hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Türgesh
The Türgesh or Türgish (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰾:𐰉𐰆𐰑, romanized: Türügeš budun, lit. 'Türgesh people'; simplified Chinese: 突骑施; traditional Chinese: 突騎施; pinyin: Tūqíshī; Wade–Giles: T'u-ch'i-shih; Old Tibetan: Du-rgyas) were a Turkic tribal confederation. Once belonging to the Duolu wing of the Western Turkic On Oq elites, Türgeshes emerged as an independent power after the demise of the Western Turks and established a khaganate in 699. The Türgesh Khaganate lasted until 766 when the Karluks defeated them. Türgesh and Göktürks were related through marriage.

Kül-chor
Kül-chor, (Old Turkic: Küli Čur), known in Arabic sources as Kūrṣūl (كورصول) and identified with the Baga Tarkhan (Chinese: 莫贺达干; pinyin: Mòhè Dágān) of the Chinese records, was one of the main Turgesh leaders under the khagan Suluk. He is chiefly known for his role in the Turgesh wars against the Umayyad Caliphate in Transoxiana, and for being responsible for the murder of Suluk in 738, precipitating the collapse of Turgesh power. After eliminating his rivals, he rose to become khagan himself, but soon fell out with his Chinese backers and was defeated and executed in 744. Some Arabic sources, however, record that he was killed by the Arabs in 739.
Inka Parei
Inka Parei (born 1967 in Frankfurt) is a German writer who lives in Berlin. She studied sociology, political science, sinology and German studies. Parei won the 2003 Ingeborg Bachmann Prize for excerpts from her book Was Dunkelheit war.

Festival of German-Language Literature
The Festival of German-Language Literature (German: Tage der deutschsprachigen Literatur) is a literary event which takes place annually in Klagenfurt, Austria. During this major literary festival which lasts for several days a number of awards are given, the major one being the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize, first awarded in 1977 and one of the most important awards for literature in the German language.
Comanche language
Comanche (English: /kəˈmæntʃi/, endonym Nʉmʉ Tekwapʉ̲) is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Comanche, who split from the Shoshone soon after the Comanche had acquired horses around 1705. The Comanche language and the Shoshoni language are quite similar, but certain consonant changes in Comanche have inhibited mutual intelligibility.

The name Comanche comes from the Ute word kɨmantsi "enemy, stranger". Their own name for the language is nʉmʉ tekwapʉ, which means "language of the people".

Voicelessness
In linguistics, voicelessness is the property of sounds being pronounced without the larynx vibrating. Phonologically, it is a type of phonation, which contrasts with other states of the larynx, but some object that the word phonation implies voicing and that voicelessness is the lack of phonation.

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) has distinct letters for many voiceless and modally voiced pairs of consonants (the obstruents), such as [p b], [t d], [k ɡ], [q ɢ], [c ɟ], [f v], and [s z]. Also, there are diacritics for voicelessness,  U+0325 ◌̥ COMBINING RING BELOW and U+030A ◌̊ COMBINING RING ABOVE, which is used for letters with a descender. Diacritics are typically used with letters for prototypically voiced sounds, such as vowels and sonorant consonants: [ḁ], [l̥], [ŋ̊].
In Russian use of the IPA, the voicing diacritic may be turned for voicelessness, e.g. ⟨ṋ⟩.
Mound Bottom
Mound Bottom is a prehistoric Native American complex in Cheatham County, Tennessee, located in the Southeastern United States.  The complex, which consists of earthen platform and burial mounds, a 7-acre central plaza, and habitation areas, was occupied between approximately 1000 and 1300 AD, during the Mississippian period.

The Mound Bottom site is likely associated with another mound complex located just over a mile to the south known as the Pack Site, or Great Mound Division, and together they have been called the "Great Mound Group." Due to structural similarities in the mounds and ceramic chronologies, these sites are believed to have been contemporaneous.

Stone box grave
Stone box graves were a method of burial used by Native Americans of the Mississippian culture in the Midwestern United States and the Southeastern United States. Their construction was especially common in the Cumberland River Basin, in settlements found around present-day Nashville, Tennessee.
Kreuznach (electoral district)
Kreuznach is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 200. It is located in central Rhineland-Palatinate, comprising the districts of Bad Kreuznach and Birkenfeld.

Kreuznach was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2025, it has been represented by Julia Klöckner of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU).

Bad Kreuznach (district)
Bad Kreuznach (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Rhein-Hunsrück, Mainz-Bingen, Alzey-Worms, Donnersbergkreis, Kusel and Birkenfeld.
2024 AIHL season
The 2024 AIHL season was the 23nd season of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). The season consisted of 155 total games, split between 150 regular season games and a five-game Goodall Cup Finals post-season. The regular season ran from 6 April to 11 August 2024. The Finals ran from 23 to 25 August 2024 in Melbourne, Australia. The Sydney Bears claimed a conference-Premiership double by winning the Hellyer conference trophy and H Newman Reid Trophy. The Newcastle Northstars claimed the Rurak conference trophy, while the Canberra Brave were crowned AIHL Champions and hoisted the Goodall Cup after defeating the Melbourne Ice in the grand final. The much-improved Central Coast Rhinos picked up the wooden spoon for a second year running.

Sydney Bears
The Sydney Bears (formerly known as the Macquarie Bears) is an Australian semi-professional ice hockey team from Sydney, New South Wales. Established in 1982, the Bears are the only remaining founding member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) still operating. The Bears are based at Macquarie Ice Rink, within the Macquarie Centre, in the northern suburbs of Sydney. The Sydney Bears are three time Goodall Cup champions and four time H Newman Reid Trophy premiers.
1 Monk Street, Monmouth
1 Monk Street, Monmouth was built as a Working Men's Free Institute. It is a Grade II Listed building in Monmouth, Wales and located next to Monmouth Baptist Church.

The architect was Benjamin Lawrence of Newport who later designed the church next door. The institute's staircase was made by Macfarlane, Glasgow, Wrought Ironwork was by Cormell Cheltenham and the carvings were by J Willis. The building opened in 1868. A smoking room and lecture room were added in 1897.

Monmouth Baptist Church
Monmouth Baptist Church is located in Monk Street, Monmouth, south east Wales.   The church building was opened in 1907, although the Baptist congregation had been formed in 1818. The church became a Grade II listed building on 27 October 1998.
St. Mary's Church (Staten Island)
The Church of St. Mary  is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 1101 Bay Street, Staten Island, New York City. St. Mary's is the second oldest of the 36 Roman Catholic parishes on Staten Island, having been established in 1852, after St. Peter's (1839), and before St. Joseph's in Rossville (1855).

In 2015, the parishes of St. Mary's, St. Joseph in Rosebank, and Immaculate Conception in Stapleton were merged to form the Parish of St. Joseph and St. Mary Immaculate, thus closing the church, with masses remaining at St. Joseph's, and Immaculate Conception.

St. Peter's Church (Staten Island)
The Church of St. Peter is a parish church under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located in Staten Island, New York City in the neighborhood of New Brighton. St. Peter's is the oldest of the 36 Roman Catholic parishes on Staten Island, having been established in 1839, before the second-oldest St. Mary's (1852) and the third-oldest St. Joseph's (1855).
Walsh County Courthouse
The Walsh County Courthouse in Grafton, North Dakota was built in 1940. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

It was designed by architect T.B. Wells in Art Deco architecture.

Grafton, North Dakota
Grafton is a city and the county seat of Walsh County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 4,170 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 4,027 in 2024, making it the 16th-most populous city in North Dakota.
Retorbido
Retorbido (Lombard: Al Turbi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 km south of Milan and about 30 km southwest of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,242 and an area of 11.7 km2.

Retorbido borders the following municipalities: Codevilla, Rivanazzano Terme, Rocca Susella, Torrazza Coste, Voghera.

Rivanazzano Terme
Rivanazzano Terme (Lombard: La Riva; known simply as Rivanazzano before 30 July 2009) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy. It is located in the Oltrepò Pavese on the Staffora torrent, about 60 km south of Milan, about 30 km southwest of Pavia and on the boundary with the Province of Alessandria.

Rivanazzano Terme borders the following municipalities: Casalnoceto, Godiasco, Pontecurone, Retorbido, Rocca Susella, Voghera.
Piano Sonata No. 30 (Beethoven)
Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 30 in E major, Op. 109, composed in 1820, is the third-to-last of his piano sonatas. In it, after the huge Hammerklavier Sonata, Op. 106, Beethoven returns to a smaller scale and a more intimate character. It is dedicated to Maximiliane Brentano, the daughter of Beethoven's long-standing friend Antonie Brentano, for whom Beethoven had already composed the short Piano Trio in B♭ major WoO 39 in 1812. Musically, the work is characterised by a free and original approach to the traditional sonata form. Its focus is the third movement, a set of variations that interpret its theme in a wide variety of individual ways.

E major
E major is a major scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, and D♯. Its key signature has four sharps. Its relative minor is C-sharp minor and its parallel minor is E minor. Its enharmonic equivalent, F-flat major, has six flats and the double-flat B, which makes that key less convenient to use.

The E major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
Henry of Mayenne or Henry of Lorraine, (Dijon, 20 December 1578 – Montauban, 20 September 1621) was a French noble from the House of Lorraine and more particularly from the House of Guise.

He  was the eldest son of Charles, Duke of Mayenne and Henriette of Savoy, Marquise of Villars.

He became Duke of Aiguillon in 1599 and in 1611, when his father died, Duke of Mayenne, Marquis de Villars, Count of Maine, Tende and Sommerive. He also became a peer of France and inherited the Hôtel de Mayenne in Paris.
He was also Grand Chamberlain of France.
He was present at the coronation of King Louis XIII.

In 1621, he was killed at the failed Siege of Montauban by a musket shot in the eye. He was buried in the church of Aiguillon.

He had married in Soissons in February 1599 with Henriette de Nevers (1571–1601), daughter of Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers and Henriette of Cleves. They had no children.

He was succeeded by his sister's son Charles Gonzaga.

Henriette of Cleves
Henriette de La Marck (31 October 1542 – 24 June 1601), also known as Henriette of Cleves, was a French noblewoman and courtier. She was the 4th Duchess of Nevers, suo jure Countess of Rethel, and Princess of Mantua  by her marriage with Louis I of Gonzaga-Nevers. A very talented landowner, she was one of France's chief creditors until her death.
Business routes of Interstate 49
Four business routes of Interstate 49 (I-49) exist, all of them within the state of Missouri. All four were once business routes of U.S. Route 71 (US 71) and were converted to business routes of I-49 on December 12, 2012, when that highway was designated in Missouri.

Joplin, Missouri
Joplin is a city in Jasper and Newton counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. Most of the city lies in Jasper County, with the southern portion extending into Newton County. With a population of 51,762 at the 2020 census, Joplin is the 12th most-populous city in the state. The city covers an area of 38.21 square miles (99.0 km2) on the outer edge of the Ozark Mountains in southwestern Missouri. Joplin is the principal city of the three-county Joplin metropolitan area, which is home to 210,077 people and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Missouri. In May 2011, a violent EF5 tornado killed more than 150 people and destroyed one-third of the city.
Forel-sur-Lucens
Forel-sur-Lucens  is a former municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  In 2017, the former municipalities of Forel-sur-Lucens, Brenles, Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Cremin, and Sarzens merged into the municipality of Lucens.

Sarzens
Sarzens  is a former municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  In 2017 the former municipalities of Sarzens, Brenles, Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens merged into the municipality of Lucens.
Gorgany
Gorgany (Ukrainian: Ґорґани) is a mountain range in Western Ukraine in Outer Eastern Carpathians, adjacent to Chornohora range. The highest peak of Gorgany is Syvulia (1,836 m) with the other high peaks including Ihrovyshche, Vysoka (1,804 m), Lopushna (1,772 m) and Grofa. The mountains are made of flysch rock, mostly sandstone, which create typical for Gorgany debris fields (local names: gorgan, grekhot). They are bordered by the Mizunka River and Vyshkiv Pass in the west and the Prut River and Yablunytsia Pass in the east.

Gorgany are the least populated part of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The western parts of Gorgany are inhabited by Boykos, whose primary occupation is herding and timber exploitation. The major towns in the area include Vorokhta and Yaremche.

Divisions of the Carpathians
Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian Mountains system.

Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from western Europe all the way to southern Asia, and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually classified as "units". The main divisions are shown in the map on the right.

To generalize, there are three major provinces (regions): Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, and the Southern Carpathians.
John Whiteaker
John Whiteaker (May 4, 1820 – October 2, 1902) was an American politician, soldier, and judge. A native of Indiana, he joined the army during the Mexican–American War and then prospected during the California Gold Rush. After moving to the Oregon Territory, he served as a judge and member of the legislature. A Democrat, Whiteaker served as the first state Governor of Oregon from 1859 until 1862 and later was Oregon's Congressman from 1879 to 1881. He also was president of the Oregon State Senate and Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives.

Whiteaker, Eugene, Oregon
Whiteaker is a neighborhood in Eugene, Oregon, United States. It is located to the northwest of downtown Eugene, and is home to primarily working class residents. Though it has served as an agricultural and commercial district in the past, it has become a primarily residential area. It is known as a vibrant cultural hub, center of community and environmental activism, and home to alternative artists; it is increasingly also a nightlife district with many popular bars and restaurants.
Wakayama Line
The Wakayama Line (和歌山線, Wakayama-sen) is a railway line that links Nara Prefecture to Wakayama Prefecture, both in the Kansai region of Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It connects Ōji Station on the Yamatoji Line to Wakayama Station on the Hanwa Line and Kisei Main Line, with through train service to JR Namba via the Yamatoji Line and to Nara via the Sakurai Line.

Wakayama Station
Wakayama Station (和歌山駅, Wakayama-eki) is an interchange passenger railway station located in the city of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, jointly operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and the private railway company Wakayama Electric Railway.
Old Europe (archaeology)
Old Europe or Danubian civilisation was a relatively homogeneous pre-Indo-European Neolithic and Copper Age culture or civilisation in Southeast Europe, centred in the Lower Danube Valley. The term was coined by the Lithuanian-American archaeologist Marija Gimbutas.

The term "Danubian culture" was earlier coined by the archaeologist Vere Gordon Childe to describe early farming cultures (e.g. the Linear Pottery culture) which spread westwards and northwards from the Danube Valley into Central and Eastern Europe.

Sesklo
Sesklo (Greek: Σέσκλο; Aromanian: Seshklu) is a village in Greece that is located near Volos, a city located within the municipality of Aisonia. The municipality is located within the regional unit of Magnesia that is located within the administrative region of Thessaly. During the prehistory of Southeastern Europe, Sesklo was a significant settlement of Neolithic Greece, before the advent of the Bronze Age and millennia before the Mycenaean period.
Anglican Diocese of Bendigo
The Anglican Diocese of Bendigo is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Australia. It is situated in the Bendigo region of the state of Victoria, Australia. Its geographic remit extends from that part of Victoria that lies north of the Great Dividing Range and west of the Goulburn River to the border with the state of South Australia. The diocesan cathedral is St Paul's Cathedral, Bendigo. The diocese was separated from the Diocese of Melbourne in 1902, with Henry Archdall Langley installed as the first bishop. The current bishop, Matt Brain, was installed on 17 February 2018.

Matthew Brain
Matthew Brain is an Australian bishop of the Anglican Church of Australia. He has served as the 10th bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Bendigo in regional Victoria since February 2018. Between June 2015 and 2018 he served as an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn.
Mariana van Zeller
Mariana van Zeller (born May 7, 1976) is a Portuguese-American journalist and correspondent for National Geographic Channel. She was the chief correspondent for Fusion (until the channel ceased its operations in December 2021), and is a former correspondent for the Vanguard documentary series on the former Current TV. She's a recipient of the Peabody Award.

Trafficked with Mariana van Zeller
Trafficked With Mariana van Zeller, also known as Trafficked: Underworlds with Mariana van Zeller (as of season 4), is an American documentary television series about trafficking and black markets. It covers topics like drugs, human organs, guns, surgery, and stolen cars, among others. The show is hosted by investigative journalist Mariana van Zeller and is aired by National Geographic. The first season aired in 2020 and five seasons of the show have been produced as of 2025.
Hamelin
Hamelin (/ˈhæməlɪn/ HAM-(ə-)lin; German: Hameln [ˈhaːml̩n] ⓘ) is a town on the river Weser in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Hameln-Pyrmont and has a population of roughly 57,000. Hamelin is best known for the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin.

Hameln-Pyrmont
Hameln-Pyrmont is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Schaumburg, Hanover, Hildesheim and Holzminden, and by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (district of Lippe).
West Islip, New York
West Islip is a hamlet and CDP settled in 1683, located in the Town of Islip, in Suffolk County, New York, United States. Situated on the South Shore of Long Island, the population of the CDP was 27,048 at the time of the 2020 census.

Good Samaritan University Hospital
Good Samaritan University Hospital (formerly Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center) is a 537-bed non-profit teaching hospital on Long Island located in West Islip, New York. The hospital contains 100 nursing home beds as well as operates an adult Level I trauma center and a pediatric Level II trauma center. Good Samaritan University Hospital opened in May 1959, and has expanded several times since opening. It has been Magnet-designed for its quality nursing since 2006, and is a member of Catholic Health. The hospital is also a major regional clinical campus for clinical clerkships and postgraduate medical training affiliated with the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, one of the largest medical schools in the United States.
Esk Valley Railway (Scotland)
The Esk Valley Railway was a short branch line built to serve industry in the valley of the River North Esk, south of Edinburgh in Scotland. The terminus was Polton. The line opened on 15 April 1867

In the nineteenth century passenger use of the line was buoyant, but it declined substantially when road transport services became widespread from the 1920s. The passenger service was withdrawn in 1951, and the goods service closed after the decline of the local industries, in 1964. No railway use is made of the former line now.

Polton
Polton is a village located in Lasswade parish, Midlothian, Scotland, anciently a superiority of the Ramsay family, cadets of Dalhousie. In 1618 David Ramsay of Polton was in possession. (See: Analecta Scotica, Edinburgh, 1834).
Fighting Odds
Fighting Odds is a 1917 American silent drama film produced and distributed by Goldwyn Pictures and starring stage beauty Maxine Elliott. The film is based on the play Under Sentence by Irvin S. Cobb and Roi Cooper Megrue. The picture was amongst Goldwyn's first productions as an independent producer. It was directed by veteran Allan Dwan and is a surviving film at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and Gosfilmofond in Russia.

Goldwyn Pictures
Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company that operated from 1916 to 1924 when it was merged with two other production companies to form the major studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was founded on November 19, 1916, by Samuel Goldfish (who later changed his name to Goldwyn), an executive at Lasky's Feature Play Company, and Broadway producer brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, using an amalgamation of both last names to name the company.

The studio proved moderately successful, but became most famous due to its iconic Leo the Lion trademark. Although Metro was the nominal survivor, the merged studio inherited Goldwyn's old facility in Culver City, California, where it would remain until 1986. The merged studio also retained Goldwyn's Leo the Lion logo.

Lee Shubert of The Shubert Organization was an investor in the company.