hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Dunnels White
David Dunnels White (April 14, 1844 – February 9, 1924) was an American farmer who served as a Union soldier during the American Civil War. His "single-handed capture of Confederate Major General George Washington Custis Lee" in 1865 became widely publicized in 2011 as an act that possibly ended the war early, saving many lives. His nomination for a Medal of Honor was declined by the United States Army in 2016.

George Washington Custis Lee
George Washington Custis Lee (September 16, 1832 – February 18, 1913), also known as Custis Lee, was the eldest son of Robert E. Lee, of the Lee Family of Virginia, and Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee. His grandfather, George Washington Parke Custis was the grandson of Martha Dandridge Custis Washington (the wife of George Washington). He served as a Confederate general in the U.S. Civil War, primarily as an aide-de-camp to President Jefferson Davis, and succeeded his father as president of Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia.
Minni ritchi
Minni ritchi is a type of reddish-brown bark that continuously peels in small curly flakes, leaving the tree looking like it has a coat of red curly hair.  Brooker and Kleinig (1990) described it as a bark type in which "the bark seems rough at first glance and on close inspection is seen to be formed of partly shed longitudinal strips that curl outwards, initially exposing pale or greenish underbark".

A number of species of Acacia and Eucalyptus have minni ritchi bark, including:

Acacia curranii

Acacia cyperophylla (creekline miniritchie)

Acacia delibrata

Acacia gracillima

Acacia grasbyi (miniritchie)

Acacia monticola

Acacia rhodophloia

Acacia trachycarpa

Eucalyptus caesia (gungurru, 'Silver Princess')

Eucalyptus crucis (narrow-leaved silver mallee)

Eucalyptus minniritchi

Eucalyptus orbifolia

Acacia curranii
Acacia curranii, also known as curly-bark wattle or Curran's wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a multi-stemmed shrub with Minni ritchi bark, sometimes hairy branchlets, erect linear phyllodes, spikes of golden yellow flowers and linear, firmly papery pods.
Lipinski Stradivarius
The Lipinski Stradivarius is an antique violin constructed in 1715 by the Italian luthier Antonio Stradivari of Cremona, during Stradivari's "golden period"  between 1700 and 1725. There are fewer than 650 extant Stradivarius violins in the world today, and the Lipinski is considered to be a particularly fine example. In 2012, it was appraised at US$5 million.

Giuseppe Tartini
Giuseppe Tartini (8 April 1692 – 26 February 1770) was an Italian composer and violinist of the Baroque era born in Pirano in the Republic of Venice (now Piran, Slovenia). Tartini was a prolific composer, composing over a hundred pieces for the violin, the majority of them violin concertos. He is best remembered for his Violin Sonata in G Minor (the Devil's Trill Sonata).
Yūjō (Kokoro no Busu ni wa Naranee!)
"Yūjō (Kokoro no Busu ni wa Naranee!)" (友情 ～心のブスにはならねぇ!～, "Friendship: I Won't Become Ugly on the Inside!") is the last single of the J-pop idol group Morning Musume subgroup Morning Musume Otomegumi. In addition to the title song and its karaoke version, the single also contains Morning Musume Otomegumi versions of the earlier Morning Musume songs "Say Yeah!: Motto Miracle Night" and "Summer Night Town". "Say Yeah!: Motto Miracle Night" was originally featured on the Best! Morning Musume 1 album and "Summer Night Town" was originally featured on the "Summer Night Town" single. Morning Musume Sakuragumi also released another version of "Say Yeah!: Motto Miracle Night" at the same time on the "Sakura Mankai" single.

Morning Musume Otomegumi
Morning Musume Otomegumi (Japanese: モーニング娘｡おとめ組; lit. "Morning Musume Maiden Group") was one of the subgroups that the Japanese pop group Morning Musume was divided into in 2003. Its counterpart was Morning Musume Sakuragumi. The purpose of Morning Musume Otomegumi was to perform in small towns with low-capacity venues. The group represented modern young women. Like their counterpart, they released two singles before entering indefinite hiatus.
Between Last Night and Us
Between Last Night and Us is the debut studio album by Australian blues and roots band, The Audreys. The album peaked at number 97 on the ARIA Charts.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2006 the album won the ARIA Award for Best Blues and Roots Album and its songs were used as the soundtrack for the 2007 ABC TV series, Rain Shadow.

2006 ARIA Music Awards
The 20th annual Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (generally known as ARIA Music Awards or simply The ARIAs) were held on 29 October 2006 at the Acer Arena at the Sydney Olympic Park complex. Presenters on the night included James Mathison, Johnny Knoxville, Jesse McCartney and John Mayer.
St Austell Gulls
The St Austell Gulls were a  speedway team which operated from 1949 until their closure in 1964 at the Cornish Stadium at Par, St Austell in Cornwall. In 1997 the team rode at the Clay Country Moto Parc until the club finally closed in 2000.

George Newton (speedway rider)
George William Newton (27 January 1913 in Ash Vale, England – 5 October 1984) was an international speedway rider who featured in the first Speedway World Championship in final in 1936. Newton also rode under the alias of Bill Bennett and he earned 12 international caps for the England national speedway team.
Piasecki H-21
The Piasecki H-21 Workhorse/Shawnee is an American helicopter, the fourth of a line of tandem rotor helicopters designed and built by Piasecki Helicopter (later Boeing Vertol). Commonly called "the flying banana", it was a multi-mission helicopter, capable of being fitted with wheels, skis or floats.

The H-21 was originally developed by Piasecki as an Arctic rescue helicopter. The H-21 had cold-weather features permitting operation at temperatures as low as −65 °F (−54 °C) and could be routinely maintained in severe cold weather environments.

Piasecki Helicopter
The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was an American designer and manufacturer of helicopters in Philadelphia and nearby Morton, Pennsylvania, in the late 1940s and the 1950s.   Its founder, Frank Piasecki, was ousted in 1956 and started a new company, Piasecki Aircraft. Piasecki Helicopter was renamed Vertol Corporation in early 1956.: 257–8   Vertol was acquired by Boeing in 1960 and renamed Boeing Vertol.
The Lovers (1994 film)
The Lovers is a 1994 Hong Kong romantic film based on the Chinese legend of the Butterfly Lovers. It was directed and produced by Tsui Hark, and starred Nicky Wu, Charlie Yeung, Elvis Tsui and Carrie Ng. The theme songs were performed by Nicky Wu.

Butterfly Lovers
The Butterfly Lovers is a Chinese legend centered around the tragic romance between Liang Shanbo (梁山伯) and Zhu Yingtai (祝英臺), whose names form the Chinese title of the story. The title is often abbreviated as Liang Zhu (梁祝).

The story was selected as one of China's Four Great Folktales by the "Folklore Movement" in the 1920s—the others being the Legend of the White Snake (Baishezhuan), Lady Meng Jiang, and The Cowherd and the Weaving Maid (Niulang Zhinü).

Six cities in China collaborated in 2004 on a formal application for the Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on the legend at UNESCO, submitted in 2006 through the Chinese Ministry of Culture.
Muhammad Sharif Gulkhani
Muhammad Sharif Gulkhani (1770s–1827), better simply known as Gulkhani (also one of his pen names), was a poet and satirist from Kokand. He was bilingual in Persian and Chagatai.

Not much is known about Gulkhani's life. He hailed from a farmer's family; his father's roots reportedly lay in what is present-day central Tajikistan. Gulkhani eventually became part of the retinue of Kokand's ruler Muhammad Umar Khan and his wife, who sponsored arts and culture within the Khanate of Kokand and were poets themselves.

Kokand
Kokand (/ˈkoʊkænd/ KOH-kand) is a city in Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. Administratively, Kokand is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Muqimiy. The population of Kokand as of 2022 was approximately 259,700. The city lies 228 km (142 mi) southeast of Tashkent, 115 km (71 mi) west of Andijan, and 88 km (55 mi) west of Fergana. It is nicknamed "City of Winds".

Kokand is at the crossroads of the two main ancient trade routes into the Fergana Valley, one leading northwest over the mountains to Tashkent, and the other west through Khujand. As a result, Kokand is the main transportation junction in the Fergana Valley.
Kaugama
Kaugama is a Local Government Area in the north of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kaugama.

It has an area of 883 km2 and a population of 127,956 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 730.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Ann Eliza Smith
Ann Eliza Smith (pen name, Mrs. J. Gregory Smith; October 7, 1819 – January 6, 1905) was an American author. She was president of the board of managers for the Vermont woman's exhibit at the Centennial Exposition of 1876, at Philadelphia, and was frequently chosen in similar capacities as a representative of Vermont women. During the Civil War, she coordinated a response to the Confederate raid on St. Albans on  October 19, 1864.  In 1870, Governor Peter T. Washburn, who had served as adjutant general of the Vermont Militia during the war, recognized her efforts and presented her with an honorary commission as a lieutenant colonel on his military staff.

St. Albans Raid
The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War. Taking place in St. Albans, Vermont, on October 19, 1864, it was a raid conducted out of the Province of Canada by 21 Confederate soldiers who had recently failed in engagements with the Union Army and evaded subsequent capture in the United States. The mission of the raid was to rob banks to raise money, and to trick the Union Army into diverting troops to defend their northern border against further raids. The Confederates obtained the money, killed a local, set the town on fire, and escaped back to Canada.

This raid marked the northernmost point reached by Confederate land forces during the Civil War.
Qormi
Qormi (Maltese: Ħal Qormi, [ħɐl ˈʔɔrmɪ], locally [ħɐl ˈʔʊrmɪ]), also known by its title Città Pinto, is a city in the Southern Region of Malta, southwest of Valletta in the centre of the island. It has a population of 16,324 (as of March 2018), making it Malta's fifth-largest city.

Qormi has two parishes, one dedicated to Saint George and one to Saint Sebastian. It contains two valleys: Wied il-Kbir (The Large Valley) and Wied is-Sewda (Black Valley). Its bordering towns are Marsa, Luqa, Żebbuġ, Siġġiewi, Ħamrun, Birkirkara, Attard, Santa Venera and Balzan.

Elder inhabitants of Qormi speak a broad Qormi Dialect, which is now in decline.

Clyde Puli
Clyde Puli (born 13 September 1969) is a Maltese Member of Parliament with the Nationalist Party, holding the position of Spokesperson for Family and Social Solidarity in the Opposition Shadow Cabinet. He is a former Maltese Parliamentary Secretary of Youth and Sport.
RAF Chailey
Royal Air Force Chailey or more simply RAF Chailey is a former Royal Air Force advanced landing ground close to the village of Chailey near Burgess Hill in East Sussex during the Second World War. It was an example of an Advanced Landing Ground (ALG), a type of simple, temporary airfield designed to support the invasion of continental Europe.

No. 131 Wing RAF
No. 131 (Polish) (Fighter) Wing RAF is a former Royal Air Force wing that was operational during the Second World War, mainly staffed by Polish personnel as part of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain.

The unit was previously No. 131 Airfield Headquarters (Polish) RAF during 1943.
Benno Singer
Bernhard Henry "Benno" Singer (28 February 1875 – 17 May 1934) was a Hungarian-born British entertainment administrator.

He was born in Budapest, and settled in London from the age of eleven. He was married twice, first to Evelyn Mary Davis, and later to Mella Marie Schmidt. Singer was responsible for the entertainment at the 1914 Jubilee Exhibition in Kristiania, Norway. He was a central person in the entertainment industry in Kristiania from 1914. He established and managed the revue stage Theatre Moderne in Kristiania from 1914 to 1925. The first revue staged on Theatre Moderne was Futt from 1915, which is remembered for August Schønemann's breakthrough as comedian. Singer also established and managed the Opera Comique from 1918 to 1921. He died in Dublin in 1934.

August Schønemann
August Schønemann (né Pettersen; 30 May 1891 – 18 February 1925) was a Norwegian singer, actor, and comedian. From the mid-1910s to his death in 1925, he was among the most popular entertainers in Norway. He was father of Aud Schønemann.

August was born in Kristiania. He made his staged debut at Østre Theater in 1906 and performed at various theatres over the years. He had his breakthrough in early 1915 with the song "Neutralitetsværnet" in the revue Futt at Benno Singer's Theatre Moderne. His most famous act was possibly a duet with Lalla Carlsen at Chat Noir, in a Hamlet parody in the revue Uten en tråd. He also starred in one film production, the four-reel comedy Kjærlighet paa pinde (1922), directed by Erling Eriksen.

Schønemann died in February 1925 due to pernicious anemia, being at the height of his popularity, at the age of 33.
Lincoln Township, Holt County, Missouri
Lincoln Township is a township in Holt County, Missouri, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 31. It is the smallest township in the county by area, being only around 20 square miles. The village of Corning is located in the center of the township.

Holt County, Missouri
Holt County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,223. Its county seat is Oregon. The county was organized February 15, 1841. Originally named Nodaway County, it was soon renamed for David Rice Holt (1803–1840), a Missouri state legislator from Platte County.
Alain Whyte
Alain Gordon Whyte (pronounced Alan) (born 3 July 1967) is an English musician, songwriter, composer and singer. He was Morrissey's main songwriting partner and guitarist between 1991 and 2007.

Prior to 1991, Whyte previously been in the bands Rugcutters, Red Lightning, Motivators, Born Bad and the Memphis Sinners. More recently, he has written for Madonna, Chris Brown, and the Black Eyed Peas, and others. He won an American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) pop award in 2013 for his work as a songwriter on Brown's hit single "Don't Wake Me Up".

Southpaw Grammar
Southpaw Grammar is the fifth studio album by English alternative rock singer Morrissey, released on 28 August 1995 by record labels RCA in the UK and Reprise in the US.

The album charted at number 4 in the UK and number 66 in the US. It received a mixed response from critics. The singles lifted from the album were "Dagenham Dave" (which reached number 26 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1995) and "The Boy Racer" (which reached number 36 in December).
Santiago, Missouri
Santiago is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Missouri, United States. Santiago is located along Supplemental Route E, 7.1 miles (11.4 km) west-northwest of Lincoln.

A post office called Santiago was established in 1899, and remained in operation until 1904. The community's name commemorates the Siege of Santiago.

Benton County, Missouri
Benton County is a county located in the west central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 19,394 as of the 2020 Census. Its county seat is Warsaw. The county was organized January 3, 1835, and named for U.S. Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri.
GCR Class 1B
The GCR Class 1B was a class of 2-6-4T locomotives on the Great Central Railway. They were notable as the first locomotives of the 2-6-4T (or Adriatic) wheel arrangement to be used by a British standard-gauge railway; there had been two narrow-gauge examples on the Leek & Manifold Valley Light Railway since 1904.

Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway
The Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway (L&MVLR) was a narrow gauge railway in Staffordshire, England that operated between 1904 and 1934.  The line mainly carried milk from dairies in the region, acting as a feeder to the 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge system.  It also provided passenger services to the small villages and beauty spots along its route.  The line was built to a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge and to the light rail standards provided by the Light Railways Act 1896 to reduce construction costs.

The route of the line is now a foot- and cycle- path.
Defoamer
A defoamer or an anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in industrial process liquids. The terms anti-foam agent and defoamer are often used interchangeably. Strictly speaking, defoamers eliminate existing foam and anti-foamers prevent the formation of further foam. Commonly used agents are insoluble oils, polydimethylsiloxanes and other silicones, certain alcohols, stearates and glycols. The additive is used to prevent formation of foam or is added to break a foam already formed.

In industrial processes, foams pose serious problems.  They cause defects on surface coatings and prevent the efficient filling of containers.  A variety of chemical formulae are available to prevent formation of foams.

Silicone oil
A silicone oil is any liquid polymerized siloxane with organic side chains. The most important member is polydimethylsiloxane. These polymers are of commercial interest because of their relatively high thermal stability and their lubricating properties.
Cedar Boys
Cedar Boys is a 2009 Australian film about the life of three young adults in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Written, directed and co-produced by Serhat Caradee and produced by Matthew Dabner, Ranko Markovic, and Jeff Purser, Cedar Boys had its world premiere at the 2009 Sydney Film Festival. It opened in theatres on 30 July 2009 and was made available on DVD on 7 December 2009. The film has a dedication at the end to Caradee's mother, who died of cancer 19 days after the film was completed.

The film won the Audience Award during the 56th 2009 Sydney Film Festival and was nominated for "Best Film" category at the 2009 Inside Film Awards. It was an official selection in many festivals, including Vancouver, Chicago, Antalya, Dubai Film Festival, and the 2010 London Australian Film Festival.

Serhat Caradee
Serhat Caradee is an Australian filmmaker, writer and actor based in Sydney, New South Wales. He is known for the feature films Cedar Boys (2009) and A Lion Returns (2020), and earlier short films.

His films have screened at many local and international film festivals, and also been nominated for numerous awards and won four.
SS Rusinga
SS Rusinga is a cargo and passenger Lake Victoria ferry in East Africa.

Bow, McLachlan and Company of Paisley in Renfrewshire, Scotland built her and her sister ship SS Usoga for the Uganda Railway in 1913. They were "knock down" vessels; that is, they were bolted together in the shipyard at Paisley, all the parts marked with numbers, disassembled into many hundreds of parts and transported in kit form by sea to Kenya for reassembly.

Rusinga entered service on the lake in 1914 and was a troop ship during the First World War East African Campaign. After the Armistice she entered civilian service as a Lake Victoria ferry.

On 30 September 1927 Rusinga was damaged by fire. She was subsequently repaired and returned to service.

In 1966 the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation withdrew her for scrap but she passed into private ownership and in 2005 was still in service.

Uganda Railway
The Uganda Railway was a metre-gauge railway system and former British state-owned railway company. The line linked the interiors of Uganda and Kenya with the Indian Ocean port of Mombasa in Kenya. After a series of mergers and splits, the line is now in the hands of the Kenya Railways Corporation and the Uganda Railways Corporation.
Hankyū Imazu Line
The Hankyu Imazu Line (阪急今津線, Hankyū Imazu-sen) is a 9.3 km long commuter rail line in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan owned and operated by the private railway operator Hankyu Railway. It is the longest of three branchlines of the Hankyu Kobe Line. The line connects the cities of Nishinomiya and Takarazuka.

Takarazuka, Hyōgo
Takarazuka (宝塚市, Takarazuka-shi) is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 221,846 in 96,729 households and a population density of 2,200 persons per km². The total area of the city is 101.80 square kilometres (39.31 sq mi). Known as the "inner parlor" of Kansai, Takarazuka is famous for the Takarazuka Revue, hot springs, and the Takarazuka Tourism Fireworks Display held since 1913. It is also famous as a choice residential area along with Ashiya and Nishinomiya.
Jasmin Sports Hall
Jasmin Sports Hall (Macedonian: "Спортска Сала Јасмин") is a multi-purpose indoor sports arena located in Kavadarci, North Macedonia and seats 2,500 spectators.

The arena is used for basketball by KK Feni Industries. In May 2011, it hosted the Final Four of the Balkan International Basketball League. It has also been used for concerts and handball by GRK Tikveš.

Kavadarci
Kavadarci (Macedonian: Кавадарци [kaˈvadartsi] ⓘ) is a town in the Tikveš region of North Macedonia. In the heart of North Macedonia's wine country, it is home to the largest winery in Southeast Europe, named after the Tikveš plain. The town of Kavadarci is the seat of Kavadarci Municipality. Situated near Kavadarci is North Macedonia's largest artificial lake, Lake Tikveš.
San Pedro y San Pablo College, Mexico City
The San Pedro y San Pablo College is a colonial church located in the historical center of Mexico City, Mexico.

Today the church section of the complex houses the Museum of the Constitutions of Mexico−Museo de las Constituciones. The former school section of the complex stretches along San Ildefonso Street to Republica de Venezuela Street.

Xavier Guerrero
Xavier Guerrero (December 3, 1896, San Pedro de las Colonias, Coahuila – June 29, 1974, Mexico City) was one of the pioneers of the Mexican muralism movement in the early 20th century. He was introduced to painting through working with his father, who worked in masonry and decorating. However, there is evidence that his ability was mostly self-taught. In 1912, he moved to Guadalajara and began painting murals, then to Mexico City in 1919 just as the muralism movement was about to begin. Most of his work was in collaboration with or subordinate to other painters such as Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros, working at the San Ildefonso College, the Secretaría de Educación Pública building and the Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo; however, much of his other work has been lost. While best known for his mural work, his later canvas work is considered to be better.