hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bowler hat
The bowler hat, also known as a Coke hat, billycock, bob hat, or derby (United States), is a hard felt hat with a rounded crown, originally created by the London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler in 1849 and commissioned by Lock & Co. Hatters of St James's Street, London. It has traditionally been worn with semi-formal and informal attire.

The bowler, a protective and durable hat style, was popular with the British, Irish, and American working classes during the second half of the 19th century, and later with the middle and upper classes in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the east coast of the United States. It became the quintessential attire of City of London gents in the early 1900s, a tradition that lasted until the 1970s.

Bradford & Bingley
Bradford & Bingley plc was a British bank with headquarters in the West Yorkshire town of Bingley.

The bank was formed in December 2000 by demutualisation of the Bradford & Bingley Building Society following a vote of the building society's members, who swapped their nominal share of the building society for at least 250 shares of the newly formed bank.

In 2008, partly due to the subprime mortgage crisis, the bank was nationalised and in effect split into two parts; the mortgage book and investment portfolios remained with the now publicly owned Bradford & Bingley plc, and the deposits and branch network (and a licence to use the B&B name for those aspects) was sold to Abbey National, itself owned by the Spanish Santander Group. The branch network was rebranded Santander on 11 January 2010 and the Bradford & Bingley name mainly relates to the nationalised section of the bank. From 2010, the brand has been used under licence for insurance products by BGL Group.
Pingami
Pingami (transl. The successor) is a 1994 Indian Malayalam-language action thriller film directed by Sathyan Anthikkad and written by Reghunath Paleri based on his own short story Kumarettan Parayaatha Kadha. It was produced by Mohanlal through the company Pranavam Arts, and stars himself along with Puneet Issar, Jagathy Sreekumar, Thilakan, Innocent, Kanaka, Sukumaran, Janardhanan Oduvil Unnikrishnan and Shanthi Krishna in supporting roles. The film follows the story of Captain Vijay, an army officer who forms a close bond with Kumaran, a severely injured man. However, when he dies, Vijay decides to investigate the cause of his death.

The music was composed by Johnson. The film was released on 27 May 1994 and was an average success at the box office. In a retrospective review in 2019, Kerala Kaumudi described Pingami as one of the most underrated films ever in Malayalam cinema. and  over the years, the film has attained a cult following.

Pranavam Arts International
Pranavam Arts International (formerly Pranavam Arts or Pranavams International) was an Indian film production and distribution company based in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, founded in 1990 by Indian actor Mohanlal. Since then the company has produced a total of 11 films, including two of the most-expensive Malayalam films of its time—Kaalapani (1996) and Vanaprastham (1999). Vanaprastham was selected at the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. The company has won a National Film Award for Best Feature Film (Vanaprastham) and two Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film (Bharatham and Kaalapani). The company's distribution division was called Pranamam Pictures.
James Malone Coleman
James Malone Coleman (August 26, 1929 – May 4, 2020) was second bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of West Tennessee. Coleman was the first bishop of any Tennessee diocese to actually be born inside the state itself.

St. James Episcopal Church (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)
The St. James Episcopal Church, located in downtown Baton Rouge, Louisiana, is a congregation of the Episcopal Diocese of Louisiana.  Although Episcopalians began gathering in 1819, St. James Church formally organized as an Episcopal congregation in 1844 due to the influence and support of Margaret MacKall Taylor, wife of president Zachary Taylor. Within the spectrum of worship styles in the Anglican tradition, St. James Church was a Low Church parish during the 19th century, but has been considered a Broad Church parish since the early to mid 20th Century. In addition to worship, St. James Church is actively involved in service to the community, pastoral care, and Christian education for all ages. The church is also home to a two-time National Blue Ribbon day school (18 month through 5th grade).
Battle Chasers: Nightwar
Battle Chasers: Nightwar is a turn-based role-playing video game developed by Airship Syndicate and published by THQ Nordic. It was released in October 2017 for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and in May 2018 for Nintendo Switch and Linux. Based on the Battle Chasers fantasy comic book series by Joe Madureira, the game involves the cast of that series being marooned on an island and being forced to stop the plans of an evil sorceress in order to escape.

The game received positive reviews from critics, who cited the game's graphics and visual style as a strong point, but criticized its difficulty balance and high level of grinding.

Joe Madureira
Joe Madureira (/ˈmædəˌrɛrə/; born December 1974), often called Joe Mad, is an American comic book artist and game developer, best known for his work on Darksiders, Marvel Comics' Uncanny X-Men and his creator-owned comic book Battle Chasers. He is the founder of video game development companies Vigil Games and Airship Syndicate.

Madureira's style combines Western comic book influences (most notably the influence of artist Arthur Adams) though it evolved to incorporate heavy influences from Japanese manga and video games.
Mike Reinfeldt
Michael Ray Reinfeldt (born May 6, 1953) is an American former professional football player and executive in the National Football League (NFL).  He attended the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and was the captain of the Panthers in their last season of varsity football in 1974.  Reinfeldt played as a safety for eight seasons in the NFL with the Oakland Raiders in 1976 and with the Houston Oilers from 1976 to 1983.  In 2007, he was named general manager of the NFL's Tennessee Titans. An All-Pro safety with the team from 1976 to 1983 in Houston, he re-joined the franchise after spending seven years with the Seattle Seahawks.

Milwaukee Panthers football
College football at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee traces its lineage back to 1899. The original varsity program was terminated following the 1974 season. Club football was introduced at Milwaukee in 2003.
Corbett and Son Store
Corbett and Son Store is a heritage-listed store at 446–452 Brunswick Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Robin Dods and built in 1908. It was also known as Diamonds Dry Cleaners, Peerless Dry Cleaners and Isis Restaurant. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 26 May 2000.

Robin Dods
Robert Smith (Robin) Dods (9 June 1868 – 23 July 1920) was a New Zealand-born Australian architect. Over the course of his career, he worked for Hay & Henderson in Edinburgh and Aston Webb in London, later becoming a partner in Hall & Dods (Brisbane) and Spain, Cosh & Dods (Sydney).
Cyril J. Bergtheil
Cyril Jonas Bergtheil (2 December 1878 – 25 August 1973), known from around 1916 as Cyril Jonas Berkeley,  was an English chemist, bacteriologist, and zoologist of German ancestry. He worked in India from 1902 to 1912 serving as an Imperial Bacteriologist and later collaborated with his wife Edith Berkeley in studies on polychaetes.

Edith Berkeley
Edith Berkeley (1 September 1875 – 25 February 1963) was a Canadian marine biologist who specialized in the biology of polychaetes. The Edith Berkeley Memorial Lectures were established in the University of British Columbia in her memory in 1969.
H. Fred Clark
H. Fred Clark (1937 – April 28, 2012) was an American veterinarian, medical scientist, and social activist. He served as a research professor of pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine and at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, as well as holding the position of adjunct professor at the Wistar Institute. He is recognized for his work with Paul Offit and Stanley Plotkin developing the rotavirus vaccine RotaTeq. For this work, Clark, Offit, and Plotkin received the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's Gold Medal in 2006. He received a degree in veterinary medicine from Cornell University and a Ph.D. in microbiology and immunology from the University at Buffalo.

Wistar Institute
The Wistar Institute (/ˈwɪstɑːr/) is an independent, nonprofit research institution in biomedical science with special focuses in oncology, immunology, infectious disease, and vaccine research. Located on Spruce Street in the University City section of Philadelphia, Wistar was founded in 1892 as a nonprofit institution to focus on biomedical research and training.

Since 1972, Wistar has been a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center, and in that time, the Institute has established itself as a well-regarded research nonprofit. The NCI gave Wistar the highest cancer center rating of "exceptional" in two consecutive cancer center grant renewals in 2013 and 2018. Additionally, the Institute was ranked in 2024 in the 1st percentile for Innovation by the SCImago Institution Ranking (SIR) and third in US Research Institutions by Heartland Forward.
Ueno Royal Museum
The Ueno Royal Museum (上野の森美術館, Ueno-no-Mori Bijutsukan) opened in Ueno Park, Taitō, Tokyo, Japan, in 1972. Owned by Fujisankei Communications Group and managed by the Japan Art Association, the museum focuses on contemporary art with exhibitions including the regular Ueno Royal Museum Grand Prize Exhibition and Japanese Nature Painting Exhibition (日本の自然を描く展), as well special exhibitions from overseas.

Taitō
Taitō (台東区, Taitō-ku) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. In English, it is known as Taitō City.

As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 186,276, and a population density of 18,420 persons per km2. The total area is 10.11 square kilometres (3.90 sq mi). This makes Taito ward the smallest of Tokyo's wards in area, and third-smallest in population.
Robbins & Appleton Building
The Robbins & Appleton Building is a historic building at 1–5 Bond Street between Broadway and Lafayette Street in the NoHo neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Built in 1879–1880, it was designed by architect Stephen Decatur Hatch in the Second Empire style. The building features an ornate cast iron facade and mansard roof; it was originally used for the manufacture of watch cases and by publisher D. Appleton & Company. It was converted in 1986 to residential use.

The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1979, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

D. Appleton & Company
D. Appleton & Company was an American publishing company founded by Daniel Appleton, who opened a general store which included books. He published his first book in 1831. The company's publications gradually extended over the entire field of literature. It issued the works of contemporary scientists, including those of Herbert Spencer, John Tyndall, Thomas Huxley, Charles Darwin, and others, at reasonable prices. Medical books formed a special department, and books in the Spanish language for the South America market, including the works of Rafael Pombo, were a specialty which the firm made its own. In belles lettres and American history, it had a strong list of names among its authors. On June 2, 1933, D. Appleton & Company merged with The Century Company.
Elwyn Hughes
Elwyn Hughes is the Senior Co-ordinator for Welsh Courses for Adults in the Department of Lifelong Learning at the University of Wales, Bangor.
His achievements over the past 30 years were recognised at the 2005 National Eisteddfod of Wales when he was awarded the "Tlws Goffa Elvet a Mair Elvet Thomas" Award in recognition of his work.

He also plays a prominent national role in the field of Welsh for Adults.

He is the author of the successful Wlpan course for beginners, but he has also written courses and books for more experienced learners throughout north Wales.

His contribution to Bangor University was recognised in 2000 when he was made a Teaching Fellow.

Wlpan
Wlpan [ˈʊlpan] is the name of an intensive Welsh course for beginners used by some Welsh for Adults courses in Wales. It began in the mid 1970s. Courses continue to be taught, in person and through the internet. The course teaches basic patterns in as short a time as possible.

The first Wlpan course was run by the Extramural Department of the University of Aberystwyth over 6 weeks in the early summer of 1973, having been organised by Chris Rees.

The Wlpan course emphasises the spoken language, and different versions of the course are used in different parts of Wales in order to reflect regional differences in dialect, etc. Further courses are then available to take the learner to a level of fluency in Welsh.

The word Wlpan is derived from the word Ulpan, a Hebrew word meaning "studio" (אולפן‎ ulpan in Hebrew), and used to describe an intensive way of learning that language.
Portrait of Rosamond Croker
Portrait of Rosamond Croker is an 1827 portrait painting by the British artist Thomas Lawrence depicting Rosamond Croker, the adopted daughter of the Anglo-Irish politician and writer John Wilson Croker. She later married the civil servant Sir George Barrow. Lawrence served as President of the Royal Academy from 1820 and 1830 and was known for his stylish, Romantic portrayals of the Regency elite.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1827 held at Somerset House in London along with his Portrait of Julia, Lady Peel. Michael Levey described both works as "masterpieces", noting that at the time the Croker painting attracted "even more admiration and praise". Today it is in the collection of Albright–Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, having been acquired in 1945. A mezzotint based on the picture was produced by Samuel Cousins in 1828.

Buffalo AKG Art Museum
The Buffalo AKG Art Museum, formerly known as the Albright–Knox Art Gallery, is an art museum located adjacent to Delaware Park, Buffalo, New York, United States.

The museum shows modern art and contemporary art. It is directly opposite Buffalo State University and the Burchfield Penney Art Center. It is named after three major donors, John J. Albright, Seymour H. Knox II, and Jeffrey Gundlach.
Saumalkol, Aiyrtau District
Saumalkol (Kazakh: Саумалкөл; Russian: Саумалколь) is a salt lake in Aiyrtau District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake is surrounded by agricultural fields. The district capital Saumalkol town, formerly Volodarskoye, is located by the northwestern banks. The village of Krasnogorka lies near the eastern shore.

Saumalkol (North Kazakhstan)
Saumalkol (Kazakh: Саумалкөл), known as Volodarskoye until 1997, is a settlement and the administrative center of Aiyrtau District in North Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. It is the head of the Volodar rural district (KATO code - 593230100). Population: 10,234 (2009 census results); 12,010 (1999 census results).
Social Democrats (Ireland)
The Social Democrats (Irish: Na Daonlathaithe Sóisialta) are a social democratic political party in Ireland. Led by Holly Cairns since March 2023, the party was launched on 15 July 2015 by three independent TDs: Catherine Murphy, Róisín Shortall, and Stephen Donnelly. It promotes the Nordic model of political economy, pro-European views, and implementing Sláintecare, a plan to reform the Irish healthcare system.

Pro-Europeanism
Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism, is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU). The opposite of Pro-Europeanism is Euroscepticism.
Washta, Iowa
Washta is a city in Cherokee County, Iowa, United States. The population was 209 at the time of the 2020 census. It is called "The Coldest Spot in Iowa", recording a temperature of −47 °F (−44 °C) without wind chill on January 12, 1912.

Washta's name dates back to 1868 when a local man named Whisman turned his farm into a trading post/mail stop for the freight train going from Correctionville, Iowa, to Cherokee, Iowa. He was asked to be the official postmaster for the area. When asked what the name of his town would be, he recalled an interesting encounter with two Native Americans the year before: While Whisman was out hunting, the two came upon him, removed his gun, looked at it, and handed it back while saying, Wash-tay, Wash-tay, meaning "good". Changing the pronunciation slightly, Whisman decided he would call the town Washta.

Cherokee County, Iowa
Cherokee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,658. The county seat is Cherokee. The county was formed on January 15, 1851, from open territory. It was named after the Cherokee people.
Patton Village, California
Patton Village is a census-designated place in Lassen County, California. It lies at an elevation of 4111 feet (1253 m). Its population is 632 as of the 2020 census, down from 702 from the 2010 census.

Lassen County, California
Lassen County (/ˈlæsən/ ⓘ LASS-ən) is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,730, and was estimated to be 28,340 in 2024, Its county seat and the largest city is Susanville.

Lassen County comprises the Susanville, California micropolitan statistical area. A former farming, mining, and lumber area, its economy now depends on employment at one federal and two state prisons; the former in Herlong and the latter two in Susanville. In 2007, half the adults in Susanville worked in one of the facilities.
Huadong Valley
The Huadong Valley or Hualien–Taitung Valley (Chinese: 花東縱谷; pinyin: Huādōng Zònggǔ; Wade–Giles: Hua1-tung1 Tsung4-ku3), also known as East Rift Valley, the Longitudinal Valley or as the Nakasendō Plain (中仙道平野, Nakasendō Heiya) during the era of Japanese rule, is a long and narrow valley located between the Central Mountain Range and the Coastal Mountain Range of eastern Taiwan, stretching about 180 km (110 mi) from Hualien City at the north to Taitung City at the south..

The valley is believed to be part of the northern terminus of the Philippine Mobile Belt, a complex collection of tectonic plate fragments and volcanic intrusions. The valley is formed by the alluvial plains of three large river systems, namely the Hualien River, Xiuguluan River and Beinan River, all of which flow into the Pacific Ocean.

The Huadong Highway, a section of Provincial Highway No. 9, runs the entire length of the valley from north to south.

Provincial Highway 9 (Taiwan)
Provincial Highway 9 is an important highway across eastern Taiwan from Taipei City to Fangshan, Pingtung, Pingtung County. This provincial highway, at 453.851 km long, is the second-longest provincial highway in Taiwan and passes the regions of Taipei City, New Taipei City, Yilan County, Hualien County, Taitung County and Pingtung County.
Crumstone Irma
Crumstone Irma, a.k.a. Irma, was a German Shepherd Dog who assisted in the rescue of 191 people trapped under blitzed buildings while  serving with London's Civil Defence Services during the Second World War. During this period she worked with her handler and owner, Mrs Margaret Griffin, and another dog named Psyche. Noted for her ability to tell if buried victims were dead or alive, she was awarded the Dickin Medal in 1945, and is buried at the PDSA Animal Cemetery, Ilford.

Ilford Animal Cemetery
Ilford Animal Cemetery is an animal cemetery in Ilford in London, England, United Kingdom that contains over three thousand burials.  It was founded in the 1920s and is operated by the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals.  The cemetery was closed to new burials in the 1960s and gradually became neglected and overgrown before a £50,000 grant from the National Lottery led to its reopening.
Anno Domini 2000, or, Woman's Destiny
Anno Domini 2000, or, Woman's Destiny (1889) is often referred to as New Zealand's first science fiction novel. It was written by former Prime Minister of New Zealand Sir Julius Vogel while he was in England. It anticipated a utopian world where women held many positions of authority, and in fact New Zealand became the first country to give women the vote, and from 1998 to 2008 continuously had a female Prime Minister, while for a short period (2005–2006) all five highest government positions (Queen, Governor-General, Prime Minister, Speaker of the House and Chief Justice) were simultaneously held by women.

Julius Vogel
Sir Julius Vogel KCMG (24 February 1835 – 12 March 1899) was the eighth premier of New Zealand. His administration is best remembered for the issuing of bonds to fund railway construction and other public works. He was the first Jewish prime minister of New Zealand. Historian Warwick R. Armstrong assesses Vogel's strengths and weaknesses:

Vogel's politics were like his nature, imaginative – and occasionally brilliant – but reckless and speculative. He was an excellent policymaker but he needed a strong leader to restrain him....Yet Vogel had vision. He saw New Zealand as a potential 'Britain of the South Seas', strong both in agriculture and in industry, and inhabited by a large and flourishing population.
Point Cook Football Club
The Point Cook Football Club, nicknamed the Bulldogs, is an Amateur Australian rules football club, based in the Melbourne suburb of Point Cook, playing in the Western Region Football League (WRFL). The club was founded in 2003 as a junior club and expanded to senior teams in 2010. Point Cook's home ground is Saltwater Reserve.

Massimo D'Ambrosio
Massimo D'Ambrosio (born 5 June 2003) is a professional Australian rules footballer with the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), after being initially drafted to the Essendon Football Club.
Vladimir Smirnov (philosopher)
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Smirnov (1931 – 12 February 1996, in Moscow) was a Russian philosopher. He worked at both Tomsk University in Siberia and later at the Department of Logic of the Institute of Philosophy, Moscow. He revived interest in the work of Nicolai A. Vasiliev.

His doctoral thesis "Formal logic and Logical Calculi" was published in 1972.

Nicolai A. Vasiliev
Nicolai Alexandrovich Vasiliev (Russian: Николай Александрович Васильев), also Vasil'ev, Vassilieff, Wassilieff (11 July [O.S. 29 June] 1880 – December 31, 1940), was a Russian logician, philosopher, psychologist, poet. He was a forerunner of paraconsistent and multi-valued logics.
Wollaston Medal
The Wollaston Medal is a scientific award for geology and the highest award granted by the Geological Society of London, the oldest geological society in the world. It is considered to be the most prestigious award in geology, and is given for outstanding contributions to geoscience. The medal is named after English chemist William Hyde Wollaston, and was first awarded in 1831.

The Wollaston Medal was originally made of gold (1831–1845), and then palladium, which was the metal discovered by Wollaston (1846–1860). It was switched to gold again from 1861 to 1929, and then back to palladium from 1930 to present.

Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe, with more than 12,000 Fellows.

Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a registered charity, no. 210161
. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.

The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".