hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CITIC Press Group
CITIC Press Group (Chinese: 中信出版集团), formerly CITIC Publishing Group, is a publishing company founded in 1988 based in Beijing, China. The publisher is a subsidiary of the state-owned CITIC Group. They engage in digital and physical book retail and provide professional education.

CITIC Group
CITIC Group Corporation Ltd., formerly the China International Trust & Investment Corporation (CITIC), is a state-owned investment company of the People's Republic of China, established by Rong Yiren in 1979 with the approval of Deng Xiaoping.  Its headquarters are in Chaoyang District, Beijing. As of 2019, it is China's biggest state-run conglomerate with one of the largest pools of foreign assets in the world. In 2023, the company was ranked 71st in the Forbes Global 2000.
12 Fantasias for Viola da Gamba (Telemann)
Georg Philipp Telemann's collection of Twelve Fantasias for Viola da Gamba Solo, TWV 40:26–37, was published in Hamburg in 1735, titled Fantaisies pour la Basse de Violle. The fantasias for viola da gamba were considered lost until an original print was found in a private collection in 2015. They were published by Edition Güntersberg in 2016, and first recorded and performed again by Thomas Fritzsch the same year.

Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Works Catalogue), abbreviated TWV, is the numbering system identifying compositions by Georg Philipp Telemann, published by musicologist Martin Ruhnke.

The prefix TWV is generally followed by a genre number, a letter indicating the key (in some cases), and a work number. The genre number indicates the general type or medium of the work. A major key is in upper case, a minor key in lower case.  The second number is the work's number within the genre. For example, Telemann's Concerto polonois in B flat major for strings and basso continuo is TWV 43:B3. His Orchestral suite in D major is TWV 55:D18, and his Overture in G minor is TWV 55:g4.

Vocal works were catalogued in a similar way by Werner Menke in the Telemann-Vokalwerke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Vocal Works Catalogue), abbreviated TVWV. For example, Telemann's Johannes-Passion is TVWV 5:42. His Times of the Day cantata is TVWV 20:39.
Allaire duPont Distaff Stakes top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Allaire duPont Distaff Stakes, a grade 3 American Thoroughbred horse race run at 1-1/16 miles over dirt at Pimlico Race Course, in Baltimore, Maryland.

Allaire duPont Stakes
The Allaire DuPont Stakes is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares age three and older over a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles (9 furlongs) run annually in mid May at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland.
Kosudo, Niigata
Kosudo (小須戸町, Kosudo-machi) was a town located in Nakakanbara District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 10,256 and a density of 606.5 persons per km2. The total area was 16.91 km2.

On March 21, 2005, Kosudo, along with the cities of Niitsu, Shirone and Toyosaka, the towns of Kameda and Yokogoshi (all from Nakakanbara District), the town of Nishikawa, and the villages of Ajikata, Iwamuro, Katahigashi, Nakanokuchi and Tsukigata (all from Nishikanbara District), was merged into the expanded city of Niigata. As of April 1, 2007, the area is part of the Akiha-ku ward.

Nakanokuchi, Niigata
Nakanokuchi (中之口村, Nakanokuchi-mura) was a village located in Nishikanbara District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2005, the village had an estimated population of 6,613 and a density of 328.03 persons per km2. The total area was 20.16 km2.

On March 21, 2005, Nakanokuchi, along with the cities of Niitsu, Shirone and Toyosaka, the towns of Kameda, Kosudo and Yokogoshi (all from Nakakanbara District), the town of Nishikawa, and the villages of Ajikata, Iwamuro, Katahigashi and Tsukigata (all from Nishikanbara District), was merged into the expanded city of Niigata. As of April 1, 2007, the area is now part of Nishikan-ku ward (西蒲区, Nishikan-ku).
John Farrell Easmon
John Farrell Easmon, MRCS, LM, LKQCP, MD, CMO (30 June 1856 – 9 June 1900), was a prominent Sierra Leonean Creole medical doctor in the British Gold Coast who served as Chief Medical Officer during the 1890s. Easmon was the only West African to be promoted to Chief Medical Officer and he served in this role with distinction during the last decade of the 19th century. Easmon was a botanist and a noted expert on the study and treatment of tropical diseases. In 1884, he wrote a pamphlet entitled The Nature and Treatment of Blackwater Fever, which noted for the first time the relationship between blackwater fever and malaria. Easmon coined the term "blackwater fever" in his pamphlet on the malarial disease.

William MacCormac
Sir William MacCormac, 1st Baronet, KCB, KCVO (17 January 1836 – 4 December 1901) was a notable British surgeon during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. MacCormac was a strong advocate of the antiseptic surgical methods proposed by Joseph Lister and he served in conflicts such as the Boer War. An advocate and pioneer of the Royal Army Medical Corps, MacCormac was perhaps the most decorated surgeon in Britain and he served as Serjeant Surgeon to Edward VII.
Flowers of Evil (Mountain album)
Flowers of Evil is the third studio album and first live album by American hard rock band Mountain. The title track concerns drug abuse in Vietnam. The first side of the album includes new studio material, while the second consists of live material recorded on 27 June 1971 at the Fillmore East in New York City. It was released in November 1971 by Windfall. This was the band's only album to chart in Norway, where it peaked at #17; the highest chart position for this album internationally.

Gail Collins Pappalardi
Gail Delta Collins (February 2, 1941 – December 6, 2013) was an American songwriter, record producer, and visual artist. She was convicted of criminally negligent homicide in the 1983 killing of her husband Felix Pappalardi.
US Biskra
Union Sportive de Biskra (Arabic: الإتحاد الرياضي لبسكرة), known as US Biskra or simply USB for short, is an Algerian football club based in Biskra. The club was founded in 1934 and the club colours are green and black. Their home stadium, 18 February Stadium, has a capacity of 35,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

18 February Stadium (Biskra)
18 February Stadium (Arabic: ملعب 18 فبراير), or Stade du 18-février, is a multi-use stadium in Biskra, Algeria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and it is the home ground of football club US Biskra. The stadium holds 30,000 people. The stadium is a part of El Alia Sport Complex.
Koebe quarter theorem
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the Koebe 1/4 theorem states the following:

Koebe Quarter Theorem. The image of an injective analytic function  from the unit disk
 onto a subset of the complex plane contains the disk whose center is  and whose radius is .

The theorem is named after Paul Koebe, who conjectured the result in 1907. The theorem was proven by Ludwig Bieberbach in 1916. The example of the Koebe function shows that the constant  in the theorem cannot be improved (increased).

A related result is the Schwarz lemma, and a notion related to both is conformal radius.

Schwarz lemma
In mathematics, the Schwarz lemma, named after Hermann Amandus Schwarz, is a result in complex differential geometry that estimates the (squared) pointwise norm  of a holomorphic map  between Hermitian manifolds under curvature assumptions on  and .

The classical Schwarz lemma is a result in complex analysis typically viewed to be about holomorphic functions from the open unit disk  to itself.

The Schwarz lemma has opened several branches of complex geometry, and become an essential tool in the use of geometric PDE methods in complex geometry.
Tanaka Castle
Tanaka Castle (田中城, Tanaka-jō) is a Japanese castle located in Fujieda, central Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. At the end of the Edo period, Tanaka Castle was home to a branch of the Honda clan, daimyō of Tanaka Domain.

Fujieda, Shizuoka
Fujieda (藤枝市, Fujieda-shi) is a city located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2019, the city has an estimated population of 145,032 in 59,480 households, and a population density of 750 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 194.06 square kilometres (74.93 sq mi). Fujieda is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities  (AFHC).
Chaetostoma spondylus
Chaetostoma spondylus is a freshwater species of catfish in the family Loricariidae and the genus Chaetostoma. It is a demersal fish with a pH range of about 6–7.1. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Chotano River, the Huancabamba River, the Sendamal River, and the Utcubamba, which are mountain tributaries of the Marañón River located at around 1,500 to 2,000 meters (4,900 to 6,600 ft) above sea level. These rivers are, by extension, part of the Amazon River basin in Peru.

The species is typically found in streams and rapids with a high gradient, specifically in areas with a boulder substrate. It reaches 13.1 cm (5.2 in) SL. C. spondylus is thought to prefer temperatures of 23 to 27 °C (73 to 81 °F).

Chaetostoma
Chaetostoma, also known as the bristlemouth catfish, is a genus of suckermouth armored catfishes native to South America with one species, C. fischeri, extending into Panama. Most species inhabit flowing rivers in the lower Andes and its foothills. Some species are kept in unheated aquaria.
Testicular pain
Testicular pain, also known as scrotal pain, occurs when part or all of either one or both testicles hurts. Pain in the scrotum is also often included. Testicular pain may be of sudden onset or of long duration.

Causes range from non-serious muscular skeletal problems to emergency conditions such as Fournier gangrene and testicular torsion. The diagnostic approach involves making sure no serious conditions are present. Diagnosis may be supported by ultrasound, urine tests, and blood tests.

Pain management is typically given with definitive management depending on the underlying cause.

Cremasteric reflex
The cremasteric reflex is a superficial (i.e., close to the skin's surface) reflex observed in human males.

This reflex is elicited by lightly stroking or poking the superior and medial (inner) part of the thigh—regardless of the direction of stroke. The normal response is an immediate contraction of the cremaster muscle that pulls up the testicle ipsilaterally (on the same side of the body).
The reflex utilizes sensory and motor fibers from two different nerves. When the inner thigh is stroked, sensory fibers of the ilioinguinal nerve are stimulated. These activate the motor fibers of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve which causes the cremaster muscle to contract and elevate the testis.: 262
Make-Up Artists & Hair Stylists Guild
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild is an American labor union representing make-up artists and hair stylists in feature films, television programs, commercials, live network events and theatrical productions in the United States.

Hairdresser
A hairdresser is a person whose occupation is to cut or style hair in order to change or maintain a person's image. This is achieved using a combination of hair coloring, haircutting, and hair texturing techniques. A hairdresser may also be referred to as a 'barber' or 'hairstylist'.
Quebec City
Quebec City (French: Ville de Québec) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a population of 839,311. It is the twelfth-largest city and the seventh-largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is also the second-largest city in the province, after Montreal. It has a humid continental climate with warm summers coupled with cold and snowy winters.

Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608, and adopted the Algonquin name. Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico. This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Québec".

Cap-Rouge, Quebec City
Cap-Rouge (French pronunciation: [kap ʁuʒ]) is a former city in central Quebec, Canada,  since 2002 within the borough Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge in Quebec City. The site of the first attempted permanent French settlement in North America, Charlesbourg-Royal, is located at the confluence of the Rivière du Cap Rouge and the Saint Lawrence River. Its population was 13,153 as of the Canada 2011 Census.
Gordon Bennett Trophy (aeroplanes)
The Gordon Bennett Aviation Trophy is an international airplane racing trophy that was awarded by James Gordon Bennett Jr., the American owner and publisher of the New York Herald newspaper. The trophy is one of three Gordon Bennett awards: Bennett was also the sponsor of an automobile race and a ballooning competition.

The terms of the trophy competition were the same as those of the Schneider Trophy: each race was hosted by the nation which had won the preceding race, and the trophy would be won outright by the nation whose team won the race three times in succession. Accordingly, after Joseph Sadi-Lecointe's victory in 1920 the trophy became the permanent possession of the Aéro-Club de France.

Wright Model R
The Wright Model R was a single-seat biplane built by the Wright Company in Dayton, Ohio, United States, in 1910. Also known as the Roadster or the Baby Wright, it was designed for speed and altitude competitions.
Barczewo Castle
Barczewo Castle (Polish: Zamek w Barczewie) was a castle in Barczewo, Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland. No traces of the castle remain.

The castle in Barczewo was erected by Bishop John II Styprock in 1364 simultaneously with the city walls. Destroyed in 1414, it was subsequently rebuilt. The partitions acted as an episcopal seat of wealthy lords. Burned down in 1798, it has since been progressively dismantled. Between 1826 and 1832 a school existed here, only a Gothic style residential wing remains of that school.

The castle has the layout of an irregular quadrilateral. It consisted of a dwelling and outbuilding adjacent to one another.

Barczewo
Barczewo [barˈt͡ʂɛvɔ] (until 1946 Wartembork; German: Wartenburg in Ostpreußen) is a town in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 7,483.
Peter I (bishop of Pavia)
Peter of Pavia was a Lombard who was Bishop of Pavia, during the reign of the Lombard king Liutprand, his nephew.

In the Middle Ages the city of Pavia was the capital of the Lombard Kingdom which St. Peter served, and later home to one of the earliest and most illustrious universities in Europe.

According to Venerable Bede, the body of St. Augustine of Hippo was removed to Cagliari, Sardinia by the Catholic bishops whom the Arian king of the Vandals Huneric had expelled from north Africa. Bede tells that the remains were subsequently redeemed out of the hands of the Saracens, at a cost of sixty thousand gold crowns, by Peter. After shipment to Genoa, they were then deposited in the Basilica of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro ("St. Peter in Golden Sky"), about the year 720.

Diocese of Pavia
The Diocese of Pavia (Latin: Dioecesis Papiensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals.

The seat of the bishop is the Cattedrale di Maria Assunta e S. Stefano Protomartire in Pavia. The current bishop of Pavia is Corrado Sanguineti, appointed by Pope Francis on 1 December 2015.
Katima Mulilo
Katima Mulilo, or simply Katima is the capital of the Zambezi Region in Namibia. It had 46,401 inhabitants in 2023, and comprises two electoral constituencies, Katima Mulilo Rural and Katima Mulilo Urban. It is located  on the B8 national road on the banks of the Zambezi River in the Caprivi Strip in lush riverine vegetation with tropical birds and monkeys. The town receives annual average rainfall of 654 millimetres (25.7 in).

The nearest Namibian town to Katima Mulilo is Rundu, about 500 km away. About 40 km east of Katima Mulilo lies the village of Bukalo, where the road to Ngoma branches off and joins Namibia to Botswana.

Ngoma, Namibia
Ngoma is a settlement in Namibia's Zambezi Region, located 70 kilometres southeast of the region's capital, Katima Mulilo. It falls under the Katima Mulilo Rural Constituency. Serving as a crucial border crossing between Namibia and Botswana, Ngoma features the Ngoma Bridge, which crosses the Chobe River. This bridge facilitates significant traffic and trade between the two nations. The settlement has one medical facility, Ngoma Clinic.
High Explosive (film)
High Explosive is a 1943 American drama film directed by Frank McDonald and written by Maxwell Shane and Howard J. Green for Pine-Thomas Productions. The film stars Chester Morris, Jean Parker, Barry Sullivan, Ralph Sanford, Rand Brooks and Dick Purcell. The film was released on March 27, 1943, by Paramount Pictures.

Pine-Thomas Productions
Pine-Thomas Productions was a prolific B-picture unit of Paramount Pictures from 1940 to 1957, producing 81 films.  Co-producers William H. Pine (February 15, 1896 – April 29, 1955) and William C. Thomas (August 11, 1903 – April 2, 1984) were known as the "Dollar Bills" because none of their economically made films ever lost money. "We don't want to make million dollar pictures," they said. "We just want to make a million dollars."
Manson, Washington
Manson is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Chelan County in the U.S. state of Washington. It was named in 1912 for Manson F. Backus, president of the Lake Chelan Land Company. Manson is located in the north-central portion of the state on the north shore of Lake Chelan, approximately 7 miles (11 km) northwest of the city of Chelan.

Manson is part of the Wenatchee–East Wenatchee Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The USPS ZIP code for Manson is 98831. As of the 2020 census, the population in the Manson was 1,523. 2010 was the first year that Manson was tracked by the census bureau.

Manson is home to a number of wineries.

Chelan County, Washington
Chelan County (/ʃəˈlæn/, shə-LAN) is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 79,074. The county seat and largest city is Wenatchee. The county was created out of Okanogan and Kittitas Counties on March 13, 1899. It derives its name from a Chelan Indian word meaning "deep water," likely a reference to 55-mile (89 km)-long Lake Chelan, which reaches a maximum depth of 1,486 feet (453 m).

Chelan County is part of the Wenatchee, Washington, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2023 Munster Senior Hurling League
The 2023 Munster Senior Hurling League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Co-Op Superstores Munster Hurling League, was an inter-county hurling competition in the province of Munster, played by all six county teams in January 2023. Cork were the winners, defeating Tipperary in the final.

Munster Senior Hurling League
The Munster Senior Hurling League is an annual hurling competition organised by the Munster Council of the Gaelic Athletic Association since 2016 for the top inter-county teams in the province of Munster in Ireland.

The series of games are played during January. The Munster Senior Hurling League is effectively a pre-season tournament. It allows teams to blood new players and to experiment prior to the opening of the National Hurling League.

2019 was the first year that all six eligible teams participated in the Munster Senior Hurling League. Participation or non-participation can be decided on an annual basis. Cork are the current champions.
Carmen Gloria Quintana
Carmen Gloria Quintana Arancibia (born 3 October 1967) is a Chilean woman who suffered severe burns in an incident where she and other young people  were detained by an army patrol during a street demonstration against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. She survived, and thereafter became a symbol of hope for democracy in Chile to many, receiving an embrace and encouragement from Pope John Paul II.

Quemados case
Quemados case (Spanish: Caso Quemados) is the name given to the attack against two protesters by an army patrol on 2 July 1986 in Santiago, Chile during manifestations against the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

A group of soldiers led by Pedro Fernández Dittus, that was patrolling the streets during the Days of National Protest stopped, hit and after wetting them with a flammable liquid, lit on fire two young people: Carmen Gloria Quintana and the photographer Rodrigo Rojas de Negri. After the attack, the victims were transferred to a remote site in the Quilicura commune on the outskirts of the city. Rojas died of his burns while Carmen survived, but with heavy burns. Due to the cruelty of the crime and the absurd judicial process associated with it the event received widespread attention and provoked protests in Chile and on an international level.
Consensus democracy
Consensus democracy is the application of consensus decision-making and supermajority to the process of legislation in a democracy. It is characterized by a decision-making structure that involves and takes into account as broad a range of opinions as possible, as opposed to majoritarian democracy systems where minority opinions can potentially be ignored by vote-winning majorities. Constitutions typically require consensus or supermajority.

A consensus government is a national unity government with representation across the whole political spectrum. A concordance democracy is a type of consensus democracy where majority rule does not play a central role. Optional referendums and popular initiatives correspond to consensus democracy.

Supermajority
A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority, the latter sometimes expressed as a "50% + 1 vote". Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises at times when action is taken. Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature. In consensus democracy, the supermajority rule is applied in most cases.
Willi Besmanoff
William David Besmanoff (October 4, 1932 – October 20, 2010) was a German boxer who was a heavyweight contender in the 1950s. He was born in Munich, Germany. His father was Jewish American. When Willi was 11, he was imprisoned in the Buchenwald concentration camp for a short time. In the 1950s he moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and became an American citizen.

Making his professional debut in 1952, Besmanoff mainly fought in Germany for the first half of his career, before subsequently relocating to the United States. Besmanoff fought many top contenders of the era, including Sonny Liston, Archie Moore, George Chuvalo, Zora Folley, Eddie Machen, Roy Harris, Willie Pastrano and Bob Foster. He was also an early opponent of Cassius Clay. He retired in 1967, with a final record of 51–34–8.

Roy Harris (boxer)
Roy Harris (June 29, 1933 – August 8, 2023) was an American lawyer and heavyweight boxer. His nickname derived from his place of birth, Cut and Shoot, Texas. Roy was a co-trainer of title contender Alfonso López III.