hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FSF Free Software Awards
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) grants two annual awards. Since 1998, FSF has granted the award for Advancement of Free Software and since 2005, also the Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit.

Lawrence Lessig
Lester Lawrence "Larry" Lessig III (born June 3, 1961) is an American legal scholar and political activist. He is the Roy L. Furman Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and the former director of the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University. He is the founder of Creative Commons and Equal Citizens. Lessig was a candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for president of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election but withdrew before the primaries.
Karl W. Richter
Karl Wendell Richter (October 4, 1942 – July 28, 1967) was an officer in the United States Air Force and an accomplished fighter pilot during the Vietnam War. At the age of 23 he was the youngest pilot in that conflict to shoot down a MiG in air-to-air combat.

Holly, Michigan
Holly is a village in north Oakland County, Michigan, United States. The population was 5,997 at the 2020 census. The village is located within Holly Township. It is about 15 miles (24 km) south of Flint and 55 miles (89 km) northwest of Detroit.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; EC 2.1.1.6) is one of several enzymes that degrade catecholamines (neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine), catecholestrogens, and various drugs and substances having a catechol structure. In humans, catechol-O-methyltransferase protein is encoded by the COMT gene. Two isoforms of COMT are produced: the soluble short form (S-COMT) and the membrane bound long form (MB-COMT). As the regulation of catecholamines is impaired in a number of medical conditions, several pharmaceutical drugs target COMT to alter its activity and therefore the availability of catecholamines. COMT was first discovered by the biochemist Julius Axelrod in 1957.

Rs4680
In genetics, rs4680 (Val158Met) is a genetic variant.
It is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the COMT gene that codes catechol-O-Methyltransferase.
The single nucleotide substitution between G→A results in an amino acid change from valine to methionine at codon 158.

The A or Met allele is associated with lower enzymatic activity (due to thermoinstability), and with exploratory behaviour.

The polymorphism has been much studied in schizophrenia research but as of November 2011 meta-analysis in the SzGene database shows no or very little effect.

Several personality genetics studies have examined the association of the polymorphism with personality traits including extroversion, risk aversion, and novelty seeking.
1. Spielklasse Bezirk Braunschweig
The 1. Spielklasse Bezirk Braunschweig, also known as 1. Spielklasse Herzogtum Braunschweig, Bezirksliga Braunschweig and Bezirksmeisterschaft Braunschweig at various points, was the highest association football league in the German Duchy of Brunswick and, later, the Free State of Brunswick from 1904 to 1920. The league also covered small parts of the neighbouring Prussian Province of Hanover. It was one of several first tier leagues in the German Empire and Weimar Republic.

Duchy of Brunswick
The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state that ceased to exist in 1918. Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig). It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. In the course of the 19th-century history of Germany, the duchy was part of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation and from 1871 the German Empire. It was disestablished after the end of World War I, its territory incorporated into the Weimar Republic as the Free State of Brunswick.
MOSiR Stadium (Wodzisław Śląski)
MOSiR Stadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Wodzisław Śląski, Poland.  It is used mostly for football matches and served as the home stadium of Odra Wodzisław.

The stadium has a capacity of 7,400 people. Its facilities include heated turf, floodlights emitting 2,000 lux,  tennis courts, gymnasium, and office building.

In 2007 Zagłębie Sosnowiec, 2008-2011 Piast Gliwice and in 2011, Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała began using the stadium while their own ground was undergoing reconstruction work. In 2012 it also hosted Pre-season two friendly matches Karpaty Lviv.

Wodzisław Śląski
Wodzisław Śląski (Polish: [vɔˈd͡ʑiswaf ˈɕlɔ̃skʲi] ⓘ; German: Loslau, Czech: Vladislav, Latin: Vladislavia, Yiddish: וואידסלוב, romanized: Voydislav, Silesian: Władźisłůw) is a town in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 47,992 inhabitants (2019). It is the seat of Wodzisław County.

It was previously in Katowice Voivodeship (1975–1998); close to the border with the Czech Republic, about 350 kilometres (217 miles) south of Warsaw and about 140 kilometres (87 miles) west of Kraków, on the southern outskirts of the metropolitan area known as the Upper Silesian Coal Basin.
Durham Cup Stakes
The Durham Cup Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Run in mid October, the Grade III race is open to horses age three and older.  Raced over a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles on Tapeta synthetic dirt, it currently offers a current purse of Can$150,000.

The race was first run in 1906 as the Durham Cup Handicap at Old Woodbine Racetrack. It remained there until the track was closed and replaced by the new Woodbine racetrack. Since inception it has been contested at various distances:

1+3⁄4 miles : 1906-1951

1+1⁄4 miles : 1952-1979

1+1⁄8 miles : 1980–2019

1 1⁄16

In 1992, Francine Villeneuve became the first female jockey to win the race.

Woodbine Racetrack
Woodbine Racetrack is a race track for Thoroughbred horse racing in the Etobicoke area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Woodbine Entertainment Group, Woodbine Racetrack manages and hosts Canada's most famous race, the King's Plate. The track was opened in 1956 with a one-mile oval dirt track, as well as a seven-eights turf course. It has been extensively remodeled since 1993, and since 1994 has had three racecourses.
Morgan County, West Virginia
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,063. Its county seat is Berkeley Springs. The county was formed in 1820 from parts of Hampshire and Berkeley Counties and named in honor of General Daniel Morgan, prominent soldier of the American Revolutionary War. The county and Town of Bath are considered excellent jumping-off points for exploring the Potomac and Cacapon Rivers just to the north and west, respectively. Also, the county is a tourist destination hosting numerous local artists, mineral water spas, and a large amount of outdoor recreation that includes fishing, boating, wildlife, hunting, and mountain scenery. The region is known for the famed Apple Butter Festival, which is annually held in October. Morgan County is also the home of an important silica mine, part of U.S. Silica.

Hancock, West Virginia
Hancock is an unincorporated community hamlet in Morgan County in the U.S. state of West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. It is located off Hancock Road (U.S. Route 522) on River Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 1) along the Potomac River north of Berkeley Springs. Originally known as Brosius, its post office's name was changed to Hancock in 1948 to reflect its location on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad mainline across the river from Hancock, Maryland.

Hancock is also accessible by way of Fairview Drive (West Virginia Secondary Route 2) from Berkeley Springs and also Pious Ridge Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 4) from Ridersville on Martinsburg Road (West Virginia Route 9).
Siege of Chartres (1568)
The siege of Chartres (28 February – 15 March 1568) was a key event of the second French Wars of Religion. The siege saw the Huguenot forces fail to take the heavily defended town, ultimately concluding the second civil war in a negotiated settlement a week later. One of the very few engagements in the second civil war, the siege was led by Louis, Prince of Condé, fresh off regrouping after his defeat at the Battle of Saint-Denis. The defensive efforts were run by the military governor of Chartres, Nicolas des Essars, Sieur de Linières.

Chartres
Chartres (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁtʁ] ⓘ) is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as defined by the INSEE), 38,534 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Chartres proper.

Chartres is famous worldwide for the Chartres Cathedral. Mostly constructed between 1193 and 1250, this Gothic cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows are intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. Part of the old town, including most of the library associated with the School of Chartres, was destroyed by Allied bombs in 1944.
Tom Pyatt
Thomas Cullum Pyatt (born February 14, 1987) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He spent most of his career in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Montreal Canadiens, Tampa Bay Lightning and Ottawa Senators. Pyatt also played in the National League (NL) with Genève-Servette HC and the SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers and in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) with Skellefteå AIK.

He is the son of former NHL player Nelson Pyatt and brother of retired hockey player Taylor Pyatt.

2019 NHL entry draft
The 2019 NHL entry draft was the 57th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 21–22, 2019, at Rogers Arena in Vancouver, British Columbia.

The first three selections were Jack Hughes by the New Jersey Devils, Kaapo Kakko by the New York Rangers, and Kirby Dach by the Chicago Blackhawks.

As of 2025 there are 75 active NHL players from this draft.
Cumulonimbus velum
Cumulonimbus velum (Cb vel) (from the Latin cumulonimbus, "column-rain" + velum, "veil") is a cumulonimbus cloud with an accessory cloud veil wrapped around its mid area, representing an area of humid stable air created as a result of the growth of the parent cumulonimbus. The altostratus velum cloud appears dark in comparison to its parent cloud, and can persist even after the cumulonimbus has disintegrated. The velum is very rare, as conditions necessary in development are infrequent.

Cumulonimbus cloud
Cumulonimbus (from Latin  cumulus 'swell' and  nimbus 'cloud') is a dense, towering, vertical cloud, typically forming from water vapor condensing in the lower troposphere that builds upward carried by powerful buoyant air currents. Above the lower portions of the cumulonimbus the water vapor becomes ice crystals, such as snow and graupel, the interaction of which can lead to hail and to lightning formation, respectively.

When causing thunderstorms, these clouds may be called thunderheads. Cumulonimbus can form alone, in clusters, or along squall lines. These clouds are capable of producing lightning and other dangerous severe weather, such as tornadoes, hazardous winds, and large hailstones. Cumulonimbus progress from overdeveloped cumulus congestus clouds and may further develop as part of a supercell. Cumulonimbus is abbreviated as Cb.
Takeshi Obata
Takeshi Obata (小畑 健, Obata Takeshi; born February 11, 1969) is a Japanese manga artist that usually works as the illustrator in collaboration with a writer. He first gained international attention for Hikaru no Go (1999–2003) with Yumi Hotta, but is better known for Death Note (2003–2006) and Bakuman (2008–2012) with Tsugumi Ohba. Obata has mentored several well-known manga artists, including Nobuhiro Watsuki of Rurouni Kenshin fame, Black Cat creator Kentaro Yabuki, and Eyeshield 21 artist Yusuke Murata.

Nobuhiro Watsuki
Nobuhiro Nishiwaki (Japanese: 西脇 伸宏, Hepburn: Nishiwaki Nobuhiro; born May 26, 1970), better known by his pen name Nobuhiro Watsuki (和月 伸宏, Watsuki Nobuhiro), is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known for his samurai-themed series Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story (1994–1999), which has over 70 million copies in circulation, and a sequel he is currently creating, Rurouni Kenshin: The Hokkaido Arc (2017–present).

Watsuki has written three more manga series, Gun Blaze West (2001), Buso Renkin (2003–2005), and Embalming: The Another Tale of Frankenstein (2007–2015). He has mentored several well-known manga artists, including One Piece creator Eiichiro Oda, Shaman King creator Hiroyuki Takei, and Mr. Fullswing creator Shinya Suzuki. Watsuki was convicted of possessing child pornography in 2018.
Buffalo Creek flood
The Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred in Logan County, West Virginia, on February 26, 1972, when a coal slurry impoundment dam burst, causing significant loss of life and property damage.

The impoundment dam, managed by Pittston Coal Company, had been declared "satisfactory" by a federal mine inspector four days earlier. In its legal filings, Pittston referred to the accident as "an Act of God."

Logan County, West Virginia
Logan County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,567. Its county seat is Logan.  Logan County comprises the Logan, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV–OH–KY Combined Statistical Area.
The Daily Flash
The Daily Flash are an American folk rock and psychedelic band founded in 1965, active until 1968 and reformed in 2002. originally based in Seattle and later in Los Angeles. The group was composed of guitarist/singer Steve Lalor, lead guitarist Doug Hastings, bass player/singer Don MacAllister and drummer Jon Keliehor. According to Mike Stax, they "had become a major force in the growing Seattle underground scene by 1965." Their sound, which incorporated elements of folk music and jazz as well as rock stood in contrast to the garage rock sound typical of the Pacific Northwest at the time, anticipating the sound that came to be identified with San Francisco.

Rhinoceros (band)
Rhinoceros was an American rock band established in 1967 through auditions conducted by Elektra Records, rather than organic formation by musicians.  The band, while well respected in many circles, did not live up to the record label's expectations.  It was also poorly received by fans, producing a slow-selling debut album and two even less successful LPs before breaking up.  One reviewer commented, "Despite the fact that the band could not live up to the expectations that were raised by Elektra Records' publicity machine, Rhinoceros' contributions to rock still deserve more credit than subsequent rock histories give it."
Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory
Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory is the fifth studio album and first concept album by the American progressive metal band Dream Theater, released on October 26, 1999, through Elektra Records. It was recorded at BearTracks Studios in Suffern, New York, where the band had previously recorded their second studio album, Images and Words (1992), and the EP A Change of Seasons (1995).

The album is the sequel to "Metropolis—Part I: 'The Miracle and the Sleeper'", a song featured on the band's 1992 album Images and Words. It was the first album to feature Jordan Rudess on keyboards.

For the album's twentieth anniversary, the band performed the album live in its entirety throughout the Distance over Time Tour (as documented on Distant Memories - Live in London).

On June 24, 2024, it was announced that the album would receive a novel adaptation, with Peter Orullian as the author. It was released on October 26, 2024, coinciding with the album's 25th anniversary.

Images and Words
Images and Words is the second studio album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater, released on July 7, 1992, through Atco Records. It is the first Dream Theater release to feature James LaBrie on vocals. Since its release, the album has maintained its position as the band's most commercially successful studio album, and the song "Pull Me Under" has the distinction of being the only Top 10 hit (radio or otherwise) the band has had to date. This particular song has also had more recent success as it has appeared in the 2008 video game Guitar Hero World Tour.
Legião Urbana
Legião Urbana (Portuguese for Urban Legion) was a Brazilian rock band formed in 1982 in Brasília, Distrito Federal. The band primarily consisted of Renato Russo (vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards), Dado Villa-Lobos (guitar), Renato Rocha (bass), and Marcelo Bonfá (drums, keyboards). Rocha left the band in 1989, and the band continued as a trio until their disbandment, with Russo becoming the band's de facto bassist after Rocha's departure. Following Rocha's death in 2015, Villa-Lobos and Bonfá are the last surviving members of the band's principal lineup.

While Legião Urbana disbanded officially in 1996, after Russo's death from AIDS, yet today they are considered one of the most influential Brazilian rock bands in music history, alongside Os Mutantes, Titãs, Os Paralamas do Sucesso, and Barão Vermelho, and are considered to be pioneers of Brazilian rock.

Legião Urbana (album)
Legião Urbana (transl. Urban Legion) is the self-titled debut album by Brazilian rock band Legião Urbana. It was released on January 2, 1985.

"Será" was selected as the album's first single and it received a video, shot on May 25, 26 and 27, 1985 at the nightclub Rose Bom Bom, in São Paulo, directed by Toniko Melo. All tracks were already ready before the album's sessions, except for "Por Enquanto".

Legião Urbana sold a total of 550,000 copies and, in 2007, the Brazilian edition of Rolling Stone magazine elected Legião Urbana as 40th in the 100 Greatest Brazilian Music Records.

The artwork on the album cover was designed by drummer Marcelo Bonfá.
Phelps Dodge
Phelps Dodge Corporation was an American mining company founded in 1834 as an import-export firm by Anson Greene Phelps and his two sons-in-law William Earle Dodge, Sr. and Daniel James. The latter two ran Phelps, James & Co., the part of the organization based in Liverpool, England. The import-export firm at first exported United States cotton from the Deep South to England and imported various metals to the US needed for industrialization. With the expansion of the Western frontier in North America, the corporation acquired mines and mining companies, including the Copper Queen Mine in Cochise County, Arizona and the Dawson, New Mexico coal mines. It operated its own mines and acquired railroads to carry its products. By the late 19th century, it was known as a mining company.

On March 19, 2007, Freeport-McMoRan completed a $25.9 billion acquisition of Phelps Dodge Corporation.

Daniel James (businessman)
Daniel James (17 April 1801 – 2 November 1876) was one of the three founder partners of Phelps, Dodge & Co., a New York trading organisation established in 1833/4, exporting cotton to England and importing manufactured goods in return such as tin, tin plate, iron and copper.  James was born in America but was to live in Liverpool for 47 years running the British side of the business called Phelps, James & Co.  The company was to dominate the export market of tinplate from the United Kingdom for three-quarters of a century at a time when Wales was the centre of world production.
The Boat Race 1999
The 145th Boat Race took place on 3 April 1999. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. Featuring the tallest rower in Boat Race history at that time, Cambridge won the race in the second-fastest time ever.  It was their seventh consecutive victory in the event.

In the reserve race, Cambridge's Goldie defeated Oxford's Isis in the fastest time ever, while Cambridge won the Women's Boat Race.

The Boat Race 1998
The 144th Boat Race took place on 28 March 1998. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  Cambridge, with the heaviest crew in the history of the event, won by three lengths in a record time of 16 minutes 19 seconds.

In the reserve race, Oxford's Isis defeated Cambridge's Goldie in a time which equalled the record, while Cambridge won the Women's Boat Race.
Ibrexafungerp
Ibrexafungerp, sold under the brand name Brexafemme, is an antifungal medication used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) (vaginal yeast infection). It is taken orally (by mouth). It is also currently undergoing clinical trials for other indications via an intravenous (IV) formulation. An estimated 75% of women will have at least one episode of VVC and 40 to 45% will have two or more episodes in their lifetime.

Ibrexafungerp acts via inhibition of glucan synthase, which prevents formation of the fungal cell wall.

Ibrexafungerp was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2021. It is the first non-azole oral antifungal drug to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections. The FDA considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally.
Tylihul Estuary
The Tylihul Estuary also called Tylihulskyi lyman (Ukrainian: Тилігульський лиман) or simply Tiligul is a Ramsar-listed government protected estuary or liman of the Tylihul River. Located in Odesa Oblast in the south of Ukraine, the estuary includes an ornithological game reserve and the Tylihulskyi Regional Landscape Park situated on the East coast.

The name of the water body originates from the Turkish: Deli Göl, meaning "mad, rabid lake".

Tylihul (river)
The Tylihul (Ukrainian: Тилігул) is a river in the Odesa Oblast of southern Ukraine. It is 168 km long, up to 10–20 m wide, with a watershed of 3,550 km2. Its source is in the Podilian Upland and it flows through a narrow (1.0—1.5 km wide) valley to the Black Sea depression, where the valley widens up to 3 km. The river inflows to the Tylihul Estuary.

The name of the river comes from the name of the water body into which it flows, the Tylihul Estuary, Turkish: Deli Göl, which means "mad or rabid lake".

47°46′47.3″N 29°34′37.9″E﻿ / ﻿47.779806°N 29.577194°E﻿ / 47.779806; 29.577194
Elliotts Primary EoN
The Elliots Primary EoN or EoN Type 7 S.G.38 Primary was a training glider built in the UK shortly after World War II. It was an absolutely minimalist aircraft, consisting of a high, cable-braced wing connected to a conventional empennage by an open-truss framework, and was a copy of the German SG 38 Schulgleiter. Marketed to aeroclubs, the Primary EoN was also adopted in 1948 by the Air Training Corps and by the Combined Cadet Force under the name Eton TX.1. An example is at the Gliding Heritage Centre.

DFS SG 38 Schulgleiter
The Schneider DFS 108-14 SG-38 Schulgleiter (School glider) is a German high-wing, cable-braced, single-seat primary glider that was designed by Schneider, Rehberg and Hofmann at Edmund Schneider's factory at Grunau in 1938, hence the designation. It was produced by several builders, including Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS).