hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of aging research
This timeline lists notable events in the history of research into senescence or biological aging, including the research and development of life extension methods, brain aging delay methods and rejuvenation.

People have long been interested in making their lives longer and healthier. The most ancient Egyptian, Indian and Chinese books contain reasoning about aging. Ancient Egyptians used garlic in large quantities to extend their lifespan. Hippocrates (c. 460 – c. 370 BCE), in his Aphorisms, and Aristotle (384–322 BCE), in On youth and old age, expressed their opinions about reasons for old age and gave advice about lifestyle. Medieval Persian physician Ibn Sina (c. 980 – 1037), known in the West as Avicenna, summarized the achievements of earlier generations about this issue.

Longevity escape velocity
In the life extension movement, longevity escape velocity (LEV), actuarial escape velocity or biological escape velocity is a hypothetical situation in which one's remaining life expectancy (not life expectancy at birth) is extended longer than the time that is passing. For example, in a given year in which longevity escape velocity would be maintained, medical advances would increase people's remaining life expectancy more than the year that just went by.

The term is meant as an analogy to the concept of escape velocity in physics, which is the minimum speed required for an object to indefinitely move away from a gravitational body despite the gravitational force pulling the object towards the body.
Washington County Water Conservancy District
The Washington County Water Conservancy District (WCWCD) is a water district covering Washington County, Utah. It was formed in 1962 by local petition. The district provides wholesale water to the cities of St. George, Washington, Hurricane, Santa Clara, Ivins, Toquerville, La Verkin, Leeds, and (when needed) the town of Virgin. The cities are required to engage in water conservation and recycling, and the district is required to develop water sources to meet the needs determined by city governments. The district also supplies drinking water to retail customers in the unincorporated areas of Sky Ranch, Cliffdweller Ranch, Casa de Oro, and (seasonally) Kolob.

Washington County, Utah
Washington County is a county in the southwestern corner of Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 180,279, making it the fifth-most populous county in Utah. Its county seat and largest city is St. George. The county was created in 1852 and organized in 1856. It was named after the first President of the United States, George Washington. A portion of the Paiute Indian Reservation is in western Washington County. Washington County comprises the St. George, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Tetryl
2,4,6-Trinitrophenylmethylnitramine or tetryl (C7H5N5O8) is an explosive compound used to make detonators and explosive booster charges.

Tetryl is a nitramine booster explosive, though its use has been largely superseded by RDX. Tetryl is a sensitive secondary high explosive used as a booster, a small charge placed next to the detonator in order to propagate detonation into the main explosive charge.

TNT
Trinitrotoluene (/traɪˌnaɪtroʊˈtɒljuːˌiːn, -jəˌwiːn/ try-NY-troh-TOL-yoo-een, -⁠yə-ween), more commonly known as TNT (and more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and by its preferred IUPAC name 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene), is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2(NO2)3CH3. TNT is occasionally used as a reagent in chemical synthesis, but it is best known as an explosive material with convenient handling properties.  The explosive yield of TNT is considered to be the standard comparative convention of bombs and asteroid impacts. In chemistry, TNT is used to generate charge transfer salts.
Prague 5
Prague 5 refers to a unit used in several different administrative divisions of the capital city of Prague, each of which has a different territorial definition.

The municipal part Prague 5 consists of the entire cadastral areas of Hlubočepy, Košíře, Motol, Radlice, and Smíchov, as well as parts of the cadastral areas of Jinonice, Malá Strana, and Břevnov.

The administrative district Prague 5 consists of the municipal parts Prague 5 and Prague-Slivenec.

The municipal part Prague 5 consists of the administrative districts Prague 5, Prague 13, Prague 16 and Prague 17 (part).

Košíře
Košíře is a district of Prague, part of the municipal area Prague 5. It is situated in the valley of the Motol brook between the districts Smíchov and Motol. Košíře became a town in 1896 and was joined onto Prague in 1921.
Rahimabad, Pol-e Dokhtar
Rahimabad (Persian: رحيم اباد) is a village in, and the capital of, Jayedar-e Shomali Rural District of the Central District of Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Valieasr, and prior to that time, its capital was the village of Sarab Hammam (now a city).

Sarab Hammam
Sarab Hammam (Persian: سراب حمام) is a city in the Central District of Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Jayedar Rural District. Its capital was transferred to the village of Valieasr, and again in 2023 to the village of Rahimabad.
High Sheriff of Northamptonshire
This is a list of the High Sheriffs of Northamptonshire.

The High Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown.  Formerly the High Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial.  The High Sheriff changes every March.

Richard Basset
Richard Basset (died between 1135 and 1144) was a royal judge and sheriff during the reign of King Henry I of England. His father was also a royal justice. In about 1122 Basset married the eventual heiress of another justice; the marriage settlement has survived. In 1129–30 Basset was co-sheriff of eleven counties. Basset and his wife founded a monastic house in 1125 from their lands, which before the donation were equivalent to 15 knight's fees.
Shahid Gate
Sahid Gate or Shahid Gate (lit. Martyr's Gate) is a monument in Kathmandu, Nepal. The monument was inaugurated on 13 April 1961.  As of 2016, there are five statues in the gate. Four men, namely Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Gangalal Shrestha, Dashrath Chand, and Shukraraj Shastri, who are considered martyrs since they stood against the 104-year-old Rana Regime, have their statues above their arms established here. On top of all is a statue of former King Tribhuvan, who, in B.S. 2007 (A.D. 1950) cooperated with people to introduce democracy in the country. The gate was designed by Shankar Nath Rimal. King Mahendra inaugurated the monument and named it Nepal Smarak. However, people started calling it Shahid gate, a name by which it is presently called.

In 2012, the Nepali cabinet meeting decided to move the statue of Tribhuvan from the Gate and to the Narayanhiti Museum leaving only the statues of the martyrs at the monument.

Dharma Bhakta Mathema
Dharma Bhakta Mathema (1909—1941) was a professional body builder as well as a founding member of Praja Parishad. He introduced modern body building techniques in Nepal, but had gained popularity for his contribution to the Nepalese struggle for freedom against the autocracy of the Rana dynasty. He was killed during the freedom movement, and is duly recognized as one of the four martyrs of Nepal of the Rana era.
Ministry of Health (New Zealand)
The Ministry of Health (Māori: Manatū Hauora) is the public service department of New Zealand responsible for  healthcare in New Zealand. It came into existence in its current form in 1993. The organisation was founded in 1901 as the Department of Public Health in 1901, and was renamed to Department of Health in 1922.

Te Whatu Ora
Health New Zealand – Te Whatu Ora is the primary publicly funded healthcare system of New Zealand. It was established by the New Zealand Government to replace the country's 20 district health boards (DHBs) on 1 July 2022. Health New Zealand is charged with working alongside the Public Health Agency to manage the provision of healthcare services in New Zealand.
2025–26 UEFA Champions League qualifying
2025–26 UEFA Champions League qualifying was the preliminary phase of the 2025–26 UEFA Champions League, prior to the competition proper. Qualification consisted of the qualifying phase (first to third rounds) and the play-off round. It began on 8 July and ended on 27 August 2025.

A total of 53 teams competed in the qualifying system of the 2025–26 UEFA Champions League, with 42 teams in Champions Path and 11 teams in League Path. The seven winners in the play-off round (five from Champions Path, two from League Path) advanced to the league phase, to join the 29 teams that entered in the league stage.

Times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).

2025–26 UEFA Europa League
The 2025–26 UEFA Europa League is the 55th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 17th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League.

The final will be played on 20 May 2026 at Beşiktaş Stadium in Istanbul, Turkey.

This is the second season played under a new format, which replaced the 32-team group stage with a 36-team league phase.

Tottenham Hotspur are the reigning champions, but will not be able to defend their title as the winner of the Europa League automatically qualifies for the Champions League league phase, and the new format does not allow clubs to transfer from the Champions League into the Europa League from the league phase onwards.
Asura (TV series)
Asura (Japanese: 阿修羅のごとく, Hepburn: Ashura no Gotoku) is a Japanese streaming drama television series directed by Hirokazu Kore-eda. It is an adaptation of the 1979 series Ashura no Gotoku and stars Rie Miyazawa, Machiko Ono, Yū Aoi and Suzu Hirose. The series premiered on Netflix on January 9, 2025, to widespread acclaim.

Ashura no Gotoku (TV series)
Ashura no Gotoku (阿修羅のごとく) is a Japanese drama series that first aired on NHK in 1979. It is based on Kuniko Mukōda's novel of the same title.

Ken Ogata played the role of Satomi Takao in Part 1 and Shigeru Tsuyuguchi played the role in part 2.
Dugurdspiggen Peak
Dugurdspiggen Peak (72°26′S 2°46′W﻿ / ﻿72.433°S 2.767°W﻿ / -72.433; -2.767) is an isolated peak about 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) north of the Borg Massif in Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Dugurdspiggen (the second breakfast peak).

Borg Massif
Borg Massif is a mountain massif, about 50 km (30 mi) long and with summits above 2,700 metres (8,900 ft), situated along the northwest side of the Penck Trough in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. The tallest peak, at 2,727 metres (8,947 ft), is Hogsaetet Mountain. The parallel, ice-filled Raudberg Valley and Frostlendet Valley trend northeastward through the massif, dividing its summits into three rough groups:
Fontainemore
Fontainemore (French: [fɔ̃tɛnmɔʁ] ⓘ; Valdôtain: Fontènemore or locally Fountramoura; Issime Walser: Pischu) is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of north-western Italy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Issime
Issime (French: [isim] ⓘ; Walser: Éischeme; German: Einsimmen; Valdôtain: Eichima (locally in patois gabençois, Éséima)) is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of north-western Italy. Its population speaks Walser German.
Ryan Dunn
Ryan Matthew Dunn (June 11, 1977 – June 20, 2011) was an American stunt performer, television personality, and actor. He was one of the stars of the MTV reality stunt show Jackass and its film franchise.

Born in Medina, Ohio, Dunn rose to fame in the late 1990s as a member of the CKY crew with his long-time friend Bam Margera, with whom he performed extreme stunts and pranks and recorded them on video, which led to the rise of Jackass in the early 2000s. He also hosted the TV series Homewrecker and Proving Ground, and appeared in the feature films Blonde Ambition and Street Dreams, as well as in Margera's films Haggard and Minghags. Dunn died in a car crash in 2011, while driving drunk, at the age of 34.

Homewrecker (TV series)
Homewrecker is an American reality show on MTV that was hosted by Jackass star Ryan Dunn. The show is a twist on home renovation reality shows such as Trading Spaces and Extreme Makeover: Home Edition; but instead of the room being renovated, it is wrecked.
Tushratta
Tushratta  (Akkadian: Tušratta and Tuišeratta) was a king of Mitanni, c. 1358–1335 BCE, at the end of the reign of Amenhotep III and throughout the first half the reign of Akhenaten. He was the son of Shuttarna II. Tushratta stated that he was the grandson of Artatama I. His sister Gilukhipa (Gilu-ḫepa in Hurrian) and his daughter Tadukhipa (Tadu-ḫepa in Hurrian) were married to the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III; Tadukhipa later married Akhenaten, who took over his father's royal harem.

He had been placed on the throne after the murder of his brother Artashumara. He was probably quite young at the time and was destined to serve as a figurehead only, but he managed to dispose of the murderer. A tablet was found in a Mitanni building at Tell Brak which stated it was witnessed "in the presence of Tushratta, the king" and had a seal of an earlier king Shaushtatar on the reverse, which was a common practice.

Artashumara
Artashumara (Mitanni Aryan: Artasmara; Akkadian: Artašumara) was a ruler who briefly succeeded his father Shuttarna II as the king of Mitanni in the fourteenth century BC. He was a brother of Tushratta and Artatama II. He was later assassinated by a pro-Hittite group led by Tuhi, who declared himself as a regent after placing Tushratta on the throne. Tuhi was later executed by Tushratta.
Donald Howard Menzel
Donald Howard Menzel (April 11, 1901 – December 14, 1976) was one of the first theoretical astronomers and astrophysicists in the United States. He discovered the physical properties of the solar chromosphere, the chemistry of stars, the atmosphere of Mars, and the nature of gaseous nebulae.

Harvard College Observatory
The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, and was founded in 1839. With the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, it forms part of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.

HCO houses the Harvard Plate Stacks, a collection of approximately 600,000 astronomical plates taken between the mid-1880s and 1989 (with a gap from 1953–1968). This 100-year coverage is a unique resource for studying temporal variations in the universe. The Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard project scanned and 429,274 direct image plates, leaving nearly 200,000 spectra and other photographic plates yet to be digitized. In 2024, a new database, StarGlass, was created to combine the scientific data from the plates with the Plate Stack's archival holdings.
Harptree Combe
Harptree Combe (grid reference ST561558) is a 13.63-hectare (33.68-acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) near East Harptree notified in 1954. "Combe" or "coombe" is a West Country word meaning a steep-sided valley. It is also the site of a 19th-century aqueduct and is overlooked by the site of a castle dating from around 1100.

In August 2009, 22.67 acres (9.17 ha) of the Combe were purchased by Alan Sheppard for £60,000. He became the third owner since 1805, the previous sale being in 1922.

East Harptree
East Harptree is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. It is situated 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Wells and 15 miles (24.1 km) south of Bristol, on the northern slope of the Mendip Hills overlooking the Chew Valley. The parish has a population of 644. The parish includes the hamlet of Coley.
Military history of the Philippines
The military history of the Philippines is characterized by wars between Philippine kingdoms and its neighbors in the precolonial era and then Spanish and  American era, and then occupation by the Empire of Japan during World War II and participation in Asian conflicts post-World War II such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War. The Philippines has also battled a communist insurgency and a secessionist movement by Muslims in the southern portion of the country.

Philippine Revolutionary Army
The Philippine Revolutionary Army (Spanish: Ejército Revolucionario Filipino; Tagalog: Hukbong Tagapagbangong Puri), later renamed Philippine Republican Army,  was the army of the First Philippine Republic from its formation in March 1897 to its dissolution in November of 1899 in favor of guerrilla operations in the Philippine–American War.
Dunstable
Dunstable (/ˈdʌnstəbəl/ DUN-stə-bəl) is a market town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, east of the Chiltern Hills, 30 miles (50 kilometres) north of London. There are several steep chalk escarpments, most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north. Dunstable is the fourth largest town in Bedfordshire and along with Houghton Regis forms the westernmost part of the Luton/Dunstable urban area.

St Albans
St Albans (/sənt ˈɔːlbənz/) is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of London, 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Welwyn Garden City and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the city of Verulamium. It has a population of 82,146.
Jacob de Graeff
Jacob de Graeff (28 June 1642 in Amsterdam – 21 April 1690 ibid) was a member of the De Graeff-family from the Dutch Golden Age. He was an Amsterdam regent and held the title as  20th Free Lord of Ilpendam and Purmerland.

His political stance was characteristic of his family, on the one hand libertine and 'state oriented', republican on the other hand, if only partially, loyal to the House of Orange, the royalists. De Graeff was in intimate contact with the statesmen Johan de Witt and Willem III of Orange and the poet Joost van den Vondel.

De Graeff
De Graeff (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈɣraːf]; also:  De Graef, Graef, Graeff, Graaff, Graaf and De Graeff van Polsbroek) is a Dutch noble family.

The family divided into different lines, in Holland, Prussia (Germany) and South Africa including the patrician-aristocratic line of regents at Amsterdam. This line played a role during the Dutch Golden Age and were part of the Amsterdam and Holland public life and oligarchy from 1578 until 1672. They were a part of the Dutch States Party and therefore opponents of monarchist ambitions of the House of Orange. During that time, members of the De Graeff family were also patrons of art and artists, such as Rembrandt, Govaert Flinck, Gerard ter Borch, Jacob van Ruisdael, Caspar Netscher, Gerard de Lairesse, Artus Quellinus and Joost van den Vondel.

In 1677 members of the Amsterdam line were made knights of the Holy Roman Empire. Since 1885 the new founded Den Haag-line has been part of the Dutch nobility with the honorific of jonkheer.
Carolina Cougars
The Carolina Cougars were  a basketball franchise in the American Basketball Association that existed from 1969 through 1974. The Cougars were originally a charter member of the ABA as the Houston Mavericks in 1967. The Mavericks moved to North Carolina in late 1969 after two unsuccessful seasons in Houston at the Sam Houston Coliseum.

Sports portal

Kentucky Colonels
The Kentucky Colonels were an American professional basketball team based in Louisville, Kentucky. They competed in the American Basketball Association (ABA) from 1967 to 1976. The name is derived from the historic Kentucky Colonels. The Colonels won the most games and had the highest winning percentage of any franchise in the league's history. However, the team did not join the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the 1976 ABA–NBA merger. The downtown Louisville Convention Center (now known as The Gardens) was the Colonels' venue for their first three seasons before moving to Freedom Hall for the remaining seasons, beginning with the 1970–71 schedule.

The Kentucky Colonels and the Indiana Pacers were the only ABA teams to play for the entire duration of the league without moving, changing team names, or folding.  The Colonels were also the only major league franchise in Kentucky since the Louisville Breckenridges left the National Football League in 1923.
Imaginary Records
Imaginary Records was an independent record label based in Heywood, Greater Manchester, England, which specialised mainly in indie rock and post-punk. It was started in 1985 by Alan Duffy, known for his lyrical contributions to Porcupine Tree's first two albums, On the Sunday of Life and Up the Downstair, and Andy Hopkins.

The label released many albums by the Chameleons and related bands, including the Reegs, and Mark Burgess' Zima Junction.

The label also released a number of artist tribute albums, on which contemporary acts recorded cover versions of influential artists such as Captain Beefheart, the Velvet Underground, the Byrds, Syd Barrett, the Kinks, and Nick Drake, leading to Duffy being described as a "tribute entrepreneur".  Contributors to this series of albums included Sonic Youth, the Membranes, Nirvana, Echo & the Bunnymen, XTC, Dinosaur Jr., Ride, Screaming Trees and Buffalo Tom. The albums were released in the US by Communion Records.

Heaven & Hell: A Tribute to the Velvet Underground
Heaven & Hell: A Tribute to the Velvet Underground is a series of tribute albums released by Imaginary Records in the UK dedicated to American rock band the Velvet Underground. While not technically part of the series, Imaginary Records also released another tribute album to the Velvet Underground, called Fifteen Minutes which is in fact merely a compilation of fourteen tracks from the three Heaven & Hell albums. In 2009 Ozit-Morpheus Records re-released this compilation under the title Unpiecing the Jigsaw: A Tribute to the Velvet Underground which appended two live tracks by Nico ("Femme Fatale"  and "All Tomorrow's Parties") to the third disc, and, on a fourth disc, a lengthy interview called 47 Minutes in Depth With Lou Reed.
Sirenia (band)
Sirenia is a Norwegian gothic metal band from Stavanger, founded in 2001 by Morten Veland.

The band uses melodic instrumentals, synthesizers, and distorted guitars with female vocals, male death vocals, clean male vocals, a choir, and violins. The lyrics are concerned with human existence, emotion, and mental states.

Jonathan Pérez (musician)
Jonathan Alejandro Pérez is a Chilean drummer who is currently based in Kristiansand, Norway. He is known for his work with the Norwegian gothic metal and symphonic metal bands Trail of Tears and Sirenia. He is currently the drummer of Green Carnation since 2016.
Ginsweiler
Ginsweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

Reipoltskirchen
Reipoltskirchen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.