hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madera AVA
Madera is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Central California expanding across Madera and a portion of Fresno counties. It was established on December 7, 1984, by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Mr. David B. Ficklin. President of Ficklin Vineyards, proposing a viticultural area between the Chowchilla and San Joaquin Rivers named "Madera." The area encompasses 230,000 acres (359 sq mi) cultivating about 31,179 acres (12,618 ha) of grapes.

Madera County, California
Madera County (/məˈdɛərə/ ⓘ; Madera, Spanish for "Wood"), officially the County of Madera, is a county located at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California. It features a varied landscape, encompassing the eastern San Joaquin Valley and the central Sierra Nevada, with Madera serving as the county seat. Established in 1893 from part of Fresno County, Madera County reported a population of 156,255 in the 2020 census.

The name Madera is Spanish for "wood," a reference to the county’s early lumber industry. Portions of Yosemite National Park lie within the county, and tourism, along with agriculture—particularly almonds, grapes, and pistachios—form major parts of the local economy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the county’s median household income is below the state average, and its poverty rate is higher than the California average.
Bouleutic oath
The bouleutic oath was an oath sworn by the new councillors of the Boule. The oath was sworn after the councillors had passed their dokimasia (investigation) by the out-going Boule. According to Aristotle, the oath was introduced to Athens in 501/0 BC, during the archonship of Hermocreon.

Boule (ancient Greece)
In cities of ancient Greece, the boule (Ancient Greek: βουλή; pl.: boulai, βουλαί) was a council (βουλευταί, bouleutai) appointed to run daily affairs of the city. Originally a council of nobles advising a king, boulai evolved according to the constitution of the city: In oligarchies boule positions might have been hereditary, while in democracies members were typically chosen by lot and served for one year. Little is known about the workings of many boulai, except in the case of Athens, for which extensive material has survived.
2014 Clacton by-election
On 9 October 2014, a by-election was held for the UK parliamentary constituency of Clacton in Essex, England. The by-election was triggered by the Conservative MP for Clacton, Douglas Carswell, defecting to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and subsequently resigning his seat to seek re-election as its candidate.

Standing for UKIP, Carswell retained the seat with 59.7% of the vote, becoming UKIP's first elected MP. The Conservatives came second, and Labour third.  According to John Curtice, professor of politics at Strathclyde University, the result was the biggest increase in the share of a vote for any party in any by-election in history.

Clacton (UK Parliament constituency)
Clacton is a constituency in Essex represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Nigel Farage, the leader of Reform UK. It is centred on and named after the seaside town of Clacton-on-Sea.
Gornje Ledenice
Gornje Ledenice  (Cyrillic: Горње Леденице) is a village in the municipalities of Pelagićevo (Republika Srpska) and Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1993, it was an object of the Ledenice offensive.

Gradačac
Gradačac (pronounced [gradǎt͡ʃat͡s]) is a city located in the Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, roughly 40 km (25 mi) south of the Sava river. As of 2013, it has a population of 39,340 inhabitants. The city is well known for its castle.
Jauja
Jauja (Shawsha Wanka Quechua: Sausa, Shawsha or Shausha, formerly in Spanish Xauxa, with pronunciation of "x" as "sh") is a city and capital of Jauja Province in Peru. It is situated in the fertile Mantaro Valley, 45 kilometres (28 mi) to the northwest of Huancayo (the capital of Junín Region), at an altitude of 3,400 metres (11,200 ft). Its population in 2015 was 15,432  .

Jauja, which flourished for a short time, was once the capital of Spanish Peru, prior to the founding of Lima as the new capital. Its name is referenced in the popular Spanish expression país de Jauja, which literally means "country of Jauja", but is used figuratively to mean a "never never land" or a "land of milk and honey". The town, with a laid back ambiance and salubrious climate, has narrow streets with houses painted blue. Laguna de Paca lake is close to the city.

Quizquiz
Quizquiz or Quisquis was, along with Chalcuchimac and Rumiñawi, one of Inca emperor Atahualpa's leading generals. In April 1532, he and his companions led the armies of Atahualpa to victory in the battles of Mullihambato, Chimborazo and Quipaipan, where, along with Chalkuchimac, they defeated and captured Huáscar and promptly killed his family, seizing the capital, Cuzco. Quizquiz later commanded Atahualpa's troops in the battles of Vilcaconga, Cuzco (both 1533) and Maraycalla (1534), ultimately being bested by the Spanish forces in both accounts.

After the ensuing battles, Quizquiz fled further into the safety of the Andean mountains, but his forces soon demanded that he accept the Spanish demands, and, it being planting season, that they be able to return to their families. Quizquiz refused, and his war-weary troops eventually killed him in 1535.
1969 Italian Grand Prix
The 1969 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza on 7 September 1969. It was race 8 of 11 in both the 1969 World Championship of Drivers and the 1969 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was notable in that less than a fifth of a second separated the winner from the fourth-placed driver, and is one of the closest 1–2–3–4 finishes in Formula One history. Jackie Stewart and Matra-Ford claimed the Drivers' and Manufacturers' titles respectively, with three races still remaining.

1969 Formula One season
The 1969 Formula One season was the 23rd season of the FIA's Formula One motor racing. It featured the 20th World Championship of Drivers, the 12th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers and four non-championship races open to Formula One cars. The World Championship was contested over eleven races between 1 March and 19 October 1969.

British driver Jackie Stewart, driving a Matra-Ford Cosworth, won more than half of the races and claimed his first Drivers' Championship. The Matra works team did not compete in this season, but the privateer Matra International team, led by Ken Tyrrell, helped Matra win the Manufacturers' Cup. Both titles were the first titles won by a French constructor, and still remain the only titles won by a car built in France as well as by a car entered by a privateer team.
Settlement of Laois and Offaly Act 1556
The Settlement of Laois and Offaly Act 1556 (3 & 4 Phil. & Mar. c. 2 (I)) was an act of the Parliament of Ireland passed in 1556 which resulted in the creation of Queen's County and King's County in the midlands of Ireland, and the establishment of two shire towns at Maryborough (Portlaoise) and Philipstown (Daingean), named in honour of Queen Mary I and King Phillip II. The act was the first Tudor attempt at plantation in Ireland and was designed to formally open up the area to English settlement.

The act displaced the ruling O'More (or Moore) clan of Loígis and the O'Connor rulers of the Kingdom of Uí Failghe by declaring their lands to be the legal possession of the English monarch. In 1922, Queen's County was renamed Laois and King's County was renamed Offaly. The act was repealed by the Oireachtas in 1962.

County Laois
County Laois (/liːʃ/ LEESH; Irish: Contae Laoise) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and in the province of Leinster. It was known as Queen's County from 1556 to 1922. The modern county takes its name from Loígis, a medieval kingdom. Historically, it has also been known as County Leix.

Laois County Council is the local authority for the county, and is based in Portlaoise.

At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 91,657, an increase of 56% since the 2002 census.
Tenants union
A tenants union, also known as a renters' union or a tenants association, is a group of tenants that collectively organize to improve the conditions of their housing and mutually educate about their rights as renters. Groups may also lobby local officials to change housing policies or address homelessness.

Rent strike
A rent strike, sometimes known as a tenants strike or a renters strike, is a method of protest commonly employed against large landlords. In a rent strike, a group of tenants agree to collectively withhold paying some or all of their rent to their landlords en masse until demands are met. This can be a useful tactic of final resort for use against intransigent landlords, but can carry risks for the tenants, such as eviction, lowered credit scores, and legal consequences.

Historically, rent strikes have often been used in response to various hardships faced by tenants, however, there have been situations where wider societal issues have led to such action.
Simone Giannelli
Simone Giannelli (born 9 August 1996) is an Italian volleyball player and captain of both the Italy men's national volleyball team and the Italian club Sir Safety Perugia. He is silver medalist of the 2016 Summer Olympics, back-to-back gold medalist of the FIVB Volleyball Men’s World Championship in 2022 and 2025, gold medalist of the 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship, silver medalist of the 2015 World Cup and of the 2025 FIVB Men’s Volleyball Nations league.

2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
The 2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship was the 17th edition of the competition. It was held in Betim, Brazil. It was the seventh time as well as the third consecutive times Betim was selected as the host city. The tournament was held from 7 to 11 December 2022. It was Volei Renata's first appearance at the Club World Championship.

Sir Safety Susa Perugia won their title for the first time on their first participation of the tournament. Simone Giannelli was chosen as MVP of this tournament.
Operation Castor
Operation Castor was a successful airborne operation for French Union forces in the First Indochina War. This operation of France and the State of Vietnam established a fortified airhead in Điện Biên Province against the communist Việt Minh, in the north-west corner of Vietnam and was commanded by Brigadier General Jean Gilles. The Operation began at 10:35 on 20 November 1953, with reinforcements dropped over the following two days. With all its objectives achieved, the operation ended on 22 November. Castor was the largest airborne operation since World War II.

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment
The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment (French: 35e Régiment d'Artillerie Parachutiste, 35e RAP) is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.
Nicolas Kazadi
Nicolas Kazadi (born 7 January 1966) is a Congolese politician and career diplomat who has been Ambassador-at-large for the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 7 March 2019 and Minister of Finance since 12 April 2021.

He is a member of the presidential party Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), the oldest and largest opposition party since President Mobutu cancelled the multi-party system upon his rise to power in 1965.

Minister of Finance (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
The Ministry of Finance of the Democratic Republic of the Congo oversees the implementation of national financial policy. Doudou Roussel Fwamba Likunde Li-Botayi has been the head of the ministry since 2025.
Shelbyville Queen Citys
The Shelbyville Queen Citys were a minor league baseball team based in Shelbyville, Illinois. In 1907 and 1908, the Shelbyville Queen Citys played exclusively as members of the Class D level Eastern Illinois League and hosted home games at Forest Park.

Charleston, Illinois, minor league baseball history
Minor league baseball teams were based in Charleston, Illinois from 1906 to 1908, known under a different nickname each season. Charleston teams played as members of the Class D level 1906 Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League and the Eastern Illinois League in 1907 and 1908. Charleston hosted minor league home games at Urban Park Field.
Sugar (South Korean group)
Sugar (Hangul: 슈가, Japanese: シュガー) was a South Korean girl group formed by Starworld in 2001. The group's final lineup was composed of Ahyoomee, Hye Seung and Lee Ha-rin.

During their career, the group saw moderate success in the Korean music market and released multiple songs in Japan. Sugar's Japanese singles "Take It Shake It" and "Real Identity" were notably the theme songs for Kaleido Star.

The group officially disbanded after their contract with Starworld expired in December 2006, while only Ahyoomee maintained her career with Starworld until 2007 before transferring to the Starworld's affiliated label SM Entertainment.

Park Soo-jin
Park Soo-jin (Korean: 박수진; born November 27, 1985) is a South Korean actress, singer and model. She was a member of K-pop girl group Sugar from 2001 to 2006, then she transitioned to acting in 2007. Park has also hosted Tasty Road from 2010 to 2016, a cable show that features trendy restaurants in Seoul.
Listed buildings in Menston
Menston is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.  It contains 15 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Menston and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings consist of houses, a farmhouse and farm buildings, and a public house with an attached outbuilding.

Menston
Menston is a village and civil parish in the county of West Yorkshire, England. The civil parish is within Wharfedale Ward in the metropolitan borough of Bradford, along with Burley in Wharfedale. A small part of Menston, south of the village, is outside the civil parish in the Guiseley and Rawdon ward of the City of Leeds. At the 2011 census the parish had a population of 4,498 (down from 4,660 in 2001). The village is home to St Mary's Menston Catholic Voluntary Academy, a secondary school with academy status in the part of Menston included in the City of Leeds. Menston is situated near the towns of Guiseley and Otley, with which it shares strong transport and community links. The name Menston derives from the Old English Mensaingtūn meaning 'settlement connected with Mensa'.
Kut-e Abdollah Rural District
Kut-e Abdollah Rural District (Persian: دهستان كوت عبدالله) is in the Central District of Karun County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mozaffariyeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Bahar, and prior to that, the village of Kut-e Abdollah, now a city.

Bahar, Khuzestan
Bahar (Persian: بهر) is a village in, and the capital of, Muran Rural District of Soveyseh District, Karun County, Khuzestan province, Iran. It was the capital of Kut-e Abdollah Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Mozaffariyeh.
Bananagrams
Bananagrams is a word game invented by Abraham Nathanson and Rena Nathanson of Cranston, Rhode Island, wherein lettered tiles are used to spell words.

Nathanson conceived and developed the idea for the game with the help of his family. The name is derived from his claim that it's the "anagram game that will drive you bananas!" Beginning as a family innovation, Bananagrams was made available to the public in January 2006 at the London Toy Fair. The game is similar to the older Scrabble variant Take Two.

Gameplay involves players arranging letter tiles into a grid of connected words. Two to eight players can participate, but the game can also be played solo. The object of the game is to be the first to complete a word grid after the pool of tiles has been exhausted. The tiles come in a fabric banana-shaped package.

Word game
Word games are spoken, board, card or video games often designed to test ability with language or to explore its properties.

Word games are generally used as a source of entertainment, but can additionally serve an educational purpose. Young children may enjoy playing games such as Mad Libs Junior, while developing spelling and writing skills. Researchers have found that adults who regularly solved crossword puzzles, which require familiarity with a larger vocabulary, had better brain function later in life.

Popular word-based game shows have been a part of television and radio throughout broadcast history, including Spelling Bee, the first televised game show, and Wheel of Fortune, the longest-running syndicated game show in the United States.
David Shannon
David Shannon (born October 5, 1959) is an American writer and illustrator of children's books. Shannon grew up in Spokane, Washington. He graduated from the Art Center College of Design and now resides in Los Angeles. In 1998, he received the Caldecott Honor for his book No, David!. He has also written A Bad Case of Stripes, How Georgie Radbourn Saved Baseball, and The Amazing Christmas Extravaganza. Shannon illustrated Audrey Wood's The Bunyans, Rafe Martin's The Rough Face Girl, various books by Jane Yolen, including The Ballad of the Pirate Queens and Encounter, as well as Melinda Long's How I Became a Pirate and Pirates Don't Change Diapers.

Audrey Wood
Audrey Wood (born August 12, 1948) is an American children's author.  She is known as the author of The Napping House, which, as of 2015, has sold over 2.1 million copies worldwide. Wood resides in Santa Barbara, California.
Ainola railway station
Ainola railway station (Finnish: Ainolan rautatieasema, Swedish: Ainola järnvägsstation), formerly Kyrölä railway station, is a Helsinki commuter rail station in the town of Järvenpää, Finland. The station is served by Helsinki commuter rail R and T line trains.

The station was renamed Ainola on 1 June 2015 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the composer Jean Sibelius. Ainola was his and his wife Aino's home. The walk from the station to Ainola takes around 20 minutes. In 2025 the station was rebuilt completely as the rail section Kytömaa-Ainola has 2 new tracks being built to help InterCity trains not be stuck behind commuter rail trains/freight/ECS

Järvenpää
Järvenpää (Finnish: [ˈjærʋemˌpæː]; Swedish: Träskända, Finland Swedish: [ˈtreskenˌda]; lit. 'lake's end')  is a town in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country. Järvenpää is situated in the centre of the Uusimaa region in the immediate vicinity of Lake Tuusula. The population of Järvenpää is approximately 47,000. It is the 24th most populous municipality in Finland. Järvenpää is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

Järvenpää is located on the Helsinki-Riihimäki railway line in the Uusimaa region, about 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of Helsinki. Neighbouring municipalities are Tuusula, Sipoo and Mäntsälä. People also refer to Kerava as Järvenpää's neighbour, although technically they do not share a border due to the one kilometre-wide strip of land that belongs to Tuusula.
Austria men's national under-18 basketball team
The Austria men's national under-18 basketball team is a national basketball team of Austria, administered by the Austrian Basketball Federation. It represents the country in international under-18 men's basketball competitions.

Basketball Austria
Basketball Austria (German: Basketball Österreich) is the governing body of basketball in Austria. It joined FIBA in 1934, and is headquartered in Vienna.

The Austrian Basketball Federation operates the Austria men's national team and Austria women's national team. They organise national competitions in Austria, for both the men's and women's senior teams and also the youth national basketball teams.

The top professional league in Austria is the Austrian Basketball Superliga.

The federation used to be named Austrian Basketball Federation or Österreichischer Basketballverband (ÖBV).
Congregation of St. Basil
The Congregation of St. Basil (Latin: Congregatio a Sancto Basilio, abbreviation CSB), also called the Basilians, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men, with priests, seminarians and lay associates. It is an apostolic community whose members profess simple vows. The Basilians work in education and evangelization. The congregation was founded in 1822 in the aftermath of the French Revolution. In the early 19th century, the Basilians' educational and pastoral work brought them to a variety of locations in Canada and the United States. In the 1960s, the priests began to minister in Mexico, and in Colombia in the 1980s.

St. Thomas University (Canada)
St. Thomas University (also St. Thomas or STU) is a  Catholic, English-language liberal arts university located in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It is a primarily undergraduate university, offering bachelor degrees to approximately 1,700 students. St. Thomas is also home of the Frank McKenna Centre for Communications and Public Policy.
Paron School District
Paron School District No. 2 was a school district headquartered in Paron, an unincorporated area in Saline County, Arkansas, United States.

It operated Paron Elementary School (K-6) and Paron High School (7-12).

On July 1, 2004, it merged into the Bryant School District. This merger occurred due to a state law which required a school district with fewer than 350 students to merge with another school district. At the time the district's fund balance was decreasing in size, and the state was about to rule the district as being in financial distress.

Bryant Public Schools
Bryant Public Schools (or Bryant Public School District) is a public school district based in Bryant, Arkansas, United States. Since the 2010–11 school year, the school district provides early childhood, elementary and secondary education to more than 8,000 students in prekindergarten through grade 12 and employs more than 875 educators and staff at its schools and district offices. BPS encompasses 342.19 square miles (886.3 km2) of land in Saline County.

It supports all portions of Bryant, Alexander, Avilla, Bauxite, Benton, Salem CDP, Shannon Hills, and Paron.
Oxidizing and reducing flames
A flame is affected by the fuel introduced and the oxygen available. A flame with a balanced oxygen-fuel ratio is called a neutral flame. The color of a neutral flame is semi-transparent purple or blue.  This flame is optimal for many uses because it does not oxidize or deposit soot onto surfaces.

Flame
A flame (from Latin  flamma) is the visible, gaseous part of a fire. It is caused by a highly exothermic chemical reaction made in a thin zone. When flames are hot enough to have ionized gaseous components of sufficient density, they are then considered plasma.
Alice Independent School District
Alice Independent School District is a public school district based in Alice, Texas, United States. In addition to Alice, the district also serves the communities of Alice Acres, Amargosa, Coyote Acres, Owl Ranch, Rancho Alegre, and portions of Loma Linda East and Ben Bolt.

Alice, Texas
Alice is a city in and the county seat of Jim Wells County, Texas, United States, in the South Texas region of the state. As of the 2020 census, Alice had a population of 17,891. Alice was established in 1888. The city was originally named "Bandana", then "Kleberg", and finally "Alice" after Alice Gertrudis King Kleberg, the daughter of Richard King, who established the King Ranch.