hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aldol–Tishchenko reaction
The Aldol–Tishchenko reaction is a tandem reaction involving an aldol reaction and a Tishchenko reaction. In organic synthesis, it is a method to convert aldehydes and ketones into 1,3-hydroxyl compounds. The reaction sequence in many examples starts from conversion of a ketone into an enolate by action of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), to which a suitable aldehyde is added. The resulting mono-ester diol is then converted into the diol by a hydrolysis step. With both the acetyl trimethylsilane and propiophenone as reactants, the diol is obtained as a pure diastereoisomer.

Aldol reaction
The aldol reaction (aldol addition) is a reaction in organic chemistry that combines two carbonyl compounds (e.g. aldehydes or ketones) to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.  Its simplest form might involve the nucleophilic addition of an enolized ketone to another:

These products are known as aldols, from the aldehyde + alcohol, a structural motif seen in many of the products. The use of aldehyde in the name comes from its history: aldehydes are more reactive than ketones, so that the reaction was discovered first with them.

The aldol reaction is paradigmatic in organic chemistry and one of the most common means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry.  It lends its name to the family of aldol reactions and similar techniques analyze a whole family of carbonyl α-substitution reactions, as well as the diketone condensations.
Guerrilla crosswalk
A guerrilla crosswalk is a pedestrian crossing that has been modified or created without jurisdictional approval, and with the intent of improving pedestrian and other non-automobile safety. These interventions are a common strategy within tactical urbanism, a type of low-cost, often temporary change to the built environment intended to improve local livability. Guerrilla crosswalks have been noted in news articles since at least 2009 and have become more well known as an urban strategy in recent years. The first known example of guerilla crosswalks can be found in Canada in 1987 when social activists John Valeriote and Erik Veldman created a crosswalk in Guelph, Ontario for students to safely cross a busy road in front of their school.

In many jurisdictions, guerrilla crosswalk groups exist in a state of low-intensity conflict with the local government, who typically remove the crosswalks and occasionally arrest guerrillas.

Tactical urbanism
Tactical urbanism (also referred to as guerrilla urbanism, pop-up urbanism, city repair, D.I.Y. urbanism, planning-by-doing, urban acupuncture, and urban prototyping) is a low-cost, temporary change to the built environment, usually in cities, intended to improve local neighbourhoods and city gathering places.

Tactical urbanism is often citizen-led but can also be initiated by government entities. Community-led temporary installations are often intended to pressure government agencies into installing a more permanent or expensive version of the improvement.
Belém–Brasília Highway
The Belém–Brasília Highway (Portuguese: Rodovia Belém–Brasília) is a set of portions of six federal highways of Brazil, of which each portion contributes to the function of connecting the Atlantic port city of Belém in the northern state of Pará and the Brazilian Federal District Brasília in the southern interior.

The Belém–Brasília Highway designation applies (between Belém and each respective city) to the following routes:

BR-316 (Santa Maria do Pará),

BR-308 (Santa Maria do Pará), and

BR-010 (Estreito).

It also applies to

BR-226 between Porto Franco and Wanderlândia,

BR-153 thence to and from Anápolis, and

BR-060 thence to and from Brasília.

In each case, the route in question extends beyond one or both of the cities that demarcate the respective stretch of the Belém–Brasília Highway, while the stretch(es) beyond lack that designation.

BR-316 (Brazil highway)
The BR-316 is a Brazilian federal highway that connects the cities of Belém, in the state of Pará, and Maceió in Alagoas. It has a total length of 2,054 km.

The section between Belém and Santa Maria do Pará is a designated part of the Belém–Brasília Highway.

The highway passes through the driest area and one of the poorest in the country. In Alagoas, however, there is the largest sugarcane production in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
National Leather Association International
National Leather Association International (NLA-I) is a BDSM organization, based in the United States with chapters in various cities in the United States and Canada. It was founded in 1986 as the "National Leather Association" (NLA), as a national integrated organization including gay leathermen, kinky heterosexuals and bisexuals, SM lesbians and transgender sadomasochists, and representing their interests in the face of prosecutions. Adding "International" to its name in 1991, the organization staged "Living in Leather" gatherings until 2002. After a period of decline around the turn of the millennium, NLA-I has become more active again and runs a series of awards for fiction and non-fiction writing. NLA-I's records can be found at the Leather Archives and Museum.

Leather subculture
Leather subculture denotes practices and styles of dress organized around sexual activities that involve leather garments, such as leather jackets, vests, boots, chaps, harnesses, or other items. Wearing leather garments is one way that participants in this culture self-consciously distinguish themselves from mainstream sexual cultures. Many participants associate leather culture with BDSM practices and its many subcultures. For some, black leather clothing is an erotic fashion that expresses heightened masculinity or the appropriation of sexual power; love of motorcycles, motorcycle clubs and independence; and/or engagement in sexual kink or leather fetishism.
Design Flaw
Design Flaw is the fifth studio album by Art Bergmann, released on the Other People's Music record label in 1998. The album featured acoustic recordings of songs, primarily from Bergmann's prior albums but also including a new Gram Parsons cover.

Calgary Herald music critic James Muretich named the album as one of the year's best, writing that "one of our best singer-songwriters of the last 20 years brilliantly delves into his repertoire of songs dealing with desire, drugs and dreams."

Bergmann's next release, 2000's Vultura Freeway, comprised unreleased recordings from the early 1980s. He did not release another newly recorded title until 2014's Songs for the Underclass.

Songs for the Underclass
Songs for the Underclass is an EP by Art Bergmann, released August 26, 2014 on weewerk.

Prior to writing and recording the EP, Bergmann had spent several years effectively retired from the music business. Living on a farm in rural Alberta while recovering from degenerative arthritis, he continued to perform sporadic live shows and released two albums of archival demo recordings, but had not recorded a new album since 1998's Design Flaw. The EP, one of the most explicitly political works of Bergmann's career, was inspired by his renewed anger at the direction of contemporary politics, and was supported by his most extensive tour of concert dates since the 1990s.
Dodengang
The Dodengang (Dutch, also called Trench of Death in English and Le Boyau de la mort in French) is a World War I memorial site located near Diksmuide, Belgium. The site is located about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from the IJzertoren in the centre of the city, and is set directly on the banks of the Yser Canal.

Diksmuide
Diksmuide (Dutch: [dɪksˈmœydə] ⓘ; French: Dixmude [diksmyd]; West Flemish: Diksmude) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Diksmuide proper and the former communes of Beerst, Esen, Kaaskerke, Keiem, Lampernisse, Leke, Nieuwkapelle, Oostkerke, Oudekapelle, Pervijze, Sint-Jacobs-Kapelle, Stuivekenskerke, Vladslo and Woumen.

Most of the area west of the city is a polder riddled with drainage trenches. The major economic activity of the region is dairy farming, producing the famous butter of Diksmuide.
Farda Motors
Farda Motors (Persian: فردا موتورز), trade name FMC (Farda Motors Company), is an Iranian automotive manufacturer established in 2013. It is a subsidiary of the Golestan Group, which is owned by the Grami family.

Forthing Yacht
The Forthing Yacht (Chinese: 风行 游艇; pinyin: Fengxing Youting) is a minivan produced by Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor under the Forthing brand. The Forthing Yacht is based on the Super Cube EMA architecture of the Forthing brand with semi-independent rear suspension and available as both six and seven seat versions.
Orthotonophonium
The orthotonophonium is a free reed aerophone similar to a harmonium with 72 (sometimes 53) keys per octave, that can be played all diatonic key intervals and chords using just intonation. The instrument was created in 1914 by German physicist Arthur von Oettingen to advance his theories of harmonic dualism.

Free reed aerophone
A free reed aerophone is a musical instrument that produces sound as air flows past a vibrating reed in a frame. Air pressure is typically generated by breath or with a bellows. In the Hornbostel–Sachs system, it is number 412.13 (a member of interruptive free aerophones). Free reed instruments are contrasted with non-free or enclosed reed instruments, where the timbre is fully or partially dependent on the shape of the instrument body, Hornbostel–Sachs number: 42 (flute, reed, and brass).
Business.com
Business.com is a digital media company and B2B web destination which offers various performance marketing advertising, including lead generation products on a pay per lead and pay per click basis, directory listings, and display advertising. The site covers business industry news and trends for growth companies and the B2B community to stay up-to-date, and hosted more than 15,000 pieces of content as of November 2014. Business.com operates as a subsidiary of the Purch Group since being acquired in 2016.

Having sold their brands to Future, Purch's existing B2B assets later reorganised into Business.com.

Dex One
Dex One Corporation was an American marketing company providing online, mobile and print search marketing via their DexKnows.com website, print yellow pages directories and pay-per-click ad networks in the U.S.

In April 2013 Dex One merged with SuperMedia, and the combined company (after further acquisitions) now does business as Thryv Inc.
Custer Ridge
Custer Ridge (Mount Custer) (8,630 feet (2,630 m)) is a ridge in North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. Located in the northern section of the park, Custer Ridge rises to the west of Silver Lake, 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north-northwest of Mount Spickard. The high point along Custer Ridge is a peak tentatively named Mount Custer, which lies near the southwestern end of the ridge. Custer Ridge extends beyond the Canada–US border.

Silver Lake (North Cascades, Washington)
Silver Lake is a small, deep alpine lake in northwestern Washington, United States, within the northeastern portion of North Cascades National Park, near the border with the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is located within a high-altitude cirque and is primarily fed by Silver Glacier on the slopes of Mount Spickard, and drains through Silver Creek, ultimately into Ross Lake. It was first documented in 1905 and declared a Research Natural Area in 1974.
Hyundai N
Hyundai N (Korean: 현대 N) is a sub-brand of high-performance cars, engines, and related technologies established in 2012 by Hyundai.

Hyundai claims the "N" refers to two elements. First, the Namyang district in South Korea, home of Hyundai's Global Research & Development Center where the brand 'N' was founded; second, the over 20 km long Nordschleife northern loop of the Nürburgring racetrack in Germany, home to Hyundai's European Technical Center and where all the 'N' models are tested - and many other brands, too. The 'N' logo was inspired by the shape of chicanes in racing circuits.

The first 'N'-branded vehicle produced was the i30 N, which debuted in 2016.

BMW M
BMW M GmbH, formerly known as BMW Motorsport GmbH, is a subsidiary of BMW AG that manufactures high-performance luxury cars.

BMW M ("M" for "motorsport") was initially created to facilitate BMW's racing program, which was very successful in the 1960s and 1970s. As time passed, BMW M began to supplement BMW's vehicle portfolio with specially modified higher trim models, for which they are now most known by the general public. These M-badged cars traditionally include modified engines, transmissions, suspensions, interior trims, aerodynamics, and exterior modifications to set them apart from their counterparts. All M models are tested and tuned at BMW's private facility at the Nürburgring racing circuit in Germany.

BMW M also provides M packages for the BMW S1000RR motorcycle, with a limited-production homologation-special, race-type machine designated M1000RR, produced from 2021 onwards.
81st meridian east
The meridian 81° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 81st meridian east forms a great circle with the 99th meridian west.

99th meridian west
The meridian 99° west of Greenwich is a line of longitudethat extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 99th meridian west forms a great circle with the 81st meridian east.
Pecan scab
Pecan scab is the most economically significant disease of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis) in the southeastern United States. Venturia effusa is a fungal plant pathogen that causes pecan scab. The fungus causes lesions and tissue death on pecan twigs, petioles, leaves, nuts and shucks beginning in early spring, with multiple cycles of infection repeating until late summer. Wind and rain spread the fungus to a susceptible host. Control of the disease is achieved by fungicide, sanitation and, in some cases, quarantine.

Since its first description in 1882, the pecan scab fungus has been reclassified ten times, with other names such as Fusicladium caryigenum, Cladosporium effusum and Cladosporium caryigenum commonly associated with the fungus.

Pecan
The pecan (/pɪˈkæn/ pih-KAN, also US: /pɪˈkɑːn, ˈpiːkæn/ pih-KAHN, PEE-kan, UK: /ˈpiːkən/ PEE-kən; Carya illinoinensis) is a species of hickory native to the Southern United States and northern Mexico in the region of the Mississippi River.

Originally native to the south-central U.S., the tree is cultivated for its seed primarily in the U.S. states of Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana and in Mexico. The seed is an edible nut used as a snack and in various recipes, such as praline candy and pecan pie. The pecan is the state nut of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Texas, and Louisiana, and is also the state tree of Texas.
Simon Moores
Simon David Moores is a British businessman and entrepreneur, specializing in the lithium ion battery and electric vehicle industry.

He is founder and CEO of Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, an independent market intel and price reporting agency for the lithium-ion battery to EV supply chain.

He established Benchmark Mineral Intelligence index that sets the lithium industry’s benchmark pricing for cobalt, graphite, nickel and battery cells.

Benchmark Mineral Intelligence
Benchmark Mineral Intelligence also known as Benchmark Minerals, is a London-based price reporting agency and specialist information provider for the lithium-ion battery to electric vehicle (EV) supply chain. It was founded by Simon Moores, the agency's majority owner, in 2014. The company had £11 million in assets as of 2022.
Battle of Kosmidion
The Battle of Kosmidion (Turkish: Eyüp Muharebesi) occurred on 15 June 1410, during the Ottoman Interregnum, and was fought between the forces of the rival brothers, Musa Çelebi and Süleyman Çelebi, at Kosmidion (modern Eyüp) just outside the land walls of Constantinople.

Ottoman Interregnum
The Ottoman Interregnum, or Ottoman Civil War, (Turkish: Fetret devri, lit. 'Interregnum period') was a civil war in the Ottoman realm between the sons of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I following their father's defeat and capture by Timur in the Battle of Ankara on 28 July 1402. Although Timur confirmed Mehmed Çelebi as sultan, Mehmed's brothers (İsa Çelebi, Musa Çelebi, Süleyman Çelebi, and later Mustafa Çelebi) refused to recognize his authority, each claiming the throne for himself, which resulted in civil war. The Interregnum would last a little under 11 years and culminate in the Battle of Çamurlu on 5 July 1413, when Mehmed Çelebi emerged as victor, crowned himself Sultan Mehmed I, and restored the empire.
Samuel Seabury
Samuel Seabury (November 30, 1729 – February 25, 1796) was the first American Episcopal bishop, the second Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, and the first Bishop of Connecticut. He was a leading Loyalist in New York City during the American Revolution and a known rival of Alexander Hamilton.

Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut
The Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut (also known as The Episcopal Church in Connecticut) is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the entire state of Connecticut. It is one of the nine original dioceses of the Episcopal Church and one of seven New England dioceses that make up Province 1.
Les Hauts-Geneveys
Les Hauts-Geneveys is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.

Le Pâquier, Neuchâtel
Le Pâquier (French pronunciation: [lə pakje]) is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.
Comrade in America
Comrade in America (abbreviated as CIA) is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language action adventure film directed by Amal Neerad, starring Dulquer Salmaan and Karthika Muralidharan in the lead roles. The music is composed by Gopi Sundar, and Renadive handles the cinematography. The film released on 5 May 2017, also the birth date of Karl Marx. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics and became a box office success. The film revolves around the travel of Aji (Dulquer Salmaan), a communist from Kerala who travels to the United States illegally (a "donkey flight") via Latin America and the Mexican border to get to his girlfriend Sarah (Karthika Muralidharan) in time before she is forced to marry another person.

Karthika Muralidharan
Karthika Muralidharan (born 18 January 1997) is an Indian actress who works in Malayalam film industry. She made her acting debut in 2017 with the Malayalam film Comrade in America co-starring Dulquer Salmaan. Her second movie was Uncle co-starring Mammootty. She is the daughter of cinematographer C. K. Muraleedharan.
Shavian alphabet
The Shavian alphabet (/ˈʃeɪviən/ SHAY-vee-ən; also known as the Shaw alphabet) is a constructed alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple, phonemic orthography for the English language to replace the inefficiencies and difficulties of conventional spelling using the Latin alphabet. It was posthumously funded by and named after the playwright George Bernard Shaw and designed by Ronald Kingsley Read, a professional signwriter and letterer.

Shaw set three main criteria for the new alphabet:

at least 40 letters (it ended up with 48, including ligatures);

as phonetic as possible (that is, letters should have a 1:1 correspondence to phonemes);

distinct from the Latin alphabet (to avoid the impression that the new spellings were simply misspellings).

English alphabet
Modern English is written with a Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters, with each having both uppercase and lowercase forms. The word alphabet is a compound of alpha and beta, the names of the first two letters in the Greek alphabet. The earliest Old English writing during the 5th century used a runic alphabet known as the futhorc. The Old English Latin alphabet was adopted from the 7th century onward—and over the following centuries, various letters entered and fell out of use. By the 16th century, the present set of 26 letters had largely stabilised:

There are 5 vowel letters (A, E, I, O, U) and 19 consonant letters—as well as 2 letters (Y and W) which may function as either type. Written English has a large number of digraphs, such as ⟨ch⟩, ⟨ea⟩, ⟨oo⟩, ⟨sh⟩, and ⟨th⟩. Diacritics are generally not used to write native English words, which is unusual among orthographies used to write the languages of Europe.
Constitution of Cuba
Even before attaining its independence from Spain, Cuba had several constitutions either proposed or adopted by insurgents as governing documents for territory they controlled during their war against Spain. Cuba has had several constitutions since winning its independence. The first constitution since the Cuban Revolution was drafted in 1976 and has since been amended. In 2018, Cuba became engaged in a major revision of its constitution. The current communist state constitution was then enacted in 2019.

Prime Minister of Cuba
The prime minister of Cuba (Spanish: primer ministro de Cuba) is the head of government of Cuba and the chair of the Council of Ministers (cabinet). The prime minister is the third-highest office in Cuba, after the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba and the president of Cuba, and the second-highest state office. The position was officially known as the president of the Council of Ministers (Spanish: presidente del Consejo de Ministros) between 1976 and 2019.
South Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
South Memphis, one of the oldest portions of Memphis, Tennessee, is a community stretching from Riverside Drive and E. H. Crump Blvd just south of Downtown south and east to Pendleton St. & Ketchum Rd., south of Orange Mound. In its early days, it was primarily an agrarian community. It was an independent city from 1846 to 1849, when it was annexed to Memphis.

Neighborhoods include Lauderdale Sub, Longview, Riverside, Lakeview Gardens, Prospect Park, Dukestown, Gaslight Square, Wilbert Heights, Mallory Heights, Dixie Heights, Barton Heights, Elliston Heights, Handy Holiday, Chickasaw Village, Pine Hill, Indian Hills, Bunker Hill, Boxtown, West Junction, Walker Homes, Nehemiah, and French Fort. Many locations in South Memphis are considered a hotbed for crime and violence due to the high amount of gang influence and the overall poverty level of the area. South Memphis is notable for its plentiful houses of worship.

Boxtown, Memphis
Boxtown is a neighborhood in South Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee near T. O. Fuller State Park. The oldest section of South Memphis, Boxtown includes White's Chapel AME Church, built in 1890. Boxtown has numerous shotgun houses.