hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (known as IISERK or IISER Kolkata) is a public autonomous research institute in science and education field located in Mohanpur near the town of Kalyani in Nadia, West Bengal, India. It was established by the Ministry of Education, Government of India on 11 July 2006 and promoted to the status of an Institute of National Importance in 2012 vide the NIT Amendment Act. It is one of seven Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research, and was one of the first IISERs to be established along with IISER Pune. It is considered to be one of the leading institutes of India in terms of research output. In 2022, it was ranked fourth among the academic institutions in India by the Nature Index in 2022. The current director of IISER Kolkata is Prof Sunil Kumar Khare.

Kalyani, West Bengal
Kalyani is a city and a municipality & BDO in the Nadia district of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of Kalyani subdivision and part of the Presidency division. Kalyani is a part of the area covered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
Ishibashi Park
Ishibashi Park (石橋記念公園, Ishibashi Kinen Kōen) is a park in Hama-machi, Kagoshima, Japan. At the end of the Edo period (late 19th century), local lord Shimazu Shigehide had five bridges, collectively called the Gosekkyō ("five stone bridges"), built across the Kōtsuki River. Two of them collapsed in floods in 1993. The remaining three were moved to a new location and restored. Ishibashi Park consists of these three bridges and a museum.

Bombardment of Kagoshima
The Bombardment of Kagoshima, also known as the Anglo-Satsuma War (薩英戦争, Satsu-Ei Sensō), was a military engagement fought between Britain and the Satsuma Domain in Kagoshima from 15 to 17 August 1863. The British were attempting to extract compensation and legal justice from daimyo Shimazu Tadayoshi for the 1862 Namamugi incident.

The engagement began when a Royal Navy fleet commanded by Sir Augustus Kuper was fired on from Satsuma coastal batteries near Kagoshima. The British retaliated by bombarding the city, but were unable to gain a conclusive victory and retreated two days later. The Satsuma declared victory and, after negotiations, fulfilled some British demands regarding the Namamugi incident.
Pentito
Pentito (Italian pronunciation: [penˈtiːto]; lit. "repentant"; plural: pentiti) is used colloquially to designate collaborators of justice in Italian criminal procedure terminology who were formerly part of criminal organizations and decided to collaborate with a public prosecutor. The judicial category of pentiti was originally created in 1970s to combat violence and terrorism during the period of left-wing and right-wing terrorism known as the Years of Lead. During the 1986–87 Maxi Trial and after the testimony of Tommaso Buscetta, the term was increasingly applied to former members of organized crime in Italy who had abandoned their organization and started helping investigators.

Turn state's evidence
A criminal turns state's evidence by admitting guilt and testifying as a witness for the state against their associate(s) or accomplice(s), often in exchange for leniency in sentencing or immunity from prosecution. The testimony of a witness who testifies against co-conspirator(s) may be important evidence.

According to a 2008 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime document, persons who turn state's evidence "are known by a variety of names, including cooperating witnesses, crown witnesses, snitches, witness collaborators, justice collaborators, state witnesses, 'supergrasses', macarons and pentiti (Italian for 'those who have repented')."
117th Fighter Aviation Regiment
The 117th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Serbo-Croatian: 117. lovački avijacijski puk / 117. ловачки авијацијски пук) was a unit established in 1944 as the 112th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Serbo-Croatian: 112. vazduhoplovni lovački puk / 112. ваздухопловни ловачки пук). It was formed from Yugoslav partisan aviators, who were trained and equipped by the Soviet Air Force. The regiment was deployed in the Croatian War of Independence, and is believed to be responsible of the 1991 raid on Vrsar.

Yakovlev Yak-1
The Yakovlev Yak-1 (Russian: Яковлев Як-1) was a Soviet fighter aircraft of World War II. The Yak-1 was a single-seat monoplane with a composite structure and wooden wings; production began in early 1940.

The Yak-1 was a maneuverable, fast and competitive fighter aircraft. The composite-wooden structure made it easy to maintain and the engine proved to be reliable. It formed the basis for subsequent developments from the Yakovlev bureau and was the founder of a family of aircraft, with some 43,000 being built. As a reward, designer Alexander Yakovlev was awarded the Order of Lenin (Russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina) (the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union), a 100,000 ruble prize, and a ZIS motor car.
Christchurch Girls' High School
Christchurch Girls' High School (Māori: Te Kura o Hine Waiora) in Christchurch, New Zealand, was established in 1877 and is the second oldest girls-only secondary school in the country, after Otago Girls' High School.

Parker–Hulme murder case
The Parker–Hulme murder case was the murder of Honorah Mary Rieper (also known as Honorah Mary Parker) in Christchurch, New Zealand, on 22 June 1954. The perpetrators were Rieper's teenaged daughter Pauline Parker and her friend Juliet Hulme. Parker was 16 at the time, while Hulme was 15.

The murder received wider public attention following the release of Peter Jackson's 1994 film Heavenly Creatures.
Nizampet
Nizampet is a satellite city of Hyderabad and a municipal corporation situated in Bachupally mandal, Medchal-Malkajgiri district of Telangana, India. It is administered as Nizampet Municipal Corporation.

Nizampet lies to the northwestern end of Hyderabad City. It is one of the fastest-growing suburbs around the IT corridor of Hyderabad, because of its affordability and relatively pollution-free environment and despite its water scarcity. In 2018, the government provided municipal water to the area which caused prices to rise.

This place is surrounded by several giant constructions including over 20,000 flats and few villas. There are many colonies in this place where houses and flats are built independently. Because of the silent and upcoming townships, Nizampet has become a popular place for living.

The proposed Outer Ring Road of Hyderabad will be near Nizampet village.

Miyapur
Miyapur (/ˈmiːjɑːpʊər/ MEE-yah-poor), is a neighbourhood in the  northwest of Hyderabad in India, is part of Greater Hyderabad and administered by CMC and developed by HMDA. It is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from IT hub. Transportation is managed by UMTA. Miyapur has many lakes, and upscale residential apartments.

Miyapur is one of Hyderabad's busiest places at the head of the Miyapur – L.B. Nagar metro rail corridor. Industrial facilities include IT, pharmaceutical, apparel and industrial development areas. It is strategically located on NH65, the Pune-Hyderabad-Machilipatnam highway. Contributing to the growth are connectivity via the Miyapur-Gachibowli and Miyapur-Kompally intermediate ring roads, and developments like the Hyderabad Metro and ICBT.
Cruise of the Kings
The Cruise of the Kings (Greek: Η κρουαζιέρα των γαλαζοαίματων, romanized: I krouaziéra ton galazoématon, lit. 'The cruise of the blue-bloods') was a royal cruise around the Mediterranean Sea in the summer of 1954, organised by Queen Frederica and King Paul of Greece.

The cruise aimed to promote tourism in Greece and was drafted by Queen Frederica. It took place from 23 August to 3 September 1954 on the royal yacht Agamemnon. Royals from over 25 reigning and formerly reigning royal families were in attendance. A second cruise was scheduled for August 1956, but the nationalisation of the Suez Canal and its closure by the British government, as well as growing violence in the Levant, prevented the cruise from progressing smoothly; it became a shorter stay in Mon Repos, Corfu.

Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma
Maria Pia Elena Elisabetta Margherita Milena Mafalda Ludovica Tecla Gennara di Savoia (born 24 September 1934), known as Princess Maria Pia of Savoy, is the eldest daughter of Umberto II of Italy and Marie-José of Belgium. She is the older sister of Prince Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy and Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy.
Capella University
Capella University is a private for-profit, online university headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is owned by the publicly traded Strategic Education, Inc. and accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Nearly 44,000 students were enrolled in 2023.

For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.
Bijaya Nagar
Bijaya Nagar is a town and market center located in Pyuthan Municipality in Pyuthan, a Middle Hills district of Lumbini Province, western Nepal. The formerly Village Development Committee along with Pyuthan Khalanga, Bijubar, Dakha Kwadi, Bijaya Nagar, Dharmawati, Maranthana and Khaira was merged to form the new municipality since 18 May 2014.

Dharmawati
Dharmawati is a town and market center in Pyuthan Municipality in Pyuthan, a Middle Hills district of Rapti Zone, western Nepal. The former Village Development Committee along with Pyuthan Khalanga, Bijubar, Dakha Kwadi, Bijaya Nagar, Dharmawati, Maranthana and Khaira were merged to form the new municipality since 18 May 2014.
Bibliotheca Fratrum Polonorum quos Unitarios vocant
The Bibliotheca Fratrum Polonorum quos Unitarios vocant or Library of the Polish Brethren called Unitarians 1665, 1668, 1692 (not 1656 as incorrectly listed in some catalogs) is a collection of writings of the Polish Brethren published by Frans Kuyper, Daniel Bakkamude, and Benedykt's father Andrzej Wiszowaty Sr. (d.1678) in Amsterdam, with Pieter van der Meersche in Leiden.

Many of these works had earlier been printed by Rodecki and Sternacki at the printery of the Racovian Academy 1602-1638.

Polish Brethren
The Polish Brethren (Polish: Bracia Polscy) were members of the Minor Reformed Church of Poland, a nontrinitarian Protestant church that existed in Poland from 1565 to 1658. By those on the outside, they were called "Arians" or "Socinians" (Polish: arianie, socynianie), but themselves preferred simply to be called "Brethren" or "Christians" (and, after their expulsion from Poland, "Unitarians").
Habronematoidea
Habronematoidea is a superfamily of spirurian nematodes in the large order Spirurida. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

Though none of the families placed here are overly diverse, they are quite large except for the monotypic Hedruridae. Consequently, the Habronematoidea are at present the second-largest superfamily of Spirurida, after the Filarioidea which contains the massively speciose Onchocercidae.

The families of the Habronematoidea are:

Cystidicolidae

Habronematidae

Hedruridae

Tetrameridae

Spirurida
Spirurida falls under the phylum Nematoda class Chromadorea and order Rhabditida. They are characterized by their elongated, cylindrical bodies and unsegmented structure. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

Some Spirurida, like the genus Gongylonema, can cause disease in humans. One such disease is a skin infection with Spirurida larvae, called "creeping disease". Some species are known as eyeworms and infect the orbital cavity of animal hosts.
Max Arthur Cohn
Max Arthur Cohn (1903–1998) was an English-born American artist. His family immigrated to the United States when he was two years old.

Cohn was one of the artists employed by the New Deal's Works Progress Administration (WPA) during the Great Depression, painting for the Easel Project and the Public Works of Art Project. At this period he took up silk screening, a technique he had learned in a commercial art studio in 1920. In 1940, Cohn, Anthony Velonis, Hyman Warsager and other artists co-founded the National Serigraph Society.

Anthony Velonis
Anthony Velonis (23 October 1911 – 29 October 1997) was an American painter and designer born in New York City who helped introduce the public to silkscreen printing in the early 20th century. He married Elizabeth Amidon, with whom he had four children.

While employed under the federal Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression, Velonis brought the use of silkscreen printing as a fine art form, referred to as the "serigraph," into the mainstream. By his own request, he was not publicly credited for coining the term.

He experimented and mastered techniques to print on a wide variety of materials, such as glass, plastics, and metal, thereby expanding the field. In the mid to late 20th century, the silkscreen technique became popular among other artists such as Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol.
Hypersonic speed
In aerodynamics, hypersonic speed refers to speeds much faster than the speed of sound, usually more than approximately Mach 5.

The precise Mach number at which a craft can be said to be flying at hypersonic speed varies, since individual physical changes in the airflow (like molecular dissociation and ionization) occur at different speeds; these effects collectively become important around Mach 5–10. The hypersonic regime can also be alternatively defined as speeds where specific heat capacity changes with the temperature of the flow as the kinetic energy of the moving object is converted into heat.

Hypersonic weapons are typically boost-glide vehicles or cruise missiles designed for aerodynamic flight and maneuvering above Mach 5.

High hypersonic speeds are experienced during atmospheric entry. Spaceplanes are designed to be capable of flight in this regime. The North American X-15 and the Space Shuttle orbiter are the only crewed vehicles to fly above Mach 5.

Ramjet
A ramjet is a form of airbreathing jet engine that requires forward motion of the engine to provide air for combustion. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around Mach 3 (2,300 mph; 3,700 km/h) and can operate up to Mach 6 (4,600 mph; 7,400 km/h).

Ramjets can be particularly appropriate in uses requiring a compact mechanism for high speed, such as missiles. Weapons designers are investigating ramjet technology for use in artillery shells to increase range; a 120 mm ramjet-assisted mortar shell is thought to be able to travel 35 km (22 mi). They have been used, though not efficiently, as tip jets on the ends of helicopter rotors.
Vogar (municipality)
Vogar (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈvɔːɣar̥] ⓘ) is a municipality located on the Reykjanes Peninsula in western Iceland, between Reykjavík and Keflavík. Its centre and seat is in the town of Vogar. The town features low-lying terrain and the economy is centered on food production, gas extraction, aquaculture, and tourism services. Covering approximately 165 km2 (64 sq mi), it had around 1,500 residents in 2024. The small community has a tight-knit coastal culture, with recreational facilities and local events emphasizing marine heritage.

Municipalities of Iceland
The municipalities of Iceland (Icelandic: sveitarfélög [ˈsveiːtarˌfjɛːˌlœːɣ]; sing. sveitarfélag [ˈsveiːtarˌfjɛːˌlaːɣ]) are local administrative areas in Iceland that provide a number of services to their inhabitants such as kindergartens, elementary schools, waste management, social services, public housing, public transportation, services to senior citizens and disabled people. They also govern zoning and can voluntarily take on additional functions if they have the budget for it. The autonomy of municipalities over their own matters is guaranteed by the Icelandic constitution.
Bhada
Bhada is a village in Ausa Taluka, Latur district, Maharashtra, India. As of 2011, it has a population of 5,938. The main occupation of the people is agriculture although there are no big rivers in the village. The farming is mostly rain fed and very little is under irrigation.

Bhada is located 12 km away from Ausa and 30 km from the district centre Latur.

Latur district
Latur district (Marathi pronunciation: [laːt̪uːɾ]) is a district in Maharashtra state of India. Latur city is the district headquarters and is the 16th largest city in the state of Maharashtra. The district is primarily agricultural. Urban population comprises 25.47% of the total population.
Dick Seay
Richard William Seay (November 30, 1904 – April 6, 1981) was an American Negro league baseball player who played from 1925 to 1947 for the Brooklyn Royal Giants, Newark Stars, Baltimore Black Sox, Philadelphia Stars, Newark Eagles, Pittsburgh Crawfords, and New York Black Yankees.

Seay was born in West New York, New Jersey, and died in Jersey City, New Jersey. He started his baseball career with the independent Pennsylvania Red Caps of New York, where he played shortstop alongside second baseman Chino Smith. Seay and Smith went on to play professionally in the Negro leagues. Seay served in the military during World War II from 1943 to 1944.

While a player with the Eagles, Seay was part of the "Million Dollar Infield," consisting of Seay, Ray Dandridge, Mule Suttles, and Willie Wells.: p.55

Ray Dandridge
Raymond Emmitt Dandridge (August 31, 1913 – February 12, 1994), nicknamed "Hooks" and "Squat", was an American third baseman in baseball's Negro leagues. Dandridge excelled as a third baseman and he hit for a high batting average. By the time that Major League Baseball was racially integrated, Dandridge was considered too old to play. He worked as a major league scout after his playing career ended. In 1999, Dandridge was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and, late in his life, Dandridge was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987.
FIBA Europe Cup Final MVP
The FIBA Europe Cup Final MVP, previously the Final Four MVP, is an annual award that is given to the best player of the finals of a given FIBA Europe Cup season. The award was handed out in 2016 and 2021, seasons in which there was a final four format. From 2022, the award is given to the best player in the final series.

FIBA Europe Cup
The FIBA Europe Cup (FEC) is an annual professional club basketball competition organised by FIBA for eligible European clubs. It is FIBA Europe's second level competition, but it is usually regarded as the 4th-tier Pan-European competition overall. Clubs mainly qualify based on their performance in national leagues and cup competitions, although this is not the sole deciding factor. The winner is decided by a two-legged final.

The league was founded in 2015 as a replacement of the FIBA EuroChallenge.
Frøyfjorden
Frøyfjorden is a strait between the islands of Frøya and Hitra in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 25-kilometre (16 mi) long strait is rather shallow, only about 100 metres (330 ft) at its deepest. The Frøya Tunnel goes beneath the fjord from Hammarvika in Frøya Municipality to the island of Dolmøya in Hitra Municipality.

Hitra (island)
Hitra is an island in Hitra Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The 571.5-square-kilometre (220.7 sq mi) island is the 7th largest island in Norway (excluding Svalbard) and the largest island south of the Lofoten archipelago. The island lies between the Trondheimsleia strait and the Frøyfjorden, just southwest of the entrance to the Trondheimsfjorden.

Hitra is surrounded by many islands such as Smøla to the southwest; Bispøyan, Helgbustadøya, Dolmøya, and Frøya to the north; Ulvøya, Fjellværsøya, and Leksa to the east; and Hemnskjela and the mainland of Norway to the south.  The 345-metre (1,132 ft) tall Mørkdalstuva is the highest point on the island.

Most of the island's residents live near the coastline. The largest villages on the island are Fillan, Sandstad, Hestvika, Kvenvær, Ansnes, and Melandsjøen.
Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies
The Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies is a scholarly research archive, museum and cultural center dedicated to the life, work, and legacy of American author John Steinbeck. Located in the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library on the campus of San José State University in San Jose, California, the center was founded in 1971 by English professor Martha Heasley Cox, whose contributions laid the groundwork for its establishment as a hub for Steinbeck scholarship and public education. The center is the largest Steinbeck archive in the world at over 50,000 items.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library
The Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library (also known locally as the MLK Library or the King Library) is an 8-story public library and university library, located in downtown San Jose, California, which had its grand opening on August 16, 2003. As of 2018, it is the largest library building in the western United States built in a single construction project, with over 475,000 square feet (44,000 m2) of space on eight floors and approximately 1.6 million volumes. The King Library is a collaboration between the City of San José and San José State University: it is the main library for both San José State University and the San José Public Library system. In 2004 it was honored as Library of the Year by Library Journal and Thomson Gale, for its collaborative combination of the two functions as well as for the building. On its tenth anniversary in 2013 it was still the largest joint university-municipal library in the United States.

The library building can accommodate over 2000 visitors.
Nuqtavi
The Nuqtavi (Persian: نقطویان Nuqṭawiyyah) movement was founded by Mahmoud Pasikhani (Persian: محمود پسیخانی) when he proclaimed himself the Mahdi in 1397. The group is an offshoot of Hurufism, from which Pasīkhānī was expelled for arrogance. The group first arose in Anjudan near Kashan an area known for its Nizari Isma'ili Shia Islam. The group attempted to proclaim Tahmasp I as Mahdi after Pasikhani died.

Fazlallah Astarabadi
Fażlu l-Lāh Astar-Ābādī (Persian: فضل‌الله استرآبادی, 1339/40 in Astarābād – 1394 in Nakhchivan), also known as Fażlullāh Tabrīzī Astarābādī by a pseudonym al-Ḥurūfī and a pen name Nāimī, was a Persian mystic who founded the Ḥurūfī movement.

The basic belief of the Ḥurūfiyyah was that the God was incarnated in the body of Fażlullāh and that he would appear as Mahdī when the Last Day was near in order to save Muslims, Christians and Jews.  His followers first came from the village of Toqchi near Isfahan and from there, the fame of his small community spread throughout Khorasan, Iraq, Azerbaijan and Shirvan.  The center of Fażlullāh Nāimī's influence was Baku and most of his followers came from Shirvan.  Among his followers was the famous Ḥurūfī poet Seyyed Imadaddin Nasimi, one of the greatest Turkic mystical poets of the late 14th and early 15th centuries.