hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quietism (Christian contemplation)
Quietism is the name given (especially in Catholic theology) to a set of contemplative practices that rose in popularity in France, Italy, and Spain during the late 1670s and 1680s, particularly associated with the writings of the Spanish mystic Miguel de Molinos (and subsequently François Malaval and Madame Guyon), and which were condemned as heresy by Pope Innocent XI in the papal bull Coelestis Pastor of 1687. Quietism was seen by critics as holding that man's highest perfection consists in a sort of psychical self-annihilation and a consequent absorption of the soul into the Divine Essence even during the present life.

Hesychasm
Hesychasm (/ˈhɛsɪkæzəm, ˈhɛzɪ-/) is a contemplative monastic tradition in the Eastern Christian traditions of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches in which stillness (hēsychia) is sought through uninterrupted Jesus prayer. While rooted in early Christian monasticism, it took its definitive form in the 14th century at Mount Athos.
Indecomposable module
In abstract algebra, a module is indecomposable if it is non-zero and cannot be written as a direct sum of two non-zero submodules.

Indecomposable is a weaker notion than simple module (which is also sometimes called irreducible module):
simple means "no proper submodule" N < M,
while indecomposable "not expressible as N ⊕ P = M".

A direct sum of indecomposables is called completely decomposable; this is weaker than being semisimple, which is a direct sum of simple modules.

A direct sum decomposition of a module into indecomposable modules is called an indecomposable decomposition.

Direct sum of modules
In abstract algebra, the direct sum is a construction which combines several modules into a new, larger module. The direct sum of modules is the smallest module which contains the given modules as submodules with no "unnecessary" constraints, making it an example of a coproduct. Contrast with the direct product, which is the dual notion.

The most familiar examples of this construction occur when considering vector spaces (modules over a field) and abelian groups (modules over the ring Z of integers). The construction may also be extended to cover Banach spaces and Hilbert spaces.

See the article decomposition of a module for a way to write a module as a direct sum of submodules.
Dad-windad
Dad-windad (also spelled Dad-bendad) was a Parthian grandee, who served as the chief secretary (dabirbad) of the last Arsacid monarch, Artabanus IV (r. 213–224). He took part in the climactic battle of Hormozdgan in 224 between the Arsacid and Sasanian forces, which resulted in the defeat and death of Artabanus IV, with Dad-windad meeting his end shortly afterwards.

Artabanus IV of Parthia
Artabanus IV, also known as Ardavan IV (Parthian: 𐭓𐭕𐭐𐭍), incorrectly known in older scholarship as Artabanus V, was the last monarch of the Parthian Empire from c. 213 to 224. He was the younger son of Vologases V, who died in 208.

Artabanus IV rebelled against his brother, Vologases VI, a few years after the latter succeeded their father as king. He was able to take control of most of the Parthian territories, although his brother continued to rule over a reduced principality. He fought off an invasion by the Roman emperor Caracalla in 217, preserving Parthian control over most of Mesopotamia. He then faced a rebellion in Persis by Ardashir, a local dynast. Artabanus's and Ardashir's armies met in April 224 at the Battle of Hormozdgan, where Artabanus was killed and his army was defeated. Ardashir then went on to conquer the rest of the Parthian Empire, inaugurating the rule of the Sasanian dynasty over Iran.
Hanns Eisler
Hanns Eisler (6 July 1898 – 6 September 1962) was a German-Austrian composer. He is best known for composing the national anthem of East Germany, for his long artistic association with Bertolt Brecht, and for the scores he wrote for films. The Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin is named after him.

Einheitsfrontlied
The "Einheitsfrontlied" (German for "United Front Song") is one of the most famous songs of the German labour movement. It was written by Bertolt Brecht and composed by Hanns Eisler. The best known rendition was sung by Ernst Busch.
The Escape Game
The Escape Game (established in 2014) is a U.S.-based escape room company offering puzzle-based experiences. Players work together to solve a series of challenges in themed environments to accomplish specific goals within a set time, usually 60 minutes. The company became one of the largest escape room chains in the U.S. with over 45 escape rooms nationwide.

Escape room
An escape room, also known as an escape game, puzzle room, exit game, or riddle room, is a game in which a team of players discover clues, solve puzzles, and accomplish tasks in one or more rooms in order to accomplish a specific goal in a limited amount of time. The goal is often to escape from the site of the game.

Most escape games are cooperative, but competitive variants exist. Escape rooms became popular in North America, Europe, and East Asia in the 2010s. Permanent escape rooms in fixed locations were first opened in Asia and followed later in Hungary, Serbia, Australia, New Zealand, Russia, and South America.
Religion in Chennai
Chennai is religiously cosmopolitan, with its denizens following various religions, chief among them being Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism. Chennai, along with Mumbai, Delhi, Kochi, and Kolkata, is one of the few Indian cities that are home to a diverse population of ethno-religious communities.

With the majority of the people in India following Hinduism, Chennai, like other Indian cities, is home to more Hindus than any other religion. Chennai has centres of worship for a multitude of faiths. According to 2001 census, majority of the population are Hindus (81.3 percent), Muslims (9.4 percent), Christians (7.6 percent), Jains (1.1 percent), Sikhs (0.06 percent), and Buddhists (0.04 percent).

Vadapalani Andavar Temple
Vadapalani Andavar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Muruga. It is located in Vadapalani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It was renovated in the 1920s and a Rajagopuram was built during that time. The temple has grown in popularity, which is believed to be in part due to the patronage of cinema stars.
Phi Delta Chi
Phi Delta Chi (ΦΔΧ or Phi Dex) is an American coed professional fraternity. It was founded in 1883 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It was formed to advance the science of pharmacy and its allied interests and to foster and promote a fraternal spirit among its brothers, now both male and female.

Rho Chi
Rho Chi (ΡΧ) is an international honor society for pharmaceutical sciences. It was founded on May 19, 1922, to "encourage high scholastic achievement and fellowship among students in pharmacy and to promote the pharmaceutical sciences".
World Jewish Congress
The World Jewish Congress (WJC) is an international federation of Jewish communities and organizations, founded in Geneva, Switzerland, in August 1936. According to its mission statement, the World Jewish Congress's main purpose is to act as "the diplomatic arm of the Jewish people". Membership in the WJC is open to all representative Jewish groups or communities, irrespective of the social, political or economic ideology of the community's host country. The World Jewish Congress headquarters are in New York City, and the organization maintains international offices in Brussels, Belgium; Jerusalem; Paris, France; Moscow, Russia; Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Geneva, Switzerland. The WJC has special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.

Claims Conference
The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, or Claims Conference, represents the world's Jews in negotiating for compensation and restitution for victims of Nazi persecution and their heirs. According to Section 2(1)(3) of the Property Law of Germany, the Claims Conference is a legal successor with respect to the claims not filed on time by Jewish people. This fact was reasserted in decisions of some lawsuits which attempted to redefine the Claims Conference as a "trustee" of these assets. These lawsuits were dismissed. The Claims Conference administers compensation funds, recovers unclaimed Jewish property, and allocates funds to institutions that provide social welfare services to Holocaust survivors and preserve the memory and lessons of the Holocaust. Julius Berman has led the organization as chairman of the board, and currently president, as of 2020.
Mégantic-Compton
Megantic-Compton is a former provincial electoral district in the Estrie region of Quebec, Canada. As of its final election, it included the municipalities of East Angus, Cookshire-Eaton, Lac-Mégantic, Weedon, Lac-Drolet and Chartierville.

It was created for the 1973 election from parts of Frontenac, Compton, and Wolfe electoral districts; despite the name, it did not include any part of the territory of the former Mégantic electoral district. Its final election was in 2008.  It disappeared in the 2012 election and the successor electoral district was the recreated Mégantic.

Mégantic (provincial electoral district)
Mégantic is a provincial electoral district in the Estrie and Chaudière-Appalaches regions of Quebec, Canada. It notably includes the municipalities of Lac-Mégantic, Cookshire-Eaton, East Angus, Ascot Corner, Stoke, Weedon and Disraeli.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada). It was abolished before the 1973 election and its territory was mostly divided between Lotbinière and Frontenac; a small part also went to Arthabaska. Despite the name, none of the territory of Mégantic went into the newly created Mégantic-Compton. However, Mégantic-Compton was abolished before the 2012 election and its successor electoral district was the recreated Mégantic, which contains most of the former area Mégantic-Compton, as well as parts of Johnson, Richmond, and Frontenac as they existed prior to the 2012 election.
Michael III
Michael III  (Ancient Greek: Μιχαήλ, romanized: Michaḗl; 9/10 January 840 – 24 September 867), also known as Michael the Drunkard, was Byzantine emperor from 842 to 867. Michael III was the third and traditionally last member of the Amorian (or Phrygian) dynasty. He was given the disparaging epithet the Drunkard (ὁ Μέθυσος) by the hostile historians of the succeeding Macedonian dynasty, but modern historical research has rehabilitated his reputation to some extent, demonstrating the vital role his reign played in the resurgence of Byzantine power in the 9th century. He was also the youngest person to bear the imperial title (aged 4 months), as well as the youngest to succeed as senior emperor (aged 2) in the Roman Empire. In 867, Michael was assassinated by his successor, Basil I.

Cyril and Methodius
Cyril (Greek: Κύριλλος, romanized: Kýrillos; born Constantine [Greek: Κωνσταντίνος, romanized: Konstantínos]; 826–869) and Methodius (Μεθόδιος, Methódios; born Michael [Greek: Μιχαήλ, romanized: Michaíl]; 815–885) were brothers, Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries. For their work evangelizing the Slavs, they are known as the "Apostles to the Slavs".

They are credited with devising the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet used to transcribe Old Church Slavonic. After their deaths, their pupils continued their missionary work among other Slavs. Both brothers are venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church as saints with the title of "equal-to-apostles". In 1880, Pope Leo XIII introduced their feast into the calendar of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. In 1980, the first Slav pope, Pope John Paul II declared them co-patron saints of Europe, together with Benedict of Nursia.
Lee Dugatkin
Lee Alan Dugatkin is an evolutionary biologist, animal behaviorist and historian of science at the University of Louisville. His research includes work on the evolution of cooperation, the evolution of altruism, the evolution of aggression, the evolution of culture, the process of domestication, the evolution of antibiotic resistance, the evolution of monozygotic twinning, social networks in nonhumans, and the role of natural history in 18th and 19th century America and Europe. Dugatkin's work has been cited in the literature more than 16,000 times.

Carl Bergstrom
Carl Theodore Bergstrom is a theoretical and evolutionary biologist and a professor at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington, United States. Bergstrom is a critic of low-quality or misleading scientific research. He is the co-author of a book on misinformation called Calling Bullshit: The Art of Skepticism in a Data-Driven World and teaches a class by the same name at University of Washington.
Whyte Yarcowie, South Australia
Whyte Yarcowie is a town and a locality in the Australian state of South Australia. It is on the Barrier Highway between Hallett and Terowie.

The town of Yarcowie was surveyed in 1875. First land was released to settlers in the district of Yarcowie in March 1872. The name is said to be Aboriginal (Ngadjuri) for "Wide Water". The name changed to Whyte Yarcowie in 1929 after early pastoralist John Whyte. The railway station on the Peterborough railway line was opened in 1880, but the railway closed in 1988.

The Yarcowie Hotel (formerly the Commercial Hotel) on the Barrier Highway opened around 1881. A second hotel – also then known as the Yarcowie Hotel or Globe Hotel – operated between 1875 and 1893.

Whyte Yarcowie is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Stuart and the local government area of the Regional Council of Goyder.

Ngadjuri
The Ngadjuri people are a group of Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands lie in the mid north of South Australia with a territory extending from Gawler in the south to Orroroo in the Flinders Ranges in the north.
Siksjøen
Siksjøen is a lake in Os Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2.69-square-kilometre (1.04 sq mi) lake is located in the Tufsingdalen valley in the southeastern part of the municipality, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of the village of Os. The lake is very long and narrow, measuring 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long, but only about 600 metres (0.4 mi) wide at its widest.

Os Municipality (Innlandet)
Os is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Os i Østerdalen. Other villages in the municipality include Dalsbygda, Narbuvoll, and Tufsingdalen.

The 1,040-square-kilometre (400 sq mi) municipality is the 110th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Os Municipality is the 289th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,895. The municipality's population density is 1.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.7/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Nard & B
Nard & B are an American record production team, composed of record producers James "Nard" Bernard Rosser Jr. and Brandon "B" Rackley, from Atlanta, Georgia. In 2007, the duo signed a deal with American recording artist T.I.'s Grand Hustle Records. In 2007, Nard & B founded TrenchWerk Entertainment, a music production company, with the intention of "uniting the best music producers in Atlanta and creating the most undeniable and unmatched production available."

Tha Connect
Tha Connect is the debut studio album by American rapper Willy Northpole from Phoenix, Arizona. It was released on June 23, 2009 via Disturbing tha Peace. Production was handled by several record producers, including Reefa, Bangladesh, Blac Elvis, LT Moe, Nard & B and Tha Bizness. It features guest appearances from B.o.B., Bobby V and Ne-Yo. The album's first week sales were 80,000. As of October 18, 2009 the album has 250,000 record sales.
Tokyo Rapid Railway
The Tokyo Rapid Railway (Japanese: 東京高速鉄道) was a private railway operator that once built and operated the section of the present-day Tokyo Metro Ginza Line between Shimbashi Station and Shibuya Station from 1934 to 1941.

Together with the Tokyo Underground Railway, which opened the line between Asakusa Station and Shimbashi Station as Japan’s first subway section, it formed one of the two principal predecessors of the modern Tokyo Subway.

In 1941, following the outbreak of World War II, it was ultimately merged with the Tokyo Underground Railway into the Teito Rapid Transit Authority under the Land Transportation Business Adjustment Law.

Omote-sandō Station
Omote-sando Station (表参道駅, Omote-sandō-eki) is a Tokyo Metro subway station located at the intersection of Omotesandō (Avenue Omotesandō) and Aoyama-dori (Aoyama Street) in Aoyama, Minato ward, Tokyo, Japan. Part of the Chiyoda Line platforms extends into Shibuya ward.
Singkep
Singkep is an island in the Lingga Archipelago in Indonesia. Its area is 757 square kilometres (292 sq mi). It is separated from the east coast of Sumatra by the Berhala Strait. It is surrounded by islands Posik to the west, I. Serak to the SW, I. Lalang to the South, and I. Selayar of Riau Islands between Lingga and Singkep.

Lingga Island
Lingga Island is the largest and most populated of the Lingga Islands, Indonesia. It has an area of 889 square kilometres (343 sq mi). It is located south of the Riau Islands off the east coast of Sumatra. The other major island of the archipelago is Singkep.
Amman Governorate
Amman Governorate, officially known as Muhafazat al-Asima (Arabic: محافظة العاصمة, English translation: the Capital Governorate), is one of the governorates in Jordan. The governorate's capital is the city of Amman, which is also the country's capital. The administrative center of the governorate, as well as all government offices and parliament, is located in the Abdali district.

The Amman Governorate has the largest population of the 12 governorates of Jordan. It borders Zarqa Governorate to the north and north-east, the governorates of Balqa and Madaba to the west, Karak and Ma'an governorates to the south. It also shares an international border with Saudi Arabia from the east.

Umm ar-Rasas
Umm ar-Rasas (Arabic: أم الرّصاص; ancient name: Kastron Mefa'a) is located 30 km southeast of Madaba in the Amman Governorate in central Jordan. It was once accessible by branches of the King's Highway, and is situated in the semi-arid steppe region of the Jordanian Desert. The site has been associated with the biblical settlement of Mephaat mentioned in the Book of Jeremiah. The Roman military utilized the site as a strategic garrison, but it was later converted and inhabited by Christian and Islamic communities. In 2004, the site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is valued by archaeologists for its extensive ruins dating to the Roman, Byzantine, and early Muslim periods. The Franciscan academic society in Jerusalem, Studium Biblicum Franciscanum (SBF), carried out excavations at the north end of the site in 1986, but much of the area remains buried under debris.
CEAM Modèle 1950
The CEAM Modèle 1950 was a prototype assault rifle chambered in the .30 Carbine round.  It was developed by Centre d'Etudes et d'Armement de Mulhouse (CEAM) of France during the late 1940s/early 1950s, as a development of the German StG 45(M) assault rifle. The three initial prototypes, designated Modèle 1, were chambered in 7.92×33mm Kurz, 7.65×35mm (an experimental French cartridges developed by Cartoucherie de Valence), and .30 Carbine. All succeeding prototypes (Modèle 1949, Modèle II, and the definitive Modèle 1950) were chambered in .30 Carbine. All versions of the design included a combined bipod/handguard and a folding buttstock. Due to economic considerations, with France fighting the Indochina War and being the second biggest NATO contributor, the weapon was cancelled. Co-designer Ludwig Vorgrimler then left for Spain, where he further developed the concept into the CETME rifle, which in turn was developed into the Heckler & Koch G3.

Heckler & Koch G3
The Heckler & Koch G3 (German: Gewehr 3) is a select-fire battle rifle chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO developed in the 1950s by the West German firearms manufacturer Heckler & Koch, in collaboration with the Spanish state-owned firearms manufacturer CETME. The G3 was the service rifle of the West German Bundeswehr until it was replaced by the Heckler & Koch G36 in the 1990s after German reunification, and was adopted into service with numerous other countries.

The G3 has been exported to over 70 countries and manufactured under license in at least 15 countries. Over 7.8 million G3s have been produced. Its modular design was used for several other HK firearm models, including the HK21, MP5, HK33, PSG1, and G41.
Penwell, New Jersey
Penwell is an unincorporated community located within Lebanon Township in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Penwell is a community in the north of Lebanon Township that was also most northern settlement in Hunterdon County. It was known as Penwell dating back to 1866 and was named after the Penn Well Mills on the Musconetcong River. When the property of Sylvanus Hoffman was advertised for sale in 1886, the village was described as being on the Washington Turnpike (now Route 57) and his land "along a stream".

The Miller Farmstead, nearby, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and includes a historic stone arch bridge over the Musconetcong River.

Lebanon Township, New Jersey
Lebanon Township (pronounced "LEB-uh-nin") is the northernmost township in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 6,195, a decrease of 393 (−6.0%) from the 2010 census count of 6,588, which in turn reflected an increase of 772 (+13.3%) from the 5,816 counted in the 2000 census.

Located within the Raritan Valley region, the township is situated in the northernmost part of Hunterdon County bordering both Morris and Warren counties. When Lebanon Township was created in 1731, its original borders extended from the Musconetcong River to Readington Township.
Denhamia bilocularis
Denhamia bilocularis, commonly known as orangebark,  is a tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It grows to 10 metres high and has leaves with toothed edges that are 3 to 9 cm long and 1.3 to 3 cm wide and elliptic, ovate or obovate in shape.

The flowers, in short racemes or clusters, appear between September and December in the species' native range.

The species was formally described in 1859 by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, who gave it the name Celastrus bilocularis. The species was transferred to the genus Maytenus in 1942, and to genus Denhamia in 2011.

The species occurs in dry rainforest and eucalypt forest in a discrete population near Atherton, Queensland as well from Biloela, Queensland southwards to Dorrigo, New South Wales.

Denhamia
Denhamia is a genus of plants within the family Celastraceae, with species in Australia, New Guinea, and New Caledonia. The species inhabit a variety of environments, from rainforest to semi-arid savanna. All species grow as shrubs or small trees up to 10 metres in height. 17 species are currently accepted. Based on a molecular and morphological analysis, the genus was enlarged in 2011 to include several Australian and Pacific island species formerly classified as Maytenus – Denhamia bilocularis, D. cunninghamii, D. cupularis, D. disperma, D. fasciculiflora, D. ferdinandii, D.fournieri, and D. silvestris.