hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Memoir '44
Memoir '44 is a light wargame or war-themed strategy board game for two players. It was created by Richard Borg and published in 2004 by Days of Wonder. Illustration done by Julian Deveil and Cyrrile Dejuan. The game can be played with up to six players if played in teams and up to eight players in the "Overlord" scenarios. However, "Overlord" requires two copies of the game. It received the 2004 International Gamers Award for General Strategy, 2-Player category and The Wargamer 2004 Award for Excellence. The game is published in English and French (as Mémoire 44) by Days of Wonder.

Memoir '44 simulates over a dozen of the battles connected with the D-Day invasions in World War II. It uses an enhanced version of the same Command & Colors game system as found in Battle Cry.

Days of Wonder
Days of Wonder is a board game publisher founded in 2002 and owned by Asmodee Group since 2014. Days of Wonder distributes its games to 25 countries. It specializes in German-style board games and has branched out to include some online games. Days of Wonder has published games in several languages including English, Dutch, French, German, Russian, and Greek. Days of Wonder was co-founded by Eric Hautemont, Mark Kaufmann and Yann Corno.
Paposo
25°00′30″S 70°27′53″W﻿ / ﻿25.00833°S 70.46472°W﻿ / -25.00833; -70.46472

Paposo or Caleta Paposo is a hamlet in the southern part of Antofagasta Province, Chile. It is located on a narrow coastal plain bordering the Pacific Ocean. The census of 2002 counted 259 inhabitants, who predominantly relied on fishing and mining for a living. Paposo has a desert climate, but "fog oases" exist on mountain slopes near the sea. In a region almost devoid of vegetation, these oases, also called lomas, support a variety of flora found from about 1 km (0.62 miles) to 4 km (2.5 miles) inland.

Lomas
Lomas, also called fog oases and  mist oases, are areas of fog-watered vegetation in the coastal desert of Peru and northern Chile. About 100 lomas near the Pacific Ocean are identified between 5°S and 30°S latitude, a north–south distance of about 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi).  Lomas range in size from a small vegetated area to more than 40,000 hectares (99,000 acres) and their flora includes many endemic species. Apart from river valleys and the lomas the coastal desert is almost without vegetation.  Scholars have described individual lomas as "an island of vegetation in a virtual ocean of desert."

In a nearly rainless desert, the lomas owe their existence to the moist dense fog and mist which rolls in from the Pacific.  The fog is called garúa in Peru and Camanchaca in Chile.
995 Fifth Avenue
995 Fifth Avenue is a 16-story co-op apartment building at the southeast corner of Fifth Avenue and East 81st Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City, across Fifth Avenue from Central Park and the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Fifth Avenue building. It was constructed in 1926 as The Stanhope Apartment Hotel and designed by Rosario Candela. The building was converted to a residential co-op with 26 units in 2005 and renamed The Stanhope. It has since been renamed to its address.

Pannonica de Koenigswarter
Baroness Kathleen Annie Pannonica 'Nica' de Koenigswarter (née Rothschild; 10 December 1913 – 30 November 1988) was a British-born jazz patron, photographer and writer. A leading patron of bebop, she was a member of the Rothschild family.
Lone Pigeon
Lone Pigeon is the working name of Gordon Anderson, a Scottish musician and co-founder of The Beta Band (which was formerly known as The Pigeons). Later he was a member of The Aliens with John Maclean and Robin Jones from The Beta Band.

Domino Recording Company
Domino Recording Company, or simply Domino, is a British independent record label based in London. There is also a wing of the label based in Brooklyn, New York that handles releases in the United States, as well as a German division called Domino Deutschland and a French division called Domino France. In addition, Stephen Pastel presides over the subsidiary label Geographic Music, which releases more 'unusual' music from Britain and outside of the Western world. In 2011, the company announced that it was beginning a book publishing division, The Domino Press.
Spring Hill Library
Spring Hill Library (grid reference SP055874) is a red brick and terracotta Victorian building in Ladywood, Birmingham, England.

Designed in 1891 by Frederick Martin of Martin & Chamberlain with a 65-foot (20 m) clock tower on the corner of Icknield Street and Spring Hill and opened on 7 January 1893, it now stands next to a roundabout and linked via a glazed atrium to a new (2010) Tesco superstore. The site was previously the location for the turnpike gate house for Icknield Street.

The library is a Grade II* listed building.

It closed down for good in 2022, and as of 2025 will never reopen.

Arms of Birmingham

The ceiling, with curved iron girders concealed (unusual for Martin & Chamberlain)

Ladywood
Ladywood is an inner-city district next to central Birmingham. Historically in Warwickshire, in June 2004, Birmingham City Council conducted a citywide "Ward Boundary Revision" to round-up the 39 Birmingham wards to 40. As a result of this, Ladywood Ward's boundaries were expanded to include the neighbouring areas of Hockley, Lee Bank and Birmingham city centre.
Anthropodermic bibliopegy
Anthropodermic bibliopegy is the practice of binding books in human skin. As of April 2022, The Anthropodermic Book Project has examined 31 out of 50 books in public institutions supposed to have anthropodermic bindings, of which 18 have been confirmed as human and 13 have been demonstrated to be non-human leather instead.

Destinies of the Soul
Destinies of the Soul (published in French as Des destinées de l'âme) is an individual copy of Arsene Houssaye's essay Des destinés de l'âme notable for being bound in human skin. The book was written by Arsène Houssaye and published by Calmann-Lévy in Paris. A copy of the book was owned by the physician Dr. Ludovic Bouland before it was acquired by the Harvard Library in 1934. The book was not confirmed to be bound in human skin until 2014. In 2024, Harvard University removed the skin and placed it in storage due to ethical considerations.
Standish Hall
Standish Hall was an estate and country house, built in 1573, owned by the Standish family in the south-west of Standish, Wigan. No standing structures of the hall remain on the former estate, however, some of its wooden-panel interiors have been preserved elsewhere.

Standish, Greater Manchester
Standish is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, it is on the A49 road between Chorley and Wigan, near Junction 27 of the M6 motorway. The population of the town was 13,278 in the 2011 census.

Formed around a crossroads, the town has grown as urban expansion between Manchester and Liverpool extends outwards. St Wilfrid's Church is a Grade I listed parish church.
Alexander Vedernikov (bass)
Alexander Filippovich Vedernikov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Фили́ппович Веде́рников; 23 December 1927 – 9 January 2018) was a Soviet and Russian opera and chamber singer (bass) and teacher. He was the soloist of the Bolshoi Theatre of the USSR from 1958 to 1990.

His son was the Russian conductor Alexander Vedernikov.

Alexander Vedernikov
Alexander Alexandrovich Vedernikov (Russian: Александр Александрович Ведерников; 11 January 1964 – 29 October 2020) was a Russian conductor. He held major posts with the Bolshoi Theatre the Odense Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Danish Opera, and the Mikhailovsky Theatre.
Ethics of philanthropy
Philanthropy poses a number of ethical issues:

How donors should choose beneficiaries and ensure that their donations are effective.

Acceptable marketing practices for grant seekers.

A recipient may violate the donor's intent in spirit or in law.

A donor's activities may be considered incompatible with those of the institution's mission.

Specifically, a recipient may be perceived as complicit with or oblivious to a donor's unethical practices, thus tainting its own good name, especially when an institution grants naming rights.

A donor may receive a quid pro quo for all or part of a donation.

Donor intent
Donor intent is the purpose, sometimes publicly expressed, for which a philanthropist intends a charitable gift or bequest. Donor intent is most often expressed in gift restrictions, terms, or agreements between a donor and donee, but it may also be expressed separately in the words, actions, beliefs, and giving practices of a philanthropist. Donor intent is protected in American law regarding charitable trusts, and trustees' primary fiduciary obligation is to carry out a donor's wishes.

Donor intent is distinguished from “grant compliance”, where donor intent refers to the actions of a grantmaking entity and grant compliance to the actions of a grant recipient.

The term donor intent is commonly used to refer to both the guiding principles of a grantmaking entity and the purposes of a specific gift.

There have been many controversies, including litigation, over donor intent at private foundations, universities, and arts organizations.
Chloroform
Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Chloroform was once used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).

Inhalational anesthetic
An inhalational anesthetic is a chemical compound possessing general anesthetic properties that is delivered via inhalation. They are administered through a face mask, laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube connected to an anesthetic vaporiser and an anesthetic delivery system. Agents of significant contemporary clinical interest include volatile anesthetic agents such as isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane, as well as certain anesthetic gases such as nitrous oxide and xenon.
Cella Dati
Cella Dati (Cremunés: Céla) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Cremona.

Cella Dati borders the following municipalities: Cingia de' Botti, Derovere, Motta Baluffi, Pieve San Giacomo, San Daniele Po, Sospiro.

Pieve San Giacomo
Pieve San Giacomo (Cremunés: Piéef San Giàcum) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona, Lombardy, Italy. It is located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Cremona.

Pieve San Giacomo borders the following municipalities: Cappella de' Picenardi, Cella Dati, Cicognolo, Derovere, Sospiro, Vescovato.
The Ambassadors of Death
The Ambassadors of Death is the third serial of the seventh season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in seven weekly parts on BBC1 from 21 March to 2 May 1970. The serial's script was credited to David Whitaker but completed primarily by Malcolm Hulke and Trevor Ray. It was directed by Michael Ferguson.

The serial is set in London, Hertfordshire and the Earth's orbit. In the serial, the alien time traveller the Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) and the international organisation UNIT investigate the disappearance of astronauts who have lost contact with Earth. They become involved in a conspiracy and meet alien ambassadors who have arrived on Earth.

Doctor Who season 7
The seventh season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 3 January 1970 with Jon Pertwee's first story Spearhead from Space and ended with Inferno. The first season to be made in colour, it marked the beginning of Barry Letts's five seasons as series producer, but it has been described as "essentially devised" by his predecessor, Derrick Sherwin, who produced the opening story. The season sees the beginning of the Doctor's exile to Earth by the Time Lords and his attachment to UNIT as its scientific advisor.
Shahriyar bin Kanara
Shahriyar, son of Kanadbak, (died 636) was a Sasanian commander who fought against the Muslims during the Islamic invasion of Persia. He died along with Mushegh III, Bahman Jadhuyih, Jalinus and Rostam Farrokhzād in the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah.

Kanadbak
Kanadbak, also known as Kanara, was an Iranian nobleman, who was the kanarang during the reign of the Sasanian king Khosrau II (r. 590–628), and various other Sasanian monarchs, which includes Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651), the last Sasanian king.
Preveza
Preveza (Greek: Πρέβεζα, pronounced [ˈpreveza]) is a city in the region of Epirus, northwestern Greece, located on the northern peninsula of the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf. It is the capital of the regional unit of Preveza, which comprises the southern part of Epirus. Preveza is connected to Aktio in Central Greece by the Aktio-Preveza Immersed Tunnel, the only undersea tunnel in Greece. The ruins of the ancient city of Nicopolis lie 7 kilometres (4 miles) north of Preveza.

St. George's Castle, Preveza
St. George's Castle (Greek: Κάστρο Αγίου Γεωργίου, romanized: Kastro Agiou Georgiou; Turkish: Yeni kale, or Hizir kalesi) is an Ottoman fortification located in the city of Preveza, northwestern Greece. It was built in 1807, during the rule of Ali Pasha of Ioannina over the region (1806-1820), and it was constructed on plans drawn by the French engineer Frédéric François Guillaume de Vaudoncourt (1772-1845).
Mannlicher M1893
The Mannlicher M1893 (or M93) is a bolt-action rifle that was the standard service rifle of the Kingdom of Romania from 1893 to 1938. The rifle and its 1892 predecessor were the first repeating rifles to be widely issued in the Romanian military. It was later replaced by the Czechoslovak-designed Vz. 24 as the standard service rifle.

6.5×53mmR
The 6.5×53mmR, originally and more correctly produced as the 6.5×53.5mmR, and in imperial system nomenclature known as the .256 Mannlicher, is a late 19th-century rimmed centerfire military rifle cartridge similar to other early smokeless powder designs.
Uganda men's national field hockey team
The Uganda men's national field hockey team represents Uganda in men's international field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Uganda Hockey Association, the governing body for field hockey in Uganda.

Uganda has participated once at the Summer Olympics in 1972 when they finished 15th.

Uganda Hockey Association
The Uganda Hockey Association is the governing body of field hockey in Uganda. It is affiliated to IHF International Hockey Federation and AHF African Hockey Federation. The headquarters of the Association are in Kampala, Uganda, at Lugogo Sports Complex, on Plot 2-10 Coronation Avenue, Lugogo.
Yang–Mills theory
Yang–Mills theory is a quantum field theory for nuclear binding devised by Chen Ning Yang and Robert Mills in 1953, as well as a generic term for the class of similar theories. The Yang–Mills theory is a gauge theory based on a special unitary group SU(n), or more generally any compact Lie group. A Yang–Mills theory seeks to describe the behavior of elementary particles using these non-abelian Lie groups and is at the core of the unification of the electromagnetic force and weak forces (i.e. U(1) × SU(2)) as well as quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force (based on SU(3)). Thus it forms the basis of the understanding of the Standard Model of particle physics.

Lattice gauge theory
In physics, lattice gauge theory is the study of gauge theories on a spacetime that has been discretized into a lattice.

Gauge theories are important in particle physics, and include the prevailing theories of elementary particles: quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and particle physics' Standard Model. Non-perturbative gauge theory calculations in continuous spacetime formally involve evaluating an infinite-dimensional path integral, which is computationally intractable. By working on a discrete spacetime, the path integral becomes finite-dimensional, and can be evaluated by stochastic simulation techniques such as the Monte Carlo method.  When the size of the lattice is taken infinitely large and its sites infinitesimally close to each other, the continuum gauge theory is recovered.
Jack (playing card)
A Jack, Lancer or Knave, in some games referred to as a Bower, in Tarot card games as a Valet, is a playing card which, in traditional French and English decks, pictures a man in the traditional or historic aristocratic or courtier dress generally associated with Europe of the 16th or 17th century.  The usual rank of a jack is between the ten and the queen. The Jack corresponds to the Unter in German and Swiss-suited playing cards.

La Hire
Étienne de Vignolles, Sieur de Montmorillon, Chatelain de Longueville (French: [etjɛn də viɲɔl]), also known as La Hire ([la iʁ]; 1390 – 11 January 1443), was a French military commander during the Hundred Years' War.
Gaston B. Cashwell
Gaston Barnabas Cashwell (April 28, 1862 or 1860 – 1916) was an early Holiness Pentecostal leader in the southern United States.  He was born in Sampson County, North Carolina. His importance lies in bringing several denominations aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement into the Pentecostal camp.

Church of God of Prophecy
The Church of God of Prophecy (COGOP) is a Holiness Pentecostal Christian Church. It is one of six Church of God bodies headquartered in Cleveland, Tennessee that arose from a small meeting of believers who gathered at the Holiness Church at Camp Creek near the Tennessee/North Carolina border on Saturday, June 13, 1903.
The Church of God of Prophecy has congregations and missions in over 135 countries, with a membership of around 800,000. Membership in North America as of 2024 was 88,216 in 1,633 churches. Ministries of the Church include homes for children, bible training institutes, youth camps, ministerial aid, and Spirit and Life Seminary. The Church operates Fields of the Wood, a Bible theme park and popular tourist attraction, near Murphy, North Carolina.
Fuente de Cibeles (Mexico City)
The Fountain of Cybele (Spanish: Fuente de Cibeles) in Mexico City is a bronze statue installed in Colonia Roma in 1980, and refurbished in 2011.
A symbol of brotherhood between the Spanish and Mexican communities, it is a replica of the fountain located in the Plaza de Cibeles in Madrid that was built by architect Ventura Rodríguez between 1777 and 1792. The Mexican version is located at a traffic circle in Plaza Villa de Madrid, where Oaxaca, Durango, Medellín and El Oro streets converge in Colonia Roma.
The plaza and statue are considered emblematic sights of Mexico City.

Fountain of Cybele
The Fountain of Cybele (Spanish: Fuente de Cibeles, or simply, La Cibeles) is a neoclassical fountain in Madrid, Spain. It lies on the centre of the Plaza de Cibeles. The sculptural group in its centre represents Cybele, a Phrygian earth and fertility deity. It has become one of the icons of the city.
Elite Forces of Malaysia
The Elite Forces of Malaysia (Malay: Pasukan Elit Malaysia) are specialised, highly trained units drawn from various branches of the Malaysian military, law enforcement, and government agencies. In Malaysia, the term Elite Forces serves as an umbrella term encompassing special forces, special operations units, specialised firefighting teams, and other uniquely trained groups within the uniformed services (Pasukan beruniform).

To join these Elite Forces, regular personnel must undergo rigorous and specialised training to meet the demanding standards required. These units are distinguished by unique identifiers, including beret colours, shoulder flashes (tabs), unit patches, skill badges, and distinct uniforms, setting them apart from conventional units.

Malaysian Army
The Malaysian Army (Malay: Tentera Darat Malaysia; Jawi: تنترا دارت مليسيا‎) is the land component of the Malaysian Armed Forces. Steeped in British Army traditions, the Malaysian Army does not carry the title ‘royal’ (diraja) as do the Royal Malaysian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Air Force. Instead, the title is bestowed on selected army corps and regiments who have been accorded the honour by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong ('The King of Malaysia'), who is the Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces.
Canada permanent resident card
The permanent resident card (French: carte de résident permanent), also known colloquially as the PR card, is an identification document and a travel document that shows that a person has permanent residency in Canada. It is one of the methods by which Canadian permanent residents can prove their permanent residency status in Canada, and is one of the only documents that allow permanent residents to return to Canada by a commercial carrier.

Permanent resident holders are entitled to apply for Canadian citizenship after continuously residing in Canada for at least 1,095 days during a 5-year period, presenting a good moral character, filing taxes if required, passing the Canadian Citizenship Test, and swearing an Oath of Citizenship.

Like Canadian passports, all PR cards are issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and are the property of the Canadian Crown and must be returned or destroyed upon request.

Permanent residency
Permanent residency is a person's legal resident status in a country or territory of which such person is not a citizen but where they have the right to reside on a permanent basis. This is usually for a permanent period; a person with such legal status is known as a permanent resident.

Permanent residency itself is distinct from right of abode, which waives immigration control for such persons. Persons having permanent residency still require immigration control if they do not have right of abode. However, a right of abode automatically grants people permanent residency. This status also gives work permit in most cases. In many Western countries, the status of permanent resident confers a right of abode upon the holder despite not being a citizen of the particular country.
Seehausen, Altmark
Seehausen (German pronunciation: [ˈzeːhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated approximately 30 km (19 mi) north of Stendal in the Altmark, a historic region in Germany, comprising the northern third of Saxony-Anhalt.  In January 2010 it absorbed the former municipalities Beuster, Geestgottberg and Losenrade, and in September 2010 Schönberg.

Seehausen is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Seehausen (Altmark).

Geestgottberg
Geestgottberg (German pronunciation: [ˈɡeːstˌɡɔtbɛʁk]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Seehausen.