hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Butyl group
In organic chemistry, butyl is a four-carbon alkyl radical or substituent group with general chemical formula −C4H9, derived from either of the two isomers (n-butane and isobutane) of butane.

The isomer n-butane can connect in two ways, giving rise to two "-butyl" groups:

If it connects at one of the two terminal carbon atoms, it is normal butyl or n-butyl: −CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3 (preferred IUPAC name: butyl)

If it connects at one of the non-terminal (internal) carbon atoms, it is secondary butyl or sec-butyl: −CH(CH3)−CH2−CH3 (preferred IUPAC name: butan-2-yl)

The second isomer of butane, isobutane, can also connect in two ways, giving rise to two additional groups:

If it connects at one of the three terminal carbons, it is isobutyl: −CH2−CH(CH3)2 (preferred IUPAC name: 2-methylpropyl)

If it connects at the central carbon, it is tertiary butyl, tert-butyl or t-butyl: −C(CH3)3 (preferred IUPAC name: tert-butyl)

Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. 
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.
Brno-Tuřany
Brno-Tuřany is a city district in Brno, Czech Republic, located in the southeastern part of the city. It is made up of the cadastral territories of Brněnské Ivanovice, Dvorska, Holásky and Tuřany. The total area is 17.84 km². The city district was established on November 24, 1990, its office is located in Tuřany. About 5,900 inhabitants live here. It is known for the Brno-Tuřany Airport.

For the purposes of the senate elections, Brno-Tuřany is included in electoral district number 58 of Brno-City District.

Holásky
Holásky (German: Holasek) is a municipal part and cadastral territory on the southeastern edge of the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Its area is 1.83 km2. Originally its own municipality, it was annexed into Brno in 1960, and since November 24, 1990 it has been part of the city district of Brno-Tuřany. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
Western Hills Group
The Western Hills Group (Chinese: 西山會議派; pinyin: xīshān huìyì pài; Wade–Giles: hsi1shan1 hui4i4 pʻai4) or Western Hills Conference was a right-wing conservative faction of the Chinese Nationalist Party, or KMT, active in the 1920s. The faction was formed at a meeting of KMT leaders opposed to communist influence held at Biyun Temple in the Western Hills district of Beijing in November 1925. About half the KMT leadership attended the meeting. The group included Lin Sen, Ju Zheng, Zou Lu, and Xie Chi. In the three-way struggle for party leadership that followed the death of Sun Yat-sen, the group supported Hu Hanmin against leftist Wang Jingwei ("Reorganization Group") and centrist Chiang Kai-shek.

Lin Sen
Lin Sen (Chinese: 林森; pinyin: Lín Sēn; 16 March 1868 – 1 August 1943) was a Chinese politician who served as Chairman of the National Government of the Republic of China from 1931 until his death in 1943.
Antoni Sułkowski (chancellor)
Antoni Sułkowski (11 June 1735 – 16 April 1796) was a Polish statesman, voivode of Gniezno and Kalisz, lieutenant-general of the Crown army, 3rd ordynat of Rydzyna. Sułkowski served as the last Chancellor of Poland from 1793 to 1795.

Antoni Sułkowski was born on 11 June 1735 in Dresden. His father was Aleksander Józef Sułkowski and his mother Maria Anna Franiciszka Katarzyna née von Stain und Jettingen. He had a son, Antoni Paweł Sułkowski.

Antoni Paweł Sułkowski
Prince Antoni Paweł Sułkowski (born 31 December 1785 in Leszno, died 13 April 1836 in Rydzyna), of the Sułkowski family, was a Polish division general (who also spent time in French service) and later overall commander of the armed forces of the Duchy of Warsaw.
High-floor
High-floor describes the interior flooring of commuter vehicles primarily used in public transport such as trains, light rail cars and other rail vehicles, along with buses and trolleybuses. Interior floor height is generally measured above the street surface or above the top of the rail. High-floor designs usually result from packaging requirements: mechanical items such as axles, motors, crankshafts, and/or transmissions, or luggage storage spaces are traditionally placed under the interior floor of these vehicles. The term is used in contrast with low-floor designs, which offer a decreased floor and entry height above the street surface. Since low-floor designs generally were developed after high-floor vehicles, the older high-floor design is sometimes also known as conventional or the “traditional” design.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
Peterbell
Peterbell is an unincorporated place and dispersed rural community in geographic Coderre Township, in the Unorganized North part of Algoma District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental railway main line between the railway points of Argolis to the west and Dunrankin to the east, has a passing track, and is passed but not served by Via Rail transcontinental Canadian trains.

The place is on the Missinaibi River, a tributary of the Moose River. It is named for Peter Warren Bell, who was in charge of the Hudson's Bay Company Superior District from 1866 to 1895.

Missinaibi River
The Missinaibi River is a river in northern Ontario, Canada, which flows northeast from Missinaibi Lake, north of Chapleau, and empties into the Moose River, which drains into James Bay. This river (including Missinaibi Lake and Moose River to James Bay) is 755 kilometres (469 mi) in length. It is one of the longest free-flowing and undeveloped rivers in Ontario.

The river's name (masinâpôy sîpiy, ᒪᓯᓈᐴᔾ ᓰᐱᔾ) means "pictured waters" in the Cree language which is thought to refer to the pictographs found on rock faces along the river.

At Thunderhouse Falls, which is actually a chain of relatively small waterfalls connected by violent rapids, the river drops 40 metres, part of its descent from the Canadian Shield to the Hudson Bay Lowlands.
Mehrgarh
Mehrgarh  is a Neolithic archaeological site situated on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan in Pakistan. It is located near the Bolan Pass, to the west of the Indus River and between the modern-day Pakistani cities of Quetta, Kalat and Sibi. The site was discovered in 1974 by the French Archaeological Mission in the Indus Basin led by the French archaeologists Jean-François Jarrige and  Catherine Jarrige. Mehrgarh was excavated continuously between 1974 and 1986, and again from 1997 to 2000. Archaeological material has been found in six mounds, and about 32,000 artifacts have been collected from the site. The earliest settlement at Mehrgarh, located in the northeast corner of the 495-acre (2.00 km2) site, was a small farming village dated from 7000 BCE or 5250 BCE (see below).

Sheri Khan Tarakai
Sheri Khan Tarakai is an ancient settlement site located in the Bannu District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It was occupied from approximately 5000 BC to 2500 BC.

Excavations have shown that the settlement at Sheri Khan Tarakai was a small village, populated at any one time by perhaps a few hundred people who lived in mud-walled houses, some of which had stone foundations and flat roofs made of wattle and daub. It is unlikely that the whole area of the identified site was occupied at one time.
Kyoto Municipal Subway
The Kyoto Municipal Subway (京都市営地下鉄, Kyōto-shiei chikatetsu), also known as the Kyoto City Subway, is the rapid transit network in the city of Kyoto, Japan. Operated by the Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau, it has two lines.

Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau
Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau (京都市交通局, Kyōto-shi Kōtsū-kyoku) is an agency of the city government of Kyoto, Japan that operates municipal subways and city buses within the city. Previously, it also operated trams and trolley buses.
Brodie helmet
The Brodie helmet is a steel combat helmet designed and patented in London in 1915 by Latvian inventor John Leopold Brodie (Leopolds Janno Braude). A modified form of it became the Helmet, Steel, Mark I in Britain and the M1917 Helmet in the US. Colloquially, it was called the shrapnel helmet, battle bowler, Tommy helmet, tin hat, and in the United States the doughboy helmet. It was also known as the dishpan hat, tin pan hat, washbasin and Kelly helmet. The German Army called it the Salatschüssel (salad bowl).

Zuckerman helmet
The Zuckerman helmet, officially designated the Civilian Protective Helmet, was a helmet designed for use by civil defence organisations and the general public in the United Kingdom during World War II. It was researched and designed by Solly Zuckerman, Derman Christopherson and Hugh Cairns and manufactured between 1940 and 1942.
Mitchelstown
Mitchelstown (Irish: Baile Mhistéala) is a town in the north of County Cork, Ireland with a population of over 3,740. It is situated in the valley to the south of the Galtee Mountains. Mitchelstown is 13 km south-west of the Mitchelstown Cave, 53 km north of Cork City, 56 km south-east of Limerick City and 15 km north of Fermoy. The town is close to the M8 motorway which links Cork and Dublin.

Mitchelstown has been described as one of the "finest Georgian planned towns" in Ireland. The River Gradoge runs by the town into the River Funshion, which in turn is a tributary of the River Blackwater. Mitchelstown is within the Dáil constituency of Cork East.

Mitchelstown Cave
Mitchelstown Cave  is a limestone cave near Burncourt, County Tipperary, Ireland. Situated 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Mitchelstown, County Cork, it became the first cave in Ireland to be developed for the public in 1972.

The cave is located near Mitchelstown, County Cork, but is actually in County Tipperary . It is a  local landmark and tourist destination, with a number of caverns open to the public through a guided tour. Noteworthy speleothems include the Tower of Babel column. The largest cavern, known as the Tír na Nóg has hosted concerts and events.
John Kantakouzenos (pinkernes)
John Kantakouzenos (Greek: Ἱωάννης Καντακουζηνός) was a governor of the Thracesian Theme between 1244 and 1249, with the titles of doux and pinkernes. In 1249 he commanded an expedition sent by Emperor John III Vatatzes against the Genoese who had invaded and taken control of Rhodes during the absence of its governor John Gabalas.

Towards the end of his life John Kantakouzenos became a monk, adopting the name Joannikios, and died sometime before 1257.

Donald Nicol provides evidence to support the identification of this John with John Kantakouzenos Komnenos Angelos, who was the husband of Irene Komnene Palaiologina, sister of Michael VIII Palaiologos. Known children of this couple include:

Theodora, who married (1) George Mouzalon, (2) John Raoul Petraliphas;

Maria, wife of Constantine Tikh;

Anna, wife of Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas;

Eugenia, wife of Syrgiannes, and was the mother of Syrgiannes Palaiologos; and

A possible fifth unnamed daughter, who married Theodore Mouzalon.

Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene
Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene (Bulgarian: Мария Палеологина Кантакузина, Greek: Μαρία Παλαιολογίνα Καντακουζηνή; died after 1294) was an Empress consort of Bulgaria by marriage to two Bulgarian emperors, Constantine Tikh and Ivaylo. She was a niece of Michael VIII Palaiologos.

She is referred to as the most powerful empress of Bulgaria. She ruled as regent from 1271 to 1279 on behalf of her minor son, Michael Asen II, who was made co-regent of her first spouse, and remained co-regent during the reign of her second spouse.
Olmo Gentile
Olmo Gentile is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Asti.

Olmo Gentile borders Perletto, Roccaverano, San Giorgio Scarampi, and Serole.

Perletto
Perletto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 65.93 kilometres (40.97 mi) southeast of Turin and about 58.18 kilometres (36.15 mi) northeast of Cuneo.
Dupuis
Éditions Dupuis S.A. (French: [dypɥi]) is a Belgian publisher of comic albums and magazines.

Based in Marcinelle near Charleroi, Dupuis is mostly famous for its comic albums and magazines. Initially a French language publisher, it now publishes numerous editions in both the French language and Dutch. Other language editions are mostly licensed to other publishers.

Spirou & Fantasio
Spirou & Fantasio (French: Spirou et Fantasio), commonly shortened to Spirou, is one of the most popular classic Franco-Belgian comics. The series, which has been running since 1938, shares many characteristics with other European humorous adventure comics like The Adventures of Tintin, Lucky Luke, and Asterix. It has been written and drawn by a succession of artists.

Spirou and Fantasio are the series' main characters, two adventurous journalists who run into fantastic adventures, aided by Spirou's pet squirrel Spip and their inventor friend, the Count of Champignac.
Halchidhoma traditional narratives
Halchidhoma traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Halchidhoma people who formerly lived along the lower Colorado River in southeastern California and western Arizona.

The record of Halchidhoma oral literature is largely limited to the 11 narratives collected in 1929-1930 by anthropologist Leslie Spier from Kutox, a Halchidhoma man living among the Maricopa. Included are such characteristic southern California materials as that region's version of the creation myth and the Flute Lure story.

Halchidhoma
The Halchidhoma (Maricopa: Xalychidom Piipaa or Xalychidom Piipaash – 'people who live toward the water') are a Native American tribe now living mostly on the Salt River reservation, but formerly native to the area along the lower Colorado River in California and Arizona when first contacted by Europeans. In the early nineteenth century, under pressure from their hostile Mohave and Quechan neighbors, they moved to the middle Gila River, where some merged with the Maricopa, and others went on to Salt River and maintained an independent identity.

The Halchidhoma currently speak the Maricopa language.
Stamford House, Singapore
Stamford House is a historic building located at the corner of the junction of Stamford Road and Hill Street, in the Downtown Core of Singapore. Originally known as Oranje Building (sometimes spelled Oranjie), it formerly housed a shopping mall. The building had since redeveloped along with adjoined Capitol Building and both were reopened as a hotel The Capitol Kempinski Hotel Singapore in October 2018.

Stamford Road
Stamford Road (Chinese: 史丹福路; Malay: Jalan Stamford) is a one-way road in Singapore within the planning areas of Downtown Core and Museum. The road continues after the traffic light junction of Nicoll Highway, Esplanade Drive and Raffles Avenue towards Orchard Road. It then ends at the junction of Fort Canning Road, Bencoolen Street and Orchard Road, which it continues to be Orchard Road. Stamford Road is home to several landmarks, including Swissôtel The Stamford and the National Museum of Singapore.
Double-charm tetraquark
The double-charm tetraquark (T+cc, ccud) is a type of long-lived tetraquark that was discovered in 2021 in the LHCb experiment conducted at the Large Hadron Collider. It contains four quarks: two charm quarks, an anti-up and an anti-down quark.

It has a theoretical computed mass of 3868±124 MeV/c2. The discovery showed an exceptionally strong peak, with 20-sigma significance.

It is hypothesized that studying the behavior of the double-charm tetraquark may play a part in explaining the behavior of the strong force. Following the discovery of the T+cc, researchers now plan experiments to find its double-beauty counterpart Tbb. This tetraquark has been found to have a longer lifespan than most known exotic-matter particles.

Tetraquark
In particle physics, a tetraquark is an exotic meson composed of four valence quarks. A tetraquark state has long been suspected to be allowed by quantum chromodynamics, the modern theory of strong interactions.  A tetraquark state is an example of an exotic hadron that lies outside the conventional quark model classification. A number of different types of tetraquark have been observed.
Akohime
Akohime (阿古姫)  was a Japanese noble woman from the Chōsokabe clan during the Sengoku period to the early Edo period. She was the daughter of Chōsokabe Motochika, the daimyō of Tosa Province in Shikoku. She was the last notable survivor of the clan after the Siege of Osaka; being responsible for continuing the Chōsokabe's lineage in Sendai domain when she became retainer of Date Masamune.

Chōsokabe Motochika
Chōsokabe Motochika (長宗我部 元親; 1539 – July 11, 1599) was a daimyō in Japanese Sengoku-period. 
He was the 21st chief of the Chōsokabe clan of Tosa Province (present-day Kōchi Prefecture), the ruler of Shikoku region.
Gawo Dale
Gawo Dale was one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Mirab Welega Zone, Gawo Dale was bordered on the south by Hawa Welele, on the west by Jimma Gidami, on the northwest by Begi, on the north by Jarso, on the northeast by Ayra Guliso, on the east by Dale Lalo, and on the southeast by the Illubabor Zone. The administrative center of this woreda was Kake; other towns in Gawo Dale included Chanka. It was separated for Dale Wabera and Gawo Kebe woredas.

Dale Wabera
Dale Wabera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is part of the Kelem Welega Zone. The administrative center of this woreda is Kake. Dale Wabera was separated from former Gawo Dale woreda.
Schizopelma
Schizopelma is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1897. As of May 2020 it contains two species, found in Central America and Mexico: S. bicarinatum and S. juxtantricola.

Tarantula
Tarantulas are a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. More than a thousand species have been identified, within almost 200 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas".  Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.
Finasteride/latanoprost/minoxidil
Finasteride/latanoprost/minoxidil (developmental code name TH-07 or TH07) is a topical combination drug which is under development for the treatment of alopecia (hair loss). It is specifically a combination of finasteride (Propecia) (0.1%), a 5α-reductase inhibitor (5α-RI); latanoprost (Xalatan) (0.03%), a prostaglandin F2α analogue and prostaglandin F receptor agonist; and minoxidil (Rogaine) (5%), a KATP potassium channel opener. All three of these drugs have individually been shown to stimulate hair growth in the setting of alopecia, and both finasteride and minoxidil are approved and widely used for treatment of alopecia. Finasteride/latanoprost/minoxidil is under development by Triple Hair. As of December 2023, the drug is in phase 2 clinical trials.

Minoxidil
Minoxidil, sold under the brand names Loniten and Rogaine among others, is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure and pattern hair loss. It is an antihypertensive and a vasodilator. It is available as a generic medication by prescription in oral tablet form and over-the-counter as a topical liquid or foam.
Tipped tool
A tipped tool is any cutting tool in which the cutting edge consists of a separate piece of material that is brazed, welded, or clamped onto a body made of another material. In the types in which the cutter portion is an indexable part clamped by a screw, the cutters are called inserts (because they are inserted into the tool body). Tipped tools allow each part of the tool, the shank and the cutter(s), to be made of the material with the best properties for its job. Common materials for the cutters (brazed tips or clamped inserts) include cemented carbide, polycrystalline diamond, and cubic boron nitride. Tools that are commonly tipped include milling cutters (such as end mills, face mills, and fly cutters), tool bits, router bits, and saw blades (especially the metal-cutting ones).

End mill
An end mill is a type of milling cutter, a cutting tool used in industrial milling applications.  They can have several end configurations: round (ball), tapered, or straight are a few popular types. They are most commonly used in "milling machines" that move a piece of material against the end mill to remove chips of the material to create a desired size or shape. It is distinguished from the drill bit in its application, geometry, and manufacture. While a drill bit can only cut in the axial direction, most milling bits can cut in the radial direction. Not all mills can cut tangentially: those designed to do so are known as end mills.

End mills are used in milling applications such as profile milling, tracer milling, face milling, and plunging.
Shivini
Shivini (Urartian: 𒀭𒅆𒄿𒌑𒄿𒉌, romanized: dši-i-u2-i-ni), also known as Siuini, Artinis, Ardinis, was a solar god in the mythology of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu in the Armenian Highlands. He is the third god in a triad with Khaldi and Theispas. The Assyrian god Shamash is a counterpart to Shivini. He was depicted as a man on his knees, holding up a solar disc. His wife was most likely a goddess called Tushpuea who is listed as the third goddess on the Mheri-Dur inscription.

Armen Petrosyan and other scholars argue that his name derives from a Hittite source, and is, therefore, of the same Indo-European origin as the names of Ancient Greek Zeus and Roman Jupiter.

Theispas
Theispas (also known as Teisheba or Teišeba) of Kumenu was the Urartian weather-god, notably the god of storms and thunder. He was also sometimes the god of war. He is the son of Habli. He formed part of a triad along with Khaldi and Shivini. The ancient Urartian cities of Teyseba and Teishebaini were named after Theispas. He is a counterpart to the Assyrian god Adad, the Vedic God Indra, and the Hittite/Hurrian god, Teshub. He was often depicted as a man standing on a bull, holding a handful of thunderbolts. His wife was the goddess Huba, who was the counterpart of the Hurrian goddess Hebat.