hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nishiazai, Shiga
Nishiazai (西浅井町, Nishiazai-chō) was a town located in Ika District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. It is on the northern tip of Lake Biwa.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,735 and a density of 70.62 persons per km2. The total area was 67.05 km2.

On January 1, 2010, Nishiazai, along with the towns of Kohoku and Torahime (both from Higashiazai District), and the towns of Kinomoto, Takatsuki and Yogo (all from Ika District), was merged into the expanded city of Nagahama. Higashiazai District and Ika District were both dissolved as a result of this merger.

Nagahama, Shiga
Nagahama (長浜市, Nagahama-shi) is a city located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 November 2021, the city had an estimated population of 116,043 in 46858 households and a population density of 120 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 680.79 square kilometres (262.85 sq mi).
Dark-class patrol boat
The Dark class, or Admiralty "Type A", were a class of eighteen fast patrol boats that served with the United Kingdom's Royal Navy starting in 1954. All were named with a prefix of 'Dark'. The class could be fitted as either motor gun boats or motor torpedo boats, depending on the type of armament carried. They were the only diesel engined fast patrol boats in the Royal Navy. The class was fitted (along with the Nasty class) with the Napier Deltic two-stroke diesel engine. This was of unique layout, an opposed-piston engine with a triangular layout of three banks, 18 cylinders in total.

Napier Deltic
The Napier Deltic engine is a British opposed-piston valveless, supercharged uniflow scavenged, two-stroke diesel engine used in marine and locomotive applications, designed and produced by D. Napier & Son. Unusually, the cylinders were disposed in a three-bank triangle, with a crankshaft at each corner of the triangle.

Deltic (meaning "in the form of the Greek letter (capital) delta") is used to refer to both the Deltic E.130 opposed-piston, high-speed diesel engine and the locomotives produced by English Electric using these engines, including its demonstrator locomotive named DELTIC and the production version for British Railways, which designated these as the Class 55.

A single, half-sized, turbocharged Deltic power unit also featured in the English Electric-built Type 2 locomotive, designated as the Class 23. Both locomotive and engine became better known as the "Baby Deltic".
Kaalan
Kaalan (Malayalam: കാളൻ [kaːɭan]) is a Keralite dish from South India, made of yoghurt, coconut and a raw fruit nendra kaaya or a tuber like the chena (yam).

It is very thick, which distinguishes it from a similar curry known as pulisseri, and more sour than avial. For the same reason,  kaalan can last longer when stored.  In many preparations, more pepper and/or chillies are added to make the kaalan spicy, in addition to its signature sour taste.

Kaalan is typically served as part of the Sadya.

Sadya
Sadya or oonu (Malayalam: സദ്യ), also spelt sadhya, is a meal of Kerala origin and of importance to all Malayalis, consisting of a variety of traditional vegetarian dishes usually served on a banana leaf as lunch. Sadya is typically served as a traditional feast for Onam and Vishu, along with other special occasions such as birthdays, weddings and temple festivals.
Sollium
Sollium or Sollion (Ancient Greek: Σόλλιον), was a town on the coast of ancient Acarnania, on the Ionian Sea. It was in the neighbourhood of Palaerus, which lay between Leucas and Alyzia. William Martin Leake, however, placed it south of Alyzia, at Stravolimióna (i.e., Port Stravo). Sollium was a Corinthian colony, and as such was taken by the Athenians in the first year of the Peloponnesian War (431 BCE). The Athenians gave both the place and its territory to Palaerus. It is again mentioned in 426 BCE, as the place at which Demosthenes landed when he resolved to invade Aetolia.

Its site is located near the modern Pogonia.

Palairos
Palairos (Greek: Πάλαιρος) is an ancient city and a modern town in Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece. The modern village is also known locally by the name of Zaverda (Ζαβέρδα), in official use till 1928. Since the 2011 local government reform Palairos is part of the municipality Aktio-Vonitsa, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 205.843 km2. The municipal unit was formed as the independent municipality Kekropia in 1994 from the former communities Palairos and Pogonia, and was expanded with the former communities Vatos, Plagia and Peratia as a part of the 1997 Kapodistrias reform. The name of the municipal unit was changed to Palairos in 2004.
Dundonald Cemetery
Dundonald Cemetery is a large cemetery in Dundonald, Northern Ireland. It opened in 1905 as a municipal burial ground. It is a closed cemetery, except for spaces in existing plots. It is located beside Ardcarn, on the Upper Newtownards Road, East Belfast. The site was originally known as Donall’s Fortress, named after a nearby fort.

Dundonald, County Down
Dundonald (from Irish Dún Dónaill, meaning 'Donald's fort') is a large settlement and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies east of Belfast and is a suburb of the city. It is home to Moat Park, the Ulster Hospital, and Dundonald International Ice Bowl.
1998 Lower Saxony state election
The 1998 Lower Saxony state election was held on 1 March 1998 to elect the members of the 14th Landtag of Lower Saxony. The incumbent Social Democratic Party (SPD) government led by Minister-President Gerhard Schröder was returned with an increased majority. Schröder was subsequently re-elected as minister-president.

Schröder took the election as a test run for a potential federal election in September. He said that if the SPD received less than 42 percent of the vote, he would rule out a bid to become the party's chancellor candidate. Achieving 47.9 percent of the vote, he later announced his (successful) candidacy and went on to form the first federal SPD-led government since 1982.

1998 German federal election
A federal election was held in Germany on 27 September 1998 to elect the members of the 14th Bundestag. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) emerged as the largest faction in parliament for the first time since 1972, with its leader Gerhard Schröder becoming chancellor. The Christian Democrats had their worst election result since 1949.
Catascythris
Catascythris is a monotypic moth genus in the family Scythrididae described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1935. Its single species, Catascythris kebirella, described by the same author, is found in Israel, Iran, Oman, Saudi Arabia and Jordan.

Scythrididae
Scythrididae (flower moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The family is sometimes included in the Xyloryctidae as a subfamily Scythridinae, but the Xyloryctidae themselves have sometimes been included in the Oecophoridae as subfamily. Scythrididae adults are smallish to mid-sized moths, which when at rest appear teardrop-shaped.
Digallic acid
Digallic acid is a polyphenolic compound found in Pistacia lentiscus. Digallic acid is also present in the molecule of tannic acid. Digalloyl esters involve either -meta, or -para depside bonds.

Tannase is an enzyme that uses digallate to produce gallic acid. This enzyme can also be used to produce digallic acid from gallotannins.

Gallotannin
A gallotannin is any of a class of molecules belonging to the hydrolysable tannins. Gallotannins are polymers formed when gallic acid, a polyphenol monomer, esterifies and binds with the hydroxyl group of a polyol carbohydrate such as glucose.
Boston Vigilance Committee
The Boston Vigilance Committee (1841–1861) was an abolitionist organization formed in Boston, Massachusetts, to protect escaped slaves from being kidnapped and returned to slavery in the South. The Committee aided hundreds of escapees, most of whom arrived as stowaways on coastal trading vessels and stayed a short time before moving on to Canada or England. Notably, members of the Committee provided legal and other aid to George Latimer, Ellen and William Craft, Shadrach Minkins, Thomas Sims, and Anthony Burns.

Members coordinated with donors and Underground Railroad conductors to provide escapees with funds, shelter, medical attention, legal counsel, transportation, and sometimes weapons. They kept an eye out for slave catchers, and spread the word when any came to town. Some members took part in violent rescue efforts.

Thomas Sims
Thomas Sims was an African American who escaped from slavery in Georgia and fled to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1851. He was arrested the same year under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, had a court hearing, and was forced to return to enslavement. A second escape brought him back to Boston in 1863, where he was later appointed to a position in the U.S. Department of Justice in 1877. Sims was one of the first slaves to be forcibly returned from Boston under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. The failure to stop his case from progressing was a significant blow to the abolitionists, as it showed the extent of the power and influence which slavery had on American society and politics. The case was one of many events leading to the American Civil War.
Nyctaegeria
Nyctaegeria is a monotypic moth genus in the family Sesiidae erected by Ferdinand Le Cerf in 1914. Its only species, Nyctaegeria nobilis, was first described by Herbert Druce in 1910. It exists in Angola and Tanzania.

Sesiidae
The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.

The family consists of 165 genera spread over two subfamilies, containing in total 1525 species and 49 subspecies, most of which occur in the tropics, though there are many species in the Holarctic region as well, including over a hundred species known to occur in Europe.: Backcover, 6
Pivdenmash
The State Enterprise "Production Amalgamation 'Southern Machine-Building Plant named after O.M. Makarov'", officially abbreviated as Pivdenmash (Ukrainian: Південмаш) and previously as Yuzhmash (Russian: Южмаш, lit. 'Southern Mechanical Engineering'), is a Ukrainian state-owned aerospace and defence manufacturer. Prior to 1991, it was a Soviet state-owned factory.

Pivdenmash produces spacecraft, launch vehicles (rockets), liquid-propellant rockets, landing gears, castings, forgings, tractors, tools, and industrial products. The company is headquartered in Dnipro, and reports to the State Space Agency of Ukraine. It works with international aerospace partners in 23 countries.

Kyiv (trolleybus model)
Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ), previously known as KTB (Ukrainian: КТБ) for Kyivan Trolleybus (Ukrainian: Київський тролейбус), is a Soviet and Ukrainian trolleybus model originally designed by Kyiv Electric Transport Plant.
Rock It (Little Red song)
"Rock It" is a song by Australian rock band Little Red and is the fourth track on their 2010 album, Midnight Remember. The song was released as the first single from the Midnight Remember album on 4 June 2010 by Liberation Music in Australia and New Zealand. The song was certified Platinum and later placed at number 2 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 2010. The song was used during the opening montage of the "Hope for the Hopeless" episode of Grey's Anatomy (series 8, episode 12).

At the AIR Awards of 2010, the song won Best Independent Single/EP.

At the EG Awards of 2010, the band won Best New Talent with "Rock It".

It was used as background music for Brisbane City Councils Public Transport 2019 advertisement.

In 2023, Vance Joy sang a cover of the song for the 50th anniversary of Mushroom Group.

Midnight Remember
Midnight Remember is the second and final studio album by Australian rock band Little Red, released in Australia and New Zealand through Liberation Music on 10 September 2010. Midnight Remember debuted and peaked at number 5 on the Australian album charts and remained in the charts for 12 weeks where it was certified Gold, mostly due to the success of the highly successful single "Rock It", which was accredited with Platinum status.

The album produced three singles. The most successful, "Rock It", reached number 19 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was voted into second place in the Triple J Hottest 100 for 2010.
Pangkor Treaty of 1874
The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was a treaty signed between Great Britain and the Sultan of Perak on 20 January 1874, on the Colonial Steamer Pluto, off the coast of Perak. The treaty is significant in the history of the Malay states as it legitimised British control of the Malay rulers and paved the way for British imperialism in Malaya. It was the result of a multi-day conference organised by Andrew Clarke, the Governor of the Straits Settlements, to solve two problems: the Larut War, and Sultanship in Perak.

Frank Swettenham
Sir Frank Athelstane Swettenham GCMG CH (28 March 1850 – 11 June 1946) was a British colonial administrator who became the first Resident general of the Federated Malay States, which brought the Malay states of Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang together under the administration of a Resident-General based in Kuala Lumpur. He served from 1 July 1896 to 4 November 1901. He was also an amateur painter, photographer and antique collector.
Senden
The town of Senden (German pronunciation: [ˈzɛndn̩] ⓘ) is the second-largest town of the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria and is located at the border to Baden-Württemberg. The town belongs to the Donau-Iller-Nahverkehrsverbund. Senden's neighbours are Neu-Ulm in the north, Weißenhorn in the east, Vöhringen in the south and Illerkirchberg in the west.

Vöhringen, Bavaria
Vöhringen (German pronunciation: [ˈføːʁɪŋən] ⓘ; Swabian: Vehrenge) is a town in the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the Iller, approximately 18 km south of Ulm and 40 km north of Memmingen. It is in the Donau-Iller Region in Central Swabia (part of Upper Swabia).
Heinrich Wilhelm von Werther
Heinrich August Alexander Wilhelm von Werther (born 7 August 1772 in Königsberg; died 7 December 1859 in Berlin) was a Prussian diplomat and Foreign Minister from 1837 to 1841. His son, Karl von Werther, was also a prominent Prussian diplomat.

Karl von Werther
Baron Karl Anton Philipp von Werther (31 January 1809 – 8 February 1894) was a German diplomat. A royal Prussian Privy Councilor and Envoy, later to the North German Confederation and the German Empire, serving in Switzerland, Greece, Denmark, Russia, Austria, France and the Ottoman Empire.
2cDM model of dark matter
The 2cDM model, or two-component dark matter model, is a type of beyond-the-standard-model (BSM) theory that proposes the existence of two different types of dark matter components in cosmology. Unlike the standard cold dark matter (CDM) model, which assumes a single type of dark matter particle, a 2cDM model suggests that dark matter may consist of two distinct particle species, each with its own properties and interactions.

Multi-component models like 2cDM may help solve known problems in cosmology on a small scale, including the problems and structure of dark matter.

However, similar to other BSM theories, the 2cDM model require precise tuning of parameters to match observations. While less severe than the hierarchy problem, this fine-tuning raises questions about their naturalness.

Cold dark matter
In cosmology and physics, cold dark matter (CDM) is a hypothetical type of dark matter. According to the current standard model of cosmology, the Lambda-CDM model, approximately 27% of the universe is dark matter and 68% is dark energy, with only a small fraction being the ordinary baryonic matter that composes stars, planets, and living organisms. Cold refers to the dark matter moving slowly compared to the speed of light, giving it a vanishing equation of state. Dark indicates that it interacts very weakly with ordinary matter and electromagnetic radiation.  Proposed candidates for CDM include weakly interacting massive particles, primordial black holes, and axions, as well as most flavors of neutrinos.
C.D. Platense Municipal Zacatecoluca
Club Deportivo Platense Municipal Zacatecoluca, usually abbreviated to just Platense, is a Salvadoran football club based in Zacatecoluca, the departmental capital city of La Paz Province, they currently play in the Primera División. The club play their home games at the Estadio Panorámico de Zacatecoluca, which has a capacity of 10,000

Segunda División de El Salvador
The Segunda División de El Salvador (Second Division of El Salvador) is the second tier of football in El Salvador governed by the Federación Salvadoreña de Fútbol (FESFUT). Teams contest to promote to the Primera División.

The winning sides of the annual Apertura and Clausura contest each other, the winner directly promotes to Primera División.

The losing side of the match contest the last place team of Primera División to trigger promotion and relegation should the Primera División team lose to the Segunda División side.
Arosa
Arosa is a town and a municipality in the Plessur Region in the canton of the Grisons in Switzerland. It is both a summer and a winter tourist resort.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, Lüen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.

At the end of 2013 the Arosa ski resort was linked with Lenzerheide by cable-car, creating the new ski resort of Arosa Lenzerheide; since that change, transport passes have been valid in both resorts.

The official language of Arosa is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

The resort is known throughout Switzerland for its famous ice hockey team, the EHC Arosa which used to be one of the most successful teams in the country.

Langwies
Langwies is a former municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Langwies, Calfreisen, Castiel, Lüen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.
2009 Fed Cup World Group II
The World Group II was the second highest level of Fed Cup competition in 2009. Winning nations advanced to the World Group play-offs, and the losing nations were demoted to the World Group II play-offs.

2009 Fed Cup World Group play-offs
The World Group play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group first round and the winning nations of the World Group II. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2010 World Group, while losing nations joined the 2010 World Group II.
Oparinskaya narrow-gauge railway
59°50′38″N 48°18′01″E﻿ / ﻿59.84388°N 48.30036°E﻿ / 59.84388; 48.30036
The Oparinskaya narrow-gauge railway is a narrow-gauge railway in Kirov Oblast, Russia, built as an industrial railway (forest railway) for logging operations. The forest railway was opened in 1952, has a total length of 76 kilometres (47 mi) and is operational as of 2016, the track gauge is 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) and operates year-round.

Forest railway
A forest railway, forest tram, timber line, logging railway or logging railroad is a mode of railway transport which is used for forestry tasks, primarily the transportation of felled logs to sawmills or railway stations.

In most cases this form of transport utilised narrow gauges, and were temporary in nature, and in rough and sometimes difficult to access terrain.
Songjiang Xincheng station
Songjiang Xincheng (Chinese: 松江新城; pinyin: Sōngjiāng Xīnchéng) is a station of Shanghai Metro Line 9. It began operation on December 29, 2007. It served as the terminus of the line until the extension to Songjiang South Railway Station opened on December 30, 2012.

Line 9 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 9 is a southwest-northeast line of the Shanghai Metro network. The line runs from Shanghai Songjiang Railway Station in Songjiang District to Caolu in Pudong. The line is colored light blue on system maps.
WordBASIC
WordBASIC was a subset of Microsoft QuickBASIC customized for word-processing in Microsoft Word. It was replaced by  Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) when Word 97 was released. Contrarily to VBA, WordBasic was not object-oriented but consisted of a flat list of approximately 900 commands.

Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word is a word processing program developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, 1983, under the original name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems. Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (1985), AT&T UNIX PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1990), Handheld PC (1996), Pocket PC (2000), macOS (2001), Web browsers (2010), iOS (2014), and Android (2015).

Microsoft Word has been the de facto standard word processing software since the 1990s when it eclipsed WordPerfect. Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office, which can be purchased with a perpetual license, as part of the Microsoft 365 suite as a subscription, or as a one-time purchase with Office 2024.
Thakur Mahadeo Singh
Major General Thakur Mahadeo Singh, DSO (9 November 1907 – 8 July 1963) was an Indian military officer who was the first Indian Commandant of the Indian Military Academy and the first Commandant of the Joint Services Wing, the precursor to the National Defence Academy.

Commandant of the Indian Military Academy
The Commandant of the Indian Military Academy is a post created in 1932 for the purpose of leading the Indian Military Academy in its education of "gentleman cadets". The Commandant must hold a rank of lieutenant general (three star equivalent) or above. There is no minimum nor maximum term of service in this position though in practice commandants have served anywhere from a few months to 4 years in the position.
Pamela Balch
Pamela Balch is the 18th president of West Virginia Wesleyan College in Buckhannon, West Virginia. Balch is a 1971 graduate of West Virginia Wesleyan College, and was the unanimous choice as the eighteenth president of the college by the board of trustees.

Balch has spent 28 years in higher education and came to Wesleyan after serving as president of Mayville State University, North Dakota. Prior to Mayville, the Uniontown, Pennsylvania, native was the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Dean of the Faculty at Bethany College in West Virginia, Vice Provost for Academic Planning at California State University, Chico, and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at San Diego State University, Imperial Valley Campus.

She served as the director of Wesleyan's graduate programs in education from 1985 to 1988 and was a member of the education faculty at the college from 1978 to 1988. Her professional career began as a public school teacher in West Virginia.

West Virginia Wesleyan College
West Virginia Wesleyan College is a private college in Buckhannon, West Virginia, United States. It has an enrollment of about 1,055 students from 35 U.S. states and 26 countries. The school was founded in 1890 by the West Virginia Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church and is currently affiliated with the United Methodist Church. West Virginia Wesleyan College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.