hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turnpike trust
Turnpike trusts were bodies set up by individual acts of Parliament, with powers to collect road tolls for maintaining the principal roads in Britain from the 17th but especially during the 18th and 19th centuries. At the peak, in the 1830s, over 1,000 trusts  administered around 30,000 miles (48,000 km) of turnpike road in England and Wales, taking tolls at almost 8,000 toll-gates and side-bars.

During the early 19th century the concept of the turnpike trust was adopted and adapted to manage roads within the British Empire (Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa) and in the United States.

Turnpikes declined with the coming of the railways and then the Local Government Act 1888 gave responsibility for maintaining main roads to county councils and county borough councils.

A5 road (Great Britain)
The A5 is a major road in England and Wales. It runs for about 243 miles (391 km) from London to the Irish Sea at the ferry port of Holyhead. In many parts the route follows that of the Roman Iter II route which later took the Anglo-Saxon name Watling Street. It forms most of the London–Holyhead trunk road.
Newton High School (Kansas)
Newton High School is a public high school in Newton, Kansas, United States operated by Newton USD 373 school district, and serves students of grades 9 to 12.  It is located on a 90-acre (360,000 m2) campus with a Cedar-tree surrounded parking lot.

Newton, Kansas
Newton is a city in and the county seat of Harvey County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 18,602.  Newton is located 25 miles (40 km) north of Wichita.  The city of North Newton. located immediately north, exists as a separate political entity.  Newton is located at the intersection of Interstate 135, U.S. Route 50, and U.S. Route 81 highways.
Necrophagia
Necrophagia (/nɛkroʊˈfeɪʒə/ nek-roh-FAY-zhə) was an American death metal band formed in Wellsville, Ohio in 1983. The band is credited as one of the inaugural groups within the death metal genre, along with Possessed and Death.

Phil Anselmo
Philip Hansen Anselmo (born June 30, 1968) is an American musician best known as the lead singer for groove metal band Pantera, southern metal supergroup Down, and hardcore band Superjoint, amongst other musical projects. He is the owner of Housecore Records.

Anselmo is regarded as one of the most iconic frontmen in metal history, known for being particularly animated and donning a machismo attitude that became emblematic of the general theme of Pantera. Earlier in his career with the band, Anselmo took considerable inspiration from traditional heavy metal vocalists such as Rob Halford, singing in full head voice. However, he later became recognized for a more abrasive style of vocals, and formed a number of extreme metal projects such as Scour.
Black-browed triller
The black-browed triller (Lalage atrovirens) is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is found in northern New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests. The Biak triller (L. leucoptera) was formerly considered a subspecies. It is very vocal, and often travels in flocks with other species. Like many bird species of New Guinea, very little is known about it.

Biak triller
The Biak triller (Lalage leucoptera) is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is found on Biak. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the black-browed triller (Lalage atrovirens), but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.
Yisroel Avrohom Portugal
Rabbi Yisroel Avrohom Portugal (or Israel Abraham Portugal) (June 2, 1923 –  April 1, 2019) son of Rabbi Eliezer Zusia, was the Rebbe (Grand Rabbi) of Skulen in Brooklyn, New York. He was the last Holocaust era Rebbe to lead a Hasidic dynasty.

Eliezer Zusia Portugal
Eliezer Zusia Portugal (17 October 1898–18 August 1982) was the first Rebbe of Skulen. He was revered by his followers in Russia, Romania, Israel,  and the United States for his personal warmth and his care for hundreds of Jewish youth and war orphans, whom he personally adopted as his own children. He established the Skulener dynasty in America in the 1960s. His only biological son, Rabbi Yisroel Avrohom Portugal, succeeded him as Rebbe.
Tanjidor
Tanjidor is a traditional Betawi musical ensemble developed in Jakarta, Indonesia. This musical ensemble took the form of a modest orchestra and was developed in the 19th century, pioneered by Augustijn Michiels better known as Mayor Jantje, in the Citeureup area (or Citrap) on the outskirts of Batavia.

The instruments used are almost the same as a military band, a military-styled marching band, and/or corps of drums/drum and bugle corps, usually consisting of select wind and percussion instruments. Other than Jakarta, tanjidor musical ensemble is also can be found in Pontianak, West Kalimantan.

Corps of drums
A corps of drums, sometimes known as a fife and drum corps or simply field music, is a traditional European military music formation. Historically, a Corps of Drums' primary role was communication. Today, the primary role of a Corps of Drums is ceremonial, performing in parades and military ceremonies. Besides drums, this formation may contain a variety of instruments, including trumpets, bugles, and fifes.
Puerto Rico Highway 60
Puerto Rico Highway 60 (PR-60) or Avenida Dionisio Casillas is a 3.55-kilometre-long (2.21 mi) freeway entirely located in Humacao, Puerto Rico. This highway extends from Puerto Rico Highway 30 to Puerto Rico Highway 3 as a bypass located north of downtown Humacao.

Puerto Rico Highway 30
Puerto Rico Highway 30 (PR-30), known as Expreso Cruz Ortiz Stella, is a main freeway in eastern Puerto Rico which connects the city of Caguas to the municipality of Humacao. With a length of 30.1 km (18.7 mi), it extends from PR-1 interchange in Bairoa barrio to PR-53 junction in Buena Vista barrio.
Shivalik-class frigate
The Shivalik class or Project 17 class is a class of multi-role frigates in service with the Indian Navy. They are the first warships designed with low observability features built in India. They were designed to have better stealth features and land-attack capabilities than the preceding Talwar-class frigates. A total of three ships were built between 2000 and 2010, and all three were in commission by 2012.

The Shivalik class, along with the seven Project 17A frigates currently being developed from them, are projected be the principal frigates of the Indian Navy in the first half of the 21st century. The class and the lead vessel have been named for the Shivalik hills. Subsequent vessels in the class are also named for hill ranges in India.

Talwar-class frigate
The Talwar-class (lit. 'Sword') frigates or Project 11356 are a class of stealth guided missile frigates designed and built by Russia for the Indian Navy. The Talwar-class guided missile frigates are the improved versions of the Krivak III-class (Project 1135) frigates used by the Russian Coast Guard. The design has been further developed as the Admiral Grigorovich-class frigate for the Russian Navy.

Designed by Severnoye Design Bureau, the first batch of ships were built by Baltic Shipyard and the second and third batch by Yantar Shipyard. Preceded by the Brahmaputra-class frigates, the Talwar-class frigates are said to have semi-stealth features and better armament. The Indian Navy currently operates eight of these ships and two more are under construction at the Goa Shipyard in India.
Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto
Kibitsu-hiko-no-mikoto (吉備津彦命), also known as Hiko Isuseri-hiko no mikoto, was a legendary Japanese prince.

According to the Nihon Shoki, he was the son of Emperor Kōrei. Legend says this prince slayed an ogre called Ura, which may be the demonization of the Kingdom of Kibi, destroyed during the reign of Kōrei-Tennō.

His kami is enshrined at Shinto shrines in Okayama Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture.

Kibitsu Shrine (Bingo)
Kibitsu Shrine (吉備津神社) is a Shinto shrine in the Shin'ichi-chō neighborhood of the city of Fukuyama in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is the ichinomiya of former Bingo Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on November 23.
Capricorn silvereye
The Capricorn silvereye (Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus), also known as the Capricorn white-eye or green-headed white-eye, is a small greenish bird in the Zosteropidae or white-eye family.  It is a subspecies of the silvereye that occurs on islands off the coast of Queensland in north-eastern Australia, and which is sometimes considered to be a full species.

Silvereye
The silvereye or wax-eye (Zosterops lateralis), also known by its Māori name tauhou,  is a very small omnivorous passerine bird of the south-west Pacific. In Australia and New Zealand its common name is sometimes white-eye, but this name is more commonly used to refer to all members of the genus Zosterops, or the entire family Zosteropidae.

In New Zealand, the silvereye was first recorded in 1832. It arrived in greater numbers in 1856, and it is assumed that a migrating flock was swept eastwards by a storm. As an apparently self-introduced bird it is protected as a native New Zealand species. Its Māori name, tauhou, means "stranger" or more literally, "new arrival".
Crimean Federal District
The Crimean Federal District (Russian: Кры́мский федера́льный о́круг, romanized: Krymskiy federal'nyy okrug) was a federal district of Russia. It was established on March 21, 2014 after the Russian annexation of Crimea. The federal district included both the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol, both recognized as part of Ukraine by most of the international community. Ukraine considers the area, along with some other areas, as temporarily occupied territories.

Oleg Belaventsev was appointed the presidential envoy, and the administrative centre of the federal district was Simferopol.

On 28 July 2016, the Crimean Federal District, which during its existence was by far the smallest of Russia's federal districts, was abolished and merged into the Southern Federal District, in order to "increase the efficiency of the federal state bodies' work".

Southern Federal District
The Southern Federal District (Russian: Южный федеральный округ, IPA: [ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its territory lies mostly on the Pontic–Caspian steppe of Southern Russia. The Southern Federal District shares borders with Ukraine, the Azov Sea, and the Black Sea in the west, and Kazakhstan and the Caspian Sea  in the east.
St. Luke's Episcopal Church (Eden, North Carolina)
St. Luke's Episcopal Church, also known as The Rock Church, is a historic Episcopal church located at 604 Morgan Road in Eden, Rockingham County, North Carolina.  It was built in 1926, and is a one-story Mission Gothic style solid masonry church. It has a gabled roof that is intersected by gabled transepts and a pointed arch tracery stained glass window. A stained-glass window at St. Luke's was given by Lily Morehead Mebane in memory of her mother, Mary Lily Connally Morehead. It features a three-stage crenellated corner tower.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Eden, North Carolina
Eden is a city in Rockingham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina and is part of the Greensboro-High Point Metropolitan Statistical Area of the Piedmont Triad region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,405. From the late nineteenth century through much of the 20th, the city was a center of textile mills and manufacturing. The city was incorporated in 1967 through the consolidation of three towns: Leaksville, Spray, and Draper.
1981 Dyfed County Council election
The third election to Dyfed County Council was held in May 1981. It was preceded by the 1977 election and followed by the 1985 election.  There were a number of unopposed returns, particularly in rural parts of the county.

1985 Dyfed County Council election
The fourth election to Dyfed County Council was held in May 1985. It was preceded by the 1981 election and followed by the 1989 election. Once again, there were a number of unopposed returns, particularly in rural parts of the county.
Kamikaze-class destroyer (1922)
The Kamikaze-class destroyers (神風型駆逐艦, Kamikazegata kuchikukan) were a class of nine destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy.  Some authors consider the Nokaze, Kamikaze and Mutsuki classes to be extensions of the Minekaze-class destroyers, and the Kamikaze class is sometimes referred to as the "Kiyokaze class" to distinguish it from the earlier World War I-era destroyer class of the same name. Obsolete by the beginning of the Pacific War, the Kamikazes were relegated to mostly secondary roles. Most ultimately were lost to U.S. submarines.

Kamikaze-class destroyer (1905)
The Kamikaze-class destroyers (神風型駆逐艦, Kamikaze-gata kuchikukan; "divine wind") were a class of thirty-two torpedo boat destroyers (TBDs) of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The Kamikaze class of destroyers were the first destroyers to be mass-produced in Japan. The class is also sometimes referred to as the Asakaze class. This class of destroyer should not be confused with the later Kamikaze-class destroyers built in 1922, which participated in the Pacific War.
Albert III, Duke of Austria
Albert III of Austria (9 September 1349 – 29 August 1395), known as Albert with the Braid (Pigtail) (German: Albrecht mit dem Zopf), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1365 until his death.

Inner Austria
Inner Austria (German: Innerösterreich; Slovene: Notranja Avstrija; Italian: Austria Interiore) was a term used from the late 14th to the early 17th century for the Habsburg hereditary lands south of the Semmering Pass, referring to the Imperial duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola and the lands of the Austrian Littoral. The residence of the Inner Austrian archdukes and stadtholders was at the Burg castle complex in Graz.
Hunanese people
The Hunanese people (Chinese: 湖南人; pinyin: Húnán rén; Xiang Chinese pronunciation: [/ɸu¹³ l̃an¹³ ʐən¹³/]), also known as Xiang people or Xiang-speaking Chinese, are a Han Chinese ethnic subgroup originating from Hunan province in China who speak Xiang Chinese. Some Xiang-speaking people are also found in the adjacent provinces of certain areas of Guilin, Guangxi and Guizhou.

Han Chinese subgroups
The Han Chinese people can be defined into subgroups based on linguistic, cultural, ethnic, genetic, and regional features. The groups are termed minxi (Chinese: 民系; pinyin: mínxì; Wade–Giles: min2 hsi4; lit. 'ethnic lineages', pronounced [mǐnɕî]) in mainland China and zuqun (Chinese: 族群; pinyin: zúqún; Wade–Giles: tzu2 ch'ün; lit. 'ethnic groups', pronounced [tsǔtɕʰy̌n]) in Taiwan. While the Chinese government recognizes 56 official ethnic groups, it does not recognize Han subgroups. Taiwan recognizes three subgroups: the Hakka, Hoklo, and Waishengren.
Sir Eustace Tennyson-d'Eyncourt, 1st Baronet
Sir Eustace Henry William Tennyson d'Eyncourt, 1st Baronet (1 April 1868 – 1 February 1951), was a British naval architect and engineer. As Director of Naval Construction for the Royal Navy, 1912–1924, he was responsible for the design and construction of some of the most famous British warships. He was also chairman of the Landship Committee at the Admiralty, which was responsible for the design and production of the first military tanks to be used in warfare.

Director of Naval Construction
The Director of Naval Construction (DNC)  also known as the Department of the Director of Naval Construction and Directorate of Naval Construction and originally known as the Chief Constructor of the Navy was a senior principal civil officer responsible to the Board of Admiralty for the design and construction of the warships of the Royal Navy. From 1883 onwards he was also head of the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors, the naval architects who staffed his department from 1860 to 1966. The (D.N.C.'s) modern equivalent is Director Ships in the Defence Equipment and Support organisation of the Ministry of Defence.
Variety (magazine)
Variety is an American trade magazine owned by Penske Media Corporation. It was founded by Sime Silverman in New York City in 1905 as a weekly newspaper reporting on theater and vaudeville. In 1933, Daily Variety was launched, based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry. Variety's website features entertainment news, reviews, box office results, plus a credits database, production charts and film calendar.

RELX
RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British multinational information and analytics company headquartered in London, England. Its businesses provide scientific, technical and medical information and analytics; legal information and analytics; decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations. It was previously known as Reed Elsevier, and came into being in 1993 as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.

The company is publicly listed, with shares traded on the London Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX). The company is one of the constituents of the FTSE 100 Index, AEX Index, Financial Times Global 500 and Euronext 100 Index.
Dogs Leg Fjord
Dogs Leg Fjord is an inlet 6 nautical miles (11 km) long in an east-west direction and 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) wide, lying south of German Peninsula, directly east of Ridge Island and opening on Bourgeois Fjord, along the Fallières Coast on the west side of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill, and so named because of its shape.

German Peninsula
German Peninsula () is the mountainous peninsula projecting from the north end of Fallières Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica 11.4 km in west direction between Bourgeois Fjord to the north and west, and Dogs Leg Fjord to the south.  It is extending 15.9 km between Thomson Head to the north and Bottrill Head to the southwest, with its interior occupied by Rudozem Heights.

The peninsula is named after the settlement of German in Western Bulgaria, now part of the city of Sofia.
Duchy of Oświęcim
The Duchy of Oświęcim (Polish: Księstwo Oświęcimskie), or the Duchy of Auschwitz (German: Herzogtum Auschwitz), was one of the Duchies of Silesia in the lands of Lesser Poland (Małopolska), formed in the aftermath of the fragmentation of Poland, centered around Oświęcim.

It was established about 1315 on the Lesser Polish lands east of the Biała river held by the Silesian branch of the Polish royal Piast dynasty. Briefly semi-autonomous, with its capital in Oświęcim, it was finally sold to the Kingdom of Poland in 1457. Thanks to the annexation to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, the areas of the Duchy of Oświęcim were reunited with the Kraków Land of Lesser Poland. Annexed by the Habsburg Empire in 1772 as a part of Galicia, the remaining ducal title ceased to exist in 1918 with the lands being reincorporated into the Second Polish Republic as a part of Kraków Voivodeship.

Duchies of Silesia
The Duchies of Silesia were the more than twenty divisions of the region of Silesia formed between the 12th and 14th centuries by the breakup of the Duchy of Silesia, then part of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1335, the duchies were ceded to the Kingdom of Bohemia under the Treaty of Trentschin. Thereafter until 1742, Silesia was one of the Bohemian crown lands and lay within the Holy Roman Empire. Most of Silesia was annexed by the King of Prussia under the Treaty of Berlin in 1742. Only the Duchy of Teschen, the Duchy of Troppau and the Duchy of Nysa remained under the control of the Bohemian crown and as such were known as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia until 1918.
Ponte Sublicio
Ponte Sublicio, also known as Ponte Aventino or Ponte Marmoreo, is a bridge linking Piazza dell'Emporio to Piazza di Porta Portese in Rome (Italy), in the Rioni Ripa, Trastevere and Testaccio and in the Quartiere Portuense.

The most ancient bridge in Rome crossed river Tiber just downstream of the Tiber Island, in correspondence with the former ford that, during the protohistoric age, was a required stop along the north-south way, at the feet of the Aventine Hill. Its building has been ascribed to King Ancus Marcius (642 - 617 BC) by Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus.

Ripa (rione of Rome)
Ripa is the 12th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. XII, and it is located in the Municipio I.

The coat of arms of the rione depicts a white rudder on a red background, to remind the port of Ripa Grande, that was placed in Trastevere, but faced the rione.
Pamparato
Pamparato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Cuneo.

Pamparato borders the following municipalities: Garessio, Monasterolo Casotto, Roburent, Torre Mondovì, and Viola.

Roburent
Roburent (Italian pronunciation: [robuˈrɛnt]) is a comune (commune or municipality) of the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont. It is located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Cuneo. As of 1 January 2009 its population was 552. The comune extends over a largely wooded area of 29.9 km2 (11.5 sq mi) ranging in elevation from 580 to 1,819 metres (1,903 to 5,968 ft) above sea level and straddling the Corsaglia and Casotto valleys. It borders the  municipalities of Frabosa Soprana, Garessio, Montaldo di Mondovì, Ormea, Pamparato, and Torre Mondovì.
Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford
Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford (c. 1368 – 4 July 1392) was the second son—but the senior surviving heir—of Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford and Philippa de Beauchamp, daughter of Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick. His elder brother, his father's heir, Sir Ralph Stafford, was murdered by Richard II's half-brother, the earl of Huntingdon whilst they were campaigning in Scotland in July 1385. As a result, Thomas became heir to the earldom of Stafford, and in 1390 he was knighted. He gained livery of his estates in 1391 and paid homage to the king for them on 20 October that year. He spent his short career campaigning in France alongside the duke of Gloucester.

Thomas Stafford married Anne, daughter of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester around 1390. He died on 4 July 1392 in Westminster, and was interred in Stone, with his father; his widow, Anne, with whom he had had no children, married his youngest brother Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford.

Ralph Stafford (died 1385)
Sir Ralph Stafford (c. 1367 – July 1385) was a knight of the royal household of King Richard II of England. He was murdered in 1385 by the king's half-brother, John Holland. One modern historian has suggested that Ralph was the closest friend the young King Richard II had at court; they were the same age and Ralph appears to have been "a bright and promising" courtier.