is an Air Reserve Component of the United States Air Force. It is assigned to the Fourth Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command, stationed at March Air Reserve Base, California. If mobilized, the Wing is gained by the Air Mobility Command.

452nd Operations Group
The 452d Operations Group  is the flying component of the 452d Air Mobility Wing, assigned to the United States Air Force Reserve. The group is stationed at March Air Reserve Base, California.

During World War II, as the 452d Bombardment Group (Heavy), it was an Eighth Air Force Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress unit in England, stationed at RAF Deopham Green. 1st Lieutenant Donald J. Gott and 2nd Lieutenant William E. Metzger, Jr were both awarded the Medal of Honor for their heroic actions.

The present day 452d works to maintain a special relationship with the 452d Bomb Group Memorial Association to keep its heritage alive.
Central Rada
The Central Rada of Ukraine, also called the Central Council (Ukrainian: Українська Центральна Рада, romanized: Ukrainska Tsentralna Rada), was the All-Ukrainian council that united deputies of soldiers, workers, and peasants deputies as well as few members of political, public, cultural and professional organizations of the Ukrainian People's Republic. After the All-Ukrainian National Congress (19–21 April 1917), the Council became the revolutionary parliament in the interbellum lasting until the Ukrainian-Soviet War. Unlike with many other councils in the Russian Republic, Bolshevization of the Rada failed completely, prompting the Ukrainian Bolsheviks to form a rival government in Kharkov.

Volodymyr Vynnychenko
Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko (Ukrainian: Володимир Кирилович Винниченко; July 28 [O.S. July 16] 1880 – March 6, 1951) was a Ukrainian statesman, political activist, writer, playwright and artist who served as the first prime minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Prior to his entry onto the stage of Ukrainian politics, he was a long-time political activist, who lived abroad in Western Europe from 1906 to 1914 escaping persecution by Russian authorities.

Vynnychenko's works reflect his immersion in the Ukrainian revolutionary milieu, as well as his life both among impoverished working-class people, and among émigrés living in Western Europe. He is recognized as a leading Ukrainian modernist writer of the pre-revolutionary era, and an author of short stories, novels, and plays. In Soviet Ukraine between the 1930s and mid-1980s Vynnychenko's works, like those of many other Ukrainian writers, were forbidden.
Aieta
Aieta is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy. The name of the town comes from the Greek term aetòs, αετός, meaning "eagle". The town is located within the Pollino National Park, and its historical center is at 524 metres of altitude. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
The Long Cosmos
The Long Cosmos is a science fiction novel by  Terry Pratchett and Stephen Baxter published on 30 June 2016. It is the final installment in the award-winning five-book parallel-Earth series The Long Earth.

It is the fifth book in the series published posthumously from Terry Pratchett.

The Long Earth (series)
The Long Earth is a collaborative science fiction novel series by British authors Terry Pratchett and Stephen Baxter.

At the time of Pratchett's death (12 March 2015), three novels had been released, with a fourth published on 23 June 2015 and the fifth published on 30 June 2016.
Prayer wheel
A prayer wheel, or mani wheel, is a cylindrical wheel (Tibetan: འཁོར་ལོ།, Wylie: 'khor lo, Oirat: кюрдэ) for Buddhist recitation. The wheel is installed on a spindle made from metal, wood, stone, leather, or coarse cotton. Prayer wheels are common in Tibet and areas where Tibetan culture is predominant.

Traditionally, a mantra is written in Ranjana script or Tibetan script, on the outside of the wheel. The mantra Om mani padme hum is most commonly used, but other mantras can also be used.

Prayer wheels sometimes depict dakinis and the eight auspicious symbols (ashtamangala). At the core of the cylinder, as the axle of the wheel, is a "life tree" made of wood or metal with mantras written on or wrapped around it.

According to the Tibetan Buddhist and Bon tradition, spinning such a wheel will have much the same meritorious effect as orally reciting the prayers.

Ashtamangala
The Ashtamangala (Sanskrit: अष्टमङ्गल, romanized: Aṣṭamaṅgala) is the sacred set of Eight Auspicious Signs (Chinese: 八吉祥, bājíxiáng) featured in a number of Indian religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. The symbols or "symbolic attributes" (Tibetan: ཕྱག་མཚན་, THL: chaktsen) are yidam and teaching tools. Not only do these attributes (or energetic signatures) point to qualities of enlightened mindstream, but they are the investiture that ornaments these enlightened "qualities" (Sanskrit: guṇa; Tibetan: ཡོན་ཏན་, THL: yönten). Many cultural enumerations and variations of the Ashtamangala are extant.
Tickton
Tickton is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.
Tickton is approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) east from Beverley, lying to the south of the A1035 road. The village is about 1 mile (1.6 km) long and contains two churches, two pubs, a primary school and a village shop which also serves as a post office.

The civil parish consists of the villages of Tickton and Hull Bridge together with the hamlets of Eske and Weel. According to the 2011 UK census, Tickton parish had a population of 1,731, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 1,586.

The place-name 'Tickton' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Tichetone. The name means 'Tica's homestead or village'.

Weel
Weel is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Tickton, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the town of Beverley and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of the village of Tickton. It lies on the east bank of the River Hull. In 1931 the parish had a population of 114. The name Weel derives from the Old English wēl meaning 'deep water' or 'whirlpool'.

Telephone services are provided by KCOM and in 2013, a superfast fibre optic broadband service was made available.
National Movement for Development and Reform
National Movement for Development and Reform (Arabic: الحركة الوطنية للاصلاح والتنمية), more commonly known as Al-Hal or the Solution, is a political party in Iraq. The party is a Sunni-based party.

There are branches in the following governorates: Baghdad, Anbar, Salah ad Din, Diyala, Nineveh, Kirkuk, and Dhi Qar.

Jamal Al-Karboli is the Secretary-General.

In the 2009 Iraqi governorate elections, it won 3 seats in Al Anbar. In the 2010 Iraqi parliamentary election, it joined the Iraqiyya coalition and was allocated 13 of their 91 seats.

Iraqi National Movement
The Iraqi National Movement (INM) (Arabic: الحركة الوطنية العراقية al-Ḥaraka al-Waṭaniya al-Iraqiyya), more commonly known as the al-Iraqiya List, was an Iraqi political coalition formed to contest the 2010 parliamentary election by Iraqi Vice President Tariq al-Hashimi's Renewal List, the Iraqi National Accord led by former Prime Minister Iyad Allawi and the Iraqi National Dialogue Front led by Saleh al-Mutlaq. The party included both Shi'a leaders (such as Allawi) and Sunni leaders (such as al-Mutlaq and al-Hashimi) and claimed to be secular and non-sectarian.

With 2,849,612 votes (24.7%) and 91 seats the Iraqiya List became the biggest list in the elections, winning two seats more than Nouri al-Maliki's State of Law Coalition, which won 89 seats and 2,792,083 votes (24.2%).
ISO 639:s
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with S.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:q
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with Q.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
Jean Painlevé
Jean Painlevé (20 November 1902 – 2 July 1989) was a French photographer and filmmaker who specialized in underwater fauna. He was the son of mathematician and twice prime minister of France Paul Painlevé.

Paul Painlevé
Paul Painlevé (French: [pɔl pɛ̃ləve]; 5 December 1863 – 29 October 1933) was a French mathematician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of the French Third Republic in 1917 and 1925. After working as a professor at the Sorbonne University, he entered politics in 1906.

His first term as prime minister lasted only nine weeks but dealt with weighty issues, such as the Russian Revolution, the American entry into World War I, the failure of the Nivelle Offensive, quelling the French Army Mutinies and relations with the British. In the 1920s as Minister of War he was a key figure in building the Maginot Line.  In his second term as prime minister he dealt with the outbreak of rebellion in Syria's Jabal Druze in July 1925 which had excited public and parliamentary anxiety over the general crisis of France's empire.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Marshall County, South Dakota
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Marshall County, South Dakota.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Marshall County, South Dakota, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Marshall County, South Dakota
Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,306. Its county seat is Britton. The county was created on May 2, 1885, and was named for Marshall Vincent, who homesteaded near Andover, South Dakota.