hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Magazine and Historical Chronicle
The American Magazine and Historical Chronicle (1743-1746) was a periodical in Boston, Massachusetts, printed by Rogers & Fowle (Gamaliel Rogers and Daniel Fowle), and published by Samuel Eliot and Joshua Blanchard. Scholars suggest that Jeremiah Gridley served as editor.

Daniel Fowle (printer)
Daniel Fowle (c. 1715 – June 1787) was a colonial American printer and publisher before and during the American Revolution, and the founder of The New Hampshire Gazette. He printed Samuel Adams' newspaper, The Independent Advertiser. He was jailed for printing a damaging account on the conduct of various Massachusetts representatives and after his trial, he lost his license to print. Dismayed with the Massachusetts government he subsequently chose to remove from Massachusetts to New Hampshire and established The New Hampshire Gazette. During the course of his printing career Fowle employed several apprentices. Using his newspaper, he openly criticized the Stamp Act in 1765. After American independence was established he was commissioned to print the state laws of New Hampshire.
Raptophasma
Raptophasma is an extinct genus of Mantophasmatidae that lived mainly in the Baltic region of Europe.

There are three species contained in this genus:

Raptophasma groehni

Raptophasma kerneggeri

Raptophasma neli

Mantophasmatidae
Mantophasmatidae is a family of carnivorous wingless insects in southern Africa which are placed within the order or suborder Mantophasmatodea. They were discovered in 2001. They are the sister group of the Grylloblattidae, classified in the order or suborder Grylloblattodea.

Arillo and Engel have combined the Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea into a single order, Notoptera, with the two groups ranked as suborders. Alternatively, Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea are considered orders of a clade Xenonomia.
Rocker (subculture)
Rockers (also known as leather boys and ton-up boys) are members or followers of a rock and roll and biker subculture that originated in the United Kingdom during the late 1950s and remained popular in the 1960s, especially among youths.  Rockers who rode bikes were widely known as ton-up boys for achieving a speed of 100 mph (miles per hour). By 1965, the term greaser had also been introduced to Great Britain and, since then, the terms greaser and rocker have become synonymous within the British Isles, although used differently in North America and elsewhere. Rockers were also derisively known as coffee bar cowboys. Their Japanese counterpart was called the kaminari-zoku (thunder tribe/clan/group, or thunderers).

Motorcycling
Motorcycling is the act of riding a motorcycle. For some people, motorcycling may be the only affordable form of individual motorized transportation, and small-displacement motorcycles are the most common motor vehicle in the most populous countries, including India, China and Indonesia.

In developing countries, motorcycles are overwhelmingly utilitarian due to lower prices and greater fuel economy. Of all motorcycles, 58% are in the Asia Pacific and Southern and Eastern Asia regions, excluding car-centric Japan.

Motorcycles are mainly a luxury good in developed nations, where they are used mostly for recreation, as a lifestyle accessory or a symbol of personal identity. Beyond being a mode of motor transportation or sport, motorcycling has become a subculture and lifestyle. Although mainly a solo activity, motorcycling can be social and motorcyclists  tend to have a sense of community with each other.
Brown Glacier
Brown Glacier (53°04′S 73°39′E﻿ / ﻿53.067°S 73.650°E﻿ / -53.067; 73.650) is a glacier just south of Round Hill on the east side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. Its terminus is at Brown Lagoon. To the northwest of Brown Glacier is Compton Glacier, whose terminus is located at Compton Lagoon, between Gilchrist Beach and Fairchild Beach. To the southeast of Brown Glacier is Stephenson Glacier, whose terminus is located between Dovers Moraine and Stephenson Lagoon.

Compton Glacier
Compton Glacier is a glacier, 3 nautical miles (6 km) long, flowing northeast from the lower slopes of the Big Ben massif to the northeast side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. Its terminus is located at Compton Lagoon, between Gilchrist Beach and Fairchild Beach. To the northwest of Compton Glacier is Ealey Glacier, whose terminus is located close southeast of Cape Bidlingmaier. To the southeast of Compton Glacier is Brown Glacier, whose terminus is located at Brown Lagoon. Round Hill separates Compton Glacier from Brown Glacier. Since the ANARE survey of 1947/48, the glacier has retreated significantly, exposing much more of Compton Lagoon. Evidence for significant loss was recorded as early as 1963, with an expedition describing the glacier as no longer smooth, but crevassed. By the late 1970s it had retreated 1.6 km and by the time of a 1987 survey, it was 2.5 km inland from its 1947 front.
Neu-Isenburg
Neu-Isenburg (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈʔiːzn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ, lit. 'New Isenburg') is a town in Germany, located in the Offenbach district of Hesse. It is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area and has a population of 38,204 (2020). The town is known nowadays mainly for its regionally used shopping centre, the Isenburg-Zentrum (IZ), the Hugenottenhalle, the Hotel Kempinski Frankfurt, the Autokino Gravenbruch (the oldest drive-in cinema in Europe), the Sportpark, the Waldschwimmbad (swimming pool) and its location near Frankfurt Airport.

Trams in Frankfurt am Main
The Frankfurt am Main tramway network is a network of tramways forming a major part of the public transport system in Frankfurt am Main, a city in the federal state of Hesse, Germany.

As of 2023, there were 10 tram lines, along with two special lines and one heritage tourist tramline. The network had 141 stops, and a total route length of 68.67 kilometres (42.67 mi).  In the same year, the network carried 66.9 million passengers.
Sodium phosphide
Sodium phosphide is the inorganic compound with the formula Na3P. It is a black solid. It is often described as Na+ salt of the P3− anion. Na3P is a source of the highly reactive phosphide anion. It should not be confused with sodium phosphate, Na3PO4.

In addition to Na3P, five other binary compositions of sodium and phosphorus are known: NaP, Na3P7, Na3P11, NaP7, and NaP15.

Phosphide
In chemistry, a phosphide is a compound containing the P3− ion or its equivalent.  Many different phosphides are known, with widely differing structures.  Most commonly encountered on the binary phosphides, i.e. those materials consisting only of phosphorus and a less electronegative element.  Numerous are polyphosphides, which are solids consisting of anionic chains or clusters of phosphorus.  Phosphides are known with the majority of less electronegative elements with the exception of Hg, Pb, Sb, Bi, Te, and Po.  Finally, some phosphides are molecular.
Ōu Main Line
The Ōu Main Line (Japanese: 奥羽本線, Hepburn: Ōu-honsen) is a railway line in Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Fukushima Station through Akita Station to Aomori Station. Since the opening of the Yamagata Shinkansen on July 1, 1992, the Fukushima–Yamagata section (as well as the Yamagata–Shinjō section since 1999) is sometimes referred to as the Yamagata Line (山形線, Yamagata-sen). The name of the line as a whole refers to the ancient provinces of Mutsu (陸奥) and Dewa (出羽), as it connects both ends of Mutsu by passing north–south through Dewa.

719 series
The 719 series (Japanese: 719系) is an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1989 by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) on services in the Miyagi, Yamagata, and Fukushima areas of Japan.

Built jointly by Nippon Sharyo and Tokyu Car, the type is based on the 415-1500 series EMU design, with all units formed as 2-car sets.
Dance Premier League
Dance Premier League is an Indian dance reality show that premiered on Sony Entertainment Television on 9 October 2009. The series is judged by the known Bollywood film actress Rani Mukerji, and famous Indian choreographer Shiamak Davar who guides all six teams as an 'umpire'. The series replaced Sony TV's long running dance show Boogie Woogie.

Boogie Woogie (Indian TV series)
Boogie Woogie was an Indian dance competition television series created and directed by Naved Jaffrey, Ashu Jain and Ravi Behl for Sony Entertainment Television. Debuting in 1996, the show was judged by Indian film actor and television host Javed Jaffrey, who was the permanent judge. It is the oldest dance reality and it has become the longest running show in India. In the earlier seasons, the judges assigned various themes to episodes, including Bollywood, Horror, Friendship among others. It was also co-hosted by Kadambari Shantshri Desai from season 1 to 2.
2025 Curling Pre-Olympic Qualification Event
The Pre-Olympic Qualification Event in curling was held from October 7–11, 2025, in Aberdeen, Scotland. This event served as the last chance for National Olympic Committees to qualify for the Olympic Qualification Event. To be eligible for the Pre-Olympic Qualification Event, a nation must have qualified for either the 2024 or 2025 World Men's or Women's Championships, or have qualified in the A-Division of the 2024 or 2025 European Curling Championship or Pan Continental Curling Championships. Unlike in the previous Olympic cycle in 2021, no Pre-Olympic Qualification Event is being held for Mixed Doubles.

In the men's competition, the three qualifiers were the Philippines, Poland, and New Zealand, while in the women's competition, Czech Republic, Germany, and Australia qualified for the Olympic Qualification Event.

2025 Olympic Qualification Event – Curling
The Olympic Qualification Event is an international curling tournament that was held from December 5–18, 2025 at the Kelowna Curling Club in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. This Olympic Qualification Event will feature three competitions: Women’s, Men’s and Mixed Doubles to determine the final two places for National Olympic Committees (NOCs) in each event at the 2026 Olympic Winter Games.

In the Women’s and Men’s competition, the NOCs which ranked 9–13 from the ranking list created from the results at the 2024 and 2025 world championships, along with the top three NOCs from the Pre-Qualification Event will compete. In the Mixed Doubles competition, any NOC mixed doubles team that qualified for the 2024 and 2025 world championship, but did not yet qualify for the Olympic Winter Games, as well as the next highest ranked NOCs from the official Mixed Doubles World Ranking list (as of 1 May 2025) were invited until all 16 places are filled at the OQE.
Dometa Point
Dometa Point (Bulgarian: нос Домета, ‘Nos Dometa’ \'nos do-'me-ta\) is a point in the middle part of South Beaches on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is situated 4.3 km west-northwest of Rish Point, 1.2 km southwest of Negro Hill, 4.6 km southeast of Chester Cone, and 4.2 km east-northeast of Nikopol Point. Fontus Lake is centred 600 m northeast of the point.

The feature is named after Dometa, governor of the southwestern Bulgarian province of Kutmichevitsa hosting the mission of St. Kliment Ohridski assigned by Czar Boris I of Bulgaria (9th Century AD).

Nikopol Point
Nikopol Point (Nos Nikopol \'nos ni-'ko-pol\) is an ice-free point on the south coast of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica projecting 650 m east-southeastwards into Bransfield Strait and linked by a spit to Vietor Rock to the south. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers who had dwellings at the foothills of nearby Sealer Hill.

The feature is named after the town of Nikopol, Bulgaria.

The Spanish facility Camp Byers, situated near Nikopol Point, operated in 2001/02 and subsequent seasons.
Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus
Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus was a politician of the Western Roman Empire. He was appointed consul for 502 with Flavius Probus as his colleague.

His father was Anicius Probus Faustus, who was the leading supporter of Pope Symmachus in the Laurentian schism, and his brother was Ennodius Messala, one of the consuls for 506. Avienus was later Praetorian prefect of Italy (527–528).

Ennodius Messala
Ennodius Messala was an Italian senator in Ostrogothic Italy. He was appointed consul for 506 with Areobindus Dagalaifus Areobindus as his colleague.

His father was Anicius Probus Faustus, the leading supporter of Pope Symmachus in the Laurentian schism, and his brother was Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus, one of the consuls for 502. According to Magnus Felix Ennodius, Messala had a literary bent (Ep. 8.3, 9.12), and in 512 was engaged to a wealthy girl. (Ep. 9.26.35)
130th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 130th (Devon & Cornwall) Brigade, originally the Plymouth Brigade was an infantry formation of Britain's Volunteer Force, Territorial Force, and later Territorial Army (TA). In the First World War the brigade was in British India for most of the war and did not see service as a complete formation, but many of its battalions fought in the Middle East campaigns. The brigade (without its Devon or Cornwall battalions) did see action during the campaign in North West Europe of the Second World War, distinguishing itself at actions such as Operation Jupiter (Hill 112), the capture of Mont Pinçon, Operation Market Garden, at 'Dorset Wood' and at Hengelo. As 130 (West Country) Brigade it continued in the postwar TA until 1961.

Exeter and South Devon Volunteers
The Exeter & South Devon Volunteers was the premier unit of Britain's Volunteer Force. Formed in 1852 it went on to become a battalion of the Devonshire Regiment. Both its active service battalions went to garrison India on the outbreak of the First World War, and then saw action in Mesopotamia and Palestine. In the Second World War, the battalion served in the garrison of Gibraltar. It continued in the postwar Territorial Army until it was merged with other West Country units. Its successors today serve in a reserve battalion of The Rifles.
Second Hand Husband
Second Hand Husband is a 2015 Indian romantic comedy film produced by GB Entertainment and directed by Smeep Kang and starring Gippy Grewal, Tina Ahuja, and Dharmendra. The film marks the Bollywood film debut of Govinda’s daughter, Tina Ahuja, and Punjabi singer and actor Gippy Grewal. The film released on 3 July 2015.

Gippy Grewal
Rupinder Singh "Gippy" Grewal (born 2 January 1983) is an Indian actor, singer, film director and producer whose works span over Punjabi and Hindi film industry.

His single "Phulkari" was very successful in the Punjabi music industry. He made his acting debut in the 2010 movie, Mel Karade Rabba, and which he followed with Carry On Jatta, Lucky Di Unlucky Story, Bhaji in Problem and Jatt James Bond. He revived "PTC Best Actor Award" in 2011 for his performance in the 2011 film  Jihne Mera Dil Luteya. He received the "PIFAA Best Actor Award" in 2012 along with Diljit Dosanjh and received "PTC Best Actor Award" in 2015 for Jatt James Bond along with Diljit Dosanjh. He is owner of production houses Humble Motion Pictures and Big Daddy Films along with his brother Sippy Grewal.
Hisashi Shinma
Hisashi Shinma (新間 寿, Shinma Hisashi; March 22, 1935 – April 21, 2025) was a Japanese professional wrestling booker and professional wrestling promoter. Shinma is noted for having been an on-screen authority for the World Wrestling Federation, from 1978 to 1984, billed as the President of the promotion. He was succeeded by Jack Tunney.

Professional wrestling authority figures
This list brings together authority figures—people who hold on-screen power—in professional wrestling promotions or brands within North America. The North American wrestling industry portrays authority figures as responsible for making matches, providing rules and generally keeping law and order both in and outside the ring. The role can vary according to disposition as a face authority figure tends to give what the fans want and does what is fair while heel authority figures tend to run their shows out of their own self-interest.
Lance Hohaia
Lance Koro Hohaia (born 1 April 1983), also known by the nickname of "The Huntly Hurricane", is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer. A New Zealand international representative utility back, he played in the NRL for the New Zealand Warriors and the Super League for St Helens, with whom he won the 2014 Super League championship. In 2008 Hohaia was a member of the World Cup winning New Zealand team.

Taniwharau Rugby League Club
The Taniwharau Rugby League Club is a rugby league club from Huntly, New Zealand. They compete in the Waikato Rugby League and WaiCoa club competitions. The club plays in a green and gold strip and are based at Waahi Pa in Huntly.
KHDR
KHDR (96.9 FM) and KNAC (94.9 FM) are radio stations licensed to Lenwood and Baker, California. Owned by The Drive, LLC, a joint venture between Heftel Broadcasting Company and Point Broadcasting, they broadcast an active rock format branded as Pure Rock KNAC. Similarly to sister station KRXV, the stations serve the Interstate 15 and Interstate 40 corridors, targeting travelers from California to Las Vegas and Laughlin, Nevada.

KIXW-FM
KIXW-FM (107.3 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Lenwood, California, broadcasting to the eastern section of the High Desert area (including Barstow). It is simulcast on KIXF 101.5 FM in Baker, California.  The stations share a country format.

The stations are branded as "Highway Country 107.3 & 101.5" and its target audience consists of travelers on Interstate 15 between Los Angeles and Las Vegas.

KIXW-FM and KIXF were once unified with KIXA in Apple Valley to broadcast "Rock 106.5" across Lenwood, Baker and Barstow in 1998. After "Rock 106.5" was shut down in 2002, Clear Channel Communications sold off KIXW-FM and KIXA to Heftel Broadcasting, and relaunched KIXA as classic rock station "The Fox 106".
Felicia Cornaro
Felicia Cornaro (died 1111) was the Dogaressa of Venice by marriage to the Doge Vitale I Michiel (r. 1096–1102). She was politically active and exerted an acknowledged influence over the affairs of state. She was a strong supporter of the First Crusade.

Dogaressa
Dogaressa (/ˌdoʊɡəˈrɛsə, ˌdoʊdʒəˈ-/ DOH-gə-ress-ə, DOH-jə-, Italian: [doɡaˈressa], Venetian: [doɡaˈɾesa]) was the official title of the wife of the Doge of Venice. The title was unique for Venice: while the heads of the Republic of Genoa were also called Doge, the wives of the Doges of Genoa were not called Dogaressa, nor did they have such a public position.
Lerma, Piedmont
Lerma is a comune (municipality) of approx. 849 inhabitants, in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region of Piedmont, about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Alessandria.

It borders the municipalities of Bosio, Casaleggio Boiro, Castelletto d'Orba, Montaldeo, Silvano d'Orba and Tagliolo Monferrato.

Montaldeo
Montaldeo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Montaldeo borders the following municipalities: Casaleggio Boiro, Castelletto d'Orba, Lerma, Mornese, Parodi Ligure, and San Cristoforo.
Honghe County
Honghe County (simplified Chinese: 红河县; traditional Chinese: 紅河縣; pinyin: Hónghé Xiàn) is located in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China. It borders Yuanyang County, Yunnan and Jianshui County to the east, Lüchun County to the south, Mojiang County to the west, Yuanjiang County to the northwest, and Shiping County to the north.

Lüchun County
Lüchun County (simplified Chinese: 绿春县; traditional Chinese: 綠春縣; pinyin: Lǜchūn Xiàn) is located in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, in the south of Yunnan province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lai Châu Province to the south.
Society of Thoracic Surgeons
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons is a Chicago, Illinois (US)-based medical specialty professional society in the field of cardiothoracic surgery. Membership worldwide includes more than 7,500 surgeons, researchers, and other health care professionals who are part of the cardiothoracic surgery team. The Society's official journal is The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.

Cardiothoracic surgery
Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity — generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease), lungs (lung disease), and other pleural or mediastinal structures.

In most countries, cardiothoracic surgery is further subspecialized into cardiac surgery (involving the heart and the great vessels) and thoracic surgery (involving the lungs, esophagus, thymus, etc.); the exceptions are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, India and some European Union countries such as Portugal.
Angoulême International Comics Festival Prix Jeunesse 9–12 ans
The Prix Jeunesse 9–12 ans is awarded to comics authors at the Angoulême International Comics Festival. It rewards the best album for a 9 to 12 years old targeted public.
The award started in 1981 as the "Alfred enfant", without the distinction in age groups.
In 1984, the named changed for one year to "Alfred du meilleur album enfant".
From 1987, distinction is made between the age categories. This award is then called "Alfred moins de 12 ans".
In 1988, the name changes to "Alfred du meilleur album jeunesse".
In 1989, the name changes again to "Alph'art Jeunesse".
Between 1991 and 1995, the distinction between the two categories disappears.
In 1996, the name changes to "Alph'art Jeunesse 9–12 ans".

Angoulême International Comics Festival
The Angoulême International Comics Festival (AICF; French: Festival international de la bande dessinée d'Angoulême, FIBD), held in Angoulême, France, is the second largest comics festival in Europe after the Lucca Comics & Games of Italy, and the third biggest in the world after Lucca and the Comiket of Japan. It has occurred every year since 1974, on the last weekend of January; the 2026 edition was cancelled amidst an artists' boycott to the festival organizer 9emeArt+, accused of mismanagement.
Informal logic
Informal logic encompasses the principles of logic and logical thought outside of a formal setting (characterized by the usage of particular statements). However, the precise definition of "informal logic" is a matter of some dispute. Ralph H. Johnson and J. Anthony Blair define informal logic as "a branch of logic whose task is to develop non-formal standards, criteria, procedures for the analysis, interpretation, evaluation, criticism and construction of argumentation." This definition reflects what had been implicit in their practice and what others were doing in their informal logic texts.

Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, the thinking skills movement and the interdisciplinary inquiry known as argumentation theory. Frans H. van Eemeren writes that the label "informal logic" covers a "collection of normative approaches to the study of reasoning in ordinary language that remain closer to the practice of argumentation than formal logic."

Douglas N. Walton
Douglas Neil Walton (2 June 1942 – 3 January 2020) was a Canadian academic and author, known for his books and papers on argumentation, logical fallacies and informal logic. He was a Distinguished Research Fellow of the Centre for Research in Reasoning, Argumentation, and Rhetoric (CRRAR) at the University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, and before that (2008–2014), he held the Assumption Chair of Argumentation Studies at the University of Windsor. Walton's work has been used to better prepare legal arguments and to help develop artificial intelligence.

A special issue of the journal Informal Logic surveyed Walton's contributions to informal logic and argumentation theory up to 2006.