hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Priory Preparatory School
Priory Preparatory School was a preparatory school in Banstead, Surrey, England, for boys aged two to thirteen years, which was closed in 2017. The school was a member of the Independent Association of Preparatory Schools (IAPS) and of the Independent Schools Council (ISC). It was founded in 1921, and was a charitable trust. Upon closure in 2017, pupils moved to the new Banstead Preparatory School at the site formerly occupied by Greenacre School for Girls. The school's buildings at the old site on Bolters Lane, including the historic mansion known as the Red House were demolished in January 2021 to make way for the development of retirement apartments.

Greenacre School for Girls
Greenacre School for Girls was an independent girls' school, founded in 1933, in Banstead, Surrey, England, which closed in 2017.

It was inspected by the Independent Schools Inspectorate and was a member of the Girls' Schools Association. The governors of the school turned it over to United Learning in 2015.

It closed in 2017, at the end of the academic year. The site is now used for the new independent and co-educational Banstead Preparatory School, which opened in September 2017 with the merger of Greenacre School for Girls, Priory School, and Bramley School in Banstead, Surrey. The new school is on the former Greenacre site, for pupils aged from 2 to 11. Pupils in Greenacre Junior School will transferred to the new school, and pupils in the Senior School were guaranteed places at other local schools. Banstead Preparatory School is run by United Learning.
Hill Ridware
Hill Ridware is a small village in the civil parish of Mavesyn Ridware in the Lichfield District of Staffordshire, England. It is the largest settlement in the parish with a population of 857 at the 2011 Census. Situated across the River Trent from Rugeley, it is on the B5104 north of Armitage.

Facilities in the village include one public house and the Henry Chadwick Primary School. There is also a village hall that hosts a variety of events. There is also a children's play park and field on the village hall grounds. Currently 48 new houses are in development on former farmland, estimated to be completed late 2018.

The late 18th-century Ridware Hall is on Wade Lane on the western side of the village. Its attached coach house and stable block survive. It is a Grade II listed building.

Mavesyn Ridware
Mavesyn Ridware is a village and civil parish in Lichfield District, Staffordshire, England. The parish had a population of 1,048 in 2001, increasing to 1,128 at the 2011 Census. It includes the villages of Hill Ridware, Rake End, Pipe Ridware and Blithbury, all of which lie between the River Trent and a small tributary, the River Blithe. To the east is the parish of Hamstall Ridware and to the south the larger village of Armitage.
Duke of Edinburgh
Duke of Edinburgh, named after the capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, is a substantive title that has been created four times since 1726 for members of the British royal family. It does not include any territorial landholdings and does not produce any revenue for the title-holder.

The current holder, Prince Edward, was created duke in 2023 on his 59th birthday by his eldest brother, King Charles III. The dukedom had previously been granted to their father, then Philip Mountbatten, on the day of his marriage to then-Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen Elizabeth II. Upon Philip's death, the title was inherited by Charles and held by him until Elizabeth died and Charles became king, at which time the title reverted to the Crown.

Frederick, Prince of Wales
Frederick, Prince of Wales (Frederick Louis, German: Friedrich Ludwig; 31 January 1707 – 31 March 1751), was the eldest son and heir apparent of King George II of Great Britain. He grew estranged from his parents, King George and Queen Caroline. Frederick was the father of King George III.

Under the Act of Settlement passed by the English Parliament in 1701, Frederick was fourth in the line of succession to the British throne at birth, after his great-grandmother Electress Sophia of Hanover; his grandfather George, Prince-Elector of Hanover; and his father, George. The Elector ascended the British throne in 1714. After his paternal grandfather died and his father became king in 1727, Frederick moved to Great Britain and was created Prince of Wales in 1729. He predeceased his father and upon the latter's death in 1760, the throne passed to Frederick's eldest son, George III.
Gramada Glacier
Gramada Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Грамада, romanized: lednik Gramada, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ ɡrɐˈmadɐ]) is a 1.6 nautical miles (3.0 km; 1.8 mi) long glacier on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica draining the southeast slopes of Imeon Range east of Riggs Peak, southeast of Madan Saddle and south of Neofit Peak.  It is situated southwest of Armira Glacier and northeast of Letnitsa Glacier, and flows southeastward into Brashlyan Cove on Osmar Strait. The glacier is named after the town of Gramada in northwestern Bulgaria.

Brashlyan Cove
Brashlyan Cove (Bulgarian: залив Бръшлян, ‘Zaliv Brashlyan’ \'za-liv bra-'shlyan\) is the 1.3 km wide cove on Osmar Strait indenting for 480 m the southeast coast of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, and entered northeast of Dupnitsa Point.  Its head is fed by Gramada Glacier.

The cove is named after the settlement of Brashlyan in Southeastern Bulgaria.
Stille reaction
The Stille reaction is a chemical reaction widely used in organic synthesis. The reaction involves the coupling of two organic groups, one of which is carried as an organotin compound (also known as organostannanes). A variety of organic electrophiles provide the other coupling partner. The Stille reaction is one of many palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.

These organostannanes are also stable to both air and moisture, and many of these reagents either are commercially available or can be synthesized from literature precedent. However, these tin reagents tend to be highly toxic. X is typically a halide, such as Cl, Br, or I, yet pseudohalides such as triflates and sulfonates and phosphates can also be used. Several reviews have been published.

Transmetalation
Transmetalation (alt. spelling: transmetallation) is a type of organometallic reaction that involves the transfer of ligands from one metal to another. It has the general form:

M1–R + M2–R′ → M1–R′ + M2–R

where R and R′ can be, but are not limited to, an alkyl, aryl, alkynyl, allyl, halogen, or pseudohalogen group. The reaction is usually an irreversible process due to thermodynamic and kinetic reasons. Thermodynamics will favor the reaction based on the electronegativities of the metals and kinetics will favor the reaction if there are empty orbitals on both metals. There are different types of transmetalation including redox-transmetalation and redox-transmetalation/ligand exchange. During transmetalation the metal-carbon bond is activated, leading to the formation of new metal-carbon bonds. Transmetalation is commonly used in catalysis, synthesis of main group complexes, and synthesis of transition metal complexes.
Thomas Tuttebury
Thomas Tuttebury  was the Dean of Wells at the beginning of the fifteenth century. He was also simultaneously Archdeacon of Buckingham.

In 1392 the king appointed him to Maidstone Rectory; and in 1400 he was the incumbent at Aston Clinton. He was appointed Archdeacon of Wells in 1391 and Dean of Wells in 1401 (until 1410). On 14 September 1402 the Roman Catholic Church attempted to expel him from his deanery, which the Calendar of Patent Rolls saw as ”contempt of the king and a weakening of his laws" In that same year he was also vicar of St. Michael's Church, Coventry. and collated Archdeacon of Buckingham (until c.1403). In 1405 he is mentioned in a royal petition as being the treasurer of the king's household.

Archdeacon of Wells
The Archdeacon of Wells has been a senior clergy position in the Church of England Diocese of Bath and Wells since the English reformation, before which it was part of the Roman Catholic Church. The post, having oversight over the archdeaconry of Wells in Somerset has existed since the twelfth century. The archdeaconry includes seven deaneries.
Beautiful Young Minds
Beautiful Young Minds was a documentary first shown at the BRITDOC Festival on 26 July 2007 and first broadcast on BBC 2 on 14 October 2007. The documentary follows the selection process and training for the U.K. team to compete in the 2006 International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), as well as the actual event in Slovenia. Many of the young mathematicians featured in the film had a form of autism, which the documentary links to mathematical ability. The team goes on to win numerous medals at the IMO, including four silver and one bronze. It was directed by Morgan Matthews, edited by Joby Gee and featured music by Sam Hooper. It was also screened at the Bath Film Festival in October 2007. The documentary inspired the 2014 film X+Y, which was also directed by Morgan Matthews, based on IMO participant Daniel Lightwing.

X+Y
X+Y, released in the US as A Brilliant Young Mind, is a 2014 British drama film directed by Morgan Matthews and starring Asa Butterfield, Rafe Spall, and Sally Hawkins.

The film, inspired by the 2007 documentary  Beautiful Young Minds, focuses on a teenage English mathematics prodigy named Nathan (Asa Butterfield) who has difficulty understanding people, and is autistic, but finds comfort in numbers. When he is chosen to represent the United Kingdom at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), Nathan embarks on a journey in which he faces unexpected challenges, such as understanding the nature of love. The character of Nathan was based on Daniel Lightwing, who won a silver medal at the 2006 IMO.

The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 5 September 2014. The European premiere was at the BFI London Film Festival on 13 October 2014, and the UK cinema release was on 13 March 2015.
Afon Leri
Afon Leri  (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈlɛri]; also known as the River Leri) is a river in Ceredigion, Wales. It rises at Llyn Craig-y-Pistyll and is joined at Talybont by Afon Ceulan before passing behind Borth to its mouth in the Dyfi estuary at Ynyslas.

The river once flowed into Cardigan Bay at Aberleri, to the south of Ynyslas. In 1824, its route was diverted to provide a harbour for the local shipbuilding industry.

In June 2012, the Leri was affected by serious flooding causing property damage in Talybont, Dolybont and Borth following torrential rain in the area.

River Dyfi
The River Dyfi (Welsh: Afon Dyfi; Welsh pronunciation: [ˈdəvi]), also known as the River Dovey (/ˈdʌvi/ DUV-ee), is an approximately 30-mile (48-kilometre) long river in Wales.

Its large estuary forms the boundary between the counties of Gwynedd and Ceredigion, and its lower reaches have historically been considered the border between North Wales and South Wales.
Museum of Flight
The Museum of Flight is a private non-profit air and space museum in the Seattle metropolitan area of Washington in the United States. It is located at the southern end of King County International Airport  (Boeing Field) in the city of Tukwila, immediately south of Seattle. It was established in 1965 and is fully accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. As the largest private air and space museum in the world, it also hosts large K–12 educational programs.

The museum had over 465,000 visitors in 2024 and over 11,000 members. It had $27 million in operating revenues and a total endowment value of $72.9 million in 2024. The museum also serves more than 140,000 students annually through its onsite programs: a Challenger Learning Center, an Aviation Learning Center, and a summer camp (ACE), as well as outreach programs that travel throughout Washington and Oregon.

Boeing 80
The Boeing 80 is an American airliner of the 1920s. A three-engined biplane, the Model 80 was built by the Boeing Airplane Company for Boeing's own airline, Boeing Air Transport, successfully carrying both airmail and passengers on scheduled services.
A Bewitched Place
"A Bewitched Place" is the last story in the second volume of Nikolai Gogol's first collection of short stories, Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka (1832).

Like the concluding tale of the first volume, "The Lost Letter: A Tale Told by the Sexton of the N...Church", it is told by an exuberant Cossack narrator, the old sexton Foma, who says that the tale is about his grandfather.

Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka
Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka (Russian: «Вечера на хуторе близ Диканьки») is a collection of short stories by Nikolai Gogol, written in 1829–1832. They appeared in various magazines and were published in book form when Gogol was twenty-two.  The collection's frame story takes place in Dykanka, a settlement in central Ukraine.

The writer was born in the village of Velyki Sorochyntsi near Poltava, and  spent his life in Ukraine up to the age of nineteen. He put his early impressions and memories of childhood into these pictures of peasant life. In a series of letters to his mother, he asked her to write down descriptions of village customs, dress, superstitions, and old stories. These were also used as primary sources.
Roasio
Roasio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Vercelli. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,517 and an area of 28.1 square kilometres (10.8 sq mi).

The municipality of Roasio contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) San Maurizio, Castelletto Villa, San Giorgio, Sant' Eusebio, Corticella, Curavecchia, and Prucengo.

Roasio borders the following municipalities: Brusnengo, Curino, Gattinara, Lozzolo, Rovasenda, Sostegno, and Villa del Bosco.

Curino
Curino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 480 and an area of 21.4 square kilometres (8.3 sq mi).

Curino borders the following municipalities: Brusnengo, Casapinta, Crevacuore, Masserano, Mezzana Mortigliengo, Pray, Roasio, Soprana, Sostegno, Trivero, Villa del Bosco.
Now-Again Records
Now-Again Records is a Los Angeles–based music imprint that specializes in reissues and compilations of funk, soul, and psychedelic rock from the 1960s to the 1980s. Founded in 2002 by Eothen "Egon" Alapatt as a subsidiary of Stones Throw Records, the organization has since grown into an independent label with a vast global catalog and its own roster of contemporary artists.

Lester Abrams
Lester Abrams (born 1945) is a singer, songwriter, musician and producer who has played with such artists as B.B. King, Stevie Wonder, Peabo Bryson, Quincy Jones, Manfred Mann, Brian Auger, The Average White Band, The Doobie Brothers, Rufus and many others. Two of his co-compositions appeared on the Grammy Award–winning Doobie Brothers’ album Minute by Minute. He has also composed songs for film and television; two of his works can be heard in the Oliver Stone–produced movie South Central.

Lester Abrams was also a member of and/or associated with several other bands and people, including Leslie Smith, Arno Lucas, Rick Chudacoff, The Les Smith Soul Band, L.A. Carnival, Crackin' and more recently, Connie Price and the Keystones.
Wheaton College (Massachusetts)
Wheaton College is a private liberal arts college in Norton, Massachusetts. Wheaton was founded in 1834 as a female seminary. The trustees officially changed the name of the Wheaton Female Seminary to Wheaton College in 1912 after receiving a college charter from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It remained one of the oldest institutions of higher education for women in the United States until men began to be admitted in 1988. It enrolls 1,669 undergraduate students.

Norton, Massachusetts
Norton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States, and contains the villages of Norton Center and Chartley. The population was 19,202 at the 2020 census. Home of Wheaton College, Norton hosted the Dell Technologies Championship, a tournament of the PGA Tour held annually on the Labor Day holiday weekend at the TPC Boston golf club until 2018.
Airlines of New South Wales Pty Ltd v New South Wales (No 2)
Airlines of New South Wales Pty Ltd v New South Wales (No 2), was a High Court of Australia case about the validity of Commonwealth regulations about intrastate air navigation. Although the Commonwealth has the power to regulate interstate air navigation under s 51(i) of the Constitution, it can only regulate intrastate air navigation under the implied incidental power attached to that head of power. It was held that intrastate air navigation can be regulated to the extent that it provides for the safety of, or prevention of physical interference with, interstate or foreign air navigation.

Section 51(i) of the Constitution of Australia
Section 51(i) of the Australian Constitution enables the Parliament of Australia to make laws about:

Trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States;

The meaning of trade and commerce is clarified in section 98 of the Constitution which provides

The power of the Parliament to make laws with respect to trade and commerce extends to navigation and shipping, and to railways the property of any State.
Muna Jabbur
Muna Jabbur (Arabic: منى جبر, 1942–1964) was a Lebanese novelist. Alongside her contemporary Layla Balabakki, she was regarded as one of the pioneering vanguards shaping the literary culture scene of Beirut in the 1960s.

Born in the Akkar District of Lebanon, Jabbur authored the novel Fatah tafiha (Silly Girl) in 1962. The book explores the life of a young woman called Nada who experiences depression due to her father's attempts to indoctrinate her into traditional womanhood, against the backdrop of a modernizing Beirut. In 1964, she committed suicide at the age of 22.  Her second novel al-Ghirban wa-l-musub al-bayda (The Ravens and the White Gowns') was published posthumously in 1966.

Layla Baalbaki
Layla Baalbaki (Arabic: ليلى بعلبكي; 1936 – 21 October 2023) was a Lebanese novelist, journalist, activist and feminist. Among her most notable works is Ana Ahya (I Live) (1958) which tells the story of a woman's protest against parental authority and community leaders. Balabakki's literary work also inspired political uproar because of her public criticisms of Islam and sexually explicit stories. Balabakki was brought to trial, while her work was censored. Her desire to push back against societal values and explore alternative female identities made Balabakki a large influence on contemporary Arab feminism.
Ottoman Armenian population
The Ottoman Armenian population varied throughout history. The number of Armenians within the empire between 1914 and 1915 is a controversial topic. Most historians estimate the Armenian population in 1914 range from 1.5 to 2 million. According to Britannica prior to 1915 and Samuel Cox, American Embassy in Istanbul from 1880-1886, it was 1.75 million and 2.4 million, respectively.

Establishing the size of this population is very important in determining an accurate estimation of Armenian losses between 1915 and 1923 during the Armenian genocide.

Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
Armenians were a significant minority in the Ottoman Empire. They belonged to either the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Armenian Catholic Church, or the Armenian Protestant Church, each church serving as the basis of a millet. They played a crucial role in Ottoman industry and commerce, and Armenian communities existed in almost every major city of the empire. The majority of the Armenian population made up a reaya, or peasant class, in Western Armenia. Since the latter half the 19th century, the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire sought more autonomy and protection in what was part of the Armenian Question. Armenians were persecuted by Ottoman authorities and their Kemalist successors, especially from the latter half of the 19th century, culminating in the Armenian Genocide.
Dorchesterway
The Dorchesterway was a parkway planned by 19th century landscape designer Frederick Law Olmsted to be a continuation of the Emerald Necklace park network in Boston, Massachusetts.  This plan, however, was never implemented.

Emerald Necklace
The Emerald Necklace consists of a 1,100-acre (4.5 km2; 450 ha) chain of parks linked by parkways and waterways in Boston and Brookline, Massachusetts. It was designed by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, and gets its name from the way the planned chain appears to hang from the "neck" of the Boston peninsula.  In 1989, the Emerald Necklace was designated as a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission.
Mensa Otabil
Mensa Otabil (born August 31, 1959), is a Ghanaian theologian, motivational speaker, and entrepreneur. He is the founder of International Central Gospel Church headquartered in Accra, Ghana. He is also the founder and Chancellor of Central University College, and CEO of Otabil and Associates, an executive and Leadership Growth Consultancy.

He currently oversees the International Central Gospel churches, which has a network of local assemblies in Ghana, Europe, the United States, Canada and other parts of Africa.  He also serves as the senior pastor of Christ Temple, a ministry of the International Central Gospel Church. His work has centered on African issues, although he has spoken internationally at various conferences and churches.

Capital Bank (Ghana)
Capital Bank (previously First Capital Plus Bank) was an indigenous private national development and commercial Ghanaian bank. It was one of the private national development and commercial banks licensed by Bank of Ghana, the national banking regulator. On August 14, 2017, the Bank of Ghana announced it had revoked its license due to insolvency during Ghana's banking crisis. The bank was then taken over by GCB Bank. The founder of the bank, William Ato Essien and three others were subsequently charged with  misappropriating 100 million Ghana Cedis of the Bank's assets.
Baldhu
Baldhu (/bælˈdjuː, bɔːl-/; Cornish: Baldu, meaning black mine) is a village and parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the civil parish of Kea.

The parish church of Saint Michael and All Angels, designed by William White, is the burial place of Billy Bray, the revivalist preacher who was born at the nearby hamlet of  Twelveheads.

Baldhu is a former mining village (the name comes from the Cornish for 'black mine') and it is situated above the Carnon Valley 3 miles (4.8 kilometres) west of Truro. The parish was created in 1847 out of parts of Kea and Kenwyn and the church of St Michael was built soon after.

Truro
Truro (/ˈtrʊəroʊ/ ⓘ; Cornish: Truru) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Cornwall, England. It is the southernmost city in the United Kingdom, and lies 232 miles (373 km) west-south-west of London. It is Cornwall's county town, only city, and a centre for administration, leisure and shopping. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 21,046 and the population of the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which included the Gloweth and Treliske areas in the neighbouring parish of Kenwyn) was 23,060.

Truro grew as a trade centre through its port and as a stannary town for tin mining. It was awarded city status in 1877 following the creation of the Diocese of Truro the previous year. Truro Cathedral was built between 1880 and 1910. Truro is home to Cornwall Council, the Royal Cornwall Museum, the Hall for Cornwall and Cornwall's Courts of Justice. People from Truro are called Truronians.