hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dananir al-Barmakiyya
Dananir al-Barmakiyya (Arabic: دنانير البرمكية; late 8th-century – early 9th-century) was an Arabian qiyan musician, singer and poet. She is also known as the author of the famous Book of Songs.

She was from Medina. A slave, she was sold to Yahya ibn Khalid al-Barmaki.

As a slave, she was trained to become a qiyan. She was a student of the qiyan-musician Badhl, who was known for the number of songs she retained in her memory. Among her instructors were Ibrahim and Ishaf al-Mausuli, Ibn Jami, Fulaih, and Badhl.

Dananir is noted as one of the most famous quian-musicians. She is described as an accomplished poet, musician and singer. As a singer, she was popular with the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809), who visited his minister's house in Baghdad to hear her perform, and gave her extravagant gifts, including a necklace worth 30,000 gold coins.

She is most well known as the author of the Kitab mujarrad al-aghani (Book of Choice Songs).

Qiyan
Qiyān (Arabic: قِيان, Arabic: [qi'jæːn]; singular qayna, Arabic: قَينة, Arabic: ['qɑjnæh]) were a social class of women, trained as entertainers, which existed in the pre-modern Islamic world. The term has been used for women who were both free, including some of whom came from nobility, and non-free women. It has been suggested that "the geisha of Japan are perhaps the most comparable form of socially institutionalized female companionship and entertainment for male patrons, although, of course, the differences are also myriad".

Historically, the qiyān flourished under the Umayyad Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate, and in Al-Andalus.
Salghurids
The Salghurids (Persian: سلغُریان), also known as the Atabegs of Fars (اتابکان فارس), were a Persianate dynasty of Salur Turkoman origin that ruled Fars, first as vassals of the Seljuks then for the Khwarazm Shahs in the 13th century.

Salur (tribe)
Salur, Salyr or Salgur (Turkish: Salır, Turkmen: Salyr, سالؽر; Persian: سالور) was an ancient Oghuz Turkic (or Turkoman) tribe and a sub-branch of the Üçok tribal federation.

The medieval Karamanid principality in Anatolia belonged to the Karaman branch of the Salur. The Salghurids of Fars (Atabegs of Fars), were also a dynasty of Salur origin.

The patriarchs of the modern Turkmen tribe of the Salyr in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran, as well as the Salars of China, claim descent from the original Oghuz Salur.
Samartindianes
Samartindianes (Spanish: Anes, officially: Anes/Samartindianes) is a parish (administrative division) in Siero, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is 27.55 km2 (10.64 sq mi) in size, with a population of 1,135 (INE 2006). The postal code is 33189.

Siero
Siero is a municipality of the autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. With a population of 52,194 as of 2023, Siero is the fourth most populous municipality in Asturias. It has a total of 29 parishes, with the largest being Lugones; its capital parish is La Pola Siero. It is located centrally within Asturias, and the northernmost point of Siero is about 10 km from Asturias' largest city, Gijón, and the shores of the Cantabrian Sea.
Czech Cup
The Czech Cup (Czech: Pohár FAČR), officially known as the MOL Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the major men's football cup competition in the Czech Republic. It is organised by the Czech Football Association.

The Czech Cup was first held in 1961. The winner would then face the winner of the Slovak Cup in the Czechoslovak Cup final. This competition was discontinued in 1993, after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia into two independent states (Czech Republic and Slovakia).

The winner gains entry to the following season's UEFA Europa League.

Slovak Cup
The Slovak Cup (Slovak: Slovenský pohár), currently named Slovnaft Cup due to sponsorship agreement with Slovnaft, is the only nationwide knockout competition in Slovak football. The winner qualifies for the first round of the UEFA Europa League qualification.
Ramchandra Shukla
Ram Chandra Shukla (4 October 1884 – 2 February 1941), better known as Acharya Shukla, was an Indian historian of Hindi literature. He is regarded as the first codifier of the history of Hindi literature in a scientific system by using wide, empirical research with scant resources. As an author he is best known for Hindi Sahitya Ka Itihaas (1928–29).

Ram Vilas Sharma
Ram Vilas Sharma (10 October 1912 – 30 May 2000) was a progressive literary critic, linguist, poet and thinker. He was born in Unchgaon Sani, Unnao District, Uttar Pradesh. In a career spanning nearly five decades, Sharma authored over 50 books. He was the recipient of many awards including the Sahitya Academy Award, Bharat Bharati, Shalaka Samman, Vyas Samman (1991, first recipient), and the Shatabdi Samman.

In 1939 he wrote a scholarly paper on Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', presented at a session of Hindi Sahitya Sammelan.
2004 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
The 2004 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004, to elect the U.S. representative from the state's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate.

Incumbent Independent Bernie Sanders won re-election to his eighth and final term in the House of Representatives, defeating Republican Greg Parke and Democrat Larry Drown. Sanders would run for and be elected to the United States Senate in 2006, a seat he still holds today.

As of 2024, this is the last time someone who was not a member of the Democratic or Republican party was elected to the House of Representatives.

2006 United States Senate election in Vermont
The 2006 United States Senate election in Vermont was held November 7, 2006. Incumbent independent Senator Jim Jeffords decided to retire rather than seek reelection to a fourth term, and Bernie Sanders was elected to succeed him.

Sanders, who represented Vermont's at-large House district as an independent, won the Democratic primary, and then dropped out to run as an independent. Many Democratic politicians across the country endorsed him, and no Democrat was on the ballot. The state committee of the Vermont Democratic Party voted unanimously to endorse Sanders.

Sanders won the seat with 65% of the vote. His win marked the first Republican loss in an election for this Class 1 seat since 1850, decisively ending the longest single-party Senate winning streak in history. (Vermont's Class 3 seat had been held by Democrat Patrick Leahy since 1974, the first time a Republican had lost any Senate election in the state since 1850.)
Ivor Archie
Ivor Archie ORTT (born 18 August 1960) is a Trinidadian jurist who served as Chief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago from 2008 to 2025. He was formerly Solicitor general of the Cayman Islands from 1995 until his return to Trinidad in 1998.

Chief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago
The chief justice of Trinidad and Tobago is the highest judge of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and presides over the Supreme Court of Judicature of Trinidad and Tobago. The chief justice is appointed by a common decision of the President, the prime minister and the leader of the opposition.
British military hospital
British Military Hospitals were established and operated by the British Army, both at home and overseas during the 19th and 20th centuries, to treat service personnel (and others in certain circumstances). They varied in size, purpose and permanence.

Until the latter part of the 20th century the term 'Military Hospital' in British usage always signified a hospital run by the Army, whereas those run by the Navy were designated Royal Naval Hospitals and those run by the Royal Air Force RAF Hospitals. In the UK the last of these Military Hospitals were closed in the 1990s, replaced by a single tri-service hospital (which was itself closed in 2007); since then, service personnel (except when deployed on active service) have usually been treated in civilian (NHS) hospitals (some of which have had integrated Ministry of Defence Hospital Units provided as part of their establishment).

Cambridge Military Hospital
51°15′11″N 0°45′25″W﻿ / ﻿51.253°N 0.757°W﻿ / 51.253; -0.757
Cambridge Military Hospital was a hospital completed in 1879 in Aldershot Garrison, Hampshire, England which served the various British Army camps there. During World War I, the Cambridge Hospital was the first base hospital to receive casualties directly from the Western Front. It was also the first place where plastic surgery was performed in the British Empire under Harold Gillies. It is now the residential estate Gun Hill Park.
Egg cell
The egg cell or ovum (pl.: ova) is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger, female gamete and a smaller, male one). The term is used when the female gamete is not capable of movement (non-motile). If the male gamete (sperm) is capable of movement, the type of sexual reproduction is also classified as oogamous. A nonmotile female gamete formed in the oogonium of some algae, fungi, oomycetes, or bryophytes is an oosphere. When fertilized, the oosphere becomes the oospore.

When egg and sperm fuse together during fertilisation, a diploid cell (the zygote) is formed, which rapidly grows into a new organism.

Oogamy
Oogamy is a type of sexual reproduction where the gametes differ greatly in both size and form. In oogamy in animals the large female gamete (also known as the ovum) is immotile, while the small male gamete (also known as a sperm) is mobile. Most sexually reproducing species – animals,  land plants and some algae, are oogamous. It is generally accepted that isogamy is the ancestral state, from which oogamy evolved at least twenty times via anisogamy. Once oogamy evolves, males and females typically differ in various aspects. Internal fertilization may have originated from oogamy, although some studies suggest certain species may have evolved before the transition from external to internal fertilization. In streptophytes, oogamy occurred before the split from green algae.
Glawackus
The glawackus is one of the fearsome critters, a group of legendary creatures in the folklore and traditions of lumberjacks during the 19th and early 20th centuries in North America. The glawackus is described as looking something between a bear, a panther, and a lion. The glawackus is also known as the northern devil cat. It is known for its fearsome screech that compares to the cackle of a hyena. The creature is blind and uses its sense of smell as well as sound waves. Looking into the creature's eyes is said to wipe the victim's memory. It was seen in 1939 in Glastonbury, Connecticut.

Fearsome critters
In North American folklore and American mythology, fearsome critters were tall tale animals jokingly said to inhabit the wilderness in or around logging camps,  especially in the Great Lakes region. Today, the term may also be applied to similar fabulous beasts.
Red Bank Catholic High School
Red Bank Catholic High School is a four-year private coeducational Roman Catholic high school, located in Red Bank in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades, operating under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton. The school has been accredited by Cognia since 2013.

As of the 2017–18 school year, the school had an enrollment of 915 students and 74.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.3:1. The school's student body was 88.9% (813) White, 3.6% (33) Hispanic, 3.2% (29) Black and 0.9% (8) Asians. The Class of 2010 included students from 67 different communities and 71 schools. Red Bank Catholic High School has 88 full and part-time teachers, nine administrators, six guidance counselors, a campus minister and a chaplain. 40% of the school's faculty hold advanced degrees. The principal is Vanessa R. Pereira.

Red Bank Catholic High School's colors are Forest Green and Gold.

Immaculate Heart Academy
Immaculate Heart Academy (IHA) is an all-girls college preparatory private Roman Catholic high school located in Washington Township, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Immaculate Heart Academy has been accredited by the Commission on Secondary Schools of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools since 1971 and is accredited until January 2034. The school is also accredited by the New Jersey Association of Independent Schools.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 638 students and 62.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.2:1.

The school colors are blue and white, and the school's athletes are known as the Blue Eagles.
Palazzo Comunale, Piacenza
Palazzo Comunale (also called Palazzo Gotico) is a Gothic style palace located facing Piazza del Cavalli in the historic center of Piacenza, northern Italy which now serves as the seat of municipal administration. The facade is flanked by two bronze equestrian statues sculpted by Francesco Mochi and depicting the Farnese Dukes of Parma: Ranuccio (1612–20) and his father, Alexander (1620-1629). Across the piazza is the late-Baroque or early neoclassic Palazzo del Governatore (1787) designed by Lotario Tomba. Recessed and to the right is the 17th-century Collegio dei Mercanti.

Palazzo del Governatore, Piacenza
Palazzo del Governatore is a neoclassic-style palace located facing Piazza dei Cavalli in the historic center of Piacenza, northern Italy which now houses the town's chamber of commerce. The facade is flanked by two bronze equestrian statues sculpted by Francesco Mochi and depicting the Farnese Dukes of Parma: Ranuccio (1612–20) and his father, Alexander (1620-1629). Across the piazza is the Gothic-style Palazzo Comunale and the two equestrian statues of Farnese dukes, Alessandro and Ranuccio.
Marree, South Australia
Marree (/mɑːˈriː/ mah-REE, formerly Hergott Springs) is a small town located in the north of South Australia. It is located 589 kilometres (366 mi) north of Adelaide at the junction of the Oodnadatta Track and the Birdsville Track, 49 metres (161 ft) above sea level. Marree is an important service centre for the large sheep and cattle stations in north-east South Australia as well as a stopover destination for tourists travelling along the Birdsville or Oodnadatta Tracks.

The area is the home of the Dieri Aboriginal people. The major areas of employment are mining, agriculture and accommodation services.

The town was home to Australia's first mosque, which was made of mud brick and built by the Afghan cameleers employed at Marree's inception. At the turn of the 20th century the town was divided in two, with Europeans on one side and Afghans and Aboriginals on the other.

Outback Communities Authority
The Outback Communities Authority (OCA) is a statutory authority in South Australia (SA) created under the Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act 2009. It has been established to "manage the provision of public services and facilities to outback communities" which are widely dispersed across the Pastoral Unincorporated Area which covers almost 60% of South Australia's land area. The authority has its seat at both Port Augusta which is located outside the unincorporated area and at Andamooka. The authority serves an area of 624,339 square kilometres (241,059 square miles), slightly smaller than France. The area has a population of 3,750, of whom 639 are Indigenous Australians, and includes several large pastoral leases and mining operations.

The authority's area of responsibility does not include Aboriginal Local Government Areas, the largest of which are Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara in the northwest of SA and Maralinga Tjarutja in the west of SA.
Antrim railway station
Antrim railway station opened 1848 and serves the town of Antrim in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

The station currently serves trains on the Belfast to Derry line via Bleach Green and York Street station. Until 2003, Belfast-Derry trains reached here by means of the Lisburn-Antrim railway line, however, this line was mothballed after re-opening of the Bleach Green line. There is still the old platform for the Lisburn-Antrim line but has been cut back to allow room, on the other side of a fence, for the bus stands.   The possibility of reopening it as a circular route, with a halt at Aldergrove for Belfast International Airport has been discussed. The station has undergone a major refurbishment to become an integrated bus and rail hub. In total, the station had 4 platforms. One is completely disused, two in use, and one that has been shortened and rarely used.

York Street railway station
York Street railway station (also referred to as Belfast York Street) serves the north of Belfast in Northern Ireland.

The station replaced Yorkgate railway station, which was on a nearby site and closed after the last train on 27 April 2024. York Street station opened to the public before the first train on the following day. The station re-uses Yorkgate's original platforms.
Utetheisa salomonis
Utetheisa salomonis is a disputed moth species of the family Erebidae. It is found on the Loyalty Islands, the New Hebrides, the Solomon Islands, New Britain, Fiji and New Caledonia.

Utetheisa pectinata ruberrima is now considered a synonym of U. salomonis. However, U. salomonis may itself belong into Utetheisa pulchelloides.

Utetheisa pectinata
Utetheisa pectinata is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1907. It is found on the islands of Arafura Sea (Moa, Dammer, Tiandoe and Tam, Tenimber, Little Key) and in Australia (where it is only known from the coastal strip of the Northern Territory).
Ranjit Chowdhry
Ranjit Chowdhry (19 September 1955 – 15 April 2020) was an Indian character actor, known for his roles in television, movies, and theatre. He appeared in two episodes of The Office, as Vikram, a telemarketer who worked with Michael, and was briefly hired for The Michael Scott Paper Company.

For his role as Rocky in Deepa Mehta's 2002 film Bollywood/Hollywood, he was nominated for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role at the 23rd Genie Awards His other most noted role was in Last Holiday (2006), starring Queen Latifah.

Pearl Padamsee
Pearl Padamsee (1931 – 23 April 2000) was an Indian theatre personality as a stage actress, director and producer of English language theatre in Mumbai active in 1950s–1990s. She acted in a few Hindi and English language films, including Khatta Meetha, Junoon, Baaton Baaton Mein, Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love, and Such a Long Journey. She ran after-school theatre workshops for children.
National Tournament of Academic Excellence
The National Tournament of Academic Excellence (NTAE) (formerly known as the Panasonic Academic Challenge [PAC]) is a national high school academic competition run by the Florida Department of Education. The tournament resembles the Florida's own Commissioner's Academic Challenge, which is a type of quiz bowl format. The NTAE had been run in June starting in 1988. Sponsorship from Panasonic ended in 2008 and after 2009 the tournament was not held for several years until was it revived again in 2014.

Quiz bowl
Quiz bowl (quizbowl, scholars' bowl, scholastic bowl, academic bowl, academic team, academic challenge, etc.) is a family of quiz-based competitions that test players on a wide variety of academic subjects. Standardized quiz bowl formats are played by primary school, middle school, high school, and university students throughout North America, Asia, Europe, Australia, and Africa.

Quiz bowl competitions are typically played with a lockout buzzer system between at least two teams, usually consisting of four players each. A moderator reads questions to the players, who try to score points for their team by buzzing first and responding with the correct answer.

Quiz bowl is most commonly played in a tossup/bonus format, which consists of a series of two different types of questions. Other formats, particularly in local competitions, may deviate from the above rules, with additions like lightning rounds or category choice.
Buys Ballot Medal
The Buys Ballot Medal is a prize given out by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.  It was instituted in 1888 to honour the achievements of the Dutch meteorologist C.H.D. Buys Ballot. The prize is awarded approximately every ten years to an individual that has made significant contributions to meteorology.

The recipients have been:

1893 – Julius von Hann, Austria

1903 – Richard Assmann and Arthur Berson, Germany

1913 – Hugo Hergesell, Germany

1923 – Sir Napier Shaw, United Kingdom

1933 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norway

1948 – Sverre Petterssen, Norway

1953 – Gustav Swoboda, Czech Republic

1963 – Erik Palmén, Finland

1973 – Joseph Smagorinsky, United States

1982 – Aksel C. Wiin-Nielsen, Denmark

1995 – Veerabhadran Ramanathan, United States

2004 – Edward Norton Lorenz, United States

2014 – Sir Brian Hoskins, United Kingdom

2023 – Sandrine Bony, France

Aksel C. Wiin-Nielsen
Aksel C. Wiin-Nielsen (17 December 1924 – 26 April 2010) was a Danish professor of meteorology at University of Copenhagen, University of Michigan, Director of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
Fort Branch, Indiana
Fort Branch is the largest town and 2nd largest community in Gibson County, Indiana after Princeton. The population was 2,965 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Evansville, Indiana, Metropolitan Area.

Vincennes University
Vincennes University (VU) is a public college with its main campus in Vincennes, Indiana, United States. Founded in 1801 as Jefferson Academy, VU is the oldest public institution of higher learning in Indiana. It was chartered in 1806 as the Indiana Territory's four-year university and remained the state of Indiana's sole public university until the establishment of Indiana University in 1820. VU was rechartered as a two-year university in 1889 and began offering bachelor's degrees in 2005.

Vincennes University's campus is a residential campus on the banks of the Wabash River. Other VU sites include a campus in Jasper, Indiana, the Center for Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics in Fort Branch, Indiana, along with centers for Aviation, Logistics, Advanced Manufacturing, and American Sign Language, in the Indianapolis area.
Submarine warfare
Submarine warfare is one of the four divisions of underwater warfare, the others being anti-submarine warfare, mine warfare and mine countermeasures.

Submarine warfare consists primarily of diesel and nuclear submarines using torpedoes, missiles or nuclear weapons, as well as advanced sensing equipment, to attack other submarines, ships, or land targets. Submarines may also be used for reconnaissance and landing of special forces as well as deterrence. In some navies they may be used for task force screening. The effectiveness of submarine warfare partly depends on the anti-submarine warfare carried out in response.

Unrestricted submarine warfare
Unrestricted submarine warfare is a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink merchant ships such as freighters and tankers without warning. The use of unrestricted submarine warfare has had significant impacts on international relations in regard to both the First World War and the Second World War. Its history has been dominated by German decision making.

There have been attempts to limit the use of unrestricted naval warfare, with some dating back to before the turn of the 20th century as an extension of rules for surface raiders. While initially submarines operated successfully by attacking on the surface using deck guns, attacking without warning while submerged reduces the opportunity for the target to escape or defend itself if armed.