hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Danish Open (tennis)
The Danish Open (sponsored as the e-Boks Open) was a professional women's tennis tournament played 2010–12 on indoor hard courts in Farum, Denmark north of Copenhagen. The event was affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and is an International-level tournament on the WTA Tour. The tournament may be viewed as a continuation of the ITF event 2008 Nordea Danish Open in Odense. A plan to change surface to red clay in 2012, still played indoors in Farum, was dropped due to the cost.

The tournament was selected to be held in April until at least 2015, however on November 9, 2012, the event was cancelled from the 2013 WTA Tour and replaced by a new tournament Katowice Open held in Katowice, Poland.

2008 Nordea Danish Open
The 2008 Nordea Danish Open was a women's professional tennis event on the 2008 ITF Women's Circuit, which took place from 17 to 23 November. The event was hosted in Odense, Denmark. It was played on indoor carpet courts. The total prize money offered at this tournament was US$100,000.

The tournament was only played in 2008. The WTA tournament 2010 e-Boks Danish Open in Copenhagen may be viewed as a continuation.
Robert Bruce (rapper)
Robert Bruce (born August 9, 1970) is an American retired rapper and professional wrestler who would go on to become a Don for Psychopathic Records.

Bruce is most commonly known by his stage name Jumpsteady. He is the older brother of Violent J of the Insane Clown Posse, and has been featured on many of their releases, both directly and indirectly, since his debut on their 1992 album Carnival of Carnage. Jumpsteady released the EP The Chaos Theory, and the LP Master of the Flying Guillotine before retiring from rapping in 2006. Bruce briefly returned to recording and performing in 2012 before retiring again shortly after.

Forgotten Freshness Volume 3
Forgotten Freshness Volume 3 is a rarities album by Insane Clown Posse. Released in 2001, it was notable for being their first release to feature Mike Puwal as a producer rather than Mike E. Clark. It is the group's 3rd installment in the "Forgotten Freshness album series", their 4th compilation album, and their 16th overall release.
Herricks, New York
Herricks is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the southern part of the Town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 4,398 at the time of the 2020 census.

County Route 8 (Nassau County, New York)
Nassau County Route 8 is an unsigned county road in Nassau County, New York. It travels between Old Country Road (CR 25) and Rockaway Avenue (CR E06) in Garden City and Northern Boulevard (NY 25A) in Manhasset.

CR 8 travels along Herricks Road and Shelter Rock Road, is roughly five miles (8.0 km) in length, and is maintained in its entirety by the Nassau County Department of Public Works.
Blue Water (train)
The Blue Water (previously the Blue Water Limited) is a higher-speed passenger train service operated by Amtrak as part of its Michigan Services.  The 319-mile (513 km) route runs from Chicago, Illinois, to Port Huron in Michigan's Blue Water Area, for which the train is named. Major stops are in Kalamazoo, Battle Creek, East Lansing, and Flint.

Amtrak began running the Blue Water in 1974 over the Grand Trunk Western Railroad. In 1982 the train was extended from Port Huron to Toronto, Canada, and renamed the International Limited. Service was cut back to the original route in 2004 with the Blue Water name restored.

East Lansing, Michigan
East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Most of the city lies within Ingham County, although a small portion extends north into Clinton County. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 47,741. The city is located immediately east of Lansing, Michigan's capital and sixth most populous city. Both cities are part of the Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area.

East Lansing is a college town, and is home to Michigan State University (MSU), one of the largest public universities in the United States. The city is economically and demographically dominated by MSU.
Welikada North Grama Niladhari Division
Welikada North Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 514D.

Japanese School in Colombo, President's College, Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Siege of Kotte (1557–58), Election Commission of Sri Lanka, 1990 Suwa Seriya Foundation, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Western Hospital, Hewavitharana Maha Vidyalaya, Royal Colombo Golf Club and Devi Balika Vidyalaya are located within, nearby or associated with Welikada North.

Welikada North is a surrounded by the Rajagiriya, Koswatta, Nawala West, Obesekarapura, Gothamipura and Welikada West Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division
Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 520.

Nawala are located within, nearby or associated with Nawala West.

Nawala West is a surrounded by the Koswatta, Nawala East, Narahenpita, Nugegoda West, Kirula, Gothamipura and Welikada North Grama Niladhari Divisions.
2013 Ladies Tour of Qatar
The 2013 Ladies Tour of Qatar is the 5th edition of the Ladies Tour of Qatar. It is organised by the Qatar Cycling Federation with technical and sports-related assistance from Amaury Sport Organisation (A.S.O.) under the regulations of the Union Cycliste Internationale (category 2.1). It took place from Tuesday 29 January until Friday 1 February 2013 and consisted of 4 stages, one more stage than the former editions. 15 teams of 6 riders took part.

All stages of the 2013 Ladies Tour of Qatar were live broadcast on TV station Al Jazeera.

Kirsten Wild
Kirsten Carlijn Wild (born 15 October 1982) is a Dutch former professional racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2004 and 2021, for eight professional teams. During her track cycling career, Wild rode at the Summer Olympic Games in 2012, 2016 and 2020, winning a bronze medal at the latter Games, in the omnium. She won eighteen medals including nine golds at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships, and eighteen medals including eight golds at the UEC European Track Championships. Wild also took over 100 victories in road racing, and won two medals at the UCI Road World Championships.
Māhina
Māhina is a commune in the north of Tahiti in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. Māhina is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. Māhina is the 5th most populous commune in French Polynesia with a population of 14,623 (2022 census), in an area of 52 km2. Mount Orohena is a nearby mountain.

Faʼaʼā
Faʼaʼā is a commune in the suburbs of Papeʼete in French Polynesia, an overseas country of France in the Pacific Ocean. Faʼaʼā is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2022 census Faʼaʼā had a population of 29,826, making it the most populous commune on Tahiti and in French Polynesia. Faʼaʼā has many mountains inland that can reach 1,500 m (5,000 ft). Mount Marau is an extinct volcano in the inland limits and can be seen from nearby Moʼorea. The area of Faʼaʼā is 9 m (30 ft) above mean sea level on average.

Faʼaʼā has a long history. Captain James Cook landed on Faʼaʼā when he came to Tahiti in 1769 on his first expedition to the Pacific. The commune is the political stronghold of independence leader Oscar Temaru who has served three times as president.
Beijing Stock Exchange
The Beijing Stock Exchange (BSE) is a stock exchange based in Beijing, China. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently of each other in mainland China, the others being the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

China Securities Regulatory Commission
The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) is a government agency directly under the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It is the main regulator of the securities industry in China.
Ron Huldai
Ron Huldai (Hebrew: רון חולדאי; born 26 August 1944) is an Israeli politician and businessman who has been Mayor of Tel Aviv since 1998. Before taking office as mayor, Huldai served as a fighter pilot and commander in the Israeli Air Force. After leaving the Israel Defense Force as a brigadier general, he entered the business world and was later headmaster of the Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium in Tel Aviv.

Mayoral elections in Tel Aviv
Elections are held in Tel Aviv to elect the city's mayor. Currently, such elections are regularly scheduled to elect mayors to five-year terms.

Prior to 1978, mayors were selected by a vote of the city council. Since 1978, direct elections have been held for mayor.
2014–15 Chinese Basketball Association season
The 2014–15 CBA season was the 20th Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) season. The Jiangsu Tongxi Monkey Kings and Chongqing Fly Dragons were "promoted" to the CBA, becoming the league's 19th and 20th teams. Two clubs also altered or changed their mascots, with the Foshan Dralions opting to be called the Foshan Long-Lions in English, while the Shandong Gold Lions became the Shandong Golden Stars.

The regular season began on Saturday, November 1, 2014 with the Beijing Ducks hosting the Guangdong Southern Tigers. The 2015 CBA All-Star Game was played on January 18, 2015, at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium in Beijing. The regular season ended on Sunday, February 1, 2015, and the playoffs began on Friday, February 6, 2015.

Beijing Ducks
The Beijing Shougang Ducks (simplified Chinese: 北京首钢霹雳鸭俱乐部篮球队), also known as Beijing Shougang or Beijing Ducks, officially named Beijing BAIC Basketball Club, are a professional basketball team based in Beijing, China, which plays in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball Association. The Shougang Corporation is the club's corporate sponsor while its mascot is a duck.

The team was formerly known as the Beijing Jinyu Ducks or Beijing Jinyu (北京金隅, běijīng jīnyü). The name change was due to a change in corporate sponsorship. This organization should not be confused with the Beijing Olympians, a different club, which was founded in 1955.

For at least part of the 2003–04 CBA season, the Ducks were known as Beijing Wanfeng Aote (北京万丰奥特). Their naming rights were then assumed by the "Beijing Jinyu Group Co., Ltd.", a prominent construction materials conglomerate in China.
William McIlvanney
William Angus McIlvanney (25 November 1936 – 5 December 2015) was a Scottish novelist, short story writer, and poet. He was known as Gus by friends and acquaintances. McIlvanney was a champion of gritty yet poetic literature; his works Laidlaw, The Papers of Tony Veitch, and Walking Wounded are all known for their portrayal of Glasgow in the 1970s. He is regarded as "the father of Tartan Noir" and as Scotland's Camus.

The Dark Remains
The Dark Remains  is a Scottish crime novel of the tartan noir genre set in Glasgow. Part-written by William McIlvanney who left a half-finished handwritten draft when he died in 2015, the novel was completed by Ian Rankin and published in 2021.
David Hare (philanthropist)
David Hare (1775 – 1 June 1842) was a Scottish watchmaker, philanthropist, and educationist in Bengal, India (see East India Company and their rule in India). He founded many educational institutions in Calcutta (now Kolkata), such as the Hindu School, and Hare School and helped in founding Presidency College.

Hindu School, Kolkata
Hindu School is  a state government-administered school in Kolkata (Calcutta), India. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest modern educational institution in Asia (then known as Hindu College). The institution played a key role during Bengal Renaissance period. It is located on College Street, in the vicinity of Hare School, College Square, Presidency University, Sanskrit College, Calcutta Medical College and the University of Calcutta.
RFA Olna (A123)
RFA Olna (A123) was the third and final of the three Ol-class "fast fleet tanker" of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), the naval auxiliary fleet of the United Kingdom. When she entered service she was one of the largest and fastest ships in the RFA Fleet. Olna saw service in the Falklands War and the Gulf War.

Her design was a development of the later  Tide-class ships of the early 1960s. She was entered service in 1966 and served in the Royal Fleet Auxiliary for 34 years. Olna was the third ship to bear the name.

Ol-class tanker (1965)
The Ol-class tankers were a series of three  "fast fleet tankers" used by the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), the naval auxiliary fleet of the United Kingdom, tasked with providing fuel, food, fresh water, ammunition and other supplies to Royal Navy vessels around the world.
Happy Xmas (War Is Over)
"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" is a Christmas song released in 1971 as a single by the Plastic Ono Band with the Harlem Community Choir. It was the seventh single released by John Lennon outside his work with the Beatles. The song reached number four in the United Kingdom, where its release was delayed until November 1972, and has occasionally re-emerged on the UK singles chart, most notably following Lennon's murder in December 1980, when it peaked at number two.

A protest song against United States involvement in the Vietnam War, "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" has since become a Christmas standard, frequently recorded by other artists, appearing on compilation albums of seasonal music, and named in polls as a holiday favourite. In a UK-wide poll in December 2012, it was voted tenth on the ITV television special The Nation's Favourite Christmas Song.

Sean Lennon
Sean Taro Ono Lennon (Japanese: 小野太郎, Hepburn: Ono Tarō; born October 9, 1975) is a British and American musician. He is the son of musical artists John Lennon and Yoko Ono, and half-brother of Julian Lennon and Kyoko Cox. Over the course of his career, Lennon has been a member of the bands Cibo Matto, The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger, the Claypool Lennon Delirium and his parents' group Plastic Ono Band. Lennon has released three solo albums: Into the Sun (1998), Friendly Fire (2006), and Asterisms (2024). He has produced numerous albums for various artists, including Black Lips and the Plastic Ono Band. Lennon served as executive producer and music producer for One to One: John & Yoko (2024). The film centers on the only full-length post-Beatles concert John Lennon and Yoko Ono performed, the "One to One" benefit show in 1972.
Ima nade
Ima nade (trans. There Is Hope) is the seventh studio album from Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band YU Grupa.

The ballad "Dunavom šibaju vetrovi" is notable for being one of the two YU Grupa songs sung by the bass guitarist Žika Jelić (the other one being the ballad "Crni leptir" from the band's 1973 debut album). The refrain of "Dunavom šibaju vetrovi", however, is sung by the band's guitarist and vocalist Dragi Jelić.

YU Grupa (1973 album)
YU Grupa is the debut studio album from Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band YU Grupa, released in 1973.

The album was polled in 1998 as the 62nd on the list of 100 greatest Yugoslav rock and pop albums in the book YU 100: najbolji albumi jugoslovenske rok i pop muzike (YU 100: The Best albums of Yugoslav pop and rock music).
2019 Nigeria Women's Cup
The 2019 Nigeria Women's Cup (known as the 2019 AITEO Women's Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 26th edition of the Nigeria Women's Cup, the main single-elimination women's football tournament in Nigeria.

The defending champions were Rivers Angels, after they defeated Ibom Angels in the previous final.

Twenty-one teams contested the trophy, with seven teams receiving byes to the second round.

Nigeria Women's Cup
The Nigeria Women's Cup, formally known as the Federation Cup (formerly Women Challenge Cup and Aiteo Cup) is a cup competition in Nigeria. Rivers Angels of Port Harcourt have won the most titles. The tournament along with Nigeria Women Premier League are the two recognized competition for women football organized by the Nigeria Football Federation. The finals are usually played at Teslim Balogun Stadium in Lagos State.

In June 2017, the Nigeria Football Federation finalized a five-year deal with AITEO Group for the naming rights of the competition. The deal will have the winners and runners-up get ₦10,000,000 and ₦5,000,000 respectively annually.
On 28 July 2019, Nasarawa Amazons won their second Aiteo Cup title, defeating Rivers Angels at the final.
Euler class
In mathematics, specifically in algebraic topology, the Euler class is a characteristic class of oriented, real vector bundles. Like other characteristic classes, it measures how "twisted" the vector bundle is. In the case of the tangent bundle of a smooth manifold, it generalizes the classical notion of Euler characteristic.  It is named after Leonhard Euler because of this.

Throughout this article  is an oriented, real vector bundle of rank  over a base space .

Thom space
In mathematics, the Thom space, Thom complex, or Pontryagin–Thom construction (named after René Thom and Lev Pontryagin) of algebraic topology and differential topology is a topological space associated to a vector bundle, over any paracompact space.
Law and economics
Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law. The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the Chicago school of economics such as Aaron Director, George Stigler, and Ronald Coase. The field uses economics concepts to explain the effects of laws, assess which legal rules are economically efficient, and predict which legal rules will be promulgated. There are two major branches of law and economics. One is based on the application of the methods and theories of neoclassical economics to the positive and normative analysis of the law. The second branch focuses on an institutional analysis of law and legal institutions, with a broader focus on economic, political, and social outcomes, and overlapping with analyses of the institutions of politics and governance.

Robert Cooter
Robert D. Cooter (May 2, 1945 – September 8, 2025) was an American economist and legal scholar who was the Herman F. Selvin Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law.

Cooter worked in the field of law and economics. He was co-editor of the International Review of Law and Economics, and was among those convened by George Mason University Law School dean, Henry Manne, in January, 1990, to discuss organizing a professional association, prior to formation of the American Law and Economics Association; Cooter was subsequently elected as a founding board member, then served as its president for 1994. In 1999 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

"Not the Power to Destroy: An Effects Theory of the Tax Power," a paper Cooter coauthored with Neil S. Siegel (Duke Law professor), provided the legal framework for the Supreme Court ruling on the Affordable Care Act in 2012.
Yamagata, Iwate
Yamagata (山形村, Yamagata-mura) was a village located in Kunohe District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

The village of Yamagata was created on April 1, 1889 within Kita-Kunohe District with the establishment of the municipality system. Kita-Kunohe District and Minami-Kunohe Districts merged to form Kunohe District on April 1, 1897. The mountainous area was formerly known for a number of mines, especially ironsand. On March 6, 2006, Yamagata was merged into the expanded city of Kuji.

As of March 1, 2006, the village had an estimated population of 3,121 and a population density of 7.89 persons per km2. The total area was 295.49 km2.

Kuji, Iwate
Kuji (久慈市, Kuji-shi) is a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 3 March 2020, the city had an estimated population of 34,418 in 15,675 households, and a population density of 55 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 623.50 square kilometres (240.73 sq mi).
Sears plc
Sears plc was a large British-based conglomerate. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It was acquired by Charles Clore in the 1950s who expanded the company to be one of the largest retailers in Britain. It was acquired by Philip Green in 1999 who oversaw the break up of the group.

BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK
BNP Paribas Personal Finance, formerly known as LaSer UK, is a British and Irish provider of consumer finance. It operates in the UK and in the Republic of Ireland.  The company administers credit and loyalty programmes for other businesses across multiple sectors, including retail, household, insurance, entertainment and leisure. BNP Paribas Personal Finance manages four million customers and 300 UK partnerships. As of 2016, it had financed £1.6 billion in credit.

The company's operations are in Solihull and Belfast, where it employs 740 people.

BNP Paribas Personal Finance consists of two separate companies Creation Financial Services Limited, and Creation Consumer Finance Limited, collectively trading under the name of Creation. BNP Paribas Personal Finance is fully owned by the France-based BNP Paribas.
Kapustin Yar
Kapustin Yar (Russian: Капустин Яр) is a Russian military training area  and a rocket launch complex in Astrakhan Oblast, about 100 km east of Volgograd. It was established by the Soviet Union on 13 May 1946. In the beginning, Kapustin Yar used technology, material, and scientific support gained from the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II. Numerous launches of test rockets for the Russian military were carried out at the site, as well as satellite and sounding rocket launches. The towns of Znamensk and Kapustin Yar were built nearby to serve the missile test range.

R-1 (missile)
The R-1 rocket (NATO reporting name SS-1 Scunner, Soviet code name SA11, GRAU index 8A11) was a tactical ballistic missile, the first manufactured in the Soviet Union, and closely based on the German V-2 rocket. The R-1 missile system entered into service in the Soviet Army on 28 November 1950. Deployed largely against NATO, it was never an effective strategic weapon. Nevertheless, production and launching of the R-1 gave the Soviets valuable experience which later enabled the USSR to construct its own much more capable rockets.
Benjamin Hall Kennedy
Benjamin Hall Kennedy (6 November 1804 – 6 April 1889) was an English scholar and schoolmaster, known for his work in the teaching of the Latin language. He was an active supporter of Newnham College and Girton College as Cambridge University colleges for women.

Marion Kennedy
Marion Grace Kennedy (23 November 1836 – 11 January 1914) was a British classical scholar. She was a supporter of women's suffrage and higher education for women. She was born too early to take advantage of women's higher education and her father took the credit for some of her work. She helped to found and then worked for Newnham College, Cambridge, where her ideas shaped its constitution.
VAQ-135
Electronic Attack Squadron 135 (VAQ-135), known as the "Black Ravens", is a United States Navy electronic attack squadron that currently operates the EA-18G Growler carrier-based electronic warfare jet aircraft.  The squadron is permanently stationed at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island with a radio callsign of "Thunder".

Carrier Air Wing Eleven
Carrier Air Wing Eleven (CVW-11) is a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing based at Naval Air Station Lemoore, California. The air wing is attached to the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt.