hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vincent Esch
Vincent Jerome Esch, CVO, FRIBA (20 July 1876 – 9 December 1950) was a British architect who worked in India. He is regarded as a pioneer of the Indo-Saracenic architectural style, which developed during the British rule in the Indian subcontinent.

Born in London, he moved to India in 1898, and was appointed assistant engineer on the Bengal Nagpur Railway before setting himself up as an architect in Calcutta.

In 1914, he was invited to Hyderabad by the Nizam, to design some major public buildings. He designed the Kacheguda railway station, the High Court, the City College, and the Osmania General Hospital in Hyderabad. He was in Hyderabad until 1921, then returned to Calcutta. He later returned to England, and died in 1950.

Victoria Memorial, Kolkata
22°32′42″N 88°20′33″E﻿ / ﻿22.5449°N 88.3425°E﻿ / 22.5449; 88.3425
The Victoria Memorial is a large marble monument in the Maidan in Central Kolkata (Calcutta), having its entrance on the Queen's Way. It was built between 1906 and 1921 by the British Raj. It is dedicated to the memory of Queen Victoria, the Empress of India from 1876 to 1901.
The work of construction was entrusted to  Martin & Co. of Calcutta founded by Rajendranath Mukherjee and Thomas Acquin Martin, and work on the superstructure began in 1910.
It is the largest monument to a monarch anywhere in the world. It stands at 26 hectares (64 acres) of gardens and is now a museum under the control of the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. Possessing prominent features of the Indo-Saracenic architecture, it has evolved into one of the most popular attractions in the city.
Maltese people
The Maltese (Maltese: Maltin) people are an ethnic group native to Malta who speak Maltese, a Semitic language descended from Siculo-Arabic with a substantial Romance superstratum, and share a common Maltese history and culture characterised by Latin Catholicism, which remains the state religion. Malta, an island country in the Mediterranean Sea, is an archipelago that also includes an island of the same name together with the islands of Gozo (Maltese: Għawdex) and Comino (Maltese: Kemmuna); people of Gozo, Gozitans (Maltese: Għawdxin) are considered a subgroup of the Maltese.

Culture of Malta
The culture of Malta has been influenced by various societies that have come into contact with the Maltese Islands throughout the centuries, including neighbouring Mediterranean cultures, and the cultures of the nations that ruled Malta for long periods of time prior to its independence in 1964.
Berylwood
Berylwood (also known as the Thomas R. Bard Estate) was the home of Thomas R. Bard, who was influential in the formation of Ventura County as a landowner, entrepreneur, and politician. Located in Port Hueneme, California within Naval Base Ventura County, the estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.  The listing included six contributing buildings, two other contributing structures, and two contributing sites.

The Bard Mansion was designed by Myron Hunt for the Bard family's 62-acre (250,000 m2) estate. The property was leased by the Navy during World War II and acquired by the government in 1951.  The mansion is used as a conference center.

Myron Hunt
Myron Hubbard Hunt (February 27, 1868 – May 26, 1952) was an American architect whose numerous projects include many noted landmarks in Southern California and Evanston, Illinois. Hunt was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects in 1908.
Federation Walk Coastal Reserve
The Federation Walk Coastal Reserve is a reserve comprising the eastern part of The Spit on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The reserve was opened on 22 June 2003, and is approximately 93 hectares in size. The area supports a subtle mix of habitats including littoral rainforest, native grasslands, and pockets of wetlands. The Federation Walk track goes throughout the reserve.

Federation Walk
Federation Walk is a 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) pedestrian walkway on the Queensland Gold Coast.  It is operated as a community project that was launched through efforts of the Main Beach Progress Association and the Friends of Federation Walk to celebrate the Centenary of the Federation of Australia in 2001. It is located at the northern end of the Gold Coast Oceanway on the Southport Spit, Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia.
Joe Louis Greenway
42°21′31″N 83°08′52″W﻿ / ﻿42.35861°N 83.14778°W﻿ / 42.35861; -83.14778

The Joe Louis Greenway is a 27.5-mile (44 km) urban greenway in Detroit, Michigan, designed to connect neighborhoods, parks, commercial corridors, and public spaces. Named after heavyweight boxing champion Joe Louis, a Detroit native, the Greenway is intended to support walking, biking, transit use, and other non-motorized forms of transportation while promoting equity, economic development, and environmental sustainability.

Joe Louis
Joseph Louis Barrow (May 13, 1914 – April 12, 1981) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1934 to 1951. Nicknamed "the Brown Bomber", Louis is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential boxers of all time. He reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1937 until his temporary retirement in 1949. He was victorious in 25 consecutive title defenses, a record for all weight classes. Louis has the longest single reign as champion of any boxer in history.

Louis's cultural impact was felt well outside the ring. He is widely regarded as the first African-American to achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States, and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to and during World War II because of his historic rematch with German boxer Max Schmeling in 1938.
IBM Generalized Markup Language
Generalized Markup Language (GML) is a set of macros that implement intent-based (procedural) markup tags for the IBM text formatter, SCRIPT.  SCRIPT/VS is the main component of IBM's Document Composition Facility (DCF). A starter set of tags in GML is provided with the DCF product.

Standard Generalized Markup Language
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates":

Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments.

Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases.

DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools.
Tostón Lighthouse
The Tostón Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro de Tostón) or El Cotillo Lighthouse is an active lighthouse on the Canary island of Fuerteventura. The lighthouse is situated on the northwestern coast of the island near to the village of El Cotillo, in the municipality of La Oliva. In conjunction with the lights at Pechiguera and Punta Martiño, it marks the narrow La Bocayna strait that separates Fuerteventura from the adjacent island of Lanzarote.

Punta Martiño Lighthouse
The Punta Martiño Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro de Punta Martiño) is an active lighthouse on the Canary island of Lobos, near Fuerteventura in the municipality of La Oliva.

The lighthouse is situated on a hill at the north-eastern end of the island, and along with the other lights at Pechiguera and Tostón, marks the La Bocayna strait that separates Lanzarote from Fuerteventura.
Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane
Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, also known as D3 and D3, is the organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]3. It is a colorless or white volatile solid. It finds limited use in organic chemistry. The larger tetrameric and pentameric siloxanes, respectively octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, are of significant industrial interest, whereas 1,000–10,000 tonnes per year of the trimer is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.

Siloxane
In organosilicon chemistry, a siloxane is an  organic compound containing a functional group of two silicon atoms bound to an oxygen atom:  Si−O−Si.  The parent siloxanes include the oligomeric and polymeric hydrides with the formulae H[OSiH2]nOH and [OSiH2]n. Siloxanes also include branched compounds, the defining feature of which is that each pair of silicon centres is separated by one oxygen  atom. The siloxane functional group forms the backbone of silicones [−R2Si−O−SiR2−]n, the premier example of which is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).  The functional group R3SiO− (where the three Rs may be different) is called siloxy. Siloxanes are manmade and have many commercial and industrial applications because of the compounds’ hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity, and high flexibility.
Military history of South Africa
The military history of South Africa chronicles a vast time period and complex events from the dawn of history until the present time. It covers civil wars and wars of aggression and of self-defense both within South Africa and against it. It includes the history of battles fought in the territories of modern South Africa in neighbouring territories, in both world wars and in modern international conflicts.

South African Defence Force
The South African Defence Force (SADF) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1957 until 1994. Shortly before the state reconstituted itself as a republic in 1961, the former Union Defence Force was officially succeeded by the SADF, which was established by the Defence Act (No. 44) of 1957. The SADF, in turn, was superseded by the South African National Defence Force in 1994.
Thurston, Suffolk
Thurston is a village and a parish in Suffolk situated about 4 miles (6 km) east of Bury St Edmunds and 10 miles (16 km) west of Stowmarket.

In mid-2005, Thurston's estimated population was 3,260, making it one of the larger communities in the area, falling slightly to 3,232 at the 2011 Census.

Thurston railway station opened in 1846 and is still operating today. The village also has a frequent bus service to neighbouring towns, including Bury St Edmunds. The village is located under 2 miles (3 km) from the A14 and under 40 miles (64 km) from the M11 motorway.

Bury St Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds (/ˈbɛri sənt ˈɛdməndz/), commonly referred to locally as Bury, is a cathedral as well as market town and civil parish in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is best known for Bury St Edmunds Abbey and St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting (Greene King brewery) and for a British Sugar processing factory, where Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The built up area had a population of 41,280 at the 2021 census.
Bartholomew Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere
Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere (18 August 1275 – 14 April 1322) was an English soldier, diplomat, member of parliament, landowner and nobleman. He was the son and heir of Sir Gunselm de Badlesmere (died ca. 1301) and Joan FitzBernard. He fought in the English army both in France and Scotland during the later years of the reign of Edward I of England and the earlier part of the reign of Edward II of England. He was executed after participating in an unsuccessful rebellion led by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster.

Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford
Humphrey (VII) de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (c. 1276 – 16 March 1322) was a member of a powerful Anglo-Norman family of the Welsh Marches and was one of the Ordainers who opposed Edward II's excesses.
Tanintharyi Region
Tanintharyi Region, formerly Tenasserim Division and Tanintharyi Division, is a region of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the northern Malay Peninsula, reaching to the Kra Isthmus. It borders the Andaman Sea to the west and the Tenasserim Hills, beyond which lie Thailand, to the east. To the north is the Mon State. There are many islands off the coast, the large Mergui Archipelago in the southern and central coastal areas and the smaller Moscos Islands off the northern shores. The capital of the division is Dawei (Tavoy). Other important cities include Myeik (Mergui) and Kawthaung. The division covers an area of 43,344.9 square kilometres (16,735.6 sq mi), and had a population of 1,406,434 at the 2014 Census.

Moscos Islands
The Moscos Islands are an island chain in the Andaman Sea off the northern coast of the Tanintharyi Region of southern Myanmar.

The islands are administered from the Dawei District of the Taninthayi Division. No tourism is allowed on any of the islands.
2001 World Championships in Athletics
The 8th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada between 3 and 12 August 2001 and was the first time the event had visited North America. The music for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies was composed by Canadian composers Jan Randall and Cassius Khan. The ceremonies also featured a thousand-strong voice choir, and the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra.

Edmonton defeated bids from Paris, France (which hosted the next edition) and the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States to host the event. Edmonton had previously hosted the 1978 Commonwealth Games and the 1983 Summer Universiade.

1997 World Championships in Athletics
The 6th World Championships in Athletics (Greek: Παγκόσμιο Πρωτάθλημα Στίβου 1997), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletic Federations, were held at the Olympic Stadium, Athens, Greece between 1 and 10 August 1997. 1,882 athletes from 198 participant nations participated in this event.

It was the first edition to award wild cards to defending champions even if they did not qualify for their national team. This allowed four athletes from the same country to compete in an individual event in some cases.
Publicly Available Specification
A Publicly Available Specification or PAS is a standardization document that closely resembles a formal standard in structure and format but which has a different development model. The objective of a Publicly Available Specification is to speed up standardization. PASs are often produced in response to an urgent market need.

BSI Group
The British Standards Institution (BSI) is the national standards body of the United Kingdom. BSI produces technical standards on a wide range of products and services and also supplies standards certification services for business and personnel.
Pandiagonal magic square
A pandiagonal magic square or panmagic square (also diabolic square, diabolical square or diabolical magic square) is a magic square with the additional property that the broken diagonals, i.e. the diagonals that wrap round at the edges of the square, also add up to the magic constant.

A pandiagonal magic square remains pandiagonally magic not only under rotation or reflection, but also if a row or column is moved from one side of the square to the opposite side.  As such, an  pandiagonal magic square can be regarded as having  orientations.

Broken diagonal
In recreational mathematics and the theory of magic squares, a broken diagonal is a set of n cells forming two parallel diagonal lines in the square. Alternatively, these two lines can be thought of as wrapping around the boundaries of the square to form a single sequence.
The Family (2008 TV series)
The Family is a British fly-on-the-wall documentary series that aired from 17 September 2008 to 22 December 2010 on Channel 4. Each series follows a chosen family, consisting of parents and their children. The project aim was to gain a picture of everyday family life in the United Kingdom, as film-maker and director Jonathan Smith attempted to "condense four months of ordinary family life into eight films". The series is a revival of the original series of the same name that first aired in 1974.

The Family (1974 TV series)
The Family is a 1974 BBC television series made by producer Paul Watson, and directed by Franc Roddam. It is a fly-on-the-wall documentary series, seen by many as the precursor to reality television. It is similar to an American documentary which had aired the previous year (but which had been filmed in 1971), called An American Family.

The series follows the Reading-based working class Wilkins family of six, headed by Margaret and Terry, through their daily lives, warts and all. It culminates in the marriage of one of the daughters, which was plagued by fans and paparazzi alike.

The show was the basis for two parodies: Monty Python's Flying Circus, in their last episode, which aired on 5 December 1974, featured a sketch called "The Most Awful Family in Britain 1974"; and Benny Hill, on one of his 1975 specials, did a takeoff called "That Family".
Emanuel Leutze
Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (May 24, 1816 – July 18, 1868) was a German-born American history painter, best known for his 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

Düsseldorf School of painting
The Düsseldorf School of painting is a term referring to a group of painters who taught or studied at the Düsseldorf Academy (now the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf or Düsseldorf State Art Academy) roughly between 1819 and 1918, first directed by the painter Wilhelm von Schadow.
Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii
The Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii (Japanese: 本派本願寺ハワイ別院, Honpa Honganji Hawai Betsuin) is a district of the Nishi (West) Hongwanji branch of Jodo Shinshu Buddhism, a school of Mahayana Pure Land Buddhism.

Buddhist Churches of America
The Buddhist Churches of America (abbreviated as BCA in English, 米国仏教団 or Beikoku Bukkyōdan in Japanese) is the United States branch of the Nishi Honganji subsect of Jōdo Shinshū ("True Pure Land School") Buddhism.

The BCA headquarters is at 1710 Octavia Street, San Francisco, and currently under the leadership of Terri Omori, its first female president. It is the oldest Buddhist organization in the continental United States.
Nanshi railway station
Nanshi (Chinese: 南勢車站; Hanyu Pinyin: Nánshì Chēzhàn; Tongyong Pinyin: Nánshìh Chejhàn) is a railway station on the Taiwan Railway West Coast line (Mountain line) located in Miaoli City, Miaoli County, Taiwan.

Miaoli
Miaoli City (Wade–Giles: Miao²-li⁴-shih⁴; Hakka PFS: Mèu-li̍t-sṳ; Hokkien POJ: Biâu-le̍k-chhī or Miâu-le̍k-chhī; Japanese Byōritsushi) is a county-administered city and the county seat of Miaoli County, Taiwan. Miaoli has a relatively high percentage of Hakka people. It had the  second highest residential price and the highest commercial price for land in Miaoli County as of 2004, at NT$28,601 per square meter and NT$63,317 per square meter, respectively.
Panton Corbett
Panton Corbett (c. March 1785 – 22 November 1855) was an English Tory politician from Shropshire.

His family was a branch of the Norman Corbet family of Caus. Panton Corbett lived at Longnor Hall in Shropshire and Leighton Hall in Montgomeryshire.

He was elected at the 1820 general election as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Shrewsbury, having contested the seat unsuccessfully at a by-election in May 1819. He was re-elected in 1826, but was defeated at the 1830 general election.

He was High Sheriff of Shropshire in 1849.

His oldest surviving son Edward Corbett (1817–1895) was MP for South Shropshire from 1868 to 1877.

Edward Corbett (politician)
Colonel Edward Corbett (30 December 1817 – 6 January 1895) was a British land-owner and Conservative Party politician from an old Norman family in Shropshire. He held a seat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1877.
ČEZ Stadion
ČEZ Stadion is an indoor sporting arena located in Kladno, Czech Republic. The capacity of the arena is 5,200 people. It is currently home to the Rytíři Kladno ice hockey team. The arena, which is owned by the city of Kladno, opened in 1949, and the roof was completed in 1959.

Rytíři Kladno
Rytíři Kladno (English: Kladno Knights) is a Czech professional ice hockey team based in the city of Kladno. They are currently a member of the Czech Extraliga. The team president and owner is Jaromír Jágr, a former NHL player, who is currently playing in home games for the team in addition to his ownership and administrative roles. The team plays its home games at ČEZ Stadion.
Echinopsis albispinosa
Echinopsis albispinosa is a species of cactus from Argentina. Although Echinopsis sylvestrii is a synonym of this species, it should not be confused with Chamaecereus silvestrii, which has a very different appearance.

Echinopsis chamaecereus
Echinopsis chamaecereus is a species of cactus from northwestern Argentina and Bolivia. Synonyms include Chamaecereus silvestrii. It has been called the peanut cactus. This plant should not be confused with Echinopsis silvestrii, a synonym of Echinopsis albispinosa, a species with a very different appearance.
Ukrainian Pontifical College of Saint Josaphat
The Ukrainian Pontifical College of Saint Josaphat is a Pontifical College in Rome, for seminarians and priests of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. Its patron saint is Josaphat Kuntsevych. It also includes the church of San Giosafat al Gianicolo, one of Ukraine's national churches in Rome.

Roman Colleges
The Roman Colleges, also referred to as the Pontifical Colleges in Rome, are seminary institutions established and maintained in Rome for the education of future ecclesiastics of the Catholic Church. Many of the colleges have traditionally taken students from particular national or ethnic groups, those from particular regions in Italy, and those from the various Eastern Catholic churches. The colleges are halls of residence in which the students follow the usual seminary exercises of piety, study in private, and review the subjects treated in class.

In some colleges there are special courses of instruction (languages, music, archaeology, etc.) but the regular courses in philosophy and theology are given in a few large central institutions, such as Pontifical Urbaniana University, the Pontifical Gregorian University, the Pontifical Lateran University, and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, known as the Angelicum.
Jacques Alexandre Le Tenneur
Jacques-Alexandre Le Tenneur (1604—1659) was a French mathematician who defended Galileo Galilei’s ideas. He corresponded with fellow mathematicians such as Pierre Gassendi,  Pierre Hérigone and Marin Mersenne. It is unclear when or where he died but he probably lived from 1610 to 1660.

Marin Mersenne
Marin Mersenne, OM (also known as Marinus Mersennus or le Père Mersenne; French: [maʁɛ̃ mɛʁsɛn]; 8 September 1588 – 1 September 1648) was a French polymath whose works touched a wide variety of fields.  He is perhaps best known today among mathematicians for Mersenne prime numbers, those written in the form Mn = 2n − 1 for some integer n.  He also developed Mersenne's laws, which describe the harmonics of a vibrating string (such as may be found on guitars and pianos), and his seminal work on music theory, Harmonie universelle, for which he is referred to as the "father of acoustics".

Mersenne, an ordained Catholic priest, had many contacts in the scientific world and has been called "the center of the world of science and mathematics during the first half of the 1600s" and, because of his ability to make connections between people and ideas, "the post-box of Europe".  He was also a member of the ascetical Minim religious order and wrote and lectured on theology and philosophy.