hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kingdom of Western Georgia
The Kingdom of Western Georgia (Georgian: დასავლეთ საქართველოს სამეფო, romanized: dasavlet sakartvelos samepo) was a late medieval de facto independent fragmented part of the Kingdom of Georgia that emerged during the Mongol invasions of the realm, led by King David VI Narin in 1259 and later followed by his successors. During this period, the kingdom was reduced to the eastern part of the country and placed under Mongol control. Over the decades, the monarchy would fall into chaos and transform into a federation of autonomous principalities unruly of the central or regional royal power and authority.

Most of the occasions, realm would be reannexed into unified fold by the eastern Georgian kings. Nevertheless, the unified Georgian realm would de jure collapse in 1490, and western Georgia would secure an independent future under the name of Kingdom of Imereti, that will exist til 1810.

Alexander I of Imereti
Alexander I (Georgian: ალექსანდრე I, Alek'sandre I) (died 1389), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was king of Western Georgia from 1387 to 1389. Prior to that, he was eristavi ("duke") of Imereti under the authority of the kings of Georgia.
Saint Hakob of Akori Monastery
Saint Hakob of Akori Monastery (Armenian: Ակոռիի Սուրբ Հակոբ վանք; pronounced Akori Surb Hakob Vank; also sometimes referred to as Saint James), was an Armenian monastery located in the southeastern part of the historic region of Surmalu (today the Iğdır Province of modern Turkey).  The monastery was located 4.7 kilometers southwest of Akori, a village at the northeastern slope of Mount Ararat.  Destroyed by an earthquake and lahar in 1840, Akori was later rebuilt. It is known today as Yenidoğan and remains a small Kurdish village.

In 1829, Baltic German explorer Friedrich Parrot, Armenian writer Khachatur Abovian, and four others reached the top of Mount Ararat in the first recorded ascent in history.  They used St. Hakob as their base.

Friedrich Parrot
Johann Jacob Friedrich Wilhelm Parrot (14 October 1791 – 15 January [O.S. 3 January] 1841) was a Baltic German naturalist, explorer, and mountaineer, who lived and worked in Tartu, Estonia in what was then the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire.  A pioneer of Russian and Estonian scientific mountaineering, Parrot is best known for leading the first expedition to the summit of Mount Ararat in recorded history.
Cardium Formation
The Cardium Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It takes the name from the fossilized heart-shaped cockle shells in the family Cardiidae (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart") present. It was first described along the Bow River banks by James Hector in 1895. It is present throughout western Alberta and in northeastern British Columbia, and it is a major source of petroleum and natural gas.

Alberta Group
The Alberta Group is a stratigraphic unit of Cenomanian to early Campanian age in the Lewis overthrust in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from the province of Alberta, and was first described in outcrops along the Highwood River in southern Alberta by G.S. Hume in 1930.
Vincent Memorial Catholic High School
Vincent Memorial Catholic High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Calexico, California. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Diego The school serves approximately 300 students.

Calexico, California
Calexico (/kəˈlɛksɪkoʊ/) is a city in southern Imperial County, California. As of the 2020 census, Calexico had a population of 38,633. Situated on the Mexican border, it is linked economically with the much larger city of Mexicali, the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California. It is about 122 miles (196 km) east of San Diego and 62 miles (100 km) west of Yuma, Arizona. Calexico, along with six other incorporated Imperial County cities, forms part of the larger populated area known as the Imperial Valley. First explored by Europeans in the 18th century, Calexico began as a small tent community which was ultimately incorporated in 1908.
ShoXC
ShoXC is a mixed martial arts series produced by the mixed martial arts organization EliteXC, Showtime and Proelite.com.  The series was announced on July 11, 2007.  The purpose of the show is to highlight up and coming MMA fighters.

On October 20, 2008, ProElite, the parent company of EliteXC, informed its employees and fighters that they were shutting down. The company filed for bankruptcy protection and all future events were canceled. A breakdown in the negotiations with Showtime Networks to purchase ProElite resulted in the company's funding to disappear, forcing them out of business. ShoXC events were later replaced on Showtime by ShoMMA events put on by Strikeforce, after purchasing EliteXC's assets.

Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)
Strikeforce was an American mixed martial arts and kickboxing organization based in San Jose, California, that operated from 1985 to 2013. It was headed by CEO Scott Coker.

Its live events and competitions have been shown on CBS, debuting on November 7, 2009, and Showtime in the United States. Internationally, Strikeforce events have been broadcast Super Channel in Canada, Primetime in the United Kingdom, SKY PerfecTV! in Japan, HBO Plus in Brazil, Space in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on the American Forces Network.

In early 2011, Strikeforce was purchased by American Ultimate Fighting Championship owner Zuffa LLC, which eventually closed the promotion and brought the remaining fighter contracts into the UFC roster.
Oxyhydride
An oxyhydride is a mixed anion compound containing both oxide O2− and hydride ions H−. These compounds may be unexpected as the hydrogen and oxygen could be expected to react to form water. But if the metals making up the cations are electropositive enough, and the conditions are reducing enough, solid materials can be made that combine hydrogen and oxygen in the negative ion role.

Mixed-anion compounds
Mixed-anion compounds, heteroanionic materials or mixed-anion materials are chemical compounds containing cations and more than one kind of anion. The compounds contain a single phase, rather than just a mixture.
Invergowrie railway station
Invergowrie railway station is a railway station which serves the village of Invergowrie, west of the city of Dundee, Scotland on the north bank of the Firth of Tay. It is the only intermediate station between Dundee and Perth, on the Glasgow to Dundee line, approximately 4 miles (6.4 kilometres) from Dundee station – and only around 500 yards (460 metres) from the city's western boundary – and just over 17 miles (27 kilometres) from Perth. ScotRail, who manage the station, provide all the services.

Dundee railway station
Dundee railway station serves the city of Dundee on the east coast of Scotland. It is situated on the northern, non-electrified section of the East Coast Main Line, 59+1⁄4 miles (95.4 km) northeast of Edinburgh. Dundee is the tenth busiest station in Scotland. In January 2014, the former main station building was demolished to make way for a new building as part of the Dundee Waterfront Project which opened on 9 July 2018.

Dundee railway station is where the Edinburgh–Dundee line meets the Glasgow–Dundee line, via Perth, to form the Dundee to Aberdeen line.
Wilson County, Texas
Wilson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 49,753. Its county seat is Floresville. The county is named after James Charles Wilson. Wilson County is part of the San Antonio–New Braunfels, Texas, metropolitan statistical area.

James Charles Wilson
James Charles Wilson (24 August 1816 – 7 February 1861) was an early settler of Texas and later a state legislator.

Wilson was born in Yorkshire, England, on August 21, 1818. He immigrated to the Republic of Texas in 1836.

In 1842 he joined Charles K. Reese in the ill-fated Somervell Expedition.  Captured while serving with the company, he managed to escape on 30 July 1843.

He lived in Brazoria, Texas, where he became district clerk before representing Calhoun, Jackson, Matagorda, and Wharton counties in the House of Representatives of the Third and Fourth Legislatures from 1848 to 1853.  In 1856 he became commissioner of the Court of Claims.

In addition to his legal career, Wilson also served as a Methodist minister.

He died in Gonzales on 7 February 1861.  Wilson was originally buried in Askey Cemetery near Gonzales but later was moved to the Texas State Cemetery in Austin.

Wilson County, Texas, is named in his honor.
Nectophrynoides
Nectophrynoides is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. They are endemic to Eastern Arc forests and wetlands in Tanzania, and all except N. tornieri are threatened. Species of the genus are ovoviviparous: fertilization is internal, and the females give birth to fully developed, small toadlets. Together with the West Africa Nimbaphrynoides (which was included in Nectophrynoides in the past) and Limnonectes larvaepartus, they are the only frogs/toads in the world that do not lay eggs. The Ethiopian Altiphrynoides (includes Spinophrynoides), which lay eggs, were also part of Nectophrynoides in the past.

Altiphrynoides
Altiphrynoides is a genus of toads, commonly referred to as Ethiopian toads. They are restricted to highlands of south-central Ethiopia in the Arussi, Bale and Sidamo Provinces. Both species are threatened by habitat loss. They were formerly included in Nectophrynoides, but lack the unusual reproductive mode of those species (they lay eggs, while Nectophrynoides give birth to fully developed young). Conversely, some authorities treat Altiphrynoides as a monotypic genus for A. malcolmi, placing A. osgoodi in another monotypic genus, Spinophrynoides.
Mark Statman
Mark Statman (1958, New York, NY) is a writer, translator, and poet. He is emeritus Professor of Literary Studies at Eugene Lang College the New School for Liberal Arts in New York City, where he taught from 1985 to 2016. He has published 16 books, 9 of poetry, 5 of translation, and 2 on pedagogy and poetry. His writing has appeared in numerous anthologies and reviews. Statman is a dual national of the United States and Mexico.

Kenneth Koch
Kenneth Koch (/koʊk/ KOHK; February 27, 1925 – July 6, 2002) was an American poet, playwright, and professor, active from the 1950s until his death at age 77.)  He was a prominent poet of the New York School of poetry. This was a loose group of poets including Frank O'Hara and John Ashbery that eschewed contemporary introspective poetry in favor of an exuberant, cosmopolitan style that drew major inspiration from travel, painting, and music. Comical, narrative, punning and exuberant are adjectives that have been associated with his work.
Hyundai Tucson
The Hyundai Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/; Korean: 현대 투싼) is a compact crossover SUV produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai. It is named after the city of Tucson, Arizona, U.S.

The second-generation model was marketed as the Hyundai ix35 in several markets, including Europe, Australia and China, before reverting to Tucson for the third-generation. Since its first-generation, the Tucson has been developed alongside the Kia Sportage, sharing platforms and engines.

The Tucson is the best-selling Hyundai model, with more than 7 million units sold globally since it launched in 2004. Of these, 1.4 million units have been sold in Europe.

Compact crossover SUV
Compact crossover SUV is an automobile classification used mainly in North America to describe a segment of crossover SUV, a type of sport utility vehicle, between subcompact crossover SUV and mid-size crossover SUV.

By the late 2010s, the segment had emerged as the most popular automobile segment in several regions. For example, nearly one in every four cars sold in the United States in 2019 was a compact crossover, at about 24.2 percent.

The best-selling vehicle in the segment in 2020 was the Toyota RAV4, with 995,762 units sold globally. It was also the second best-selling automobile in the world after the Toyota Corolla in 2021.
Gonzalo Duarte García de Cortázar
Gonzalo Duarte García de Cortázar (born 27 September 1942) is a Chilean prelate of the Catholic Church who was Bishop of Valparaíso from 1998 to June 2018. Product of it, he was also the Great Chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso, his alma mater.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Valparaíso
The Diocese of Valparaíso (Latin: Vallis Paradisi) is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Santiago de Chile in central Chile.

Its cathedral episcopal see, the Catedral de Santiago, dedicated to the Apostle St. James the Elder (Spanish: Santiago) in the city of Valparaíso, Valparaíso Province, is a Minor World Heritage Site.
2013 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election
An election for the leadership of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party was triggered on November 7, 2011 following Dwain Lingenfelter's resignation after losing his seat in the 2011 election. The party selected its new leader on March 9, 2013, by a one-member one vote system held during a convention at TCU Place in Saskatoon.

Ryan Meili
Ryan Meili (born April 11, 1975) is a Canadian physician and former politician from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He previously served as the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Saskatoon Meewasin from 2017 to 2022 and as leader of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party from 2018 to 2022. He has founded a number of health care-related initiatives such as the Student Wellness Initiative Toward Community Health (SWITCH), the University of Saskatchewan's Making the Links program, and the Upstream think tank.
Ladies Dining Society
The Ladies Dining Society was a private women's dining and discussion club, based at Cambridge University. It was founded in 1890 by the author Louise Creighton and the women's activist Kathleen Lyttelton. Its members, most of whom were married to Cambridge academics, were believers in women’s education and were active in the campaign to grant women Cambridge degrees. Most were strong supporters of female suffrage.

The society remained active until the First World War. It has been stated that the Society stands "as a testament to friendship and intellectual debate at a time when women’s voices went largely unheard."

Maud Darwin
Martha Haskins, Lady Darwin (née du Puy; July 27, 1861 - 6 February 1947), known as Maud Darwin, was an American socialite and the wife of the English Cambridge University astronomer Sir George Darwin.
IBM 727
The IBM 727 Magnetic Tape Unit was announced for the IBM 701 and IBM 702 on September 25, 1953. It became IBM's standard tape drive for their early vacuum-tube era computer systems. Later vacuum-tube machines and first-generation transistor computers used the IBM 729-series tape drive. The 727 was withdrawn on May 12, 1971.

IBM 702
The IBM 702 was an early generation tube-based digital computer produced by IBM in the early to mid-1950s.  It was the company's response to Remington Rand's UNIVAC, which was the first mainframe computer to use magnetic tapes. As these machines were aimed at the business market, they lacked the leading-edge computational power of the IBM 701 and ERA 1103, which were favored for scientific computing, weather forecasting, the aircraft industry, and the military and intelligence communities.

Within IBM, the 702 was notable for adapting the new technology of magnetic-core memory for random-access applications.

The 702 was announced September 25, 1953, and withdrawn October 1, 1954, but the first production model was not installed until July 1955.  It was superseded by the IBM 705.
Kolubara-Mačva Zone League
Kolubara-Mačva Zone League (Serbian: Зонска лига Колубарско-Мачванска / Zonska liga Kolubarsko-Mačvanska) was one of the Serbian Zone League divisions, the fourth tier of the Serbian football league system. It was run by the Football Association of West Serbia.

The league was founded in 2018, together with the Podunavlje-Šumadija Zone League, Šumadija-Raška Zone League and West Morava Zone League. In 2024, these four leagues folded and the 3 old Zone Leagues were reestablished: the Morava Zone League, Dunav Zone League and Drina Zone Leagues.

Serbian Zone League
Serbian Zone League (Serbian: Зонска лига Србије / Zonska liga Srbije) is the fourth tier of football in the Serbian football league system, consisting of 12 divisions as of the 2019–20 season. The divisions are run by the four regional associations, namely Football Association of Western Serbia (four), Football Association of Eastern Serbia (four), Football Association of Vojvodina (three), and Football Association of Belgrade (one). The winner of each division gets promoted to one of the four Serbian League divisions (Belgrade, Vojvodina, East, and West).
Old Croton Dam
The Old Croton Dam is a historic dam located in Yorktown, Westchester County, New York, now lying submerged beneath the waters of the New Croton Reservoir. The dam was built on the Croton River between 1837 and 1842, and was the first substantial masonry dam in the United States. Construction was delayed by a January 1841 storm that washed away most of the dam, with heavy downstream damage and loss of life.

Yorktown, New York
Yorktown is a town on the northern border of Westchester County, New York, United States. A suburb of the New York City metropolitan area, it is approximately 38 miles (61 km) north of midtown Manhattan. The population was 36,569 at the 2020 U.S. Census.
Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)
The secretary of national defense (Filipino: Kalihim ng Tanggulang Pambansa) is the head of the Department of National Defense of the Philippines and a member of the president's Cabinet.

The current secretary is former Philippine House representative of the Tarlac's 1st congressional district Gilbert Teodoro. He assumed office on June 5, 2023 and has previously served the same position from August 2007 to November 2009.

Historically this cabinet position has been a stepping stone to the Philippine presidency. Two previous secretaries of national defense were elected president: Ramon Magsaysay and Fidel Ramos. Several others ran for the presidency: Alejo Santos, Juan Ponce Enrile, Renato de Villa, Norberto Gonzales and Gilbert Teodoro.

Alejo Santos
Alejo Santos Santos (born Alejo de los Santos de los Santos; July 17, 1911 – February 18, 1984) was a Filipino soldier, World War II hero and politician. He was the only major candidate opposing Ferdinand Marcos in the 1981 Philippine presidential election.
Breakwater Island
Breakwater Island (64°47′S 63°13′W﻿ / ﻿64.783°S 63.217°W﻿ / -64.783; -63.217) is a small island in the Palmer Archipelago with a line of rocks extending in a southwest arc from it, lying opposite Nipple Peak, 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) off the east side of Wiencke Island. The descriptive name, suggestive of an artificial breakwater, was given by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1944.

Wiencke Island
Wiencke Island is an island 26 km (16 mi) long and from 3 to 8 km (1.9 to 5.0 mi) wide, about 67 km2 (26 sq mi) in area, the southernmost of the major islands of the Palmer Archipelago, lying between Anvers Island to its north across the Neumayer Channel and the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula to its east across the Gerlache Strait.
Fort Ward Park
Fort Ward Park is park  located along Rich Passage on the southern end of Bainbridge Island in Washington State, United States. Fort Ward Park is part of the Bainbridge Island Metro Park and Recreation District, on land which the former military base, Fort Ward, was located. It was a state park from 1960 to 2011 but is now locally managed.

Covering 137 acres (0.55 km2) of dense forest and underbrush, clam digging, birdwatching and scuba diving are some of the activities available for park visitors.

Rich Passage
47°35′42″N 122°33′18″W﻿ / ﻿47.595°N 122.555°W﻿ / 47.595; -122.555

Rich Passage is a tidal strait in Puget Sound, allowing access to Bremerton, Washington, the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Sinclair Inlet, and Dyes Inlet. It separates Bainbridge Island from the Manchester area of Kitsap Peninsula. The Seattle–Bremerton ferry, part of the Washington State Ferries, travels the length of Rich Passage on its route.

In addition to the many ferry trips each way per day, tugs with hawser tows and various types of naval and recreational craft all contribute to a considerable collision hazard.

Fort Ward Park and Manchester State Park are located on the Rich Passage waterfront.

Rich Passage was named by Charles Wilkes during the Wilkes Expedition of 1838–1842, to honor William Rich, the expedition's botanist.
Seneb (king's son)
Seneb  was an ancient Egyptian living in the Thirteenth Dynasty about 1750 BC. He is known from a number of sources around king Sobekhotep III, who was his brother. The father of Seneb was the god's father Mentuhotep, his mother was the king's mother called Iuhetibu. Seneb bears the title king's son, although he was not the son of a king. In the Thirteenth Dynasty the title king's son was often used as title of honor and did not automatically mean that the title bearer was the son of a king. Seneb's own family is known from a stela now in Vienna (ÄS 135). His wife was called Nebtit and their children were:

Elder of the hall Sobekhotep.

Lady of the house Iuhetibu (named for her paternal grandmother)

Trainer of the dogs Mentuhotep (named for her paternal grandfather)

Henut.

Iuhetibu
Iuhetibu was an ancient Egyptian king's mother known from several sources as the mother of the 13th Dynasty king Sekhemre-sewadjtawy Sobekhotep, also known as Sobekhotep III, although recent research indicates that he was rather Sobekhotep II. Iuhetibu was the wife of the god's father Mentuhotep. She only appears in sources from the reign of her son. Nothing is known about her life before her son became king. She was the mother of several children. These are king Sobekhotep, the king's son Seneb, the king's son Khakau. Her granddaughter Iuhetibu Fendy, daughter of king Sekhemre-sewadjtawy Sobekhotep was most likely named after her.
International Colour Association
The International Colour Association (Association Internationale de la Couleur (AIC), or Internationale Vereinigung für die Farbe) is a learned society whose aims are to encourage research in all aspects of colour, to disseminate the knowledge gained from this research, and to promote its application to the solution of problems in the fields of science, art, design and industry on an international basis. The AIC also aims for a close cooperation with existing international organizations, such as, for example, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the International Commission for Optics (ICO), regarding issues concerned with colour. The AIC will neither duplicate the work of these bodies nor will it attempt to assume any of their responsibilities. In 2009 the AIC agreed on the creation of an International Colour Day, which is celebrated in many countries around the world.

International Commission on Illumination
The International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated CIE for its French name, Commission internationale de l'éclairage, but historically abbreviated ICI in English) is the international authority on light, illumination, colour, and colour spaces. It was established in 1913 as a successor to the Commission Internationale de Photométrie, which was founded in 1900. It is based in Vienna, Austria.