hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument preserves the site of the June 25 and 26, 1876, Battle of the Little Bighorn, near Crow Agency, Montana, in the United States. It also serves as a memorial to those who fought in the battle: George Armstrong Custer's 7th Cavalry and a combined Lakota-Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho force. Custer National Cemetery, on the battlefield, is part of the national monument. The site of the connected military action led by Marcus Reno and Frederick Benteen is also part of the National Monument, but is about 3 miles (4.83 km) southeast of the main site.

As part of a series of censorship actions at several National Park Service sites, in February 2026 the Trump Administration removed signage that described the background of the Battle of Little Bighorn and Native American boarding schools. Changes were opposed by the Northern Cheyenne Tribal Council.

Marcus Reno
Colonel Marcus Albert Reno (November 15, 1834 – March 30, 1889) was a United States Army officer. He served in the American Civil War where he was a combatant in major battles, and later under George Armstrong Custer in the Great Sioux War against the Lakota (Sioux) and Northern Cheyenne.

Reno played a prominent role in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, where he did not support Custer's battlefield position, remaining instead in a defensive formation with his troops about 4 miles (6.4 km) away. There has been longstanding controversy over his command decisions in the course of one of the most infamous defeats in U.S. military history.
Peter Debye
Peter Joseph William Debye ForMemRS (/dɪˈbaɪ/ dib-EYE; born Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije, Dutch: [ˈpeːtrʏz dəˈbɛiə]; March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch-American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.

Kaiser Wilhelm Society
The Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science (German: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften) was a German scientific institution established in the German Empire in 1911. Its functions were taken over by the Max Planck Society. The Kaiser Wilhelm Society was an umbrella organisation for many institutes, testing stations, and research units created under its authority.
Avenue (group)
Avenue were an English boy band. They participated in the third series of The X Factor in 2006 and initially made it to the top 12, but were banned from participation for having been specifically formed for the competition and having professional representation. They continued to proclaim their innocence.

After leaving The X Factor, they stayed together and had brief success with the single "Last Goodbye", which reached the UK top 50 and topped the Scottish Singles Chart. After the split, Max George went on to become a member of the British-Irish boyband The Wanted, releasing a number of top 5 hits, two official UK number ones, and three top 10 albums. Jamie Tinkler left to form the indie band Baxter, and his replacement in Avenue, Andy Brown, went on to be the lead singer of Lawson, who have released five top 10 singles.

Jamie Tinkler
Jamie Tinkler is an English singer and songwriter. He has had record deals with Jive, Sony/BMG along with Universal Records. Jamie was a contestant on the Eurovision Song for Europe contest, performing live on BBC, and made it to the final 50 of Pop Idol 2003. He had three top 20 UK chart hits with girl/boy band Pop! and was an X Factor finalist with boyband Avenue in 2006.
Trent, Texas
Trent is a town in Taylor County, Texas, United States, that was established in 1881. The population was 295 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Abilene, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Trent, Texas was named in honor of West Texas pioneer and cattleman, Isaac Riley Trent.

Taylor County, Texas
Taylor County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 143,208. Its county seat is Abilene. The county was created in 1858 and later organized in 1878. It is named for Edward Taylor, George Taylor, and James Taylor, three brothers who died at the Battle of the Alamo.

Taylor County is included in the Abilene, TX metropolitan statistical area, and is considered part of West Texas.
Jasper Sitwell
Jasper Sitwell is a fictional character, an espionage agent appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

The character was portrayed by Maximiliano Hernández in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

S.H.I.E.L.D.
S.H.I.E.L.D. is a fictional espionage, special law enforcement, and counter-terrorism government agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, this agency first appeared in Strange Tales #135 (August 1965), and often deals with paranormal activity and superhuman threats to international security.

The acronym originally stood for Supreme Headquarters, International Espionage and Law-Enforcement Division. It was changed in 1991 to Strategic Hazard Intervention Espionage Logistics Directorate. Within media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, as well as multiple animated and live-action television series, the backronym stands for Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division.

The organization has heavily appeared in media adaptations as well as films and shows that take place in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Tremona
Tremona was a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 5 April 2009  the municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Mendrisio, Rancate and Tremona merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

Mendrisio District
The Mendrisio District (Italian: Distretto di Mendrisio, also called Mendrisiotto) is the southernmost district of canton of Ticino and of Switzerland. To its north lies the Lugano District. It is surrounded on the other three sides by Italy: to the east and south by the province of Como, and to the west by the province of Varese. It has a population of 49,969 (as of 31 December 2020).
Grin (Coroner album)
Grin is the fifth studio album by the Swiss thrash metal band Coroner, released in 1993. It was the band's final album before their fourteen-year break up from 1996 to 2010, and other than several new tracks on the 1995 compilation album Coroner, Grin was the last studio album by the band until the 2025 release of Dissonance Theory. It is also the last Coroner album to feature drummer Marky Edelmann, who left the band in 2014.

Dissonance Theory (album)
Dissonance Theory is the sixth studio album by the Swiss thrash metal band Coroner, released on 17 October 2025 through Century Media Records. It is the band's first studio album since Grin (1993), and their first release with drummer Diego Rappachietti, who replaced original drummer Marky Edelmann in 2014.
Zydrunas Ilgauskas
Zydrunas Ilgauskas (Lithuanian: Žydrūnas Ilgauskas; Lithuanian pronunciation: [ʑiːˈdrûːnɐs ɪɫˈɡɐ̂ˑʊ̯skɐs] ⓘ; born June 5, 1975) is a Lithuanian-born American former professional basketball player who played the center position. The 7 ft 3 in (2.21 m) Ilgauskas played for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association from 1997 to 2010 and played for the Miami Heat during the 2010–11 season. He was named to the 1997–98 All-Rookie First Team and is a two-time NBA All-Star.

Ilgauskas played in the 2007 NBA Finals as a member of the Cavaliers. He is known for his accurate jump shot, for his rebounding, and for overcoming difficult injury challenges during his career. Nicknamed Big Z, Ilgauskas is the Cavaliers' career leader in blocked shots; his jersey no. 11 has been retired by the team. In 2012, Ilgauskas joined the Cavaliers' front office, becoming a special advisor to the organization.

Drew Gooden (basketball)
Andrew Melvin Gooden III (born September 24, 1981) is an American former professional basketball player who is currently a broadcaster for Monumental Sports Network. The power forward played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Gooden played college basketball for the Kansas Jayhawks, where he was a consensus first-team All-American in 2002. He earned NBA All-Rookie First Team honors with the Memphis Grizzlies after they selected him in the first round of the 2002 NBA draft with the fourth overall pick.
Regentog
Regentog (Persian: رگنتگ) is a village in, and the capital of, Birk Rural District of Birk District, Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Chahuk.

Chahuk, Mehrestan
Chahuk (Persian: چاهوک is a village in Birk-e Sharqi Rural District of Birk District, Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district. It was the capital of Birk Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Regentog.
Black–Derman–Toy model
In mathematical finance, the Black–Derman–Toy model (BDT) is a popular short-rate model used in the pricing of bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives; see Lattice model (finance) § Interest rate derivatives. It is a one-factor model; that is, a single stochastic factor—the short rate—determines the future evolution of all interest rates. It was the first model to combine the mean-reverting behaviour of the short rate with the log-normal distribution, and is still widely used.

Short-rate model
A short-rate model, in the context of interest rate derivatives, is a mathematical model that describes the future evolution of interest rates by describing the future evolution of the short rate, usually written .
1940 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 1940 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1940, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Democrat John E. Miles won reelection to a second term. Former governor Clyde Tingley unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination. This was the first gubernatorial election since 1924 in which Bernalillo County backed the losing candidate. This was the last election until 2006 in which Lincoln County backed a Democrat and San Juan County did not vote Democratic again until 1962.

2006 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 2006 New Mexico gubernatorial election was a race for the governor of New Mexico held on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Democratic Governor Bill Richardson was running for re-election. He faced Republican John Dendahl in the general election and won by a landslide. As of 2025, this was the last time a male candidate was elected Governor of New Mexico.

The scale of Richardson's lopsided victory was nearly unprecedented in the traditionally competitive state. Richardson's 68.82% share of the vote is the highest achieved by any gubernatorial candidate in the state by a wide margin, beating the previous record of 60.21% set in 1964. Richardson came within six votes of sweeping every county the state, a feat that has never been achieved in any gubernatorial (or presidential) election in the state.
2020–21 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team
The 2020–21 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team represented the University of Illinois in the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by fourth-year head coach Brad Underwood, the Illini played their home games at the State Farm Center in Champaign, Illinois as members of the Big Ten Conference.  They finished the season 24–7, 16–4 in Big Ten play to finish in second place. They defeated Rutgers, Iowa, and Ohio State to win the Big Ten tournament and receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Making their first tournament appearance since 2013. They entered as the No. 1 seed in the Midwest region, they defeated Drexel in the First Round before being upset by No. 8-seeded Loyola–Chicago in the Second Round.

2020–21 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team
The 2020–21 Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ramblers, led by 10th-year head coach Porter Moser, played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena in Chicago, Illinois as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 26–5, 16–2 in MVC play to win the regular season championship. They defeated Southern Illinois, Illinois State, and Drake to win the MVC tournament championship. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as a No. 8 seed in the Midwest region. There they defeated No. 9-seeded Georgia Tech and upset No. 1-seeded Illinois to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. In the Sweet Sixteen, they lost to Oregon State.

On April 3, 2021, Moser left Loyola to accept the head coaching position at Oklahoma. A few days later, the school announced that assistant coach Drew Valentine would take over as the Ramblers' head coach.
Toby Love
Toby Love (born Octavio Rivera; March 20, 1985) is an American singer. Based on The Bronx, New York, he is best known for being a former member of Aventura before pursuing a solo career, mostly known for their 2002 album We Broke the Rules, later performing a style of bachata music that combines traditional and urban singing and production. In 2006, he embarked on a solo career, thus gaining success. His debut single, "Tengo Un Amor", helped him rise to fame in mainstream Latin music. Since then, he became one of the most successful bachata artists of the 2000s and 2010s with hits like "Llorar Lloviendo", "Te Parece Poco", "Lejos", "Vestida De Blanco", among others.

2007 Latin Billboard Music Awards
The Billboard Latin Music Awards grew out of the Billboard Music Awards program from Billboard Magazine, an industry publication charting the sales and radio airplay success of musical recordings. Originally launched as the Billboard Latin Music Conference in 1990, the first awards began in 1994. In addition to awards given on the basis of success on the Billboard charts, the ceremony includes the Spirit of Hope award for humanitarian achievements and the Lifetime Achievement award, as well as awards by the broadcasting partner.

Since 1999, the awards ceremony has been broadcast on the television network Telemundo, where it became the network's highest-rated music special. The broadcast not only extends throughout the Americas and Puerto Rico, but also to such countries as Romania.
Bamileke languages
The Bamileke languages (Bamileke languages: Bamiléké) are a group of Eastern Grassfields languages spoken by the Bamileke people in the Western High Plateau of Cameroon.

The languages, which might constitute two branches of Eastern Grassfields, are:

Western Bamileke: Mengaka (Məgaka), Ngombale, Ngomba (Nguemba or Ngemba), the "Bamboutos" dialect cluster of Yɛmba, Ngyɛmbɔɔŋ, Mmuock and Ŋwe

Eastern Bamileke: Feʼfeʼ, Ghɔmáláʼ, Kwaʼ, Ndaʼndaʼ, Mədʉmba.

Bamileke people
The Bamiléké people are an ethnic group of Central Africa that inhabits the Western High Plateau colloquially known as the grassfields of Cameroon. According to Dr John Feyou de Hapy, Bamiléké means "people of faith".
Extrachromosomal rDNA circle
Extrachromosomal rDNA circles (aka ERC) are pieces of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) derived from ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Initially found in baker's yeast, these self-replicating circles are suggested to contribute to their aging and found in their aged cells. Like ordinary eccDNA, they are created by intra-molecular homologous recombination of the chromosome. The process for intra-molecular homologous recombination is independent of chromosomal replication. The de novo generated circles had exact multiples of tandem copies of 2-kb fragments from cosmid templates. The tandem organization is essential to circle formation. Looping out of organized ribosomal genes in intergenic nontranscribed spacers yielded either large or small repeat circles dependent on large or short repeats of the spacer.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo Hotta. In contrast to previously identified circular DNA structures (e.g., bacterial plasmids, mitochondrial DNA, circular bacterial chromosomes, or chloroplast DNA), eccDNA are circular DNA found in the eukaryotic nuclei of plant and animal (including human) cells. Extrachromosomal circular DNA is derived from chromosomal DNA, can range in size from 50 base pairs to several mega-base pairs in length, and can encode regulatory elements and full-length genes. eccDNA has been observed in various eukaryotic species and it is proposed to be a byproduct of programmed DNA recombination events, such as V(D)J recombination.
Teredidae
Teredidae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Coccinelloidea, formerly included within the family Bothrideridae. There are around 160 species in 10 genera, found worldwide except South America. Teredids are generally found under bark, in the galleries of wood-boring beetles, or in leaf litter. They are thought to be fungivores. The oldest records of the family are Delteredolaemus from mid-Cretaceous aged Burmese amber from Myanmar and a species of Teredolaemus from Eocene aged Baltic amber.

Coccinelloidea
Coccinelloidea is a superfamily of beetles in the order Coleoptera, formerly included in the superfamily Cucujoidea. There are more than 10,000 species in Coccinelloidea, including more than 6000 in the lady beetle family Coccinellidae.
Brian Doherty (politician)
Brian G. Doherty (born October 25, 1957) was the alderman of the 41st Ward (map) of the City of Chicago from 1991 to 2011. First elected to the Chicago City Council in 1991 when he defeated longtime incumbent Roman Pucinski, Doherty represented portions of the city's Northwest Side, including O'Hare International Airport. In 2010, Doherty won the Republican nomination for Illinois State Senate District 10 to replace retiring Senator James DeLeo (D-Chicago), but he lost the general election to John Mulroe. Doherty did not seek re-election after his defeat in the Senate contest and left office in 2011.

Roman Pucinski
Roman Conrad Pucinski (May 13, 1919 – September 25, 2002) was an American Democratic politician from Chicago, Illinois. He was a U.S. representative from 1959 to 1973 and alderman from the 41st Ward of Chicago from 1973 to 1991. He was considered a longtime leader of Chicago Polonia and was seen to represent its interests in Washington.
Bituminous waterproofing
Bituminous waterproofing systems are designed to protect residential and commercial buildings. Bitumen (asphalt or coal-tar pitch) is a material made up of organic liquids that are highly sticky, viscous, and waterproof. Systems incorporating bituminous-based substrates are sometimes used to construct roofs, in the form of "roofing felt" or "roll roofing" products.

Felt
Felt is a textile that is produced by matting, condensing, and pressing fibers together. Felt can be made of natural fibers such as wool or animal fur, or from synthetic fibers such as petroleum-based acrylic or acrylonitrile or wood pulp–based rayon. Blended fibers are also common. Natural fiber felt has special properties that allow it to be used for a wide variety of purposes. It is "fire-retardant and self-extinguishing; it dampens vibration and absorbs sound; and it can hold large amounts of fluid without feeling wet...": 10
Nanumba South District
Nanumba South District is one of the sixteen districts in Northern Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Nanumba District in 1988, until the southern part of the district was split to off to create Nanumba South District on 27 August 2004; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Nanumba North District (which it was later elevated to municipal district assembly status to become Nanumba North Municipal District on 15 March 2018). The district assembly is located in the eastern part of Eastern Region and has Wulensi as its capital town.

Nanumba District
Nanumba District is a former district that was located in Northern Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988. However on 27 August 2004, it was split off into two new districts: Nanumba North District (which it was elevated to municipal district assembly status on 15 March 2018; capital: Bimbilla) and Nanumba South District (capital: Wulensi). The district assembly was located in the southern part of Northern Region and had Bimbilla as its capital town.
Ekenäs Church
Ekenäs Church (Swedish: Ekenäs kyrka, Finnish: Tammisaaren kirkko) is a 17th-century neoclassical stone church located in Ekenäs in the Finnish town of Raseborg. Construction began in 1651 and continued into the 1670s. The initiative to build a stone church in Ekenäs came from earl Gustaf Adolf Leijonhufvud but the designer of the original Baroque church is unknown.

Ekenäs Church was ravaged by fire in 1821 and renovated by architect Charles Bassi between 1839 and 1842. The appearance of the church we see nowadays is designed by Bassi. There are seats for 560 people in Ekenäs Church.

Ekenäs Church is used by the Swedish-speaking parish of Ekenäs (Ekenäsnejdens svenska församling) which is part of Diocese of Borgå in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.

Ekenäs, Finland
Ekenäs (Finland Swedish: [ˈeːkeneːs] ⓘ; Finnish: Tammisaari [ˈtɑmːisɑːri]) is a town and former municipality in Finland that comprised the former municipalities of Snappertuna and Tenala together with the town of Ekenäs. It was merged with Pohja and Karis to form the new municipality of Raseborg on January 1, 2009. Ekenäs is in the province of Southern Finland, and is part of the Uusimaa (Swedish: Nyland) region. The town had a population of 14,754 (as of 31 December 2008) and covered a land area of 726.73 square kilometres (280.59 sq mi). The population density was 20.30 inhabitants per square kilometre (52.6/sq mi). The town is bilingual, with the majority being Swedish speakers (81%), and the minority Finnish speakers (17%).
Inniswold, Louisiana
Inniswold is a neighborhood of St. George and former census designated place in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 6,180 at the 2010 census, up from 4,944 in 2000. In 2020, its population was 5,987. It is part of the Baton Rouge metropolitan statistical area.

It is in the newly incorporated City of St. George.

East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
East Baton Rouge Parish (French: Paroisse de Bâton-Rouge Est; Spanish: Parroquia del Este de Bastón Rojo) is the most populous parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its population was 456,781 at the 2020 census. The parish seat is Baton Rouge, Louisiana's state capital. East Baton Rouge Parish is located within the Greater Baton Rouge area.
Arc spring
The arc spring (also known as - bow spring, curved spring, circular spring or "banana" spring) is a special form of coil spring which was originally developed for use in the dual-mass flywheel of internal combustion engine drive trains. The term "arc spring" is used to describe pre-curved or arc-shaped helical compression springs. They have an arc-shaped coil axis.

Coil spring
A coil spring is a mechanical device that typically is used to store energy and subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between contacting surfaces. It is made of an elastic material formed into the shape of a helix that returns to its natural length when unloaded.

Under tension or compression, the material (wire) of a coil spring undergoes torsion. The spring characteristics therefore depend on the shear modulus.

A coil spring may also be used as a torsion spring: in this case the spring as a whole is subjected to torsion about its helical axis. The material of the spring is thereby subjected to a bending moment, either reducing or increasing the helical radius. In this mode, it is the Young's modulus of the material that determines the spring characteristics.