hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
EJ Laure
Ennajie Cruz "EJ" Laure-Cariño (born July 31, 1997) is a Filipino volleyball player who plays as an outside hitter for Nxled Chameleons. She is a member and a former team captain of the UST Golden Tigresses volleyball team, and a former Philippine national team member.

UAAP Season 75 volleyball tournaments
The seniors' division of the UAAP Season 75 volleyball tournaments opened December 1, 2012. Tournaments are hosted by National University. Tournament games are held at the Filoil Flying V Arena in San Juan, the Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay and the Smart Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City.
BGM-109G Gryphon
The BGM-109G Gryphon ground-launched cruise missile, or GLCM, was a ground-launched variant of the Tomahawk cruise missile developed by the United States Air Force in the last decade of the Cold War and disarmed under the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.

RSD-10 Pioneer
The RSD-10 Pioneer (Russian: ракета средней дальности (РСД) «Пионер» tr.: raketa sredney dalnosti (RSD) "Pioner"; English: Medium-Range Missile "Pioneer") was an intermediate-range ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead, deployed by the Soviet Union from 1976 to 1988. It carried GRAU designation 15Ж45 (15Zh45). Its NATO reporting name was SS-20 Saber.

Its deployment was a major cause of NATO's 'Double-Track Decision', which led to the deployment of more medium-range nuclear weapons in Western Europe.  The RSD-10 was withdrawn from service under the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
Dharampuri Assembly constituency
Dharampuri is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.

It is part of Dhar district and is reserved for members of the Scheduled Tribes.

Dhar district, India
Dhar district (Hindi pronunciation: [d̪ʱaːɾ]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The historic town of Dhar is administrative headquarters of the district.

The district has a land area of 8,153 square kilometres (3,148 sq mi). It is bounded by the districts of Ratlam to the north, Ujjain to the northeast, Indore to the east, Khargone (West Nimar) to the southeast, Barwani to the south, Jhabua and Alirajpur to the west. It is part of the Indore Division of Madhya Pradesh. The population of the district is 2,185,793 (2011 census), an increase of 25.60% from its 2001 population of 1,740,329. Pithampur is a large industrial area comes under Dhar District. Kukshi is the largest tehsil of the district.
Jason Read
Jason Read rowed in the bow seat in the 2004 Summer Olympics Gold medal-winning U.S. Men's Rowing Team Eight that set an Olympic record (5:19.85) in the heat on August 15, 2004.

He attended the Hun School of Princeton, where he took up rowing, continuing the sport at Temple University. As a volunteer with the Amwell Valley – Ringoes Rescue Squad in Ringoes, he was among those who responded to the September 11 attacks in 2001.

Read was a member of the U.S. rowing team for the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Hun School of Princeton
The Hun School of Princeton is a private, coeducational, secondary day and boarding school located in Princeton in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The school serves students from sixth through twelfth grades. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1963 and is accredited until January 2025. The acceptance rate for the school has been reported as 35%. It is also a member of the New Jersey Association of Independent Schools.

Since July 2023, the head of school has been Bart Bronk, the 11th in school history, succeeding Jon Brougham, who had served for 14 years in the position.
Vadakkumkur
Vadakkumkur was a late medieval/early modern feudal principality located in the Indian state of Kerala. Along with Thekkumkur, it succeeded from the early medieval political region of Vempolinad by around 1200 AD. After their separation, Thekkumkur became an independent kingdom, while Vadakkumkur became a vassal of Cochin. During the time of Portuguese dominance in Cochin, disputes arose between the Vadakkumkur chieftain and the Kingdom of Cochin over the pepper trade and the Vadakkumkur Rajah was killed in battle with Cochin and their Portuguese allies. Vadakkumkur and Thekkumkur were later annexed by Marthanda Varma and incorporated into the Kingdom of Travancore.

Thekkumkur
The Kingdom of Thekkumkur (Malayalam: തെക്കുംകൂർ രാജ്യം) (also transliterated as Thekkumkoor or Thekkumcore) was an independent kingdom in the southern part of Kerala in India from 1103 CE until 1750 CE. It was ruled by the Thekkumkur Royal Family (Edathil Family). Thekkumkur lies between the Meenachil River and the Pamba River, from the Western Ghats to the Vembanad Kayal. Thekkumkur emerged as a result of administrative changes in the princely states at the end of the Chera Kulasekhara dynasty of Mahodayapuram.  The literal meaning of the title is the southern regent and the attribute southern distinguished them from another kingdom known as Vadakkumkur (northern regent) which bordered it in the northern side. The royal household, Thekkumkur Kovilakam, were at  Vennimala and Manikandapuram near Puthuppally, later it shifted to Neerazhi Palace at Puzhavathu of Changanassery and Thalilkotta at Thaliyanthanapuram (Kottayam).
Xu Jiaqi
Xu Jiaqi (Chinese: 许佳琪; born August 27, 1995) is a Chinese singer, rapper, dancer, songwriter, and actress. She was a member of Team SII of the female idol group SNH48 as well as its sub-units Style-7 and 7Senses, and she was also a member of the temporary girl group, The9. In 2020, she participated in Youth with You 2 and got 3rd place, securing her place in The9. She is also known for her role in the television series Legend of Yunxi (2018) as well as her leading role in The Blooms at Ruyi Pavilion (2020) as Fu Xuan.

SNH48
SNH48 is a Chinese idol girl group based in Shanghai, China. Following AKB48's creator Yasushi Akimoto's concept of "idols you can meet", the group features over 200 female members around the age of 20 (13 to 30) across SNH48 and all its sister groups including GNZ48, BEJ48, CKG48, CGT48 and IDOLS Ft, who perform regularly in the group's own theater and interact with fans predominantly via the official Pocket48/口袋48 App online and offline via theater and handshake events. The group is owned by Chinese companies NineStyle and Star48, commonly known as SIBA. Established in 2012, it parted ways with AKB48's groups in June 2016.
Santa Marta Formation
The Santa Marta Formation is a geologic formation in Antarctica. It, along with the Hanson Formation and the Snow Hill Island Formation, are the only formations yet known on the continent where dinosaur fossils have been found. The formation outcrops on James Ross Island off the coast of the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula.  In its entirety, the Santa Marta Formation is on average one kilometer thick.

James Ross Island
James Ross Island is a large island off the southeast side and near the northeastern extremity of the Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by Prince Gustav Channel. 
Rising to 1,630 metres (5,350 ft), it is irregularly shaped and extends 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) in a north–south direction.
Diocese of St. Augustine
The Diocese of St. Augustine (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Augustini) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory of the Catholic Church, located in the northeastern section of Florida in the United States. It includes the cities of St. Augustine, Jacksonville, and Gainesville.

The Diocese of St. Augustine is a suffragan diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Miami, covering much of North Florida. The bishop's seat is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Augustine. As of 2023, the current bishop is Erik T. Pohlmeier.

On March 11, 1870, the Vatican erected the Diocese of St. Augustine. It covered most of the Florida peninsula until the 1950s, when Florida's expanding population necessitated the creation of new dioceses (until 1958 it was the only Catholic See in Florida).

Paul Francis Tanner
Paul Francis Tanner (January 15, 1905 – July 29, 1994) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the seventh bishop of the Diocese of St. Augustine in Florida from 1968 to 1979.
Ebenat (woreda)
Ebenat (Amharic: እብናት) also spelled Ibnat is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former district that lay roughly in the same area; the woreda itself dates from

the mid-1960s. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Ebenat is bordered on the south by Farta, on the southwest by Fogera, on the west by Libo Kemekem, on the north by the Semien Gondar Zone, on the northeast by the Wag Hemra Zone, on the east by Semine (North) Wollo Zone, and on the southeast by Lay Gayint. The administrative center of Ebenat is Ebenat.

Lay Gayint
Lay Gayint (Amharic: ላይ ጋይንት, lit. 'Upper Gayint') is a woreda in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Lay Gayint is bordered on the south by Tach Gayint and Simada, on the southwest by Misraq Este, on the west by Farta, on the north by Ebenat, and on the east by the Semien Wollo Zone. The administrative center is Nefas Mewcha; other towns in Lay Guyint include Gobgob and Sali.

The altitude of this woreda varies from 1,500 to 3,100 metres (4,900 to 10,200 ft) above sea level. The annual rainfall is erratically distributed and varies from 400 to 1,100 millimetres (16 to 43 in). A notable landmark in Lay Guyint is the church of the village of Betlehem, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) southeast of Debre Tabor; inside an ordinary round church structure is an ancient church with a trussed roof of identical construction as the church of Debre Damo. The writer Thomas Pakenham was the first non-Ethiopian to visit this church in 1955.
September 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Sep. 2 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - Sep. 4

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on September 16 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For September 3rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 21.

September 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
September 3 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - September 5

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on September 17 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For September 4th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 22.
Wentai Pagoda
The Wentai Pagoda (traditional Chinese: 文臺寶塔; simplified Chinese: 文台宝塔; pinyin: Wéntái Bǎotǎ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bûn-tâi Pó-thah) is a pagoda in Gucheng Village, Jincheng Township, Kinmen County, Taiwan. The pagoda is a tower of feng shui erected for worshiping star and its incarnation.

Jincheng, Kinmen
Jincheng Township (Chinese: 金城鎮) is an urban township on the southwestern corner of the island of Kinmen (Quemoy). It is the county seat of Kinmen County, Fuchien Province, (Taiwan). Jincheng was the seat of the ROC's Fukien Province from 1949–1956 and 1996–2018. In March 2012, it was named one of the Top 10 Small Tourist Towns by the Tourism Bureau.
Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine; Cyrillic: Армија Републике Босне и Херцеговине; ARBiH), often referred to as Bosnian Army, was the military force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was established by the government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992 following the outbreak of the Bosnian War.

Following the end of the war, and the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995, it was transformed into the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ARBiH was the only military force on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina recognised as legal by other governments. Under the State Defense Reform Law the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina were unified into a single structure, the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (OSBiH), making entity armies defunct.

Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Oružane snage Bosne i Hercegovine, Оружане снаге Босне и Херцеговине; abbreviated as OSBiH, ОСБиХ) is the official military force of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The BiH armed forces were officially unified in 2005 and are composed of two founding armies: the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (VFBiH) and the Bosnian Serbs' Army of Republika Srpska (VRS).

The Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, founded in 2004, is in charge of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Breda Ba.64
The Breda Ba.64 was an Italian single-engine ground-attack aircraft used by the Regia Aeronautica during the 1930s.

Designed by Antonio Parano and Giuseppe Panzeri, it saw limited service in two units from 1936, together with the contemporary Caproni A.P.1. It was retired from active service in 1939, replaced by the more powerful derivative, the Ba.65.

Alfa Romeo 125
Alfa Romeo built/designed a range of aircraft engines based on the Bristol Jupiter and Bristol Pegasus designs, designated Alfa 125, Alfa 126, Alfa 127, Alfa 128, Alfa 129  and  Alfa 131. All these essentially similar engines were mainly fitted to Italian bombers in World War II, Alfa Romeo building around 11,000 units between 1934 and 1944
Gustav Noske
Gustav Noske (9 July 1868 – 30 November 1946) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as the first Minister of Defence (Reichswehrminister) of the Weimar Republic between 1919 and 1920. Noske was known for using army and paramilitary forces to suppress the socialist/communist uprisings of 1919.

Ministry of the Reichswehr
The Ministry of the Reichswehr (German: Reichswehrministerium) was the defence ministry of Germany from 1919 to 1938 during the Weimar Republic and early Nazi Germany periods. It was responsible for the Reichswehr under the leadership of the Minister of Defence and based in the Bendlerblock building in Berlin.

The Ministry of the Reichswehr was formed from the Prussian Ministry of War in the aftermath of World War I as part of a centralisation of the armed forces to Berlin from the states of Germany. Its longest serving Weimar-era Defence Ministers were the civilian Otto Gessler (almost 8 years) and General Wilhelm Groener (4 years). It was renamed the Reich Ministry of War in 1935 under the Nazis and led by General Werner von Blomberg as the Minister of War. It was abolished in 1938 and replaced with the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Armed Forces High Command) under the direct command of Adolf Hitler.
Parliament Square, Edinburgh
Parliament Square, Edinburgh, Scotland, is located off the High Street, part of the Royal Mile. The square is not a formal square, but consists of two sections surrounding St Giles Kirk on three sides: an L-shaped area to the east and south and another area on the west side of the church called West Parliament Square. The Edinburgh Mercat Cross is located on the east side of the square while an equestrian statue of Charles II of Scotland stands in front of the entrance to the Supreme Courts of Scotland adjoining Parliament House, on the west side. The Queensberry Memorial to the 5th Duke of Buccleuch, stands in West Parliament Square.

The square also includes a statue of James Braidwood, erected in 2008, who founded what is asserted to be the world's first municipal fire service, in Edinburgh, after the Great Fire of Edinburgh in 1824.

Royal Mile
55°57′02″N 3°11′08″W﻿ / ﻿55.95056°N 3.18556°W﻿ / 55.95056; -3.18556

The Royal Mile (Scottish Gaelic: Am Mìle Rìoghail) is a series of streets forming the main thoroughfare of the Old Town of Edinburgh, Scotland. The term originated in the early 20th century and has since entered popular usage.

The Royal Mile runs between Edinburgh Castle and Holyrood Palace, two significant locations in the royal history of Scotland, and is almost exactly one mile long. From west to east, and running downhill, it comprises the Castle Esplanade, Castlehill, the Lawnmarket, the High Street, the Canongate and Abbey Strand. It is the busiest tourist street in the Old Town.

The Royal Mile contains shops, restaurants, public houses, and visitor attractions. During the annual Edinburgh Fringe, the High Street becomes crowded with tourists, entertainers, and buskers. Parliament Square is at the heart of Scotland's legal system, being the home of both the High Court of Justiciary and the Court of Session.
Manitoba Highway 34
Provincial Trunk Highway 34 (PTH 34) is a provincial primary highway located in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from the U.S. border (where it meets with ND 20) to PTH 16 (Yellowhead Highway) at the town of Gladstone.

PTH 34 is two lanes and runs north-south in the south-central region of the province. It is the main highway for the towns of Crystal City, Pilot Mound, and Holland. While the village of Austin is actually located 1 km east of the highway along PTH 1, the highway itself provides access to Austin's Agricultural Museum, which hosts the annual Thresherman's Reunion and Stampede each July.

The speed limit is 90 km/h (55 mph).

Manitoba Highway 2
Provincial Trunk Highway 2 (PTH 2) is a 315-kilometre (196-mile) highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from Highway 13 at the Manitoba-Saskatchewan border to Winnipeg's Perimeter Highway near Oak Bluff.

PTH 2 is the Manitoba portion of the Red Coat Trail.
Quantization (signal processing)
In mathematics and digital signal processing, quantization is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set, often with a finite number of elements.  Rounding and truncation are typical examples of quantization processes.  Quantization is involved to some degree in nearly all digital signal processing, as the process of representing a signal in digital form ordinarily involves rounding.  Quantization also forms the core of essentially all lossy compression algorithms.

The difference between an input value and its quantized value (such as round-off error) is referred to as quantization error, noise or distortion.  A device or algorithmic function that performs quantization is called a quantizer.  An analog-to-digital converter is an example of a quantizer.

Floor and ceiling functions
In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x).  Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil(x).

For example, for floor: ⌊2.4⌋ = 2, ⌊−2.4⌋ = −3, and for ceiling: ⌈2.4⌉ = 3, and ⌈−2.4⌉ = −2.

The floor of x is also called the integral part, integer part, greatest integer, or entier of x, and was historically denoted [x] (among other notations). However, the same term, integer part, is also used for truncation towards zero, which differs from the floor function for negative numbers.

For an integer n, ⌊n⌋ = ⌈n⌉ = n.

Although floor(x + 1)  and ceil(x) produce graphs that appear exactly alike, they are not the same when the value of x is an exact integer. For example, when x = 2.0001, ⌊2.0001 + 1⌋ = ⌈2.0001⌉ = 3. However, if x = 2, then ⌊2 + 1⌋ = 3, while  ⌈2⌉ = 2.
Nogo, Arkansas
Nogo is a small unincorporated community in Smyrna Township, Pope County, Arkansas, United States. It is part of the Russellville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Nogo is situated in the Boston Mountains, 11 miles northwest of Kincannon Mountain and 28 miles northeast of Russellville on Arkansas Highway 27 at 35°38′27″N 92°52′46″W﻿ / ﻿35.64083°N 92.87944°W﻿ / 35.64083; -92.87944, within the Ozark National Forest.

The elevation is 1,720 feet above sea level.

Russellville micropolitan area, Arkansas
The Russellville Micropolitan  Statistical Area (μSA), as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas, anchored by the city of Russellville.

As of the 2010 census, the μSA had a population of 83,939.
Jever
Jever (German pronunciation: [ˈjeːfɐ] ⓘ) is the capital of the district of Friesland in Lower Saxony, Germany. The name Jever is usually associated with a major brand of beer, Jever Pilsener, which is produced there. The city is also a popular holiday resort. Jever was granted city status in 1536. Unofficially Jever is sometimes referred to as Marienstadt (Maria city) in reference to Maria of Jever, the last independent ruler of the city.  The inhabitants of Jever are named Jeveraner ("Jeverans").

Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (8 August 1734 in Alt Stettin – 3 March 1793 in Luxembourg), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the last ruler of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst before the family line went extinct.
Taveuni F.C.
Taveuni F.C. is a Fijian football team playing in the second division of the Fiji Football Association competitions. It is based on the island of  Taveuni.

Their uniform includes gold and black shirt.

Taveuni
Taveuni (pronounced [tāhvéuni]) is the third-largest island in Fiji, after Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, with a total land area of 434 square kilometres (168 square miles). The cigar-shaped island, a massive shield volcano which rises from the floor of the Pacific Ocean, is situated 6.5 kilometres (4.0 miles) east of Vanua Levu, across the Somosomo Strait. It belongs to the Vanua Levu Group of islands and is part of Fiji's Cakaudrove Province within the Northern Division.

The island's population is estimated to be between 12,000 and 20,000, with the official estimate being 13,774 in the 2017 Fijian census. Over 80% of the island's population are indigenous Fijians.
New Brunswick Route 585
Route 585 is a 33-kilometre (21 mi) long east–west secondary highway in the eastern portion of New Brunswick, Canada.

The route starts at Route 103 in Woodstock. The road travels southeast crossing the Grafton Bridge over the Saint John River before crossing Route 105 in Grafton. Continuing, the road passes the Woodstock Airport before continuing east through a mostly forested area to Newbridge and East Newbridge. In Harten Corner, Route 585 intersects with the northern terminus of Route 595. The road continues through Clarkville and crosses the Nackawic River into Nortondale where it changes direction. It now travels northeast through Woodstock Road before it ends at Route 104 in Hawkins Corner.

New Brunswick Route 595
Route 595 is a 21-kilometre (13 mi) long north–south secondary highway in the eastern portion of New Brunswick, Canada.

The route starts at Route 585 in Harten Corner east of the town of Woodstock. The road travels southeast past Bull Lake and through the community of Bull Lake. The road continues through West Waterville, Central Waterville and Temperance Vale. It crosses the Nackawic River before ending at Route 605 in Pinder.
Stad Ommen
Stad Ommen is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It consisted of the city of Ommen and the village of Ommerschans.

It existed from 1818 to 1923, when it merged with the municipality of Ambt Ommen, which covered the surrounding countryside.

Ommen
Ommen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɔmə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a Hanseatic city in the eastern Netherlands. It is located in the Vecht valley of the Salland region in Overijssel. Historical records first name Ommen in the early 12th century and it was officially founded as a city in 1248. The municipality had a population of 18,295 in 2021 and covers an area of 182.01 km2 (70.27 sq mi).