hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exmouth to Starcross Ferry
The Exmouth to Starcross Ferry is a passenger ferry which crosses the mouth of the River Exe in the English county of Devon. It links the port town of Exmouth on the eastern side of the Exe estuary to the village of Starcross on the western side. The ferry is operated by Exe to Sea Cruises.

On the Exmouth side it departs from the ferry steps at Exmouth Marina. On the Starcross side it departs from Starcross Pier, adjacent to Starcross railway station on the Riviera Line. The ferry operates on an hourly basis during the day, from Easter to October, and can accommodate cycles. The operators also run cruises along the Exe estuary and trips around Dawlish Bay.

Exmouth
Exmouth /ˈɛksməθ/ is a port town, civil parish, and seaside resort located on the east bank at the mouth of the River Exe, approximately 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Exeter, in the county of Devon, England.

According to the 2021 Census, Exmouth has a population of 35,488, making it the fifth largest settlement in Devon by population.

Historically known as a popular seaside resort, Exmouth is noted for its long sandy beaches, marina, and watersports opportunities, attracting visitors in good weather. It also serves as a commuter town for nearby Exeter.
Sengkang Sports Centre
Sengkang Sports Centre (Chinese: 盛港体育休闲中心; pinyin: Shènggǎng tǐyù xiūxián zhōngxīn; Malay: Pusat Sukan dan Rekreasi Sengkang; Tamil: விளையாட்டு மற்றும் பொழுதுபோக்கு மையம்), formerly known as Sengkang Sports and Recreation Centre, is a sports complex in Anchorvale of Sengkang New Town, Singapore, near Farmway LRT station. It was scheduled to open in end 2007, but its inauguration was delayed until mid-late 2008.

Sengkang
Sengkang (locally /ˈseɪŋkɑːŋ/, Chinese: 盛港, Tamil: செங்காங்) is a planning area and residential town located in the North-East Region of Singapore. The town is the second-most populous in the region, being home to 249,370 residents in 2020. Sengkang shares boundaries with Seletar and Punggol in the north, Pasir Ris and Paya Lebar in the east, Hougang and Serangoon to the south, as well as Yishun and Ang Mo Kio to the west.

Originally a fishing village, Sengkang was rapidly developed by the Housing and Development Board (HDB) into a mature housing estate.
Juray language
Juray is a Munda language of India, spoken in Gajapati district in southern Odisha. It is very close to Sora: Gregory Anderson (2008:299) considers Juray to be a Sora dialect. It is currently severely endangered.

Sora language
Sora (Sora pronunciation: [ˈsoːra] or [soʔoːˈra]) is a south Munda language belonging to the Austroasiatic family, spoken by the Sora people, an ethnic group of eastern India, mainly in the states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Sora contains very little formal literature but has an abundance of folk tales and traditions. Most of the knowledge passed down from generation to generation is transmitted orally. Like many languages in eastern India, Sora is listed as 'vulnerable to extinction' by UNESCO. Sora speakers are concentrated in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. The language is endangered according to the International Mother Language Institute (IMLI).
Kamchiya Glacier
Kamchiya Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Камчия, romanized: lednik Kamchiya, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈkamt͡ʃijɐ]) is located on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated south of the glacial divide between the Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait, and south of Tundzha Glacier, west-southwest of Pimpirev Glacier and east of Verila Glacier.  The glacier extends 5 km along an east–west axis and is 2.2 km wide, draining into South Bay between Ereby Point and Memorable Beach.

The feature is named after the Kamchiya River in northeastern Bulgaria.

Pimpirev Glacier
Pimpirev Glacier (Bulgarian: Пимпирев ледник, romanized: Pimpirev lednik, IPA: [pimˈpirɛf ˈlɛdnik]) on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is situated south of the glacial divide between the Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait, southeast of Tundzha Glacier, southwest of Saedinenie Snowfield, west of Perunika Glacier and east-northeast of Kamchiya Glacier.  The feature extends 5.5 km in a southeast-northwest direction, and 1.8 km in northwest-southeast direction. The glacier drains southeastwards towards Pimpirev Beach, mostly terminating on the shore, and on several occasions penetrating the South Bay waters east-northeast of Ereby Point.
London—Middlesex
London—Middlesex (also known as Middlesex East riding) was a federal electoral district that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1997. It was located in the province of Ontario.

Middlesex East riding was created in 1976 from parts of Huron—Middlesex, London East and Middlesex—London—Lambton ridings. It initially consisted of the Townships of Biddulph, London, North Dorchester, Westminster and West Nissouri (excluding the Village of Belmont) and the southeast part of the City of London.

The name of the electoral district was changed in 1977 to "London-Middlesex".

In 1987, the Village of Belmont and the Village of Lucan were added. The City of London portion of the riding was redefined.

The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was redistributed between Elgin—Middlesex—London, London West, London—Adelaide, London—Fanshawe and Perth—Middlesex ridings.

Perth—Middlesex
Perth—Middlesex was an electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2003 and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1999 to 2007.

This riding was created in 1996 from parts of Lambton—Middlesex, London—Middlesex and Perth—Wellington—Waterloo ridings. It consisted of:

the County of Perth (including the City of Stratford and the Town of St Mary's) and
the northeast part of the County of Middlesex (consisting of the Townships of McGillivray, East Williams, Lobo, Biddulph and West Nissouri).

The electoral district was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed between Elgin—Middlesex—London, Middlesex—Kent—Lambton and Perth Wellington ridings.
Magica (album)
Magica is the eighth studio album by American heavy metal band Dio. A concept album, it was produced by frontman Ronnie James Dio and released on March 21, 2000, through Spitfire Records.

The album marks the return of guitarist Craig Goldy, who also has performed on Dio's album Dream Evil and in the later release Master of the Moon. Magica also features Jimmy Bain on bass and Simon Wright on drums. The album was originally planned to be the first part of a trilogy of concept albums. Shortly before beginning his tour with Heaven & Hell, Dio announced his intention to start the Magica II & III album after the tour's end, but he died shortly after of stomach cancer on May 16, 2010. The only song released from Magica II & III was titled "Electra".

Master of the Moon
Master of the Moon is the tenth and final studio album by American heavy metal band Dio. It was released on August 30, 2004 in Europe through SPV/Steamhammer and on September 7, 2004 in the US through Sanctuary Records. It was produced by Ronnie James Dio.
Swedish Graphic Workers' Union
The Swedish Graphic Workers' Union (Swedish: Grafiska Fackförbundet, Grafiska or GF) was a trade union representing printing industry workers in Sweden.

The union was founded when the Swedish Bookbinders' Union merged with the Swedish Lithographic Union and the Swedish Typographers' Union.  The merger was agreed at a congress held in Stockholm on 17 August 1972, and the new union was formed on 1 January 1973.  Like all its predecessors, GF affiliated to the Swedish Trade Union Confederation.

Upon its foundation, the union had 33,162 members, and the number grew to a peak of 40,491 in 1989.  Membership then declined, in line with employment in the industry, and by 2008 it was down to only 17,251.  In 2009, it merged with the Swedish Forest and Wood Workers' Union, to form GS.

Swedish Bookbinders' Union
The Swedish Bookbinders' Union (Swedish: Svenska Bokbindareförbundet, SBbaf) was a trade union representing bookbinders in Sweden.

The union was founded on 18 March 1893 as the Swedish Bookbinding Workers' Union, and set up headquarters in Stockholm.  It was an early member of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation, joining in 1900.  It grew steadily, from 356 members at the end of 1893, to 1,828 in 1908.  By 1910, membership had fallen back to 496, but growth then resumed in earnest.  By 1970, it had 12,192 members.

The union's journal for many years was the Bokbinderi-Arbetaren, but from 1960 it instead published Grafisk revy jointly with the Swedish Typographers' Union (Typograf).  On 1 January 1973, the union merged with Typograf and the Swedish Lithographic Union, to form the Swedish Graphic Workers' Union.
Malaysia Federal Route 98
Federal Route 98, or Jalan Temerloh-Jerantut, is a main federal road in Pahang, Malaysia. The roads connects Jerantut in the north to Temerloh in the south. It is also a main route to East Coast Expressway via Temerloh Interchange and also Taman Negara. 
The route starts at Temerloh, at its interchange with the Federal Route 87.

Temerloh
Temerloh is a municipality in central Pahang, Malaysia. Located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) from Kuala Lumpur along the Kuantan–Kuala Lumpur trunk road, Temerloh is the second largest urban area in Pahang after Kuantan, the state capital city. It is situated at the confluence of the Pahang and Semantan Rivers. Today, Temerloh usually refers to the territory under the administration of Temerloh Municipal Council which includes Mentakab, Lanchang, Kuala Krau and Kerdau.

An old town with some colonial buildings and shophouses, the town has prospered in recent years as a transport hub and new industrial centre. There have been many new commercial and industrial hubs built in Temerloh in recent years. Cutting travel time in half, the East Coast Expressway links the town to Kuala Lumpur and Kuantan and adds to the growth of Temerloh.
Crystal gazing
Crystal gazing or crystallomancy is a method for seeing visions achieved through trance induction by means of gazing at a crystal, commonly in the form of a crystal ball. Traditionally, it has been seen as a form of divination or scrying, with visions of the future and of the divine, though research into the content of crystal-visions suggest the visions are related to the expectations and thoughts of the seer.

Julius and Agnes Zancig
Julius and Agnes Zancig were American stage magicians and writers on occultism who performed a spectacularly successful two-person mentalism act during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Julius Zancig (1857–1929) – born Julius Jörgensen in Copenhagen, Denmark – and his wife Agnes Claussen Jörgensen (c.1850s −1916) – also born in Copenhagen, and known as Agnes Zancig – were the originators of the routine.

The Zancigs managed to fool many spiritualists into believing they had genuine psychic powers. Julius later confessed that their mentalist acts were based on a complex code that they had utilized.
2nd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 2nd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Major George H. Gordon (later Brigadier General), a West Point graduate and veteran of the Mexican–American War, organized the unit's recruitment and formation. The 2nd Massachusetts was trained at Camp Andrew in West Roxbury, Massachusetts on the site of the former Transcendentalist utopian community, Brook Farm. Roughly half the regiment was mustered in on May 18, 1861 and the remainder on May 25, 1861 for a term of three years. The regiment saw extensive combat as part of the Army of the Potomac particularly during the Battle of Antietam and the Battle of Gettysburg.

Camp Andrew
Camp Andrew is a former American Civil War training camp that existed in 1861 in West Roxbury, Massachusetts. It was named for John Albion Andrew, governor of Massachusetts at the time, and was used for the initial organization of the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment in May–July 1861. The site was on the former Brook Farm, a utopian socialist community from 1841 through 1847. As a youth, Robert Gould Shaw was taken on visits to Brook Farm by his father. He is most famous as the commander of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. In his early military career he trained at Camp Andrew as an officer of the 2nd Massachusetts.
Polynomial differential form
In algebra, the ring of polynomial differential forms on the standard n-simplex  is the differential graded algebra:

Varying n, it determines the simplicial commutative dg algebra:

(each  induces the map ).

Simplicial commutative ring
In algebra, a simplicial commutative ring is a commutative monoid in the category of simplicial abelian groups, or, equivalently, a simplicial object in the category of commutative rings. If A is a simplicial commutative ring, then it can be shown that  is a ring and  are modules over that ring (in fact,  is a graded ring over .)

A topology-counterpart of this notion is a commutative ring spectrum.
Daqin Pagoda
The Daqin Pagoda (Chinese: 大秦塔) is a Buddhist pagoda in Zhouzhi County of Xi'an (formerly Chang'an), Shaanxi Province, China, located about two kilometres to the west of Louguantai temple. The pagoda has been claimed as a Church of the East in China church from the Tang dynasty but there has been no conclusive evidence of such a connection.

Louguantai
The Louguantai Temple (Chinese: 楼观台寺), in Tayu village (塔峪村), Zhouzhi county, Shaanxi province, about 70 km west of Xi'an, is the place where tradition says that Laozi composed the Tao Te Ching.

Louguantai Temple.

Lao Tze statue.

The Daqin Pagoda is located less than one mile to the west of Louguantai.
Edward Ardizzone
Edward Jeffrey Irving Ardizzone, CBE RA (16 October 1900 – 8 November 1979), who sometimes signed his work "DIZ", was a British painter, printmaker and war artist, and the author and illustrator of books, many of them for children. For Tim All Alone (Oxford, 1956), which he wrote and illustrated, Ardizzone won the inaugural Kate Greenaway Medal from the Library Association for the year's best children's book illustration by a British subject. For the 50th anniversary of the Medal in 2005, the book was named one of the top ten winning titles, selected by a panel to compose the ballot for public election of an all-time favourite.

James Reeves (writer)
John Morris Reeves, known as James Reeves (1 July 1909 – 1 May 1978) was a British writer principally known for his poetry, plays and contributions to children's literature and the literature of collected traditional songs. His published books include poetry, stories and anthologies for both adults and children. He was also well known as a literary critic and a broadcaster.
Database normalization
Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer scientist Edgar F. Codd as part of his relational model.

Normalization entails organizing the columns (attributes) and tables (relations) of a database to ensure that their dependencies are properly enforced by database integrity constraints. It is accomplished by applying some formal rules either by a process of synthesis (creating a new database design) or decomposition (improving an existing database design).

Data redundancy
In computer main memory, auxiliary storage and computer buses, data redundancy is the existence of data that is additional to the actual data and permits correction of errors in stored or transmitted data. The additional data can simply be a complete copy of the actual data (a type of repetition code), or only select pieces of data that allow detection of errors and reconstruction of lost or damaged data up to a certain level.

For example, by including computed check bits, ECC memory is capable of detecting and correcting single-bit errors within each memory word, while RAID 1 combines two hard disk drives (HDDs) into a logical storage unit that allows stored data to survive a complete failure of one drive.  Data redundancy can also be used as a measure against silent data corruption; for example, file systems such as Btrfs and ZFS use data and metadata checksumming in combination with copies of stored data to detect silent data corruption and repair its effects.
Skorenovac
Skorenovac (Serbian: Скореновац; Hungarian: Székelykeve; German: Skorenowatz; Banat Bulgarian: Gjurgevo) is a village located in the Kovin municipality, in the South Banat District of Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority (86.71%) and a population of 2,574 (2002 census).

Székelys of Bukovina
The Székelys of Bukovina are a small Hungarian ethnic community with a complex history. They live today in three countries: in the Tolna and Baranya counties of Hungary; in Hunedoara County, Transylvania and Suceava County, Bukovina, both in Romania; and in the Serbian province of Vojvodina.
Xiandao dialect
The Xiandao language (Xiandao: Chintau [kʰan³¹tau³¹]; Chinese: 仙岛) is an endangered Burmish language spoken by the Xiandao people who live at the border area between Myanmar and Yunnan, China. It is closely related to the Achang language and is considered by many scholars to be an Achang dialect, due to similarities in syntax and vocabulary. This is one way in which Xiandao can be described. The second is as an independent language due to the social and cultural differences between the Xiandao and Achang people.

Burmish languages
The Burmish languages are a subgroup of the Sino-Tibetan languages consisting of Burmese (including Standard Burmese, Arakanese, and other Burmese dialects such as the Tavoyan dialects) as well as non-literary languages spoken across Myanmar and South China such as Achang, Lhao Vo, Lashi, and Zaiwa.

The various Burmish languages have a total of 35 million native speakers.
Child euthanasia in Nazi Germany
Child euthanasia (German: Kinder-Euthanasie) was the name given to the organized killing of mentally and physically disabled children and teenagers up to 16 years old during the Nazi era in over 30 so-called "special children's wards". At least 5,000 children were victims of the program, which was a precursor to the subsequent murder of children in the concentration camps. This was among the most notable Nazi crimes against children.

Hitler's Chancellery
Hitler's Chancellery, officially known as the Kanzlei des Führers der NSDAP ("Chancellery of the Führer of the Nazi Party"; abbreviated as KdF) was a Nazi Party organization. Also known as the Privatkanzlei des Führers ("Private Chancellery of the Führer") the agency served as the private chancellery of Adolf Hitler, handling different issues pertaining to matters such as complaints against party officials, appeals from party courts, official judgments, clemency petitions by NSDAP fellows and Hitler's personal affairs. The Chancellery of the Führer was also a key player in the Nazi euthanasia program.
Upper Batkhela
Upper Batkhela is one of three administrative unit, known as Union council, of Batkhela Tehsil other being the Lower Batkhela and Middle Batkhela in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Malakand has 2 Tehsils i.e. Swat Ranizai and Sam Ranizai. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of Union councils. There are 28 union councils in district Malakand.

Batkhela
Batkhela (Pashto: بټ خېله, Urdu: بٹ خیلہ) is a city, tehsil and the district headquarter of the Malakand District within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the population of Batkhela was recorded at 68,200. Batkhela is considered as one of the most popular business cities in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.  A water canal that pours into a small dam in the Jabban area near Batkhela is the main source of electricity production here.

Batkhela General Civil Headquarters Hospital is the main hospital of the district Malakand.
Batkhela's main bazaar is more than 4.0 Kilometres long. Making it Asia's longest Bazar.
The Co-operative Group
The Co-operative Group Limited, trading as Co-op and formerly known as the Co-operative Wholesale Society, is a British consumer co-operative with a group of retail businesses, including grocery retail and wholesale, legal services, funerals and insurance, and social enterprise.

The group has its headquarters located at One Angel Square in Manchester, England. The Group also manages the Co-operative Federal Trading Services, formerly the Co-operative Retail Trading Group (CRTG).

Cooperative federation
A cooperative federation or secondary cooperative is a cooperative in which all members are, in turn, cooperatives.
Historically, cooperative federations have predominantly come in the form of cooperative wholesale societies and cooperative unions. Cooperative federations are a means through which cooperatives can fulfill the sixth Cooperative Principle, cooperation among cooperatives. The International Cooperative Alliance notes that “Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures.”
Bertie Cunningham
Bernard P. Cunningham (1939 – 19 January 2023) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. At club level played with Ballivor and at inter-county level with the Meath senior football team. Cunningham usually lined out as a centre-back.

Meath GAA
The Meath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste na Mí) or Meath GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Meath, as well as for Meath county teams.
Privilege of Buda
The Privilege of Buda (also known as the Treaty of Buda) was a set of promises and concessions made to ensure that Louis I of Hungary would succeed to his uncle Casimir III's Polish throne, thus enabling the union of Hungary and Poland.

Union of Hungary and Poland
Personal union between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Poland was achieved twice: under Louis I of Hungary, in 1370–1382, and under Władysław III of Poland in 1440–1444. An earlier union was also accomplished by Wenceslaus III of Bohemia for a few months in 1305, although he was heavily resisted by local nobles in both kingdoms, and gave up the Hungarian crown soon after.
Line matrix printer
A line matrix printer is a computer printer that is a compromise between a line printer and a dot matrix printer.  A line matrix printer prints page-wide lines of dots at a time, building up a line of text by printing lines of dots.

Printer (computing)
A printer is a peripheral machine which makes a durable representation of graphics or text, usually on paper. While most output is human-readable, bar code printers are an example of an expanded use for printers. Different types of printers include 3D printers, inkjet printers, laser printers, and thermal printers.