hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rational normal curve
In mathematics, the rational normal curve is a smooth, rational curve C of degree n in projective n-space Pn. It is a simple example of a projective variety; formally, it is the Veronese variety when the domain is the projective line. For n = 2 it is the plane conic Z0Z2 = Z21, and for n = 3 it is the twisted cubic. The term "normal" refers to projective normality, not normal schemes. The intersection of the rational normal curve with an affine space is called the moment curve.

Normal scheme
In algebraic geometry, an algebraic variety or scheme X  is normal if it is normal at every point, meaning that the local ring at the point is an integrally closed domain. An affine variety X (understood to be irreducible) is normal if and only if the ring O(X) of regular functions on X is an integrally closed domain. A variety X over a field is normal if and only if every finite birational morphism from any variety Y to X is an isomorphism.

Normal varieties were introduced by Zariski.
Sztum County
Sztum County (Polish: powiat sztumski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sztum, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Dzierzgoń, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Sztum.

The county was created, as a result of local pressure, in 2002. The area had been part of Malbork County.

The county covers an area of 730.85 square kilometres (282.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 41,476, out of which the population of Sztum is 9,940, that of Dzierzgoń is 5,364, and the rural population is 26,172.

Sztum County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Sztum County is bordered by Malbork County to the north, Elbląg County to the north-east, Ostróda County to the east, Iława County to the south-east, Kwidzyn County to the south and Tczew County to the west.

Elbląg County
Elbląg County (Polish: powiat elbląski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Elbląg, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Pasłęk, 18 km (11 mi) east of Elbląg, Tolkmicko, 27 km (17 mi) north of Elbląg, and Młynary, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Elbląg.

The county covers an area of 1,430.55 square kilometres (552.3 sq mi). In 2019, its total population was 57,395, of which the population of Pasłęk was 12,160, that of Tolkmicko was 2,689, that of Młynary was 1,772, and the rural population was 40,774.
Dupchanchia Model High School
Dupchanchia Government Pilot Model High School (Bengali: দুপচাঁচিয়া সরকারি পাইলট মডেল উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়) is one of the oldest high schools of Dupchanchia Upazila in the Bogra district of Bangladesh. It is situated on the bank of the river Nagor.

Dhupchanchia Upazila
Dhupchanchia Upazila (Bengali: দুপচাঁচিয়া উপজেলা) is an upazila of Bogra District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Dhupchanchia Thana was established in 1880 and was converted into an upazila in 1983. It is named after its administrative center, the town of Dhupchanchia.
Morbi
Morbi or Morvi is a city founded as a princely state around 1698 by Jadeja Thakor Saheb Shree Kayoji Ravaji. It is in the Morbi district in the state of Gujarat, India. It is situated on the Kathiawar peninsula. The city is on the Machhu River, 35 km (22 mi) from the sea and 60 km (37 mi) from Rajkot. It is the former capital of Morvi State, which ceased to exist in 1948.

In 2011, the city's population was 194,947.

Morbi is known as the "ceramics capital of India".

Kathiawar
Kathiawar (Gujarati: [kɑʈʰijɑʋɑɽ]), also known as Saurashtra (Gujarati: [sɔɾɑʂʈrə]), is a peninsula in the south-western Gujarat state in India, bordering the Arabian Sea and covering about 61,000 km2 (23,500 sq mi). It is bounded by the Kutch district in the north, the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest, and by the Gulf of Khambhat in the east. In the northeast, it is connected to the rest of the state and borders on the low, fertile hinterland of Ahmedabad. It is crossed by two belts of hill country and is drained radially by nine rivers which have little natural flow aside from in monsoon months, thus dams have been built on some of these. Kathiawar ports have been flourishing centres of trade and commerce since at least the 16th century. It was formerly a state of India.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place (book)
Between a Rock and a Hard Place is a 2004 autobiographical book by American mountain climber Aron Ralston. It details an incident that occurred in 2003 when Ralston was canyoneering in Bluejohn Canyon in the Utah desert, where he became trapped for five days.

Bluejohn Canyon
Bluejohn Canyon (often referred to as "Blue John Canyon") is a slot canyon in eastern Wayne County, Utah, United States. It is on BLM land just south of the boundary of the Horseshoe Canyon Unit of Canyonlands National Park.
Tōnō
Tōnō (東濃) is the southeastern portion of Gifu Prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan. The Tōnō region received its name as a combination of the kanji for "east" (東) and "Mino" (美濃). The borders of this region are not officially set, but it generally consists of the following cities: Tajimi, Toki, Mizunami, Ena and Nakatsugawa. Occasionally, Kani, usually part of the Chūnō region, is also included as being part of Tōnō.

Nakatsugawa
Nakatsugawa (中津川市, Nakatsugawa-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 31 December 2018, the city had an estimated population of 78,930, and a population density of 120 persons per km2 in 30,788 households. The total area of the city was 676.45 square kilometres (261.18 sq mi).
Shizuoka 1st district
Shizuoka 1st district (Japanese: 静岡県第1区) is a single-member electoral district for the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. The district is located in Shizuoka city and covers the wards of Aoi and Suruga. It is currently represented by former Minister of Justice, Yōko Kamikawa.

Yōko Kamikawa
Yōko Kamikawa (上川 陽子, Kamikawa Yōko; born 1 March 1953) is a Japanese politician and former think tank researcher who served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs between September 2023 and October 2024. She served as the Minister of Justice from September 2020 to October 2021, and also served as Minister of State for Gender Equality and Social Affairs in the cabinets of Shinzō Abe and Yasuo Fukuda. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since December 2012.
River Line (NJ Transit)
The River Line (stylized as River LINE) is a hybrid rail service in southern New Jersey that connects the cities of Camden and Trenton, New Jersey's capital. It is so named because its route between the two cities is parallel to the Delaware River.

The River Line stops at the PATCO Speedline's Broadway station (Walter Rand Transportation Center) and the NJ Transit Atlantic City Line's Pennsauken Transit Center, providing connections to Philadelphia. Its northern terminus is adjacent to the Trenton Transit Center in Trenton.

It was originally operated by the Southern New Jersey Rail Group (SNJRG), which originally included Bechtel and Bombardier Transportation. Once the line was in operation, Bombardier became the sole member of SNJRG. In 2021, Alstom acquired Bombardier Transportation. On September 3, 2025, NJ Transit announced that it would take over operation from Alstom.

Trenton Transit Center
Trenton Transit Center is the main passenger train station in Trenton, New Jersey. Located along the Northeast Corridor, it is served by Amtrak intercity trains plus NJ Transit and SEPTA Regional Rail trains. It is the southern terminus of the NJ Transit Northeast Corridor Line and the northern terminus of the SEPTA Trenton Line. It is also the northern terminus of the NJ Transit River Line service and a terminal for NJ Transit and SEPTA buses.
Pierre Galle
Pierre Galle (born 13 January 1945) is a French former professional basketball player and coach.

Galle was the French League Player of the Year in 1973 and 1974.

He was a member of the senior French national team from 1968 to 1975.

As a head coach, Galle coached ASVEL Basket from 1989 to 1991, Hyères-Toulon Var Basket from 1992 to 1994, and other pro clubs.

Galle's brother, Jean, is also a basketball coach.

LNB Élite MVP
The LNB Élite Most Valuable Player Award is the most valuable player award of the top-tier level men's professional club basketball league in France, the LNB Élite. Maxi-Basket holds the vote, and calls it the referendum.

The record for most MVP awards is hold by Antoine Rigaudeau who won five awards. Victor Wembanyama is the youngest player to ever win the award, as he won it at age 19, in 2023.
Ben Wyatt (politician)
Benjamin Sana Wyatt (born 1 April 1974) is an Australian politician who was the Labor Party member for the seat of Victoria Park in the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 2006 to 2021.

Born in Wewak, Papua New Guinea, to Australian parents, Wyatt moved to Western Australia at an early age. He was elected to parliament in 2006, at the Victoria Park by-election, replacing Geoff Gallop, a former premier. While he was the state's Aboriginal Affairs Minister, his federal counterpart the Indigenous Australians Minister, was his second cousin Ken Wyatt.

Electoral district of Victoria Park
The Electoral district of Victoria Park is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. Victoria Park is named for the inner southeastern Perth suburb of Victoria Park, which falls within its borders.
Rundetaarn
The Round Tower (Danish: Rundetårn) is a 17th-century tower in Copenhagen, Denmark, one of the many architectural projects of Christian IV. Built as an astronomical observatory, it is noted for its equestrian staircase, a 7.5-turn helical corridor leading to the platform at the top (34.8 meters above ground), and its views over Copenhagen.

The tower is part of the Trinitatis Complex which also includes a chapel, the Trinitatis Church, and an academic library, which were the first facilities of the Copenhagen University Library founded in 1482.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Georgia State Route 125
State Route 125 (SR 125) is a 73-mile-long (117 km) state highway that runs south-to-north in an S-shape through the southern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels through Lowndes, Lanier, Berrien, Tift, Irwin, and Ben Hill counties connecting the Valdosta and Fitzgerald metropolitan areas.

Lanier County, Georgia
Lanier County is a county in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. At the 2020 census, the population was 9,877. The county seat is Lakeland. It is named after Georgia poet Sidney Lanier.

Lanier County is part of the Valdosta metropolitan area and shares Moody Air Force Base with Lowndes County on its western boundary.
Newborough Warren
Newborough Warren (Welsh: Tywyn Niwbwrch) near the village of Newborough (Niwbwrch) in Anglesey, Wales, is a large dune and beach system of 2,269 hectares (5,607 acres; 23 km2), approximately half of which is a conifer plantation.  The whole area is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and all of the site, except the forest, is a national nature reserve.

The site is bounded on two sides by rivers: to the south-east by the Afon Braint and to the north-west by Afon Cefni. It includes Llanddwyn Bay and Malltraeth Bay, divided by Ynys Llanddwyn, and part of the Anglesey Coastal Path.

Anglesey Coastal Path
The Anglesey Coastal Path (formally the Isle of Anglesey Coastal Path, Welsh: Llwybr Arfordirol Ynys Môn) is a 200-kilometre (124 mi) long-distance footpath around the island of Anglesey (Welsh: Ynys Môn) in North Wales. The route is part of the Wales Coast Path.
Azonto (Fuse ODG song)
"Azonto" is a single by Ghanaian-English Afrobeats recording artist Fuse ODG, featuring vocals from Itz Tiffany. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 29 September 2013. The song peaked at number 30 on the UK Singles Chart and at number 38 on the Scottish Singles Chart. The song has also charted in the Netherlands. The song was written by Nana Richard Abiona and Tiffany Hayden.

Fuse ODG
Nana Richard Abiona (born 2 December 1988), better known by his stage name Fuse ODG, is a Ghanaian-English singer, songwriter and rapper. He came to attention with his first Top-10 song on the UK singles chart, "Antenna" (#7 in 2013), and for his second last Top-10 on that chart, "Dangerous Love" (#3 in 2014). He also featured on Major Lazer's "Light It Up (Remix)", which reached No. 73 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in 2016.

In addition to his musical career he is a vocal proponent of people of African descent learning about Africa and has launched a subscription-based  educational app "School of new Africa" for the purpose.
Falstaff (rocket)
Falstaff was a British sounding rocket used during the 1970s as part of the Chevaline programme to improve the penetrability  of the Polaris nuclear missile. It was the largest UK rocket with a solid booster ever launched.

Sounding rocket
A sounding rocket or rocketsonde, sometimes called a research rocket or a suborbital rocket, is an instrument-carrying rocket designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. The rockets are often used to launch instruments from 50 to 150 km (30 to 90 mi) above the surface of the Earth, the altitude generally between weather balloons and satellites; the maximum altitude for balloons is about 40 km (25 mi), and the minimum for satellites is approximately 120 km (75 mi).

Due to their suborbital flight profile, sounding rockets are often much simpler than their counterparts built for orbital flight. Certain sounding rockets have an apogee between 1,000 and 1,500 km (600 and 900 mi), such as the Black Brant X and XII. Sounding rockets may be flown to altitudes as high as 3,000 km (2,000 mi) to allow observing times of around 40 minutes to provide geophysical observations of the magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere.
Grosser Mythen
The Grosser Mythen (also Grosse Mythe, lit. 'Large Mythe[n]') is a mountain in the Schwyzer Alps of Central Switzerland. The mountain lies in the canton of Schwyz, to the east of the town of Schwyz, and to the south of the village of Alpthal in the valley of the river Alp. The Rotenfluh is located to the south of the Grosser Mythen.

It is accessible from the Holzegg by a hiking trail, which is opened during the summer months only.

Geologically the Mythen is a penninic Klippe.

Schwyz
Schwyz (German pronunciation: [ʃviːts] ⓘ; French: Schwytz [ʃvits]; Italian: Svitto) is a town and the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.

The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.

The official language of Schwyz is (the Swiss variety of) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Sylvan Grove Theater and Columns
The Sylvan Grove Theater and Columns, also known as the Sylvan Grove Theater or simply the Sylvan Theater, is a sylvan theater located on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington. Within the theater are four 24 foot (7.3 m) tall Ionic columns from the original University building downtown, constructed in 1861. They are some of the oldest-standing architectural pieces in Seattle. It has been called "one of the most beautiful places on campus."

The columns were named "Loyalty", "Industry", "Faith", and "Efficiency" (LIFE) by University Comptroller Herbert T. Condon and Edmond S. Meany, head of the History Department.

Sylvan theater
A sylvan theater—sometimes called a greenery theater (French: théâtre de verdure) (also spelt theatre, see spelling differences)—is a type of outdoor theater situated in a wooded (sylvan) setting. Often adorned with classical motifs (columns, statues), a sylvan theater may substitute a simple green lawn for built seating and can include elaborate arrangements of shrubs, flowers and other greenery. These alfresco stages may be features of grand formal gardens or parks, or of more intimate settings, and may be intended for either public or private use.
Adolf Weidig
Adolf H. A. Weidig (28 November 1867, in Hamburg, Germany – 23 September 1931) was an American composer who was born and raised in Hamburg. After extensive musical studies in Europe, including at the Academy of Music, Munich, he immigrated to the United States in 1892 as a young man.

He wrote numerous pieces for orchestra, including a symphony and the tone poem Semiramis; among his chamber works are three string quartets and a string quintet.  He also wrote songs. He died in Hinsdale, Illinois.

For years Weidig served as Associate Director of the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago and was Dean of the Department of Theory in the same. His composition students included harpist Helena Stone Torgerson, pianists Frances Marion Ralston and Theodora Troendle, organist Helen Searles Westbrook, and, most notably, composer Ruth Crawford Seeger. He wrote the book Harmonic Material and its Uses in 1924 to aid as a reference in his composition classes.

American Conservatory of Music
The American Conservatory of Music (ACM) was a major American school of music founded in Chicago in 1886 by John James Hattstaedt (1851–1931). The conservatory was incorporated as an Illinois non-profit corporation. It developed the Conservatory Symphony Orchestra and had numerous student recitals. The oldest private degree-granting music school in the Midwestern United States, it was located in Chicago until 1991.

That year, 1991, its board of trustees—chaired by Frederic Wilbur Hickman—voted to close the institution, file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, liquidate the assets, and dissolve the corporation. The conservatory closed at the end of the semester, in May 1991.

An organization based in Hammond, Indiana, uses the name "American Conservatory of Music" and identifies as the reorganized continuation of the Chicago institution. It also has a base in Belize that was founded in 1886 and is currently led by Theodora Schultze.
Robert Cailliau
Robert Cailliau (last name pronunciation: [kajo], born 26 January 1947) is a Belgian informatics engineer who proposed the first (pre-www) hypertext system for CERN in 1987 and collaborated with Tim Berners-Lee on the World Wide Web (jointly winning the ACM Software System Award) from before it got its name. He designed the historical logo of the WWW, organized the first International World Wide Web Conference at CERN in 1994 and helped transfer Web development from CERN to the global Web consortium in 1995. He is listed as co-author of How the Web Was Born by James Gillies, the first book-length account of the origins of the World Wide Web.

Tongeren
Tongeren (Dutch: [ˈtɔŋərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Tongres [tɔ̃ɡʁ]; German: Tongern [ˈtɔŋɐn]; Limburgish: Tóngere [ˈtʊŋəʀə]) is a city and former municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg, in the southeastern corner of the Flemish region of Belgium. Tongeren is the oldest town in Belgium, as the only Roman administrative capital within the country's borders. As a Roman city, it was inhabited by the Tungri, and known as Atuatuca Tungrorum, it was the administrative centre of the Civitas Tungrorum district. Since 1 January 2025, it is part of the new municipality Tongeren-Borgloon.
John Hatfield (cricketer)
John Hatfield (2 March 1831 – 5 July 1889) was an English cricketer.  Hatfield's batting style is unknown.  He was born at Southwell, Nottinghamshire.

Hatfield made a single first-class appearance for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1854 at Broadwater Park, Godalming. Surrey won the toss and elected to bat first, making 113 all out in their first-innings.  Nottinghamshire responded in their first-innings by making 100 all out, with Hatfield, who opened the batting, scoring 3 runs before he was dismissed by Heathfield Stephenson.  Surrey then made 107 all out in their second-innings, leaving Nottinghamshire with a target of 121 for victory.  However, Nottinghamshire could only manage to make just 55 all out in their second-innings, during which Hatfield, who had moved down the order to number seven, scored a single run before he was dismissed by Tom Shermam. This was his only major appearance for Nottinghamshire.

He died at Rugby, Warwickshire, on 5 July 1889.

Southwell, Nottinghamshire
Southwell (/ˈsaʊθwəl, -wɛl/ SOWTH-wəl, -⁠wel, locally also /ˈsʌðəl/ SUDH-əl) is a minster and market town, and a civil parish, in the district of Newark and Sherwood, in Nottinghamshire, England. It is home to the grade-I listed Southwell Minster, the cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham. The population of the town was recorded at 7,491 in the 2021 census.
Nedunchaalai
Nedunchalai (transl. Highway) is a 2014 Indian Tamil language action drama film written and directed by N. Krishna and produced by Aaju, C. Soundarajan and Dheeraj Kher. The film stars Aari Arujunan and Sshivada in the lead roles, with Thambi Ramiah and Prashant Narayanan in other pivotal roles. It was released on 28 March 2014, by Red Giant Movies.

Obeli N. Krishna
Obeli N. Krishna (commonly known as Krishna) is an Indian film director and screenwriter, from the Tamil film industry.  He made his directorial debut with the 2006 romantic drama, Sillunu Oru Kaadhal, with Suriya and Jyothika.
The Rag Trade
The Rag Trade is a British television sitcom broadcast by the BBC between 1961 and 1963 and by ITV between 1977 and 1978. Although a comedy, it shed light on gender, politics and the "class war" on the factory floor.

The scripts were written by partners Chesney and Wolfe, who later wrote Wild, Wild Women, Meet the Wife and On the Buses. Wild, Wild Women was a period variation of The Rag Trade.

Esma Cannon
Esma Ellen Charlotte Littmann (née Cannon; 27 December 1905 – 18 October 1972), credited as Esme or Esma Cannon, was an Australian-born character actress who moved to Britain in the early 1930s. Although she frequently appeared on television in her latter years, Cannon is best remembered as a film actress, with a lengthy career in British productions from the 1930s to the 1960s.