hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Franklin County Jail (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)
The Old Franklin County Jail is a historic jail located at Chambersburg in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1818, and is a two-story, brick building with a slate covered hipped roof topped by a cupola.  The original building measures 84 feet wide by 48 feet deep.  In 1880, a cell block was added.  The jail yard is divided into two sections and surrounded by a 20-foot-high wall. At least five prisoners were hanged on the premises.

Now known as the Old Jail, the building houses a museum and genealogical library operated by the Franklin County Historical Society - Kittochtinny.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. It is included in the Chambersburg Historic District.

Chambersburg Historic District
Chambersburg Historic District is a national historic district centered on the Memorial Fountain and Square of Chambersburg in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 159 contributing buildings in the central business district and immediately surrounding residential area of Chambersburg. The district has a number of notable examples of Georgian and Italianate style architecture.  Notable buildings include the St. Paul United Methodist Church (1896), Professional Arts Building (c. 1914), Cumberland Valley National Bank, Cumberland Valley Railroad Station, First United Brethren Church (1899), firehouse, Presbyterian Church of the Falling Spring (1803), and the Suesserott House.  Located in the district and separately listed are the Franklin County Jail, Franklin County Courthouse, John Brown House, Masonic Temple, Townhouse Row, and the Zion Reformed Church.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Mokoshi
In Japanese architecture mokoshi (裳階・裳層, also pronounced shōkai), literally "skirt storey" or "cuff storey", is a decorative pent roof surrounding a building below the true roof. Since it does not correspond to any internal division, the mokoshi gives the impression of there being more floors than there really are. It is usually a ken deep and is most commonly seen in Buddhist temples and pagodas (see for example the article tahōtō). The mokoshi normally covers a hisashi, a walled aisle surrounding a building on one or more sides, but can be attached directly to the core of the structure (the moya), in which case there is no hisashi.  The roofing material for the mokoshi can be the same or different (see for example's Hōryū-ji's kon-dō) as in the main roof.

Omoya
In Japanese architecture, the omoya (母屋) is the core of a building. Originally, the central part of a residential building was called omoya. After the introduction of Buddhism to Japan in the 6th century, moya has been used to denote the sacred central area of a temple building. It is generally surrounded by aisle like areas called hisashi. In temples constructed in the hip-and-gable style (irimoya-zukuri), the gabled part usually covers the moya while the hipped part covers the aisles.
Baqa ash-Sharqiyya
Baqa ash-Sharqiyya (Arabic: باقه الشرقية) is a Palestinian town in the northern West Bank, located 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) northeast of Tulkarm in the Tulkarm Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 4,892 inhabitants in 2017. Refugees made up 20.4% of the Baqa ash-Sharqiyya's population in 1997.

Approximately 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) to the west, on the other side of the Green Line, lies Baqa al-Gharbiyye, ("the western bouquet of flowers") which is under Israeli jurisdiction. Prior to the Second Intifada, Baqa ash-Sharqiyya consisted of 4,000 dunams; Israel confiscated about 2,000 dunams of land in order to build the Israeli West Bank barrier.

Tulkarm Governorate
32°19′11.5″N 35°5′38.5″E﻿ / ﻿32.319861°N 35.094028°E﻿ / 32.319861; 35.094028

The Tulkarm Governorate (Arabic: محافظة طولكرم, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ṭūlkarm) is an administrative district and one of the 16 Governorates of Palestine, located in the north-western West Bank. The governorate's land area is 268 square kilometres. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the governorate had a population of 172,800 inhabitants. The muhafaza or district capital is the city of Tulkarm.
Battle of Mongiovino
The Battle of Mongiovino was a military engagement of the First War of Castro fought on 6 September 1643 between the Papal forces, commanded by Taddeo Barberini (nephew of Pope Urban VIII), and the forces of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, led by Mattias de' Medici, brother of Ferdinando II of Tuscany.

The battle took place near the village of Mongiovino, in the municipality of Panicale, approximately 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Perugia.

The people of Panicale, caught by surprise, allowed the Tuscan forces to enter their fortified town in an attempt to avoid worse outcomes, following advice from local notables.

Wars of Castro
The Wars of Castro were a series of conflicts during the mid-17th century revolving around the ancient city of Castro (located in present-day Lazio, Italy), which eventually resulted in the city's destruction on 2 September 1649.  The conflict was a result of a power struggle between the papacy – represented by members of two deeply entrenched Roman families and their popes, the Barberini and Pope Urban VIII and the Pamphili and Pope Innocent X – and the Farnese dukes of Parma, who controlled Castro and its surrounding territories as the Duchy of Castro.
Hartford Yard
Hartford Yard is a classification yard located in Hartford, Connecticut. It was originally built by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The yard was greatly expanded between 1925 and 1926 to alleviate congestion in the railroad's nearby East Hartford Yard, following the company's purchase in 1917 of 12.5 acres of land in Hartford's North End.

Since 1996, the yard has been owned by the Connecticut Southern Railroad, which maintains its headquarters there, along with repair and maintenance facilities.

A portion of the yard is now occupied by Dunkin' Donuts Park. The park's primary tenant, the Hartford Yard Goats, were named in part to honor the history of railroads in Hartford, and because the park is adjacent to the active portion of Hartford Yard.

East Hartford Yard
East Hartford Yard is a classification yard in East Hartford, Connecticut. The yard was originally built by the New York and New England Railroad between 1881 and 1883. The opening of the yard marked the beginning of industrial development in East Hartford.

By 1906, it was the largest railroad yard in New England. That year, it was further expanded by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The yard lost its claim to being the largest railroad yard in New England to Cedar Hill Yard in 1920.

In spite of the 1906 expansion, the yard was still struggling with congestion. As a result, the Hartford Yard was built across the Connecticut River, and connected to the East Hartford Yard.

Today, the yard is owned and operated by the Connecticut Southern Railroad, and consists of only a few tracks.
New York Contemporary Five
The New York Contemporary Five was an avant-garde jazz ensemble active from the summer of 1963 to the spring of 1964. It has been described as "a particularly noteworthy group during its year of existence -- a pioneering avant-garde combo" and "a group which, despite its... short lease on life, has considerable historical significance." Author Bill Shoemaker wrote that the NYCF was "one of the more consequential ensembles of the early 1960s." John Garratt described them as "a meteor that streaked by too fast."

Bill Dixon 7-tette/Archie Shepp and the New York Contemporary 5
Bill Dixon 7-tette/Archie Shepp and the New York Contemporary 5 is an album released on the Savoy label originally featuring one LP side by Bill Dixon's septet and one LP side by the New York Contemporary Five featuring saxophonist Archie Shepp. The album resulted from Dixon and Shepp's contractual obligations to provide Savoy Records with a second album after the Archie Shepp - Bill Dixon Quartet (1962) but following a professional separation.
Manutahi railway station
Manutahi railway station was a rural railway station on the Marton–New Plymouth line serving the settlements of Manutahi and Alton in New Zealand's Taranaki district. It was the point where the northern and southern railheads met during the construction of the Marton–New Plymouth line in 1885. 
The station is now closed to all traffic, but a crossing loop at Manutahi remains in use for passing freight trains.

Marton–New Plymouth line
The Marton–New Plymouth line (MNPL) is a secondary railway in the North Island of New Zealand, linking the Taranaki and Manawatū-Whanganui regions. It diverges from the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) at Marton and follows the South Taranaki Bight along the west coast before turning inland to meet the Stratford–Okahukura Line (SOL) at Stratford, continuing on to New Plymouth.

Construction of the line was completed in 1885. With the completion of the SOL in 1933, the combined route provided an alternative western connection to the NIMT—though this role diminished when the SOL was mothballed in 2010. In its early years, the MNPL hosted the New Plymouth Express, the North Island’s first regional express service. Following the withdrawal of passenger services in 1977, the line has been used exclusively for freight.
Wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones
The wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones took place on Friday, 6 May 1960 at Westminster Abbey in London. Princess Margaret was the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II, while Antony Armstrong-Jones was a noted society photographer.

Eric Abbott
Eric Symes Abbott KCVO (26 May 1906 – 6 June 1983) was an English Anglican priest and academic administrator. He only spent three years in parish ministry, before a career as a chaplain and academic administrator. He was warden of Lincoln Theological College from 1936 to 1945, and then dean of King's College, London from 1945 to 1955. He moved into secular leadership as warden of Keble College, Oxford from 1956 to 1960. He final post was as Dean of Westminster from 1959 until he retired in 1974.
Essential Logic
Essential Logic are an English post-punk band formed in 1978 by saxophonist Lora Logic after leaving X-Ray Spex. The band initially consisted of Lora on vocals, Phil Legg on guitar and vocals, William Bennett (later of Whitehouse) on guitar, Mark Turner on bass guitar, Rich Tea (Richard Thompson) on drums and Dave Wright on saxophone. Turner was later replaced by Sean Oliver (later of Rip Rig + Panic) on bass. The band split in 1981 and reformed in 2001.

X-Ray Spex
X-Ray Spex were an English punk rock band formed in 1976 in London. They were led by Poly Styrene, who formed the band after watching the Sex Pistols live. Styrene was one of the most distinctive personalities in the British punk movement, because of her singing style and atypical and unorthodox appearance, taking influences from reggae as well as punk. Her lyrics primarily dealt with anti-consumerism and anti-capitalism, and were an influence on the 1990s riot grrrl movement. The line-up also included saxophone, which was little used by other punk bands.

During their first incarnation (1976–1979), X-Ray Spex released five singles and one album. Their 1977 single "Oh Bondage Up Yours!" and 1978 debut album Germfree Adolescents are widely acclaimed as classic punk releases. The band briefly reformed several times in the 1990s and 2000s.
Ch'oe Haesan
Ch'oe Haesan (Korean: 최해산; Hanja: 崔海山, 1380–1443) was a Korean military officer during the Joseon dynasty. He was the son of Ch'oe Musŏn and part of the Yeongcheon Ch'oe clan. He inherited his father's weaponmaking secrets and served as a military commander.

Ch'oe Musŏn
Ch'oe Musŏn (Korean: 최무선; Hanja: 崔茂宣; 1330–1395)  was a medieval Korean chemist, inventor, and military general during the late Goryeo Dynasty and early Joseon Dynasty.  He is best known for enabling Korea to domestically produce gunpowder by obtaining a recipe for the Chinese commodity from a Chinese merchant, as well as inventing various gunpowder-based weapons in an attempt to repel the wokou pirates that plundered coastal regions of the Korean Peninsula.
St Ninian's Chapel, Braemar
St Ninian's Chapel in Braemar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, is a Grade B listed Anglican chapel located in the grounds of the Mar Lodge Estate. Built from 1895 to 1898 for use as a private chapel by the family of Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife, owners of Mar Lodge, it has been the property of the Diocese of Aberdeen and Orkney in the Scottish Episcopal Church since 1899. St Ninian's Chapel is the most westerly church in the Diocese.

Duke of Fife
Duke of Fife is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom that has been created twice, in both cases for the Earl of Fife. In 1889, Lord Fife married Princess Louise, the eldest daughter of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria.
Fürstenfeld
Fürstenfeld (Austrian German: [ˈfʏrstn̩fɛld]; Hungarian: Fölöstöm) is a small historic city in Styria, Austria. It is situated near the border with Hungary, which is why the city was originally founded. The town has become quite famous in Austria and Germany because of the song by the same name by Styrian band S.T.S.

Fürstenfeld has a population of some 10,391 as of January 1st 2025. It was the centre of an eponymous district until the end of 2012, when this was merged with Hartberg to form the district of Hartberg-Fürstenfeld.

Fürstenfeld was founded around 1170 as a defense against the Hungarians (the present Austrian state of Burgenland was part of Hungary until after World War I, so Fürstenfeld used to lie right on the border) and received its town charter in 1215.

Today it is known for its schools, middle-sized industry, and vicinity to several spa towns (Bad Blumau, Bad Loipersdorf and Bad Waltersdorf in Styria, and Stegersbach in Burgenland).

Fürstenfeld (song)
"Fürstenfeld", named after the town of the same name in Styria is a song recorded in 1984 by Austrian pop rock group S.T.S. It reached the top of the Austrian Charts in 1984.

The song's lyrics are about the singer feeling homesick for his hometown Fürstenfeld, after having commercially failed and not being able to put up with the habits in Austria's capital Vienna.
Edward Bowen (priest)
Edward Bowen (20 March 1828, near Newtowncunningham in the Parish of Taughboyne – 28 July 1897, in London) was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the  nineteenth century.

Bowen was educated at University College, Oxford. He was ordained deacon in 1881 and priest in 1852. After a curacy at Taughboyne he held incumbencies at Baronscourt and Taughboyne. He was Dean of Raphoe from 1882 until his death. His brother was Sir George Bowen.

Dean of Raphoe
The Dean of Raphoe is based at the Cathedral Church of St Eunan in Raphoe, County Donegal, in Ulster. The Deanery is within the Diocese of Derry and Raphoe within the Church of Ireland. The Dean is the Rev. Elizabeth (Liz) Fitzgerald, the first female dean in the cathedral’s history.
Tiger Leaping Gorge
Tiger Leaping Gorge (Chinese: 虎跳峡; pinyin: Hǔ tiào xiá) is a scenic canyon on the Jinsha River, a primary tributary of the upper Yangtze River. It is located 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Lijiang City, Yunnan in southwestern China. It is part of the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas World Heritage Site.

Legend says the name comes from a hunted tiger escaping by jumping across the river at the narrowest point (still 25 metres (82 ft) wide), using the rock in the middle.

At a maximum depth of approximately 3,790 meters (12,430 feet) from river to mountain peak, Tiger Leaping Gorge is one of the deepest river canyons in the world. The inhabitants of the gorge are primarily the indigenous Nakhi people, who live in a handful of small hamlets. Their primary subsistence comes from grain production and nowadays hiking tourism.

Jinsha River
The Jinsha River (Chinese: 金沙江; pinyin: Jīnshājiāng; lit. 'Gold Sand River', Tibetan: Dri Chu, འབྲི་ཆུ, Yi: ꀉꉷꏁꒉ, romanized: Axhuo Shyxyy) is the Chinese name for the upper stretches of the Yangtze River. It flows through the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan in western China. The river passes through Tiger Leaping Gorge.

It is sometimes grouped together with the Lancang (upper Mekong) and Nu (upper Salween) as the Sanjiang ("Three Rivers") area, part of which makes up the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas.

The river is important in generating hydroelectric power, and several of the world's largest hydroelectric power stations are on the Jinsha river.
Wolfgang Mejías
Wolfgang Eduardo Mejías (born March 14, 1983, in Caracas, Distrito Capital) is a Venezuelan épée fencer. Mejias represented Venezuela at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in two épée events.

For his first event, the men's individual épée, Mejias lost the first preliminary match to Norway's Sturla Torkildsen, with a sudden death score of 11–12. Few days later, he joined with his fellow fencers and teammates Francesco Limardo, Silvio Fernández, and Rubén Limardo, for the men's team épée. Although he was considered an alternate, Mejias and his team lost the fifth place match to the Hungarian team (led by Géza Imre), with a total score of 25 touches.

Sturla Torkildsen
Sturla Andreas Blanck Torkildsen (born 18 July 1981 in Oslo) is a Norwegian épée fencer. Torkildsen represented Norway at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's individual épée event. He first defeated Venezuela's Wolfgang Mejías in the preliminary round of sixty-four, before losing out his next match to Italy's Matteo Tagliariol, with a score of 10–15.

Torkildsen is a member of Njård, a local fencing club in Oslo, and is also a graduate of law at the University of Oslo.
Theodore Salisbury Woolsey
Theodore Salisbury Woolsey (October 22, 1852 – April 24, 1929) was an American legal scholar who was professor of international law at Yale University.

He was born in New Haven, Connecticut. His father was Theodore Dwight Woolsey, President of Yale University. He graduated at Yale in 1872 and at Yale Law School (1876). In 1872 he was an initiate into The Skull and Bones Society.

After traveling in Europe, he was instructor in public law at Yale. From 1878 to 1911, he was professor of international law at Yale. He was one of the founders of the Yale Review and a frequent contributor to it.  He wrote several essays which were collected under the title America's Foreign policy (1898), and he edited Woolsey's International Law and Pomeroy's International Law.

He was a member of the General Society of Colonial Wars.

General Society of Colonial Wars
The General Society of Colonial Wars is a patriotic society composed of men who trace their descents from forebears who, in military, naval, or civil positions of high trust and responsibility, by acts or counsel, assisted in the establishment, defense, and preservation of the mainland American colonies of Great Britain.
12.7×81mmSR
The 12.7×81mmSR cartridge was created by Vickers as an export variant of the cartridge developed for the Vickers .50 machine gun. The major changes were to modify the case from rimless to Semi-Rimmed and reduce the bullet weight from 580 gr (38 g) to 565 gr (36.6 g).

Breda-SAFAT machine gun
Breda Mod. SAFAT cal. 7,7  and Breda Mod. SAFAT cal. 12,7, also known as Breda Mod. SAFAT 7.7 and Breda Mod. SAFAT 12.7, 7.7mm Breda-SAFAT and 12.7mm Breda-SAFAT, or more commonly as Breda-SAFAT 7.7 and Breda-SAFAT 12.7 were two Italian machine guns designed for aircraft use. Designed by Giuseppe Mascarucci, the guns were chambered to fire the standard ammunition in service with the Regia Aeronautica: 7.7 mm (0.303 in) and 12.7 mm (0.500 in) calibres, predominantly ball, tracer for the 7.7mm, including high explosive incendiary tracer (HEI-T) (filled with 0.8 grams of PETN), or armour-piercing (AP) for the 12.7mm.
Maud de Braose, Baroness Mortimer of Wigmore
Maud de Braose, Baroness Mortimer of Wigmore (1224 – shortly before 23 March 1301) was a noble heiress, and one of the most important, being a member of the powerful de Braose family which held many lordships and domains in the Welsh Marches. She was the wife of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, a celebrated soldier and Marcher baron.

A staunch Royalist during the Second Barons' War, she devised the plan to rescue Prince Edward (the future King Edward I of England) from the custody of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.

She is sometimes referred to as Matilda de Braose.

Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore
Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore (c. 1231 – 27 October 1282), of Wigmore Castle in Herefordshire, was a marcher lord who was a loyal ally of King Henry III of England and at times an enemy, at times an ally, of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales.
Mizoguchi Nobukatsu
Mizoguchi Nobukatsu (溝口宣勝, 1582 – November 24, 1628) was a Sengoku period samurai and the 2nd daimyō of Shibata Domain in early Edo period Echigo Province, Japan (modern-day Niigata Prefecture). His courtesy title was Hōki-no-kami, and his Court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade.

Shibata Domain
Shibata Domain (新発田藩, Shibata-han) was a tozama feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Shibata Castle, located in what is now the city of Shibata in Niigata Prefecture. It was ruled for all of its history by the Mizoguchi clan.
Abul Hasan Hankari
Abul Hasan Hakari (Arabic: ا بوالحسن ہنکاری) Abu Al Hasan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hashmi Hakari Harithi (born in 409 Hijri (c.1018 CE), in the town of Hankar), town of Mosul (city of northern Iraq, some 400 km north of Baghdad), died 1st Moharram 486 AH (1 February 1093 CE), in Baghdad, was a Muslim mystic also renowned as one of the most influential Muslim scholar, philosopher, theologian and jurist of his time and Sufi based in Hankar.

Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi (Arabic: ابو سعید مبارك المخزومي) (26 January 1013 ― 26 July 1119), known also as Mubarak bin Ali Makhzoomi and Abu Saeed and Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak (rarely known as Qazi Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak al-Mukharrimi) was a Sufi saint as well as a Muslim mystic and Traditionalist. He was an Islamic theologian and a Hanbali jurist based in Baghdad, Iraq. Abu Saeed was his patronym.
Tuzly Lagoons
Tuzly Lagoons (Ukrainian: Тузловські лимани; Romanian: Limanele Tuzlei) are a group of marine lagoons (limans) in southern Bessarabia (Budjak), Ukraine. The lagoons are part of the Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park, proclaimed on January 1, 2010. It is also a Ramsar site since 1996 due to its ecological significance.. The name of the lagoons originates from the Turkish: Tuzlu, which means salty.

The group includes three main lagoons: Shahany, Alibey, and Burnas, and also smaller lagoons: Solone Ozero, Khadzhyder, Karachaus, Budury, Kurudiol, Martaza, Mahala, Malyi Sasyk, and Dzhantshey.

The total area of the lagoons is 206 km2, depth 1.6–2.5 m, averaging 1.0–1.3 m. The lagoons are separated from the Black Sea by a 29-km long sandbar, which is 60–400 m wide and 1–3 m high.

Khadzhyder Lagoon
Khadzhyder Lagoon (Ukrainian: Хаджидер; Romanian: Lacul Hagider) is a salty lagoon in the Tuzly Lagoons group in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It is separated from the Alibey by a sandbar. Two river, Khadzhyder River and Hlyboka River, inflow into the lagoon. The last one inflows west to the village Bezymyanka, it has a length 24 km, watershed area 80.3 km2. The lagoon has a 4 km length and 2.5 km width. Two villages, Lyman and Bezymyanka, are located on the coast of the lagoon.

The lagoon was a part of the Alibey Lagoon in historical period, and appeared as a result of separation of the Khadzhyder River mouth by a sandbar. Several kurhans of Catacomb culture are located near the village of Lyman.

The water body is included to the Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park.