hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sander (crater)
Sander is a crater on Mercury within Caloris Basin. It has dark walls and bright patches on its floor. Unlike the rays of Bashō crater, the bright areas are not believed to be immature, but they are inherently bright. It is named after the German photographer August Sander (1876–1964).

Hollows are present within Sander.  A confirmed dark spot is present in Sander.  This dark spot is associated with the hollows.

Caloris Planitia
Caloris Planitia /kəˈlɔːrɪs pləˈnɪʃ(i)ə/ is a plain within a large impact basin on Mercury, informally named Caloris, about 1,550 km (960 mi) in diameter. It is one of the largest impact basins in the Solar System. "Calor" is Latin for "heat" and the basin is so-named because the Sun is almost directly overhead every second time Mercury passes perihelion. The crater, discovered in 1974, is surrounded by the Caloris Montes, a ring of mountains approximately 2 km (1.2 mi) tall.
Masham (sheep)
The Masham is a breed of domestic sheep which originated in northern England. It is the progeny of a Teeswater ram and either a Dalesbred or a Swaledale ewe. The ewes are hornless.

The breed takes its name from the town of Masham in lower Wensleydale, North Yorkshire.

Masham
Masham (/ˈmæsəm/ MASS-əm) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 1,205 at the 2011 census.

The town is located 34 miles (55 km) northwest of York and was in the former Harrogate district. It is situated in the lower Wensleydale, on the western bank of the River Ure, just north of its confluence with the River Burn.
Éditions Gründ
Librairie Gründ, also known as "Les éditions Gründ " is a French publishing company. It was started in 1880 by Ernest Gründ and Émile Maguet as a bookstore in Paris, specializing  in works about art. It joined the French publishing group Editis in 2007.

Gründ issued the Benezit Dictionary of Artists until 2007, when Oxford University Press began issuing the dictionary.

Benezit has been called "the definitive international directory of artists"  by The New York Times.

Some of the authors published by this group include Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, Sophie Rostopchine, comtesse de Ségur, Siri Reuterstrand, Jean-Francois Mesplède, Jean-Pierre Délarge, and classics by Rabelais, etc.

Editis
Editis is a French group of publishing companies, subsidiary of Czech Media Invest. It is the second-largest French publishing group, after Hachette Livre.

In June 2023, after acquiring a majority stake in Hachette's parent company, the Lagardère Group, Vivendi chose to keep Hachette, while selling Editis to Czech Media Invest, which is owned by Czech billionaire Daniel Křetínský. The sale was finalised in November 2023.
Cakaudrove Province
Cakaudrove (Fijian pronunciation: [ðaˈkɔuɳɖʳoβe]) is one of fourteen provinces of Fiji, and one of three based principally on the northern island of Vanua Levu, occupying the south-eastern third of the island and including the nearby islands of Taveuni, Rabi, Kioa, and numerous other islands in the Vanua Levu Group. It has a total land area of 2,816 square kilometers, with a population of 50,447 at the most recent census in 2017, making it the seventh most populous province. The only major town is Savusavu, with a population of 5,494 in 2017.

Vanua Levu
Vanua Levu (pronounced [βaˈnua ˈleβu], lit. 'Big Land', Fiji Hindi: वानुआ लेवु), formerly known as Sandalwood Island, is the second largest island of Fiji. Located 64 kilometres (40 miles) to the north of the larger Viti Levu, the island has an area of 5,587.1 square kilometres (2,157.2 sq mi) and a population of approximately 160,000 as of 2022.
Rockell
Rachel Alexandra Mercaldo (born March 4, 1977, in Staten Island, New York), known professionally as Rockell, is an American freestyle, hi-NRG and pop singer and songwriter, best known for her 1997 hit single, "In a Dream".

Instant Pleasure (album)
Instant Pleasure is Rockell's second album, released on October 10, 2000, on Robbins Entertainment. It is more pop oriented than her debut and was mostly produced by Tony Moran and Hex Hector.  The album features the hit singles "What U Did 2 Me", "Tears" and "The Dance".
Estadio Francisco Artés Carrasco
Estadio Francisco Artes Carrasco is a multi-use stadium in Lorca, Spain.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the former home ground of Lorca Deportiva CF. It was the home ground of Lorca FC before its dissolution and the current CF Lorca Deportiva. The stadium holds 8,120.

CF Lorca Deportiva
Club de Fútbol Lorca Deportiva is a Spanish football club based in Lorca, in the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia. Founded in 2012, the club play in Segunda Federación – Group 4. Lorca holds it home games at Estadio Francisco Artés Carrasco, which has an 8,064-seat capacity.. The roots of the club can be traced back to the Sociedad Lorca Football Club, founded in 1901 by Newcastle-born Manuel José (Manni) Pelegrín Dunn, whose father was originally from Lorca.
612 march
The 612 march (Finnish: 612-soihtukulkue, Swedish: 612-marschen) is an annual far-right, anti-immigration march in Helsinki, Finland, that takes place on Independence Day.

The march leaves from Töölöntori and ends at the Hietaniemi military cemetery. The event ends with placing candles and wreaths at the graves. There are also speeches in connection with the procession.

According to the police of Finland, the march attracted at its peak 3,000 attendees. By 2025, participation had dwindled to 700–800, with counter-protesters numbering 2000–3000.

Independence Day (Finland)
Independence Day (Finnish: itsenäisyyspäivä [ˈitsenæi̯syːsˌpæi̯ʋæ]; Swedish: självständighetsdagen) is a national public holiday in Finland and a flag flying day held on 6 December to celebrate Finland's declaration of independence from Russia after the Bolsheviks took power in late 1917.
Sanjak of Pojega
The Sanjak of Pojega (Turkish: Pojega Sancağı; Croatian: Požeški sandžak) was an administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire formed around 1538. It existed until the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), when the region was transferred to the Habsburg monarchy. It was located in present-day eastern Croatia, in the Slavonia region. The capital of the sanjak was Pojega (Croatian: Požega).

Bosnia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Bosnia (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بوسنه, romanized: Eyālet-i Bōsnâ; Turkish: Bosna Eyaleti; Serbo-Croatian: Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in 1853 was 52,530 square kilometres (20,281 sq mi).
Error correction model
An error correction model (ECM) is a type of time series model commonly applied when the underlying variables share a long-run stochastic trend, a property known as cointegration. ECMs provide a theoretically grounded framework for estimating both short-run dynamics and long-run relationships among variables.

The term error correction refers to the idea that deviations from the long-run equilibrium (the error) affect short-run adjustments. In this framework, the model directly estimates the speed at which a dependent variable returns to equilibrium following changes in other explanatory variables.

Johansen test
In statistics, the Johansen test, named after Søren Johansen, is a procedure for testing cointegration of several, say k, I(1) time series. This test permits more than one cointegrating relationship so is more generally applicable than the Engle-Granger test which is based on the Dickey–Fuller (or the augmented) test for unit roots in the residuals from a single (estimated) cointegrating relationship.
John Bullock (1731–1809)
Colonel John Bullock (31 December 1731 – 28 December 1809) was a British politician and militia officer who represented the constituencies of Maldon, Steyning and Essex in the British House of Commons from 1754 to 1810. Born in Faulkbourne, Essex, he was a prominent member of the Bullock family whose long service in Parliament resulted in the title of father of the House being bestowed on him.

Thomas Gainsborough
Thomas Gainsborough RA FRSA (/ˈɡeɪnzbərə/; 14 May 1727 (baptised) – 2 August 1788) was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. Along with his rival Sir Joshua Reynolds, he is considered one of the most important British artists of the second half of the 18th century. He painted quickly, and the works of his maturity are characterised by a light palette and easy strokes. Despite being a prolific portrait painter, Gainsborough gained greater satisfaction from his landscapes. He is credited (with Richard Wilson) as the originator of the 18th-century British landscape school. Gainsborough was a founding member of the Royal Academy.
James River Squadron
The James River Squadron was formed shortly after the secession of Virginia during the American Civil War. The squadron was part of the Virginia Navy before being transferred to the Confederate States Navy. The squadron is most notable for its role in patrolling the James River, which was the main water approach to the Confederate capital, Richmond. It had two phases: early war, when it consisted mostly of wooden ships (besides the famous CSS Virginia) which ended with the  Battle of Drewry's Bluff on May 15, 1862; and its later ironclad composition with the flagship CSS Virginia II.

Virginia State Navy
A Virginia State Navy (or Virginia Navy) existed twice.  During the American Revolutionary War, the provisional government of the Virginia Colony authorized the purchase, outfitting, and manning  of armed vessels to protect the colony's waters from threats posed it by the Royal Navy.

Early in the American Civil War, after the state of Virginia seceded from the Union on April 17, 1861, it briefly had naval forces of its own known as the Virginia State Navy, which existed in tandem to the Provisional Army of Virginia.  Both of these forces had been absorbed by the Confederate States Navy and the Confederate Army by the end of 1861.
Lierde
Lierde (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈliːrdə]) is a municipality located in the Flemish Ardennes, the hilly southern part of the Belgian province of East Flanders in the Denderstreek. The municipality comprises the towns of Deftinge, Hemelveerdegem, Sint-Maria-Lierde and Sint-Martens-Lierde. In 2021, Lierde had a total population of 6,626. The total area is 26.13 km². Lierde borders to Brakel, Zottegem, Herzele and Geraardsbergen. Lierde is known for the Ronde van vlaanderen, a bike race where cyclists climb all the hills of the Flemish Ardennes.

Flemish Ardennes
The Flemish Ardennes (Dutch: Vlaamse Ardennen) is an informal name given to a hilly region in the south of the province of East Flanders, Belgium. Highest summit is the Hotondberg (151 m). Main characteristics of the region are rural hilly landscapes with hilltop bluebell woodlands (Muziekbos, Brakelbos, Kluisbos), windmills and watermills.

The area is distinct and not adjacent to the larger Ardennes, which is further to the south east of the country in Wallonia, France, Germany and Luxembourg.

Among the largest towns in the area are Oudenaarde, Ronse, Zottegem and Geraardsbergen.

Cycling is particularly popular in the Flemish Ardennes. Many major bike races are held here, including a large part of the Tour of Flanders. Most of its toughest climbs (Koppenberg, Taaienberg, Molenberg, Paterberg, Oude Kwaremont, Muur van Geraardsbergen, Eikenberg) and most of its cobblestone-street sections (Paddestraat) are situated in the Flemish Ardennes.
Alaskan Klee Kai
The Alaskan Klee Kai is an American spitz-type breed of dog, developed in the late 20th century as a companion-sized dog resembling the larger Alaskan Malamute and Siberian Husky. It is an energetic, intelligent dog with an appearance that reflects its northern heritage. Bred in three sizes, its weight range is from 5 to 22 pounds as an adult, depending on whether it is a standard, toy, or miniature.

Spitz
The spitz (pronounced [ʃpɪts] ⓘ) is a type of domestic dog including between 50 and 70 breeds depending on classification. There is no precise definition of the type, but most spitz breeds have pricked ears, almond-shaped eyes, a pointed muzzle, a double coat, and a tail that curves over the back. The name derives from the German Spitz(hund), meaning "pointed (dog)", in reference to the shape of the muzzle.

Most of the spitzes seen today originate from the Arctic region or from Siberia. Johann Friedrich Gmelin described the type as Canis pomeranus  in his 1788 revision of Systema Naturae.
Estrada index
In chemical graph theory, the Estrada index is a topological index of protein folding. The index was first defined by Ernesto Estrada as a measure of the degree of folding of a protein, which is represented as a path-graph weighted by the dihedral or torsional angles of the protein backbone. This index of degree of folding has found multiple applications in the study of protein functions and protein-ligand interactions.

The name "Estrada index" was introduced by de la Peña et al. in 2007.

Ernesto Estrada (scientist)
Ernesto Estrada (born 2 May 1966) is a Cuban-Spanish scientist. He has been Senior ARAID Researcher at the Institute of Mathematics and Applications at the University of Zaragoza, Spain since 2019. Before that he was the chair in Complexity Science, and full professor at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics of the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom. He is known by his contributions in different disciplines, including mathematical chemistry and complex network theory.
Old St Stephen's Church, Fylingdales
Old St Stephen's Church is a redundant Anglican church standing on a hillside in Fylingdales, overlooking Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.

Robin Hood's Bay
Robin Hood's Bay is a village in North Yorkshire, England. It is 6 miles (10 km) south of Whitby and 15 miles (24 km) north of Scarborough on the Yorkshire Coast. Robin Hood's Bay is a tourist destination in the North York Moors National Park.

It is an ancient chapelry of Fylingdales in the wapentake of Whitby Strand. It is on the Cleveland Way national trail and also the end point of Wainwright's Coast to Coast route.
Rhabdophloeus
Rhabdophloeus is a genus of beetles in the family Laemophloeidae, containing the following species:

Rhabdophloeus chiriquensis Sharp

Rhabdophloeus concolor Sharp

Rhabdophloeus costatus Grouvelle

Rhabdophloeus dispar Sharp

Rhabdophloeus horni Casey

Laemophloeidae
Laemophloeidae, lined flat bark beetles, is a beetle family in the superfamily Cucujoidea characterized by predominantly dorso-ventrally compressed bodies, head and pronotal discs bordered by ridges or grooves, and inverted male genitalia. Size range of adults is 1–5 mm (0.04–0.2 in) in length. Currently, it contains 40 genera and about 450 species, and is represented on all continents except Antarctica; species richness is greatest in the tropics.
Diversinitidae
Diversinitidae are an extinct family of Chalcid wasps. Three genera are known, all from the early Cenomanian aged Burmese amber. They are distinguished by the presence of multiporous plate sensilla on the first flagellomere in both sexes. They are among the most basal and earliest known members of Chalcidoidea.

Chalcid wasp
Chalcid wasps (/ˈkælsɪd/, from Greek  khalkos 'copper', for their metallic colour) are insects within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, part of the order Hymenoptera. The superfamily contains some 22,500 known species, and an estimated total diversity of more than 500,000 species, meaning the vast majority have yet to be discovered and described. The name "chalcid" is often confused with the name "chalcidid", though the latter refers strictly to one constituent family, the Chalcididae, rather than the superfamily as a whole; accordingly, most recent publications (e.g.,) use the name "chalcidoid" when referring to members of the superfamily.

Most chalcid wasps are parasitoids of other insects, though other life styles are known, with the herbivorous fig wasps acting as pollinators. Various species are used as biological pest control agents or in scientific research.
Karla May
Karla May (born June 12, 1970) is an American politician. She is a member of the Missouri Senate from the 4th district, serving since 2018. She previously represented the 84th district in the Missouri House of Representatives from 2010 to 2018. She is member of the Democratic Party.

Prior to entering politics, May worked for AT&T, also serving as a shop steward of Local 6300 of the Communications Workers of America. She received her bachelor's degree from Saint Louis University in business administration, and a master's degree in education from Lindenwood University.

May challenged and defeated incumbent State Senator Jacob Hummel (4th district) in the 2018 Democratic primary.

May was a candidate for United States Senate and along with December L. Harmon and Mita Biswas was defeated on August 6, 2024, in the Democratic Primary by attorney Lucas Kunce.

In 2025, May was the only Democrat to vote against repealing a 2001 law prohibiting same-sex marriage in Missouri.

Lucas Kunce
Lucas Tyree Kunce (/kuːnts/ KOONTS; born October 6, 1982) is an American attorney, Marine veteran, and politician. He was the Democratic nominee for the 2024 United States Senate election in Missouri, losing to Republican incumbent Josh Hawley.

Before entering politics, Kunce was in the United States Marine Corps. He served a tour in Iraq and two tours in Afghanistan, during which he deployed on special-operations task forces and worked with security services. After returning to the U.S, he joined the Joint Staff of the Pentagon, where he represented the U.S. in arms control negotiations with Russia and NATO. In 2020, he joined the American Economic Liberties Project, where he is the director of national security. As of 2025, he manages a hybrid PAC called Heartland Patriots and has stated he will return to active duty in the Marine Corps.
Ostiano
Ostiano (Brescian: Üstià) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Cremona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,054 and an area of 19.4 square kilometres (7.5 sq mi).

Ostiano borders the following municipalities: Gabbioneta-Binanuova, Gambara, Pessina Cremonese, Pralboino, Seniga, Volongo.

Among the churches in the territory are:

Oratory of the Disciplini

Pieve di San Gaudenzio former abbey church

San Michele Arcangelo parish church

Chiesa di Torricella Romanesque oratory

Pessina Cremonese
Pessina Cremonese (Cremunés: La Pesìna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Cremona.

Pessina Cremonese borders the following municipalities: Cappella de' Picenardi, Gabbioneta-Binanuova, Isola Dovarese, Ostiano, Pescarolo ed Uniti, Torre de' Picenardi, Volongo.
Dropping out
Dropping out refers to leaving high school, college, university or another group for practical reasons, necessities, inability, apathy, or disillusionment with the system from which the individual in question leaves.

At-risk students
An at-risk student is a term used in the United States to describe a student who requires temporary or ongoing intervention in order to succeed academically. At-risk students, sometimes referred to as at-risk youth or at-promise youth, are also adolescents who are less likely to transition successfully into adulthood and achieve economic self-sufficiency. Characteristics of at-risk students include emotional or behavioral problems, truancy, low academic performance, showing a lack of interest for academics, and expressing a disconnection from the school environment. A school's effort to at-risk students is essential. For example, a study showed that 80% to 87% of variables that led to a school's retention are predictable with linear modeling. In January 2020, Governor Gavin Newsom of California changed all references to "at-risk" to "at-promise" in the California Penal Codes.
Sonneratiaceae
Sonneratiaceae were a family of flowering plants placed in the order Myrtales by the Cronquist system. They consisted of two genera, Sonneratia and Duabanga. These are now generally placed in their own monotypic subfamilies of the family Lythraceae, making Sonneratiaceae superfluous.

The family is named for French naturalist Pierre Sonnerat.

Myrtales
The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants in the malvid clade of the rosid group of dicotyledons. Well-known members of Myrtales include: myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, eucalyptus, crape myrtles, henna tree, pomegranate, water caltrop, loosestrifes, cupheas (cigar plants), evening primroses, fuchsias, willowherbs, white mangrove, leadwood tree, African birch, Koster's curse, and velvet tree.
Livingstone graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Livingstone graph is a distance-transitive graph with 266 vertices and 1463 edges. Its intersection array is {11,10,6,1;1,1,5,11}. It is the largest distance-transitive graph with degree 11 and diameter ≤ 4.

Distance-transitive graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a distance-transitive graph is a graph such that, given any two vertices v and w at any distance i, and any other two vertices x and y at the same distance, there is an automorphism of the graph that carries v to x and w to y. Distance-transitive graphs were first defined in 1971 by Norman L. Biggs and D. H. Smith.

A distance-transitive graph is interesting partly because it has a large automorphism group.  Some interesting finite groups are the automorphism groups of distance-transitive graphs, especially of those whose diameter is 2.
Keila KK
Keila Korvpallikool (English: Keila Basketball School) is a basketball team based in Keila, Estonia. The team plays in the Estonian-Latvian Basketball League and the Korvpalli Meistriliiga (KML). Their home arena is the Keila Health Center.

Keila Basket
Keila Basket, also known as Keila Coolbet for sponsorship reasons, is a basketball team based in Keila, Estonia. The team plays in the Estonian-Latvian Basketball League, Korvpalli Meistriliiga (KML) and European North Basketball League (ENBL). Their home arena is the Keila Health Center.
Zhaosu Tianma Airport
Zhaosu Tianma Airport is an airport in Zhaosu County, Ili Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. The construction budget is CN¥636.23 million. Construction for the 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) airport road began in 2017.

The airport will have a 2,800-metre (9,200 ft) runway (class 4C), a 3,000-square-metre (32,000 sq ft) terminal building, and five aircraft parking aprons. It is designed to serve 200,000 passengers and 600 tons of cargo annually by 2025.

The airport opened on January 28, 2022.

Zhaosu County
Zhaosu County (Chinese: 昭苏县), also known as Mongolküre County (from Uyghur: موڭغۇلكۈرە, romanized: Mongghulküre, lit. 'Temple of the Mongols'), is a county in northwestern Xinjiang, China. It is under the administration of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture and shares a border with Kazakhstan's Almaty Region to the west. It covers an area of 10,455 km2 (4,037 sq mi). According to the 2012 census, it had a population of 189,102.