hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cassini oval
In geometry, a Cassini oval is a quartic plane curve defined as the locus of points in the plane such that the product of the distances to two fixed points (foci) is constant. This may be contrasted with an ellipse, for which the sum of the distances is constant, rather than the product. Cassini ovals are the special case of polynomial lemniscates when the polynomial used has degree 2.

Cassini ovals are named after the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini who studied them in the late 17th century. 
Cassini believed that a planet orbiting around another body traveled on one of these ovals, with the body it orbited around at one focus of the oval.
Other names include Cassinian ovals, Cassinian curves and ovals of Cassini.

Oval
An oval (from Latin  ovum 'egg') is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg. The term is not very specific, but in some areas of mathematics (projective geometry, technical drawing, etc.), it is given a more precise definition, which may include either one or two axes of symmetry of an ellipse. In common English, the term is used in a broader sense: any shape which reminds one of an egg. The three-dimensional version of an oval is called an ovoid.
Abraham Samuel
Abraham Samuel (died 1705), also known as "Deaan Tuley-Noro" or "Tolinar Rex", was a pirate of the Indian Ocean in the days of the Pirate Round in the late 1690s. He is thought to have been of mixed African and European ancestry. He was said to be born in Martinique or Jamaica, or possibly in Anosy, Madagascar. Shipwrecked on his way back to New York from Madagascar, he briefly led a combined pirate-Antanosy kingdom force from Fort Dauphin, Madagascar (modern Tôlanaro), from 1697 until he died there in 1705.

Pirate Round
The Pirate Round was a sailing route followed by certain, mainly English, pirates, during the late 17th century and early 18th century.  The course led from the western Atlantic, parallel to the Cape Route around the southern tip of Africa, stopping at Madagascar, then on to targets such as the coast of Yemen and India. The Pirate Round was briefly used again during the early 1720s.  Pirates who followed the route are sometimes referred to as Roundsmen. The Pirate Round was largely co-extensive with the routes of the East India Company ships of Britain and other nations.
Västmanland
Västmanland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvɛ̂sːtmanˌland] or [ˈvɛ̌sːt-] ⓘ) is a historical Swedish province, or landskap, in middle Sweden. It borders Södermanland, Närke, Värmland, Dalarna and Uppland.

Västmanland means "West Man Land" or, less literally, "The Land of the Western Men", where the "western men" (västermännen) were the people living west of Uppland, the core province of early Sweden.

Västmanland County
Västmanland County (Swedish: Västmanlands län) is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Södermanland, Örebro, Gävleborg, Dalarna and Uppsala. The county also has a stretch of shoreline towards Mälaren (Sweden's third largest lake).
Moonie, Queensland
Moonie is a rural town in the Western Downs Region and a locality split between the Western Downs Region and the Goondiwindi Region in Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Moonie had a population of 182 people.

Moonie Highway
The Moonie Highway is a state highway of Queensland, Australia. Part of State Route 49, it leaves the Warrego Highway at Dalby and runs for over 290 km until it reaches St George. From there, State Route 49 continues west as the Balonne Highway. From Dalby, it continues north-east as the Bunya Highway.

The highway serves agricultural settlements as well as oil and gas fields.
Kwango District
Kwango District (French: District du Kwango, Dutch: District Kwango) was a district of the Congo Free State, Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It went through various changes in extent. It roughly corresponded to the present provinces of Kwilu and Kwango.

Bandundu Province
Bandundu is one of eleven former provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  It bordered the provinces of Kinshasa and Bas-Congo to the west, Équateur to the north, and Kasai-Occidental to the east.  The provincial capital is also called Bandundu (formerly Banningstad/Banningville).
Robert Bruce (rapper)
Robert Bruce (born August 9, 1970) is an American retired rapper and professional wrestler who would go on to become a Don for Psychopathic Records.

Bruce is most commonly known by his stage name Jumpsteady. He is the older brother of Violent J of the Insane Clown Posse, and has been featured on many of their releases, both directly and indirectly, since his debut on their 1992 album Carnival of Carnage. Jumpsteady released the EP The Chaos Theory, and the LP Master of the Flying Guillotine before retiring from rapping in 2006. Bruce briefly returned to recording and performing in 2012 before retiring again shortly after.

JCW Heavyweight Championship
The JCW Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship in Juggalo Championship Wrestling. The current champion is Mr. Anderson, who is in his first reign. It was established in 1999 at JCW's first show, the taping for the DVD JCW Volume 1, with Evil Dead winning a 20-man battle royal. There have been a total of 27 recognized champions who have had a combined 41 official reigns.
Uduk people
The Uduk are a Nilo-Saharan group from southeastern Sudan. They speak Uduk, a Koman language. They call themselves Kwanim Pa and are culturally and linguistically related to neighboring communities, such as the Gumuz and the Kwama from the Sudan-Ethiopia borderland. Due to the recent war in southern Sudan they have been forced to emigrate to other countries, especially Ethiopia. Following the peace agreement in 2005, some Uduk have started to return home.

The Uduk adhere to their traditional religion along with Christianity or Islam which incorporates traditional beliefs and practices.

Gumuz people
The Gumuz (also spelled Gumaz and Gumz) are an ethnic group speaking a Nilo-Saharan language inhabiting the Benishangul-Gumuz Region in western Ethiopia, as well as the Fazogli region in Sudan. They speak the Gumuz language, which belongs to the Nilo-Saharan family. In 2025, the population of Gumuz people was around 250,000 people.
2019 European Parliament election in Italy
The 2019 European Parliament election in Italy were held on 26 May 2019, electing members of the 9th Italian delegation to the European Parliament as part of the European elections held across the European Union.

Italia in Comune
Italia in Comune (IiC, English: Italy in Common) is a green and progressive political party in Italy. It was founded in April 2018 by mayor of Parma Federico Pizzarotti, other former members of the Five Star Movement and local non-party independent politicians generally affiliated with the centre-left coalition.
Mount Meakan
Mount Meakan (雌阿寒岳, Meakan-dake) is an active stratovolcano located in Akan National Park in Hokkaidō, Japan. It is the tallest mountain in the Akan Volcanic Complex. 
The volcano consists of nine overlapping cones that grew out of the Akan caldera, on the shores of Lake Akan. Mount Meakan has a triple crater at its summit. According to its name and local legend, Mount Meakan is the female counterpart to Mount Oakan on the other side of Lake Akan.

Akan Mashu National Park
Akan Mashu National Park (阿寒摩周国立公園, Akan Mashū Kokuritsu Kōen) is a national park located on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. Along with Daisetsuzan National Park, these are the two oldest national parks in Hokkaido. The park was established December 4, 1934.

Akan is an area of volcanic craters and forests, covering 90,481 hectares (904.81 km2). The park is famous for its crystal clear lakes, its hot springs, and its large marimo. It is the only place where marimo of appreciable size form naturally in Japan.
Portage/Ogden Dunes station
Portage/Ogden Dunes is a station in Porter County, Indiana serving the  municipalities of Portage, Indiana and Ogden Dunes, Indiana.  It is used by South Shore Line trains.  Ogden Dunes is a semi-gated community with one major access road off of U.S. Highway 12, and the station is located adjacent to where this road accesses the community. The station also serves a Marina Shores subdivision in Portage. Portage/Ogden Dunes station is close to the Inland Marsh and West Beach units of the Indiana Dunes National Park.

Portage, Indiana
Portage (/ˈpɔːrtɪdʒ/ POR-tij) is a city in Portage and Westchester townships, Porter County, in the U.S. state of Indiana, on the border with Lake County. The population was 37,926 as of the 2020 census. It is the largest city in Porter County, and third largest in Northwest Indiana.
Tacit Software
Tacit Software was a company that provided expertise and knowledge search software for enterprises and consumers. It was acquired by Oracle Corp in November 2008, and its assets were rolled into the Oracle Beehive collaboration platform.

Tacit was founded in 1997 as Tacit Knowledge Systems by David Gilmour, the founder of Giga Information Group (now owned by Forrester Research) and was headquartered in Palo Alto, CA.

The company was funded by Draper Fisher Jurvetson (Steve Jurvetson was a company director), Woodside Fund, Alta Partners and the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC). In-Q-Tel was also an early investor in the company. The firm was acquired by Oracle in November 2008.

In-Q-Tel
In-Q-Tel (IQT), formerly Peleus and In-Q-It, is an independent American not-for-profit venture capital firm based in Tysons, Virginia. It invests in companies to keep the Central Intelligence Agency, and other intelligence agencies, equipped with the latest in information technology in support of United States intelligence capability. The corporation receives funding primarily through contracts with the CIA and other U.S. government partners, but is not owned by the CIA. The name "In-Q-Tel" is an intentional reference to Q, the fictional inventor who supplies technology to James Bond.
Isaac Nicholas Fry
Isaac N. Fry (1839 – 1900) was a sergeant in the U.S. Marine Corps during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865.

USS Ticonderoga (1862)
The second USS Ticonderoga was a 2526-ton Lackawanna-class screw sloop-of-war laid down by the New York Navy Yard in 1861; launched on 16 October 1862; sponsored by Miss Katherine Heaton Offley; and commissioned at New York on 12 May 1863, Commodore J. L. Lardner in command.
Lazarev Ice Shelf
69°37′S 14°45′E﻿ / ﻿69.617°S 14.750°E﻿ / -69.617; 14.750
The Lazarev Ice Shelf is that part of the ice shelf fringing the Princess Astrid Coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, that lies between Leningradskiy Island and Verblyud Island. It is part of the western Riiser-Larsen Sea and is about 50 nautical miles (90 km) long, with Razlom Point at its western edge. The ice shelf was first photographed from the air and mapped by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. It was explored and mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1959, and named for Lieutenant (later Admiral) Mikhail P. Lazarev, commander of the sloop Mirnyy.

Opornyy Point is an ice point along the west side of Lazarev Ice Shelf, about 15 nmi (28 km) north of Leningradskiy Island. It was named Mys Opornyy (support point) because the ice shelf at this point rests on the ocean floor.

Verblyud Island
Verblyud Island is an ice-covered island whose summit rises 200 m above the surrounding ice shelf, situated at the east margin of Lazarev Ice Shelf along the coast of Queen Maud Land. First mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SovAE) in 1961 and named Kupol Verblyud (купол Верблюд - camel dome).
Diocese of Superior
The Diocese of Superior (Latin: Dioecesis Superiorensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northwest Wisconsin in the United States. Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in that city is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Milwaukee.

Augustine Francis Schinner
Augustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He served as the first bishop of the Diocese of Superior in Wisconsin from 1905 to 1913 and as the first bishop of the Diocese of Spokane in Washington State from 1914 to 1925.
Tim Wright (bassist)
Tim Wright (1952 – August 4, 2013) was an American musician. He was the original bassist with the Cleveland, Ohio band Pere Ubu, appearing on their earliest singles but leaving the band before they recorded a full-length album. Wright moved to New York City, where he joined Arto Lindsay in the no wave band DNA. He stayed with the group until they disbanded in 1982. Wright also contributed to My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (1981) by Brian Eno and David Byrne.

Timothy Wright was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1952. He died of cancer on August 4, 2013, aged 61.

Arto Lindsay
Arthur Morgan "Arto" Lindsay (born May 28, 1953) is an American guitarist, singer, record producer and experimental composer. He was a member of the pioneering 1970s no wave group DNA, which featured on the 1978 compilation No New York. In the 1980s, he formed the group Ambitious Lovers. He also performed with the Golden Palominos and the Lounge Lizards.

He has a distinctive soft voice and an often noisy, self-taught guitar style consisting almost entirely of unconventional extended techniques, described by Brian Olewnick as "studiedly naïve ... sounding like the bastard child of Derek Bailey".
Inner Carniola
45°43′00″N 14°25′00″E﻿ / ﻿45.71667°N 14.41667°E﻿ / 45.71667; 14.41667

Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Inner Carniola (Slovene: Notranjska pronounced [ˈnòːtɾanska]; German: Innerkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the southwestern part of the larger Carniola region. It comprises the Hrušica karst plateau up to Postojna Gate, bordering the Slovenian Littoral (the Gorizia region) in the west. Its administrative and economic center of the region is Postojna, and other minor centers include Vrhnika, Logatec, Cerknica, Pivka, and Ilirska Bistrica.

Goriška
Goriška (English: the Gorizia Region) is a historical region in western Slovenia on the border with Italy. It comprises the northern part of the wider traditional region of the Slovenian Littoral (Primorska). The name Goriška is an adjective referring to the city of Gorizia, its historical and cultural centre.
Eighth Crusade
The Eighth Crusade was the second Crusade launched by Louis IX of France, this one against the Hafsid dynasty in Tunisia in 1270. It is also known as the Crusade of Louis IX Against Tunis or the Second Crusade of Louis. The Crusade did not see any significant fighting as Louis died of dysentery shortly after arriving on the shores of Tunisia. The Treaty of Tunis was negotiated between the Crusaders and the Hafsids. No changes in territory occurred, though there were commercial and some political rights granted to the Christians. The Crusaders withdrew back to Europe soon after.

Theobald II of Navarre
Theobald II (6/7 December 1239 – 4/5 December 1270) was King of Navarre and also, as Theobald V, Count of Champagne and Brie, from 1253 until his death. He was the son and successor of Theobald I and the second Navarrese monarch of the House of Blois. After he died childless, the throne of Navarre passed to his younger brother, Henry I.
Kostanjevica na Krki
Kostanjevica na Krki (pronounced [kɔˈstàːnjɛʋitsa na ˈkə̀ɾki] ⓘ; also Kostanjevica ob Krki, German: Landstraß) is a small town in the historic Lower Carniola region of southern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki. Today it is part of the Lower Sava Statistical Region. It is located in the northern foothills of the Gorjanci Hills near the border with Croatia. The center of the settlement is on an island in the Krka River, and it is also promoted as the "Venice of Lower Carniola" in Slovenian (Slovene: Dolenjske Benetke).

Sajevce, Kostanjevica na Krki
Sajevce (pronounced [ˈsaːjɛu̯tsɛ]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
World Trade Centre Hong Kong
The World Trade Centre is a shopping centre and office tower complex in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong. It is connected via passageway to its neighbour, The Excelsior.

The complex was developed by Jardines through its property development arm, Hongkong Land. It was later sold to Sun Hung Kai Properties. It is situated on land owned by Jardine since the early days of Hong Kong as a British Crown Colony at East Point, where Jardine had their original godowns and offices.

East Point, Hong Kong
East Point was a spit on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It extended from East Point Hill, i.e. Lee Garden towards Kellett Island and marked the eastern limits of the early City of Victoria. The piece of land separated Causeway Bay in the east and Wong Nai Chung in the west. Streams and muds from Tai Hang and Wong Nai Chung (now buried beneath Canal Road as a subterranean river) shaped the spit.
Trams in Sydney
The Sydney tramway network served the inner suburbs of Sydney, Australia, from 1879 until 1961. In its heyday, it was the largest in Australia, the second largest in the Commonwealth of Nations after London, and one of the largest in the world.

The network was heavily used, with about 1,600 cars in service at any one time at its peak during the 1930s. In comparison, there are about 500 trams in Melbourne today.
Patronage peaked in 1945 at 405 million passenger journeys. Its maximum street trackage totalled 291 km (181 miles) in 1923.

A new era of light rail in Sydney began in 1997.

Circular Quay
Circular Quay is a harbour, former working port and now international passenger shipping terminal, public piazza and tourism precinct, heritage area, and transport node located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, on the northern edge of the Sydney central business district on Sydney Cove, between Bennelong Point and The Rocks. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney.

The Circular Quay area is a popular neighbourhood for tourism and consists of walkways, pedestrian malls, parks and restaurants. It hosts a number of ferry wharves, bus stops, and a railway station. Often referred to as the "gateway to Sydney", the precinct has views of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House and is a common location for viewing Sydney New Year's Eve fireworks.
Equivariant L-function
In algebraic number theory, an equivariant Artin L-function is a function associated to a finite Galois extension of global fields created by packaging together the various Artin L-functions associated with the extension.  Each extension has many traditional Artin L-functions associated with it, corresponding to the characters of representations of the Galois group. By contrast, each extension has a unique corresponding equivariant L-function.

Equivariant L-functions have become increasingly important as a wide range of conjectures and theorems in number theory have been developed around them.  Among these are the Brumer–Stark conjecture, the Coates-Sinnott conjecture, and a recently developed equivariant version of the main conjecture in Iwasawa theory.

Artin L-function
In mathematics, Artin L-functions are a type of Dirichlet series defined for finite extensions of number fields, encoding informations about linear representations of Galois group, ramification of prime ideals and distribution of absolute norms of ideals.

These functions were introduced in 1923 by Emil Artin, in connection with his research into class field theory. They play important role in modern number theory and are generalizations of better-known functions like Dedekind zeta functions or Dirichlet L-functions. Some of their expected properties turned out to be difficult to prove.

One of the aims of proposed non-abelian class field theory is to incorporate the complex-analytic nature of Artin L-functions into a larger framework, such as is provided by automorphic forms and the Langlands program. So far, only a small part of such a theory has been put on a firm basis.
Uralo-Siberian languages
Uralo-Siberian is a hypothetical language family consisting of Uralic, Yukaghir, and Eskaleut. It was proposed in 1998 by Michael Fortescue, an expert in Eskaleut and Chukotko-Kamchatkan, in his book Language Relations across Bering Strait. Some have attempted to include Nivkh in Uralo-Siberian. Until 2011, it also included Chukotko-Kamchatkan. However, after 2011 Fortescue only included Uralic, Yukaghir and Eskaleut in the theory, although he argued that Uralo-Siberian languages have influenced Chukotko-Kamchatkan.

Connections with the Uralic and other language families are generally seen as speculative, including Fortescue's Uralo-Siberian hypothesis. Fortescue's observations have been evaluated by specialists with a limited degree of positivity but are viewed as scattered evidence and still remain highly speculative and unproven and the soundness of the reconstructed common ancestors are challenging to evaluate.

Yukaghir languages
The Yukaghir languages (/ˈjuːkəɡɪər/ YOO-kə-geer or /juːkəˈɡɪər/ yoo-kə-GEER; also Yukagir, Jukagir) are a small family of two closely related surviving languages—Tundra and Kolyma Yukaghir—spoken by the Yukaghir in the Russian Far East living in the basin of the Kolyma River. At the 2002 Russian census, both Yukaghir languages taken together had 604 speakers. More recent reports from the field reveal that this number is far too high: Southern Yukaghir was reported to have had a maximum of 60 fluent speakers in 2009, while the Tundra Yukaghir language had around 60–70. The entire family, as such, is regarded as moribund. The Yukaghir have experienced a politically imposed language shift in recent times, resulting in a majority of speakers also speaking Russian and Yakut.

In the 2020–2021 Russian census, 516 people reported speaking a Yukaghir language as their native language.
Listed buildings in Lindrick with Studley Royal and Fountains
Lindrick with Studley Royal and Fountains is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It contains 57 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, seven are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, seven are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish dos not contain any settlements, and much of it is occupied by Studley Royal Park, which contains many listed garden and water features. Listed buildings of major importance include the ruins of Fountains Abbey, the country house, Fountains Hall, St Mary's Church, the Banqueting House, and the Temple of Piety. Outside the park, the listed buildings include bridges.

St Mary's, Studley Royal
The Church of St Mary, Studley Royal, is a Victorian Gothic Revival church built in the Early English style by William Burges. It is located in the grounds of Studley Royal Park at Fountains Abbey, in North Yorkshire, England.  Burges was commissioned by the 1st Marquess of Ripon to build the church as a memorial church to Frederick Grantham Vyner, his brother-in-law.  It is one of two such churches, the other being the Church of Christ the Consoler at Skelton-on-Ure.