hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ni'ilya
Ni'ilya was a Palestinian village in the Gaza Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on November 4, 1948, under Operation Yo'av. It was located 19 km northeast of Gaza in the city territory of modern Ashkelon. The village was defended by the Egyptian Army.

Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Gaza Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء غزة; Hebrew: נפת עזה) was one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It was situated in the southern Mediterranean coastline of the British Mandate of Palestine. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the district disintegrated, with Israel controlling the northern and eastern portions while Egypt held control of the southern and central parts – which became the Gaza Strip, under Egyptian military between 1948 and 1967, Israeli military rule between 1967 and 2005, part of the Palestinian National Authority (with some aspects of retained Israeli rule until the 2005 withdrawal) after the Oslo Accords until 2007, and is currently ruled by the Hamas as a de facto separate entity from the Palestinian National Authority. The parts which Israel held since 1948 were merged into Israeli administrative districts, their connection with Gaza severed.
Stockholm City Line
The Stockholm City Line (Swedish: Citybanan) is a railway tunnel beneath central Stockholm in Sweden which is used by the Stockholm commuter rail. The line is 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi) long, double track and electrified. It has two stations: Stockholm City station, which is connected to Stockholm Central Station and located directly below T-Centralen metro station; and Stockholm Odenplan station which is also served by the Green Line of the Metro. The line and its stations opened on 10 July 2017.

Stockholm commuter rail
Stockholm commuter rail (Swedish: Stockholms pendeltåg) is the commuter rail system in Stockholm County, Sweden. The system is an important part of the public transport in Stockholm, and is controlled by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. The tracks are state-owned and administered by the Swedish Transport Administration, while the operation of the Stockholm commuter rail services itself has been contracted to SJ AB since March 2024.
Boris Carmeli
Boris Carmeli (23 April 1928 – 31 July 2009) was a Polish operatic basso profondo known for his "fervent rich hued tones" and extensive repertory of more than 70 operas and 60 oratorios. During his long career, he appeared regularly at La Scala in Milan and other major opera houses internationally. In addition to the classical bass repertoire, he performed contemporary music including major works by Krzysztof Penderecki and Karlheinz Stockhausen. He appeared at international music festivals, on Italian television, and in many opera films.

Symphony No. 7 (Penderecki)
Krzysztof Penderecki wrote his Seventh Symphony, subtitled "Seven Gates of Jerusalem", in 1996 to commemorate the third millennium of the city of Jerusalem. Originally conceived as an oratorio, this choral symphony was premièred in Jerusalem in January 1997; it was only after the first Polish performance two months later that Penderecki decided to call it a symphony. It is written for two sopranos, alto, tenor, bass, narrator, chorus and orchestra.
Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou
The Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (French: Festival panafricain du cinéma et de la télévision de Ouagadougou, or FESPACO) is a film festival in Burkina Faso, held biennially in Ouagadougou, where the organization is based. It accepts for competition only films by African filmmakers and chiefly produced in Africa. FESPACO is scheduled in March every second year, two weeks after the last Saturday of February. Its opening night is held in the Stade du 4-Août, the national stadium.

The festival offers African film professionals the chance to establish working relationships, exchange ideas, and to promote their work. FESPACO's stated aim is to "contribute to the expansion and development of African cinema as means of expression, education and awareness-raising". It has also worked to establish a market for African films and industry professionals. Since FESPACO's founding, the festival has attracted attendees from across the continent and beyond.

Yennenga
Yennenga (born 11th-15th century) was a legendary princess, considered the mother of the Mossi people of Burkina Faso. She was a famous warrior within the Kingdom of Dagbon, now in present day Ghana. The founder of the Kingdom of Dagbon was her father, Nedega. Nedega refused to let Yennenga marry, resulting in her leaving the kingdom. On the run with her horse, she met a young hunter, Rialé with whom she had a child called Ouedraogo. Ouedraogo is a famous last name in Burkina Faso and means "male horse" in honour of the horse which led the princess to Rialé. Yennenga or her son Ouedraogo are considered the founder of the Mossi Kingdoms. There are different versions about the escape of the princess.
ED Miles Mining Exchange
ED Miles Mining Exchange is a heritage-listed commercial building at 65 Mosman Street, Charters Towers City, Charters Towers, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by William George Smith junior, and built in 1887 by Ben Toll. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 November 2012.

Charters Towers City, Queensland
Charters Towers City (formerly Lissner) is the central suburb and central business district of the town of Charters Towers in the Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Charters Towers City had a population of 2,219 people.
Eleonora Kruger
Eleonora Albertova Krüger (Nora) (Bulgarian: Елеонора Албертова Крюгер; Russian: Элеонора Альбертовна Крюгер; 1901 – 20 July 1954) was a Russian woman who lived in the village of Gabarevo, Bulgaria. According to Blagoy Emanuilov, retired Bulgarian senior magistrate, speculated that she was Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia.

Romanov impostors
Members of the ruling Russian imperial family, the House of Romanov, were executed by a firing squad led by Yakov Yurovsky in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on 17 July 1918, during both the Russian Civil War and near the end of the First World War. Afterwards, a number of people came forward claiming to have survived the execution. All were impostors, as the skeletal remains of the Imperial family have since been recovered and identified through DNA testing. To this day, a number of people still falsely claim to be members of the Romanov family, often using false titles of nobility or royalty.
Pammy Varma
Pammy Varma (1952 – 2015) was an Indian film director in Bollywood. In a career spanning two decades, he worked as the assistant director/second-unit director of Manmohan Desai, leading director of the 1970s, before making his debut as the co-director of Mard (1985), which was the second highest-grossing film of 1985.

Munshiram Varma
Munshiram Varma  (1902-1958) was a Bollywood film producer.  He was one of six brothers that were founders/partners of Varma Films, a company predominantly involved with the production and distribution of Hindi-language films.
The Moldy Peaches
The Moldy Peaches are an American indie group founded by Adam Green and Kimya Dawson. Leading proponents of the anti-folk scene, the band had been on hiatus since 2004, but in 2023 announced on Twitter that they would be reuniting. The appearance of their song "Anyone Else but You" in the film Juno significantly raised their profile; Dawson and Green made a handful of reunion appearances together in December 2007.

Murderball (film)
Murderball is a 2005 American documentary film about athletes who are physically disabled who play wheelchair rugby. It centers on the rivalry between the Canadian and American teams leading up to the 2004 Paralympic Games. It was directed by Henry Alex Rubin and Dana Adam Shapiro and produced by Jeffrey V. Mandel and Shapiro. It was nominated for Best Documentary Feature for the 78th Academy Awards. Murderball was the first and only MTV film released through THINKFilm as well as Participant Media.
Millet motorcycle
The Millet motorcycle, designed in 1892 by Félix Théodore Millet, may have been the first motorcycle (or motorized bicycle) to use pneumatic tires.  It had an unusual radial-configuration rotary engine incorporated into the rear wheel, believed to be the first one ever used to power a person-carrying vehicle of any type.

Motorized bicycle
A motorized bicycle is a bicycle with a motor or engine and transmission used either to power the vehicle unassisted, or to assist with pedalling. Since it sometimes retains both pedals and a discrete connected drive for rider-powered propulsion, the motorized bicycle is in technical terms a true bicycle, albeit a power-assisted one. Typically they are incapable of speeds above 52 km/h (32 mph); however, in recent years larger motors have been built, allowing bikes to reach speeds of upwards of 113 km/h (70 mph).

Powered by a variety of engine types and designs, the motorized bicycle formed the prototype for what would later become the motor driven cycle.
Davallia tasmanii
Davallia tasmanii is a fern in the family Davalliaceae found mainly in New Zealand (Three Kings Islands) and Tasmania. It grows well in dry place and the growth is very slow. It can grow from spores and rooted pieces.

Davallia
Davallia (deersfoot fern, hare's foot fern,  shinobu fern, rabbit foot fern,  ball fern) is a genus of about 40 species of fern. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only genus in the family Davalliaceae, which is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae, order Polypodiales. Alternatively, the family may be placed in a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato as the subfamily Davallioideae.

The family is sister to the largest family of ferns, Polypodiaceae, and shares some morphological characters with it. Species are epiphytic ferns, with fronds arising from long aerial rhizomes which grow on and over thick bark on trees or on rock crevices.
100 yen note
The 100 yen note (百円紙幣) was a denomination of Japanese yen issued from 1885 to 1974 in paper form. Eight different types were issued over the period of almost a century before they were replaced by the 100 yen coin. Only two of the issued notes continue to retain their legal tender status, both of which were issued after World War II. Like other old Japanese banknotes they are worth more on the collector's market than at face value.

100 yen coin
The 100 yen coin (百円硬貨, Hyaku-en kōka) is a denomination of Japanese yen. These coins were first minted in 1957 using a silver alloy, before the current design was adopted with an alloy change in 1967. It is the second-highest denomination coin in Japan, after the 500 yen coin. The current 100 yen coin is one of two denominations that depict the emperor's rule date in Arabic numerals rather than kanji.
Highly structured ring spectrum
In mathematics, a highly structured ring spectrum or  -ring is an object in homotopy theory encoding a refinement of a multiplicative structure on a cohomology theory. A commutative version of an -ring is called an -ring. While originally motivated by questions of geometric topology and bundle theory, they are today most often used in stable homotopy theory.

En-ring
In mathematics, an -algebra in a symmetric monoidal infinity category C consists of the following data:

An object  for any open subset U of Rn homeomorphic to an n-disk.

A multiplication map:

for any disjoint open disks  contained in some open disk V

subject to the requirements that the multiplication maps are compatible with composition, and that  is an equivalence if .  An equivalent definition is that A is an algebra in C over the little n-disks operad.
John F. Kennedy University
John F. Kennedy University was a private university based in California with offices in San Jose, California. The university was founded in 1965 to offer degrees and certificates for non-traditional higher education students, taught mostly by adjunct faculty. In April 2009, the university became an affiliate of the National University System, initially as an independent university. The institution closed in 2020 with programs transferred to other National University schools.

National University (San Diego, California)
National University is a private university headquartered in San Diego, California, United States. Founded in 1971, National University offers academic degree programs at campuses throughout California and various programs online. Programs at National University are designed for adult learners. On-campus classes are typically blended learning courses, concentrated to four weeks or on weeknights with occasional Saturday classes. The university uses asynchronous learning and real-time virtual classrooms for its online programs.
Tabrikiekondre
Tabrikiekondre is a village in Boven Saramacca municipality (resort) in Sipaliwini District in Suriname.

Nearby towns and villages include Moetoetoetabriki (4.1 nm), Kwattahede (3.0 nm), La Valere (13.6 nm), Warnakomoponafaja (5.1 nm) and Makajapingo (3.2 nm).

Makajapingo
Makajapingo is a village in Boven Saramacca (resort) in Sipaliwini District in Suriname. The village is inhabited by Matawai people.

Nearby towns and villages include Pakka-Pakka (8.6 nm), Moetoetoetabriki (7.0 nm), Tabrikiekondre (3.2 nm),  Stonkoe (3.2 nm) and Warnakomoponafaja (2.0 nm).

The villages does not have a school or a clinic, but does have a church, and unlike most Matawai settlements, it is Catholic.
Ampelomeryx
Ampelomeryx is a genus of extinct herbivorous even-toed ungulate mammals belonging to the family Palaeomerycidae.

Ampelomeryx was named by Duranthon et al. (1995). It was assigned to the Palaeomerycinae by Prothero and Liter (2007). It had frontal and occipital appendages. It was similar to Tauromeryx and Triceromeryx.

Palaeomerycidae
The Palaeomerycidae is an extinct family of Neogene ruminants belonging to the infraorder Pecora. Palaeomerycids lived in Europe and Asia exclusively during the Miocene, coevolving with cervids, bovids, moschids, and tragulids there as part of a dramatic radiation of ruminants by the early Miocene.

Dromomerycids are sometimes considered to be subfamilies of the Palaeomerycidae, but recent research brought doubt to this, arguing that the dromomerycids lack the sutures on the skull roof that giraffomorphs (Giraffidae, Palaeomerycidae, Climacoceratidae) have for ossicone features. The similar resemblances of the two families could be the result of parallel evolution.
James Anderson (songwriter, born 1825)
James Anderson (1825 – 14 March 1899) was an English, Tyneside miner/songwriter of the late 19th century. He was quite famous locally at the time, and his most popular song is probably "Aw wish Pay Friday wad cum".

Chater's Canny Newcassel Diary and Remembrancer 1872
Chater's Canny Newcassel Diary and Remembrancer was a book, published in 1872 by John W. Chater. It contained a mixture of "songs, poems, humorous tales, jokes, conundrums, tongue twisters and other items of frivolity".

The full title of the book was “Chater's 'Canny Newcassel' Diary and Local Remembrancer, For Bissextile or Leap-Year, 1872. Compiled expressly for this district. J. W. Chater, 89, Clayton Street, Newcastle upon Tyne - 1872".

A copy of an original books is now held at Beamish Museum/
Rob Manfred
Robert Dean Manfred Jr. (born September 28, 1958) is an American lawyer and business executive who is serving as the tenth commissioner of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously served as MLB's chief operating officer. Manfred succeeded Bud Selig as commissioner on January 25, 2015. Manfred's tenure has seen a number of rule changes to the sport, including the introduction of the pitch clock and ghost runner rule. He has also overseen the expansion of the World Baseball Classic, MLB's reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Houston Astros sign stealing scandal.

Major League Baseball Players Association
The Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) is the labor union representing all current Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) players. All players, managers, coaches, and athletic trainers who hold or have held a signed contract with a Major League club are eligible for membership in the Association. The MLBPA has three major divisions: a labor union, a business (Players Choice Group Licensing Program), and a charitable foundation (Major League Baseball Players Trust).

On August 28, 2022, the MLBPA publicly launched a campaign to help MiLB players unionize. On September 9, 2022, MLB voluntarily recognized the MLBPA as the union for over 5,500 MiLB players playing rookie level to Triple-A.
Carmyllie
Carmyllie (Gaelic: Càrn Mhoillidh) is a rural parish in Angus, Scotland. It is situated on high ground between Arbroath, on the coast, and the inland county town of Forfar. The main settlements in the parish are Redford, Greystone, Guynd and Milton of Carmyllie. There is a Church of Scotland church and a primary school. The Elliot Water rises in the west of the parish.

Redford, Angus
Redford is a hamlet in the parish of Carmyllie in Angus, Scotland. It is situated on high ground between Arbroath, on the coast, and the inland county town of Forfar. Carmyllie school is located in the settlement, as was the old Carmyllie railway station.
Malton Priory
Malton Priory, Old Malton, North Yorkshire, England, is near to the town of Malton. It was founded as a monastery of the Gilbertine Order by Eustace fitz John, the lord of Malton Castle.  Fitz John founded both Malton Priory and Watton Priory around 1150; some sources suggest that this was an act of penance for his support for the Scots in the Battle of the Standard.

The prior was accused of taking part in the Pilgrimage of Grace.

After the Dissolution, the site was bought in 1540 by Robert Holgate, the former master of the Gilbertine Order, who was then Bishop of Llandaff.  In 1545 Holgate became Archbishop of York.  He founded three grammar schools in Yorkshire, including Malton School (on part of the monastic site).

Old Malton
Old Malton is a village in the civil parish of Malton, in North Yorkshire, England. The village is situated just south of the A64 road and is 1-mile (1.5 km) north-east of the town of Malton. The village is on the B1257 which links Malton with the A64 and the A169 road to the north and is bounded on its eastern side by the River Derwent.
Laman graph
In graph theory, the Laman graphs are a family of sparse graphs describing the minimally rigid systems of rods and joints in the plane. Formally, a Laman graph is a graph on  vertices such that, for all , every -vertex subgraph has at most  edges, and such that the whole graph has exactly  edges. Laman graphs are named after Gerard Laman, of the University of Amsterdam, who in 1970 used them to characterize rigid planar structures.
However, this characterization, the Geiringer–Laman theorem, had already been discovered in 1927 by Hilda Geiringer.

Geiringer–Laman theorem
The Geiringer–Laman theorem gives a combinatorial characterization of generically rigid graphs in -dimensional Euclidean space, with respect to bar-joint frameworks.  This theorem was first proved by Hilda Pollaczek-Geiringer in 1927, and later by Gerard Laman in 1970.  An efficient algorithm called the pebble game is used to identify this class of graphs.  This theorem has been the inspiration for many Geiringer-Laman type results for other types of frameworks with generalized pebble games.
John Salusbury (diarist)
Sir John Salusbury (1 September 1707 – 2 May 1762) was a Welsh nobleman, explorer and co-founder of Halifax, Nova Scotia. He is credited as being one of the founders of modern Canada along with several other members of his expedition, including the Earl of Halifax and Edward Cornwallis. He served on the Nova Scotia Council throughout Father Le Loutre's War.  He participated in the Battle at Chignecto.   His diaries regarding the military campaign to establish a colony in Nova Scotia on behalf of the British Government became a vital source of information regarding the hardships, difficulties and opposition from the average Englishman regarding the development of the colony. He was a direct descendant of Katheryn of Berain.

Salusbury family
The Salusbury family was an Anglo-Welsh family notable for their social prominence, wealth, literary contributions and philanthropy. They were patrons of the arts and were featured in William Shakespeare's The Phoenix and the Turtle and other works. The family mostly rose in power by supporting the rising Tudor dynasty.
Chardon Local School District
The Chardon Local School District is a school district located in northern Geauga County, Ohio. The district serves students in grades Pre-K through twelve living in Chardon, Aquilla, Munson, Hampden, and small portions of Claridon and Concord townships. The district consists of one high school, one middle school and three elementary schools. All buildings and offices are located in Chardon.

Chardon, Ohio
Chardon is a city in Geauga County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 5,242 at the 2020 census. Chardon is located about 10 mi (16 km) south of Lake Erie within the "snow belt" of the Great Lakes and is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area. It is the only incorporated city in Geauga County and includes land that was once part of Chardon, Hambden, and Munson townships.
Bad Ems
Bad Ems (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈʔɛms] ⓘ) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Rhein-Lahn rural district and is well known as a spa on the river Lahn. Bad Ems was the seat of Bad Ems collective municipality, which has been merged into the Bad Ems-Nassau collective municipality. The town has around 9,000 inhabitants.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous hot springs and 18-20th century architecture bearing testimony to the popularity of spa resorts in Europe during that time.

Bad Ems (Verbandsgemeinde)
Bad Ems is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. In January 2019 it was merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Bad Ems-Nassau. Its seat was in Bad Ems.

The Verbandsgemeinde Bad Ems consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Arzbach

Bad Ems

Becheln

Dausenau

Fachbach

Frücht

Kemmenau

Miellen

Nievern

50°20′17″N 7°42′40″E﻿ / ﻿50.338°N 7.711°E﻿ / 50.338; 7.711
2015 Men's NORCECA Volleyball Championship
The 2015 Men's NORCECA Volleyball Championship was the 24th edition of the tournament, played from 5 to 10 October 2015 in Córdoba, Mexico. The top 4 teams who had not yet qualified from the 2016 Summer Olympics automatically qualified to the NORCECA Olympic Qualifier.

Volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification
The qualification for the 2016 Men's Olympic Volleyball Tournament was held from 8 September 2015 to 5 June 2016. Twelve teams qualified, the hosts, the FIVB World Cup champions and runners-up, five continental Olympic qualification tournament champions and four teams from two World Olympic qualification tournaments. Teams already qualified for the event were not eligible to play in the following qualification tournaments.