hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Legion (Ukraine)
The International Legion for the Defence of Ukraine, or the Ukrainian Foreign Legion, is a military unit of the Ukrainian Ground Forces composed of foreign volunteers. It was created on 27 February 2022 by the Ukrainian government at the request of President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to fight against the Russian invasion of the country. It was originally part of the Territorial Defense Forces, under the name of International Legion of Territorial Defence of Ukraine, eventually transitioning to the command of the Ukrainian Ground Forces at some point in its existence. While the most effective combat units and soldiers were transferred under the auspices of the Main Directorate of Intelligence as the International Legion of the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine.

Yavoriv military base attack
The Yavoriv military base was attacked by Russian forces on 13 March 2022 as part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The base is located near the city of Yavoriv, Lviv Oblast, less than 15 miles from the border with Poland. According to Ukrainian officials, the military facility was hit by 30 Russian missiles, with initial reports stating between 35 and more than 40 Ukrainian soldiers were killed and 134 others were injured. The toll was later updated  to 64 killed, tens of missing and 160 wounded. According to Russian officials, '180 foreign mercenaries' were killed.
Balthild of Chelles
Balthild (c. 626 – 30 January 680) (/ˈbɔːltɪld/; Old English: Bealdhild, 'bold sword' or 'bold spear), also spelled Bathilda, Bauthieult or Baudour, was queen consort of Neustria and Burgundy by marriage to Clovis II, the King of Neustria and Burgundy (639–658), and regent during the minority of her son, Chlothar III. Her hagiography was intended to further her successful candidature for sainthood.

Tradition represents her as an Anglo-Saxon who was originally of noble birth, perhaps a relative of Ricberht of East Anglia, the last pagan king of East Anglia, although Pierre Fournet regards this as doubtful. Ricberht was ousted by Sigeberht, who had spent time as an exile in the Frankish court, during which he had converted to Christianity. Sigeberht was established as the rightful heir to the throne with Frankish help.

Chelles Abbey
Chelles Abbey (French: Abbaye Notre-Dame-des-Chelles) was a Frankish monastery founded around 657/660 during the early medieval period. It was intended initially as a monastery for women; then its reputation for great learning grew, and when men wanted to follow the monastic life, a parallel male community was established, creating a double monastery.

The abbey stood in Chelles near Paris (Seine-et-Marne department) until the disestablishment of the Catholic Church in 1792 during the French Revolution, and was destroyed. The abbey housed an important scriptorium and held the advantage of powerful royal connections throughout the Carolingian era.
Anil Deshmukh
Anil Vasantrao Deshmukh (born 9 May 1950) is an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra. He is a senior leader of the Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar). Deshmukh served as the Minister for Home Affairs in Government of Maharashtra between 2019 and 2021.
Deshmukh resigned in 2021 as the Home Minister of Maharashtra due to allegations of money laundering and other charges by Param Bir Singh. He was arrested by ED and was kept in custody for 1 year before being released by a court order.

Deshmukh has been a member of 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 14th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, representing  Katol (Vidhan Sabha constituency). 
He had previously served as Minister of Food & Civil supplies and Consumer affairs, Minister of Public Works Department, Minister of State for School Education, Information and Public Relations, Minister of State for Sports & Youth affairs and Minister of State for Education and Culture in the Government of Maharashtra.

Katol
Katol is a city and a municipal council in Nagpur district of Maharashtra state, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Katol taluka, one of the 14 talukas of this district. Being located in orange belt it is a major centre for orange trading.
UK Calling
UK Calling is the name given to the legislation introduced by Ofcom in July 2015 to make the cost of calling UK service numbers clearer for everyone.

The legislation was brought in due to the previous confusion surrounding service call charges, with the intention of making things simpler for the caller. The system also made Freephone numbers free to call from mobile phones, just as they are from landlines.

UK Calling was the biggest change to UK telephone calls for over a decade. The information campaign that accompanied the changes was led by Ofcom, who worked alongside major landline and mobile companies including Three UK, Vodafone and Virgin Media.

Ofcom
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, internet, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms, internet and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.

Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services.

The regulator was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 (c. 11) and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21).
Hunza Peak
Hunza Peak (Urdu: ہنزہ چوٹی) lies in the westernmost subrange of the Karakoram range in Pakistan, along with the Ladyfinger Peak (Bublimating). It lies on the southwest ridge of the Ultar Sar massif, the most southeasterly of the major groups of the Batura Muztagh. The whole massif rises precipitously above the Hunza Valley to the southeast.

This peak has at least two known routes, both first climbed in 1991. Both routes were done in alpine style, the first by a Swedish expedition and the second by a British team, which included Caradog Jones and Mick Fowler.

While nearby Ladyfinger Peak has little prominence above the saddle with Hunza Peak, it is a sharp, relatively snowless rock spire among the peaks around it.

Ultar
Ultar (also Ultar Sar Urdu: آلتر سار, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the southeasternmost major peak of the Batura Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Karimabad, a town on the Karakoram Highway in the Hunza Valley, part of the Hunza District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan.

While not one of the highest peaks of the Karakoram, Ultar Sar is notable for its dramatic rise above local terrain. Its south flank rises over 5,300 metres (17,400 ft) above the Hunza River near Karimabad, in only about 9 km (5.6 mi) of horizontal distance. Combined with its strategic position at the end of the Batura Muztagh, with the Hunza River bending around it, this makes Ultar a visually striking peak.
Diplocystis
Diplocystis is a genus of fungi in the Diplocystaceae family. The single species in the genus, Diplocystis wrightii, has been shown using phylogenetic analysis to be a member of the Sclerodermatineae suborder of the Boletales. The species was originally described in 1869 by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis, from specimens collected in the Caribbean.

Sclerodermatineae
Sclerodermatineae is a suborder of the fungal order Boletales. Circumscribed in 2002 by mycologists Manfred Binder and Andreas Bresinsky, it contains nine genera and about 80 species. The suborder contains a diverse assemblage fruit body morphologies, including boletes, gasteroid forms, earthstars (genus Astraeus), and puffballs.  Most species are ectomycorrhizal, although the ecological role of some species is not known with certainty. The suborder is thought to have originated in the late Cretaceous (145–66 Ma) in Asia and North America, and the major genera diversified around the mid Cenozoic (66–0 Ma).
Jubilee Edition
Jubilee Edition is a limited edition 25-disc CD box set released by Klaus Schulze in 1997 containing unreleased archival recordings in addition to new studio material. This set was wholly included in Schulze's 50-disc CD box set The Ultimate Edition released in 2000 (disc 2 was slightly remastered and discs 19 and 21 were restructured). Beginning in 2009, tracks from this set were reissued  as La Vie Electronique, a series of 3-disc CD sets releasing all the material of The Ultimate Edition in chronological order.

The Ultimate Edition
The Ultimate Edition is a limited edition 50-disc CD box set released by Klaus Schulze in 2000 collecting his previous limited edition multi-disc box sets Silver Edition (1993, 10 discs), Historic Edition (1995, 10 discs), and Jubilee Edition (1997, 25 discs), which contain unreleased archival recordings in addition to new studio material. A further five discs were added for this release. Several discs were altered and restructured from their original versions: discs 7 and 8 were extended by five minutes; discs 11, 13, 14, and 22 were slightly remastered; and discs 41 and 42 were restructured. Two tracks from Jubilee Edition were omitted ("The Unspoken Thing" from Disc 19 and "Ludwigs Traum" from Disc 21). The discs are divided into five boxes of ten discs, housed in individual cardboard sleeves. Between 2009 and 2015, tracks from this set were reissued as La Vie Electronique, a series of multi-disc CD sets releasing all the material of The Ultimate Edition in chronological order.
Cottesloe, Western Australia
Cottesloe is a western suburb of Perth, Western Australia, within the Town of Cottesloe. Cottesloe was named for Thomas Fremantle, 1st Baron Cottesloe, a prominent Tory politician and the brother of Admiral Sir Charles Fremantle, for whom the city of Fremantle was named. The nearby suburb of Swanbourne was named for the Fremantle family seat, Swanbourne House, in Swanbourne, Buckinghamshire.

Cottesloe was home to Australian Prime Minister John Curtin. The house he built still stands in Jarrad Street. It is now vested jointly in the National Trust of Australia (WA) and Curtin University.

Swanbourne, Western Australia
Swanbourne is a western coastal suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Nedlands. It is an affluent, upper middle class residential area with older Federation style homes, many being renovated. The suburb was established in the late 19th century. New housing estates have been built recently through the redevelopment of areas such as the Swanbourne Senior High School, Swanbourne Primary School and Lakeway Drive-In Cinema sites.
Pi Orionis
Pi Orionis (π Ori, π Orionis) is a group of fairly widely scattered stars in the constellation Orion that constitute the asterism Orion's Shield or Orion's Bow.

They form an exception to the general rule that stars that share the same Bayer designation are close together: π1 is nearly 9° north of π6 (Tau Eridani is an even more noteworthy example of this).

π1 Ori (7 Orionis)

π2 Ori (2 Orionis)

π3 Ori (1 Orionis)

π4 Ori (3 Orionis)

π5 Ori (8 Orionis, forms a visual double with 5 Orionis)

π6 Ori (10 Orionis)

All of them were member of asterism 參旗 (Shēn Qí), Banner of Three Stars, Net mansion.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Beinn Reithe
Beinn Reithe is a mountain in Argyll in the Scottish Highlands and forms part of the Ardgoil Peninsula and Arrochar Alps. Beinn Reithe is located between Loch Goil and Loch Long; it reaches a height just over 2,000 feet (600 metres). The mountain is most noticeable from the western shores of Loch Goil and it is also within Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park.

Arrochar Alps
The Arrochar Alps are a group of mountains located around the heads of Loch Long, Loch Fyne, and Loch Goil. They are part of the Grampian Mountains range, which stretch across Scotland. The villages of Arrochar and Lochgoilhead are the nearest settlements.  Many of the mountains are located on the Cowal Peninsula in Argyll and Bute, west of Scotland.

The mountains are especially popular due to their proximity and accessibility from the central belt of Scotland including Glasgow. They are mostly within both the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park and also in the Argyll Forest Park.

The Glens that give access into the heart of the mountain range include: Glen Croe, Hell's Glen, Glen Mhor and Glen Kinglas.

The A83, a main trunk road to the west coast of Scotland passes through the area.  There is a train station nearby at Arrochar and Tarbet railway station.
The Water-Babies
The Water-Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby is a children's novel by Charles Kingsley. Written in 1862–1863 as a serial for Macmillan's Magazine, it was first published in its entirety in 1863. It was written as part satire in support of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. The book was extremely popular in the United Kingdom and was a mainstay of British children's literature for many decades.  The book was selected by Julia Eccleshare as one of the 1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up (2009).

Golden Rule
The Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as one would want to be treated by them. It is sometimes called an ethics of reciprocity, meaning that one should reciprocate to others how one would like them to treat the person (not necessarily how they actually treat them). Various expressions of this rule can be found in the tenets of most religions and creeds through the ages.

The maxim may appear as a positive or negative injunction governing conduct:

Treat others as one would like others to treat them (positive or directive form)

Do not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated (negative or prohibitive form)

What one wishes upon others, they wish upon themselves (empathetic or responsive form)
Architecture of Albania
The architecture of Albania (Albanian: Arkitektura e Shqipërisë [aɾkitɛkˈtuɾa ɛ ʃcipəˈɾisə]) is a reflection of Albania's historical and cultural heritage. The country's architecture was influenced by its location within the Mediterranean Basin and progressed over the course of history as it was once inhabited by numerous civilisations including the Illyrians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Venetians, Ottomans as well as modern Austro-Hungarians and Italians. In addition, missionaries, invaders, colonisers and traders brought cultural changes that had a large profound effect on building styles as well as techniques.

Amphitheatre of Durrës
The Amphitheatre of Durrës (Albanian: Amfiteatri i Durrësit; Latin: Amphitheatrum Dyrrhachinum) is a Roman amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Durrës, Albania. Construction began under the emperor Trajan in the 2nd century AD and it was destroyed twice by earthquakes in the 6th and 10th centuries. It is the largest Roman amphitheatre ever built in the Balkan Peninsula, once having a capacity of 20,000 people.

The amphitheatre is included on the tentative list of Albanian UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It was discovered in late 1966, and has since become a popular tourist attraction.
Communist Party of Ireland
The Communist Party of Ireland (CPI) is a Marxist–Leninist party, founded in 1970 and active in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland following a merger of the Irish Workers' Party and the Communist Party of Northern Ireland. It rarely contests elections and has never had electoral success. The party is a member of the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties. Throughout the period of the Cold War, the CPI openly aligned with the Soviet Union. During the Troubles, the party procured some arms for the faction which became the Official IRA. The party closely supported the Cuban Revolution and campaigns such as the Birmingham Six. Minor splits from the CPI included the Eurocommunist-inspired Irish Marxist Society.

International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
The International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP), also known as Solidnet, is an annual conference attended by communist and workers' parties from several countries. It originated in 1998 when the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) invited communist and workers' parties to participate in an annual conference where parties could gather to share their experiences and issue a joint declaration. The most recent and 23rd meeting of the IMCWP was held in October 2023 in İzmir and was hosted by the Communist Party of Turkey (TKP). The 24th meeting was scheduled to be held in Lebanon, hosted by the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) between 25–27 October 2024, but was postponed due to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn
Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn (c. 1020 – c. 1070) was an 11th-century Welsh King and co-ruler of the kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys from 1063 to 1070. The son of Cynfyn ap Gwerstan and brother of King Bleddyn of Powys. Through his mother Angharad, he was half-brother to King Gruffydd ap Llywelyn as well. Following the 1063 invasion of Wales by Harold and Tostig Godwinson that overthrew Gruffydd, Rhiwallon and Bleddyn jointly received Powys and Gwynedd on condition of faithfully serving Edward the Confessor "everywhere by water and by land".

In August 1067, Rhiwallon and Bleddyn joined Eadric the Wild in an attack upon Herefordshire as part of the Saxon resistance to the recent Norman Conquest of England. In 1070, the two brothers fought in the Battle of Mechain against Gruffydd's sons Maredudd and Idwal. Though victorious, Rhiwallon was slain in battle and left Bleddyn sole prince of North Wales.

Gruffudd ap Llywelyn
Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (c. 1010 – 5 August 1063) was the only Welsh king to unite all of Wales, ruling from 1055 to 1063. He had previously been King of Gwynedd and Powys from 1039 to 1055. Gruffudd was the son of Llywelyn ap Seisyll, King of Gwynedd, and Angharad, daughter of Maredudd ab Owain, King of Deheubarth, and the great-great-grandson of Hywel Dda. After his death, Wales was again divided into separate kingdoms.
Bill Laswell
William Otis Laswell (born February 12, 1955) is an American bass guitarist, record producer, and record label owner. He has been involved in thousands of recordings with many collaborators from all over the world. His music draws from funk, world music, jazz, dub, and ambient styles.

According to music critic Chris Brazier, "Laswell's pet concept is 'collision music' which involves bringing together musicians from wildly divergent but complementary spheres and seeing what comes out." Although his bands may be credited under the same name and often feature the same roster of musicians, the styles and themes explored on different albums can vary dramatically. Material began as a noisy dance music band, but later albums concentrated on hip hop, jazz, or spoken word readings by William S. Burroughs. Most versions of the band Praxis have included guitarist Buckethead, but they have explored different permutations on albums.

Bootsy Collins
William Earl "Bootsy" Collins (born October 26, 1951) is an American bass guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Rising to prominence with James Brown in the early 1970s before joining the Parliament-Funkadelic collective, Collins established himself as one of the leading names and innovators in funk with his driving basslines and humorous vocals.  He later formed his own P-Funk side project known as 'Bootsy's Rubber Band'.   He was a frequent collaborator with other musicians from a variety of genres, including dance music (Deee-Lite's "Groove Is in the Heart"), electronic big beat (Fatboy Slim's "Weapon of Choice" and "The Joker"), and alternative metal (Praxis), among others. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. In 2020, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Collins number 4 in its list of the 50 greatest bassists of all time.
Mitchell Hamline Law Review
The Mitchell Hamline Law Review is a student-run law review published by students at the Mitchell Hamline School of Law in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The journal publishes five full issues each academic year. Additionally, the law review maintains an online Amicus Curiae blog where it publishes brief articles about novel legal developments. The journal's mission is to "provide a scholarly forum for the advancement of legal theory and practice by publishing articles of academic merit and practical importance to the local and national legal community." The law review is a product of 2015 Hamline University School of Law and William Mitchell College of Law merger.

Mitchell Hamline School of Law
The Mitchell Hamline School of Law is a private law school in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.  It is accredited by the American Bar Association and offers full- and part-time Juris Doctor degree programs. The school was established on December 9, 2015, by the merger of the Hamline University School of Law and the William Mitchell College of Law.
Skjerkenuten
Skjerkenuten is a mountain in the municipality of Valle in Agder county, Norway. The 1,404-metre (4,606 ft) tall mountain has a topographic prominence of 70 metres (230 ft), making it the 18th highest mountain in Agder county. It is located in the Setesdalsheiene mountains, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) west of the village of Valle and about the same distance southwest of the village of Bykle.

Valle, Norway
Valle (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈvɑ̂ɫːə] ⓘ) is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Setesdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Valle. Other villages in Valle include Besteland, Brokke, Homme, Hovet, Rygnestad, Rysstad, and Uppstad.

The 1,265-square-kilometre (488 sq mi) municipality is the 82nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Valle is the 321st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,180. The municipality's population density is 1 inhabitant per square kilometre (2.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7.6% over the previous 10-year period.
Sunshine Comedies
Sunshine Comedies is a silent film era line of comedic short films. The two-reel film series was produced by Fox Film beginning in 1916. Actors featured in the series include Slim Summerville, Billie Ritchie, Ethel Teare, and Eli Nadel (as a child). Many of the comedies are lost but some survive. They were produced from 1917 until 1925.

Comedian Al St. John appeared in and directed  many of them during his three years with Fox after which he departed to work on Tuxedo Comedies (see Al St. John filmography for details).

Alice Davenport, Bobby Dunn, and  Charles Lakin were among the many supporting cast members. Beginning in 1918, Winifred Westover had leading roles in some of the Sunshine Comedies opposite Hugh Fay and Jimmie Adams.

Tuxedo Comedies
Tuxedo Comedies were a brand of short comedy films in the United States. Comedian Al St. John appeared in and directed  many of them after his three years with Fox Film doing Sunshine Comedies (see Al St. John filmography for details). They were produced by Reel Comedies. Educational Pictures distributed.

Tuxedo Comedies are 2-reeler silent films produced from 1923 until 1929 and comedy films with sound produced from 1929 until 1931 and 1935 to 1936.

The films were budgeted at around $10,000 each. Educational Pictures' Mermaid Comedies were higher budget and it also had a budget line of cheaper 1-reel comedies in the Cameo Comedies line.

Wallace Lupino was one of the feature performers. Tuxedo was a Jack White Productions brand.