hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Høgheitinden
Høgheitinden is a mountain in Hustadvika Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 694-metre (2,277 ft) tall mountain sits immediately to the northeast of the village of Elnesvågen. Locals refer to the mountain as Heiane, and they distinguish between the popular ridge and the summit using the names Lågheiane for the ridge and Høgheiane for the summit.

Hustadvika Municipality
Hustadvika is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the traditional districts of Nordmøre and Romsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Elnesvågen. Other villages in the municipality include Hustad, Bud, Tornes, Sylte, Malme, Aureosen, Eide, Lyngstad, Vevang, and Visnes.

The 522-square-kilometre (202 sq mi) municipality is the 202nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Hustadvika Municipality is the 92nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 13,437. The municipality's population density is 25.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (67/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Minor suit
In contract bridge the minor suits are diamonds (♦) and clubs (♣). They are given that name because contracts made in those suits score less (20 per contracted trick) than contracts made in the major suits (30 per contracted trick), and they rank lower in bidding. In particular, one can make game with a four-level bid in a major suit, while a five-level bid is required in a minor. Of the two minor suits, diamonds rank higher than clubs.

Glossary of contract bridge terms
These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge, and other trick-taking games. This glossary supplements the Glossary of card game terms.

In the following entries, boldface links are external to the glossary and plain links reference other glossary entries.
International Emmy Award for Best Actor
The International Emmy Award for Best Performance by an Actor is presented by the International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (IATAS). It honors outstanding male performances in programs originally created for television and initially produced and aired outside the United States.

Stephen Dillane
Stephen John Dillane (/dɪˈleɪn/; born 27 March 1957) is a British actor. He is best known for his roles as Leonard Woolf in the 2002 film The Hours, Stannis Baratheon in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones (2012–2015) and Thomas Jefferson in the HBO miniseries John Adams (2008), a part which earned him a Primetime Emmy nomination. An experienced stage actor who has been called an "actor's actor", Dillane won a Tony Award for his lead performance in Tom Stoppard's play The Real Thing (2000) and gave critically acclaimed performances in Angels in America (1993), Hamlet (1990), and a one-man Macbeth (2005). His television work has additionally garnered him BAFTA and International Emmy Awards for best actor.
Badaling Expressway
The Badaling Expressway (Simplified Chinese: 八达岭高速公路, Traditional Chinese: 八達嶺高速公路, Hanyu Pinyin: Bādálíng Gāosù Gōnglù) is an expressway in China which links urban Beijing to the Badaling stretch of the Great Wall of China. It continues toward Yanqing and leaves Beijing, becoming the Jingzhang Expressway.

Starting north of Madian Overpass on the Northern 3rd Ring Road, it runs for approximately 50 kilometres in a direction toward Beijing's north-west.

The Badaling Expressway gets its name from the Badaling stretch of the Great Wall.

G4501 Beijing 6th Ring Expressway
The 6th Ring Road (Chinese: 六环路; pinyin: Liùhuán Lù) is an expressway ring road in Beijing, China,  which runs around the city approximately 15–20 kilometres (9.3–12.4 mi) from the center of the city. The 6th Ring Road is approximately 220 kilometres (140 mi) long.

The road is numbered G4501 and is considered a peripheral segment of the G45 Daqing-Guangzhou Expressway. The Sixth Ring Road was opened for regular traffic on 12 September 2009.
Erythrosine
Erythrosine, also known as E127 and Red No. 3, is an organoiodine compound, specifically a derivative of fluorone. It is a red-pink dye used for food coloring, cosmetics, hair coloring, pet products, and diverse industrial colorings. It is the disodium salt of 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein.

Organoiodine chemistry
Organoiodine chemistry is the study of the synthesis and properties of organoiodine compounds, or organoiodides, organic compounds that contain one or more carbon–iodine bonds.  They occur widely in organic chemistry, but are relatively rare in nature.  The thyroxine hormones are organoiodine compounds that are required for health and the reason for government-mandated iodization of salt.
Variations on an Elizabethan Theme
Variations on an Elizabethan Theme (also seen as Variations on Sellinger's Round) is a set of variations for string orchestra, written collaboratively in 1952 by six English composers: Lennox Berkeley, Benjamin Britten, Arthur Oldham, Humphrey Searle, Michael Tippett and William Walton.

Imogen Holst also played an important role in orchestrating the overall work, but she did not write a variation of her own.

The variations were written to celebrate the forthcoming coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953. (Benjamin Britten also wrote his opera Gloriana in honour of this occasion.)

Classical music written in collaboration
In classical music, it is relatively rare for a work to be written in collaboration by multiple composers. This contrasts with popular music, where it is common for more than one person to contribute to the music for a song. Nevertheless, there are instances of collaborative classical music compositions.
Digital Cinema Media
Digital Cinema Media (DCM) is an advertising company, supplying cinema advertisements to Cineworld, Odeon, and Vue cinema chains, as well as some independent cinema chains. The company was formed in July 2008 and is a joint venture between Cineworld and Odeon.

Pearl & Dean Ireland
Mepro Limited, trading as Pearl & Dean Ireland, formerly known as Carlton Screen Advertising and Wide Eye Media, is a cinema advertising company in Ireland. The company is owned by SGO Products Ltd and is a sister company to Pearl & Dean.
Cedarvale Winery
Cedarvale Winery is a winery in Logan Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey. A family produce farm since 1905, the vineyard was first planted in 2004, and opened to the public in 2008. Cedarvale has 8 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 2,500 cases of wine per year. The winery is named for the cedar swamps bordering the farm.

Logan Township, New Jersey
Logan Township is a township in Gloucester County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 6,000, a decrease of 42 (−0.7%) from the 2010 census count of 6,042, which in turn reflected an increase of 10 (+0.2%) from the 6,032 counted in the 2000 census.

Logan Township was formed as West Woolwich Township by the New Jersey Legislature on March 7, 1877, from portions of Woolwich Township. That name lasted just less than a year, as the name was changed to Logan Township as of March 6, 1878. The community is named for John Alexander "Black Jack" Logan, a Union Army general who was behind the establishment of Memorial Day as a national holiday.
Markus Koch
Markus Koch (born February 13, 1963) is a German-born former professional American football defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins team which won a Super Bowl in 1988. He played high school football at the Eastwood Collegiate Institute in Kitchener, Ontario and played college football at Boise State University.

Koch served as vice president of the Seattle chapter of the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA).

Having finished his career before the internet age, Koch is overlooked by the media, which call Sebastian Vollmer of the Patriots the first German to be drafted (2nd, 2009) by the NFL and to win a Super Bowl. This is because Koch, unlike Vollmer, never learned the sport at a German club and never played in a German amateur league.

Sebastian Vollmer
Sebastian Georg Vollmer (German pronunciation: [zeˈbasti̯a(ː)n ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfɔlmɐ]; born 10 July 1984) is a German former professional American football player who was an offensive tackle for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Houston Cougars and was selected by the Patriots in the second round of the 2009 NFL draft and played his entire eight-year career with the team. He was named a second-team All-Pro in 2010.
Koyukon
The Koyukon, Dinaa, or Denaa (Denaakk'e: Tl’eeyegge Hut’aane) are an Alaska Native Athabascan people of the Athabascan-speaking ethnolinguistic group. Their traditional territory is along the Koyukuk and Yukon rivers where they subsisted for thousands of years by hunting and trapping. Many Koyukon live in a similar manner today.

The Koyukon language belongs to a large family called Athabascan, which in turn is a branch of the larger Na-Dené languages traditionally spoken by numerous groups of native people throughout northwestern North America. In addition, ancient migrations of related peoples led to other Na-Dené languages, such as Navajo and Apachean languages, being spoken in the American Southwest and in Mexico.

Alaskan Athabaskans
The Alaskan Athabascans, Alaskan Athapascans or Dena (Russian: атабаски Аляски, атапаски Аляски) are Alaska Native peoples of the Athabaskan-speaking ethnolinguistic group. They are considered the descendants of the original inhabitants of the interior of Alaska.

Formerly they identified as a people by the word Tinneh (nowadays Dena; cf. Dene for Canadian Athabaskans). Taken from their own language, it means simply "men" or "people".
EverQuest Next
EverQuest Next was a planned massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), meant to be the successor to EverQuest, EverQuest Online Adventures and EverQuest II. The game was in development by the Daybreak Game Company, but the project was terminated in 2016.

The game was not planned to be a sequel or prequel to any of the games in the EverQuest franchise; it was planned to present to players a "parallel world" of Norrath, one in which some of the locations and characters may be familiar, but specific relationships and events can diverge from the official storylines of the other games. The developers had stated an intention to return to a style of gameplay more like the original EverQuest, while retaining the advances in MMORPG design that have developed in the years since that game first launched.

Daybreak Game Company
Daybreak Game Company LLC is an American video game developer based in San Diego. The company was founded in December 1997 as Sony Online Entertainment (a subsidiary of Sony Computer Entertainment) but was spun off to an independent investor in February 2015 and renamed Daybreak Game Company. On December 1, 2020, Daybreak Game Company entered into an agreement to be acquired by Enad Global 7.

They are known for owning, maintaining, and creating additional content for the games EverQuest, EverQuest II, The Matrix Online, PlanetSide, Star Wars Galaxies, Clone Wars Adventures, Free Realms, Vanguard: Saga of Heroes, DC Universe Online, PlanetSide 2, H1Z1: Just Survive, and H1Z1: King of the Kill, along with more recent acquisitions Dungeons & Dragons Online, Magic: The Gathering Online, The Lord of the Rings Online, and Palia.
Rubén González (pianist)
Rubén González Fontanills (26 May 1919 – 8 December 2003) was a Cuban pianist. Together with Lilí Martínez and Peruchín he is said to have "forged the style of modern Cuban piano playing in the 1940s".

Between the 1940s and his retirement in the 1980s, he played with Cuba's most successful acts, including Paulina Álvarez, Arsenio Rodríguez, Orquesta América del 55, Orquesta Riverside and Enrique Jorrín. In the 1990s, he came out of retirement to play in the revival ensembles Afro-Cuban All Stars and Buena Vista Social Club, also recording solo material and performing live until 2002.

Rubén González (album)
Rubén González is the first studio album by Cuban pianist Rubén González. It was recorded and released in 1975, on Areito.: 1  The original LP was released with two different designs, one by Hipólito Cabrera featuring González on the cover, and one by Amaury Febles featuring a beach on the cover with the title Piano. It was reissued on CD by EGREM in 1997, titled Indestructible.

The album features González on piano, accompanied by a rhythm section comprising members of Enrique Jorrín's orchestra.
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players (1991)
FIBA's 50 Greatest Players (1991), or 50 Greatest FIBA Players (1991), is the list of the 50 greatest players in the history of FIBA international basketball competition, as selected in 1991, by FIBA's official monthly magazine publication, FIBA Basket.

Bob Morse
Robert Duncan Morse (born January 4, 1951) is an American former professional basketball player. He was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players in 1991. In 2008, Morse was chosen as one of the 50 most influential personalities in European club basketball, over the previous half-century. He was inducted into the Italian Basketball Hall of Fame in 2023.
Thomas Egerton, 2nd Earl of Wilton
Thomas Egerton, 2nd Earl of Wilton, GCH, PC (30 December 1799 – 7 March 1882), known as Thomas Grosvenor until 1814, was a British nobleman and Tory politician. He served as Lord Steward of the Household in 1835 in Sir Robert Peel's first government.

Egerton family
The Egerton family (pronunciation: "edge-er-ton") is a British aristocratic family. Over time, several members of the Egerton family were made Dukes, Earls, knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the Egerton family include the dukedoms of Bridgewater (1720–1803) and Sutherland (since 1963), as well as the earldoms of Bridgewater (1617–1829), Wilton (1801–1999) and Egerton (1897–1909). Several other members of the family have also risen to prominence. The Egerton family motto is Virtuti non armis fido ("I put my faith in valour not arms").
Top of the Mont Blanc
The so-called Top of the Mont Blanc is a collection piece on display in the Oval Room of  Teylers Museum. The specimen was cut off from the highest findable piece of exposed rock of the Rocher de la Tournette, 4,677 metres (15,344 ft) high on the snow covered summit ridge of the Mont Blanc on 3 August 1787, during one of the first climbs of the mountain by the Swiss scientific pioneer Horace Bénédict de Saussure.

Teylers Oval Room
The Oval Room in the Teylers Museum was the first part of the museum (though it was not called a museum yet) that was opened in 1784. It could be entered through the garden of the fundatiehuis, the former home of Pieter Teyler van der Hulst. The building has an oval shape built around its centerpiece, a mineralogical cabinet. The Oval Room consists of two floors; the ground floor with its display cabinets and a gallery of books that connects to the Teylers Library. On top of the room, on the roof, the astronomical observatory used to be a landmark that could be seen for miles along the river Spaarne. The gallery and observatory  are longer accessible to the public, though the gallery can be seen from the ground floor.
Cynognathus Assemblage Zone
The Cynognathus Assemblage Zone is a tetrapod biozone utilized in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. It is equivalent to the Burgersdorp Formation, the youngest lithostratigraphic formation in the Beaufort Group, which is part of the fossiliferous and geologically important Karoo Supergroup. The Cynognathus Assemblage Zone is the youngest of the eight biozones found in the Beaufort Group, and is considered to be late Early Triassic (Olenekian) to early Middle Triassic (Anisian) in age (around 247 Ma). The name of the biozone refers to Cynognathus crateronotus, a large and carnivorous cynodont therapsid which occurs throughout the entire biozone.

Cricodon
Cricodon is an extinct genus of trirachodontid cynodonts that lived during the Early Triassic and Middle Triassic periods of Africa. A. W. Crompton named Cricodon based on the ring-like arrangement of the cuspules on the crown of a typical postcanine tooth. The epithet of the type species, C. metabolus, indicates the change in structure of certain postcanines resulting from replacement.
Hebrews 2
Hebrews 2 is the second chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author is anonymous, although the internal reference to "our brother Timothy" (Hebrews 13:23) causes a traditional attribution to Paul, but this attribution has been disputed since the second century and there is no decisive evidence for the authorship. This chapter contains the implications for responding to God's Son, the Son's subjection and glorification, to the believers' benefits.

Psalm 8
Psalm 8 is the eighth psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning and ending in English in the King James Version (KJV): "O LORD, our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!". In Latin, it is known as "Domine Dominus noster". Its authorship is traditionally assigned to King David. Like Psalms 81 and 84, this psalm opens with a direction to the chief musician to perform upon the gittith, which either refers to a musical instrument, a style of performance, or alludes to persons and places in biblical history.

Commentator Cyril Rodd describes this as a "well-known and greatly loved psalm ... usually classified as a hymn". It forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has often been set to music, and has inspired hymns such as "For the Beauty of the Earth" and "How Great Thou Art".
Connected Data Objects
Connected Data Objects (CDO) is a free implementation of a Distributed Shared Model on top of the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF).

With CDO, programmers can easily enhance existing EMF models in such a way that they can be stored and subsequently maintained in a central model repository. While object relational mapping against a JDBC data source on the server side is the shipped default, CDO provides for pluggable storage adapters that allow you to develop and use different mappers (like  Hibernate- or OODB-based). On the client side, CDO provides a default integration with EMF, the Eclipse Modeling Framework, although other model integrations on top of the CDO protocol are imaginable as well.

Eclipse Modeling Framework
Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) is an Eclipse-based modeling framework and code generation facility for building tools and other applications based on a structured data model.

From a model specification described in XML Metadata Interchange (XMI), EMF provides tools and runtime support to produce a set of Java classes for the model, a set of adapter classes that enable viewing and command-based editing of the model, and a basic editor. Models can be specified using annotated Java, UML, XML documents, or modeling tools, then imported into EMF. Most important of all, EMF provides the foundation for interoperability with other EMF-based tools and applications.
Stochastic gradient descent
Stochastic gradient descent (often abbreviated SGD) is an iterative method for optimizing an objective function with suitable smoothness properties (e.g. differentiable or subdifferentiable). It can be regarded as a stochastic approximation of gradient descent optimization, since it replaces the actual gradient (calculated from the entire data set) by an estimate thereof (calculated from a randomly selected subset of the data). Especially in high-dimensional optimization problems this reduces the very high computational burden, achieving faster iterations in exchange for a lower convergence rate.

The basic idea behind stochastic approximation can be traced back to the Robbins–Monro algorithm of the 1950s. Today, stochastic gradient descent has become an important optimization method in machine learning.

Least mean squares filter
Least mean squares (LMS) algorithms are a class of adaptive filter used to mimic a desired filter by finding the filter coefficients that relate to producing the least mean square of the error signal (difference between the desired and the actual signal). It is a stochastic gradient descent method in that the filter is only adapted based on the error at the current time.  It was invented in 1960 by Stanford University professor Bernard Widrow and his first Ph.D. student, Ted Hoff, based on their research into single-layer neural networks. Specifically, they used gradient descent to train an ADALINE to recognize patterns, and called the algorithm "delta rule". They applied the rule to filters, resulting in the LMS algorithm.
Snowdon Massif
The Snowdon Massif, Snowdon Range, or Yr Wyddfa massif, is one of the three mountain groups in Snowdonia (Eryri), north Wales, to include mountains over 3,000 feet (914 m) high. It occupies the area between Beddgelert, Pen-y-Pass and Llanberis. It is surrounded by the Glyderau to the north-east, Moel Siabod to the east, the Moelwynion to the south, Moel Hebog, the Nantlle Ridge and Mynydd Mawr to the west, and by flatter land leading down to Caernarfon and the Menai Strait to the north-west.

The Snowdon Horseshoe is the name given to the semi-circular ring of ridges and peaks on Snowdon's (Yr Wyddfa) eastern side, i.e. facing down Dyffryn Mymbyr towards Capel Curig. The peaks in the Horseshoe are those of Y Lliwedd, Snowdon, Garnedd Ugain and Crib Goch.

Dyffryn Mymbyr
Dyffryn Mymbyr is a valley in Snowdonia, in north-west Wales, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) in length, and leading up from Capel Curig to the Pen-y-Gwryd hotel.

The river Nantygwryd, originally called Y Mymbyr in Llywelyn the Great's charter of 1198, starts at Llyn Cwm-y-ffynnon, high above the Pen-y-Gwryd hotel, and flows into Llynnau Mymbyr going towards Capel Curig.  The valley, like the river, lies both in Gwynedd and Conwy County Borough.

Today there are at least two active, hill rearing,  sheep farms; Garth, featured in the 1967 BBC Wales documentary "Shepherds of Moel Siabod", and Cwm Farm.

The area commands excellent views of the Snowdon horseshoe, which (viewed left to right) takes in the peaks of Y Lliwedd, Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), Crib Goch and Crib y Ddysgl.

The valley is the location of the Capel Curig weather station, which on many occasions has recorded the wettest weather in Wales .
Heterocyphelium
Heterocyphelium is a lichen genus in the family Lecanographaceae. It was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in 1927, with H. leucampyx assigned as the type species. The genus remained monotypic until a new species, H. triseptatum, was described in 2017 from collections made in Brazil.

Lecanographaceae
Lecanographaceae is a family of mostly lichens (also some lichenicolous fungi) in the order Arthoniales. The family was circumscribed in 2014, prompted by a molecular phylogenetic-based restructuring of the Arthoniales.