hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Lynch speech
The William Lynch speech, also known as the Willie Lynch letter, is an address purportedly delivered by a William Lynch (or Willie Lynch) to an audience on the bank of the James River in Virginia in 1712 regarding control of slaves within the colony. In recent years, it has been widely exposed as a hoax.

The letter purports to be a verbatim account of a short speech given by a slave owner, in which he tells other slave masters that he has discovered the "secret" to controlling black slaves by setting them against one another. The document has been in print since at least 1970, but first gained widespread notice in the 1990s, when it appeared on the Internet. Since then, it has often been promoted as an authentic account of slavery during the 18th century, though its inaccuracies and anachronisms have led historians to conclude that it is a hoax.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
V Corps (United States)
V Corps (/ˈviː kɔːr/), formerly known as the Fifth Corps, is a regular corps of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Knox, Kentucky and Camp Kościuszko, Poland.

It previously served during World War I, World War II, the Cold War, Kosovo War, and the war on terrorism.

3rd Corps Sustainment Command
The 3rd Corps Sustainment Command is a United States Army unit. It derives its lineage from the 3rd Logistical Command, which was activated in Japan on 19 September 1950 for service in Korea.

The 3rd Corps Sustainment Command coordinates operational sustainment support to optimize delivery of sustainment effects in the XVIII Airborne Corps areas of operation. On order, the 3 ESC deploys into an Area of Operation (AO) or Joint Operations Area (JOA) to provide mission command of assigned units in order to achieve expeditionary operational reach in support of an Army Service Component Command (ASCC) or Joint Task Force (JTF).
Kentucky Railway Museum
The Kentucky Railway Museum, now located in New Haven, Kentucky, United States, is a non-profit railroad museum dedicated to educating the public regarding the history and heritage of Kentucky's railroads and the people who built them.  Originally created in 1954 in Louisville, Kentucky, the museum is at its third location, in extreme southern Nelson County.  It is one of the oldest railroad stations in the United States.

The museum owns four steam locomotives, twelve diesel locomotives and over a hundred pieces of rolling stock.  Four of the pieces are separately on the National Register of Historic Places: the Louisville and Nashville Steam Locomotive No. 152, the Louisville and Nashville Combine Car Number 665, the Mt. Broderick Pullman Lounge-Obs-Sleeping Car, and the Frankfort and Cincinnati Model 55 Rail Car.

Monon Railroad
The Monon Railroad (reporting mark MON), also known as the Chicago, Indianapolis, and Louisville Railway (reporting mark CIL) from 1897 to 1971, was an American railroad that operated almost entirely within the state of Indiana. The Monon was merged into the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1971, and much of the former Monon right of way is owned today by CSX Transportation. In 1970, it operated 540 miles (870 km) of road on 792 miles (1,275 km) of track; that year it reported 1320 million ton-miles of revenue freight and zero passenger-miles. (It also showed zero miles of double track, the longest such Class I railroad in the country.)
Mario Kopić
Mario Kopić (born 13 March 1965) is a philosopher, author and translator. His main areas of interest include: the history of ideas, the philosophy of art, the philosophy of culture, phenomenology and the philosophy of religion.

Kopić is influenced by and writes extensively on Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Jacques Derrida, Gianni Vattimo, Reiner Schürmann and Dušan Pirjevec. He also translated works by Nietzsche (Thus Spoke Zarathustra, On the Genealogy of Morality), Giorgio Agamben, Gianni Vattimo, Jacques Derrida, Emmanuel Levinas and Dušan Pirjevec into Croatian.

Reiner Schürmann
Reiner Schürmann (February 4, 1941 – August 20, 1993) was a Dutch-American philosopher, professor of Philosophy at The New School for Social Research in New York Cityfrom 1975 to his death. He wrote all his major published work in French. Deeply influenced by Heidegger, Meister Eckhart, and contemporary continental thought, Schürmann developed a radical critique of metaphysical and political first principles (what he called "anarchy of being and action") culminating in analyses of broken hegemonies, singularity, and non-foundational praxis. In recent years, his work have been increasingly translated and discussed in different countries like Italy or Mexico; in 2025, an anthology remarked that academic interest in Schürmann's philosophical work had grown notably.
Hollywood/Western station
Hollywood/Western station is an underground rapid transit station on the B Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located under Hollywood Boulevard at its intersection with Western Avenue. The station serves the East Hollywood area including Thai Town and Little Armenia.

Thai Town, Los Angeles
Thai Town (Thai: ไทยทาวน์) is a neighborhood in Central Los Angeles, California.  In 2008, it was one of the five Asian Pacific Islander neighborhoods in the city—along with Chinatown, Little Tokyo,  Historic Filipinotown, and Koreatown—that received federal recognition as a Preserve America neighborhood. It is the only officially recognized Thai Town in the United States.
Lyaskovets Peak
Lyaskovets Peak (Bulgarian: връх Лясковец, romanized: vrah Lyaskovets, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈʎaskovɛt͡s]) is the easternmost peak of Friesland Ridge in the Tangra Mountains, eastern Livingston Island and has an elevation of 1,473 m. The peak is bounded by Catalunyan Saddle on the west and Shipka Saddle on the east, and is heavily glaciated and crevassed, with precipitous western, southern and eastern slopes. It surmounts Huron Glacier to the northwest and northeast, and Macy Glacier and Brunow Bay area to the south.  Its northern offshoot forms Zograf Peak, and is linked to Lozen Nunatak, Erma Knoll and Aheloy Nunatak in Huron Glacier.

The peak is named after Lyaskovets, a town in central northern Bulgaria.

Levski Peak (Antarctica)
Levski Peak (Bulgarian: връх Левски, romanized: vrah Levski, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈɫɛfski]) is a mountain in Antarctica, rising to approximately 1,430 m (4,692 ft) in the western extremity of Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It surmounts Huron Glacier to the north and Macy Glacier to the south.  The peak was named after Vasil Levski (1837–1873), a national hero of the Bulgarian liberation movement.
National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.

Personal anthem
The anthem for a person, office or rank is music played on formal or ceremonial occasions in the presence of the person, office-holder, or rank-holder, especially by a military band. The head of state in many countries is honored with a prescribed piece of music; in some countries the national anthem serves this purpose, while others have a separate royal, presidential, or, historically, imperial anthem. Other officials may also have anthems, such as the vice-regal salute in several Commonwealth realms for the Governor-General, Governor, or Lieutenant Governor. Ruffles and flourishes may be played instead of, or preceding, such an anthem.
Canolo
Canolo is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 901 and an area of 28.2 square kilometres (10.9 sq mi).

Canolo borders the following municipalities: Agnana Calabra, Cittanova, Gerace, Mammola, San Giorgio Morgeto.

Cittanova
Cittanova is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria.

Located on the slopes of Aspromonte and facing the Gioia Tauro plain, it is characterized by the presence of numerous churches and a public park which extends for 2.65 hectares (6.55 ac).
Peter Angelos
Peter George Angelos (born George Angelos; July 4, 1929 – March 23, 2024) was an American trial lawyer and baseball executive from Baltimore, Maryland. Angelos was the majority owner of the Baltimore Orioles, a team in the American League of Major League Baseball, from 1993 until his death in 2024.

University of Baltimore School of Law
The University of Baltimore School of Law is one of the four colleges that make up the University of Baltimore, which is part of the University System of Maryland. The UBalt School of Law is one of only two law schools in the state of Maryland, the other being the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. The University of Baltimore School of Law is housed in the John and Frances Angelos Law Center, at the northeast corner of West Mount Royal Avenue and North Charles Street on the University of Baltimore campus in the city's Mt. Vernon cultural district. The 12-story building, designed by German architect Stefan Behnisch, opened in April 2013 and was rated LEED-Platinum by the U.S. Green Building Council.
Guliston District
Guliston is a district of Sirdaryo Region in Uzbekistan. The capital lies at the town Dehqonobod. It has an area of 350 km2 (140 sq mi) and its population is 74,100 (2021 est.). The district consists of 5 urban-type settlements (Dehqonobod, Hulkar, Beshbuloq, Ulugʻbek, Xalqakoʻl) and 9 rural communities.

Dehqonobod, Uzbekistan
Dehqonobod (Uzbek: Dehqonobod/Деҳқонобод, Russian: Дехканабад) is an urban-type settlement in Sirdaryo Region, Uzbekistan. It is the administrative center of Guliston District. The town population in 1989 was 9687 people.
Messatida
Messatida (Greek: Μεσσάτιδα) is a former municipality in Achaea, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Patras, of which it is a municipal unit. The seat of the municipality was in Ovria. It is located south of Patras city centre, and stretches from the urbanized plains near the Gulf of Patras to the Omplos hills in the east. It has an area of 66.366 km².

Messatida was named after the ancient Achaean town Mesatis, according to local legend the place where Dionysus was reared.

Mesatis
Mesatis (Ancient Greek: Μεσάτις) was a town of ancient Achaea, in the neighbourhood of Patrae. It is said to have been founded by the Ionians, when they occupied the country. After their expulsion,, the Achaean hero Patreus withdrew the inhabitants from Antheia and Mesatis to Aroë, which he enlarged and called Patrae after himself. The city's acropolis probably continued to be called Aroë, which was often synonymous with Patrae. In the war between the Achaeans and the Romans, Patrae suffered so severely that most residents left for the surrounding villages of Mesatis, Antheia, Bolina, Argyra, and Arba.

Its site is unlocated. The modern Messatida takes its name from the ancient place.
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
The Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (北海道日本ハムファイターズ, Hokkaidō Nippon-Hamu Faitāzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team based in Kitahiroshima, Hokkaidō, in the Sapporo metropolitan area. They compete in the Pacific League of Nippon Professional Baseball, playing the majority of their home games at ES CON Field Hokkaido. The Fighters also host a select number of regional home games in cities across Hokkaidō, including Hakodate, Asahikawa, Kushiro, and Obihiro. The team's name comes from its parent organization, Nippon Ham, a major Japanese food-processing company.

Founded in 1946, the Fighters called Tokyo home for 58 years, as co-tenants of the Tokyo Dome and Korakuen Stadium with the Central League's Yomiuri Giants near the end of their tenure in the capital city. The franchise has won three Japan Series titles, in 1962, 2006, and, most recently, 2016.

Keiji Ohsawa
Keiji Ohsawa (大沢 啓二, Ohsawa Keiji; born March 14, 1932 – October 7, 2010) was a Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball outfielder. He played for the Nankai Hawks and Tokyo Orions. He later managed the Lotte Orions and Nippon-Ham Fighters.
Reginald Kerr Manning
Reginald Kerr Manning (1 August 1866 – 29 October 1943) was a prominent Australian equity, bankruptcy and probate barrister.  With Sir George Rich he established and edited The Bankruptcy and Company Law Cases of New South Wales.

Willandra, Ryde
Willandra is a heritage-listed former service station and homestead and now community facility located at 782 Victoria Road, Ryde, New South Wales, Australia. Its design is attributed to William Weaver: 47  and built from 1841 to 1844 by James Devlin. It is also known as the Ryde House. The property is owned by the City of Ryde council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

The house is completed in the Colonial Georgian architectural style. During the 1970s the house was in danger of being demolished but it was purchased by the City of Ryde Council with the assistance of the Australian Government and has been restored. It is now used by local community groups.
Saccule
The saccule (Latin: sacculus) is a bed of sensory cells in the inner ear that detects linear acceleration and head tilting in the vertical plane, and converts these vibrations into electrical impulses to be interpreted by the brain. When the head accelerates vertically, the sensory cells of the saccule are moved due to a combination of inertia and gravity. In response, the neurons connected to the saccule transmit electrical impulses that represent this movement to the brain.  These impulses travel along the vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII) to the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem.

The vestibular system is important for balance, or equilibrium.  It includes the saccule, utricle, and the three semicircular canals.  The vestibule is the name of the fluid-filled, membranous duct that contains these organs of balance and is in turn encased in the temporal bone of the skull as a part of the inner ear.

Vestibule of the ear
The vestibule is the central part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear, and is situated medial to the eardrum, behind the cochlea, and in front of the three semicircular canals.

The name comes from the Latin vestibulum, literally an entrance hall.
Sir David Reid, 1st Baronet
Sir David Douglas Reid, 1st Baronet, JP (24 August 1872 – 23 March 1939) was the Unionist Member of Parliament for Down from 1922 until his death in 1939.

Only son of Joseph Reid, of 22 Elmwood Avenue, Belfast, he attended Queens College, Belfast and New College, Oxford, graduating with 1st Class Honours in History. He then became a barrister at the Inner Temple and was called to the Bar in 1898. He contested East Tyrone in 1910 before becoming a Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for East Down from 1918 to 1922, when the constituency was abolished. He was Chairman of the Ulster Unionist Party at Westminster.

In 1936, when appointed Sheriff of Down, he was created a Baronet, of Rademon. (Prior to his creation as a baronet, he was known as "D. D. Reid".) Upon his death the baronetcy became extinct.

Sir David died in Brown's Hotel, London and was buried in Kilmore, Crossgar, County Down.

High Sheriff of Down
The High Sheriff of Down is the Sovereign's judicial representative in County Down. Initially an office for lifetime, assigned by the Sovereign, the High Sheriff became annually appointed from the Provisions of Oxford in 1258. Besides his judicial importance, he has ceremonial and administrative functions and executes High Court Writs.
Bethania Chapel, Aberdare
Bethania was a Calvinistic Methodist chapel in Aberdare, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, which seated 550 people. Located near the centre of Aberdare, it had a somewhat concealed entrance and was approached up a long flight of steps.

The chapel was designated a Grade II-listed building on 1 October 1991. It closed in the early 1990s and has now been demolished.

Aberdare
Aberdare (/ˌæbərˈdɛər/ ab-ər-DAIR; Welsh: Aberdâr ⓘ) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon. Aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). Aberdare is 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Merthyr Tydfil, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of Cardiff and 22 miles (35 km) east-north-east of Swansea. During the 19th century it became a thriving industrial settlement, which was also notable for the vitality of its cultural life and as an important publishing centre.
Ballina, New South Wales
Ballina (/bælɪnə/ BAL-i-na) is a town in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia, and the seat of the Ballina Shire local government area. It lies 740 km (460 mi) north of Sydney and 185 km (115 mi) south of Brisbane. Ballina's urban population at the end of 2021 was 46,190.

The town lies on the Richmond River and serves as a gateway to Byron Bay.

Ballina is located on the ancestral land of the Bundjalung people, who are its traditional owners and original inhabitants. Archaeological evidence demonstrates Bundjalung occupation of the region for at least 6000 years.

Pacific Highway (Australia)
The Pacific Highway is a national highway and major transport route of 790 kilometres (490 mi) along the east coast of Australia from Sydney to Brisbane. It is an integral part of Highway 1 which circumnavigates the Australian continent.  At its inception, the highway was a single carriageway between Sydney and Brisbane. In Australian culture and as a tourist drive, it remains so. Over time, segments of the highway have been upgraded, realigned, or renamed. Between 1996 and 2020, sections of the highway were upgraded to controlled-access highway (motorway) standards.
Oberaarsee
Oberaarsee is a hydroelectric reservoir in the Grimsel area, part of the municipality of Guttannen,  Switzerland. Its surface area is 1.47 km2 (0.57 sq mi). The Oberaar dam was completed in 1953, and is operated by Kraftwerke Oberhasli. It is drained by the Oberaarbach, which flows into the Grimselsee.

The Oberaar glacier is located west of the lake.

Oberaargletscher
The Oberaargletscher (German: [ˈoːbəraːrˌglɛtʃər]), literally "Upper Aare-Glacier", is a 4 km (2.5 mi) long glacier (2005) situated in the Bernese Alps in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. In 1973 it had an area of 5.82 km2 (2.25 sq mi). The lower end of this glacier lies almost 400 m higher than the (original) lower end of neighbouring Unteraargletscher.
The Shops at Pickering City Centre
The Shops at Pickering City Centre (formerly known as Pickering Town Centre (PTC)) is a large regional shopping mall located in Pickering, Ontario, Canada. Opened in 1972 as Pickering Sheridan Mall, the mall has over 150 stores.

Pickering, Ontario
Pickering (2021 population 99,186) is a city located in Southern Ontario, Canada, immediately east of Toronto in Durham Region.

Beginning in the 1770s, the area was settled by primarily British colonists. An increase in population occurred after the American Revolutionary War, when the Crown resettled Loyalists and encouraged new immigration. Many of the smaller rural communities have been preserved and function as provincially significant historic sites and museums. The city also includes the Pickering Casino Resort, a multi-billion-dollar casino complex.
National Personnel Records Center
The National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) is an agency of the National Archives and Records Administration, created in 1966. It is part of the United States National Archives federal records center system and is divided into two large Federal Records Centers located in St. Louis, Missouri, and Valmeyer, Illinois.  The term "National Personnel Records Center" is often used to describe both the physical Military Personnel Records Center facility and as a broader term for all records centers in the St. Louis area.  To differentiate, the broader collection is occasionally called the "National Personnel Records Centers".

Military Personnel Records Center
The Military Personnel Records Center (NPRC-MPR) is a branch of the National Personnel Records Center and is the repository of over 56 million military personnel records and medical records pertaining to retired, discharged, and deceased veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces.

Its facility is located at 1 Archives Drive in Spanish Lake, a census-designated place in St. Louis County, Missouri, near St. Louis. Its former location was in Overland.
Khitan language
Khitan or Kitan ( in large script or  in small, Khitai; Chinese: 契丹語, Qìdānyǔ), also known as Liao, is an extinct language once spoken in Northeast Asia by the Khitan people (4th to 13th century CE). It was the official language of the Liao Empire (907–1125) and the Qara Khitai (1124–1218). Owing to a narrow corpus of known words and a partially undeciphered script, the language has yet to be completely reconstructed.

History of Liao
The History of Liao, or Liao Shi (Liáo Shǐ), is an official Chinese historical work compiled during the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), under the direction of the historian Toqto'a (Tuotuo), and finalized in 1344. Based on Khitan's primary sources and other previous official Chinese records, it details the Khitan people, Khitan's tribal life and traditions, as well as the official histories of the Liao dynasty and its successor, the Western Liao dynasty.
Business House, Novosibirsk
Business House (Russian: Деловой дом) is a constructivist building in Tsentralny City District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It is located on the corner of Krasny Avenue and Lenin Street. The building is a part of the architectural ensemble of Lenin Square. It was built in 1928. Architects: D. F. Fridman, I. A. Burlakov.

Lenin Street, Novosibirsk
Lenin Street (Russian: Улица Ленина) is a street in Tsentralny and Zheleznodorozhny districts of Novosibirsk, Russia. It starts from Krasny Avenue, runs west, crosses Sovetskaya and Uritsky streets, Street of Revolution, forms a crossroad with Dimitrov Avenue, then turns north-west, crosses Komsomolsky Avenue, 1905 Year Street and forms a crossroads with Dmitry Shamshurin and Zheleznodorozhny streets.