hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis II of Brieg
Louis II of Brieg; (1380/85 – 30 May 1436), was a Duke of Brzeg (Brieg) from 1399 (until 1400 with his older brother as a co-ruler) and Duke of Legnica from 1413.

He was the second son of Henry VII with a Scar, Duke of Brzeg, but the eldest born by his second wife Margaret, daughter of Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia.

Henry VII of Brzeg
Henry VII with a Scar also known as the Courageous or of Brzeg (Polish: Henryk VII z Blizną,  Waleczny or brzeski; 1343/45 – 11 July 1399), was a Duke of Brzeg (Brieg) since 1361 (as co-regent of his father until 1398) and ruler of Niemcza since 1395.

He was the eldest son of Louis I the Fair, Duke of Brzeg by his wife Agnes, daughter of Henry IV of Głogów-Żagań. The death of his younger brother Wenceslaus in 1358 left him as the only male heir of his father.

In the almost contemporary "Kronice Legnickiej" Henry VII was assigned the term "z Blizną" (with a scar), which was adopted later by historians as a nickname. This term was maybe the result of the wounds on his face obtained under unknown circumstances (ca. 1373), where apparently he was near to death.
Mayor of Iloilo City
The mayor of Iloilo City (Hiligaynon: Alcalde sang Ciudad sang Iloilo) is the head of the executive branch of government in Iloilo City, in the Philippines. The mayor holds office at the Iloilo City Hall in Iloilo City Proper. The mayor can serve for three consecutive terms only, although they can be elected again after an interruption of one term.

The current mayor is Raisa Treñas, a member of the National Unity Party (NUP). She won the 2025 mayoral election against businessman Roland Magahin with 169,617 total votes.

Iloilo City Hall
The Iloilo City Hall is the official seat of government of the City of Iloilo, Philippines, located at Plaza Libertad, within the historic old downtown area in the City Proper district. It is where the Mayor of Iloilo City holds office and the chambers of the Iloilo City Council. It also hosts several offices under the Iloilo City Government. It replaced the old city hall, which now serves as the main building of the University of the Philippines Visayas (UPV) – Iloilo City Campus, in 2011.

Upon its opening, it was recognized as the first green building in the Visayas, featuring solar panels that reduced costs and carbon emissions, a landscaped roof deck with green plants, and an operational rainwater harvesting and recycling system.
Jihe Expressway
Jihe Expressway (simplified Chinese: 机荷高速公路; traditional Chinese: 機荷高速公路; pinyin: Jīhé Gāosù Gōnglù) is a 44.31-kilometre-long (27.53 mi) Chinese ring expressway that connects Bao'an International Airport and He'ao Community of Longgang District in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It connects to the Shenzhen-Shantou Expressway, Huizhou-Yantian Expressway, G205, Meilin-Guanlan Expressway, Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Zhuhai Expressway, G107, Guangzhou-Foshan Expressway, and the Foshan-Kaiyang Expressway.

Guangshen Expressway
Guangshen Expressway (simplified Chinese: 广深高速公路; traditional Chinese: 廣深高速公路; pinyin: Guǎngshēn Gāosùgōnglù), also known as the Guangshen Coastal Expressway is an expressway that connects the cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen in the Chinese province of Guangdong.

The expressway begins at Huangcun Bridge, north of Guangzhou City, and ends at the south of Shenzhen near Huanggang, where it connects with the northern section of Guangzhou City Expressway. It is a two-way six-lane highway 33.1 metres wide equipped with street lighting, with a length of 122.8 km and a speed limit of 120 km/h. It was designed for traffic volume of up to 60,000 vehicles per day. In 2012, data showed that the average daily traffic volume reached 400,000 vehicles.
Little Hawkeye Conference
The Little Hawkeye Conference is a high school athletic conference in central Iowa.

The conference consists of seven schools, with three of them in Class 3A (Newton, Oskaloosa and Pella) and three others in Class 4A (Dallas Center-Grimes, Indianola and Norwalk), with the seventh member, Pella Christian, being a Class 2A school.

Raccoon River Conference
The Raccoon River Conference is a nine team high school athletic league in central Iowa. Made up of mid-sized school districts located mostly west of Des Moines, all schools in the conference are currently 3A schools, the second largest class of schools in Iowa.
Blancdieu Hirosaki FC
Blancdieu Hirosaki FC (ブランデュー弘前FC, Burande~yū Hirosaki Efu Shi) is a football club team based in Hirosaki, Aomori. They currently play in Tohoku Soccer League, which part of Japanese Regional Leagues. It was founded in 2012 and aims to be a future J. League member.

Hirosaki
Hirosaki (弘前市, Hirosaki-shi) is a city located in western Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2026, the city had an estimated population of 157,031 in 84,998 households, and a population density of 300 per square kilometre (780/sq mi). The total area of the city is 524.20 square kilometers (202.39 sq mi).

Hirosaki developed as a castle town for the 100,000 koku Hirosaki Domain ruled by the Tsugaru clan. The city is currently a regional commercial center, and the largest producer of apples in Japan.  The city government has been promoting the slogans "Apple Colored Town Hirosaki" and "Castle and Cherry Blossom and Apple Town" to promote the city image. The town is also noted for many western-style buildings dating from the Meiji period.
Pipit
The pipits are a cosmopolitan genus, Anthus, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Along with the wagtails and longclaws, the pipits make up the family Motacillidae. The genus is widespread, occurring across most of the world, except the driest deserts, rainforest and the mainland of Antarctica.

They are slender, often drab, ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Like their relatives in the family, the pipits are monogamous and territorial. Pipits are ground nesters, laying up to six speckled eggs.

Paddyfield pipit
The paddyfield pipit or Oriental pipit (Anthus rufulus) is a small passerine bird in the pipit and wagtail family. It is a resident (non-migratory) breeder in open scrub, grassland and cultivation in southern Asia east to the Philippines. Although among the few breeding pipits in the Asian region, identification becomes difficult in winter when several other species migrate into the region. The taxonomy of the species is complex and has undergone considerable changes.
Far East Strategic Reserve
The British Commonwealth Far East Strategic Reserve (commonly referred to as the Far East Strategic Reserve or the FESR) was a joint military force of the British, Australian, and New Zealand armed forces. Created in the 1950s and based in Malaya, the FESR was conceived as a forward defence point for Australia and New Zealand, while protecting Commonwealth interests in the Southeast Asian region from both internal and external communist threats. The FESR was made up of an infantry brigade and an aircraft carrier group, supported by squadrons of aircraft.

Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment
The Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment is the parent administrative regiment and corps of regular and reserve infantry battalions  in the New Zealand Army. It was originally formed in 1947 with a singular Regular regiment and multiple reserve regiments. Over time, the regiments were turned into battalions, the reserve units amalgamated and more regular units raised and disbanded. Currently, the Regiment currently consists of two regular and three reserve battalions. Throughout its existence, units raised in this regiment have served and deployed on operations in Malaya, Vietnam, Borneo and various United Nations peacekeeping operations.
Aristide Leonori
Aristide Leonori (28 July 1856 – 30 July 1928) was an Italian architect and engineer. He worked mostly on religious buildings in Italy, the United States, and Africa. He had a variety of styles in which he worked.

Franciscan Monastery of the Holy Land in America
The Franciscan Monastery of the Holy Land in America is a Franciscan complex at 14th and Quincy Streets in the Brookland neighborhood of Northeast Washington, D.C.  Located on a hill called Mount Saint Sepulcher, and anchored by the Memorial Church of the Holy Sepulcher, it includes gardens, replicas of various shrines throughout Palestine, a replica of the catacombs in Rome, an archive, a library, as well as bones of Saint Benignus of Armagh, brought from the Roman catacombs and originally in the cathedral of Narni, Italy.
Üçtepe Höyük
Üçtepe Höyük is an ancient Near East archaeological site in Diyarbakır Province, Turkey about 40 kilometers southeast of the modern city of Diyarbakır and about 10 kilometers southwest of modern Bismil. The village of Üçtepe is nearby. It was occupied from the Late Early Bronze Age until the Roman period and is notable as the discovery location of the Kurkh Monoliths. The ancient site of Ziyaret Tepe lies 22 kilometers to the west. Other archaeological sites in the area include Pir Hüseyin, Kenan Tepe, Hirbemerdon Tepe, Salat Tepe, Giricano, and Sahin Tepe (Müslüman Tepe).

Kenan Tepe
Kenan Tepe is an ancient Near East archaeological site located within the Diyarbakır Province in the Ilisu dam upper Tigris River region in the southeast of modern Turkey near the borders of modern Syria and Iraq, about 12 kilometers east of the modern town of Bismil and on the north bank of the Tigris river. It lies 15 kilometers to the northeast of the site of Ziyaret Tepe and 12 kilometers to the west of Salat Tepe. The site was one of several examined by the Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project in preparation for flooding resulting from the construction of the Ilisu Dam, including Boztepe and Talavas Tepe.
Boxford Roman mosaic
Boxford Roman mosaic is a mosaic at Boxford, West Berkshire, England, discovered during an archaeological dig in August 2017. It dates from the Roman period. The 4th century (AD) mosaic is over 6 metres (20 ft) long. Its central panel is thought to show Bellerophon, at the court of either Iobates or Proteus, battling Chimera.

Anthony Beeson, an expert on Roman mosaics, said it is "without question the most exciting mosaic discovery made in Britain in the last 50 years and must take a premier place amongst those Romano-British works of art that have come down to modern Britons."

Boxford, Berkshire
Boxford is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of West Berkshire, England. The village is on the east bank of the River Lambourn, about 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Newbury but south of the M4 motorway. The hamlet of Westbrook is on the opposite bank of the Berkshire Downs tributary.
Bull Gamma 3
The Gamma 3 was an early electronic vacuum-tube computer. It was designed by Compagnie des Machines Bull in Paris, France and released in 1952.

Originally designed as an electronic accelerator for electromechanical tabulating machines, similar to the IBM 604, it was gradually enhanced with new features and evolved into a first-generation stored program computer (Gamma AET, 1955, then ET, 1957). In its stored-program configurations, the Gamma 3 mostly competed with the IBM 650.

Over the course of its ten-year availability, this machine facilitated the transition from electromechanical unit records equipment to computers. The Gamma 3 was a commercial success, eventually selling more than 1200 units and prompting IBM to release the 1401 as a competitor.

The Gamma 3 was succeeded by the lower-end Gamma 10, the mid-range Gamma 30, and the large, high-end Gamma 60 mainframe.

Société d'électronique et d'automatisme
The Société d'électronique et d'automatisme (SEA) was an early French computer manufacturer established in 1947 by electrical engineer François-Henri Raymond, which designed and put into operation a significant portion of the first computers in France during the 1950s.

The SEA played a major role in driving the development of the French computer industry, training the first generation of engineers and installing about 170 computers between 1955 and its dissolution in 1966, when it merged with CII.
Duan Liao
Duan Liao (段遼) (died 339), also known as Duan Huliao (段護遼), was a Xianbei chieftain of the Duan tribe during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of China. He was the last chieftain of the Duan state before it was conquered in 338. Duan Liao launched a number of attacks against the Duke of Liaodong and later Prince of Former Yan, Murong Huang after civil war erupted between Huang and his brother, Murong Ren. Duan Liao met with repeated failures, and in 338, Murong Huang and Shi Hu of Later Zhao formed an alliance for a joint campaign against the Duans which resulted in the destruction of their state. Duan Liao surrendered to Murong Huang, but later rebelled and was killed in 339. Although the Duan tribe's state was destroyed, they remained an important family throughout the period through their marriages with the Murongs.

Murong Huang
Murong Huang (Chinese: 慕容皝; 297 – 25 October 348), courtesy name Yuanzhen (元真), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Wenming of Former Yan (前燕文明帝), was the founding monarch of the Xianbei-led Former Yan dynasty of China. When he first succeeded his father Murong Hui in 333, he carried the Eastern Jin-bestowed title Duke of Liaodong, but in 337 claimed the title of Prince of Yan, which is traditionally viewed as the founding date of Former Yan. (Emperor Cheng of Jin retroactively recognized Murong Huang's princely title in 341 after much debate among Eastern Jin officials.) After his son Murong Jun completely broke away from the Eastern Jin and claimed the title of emperor in January 353, he was posthumously elevated to imperial status. In the Book of Jin, Murong Huang was described as a strong looking tall man (approximately 1.91 metres (6.3 ft)).
Lee Marmon
Leland Howard Marmon (September 20, 1925 – March 31, 2021) was a Native American photographer and author. Marmon is known for his black-and-white portraits of tribal elders.

Marmon's works have appeared in galleries, books, and magazines, including The New York Times, The Saturday Evening Post, and Time. His works were also featured in the Peabody Award-winning PBS series, "Surviving Columbus". A collection of Marmon's best-known works are featured in his award-winning 2004 book, "The Pueblo Imagination", which he wrote in collaboration with poets Joy Harjo and Simon Ortiz, and his oldest daughter, novelist Leslie Marmon Silko.

Leslie Marmon Silko
Leslie Marmon Silko (born Leslie Marmon; born March 5, 1948) is an American writer. A woman of Laguna Pueblo descent, she is one of the key figures in the First Wave of what literary critic Kenneth Lincoln has called the Native American Renaissance.

Silko was a debut recipient of the MacArthur Foundation Grant in 1981, the Native Writers' Circle of the Americas Lifetime Achievement Award in 1994 and the Robert Kirsch Award in 2020. She currently resides in Tucson, Arizona.
Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama
Kanazawa-ku (金沢区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 209,565 and a density of 6,760 persons per km². The total area was 31.01 km2 (11.97 sq mi). The ward symbol, established 1987, expresses the image of sea, waves, and a sea gull.

Isogo-ku, Yokohama
Isogo-ku (磯子区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward has an estimated population of 163,406 and a population density of 8,520 persons per km2. The total area is 19.17 km2.
Mount Moriya
Mount Moriya (Bulgarian: връх Мория, romanized: vrah Moriya, IPA: [ˈvrɤx moˈrijɐ]) is the rounded, ice-covered peak rising to 1634 m in Lovech Heights on Nordenskjöld Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It is surmounting Rogosh Glacier to the south and northwest, Zlokuchene Glacier to the east-northeast, and Risimina Glacier to the southeast.

The feature is named after the medieval fortress of Moriya in western Bulgaria.

Risimina Glacier
Risimina Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Рисимина, romanized: lednik Risimina, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik risiˈminɐ]) is the 10 km long and 4.5 km wide glacier in Lovech Heights on Nordenskjöld Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica situated south of Zlokuchene Glacier and north of the lower course of Rogosh Glacier.  It is draining the southeast slopes of Mount Moriya, and flowing east-southeastwards to enter Weddell Sea west of Pedersen Nunatak.

The feature is named after Risimina Cave in northwestern Bulgaria.
Cambodia national football team
The Cambodia national football team (Khmer: ក្រុមបាល់ទាត់ជម្រើសជាតិកម្ពុជា, Krŏm Băltoăt Chômreus Chéatĕ Kâmpŭchéa) is the men's national football team that represents Cambodia in association football. It is affiliated with the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF). The team was founded in 1954 and is administered by the Football Federation of Cambodia (FFC).

Hong Kong national football team
The Hong Kong representation football team (Chinese: 香港足球代表隊; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng jūkkàuh doihbíu deuih; recognised as Hong Kong, China by FIFA) represents Hong Kong in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Hong Kong, China, the governing body for football in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong hosted the first AFC Asian Cup in 1956 and won third place, also reaching the semifinals in 1964. Hong Kong did not qualify for another AFC tournament until 2023. They had never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have qualified for the EAFF E-1 Football Championship five times, in 2003, 2010, 2019, 2022 and 2025.
Ultraframe
Ultraframe (UK) Ltd is a Clitheroe, Lancashire, based roofing products manufacturer. Ultraframe also use independent third party accreditation and testing agencies such as Wintech, Exova (Warringtonfire) and the British Board of Agrément. Ultraframe's conservatory roofing system carries a 25-year BBA (British Board of Agrement) life expectancy certificate and was the first in the industry to hold this accreditation.

Clitheroe
Clitheroe (/ˈklɪðəroʊ/) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England; it is located 34 miles (55 km) north-west of Manchester. It is near the Forest of Bowland and is often used as a base for tourists visiting the area. In 2018, the Clitheroe built-up area had an estimated population of 16,279.

The town was listed in the 2017 The Sunday Times report on the best places to live in Northern England, while the wider Ribble Valley, of which Clitheroe is the most populous settlement, was listed in the 2018 and 2024 Sunday Times report on the best places to live. Clitheroe and the wider Ribble Valley have also been listed as healthiest and happiest place to live in the United Kingdom.

The town's most notable building is Clitheroe Castle, which is one of the smallest Norman keeps in Great Britain. Several manufacturing companies have sites here, including Dugdale Nutrition, Hanson Cement, Johnson Matthey and Tarmac.
Neuenfelde
Neuenfelde (German pronunciation: [nɔʏənˈfɛldə] ⓘ) is a rural quarter located in the borough Harburg of Hamburg, Germany near the Lower Saxony border. The quarter is well known for its quality of fruit and unique houses, many of which prove to be popular attractions for tourists passing through, it belongs to the Altes Land region and is quite known for the cherry and apple tree blossom. In 2020 the population was 4,883.

Harburg, Hamburg
Harburg (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɐ̯bʊʁk] ⓘ) is a borough of the city of Hamburg, Germany. It is also the name of Harburg quarter in the borough, which used to be the capital of the Harburg district in Lower Saxony. The borough of Harburg lies on the southern banks of the river Elbe and covers parts of the port of Hamburg as well as residential and rural areas. It had a population of 169,221 as of 2020.
Biomass (satellite)
Biomass is an Earth observing satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA) launched in 2025. The mission is intended to provide the first comprehensive measurements of global forest biomass and is expected to significantly improve the understanding of carbon storage, forest health, and temporal changes of forest ecosystems. It is meant to last for five years, monitoring at least eight growth cycles in the world's forests.

FutureEO
FutureEO (formerly Living Planet Programme) is a Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) managed by the Earth Observation Programmes Directorate.
FutureEO supports preparation and development of series of Earth observation satellite missions including the established Earth Explorers, the smaller agile Scout missions, as well as CubeSat-type Φ-sats.
Surtees Society
The Surtees Society is a text publication society and registered charity (No. 1003812) based in Durham in northern England. The society was established on 27 May 1834 by James Raine, following the death (on 11 February) of the renowned County Durham antiquarian Robert Surtees. Raine and other former friends of Surtees created the society to honour his memory and carry on his legacy, with the focus on publishing documents relating to the region between the Humber estuary and Firth of Forth in the east and the River Mersey and the River Clyde in the west, the region that had once constituted the kingdom of Northumbria. Membership of the Society is by annual subscription (currently £50). Members receive the book published for the year of subscription.

H. S. Offler
Hilary Seton Offler, FBA (3 February 1913 – 24 January 1991) was an English historian and editor. The Professor of Medieval History at Durham University from 1956 to 1978, he was an expert on medieval German history and the political works of William of Ockham (which he edited for publication).
Capital Cost Allowance
Capital Cost Allowance (CCA) is the means by which Canadian businesses may claim depreciation expense for calculating taxable income under the Income Tax Act. Similar allowances are in effect for calculating taxable income for provincial purposes.

Taxation in Canada
Taxation in Canada involves the collection of taxes at each level of government, including federally, provincially and territorially, and locally. The collection of taxes at the federal and provincial and territorial levels are mainly adminstered on behalf of the federal government through the Canada Revenue Agency, excluding Quebec where Revenu Québec administers the collection of provincial tax. Taxes are levied on various income sources, including income, payroll, property, sales, capital gains, dividends, imports, among others; various fees are additionally imposed. As of 2024, taxes collected at the federal, provincial and territorial, and local levels of government amounted to 34.9% of the country's total GDP, above the OECD average of 34.1% of GDP.

The tax policy of Canada is based on the progressive model of taxation, with individuals and businesses paying a higher percentage of tax as the amount of income earned increases.
Truncated tetrahedron
In geometry, the truncated tetrahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 4 regular hexagonal faces, 4 equilateral triangle faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges (of two types). It can be constructed by truncating all 4 vertices of a regular tetrahedron.

Triakis truncated tetrahedron
In geometry, the triakis truncated tetrahedron is a convex polyhedron made from 4 hexagons and 12 isosceles triangles. It can be used to tessellate three-dimensional space, making the triakis truncated tetrahedral honeycomb.

The triakis truncated tetrahedron is the shape of the Voronoi cell of the carbon atoms in diamond, which lie on the diamond cubic crystal structure. As the Voronoi cell of a symmetric space pattern, it is a plesiohedron.