hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts
The Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts (Swedish: Kungliga Akademien för de fria konsterna), commonly called the Royal Academy, is located in Stockholm, Sweden. An independent organization that promotes the development of painting, sculpture, architecture, and other fine arts, it is one of several Swedish Royal Academies. The Royal Institute of Art, an art school that was once an integral part of the academy, was broken out in 1978 as an independent entity directly under the supervision of the Ministry of Education.

Royal Institute of Art
The Royal Institute of Art (Swedish: Kungliga Konsthögskolan) founded in 1735 is an institution in Stockholm, Sweden for higher education in art. The school was part of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts, until 1978 when it was made independent. It is under the supervision of the Ministry of Education and Research.
Pennsylvania Railroad no. 1320
The Pennsylvania Railroad no. 1320 was a single experimental passenger three-cylinder compound 2-2-2-0 locomotive purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1889, based on the London and North Western Railway's (LNWR) Dreadnought class, designed by Francis Webb. As the railway's Crewe Works (which had built the Dreadnought classes) was not legally allowed to sell its locomotives, 1320 was instead constructed by Beyer, Peacock & Company in Manchester to the Dreadnought's specifications.

2-2-2-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-2-2-0 usually represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered but uncoupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels, but can also be used to represent  two sets of leading wheels (not in a bogie) two driving wheels, and no trailing wheels. Some authorities place brackets around the duplicated but uncoupled wheels, creating a notation 2-(2-2)-0, or (2-2)-2-0, as a means of differentiating between them. Others simply refer to the locomotives 2-2-2-0.
Île-Royale
Île-Royale (French pronunciation: [il ʁwajal], lit. 'Royal Island') was a French colony in North America that existed from 1713 to 1763 as part of the wider colony of Acadia.

It consisted of two main islands, Île Royale (present-day Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia), Île Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island) and the Magdalen Islands archipelago. It was ceded to the British Empire after the Seven Years' War, and is today part of Canada.

Augustin de Boschenry de Drucour
Augustin de Boschenry de Drucour or de Drucourt (signed Chevalier de Drucour, baptized March 27, 1703—August 28, 1762) was a French military officer, who led the French defence in the Siege of Louisbourg.

He was a son of Jean-Louis de Boschenry, Baron de Drucourt and Marie-Louise Godard. Drucour joined the French Navy in 1719 as a midshipman in Toulon.

In October 1746, while aboard the Mars, a French naval vessel which was returning to France as part of the failed Duc d'Anville Expedition, he was taken prisoner by the British, and imprisoned for a year before returning to France.

He became a ship captain in 1751. In 1754, he was appointed Governor of Île Royale. During his career he made 16 major voyages to such places as Copenhagen, Stockholm, Martinique and Saint-Domingue.
İmam bayıldı
İmam bayıldı (literally: "the imam fainted") is a dish in Ottoman cuisine of whole aubergine stuffed with onion, garlic and tomatoes, and simmered in olive oil. It is a zeytinyağlı (olive oil-based) dish and is found in most of the former Ottoman regions. The dish is served at room temperature or warm.

Ottoman cuisine
Ottoman cuisine is the cuisine of the Ottoman Empire and its continuation in the cuisines of Greece, Turkey, the Balkans (with Hungary and Moldova included), the Caucasus, the Middle East and Northern Africa.
Itang (woreda)
Itang is a woreda in Gambela Region, Ethiopia. Because Itang is not part of any zone in the Gambela Region, it is considered a Special woreda, an administrative subdivision which is similar to an autonomous area. It is bordered on the south and southeast by the Anuak Zone, on the west by the Nuer Zone, on the northwest by South Sudan, and on the north by the Oromia Region; part of the southern boundary is defined by the Alwero River. The major town in Itang is Itang.

Gambela Region
The Gambela Region, also spelled Gambella, and officially the Gambela Peoples' Region (Amharic: ጋምቤላ ሕዝቦች ክልል), is a regional state in western Ethiopia. Previously known as Region 12, its capital and largest city is Gambela . It is bordered by the Oromia Region to the east, the South West Ethiopia Region to the south, and the country of South Sudan to the west.

Gambela is situated between the Openo and Akobo Rivers, with its western part including the Openo River. It covers an area of approximately 29,783 square kilometers with a population of 525,000 inhabitants, making it one of Ethiopia's smallest regions and one of its least populous. Gambela is home to a diverse population which includes the Anuak, Nuer, and other indigenous groups collectively referred to as the Majang Komo and Opo.
Basilica of Saint-Martin d'Ainay
The Basilica of Saint-Martin d'Ainay (French: Basilique Saint-Martin d'Ainay) is a Romanesque church in Ainay in the Presqu'île district in the historic centre of Lyon, France. A quintessential example of Romanesque architecture, it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List along with other notable buildings in the centre of Lyon as a testimony to Lyon's long history as an important European town and unique blend of architectural styles.

Lyon Cathedral
Lyon Cathedral or the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist of Lyon (French: Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon) is a Roman Catholic church located on Place Saint-Jean in central Lyon, France. The cathedral is dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon. Begun in 1180 on the ruins of a 6th-century church, it was completed in 1476. Despite its long construction time, it has a relatively consistent architectural style. In 1998, the building, along with other historic sites in the center of Lyon, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Cheboksarsky District
Cheboksarsky District (Russian: Чебокса́рский райо́н; Chuvash: Шупашкар районӗ, Şupaşkar rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with the Mari El Republic in the north, Mariinsko-Posadsky District in the east, Tsivilsky and Krasnoarmeysky Districts in the south, and with Morgaushsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,178.8 square kilometers (455.1 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Kugesi. Population:  62,920 (2010 Census); 58,766 (2002 Census); 57,107 (1989 Soviet census).

Morgaushsky District
Morgaushsky District (Russian: Морга́ушский райо́н; Chuvash: Муркаш районӗ,  Murkaş rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with the Mari El Republic in the north, Cheboksarsky District in the east, Alikovsky District in the south, and with Yadrinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 845.3 square kilometers (326.4 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Morgaushi. Population:  34,884 (2010 Census); 37,127 (2002 Census); 38,465 (1989 Soviet census).
Sullivan (Mercurian crater)
Sullivan is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976, and is named for the American architect Louis Sullivan.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Sullivan is west of the smaller but younger Futabatei crater.  To the north of Sullivan is Stoddart.

Stoddart (crater)
Stoddart is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on August 26, 2024, for the New Zealand painter Margaret Stoddart, who lived from 1865 to 1934.

Stoddart is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.

The crater Snorri is to the northeast of Stoddart.  Sullivan and Futabatei are to the south.

Central Stoddart crater (inner ring)

Unnamed crater on east rim
Bode plot
In electrical engineering and control theory, a Bode plot is a graph of the frequency response of a system.  It is usually a combination of a Bode magnitude plot, expressing the magnitude (usually in decibels) of the frequency response, and a Bode phase plot, expressing the phase shift.

As originally conceived by Hendrik Wade Bode in the 1930s, the plot is an asymptotic approximation of the frequency response, using straight line segments.

Plot (graphics)
A plot is a graphical technique for representing a data set, usually as a graph showing the relationship between two or more variables. The plot can be drawn by hand or by a computer. In the past, sometimes mechanical or electronic plotters were used. Graphs are a visual representation of the relationship between variables, which are very useful for humans who can then quickly derive an understanding which may not have come from lists of values. Given a scale or ruler, graphs can also be used to read off the value of an unknown variable plotted as a function of a known one, but this can also be done with data presented in tabular form. Graphs of functions are used in mathematics, sciences, engineering, technology, finance, and other areas.
Murinsel
The Murinsel (German, literally Mur island) in Graz, Austria, is an artificial floating "island" in the middle of the river Mur and links the two banks on both sides. At night the blue navigation lights that surround the structure light up. This landmark of Graz was designed by New York City artist Vito Acconci on the occasion of Graz becoming the 2003 European Capital of Culture.

Described by the artist as "A bowl that morphs into a dome that morphs into a bowl…" Mur Island is in the form of a giant sea shell and measures 47 m (154 ft) in length. Two footbridges connect it with both banks of the Mur. The center of the platform forms an amphitheatre. Below a twisted round dome there is a café and a playground.

Mur (river)
The Mur (German pronunciation: [ˈmuːɐ̯] ⓘ) or Mura (Slovene: [ˈmúːɾa]; Croatian: [mǔːra]; Hungarian: [ˈmurɒ]; Prekmurje Slovene: Müra or Möra) is a river in Central Europe rising in the Hohe Tauern national park of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria with its source at 1,898 m (6,227 ft) above sea level. It is a tributary of the Drava and subsequently the Danube.

The Mur's total length is around 464 kilometres (288 mi). About 326 km are within the interior of Austria; 95 km flow in and around Slovenia (67 km along the borders with Austria and Croatia, 28 km inside Slovenia), and the rest forms the border between Croatia and Hungary. The largest city on the river is Graz, Austria. Its drainage basin covers an area of 14,109 km2 (5,448 sq mi).

Tributaries of the Mur include the Mürz, the Sulm, the Ščavnica, the Ledava and the Trnava.
Llavandera
Llavandera is a parish of the municipality of Gijón, in Asturias, Spain.

The population of Llavandera was 356 in 2012.

It borders the districts of Fano in the east, Vega in the north, Samartín de Güerces in the west and the municipality of Siero in the south.

Samartín de Güerces
Samartín de Güerces (Spanish: Huerces) is a parish of the municipality of Gijón / Xixón, in Asturias, Spain.

Its population was 313 in 2012.

Samartín de Güerces borders the municipality of Siero in the south and with the districts of Vega and Llavandera in the east. Its highest peak is Picu Samartín (513 m)
Chattahoochee County, Georgia
Chattahoochee County, also known as Cusseta-Chattahoochee County, is a county located on the western border in central Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,565. The county seat is Cusseta, with which the county shares a consolidated city-county government. The city of Cusseta remains a geographically distinct municipality within Chattahoochee County. The county was created on February 13, 1854. Chattahoochee County is included in the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area.

U.S. Route 27 in Georgia
U.S. Highway 27 (US 27) is a 356.088-mile-long (573.068 km) United States Numbered Highway in the state of Georgia. It travels south-to-north through the western part of the state near the Alabama state line in Columbus, Georgia. The whole route is Governor's Road Improvement Program (GRIP) corridor EDS-27, providing the bulk of the Tallahassee, Florida–Chattanooga, Tennessee corridor. All of US 27 in Georgia runs concurrently with State Route 1 (SR 1) and is also designated as the Martha Berry Highway. It connects Bainbridge, Colquitt, Blakely, Cuthbert, Lumpkin, Cusseta, Columbus, LaGrange, Carrollton, Bremen, Cedartown, Rome, Summerville, LaFayette, Fort Oglethorpe, and Rossville.
Central American Republic real
The real was the currency of the Federal Republic of Central America from the passing of the coinage law of 19 March 1824 to the dissolution of the republic in 1838. Sixteen silver reales equaled one gold escudo, and a coin of eight reales was called a peso. The Central American Republic's real replaced the Spanish colonial real at par and continued to circulate and be issued after the constituent states left the Central American Republic. Federation coins were minted in Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Honduras, while additional provisional issues were minted at various points in Costa Rica, Honduras, and El Salvador. Both Guatemala and Costa Rica continued minting coins in the style of the republican real until the late 1840s; the currency was eventually replaced by the Costa Rican real, Salvadoran peso, Guatemalan peso, Honduran real and Nicaraguan peso.

Costa Rican real
The real was the currency of Costa Rica until 1850 and continued to circulate until 1864. It had no subdivisions. 16 silver reales equaled 1 gold escudo. The real was replaced by the peso at a rate of 1 peso = 8 reales.

Initially, Spanish and Spanish colonial reales circulated, followed in 1824 by the Central American Republic real. In 1842, Costa Rica issued its first coins, 1⁄2 real and 1 escudo pieces. These were followed in 1847 by 1 real coins. In 1850, when the first peso coins were issued, gold coins were issued for 1⁄2, 1 and 2 escudos. The last coins denominated in reales were issued in 1850, whilst the last escudo coins were issued in 1864.
Upper respiratory tract infection
An upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea. This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold.: 28  Most infections are viral in nature, and in other instances, the cause is bacterial. URTIs can also be fungal or helminthic in origin, but these are less common.: 443–445

Laryngitis
Laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx (voice box). Symptoms often include a hoarse voice to no voice at all and may include fever, cough, pain in the front of the neck, and trouble swallowing. Typically, these last under 2 weeks.
Mesonauta
Mesonauta, the flag cichlids, is a small genus of cichlids native to the Amazon, Orinoco, Essequibo, Paraná and Paraguay basins in South America. Mesonauta is included in the subfamily Cichlasomatinae. They occur in various freshwater habitats such as streams and lakes, especially in areas with little water movement and aquatic vegetation. They are generally found in small groups that stay near the water surface. To avoid predators, adults may jump out of the water and juveniles mimic leaves.

Some species are popular in the fishkeeping hobby and are frequently kept in aquariums. These have traditionally been referred to as M. festivus, but following taxonomic reviews of the genus in 1991 and 1998, the species most often seen in the aquarium trade are M. guyanae, M. insignis and M. mirificus. The species are similar in general appearance, but they have different distributions and can be separated by the bars they show on the body when stressed or excited (very faint when relaxed).

Cichlasomatinae
The Cichlasomatinae are a subfamily of cichlid fishes, including all cichlids native to the Greater Antilles (Cuba and Hispaniola), United States (southern Texas), Mexico and Central America, and many of the cichlids from South America (the other South American subfamilies are Astronotinae, Cichlinae, Geophaginae, and Retroculinae). The subfamily Cichlasomatinae is often divided into two tribes: Cichlasomatini and Heroini, however some authorities classify these two tribes as part of the wider Neotropical and marginally Nearctic subfamily Cichlinae.
Deyrolle
Deyrolle is a historic Parisian institution specialising in natural sciences, entomology, and taxidermy. Founded in 1831, it is one of the best known companies of entomology and taxidermy of Paris, celebrated for its collections in taxidermy, entomology, and natural history. Today, Deyrolle is a shop and a cabinet of curiosities open to the public, whose vocation is to show the beauty of Nature.

Émile Deyrolle
Émile  Deyrolle (1838–1917) was a French naturalist and natural history dealer in Paris.
The business was originally owned by his naturalist grandfather, Jean-Baptiste Deyrolle who opened his shop in 1831 at 23, Rue de la Monnaie. Émile’s father Achille Deyrolle ran the business for many years. Émile took over in 1866. The  address from 1881 (and now) was (and is) 46, Rue du Bac, the former home of Jacques Samuel Bernhart. Deyrolle specialized in natural history publications and specimens taxidermy, minerals, rocks, fossils, botanical specimens, shells, taxidermy, microscopic specimens and microscopes.
Prestwich Cricket, Tennis & Bowling Club
Prestwich Cricket, Tennis & Bowling Club, commonly known as PCTBC or Prestwich Cricket Club, is an English multi-sports club from the town of Prestwich, in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, England.

With over 500 members, the club has four official sporting sections fielding amateur teams in cricket, tennis, crown green bowling and association football. Boasting a large social membership section, the club also has teams playing a variety of other sports including cribbage, darts, dominoes, five-a-side football and netball.

The club was the first multi-sports club in the UK to achieve Clubmark or equivalent accreditation's in all its official sporting sections. Then in 2010, the club underwent a major redevelopment which included the addition of a new changing facility, the refurbishment of the existing clubhouse and new floodlit tennis courts. As a result, PCTBC was then chosen as the showcase club for the inaugural NatWest ECB CricketForce Fundraiser weekend.

Prestwich
Prestwich (/ˈprɛstwɪtʃ/ PREST-witch) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Greater Manchester, England, three miles (five kilometres) north of Manchester, three miles (five kilometres) north of Salford and five miles (eight kilometres) south of Bury.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, Prestwich was the seat of the ancient parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, centred around the Grade I listed Church of St Mary the Virgin. In recent times, it has grown in popularity as a commuter town of Manchester, being consistently named one of the best places to live in the UK by The Sunday Times, and has been nicknamed the 'new Didsbury' in comparison with the affluent suburb in the south of the city.

The oldest part of Prestwich, around Bury New Road, is known as Prestwich Village. There is a large Jewish community in Prestwich which, together with neighbouring Whitefield, Broughton and Crumpsall, makes up the second largest Jewish community in the UK outside London.
2008 Abu Kamal raid
The 2008 Abu Kamal raid was an attack carried out by helicopter-borne CIA paramilitary officers from Special Activities Division and United States Special Operations Command, Joint Special Operations Command inside Syrian territory on October 26, 2008.

The Syrian government called the event a "criminal and terrorist" attack on its sovereignty, alleging all of the reported eight fatalities were civilians. The US cited self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter, citing their belief that Syria was responsible for providing "sanctuary to terrorists", as justification for the attack.

Damascus Community School
Damascus Community School is an unlicensed American school founded by the former US secretary of state John Foster Dulles in 1957 in Damascus, Syria. The school was built to promote American ideals and culture and to help steer Syria away from becoming a Soviet satellite. Since 2012, due to the situation in Syria, the school has been effectively shut down.
Phimeanakas
Phimeanakas (Khmer: ប្រាសាទភិមានអាកាស, Prasat Phimean Akas, 'celestial temple') or Vimeanakas (Khmer: ប្រាសាទវិមានអាកាស, Prasat Vimean Akas) at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Hindu temple in the Khleang style, built at the end of the 10th century, during the reign of Rajendravarman (from 941 to 968), then completed by Suryavarman I: 115, 135 : 371  in the shape of a three tier pyramid as a Hindu temple. On top of the pyramid there was a tower, while on the edge of top platform there are galleries. Phimeanakas is located inside the walled enclosure of the Royal Palace of Angkor Thom north of Baphuon.

Angkor Thom
Angkor Thom (Khmer: អង្គរធំ [ʔɑŋkɔː tʰom]; meaning "Great City"), alternatively Nokor Thom (Khmer: នគរធំ [nɔkɔː tʰom]), located in present-day Cambodia, was the last and most enduring capital city of the Khmer Empire. It was established in the late twelfth century by King Jayavarman VII.: 378–382 : 170  It covers an area of 9 km², within which are located several monuments from earlier eras as well as those established by Jayavarman and his successors. At the centre of the city is Jayavarman's state temple, the Bayon, with the other major sites clustered around the Victory Square immediately to the north. The site is one of the major tourist attractions of Southeast Asia.
Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.

Semantic externalism
In the philosophy of language, semantic externalism (the opposite of semantic internalism) is the view that the meaning of a term is determined, in whole or in part, by factors external to the speaker. According to an externalist position, one can claim without contradiction that two speakers could be in exactly the same brain state at the time of an utterance, and yet mean different things by that utterance -- that is, at the least, that their terms could pick out different referents.