hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Upernavik Municipality
Upernavik Municipality was one of the municipalities of Greenland, until 31 December 2008, when it and seven other municipalities were consolidated to form the state of Qaasuitsup. The municipality was home to approximately 3,000 people, while 1,144 live in the town of Upernavik, and the remainder live in ten other settlements, including Kullorsuaq, with a population of about 400. Air Greenland operates air services to Upernavik.

Qaasuitsup
Qaasuitsup (Greenlandic pronunciation: [qaːsuitt͡sup̚], Place of Polar Darkness) was a municipality in Greenland, operational from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2017. As of January 2015, its population was 17,168. The administrative centre of the municipality was in Ilulissat (Jacobshavn).
Essilor
Essilor International is a French multinational corporation specialized in the design, manufacture and sale of ophthalmic lenses, optical equipment and instruments. It is the world's largest manufacturer of ophthalmic lenses. Founded in 1972 out of the merger of two French companies operating in the sector, Essel and Silor, it is headquartered in Charenton-le-Pont, near Paris. Since October 2018, it is a subsidiary of EssilorLuxottica which arose out of a merger between Essilor and the Italian eyewear corporation Luxottica.

In January 2017, Essilor announced a merger with Luxottica, in which Essilor would acquire the latter while Luxottica executive chairman Leonardo Del Vecchio would become co-executive chairman of the newly formed holding company, EssilorLuxottica. On 1 October 2018, the new entity was born, resulting in a combined market capitalization of approximately €57 billion.

Progressive lens
Progressive lenses are corrective lenses used in eyeglasses to correct presbyopia and other disorders of accommodation. They are characterised by a gradient of increasing lens power, added to the wearer's correction for the other refractive errors. The gradient starts at the wearer's distance prescription at the top of the lens and reaches a maximum addition power, or the full reading addition, at the bottom of the lens. The length of the progressive power gradient on the lens surface depends on the design of the lens, with a final addition power between 0.75 and 3.50 dioptres.  The addition value prescribed depends on the level of presbyopia of the patient. In general the older the patient, the higher the addition. They are also known as multifocal lenses, progressive addition lenses (PAL), varifocal lenses, progressive power lenses, graduated prescription lenses, or progressive spectacle lenses.
Artistic billiards
Artistic billiards is a cue sport played on a billiard table. A discipline of carom billiards, players aim to recreate a portion of 76 pre-set shots of varying difficulty against an opponent. Each of the 76 shots has a maximum point value assigned for perfect execution, ranging from a four-point maximum for lowest level difficulty shots, and climbing to an eleven-point maximum. There are a total of 500 points available to a player, representing the combined value of a perfect score on all 76 shots, although not all games are played with the full shot catalogue. The governing body of the sport is the Confédération International de Billard Artistique.

A version of the game, played on a pocket billiards table known as artistic pool began in the 1970s, with official competitions starting in 1993. These events are run and organised by the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA).

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Civilization: Beyond Earth
Sid Meier's Civilization: Beyond Earth is a turn-based strategy, 4X video game in the Civilization series developed by Firaxis Games, published by 2K Games and released for Microsoft Windows on October 24, 2014, the Mac App Store on November 27, 2014 and for Linux on December 18, 2014. The game's premise is that Earth became uninhabitable due to an undescribed disaster known as "the Great Mistake", forcing humanity to colonize space.  in the 23rd century  As a spiritual successor to the 1999 game Alpha Centauri, Beyond Earth shares much of its development team and some concepts, most notably its setting on an exoplanet in the future.

An expansion pack, titled Rising Tide, was released on October 9, 2015.

Mantle (API)
Mantle was a low-overhead rendering API targeted at 3D video games. AMD originally developed Mantle in cooperation with DICE, starting in 2013. Mantle was designed as an alternative to Direct3D and OpenGL, primarily for use on personal computers. In 2015, Mantle's public development was suspended and in 2019 completely discontinued, as DirectX 12 and the Mantle-derived Vulkan rose in popularity.
Gilze-Rijen railway station
Gilze-Rijen is a railway station located in Rijen, Netherlands in the municipality Gilze en Rijen. Although the railway station is located in Rijen, it's called Gilze-Rijen because of the Gilze-Rijen Air Base, just south of Rijen. The station was opened on 5 October 1863 and is located on the Breda–Eindhoven railway between Breda and Tilburg. The station is operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

Gilze en Rijen
Gilze en Rijen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɣɪlzə ʔɛn ˈrɛiə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality in the southern Netherlands. The municipality contains four villages: Rijen, Gilze, Hulten and Molenschot. It is home to the Gilze-Rijen Air Base.

Rijen grew in the 19th century due to its leather factories.
Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
The Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon was an ecclesiastical province of the patriarch of the Church of the East, with a metropolitan see in Seleucia-Ctesiphon. It existed from the fifth to the thirteenth centuries. The province consisted of a number of dioceses in the region of Beth Aramaye, between Basra and Kirkuk, which were placed under the patriarch's direct supervision at the synod of Yahballaha I in 420.

Yohannan V
Yohannan V Bar Isa was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1000 to 1011. Brief accounts of Yohannan's patriarchate are given in the Ecclesiastical Chronicle of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (fl. 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari ibn Suleiman (twelfth-century), ʿAmr ibn Mattā (fourteenth-century) and  Ṣalībā ibn Yūḥannā (fourteenth-century).
Nuclear War: A Scenario
Nuclear War: A Scenario is a 2024 non-fiction book by Pulitzer Prize–nominated American journalist Annie Jacobsen, published by Dutton and Transworld. The book combines historical analysis of U.S. nuclear war planning with a minute-by-minute account of a hypothetical first strike by North Korea against the United States, showing how the conflict escalates to global thermonuclear war within 72 minutes, leading to nuclear winter and 5 billion deaths. The work examines both the historical development of American nuclear doctrine since the 1960s and contemporary protocols that would govern U.S. response to a nuclear attack.

The book received widespread critical attention across multiple academic disciplines and achieved international bestseller status, being translated into multiple languages. The work has been recognized with major literary prize nominations and has reached high-profile readers. Soon after release, it was announced a film adaptation based on the book was in development.

The Fate of the Earth
The Fate of the Earth is a 1982 book by Jonathan Schell. Its description of the consequences of nuclear war "forces even the most reluctant person to confront the unthinkable: the destruction of humanity and possibly most life on Earth". The work is regarded as a key document in the nuclear disarmament movement.

The book is composed of three essays, which originally ran in The New Yorker in three issues in February 1982. The first, "A Republic of Insects and Grass," is a description of the consequences of a nuclear holocaust. The second, "The Second Death," is metaphysical in nature, urging readers to respect the humanity and perhaps even the divinity of future generations, who will not be born due to the self-extermination of the human race. The third, "The Choice," describes the source of the nuclear threat as the nation-state system and argues that a choice must be made between national sovereignty and survival.
Vacherie, Louisiana
Vacherie is an unincorporated community in St. James Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is part of the New Orleans Metropolitan Area. The name of the place derives from the French word for cowshed. On the SW side of the community used to be the 1,969 ft (600 m) WZRH/KVDU-Tower, a guyed mast noted as the tallest tower in the state of Louisiana. It fell in 2021 after being damaged by Hurricane Ida.

The best known location in the community is the Oak Alley Plantation. There are several other historic plantations in the area: Laura, Desire, St. Joseph, and Felicity. The last two were combined in 1890.

Vacherie was used as a filming location for the TV series True Detective.

St. James Parish, Louisiana
St. James Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Jacques) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Convent. The parish was created in 1807. St. James Parish is a part of the New Orleans–Metairie, Louisiana metropolitan statistical area, sitting between New Orleans and Baton Rouge on the Mississippi River. According to the 2020 United States census, the population was 20,192.
University Radio Nottingham
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University Radio Nottingham is the university radio station of the University of Nottingham, England, where it is part of the university's students' union.  During term-time it broadcasts locally on University Park Campus on 1350 AM and worldwide via its website. It is run by student volunteers from the University of Nottingham.

University of Nottingham Students' Union
The University of Nottingham Students' Union (often abbreviated as UoNSU ( /ˈjɒnsuː/)) is the students' union at the University of Nottingham, England. It is a representative body that aims to represent students to both the university and the wider community.

The Students' Union is housed in the Portland Building on University Park campus, a building shared with some non-student union activities. The union receives a block grant from the university of over £2 million to support its activities, although the union also raises money through income streams such as the Union shop and a bar.

All members of the University of Nottingham are automatically members of the Students' Union, unless they use their right to opt out of membership. As such the University of Nottingham Students' Union has over 34,000 members. The Union obtained charitable status in 2010 and is overseen by a Board of Trustees made up of student-elected sabbatical officers and full-time staff.
Kangiqtualujjuaq
Kangiqtualujjuaq (ᑲᖏᖅᑐᐊᓗᔾᔪᐊᖅ formerly Barrier Inlet is a body of water in Nunavut's Qikiqtaaluk Region. It lies in western Hudson Strait, forming a wedge into Baffin Island's Meta Incognita Peninsula and the western slopes of the Everett Mountains. Reversing Falls lie near the mouth of the inlet. Shaftesbury Inlet is to the northwest, while Qavarusiqtuuq is to the southeast

Iqaluit Kangiqtunga
Iqaluit Kangiqtunga (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᖓ) formerly Shaftesbury Inlet is a body of water in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It lies in western Hudson Strait, forming a wedge into Baffin Island's Meta Incognita Peninsula. The Inuit community of Kimmirut is to the northwest, while Kangiqtualujjuaq is to the southeast.
1973 NHL amateur draft
The 1973 NHL amateur draft was the 11th NHL entry draft. It was the first to be held on a separate day from other league activities on May 15, 1973, at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal, Quebec, so it would not overshadow the rest of the league meetings. Previously, the league had held the amateur draft in mid-June. It also marks the second time the meeting took place at the Mount Royal Hotel rather than the Queen Elizabeth Hotel.

Eligible for the draft were all amateur players born before January 1, 1954. The NHL paid a lump sum to the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association to support major junior hockey as a group. Teams could offer a player a contract at any time after the draft without risking re-entry in a future NHL draft.

The last active players in the NHL from this draft class were Bob Gainey and Lanny McDonald, who both retired after the 1988–89 season.

1977 NHL amateur draft
The 1977 NHL amateur draft was the 15th NHL entry draft. It was held at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal, Quebec. It was notable for the inclusion of players being drafted at 20 years of age.

This was the only draft in which the Cleveland Barons as a distinctive franchise drafted, as they would fold prior to the 1978 draft.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Gordie Roberts, who played his last NHL game in the 1993–94 season.
Dr. Lonnie Smith
Lonnie Smith (July 3, 1942 – September 28, 2021), styled Dr. Lonnie Smith, was an American jazz Hammond B3 organist who was a member of the George Benson quartet in the 1960s. He recorded albums with saxophonist Lou Donaldson for Blue Note before being signed as a solo act. He owned the label Pilgrimage, and was named the year's best organist by the Jazz Journalists Association nine times.

CTI Records
CTI Records (Creed Taylor Incorporated) is a jazz record label founded in 1967 by Creed Taylor. CTI was a subsidiary of A&M before becoming independent in 1970. Its first album was A Day in the Life by guitarist Wes Montgomery in 1967. The final release, by the CTI Jazz All-Star Band, was recorded live at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 2009, and released in November 2010 on multiple formats: CD, DVD and Blu-ray.

Its roster included George Benson, Ron Carter, Eumir Deodato, Astrud Gilberto, Freddie Hubbard, Bob James, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Hubert Laws, Airto Moreira, Stanley Turrentine, and Walter Wanderley.
Baba Ana
Baba Ana is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Baba Ana, Cireșanu, Conduratu, Crângurile, and Satu Nou.

The commune lies in the Wallachian Plain, on the banks of the river Ghighiu. It is located in the southeastern part of Prahova County, on the border with Buzău County, just south of the town of Mizil and 40 km (25 mi) east of the county seat, Ploiești.

The national road DN1B, which runs from Ploiești to Buzău via Mizil, passes close to the northern side of the commune. The A7 motorway (currently under construction) will have an exit at Cireșanu.

Mizil
Mizil (Romanian pronunciation: [miˈzil]) is a town in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. Located in the southeastern part of the county, it lies along the road between the cities of Ploiești and Buzău, and to the northeast of the national capital, Bucharest. Its position led it to become a thriving market town beginning in the 18th century, before a long period of economic decline began in the early 20th century. Agriculture gave way to industry as the chief employment under the Communist regime, but the town has continued to face difficulties in the wake of a late-1990s deindustrialisation.
Ahmed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Lieutenant General Sheikh Ahmed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Arabic: أحمد بن راشد آل مكتوم; born 12 July 1950) is the Deputy Chairman of Dubai Police & Public Security, Group Chairman of A.R.M. Holding and Dubai Real Estate Centre and Chairman of the Al Wasl FC club located in Dubai.

He is the fourth and youngest son of the late ruler, Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum (1912–1990) and the youngest brother of the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates, and Ruler of Dubai Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.

Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum (Arabic: رَاشِد بن سَعِيْد آل مَكتُوم, romanized: Rāšid bin Saʿīd Āl Maktūm; 11 June 1912 – 7 October 1990) was an Emirati royal, politician and one of the Founding Fathers of the United Arab Emirates.

Rashid bin Saeed was the first vice president and second prime minister of the United Arab Emirates, and was the ruler of Dubai from 1958–1990. His son, Maktoum, was the UAE's first prime minister. He was vice president of the UAE from the nation's independence and foundation in 1972 until his death.

Sheikh Rashid was the first Emirati vice president to serve concurrently as prime minister, when he became prime minister on 30 April 1979. After his death the office of prime minister was de facto tied to the office of vice president.

He was responsible for the transformation of Dubai from a small settlement around Dubai Creek to a modern port city, regional commercial hub and entrepôt.
LMS Stanier Class 8F
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Stanier Class 8F is a class of steam locomotives designed for hauling heavy freight. 852 were built between 1935 and 1946 (not all to LMS order), as a freight version of William Stanier's successful Black Five, and the class saw extensive service overseas during and after the Second World War.

SS Thistlegorm
SS Thistlegorm was a British cargo steamship that was built in Sunderland, North East England in 1940 and sunk by German bomber aircraft in the Red Sea in 1941. Her wreck near the Ras Muhammad National Park is now a well-known diving site.
United States declaration of war on Germany (1941)
On December 11, 1941, the United States Congress declared war on Germany (Pub. L. 77–331, Sess. 1, ch. 564, 55 Stat. 796), hours after Germany declared war on the United States after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan. The vote was approved unanimously by both houses of Congress; 88–0 in the Senate and 393–0 in the House.

Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor
Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor took place on December 7, 1941. The United States military suffered 19 ships damaged or sunk, and 2,403 people were killed. Its most significant consequence was the entrance of the United States into World War II. The US had previously been officially neutral and considered an isolationist country with its Neutrality Act but subsequently after the attack declared war on Japan the next day and entered the Pacific War. Then on December 11, 1941, four days after the Japanese attack, after the Italian declaration of war on the United States and the German declaration of war against the United States, which Hitler had orchestrated, the US was then at war with Germany and Italy.  The US then became involved in the Battle of the Atlantic and the European theatre of war as well as with Japan.

Following the attack, the US interned 120,000 Japanese Americans, 11,000 German Americans, and 3,000 Italian Americans.
Agaricus santacatalinensis
Agaricus santacatalinensis is a species of agaric fungus. Described as new to science in 1998 by Edgardo Albertó, it is found in deciduous forests of Brazil, where it grows under privets (Ligustrum) and elm (Ulmus). The fruit bodies feature caps that are 7–12 cm (2.8–4.7 in) in diameter with felt-like surfaces. Somewhat unusually, the gills mature centrifugally (from the cap center outward to the edge). Initially, they are ochre yellow before turning dark brown after the spores mature. The stipe measures 8.5–12 cm (3.3–4.7 in) long by 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) thick. It is white from the cap down to the ring, below which it becomes yellowish with orange tints. The base of the stipe has short yellowish rhizomorphs. The ring is membranous, measuring 1–2 mm thick. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown.

The spores are ellipsoid, and measure 5–5.5 by 3.5–5 μm. Agaricus santacatalinensis was initially classified in the subgenus Lanagaricus of the genus Agaricus.

Agaricus
Agaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi containing both edible and poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide and possibly again as many disputed or newly discovered species. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom (A. bisporus) and the field mushroom (A. campestris), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West.
Achnaha
Achnaha (Scottish Gaelic: Achadh na h-Àtha) is a remote village in Ardnamurchan, Lochaber, in the Scottish council area of Highland.

One of the local tourist attractions is the remnant of an old volcano, which has weathered down to the level of the old magma chamber, from which three eruptions originated.

The ring of the old cone of the volcano can clearly be seen using Google maps.

Ardnamurchan
Ardnamurchan (/ˌɑːrdnəˈmɜːrxən/, Scottish Gaelic: Àird nam Murchan [aːrˠʃtʲ nə ˈmuɾuxan]) is a 50-square-mile (130-square-kilometre) peninsula in the ward management area of Lochaber, Highland, Scotland, noted for its remoteness and rural nature. Its remoteness is accentuated by the main access route being a single track road for much of its length. The most westerly point of mainland Great Britain, Corrachadh Mòr, is in Ardnamurchan.

The area was historically ruled by the Clan MacDonald of Ardnamurchan from the 1300s until 1618.

From 1930 to 1975 Ardnamurchan also gave its name to a landward district of Argyll, which covered a much wider area, including the districts of Morvern, Sunart and Ardgour.
British Legion (1860)
The British Legion (Italian: Legione Britannica) was a military corps composed of English and Scottish volunteers, who in 1860  joined Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Expedition of the Thousand and fought for the unification of Italy, together with the Italian Redshirts, as part of their Southern Army against the Bourbon Army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Officially they were "Garibaldi Excursionists" to avoid any problems of diplomatic appearance and were recruited by Major Styles, who appears in the engraving wearing his uniform and medal of the Crimean War.

The departure of "The British Legion" was financed by the "Garibaldi Special Fund Committee", one of the British organizations supporting the unification of Italy.

Southern Army (Italy)
The Southern Army (Italian: esercito meridionale) was the force of around 50,000 Italian and foreign volunteers which formed as a result of the Expedition of the Thousand. The name was coined by Giuseppe Garibaldi. Its officers wore red uniforms and so - like the Thousand - the force's rank and file became known as redshirts. It was dissolved before the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy.
Aurgazinsky District
Aurgazinsky District (Russian: Аургази́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ауырғазы районы, Awırğazı rayonı; Tatar: Авыргазы районы, Awırğazı rayonı; Chuvash: Авăркас районӗ, Avărkas rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders Karmaskalinsky District in the north, Gafuriysky District in the east, Sterlitamaksky District in the south, and with Alsheyevsky and Davlekanovsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 2,014 square kilometers (778 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Tolbazy. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 36,970, with the population of Tolbazy accounting for 27.4% of that number.

Alsheyevsky District
Alsheyevsky District (Russian: Альше́евский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Әлшәй районы, Älşäy rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is 2,415 square kilometers (932 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Rayevsky. As of the 2021 Russian census, Alsheyevsky District has a population of 36,799.