hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arabic calligraphy
Arabic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy based on the Arabic alphabet. It is known in Arabic as khatt (Arabic: خَطّ), derived from the words 'line', 'design', or 'construction'. Kufic is the oldest form of the Arabic script.

From an artistic point of view, Arabic calligraphy has been known and appreciated for its diversity and great potential for development. In fact, it has been linked in Arabic culture to various fields such as religion, art, architecture, education and craftsmanship, which in turn have played an important role in its advancement.

Although most Islamic calligraphy is in Arabic and most Arabic calligraphy is Islamic, the two are not identical. Coptic or other Christian manuscripts in Arabic, for example, have made use of calligraphy. Likewise, there is Islamic calligraphy in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.

Muhaqqaq
Muhaqqaq is one of the main six types of calligraphic script in Arabic. The Arabic word muḥaqqaq (محقَّق) means "consummate" or "clear", and originally was used to denote any accomplished piece of calligraphy.

Often used to copy maṣāḥif (singular muṣḥaf, i.e. loose sheets of Quran texts), this intricate type of script was considered one of the most beautiful, as well as one of the most difficult to execute well. The script saw its greatest use in the Mamluk Sultanate era (1250–1516/1517).

In the Ottoman Empire, it was gradually displaced by Thuluth and Naskh; from the 18th century onward, its use was largely restricted to the Basmala in Hilyas.
Suichuan County
Suichuan County (simplified Chinese: 遂川县; traditional Chinese: 遂川縣; pinyin: Suìchuān Xiàn) is a county in the southwest of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hunan province to the southwest. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Ji'an, and is its southernmost county-level division.

Ji'an
Ji'an (Chinese: 吉安; pinyin: Jí'ān) is a prefecture-level city situated in the central region of Jiangxi province of the People's Republic of China and bordering Hunan province to the west. It has an area of 25,219 km2 (9,737 sq mi) and as of the 2020 census, had a population of 4,469,176, of whom 643,399 live in the built-up (or metro) area made of 2 urban districts. Ji'an lies next to the Luoxiao Mountains (罗霄山脉) with the Gan River running through the middle of the city. Local dialects include a form of Gan Chinese (Jicha subgroup, 吉茶片) as well as Hakka Chinese.

Ji'an (吉安)  is an abbreviation of its original name "吉泰民安" (pinyin: Jítài Mín'ān). It has also formerly been known as Luling (廬陵) and Jizhou (吉州).
Southport, KwaZulu-Natal
Southport is a small coastal village on the South Coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and an extension of the coastal town of Port Shepstone in the Ray Nkonyeni Local Municipality.

Southport is situated on the R102 regional route, approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) northeast of Port Shepstone, between Sea Park to the south and Anerley to the north.

Anerley, South Africa
Anerley is a coastal village situated along the South Coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

The village is a holiday resort some 111 km (69 mi) south-west of Durban and 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Port Shepstone Central and is said to be named after Anerley, a district in the south-east of London.
Riverdale Temple
The Riverdale Temple is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue located at 4545 Independence Avenue, in the Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City, New York, United States. The congregation was founded in 1947.

In 2009, the rabbi was Judith S. Lewis. In July 2015, Rabbi Lewis retired and was succeeded by Rabbi Thomas Gardner.

Riverdale, Bronx
Riverdale is a residential neighborhood in the northwestern portion of the New York City borough of the Bronx. Riverdale, which had a population of 47,850 as of the 2000 United States census, contains the city's northernmost point at the University of Mount Saint Vincent. Riverdale's boundaries are disputed, but it is commonly agreed to be bordered by Yonkers to the north, Van Cortlandt Park and Broadway to the east, the Kingsbridge neighborhood to the southeast, either the Harlem River or the Spuyten Duyvil neighborhood to the south, and the Hudson River to the west. Riverdale Avenue is the primary north–south thoroughfare through Riverdale.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community District 8, and its ZIP Codes include 10463 and 10471. The area is patrolled by the 50th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
Roger Allestry
Roger Allestry (ca. 1620 – 1 February 1665) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1665.

Allestry was the son of Thomas Allestry of Alvaston, Derbyshire and his second wife Constance Isley. He was a commissioner for assessment at Derby in 1657 and from 1660 until his death. He was also town clerk from January 1660 and commissioner for the peace from 1661.

In 1660 Allestry was elected member of parliament for Derby and was re-elected without contest in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament.  He held the seat until his death in 1665.

Allestry married Sarah Bradshaw, daughter of William Bradshaw of Derby on 28 September 1637. Their son William was also MP for Derby.

William Allestry (died 1700)
William Allestry (ca. 1642 – ca. 1700) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1685 to 1689.

Allestry was the son of Roger Allestry of  Alvaston, Derbyshire and his wife Sarah Bradshaw, daughter of William Bradshaw of Derby. His father had been MP for Derby.

He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford and at Gray's Inn. He was commissioner for assessment at Derby from 1673 to 1680 and a J.P. for Derbyshire from 1680. He was High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1683.

In 1685 Allestry was elected unopposed as Member of Parliament for Derby and  held the seat until 1689. He played little part in parliament and was unsuccessful when he stood in 1690. Soon after he sold his estates at Walton-on-Trent and moved to Middlesex where he was a J.P.

Allestry died around 1700, "in great perplexity and trouble by reason of his debts".

Allestry married in 1668 Frances Lorymer, daughter of John Lorymer, apothecary of London.
Hausen, Thuringia
Hausen (German pronunciation: [ˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the municipality Niederorschel.

Niederorschel
Niederorschel (German pronunciation: [ˈniːdɐˌʔɔʁʃl̩], lit. 'Lower Orschel', in contrast to "Upper Orschel") is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. The former municipalities Deuna, Gerterode, Hausen and Kleinbartloff were merged into Niederorschel in January 2019. It further includes the localities of Niederorschel, Oberorschel, and Rüdigershagen.
Jangdam
Jangdam (Chinese: 江当乡) is a village and township of Samzhubzê District (Shigatse City), in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. At the time of the 2010 census, the township had a population of 4,951 and an area of 304 square kilometres (117 sq mi). It is the location of the Shigatse Peace Airport serving the city., it had 15 villages under its administration.

Samzhubzê, Xigazê
Samzhubzê District (also spelled Sangzhuzi District, Samdruptse District) is a district in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the China, and the administrative center of the prefecture-level city of Shigatse (Tibetan Pinyin: Xigazê). Prior to 2014 it was known as the county-level city of Shigatse. It was the ancient capital of Ü-Tsang province and is the second largest city in Tibet with an estimated population of 117,000 in 2013. Samzhubzê is located at the confluence of the Yarlung Tsangpo River and the Nyang River (Nyang Chu or Nyanchue), about 250 km (160 mi) southwest of Lhasa and 90 km (56 mi) northwest of Gyantse, at an altitude of 3,840 metres (12,600 ft).
2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.

New Zealand Māori rugby league team
The New Zealand Māori rugby league team is a rugby league representative side made up of New Zealand Māori players.

With some controversy, the team participated in the 2000 World Cup as Aotearoa Māori. The Super League International Board had agreed to give a place in their World Cup to the New Zealand Māori team as they attempted to gain allies during the Super League war. Despite that World Cup not taking place, the Rugby League International Federation repeated the offer for the 2000 World Cup when it replaced the Super League International Board following the end of the dispute.
System 7
System 7 (later named Mac OS 7) is the seventh major release of the classic Mac OS operating system for Macintosh computers, made by Apple Computer. It was launched on May 13, 1991, to succeed System 6 with virtual memory, personal file sharing, QuickTime, TrueType fonts, the Force Quit dialog, and an improved user interface.

It was code-named "Big Bang" in development and the initial release was named "The System" or "System" like all earlier versions. With version 7.5.1, the name "Mac OS" debuted on the boot screen, and the operating system was officially renamed to Mac OS in 1997 with version 7.6. The Mac OS 7 line was the longest-lasting major version of the Classic Mac OSes due to the troubled development of Copland, an operating system intended to be the successor to OS 7 before its cancellation and replacement with Mac OS 8.

Open Transport
Open Transport was the name given by Apple Inc. to its implementation of the Unix-originated System V STREAMS networking stack. Based on code licensed from Mentat's Portable Streams product, Open Transport was built to provide the classic Mac OS with a modern TCP/IP implementation, replacing MacTCP. Apple also added its own implementation of AppleTalk to the stack to support legacy networks.
Highland Mills, New York
Highland Mills is a hamlet and former census-designated place (CDP) in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 3,468 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Highland Mills is in the town and village of Woodbury adjacent to the New York State Thruway (Interstate 87). The U.S. Census Bureau ceased counting Highland Mills as a separate designated place when the town of Woodbury incorporated as a village.

Woodbury, Orange County, New York
Woodbury is a town and village in Orange County, New York, United States. The town population was 12,197 at the 2020 census. The village was incorporated in 2006 and comprises all of the town that is not part of the village of Harriman. The region was once called Woodbury Clove. It is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh metropolitan area as well as the larger New York metropolitan area. Woodbury is in the southeastern part of Orange County. The town also has four schools, which are part of the Monroe-Woodbury Central school District.
Counties 1 Southern North
Counties 1 Southern North (formerly known as Southern Counties North) is a division at level 7 of the English rugby union system. When league rugby first began in 1987 it was known as Southern Counties but since 1996 the division was split into two regional leagues – Southern Counties North and Southern Counties South. Counties 1 Southern North currently sits at the seventh tier of club rugby union in England and features teams based in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. The league champions at the end of each season are automatically promoted to Regional 2 South Central. Relegated teams usually drop to Counties 2 Berks/Bucks & Oxon (North) or Counties 2 Berks/Bucks & Oxon (South).

Regional 2 Thames
Regional 2 Thames is an English level 6 rugby union regional league for rugby clubs in London and the south-east of England including sides from  Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Greater London, Hertfordshire, Middlesex and Surrey. It was created following the 2022 Adult Competition Review by the Rugby Football Union (RFU). London Scottish Lions are the 2024–25 champions.
Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia)
The Old Burying Ground (also known as St. Paul's Church Cemetery) is a historic cemetery in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is located at the intersection of Barrington Street and Spring Garden Road in Downtown Halifax.

Battle of Grand Pré
The Battle of Grand Pré, also known as the Battle of Minas and the Grand Pré Massacre, was a battle in the mid-18th century King George's War that took place between British colonial troops and Canadian, Mi'kmaq, and Acadian forces at present-day Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia in the winter of 1747 during the War of the Austrian Succession. The New England forces were contained to Annapolis Royal and wanted to secure the head of the Bay of Fundy. Led by Nicolas Antoine II Coulon de Villiers and Louis de la Corne, Chevalier de la Corne under orders from Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, the French forces surprised and defeated a force of Massachusetts provincials and rangers that were quartered in the village.
Plowshares movement
The Plowshares movement is an anti-nuclear weapons and Christian pacifist movement that advocates active resistance to war. The group often practices a form of protest that involves the damaging of weapons and military property. The movement gained notoriety in the early 1980s when several members damaged nuclear warhead nose cones and were subsequently convicted. The name refers to the text of prophet Isaiah who said that swords shall be beaten into plowshares.

Christian pacifism
Christian pacifism is the theological and ethical position according to which pacifism and non-violence have both a scriptural and rational basis for Christians, and affirms that any form of violence is incompatible with the Christian faith. Christian pacifists state that Jesus himself was a pacifist who taught and practiced pacifism and that his followers must do likewise. Notable Christian pacifists include Martin Luther King Jr., Leo Tolstoy, Adin Ballou, Dorothy Day, Ammon Hennacy, and brothers Daniel and Philip Berrigan.

Christian anarchists, such as Ballou and Hennacy, believe that adherence to Christianity requires not just pacifism but, because governments inevitably threatened or used force to resolve conflicts, anarchism. Most Christian pacifists, including the peace churches, Christian Peacemaker Teams, and individuals like John Howard Yoder, make no claim to be anarchists.
Oya, Malaysia
Oya is a town and the administrative centre of the subdistrict of the same name in Mukah Division, in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It is located near the mouth of Oya River with the South China Sea. Oya is about 26 kilometres (16 miles) to the west of Mukah, the division's administrative town.

The population of the town was 6,027 in 2020.

Oya has a secondary school, namely Oya National Secondary School (Malay: Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Oya). It also has primary schools: Datu Pengiran Mohamad National School (Sekolah Kebangsaan Datu Pengiran Mohamad), Yak Tee (Chinese) National-Type School (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Yak Tee), KG Senau National School (Sekolah Kebangsaan KG Senau), Kampung Bakong Terus National School (Sekolah Kebangsaan Kampung Bakong Terus), KPG Teh National School (Sekolah Kebangsaan KPG Teh).

Mukah
Mukah (muːkəh), historically known as Muka, is a coastal town which has served as the capital and the administrative center of the Mukah Division since 1 March 2002.

The district also covers an area of 2,536 square kilometres (979 sq mi) with a population about 49,900 in the Mukah town and 18,800 in the Dalat administrative town of Dalat District.

It is located on the Borneo island, by the South China Sea, about 2 hours by road from the city of Sibu. Mukah is also accessible by air by MASwings from Kuching and Miri. The duration of both flights is about one hour. There are also speed boats connecting the town of Dalat (about 30 kilometres [19 mi] from Mukah) to Sibu. The speed boat trip takes approximately 2 hours.
Pesma za Evroviziju '25
Pesma za Evroviziju '25 (Serbian Cyrillic: Песма за Евровизију '25; PzE '25) was the fourth edition of Pesma za Evroviziju, the national final organised by Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) to select the Serbian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2025. The selection consisted of two semi-finals held on 25 and 26 February 2025, respectively, and a final on 28 February 2025, all presented by Dragana Kosjerina and Kristina Radenković.

Pesma za Evroviziju
Pesma za Evroviziju (Serbian Cyrillic: Песма за Евровизију, lit. 'A Song for Eurovision') is a Serbian song contest organized by Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) in collaboration with SkyMusic. Since its inception in 2022, it has been used to select the Serbian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest.
Catlin Gabel School
The Catlin Gabel School (Catlin Gabel, Catlin, or CGS) is a private preschool–12 school located in West Haven-Sylvan in Washington County, Oregon, with a Portland, Oregon postal address. Annual enrollment is approximately 780 students from across the Portland metro area.

West Haven-Sylvan, Oregon
West Haven-Sylvan is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Washington and Multnomah counties, Oregon, United States, north of U.S. Route 26. As of the 2020 census, the CDP population was 9,299, up from 8,001 in 2010.
Lübbenau (Spreewald) station
Lübbenau (German: Bahnhof Lübbenau) is a railway statiion located in Lübbenau, Germany. The station is located on the Berlin–Görlitz railway and Lübbenau–Kamenz railway. The train services are operated by DB Regio Nordost and Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn (ODEG).

In the 2026 timetable the following lines stop at the station:

Until mid-December 2014 the station was also served by EuroCity "Wawel", which used to run once daily between Berlin Hauptbahnhof and Wrocław Główny.

Lübbenau–Kamenz railway
The Lübbenau-Kamenz railway is a single-track main line in the German states of Brandenburg and Saxony, which was originally built and operated by the Berlin-Görlitz Railway Company (German: Berlin-Görlitzer Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft). It branches from the Berlin–Görlitz railway in Lübbenau and runs via Calau and Senftenberg to Kamenz in Saxony. It connects there with the Kamenz–Pirna railway.
Daryl Jackson
Daryl Sanders Jackson AO (7 February 1937 – 21 February 2026) was an Australian architect and the owner of an international architecture firm, Jackson Architecture. Jackson also became an associate professor at University of Melbourne and Deakin University.

Wesley College, Melbourne
Wesley College is a co-educational, open-entry private school in Melbourne, Australia. Established in 1866, the college is the only school in Victoria to offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) from early childhood to Year 12.

The college consists of three main metropolitan campuses in Melbourne, St Kilda Road, Glen Waverley and Elsternwick, residential/boarding facilities (Glen Waverley), three outdoor education sites (Mallana, Chum Creek, & Lochend), a year 9 residential learning campus in Clunes and the Yiramalay/Wesley Studio School (Yiramalay) in the Kimberley Region.

Wesley was the first registered school in Australia and is a founding member of the Associated Public Schools of Victoria (APS). It is affiliated with the Independent Primary School Heads of Australia, the Association of Independent Schools of Victoria, the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia and the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Moisés Ville
Moisés Ville (Spanish pronunciation: [mojsesˈviʃe]; Yiddish: מאָזעסוויל) is a small town (comuna) in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, founded on 23 October 1889 by Eastern European and Russian Jews escaping pogroms and persecution. The original name  was Kiryat Moshe ("Town of Moses" in Hebrew) named by Rabbi Aharon Halevi Goldman, the spiritual and community leader. He explained that just as Moses had brought the Jews out of slavery in Egypt and led them to a free country, this community had left behind the tyranny of Russia to make its way to Argentina. David Horovits translated the name to Moïsesville which was later hispanized to the current Moisés Ville. The town is located about 177 km (110 mi) from the provincial capital, in the San Cristóbal Department and 616 km (383 mi) from Buenos Aires. It had 2,425 inhabitants at the 2010 census [INDEC].

Jewish Colonisation Association
The Jewish Colonisation Association (JCA or ICA; (Yiddish/Hebrew: יק"א)) was an organisation created on September 11, 1891, by Baron Maurice de Hirsch. Its aim was to facilitate the mass emigration of Jews from Russia and other Eastern European countries, by settling them in agricultural settlements on lands purchased by the committee in North America (Canada and the United States), South America (Argentina and Brazil) and Palestine (then part of the Ottoman Empire). Today ICA is still active in Israel in supporting specific development projects under the name Jewish Charitable Association (ICA).
Kelvin Chukwu
Senator Kelvin Chukwu is a Nigerian politician of the Labour Party and Senator representing Enugu East Senatorial District. The Labour Party nominated him as a replacement to his elder brother Oyibo Chukwu who was assassinated along Amechi town,  three days before the 25 February presidential and National Assembly elections.

Oyibo Chukwu
Oyibo Chukwu was a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He was a former chairman of Nigerian Bar Association in Enugu State. Chukwu of the Labour Party, though running against a current senator and a former governor of Enugu State, Chimaroke Nnamani of the PDP, was a leading candidate for Enugu East Senatorial District in the 2023 presidential and National Assembly elections. He was assassinated on 22 February 2023, just three days before the election.