hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quds Governorate
The Quds Governorate (Arabic: محافظة القدس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Quds), also known as Jerusalem Governorate, is one of the 16 governorates of Palestine and located in the central part of the West Bank. The current governor, appointed by the Palestinian National Authority, is Adnan Ghaith since 2018, who succeeded Adnan al-Husayni, appointed in 2008. The Governorate has two sub-districts: Jerusalem J1, which includes the localities within the territory controlled by the Israeli Jerusalem municipality (East Jerusalem), and Jerusalem J2, which includes the remaining parts of the Jerusalem Governorate. The district capital of the Governorate is East Jerusalem (al-Quds).

The total land area of the governorate is 344 km2. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the governorate had a population of 429,500 residents in 2005, accounting for 10.5% of Palestinians living in the Palestinian territories in 2022 population had risen to 482,854 as official Statistics.

'Anata
'Anata (Arabic: عناتا) is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the central West Bank, located four kilometers northeast of Jerusalem's Old City. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 'Anata had a population of 16,919 in 2017. Its total land area is 30,603 dunams, of which over half now lies within the Israeli Jerusalem municipality and 1,654 is Palestinian built-up area. Since 1967, 'Anata has been occupied by Israel.  Together with Shu'afat refugee camp, the village is almost surrounded by the Israeli West Bank barrier, cutting it off from Jerusalem and surrounding villages except for a checkpoint in the west and a road in the north-east that gives access to the rest of the West Bank.
Gloeobacterales
Gloeobacterales is an order of cyanobacteria. Two of its members, Gloeobacter and Anthocerotibacter, diverged 1.4 billion years ago. Members of this order differ from other cyanobacteria in that they have no thylakoids, yet like other cyanobacteria (and hence unlike other photosynthetic bacteria) they possess both photosystem I and photosystem II: they put the photosystems on the cytoplasmic membrane. Understanding how photosynthesis works in this order should shed light on the evolution of oxygen-producing photosynthesis.

Gloeobacter
Gloeobacter is a genus of cyanobacteria. It is the sister group to all other photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Gloeobacter's order, Gloeobacterales, is unique among cyanobacteria in not having thylakoids, which are characteristic for all other cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. Instead, the light-harvesting complexes (also called phycobilisomes), that consist of different proteins, sit on the inside of the plasma membrane (among the cytoplasm). Subsequently, the proton gradient in Gloeobacter is created across the plasma membrane, whereas it forms across the thylakoid membrane in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts.

The whole genome of G. violaceus (strain PCC 7421) and of G. kilaueensis have been sequenced. Many genes for photosystem I and II were found missing, likely related to the fact that photosynthesis in these bacteria does not take place in the thylakoid membrane as in other cyanobacteria, but in the plasma membrane. There is also a genome for G. morelensis.
Notre Dame of Jolo College
Notre Dame of Jolo College is private school run by Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate in Jolo, Sulu, Philippines, founded on June 14, 1954 by Bishop Francis McSorley, OMI. in order to bring educational benefits to the people of Sulu Province. The founders were particularly interested in training teachers who would bring advantages of good education at the grassroots level in all the far-flung islands of Sulu. Notre Dame of Jolo College is a member of Notre Dame Educational Association Philippines.

The first cooperative in Jolo, the Sulu Consumer's Cooperative, was developed by the Notre Dame of Jolo College.

Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
The Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) is a missionary religious congregation in the Catholic Church. It was founded on January 25, 1816, by Eugène de Mazenod, a French priest later recognized as a Catholic saint. The congregation was given recognition by Pope Leo XII on February 17, 1826. As of January 2020, the congregation was composed of 3,631 priests and lay brothers usually living in community. Their traditional salutation is Laudetur Iesus Christus ('Praised be Jesus Christ'), to which the response is Et Maria Immaculata ('And Mary Immaculate'). Members use the post-nominal letters "OMI".

As part of its mission to evangelize the "abandoned poor", OMI are known for their mission among the Indigenous peoples of Canada, and their historic administration of at least 57 schools within the Canadian Indian residential school system. Some of those schools have been associated with cases of child abuse by Oblate clergy and staff.: 399–452
Waw (letter)
Waw (wāw "hook") is the sixth letter of the Semitic abjads,  including 
Phoenician wāw 𐤅, 
Aramaic waw 𐡅,
Hebrew vav ו‎, 
Syriac waw ܘ 
and Arabic wāw و‎ (sixth in abjadi order; 27th in modern Arabic order). It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪅‎‎‎, South Arabian 𐩥, and Ge'ez ወ.

It represents the consonant [w] in classical Hebrew, and [v] in modern Hebrew, as well as the vowels [u] and [o]. In text with niqqud, a dot is added to the left or on top of the letter to indicate, respectively, the two vowel pronunciations.

It is the origin of Greek Ϝ (digamma) and Υ (upsilon); Latin F, V and later the derived Y, U and W; and the also derived Cyrillic У and Ѵ.

Y
Y, or y, is the twenty-fifth and penultimate letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. According to some authorities, it is the sixth (or seventh if including W) vowel letter of the English alphabet. Its name in English is wye (pronounced /ˈwaɪ/ ⓘ), plural wyes.

In the English writing system, it mostly represents a vowel and seldom a consonant, and in other orthographies it may represent a vowel or a consonant.
Kensington, New York
Kensington is a village in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 1,226 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Incorporated Village of Kensington is in the Town of North Hempstead and is on the Great Neck Peninsula.

New York's 3rd congressional district
New York's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in the State of New York. It is represented by Democrat Tom Suozzi and predominantly features parts of the Long Island towns of North Hempstead, Glen Cove, and Oyster Bay.

NY-03 is the wealthiest congressional district in New York, and in 2022, was the fourth-wealthiest nationally.

The district was one of 13 congressional districts that voted for Donald Trump in the 2024 presidential election while simultaneously electing a Democrat in the 2024 House of Representatives elections.
Fallsburg, New York
Fallsburg is a town in Sullivan County, New York, United States. The town is in the eastern part of the county. The population was 14,192 at the 2020 census. It is not to be confused with the hamlet of Fallsburg which bears a similar name and is within the town of Fallsburg.

Shree Muktananda Ashram
Shree Muktananda Ashram, in the Catskills area of upstate New York, is owned and operated by the SYDA Foundation. Its purpose is to provide a location where students of Siddha Yoga can study the philosophy and culture of the Siddha Yoga path and follow its daily practices (known as sadhana). Shree Muktananda Ashram houses the headquarters of the SYDA Foundation, the organization that protects, preserves, and facilitates the dissemination of the Siddha Yoga teachings. The ashram is located in South Fallsburg, approximately 130 kilometres north-west of New York City.
Hogback Ridge
Hogback Ridge is a 6,135-foot (1,870 m) glaciated mountain ridge located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. This landform is situated 9 mi (14 km) east of Valdez, 9 mi (14 km) west of Thompson Pass, and the Richardson Highway traverses the southern base of the mountain. This feature takes its name from the Hogback Glacier on its northern slopes, and in turn the glacier was named in 1898 by Captain William R. Abercrombie. Abercrombie led an 1898 expedition seeking a route from coastal Alaska to the Klondike. Precipitation runoff and meltwater from the mountain's glaciers drains into tributaries of the Lowe River, which in turn empties to Prince William Sound. The famous Horsetail Falls, which is located in Keystone Canyon, receives its source from the south slope of the mountain.

Keystone Canyon
Keystone Canyon is a gorge near Valdez in the U.S. state of Alaska. Situated at an elevation of 307 feet (94 m), its walls are almost perpendicular. It measures 3 miles (4.8 km) in length, connecting the upper and lower valleys of Lowe River.
Adolf von Bonin
Albert Ferdinand Adolf Karl Friedrich von Bonin (11 November 1803 in Heeren, Altmark – 16 April 1872 in Berlin) was a corps commander of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Trautenau in 1866, and a colleague of Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz. He made his military career from Oberst (1851), Major general (1854) to Lieutenant general and adjutant of the king (1858). In 1863 he became Kommanierender General and 1864 General of the Infantry.

During the Austro-Prussian War he commanded I Corps. He was beaten back at Trautenau, before participating in the Battle of Königgrätz.

Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz
Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz (27 December 1796 – 2 August 1877) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall. He was born at Eisenach and joined the army of Prussia during the War of Liberation. Over the Seven Weeks' War he led the V Corps against Austria and became known as the Lion of Nachod for his victories as the Battles of Nachod, Skalitz, and Schweinschädel. Steinmetz commanded one of three armies assembled on the Rhine for the Franco-Prussian War, during which he quarreled with Prince Friedrich Karl. After the war he retired.
Linda McRae
Linda McRae is a Canadian folk-roots-Americana musician. A multi-instrumentalist (clawhammer banjo, acoustic and electric guitars, accordion, bass, and Porchboard stomp box) singer-songwriter, she is a former member of Spirit of the West. She has released eight albums, Flying Jenny, Cryin’ Out Loud, Carve It to the Heart, Rough Edges and Ragged Hearts, a career retrospective entitled 50 Shades of Red, Shadow Trails, Going to the Well and Cox and McRae live.

Spirit of the West
Spirit of the West were a Canadian folk rock band from North Vancouver, active from 1983 to 2016. They were popular on the Canadian folk music scene in the 1980s before evolving a blend of hard rock, Britpop, and Celtic folk influences which made them one of Canada's most successful alternative rock acts in the 1990s.
2019 Canadian Premier League season
The 2019 Canadian Premier League season was the inaugural season of the Canadian Premier League, the top level of Canadian professional soccer. The regular season began on April 27 and ended on October 19, with seven teams competing. The CPL's inaugural match took place between Forge FC and York9 at Tim Hortons Field on April 27, 2019, which ended in a 1–1 draw.

The CPL Finals were contested between the Spring and Fall season champions, Cavalry FC, and the Spring and Fall season runners-up, Forge FC, in October and November. Forge FC won 2–0 over two legs to win the inaugural Canadian Premier League title.

Cavalry FC
Cavalry Football Club is a Canadian professional soccer club based in the Calgary metropolitan region of Alberta. The club competes at the top of the Canadian soccer league system in the Canadian Premier League, and plays their home matches at ATCO Field on the grounds of Spruce Meadows in Foothills County.

The team is managed by Tommy Wheeldon Jr. and owned by Spruce Meadows Sports & Entertainment.
Foe (unit)
A foe is a unit of energy equal to 1044 joules or 1051 ergs, used to express the large amount of energy released by a supernova.  An acronym for "[ten to the power of] fifty-one ergs", the term was introduced by Gerald E. Brown of Stony Brook University in his work with Hans Bethe, because "it came up often enough in our work".

Without mentioning the foe, Steven Weinberg proposed in 2006 "a new unit called the bethe" (B) with the same value, to "replace" it.

This unit of measure is convenient because a supernova typically releases about one foe of observable energy in a very short period (which can be measured in seconds). In comparison, if the Sun's current luminosity is the same as its average luminosity over its lifetime, it would release 3.827×1026 W × 3.1536×107 s/yr × 1010 yr ≈ 1.2 foe. One solar mass has a rest mass energy of 1787 foe.

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Afonja
Afonja of Ilorin (c. 1750s – c. 1813) was the Are-Ona-Kakanfo (supreme military commander) of the Oyo Empire. His great-grandfather Laderin founded Ilorin city.

Laderin's son Pasin, a powerful warrior, was perceived as a threat by Basorun Gaha due to his rising influence. Pasin was subsequently driven into exile and killed, after which his son Alugbin became Baale. Following Alugbin death, Afonja assumed leadership. These four individuals—Laderin, Pasin, Alugbin, and Afonja—were the only Yoruba baale in Ilorin.

Ilorin
Ilorin (listenⓘ) is the capital city of Kwara State located in the Western region of  Nigeria. Although Ilorin is classified under the North-Central geopolitical zone, the city is considered a Yoruba city by all historical and sociological standards. As of the 2006 census, it had a population of 777,667, making it the 7th largest city by population in Nigeria.
Daniel Tosh
Daniel Dwight Tosh (born May 29, 1975) is an American comedian, writer, and producer. After graduating from the University of Central Florida with a degree in marketing, Tosh moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in comedy. His career accelerated in 2001 after a performance on the Late Show with David Letterman. He went on to appear in other national shows, leading to his own 30-minute special on Comedy Central Presents two years later. From 2009 to 2020, Tosh was the host of Comedy Central series Tosh.0, a showcase of popular Internet video clips with the addition of Tosh's narrative comedic dialogue. Daniel Tosh also went on his own series of comedy tours from 2010 to 2015.

In addition to Tosh.0, he is known for his deliberately offensive and controversial style of black comedy and as the star of stand-up comedy tours and specials.

Completely Serious
Completely Serious is the second comedy album released by the comedian Daniel Tosh. The special originally aired on Comedy Central. Although originally airing as a Comedy Central Special, the live recording was released independently and is only available on DVD. Completely Serious is the follow-up to Tosh's CD debut, True Stories I Made Up.
4th Army (Soviet Union)
The 4th Army (Russian: 4-я армия) was a Soviet field army of World War II that served on the Eastern front of World War II and in the Caucasus during the Cold War.
It was disbanded after the fall of the Soviet Union, with its divisions being withdrawn to Russia and disbanded.

Stepan Oborin
Stepan Ilyich Oborin (Russian: Степа́н Ильи́ч Обо́рин; 15 August 1892 – 16 October 1941) was a Red Army major general. Oborin served as a gunner in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I and subsequently joined the Red Army. He fought in the Russian Civil War and became an artillery officer. He led the artillery of the 19th Rifle Corps in the Winter War. After the end of the war, he became commander of the 136th Rifle Division and then the 14th Mechanized Corps. The corps was destroyed in the Battle of Białystok–Minsk after the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Oborin was wounded during the battle and flew back to Moscow for treatment. He was arrested for desertion, sentenced to death, and shot on 16 October 1941. Oborin was posthumously rehabilitated in 1957.
1974–75 WCHL season
The 1974–75 WCHL season was the ninth season of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). It featured twelve teams playing a 70-game regular season, an increase from 68. The Victoria Cougars topped the regular season standings with 47 wins. In the playoffs, the New Westminster Bruins defeated the Saskatoon Blades in a seven-game championship series to win the President's Cup. With the win, the Bruins earned a berth at the 1975 Memorial Cup tournament, in which they lost the final to the Toronto Marlboros, who captured their record seventh national title.

The season was the first for the Lethbridge Broncos, after the Swift Current Broncos relocated prior to the season.

Lethbridge Broncos
The Lethbridge Broncos were a junior ice hockey team in the Western Hockey League from 1974 until 1986. They played at the Lethbridge Sportsplex.

Division titles won: 1977–78, 1981–82

Regular season titles won: 1981–82

WHL Championships won: 1982–83

Memorial Cup Titles: None
Shalimar–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Express
The 18029/18030 Shalimar–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways that runs between Shalimar (Kolkata) and Lokmanya Tilak Terminus (Mumbai) in India.

It operates as train number 18029 from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus to Shalimar (Kolkata) and as train number 18030 in the reverse direction.

Shalimar railway station
Shalimar railway station (SHM) is a Railway Terminus located in Shibpur, Howrah of West Bengal. It is one of important railway station serving the Kolkata metropolitan region, India. The other stations are Sealdah, Howrah, Kolkata, Dankuni and Santragachi Junction. Shalimar station is situated on the western bank of Hooghly River.
Howard's Plains, Tasmania
Howard's Plains is a plain just west and above the river valley location of Queenstown in Western Tasmania, Australia. It is located to the east of the Henty River catchment area.

It is the location of the junction of the Zeehan Highway and the Queenstown to Strahan road, and the Queenstown, Tasmania aerodrome.

It was not until 1934 that the road out of Queenstown up onto the plain was constructed, utilising unemployed workers.

The completion of the Penghana to Howard's Plains road led to the eventual construction of the Queenstown to Strahan road, and the road to Zeehan in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

In the southern area, it is the location of tailings dams created by the Mount Lyell remediation scheme that are situated above the Queen River.

Queenstown to Strahan road
Queenstown to Strahan road (also Strahan to Queenstown road) is a road that connects Queenstown with Strahan in Western Tasmania.

It was preceded by the Mount Lyell railway (now known as the West Coast Wilderness Railway) which from the 1890s to the 1960s was the main means of transport between the two towns.  Earlier tracks existed, but were not in any way suitable for vehicles

It was proposed and petitioned about in the early 1930s it was opened in the late 1930s, but required maintenance work in the 1940s

The road leaves Queenstown by rising to Howards Plains where it has a junction with the Zeehan Highway.
A little further south west of the junction it runs past the Queenstown airport

The road runs on the ridge that divides the catchment of the Tully and Henty River to the north, and the immediate King River tributary creeks to the south.  At one point, it runs very close to the alignment of the Mount Lyell Railway as it descends into the King River gorge.
Ronald Fairbairn
William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn (/ˈfɛərbɛərn/; 11 August 1889 – 31 December 1964) was a Scottish psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and a central figure in the development of the object relations theory of psychoanalysis. He was generally known and referred to as "W. Ronald D. Fairbairn".

Fairbairn died in Edinburgh at the age of 75. He is buried with his wives in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh. The grave lies very close to the main east entrance and lodge-house.

Dean Cemetery
The Dean Cemetery is a historically important Victorian cemetery north of the Dean Village, west of Edinburgh city centre, in Scotland. It lies between Queensferry Road and the Water of Leith, bounded on its east side by Dean Path and on its west by the Dean Gallery. A 20th-century extension lies detached from the main cemetery to the north of Ravelston Terrace. The main cemetery is accessible through the main gate on its east side, through a "grace and favour" access door from the grounds of Dean Gallery and from Ravelston Terrace. The modern extension is only accessible at the junction of Dean Path and Queensferry Road.
Robert L. Rose
Robert Lawson Rose (October 12, 1804 – March 14, 1877) was a U.S. Representative from New York, son of Robert Selden Rose and son-in-law of Nathaniel Allen.

Born in Geneva, New York, Rose received limited schooling as a youth. He moved to Allens Hill, New York and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He held several local offices, and then was elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses (March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1851). Afterwards he resumed agricultural pursuits and returned to Geneva, New York. He subsequently moved to Pleasant Grove, near Funkstown, Maryland, in 1868, and engaged in the manufacture of paper until his death there. He was interred in Rose Hill Cemetery (Maryland), Hagerstown, Maryland.

Rose Hill Cemetery (Maryland)
Rose Hill Cemetery, located in Hagerstown, Maryland, is the oldest public cemetery in Washington County Maryland. The cemetery features over 102 acres of burial space and is the final resting place of over 43,000 individuals.

The cemetery was established on land originally granted to the Wroe family by King George III in the 1700s.  Dr. John A. Wroe and his wife purchased the land. Their home was on a hill called Wroe's Hill. In 1865, William T. Hamilton and a group of individuals established the Hagerstown Cemetery Association and in 1866 purchased land needed to establish the area's first public cemetery and chartered the cemetery as Rose Hill Cemetery of Hagerstown.
Dudley Johnson (British Army officer)
Major-General Dudley Graham Johnson, VC, CB, DSO & Bar, MC (13 February 1884 – 21 December 1975) was a British Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

South Wales Borderers
The South Wales Borderers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence for 280 years.

It came into existence in England in 1689, as Sir Edward Dering's Regiment of Foot,  and afterwards had a variety of names and headquarters. In 1782, it became the 24th Regiment of Foot, and had its depot in Warwickshire.

Based at Brecon from 1873, the regiment recruited from the border counties of Brecknockshire, Monmouthshire, and Herefordshire. It was not called the South Wales Borderers until the Childers Reforms of 1881. The regiment served in a great many conflicts, including the American War of Independence, various conflicts in India, the Zulu War, Second Boer War, and World War I and World War II. In 1969 the regiment was amalgamated with the Welch Regiment to form the Royal Regiment of Wales.