hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muhammad al-Tawil of Huesca
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik al-Tawil (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الملك الطويل, died 913 or 914) was a Muwallad Wāli of Huesca and a prominent Muslim lord in the Upper March (Arabic: الثغر الأعلى, Aṯ-Ṯaḡr al-Aʿlà) of Al-Andalus in the late-ninth and early-tenth centuries. Acting autonomously from his nominal masters the Emirs of Córdoba, he carried out his own foreign policy and fought both Christian and Muslim regional rivals, including the Counts of Barcelona, Pallars and Aragon, the King of Pamplona and the Banu Qasi of the Upper March. From him arose a short-lived dynasty, the Banu al-Tawil (Arabic: بنو الطويل), who would rule Huesca, Barbastro and Lleida, off and on, for a century, eventually losing out to the Banu Tujib of Zaragoza.

Upper March
The Upper March (Arabic: الثغر الأعلى, romanized: aṯ-Ṯaḡr al-Aʿlā'; Spanish Marca Superior) was an administrative and military division in northeastern al-Andalus, roughly corresponding to the Ebro valley and adjacent Mediterranean coast, from the 8th century to the early 11th century. It was established as a march "frontier province" of the Umayyad state of Córdoba facing the Christian lands of the Carolingian Empire's Spanish March, the Asturo-Leonese marches of Castile and Álava, and the nascent autonomous Pyrenean principalities. In 1018, the decline of the central Cordoban state allowed the lords of the Upper March to establish the Taifa of Zaragoza in its place.
Osmanbey
Osmanbey is one of the four neighbourhoods (together with Teşvikiye, Maçka and Pangaltı) within the Nişantaşı quarter of the Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey.
Osmanbey is also home to the Beth Israel Synagogue built in 1940. The Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink was murdered outside the office of Agos Newspaper in Osmanbey in 2007.

Maçka, Istanbul
Maçka is one of the four neighbourhoods (together with Teşvikiye, Osmanbey and Pangaltı) within the Nişantaşı quarter of the Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey.

One of the five campuses of the Istanbul Technical University, the Maçka Campus, is located in Maçka. The main building of ITU's Maçka Campus was originally built in 1834 (renovated in 1873) as the Maçka Barracks (Maçka Kışlası) of the Ottoman Army.
Balnagown Castle
Balnagown Castle (also Balnagowan)(Ross Castle) is beside the village of Kildary in Easter Ross, part of the Highland area of Scotland.

There has been a castle on the site since the 14th century, although the present building was remodelled in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is the ancestral home of the Chiefs of Clan Ross, although from the 1970s onwards it was owned by Egyptian-born businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed.

It is protected as a category B listed building, and the grounds are included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.

Chiefs of Clan Ross
The first chiefs of the Scottish Highland, Clan Ross were also the original Earls of Ross. That title later went to other families in the late 14th century and from then on the chiefs of Clan Ross were designated as "of Balnagowan". This was because their seat was at Balnagowen Castle. The chiefship of the clan has since passed to various branches of the clan. Following the death of David Campbell Ross of Ross and Balnagowan in 2024, Fiona Campbell Ross of Ross and Balnagowan has been recognised as Chief of Clan Ross by the Lord Lyon King of Arms.  The following is a list of the chiefs of Clan Ross.
PRTV Prime Media
PRTV Prime Media, also known as Prime TV, is a Philippine free-to-air digital television channel owned by Prime Media Holdings thru Philippine Collective Media Corporation. It serves as the national extension of PCMC's PRTV brand, which is currently used on its regional television station in Tacloban.

TV Patrol
TV Patrol is a Philippine television news broadcasting show broadcast by ABS-CBN, Kapamilya Channel, A2Z and All TV. Originally anchored by Noli de Castro, Mel Tiangco and Robert Arevalo, it premiered on March 2, 1987, on the network's Primetime Bida line up. De Castro, Karen Davila, Bernadette Sembrano and Alvin Elchico currently serve as the anchors. It is the longest running Filipino-language news program.
Vesijärvi railway station
The Vesijärvi railway station (Finnish: Vesijärven rautatieasema, Swedish: Vesijärvi järnvägsstation) is located in the city of Lahti, Finland, in the district of Kartano. It was one end of the port and industrial siding that branched off of the Riihimäki–Saint Petersburg railway, on the west side of the Lahti railway station.

Kartano
Kartano is the 2nd district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland. It borders the districts of Niemi in the north, Kiveriö in the east, Keski-Lahti in the south, Salpausselkä in the southwest and Jalkaranta in the west.

The district takes its name from the Fellman Manor; the Finnish word kartano directly translates to "manor" in English.

The population of the statistical district of Kartano was 5,614 in 2019.
HDMS Olfert Fischer (F355)
HDMS Olfert Fischer (F355) was a Niels Juel-class corvette of the Kongelige Danske Marine (Royal Danish Navy, KDM). The vessel was laid down in December 1978 and commissioned in October 1981. The corvette operated in the Persian Gulf on two occasions, first in 1990 and 1991 as part of the multinational fleet enforcing the United Nations sanctions against Iraq, then again in 2003 in support of the United States-led invasion of Iraq. Olfert Fischer was deployed as part of the NATO Standing Naval Force Atlantic (and its successor, the Standing NATO Response Force Maritime Group 1) on at least four occasions during her career.

Olfert Fischer and her two sister ships were decommissioned in August 2009 and scrapped in 2013. They were replaced by vessels of the Iver Huitfeldt class.

Niels Juel-class corvette
The Niels Juel class was a three-ship class of corvettes formerly in service with the Royal Danish Navy. They were built in Denmark at Aalborg Shipyard and were launched in the period 1978–1980. In 1998–2000 the three vessels had a mid-life update, as well as a large update on the electrical systems.

The three ships were named Niels Juel (NATO abbreviation NIJU), Olfert Fischer (NATO abbreviation OLFI) and Peter Tordenskiold (NATO abbreviation PETO). All three vessels were named after famous Danish admirals, with the debatable exception of Peter Tordenskjold, a Norwegian-born officer who served during the personal union of Norway and Denmark from 1415 to 1814.

These ships were replaced by the Iver Huitfeldt-class frigates.
All three ships were retired in 2009  and were scrapped in 2013 at Munkebo, Denmark.
Remi
The Remi (Gaulish: Rēmi, 'the first, the princes') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the Aisne, Vesle and Suippe river valleys during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Their territory roughly corresponded the modern Marne and Ardennes and parts of the Aisne and Meuse departments.

Bibrax
49°30′N 3°49′E﻿ / ﻿49.5°N 3.82°E﻿ / 49.5; 3.82

Bibrax is a Gallic oppidum (fortified settlement). Its position has long been debated, but the oppidum is now almost certainly identified with the site of Saint-Thomas (Aisne).
Cappelletti (cavalry)
Cappelletti, later Croati à cavallo (lit. 'Croats on horse'), or Cavalleria Oltramarina, was a cavalry unit of the Republic of Venice. In the beginning, they were organized as part of the Dalmatian Oltremarini corps  as light cavalry for the surveillance of the Venetian border in Dalmatia, but also as a police unit.

Oltremarini
The Oltramarini or Schiavoni regiments (Italian: Reggimenti Oltramarini/Schiavoni) comprised the overseas infantry of the Republic of Venice. They were a Dalmatian infantry corps organized within the Venetian navy as the elite infantry. They especially stood out in the wars against the Ottoman Empire throughout the Venetian overseas possessions, but also for their service in Terraferma, the Venetian possessions in the hinterland of Venice in northern Italy. In addition, they performed the duties of the bodyguard, first of the provveditore, and later as the personal guard of the Doge himself.
Fred M. Vinson Museum and Welcome Center
Fred M. Vinson Birthplace, at E. Madison and Vinson Blvd. in Louisa, Kentucky, also known as Old Jailer's House, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

It was the birthplace and early home of Fred M. Vinson (January 22, 1890 – September 8, 1953), who became the 13th Chief Justice of the United States.

It is an eight-room two-story brick house completed in 1889, the year before Vinson's birth, built as a Jailer's Residence on the Courthouse Square in Louisa, the county seat of Lawrence County to serve as the home of Vinson's father, who served as jailer of Lawrence County. The Fred M. Vinson Museum and Welcome Center is located on the premises.

Louisa, Kentucky
Louisa is a home-rule class city in Lawrence County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is the county seat. It is at the merger of the Levisa and Tug Forks into the Big Sandy River, which forms part of the state's border with West Virginia. The population was 2,679 at the 2020 census.
Camel-hair brush
A camel-hair brush is a type of paintbrush with soft bristles made from natural hairs, usually squirrel. Actual camel hair is not a suitable material, although historically camel was used for ancient Chinese ink brushes (and for camel hair cloth).  It is a widely used brush in art, but is considered inferior to the more expensive sable and ox-hair brushes.  In some niche applications, such as pinstriping, camel hair is an ideal brush.  Camel-hair brushes have numerous uses outside of art, particularly dusting where a soft brush is needed for delicate objects or skin.

Paintbrush
A paintbrush is a brush used to apply paint or ink. A paintbrush is usually made by clamping bristles to a handle with a ferrule. They are available in various sizes, shapes, and materials. Thicker ones are used for filling in, and thinner ones are used for details. They may be subdivided into decorators' brushes used for painting and decorating and artists' brushes used for visual art.
Danielle Murphy
Danielle Murphy (born 4 June 1981) is an English former footballer who played as a defender or midfielder for Millwall Lionesses, Charlton Athletic, Watford and Barnet. She won 25 caps for England at senior international level.

Florida Gators women's soccer
The Florida Gators women's soccer team represents the University of Florida in the sport of college soccer.  The Gators compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  Home games are played at Donald R. Dizney Stadium on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus. They have won thirteen conference championships and one NCAA national championship.
Huang Xiaoyun
Huang Xiaoyun (Chinese: 黄霄云; born 22 December 1998), also known as Ghost Huang, is a Chinese singer and actress of Bouyei ethnicity. She first gained recognition in the Chinese television talent show The Voice of China 4 in 2015 and later on in 2020, when she was a competitor on Hunan TV's Singer 2020.

Huang Xiaoyun is known for her vocals and wide vocal range, as well as her viral performance of "Upwards to the Moon" (左手指月) on Sound of My Dream. The performance gained over 10 million views on YouTube.

Bouyei people
The Bouyei (also spelled Puyi, Buyei and Buyi; Bouyei: Buxqyaix, [puʔjai] or "Puzhong", "Burao", "Puman"; Chinese: 布依族; pinyin: Bùyīzú; Vietnamese: người Bố Y) are a Tai-speaking ethnic group who mostly live in the province of Guizhou  in Southern China. Numbering 3.5 million, they are the 10th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Some 3,000 Bouyei also live in Northern Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups.
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP (known as Paul, Weiss) is an American multinational white-shoe law firm headquartered in New York City.

The firm historically focused on litigation, but shifted towards corporate law after Brad Karp became chairman in 2008. The firm has offices in Washington, D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Wilmington, Toronto, London, Brussels, Tokyo, and Hong Kong.

Lloyd K. Garrison
Lloyd Kirkham Garrison (November 19, 1897 – October 2, 1991) was an American lawyer. He was Dean of the University of Wisconsin Law School, but also served as chairman of the "first" National Labor Relations Board, chairman of the National War Labor Board, and chair of the New York City Board of Education. He was active in a number of social causes, was a highly successful attorney on Wall Street, and for a short time was a special assistant to the United States Attorney General.
Moluccan diaspora
The Moluccan diaspora (Indonesian: Diaspora Maluku) refers to overseas Indonesians of Moluccan birth or descent living outside Indonesia. The most significant Moluccan diaspora community lives in the Netherlands, where it numbers c. 70,000 people as of 2018.

Indonesian diaspora
Indonesian diaspora (Indonesian: Orang Indonesia Perantauan) are Indonesians who live outside of Indonesia. These include citizens that have migrated to another country as well as people born abroad of Indonesian descent. According to Ministry of Law and Human Rights, more than 6–9 million Indonesians diaspora live abroad in 2023.
Boeing Satellite Development Center
33°55′47″N 118°23′30″W﻿ / ﻿33.9296521°N 118.3917403°W﻿ / 33.9296521; -118.3917403

The Boeing Satellite Development Center is a major business unit of Boeing Defense, Space & Security. It brought together Boeing satellite operations with that of GM Hughes Electronics' Space and Communications division in El Segundo, California.

El Segundo, California
El Segundo (/ˌɛl səˈɡʌndoʊ/ EL sə-GUN-doh, Spanish: [el seˈɣundo]; Spanish for 'The Second') is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located on Santa Monica Bay, it was incorporated on January 18, 1917, and is part of the South Bay Cities Council of Governments. The population was 17,272 as of the 2020 census, a 3.7% increase from 16,654 in the 2010 census. A significant center of the oil and aerospace industries in Southern California, roughly three quarters of the city's land is dedicated exclusively to industrial and commercial uses, including a Chevron oil refinery which takes up more than a quarter of the city.
Phoenix Skywalker
The Phoenix Skywalker is a series of German paramotors that was designed and produced by Phoenix Gleitschirmantriebe of Würselen for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Phoenix Gleitschirmantriebe
Phoenix Gleitschirmantriebe (Phoenix Paragliding Drives) was a German aircraft manufacturer based in Würselen. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and for the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category.

The company seems to have been founded in the early 2000s and gone out of business about 2008.

The company produced the Phoenix Skywalker line of paramotors, powered by the 18 hp (13 kW) Solo 210 and the 22 hp (16 kW) Hirth F-33 engines.  The aircraft was noted for the use of a paddle-bladed 86 cm (34 in) diameter four-bladed composite propeller, which allowed the design of a smaller cage assembly which improved ground transport portability and handling on take-off and landing.
Coshocton, Ohio
Coshocton (/kəˈʃɒktən/) is a city in Coshocton County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 11,050 at the 2020 census. It is located approximately 63 miles (101 km) east-northeast of Columbus. The Walhonding River and the Tuscarawas River meet in Coshocton to form the Muskingum River.

Coshocton contains Roscoe Village, a restored town of the canal era, located next to the former Ohio and Erie Canal. A heritage tourist attraction, it showcases the area's unique canal history. The city was developed on the site of a former Lenape village established in the late 1770s by bands who had migrated from the East under European oppression. Coshocton is the principal city of the Coshocton micropolitan area.

Walhonding River
The Walhonding River is a principal tributary of the Muskingum River, 23.5 miles (37.8 km) long, in east-central Ohio in the United States.  Via the Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.  It drains an area of 2,252 square miles (5,830 km2).

The Walhonding flows for its entire length in Coshocton County.  It is formed by the confluence of the Mohican River and the Kokosing River and flows generally east-southeast, passing through Mohawk Dam, which was built in the 1930s by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for the purpose of flood control in the Muskingum River watershed, and through the towns of Nellie and Warsaw.  Downstream of Warsaw it collects Killbuck Creek.  It meets the Tuscarawas River at the city of Coshocton to form the Muskingum River.
Café Achteck
Café Achteck (Octagon Café) is a common local slang for certain public urinals in Berlin. These urinals consist of seven ornamentally decorated, green-painted cast iron wall segments, arranged onto an octagonal floor plan, provide standing room for seven men, and the eighth side is the entrance. The roof is crowned by an eight-sided ventilation hood. In front of the entrance, there is a privacy screen of at least three segments. The design for these urinals came from the city councillor Carl Theodor Rospatt in 1878. In 1920 there were about 142 of these urinals in Greater Berlin, and today about a dozen preserved specimens can be found.

Pissoir
A pissoir (also known in French as a vespasienne) is a French invention, common in Europe, that provides a urinal in public space with a lightweight structure. The availability of pissoirs aims to reduce urination onto buildings, sidewalks, or streets. They can be freestanding and without screening, with partial screening, or fully enclosed.
Max Planck Institute for Coal Research
The Max Planck Institute for Coal Research (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, MPI KoFo) is an institute located in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany specializing in chemical research on catalysis. It is one of the 86 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). It was founded in 1912 in Mülheim an der Ruhr as the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Kohlenforschung) to study the chemistry and uses of coal, and became an independent Max Planck Institute in 1949.

Mülheim
Mülheim, officially Mülheim an der Ruhr (German pronunciation: [ˈmyːlhaɪm ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈʁuːɐ̯] ⓘ, lit. 'Mülheim on the Ruhr'; Low German: Mölm; Kölsch: Müllem) and also described as "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. It is located in the Ruhr Area between Duisburg, Essen, Oberhausen and Ratingen. It is home to many companies, and two Max Planck Institutes.

Mülheim an der Ruhr was granted city rights in 1808, and a century later its population surpassed 100,000, officially making it a major city.
Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau
Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau (lit. 'Industrial Association for Vehicle Construction'), usually abbreviated as IFA, was a conglomerate and a union of companies for vehicle construction in the former East Germany.

IFA produced bicycles, motorcycles, light commercial vehicles, automobiles, tractors, vans and heavy trucks. All East German vehicle manufacturers were part of the IFA, including Barkas, EMW (which made Wartburg cars), IWL, MZ, Multicar, Robur, Sachsenring (which made Trabant cars) and Simson.

IFA F9
The IFA F9, subsequently rebadged as the EMW 309, is a compact saloon manufactured under the auspices of the Russian and East German states between 1949 or 1950 and 1956. It was initially built at Zwickau at the plant previously owned by Auto Union. In 1953 production was transferred to the EMW, former BMW manufacturing plant at Eisenach under the name EMW 309 until 1956 where its underpinnings subsequently found their way into the Wartburg 311.
Da Kink in My Hair (TV series)
Da Kink in My Hair is a Canadian television sitcom. Based on the play of the same name by Trey Anthony, the story was adapted into a television show and aired on Global during prime time. It was the first comedy series on a national private mainstream broadcaster that was created by and starring Black women in Canada. The series had centred on a hair salon in the heart of Toronto's Caribbean-Canadian community, Eglinton West. The series debuted on Global on October 14, 2007, and the final episode aired on May 14, 2009.  It was the winner of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters Best Fiction Series prize in 2008 and won a Gemini Award for Best Hair. The series has been rebroadcast on Television Jamaica.

Little Jamaica
Little Jamaica, also known as Eglinton West, is an ethnic enclave in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located along Eglinton Avenue West, from Marlee Avenue to Keele Street, and is part of four neighbourhoods: Silverthorn, Briar Hill–Belgravia, Caledonia–Fairbank, and Oakwood–Vaughan. The commercial main street has been recognized to be of great cultural heritage significance to the city of Toronto, as a distinct ethnic and cultural hub for Afro-Caribbean immigrants for many decades.
PDP-8/e
The PDP-8/e was a model of the PDP-8 line of minicomputers, designed by the Digital Equipment Corporation to be a general-purpose computer that inexpensively met the needs of the average user while also being capable of modular expansion to meet the more specific needs of advanced users.

PDP-8
The PDP-8 is a family of 12-bit minicomputers that was produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Launched in 1965, it was the first minicomputer to sell for under $20,000, and the $25,000 mark for a complete system would later be a defining characteristic of the minicomputer class. Over 50,000 units were sold during the model's lifetime.

Its basic design follows the pioneering LINC but has a smaller instruction set, which is an expanded version of the PDP-5 instruction set. To lower the cost of implementation, the system leaves out a number of commonly used functions which have to be written using combinations of other instructions. This leads to complex programs.

The PDP-12 is an offshoot of the PDP-8 with a processor that can run programs for the PDP-8 and LINC systems. The successor to the PDP-8 line is the PDP-11, which featured a much more complete instruction set and was not backward compatible.
Yus
Little yus (Ѧ, ѧ; italics: Ѧ, ѧ) and big yus (Ѫ, ѫ; italics: Ѫ, ѫ), or jus, are letters of the Cyrillic script representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. Each can occur in iotated form (Ѩ ѩ, Ѭ ѭ), formed as ligatures with the decimal i (І). Other yus letters like the closed little yus (Ꙙ ꙙ), iotated closed little yus (Ꙝ ꙝ) and blended yus (Ꙛ ꙛ), are also used.

Phonetically, little yus represents a nasalized front vowel, possibly [ɛ̃] (like the French ‘in’ in “cinq” or Polish 'ę' in “kęs”), while big yus represents a nasalized back vowel, such as IPA [ɔ̃] (like the French ‘on’ in “bombon” or Polish 'ą' in “kąt”). This is also suggested by the appearance of each as a 'stacked' digraph of 'Am' and 'Om' respectively.

The names of the letters do not imply capitalization, as both little and big yus exist in majuscule and minuscule variants.

Ę
Ę (minuscule: ę; Polish: e z ogonkiem, "e with a little tail"; Lithuanian: e nosinė, "nasal e") is a letter in the Polish, Lithuanian, and Dalecarlian alphabets. It is also used in Navajo to represent the nasal vowel [ẽ] and Kensiu to represent the near-open near-front unrounded vowel [e̝]. In Latin, Irish, and Old Norse palaeography, it is known as e caudata ('tailed e').