hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sub-Cambrian peneplain
The sub-Cambrian peneplain is an ancient, extremely flat, erosion surface (peneplain) that has been exhumed and exposed by erosion from under Cambrian strata over large swathes of Fennoscandia. Eastward, where this peneplain dips below Cambrian and other Lower Paleozoic cover rocks. The exposed parts of this peneplain are extraordinarily flat with relief of less than 20 m. The overlying cover rocks demonstrate that the peneplain was flooded by shallow seas during the Early Paleozoic.
Being the oldest identifiable peneplain in its area the Sub-Cambrian peneplain qualifies as a primary peneplain.

The surface was first identified by Arvid Högbom in a 1910 publication, with Sten Rudberg publishing the first extensive map in 1954. This mapping has been improved upon by Karna Lidmar-Bergström since the 1980s.

Peneplain
In geomorphology and geology, a peneplain is a low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion. This is the definition in the broadest of terms, albeit with frequency the usage of peneplain is meant to imply the representation of a near-final (or penultimate) stage of fluvial erosion during times of extended tectonic stability. Peneplains are sometimes associated with the cycle of erosion theory of William Morris Davis, but Davis and other researchers have also used the term in a purely descriptive manner without any theory or particular genesis attached.
Sergei Bessonov
Sergei Alexeyevich Bessonov (Russian: Серге́й Алексе́евич Бессо́нов; 6 August 1892  – 11 September 1941) was a Soviet state, public and party activist and diplomat. He was one of the defendants in the Case of the Anti-Soviet "Bloc of Rightists and Trotskyites" of 2–13 March 1938. He was one of only three defendants who did not receive the death penalty. Sentenced to 15 years in prison, he was extrajudicially executed by the NKVD during Operation Barbarossa of the Eastern Front of World War II alongside Olga Kameneva, Christian Rakovsky, and Maria Spiridonova in Oryol Oblast.

Case of the Anti-Soviet "Bloc of Rightists and Trotskyites"
The Case of the Anti-Soviet "Bloc of Rightists and Trotskyites" (or "Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites"; Russian: Процесс антисоветского «право-троцкистского блока»), also known as the Trial of the Twenty-One, was the last of the three public Moscow trials charging prominent Bolsheviks with espionage and treason. The Trial of the Twenty-One took place in Moscow in March 1938, towards the end of the Soviet Great Purge. The accused were tortured to extract confessions and publicly admitted their guilt during the show trial. Most of the accused, including Nikolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov and Genrikh Yagoda, were convicted, and sentenced to death. All charges are considered fabricated except those against NKVD chief Genrikh Yagoda of poisoning Valerian Kuybyshev, Vyacheslav Menzhinsky, and Maxim Gorky; Yagoda might indeed have conducted the poisoning with the assistance of "Kremlin's doctors" Pletnyov and Lev Levin, but they did it on the orders from Stalin himself.
Ettore Sottsass
Ettore Sottsass (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛttore sotˈsas]; 14 September 1917 – 31 December 2007) was an Italian architect and product designer. He was known for his designs of furniture, jewelry, glass, lighting, homeware and office supplies. He also worked on numerous buildings and interiors, often defined by bold colours.

Esprit Holdings
Esprit Holdings Limited (Chinese: 思捷環球控股有限公司) is a global publicly traded retail company incorporated in Bermuda, with headquarters in North Point, Hong Kong, and further major locations in Ratingen, Germany; Amsterdam, Netherlands; and New York City.
The company offers an assortment of clothing, accessories, footwear, jewelry, and housewares under the Esprit label.

Esprit operates in more than 30 markets in Europe, Asia and America. It has about 20 partner stores in Southeast Asia and about 50 in Latin America. In Europe, the brand has 160 retail stores and approximately 400 franchise stores. They also have two pop-up stores in the United States in Los Angeles and New York.
McCartney Library
McCartney Library is an academic library located on the campus of Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, United States.  The building is named after the influential evangelical minister Dr. Clarence E. Macartney who grew up in Fern Cliffe House when the college moved to Beaver Falls in 1880.

Today, the library consists of more than 400,000 items available to students and professors as well as surrounding community members.  There is an online database for the library, and also an online catalog called "MacCat". The library includes a newly refurbished media center located on the ground floor and also houses collections of books about the college and the history of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America, along with many other sources in the Covenanter Collection, the Geneva Author Collection, and Dr. Macartney's private collection; developed over the 160-year history of Geneva College.

Geneva College
Geneva College is a private Christian college in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1848 in Northwood, Ohio, the college moved to its present location in 1880. It enrolls about 1,400 undergraduates in over 30 majors, as well as graduate students in a handful of master's programs. The undergraduate curriculum emphasizes the humanities and the formation of a Reformed Christian worldview. It is the only undergraduate institution affiliated with the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America.
Petrapole
Petrapole is the Indian side of Petrapole-Benapole border checkpoint between India and Benapole of Bangladesh, on the Bangladesh-India border, near Bongaon in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal. Petrapole  border is the only land port in south Bengal. It is also the largest land customs station in Asia.

North 24 Parganas district
North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east.  Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.
Chemrec
Chemrec AB (Chemrec) English: /ˈkɛmrɛk/ is a Stockholm, Sweden-based company that has worked on the development of black liquor gasification (BLG) technology for energy and chemicals recovery at pulp mills.

The company's process for gasification of black liquor from the chemical pulp industry is claimed to increase the yield of high-value energy products from 15 to 16% in modern recovery boilers to 22–23% for the BLG electricity concept (BLGCC) or to 55% for the BLG bio fuel concept (BLGMF), with 90+% green-house gas reduction. Low-cost, low-grade and abundant biomass energy then needs to be brought to the mill for a feed-stock swap to replace the gasified black liquor as feed-stock for production of steam and electricity in a biomass boiler, resulting in a total yield from added biomass to bio fuels of 70% for the BLGMF concept.

Sulfite process
The sulfite process produces wood pulp that is almost pure cellulose fibers by treating wood chips with solutions of sulfite and bisulfite ions.  These chemicals cleave the bonds between the cellulose and lignin components of the lignocellulose.  A variety of sulfite/bisulfite salts are used, including  sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), and ammonium (NH4+).  The lignin is converted to lignosulfonates, which are soluble and can be separated from the cellulose fibers.  For the production of cellulose, the sulfite process competes with the Kraft process which produces stronger fibers and is less environmentally costly.
Molkenmarkt
Molkenmarkt (literally: "whey market") is the oldest square in Berlin. It is located in the Alt-Berlin quarter of the Mitte district, in the historic centre of the city. With approximately 9,200 square metres (11,000 sq yd) in size, it is today a major traffic junction, dominated by the large Altes Stadthaus administrative building on its southeastern side.

Mitte (locality)
Mitte (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪtə] ⓘ; German for "middle" or "center") is a central section (Ortsteil) of Berlin, Germany, in the eponymous borough (Bezirk) of Mitte. Until 2001, it was itself an autonomous district.

Mitte proper comprises the historic center of Old Berlin, with the  medieval churches of  St. Nicholas and St. Mary, the Museum Island, city buildings (Rotes Rathaus and Altes Stadthaus), the Fernsehturm, and the Brandenburg Gate, along the central boulevard of Unter den Linden. For these reasons, Mitte is considered the "heart" of Berlin.
European route E45
European route E45 connects Norway and Italy, through Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Austria. With a length of about 5,190 kilometres (3,225 mi), it is the longest north–south European route (some east–west routes are longer).

The route passes through Alta (Norway) – Kautokeino – Hetta (Finland) – Palojoensuu – Kaaresuvanto – Gällivare (Sweden) – Porjus – Jokkmokk – Arvidsjaur – Östersund – Mora – Säffle – Åmål – Brålanda – Gothenburg ... Frederikshavn (Denmark) – Aalborg – Randers – Aarhus – Skanderborg – Vejle – Kolding – Frøslev – Flensburg (Germany) – Hamburg – Hanover – Hildesheim – Göttingen – Kassel – Fulda – Würzburg – Nuremberg – Munich – Rosenheim – Wörgl (Austria) – Innsbruck – Brenner – Fortezza (Italy) – Bolzano – Trento – Verona – Modena – Bologna – Cesena – Perugia – Fiano Romano – Naples – Salerno – Sicignano – Cosenza – Villa San Giovanni ... Messina – Catania – Siracusa – Gela.

International E-road network
The International E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe, Central Asia and Asia Minor, developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and signposted on a green background. Its roads cross national borders, consisting of three types of roads: highways, limited access roads, and ordinary roads (as defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1).

The display of European roads on signs depend on jurisdiction. In most countries, the roads carry the European route designation alongside national designations. However, Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Sweden have integrated them as their sole route designations (examples: E18 and E6) in most cases. Some places, such as the United Kingdom and Albania do not show the European designations at all.

Other continents have similar international road networks, e.g., the Pan-American Highway in the Americas, the Trans-African Highway network, and the Asian Highway Network.
Swiss National Library
The Swiss National Library  (German: Schweizerische Nationalbibliothek, French: Bibliothèque nationale suisse, Italian: Biblioteca nazionale svizzera, Romansh: Biblioteca naziunala svizra) is the national library of Switzerland. Part of the Federal Office of Culture, it is charged with collecting, cataloging and conserving information in all fields, disciplines, and media connected with Switzerland, as well as ensuring the widest possible accessibility and dissemination of such data.

The Swiss National Library is intended to be open to all and, by the breadth and scope of its collection, aims to reflect the plurality and diversity of Swiss culture. It is a heritage site of national significance.

Federal Office of Culture
The Federal Office of Culture (FOC) is an administrative unit of the Federal Department of Home Affairs, based in Bern, Switzerland. The agency has two extensive areas of responsibility:  promoting Swiss culture and preserving the country’s cultural heritage. In 2014, its total budget was close to 170 million francs.
The FOC promotes culture in the fields of literature, theatre, dance, music, film, the visual arts and design. It helps preserve the cultural heritage by supporting the protection of monuments and archeological research, and it also maintains valuable collections, libraries, archives, and museums.

From 2005 to 2013, Jean-Frédéric Jauslin was director of the Federal Office of Culture. He was succeeded by Isabelle Chassot, who directed the office from 2013 to 2021. In 2022, Carine Bachmann became the director of the Office.
Katoomba Post Office
The Katoomba Post Office is a heritage-listed former post office and now retail building at 59–61 Katoomba Street, Katoomba, City of Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by NSW Government Architect's office. It is also known as Katoomba Post Office (former). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 December 2000.

Katoomba
Katoomba is the main town and council seat of the City of Blue Mountains in New South Wales, Australia, and is the administrative centre of Blue Mountains City Council.

Situated on the Great Western Highway and the Great Western Railway, Katoomba is home to the Three Sisters, 102 km (63 mi) by road west of Sydney Central Business District and 39 km (24 mi) south-east of Lithgow. Katoomba railway station serves the town. Katoomba is located on the lands of the Dharug and Gundungurra Aboriginal peoples.

Katoomba is a base for bush and nature walks in the surrounding Blue Mountains. At the 2021 census, Katoomba had a population of 8,268 people.
Lot 54, Prince Edward Island
Lot 54 is a township in Kings County, Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is part of St. George's Parish. In the 1767 land lottery, Lot 54 was awarded to Robert Adair, surgeon to King George III of the United Kingdom.

St. George's Parish, Prince Edward Island
St. George's Parish was created as a civil parish in Kings County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, during the 1764–1766 survey of Samuel Holland.

It contains the following townships:

Lot 51

Lot 52

Lot 53

Lot 54

Lot 55

Lot 56

Lot 66

It also contains Kings Royalty.
Arado Ar 231
The Arado Ar 231 was a lightweight floatplane, developed during World War II in Nazi Germany as a scout plane for submarines by Arado. The need to be stored inside the submarine necessitated compromises in design that made this single-seat seaplane of little practical use.

Arado Flugzeugwerke
Arado Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturer, originally established as the Warnemünde factory of the Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen firm, which produced land-based military aircraft and seaplanes during the First and Second World Wars.
Darko Dimitrov
Darko Dimitrov (Macedonian: Дарко Димитров [ˈdarkɔ ˈdimitrɔf] ⓘ; born 21 January 1973) is a Macedonian songwriter, record producer, arranger and record executive. Highly acclaimed for revitalising the Yugoslav mainstream pop music scene, which also influenced the surrounding Balkan countries, he has received international recognition for working with many popular foreign artists.

Elena Risteska
Elena Risteska (Macedonian: Елена Ристеска, [ɛ'lɛna ri'stɛska] ⓘ; born 27 April 1986), sometimes known as simply Elena, is a Macedonian singer. She represented Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 in Athens with the song "Ninanajna", and finished in 12th place; this was the highest ever finish for the country until Risteska's record was beaten in 2019.

Risteska is also an occasional songwriter, writing for artists such as 4Play, Lambe Alabakoski, and Aleksandra Pileva.

She took part in the second season of the Serbian version of Your Face Sounds Familiar, where she placed second in the final as Beyoncé.
Sai Kung West Country Park (Wan Tsai Extension)
Sai Kung West Country Park (Wan Tsai Extension) (Chinese: 西貢西郊野公園 (灣仔擴建部份)) is a 1.23 square kilometres (0.47 sq mi) country park on the Sai Kung Peninsula in northeast Hong Kong. Opened in 1996, the park's sights include:

Wan Tsai

Ocean Point

Wan Tsai
Wan Tsai (Chinese: 灣仔; Sidney Lau: Waan1 Jai2) is a peninsula at the northern extremity of the north-western Sai Kung Peninsula, Hong Kong, with Hoi Ha Wan to its west and Long Harbour on its east. Grass Island lies east of the peninsula.
Airports of Serbia
Airports of Serbia (Serbian: Аеродроми Србије, romanized: Aerodromi Srbije) is a Serbian state-owned company, which owns and operates five airports in Serbia. It has its head office at Niš Constantine the Great Airport in the city of Niš, Serbia.

This state-owned Public Enterprise was formed on 2nd of February 2016, by the Government of Serbia. The main tasks of the company is management, development and maintenance of the airport infrastructure in Serbia and region. Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport is the only major airport in Serbia that is not operated by the Airports of Serbia. It is operated by French conglomerate Vinci Airports. The planned Trebinje Airport in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be the first airport outside of Serbia, owned and operated by the Airports of Serbia. The main goal is that all airports, except Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, become a part of the Airports of Serbia, for easier and more efficient management.

Niš Constantine the Great Airport
Niš Constantine the Great Airport (Serbian: Аеродром Константин Велики Ниш/Aerodrom Konstantin Veliki Niš) (IATA: INI, ICAO: LYNI), located 4 km (2.5 mi) northwest of downtown Niš, in the suburbs of Medoševac and Popovac. It is the second-largest and second-busiest airport in Serbia, after Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport. Niš Air Base (Serbian Air Force and Air Defence), the Serbian-Russian Emergency Response Center, and the Center for Aerial Firefighting Duties, are all located on the site of the airport.

It is named after the Roman emperor, who was born in Naissus (now Niš), Constantine the Great.
Shinjuku
Shinjuku (Japanese: 新宿区, Hepburn: Shinjuku-ku; IPA: [ɕiɲdʑɯkɯ] ⓘ), officially called Shinjuku City, is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

Since the end of World War II, Shinjuku has become a major secondary center of Tokyo (fukutoshin), rivaling the original city center in Marunouchi. Today, it is a major commercial and administrative center, housing the busiest railway station in the world (Shinjuku Station) as well as the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administrative center of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

As of 2025, the ward has an estimated population of 355,981, living in a total area of 18.23 km2.

Nishi-waseda Station
Nishi-waseda Station (西早稲田駅, Nishi-waseda-eki; lit. "West Waseda Station") is a subway station on the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line, in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro. Its station number is F-11. The station opened on June 14, 2008. This station is directly connected to Nishiwaseda Campus of Waseda University in Shinjuku, Tokyo.
Perry Ellis
Perry Edwin Ellis (March 3, 1940 – May 30, 1986) was an American fashion designer who founded his eponymous sportswear house in the mid-1970s. Ellis's influence on the fashion industry has been called "a huge turning point" because he introduced new patterns and proportions to a market which was dominated by more traditional men's clothing.

Kenzō Takada
Kenzō Takada (高田 賢三, Takada Kenzō; [takada kenꜜzoː]; 27 February 1939 – 4 October 2020) was a Japanese–French fashion designer living in France. He founded Kenzo, a worldwide clothing brand that also markets skincare and perfumes.  Takada was the honorary president of the Asian Couture Federation.
John Stewart Kennedy
John Stewart Kennedy (January 4, 1830 – October 30, 1909) was a Scottish-born American businessman, financier and philanthropist. He was a member of the Jekyll Island Club (also known as The Millionaires' Club) on Jekyll Island, Georgia along with J.P. Morgan and William Rockefeller among others.

Manhattan Company
The Manhattan Company was a New York bank and holding company established on September 1, 1799. The company merged with Chase National Bank in 1955 to form the Chase Manhattan Bank. It is the oldest of the predecessor institutions that eventually formed the current JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Adrián (footballer)
Adrián San Miguel del Castillo (born 3 January 1987), known as Adrián, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for La Liga club Real Betis.

Adrián began his career playing with Spanish side Real Betis, initially with the club's youth sides, before making his debut with the first team in 2012; he also had spells on loan with Alcalá and Utrera during this period. In 2013, he moved to England, joining West Ham United. After his release from West Ham, he signed with Liverpool in 2019, winning a Premier League title in his first season.

2019 UEFA Super Cup
The 2019 UEFA Super Cup was the 44th edition of the UEFA Super Cup, an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The match featured two English sides, Liverpool, the winners of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, and Chelsea, the winners of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League. The match was played at Vodafone Park in Istanbul, Turkey on 14 August 2019. The match was the first all-English UEFA Super Cup, and the eighth overall Super Cup to feature two teams from the same country. For the first time, the video assistant referee (VAR) system was used in the competition.

Liverpool won the match 5–4 on penalties following a 2–2 draw after extra time for their fourth UEFA Super Cup title. As winners, Liverpool were rewarded £4 million in prize money.
Swains Island
Swains Island (/ˈsweɪnz/; Tokelauan: Olohega Tokelauan pronunciation: [oloˈhɛŋa] ⓘ; Samoan: Olosega Samoan pronunciation: [oloˈsɛŋa] ⓘ), also known as Jennings Island, is a remote coral atoll in the Tokelau volcanic island group in the South Pacific Ocean. Administered as part of American Samoa since 1925, the island is subject to an ongoing territorial dispute between Tokelau and the United States.

Privately owned by the family of Eli Hutchinson Jennings since 1856, Swains Island was used as a copra plantation until 1967. It has not been permanently inhabited since 2008, but continues to be visited by members of the Jennings family, scientific researchers, and amateur radio operators.

The island is located 180 km (97 nmi; 112 mi) south of Fakaofo (Tokelau) and 300 km (162 nmi; 186 mi) north of Savai‘i (Samoa). The land area is 2.43 km2 (0.94 sq mi), and the total area including the lagoon is 3.5 km2 (1.4 sq mi).

American Samoa Fono
The  American Samoa Fono is the territorial legislature of American Samoa. Like most states and territorial legislatures of the United States, it is a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives and a Senate. The legislature is located in Fagatogo along Pago Pago harbor.

It is the only legislature on the state or territorial level in the United States that is both bicameral and nonpartisan. The Nebraska Legislature is similarly nonpartisan yet is a unicameral body.
Cultural references to absinthe
The legacy of absinthe as a mysterious, addictive, and mind-altering drink continues to this day. Though its psychoactive effects and chemical makeup are contested, its cultural impact is not. Absinthe has played a notable role in the fine art movements of Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Surrealism, Modernism, Cubism and in the corresponding literary movements. The legendary drink has more recently appeared in movies, video, television, music, and contemporary literature. The modern absinthe revival has had a notable effect on its portrayal. It is often shown as an unnaturally glowing green liquid demonstrating the influence of contemporary marketing efforts.

L'Absinthe
L'Absinthe (English: The Absinthe Drinker or Glass of Absinthe) is a painting by Edgar Degas, painted between 1875 and 1876. Its original title was Dans un Café, a name often used today.

Other early titles were A sketch of a French Café and Figures at Café. Then, when exhibited in London in 1893, the title was changed to L'Absinthe, the name by which the painting is now commonly known. It is in the permanent collection of the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.