hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skeetawk
Skeetawk is a nonprofit ski area in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough of Alaska. After 40 years of community proposals to build a downhill ski area in the Hatcher Pass region, ground was broken in 2020. Its first lift, a triple chair, became operational in June of that year, with plans to add a high-speed lift by 2029. Skeetawk played host to the alpine skiing and snowboarding events in the 2024 Arctic Winter Games. It was named after the Athabaskan word Shk’ituk’t, meaning ‘the place where we slide down’.

Hatcher Pass
Hatcher Pass (3,886 ft or 1,148 m) is a mountain pass through the southwest part of the Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska. It is named after Robert Hatcher, a prospector and miner. The nearest cities are Palmer and Wasilla approximately 12 miles (19 km) to the south, and Willow approximately 26 mi (42 km) to the west. The communities are at an elevation of approximately 250 ft (76 m) in the Mat-Su valley.
Chlorolestes
Chlorolestes is a genus of damselflies in the family Synlestidae. They are commonly known as Malachites.

The genus is endemic to southern Africa; furthermore, the range of only one species, Chlorolestes elegans, extends further north than north-eastern South Africa.

The genus contains the following species:

Chlorolestes apricans Wilmot, 1975 - Basking Malachite

Chlorolestes conspicuus Hagen in Selys, 1862 - Conspicuous Malachite

Chlorolestes draconicus Balinsky, 1956 - Drakensberg Malachite

Chlorolestes elegans Pinhey, 1950 - Elegant Malachite

Chlorolestes fasciatus Burmeister, 1839 - Mountain Malachite

Chlorolestes tessellatus Burmeister, 1839 - Forest Malachite

Chlorolestes umbratus Selys, 1862 - White Malachite

Chlorolestes umbratus
Chlorolestes umbratus, the white malachite is a species of damselfly in the family Synlestidae. It is endemic to southern South Africa. This species is found along rivers and streams in both forest and fynbos.

Although its range is restricted, and has declined in the past, this species is locally common and has recovered where alien tree species have been removed from waterways.

A small malachite; 38–47 mm long with a wingspan of 46–52 mm. Some males develop a whitish pruinose-blue bloom on the upper thorax, and smoky-black wing bands. Non-pruinose males and females have a metallic-green or brown thorax and abdomen; the thorax has yellow antehumeral stripes. Both sexes can be distinguished from other malachites by their small size, uniformly coloured pterostigmata and wing venation.
Bull Run Formation
The Bull Run Formation is a Late Triassic (Norian) stratigraphic unit in the eastern United States. It is part of the Newark Supergroup, exposed in the Culpeper Basin of Virginia and Maryland. Fossil fish bones and scales have been found in outcrops of the formation's Groveton Member in Manassas National Battlefield Park.

The United States Geological Survey does not formally recognize the Bull Run Formation as a distinct formation, but its validity has been promoted by some paleontologists.

Culpeper Basin
The Culpeper Basin is one of the Newark Supergroup's Late Triassic–Early Jurassic rift basins, exposed in Northern Virginia and Maryland. Its development is tied to the initial rifting of the supercontinent Pangea (~201 Ma, across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary). Volcanism associated with the Culpeper Basin was part of a much larger event known as the Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP), one of the largest flood basalt eruptions in Earth's history.
Selenium meter
A selenium meter is a light-measuring instrument based on the photoelectric properties of selenium. The most common use of such light meters is measuring the exposure value for photography. The electric part of such a meter is an electromagnetic measuring instrument which is connected to the anode and cathode of a selenium photo cell that produces more or less electric power when exposed to more or less light. The optical part of such a meter is a window in front of the photo cell's light-sensitive side. The window's surface is usually structured like a honeycomb made of convex lenses. This type of window helps to bundle the light coming from the direction in which the photo cell is pointed. The mechanical part of a selenium meter is an analog calculator which accepts exposure value and film speed as input parameters for showing the possible aperture and shutter-speed combinations for correct exposure.

Light meter
A light meter (or illuminometer) is a device used to measure the amount of light. In photography, an exposure meter is a light meter coupled to either a digital or analog calculator which displays the correct shutter speed and f-number for optimum exposure, given a certain lighting situation and film speed. Similarly, exposure meters are also used in the fields of cinematography and scenic design, in order to determine the optimum light level for a scene.

Light meters also are used in the general field of architectural lighting design to verify proper installation and performance of a building lighting system, and in assessing the light levels for growing plants.

If a light meter is giving its indications in luxes, it is called a "luxmeter".
Robert Allot
Robert Allot (died 1635) was a London bookseller and publisher of the early Caroline era; his shop was at the sign of the black bear in St. Paul's Churchyard. Though he was in business for a relatively short time – the decade from 1625 to 1635 – Allot had significant connections with the dramatic canons of the two greatest figures of English Renaissance theatre, William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.

Ben Jonson folios
Ben Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – c. 16 August 1637) collected his plays and other writings into a book he titled The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. In 1616 it was printed in London in the form of a folio. Second and third editions of his works were published posthumously in 1640 and 1692.

These editions of Ben Jonson's works were a crucial development in the publication of English Renaissance drama. The first folio collection, The Workes of Benjamin Jonson, treated stage plays as serious works of literature and stood as a precedent for other play collections that followed—notably the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays in 1623, the first Beaumont and Fletcher folio in 1647, and other collections that were important in preserving the dramatic literature of the age.
Eosphargis
Eosphargis (from Greek eos, meaning "dawn", and sphargis, the Greek word for the leatherback turtle) is an extinct genus of sea turtles from the late Paleocene and early Eocene of western Europe and eastern North America. It is a member of the family Dermochelyidae, which also includes the modern leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), of which it is the earliest known definitive member.

Dermochelyidae
Dermochelyidae is a family of sea turtles which has seven extinct genera and one extant genus, containing one living species, the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). The oldest fossils of the group date to the Late Cretaceous.
Loango, Republic of Congo
Loango (can also be written as Luango,  Lwango, Luangu, Lwangu, Luaangu or Lwaangu) is a town of the Republic of the Congo. Located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, Loango had a population of 21,016 in 2023, the date of the country's last official census.

Since 2011 it has been the capital of the Kouilou Department and of the new Loango District.

Loango Slavery Harbour
The Loango Slavery Harbour (French: Ancien port d'embarquement des esclaves de Loango) is a Republic of the Congo cultural site included in World Heritage Tentative Lists in 2008 and 2009.

It is part of the Hinda district, in Kouilou department. This site is limited by: Pointe Indienne to the Southeast, Atlantic Ocean to the South and to the Southwest, to the North-West the village of Matombi and to the northeast the small town of Diosso, the former administrative district of Bwali, capital of the Kingdom of Loango.

It is overlooked by the ancient lagoon of Tchibete that the relentless marine erosion has almost completely erased. Herbaceous vegetation is dominated by small-sized trees, with sandy soil influenced by the marine climate.
Bibliography of books critical of Scientology
This is a bibliography of works critical of Scientology and the Church of Scientology.

Between 1954 and 2020, only four English-language scholarly monographs have been published about Scientology (Wallis 1977 [1976]; Whitehead 1987; Urban 2011; Westbrook 2019). Most other critical works have come in the form of apostate memoirs: books written by ex-members about their experiences within the Church of Scientology (CoS). On several occasions, the Church of Scientology has initiated copyright infringement lawsuits to restrain the publication of books critical of Scientology or its founder L. Ron Hubbard. Since 2008, the Internet has been able to provide a much safer ground for publishing material critical of the CoS, because traditional copyright law had little application there.

Ruthless: Scientology, My Son David Miscavige, and Me
Ruthless: Scientology, My Son David Miscavige, and Me is a book by Ron Miscavige and Dan Koon published in 2016 in the United States and United Kingdom. It presents the personal account of Ron Miscavige's almost five decades in the Church of Scientology, the rise of his son David Miscavige to the church's top leadership role, his decision to leave the church, his escape in 2012, and the aftermath.
Etchingham Steam Band
The Etchingham Steam Band were a folk group formed by Ashley Hutchings and Shirley Collins in England in 1974 after the Albion Country Band had disbanded in late 1973.

They were named after the village of Etchingham in Sussex where Hutchings and Shirley Collins, his then wife, were living. The band's name was a reference to their acoustic nature, formed during a time of power cuts in the mid-1970s that caused problems for any band using electrical instruments or amplification.

Etchingham
East Sussex portal

Etchingham is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex in southern England. The village is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Royal Tunbridge Wells in Kent and 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Hastings, on the A265, half a mile west of its junction with the A21.

The most notable landmarks in Etchingham include the Etchingham railway station, the Etchingham CofE primary school and its local amenities, such as a post office and butchers. Etchingham railway station is on the Hastings Line to London Charing Cross and Cannon Street.
Ben pekuah
In Jewish law, a ben pekuah (Hebrew: בֵּן פְּקוּעָה) is an animal fetus removed alive from its mother, shortly after the mother was slaughtered in conformance with the rules of shechita (kosher slaughter). According to Jewish law, a ben pekuah may later be slaughtered for consumption without adhering to shechita.

Gid hanasheh
Gid Hanasheh (Hebrew: גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה Gīḏ hanNāše, literally "forgotten sinew", often translated as "displaced tendon") is the term for sciatic nerve in Judaism. It may not be eaten by Jews according to Halacha (Jewish Law). The laws regarding the prohibition of gid hanasheh are found in Tractate Chullin, chapter 7. From a medical and anatomical perspective, verse of Genesis (32:33) talks about the ligament of the head of the femur (round ligament of the femur, or ligamentum capitis femoris, or ligamentum teres femoris).
Submanifold
In mathematics, a submanifold of a manifold  is a subset  which itself has the structure of a manifold, and for which the inclusion map  satisfies certain properties. There are different types of submanifolds depending on exactly which properties are required. Different authors often have different definitions.

Immersion (mathematics)
In mathematics, an immersion is a differentiable function between differentiable manifolds whose differential pushforward is everywhere injective. Explicitly, f : M → N is an immersion if

is an injective function at every point p of M (where TpX denotes the tangent space of a manifold X at a point p in X and Dp f  is the derivative (pushforward) of the map f at point p). Equivalently, f is an immersion if its derivative has constant rank equal to the dimension of M:

The function f itself need not be injective, only its derivative must be.
Frederick Exley
Frederick Earl "Fred" Exley (March 28, 1929 – June 17, 1992) was an American writer. His fictional memoir A Fan's Notes received critical acclaim and awards. He followed it up with two more fictional memoirs.

Frank Gifford
Francis Newton Gifford (August 16, 1929 – August 9, 2015) was an American professional football player, actor, and television sports commentator. After a 12-year playing career as a halfback, flanker and safety for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL), he was a play-by-play announcer and commentator for 27 years on ABC's Monday Night Football.

Gifford won the NFL Most Valuable Player Award from United Press International (UPI) in 1956, the same season his team won the NFL Championship. During his career, he participated in five league championship games and was named to eight Pro Bowls. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1977. After retiring as a player Gifford was an Emmy Award-winning sportscaster, known for his work on ABC's Monday Night Football, Wide World of Sports, and the Olympics. He was married to television host Kathie Lee Gifford from 1986 until his death.
Mertendorf
Mertendorf (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛʁtn̩dɔʁf]) is a municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. On 1 January 2010 it absorbed the former municipalities Görschen and Löbitz (including Utenbach, absorbed on 31 December 2009). The municipality consists of the following Ortsteile (villages):

Utenbach
Utenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈuːtn̩bax]) is a village and a former municipality in the district Burgenlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Mertendorf.
Mardin
Mardin (Kurdish: مێردین, romanized: Mêrdîn; Arabic: ماردين, romanized: Mārdīn; Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ, romanized: Mardīn; Armenian: Մարդին) is a city and seat of the Artuklu District of Mardin Province in Turkey. It is known for the Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location on a rocky hill near the Tigris River.

In February 2000, the Turkish Ministry of Culture placed Mardin and its surrounding cultural landscape on the country’s Tentative List for UNESCO World Heritage nomination.

The city had a population of 129,864 in 2021. The population is a mix of Kurds, Arabs, Mhallami, and Assyrians.

Armenian Catholic Church
The Armenian Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic particular church sui iuris of the Catholic Church. It accepts the leadership of the bishop of Rome, and is therefore in full communion with the universal Catholic Church, including the Latin Church and the 22 other Eastern Catholic Churches. The Armenian Catholic Church is regulated by Eastern canon law, summed up in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

The head of the sui iuris Armenian Catholic Church is the Armenian Catholic patriarch of Cilicia, whose main cathedral and de facto archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator, in Beirut, Lebanon.

Armenian Caritas is the official aid organization of the Catholic Church in Armenia.
Chronicle of Fredegar
The Chronicle of Fredegar is the conventional title used for a 7th-century Frankish chronicle that was probably written in Burgundy. The author is unknown and the attribution to Fredegar dates only from the 16th century.

The chronicle begins with the creation of the world and ends in AD 642. There are also a few references to events up to 658. Some copies of the manuscript contain an abridged version of the chronicle up to the date of 642, but include additional sections written under the Carolingian dynasty that end with the death of Pepin the Short in 768. The Chronicle of Fredegar with its Continuations is one of the few sources that provide information on the Merovingian dynasty for the period after 591 when Gregory of Tours' the Decem Libri Historiarum finishes.

J. M. Wallace-Hadrill
John Michael Wallace-Hadrill CBE FBA FRHistS (29 September 1916 – 3 November 1985) was a British academic and one of the foremost historians of the early Merovingian period. He held the Chichele Chair in Modern History at the University of Oxford between 1974 and 1983.
Conner Preserve
Conner Preserve is a natural area in central Pasco County, Florida, preserved for water management since 2003. The landscape includes steep sandhill ridges, marshes, cypress sloughs and pine flatwoods and is "part of a wildlife habitat corridor envisioned by Pasco County and the Southwest Florida Water Management District that will eventually connect the Starkey Wilderness Preserve to the Cypress Creek Preserve, making a continuous corridor of several thousands of acres in this region." It is used recreationally for bicycling, horseback riding, hiking, camping, and model airplane flying. The park is located at 22500 on State Road 52 in Land o' Lakes, Florida. It is 2,980 acres (12.1 km2) and open from sunrise to sunset.

Land O' Lakes, Florida
Land O' Lakes is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida MSA. As of the 2020 US census, the CDP had a population of 35,929.
Louletano Desportos Clube (cycling)
Louletano Desportos Clube, currentely called Aviludo–Louletano–Loulé Concelho due to naming rights deals, is a Portuguese UCI Continental cycling team based in Loulé. Louletano Desportos Clube is the official, permanent name of the team which in turn is the cycling department of sports club Louletano Desportos Clube. The temporary naming rights of the team change according with new sponsorship deals on a season by season basis.

Louletano D.C.
Louletano Desportos Clube is a Portuguese club from Loulé, founded on 6 June 1923. The association football team currently play in the Campeonato Nacional de Seniores (Portuguese fourth level), D series.

The club plays at the Estádio Algarve, a stadium which it shared with Sporting Clube Farense between 2004 and 2013, when that club moved back to a renovated Estádio de São Luís. Some home matches are played at the Loulé Municipal Stadium.
Bergantino
Bergantino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Venice and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Rovigo.

Bergantino borders the following municipalities: Borgofranco sul Po, Carbonara di Po, Castelnovo Bariano, Cerea, Legnago, Melara.

Composer Stefano Gobatti was born in Bergantino.

Castelnovo Bariano
Castelnovo Bariano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 miles) southwest of Venice and about 40 kilometres (25 miles) west of Rovigo.

Castelnovo Bariano borders the following municipalities: Bergantino, Carbonara di Po, Castelmassa, Ceneselli, Giacciano con Baruchella, Legnago, Sermide e Felonica and Villa Bartolomea.
Latin Letters Office
The Latin Letters Office is a department of the Roman Curia's Secretariat of State of the Holy See in Vatican City. It is well known among modern-day Latinists as the place where documents of the Catholic Church are written in or translated into Latin.

Secretariat of State (Holy See)
The Secretariat of State (Latin: Secretaria Status; Italian: Segreteria di Stato) is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the central papal governing bureaucracy of the Catholic Church. It is headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State and performs all the political and diplomatic functions of the Holy See. The Secretariat is divided into three sections: the Section for General Affairs, the Section for Relations with States, and, since 2017, the Section for Diplomatic Staff.
Stockholm Interbank Offered Rate
Stockholm Interbank Offered Rate (STIBOR) is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the Swedish wholesale money market (or interbank market). STIBOR is the average (with the exception of the highest and lowest quotes) of the interest rates listed at 11 a.m.

Reference rate
A reference rate is a rate that determines pay-offs in a financial contract and that is outside the control of the parties to the contract. It is often some form of LIBOR rate, but it can take many forms, such as a consumer price index, a house price index or an unemployment rate.  Parties to the contract choose a reference rate that neither party has power to manipulate.
Kraljevo
Kraljevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Краљево, pronounced [krǎːʎɛʋɔ] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of the Raška District in central Serbia. It is situated on the confluence of West Morava and Ibar, in the geographical region of Šumadija, between the mountains of Kotlenik in the north, and Stolovi in the south.

In 2022, the city urban area has a population of 57,432 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 110,196 inhabitants. With an area of 1530 km2, it is the largest municipality (after Belgrade) in Serbia by area.

West Morava
The West Morava (Serbian: Западна Морава, romanized: Zapadna Morava, pronounced [zâːpadnaː mɔ̝̌rav̞a]) is a river in Central Serbia, a 184-km long headstream of the Great Morava, which it forms with the South Morava. It was known as Brongus in antiquity.
Trichloromethane sulfenyl chloride
Trichloromethane sulfenyl chloride or perchloromethyl mercaptan is the organosulfur compound with the formula Cl3C−S−Cl. It is mainly used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes and fungicides (captan, folpet). It is a colorless oil, although commercial samples are yellowish. It is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It has a foul, acrid odor. Perchloromethyl mercaptan is a common name. The systematic name is trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride, because the compound is a sulfenyl chloride, not a mercaptan.

Folpet
Folpet is the tradename for the organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO)2NSCCl3.  It is a fungicide derived from phthalimide (C6H4(CO)2N-) and trichloromethylsulfenyl chloride.  The compound is white although commercial samples can appear brownish.  It is structurally related to Captan, which is also a trichloromethylsulfenyl-containing fungicide.
Minister Plenipotentiary of Suriname
The Minister Plenipotentiary of Suriname (Dutch: Gevolmachtigde Minister van Suriname) represented the constituent country of Suriname in the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has existed from 1954 until the Independence of Suriname on 25 November 1975.

A significant difference between the Netherlands ministers and the Ministers Plenipotentiary is that the former ministers are accountable for their politics and policies to the Dutch parliament. The Ministers Plenipotentiary, however, are accountable to their national governments, which was the Estates of Suriname in case of Suriname. Therefore, the Ministers Plenipotentiary usually do not resign in the event of a Dutch cabinet crisis.

Minister Plenipotentiary (Netherlands)
A minister plenipotentiary (Dutch: gevolmachtigd minister) represents the government of one of the Caribbean constituent countries as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The minister is part of the government of that country, but resides in the Netherlands, where they are part of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.