hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011–12 UEFA Europa League group stage
This article details the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League group stage.

The group stage featured 48 teams: the 38 winners of the play-off round, and the 10 losing teams from the Champions League play-off round.

The teams were drawn into twelve groups of four, and played each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The matchdays were 15 September, 29 September, 20 October, 3 November, 30 November–1 December, and 14–15 December 2011.

The top two teams in each group advanced to the round of 32, where they were joined by the eight third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage.

2011–12 UEFA Europa League knockout phase
The knockout phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League began on 14 February 2012 with the round of 32, and concluded on 9 May 2012 with the final at National Arena in Bucharest, Romania.

Times up to 24 March 2012 (round of 32 and round of 16) are CET (UTC+01:00), thereafter (quarter-finals and beyond) times are CEST (UTC+02:00).
Butyric anhydride
Butyric anhydride or butanoic anhydride is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3CH2CH2CO)2O.  The molecule can be described as a condensation of two molecules of butyric acid with elimination of one water molecule (hence its name).

Butyric anhydride is a clear colorless liquid that smells strongly of butyric acid, which is formed by its reaction to moisture in the air.

Butyric acid
Butyric acid (/bjuːˈtɪrɪk/; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOH. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. The acid does not occur widely in nature, but its esters are widespread. It is a common industrial chemical and an important component in the mammalian gut.
Coto Laurel
Coto Laurel (Barrio Coto Laurel) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Along with Anón,  Marueño, Guaraguao, Quebrada Limon, Real, and San Patricio, and the coastal barrios of Canas and  Capitanejo, Coto Laurel is one of the municipality's nine bordering barrios. It borders the municipality of Juana Diaz. It was founded in 1831.

Marueño
Marueño (Barrio Marueño) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico.  Along with Anón,  Coto Laurel, Guaraguao, Quebrada Limón, Real, and San Patricio, and the coastal barrios of Canas and  Capitanejo, Marueño is one of the municipality's nine bordering barrios. Marueño borders the municipality of Peñuelas. The name of this barrio is of native Indian origin. It was created in 1831.
International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Following the full declaration of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which started on 24 February 2022, institutions such as the United States, the European Union, and other Western countries introduced or significantly expanded sanctions covering Russian president Vladimir Putin, other government members and Russian citizens in general. Some Russian banks were banned from using the SWIFT international payments system. The sanctions and the boycotts of Russia and Belarus have impacted the Russian economy in various ways. Nevertheless, Russian authorities have mitigated the impact of sanctions by procuring essential goods from consumer products that are rarely subject to export restrictions, by exploiting globalized supply chains, and by turning toward trading partners who have ignored Western sanctions, such as China, India, Turkey and the UAE.

Task Force KleptoCapture
Task Force KleptoCapture was a United States Department of Justice unit established in March 2022 with the goal of enforcing sanctions on Russian oligarchs in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The Task force was shut down by the new federal Trump administration on 5 February 2025.
Burlington County Institute of Technology Westampton Campus
The Burlington County Institute of Technology Westampton Campus (more commonly known as Westampton Tech) is a four-year countywide vocational-technical public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, as part of the Burlington County Institute of Technology. Located in Westampton, the campus is one of two high schools in the district, along with the Medford campus.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,300 students and 84.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 15.3:1. There were 554 students (42.6% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 128 (9.8% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Westampton, New Jersey
Westampton is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 9,121, an increase of 308 (+3.5%) from the 2010 census count of 8,813, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,596 (+22.1%) from the 7,217 counted in the 2000 census. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

Westampton was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 6, 1850, from portions of Northampton Township (now known as Mount Holly Township). Portions of the township were taken to form Eastampton Township on February 11, 1880. Its name derives from its original location in the western portion of what was Northampton Township.

The township is the home of the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office serving the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Orange Line (San Diego Trolley)
The Orange Line is a 17.1-mile (27.5 km) light rail line in the San Diego Trolley system, operated by San Diego Trolley, Inc. an operating division of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). The route connects downtown San Diego with the cities of Lemon Grove, La Mesa, and El Cajon. The Orange Line has the lowest ridership of the San Diego Trolley's three core lines, transporting 10,896,289 riders during FY 2014 according to the MTS.

It is one of five lines in the trolley system, along with the Blue, Green, Copper and Silver ("heritage weekend" service only) lines.

At night, the San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad uses the Orange Line right of way east of the rail yard near 12th & Imperial Transit Center for its freight service to El Cajon and Santee.

Silver Line (San Diego Trolley)
The Silver Line is a 2.7-mile (4.3 km) heritage streetcar line operated by the San Diego Trolley, an operating division of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). It operates on a "downtown loop", a circle of tracks around downtown San Diego, and is operated using renovated historic vehicles. The line is one of five lines in the trolley system, sharing tracks with other lines; the other four lines are the Blue, Orange, Green, and Copper lines.
Nagareyama-ōtakanomori Station
Nagareyama-ōtakanomori Station (流山おおたかの森駅, Nagareyama-ōtakanomori-eki) is an interchange passenger railway station in the city of Nagareyama, Chiba, Japan, operated jointly by the private railway operator Tōbu Railway (as an infill station) and the third-sector railway operating company Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company.

Nagareyama
Nagareyama (流山市, Nagareyama-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of  211,620 in 89,751 households and a population density of 6,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 35.28 km2 (13.62 sq mi).
Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity
The mathematics of general relativity is complicated. In Newton's theories of motion, an object's length and the rate at which time passes remain constant while the object accelerates, meaning that many problems in Newtonian mechanics may be solved by algebra alone. In relativity, however, an object's length and the rate at which time passes both change appreciably as the object's speed approaches the speed of light, meaning that more variables and more complicated mathematics are required to calculate the object's motion. As a result, relativity requires the use of concepts such as vectors, tensors, pseudotensors and curvilinear coordinates.

For an introduction based on the example of particles following circular orbits about a large mass, nonrelativistic and relativistic treatments are given in, respectively, Newtonian motivations for general relativity and Theoretical motivation for general relativity.

Newtonian motivations for general relativity
Some of the basic concepts of general relativity can be outlined outside the relativistic domain. In particular, the idea that mass–energy generates curvature in space and that curvature affects the motion of masses can be illustrated in a Newtonian setting. We use circular orbits as our prototype. This has the advantage that we know the kinetics of circular orbits. This allows us to calculate curvature of orbits in space directly and compare the results with dynamical forces.
Brandin Cooks
Brandin Tawan Cooks (born September 25, 1993) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oregon State Beavers, earning consensus All-American honors before being selected by the New Orleans Saints in the first round of the 2014 NFL draft. Cooks has also played for the New England Patriots, Los Angeles Rams, Houston Texans, and Dallas Cowboys.

2013 Hawaii Bowl
The 2013 Sheraton Hawaii Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 24, 2013, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu. The twelfth edition of the Hawaii Bowl, sponsored by Sheraton Hotels and Resorts, featured the Boise State Broncos from the Mountain West Conference against the Oregon State Beavers from the Pac-12 Conference.  It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season.  It began at 3:00 p.m. HST (8:00 p.m. EST) and aired on ESPN. Oregon State defeated Boise State, 38–23.
Lenawee County, Michigan
Lenawee County (/ˈlɛnəweɪ/ LEN-ə-way) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,423. The county seat is Adrian. The county was created in 1822, from territory partitioned from Monroe County. Its governing structure was organized in 1826.

Lenawee County comprises the Adrian, Michigan, micropolitan statistical area. It is served by the Toledo Media market. Lenawee County is home to the Potawatomi, Ottawa, Chippewa, Iroquois, Miami, Sauk, Fox, Mascoutens, and Huron tribes.

Adrian Charter Township, Michigan
Adrian Charter Township is a charter township of Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The township population was 6,401 at the 2020 census. The city of Adrian borders on the south, but the two are administered autonomously.
1982 National League Championship Series
The 1982 National League Championship Series was a best-of-five playoff series in Major League Baseball’s 1982 postseason played between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Atlanta Braves from October 6 to 10. It was the 14th NLCS. The Cardinals swept the series in 3 games, and went on to win the World Series over the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games.

Joaquín Andújar
Joaquín Andújar (Spanish: [xoaˈkin anˈduxaɾ]; December 21, 1952 – September 8, 2015) was a Dominican professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros, St. Louis Cardinals, and Oakland Athletics from 1976 through 1988. Andújar was a four-time MLB All-Star and a Gold Glove Award winner.
Portarlington, Victoria
Portarlington is a town located on the Bellarine Peninsula, 28 km from the city of Geelong, in the state of Victoria, Australia. It has a diverse population which includes a wide range of ethnic backgrounds, a high proportion of retirees, and a large seasonal holiday influx. The gently rising hills behind the town feature vineyards and olive groves, and offer spectacular panoramic views across Port Phillip Bay. Portarlington is a popular family holiday destination and a centre of fishing and aquaculture (mussels). At one time the town claimed the largest caravan park in the Southern Hemisphere, although the size has reduced considerably in recent decades. With direct ferry links to the city of Melbourne Portarlington also serves as a gateway to the historic towns and surf beaches of the Bellarine Peninsula.

Bellarine Peninsula
The Bellarine Peninsula (/ˌbɛləˈriːn/ bel-uh-REEN; Wadawurrung: Balla-wein or Biteyong) is a peninsula located south-west of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, surrounded by Port Phillip, Corio Bay and Bass Strait. The peninsula, together with the Mornington Peninsula, separates Port Phillip Bay from Bass Strait. The peninsula itself was originally occupied by Indigenous Australian clans of the Wadawurrung nation, prior to European settlement in the early 19th century. Early European settlements were initially centred on wheat and grain agriculture, before the area became a popular tourist destination with most visitors arriving by paddle steamer on Port Phillip in the late 19th century.

Today, approximately 70,000 people live on the Bellarine, and this population doubles at peak periods during summer. The peninsula is a growing tourist region with a variety of beaches and seaside resorts and wineries; most of the peninsula is a part of the City of Greater Geelong.
Mandhata
Mandhata, also called Omkareshwar or Shivapuri and ancient Mahishmati, capital  of Avanti Mahajanpada  is a riverine island in the Narmada River  in Khandwa district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga is situated on the southern part of the island. Omkareshwar Mandhata is located on the Mandhata hill on the banks of the Narmada.

The name "Omkareshwar" is due to the shape of the island, which appears to be Om. It is about two km (1.2 mi) long and 1 km (0.62 mi) wide. Local tradition reveals that King Mandhata paid homage to Shiva here and made this holy place his capital.

This place is situated at a distance of about 10 km from Omkareshwar Road railway station on Akola–Ratlam rail line.

Khandwa district
Khandwa district (Hindi pronunciation: [kʰəɳɖʋaː]), formerly known as the East Nimar district, is a district of the Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Khandwa is the administrative headquarters of the district. Other notable towns in the district include Mundi, Harsud, Punasa, Pandhana and Omkareshwar.
Territory (2015 film)
Territory (Russian: Территория, romanized: Territoriya) is a 2015 Russian adventure drama film written and directed by Aleksandr Melnik, a screen version of the same novel by Oleg Kuvaev. The film, like the book, is based on real events and narrates about the discovery of a grandiose gold deposit in the Far North-East of the Soviet Union. The film stars 
Konstantin Lavronenko, Grigoriy Dobrygin, Egor Beroev, Kseniya Kutepova and Yevgeny Tsyganov joining the cast.

The novel was previously adapted in the Soviet Union in 1978 by Aleksander Surin. The picture starred Donatas Banionis as Ilya Chinkov.

Territory (1979 film)
Territory (Russian: Территория, romanized: Territoriya) is a 1979 Soviet adventure drama film directed by Aleksander Surin based on the novel of the same name by Oleg Kuvaev.

The film tells of the difficult search, exploration and the subsequent discovery of gold deposits in Chukotka in the late 1940s and early 1950s of Dalstroy.

In 2015 a remake was released which was directed by Aleksandr Melnik and starred Konstantin Lavronenko.
General-law municipality
In the systems of local government in some U.S. states, a general-law municipality, general-law city, code city, or statutory city is a municipality whose government structure and powers are defined by the general law of its state. This is in contrast to a charter city or home-rule city, whose government structure and powers are defined by a municipal charter.

States may allow only general-law municipalities, only charter municipalities, or both. In states having both, general-law municipalities generally have less autonomy than charter municipalities do. Six states do not allow municipal charters, meaning that every municipality is a general-law municipality. Other states may allow or require charters for all municipalities or may allow charters only for municipalities meeting certain criteria, requiring other municipalities to be general-law municipalities.

Municipal charter
A city charter or town charter (generically, municipal charter) is a legal document (charter) establishing a municipality such as a city or town.  The concept developed in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Traditionally, the granting of a charter gave a settlement and its inhabitants the right to town privileges under the feudal system.  Townspeople who lived in chartered towns were burghers, as opposed to serfs who lived in villages.  Towns were often "free", in the sense that they were directly protected by the king or emperor, and were not part of a feudal fief.

Today, the process for granting is determined by the type of government of the state in question.  In monarchies, charters are still often a royal charter given by the Crown or the authorities acting on behalf of the Crown.  In federations, the granting of charters may be within the jurisdiction of the lower level of government, such as a province.
Deacon
A deacon is a member of the diaconate, an office in Christian churches that is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions.

Major Christian denominations, such as the Catholic Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church, Lutheranism, Presbyterianism, Methodism, and Anglicanism, view the diaconate as an order of ministry.

Permanent deacons (or distinctive deacons) are those who do not later transition to another form of ministry, in contrast to those continuing their formation who are then often called transitional deacons.

Dalmatic
The dalmatic is a long, wide-sleeved tunic, which serves as a liturgical vestment in the Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, United Methodist, and some other churches. When used, it is the proper vestment of a deacon at Mass, Holy Communion or other services such as baptism or marriage held in the context of a Eucharistic service. Although infrequent, it may also be worn by bishops above the alb and below the chasuble, and in this configuration is referred to as a pontifical dalmatic.

Like the chasuble worn by priests and bishops, it is an outer vestment matching the liturgical colour of the day or ritual. The dalmatic is often made of the same material and decoration as a chasuble, so as to form a matching pair. Traditional Solemn Mass vestment sets include matching chasuble, dalmatic, and tunicle.
Baqerabad, Mahallat
Baqerabad (Persian: باقراباد) is a neighborhood in the city of Nimvar in the Central District of Mahallat County, Markazi province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Baqerabad Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Nakhjirvan.

Nakhjirvan
Nakhjirvan (Persian: نخجيروان) is a village in, and the capital of, Baqerabad Rural District of the Central District of Mahallat County, Markazi province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Baqerabad.
Digermulen
Digermulen is a village in Vågan Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the southwestern tip of the large island of Hinnøya. It is the main village of eastern Vågan since that part of the municipality is not directly connected to the rest of the municipality (most of Vågan is on Austvågøya island).  There is a long roundabout road connection through neighboring Hadsel Municipality to get to the rest of Vågan, and there is a ferry connection to the nearby island of Stormolla. Digermulen Church is located in this village.

Digermulen Church
Digermulen Church (Norwegian: Digermulen kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vågan Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Digermulen on the island of Hinnøya. It is one of the churches for the Svolvær parish which is part of the Lofoten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, concrete church was built in an octagonal style in 1951 using plans drawn up by the architects Andreas Melchior Wiel Nygaardand Torstein Schyberg. The church seats about 250 people.
Gaobeidian, Beijing
Gaobeidian Township (Chinese: 高碑店乡; pinyin: Gāobēidiàn Xiāng) is a township of Chaoyang District, Beijing, located west of and within the 5th Ring Road. It borders Pingfang Township to the north, Sanjianfang Township to the east, Dougezhuang and Wangsiying Townships to the south, Balizhuang and Jianwai Subdistricts as well as Nanmofang Township to the west. As of 2020, it has a total population of 109,631.

The name of this township, Gaobeidian (Chinese: 高碑店; lit. 'High Stele Shop'), first appear on record in 1787, along with an older name Jiaoting.

Jianwai Subdistrict
Jianwai Subdistrict (Chinese: 建外街道; pinyin: Jiànwài Jiēdào) is a subdistrict on the western side of Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It borders Hujialou and Chaowai Subdistricts to the north, Balizhuang Subdistrict and Gaobeidian Township to the east, Shuangjing Subdistrict to the south, Jianguomen and Chaoyangmen Subdistricts to the west. As of 2020, it has a total population of 36,414.

The name of this subdistrict is an abbreviation of Jianguomenwai Subdistrict (Chinese: 建国门外街道; lit. 'District Outside of Jianguomen'), referring to its location outside of Jianguomen and the former Beijing city wall.
Donald McMorran
Donald Hanks McMorran RA FRIBA FSA (3 May 1904 – 6 August 1965) was an English architect who is known today for his sensitive continuation of the neo-Georgian and classical tradition in the period after the Second World War. His buildings include halls of residence at the University of Nottingham, Wood Street Police Station in the City of London, public housing schemes around London, the South Block extension to the Old Bailey and civic buildings in Exeter and Bury St Edmunds.

Shire Hall Complex, Bury St Edmunds
The Shire Hall Complex is a group of municipal buildings in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England. The complex, which was the headquarters of West Suffolk County Council until its abolition in 1974, is a Grade II listed building.
Kingsville Naval Outlying Landing Fields
The Kingsville Outlying Landing Fields in Corpus Christi, Texas are a complex of over 50 naval outlying landing fields built during World War II to support navy flight training. It was decommissioned in the 1950s when demand for Navy training had diminished post-war.

NAAS Cuddihy Field
Naval Auxiliary Air Station Cuddihy or Cuddihy Field was a military airport in Corpus Christi, Texas. Owned and operated by the United States Navy, Cuddihy Field served as a satellite field to support flight training in Naval Air Station Corpus Christi. It operated from November 1940 to April 1947, primarily providing flight training for American Navy cadets.
Fashion Valley (shopping mall)
Fashion Valley (also called Fashion Valley Mall) is an upscale, open-air shopping mall in Mission Valley in San Diego, California. The shopping center hosts 1,720,533 sq ft (159,842.7 m2) of leasable floor area, making it the largest mall in San Diego and one of the largest in California. It is managed by the 50% owner Simon Property Group.

Mission Valley, San Diego
Mission Valley is a wide river valley trending east–west in San Diego, California, United States, through which the San Diego River flows to the Pacific Ocean. For planning purposes the City of San Diego divides it into two neighborhoods: Mission Valley East and Mission Valley West.

Mission Valley was the site of the first Spanish settlement in California, established in 1769. The area currently serves as an important shopping and entertainment center for San Diego. Several condominiums and apartments can also be found in the area.