hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolai Trubetzkoy
Prince Nikolai Sergeyevich Trubetzkoy (Russian: Николай Сергеевич Трубецкой [nʲɪkɐˈlaj sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ trʊbʲɪtsˈkoj]; 16 April 1890 – 25 June 1938) was a Russian linguist and historian whose teachings formed a nucleus of the Prague School of structural linguistics. He is widely considered to be the founder of morphophonology. He was also associated with the Russian Eurasianists.

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
Dan Frawley (ice hockey)
William Daniel Frawley (born June 2, 1962) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. During his junior hockey years, Frawley played for the Sudbury Wolves of the OHA and the Cornwall Royals of the QMJHL, before being drafted by the Chicago Black Hawks, 204th overall in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. Frawley spent most of the next two years playing in the AHL. While playing with the Cornwall Royals, the team won the 1981 Memorial Cup against the Kitchener Rangers.

Cornwall Royals
The Cornwall Royals were a junior ice hockey team based in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada. The team played in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League from 1969 to 1981, and the Ontario Hockey League from 1981 to 1992. This team shared its name with other Cornwall Royals teams that played in the QSHL, MMJHL, or OHA-B.
Palau Municipal d'Esports de Badalona
Palau Municipal d'Esports de Badalona (also known as the Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona) is an arena in the Gorg neighborhood of Badalona, Catalonia, Spain. The arena holds 12,760 people, and it is primarily used for basketball. It is also used as the venue for music concerts and other municipal events.

It is also the home arena of Joventut de Badalona, one of the most successful professional basketball teams in Spain. Before the Pavelló Olímpic was built, the 3,300-seat Pavelló Club Joventut Badalona hosted the city basketball games and most of the other indoor sports.

Joventut Badalona
Club Joventut Badalona, S.A.D. (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈklub ʒuβənˈtud bəðəˈlonə]) is a Spanish professional basketball club based in Badalona, Catalonia, Spain, playing in the Liga ACB and the EuroCup. Known to their fans as La Penya (in English, The Club), it is one of only two teams that have never been relegated from the top division of the Spanish League. The only other is Real Madrid. In 1994, Joventut Badalona became champion of the FIBA European League (today known as the EuroLeague), the first Catalan basketball club to accomplish such a grandiose achievement and the first Spanish team to do so in the modern era Final Four format.

Well-known players have included the Margall brothers (with Josep Maria Margall), Zoran Slavnić, Jordi Villacampa, Rafael Jofresa, Corny Thompson, Mike Smith, Reggie Johnson, Harold Pressley, Tanoka Beard, Andre Turner, Raül López, Rudy Fernández, Ricky Rubio, Pau Ribas, Demond Mallet, Nicolás Laprovittola, Joel Parra, Andrés Feliz and Ante Tomic.
Baierbrunn
Baierbrunn (pronounced [ˈbaɪɐbʁʊn]) is a municipality in the district of Munich in the south-German state Bavaria. It is located between Schäftlarn and Pullach on the Bundesstraße 11 and consists of the two villages Baierbrunn and Buchenhain. Baierbrunn has a stop on the S7 of the Munich S-Bahn.

Pullach
Pullach, officially Pullach i. Isartal (German pronunciation: [ˈpʊlax ʔɪm ˈiːzaʁˌtaːl] ⓘ, lit. 'Pullach in the Isar Valley'), is a municipality in the district of Munich in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the Isar Valley Railway and is served by the S 7 line of the Munich S-Bahn, at the Großhesselohe Isartalbahnhof, Pullach and Höllriegelskreuth railway stations.

The  headquarters of the intelligence agency of the German government, the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), was located in Pullach from 1956 until  the agency moved to Berlin. The new headquarters in Berlin, completed in 2017, opened officially in February 2019. Until the move to Berlin, "Pullach" was a metonym for "the BND"
just as "Langley" is for "the CIA" in the United States.
Doneyloop
Doneyloop (Irish: Dún na Lúb, meaning 'fort of the river bend'), sometimes spelt Dunnyloop or Dunnaloob, is a townland and hamlet near Castlefin in the Finn Valley of east County Donegal in Ireland. It is located on the Urney Road in the civil parish of Urney. The village of Clady, County Tyrone, in Northern Ireland, is nearby. Dunnaloob townland is in the electoral division of Urney West.

Castlefin
Castlefin (Irish: Caisleán na Finne, meaning 'castle of the (river) Finn'), sometimes spelt Castlefinn, is a market town and townland in the Finn Valley of County Donegal, Ireland. It is located between Stranorlar and Lifford in East Donegal. As of 2022, the population was 730. The River Finn flows by the town. The town is located in along the main N15 national primary road, which runs from Bundoran to Lifford. The town lies 6 miles from Lifford and 8 miles from the twin towns of Ballybofey and Stranorlar. It has close links to Letterkenny, to the twin towns of Ballybofey and Stranorlar, and to West Tyrone in Northern Ireland, especially with the towns of Strabane and Castlederg.
Novaci Municipality
Novaci (Macedonian: Новациⓘ) is a municipality in the southern part of North Macedonia. Novaci is also the name of the village where the municipal seat is found. Novaci Municipality is a part of the Pelagonia Statistical Region. Located in the municipality is North Macedonia's key energy company REK Bitola.

Pelagonia Statistical Region
The Pelagonia Statistical Region (Macedonian: Пелагониски Регион, romanized: Pelagoniski Region) is one of eight statistical regions of North Macedonia. It is located in southwestern part of the country along the eponymous plain, bordering Greece to the south and Albania to the west. Internally, it borders the Southwestern and Vardar statistical regions.
Ongkharak district
Ongkharak (Thai: องครักษ์, pronounced [ʔōŋ.kʰā.rák]) is a district (amphoe) in the western part of Nakhon Nayok province, central Thailand.

Once King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) visited Mueang Nakhon Nayok. When he and his company arrived in the area of Ongkharak District, one of the royal guard fell ill and died. The king ordered a shrine built to commemorate his servant. Ongkharak means 'royal guard'.

Rangsit Canal
The Rangsit Canal (Thai: คลองรังสิต; RTGS: khlong rangsit), is a canal in the eastern part of the Chao Phraya valley, central Thailand. The name of the canal was given by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in honour of his son, Rangsit, Prince of Chai Nat.
Arnold Adams
Arnold Adams (born July 9, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist and bare-knuckle boxer. He currently competes in the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship, where he is the inaugural and a two-time BKFC Heavyweight Champion. As of April 4, 2025, he is tied at #4 in the BKFC men's pound-for-pound rankings.

2021 in Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship
The year 2021 was the fourth year in the history of the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship, a bare-knuckle fighting promotion based in Philadelphia. The year consisted of 13 events, including an inaugural Fight Night event alongside nine title fights. The promotion also saw the inception of the new Cruiserweight division and its inaugural title fight at BKFC 18.
Paderno Dugnano
Paderno Dugnano (Milanese: Paderna Dugnan [paˈdɛrna dyˈɲãː]) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in Lombardy, northern Italy.  It is bounded by comuni of Senago, Limbiate, Varedo, Cusano Milanino, Cormano, Nova Milanese, Bollate, Novate Milanese, Cinisello Balsamo. Paderno Dugnano is about 15 kilometers from the center of Milan.

Following the unification of Italy in 1861, a reorganization of the internal subdivisions of the country ensued. By decree of 17 March 1869, the comuni of Paderno, Dugnano, Incirano, Cassina Amata, and Palazzolo Milanese were fused into a new comune called Paderno Milanese.

Other names for the comune were proposed (including Padergnano and Borgosole) through the 1880s.
By decree of 1 February 1886, the comune's name was formally changed to the current name of Paderno Dugnano.

Paderno Dugnano received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 25 September 1989.

Varedo
Varedo (Milanese: Varee) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Monza and Brianza, in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Milan.

Varedo borders the following municipalities: Desio, Bovisio-Masciago, Limbiate, Nova Milanese, Paderno Dugnano.
Baudin expedition to Australia
The Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1803 was a French expedition to map the coast of New Holland (now Australia). Nicolas Baudin was selected as leader in October 1800. The expedition started with two ships, Géographe, captained by Baudin, and Naturaliste captained by Jacques Hamelin, and was accompanied by nine zoologists and botanists, including Jean-Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour, François Péron and Charles-Alexandre Lesueur as well as the geographer Pierre Faure.

French corvette Naturaliste
Naturaliste (French pronunciation: [natyʁalist]) was one of the two-vessel Salamandre-class of galiotes à bombes of the French Navy. Under Jacques Hamelin, and together with Géographe she took part in the exploration of Australia of Nicolas Baudin.
Socialist Solidarity Network
The Socialist Solidarity Network was a grouping of socialists in the United Kingdom most of whom were former members of the Socialist Party. They supported the Socialist Alliance in England and support the Scottish Socialist Party in Scotland.

The SSN's supporters included Lesley Mahmood, a long-time member of the Militant group, and Phil Hearse, former editor of Socialist Outlook.

In 2002, the Network absorbed the Socialist Democracy Group. In 2003, launched the publication Socialist Resistance together with the International Socialist Group.

The group ceased to function in the 2000s, as SR transformed itself into the USFI section in Britain, effectively re-absorbing some people such as Phil Hearse, while others such as Lesley Mahmood and Mandy Baker were no longer involved.

Socialist Democracy Group
The Socialist Democracy Group was a Trotskyist group which existed in England between 1998 and 2002. It organised former supporters of the Militant tendency and Socialist Outlook who supported the Scottish Socialist Party.

In 2002, it merged into the Socialist Solidarity Network. Its former members are now supporters of Socialist Resistance.
Skonsvikvatnan
Skonsvikvatnan is a small lake located along the coast of northern Norway. It is located in Berlevåg Municipality, northwest of the village of Berlevåg in Finnmark county. The lake is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of Berlevåg Airport.

Berlevåg Municipality
Berlevågⓘ (Northern Sami: Bearalváhki) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Øst-Finnmark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Berlevåg.

There are two settlements in the municipality of Berlevåg: the village of Berlevåg and the village of Kongsfjord. The village of Berlevåg is by far the biggest; Kongsfjord only has around 45 inhabitants. Kjølnes Lighthouse is located along the shore, east of the village of Berlevåg.

The 1,122-square-kilometre (433 sq mi) municipality is the 100th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Berlevåg is the 341st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 892. The municipality's population density is 0.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.1/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 15.6% over the previous 10-year period.
Wath Rural District
Wath Rural District was a rural district in the North Riding of Yorkshire from 1894 to 1974.  It was created in 1894 from that part of the Ripon rural sanitary district which was in the North Riding (the West Riding part becoming the Ripon Rural District.) It was named after the village of Wath.

In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972.  Since then it has formed part of the district of Harrogate in North Yorkshire.

North Riding of Yorkshire
The North Riding of Yorkshire was a subdivision of Yorkshire, England, alongside York, the East Riding and West Riding. The riding's highest point was at Mickle Fell at 2,585 ft (788 m).

From the Restoration it was used as a lieutenancy area, having been previously part of the Yorkshire lieutenancy. Each riding was treated as a county for many purposes, such as quarter sessions. An administrative county, based on the riding, was created with a county council in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In 1974 both the administrative county and the North Riding of Yorkshire lieutenancy were abolished, replaced in most of the riding by the non-metropolitan county and lieutenancy of North Yorkshire, and in the north-west by County Durham.
Family Life (1971 British film)
Family Life (US: Wednesday's Child) is a 1971 British drama film directed by Ken Loach and starring Sandy Ratcliff, Malcolm Tierney and Grace Cave. The screenplay was by David Mercer. It is a remake of In Two Minds, an episode of the BBC's Wednesday Play series first transmitted by the BBC in March 1967, which was also written by Mercer and directed by Loach.

In Two Minds
"In Two Minds" is a television play by David Mercer commissioned for The Wednesday Play (BBC1) anthology drama series. First transmitted on 1 March 1967, it was directed by Ken Loach and produced by Tony Garnett and features Anna Cropper in the lead role.
Fame Academy series 2
This second series of Fame Academy was broadcast in the UK over thirteen weeks from July to October 2003. It was won by Alex Parks. The judging panel of the show consisted of Richard Park, Carrie Grant, David Grant and Robin Gibb during the live shows. Jonathan Ross was a judge on the final giving his opinions on the acts.

Carolynne Willey
Carolynne Willey (née Good; born 5 August 1980) is a British singer-songwriter and actress from Leeds, England. She first gained recognition as a finalist on the second series of the BBC talent show Fame Academy in 2003, where she finished third. In 2011, she competed on The X Factor and advanced to the judges’ houses stage. She returned the following year and reached the live shows, but was eliminated after the first week finishing in thirteenth place.
Mower County, Minnesota
Mower County (/ˈmaʊ.ər/) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,029. The county seat is Austin. Mower County comprises the Austin Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Rochester-Austin Combined Statistical Area. Lake Louise State Park is in southeastern Mower County, near Le Roy.

Lansing Township, Mower County, Minnesota
Lansing Township is a township in Mower County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,292 at the 2000 census. The largest city contained partially within the township is Austin with 23,314 people. The southern part of Austin is in Austin Township. Lansing Township also contains the town of Mapleview (population 189) and the unincorporated areas of Ramsey, Corning, and Lansing.
Pierre Toussaint
Pierre Toussaint (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ tusɛ̃]; June 27, 1766 – June 30, 1853) was a slave Haitian-American hairdresser and philanthropist, brought to New York City by his masters in 1787. He was declared Venerable by Pope John Paul II in 1996.

Freed in 1807 after the death of his mistress, Pierre took the surname of "Toussaint" in honor of Toussaint Louverture, a leader of the Haitian Revolution. Toussaint also became a successful barber and used his wealth for various philanthropic causes. He also helped finance the construction of St. Patrick's Old Cathedral.

Credited as the de facto founder of Catholic Charities of New York, Toussaint is the first and only layman to be buried in the crypt below the main altar of the current St. Patrick's Cathedral on Fifth Avenue, generally reserved for bishops of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.

Free Negro
In the British colonies in North America and in the United States before the abolition of slavery in 1865 free Negro, free Black, and free Colored described the legal status of African Americans who were not enslaved. The term was applied both to formerly enslaved people (freedmen) and to those who had been born free (free people of color), whether of African or mixed descent.
Blank endorsement
Blank endorsement of a financial instrument, such as a cheque, is only a signature, not indicating the payee. The effect of this is that it is payable only to the bearer – legally, it transforms an order instrument ("pay to the order of (the payee)") into a bearer instrument ("pay to the bearer"). It is one of the types of endorsement of a negotiable instrument.

It is "an endorsement consisting of nothing but a signature and allowing any party in possession of the endorsed item to execute a claim."

A blank endorsement is a commonly known and accepted term in the legal and business worlds.

This is also called an endorsement in blank or blank endorsement.

The prevalent spelling in American English is endorsement; the minority convention, indorsement, is found in older American documents, although the revised Uniform Commercial Code Article on negotiable instruments retains the older spelling.

Negotiable instrument
A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time, whose payer is usually named on the document. More specifically, it is a document contemplated by or consisting of a contract, which promises the payment of money without condition, which may be paid either on demand or at a future date. The term has different meanings, depending on its use in the application of different laws and depending on countries and contexts. The word "negotiable" refers to transferability, and "instrument" refers to a document giving legal effect by the virtue of the law.
2020–21 Women's T20 Super League
The 2020–21 Women's T20 Super League was the third Women's T20 Super League competition that took place in South Africa. It took place in December 2020, with 4 teams taking part made up of the best players in South Africa. Coronations won the competition, winning their second title.

Women's T20 Super League
The Women's T20 Super League is a women's domestic Twenty20 cricket tournament organised by Cricket South Africa. The tournament began in September 2019, with four teams taking part; these teams were renamed for a second competition in December 2019. The third competition took place in December 2020, which was won by Coronations. The competition took place again in December 2022, with no overall winner crowned due to the amount of matches abandoned due to rain.

The tournament aims to give more game time and competition for South Africa's best women players, with players organised into teams and playing matches at the same ground over a weekend.
Linlithgow Rose F.C.
Linlithgow Rose Football Club are a Scottish football club based in Linlithgow, West Lothian. The team plays in the Lowland League, which is the fifth tier of Scottish football, having won the 2022–23 East of Scotland Football League Premier Division.

With playing colours of maroon and white, Linlithgow Rose have won the Scottish Junior Cup four times, in 1965, 2002, 2007 and 2010. Linlithgow also finished as runners-up in 1974, 2003 and 2013.

East of Scotland Football League
The East of Scotland Football League (EoSFL) is a senior football league based in the east and south-east of Scotland. The league sits at levels 6–9 on the Scottish football league system, acting as a feeder to the Lowland Football League.

Founded in 1923, it is currently composed of 59 member clubs competing in four divisions. Traditionally clubs were located in Edinburgh, Lothians and the Scottish Borders however in the 2010s the league expanded north and now also includes clubs from Clackmannanshire, Falkirk, Fife, Stirling, and Perth.

Since 2014–15 it has featured in the senior pyramid system. The winners take part in an end of season promotion play-off with the South of Scotland Football League and West of Scotland Football League champions, subject to clubs meeting the required licensing criteria.
Morton-James Public Library
The Morton-James Public Library is a library in the city of Nebraska City, in the southeastern part of the state of Nebraska, in the Midwestern United States. The building, located at 923 1st Corso, has been described as "a modest, yet fine example of the Richardsonian Romanesque style of architecture in Nebraska".  In 1976, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Mendelssohn, Fisher and Lawrie
Mendelssohn, Fisher and Lawrie was a significant architecture firm in early Omaha, Nebraska.  Fisher & Lawrie continued.  A number of their works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Augusta Presbyterian Church
Augusta Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church building at Third and Walnut Streets in Augusta, Arkansas.  It is a large brick building with a gable roof and Gothic Revival styling.  The building was fashioned out of bricks made locally by hand, with load-bearing walls that are 2 feet (0.61 m) thick.  Built in 1871 for a congregation organized ten years earlier, it is Augusta's oldest church.

The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Augusta, Arkansas
Augusta, officially the City of Augusta, is a city in Woodruff County, Arkansas, United States, located on the east bank of the White River. The population was 1,998 as of the 2020 Census. The city is the county seat of Woodruff County.
4G
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular network technology, introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Compared to preceding third-generation (3G) technologies, 4G has been designed to support all-IP communications and broadband services, and eliminates circuit switching in voice telephony. It also has considerably higher data bandwidth compared to 3G, enabling a variety of data-intensive applications such as high-definition media streaming and the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

The earliest deployed technologies marketed as "4G" were Long Term Evolution (LTE), developed by the 3GPP group, and Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Mobile WiMAX), based on IEEE specifications. These provided significant enhancements over previous 3G and 2G.

IMT Advanced
International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced Standard) are the requirements issued by the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2008 for what is marketed as 4G (or in Turkey as 4.5G) mobile phone and Internet access service.
Sharaf al-Muluk
Sharaf al-Muluk (Persian: شرف الملوک) was the ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1328 to 1334. He was the son and successor of Shah-Kaykhusraw. Little is known about Sharaf; he died in 1334, and was succeeded by his brother Hasan II of Tabaristan.

Bavand dynasty
The Bavand dynasty (Persian: باوندیان) (also spelled Bavend), or simply the Bavandids, was an Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province) in what is now northern Iran from 651 until 1349, alternating between outright independence and submission as vassals to more powerful regional rulers. They ruled for 698 years, which is the second longest dynasty of Iran after the Baduspanids.