hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Camp Alert (California)
Camp Alert was an American Civil War Union Army, training camp located at the Pioneer Race Course, near San Francisco, north of Bernal Heights.  Today the site location is within the city, between 24th and 25th Streets (north and south) and Folsom and Mission Streets (east and west).

Camp Alert was first used in 1862, as the place where the 2nd Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry was headquartered, organized and trained before moving to their headquarters to Utah Territory.  Although the last unit of the 2nd California Volunteer Cavalry left April 30, 1863, it remained as a post until 1865.

Pioneer Race Course
Pioneer Race Course, also known as the Pioneer Race Track, was a horse race track opened in March 1851, in the southern Mission District of San Francisco, California.

Pioneer was the first race course in San Francisco. At the time that it was built, no streets existed in the neighborhood. After construction, it appears to have been bounded by 24th St. (formerly Park St.), 26th St. (formerly Navy St.), Capp St., and Florida St.

It was funded and built by local businessmen George Treat and his brother John Treat. The racetrack was physically built by Alfred Green.

The race course was sold to the San Francisco Homestead Association in 1862 (or 1863) for $500 per acre, but would be worth $20,000 per acre within a decade. Lots within the property were auctioned in 1864. Early houses built within the property are now part of the Shotwell Street historic district, and another house within the property may be the oldest remaining home building in San Francisco.
Florence (CDP), New Jersey
Florence is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Florence Township, in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, that was established as part of the 2010 United States census. As of the 2000 United States census, the CDP was combined as Florence-Roebling, which had a total population of 8,200. As of the 2010 Census, the Florence-Roebling CDP was split into its components, Roebling (with a population of 3,715) and Florence. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the Florence CDP was 4,426.

Florence Township, New Jersey
Florence Township is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 12,812, an increase of 703 (+5.8%) from the 2010 census count of 12,109, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,363 (+12.7%) from the 10,746 counted in the 2000 census. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

Florence was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 7, 1872, from portions of Mansfield Township. The township was named for Florence, Italy.
Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae
Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae ("The Great Art of Light and Shadow") is a 1645 work by the Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher. It was dedicated to Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans and published in Rome by Lodovico Grignani. A second edition was published in Amsterdam in 1671 by Johann Jansson.: xxxiii  Ars Magna was the first description published in Europe of the illumination and projection of images. The book contains the first printed illustration of Saturn and the 1671 edition also contained a description of the magic lantern.: 15

Ars magna lucis et umbrae followed soon after Kircher's work on magnetism, Magnes sive de Arte Magnetica (1641) and the title was a play on words. In his introduction Kircher notes that the word 'magna' alluded to the powers of the magnet, so that the title could also be read "The Magnetic Art of Light and Shadow". The work was well known for several decades.: 101

Magic lantern
The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, is an early type of image projector that uses pictures—paintings, prints, or photographs—on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source. Because a single lens inverts an image projected through it (as in the phenomenon which inverts the image of a camera obscura), slides are inserted upside down in the magic lantern, rendering the projected image correctly oriented.

It was mostly developed in the 17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes. It was increasingly used for education during the 19th century. Since the late 19th century, smaller versions were also mass-produced as toys. The magic lantern was in wide use from the 18th century until the mid-20th century when it was superseded by a compact version that could hold many 35 mm photographic slides: the slide projector.
Tadamon massacre
The Tadamon massacre (Arabic: مجزرة حي التضامن) took place in the vicinity of the Othman Mosque in the Tadamon neighbourhood of the Syrian capital of Damascus, on 16 April 2013 during the Syrian civil war. Soldiers affiliated with the Syrian Arab Armed Forces, specifically Branch 227 (Damascus branch) of the Military Intelligence Directorate, killed at least 41 civilians, with the total death toll  suspected to be up to 288 people.  Victims were taken to one of the isolated neighborhoods of Damascus and executed one after the other in a mass grave that had been prepared in advance. Syrian intelligence officer Major Amjad Yousef (Arabic: أمجد يوسف) was filmed committing the massacre.

It was first reported in an investigation published in English by the American New Lines Magazine in coordination with Syrian Media collective Al Jumhuriya, in Arabic, and in a report covering the investigation by the British newspaper The Guardian.

Mass graves in Syria
A number of mass graves were uncovered after the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024. The primary site was located in al-Qutayfah, approximately 37 km (23 mi) north of Damascus, with additional mass graves discovered throughout the southern Damascus countryside and in southern Syria. The primary al-Qutayfah site was predicted by investigators to contain the human remains of at least 100,000 people who had been systematically and extrajudicially killed.
Ensō
In Zen art, an ensō (円相, "circular form") is a circle hand-drawn in one or two uninhibited brushstrokes to express the Zen mind, which is associated with enlightenment, emptiness, freedom, and the state of no-mind.

Japanese calligraphy
Japanese calligraphy (書道, Shodō), also called Shūji (習字), is a form of calligraphy, or artistic writing, of the Japanese language. Written Japanese was originally based on Chinese characters only, but the advent of the hiragana and katakana Japanese syllabaries resulted in intrinsically Japanese calligraphy styles.
Orders, decorations, and medals of Timor-Leste
The system of orders, decorations, and medals of Timor-Leste (formerly East Timor) was initially established with the passage of The Statute of the National Liberation Combatants in 2006. Under Article 26 of this statute was established a system to recognize the contributions of those who actively participated in the liberation of Timor-Leste. In March 2009, additional medals were established to honor those who, "have served the nation of East Timor by reinforcing the social order and whose actions have contributed significantly to national peace and stability." Finally, in May 2009, the Order of Timor-Leste was established as the highest currently awarded distinction of Timor-Leste.

In June 2011, a system of public safety medals was established for the National Police of Timor-Leste. In December 2015, an Order of Merit of Public Service was established with both individual and institutional categories.

Order of Timor-Leste
The Order of Timor-Leste (Portuguese: Ordem de Timor-Leste) is the highest honour currently awarded by Timor-Leste.  Established in 2009, the order was created after the original honours granted by Timor-Leste.  It is of a more general and broader nature than the original orders related to Timor-Leste's independence.  The order recognises the contributions of East Timorese and foreign nationals who have made a significant contribution to Timor-Leste, the Timorese or Mankind in general.
Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.

B. H. Liddell Hart
Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart (31 October 1895 – 29 January 1970), commonly known throughout most of his career as Captain B. H. Liddell Hart, was a British soldier, military historian, and military theorist. He wrote a series of military histories that proved influential among strategists. Arguing that frontal assault was bound to fail at great cost in lives, as proven in World War I, he recommended the "indirect approach" and reliance on fast-moving armoured formations.

His pre-war publications are known to have influenced German World War II strategy, though he was accused of prompting captured generals to exaggerate his part in the development of blitzkrieg tactics. 
He also helped promote the Rommel myth and the "clean Wehrmacht" argument for political purposes, when the Cold War necessitated the recruitment of a new West German army.
Kawaihae, Hawaii
Kawaihae is an unincorporated community on the west side of the island of Hawaiʻi in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi, 35 miles (56 km) north of Kailua-Kona. Its harbor is one of only three on the island, together with that of Hilo and Honokohau Harbor.

Kohala, Hawaii
Kohala (Hawaiian pronunciation: [koˈhɐlə]) is the name of the northwest peninsula of the island of Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian Archipelago. In ancient Hawaii it was often ruled by an independent High Chief called the Aliʻi Nui. In modern times it is divided into two districts of Hawaii County: North Kohala and South Kohala. Locals commonly use the name Kohala to refer to the census-designated places of Halaʻula, Hāwī, and Kapaʻau collectively. The dry western shore is commonly known as the Kohala Coast, which has golf courses and seaside resorts.
American Literature Association
The American Literature Association (ALA) is "a coalition of societies devoted to the study of American authors". It has some 110 affiliated societies, mostly concerned with the work of a particular author (e.g. the Emily Dickinson International Society or the Thoreau Society), some thematic such as the Society of Early Americanists. It was founded in 1989.

It holds an annual conference, alternating between east coast and west coast venues, attracting about 850 delegates. Some societies choose to have one of their own main meetings as part of the ALA conference, and many sessions of the conference are sponsored by member societies.  There are no plenary sessions at the conference, but seven or eight simultaneous events in each time slot.

The ALA has an executive board and a "Council of American Authors Societies", which represents the member organizations. The executive director is Alfred Bendixen, who has held this post since the association's beginnings in 1989.

Thoreau Society
Founded in 1941, the Thoreau Society is the oldest and largest organization dedicated to an American author. It is based in Concord, Massachusetts, United States, at the house where Henry David Thoreau was born in 1817. With members from all 50 states and countries around the world, the Society disseminates knowledge about Thoreau by collecting books, manuscripts, and artifacts relating to Thoreau and his contemporaries, by encouraging the use of its extensive collections, and by publishing two periodicals, the Thoreau Society Bulletin and the Concord Saunterer.

The Thoreau Society archives are housed at the Walden Woods Project's Thoreau Institute Library in Lincoln, Massachusetts. This repository includes the collections of Walter Harding and Raymond Adams, two of the foremost authorities on Thoreau and founders of the Thoreau Society; and those of Roland W. Robbins, who uncovered Thoreau's Walden house site.
Discovery Museum
The Discovery Museum is a science museum and local history museum situated in Blandford Square in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It displays many exhibits of local history, including the ship, Turbinia. It is managed by North East Museums.

North East Museums
North East Museums (previously Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums) is a regional group of United Kingdom museums and the county archives service located across the Tyne and Wear area of north-east England. They have been administered by a joint board of local authorities since the abolition of the Tyne and Wear Metropolitan County Council in 1986.

They receive financial support from the five local authorities they operate within and since 2012, Arts Council England. The service is one of those specified in the Designation Scheme administered by Arts Council England. In the past, the service received additional financial support from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

Since 2021, the director has been Keith Merrin.

On 26 November 2024 Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums rebranded as North East Museums

On 1 April 2025, three Northumberland venues were added to the list of nine existing managed venues.
Thomas H. Eliot
Thomas Hopkinson Eliot (June 14, 1907 – October 14, 1991) was an American lawyer, politician, and academic who served as chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis and as a congressman in the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts.

Buckingham Browne & Nichols School
Buckingham Browne & Nichols School, often referred to as BB&N, is an independent  co-educational day school in Cambridge, Massachusetts, educating students from pre-kindergarten (called Beginners) through twelfth grade. Graduates of the school include three of the 27 Presidential Scholars from Massachusetts since the inception of the program in 1964; the school is a member of the G30 Schools group and the Round Square global education association.
Conor McDonald
Conor McDonald (born 22 September 1995) is an Irish hurler who plays for Wexford Senior Championship club Naomh Éanna and at inter-county level with the Wexford senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a full-forward.

2015 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 2015 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 52nd staging of the All-Ireland championship for since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964. The draws for the various 2015 fixtures took place in October 2014. The championship began on 27 May 2015 and ended on 12 September 2015.

Clare were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial decider. Limerick won the title following a 0-26 to 1-7 defeat of Wexford in the final.
Chichibu Railway
The Chichibu Railway Company, Ltd. (秩父鉄道株式会社, Chichibu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a small-sector private railway company operating a railway line in northern Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In addition to its railway operations, the company deals in the real estate and tourism industries. It managed the Mitsumine Ropeway (三峰ロープウェイ) until it closed in December 2007 and the Mikajiri Line until its closure in 2020.
Taiheiyo Cement is its largest shareholder, and one of Chichibu Railway's main operations is the transportation of limestone from Mount Bukō. The railway's passenger services concentrate on the tourism industry, as there are popular destinations along the line. A train hauled by a steam locomotive also operates regularly during some seasons, attracting tourists from around the country.

Hanyū Station
Hanyū Station (羽生駅, Hanyū-eki) is an interchange passenger railway station in located in the city of Hanyū, Saitama, Japan, jointly operated by the private railway operators Tōbu Railway and Chichibu Railway.
England women's national rugby sevens team
The English women's national rugby sevens team has competed in the Hong Kong Women's Sevens tournaments since 1997. England are also one of six teams announced by the International Rugby Board as "core teams" that competed in all four rounds of the inaugural IRB Women's Sevens World Series in 2012–13. England won the bronze medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

At the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens they lost to Ireland in the opening game of the tournament and were knocked out of the Championship Cup. They defeated Japan to win the Challenge Trophy Final and placed ninth overall. England, representing Great Britain, won the 2019 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens, thus qualifying for the 2020 Olympics.

Ireland women's national rugby sevens team
The Ireland women's national rugby sevens team participates in international competitions such as the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series, the Rugby World Cup Sevens, the Rugby Europe Women's Sevens and Rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics. Unlike the Ireland women's national rugby union team, the sevens team is a professional team with players contracted to the Irish Rugby Football Union.
Lagonda LG45
The Lagonda LG45 is a sports car built by the British Lagonda company from 1936 until 1937. It was an evolution of the Lagonda M45.

The name of the car comes from the L.G. Motors brand and the displacement of its engine being 4.5 litres. It was unveiled in September 1935. It had hydraulic shock absorbers.

In 1936, a Lagonda LG45 was entered in the 24 Hours of Spa, it finished in fourth place and was driven by Richard Seaman and Freddie Clifford. It also entered the 1936 French Grand Prix, and the 1937 24 Hours of Le Mans.

Lagonda
Lagonda is a British luxury car brand established in 1906, which has been owned by Aston Martin since 1947. The trade-name has not had a continuous commercial existence, being dormant several times, most recently from 1995 to 2008, 2010 to 2013, and 2016 onward.
1965 German Grand Prix
The 1965 German Grand Prix (formally the XXVII Großer Preis von Deutschland) was a Formula One motor race held at Nürburgring on August 1, 1965. It was race 7 of 10 in both the 1965 World Championship of Drivers and the 1965 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 15-lap race was won by Jim Clark, who in his Lotus-Climax, took pole position, the fastest lap of the race, and led every lap. The victory ensured that Clark won the World Championship of Drivers with three races left to go. It also meant that Lotus won the 1965 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers at the same time. BRM driver, Graham Hill, finished the race in second position in front of Brabham-Climax driver, Dan Gurney, who completed the podium by finishing third. Clark's victory was his 3rd grand slam of the season and the final grand slam of his career.

1965 Formula One season
The 1965 Formula One season was the 19th season of FIA Formula One racing. It featured the 16th World Championship of Drivers, the 8th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, and seven non-championship races open to Formula One cars. The World Championship was contested over ten races between 1 January and 24 October 1965.

Jim Clark won the Drivers' Championship in a Lotus-Climax. It was his second and last championship. Lotus were also awarded the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers for the second time. The season saw the debut for future World Champion Jackie Stewart, who finished third in the World Drivers' Championship.
Register of data controllers
The register of data controllers was a United Kingdom database under the control of the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) mandated by section 19 of the Data Protection Act 1998.: Section 19

The register of fee payers is the name of an equivalent register established under the Data Protection Act 2018, which implements the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

Registration under either Act carries a fee, the proceeds of which fund the costs of the ICO. Any entry may be inspected by the public at any time at no cost to the enquirer.

Data Protection Act 2018
The Data Protection Act 2018 (c. 12) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which updates data protection laws in the UK. It is a national law which complements the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and replaces the Data Protection Act 1998.

The act was to be significantly amended by the Data Protection and Digital Information Bill. That bill was abandoned due to the 2024 United Kingdom general election, but the phased implementation of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 will make changes to the operation of the 2018 Act.
Wood End Light
Wood End Light Lookout Station is a historic lighthouse, located at the southwest end of Long Point in Provincetown, Massachusetts. It is located at Wood End, near the southernmost extent of the Provincetown Spit, and acts as a navigational aid to vessels on their approach to Provincetown Harbor. The Long Point Light Station, further down the peninsula at the tip of Long Point is an identical design and completed in 1875, three years after Wood End Light.

The light was first illuminated on November 20, 1872, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.  In 1981, Wood End Light became the first Massachusetts lighthouse to be converted to use solar energy to power the light and fog signal equipment.

In 1896 a wooden keeper's house was built, as well as a storage shed and oil house. With the changing times and no need to man the light station, it was decided in 1961 to raze the buildings leaving just the tower and oil house.

Provincetown Harbor
Provincetown Harbor is a large natural harbor located in the town of Provincetown, Massachusetts. The harbor is mostly 30 to 90 feet (9 to 27 m) deep and stretches roughly 1 mile (1.6 km) from northwest to southeast and 2 miles (3.2 km) from northeast to southwest – one large, deep basin with no dredged channel necessary for boats to enter and exit.

A tall green buoy east of Long Point (i.e., the tip of Cape Cod) marks the entrance to Provincetown Harbor from Cape Cod Bay.
Kevin S. Huffman
Kevin S. Huffman (born September 22, 1970) is an American lawyer and education administrator who was the Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Education. He was appointed to the position by Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam and served from April 2011 to January 2015. Prior to his work at the Tennessee Department of Education, Huffman held a senior management position in Teach for America and had worked as an attorney specializing in education.

Huffman resigned as Tennessee Commissioner of Education on November 13, 2014, noting that he has plans to work as a private consultant and plans to continue living in Nashville.

Tennessee Department of Education
The Tennessee Department of Education (TDOE) is the state education agency of Tennessee. It is headquartered on the 9th floor of the Andrew Johnson Tower in Nashville. Lizzette Gonzales Reynolds is the current Commissioner of Education. She has held that position since June 29, 2023. Her predecessor was Dr. Penny Schwinn, who was sworn in on February 1, 2019. Prior to Dr. Schwinn, Candice McQueen held the position.