hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roger Clifford, 5th Baron Clifford
Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford, 9th Lord Clifford, 5th Baron of Westmoreland (10 July 1333 – 13 July 1389), was the son of Robert de Clifford, 3rd Baron de Clifford (d. 20 May 1344), second son of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford (1273–1314), the founder of the northern branch of the family. His mother was Isabella (d. 25 July 1362), daughter of Maurice, 2nd Lord Berkeley. He succeeded his elder brother, Robert de Clifford, 4th Baron de Clifford in 1350, on which day he made proof of his age.

Thomas Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick, KG (c. 14 February 1313 – 13 November 1369), sometimes styled as Lord Warwick, was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years' War. His reputation as a military leader was so formidable that he was nicknamed "the devil Warwick" by the French.
In 1348 he became one of the founders and the third Knight of the Order of the Garter.

Thomas was undoubtedly a brave warrior in battle and proved to be a strong military leader. For example, the 14th-century Anonimalle Chronicle states that when news arrived of his landing at Calais, the Duke of Burgundy, whose forces were camped nearby, made a hasty retreat under cover of darkness to avoid an encounter with "the devil Warwick".

He fought in Scotland as captain of the army against the Scots in 1337 at the age of 24. He also fought in the Hundred Years' Wars with France, commanding the English victory at the Battle of Crécy in 1346.
Morongo desert snail
The Morongo desert snail (Eremarionta morongoana) is a species of land snail in the family Helminthoglyptidae.

It is endemic to California in the Western United States.

It is known only from the Morongo Basin area of the Colorado Desert−Mojave Desert ecotone, in Riverside County and San Bernardino County.

Morongo Basin
The Morongo Basin is an endorheic basin and valley region located in eastern San Bernardino County, in Southern California.

The Morongo basin is part of the Inland Empire region,  and is not considered to be the easternmost portion of the Greater Los Angeles Area, the 2nd largest metropolitan region in the United States.
Tom Heckert Sr.
Tom Heckert (September 18, 1938 – September 20, 2016) was an American football coach, scout, and executive.  He served as the head football coach at Adrian College from 1973 to 1981, compiling a record of 43–36–2.  Heckert was then a scout with the Cleveland Browns from 1982 to 1986 and a personnel executive with the Miami Dolphins from 1989 until his retirement in 2007.  His son, Tom Heckert Jr., was the former general manager of the Browns.

Tom Heckert Jr.
Thomas Heckert Jr. (July 17, 1967 – August 5, 2018) was an American football executive who served as the general manager for the Cleveland Browns and Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). In his 27-year career, Heckert was a part of 17 postseason campaigns, 11 division titles, eight conference championship games, three Super Bowl appearances and one Super Bowl Championship, while with the Denver Broncos.
Llyn y Fan Fach
Llyn y Fan Fach (Welsh meaning "little lake of the peak") is a lake of approximately 10 hectares (25 acres) on the northern margin of the Black Mountain in Carmarthenshire, South Wales and lying within the Brecon Beacons National Park. The lake lies at an altitude of approximately 1,660 feet (510 m), immediately to the north of the ridge of the Carmarthen Fans. It is the smaller of two lakes within this mountain massif: the slightly larger Llyn y Fan Fawr is about 2 miles (3.2 km) to the east.

Black Mountain (range)
The Black Mountain (Welsh: Y Mynydd Du) is a mountain range in South, Mid and West Wales, straddling the county boundary between Carmarthenshire and Powys and forming the westernmost range of the Brecon Beacons National Park. Its highest point is Fan Brycheiniog at 802 metres or 2,631 ft. The Black Mountain also forms a part of the Fforest Fawr Geopark.
Dyffryn Cellwen
Dyffryn Cellwen is a village in the County Borough of Neath Port Talbot, South Wales. It is situated in the upper Dulais Valley near the junction of the A4109 and A4221 roads, northwest of the smaller settlement of Banwen. It is part of the community of Onllwyn.

The village stands close to the course of the Roman road from the fort at Nidum (Neath) to Y Gaer (Brecon), and there are traces of a Roman fort and camp nearby. (See Banwen for details of the Roman sites.) At one time, mining for iron, copper, and especially coal were important activities in the area.

51°46′35″N 03°39′50″W﻿ / ﻿51.77639°N 3.66389°W﻿ / 51.77639; -3.66389

A4109 road
The A4109 road, known as the Inter Valley Road, links Aberdulais with Glynneath in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales.

The route begins in Aberdulais at the junction with the A4230 and A465 roads; it diverges northwards away from the A465 up the Dulais Valley and crosses through the settlements of Crynant, Ynysfforch, Seven Sisters, Onllwyn, Dyffryn Cellwen and Banwen where it has a junction with the A4221.  The road then continues in a southeasterly direction along the Inter Valley Road to Glynneath where it again connects with the A465.
Dog communication
Dog communication refers to the methods dogs use to  transfer information to other dogs, animals, and humans. Dogs may exchange information vocally, visually, or through smell.  Visual communication includes mouth shape and head position, licking and sniffing, ear and tail positioning, eye contact, facial expression, and body posture. Auditory communication can include barks, growls, howls, whines and whimpers, screams, pants and sighs. Dogs also communicate via gustatory communication, utilizing scent and pheromones.

Humans can communicate with dogs through a wide variety of methods. Broadly, this includes vocalization, hand signals, body posture and touch. The two species also communicate visually. Through domestication, dogs have become particularly adept at "reading" human facial expressions. Dogs recognise and infer emotional information from humans. When communicating with a human, their level of comprehension is generally comparable to a toddler.

Howling
Howling is a vocal form of animal communication seen in most canines, particularly wolves, coyotes, foxes, and dogs, as well as cats and some species of monkeys. Howls are lengthy sustained sounds, loud and audible over long distances, often with some variation in pitch over the length of the sound. Howling is generally used by animals that engage in this behavior to signal their positions to one another, to call the pack to assemble, or to note their territory. The behavior is occasionally copied by humans, and has been noted to have varying degrees of significance in human culture.
Golden-spotted tree monitor
The golden-spotted tree monitor (Varanus boehmei), also known commonly as the golden speckled tree monitor, is a species of monitor lizard in the family Varanidae. The species is endemic to Waigeo Island in Indonesia.

Monitor lizard
Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus Varanus, the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the southern United States as an invasive species.  About 94 species are recognized.

Monitor lizards have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. The adult length of extant species ranges from 20 cm (7.9 in) in some species such as Varanus sparnus, to over 3 m (10 ft) in the case of the Komodo dragon, though the extinct megalania (Varanus priscus) may have reached lengths of more than 7 m (23 ft). Most monitor species are terrestrial, but many are also arboreal or semiaquatic. While most monitor lizards are carnivorous, eating smaller reptiles, fish, birds, insects, small mammals, and eggs, a few species also eat fruit and vegetation.
Sappho (organisation)
Sappho was an English lesbian social club founded in 1972 by Jackie Forster and others.

The club, whose namesake was the poet Sappho of Lesbos, met every Tuesday at The Chepstow, a public house in the Notting Hill district of London. The group advertised their meetings in the magazines Time Out London and City Limits.

Until 1981, the club published an eponymous monthly magazine with a peak circulation of about 1,000 copies.

Forster founded and edited the magazine after writing for Arena Three (of the Minorities Research Group), which had folded soon before. Sappho distributed their magazine at their meetings, and also at such lesbian venues as Gateways, a nightclub in Chelsea. Back issues of the magazine are now held in the Hall–Carpenter Archives.

Sappho continued to meet regularly until the late 1990s, each week inviting guest speakers such as Miriam Margolyes, Maureen Duffy, and Anna Raeburn.

Minorities Research Group
The Minorities Research Group (MRG) (est. 1963) was the first organisation to openly advocate the interests of lesbians in the United Kingdom. It was founded by four women who got together in response to an article that was published in the magazine Twentieth Century. The group published the Minorities Research Group Newsletter, and went on to publish its own lesbian magazine called Arena Three that provided a lifeline to remote lesbians around the country.

The aims of the MRG were quoted as to "collaborate in research into the homosexual condition, especially as it concerns women; and to disseminate information to those genuinely in the quest of enlightenment". Esme Langley, one of the group's key founders, was insistent that it should focus on research and be inclusive of heterosexuals and supportive of lesbian individuals. As well as lesbians, its members included social workers, psychiatrists and writers such as Iris Murdoch.
Kroll Opera House
52°31′07″N 13°22′14″E﻿ / ﻿52.51861°N 13.37056°E﻿ / 52.51861; 13.37056

The Kroll Opera House (German: Krolloper, Kroll-Oper) in Berlin, Germany, was in the Tiergarten district on the western edge of the Königsplatz square (today Platz der Republik), facing the Reichstag building. It was built in 1844 as an entertainment venue for the restaurant owner Joseph Kroll, and redeveloped as an opera house in 1851. It also served as the assembly hall of the Reichstag from 1933 to 1942. Severely damaged by the bombing of Berlin in World War II and the Battle of Berlin, it was demolished in 1951.

Platz der Republik (Berlin)
Platz der Republik (German: [ˈplats deːɐ̯ ʁepuˈbliːk], Republic Square) is a square in Berlin, Germany. It is located in the Tiergarten (borough Mitte), directly in front (west) of the Reichstag building. The square has an area of about 36,900 square meters and is almost completely covered by grass but is decorated with some hedges and a few trees.

Before 1926 and between 1933 and 1948 it was called Königsplatz (German: [ˈkøːnɪçsˌplats], King's Square). The Victory Column stood here before it was moved to its present location in 1939. Also the Bismarck Memorial was located here until 1938.
Złote Tarasy
The Złote Tarasy (Polish: [ˈzwɔ.tɛ ˈta.rasɘ̟]), also known by its anglicized name Golden Terraces, is a commercial, office, and entertainment
complex in the city centre of Warsaw, Poland. It is located at 59 Złota Street, between Jana Pawła II and Emilii Plater. It was opened on 7 February 2007. The complex consists of Złote Tarasy shopping centre, Lumen office building, and the Skylight office skyscraper building, which is among top 30 tallest buildings in the city. The complex is owned by Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield.

It is located within the district of Śródmieście (Downtown), in the municipal neighbourhood of Żelazna Brama, and the City Information System area of Śródmieście Północne. Next to it area located the Warszawa Centralna (Warsaw Central) railway station, the Palace of Culture and Science, and Złota 44.

Złota 44
Złota 44 is a residential skyscraper (192 meters high, 52 stories) in central Warsaw, Poland. It was designed by Polish-American architect Daniel Libeskind, in association with Polish architects Artchitecture. It was developed by US real estate investment manager Amstar and Warsaw developer BBI Development, which bought the topped-out but unfinished building from its initial developer, ORCO. The building is sometimes referred to as Żagiel (meaning  "sail" in Polish) although the skyscraper's architect drew inspiration for Złota 44 from the shape of an eagle's wing symbolizing changing Warsaw, Poland and freedom.
Fab lab
A fab lab (fabrication laboratory) is a small-scale workshop offering (personal) digital fabrication.

A fab lab is typically equipped with an array of flexible computer-controlled tools that cover several different length scales and various materials, with the aim to make "almost anything". This includes prototyping and technology-enabled products generally perceived as limited to mass production.

While fab labs have yet to compete with mass production and its associated economies of scale in fabricating widely distributed products, they have already shown the potential to empower individuals to create smart devices for themselves. These devices can be tailored to local or personal needs in ways that are not practical or economical using mass production.

The fab lab movement is closely aligned with the DIY movement, open-source hardware, maker culture, and the free and open-source movement, and shares philosophy as well as technology with them.

Maker culture
The maker culture is a contemporary subculture representing a technology-based extension of DIY culture that intersects with hardware-oriented parts of hacker culture and revels in the creation of new devices as well as tinkering with existing ones. The maker culture in general supports open-source hardware. Typical interests enjoyed by the maker culture include engineering-oriented pursuits such as electronics, robotics, 3-D printing, and the use of computer numeric control tools, as well as more traditional activities such as metalworking, woodworking, and, mainly, its predecessor, traditional arts and crafts.

The subculture stresses a cut-and-paste approach to standardized hobbyist technologies, and encourages cookbook re-use of designs published on websites and maker-oriented publications. There is a strong focus on using and learning practical skills and applying them to reference designs. There is also growing work on equity and the maker culture.
Millersburg, Kentucky
Millersburg is a home rule-class city in Bourbon County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Millersburg had a population of 747. It is part of the Lexington–Fayette Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Bourbon County, Kentucky
Bourbon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,252. Its county seat is Paris. Bourbon County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of Kentucky's nine original counties, and is best known for its historical association with bourbon whiskey.
Indrail Pass
An Indrail Pass was a special railway pass available to foreign nationals created along the lines of the Eurail Pass for unlimited travel without reservation of a ticket on the Indian Railways network. This ticket was available for purchase  in time periods from half a day to 90 days and in 3 classes.

As of 19 September 2017 by Railway Board order, Indrail passes have been discontinued.

Rail pass
A rail pass is a pass that covers the cost of train travel in a certain designated area or areas within a certain period of time. It is contrasted to a point-to-point ticket in that it allows the holder unlimited travel, within the pre-designated area and period, while a point-to-point ticket only permits the holder to travel from a point to another once. It is different from a season ticket in the sense that, while both of them grant unlimited travel to the holder, season tickets normally target commuting travellers, whereas rail passes usually target tourists. Based on this difference, terms of use are thus normally set differently.

The first rail pass was issued as the Eurail pass in March 1959. Owing to its success, many other passes have been issued by various railway companies all around the world since then.
Patricia A. Goldman
Patricia Ann Goldman (March 22, 1942 – July 26, 2023) was an American public official and women's rights advocate. She served on the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) from 1979 to 1988, most of that time as vice chair.

An alumna of Goucher College, Goldman began her career in 1964 as a legislative assistant on Capitol Hill. She worked for various political organizations, directing the Wednesday Group (a group of liberal Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives) and chairing the Republican Women's Task Force of the National Women's Political Caucus. She was appointed to the NTSB by President Jimmy Carter in 1979 and reappointed by Ronald Reagan in 1984.

In 1988, Goldman entered the private sector as a senior vice president for USAir. She was later president of the WISH List and the Ovarian Cancer National Alliance, which she co-founded and served on the board of the Chautauqua Foundation.

Charles Goodell
Charles Ellsworth Goodell Jr. (March 16, 1926 – January 21, 1987) was an American politician who represented New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1959 to 1968 and the United States Senate from 1968 to 1971. In both cases, he took office following the deaths of his predecessors, first in a special election and second as a temporary appointee succeeding Robert F. Kennedy.

He was elected to four full terms in Congress after winning his first race in 1959. He resigned on September 9, 1968, to accept an appointment by governor Nelson Rockefeller to fill the vacancy caused by the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy on June 5, 1968. Having earned the support of both the Republican and Liberal parties in 1970, he lost in a three-way race to Conservative Party candidate James L. Buckley, having split the liberal vote with Democratic Party candidate Richard Ottinger.

Goodell was the father of National Football League (NFL) Commissioner Roger Goodell.
2010 Cup of Russia
The 2010 Cup of Russia was the fifth event of six in the 2010–11 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Megasport Arena in Moscow on November 18–21. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2010–11 Grand Prix Final.

2010–11 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2010–11 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was a figure skating competition in the 2010–11 season, held in conjunction with the ISU Junior Grand Prix Final. It was the culminating competition of both the 2010–11 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition, and the 2010–11 ISU Junior Grand Prix, a junior-level international competition.

The event was held in Beijing, China from December 8–12, 2010. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior and junior levels.
Yinwang
Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd, (Chinese: 深圳引望智能技术有限公司) trading as "Yinwang", is a company of Huawei which specialized in providing parts and hardware and software solutions for automotive manufacturers. The company was formerly known as Huawei Intelligent Automotive Solution (HIAS, Chinese: 华为智能汽车解决方案), the automobile business unit of Huawei.

Voyah
Voyah (Chinese: 岚图; Chinese: 嵐圖; pinyin: Lántú) is the luxury division of Chinese central state-owned automaker Dongfeng Motor Corporation. Voyah was founded in April 2019, specializing in designing and developing premium electric vehicles. Dongfeng Motor Corporation unveiled its brand logo at the Big House Contemporary Art Center in Wuhan on July 17, 2020.

It emerged from Dongfeng-Renault after Renault exited the joint venture in 2020, with its factory being repurposed for Voyah vehicle production.
Chillicothe, Illinois
Chillicothe (/ˌtʃɪlɪˈkɔːθi/) is a town on the Illinois River in Peoria County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Chillicothe had a population of 6,128. Chillicothe is just north of the city of Peoria and is part of the Peoria Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Peoria metropolitan area
The Peoria Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of six counties in Central Illinois, anchored by the city of Peoria. As of the 2020 census, the area had a population of 402,391 or 368,782 excluding Fulton County. The City of Peoria, according to the 2020 US Census Bureau, has 113,150 people.
NDUFV2
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial (NDUFV2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFV2 gene. The encoded protein, NDUFV2, is a subunit of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations in this gene are implicated in Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and have been found in one case of early onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy.

Respiratory complex I
Respiratory complex I, EC 7.1.1.2 (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of many organisms from bacteria to humans. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane of bacteria.

This enzyme is essential for the normal functioning of cells, and mutations in its subunits lead to a wide range of inherited neuromuscular and metabolic disorders. Defects in this enzyme are responsible for the development of several pathological processes such as ischemia/reperfusion damage (stroke and cardiac infarction), Parkinson's disease and others.
Dan Vado
Dan Vado (born September 9, 1959) is an American comic book publisher and writer, and a fixture of the independent comics community. Vado is the owner, president, and publisher of Slave Labor Graphics, better known as SLG Publishing.

Slave Labor Graphics
Slave Labor Graphics (SLG) is an American independent comic book publisher, well known for publishing darkly humorous, offbeat adult comics. Creators associated with SLG over the years include Evan Dorkin, Roman Dirge, Sarah Dyer, Woodrow Phoenix, Jhonen Vasquez, and Andi Watson.
Associate degree
An associate degree or associate's degree is an undergraduate degree awarded after a course of post-secondary study lasting two to three years. It is a level of academic qualification above a high school diploma and below a bachelor's degree.

The first associate degrees were awarded in the UK (where they are no longer awarded) in 1873 before spreading to the US in 1898. In the United States, the associate degree may allow transfer into the third year of a bachelor's degree. Associate degrees have since been introduced in a small number of other countries.

Foundation degree
A foundation degree is a combined academic and vocational qualification in higher education in the United Kingdom, equivalent to two-thirds of an honours bachelor's degree. Foundation degrees were introduced by the Department for Education and Employment in 2000. They are available in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and offered by universities, colleges with their own foundation degree awarding powers, and colleges and employers running courses validated by universities.

Foundation degrees must include a pathway for graduates to progress to an honours degree. This may be via joining the final year of a standard three-year course or through a dedicated 'top-up' course. Students can also transfer to other institutions to take a top-up course or the final year of an honours course. It may also be possible for students to join the second year of an honours course in a different but related subject.