hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diocese of Spiš
The Diocese of Spiš (Slovak: Spišská diecéza, Latin: Dioecesis Scepusiensis, Hungarian: Szepesi egyházmegye) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula. As of 2024 the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km2 with 610,040 people of which 452,310 (74.1%) are of Catholic faith. There are 363 priests in the diocese.

The seat was vacant for three years after the death of bishop Štefan Sečka. On 8 September 2023, Pope Francis named František Trstenský as the new bishop. Trstenský was inaugurated on 21 October in Spišská Kapitula.

Spišská Kapitula
Spišská Kapitula (German: Zipser Kapitel, Hungarian: Szepeshely or Szepesi Káptalan) (both meaning the "Spiš Chapter house") is an exceptionally well-preserved ecclesiastical town on the outskirts of Spišské Podhradie, Slovakia, and overlooking Spiš Castle. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Levoča, Spiš Castle and the associated cultural monuments".

The town consists of St. Martin's Cathedral (dedicated to St. Martin of Tours), a former monastery, and a single street, all of mediaeval construction and enclosed by a wall. The lower gate gives an extensive view of Spiš Castle, located on an opposite hill. Spišská Kapitula became the main seat of the church administration in the region in the 12th century. In 1776 it became the seat of the Diocese of Spiš (Szepes).
James Miller (architect)
James Miller FRSE FRIBA FRIAS RSA (1860–1947) was a Scottish architect, recognised for his commercial architecture in Glasgow and for his Scottish railway stations. Notable among these are the American-influenced Union Bank building at 110–20 St Vincent Street, while acknowledging Richard McLoud Morrison Gunn as the bank's chief designer; his 1901–1905 extensions to Glasgow Central railway station; and Wemyss Bay railway station on the Firth of Clyde. His lengthy career resulted in a wide range of building types, and, with the assistance of skilled draughtsmen such as Richard M Gunn, he adapted his designs to changing tastes and new architectural materials and technologies.

St Enoch subway station
St Enoch subway station is a station on the Glasgow Subway in Scotland. It is located  north of the River Clyde in Glasgow city centre. Although it does not have direct interchange with the main line railway, it is located approximately halfway between Glasgow Central railway station and Argyle Street railway station, within a few minutes' walk to both. The subway station is accessible via St Enoch Square.

Usage of the entire subway in 2007/08 was 14.45 million passengers, increased from 13.14 million in 2005/06.
Fosnøyna
Fosnøyna is an island in Austrheim Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 26.3-square-kilometre (10.2 sq mi) island makes up the majority of the land area of the municipality. The island is located east of the Fedjefjorden and south of the Fensfjorden. The island of Radøy lies just south of Fosnøyna and the mainland of the Lindås peninsula lies immediately to the east of Fosnøyna.

The highest point on the island is the 56-metre (184 ft) high Bredvikvarden. The island has some trees on it, but the northern part is fairly barren and rocky while the southern part is more marshy. There are two larger villages on the island: the village of Austrheim and the municipal centre of Årås.

The island is connected to the mainland road network by two bridges. A series of small bridges connects Fosnøyna to the mainland of Alver Municipality, west of Mongstad and the other connects the south end of Fosnøyna to the island of Radøy (which in turn is connected to the mainland.

Årås
Årås is the administrative centre of Austrheim Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located in the central part of the island of Fosnøyna, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northeast of the village of Austrheim.

The 0.67-square-kilometre (170-acre) village has a population (2025) of 616 and a population density of 919 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,380/sq mi).
1960 Indianapolis 500
The 44th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Monday, May 30, 1960. The event was race 2 of 12 of the 1960 USAC National Championship Trail and was also race 3 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers. It would be the final time World Championship points would be awarded at the Indy 500.

Often regarded as the greatest two-man duel in Indianapolis 500 history, the 1960 race saw a then-record 29 lead changes (a record that stood until 2012). Jim Rathmann and Rodger Ward battled out nearly the entire second half. Rathmann took the lead for good on lap 197 after Ward was forced to slow down with a worn out tire. Rathmann's margin of victory of 12.75 seconds was the second-closest finish in Indy history at the time.

The inaugural 500 Festival Open Invitation was held at the Speedway Golf Course in the four days leading up to the race.

1960 USAC Championship Car season
The 1960 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 12 races, beginning in Trenton, New Jersey on April 10 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona on November 20. There were also two non-championship events at Langhorne, Pennsylvania, and Pikes Peak, Colorado.  This was the final year that the Indianapolis 500 was a part of the Formula One World Championship.  The USAC National Champion was A. J. Foyt and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Jim Rathmann. Foyt also scored the first four victories of his career, which was four out of the final six races of the season which helped catapult him to his first series championship. Three time USAC/AAA National Champion (1954, 1956, 1957), and 1958 Indianapolis 500 winner Jimmy Bryan, was killed in an accident during the Langhorne 100 at Langhorne Speedway; he was 34 years old.
Badrinath
Badrinath is a town and nagar panchayat in Chamoli district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is a Hindu holy place, and is one of the four sites in India's Char Dham pilgrimage. It is also part of India's Chota Char Dham pilgrimage circuit and gets its name from the Badrinath Temple.

Alaknanda River
The Alaknanda is a Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and a river considered holy in Hinduism. In hydrology, the Alaknanda is considered the source stream of the Ganges on account of its greater length and discharge; while, in Hindu tradition and culture, the other headstream, the Bhagirathi, is considered the source stream.
Catopsis berteroniana
Catopsis berteroniana /kəˈtɒpsɪs ˌbɜːrtəˌroʊniˈɑːnə/, commonly known as the powdery strap airplant or the lantern of the forest, is an epiphytic bromeliad thought to be a possible carnivorous plant, similar to Brocchinia reducta, although the evidence is equivocal. Its native range is from southern Florida to southern Brazil.  It generally grows on the unshaded twigs of trees, and has been shown experimentally to trap more insects in its tank than other bromeliads of comparable size. There are several other species in the genus, none of which is believed to be carnivorous.

Brocchinia reducta
Brocchinia reducta /brɒˈkɪniə riːˈdʌktə/ is a carnivorous plant in the bromeliad family. It is native to southern Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, and Guyana, and is found in areas with nutrient-poor, high moisture soil. B. reducta is able to grow in sparse conditions, which is evident when it uses its roots as anchors over rocks. Its funnel-like structure and waxy coating, among other characteristics, suggest that this plant is carnivorous.
Darumbal language
Darumbal, also spelt Dharambal, is an Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland in Australia declared extinct. It was spoken in the Rockhampton area of Queensland, as well as on the Capricorn Coast, and Yeppoon islands. Dialects were Guwinmal, Karunbara, Rakiwara It is classified with Bayali as a Kingkel language, but the two are not close, with a low 21% shared vocabulary. Indeed, Angela Terrill states that "there is no evidence on which to base a claim of a low-level genetic group including Dharumbal with any other language".

Kingkel languages
Kingkel is a putative small branch of the Pama–Nyungan family in Queensland, consisting of:

Bayali

Dharumbal.

The two languages are not close.

Bowern (2011) reclassified Darumbal as a Maric language, but did not address Bayali. Bouckaert, Bower, and Atkinson (2018), based on more data and languages of the region, classify Darumbal as a sister of Mbabaram (and therefore related to Maric languages, though as the first to branch off within that group). Bayali is grouped with the Waka-Kabi languages to the south.
Macedonian dynasty
The Macedonian dynasty (Ancient Greek: Μακεδονική Δυναστεία) ruled the Byzantine Empire from 867 to 1056, following the Amorian dynasty. During this period, the Byzantine state reached its greatest extent since the early Muslim conquests, and the Macedonian Renaissance in letters and arts began. The dynasty was named after its founder, Basil I the Macedonian, who came from the theme of Macedonia in the region of Thrace.

Macedonia (theme)
The Theme of Macedonia (Greek: θέμα Μακεδονίας théma Makedonías) was a military-civilian province (theme) of the Byzantine Empire established between the late 8th century and the early 9th century. The theme of Macedonia had limited geographical relation to the previous province of Macedonia and mainly lay in the southwestern parts of what previously was the adjacent Diocese of Thrace. Its capital was Adrianople.
Polygraph (duplicating device)
A polygraph is a duplicating device that produces a copy of a piece of writing simultaneously with the creation of the original, using pens and ink.

Patented by John Isaac Hawkins on May 17, 1803, it was most famously used by  the third U.S. president, Thomas Jefferson, who acquired his first polygraph in 1804 and later suggested improvements to Charles Willson Peale, owner of the American rights. Because Jefferson was a prolific letter writer, the preservation of his copies have offered historians extensive insights into Jefferson's viewpoints and actions.
Jefferson called the polygraph "the finest invention of the present age".

Another American, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, was the first customer of Peale's and not only introduced the device to Jefferson but was also instrumental in its improvement.

Mechanisms of this type are more generally known as pantographs, which include simple devices for making copies at various enlargements or reductions by tracing over a drawing.

Pantograph
A pantograph (from Greek  παντ- 'all, every' and  γραφ- 'to write', from its original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen or stylus, in tracing an image, produces mimic movements recorded by a second pen. If a line drawing is traced by the first point, an identical, enlarged, or miniaturized copy will be drawn by a pen fixed to the other. Using the same principle, different kinds of pantographs are used for other forms of duplication in areas such as sculpting, minting, engraving, and milling.
Jeremy Hardy
Jeremy James Hardy (17 July 1961 – 1 February 2019) was an English comedian. Born and raised in Hampshire, Hardy studied at the University of Southampton and began his stand-up career in the 1980s, going on to win the Perrier Comedy Award at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1988. He is best known for his appearances on radio panel shows such as the News Quiz and I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue.

Hamish and Dougal
Hamish and Dougal are two characters from the long-running BBC Radio 4 radio comedy panel game I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue, played by Barry Cryer and Graeme Garden, who later went on to have their own Radio 4 series, You'll Have Had Your Tea: The Doings of Hamish and Dougal. The series is occasionally broadcast on the BBC's repeat station, Radio 4 Extra.
Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Plant
Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Plant (Russian: Новокузнецкий металлургический комбинат) is a major Russian steel producer in the city of Novokuznetsk in Kemerovo Oblast in southwestern Siberia. The company's name is abbreviated to NKMK (Russian:НКМК). The company specializes in the production of rails for railroads. NKMK is a subsidiary of the Evraz Group, a leading Russian steel company.  As of September 26, 2022, the Plant is on fire and major portions of it have burned down.

Evraz
EVRAZ plc (Russian: Евраз) is a UK-incorporated multinational steel manufacturing and mining company part-owned by Russian oligarchs. It has operations mainly in Russia as well as the USA, Canada, and Kazakhstan.

Its listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) has been suspended since March 2022 because of sanctions over the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As of November 2025 the shares remained suspended.
The Fair Penitent
The Fair Penitent is Nicholas Rowe's stage adaptation of the tragedy The Fatal Dowry, the Philip Massinger and Nathan Field collaboration first published in 1632. Rowe's adaptation, premiered onstage in 1702 and first published in 1703, was a great popular success through much of the 18th century, and was praised by critics as demanding as Samuel Johnson ("There is scarcely any work of any poet so interesting by the fable and so delightful in the language").

In making his adaptation, Rowe eliminated characters and simplified the action "to create a more focused play than the original." He pursued "neoclassical simplicity" but in the process sacrificed the "underlying moral principles" of the original. Rowe shifted the setting from Dijon to Genoa, and changed the main characters' names.

The Fatal Dowry
The Fatal Dowry is a late Jacobean era stage play, a tragedy written by Philip Massinger and Nathan Field, and first published in 1632. It represents a significant aspect of Field's very limited dramatic output.

Though hard evidence is lacking, the play is thought to have been composed c. 1619; it may have been the last writing for the theatre done by Field before his death in 1620. The play was acted by the King's Men at the Blackfriars Theatre. The 1632 quarto was printed by John Norton for the bookseller Francis Constable. The quarto's text is corrupt and badly printed.
Krasnogorsk constituency
The Krasnogorsk constituency (No.120) is a Russian legislative constituency in Moscow Oblast. The constituency covers northwestern Moscow Oblast, including the de-facto oblast capital Krasnogorsk.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Sergey Kolunov, a construction businessman and real estate developer, who won the open seat, succeeding five-term United Russia incumbent Martin Shakkum.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana
Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana was a 63,414-acre (256.63 km2) Spanish land concession in present-day Orange County, California, given by Spanish Alta California governor José Joaquín de Arrillaga in 1810 to Jose Antonio Yorba and his nephew Pablo Peralta.  The grant extended eastward from the Santa Ana River to the Santa Ana Mountains, with a length of more than 22 miles (35 km).

The lands encompass present-day Santa Ana, Orange, Villa Park, Anaheim Hills,  El Modena, Tustin, Costa Mesa, and a part of Irvine, which was formerly known as Rancho Lomas de Santiago and was titled to one of the Yorbas.

Rancho Lomas de Santiago
Rancho Lomas de Santiago was a 47,227-acre (191 km2) Mexican land grant given by Mexican governor Pío Pico to Teodosio Yorba in 1846.  The name means "Hills of St. James".  The rancho included parts of present-day Irvine and Tustin in what is now eastern Orange County, California.
Dakar–Saint-Louis railway
The railroad linking Dakar (Senegal) to Saint-Louis (French: Chemin de fer Dakar-Saint-Louis) was the first railroad line in French West Africa when it opened in 1885. The section between Dakar and Mekhe remains in use for freight traffic. Beyond Mekhe the line is no longer in service.

Dakar–Niger Railway
The Dakar–Niger Railway (French: Chemin de fer Dakar-Niger) connects Dakar, Senegal to Koulikoro, Mali. The name refers to the Niger River, not the Republic of Niger. It serves many cities in Senegal, including Thiès, and in Mali, including Kayes, Kita, Kati, Bamako. The line covers a course of 1,287 km of which 641 km lies in Mali.

There have been no international passenger trains in operation since 2010. A scheduled passenger service between Kayes and Bamoko (both in Mali) restarted in 2023.
Wilhelm Dörpfeld
Wilhelm Dörpfeld (26 December 1853 – 25 April 1940) was a German architect and archaeologist, a pioneer of stratigraphic excavation and precise graphical documentation of archaeological projects. He is famous for his work on Bronze Age sites around the Mediterranean, such as Tiryns and Hisarlik (the site of the legendary city of Troy), where he continued Heinrich Schliemann's excavations. Like Schliemann, Dörpfeld was an advocate of the historical reality of places mentioned in the works of Homer. While the details of his claims regarding locations mentioned in Homer's writings are not considered accurate by later archaeologists, his fundamental idea that they correspond to real places is accepted. Thus, his work greatly contributed to not only scientific techniques and study of these historically significant sites but also a renewed public interest in the culture and the mythology of Ancient Greece.

Nydri
Nydri (Greek: Νυδρί) is a town and a community on the eastern coast of the island of Lefkada, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit Ellomenos. The community includes the small village Rachi. The Greek National Road 42 (Vasiliki - Lefkada (city) - Amfilochia) passes through the town. Nydri is a popular tourist town. In the sea in front of Nydri are several small islands including Madouri, Skorpios, Skorpidi and Sparti. The island Skorpios is the property of the Ribolovlev family.

The German archaeologist Wilhelm Dörpfeld, having examined the geographical descriptions of Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey believed  that Lefkada was Homer's Ithaca, and that the palace of Odysseus was located west of Nydri on the south coast of Lefkada. He performed extensive excavations at Nydri and uncovered Mycenaean tombs, walls, ruins and artefacts which supported his hypothesis. Dörpfeld spent the last years of his life at Nydri and he is buried there.
Saint-Lô
Saint-Lô (US: /sæ̃ ˈloʊ, seɪnt -, sənt -/, French: [sɛ̃ lo] ⓘ; Breton: Sant Lo) is a commune in northwest France, the capital of the Manche department in the region of Normandy.

Although it is the second largest city of Manche after Cherbourg, it remains the prefecture of the department. It is also chef-lieu of an arrondissement and two cantons (Saint-Lô-1 and Saint-Lô-2). The place name derives from that of a local saint, Laud of Coutances.

The commune has 18,931 inhabitants who are called Saint-Lois(es). The names of Laudois(es), Laudien(ne)s or Laudinien(ne)s are also cited. A martyr city of World War II, Saint-Lô was decorated with the Legion of Honour in 1948 and was given the nickname "Capital of the Ruins", a phrase popularised by Samuel Beckett.

Cotentin Peninsula
The Cotentin Peninsula (US: /ˌkoʊtɒ̃ˈtæ̃/, French: [kɔtɑ̃tɛ̃]; Norman: Cotentîn [kotɑ̃ˈtẽ] ⓘ), also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy that forms part of the northwest coast of France.  It extends north-westward into the English Channel, towards Great Britain. To its west lie the Gulf of Saint-Malo and the Channel Islands, and to the southwest lies the peninsula of Brittany.

The peninsula lies wholly within the department of Manche, in the region of Normandy.
Brent Ashley
Brent Ashley is an American musician who was the former bassist for industrial metal band Combichrist and former bassist for the Natural Born Killers featuring Max Green of Escape The Fate. He is also a former member of Static-X and was also a part of Wayne Static's solo project band in support of his album Pighammer. Other past bands include The Dreaming, Orgy, Skold, Lacey Conner, September Mourning, Leisure, Davey Suicide, Psyclon Nine and Synical. Ashley and Green started a band called Violent New Breed. Their first album was out in 2016.

Wayne Static
Wayne Richard Wells (November 4, 1965 – November 1, 2014), known professionally as Wayne Static, was an American musician, best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, keyboardist, and primary lyricist for the industrial metal band Static-X, of which he was the only constant member until his death in 2014. He also released a solo album, Pighammer, in 2011. Static was recognizable for his unusual hairstyle; his hair was held up in a vertical position, a process that took about 20 minutes to complete (45 minutes, according to his mother). He was also known for his signature "chintail" beard.
Lois Burwell
Lois Burwell (born 1960) is a British Oscar-winning makeup artist.  She won the Best Makeup Oscar at the 68th Academy Awards for the film Braveheart, which she shared with Peter Frampton and Paul Pattison. She received her second Academy Award nomination at the 71st Academy Awards  for Saving Private Ryan (losing to Elizabeth), which she shared with Conor O'Sullivan and Daniel C. Striepeke. She frequently collaborates with Steven Spielberg, having worked on five of his films.

Paul Pattison
Paul Pattison is an Oscar-winning makeup artist who was a member of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. He, along with Lois Burwell and Peter Frampton, won at the 68th Academy Awards in 1995 for Best Makeup for the film Braveheart. He also won the BAFTA award for his work on Braveheart in 1996. In 2004 and 2012 he was a nominee for the Primetime Emmy Award for his work on Ike: Countdown to D-Day and Hemingway & Gellhorn. His work on Hemingway & Gellhorn also won the Online Film & Television Association award. Paul won the APDG and AACTA Awards for his work on Mad Max: Fury Road in 2015 and Lambs of God in 2019. He is also known for his work on The Cave.
Mann Egerton
Mann, Egerton & Company Ltd. was an automotive and aerospace company which was headquartered in Norwich, United Kingdom. During its history the company was variously active in automotive retailing, aircraft manufacturing, automotive coachbuilding, and electrical services.

It was formally founded in 1905 by Gerald Mann, an electrical engineer and Hubert Egerton, although the two had been working in partnership for a number of preceding years (the logo “Tern” used in the 1960s was often accompanied by the statement “ESTD. 1898”). Besides car dealing the company continued electrical installation work.

Short Type 184
The Short Admiralty Type 184, often called the Short 225 after the power rating of the engine first fitted, was a British two-seat reconnaissance, bombing and torpedo carrying folding-wing seaplane designed by Horace Short of Short Brothers. It was first flown in 1915 and remained in service until after the armistice in 1918. A Short 184 was the first aircraft to sink a ship using a torpedo, and another was the only British aircraft to take part in the Battle of Jutland.