hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ćaci u školu
"Ćaci u školu" (Serbian Cyrillic: Ћаци у школу) was a piece of graffiti that appeared on January 22, 2025, at the entrance to the Jovan Jovanović Zmaj Gymnasium in Novi Sad, Serbia. Painted in red on a fence post, the graffiti drew widespread attention due to a notable spelling error—the use of the Cyrillic letter ћ (ć) instead of ђ (đ) in the word "đaci" (meaning "students"). This resulted in the nonsensical phrase "ćaci u školu" (roughly "ćaci to school"), which was initially met with humor and criticism regarding the orthographic mistake.

Ćaciland Protest Camp
Ćaciland (Serbian Cyrillic: Ћациленд) is a colloquial name for a camp in Pionirski Park in Belgrade, Serbia, in response to student anti-corruption demonstrations in Serbia by supporters of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), who call themselves "Students 2.0" or "students who want to study". It was created in March 2025, a few days before the largest protest in the country's history.
Audacious (software)
Audacious is a free and open-source audio player software with a focus on low resource use, high audio quality, and support for a wide range of audio formats. It is designed primarily for use on POSIX-compatible Unix-like operating systems, with limited support for Microsoft Windows.

Audacious was the default audio player in Ubuntu Studio in 2011–12, and was the default music player in Lubuntu until October 2018, when it was replaced with VLC.

GTK
GTK (formerly GIMP ToolKit and GTK+) is a free open-source widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs) targeted at Linux and specifically GNOME (though with some use in other desktop environments). It is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, allowing both free and proprietary software to use it.

The GTK team releases new versions on a regular basis. GTK 4 and GTK 3 are actively maintained, while GTK 2 is no longer supported. GTK 1 is independently maintained by the CinePaint project.
Galeotto I Malaspina
Galeotto Malaspina (Fosdinovo ? - Fosdinovo, 15 March 1367 ) was an Italian judge and nobleman. He was the son of Azzolino II Malaspina and grandson of Spinetta Malaspina, he is remembered to be the first Marquis of Fosdinovo.

Spinetta Malaspina
Spinetta Malaspina (1282–1352), also known as Spinetta Malaspina the Great, was a descendant of Obizzo Malaspina who served as Marquess of Verrucola and Lord of Fosdinovo. He was the progenitor of the Marquesses of Fosdinovo and the associated imperial fief.
LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations
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Discussions of LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations have included resolutions and joint statements in the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), attention to the expert-led human rights mechanisms (such as the United Nations Treaty Bodies and Special Procedures), as well as by the UN Agencies.

As of 2025, same-sex marriage is legally performed and recognized in 38 UN member states.

Outright International
Outright International (Outright) is an LGBTIQ human rights non-governmental organization (NGO) that addresses human rights violations and abuses against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. Outright International documents human rights discrimination and abuses based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics in partnership with activists, advocates, media, NGOs and allies on a local, regional, national and international level. Outright International holds consultative status with ECOSOC.
Saba Conservation Foundation
The Saba Conservation Foundation (SCF) is a non-governmental organization that is concerned with the conservation of the natural and cultural heritage of the small Caribbean island of Saba, which is a part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Saba is part of the inner arc of the Leeward Islands chain of the Lesser Antilles.

The SCF was founded in 1987. Its mission is "to commit to the preservation and enhancement of the marine and terrestrial environment on Saba through education, scientific research, monitoring and enforcement." The SCF has seven employees, and a board with ten members. The Foundation forms part of the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance.

SCF is headquartered at Fort Bay (Saba's only harbor), with a second office at the Saba Trail and Information Centre in Windwardside.

Saba (island)
Saba is a Caribbean island and the smallest special municipality (officially "public body") of the Netherlands. It consists largely of the dormant volcano Mount Scenery, which at 870 metres (2,854.3 ft) is the highest point of the entire Kingdom of the Netherlands. The island lies in the northern Leeward Islands portion of the West Indies, southeast of the Virgin Islands. Together with Bonaire and Sint Eustatius it forms the Caribbean Netherlands, also known as the BES islands.

Saba has a land area of 13 square kilometres (5.0 sq mi). The population was 2,158 in January 2025, with a population density of 147 inhabitants per square kilometre (380/sq mi). It is the smallest territory by permanent population in the Americas. Its towns and major settlements are The Bottom (the capital), Windwardside, Zion's Hill, and St. Johns.
Dibutyltin oxide
Dibutyltin oxide, or dibutyloxotin, is an organotin compound with the chemical formula (C4H9)2SnO.  It is a colorless solid that, when pure, is insoluble in organic solvents.  It is used as a reagent and a catalyst.

Organotin chemistry
Organotin chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organotin compounds or stannanes, which are organometallic compounds containing tin–carbon bonds. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide ((CH3CH2)2SnI2), discovered by Edward Frankland in 1849. The area grew rapidly in the 1900s, especially after the discovery of the Grignard reagents, which are useful for producing Sn–C bonds. The area remains rich with many applications in industry and continuing activity in the research laboratory.
Türkmenbaşy International Airport
Türkmenbaşy International Airport (Turkmen: Türkmenbaşy halkara howa menzili) (IATA: KRW, ICAO: UTAK), formerly Krasnovodsk Airport, is an international airport located in the city of Türkmenbaşy, on the coast of the Caspian Sea in the Balkan Region, Turkmenistan. It accepts both passenger and cargo flights. It opened in 1959 and is one of the seven international airports in Turkmenistan. The airport plays a major role in Turkmenistan's tourism industry, as Awaza is a popular resort destination.

Turkmenistan Airlines
Turkmenistan Airlines (Turkmen: Türkmenistan awiakompaniýasy açyk görnüşli paýdarlar jemgyýeti, commonly known as Türkmenhowaýollary) is the flag carrier and only airline of Turkmenistan, headquartered in Ashgabat. An open joint-stock company, it operates domestic and international passenger and cargo services mainly from its hub at Ashgabat International Airport.
Grinnell, Minturn & Co
Grinnell, Minturn & Co. was one of the leading transatlantic shipping companies in the middle 19th century.  It is probably best known today as being the owner and operator of the Flying Cloud, arguably the greatest of the clipper ships.

The company was engaged in the lucrative opium trade in the early 19th century. Afterward, it entered the transatlantic trade in human cargo during one of the greatest humanitarian catastrophes of that century, an Gorta Mór, after which it profited in the transportation trade of the California gold rush.

Moses H. Grinnell
Moses Hicks Grinnell (March 3, 1803 – November 24, 1877) was a shipper and businessman.  He became a United States Congressman representing New York, and a Commissioner of New York City's Central Park.
Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary
The Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary is an area of 50 million square kilometres surrounding the continent of Antarctica where the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has banned all types of commercial whaling. To date, the IWC has designated two such sanctuaries, the other being the Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary.

Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary
The Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary is an area in the Indian Ocean where the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has banned all types of commercial whaling. The IWC has at present designated two such sanctuaries, the other being the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary. Repeated proposals at the IWC for a South Atlantic Sanctuary and a South Pacific Sanctuary have never reached the 75% majority needed to pass.
The Push Man and Other Stories
The Push Man and Other Stories is a collection of gekiga short stories by manga artist Yoshihiro Tatsumi. It collects sixteen stories by Tatsumi which were serialized in the manga magazine Gekiga Young as well as in self-published dōjinshi magazines in 1969. Drawn & Quarterly collected the stories and published them on September 1, 2005. In 2006, the manga was nominated for the Ignatz Award for Outstanding Anthology or Collection and the Harvey Award for Best American Edition of Foreign Material.

Yoshihiro Tatsumi
Yoshihiro Tatsumi (辰巳 ヨシヒロ, Tatsumi Yoshihiro; June 10, 1935 – March 7, 2015) was a Japanese manga artist whose work was first published in his teens, and continued through the rest of his life. He is widely credited with starting the gekiga style of alternative manga in Japan, having allegedly coined the term in 1957. His work frequently illustrated the darker elements of life.
Stadion im Brötzinger Tal
Stadion im Brötzinger Tal is a stadium located in Pforzheim, Germany, which is used primarily by 1. CfR Pforzheim. It was built in 1913 and has a capacity of 10,000 people. The stadium hosted part of the European Monsters of Rock tour in 1987.

1. CfR Pforzheim
1. Club für Rasenspiele Pforzheim 1896 e.V., commonly known as 1. CfR Pforzheim is a football club based in Pforzheim, Germany. The club play in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg, which is the fifth tier of football in the country.
Fadolmidine
Fadolmidine (development code MPV-2426) is an experimental α2 adrenergic receptor agonist that has been investigated as a spinal analgesic. It was developed with the aim of providing antinociceptive effects with reduced systemic side effects compared to other α2 agonists.

Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Alpha-adrenergic agonists are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors. The alpha-adrenergic receptor has two subclasses, α1 and α2. Alpha 2 receptors are associated with sympatholytic properties. Alpha-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers. Alpha adrenoreceptor ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling in the heart, smooth muscle and central nervous system, with norepinephrine being the highest affinity. The activation of α1 stimulates the membrane bound enzyme phospholipase C, and activation of α2 inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase. Inactivation of adenylate cyclase in turn leads to the inactivation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate and induces smooth muscle and blood vessel constriction.
FC Irtysh Pavlodar
FC Irtysh (Kazakh: Ертіс футбол клубы) is a Kazakh professional football club based at the Central Stadium in Pavlodar. Irtysh won the Kazakhstan Premier league in 1993 (as Ansat), 1997, 1999, 2002 and 2003. The club was also founding members of the top league and never relegated to lower levels before being dissolved in 2020. It entered Kazakhstan Second League in 2024 and was promoted to Kazakhstan First League for 2025. Irtysh had participated in the AFC Champions League a number of times, reaching the semi-finals in 2001 (the final year of Kazakhstan's AFC affiliation), and played in UEFA Champions League qualifying round in 2003.

IFA Shield
The IFA Shield is a football competition organized by the Indian Football Association, the football governing body in the Indian state of West Bengal. The IFA came into existence in 1893, and was named after the association. The IFA Shield tournament was started in the same year. It is the third oldest football tournament in India, after Durand Cup and Trades Cup, and is among the oldest football competitions in the world.
Saint Helena Island (South Carolina)
St. Helena Island is a Sea Island in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. The island is connected to Beaufort by U.S. Highway 21. The island has a land area of about 64 sq mi (170 km2) and a population of 8,763 as of the 2010 census. It is included as part of the Hilton Head Island-Beaufort Micropolitan Area. The island is renowned for its rural Lowcountry character and being a major center of African-American Gullah culture and language. It is considered to be the geographic influence behind the children's television program Gullah Gullah Island.

Beaufort County, South Carolina
Beaufort County (/ˈbjuːfərt/ BEW-fərt) is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 187,117. Its county seat is Beaufort and its largest community is Hilton Head Island.

Beaufort County is part of the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Port Royal metropolitan statistical area. It is one of the South's fastest-growing counties, primarily because of development south of the Broad River clustered along the U.S. Highway 278 corridor. The county's northern portions also have grown steadily, due in part to the strong federal military presence around the city of Beaufort. The county's two portions are connected by the Broad River Bridge, which carries South Carolina Highway 170. Beaufort County has been identified as the most at-risk county in the contiguous United States for combined damage from climate change in the medium term, largely due to high wet-bulb temperatures, economic and farm crop damages, and sea-level rise.
Requirements management
Requirements management is the process of documenting, analyzing, tracing, prioritizing and agreeing on requirements and then controlling change and communicating to relevant stakeholders. It is a continuous process throughout a project. A requirement is a capability to which a project outcome (product or service) should conform.

Requirement prioritization
Requirement prioritization is used in the Software product management for determining which candidate requirements of a software product should be included in a certain release. Requirements are also prioritized to minimize risk during development so that the most important or high risk requirements are implemented first. Several methods for assessing a prioritization of software requirements exist.
Kappa Virginis
Kappa Virginis (κ Virginis, abbreviated Kappa Vir, κ Vir), officially named Kang /ˈkæŋ/, is a solitary star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.18, which is sufficiently bright to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon stellar parallax measurements, the distance to this star is about 255 light-years.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Ryōzen Shrine
Ryōzen Shrine (霊山神社, Ryōzen Jinja) is a Shinto shrine located on Mount Ryōzen in the former town of Ryozen, within the city of Date, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Its main festivals are held annually on April 22 and October 10.

The shrine was founded in 1881, and enshrines the kami of Kitabatake Chikafusa, Kitabatake Akiie, Kitabatake Akinobu, and Kitabatake Morichika. It is one of the Fifteen Shrines of the Kenmu Restoration.

Mount Ryōzen
Mount Ryōzen (霊山, Ryōzen) is a mountain on the border of Sōma and the former town of Ryōzen, in Date, Fukushima. It is 825 metres (2,707 ft) in height. Along the hiking trail are the sites of what were Ryōzen Temple and Ryōzen Castle. The mountain is listed as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan in a contest sponsored by the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun and Osaka Mainichi Shimbun. It is also a national Place of Scenic Beauty as determined by the Agency for Cultural Affairs in Japan and is noted for its autumn foliage and a National Historic Site of Japan.
French submarine La Sultane (Q177)
La Sultane (Q177) was an Argonaute-class submarine commissioned into service in the French Navy in 1935. She saw service in World War II, first on the side of the Allies from September 1939 to June 1940, then in the forces of Vichy France until November 1942, when she became part of the Free French Naval Forces. She was stricken in 1946.

French sources sometimes refer to the submarine simply as Sultane, either instead of or interchangeably with La Sultane.

Argonaute-class submarine
The Argonaute class were a sub-class of the 600 Series submarines built for the French Navy prior to World War II. There were five vessels in the class, built to a Schneider-Laubeuf design. They were ordered in 1927 and completed by 1935.
Nomans Land (Massachusetts)
Nomans Land (Wampanoag: Cappoaquit; also mapped "No Man's Land," "No Mans Land," or "No Man's island"),  is an uninhabited island 612 acres (248 ha) in size, located in the town of Chilmark, Dukes County, Massachusetts. It is situated about 3 miles (4.8 km) off the southwest corner of the island of Martha's Vineyard.

The island was used by the United States Navy as a practice bombing range from 1943 to 1996. In 1998, the Navy transferred the island to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for use as an unstaffed wildlife refuge, which now forms Nomans Land Island National Wildlife Refuge. Due to safety risks from unexploded ordnance and its value as a wildlife habitat, the island is closed to all public use.

Chilmark, Massachusetts
Chilmark is a town on Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts. The population was 1,212 at the 2020 census. The fishing village of Menemsha is located on the western side of the town along its border with the town of Aquinnah. Chilmark had the highest median home sale price of any town or city in Massachusetts in 2013.
1998 Ellesmere Port and Neston Borough Council election
Elections to Ellesmere Port and Neston Borough Council were held on 7 May 1998.  One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Labour 36

Conservative 5

Ellesmere Port and Neston
53°16′34″N 2°58′08″W﻿ / ﻿53.276°N 2.969°W﻿ / 53.276; -2.969

Ellesmere Port and Neston was, from 1974 to 2009, a local government district with borough status in Cheshire, England. It covered the southern part of the Wirral Peninsula, namely that part which is not included in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral.

The district had a population of about 81,800 (2006 estimate). The main towns were Ellesmere Port and Neston as well as the village of Parkgate. It also included a number of villages such as Great Sutton and Willaston.
Gaussian filter
In electronics and signal processing, mainly in digital signal processing, a Gaussian filter is a filter whose impulse response is a Gaussian function (or an approximation to it, since a true Gaussian response would have infinite impulse response). Gaussian filters have the properties of having no overshoot to a step function input while minimizing the rise and fall time. This behavior is closely connected to the fact that the Gaussian filter has the minimum possible group delay. A Gaussian filter will have the best combination of suppression of high frequencies while also minimizing spatial spread, being the critical point of the uncertainty principle.  These properties are important in areas such as oscilloscopes and digital telecommunication systems.

Mathematically, a Gaussian filter modifies the input signal by convolution with a Gaussian function; this transformation is also known as the Weierstrass transform.

Canny edge detector
The Canny edge detector is an edge detection operator that uses a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in images. It was developed by John F. Canny in 1986. Canny also produced a computational theory of edge detection explaining why the technique works.
Hopen Radio
Hopen Radio is a coast radio station and the only settlement on the island of Hopen in Svalbard, Norway. It is located between Kollerfjellet and Werenskioldfjellet.

The station was established by Germany as part of Operation Zitronella during the Second World War. After the war, it was taken over by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. It has a staff of four people.

On August 28, 1978 an early model Tupolev Tu-16 of the Soviet Air Force crashed on the island. All seven crew were killed in the accident. It was discovered two days later by the four-man Norwegian weather forecasting team. The Soviet Union refused to admit the loss of an aircraft until the bodies of the crew were given to them. Norway transcribed the contents of the flight recorder over the objections of the Soviet government.

Werenskioldfjellet
Werenskioldfjellet is a mountain at Hopen, Svalbard. The mountain is named after Norwegian geologist and Arctic explorer Werner Werenskiold.

The meteorological station Hopen Radio is located between Werenskioldfjellet and Kollerfjellet. In 1978 there was an incident when a Soviet Tupolev Tu-16 aircraft accidentally crashed at the sides of Werenskioldfjellet.
Morgan Fisher
Stephen Morgan Fisher (born 1 January 1950) is an English keyboard player and composer, and is most known as a member of Mott the Hoople in the early 1970s. However, his career has covered a wide range of musical activities, and he is still active in the music industry. In recent years he has expanded into photography.

Hans-Joachim Roedelius
Hans-Joachim Roedelius (born 26 October 1934) is a German electronic musician and composer, known as a co-founder of the influential 'kosmische' groups Cluster and Harmonia. He is notable for his prolific discography, either as a solo artist, as part of a band, or in collaboration with other artists. He has more than 100 releases to his name.
He also performed in the ambient jazz trio Aquarello, and released several solo studio albums.
John E. Braggins
John E. Braggins (9 August 1944 – 1 October 2025) was a New Zealand botanist and bryologist, known for his research into ferns and liverworts. Braggins lectured at the University of Auckland from 1969 until 2000, during which time he supervised and mentored a significant number of New Zealand botanists. During Braggins' career, he took part in the identification of 12 species and one suborder, many of which are endemic New Zealand liverworts.

Libertia cranwelliae
Libertia cranwelliae is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. The plant was first described by Dan Blanchon, Brian Grant Murray and John E. Braggins in 2002, and is native to New Zealand.