hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lacy Park
Lacy Park is a public park located in the city of San Marino, California. It is located in the San Rafael Hills, at 1485 Virginia Road. The park features large trees, open grass space, a rose garden, walking loops, tennis courts, as well as other amenities and areas. The main entrance is on Virginia Road, but access is available on St Albans Road (weekdays only). Non-residents of San Marino are charged a $5 fee on weekends. The weekend fees are then used for park maintenance.

The park is named after San Marino's former mayor, Richard H. Lacy.

San Marino, California
San Marino is an affluent city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It was incorporated on April 25, 1913. At the 2020 United States census the population was 12,513, a decline from the 2010 United States census.
Reductionism
Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of simpler or more fundamental phenomena. It is also described as an intellectual and philosophical position that interprets a complex system as the sum of its parts, contrary to holism. Reductionism tends to focus on the small, predictable details of a system and is often associated with various philosophies like emergence, materialism, and determinism.

Holism
Holism is the interdisciplinary idea that systems possess properties as wholes apart from the properties of their component parts.
The aphorism "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts", typically attributed to Aristotle, is often given as a summary of this proposal. The concept of holism can inform the methodology for a broad array of scientific fields and lifestyle practices. When applications of holism are said to reveal properties of a whole system beyond those of its parts, these qualities are referred to as emergent properties of that system. Holism in all contexts is often placed in opposition to reductionism, a dominant notion in the philosophy of science that systems containing parts contain no unique properties beyond those parts. Proponents of holism consider the search for emergent properties within systems to be demonstrative of their perspective.
British Handball
The British Handball Association is the governing body of handball in Britain. It has been a member of the International Handball Federation (IHF) since 1970 and of the European Handball Federation (EHF) (for IHF matters). Other representation at European level is under different national associations: the England Handball Association and the Scottish Handball Association. This dual structure, which is shared by several others sports, reflects the conflict between the desire of the home nations to organise the sport separately, and the need to have an overall body for international purposes, such as the Olympics.

Scottish Handball Association
The Scottish Handball Association is the governing body for non-International Handball Federation related matters of team handball in Scotland while the British Handball Association has governance over matters relating to the International Handball Federation. The SHA is a member of the European Handball Federation (EHF) and the Commonwealth Handball Association (CHA).
Paint the Town
Paint the Town is the third studio album by American country music band Highway 101. The last of their albums featuring Paulette Carlson as lead vocalist, it included the Billboard Country #1 "Who's Lonely Now," the #4 "Walkin', Talkin', Cryin', Barely Beatin' Broken Heart," and the #11 "This Side of Goodbye." Also included on the album is a cover of James Taylor's "Sweet Baby James". "Rough and Tumble Heart" was later recorded by Pam Tillis on her 1992 album Homeward Looking Angel.

Homeward Looking Angel
Homeward Looking Angel is the third studio album by American country music artist Pam Tillis. The album was a No. 23 album on the Billboard charts. This album produced four singles for Tillis on the Hot Country Songs charts: the Top Five hits "Shake the Sugar Tree" (No. 3) and "Let That Pony Run" (No. 4), as well as the Top 20 hits "Cleopatra, Queen of Denial" (No. 11) and "Do You Know Where Your Man Is" (No. 16). The demo tape of "Shake the Sugar Tree", sung by Stephanie Bentley, was incorporated into Tillis's recording.

"We've Tried Everything Else" was also recorded by Canadian country artist Michelle Wright on her 1994 album The Reasons Why, while "Rough and Tumble Heart" was previously recorded by Highway 101 on their 1989 album Paint the Town. The album has been certified Platinum for shipments of over 1,000,000 copies in the U.S.
Guard-band clipping
Guard band clipping is a technique used by digital rendering hardware and software designed to minimize the amount of clipping performed. Instead of clipping polygons that extend out of the viewport, polygons are only clipped if they extend past a guard band. Clipping is still needed to prevent integer overflow in the rasterizer. The guard band is typically designed to be several orders of magnitude greater than the screen resolution, as clipping is an exception that creates a pipeline bubble and creates additional triangles to be processed.

Clipping (computer graphics)
Clipping, in the context of computer graphics, is a method to selectively enable or disable rendering operations within a defined region of interest. Mathematically, clipping can be described using the terminology of constructive geometry. A rendering algorithm only draws pixels in the intersection between the clip region and the scene model. Lines and surfaces outside the view volume (aka. frustum) are removed.

Clip regions are commonly specified to improve render performance. A well-chosen clip allows the renderer to save time and energy by skipping calculations related to pixels that the user cannot see. Pixels that will be drawn are said to be within the clip region. Pixels that will not be drawn are outside the clip region. More informally, pixels that will not be drawn are said to be "clipped."
Kamisese Mara
Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE (6 May 1920 – 18 April 2004) was a Fijian politician who served as Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, as the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992. He subsequently served as president from 1993 to 2000.

Great Council of Chiefs
The Great Council of Chiefs (Fijian: Bose Levu Vakaturaga) is a Fijian constitutional body. It previously existed from 1876 to March 2012 and was restored in May 2023.

It is different from the House of Chiefs, a larger body that includes all hereditary chiefs, although membership of the two bodies overlapped to a considerable extent. The Great Council of Chiefs in its most recent form was established under Section 116 of the now-defunct 1997 Constitution, but it actually predated the Constitution by many years, having been established by the British colonial rulers as an advisory body in 1876, two years after Fiji was ceded to the United Kingdom.

The current chairperson is Ratu Viliame Seruvakula.
Julien Nitzberg
Julien Nitzberg (born 1965) is an American screenwriter, stage writer, lyricist, theater director and film director, best known in the film world as the director of the documentary The Wild and Wonderful Whites of West Virginia. In the theater world, Nitzberg is best known for writing the book and lyrics for two musicals. His first musical was "The Beastly Bombing or A Terrible Tale of Terrorists Tamed by the Tangles of True Love."  Nitzberg wrote the book and lyrics and directed this musical in Los Angeles and New York. The Beastly Bombing won the LA Weekly Theater Award for Best Musical of the Year. His second musical was "For the Love of a Glove: An Unauthorized Musical Fable About the Life of Michael Jackson As Told By His Glove."

Jesco White
Jesco White, also known as the "Dancing Outlaw" (born July 30, 1956) is an American folk dancer and entertainer. He is best known as the subject of three American documentary films that detail his desire to follow in the footsteps of his famous father, D. Ray White, while dealing with depression, drug addiction, alcoholism,  and the poverty that affects some parts of rural Appalachia.
American High School (California)
American High School (AHS) is a public secondary school located in Fremont, California, United States. It is one of five public high schools within the Fremont Unified School District. The school receives its students through the American High School attendance area boundary set by the district.  It was a California Distinguished School from 2005 to 2009 and a California Gold Ribbon School from 2017 to 2019. It was recognized as a California Distinguished School once again in 2019. Most of the school body is Asian, with a significant South and East Asian population.

Fremont Unified School District
Fremont Unified School District (FUSD) is a primary and secondary education school district located in Fremont, California, United States.

It serves the entire city limits of Fremont.

The district has 29 elementary school campuses, five middle school campuses, five high school campuses, and a continuation high school and alternative school on a shared campus.
Villanova University
Villanova University is a private Catholic research university in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by the Order of Saint Augustine in 1842 and named after Saint Thomas of Villanova. The university is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and one of two Augustinian institutions of higher learning in the United States (the other being Merrimack College).

The university traces its roots to the old Saint Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars of the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which was established in 1811. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

William J. Fallon
William Joseph Fallon (born 30 December 1944) is a retired United States Navy four-star admiral who retired after serving for over 41 years. His last military assignment was as Commander, U.S. Central Command from March 2007 to March 2008. ADM Fallon was the first Navy officer to hold that position. His other four-star assignments include  Commander, U.S. Pacific Command from February 2005 to March 2007, Commander, U.S. Fleet Forces Command from October 2003 to February 2005, and 31st vice chief of Naval Operations from October 2000 to August 2003. On 11 March 2008, he announced his resignation from CENTCOM and retirement from active duty, citing administrative complications caused in part by an article in Esquire Magazine, which described him as the only thing standing between the Bush Administration and war with Iran.
Ebbinghof
Ebbinghof is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the district Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The village has 23 inhabitants and lies in the north of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 420 m. Ebbinghof borders on the villages of Altenhof, Bad Fredeburg, Berghausen, Gleidorf, Obringhausen, Schmallenberg and Wormbach.

The village used to belong to the municipality of Wormbach in Amt Schmallenberg until the end of 1974.

Schmallenberg
Schmallenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃmalənbɛʁk] ⓘ; Westphalian: Smalmereg) is a town and a climatic health resort in the High Sauerland District, Germany. By area, it is the third biggest of all cities and towns of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the second biggest of the region of Westphalia.

With small Schmallenberg central town and the rural Bad Fredeburg Kneipp health resort the town has two urban settlements. Additionally, 82 villages and hamlets belong to the town's territory. Also being called “the Schmallenberg Sauerland”, the Town of Schmallenberg is famous for its total of five health resorts and nine villages which have been awarded gold for their beauty in the nationwide “Our village has a future” contest.
Statue of Philip Kearny
Philip Kearny  is an 1888 bronze sculpture of Philip Kearny by Henry Kirke Brown, installed in the United States Capitol, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection.  It is one of two statues donated by the state of New Jersey.

National Statuary Hall Collection
The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, which was then renamed National Statuary Hall. The expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol and its visitor center.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is complete with 100 statues contributed by 50 states, plus two from the District of Columbia (see Statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection). Since Congress authorized replacements in 2000, fourteen states have replaced at least one of their original two statues. In 2022, Kansas became the first state to replace both of its statues; it has been joined by Arkansas and Nebraska.
Variable-star designation
In astronomy, a variable-star designation is a unique identifier given to variable stars.  It extends the Bayer designation format, with an identifying label (as described below) preceding the Latin genitive of the name of the constellation in which the star lies. The identifying label can be one or two Latin letters or a V plus a number (e.g. V399). Examples are R Coronae Borealis, YZ Ceti, V603 Aquilae. (See List of constellations for a list of constellations and the genitive forms of their names.)

YZ Ceti
YZ Ceti is a red dwarf star in the constellation Cetus. Although it is relatively close to the Sun at just 12 light years, this star cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is classified as a flare star that undergoes intermittent fluctuations in luminosity. YZ Ceti is about 13 percent the mass of the Sun and 17% of its radius.

This star is unusually close to Tau Ceti, a star of spectral class G8. The two are only about 1.6 light years apart, a little more than a third of the distance from the Sun to the Solar System's nearest neighbor, Proxima Centauri.
Latvian Civil Aviation Agency
The Latvian Civil Aviation Agency (CAA, Latvian: Civilās aviācijas aģentūra) is the civil aviation authority of Latvia. Its head office is in Riga Airport in Mārupe municipality, near the capital, Riga.

It is subordinate to the Aviation Department of the Ministry of Transport.

Under Order No. 22, the Latvia Civil Aviation Administration (Latvian: Latvijas Civilās aviācijas administrācija) was established on 1 October 1993. On 1 January 2006 the agency was reformed into the current Civil Aviation Agency.

Ministry of Transport (Latvia)
The Ministry of Transport (Latvian: Latvijas Republikas Satiksmes ministrija) is a ministry of Latvia which is responsible for implementing state policy in the fields of transport and communications. Its head office is in Riga. As of March 6 2025, Atis Švinka is the minister.
Peziza fimeti
Peziza fimeti is a species of ascomycete fungus belonging to the family Pezizaceae. Found in Europe and North America, the fungus grows on cow dung. It produces small, light brown, cup-shaped fruit bodies up to 2 cm (0.8 in) in diameter. The asci (spore-producing cells) are cylindrical (or nearly so), with dimensions of up to 280 μm long and 18 μm in diameter. The spores are ellipsoid and measure 8 by 16 μm.

Pezizaceae
The Pezizaceae (commonly referred to as cup fungi)  are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota which produce mushrooms that tend to grow in the shape of a "cup".  Spores are formed on the inner surface of the fruit body (ascoma). The cup shape typically serves to focus raindrops into splashing spores out of the cup.  Additionally, the curvature enables wind currents to blow the spores out in a different manner than in most agarics and boletes.

Cup fungi grow in peculiar shapes, frequently resembling cups or saucers. For example, the orange peel fungus (Aleuria aurantia) resembles a discarded orange rind. According to one 2008 estimate, the family contains 31 genera and 230 species.
Inzago
Inzago (Italian: [inˈdzaːɡo]; Lombard: Inzagh or Inzaa [ĩˈsaː(k)]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Milan.

Inzago borders the following municipalities: Pozzo d'Adda, Masate, Gessate, Cassano d'Adda, Bellinzago Lombardo, Pozzuolo Martesana.

The brothers Luca, Disma, Adolfo, and Polibio Fumagalli were all born in Inzago. All were composers; Adolfo, Luca, and Disma were pianists, and Polibio was an organist.  Also born in Inzago were the supercentenarian Maria Redaelli, the architect Giuseppe Boretti, the Venerable Benigno Calvi, and the cyclist Gabriele Missaglia.

Pozzuolo Martesana
Pozzuolo Martesana (Lombard: Pozzoeu or Pozzoeul [puˈsøː(l)]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Milan.

It has a population of around 7,000 inhabitants. The town is notable for hosting a production facility of the multinational company Ferrero. The factory was established in Pozzuolo Martesana due to the historical presence of abundant underground sources of pure water.

Pozzuolo Martesana borders the following municipalities: Inzago, Cassano d'Adda, Gorgonzola, Bellinzago Lombardo, Melzo, Truccazzano.

Pozzuolo Martesana is served by Pozzuolo Martesana railway station, the village of Trecella by Trecella railway station.
Central Security Service
The Central Security Service (CSS) is a combat support agency of the United States Department of Defense which was established in 1972 to integrate the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Service Cryptologic Components (SCC) of the United States Armed Forces in the field of signals intelligence, cryptology, and information assurance at the tactical level. In 2002, the CSS had approximately 25,000 uniformed members. It is part of the United States Intelligence Community.

United States Army Intelligence and Security Command
The United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) is a direct reporting unit that conducts intelligence, security, and information operations for United States Army commanders, partners in the Intelligence Community, and national decision-makers. INSCOM is headquartered at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.

INSCOM contributes units to the National Security Agency (NSA), the United States' unified signals intelligence (SIGINT) organization. Within the NSA, INSCOM and its counterparts in the Navy, Air Force, Space Force, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps comprise the Central Security Service. INSCOM's budget has been estimated to be approximately $6 billion.

As a direct reporting unit, INSCOM reports directly to the chief of staff of the Army.
Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
The prime minister of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Baş naziri) is the head of government of Azerbaijan.  The current prime minister is Ali Asadov on 8 October 2019 following the removal of Novruz Mammadov.

Due to the central role of the president in the political system, the activities of the executive branch (including the prime minister) are significantly influenced by the head of state (for example, it is the president who appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister and other members of the Government; the president may chair the meetings of the cabinet and give obligatory orders to the prime minister and other members of the Government, the president may also revoke any act of the Government).

Ali Asadov
Ali Hidayat oghlu Asadov (Azerbaijani: Əli Hidayət oğlu Əsədov; born 30 November 1956) is an Azerbaijani politician serving as the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan following his appointment to the post on 8 October 2019 by president Ilham Aliyev.
Shem Mishmuel
Shem Mishmuel (Hebrew: שם משמואל) is a nine-volume collection of homiletical teachings on the Torah and Jewish holidays delivered by Rabbi Shmuel Bornsztain, the second Sochatchover Rebbe, between the years 1910–1926. A major work in Hasidic thought, it synthesizes the Hasidism of Pshischa and Kotzk in the style of Sochatchov, and is frequently cited in Torah shiurim (lectures) and articles.

Bornsztain became known as the Shem Mishmuel after the title of this work, which was published posthumously.

Sochatchov (Hasidic dynasty)
Sochatchov (Yiddish: סאכאטשאוו) is a Hasidic dynasty originating from the town of Sochaczew, Poland, where it was founded by Avrohom Bornsztain (1838–1910). Sochatchov is a branch of Kotzk Hasidism, which in part is a branch of Peshischa Hasidism. After World War I the dynasty was moved to Łódź and, subsequently, to other nearby towns. After World War II the dynasty was transplanted to Israel, where it thrives to this day.
Lucy Simon
Lucy Elizabeth Simon (May 5, 1940 – October 20, 2022) was an American singer and composer for the theatre and of popular songs. She recorded and performed as a singer and songwriter, and was known for the musicals The Secret Garden (1991) and Doctor Zhivago (2011).

In 1963, Simon began performing with her sister Carly Simon as the Simon Sisters. The duo released three albums, beginning with Meet the Simon Sisters, which featured the song "Winkin', Blinkin' and Nod"; based on the poem by Eugene Field, the song became a minor hit and reached No. 73 on the Billboard Hot 100. Simon won a Grammy Award in 1981 with her husband, David Levine, in the Best Recording for Children category for In Harmony, and again in 1983 in the same category for In Harmony 2. Simon received Tony Award and Drama Desk Award nominations for composing the music for the Broadway musical The Secret Garden.

The Simon Sisters Sing the Lobster Quadrille and Other Songs for Children
The Simon Sisters Sing The Lobster Quadrille and Other Songs for Children is the third and final studio album by the Simon Sisters, released by Columbia Records, in 1969.

The album features musical settings of classic children's poetry.
Jewish Community of Stommeln
Jewish community of Stommeln refers to the historical Jewish community in today's Pulheim district of Stommeln (Rhein-Erft District, North Rhine-Westphalia). Its presence is already documented in the Middle Ages, was violently interrupted during the Black Death pogroms in 1349, and was re-established from the early 18th century. In the 19th century the community reached its numerical peak; in the 20th century it declined sharply and effectively ceased to exist around 1930. The last Jewish residents remaining in Stommeln were deported in 1942. The Stommeln Synagogue and the Jewish cemetery on Nagelschmiedstraße have been preserved; both now serve as places of remembrance and learning.

Jewish cemetery (Stommeln)
The Stommeln Jewish Cemetery is a Jewish cemetery in Stommeln, a district of Pulheim in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, established before 1862. The cemetery served the Jewish Community of Stommeln. It is located on Nagelschmiedstraße.