hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Leros
The Battle of Leros was a combat over the Greek island of Leros between the  Allies defending it and invading forces of Nazi Germany waged between 26 September and 16 November 1943. Regarded as the central event of the Dodecanese campaign of the Second World War, the term is widely used as an alternative name for the whole campaign. After the Armistice of Cassibile the Italian garrison on the Greek island Leros was strengthened by British forces on 15 September 1943. The battle began with German air attacks, continued with the landings on 12 November, and ended with the capitulation of the Allied forces four days later.

King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)
The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army. It served under various titles and fought in many wars and conflicts, including both the First and the Second World Wars, from 1680 to 1959. In 1959, the regiment was amalgamated with the Border Regiment to form the King's Own Royal Border Regiment.

Previous names include the 2nd Tangier Regiment, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of York and Albany's Regiment of Foot, The Queen's Regiment of Foot, and The King's Own Regiment.
Fisciano
Fisciano is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. It is dominated by the University of Salerno, which built a new campus in the town in 1988.

The municipality borders with Baronissi, Calvanico, Castiglione del Genovesi, Giffoni Sei Casali, Mercato San Severino and Montoro.

Mercato San Severino
Mercato San Severino (Sanseverinese: Sanzuverin') is a town and comune of the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-west Italy.

Mercato San Severino shares borders with the municipalities of Baronissi, Bracigliano, Castel San Giorgio, Cava de' Tirreni, Fisciano, Montoro, Roccapiemonte and Siano.
Congressional Taiwan Caucus
The Congressional Taiwan Caucus is a Congressional Member Organization in the United States Congress with 114 members. The caucus focuses exclusively on improving US–Taiwan relations.

Its counterpart in the Senate is the Senate Taiwan Caucus.

Gerry Connolly
Gerald Edward Connolly (March 30, 1950 – May 21, 2025) was an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Virginia's 11th congressional district from 2009 until his death in 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he was first elected in 2008 to replace retiring Republican incumbent Tom Davis, who did not seek re-election and later resigned shortly after the election. The 11th district is situated in the suburbs of Northern Virginia. It is anchored in the affluent Fairfax County, where Connolly served on the county's board of supervisors before his election to Congress, and also includes the entirety of Fairfax City.

In April 2025, Connolly announced that he would not seek re-election in 2026 citing health concerns. He died in office on May 21, 2025, following treatment for esophageal cancer.
Miss Thailand International
The Miss Thailand International (Thai: มิสอินเตอร์เนชันแนลไทยแลนด์) is a beauty pageant held every year since 2015, with winners competing in the Miss International, one of the Big Four major international beauty pageants. Accordingly, Miss International Thailand is not related to the previous franchises of Miss Thailand or Miss Thailand World or Miss Universe Thailand.

Miss Universe Thailand
Miss Universe Thailand (formerly known as Miss Thailand Universe) is a beauty pageant that has been held annually since 2000 to select Thailand's representative to the Miss Universe pageant. The competition is a continuation of the Miss Thailand pageant which had selected Thailand's representative to the Miss Universe pageant from 1954 up until 1999.

The current titleholder is Praveenar Singh of Saraburi, who was crowned on August 23, 2025, at the MGI Hall in Bangkok by Miss Universe 2005, Natalie Glebova.
Makuburi
Makuburi (Kata ya Makuburi, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Ubungo District of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Ubungo borders the ward on its northern side. The ward is bordered by Mabibo to the east. Kimanga and Tabata of Ilala MC are to the south. Kimara ward is to the west. The ward is home to the Benjamin Mkapa Export Processing Zone and the largest Tanzanian Army Base in Ubungo District. The ward is also the headquarters of the Tanzania Medicine and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 57,408.

Kimanga
Kimanga (Kata ya Kimanga, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward of the Ilala Municipical Council of  the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. The wards of Ubungo MC are bordered to the north by the wards of Makuburi and Kimara. The ward is bordered by Segerea to the south and Tabata to the east. Kinyerezi borders the ward on its western side. According to the 2022 census, the ward has a total population of 50,340.
Sardinian–Catalan war
The Sardinian–Catalan war or Sardinian–Aragonese war was a late medieval conflict lasting from 1353 to 1420. The fight was over supremacy of the land and took place between the Judicate of Arborea, allied with the Sardinian branch of the Doria family and Genoa, and the Kingdom of Sardinia, the latter of which had been part of the Crown of Aragon since 1324. The conflict also included a systematic policy of persecution, mass murder and forced denationalization and assimilation, examples of which being the destruction of the villages of Aryagono and Rebeccu and the Alghero Massacre, perpetrated against the Sardinian population at the hands of King James I of Aragon, which according to the internationally recognized definition can be qualified as a genocide.

Judicate of Arborea
The Judicate of Arborea (Sardinian: Judicadu de Arbaree; Italian: Giudicato di Arborea; Latin: Iudicatus Arborensis) or the Kingdom of Arborea (Sardinian: Rennu de Arbaree; Italian: Regno di Arborea; Latin: Regnum Arborensis) was one of the four independent judicates into which the island of Sardinia was divided in the Middle Ages. It occupied the central-west portion of the island, wedged between Logudoro to the north and east, Cagliari to the south and east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. To the northeast of Logudoro was Gallura, with which Arborea had far less interaction. Arborea outlasted her neighbours, surviving well into the 15th century. At its greatest territorial extent it occupied the entire island except the cities of Alghero and Cagliari. The earliest known judicial seat was Tharros, though Oristano served as capital for most of its existence.
Dalcerina
Dalcerina tijucana is a moth in the family Dalceridae, and the only species in the genus Dalcerina. It was described by Schaus in 1892. It is found in Panama, eastern Peru, Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina.

The length of the forewings is 14–20 mm for males and 20–24 mm for females.

The larvae feed on Citrus sinensis, Eucalyptus saligna and Ouratea species.

Dalceridae
The Dalceridae are a small family of zygaenoid moths with some 80 known species encompassing about one dozen genera mostly found in the Neotropical region with a few reaching the far south of the Nearctic region.

These are generally small or medium-sized moths with very hairy bodies. The larvae are rather slug-like and, along with the larvae of the sister taxa Limacodidae and Megalopygidae, are often known as slug caterpillars. More specifically, they are also called jewel caterpillars due to the colorful bead-like gelatinous mass covering the exoskeleton of many species.

Female Dalceridae have "accessory glands" that apply a rapidly drying liquid to the eggs. The function of the liquid is unknown but it is theorized that it may provide strength to eggs, help glue the eggs in place, or offer protection from egg parasites.
Stord Church
Stord Church (Norwegian: Stord kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the town of Leirvik on the southern side of the island of Stord. It is the church for the Stord parish which is part of the Sunnhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, stone church was built in a long church design in 1857 using plans drawn up by the architects Andreas Grønning and Frederik Hannibal Stockfleth. The church seats about 400 people.

Stord (island)
Stord is an island in Vestland county, Norway. Located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland, the island is divided between Stord Municipality (southern part) and Fitjar Municipality (northern part). The largest settlements on the island are the town of Stord (granted town status in 1997) and the villages of Sagvåg and Fitjar.
Human milk oligosaccharide
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), also known as human milk glycans, are short polymers of simple sugars that can be found in high concentrations in human breast milk. Human milk oligosaccharides promote the development of the immune system, can reduce the risk of pathogen infections and improve brain development and cognition. The HMO profile of human breast milk shapes the gut microbiota of the infant by selectively stimulating bifidobacteria and other bacteria.

Breast milk
Breast milk (sometimes spelled as breastmilk) or mother's milk is milk produced by the mammary glands in the breasts of women. Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborn infants, comprising fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and a varying composition of minerals and vitamins. Breast milk also contains substances that help protect an infant against infection and inflammation, such as symbiotic bacteria and other microorganisms and immunoglobulin A, whilst also contributing to the healthy development of the infant's immune system and gut microbiome.
Orangeburg, New York
Orangeburg is a hamlet and census-designated place, in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of Tappan, south of Blauvelt, east of Pearl River and west of Piermont. The population was 4,568 at the 2010 census.

Rockland Psychiatric Center
The Rockland Psychiatric Center, originally Rockland State Hospital, in Orangeburg, New York, is a psychiatric facility for adults operated by the New York State Office of Mental Health. It offers in-patient and transitional treatment for adults, as well as research facilities. There are 13 outpatient facilities and 11 residential programs in the four surrounding counties. The facility shares space with the co-located Nathan Kline Institute. The inpatient treatment center has 410 beds. The current hospital replaces an older hospital on the same 615-acre (249 ha) site.
Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana
Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana, known as slender bog club-moss, is a species of lycophyte in the family Lycopodiaceae. The genus Pseudolycopodiella is accepted in the Flora of North America and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not in other classifications, which submerge the genus in Lycopodiella. The species has a discontinuous distribution, being native to the eastern United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia) and to parts of eastern Asia (Sri Lanka, Southeast China, Peninsula Malaysia and Japan).

Lycopodiella
Lycopodiella is a genus in the clubmoss family Lycopodiaceae. The genus members are commonly called bog clubmosses, describing their wetland habitat. In the past, the genus was often incorporated within the related genus Lycopodium, but was segregated in 1964. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Lycopodiella is placed in the subfamily Lycopodielloideae, along with three other genera. In this circumscription, the genus has about 15 species. Other sources use a wider circumscription, in which the genus is equivalent to the Lycopodielloideae of PPG I, in which case about 40 species and hybrids are accepted. Narrowly circumscribed, the genus has a circumboreal distribution, extending south in the Americas throughout tropical South America.
Philadelphia Gay News
Philadelphia Gay News (PGN) is an LGBT newspaper in the Philadelphia area. The publication was founded in 1976 by Mark Segal.

PGN is the oldest LGBT publication founded as a weekly publication in the United States. PGN is a member of the National Gay Newspaper Guild.

Mark Segal
Mark Allan Segal (born 1951) is an American social activist and author. He participated in the Stonewall riots and was one of the original founders of the Gay Liberation Front where he created its Gay Youth program. He was the founder and former president of the National Gay Newspaper Guild and founded the Philadelphia Gay News. He has won numerous journalism awards for his column "Mark my Works," including best column by The National Newspaper Association, Suburban Newspaper Association and The Society of Professional Journalists.
Warner Robins High School
Warner Robins High School is a high school in Warner Robins, Georgia, United States. It was established in 1944 and enrolls approximately 1,690 students.

The mascot, the Demon, was originally adopted during World War II in honor of the 7th Fighter Squadron at Robins Air Force Base which earned the title "the Screamin' Demons" in the South Pacific.

The temporary lodging facility on the base is assigned to this school.

Warner Robins, Georgia
Warner Robins (WRB; typically /ˈwɑːrnɜːr ˈrɑːbənz/ wore-nur-RAW-bins) is a city in Houston and Peach Counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the state's 11th-largest incorporated city, with a population of 85,830 according to the World Population Review.

The city is the main component of the Warner Robins metropolitan statistical area, including Houston, Peach, and Pulaski Counties, which had a census population of 201,469 in 2020. It is a component of the Macon–Warner Robins–Fort Valley combined statistical area, with an estimated 2018 population of 423,572. Robins Air Force Base, a U.S. Air Force maintenance and logistics complex that was founded as the Warner Robins Air Depot in 1942, is located east of the city limits. The base's expansion and the suburbanization of nearby Macon have led to the city's growth in the post-World War II era.
Coenzyme M
Coenzyme M is a coenzyme required for methyl-transfer reactions in the metabolism of archaeal methanogens, and in the metabolism of other substrates in bacteria. It is also a necessary cofactor in the metabolic pathway of alkene-oxidizing bacteria. CoM helps eliminate the toxic epoxides formed from the oxidation of alkenes such as propylene. The structure of this coenzyme was discovered by CD Taylor and RS Wolfe in 1974 while they were studying methanogenesis, the process by which carbon dioxide is transformed into methane in some archaea. The coenzyme is an anion with the formula HSCH2CH2SO−3.  It is named 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate and abbreviated HS–CoM.  The cation is unimportant, but the sodium salt is most available.  Mercaptoethanesulfonate contains both a thiol, which is the main site of reactivity, and a sulfonate group, which confers solubility in aqueous media.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan
The 2002 congressional elections in Michigan were held on November 5, 2002, to determine who would represent the state of Michigan in the United States House of Representatives. Michigan had fifteen seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census, causing it to lose a seat from the previous election when it had sixteen seats. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.

Michigan was one of six states in which the party that won the state's popular vote did not win a majority of seats in 2002, the other states being Connecticut, Illinois, New Mexico, Texas, and Tennessee.

2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
The 2002 congressional elections in Tennessee was held on November 5, 2002, to determine who will represent the state of Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives.

These elections were the first under Tennessee's new congressional map after redistricting was completed by the state government. Following the 2002 elections, while the Republican Party won a larger share of the statewide popular vote, Democratic nominee Lincoln Davis flipped the 4th congressional district, which was previously represented by Republican Van Hilleary. This flipped the Tennessee delegation to a 5–4 Democratic majority.

Tennessee was one of six states in which the party that won the state's popular vote did not win a majority of seats in 2002, the other states being Connecticut, Illinois, Michigan, New Mexico, and Texas.
Streaker (dinghy)
The Streaker is a type of sailing dinghy designed in 1975 by Jack Holt. It is a light (minimum weight only 48  kg) one-person boat with a uni-rig stayed sail plan. It is sailed mainly in the Britain and the Philippines, and over 2200 have been built. Initially, all boats were built of plywood, but since 1998 fibreglass and fibreglass variants have been used; now, over half of new boats are of fibreglass or composite (fibreglass and wood) construction.

The hull design is a double chine hull with little freeboard. The boat incorporates an unconventional raking daggerboard. Recent developments have included a smaller sail, known as the 'Wave Sail,' for use by lighter crews or in strong winds.

Jack Holt (dinghy designer)
Jack Holt, OBE (8 April 1912 – 14 November 1995) was a prolific designer of sailing dinghies. His  pioneering designs of dinghies using plywood did much to popularise the sport of sailing in the period immediately following World War II.

Born near the River Thames in Hammersmith, London, Holt designed more than 40 boats, many of which are listed below. He worked for many years with fellow sailing enthusiast and businessman Beecher Moore.

Jack Holt was awarded an OBE in 1979 for his services to sailing.
Fractal compression
Fractal compression is a lossy compression method for digital images, based on fractals. The method is best suited for textures and natural images, relying on the fact that parts of an image often resemble other parts of the same image. Fractal algorithms convert these parts into mathematical data called "fractal codes" which are used to recreate the encoded image.

Iterated function system
In mathematics, iterated function systems (IFSs) are a method of constructing fractals; the resulting fractals are often self-similar. IFS fractals are more related to set theory than fractal geometry. They were introduced in 1981.

IFS fractals, as they are normally called, can be of any number of dimensions, but are commonly computed and drawn in 2D. The fractal is made up of the union of several copies of itself, each copy being transformed by a function (hence "function system"). The canonical example is the Sierpiński triangle. The functions are normally contractive, which means they bring points closer together and make shapes smaller. Hence, the shape of an IFS fractal is made up of several possibly-overlapping smaller copies of itself, each of which is also made up of copies of itself, ad infinitum. This is the source of its self-similar fractal nature.
Ludington Public Library
The Ludington Public Library is one of the two branches of the Mason County District Library administrative system. This library, as the main branch, is located in downtown Ludington, in Mason County in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The library started in 1872.

The Pere Marquette Literary Club helped in the formation of a permanent city library. They took financial support from Andrew Carnegie to construct the library building, which opened in 1906. The building has since had major expansions and is still operational.

The library has metal allegorical sculptures at various parts of its surrounding property.

Ludington, Michigan
Ludington (/ˈlʌdɪŋtən/ LUH-ding-tən) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat and the largest city in Mason County. The population was 7,655 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth largest city in the northern Michigan area.

The city is located at the mouth of the Pere Marquette River at Lake Michigan. Nearby are Ludington State Park (which includes the Big Sable Point Light), Nordhouse Dunes Wilderness, and Manistee National Forest, making the area a popular tourist destination in the summer. Ludington is the home port of the SS Badger, a vehicle and passenger ferry with daily service in the summer across Lake Michigan to Manitowoc, Wisconsin.
Lê Văn Kim
Lieutenant General Lê Văn Kim (1918 – 28 March 1987) was a general of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. He, his brother-in-law General Trần Văn Đôn, and General Dương Văn Minh, organised the 1963 South Vietnamese coup which toppled President Ngô Đình Diệm and ended in the assassinations of Diệm and his brother, Ngô Đình Nhu.

Trần Văn Đôn
Trần Văn Đôn (Vietnamese pronunciation: [t͡ɕən˨˩ van˧˧ ʔɗon˧˧]; August 17, 1917 – 1998) was a general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and one of the principal figures in the 1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état which overthrew President Ngô Đình Diệm.
Crown Princess Märtha
Crown Princess Märtha is a bronze statue of Crown Princess Märtha of Norway, by Kirsten Kokkin.

It is located at the Norwegian residence at Massachusetts Avenue and 34th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. It was unveiled 18 September 2005.
A copy at Palace Park Oslo, was unveiled by King Harald V of Norway on 21 February 2007, on his 70th birthday. A third specimen was unveiled at the Norwegian Church in Stockholm on 30 October 2008.

Embassy of Norway, Washington, D.C.
The Embassy of Norway in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of the Kingdom of Norway to the United States.

It is presently located at 2720 34th St., NW, Washington DC 20008. The embassy in Washington, D.C. is Norway's largest, with a staff of approximately 50, including representatives from a number of Norwegian ministries.

The Ambassador is Anniken Huitfeldt.
Nicholas Hill (priest)
Christianity portal

Nicholas Hill (priest) was Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1428 until 1457, having previously been Archdeacon of Dublin, and vicar of Balrothery, County Dublin.

In 1442 he was summoned before the Privy Council of Ireland, to testify as to allegations of serious misconduct against Richard Talbot, Archbishop of Dublin.

Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
The Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral is the senior cleric of the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, elected by the chapter of the cathedral. The office was created in 1219 or 1220, by one of several charters granted to the cathedral by Archbishop Henry de Loundres between 1218 and 1220.

For centuries, the Dean of St. Patrick's was the only dean in Dublin and documents of those years often refer to him as the "Dean of Dublin" – but from around 1539 there was also the office of "Dean of Christ Church Cathedral", which had been a priory, headed by a prior and canons.