hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shams al-din Muhammad ibn Muhammad Juvayni
Shams al-din Muhammad Juvayni (Persian: شمس‌الدین محمد جوینی) was a Persian statesman and member of the Juvayni family. He served as the state treasurer (mustawfi) of the Khwarazmshah Ala al-Din Muhammad II (r. 1200–1220) and his son Jalal al-Din Mangburni (r. 1220–1231).

Shams al-Din Muhammad had a son named Baha al-Din Muhammad Juvayni, whose sons Ata-Malik Juvayni and Shams al-Din Juvayni would become influential figures in the early days of Ilkhanate rule in Iran.

Juvayni family
The Juvayni family was a Persian family native to the Juvayn area in Khorasan. The most famous members were Shams al-Din Juvayni (d. 1284) and his elder brother Ata-Malik Juvayni (d. 1283). The family was known for patronizing scholars and poets, such as Saadi Shirazi and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi.

The family claimed ancestry from al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi' (d. 823/4), who had served in high offices under the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809). The family worked for many different dynasties during its heyday, such as the Ziyarids, Seljuks, Khwarazmians, and the Ilkhanate.
Carey House (Denison, Iowa)
The John T. and Marietta Carey House is a historic residence located in Denison, Iowa, United States. The house is associated with John Carey, who served for six years as Denison's mayor.  During that time the city's sewer system was put in, street signs were put up, preparations were made for mail delivery, the Carnegie Library and the courthouse were built, a telephone exchange was installed and the city more than doubled in size.  President Theodore Roosevelt and Treasury Secretary L. M. Shaw, a former Iowa governor, visited Denison when Carey was mayor.   He also served in county government.  Marietta (Greek) Carey was the daughter of early pioneers to the county, and she was one of the first people born in the county.  The two-story, frame, Queen-Anne style house was built in 1893.  It is a mail-order house from the George F. Barber & Co. in Knoxville, Tennessee.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Denison, Iowa
Denison is a city in Crawford County, Iowa, United States, along the Boyer River, and located in both Denison Township and East Boyer Township. The population was 8,373 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Crawford County.
Khamak
The Khamak is a string instrument similar to the Gubguba or Anandalahari, originating in bengal region, common in folk music of Bengal, Odisha and North East India, especially Baulgaan. It is a one-headed drum with a string attached to it which is plucked. The only difference from ektara is that no bamboo is used to stretch the string, which is held by one hand, while being plucked by another. In Anandalahari, the other end of the string is fixed inside a copper pot only.

Baul
The Baul (Bengali: বাউল) are a group of mystic minstrels of mixed elements of Sufism and Vaishnava Sahajiya from different parts of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam's Barak Valley and Meghalaya. Bauls constitute both a syncretic religious sect of troubadours and a musical tradition. Bauls are a very heterogeneous group, with many sects, but their membership mainly consists of Gaudiya Vaishnava Bengali Hindus and Sufi Bengali Muslims. They can often be identified by their distinctive clothes and musical instruments. Lalon Shah is regarded as the most celebrated Baul saint in history.

Although Bauls constitute only a small fraction of the Bengali population, their influence on the culture of Bengal is considerable. In 2005, the "Baul tradition of Bangladesh" was included in the list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
Le lieutenant de Kouta
Le lieutenant de Kouta ("The Lieutenant of Kouta") is a 1979 novel by Malian author Massa Makan Diabaté. Loosely based on the author's hometown of Kita, Mali, the novel tells the story of a recently returned lieutenant from the French Colonial Army, Siriman Keita, and his struggle to adjust to his village's changing customs. It is the first book in Diabaté's "Kouta trilogy," followed by Le coiffeur de Kouta ("The Barber of Kouta," 1980) and Le boucher de Kouta ("The Butcher of Kouta," 1982), which feature many of the same characters.

Fadenya
Fadenya or “father-childness” is a word used by Mande peoples, originally to describe the tensions between half-brothers with the same father and different mothers. The concept of fadenya has been stretched and is often used to describe the political and social dynamism of the Mande world. Fadenya is often discussed in contrast to badenya, or mother-childness.
Politics of the Northern Cape
Like South Africa's eight other provinces, the Northern Cape is governed by a parliamentary system, in which the Premier of the Northern Cape is elected by the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature and in turn selects the Northern Cape Executive Council. As in most other provinces, the African National Congress (ANC) has led the Northern Cape Provincial Government since the end of apartheid. In the most recent provincial election, held in 2024, the ANC lost three seats and lost its outright majority, while remaining the largest party at 15 seats in the provincial legislature and the Democratic Alliance remained as the official opposition in the legislature. Pursuant to the same election, Zamani Saul was elected Premier of the province.

Premier of the Northern Cape
The premier of the Northern Cape is the  head of government of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The current premier of the Northern Cape is Zamani Saul, a member of the African National Congress, who was elected in the 2019 election. He took office on 22 May 2019.
Double articulation
In linguistics, double articulation, duality of patterning, or duality is the fundamental language phenomenon consisting of the use of combinations of a small number of meaningless elements (sounds, that is, phonemes) to produce a large number of meaningful elements (words, actually morphemes). Its name refers to this two-level structure inherent to sign systems, many of which are composed of these two kinds of elements: 1) distinctive but meaningless and 2) significant or meaningful.

It is one of Hockett's design features.

Hockett's design features
Hockett's design features are a set of features that characterize human language and set it apart from animal communication. They were defined by the linguist Charles F. Hockett in the 1960s. He called these characteristics the design features of language. Hockett originally believed there to be 13 design features. While primate communication utilizes the first 9 features, Hockett believed that the final 4 features (displacement, productivity, cultural transmission, and duality) were reserved for humans. Hockett later added prevarication, reflexiveness, and learnability to the list as uniquely human characteristics. He asserted that even the most basic human languages possess these 16 features.
Symphonies for concert band
Prior to the 20th century, only a handful of original symphonies for wind band existed. Symphonies were almost exclusively written for orchestra at the time, but, beginning in the early-mid 20th century, numerous symphonies for concert band began to appear.

There are also numerous orchestral symphonies that have been transcribed for concert band, but those are not included in this article.

Note: 20th and 21st century symphonies labelled with an asterisk (*) are for a smaller band, typically the wind section of the orchestra.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Muscle of Love
Muscle of Love is the seventh studio album by American rock band Alice Cooper. The album was released in late 1973, with the band playing its last concert a few months later. It was the final studio album released by Alice Cooper as a band for 52 years, until the release of their reunion album The Revenge of Alice Cooper (2025).

The Revenge of Alice Cooper
The Revenge of Alice Cooper is the eighth studio album by American rock band Alice Cooper. It was released on July 25, 2025, by earMusic and is the group's first full collaboration since 1973's Muscle of Love.
Swainsona formosa
Swainsona formosa, commonly known as Sturt's desert pea or Sturt pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to all continental states and the Northern Territory of Australia, with the exception of Victoria. It is a prostrate annual or short lived perennial herb with imparipinnate leaves with about 15 elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, and presents two to six racemes of usually red flowers.

Charles Sturt University
Charles Sturt University is an Australian multi-campus public university located in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria. Established in 1989, it was named in honour of Captain Charles Sturt, a British explorer who made expeditions into regional New South Wales and South Australia.

It is the largest regional university in Australia, offering a multidisciplinary spectrum of courses in collaboration with various partners across the country.
Talan Memmott
Talan Memmott (born 1964) is an American digital media artist and researcher known for his contributions to the field of electronic literature. He is the author of over 40 works of electronic literature, including the digital poem Lexia to Perplexia (1999), and his works are collected in The NEXT. Memmott has been the editor of the digital literary journal BeeHive, and has co-edited several anthologies of electronic literature. He is an Associate Professor at Winona State University.

David Prater, in the Cordite Poetry Review, termed him "an internationally known practitioner of electronic literature and digital art with a practice ranging from experimental video to digital performance applications and literary hypermedia."

Electronic Literature Organization
The Electronic Literature Organization (ELO) is a nonprofit organization "established in 1999 to promote and facilitate the writing, publishing, and reading of electronic literature". It hosts annual conferences, awards annual prizes for works of and criticism of electronic literature, hosts online events and has published a series of collections of electronic literature.
RAF Marham
RAF Marham (IATA: KNF, ICAO: EGYM) is a Royal Air Force station near the village of Marham in the county of Norfolk, East Anglia, south of King's Lynn and Boston, west of Norwich.

It is home to No. 138 Expeditionary Air Wing (138 EAW) and, as such, is one of the RAF's 'main operating bases' (MOB).  Since 6 June 2018, it has been home to the fifth generation Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning operated by No. 617 (Dambusters) Squadron.  No. 207 Squadron, becoming the second Lightning squadron to be based at RAF Marham when it reformed on 1 August 2019 as the F-35 operational conversion unit (OCU).

No. 12 Squadron RAF
Number 12 Squadron, also known as No. 12 (Bomber) Squadron, is a flying squadron of the Royal Air Force (RAF). The squadron reformed in July 2018 as a joint RAF and Qatar Emiri Air Force squadron. It is based at RAF Coningsby, Lincolnshire, and operates the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4. It is temporarily integrating Qatari air and ground crews into the squadron to provide training and support as part of the Qatari purchase of 24 Typhoons from the UK.
1998–99 Valencia CF season
Valencia had a successful season, finishing in the top four of La Liga, and thus qualifying for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in almost thirty years, thanks to the extension of the competition to include more teams from the top leagues. Valencia also won the Copa del Rey, ending a long trophy drought and marking a successful end to Italian coach Claudio Ranieri's first spell at the club. Among the main players behind the success included Gaizka Mendieta, Javier Farinós and lethal striker Claudio López.

At the end of the season, Ranieri left to manage Atlético Madrid; he was replaced by Argentine Héctor Cúper, who had led Mallorca to third place and the Cup Winners' Cup final.

Claudio López (footballer)
Claudio Javier López (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈklawðjo ˈlopes], born 17 July 1974) is an Argentine former professional footballer, who played as a forward. Nicknamed Piojo (louse), he is best known for his spells with Valencia in Spain and Lazio in Italy. López also had a notable impact in the Argentina national team, participating in two World Cups.
Green Mountains
The Green Mountains are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Vermont and are a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains. The range runs primarily south to north and extends approximately 250 miles (400 km) from the border with Massachusetts to the border with Quebec, Canada. The part of the same range that is in Massachusetts and Connecticut is known as the Berkshires or the Berkshire Hills (with the Connecticut portion, mostly in Litchfield County, locally called the Northwest Hills or Litchfield Hills) and the Quebec portion is called the Sutton Mountains, or Monts Sutton in French.

All mountains in Vermont are often referred to as the "Green Mountains". However, other ranges within Vermont, including the Taconic Mountains in southwestern Vermont and the Northeastern Highlands, are not geologically part of the Green Mountains.

Long Trail
The Long Trail is a hiking trail located in Vermont, running the length of the state. It is the oldest long-distance trail in the United States, constructed between 1910 and 1930 by the Green Mountain Club (GMC). The club remains the primary organization responsible for the trail, and is recognized by the state legislature as "the founder, sponsor, defender, and protector" of the Long Trail System. The long trail sees 410,000 people annually.
Super DIRTcar Series
The Super DIRTcar Series Big Block Modifieds is a North American big block modified touring series currently promoted by World Racing Group. The series primarily races on dirt ovals in the Northeastern United States and Canada along with select dates in Florida and North Carolina.

The cars feature big block V8 engines (up to 467 c.i.) that develops over 750 hp and a center-steer style chassis that weighs at least 2,500 lb with driver included.

Oswego Speedway
The Oswego Speedway is a 0.625 mi (1.006 km) mile race track in Oswego, New York. It was built in 1951 and was paved with asphalt since 1952. The track has held dates on several national tours - the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, ASA National Tour, and USAC Silver Crown Series. It was temporarily covered with dirt in 2016 when it held a one-off Super DIRTcar Series race. The track is the Labor Day Weekend home of the 200-lap, non-wing, big-block supermodified Budweiser Classic and Race of Champions (a modified touring series event).
KBNT-CD
KBNT-CD (channel 17) is a low-power, Class A television station in San Diego, California, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language network Univision. It is owned by Entravision Communications alongside UniMás affiliate KDTF-LD (channel 36). The two stations share studios on Ruffin Road in San Diego's Kearny Mesa section; KBNT-CD's transmitter is located on Mount Soledad in La Jolla.

The station's signal is relayed on low-power KHAX-LD (channel 25) in Vista and K03JB-D (channel 3) in San Diego.

Entravision Communications
Entravision Communications Corporation is an American media company based in Santa Monica, California. Entravision primarily caters to the Spanish-speaking Hispanic and Latino community and owns television and radio stations and outdoor media, in several of the top Hispanic and Latino markets. It is the largest affiliate group of the Univision and UniMás television networks. Entravision also owns a small number of English-language television and radio stations.
Glyceric acid
Glyceric acid refers to organic compounds with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CO2H.  It occurs naturally and is classified as three-carbon sugar acid.  It is chiral. Salts and esters of glyceric acid are known as glycerates.

Sugar acid
In organic chemistry, a sugar acid or acidic sugar is a monosaccharide with a carboxyl group at one end or both ends of its chain.

Main classes of sugar acids include:

Aldonic acids, in which the aldehyde group (−CH=O) located at the initial end (position 1) of an aldose is oxidized.

Ulosonic acids, in which the hydroxymethyl group (−CH2OH) at the initial end of a 2-ketose is oxidized creating an α-ketoacid.

Uronic acids, in which the −CH2OH group at the terminal end of an aldose or ketose is oxidized.

Aldaric acids, in which both ends (−CH=O and −CH2OH) of an aldose are oxidized.
Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition
The Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition, also known as the Anaphora of Hippolytus, is an ancient Christian  Anaphora (also known as a Eucharistic Prayer) which is found in chapter four of the Apostolic Tradition.  It should not be confused with the Syriac Orthodox Anaphora of the Twelve Apostles, which is similar, and may be one of several liturgies derived from this Anaphora, yet is considerably longer and more ornate.

It was used extensively by Gregory Dix in his research for his book The Shape of the Liturgy published in 1945 and subsequently by theologians such as Dr. Charles (Ted) Hackett and Dr. Don Saliers among others in preparing reforms for the Book of Common Prayer and the United Methodist Liturgies found in the current United Methodist Hymnal. This anaphora is also the inspiration for the Roman Rite's Eucharistic Prayer II in the Mass of Paul VI.

Anaphora (liturgy)
The Anaphora (/əˈnæfərə/), Eucharistic Prayer, or Great Thanksgiving, is a portion of the Christian liturgy of the Eucharist in which, through a prayer of thanksgiving, the elements of bread and wine are consecrated. The prevalent historical Roman Rite form is called the "Canon of the Mass".

"Anaphora" is a Greek word (ἀναφορά) meaning a "carrying up", thus an "offering" (hence its use in reference to the offering of sacrifice to God). (This sense is distinct from the usage of "anaphora" in rhetoric and linguistics to mean a "carrying back".) In the sacrificial language of the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible known as the Septuagint, προσφέρειν (prospherein) is used of the offerer's bringing the victim to the altar, and ἀναφέρειν (anapherein) is used of the priest's offering up the selected portion upon the altar (see, for instance, Leviticus 2:14, 2:16, 3:1, 3:5).
Lucania
Lucania was a historical region of Southern Italy, named after its native Lucani, an Oscan people. It extended from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. It bordered with Samnium and Campania in the north, Apulia in the east, and Bruttium in the south-west, and was at the tip of the peninsula which is now called Calabria. It comprised almost all the modern region of Basilicata, the southern part of the Province of Salerno (the Cilento area), the western part of Province of Taranto and a northern portion of the Province of Cosenza.

The precise limits were the river Silarus in the north-west, which separated it from Campania, and the Gravina which flows into the Gulf of Taranto in the east. The lower tract of the river Laus, which flows from a ridge of the Apennine Mountains to the Tyrrhenian Sea in an east-west direction, marked part of the border with Bruttium.

Lao (Italian river)
The Lao (Greek: Λᾶος; Latin: Laus, Laos or Laüs; formerly also Laino) is a river in southern Italy. It rises in the Lucanian Apennines in Basilicata (where it is known as the Mercure) and drains into the Tyrrhenian Sea near Scalea in Calabria.
Simskardvatnet
Simskardvatnet (Norwegian) or Sijdurrienjaevrie (Southern Sami) is a lake in Hattfjelldal Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is the headwaters of the river Vefsna. The lake lies within Børgefjell National Park, just east of the municipal border with Grane Municipality.

Vefsna
Vefsna (Norwegian), Vaapstenjeanoe (Southern Sami), or Vapstälven (Swedish) is the largest river in Nordland county, Norway. It is 163 kilometres (101 mi) long and drains a watershed of 4,122 square kilometres (1,592 sq mi). Its headwaters lie in the mountains of Børgefjell National Park at the lake Simskardvatnet. The river runs through Hattfjelldal Municipality, Grane Municipality, and Vefsn Municipality. The southern parts of the river are sometimes called the river Susna. The river flows north, not far from the Swedish border, and some of the minor tributaries come from Sweden. At the town of Mosjøen, the river discharges into the Vefsnfjorden. The Laksforsen waterfall lies along its course.

Historically, it was an important salmon fishery, but it has now been infected with the salmon parasite Gyrodactylus salaris.
Nottinghamshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Nottinghamshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two Members of Parliament (MPs), traditionally known as knights of the shire.

The constituency was split into two two-member divisions, for parliamentary purposes, by the Reform Act 1832. The county was then represented by the North Nottinghamshire and South Nottinghamshire constituencies.

South Nottinghamshire (UK Parliament constituency)
South Nottinghamshire, formally the "Southern Division of Nottinghamshire" was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) by the bloc vote system of election.
Santa María la Redonda
Santa María la Redonda is a traditional neighborhood located in the Cuauhtémoc municipality of Mexico City now part of colonia Guerrero close to Tepito and La Lagunilla. Even though it is not a formal colonia, Santa María la Redonda is a recognized and traditional zone formed after the Conquest of the Aztec Empire on one of the four original neighborhoods (campan) of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Cuepopan-Tlaquechiuhca.

La Lagunilla Market
La Lagunilla Market is a traditional public market in Mexico City, located about ten blocks north of the city's main plaza, in a neighborhood called La Lagunilla. The market is one of the largest in the city and consists of three sections: one for clothing, one for furniture and one for foodstuffs, mostly selling to lower income customers. The market is surrounded by small stores and street vendors, many specializing in furniture and dresses and other needs for formal occasions. On Sundays, the number of street vendors grows significantly, a weekly “tianguis” market called a baratillo which traditionally sells used items. One section of this baratillo has developed into a market for antiques, which has attracted higher income customers and even famous ones such as Carlos Monsiváis.