hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iwate-Numakunai Station
Iwate-Numakunai Station (いわて沼宮内駅, Iwate-Numakunai-eki) is a junction railway station in the town of Iwate, Iwate, Japan, operated by JR East for the Tohoku Shinkansen and the third-sector railway operator Iwate Ginga Railway Company for local services.

Iwate, Iwate
Iwate (岩手町, Iwate-machi) is a town located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2020, the town had an estimated population of 13,111, and a population density of 36 persons per km2 in 5455 households. The total area of the town is 360.46 square kilometres (139.17 sq mi).
SS La Touraine
SS La Touraine was an ocean liner that sailed for the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique from the 1890s to the 1920s. Built in France in 1891, she was primarily employed in transatlantic service on the North Atlantic. The liner was scrapped in Dunkirk in October 1923.

SS Volturno (1906)
49°12′N 34°51′W﻿ / ﻿49.200°N 34.850°W﻿ / 49.200; -34.850

SS Volturno was an ocean liner that caught fire and was eventually scuttled in the North Atlantic in October 1913. She was a Royal Line ship under charter to the Uranium Line at the time of the fire. After the ship issued SOS signals, eleven ships came to her aid and, in heavy seas and gale winds, rescued 521 passengers and crewmen. In total 135 people died in the incident, most of them women and children in lifeboats launched unsuccessfully prior to the arrival of the rescue ships.
Pseudochapsa isidiifera
Pseudochapsa isidiifera is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was first formally described as a new species in 2009 by the lichenologists Andreas Frisch and Klaus Kalb, as a member of the genus Chapsa. The type specimen was collected by Kalb in 1980 in a rainforest along the Rio Negro, between 100 and 200 km (62 and 124 mi) upstream from Manaus. The species epithet isidiifera refers to the presence of isidia on the thallus. Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch transferred the taxon to the genus Pseudochapsa in 2012.

Pseudochapsa
Pseudochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 19 species. It was circumscribed in 2012 by Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, with Pseudochapsa dilatata as the type species. Pseudochapsa differs from Chapsa (the genus from which it was segregated) it that its excipulum (the rim of tissue around the apothecia) is typically brown. Additionally, its ascospores are mostly discoseptate and amyloid. The generic name combines the Greek pseudo ("false") with the genus name Chapsa.
Snowy albatross
The snowy albatross (Diomedea exulans), also known as the wandering albatross, white-winged albatross, or goonie, is a large seabird from the family Diomedeidae; they have a circumpolar range in the Southern Ocean. It is the largest species of albatross and was long considered to be the same species as the Tristan albatross and the Antipodean albatross. Together with the Amsterdam albatross, it forms the wandering albatross species complex, which some began referring to more recently as "snowy".

The snowy albatross is one of the two largest members of the genus Diomedea (the great albatrosses), being similar in size to the southern royal albatross. It has the greatest known wingspan of any living bird and is also one of the most far-ranging birds. Some individual snowy albatrosses are known to circumnavigate the Southern Ocean three times in one year, covering more than 120,000 km (75,000 mi).

Macquarie Island
Macquarie Island is a subantarctic island in the south-western Pacific Ocean, about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica. It has been governed as a part of Tasmania, Australia, since 1880. It became a Tasmanian State Reserve in 1978 and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Macquarie Island is an exposed portion of the Macquarie Ridge and is located where the Australian plate meets the Pacific plate.

The island is home to the entire royal penguin population during their annual nesting season. Ecologically, the island is part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion.
Watertown Branch Railroad
The Watertown Branch Railroad was a branch loop of the Fitchburg Railroad that was meant to serve the town of Watertown and the City of 
Waltham, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, as an independent short line railroad; it also serviced the Watertown Arsenal. The line has been formally abandoned and portions have been converted into a rail trail, the Watertown-Cambridge Greenway. A section from School Street to Arlington Street in Watertown was completed first. A small portion in Waltham has been converted into a park called Chemistry Station Park after the railroad station once located there. Construction of an extension to Fresh Pond Reservation in Cambridge began in the summer of 2018 and was completed in June 2022.

Watertown, Massachusetts
Watertown is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, part of Greater Boston. The population was 35,329 in the 2020 census. Its neighborhoods include Bemis, Coolidge Square, East Watertown, Watertown Square, and the West End.

Watertown was one of the first Massachusetts Bay Colony settlements organized by Puritan settlers in 1630. The city is home to the Perkins School for the Blind, the Armenian Library and Museum of America, and the historic Watertown Arsenal, which produced military armaments from 1816 through World War II.
Golden Comics Digest
Golden Comics Digest was one of three digest size comics published by Gold Key Comics in the early 1970s. The other two were Mystery Comics Digest and Walt Disney Comics Digest.

Published from 1969 to 1976, all 48 issues were reprints, mainly of various licensed properties. These included Tom and Jerry, Bugs Bunny and other Warner Brothers cartoons, Woody Woodpecker and other Walter Lantz Studios characters, The Pink Panther, various Hanna-Barbera properties, Tarzan, The Lone Ranger, and their own Turok and Brothers of the Spear.

Brothers of the Spear
"Brothers of the Spear" was a long-running backup feature in the Tarzan comic-book series created by American company Western Publishing and published first through Dell Comics and then through Gold Key Comics. Though published as part of a licensed Edgar Rice Burroughs franchise, this original series was owned by Western.
Land Systems OMC
Land Systems OMC is a South African company that produces a range of armoured vehicles which have been successfully exported and are in service with, amongst others, the U.S., Canadian and South African militaries. It is a division of Denel SOC LTD, located in Benoni, Gauteng.

The OMC segment of the name is the initialism under which the Olifant Manufacturing Co. of South Africa was most commonly known during its existence. The original company was established specifically for the task of creating the Olifant tank for the South African Army.

Rooikat
The Rooikat (Afrikaans for Caracal; lit. 'Red cat') is a South African armoured reconnaissance vehicle equipped with a stabilised 76 mm (3.0 in) high velocity gun for organic anti-tank and fire support purposes. The Rooikat's main armament was built with the Oto Melara 76 naval gun as its basis, to which it is nearly identical in terms of technical performance and statistics. The Rooikat can also fire the same ammunition as the naval gun, albeit modified with new percussion primers in the shells.
Fox spirit
Fox spirits, or Huli jing (Chinese: 狐狸精), are Chinese mythological creatures usually capable of shapeshifting, who may either be benevolent or malevolent spirits. In Chinese mythology and folklore, the fox spirit takes a variation of forms with different meanings, powers, characteristics, and shapes, including huxian (狐仙; 'fox immortal'), hushen (狐神; 'fox god'), husheng (狐聖; 'fox saint'), huwang (狐王; 'fox king'), huyao (狐妖; 'fox demon'), huzu (狐族; 'fox clan'), and jiuweihu (九尾狐; 'nine-tailed fox').

Fox spirits and nine-tailed foxes appear frequently in Chinese folklore, literature, and mythology. Depending on the story, the fox spirit's presence may be a good or a bad omen. The motif of nine-tailed foxes from Chinese culture was eventually transmitted and introduced to Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese cultures.

Cheonggu
Cheonggu (Korean: 청구; Hanja: 靑丘, 靑邱; RR: Cheonggu) also rendered as Qingqiu in Chinese, was a name given by ancient China to the Korean peninsula during the Old Chosŏn period to the Three Kingdoms period of Korea.
Dukinfield
Dukinfield (/ˈdʌkɪnˌfiːld/ DUK-in-feeld; locally /ˈdʊkɪnˌfɪjəld/ DUUK-in-fi-yuhld) is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, on the south bank of the River Tame opposite Ashton-under-Lyne, 6.3 miles (10.1 km) east of Manchester. At the 2021 census, the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 21,155.

It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, and became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. The town developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution when it became the site of coal mining and cotton manufacturing.

Daniel Adamson
Daniel Adamson (30 April 1820 – 13 January 1890) was an English engineer who became a successful manufacturer of boilers and was the driving force behind the inception of the Manchester Ship Canal project during the 1880s.
Caio Fonseca
Caio Fonseca (born 1959) is an American painter. He is the son of the Uruguayan sculptor Gonzalo Fonseca; the artist Bruno Fonseca was his brother, the writer Isabel Fonseca and the costume designer and milliner Quina Fonseca are his sisters.

Isabel Fonseca
Isabel Fonseca, Lady Amis (born 1961) is an American writer. She is best known for her books Bury Me Standing: The Gypsies and Their Journey and Attachment. She was married to novelist Sir Martin Amis until his death in May 2023.
Chris Mason (ice hockey)
Christopher Robert Mason (born April 20, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender and current color commentator for the Nashville Predators on Bally Sports South. After being drafted by the New Jersey Devils in the 1995 NHL entry draft, Mason spent 10 years playing for the Nashville Predators, Atlanta Thrashers/Winnipeg Jets, and St. Louis Blues. He left the NHL in 2013 and retired with the Augsburger Panther of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

Vålerenga Ishockey
Vålerenga Ishockey (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɽɛŋɑ] ⓘ; abbreviated as VIF) is a Norwegian professional ice hockey team based in Oslo, Norway. Vålerenga has been the dominant force in Norwegian hockey since the 1960s, claiming 26 national championships and 29 regular season titles. Their old home arena, located in central-eastern Oslo, was Jordal Amfi, built for the 1952 Winter Olympics. In 2020, Vålerenga moved in to their new arena at Jordal.

The team's interim head coach is former NHL player and club legend, Espen "Shampo" Knutsen, with Joachim Svendsen as his assistant.
Umbabat Nature Reserve
Umbabat Nature Reserve is situated on the bank of the Nhlaralumi River in the Bushbuckridge Municipality, adjacent to the Kruger National Park. The parts of Umbabat that are declared nature reserves are managed according to the Protected Areas Act No. 57 of 2003.

Besides the Kruger Park, Umbabat is also bordered by the Timbavati and Klaserie Game Reserves, and all have dropped their shared fences in 1988. Several smaller nature reserves make up the Umbabat, and in conjunction with the reserves that constitute the Timbavati, Klaserie and Balule reserves, they collectively form the Associated Private Nature Reserves, which collectively owns 180,000 ha of land, without internal fences.

Associated Private Nature Reserves
Associated Private Nature Reserves, (APNR), is an association of privately owned nature reserves bordering on the Kruger National Park. Collectively they represent 1,800 square kilometres (180,000 ha) of land dedicated to conservation. In June 1993 the fences between Kruger National Park and the APNR were removed.
Naive set theory
Naive set theory is any of several set theories used in the discussion of the foundations of mathematics.
Unlike axiomatic set theories, which are defined using formal logic, naive set theory is defined informally, in natural language. It describes the aspects of mathematical sets familiar in discrete mathematics (for example Venn diagrams and symbolic reasoning about their Boolean algebra), and suffices for the everyday use of set theory concepts in contemporary mathematics.

Sets are of great importance in mathematics; in modern formal treatments, most mathematical objects (numbers, relations, functions, etc.) are defined in terms of sets. Naive set theory suffices for many purposes, while also serving as a stepping stone towards more formal treatments.

Axiom schema of specification
In many popular versions of axiomatic set theory, the axiom schema of specification, also known as the axiom schema of separation (Aussonderungsaxiom), subset axiom, axiom of class construction, or axiom schema of restricted comprehension is an axiom schema.  Essentially, it says that any definable subclass of a set is a set.

Some mathematicians refer to this axiom as the axiom schema of comprehension, although others reserve that term only for unrestricted comprehension; this axiom is a "restricted" version of unrestricted comprehension. Because restricting comprehension avoids Russell's paradox, several mathematicians including Zermelo, Fraenkel, and Gödel considered it the most important axiom of set theory.
New Zealand Open
The New Zealand Open is the premier men's golf tournament in New Zealand. It has been a regular fixture on the PGA Tour of Australasia tournament schedule since the 1970s. The 2019 event was the 100th edition of the tournament. Since 2014 it has been held as a pro-am in February or March.

Prize money for the 2020 event was NZ$1.4 million, with an additional NZ$50,000 for the pro-am; the tournament winner received NZ$252,000.

The reigning champion is Ryan Peake, who won the 2025 event.

PGA Tour of Australasia
The PGA Tour of Australasia, currently titled as the Challenger PGA Tour of Australasia for sponsorship reasons, is a professional golf tour for men, owned and operated by the PGA of Australia. Official events on the tour count for World Golf Ranking points.
Jason Fischer (fighter)
Jason Fischer (born March 3, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Lightweight division. A professional competitor since 2011, he has formerly fought in Bellator, Absolute Championship Berkut and King of the Cage.

2013 in Bellator MMA
2013 in Bellator MMA was the eighth installment of the Bellator MMA, which began on January 17, 2013 and ended on April 4, 2013.

Mixed martial arts tournaments were held in five weight classes and all of the champions, except the heavyweight champion, placed their titles on the line during this season.

This season marked the beginning of Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) airing on Spike TV.
Cederberg
The Cederberg mountains are located near Clanwilliam, approximately 300 km north of Cape Town, South Africa at about 32°30′S 19°0′E﻿ / ﻿32.500°S 19.000°E﻿ / -32.500; 19.000. The mountain range is named after the endangered Clanwilliam cedar (Widdringtonia cedarbergensis), which is a tree endemic to the area. The mountains are noted for dramatic rock formations and San rock art. The Cederberg Wilderness Area is administered by CapeNature.

Cederberg is now the generally accepted spelling for the area, which combines the English (Cedarberg) and Afrikaans (Sederberg) variants.

Pakhuis Pass
Pakhuis Pass is a mountain pass on the R364 in the northern Cederberg in South Africa. The pass connects Clanwilliam to Calvinia. A turnoff from the pass heads southeast to the Biedouw Valley and Wupperthal. The pass is 25 km long, reaches an altitude of 905 m at a gradient of 1:9.
South East Derbyshire Rural District
South East Derbyshire was a rural district in Derbyshire, England from 1894 to 1974.  It covered an area to the south-east of Derby.

It was formed as Shardlow rural district under the Local Government Act 1894, mainly from the Derbyshire part of the Shardlow rural sanitary district (the Leicestershire part becoming Castle Donington Rural District, and most of the Nottinghamshire part becoming Stapleford Rural District).

It also administered the parishes of Ratcliffe on Soar and Kingston on Soar in Nottinghamshire – these became part of Leake Rural District in 1927.

The district was renamed South East Derbyshire in 1959.  It was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, with the parishes of Breadsall, Breaston, Dale Abbey, Draycott and Church Wilne, Hopwell, Little Eaton, Morley, Ockbrook, Risley, Sandiacre, Stanley, Stanton by Dale and West Hallam going on to form part of the new Erewash district, with the rest becoming part of a new South Derbyshire district.

Stapleford Rural District
Stapleford was a rural district in Nottinghamshire, England from 1894 to 1935.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from part of the Shardlow rural sanitary district in Nottinghamshire, and consisted of the parishes of Bramcote, Chilwell, Stapleford and Toton.  Two other parishes of Shardlow RSD in Nottinghamshire (Ratcliffe on Soar and Kingston on Soar) were instead administered by Shardlow Rural District.

It was abolished in 1935 under a County Review Order, becoming part of the Beeston and Stapleford Urban District along with the former Beeston Urban District.
Andrew Schally
Andrzej Viktor "Andrew" Schally (30 November 1926 – 17 October 2024) was a Polish-American endocrinologist who was a co-recipient, with Roger Guillemin and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

This award recognized his research in the discovery that the hypothalamus controls hormone production and release by the pituitary gland, which controls the regulation of other hormones in the body.

Later in life, Schally utilized his knowledge of hypothalamic hormones to research possible methods for birth control and cancer treatment.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is a tropic peptide hormone synthesized and released from GnRH neurons within the hypothalamus. GnRH is inhibited by testosterone. The peptide belongs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone family. It constitutes the initial step in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.
1962 Armstrong 500
The 1962 Armstrong 500 was an endurance race for Australian built production cars. The race was held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 21 October 1962 over 167 laps of the 3.0 mile circuit, a total of 501 miles. Cars competed in four classes based on the retail price of each model. Officially, only class placings were awarded but the No 21 Ford Falcon driven by Harry Firth and Bob Jane was recognised as "First across the line". This was the third and last Armstrong 500 to be held at Phillip Island prior to the race being moved to the Mount Panorama Circuit at Bathurst in New South Wales where it later became known as the Bathurst 1000.

Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit
The Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit is a motor racing circuit located near Ventnor, on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. The current circuit was first used in 1952.

Along with The Bend Motorsport Park in South Australia, the 4.448 km (2.764 mi) long island circuit is one of two race tracks in Australia to carry a FIM Category A track licence which allows for the highest level of motorcycle racing, MotoGP. Phillip Island also carries an FIA Grade 3 track licence.
Foulis Castle
Foulis Castle is situated two miles south-west of Evanton in the parish of Kiltearn, Ross and Cromarty, Scotland. It is a white washed mansion that incorporates an old tower house with gun loops. The castle was held by the Clan Munro from the twelfth century or earlier and they had a stronghold there.

The remains of an 11th-century Motte (man-made mound topped by a wooden palisade), believed to be the first fortification at Foulis, still remain in the castle grounds today.

Kiltearn
Kiltearn (Gaelic: Cill Tighearna) is a parish in Ross and Cromarty, Scotland.  It is in the Presbytery of Ross. The local landowners since the 11th century reign of Malcolm II have been the Clan Munro.

The principal settlement is the village of Evanton, and the parish extends almost to Dingwall and about halfway to Alness. The old Kiltearn church and burial ground are on the shore of the Cromarty Firth. The church is ruinous but dates from 1790. The current church (Free Church Continuing) is on the main street in Evanton.
Pom Prap Sattru Phai district
Pom Prap Sattru Phai (Thai: ป้อมปราบศัตรูพ่าย, pronounced [pɔ̂m pràːp sàt.trūː pʰâːj], or popularly just called Pom Prap, pronounced [pɔ̂m pràːp]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Dusit, Pathum Wan, Bang Rak, Samphanthawong, and Phra Nakhon. With more than 24,000 inhabitants per square kilometre (more than 62,000 per square mile) it is the district with the highest population density in Thailand.

Fortifications of Bangkok
The fortifications of Bangkok consist of several series of defensive structures built to protect the city during the late Ayutthaya to early Rattanakosin periods. The earliest structures were built when Bangkok was an outpost of Ayutthaya guarding entry to the Chao Phraya River during the 15th–16th centuries. These were reinforced when the city became the site of the short-lived capital of Thonburi after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767. New walls and forts were built when the city of Rattanakosin replaced Thonburi in 1782, which were mostly removed and replaced in the second half of the 19th century in order to accommodate the expanding city. Today, four of the city's defensive forts remain, along with two short sections of the Rattanakosin city wall and one of the city gates.
Cascade Valley Hospital
The Cascade Valley Hospital is a general hospital in Arlington, Washington, operated by Skagit Regional Health. The 48-bed hospital is located south of downtown Arlington on a 17-acre (6.9 ha) property; Cascade Valley also operates five medical clinics and a freestanding ambulatory surgery center.

Smokey Point, Washington
Smokey Point is a community and former census-designated place in northern Snohomish County, Washington. The area, developed as a suburban bedroom community in the late 20th century, was annexed into the nearby cities of Arlington and Marysville in the 1990s and 2000s.
Birdsville Hotel
Birdsville Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at Burt Street, Birdsville, Shire of Diamantina, Queensland, Australia. It was built c. 1884. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Birdsville
Birdsville is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Diamantina, Queensland, Australia. The locality is on the Queensland border with both the Northern Territory and South Australia. The town is situated 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of the South Australian border. In the 2021 census, the population of the locality of Birdsville was 110.

It is a popular tourist destination with many people using it as a starting point across the Simpson Desert.

Betoota is a ghost town to the east of the town of Birdsville within the  bounds of the locality.(25°41′40″S 140°44′39″E﻿ / ﻿25.6944°S 140.7441°E﻿ / -25.6944; 140.7441﻿ (Betoota)).