hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North American Taiwan Studies Association
The North American Taiwan Studies Association (NATSA) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit academic organization established in 1994. It is operated by Taiwanese students, North American doctoral students, and recent graduates who are interested in Taiwan studies. The NATSA annual conferences are the largest academic events on Taiwan studies in North America. The conferences provide scholars and Taiwan studies students a regular forum to meet and exchange intellectual ideas, and they also allow for researchers focusing on East Asia and beyond to receive dynamic feedback and broaden their academic horizons.

Taiwan studies
Taiwan studies, or Taiwanese studies, is a multi-disciplinary academic division of area studies (a part of East Asian studies) focused on studying Taiwan and the people on/in/of Taiwan both on its own and in comparison with other world areas. Academia Sinica, Taiwan's national level research institute, officially inaugurated its Institute of Taiwan History in 2004 following a long exploratory period beginning in 1986. Taiwan studies departments and centers have been established in numerous universities around the world (see below for a list) and key Taiwan studies organizations have been established in North America Archived 2008-04-17 at the Wayback Machine (NATSA), Europe (EATS), and Japan (JATS). The first World Congress of Taiwan Studies (WCTS) was hosted by Taiwan's Academia Sinica on April 26–28, 2012, in Taipei, Taiwan.
GER Class S69
The Great Eastern Railway (GER) Class S69, also known as 1500 Class, and later classified B12 by the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) is a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotive designed to haul express passenger trains from London Liverpool Street station along the Great Eastern Main Line. Originally they were designed by S. D. Holden, but were much rebuilt, resulting in several subclasses.

Seventy-one S69 locomotives were built between 1911 and 1921 and numbered 1500–1570. Fifty-one of these were built at the GER's Stratford Works and the remaining 20 by William Beardmore and Company. A further 10 locomotives were built by Beyer, Peacock and Company for the LNER in 1928 and numbered 8571–8580. From 1948 the British Railways numbers were 61500–61580 (with gaps).

William Beardmore and Company
William Beardmore and Company was a British engineering and shipbuilding conglomerate based in Glasgow and the surrounding Clydeside area. It was active from 1886 to the mid-1930s and at its peak employed about 40,000 people. It was founded and owned by William Beardmore, later Lord Invernairn, after whom the Beardmore Glacier was named.
Caspian-Caucasian Front
The Caspian-Caucasian Front (Russian: Каспийско-Кавказский фронт) was a front of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, formed on 8 December 1918 as a branch of the Southern Front. The Front was disbanded on 13 March 1919 and the troops transferred to form a separate 11th Army.

Front (military formation)
A front (Russian: фронт, romanized: front) is a type of military formation that originates in the Russian Empire, and has been used by the Polish Army, the Red Army, the Soviet Army, and Turkey. It is roughly equivalent to an army group in the military of most other countries. It varies in size but in general contains three to five armies. It should not be confused with the more general usage of military front, describing a geographic area in wartime.
Daniel of Moscow
Daniil Aleksandrovich (Russian: Даниил Александрович; 1261 – 5 March 1303), also known as Daniil of Moscow, was the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky and forefather of all Princes of Moscow. His descendants are known as the Daniilovichi. He has been locally approved for veneration in the Russian Orthodox Church, with feast days on March 17 and September 12.

Grand Prince of Moscow
The Grand Prince of Moscow (Russian: великий князь Московский, romanized: velikiy knyaz Moskovskiy), known as the Prince of Moscow until 1389, was the ruler of the Grand Principality of Moscow. The Moscow principality was initially established in the 13th century as an appanage within the Vladimir-Suzdal grand principality. By the late 14th century, the grand principality became a family possession of the princes of Moscow; the monarch bore the title of grand prince of Vladimir and Moscow and later the title of grand prince of Vladimir, Moscow and all Russia.
2014 Queens hatchet attack
On October 23, 2014, a hatchet-wielding man, Zale H. Thompson, attacked four New York City Police Department (NYPD) officers on a crowded sidewalk in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens in New York City. Officer Kenneth Healey was struck in the head, while Officer Joseph Meeker was injured in the arm. Also injured was a female civilian, who was struck by a stray bullet when two other officers shot and killed the perpetrator. Investigators discovered that Thompson was a recent Muslim convert. His attack was classified as an act of terrorism.

2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack
The 2014 Saint Jean sur Richelieu ramming attack was a terror car ramming that occurred in Quebec on October 20, 2014. Two Canadian Forces members were hit by a lone wolf terrorist, Martin Couture-Rouleau. Warrant officer Patrice Vincent died from injuries, while another soldier was injured, but survived. The RCMP and the Government of Canada has characterized the homicide as a terrorist act by an Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant-inspired terrorist.
1st Battle Squadron
The 1st Battle Squadron was a naval squadron of the British Royal Navy consisting of battleships.  The 1st Battle Squadron was initially part of the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet.  After World War I the Grand Fleet was reverted to its original name, the Atlantic Fleet. The squadron changed composition often as ships were damaged, retired or transferred.

Arthur Power
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur John Power GCB GBE CVO (12 April 1889 – 28 January 1960) was a Royal Navy officer. He took part in the First World War as a gunnery officer and saw action in the Dardanelles campaign. During the inter-war years he commanded the gunnery school at HMS Excellent and then the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal. During the Second World War he played a leading role in the planning for the Allied invasion of Sicily and for the Allied invasion of Italy and then commanded the naval forces for the actual landing of V Corps at Taranto in Italy in September 1943. He went on to be Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Fleet in the closing stages of the war and conducted naval strikes on the Imperial Japanese Army in Borneo and Malaya. After the War he became Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel, Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet and then Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth.
Miloš Hrazdíra
Miloš "Milan" Hrazdíra ([ˈmɪloʃ ˈɦrazɟiːra]; 23 November 1945 – 25 January 1990) was a Czech cyclist. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in the 100 km team time trial and finished in 13th place. He was the first cyclist to win the Tour de Slovaquie three times, in 1967, 1968 and 1973, a record repeated only by Jiří Škoda in 1985. In 1982 he became the only cyclist in Czech history to win three national titles in one year, in the road race and individual and team time trial. He also won the 1968 Rás Tailteann.

He married Eva Hrazdíra (born 1949). They had a daughter Eva (born 1969) and two sons, Milan (born 1973) and Michal (born 1977). Both sons became cyclists, and Michal competed at the 2004 Olympics.

The street Hrazdírova in the Brno-Bosonohy area of Brno is named after him.

Michal Hrazdíra
Michal Hrazdíra (born 6 November 1977) is a retired Czech cyclist. He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the individual time trial and in the road race and finished in 14th place in the former event.

His father Miloš (1945–1990) and elder brother Milan (born 1973) were also competitive cyclists.
Adrian Tchaikovsky
Adrian Czajkowski (spelt as Adrian Tchaikovsky for his books; born June 1972) is a British fantasy and science fiction author. Heavily influenced by the natural world, his books frequently deal with themes of artificial intelligence and alienness, often in the context of non-human characters. He is best known for his series Shadows of the Apt, and for his Hugo Award-winning Children of Time series.

Tchaikovsky has received numerous awards for his work. Children of Time was awarded the 30th Arthur C. Clarke Award in 2016. Author James Lovegrove described it as "superior stuff, tackling big themes – gods, messiahs, artificial intelligence, alienness – with brio".

The Tyrant Philosophers
The Tyrant Philosophers is a grimdark fantasy series by British author Adrian Tchaikovsky. Launching in 2022 with City of Last Chances the series utilizes a mosaic narrative structure to explore themes of industrialization, colonialism, and the friction between rigid bureaucracy and chaotic magic.
Comet (Waldameer)
Comet is a wooden roller coaster located at Waldameer & Water World in Erie, Pennsylvania. It was designed by Herbert Schmeck and built by Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC) in 1951. It is similar to other Schmeck-designed PTC junior wooden coasters which feature a layered, figure-eight/oval layout. However, Comet is taller than the previous junior wooden coaster designs. Comet is an ACE Coaster Classic.

Waldameer & Water World
Waldameer & Water World is an amusement park and water park at the base of Presque Isle in Erie, Pennsylvania. Waldameer is the fourth oldest amusement park in Pennsylvania, the sixth oldest in the nation, and one of only thirteen trolley parks still operating in the country. It is home to several notable rides, including the Ravine Flyer II roller coaster.

The amusement park is admission-free, with 35 rides, an arcade, and covered picnic facilities. The rides require either the scanning of a paid wristband before riding, or the use of "Wally Points" on the "Wally Card" system. The water park, Water World, operates an assortment of water slides and pools, and is admission by fee only. The name "Waldameer" can be translated roughly to "woods by the sea" in German.
Tyler Mosienko
Tyler Mosienko (born March 21, 1984) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for the Iowa Heartlanders in the ECHL. He is the grandson of Hockey Hall of Famer Bill Mosienko.

Bill Mosienko
William Mosienko (November 2, 1921 – July 9, 1994) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Black Hawks from 1942 to 1955. He is best noted for recording the fastest hat trick in NHL history. In a 1952 game against the New York Rangers, Mosienko scored three goals in 21 seconds.

In the NHL, Mosienko won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy in 1945 as the most gentlemanly player in the league, played in five All-Star Games and was twice named to the second All-Star team. He left the league in 1955 to help bring professional hockey to his hometown of Winnipeg. He helped create the Winnipeg Warriors of the Western Hockey League and was a three-time All-Star in his four years of play in the league. He won the league championship in 1956.

Mosienko was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1965 and into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1980.
LHB coach
Linke-Hofmann-Busch (LHB) coach is a passenger rail coach developed by Linke-Hofmann-Busch for Indian Railways. Initially, 24 air-conditioned coaches were imported from Germany for use in the Shatabdi Express following which the coaches were manufactured in India. The coaches are manufactured by three state-owned rail coach manufacturing units at Chennai, Kapurthala, and Raebareli.

In the late 1990s, the Indian Railways started replacing the ICF coaches with LHB coaches. It was initially introduced on select express trains running on the 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge network of the Indian Railways. The manufacturing of ICF coaches ceased in 19 January 2018, and subsequently LHB coaches were used for most of the passenger and express trains. As of October 2025, 75% of all non Multiple Unit express trains of the Indian Railways were running with LHB coaches.

ICF coach
The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) coach is a conventional passenger rail coach developed and manufactured by the Indian state owned Integral Coach Factory in Chennai. First manufactured in 1955, it was extensively used by the Indian Railways till the late 1990s. When the production ceased in 2018, more than 54,000 coaches had been produced including exports to other countries.
Mukhtar Aliyev
Mukhtar Aliyev (Kazakh: Мұхтар Әлиұлы Әлиев, romanized: Mūhtar Äliūly Äliev; February 2, 1933, Tyumen-Aryk station — January 12, 2015, Almaty) was a Soviet and Kazakh surgeon, Doctor of Medical Sciences (1974), founder of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1995), and Hero of Kazakhstan (1995).

Hero of Kazakhstan
The title of People's Hero of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Халық қаһарманы, romanized: Halyq qaharmany) is the highest distinction conferred by the Republic of Kazakhstan, along with the Order of the Golden Eagle.
Oda Nobuhide
Oda Nobuhide (織田 信秀, 1510 – 8 April 1551) was a Japanese daimyō and magistrate of the Sengoku period known as "Tiger of Owari" and also the father of Oda Nobunaga, the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. Nobuhide was a deputy shugo (Shugodai) of lower Owari Province and head of the Oda clan which controlled most of Owari.

Imagawa Yoshimoto
Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川 義元; 1519 – June 12, 1560) was a Japanese samurai and daimyō (feudal lord) of the Sengoku period. Based in Suruga Province, he was known as The number one archer in the Tōkaidō (海道一の弓取り, Kaidō-ichi no Yumitori); he was one of the three daimyō that dominated the Tōkaidō region. He died in 1560 while marching to Kyoto. He was killed in the village of Dengakuhazama in Okehazama by Oda Nobunaga.
Adogawa, Shiga
Adogawa (安曇川町, Adogawa-chō) was a town located in Takashima District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 14,245 and a density of 293.89 persons per km2. The total area was 48.47 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Adogawa, along with the towns of Takashima, Imazu, Makino and Shin'asahi, and the village of Kutsuki (all from Takashima District), was merged to create the city of Takashima.

Adogawa is one of the more densely populated areas in Takashima City. There are many stores around the JR Adogawa Station.

Adogawa is well known for its fan ribs (the wooden part that comprises the skeleton of traditional Japanese hand fans), and roughly 80% of fan ribs made in Japan come from Adogawa.

In Adogawa, there is one prefectural high school, one junior high school, and five elementary schools. There are plans to create a new prefectural middle school within Adogawa High School by 2008.

Takashima, Shiga
Takashima (高島市, Takashima-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.kaꜜ.ɕi.ma, -ka.ɕi.maꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 November 2021, the city had an estimated population of 46,976 in 20601 households and a population density of 68 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 693.05 square kilometres (267.59 sq mi).
Matt Heafy
Matthew Kiichi Heafy (/ˈheɪfi/ HAY-fee; born January 26, 1986) is a Japanese-American guitarist and singer, best known as the frontman of heavy metal band Trivium. He was also the lead vocalist for the band Capharnaum, along with Trivium's former producer Jason Suecof. In 2017, Heafy was voted sixth on the Ultimate Guitar list "Top 25 Greatest Modern Frontmen". In 2023, Jake Richardson of Loudwire included him in his list of the "10 Best Clean Singers in Metalcore".

Death: An Anthology
Death: An Anthology is the fifth studio album by American deathcore band Enterprise Earth, the album was released on February 2, 2024, through MNRK Music. It is the band's first album to feature vocalist Travis Worland and bassist Dakota Johnson and is the band's final album to feature drummer Brandon Zackey as he would depart from the band in August 2024 to join Whitechapel. It is also the band's first album to not feature any original members following the departure of original vocalist Dan Watson in April 2022. An instrumental version of the album was released on May 3, 2024.
Solanum evolvuloides
Solanum evolvuloides is a species of Solanum, which was first described in 2011 by Giacomin & Stehmann. Solanum evolvuloides belongs to section Gonatotrichum, a small group assigned to the Brevantherum clade of the genus Solanum. It resembles Solanum turneroides Chodat, sharing with it heterandry, and Solanum parcistrigosum Bitter, with which it shares a similar habit and pubescence. Despite these similarities, the species can be recognized by its ovate-elliptic to cordiform leaf shape and more membranaceous leaf texture than the other species in the section, and stem, inflorescence axes, and calyx vestiture mainly composed of glandular hairs. Solanum evolvuloides is known to occur only in southeastern of Bahia state, Brazil, and in a preliminary assessment of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria can be considered a threatened species.

Solanum
Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae, comprising around 1,500 species. It also contains the so-called horse nettles (unrelated to the genus of true nettles, Urtica), as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit.

Solanum species show a wide range of growth habits, such as annuals and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees. Many formerly independent genera like Lycopersicon (the tomatoes) and Cyphomandra are now included in Solanum as subgenera or sections. Thus, the genus today contains roughly 1,500–2,000 species.
National Solar Observatory
The National Solar Observatory (NSO) is a United States federally funded research and development center for solar physics headquartered in Boulder, Colorado. It was founded in 1984 and is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy.

NSO manages several ground-based solar telescopes and observatories including the 4-meter Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope at the Haleakala Observatory; the Sunspot Solar Observatory near Sunspot, New Mexico; and six sites around the world for the Global Oscillations Network Group, one of which is shared with the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun. NSO also operates the NSO Integrated Synoptic Program (NISP), which combines and coordinates synoptic solar observations for research and space weather applications.

Haleakalā Observatory
The Haleakalā Observatory, also known as the Haleakalā High Altitude Observatory Site, is Hawaii's first astronomical research observatory. It is located on the island of Maui and is owned by the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Hawaiʻi, which operates some of the facilities on the site and leases portions to other organizations. Tenants include the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGTN). At over 3,050 meters (10,010 ft) in elevation, the summit of Haleakalā is above one third of the Earth's troposphere and has excellent astronomical seeing conditions.
Iiyama Station
Iiyama Station (飯山駅, Iiyama-eki) is a railway station on the Iiyama Line in the city of Iiyama, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). Since 14 March 2015, it is also a stop on the high-speed Hokuriku Shinkansen line from Tokyo to Kanazawa.

Iiyama, Nagano
Iiyama (飯山市, Iiyama-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2019, the city had an estimated population of 20,118 in 7372 households, and a population density of 99 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 202.43 square kilometres (78.16 sq mi). It markets itself as "Japan's Hometown" and is known as the "Little Kyoto of Snow Country".
EHD protein family
The EHD protein family is a relatively small group of proteins which have been shown to play a role in several physiological functions, the most notable being the regulation of endocytotic vesicles. This family is recognized by its highly conserved EH (Eps15 homology) domain, a structural motif that has been shown to facilitate specificity and interaction between protein and ligand. The four mammalian EHD proteins that have been classified are: EHD1, EHD2, EHD3, and EHD4.

EHD3
Eps15 homology domain-containing protein 3, abbreviated as EHD3 and also known as PAST3, is a protein encoded by the EHD3 gene. It has been observed in humans, mice and rats. It belongs to the EHD protein family, a group of four membrane remodeling proteins related to the Dynamin superfamily of large GTPases. Although the four of them are 70-80% amino acid identical, they all have different locations. Its main function is related to endocytic transport.
Peritoneovenous shunt
A peritoneovenous shunt is a shunt which drains peritoneal fluid from the peritoneum into a large vein, usually the internal jugular vein. It is sometimes used in patients with refractory ascites.

It is a long tube with a one-way valve running subcutaneously from the peritoneum to the internal jugular vein in the neck, which allows ascitic fluid to pass directly into the systemic circulation. Various models exist, among which the LeVeen shunt and the Denver shunt.

Possible complications include:

Infection

Superior vena caval thrombosis

Pulmonary edema

Bleeding from varices

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Shunt (medical)
In medicine, a shunt is a hole or a small passage that moves, or allows movement of, fluid from one part of the body to another. The term may describe either congenital or acquired shunts; acquired shunts (sometimes referred to as iatrogenic shunts) may be either biological or mechanical.
Kamal Bamadhaj
Kamal Ahmed Bamadhaj (23 December 1970 – 12 November 1991) was a political science student and human rights activist, who was killed in the Dili Massacre in East Timor on November 12, 1991.

Of Malaysian and New Zealand parentage, he was the only foreign national to be killed when Indonesian troops opened fire on a funeral procession at the Santa Cruz cemetery in Dili. He attended the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and worked as an interpreter for Australian aid agencies working in East Timor.

Santa Cruz massacre
The Santa Cruz massacre (also known as the Dili massacre) was the murder of at least 250 East Timorese pro-independence demonstrators in the Santa Cruz cemetery in the capital, Dili, on 12 November 1991, during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor and is part of the East Timor genocide.
November to Remember (1993)
November to Remember (1993), the inaugural November to Remember professional wrestling event produced by Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW), took place on November 13, 1993 (the day after Terror at Tabor) in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Ten professional wrestling matches took place at the event. The main event was a tag team match in which the Heavyweight Champion Sabu teamed with Road Warrior Hawk to take on the Television Champion Terry Funk and King Kong Bundy, in which both Sabu and Funk defended the ECW Heavyweight Championship and the ECW Television Championship respectively.

Two matches from the event (The Sandman versus Jim Neidhart and The Suicide Blondes (Johnny Hotbody and Tony Stetson) versus Johnny Gunn and Tommy Dreamer) aired on episode #32 of Eastern Championship Wrestling on November 16, 1993. Commentary was provided by Joey Styles and Tony Rumble.

Salvatore Bellomo
Salvatore Martino (June 18, 1951 – February 9, 2019) was a Belgian professional wrestler. His career spanned over 40 years. He is perhaps best known for his appearances in the United States with the World Wrestling Federation in the 1980s and with Eastern Championship Wrestling in the 1990s under the ring name Salvatore Bellomo.