hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheffield Scientific School
Sheffield Scientific School was founded in 1847 as a school of Yale College in New Haven, Connecticut, for instruction in science and engineering. Originally named the Yale Scientific School, it was renamed in 1861 in honor of Joseph E. Sheffield, a railroad executive. The school was incorporated in 1871. The Sheffield Scientific School helped establish a model of American higher education which incorporated both the sciences and the liberal arts. Following World War I, its curriculum gradually became completely integrated with Yale College. "The Sheff" ceased to function as a separate entity in 1956.

John Addison Porter
John Addison Porter (March 15, 1822 – August 25, 1866) was an American professor of chemistry and physician.  He is the namesake of the John Addison Porter Prize and was a founder of the Scroll and Key senior society of Yale University.
Anthony Moore
Anthony Moore (also known as Anthony More) (born 13 August 1948) is a British experimental music composer, performer and producer. He was a founding member of the band Slapp Happy, worked with Henry Cow and has made a number of solo albums, including Flying Doesn't Help (1979) and World Service (1981).

As a lyricist, Moore has collaborated with Pink Floyd on two of their albums: A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987) and The Division Bell (1994), and contributed music to the instrumental "Calling" from The Endless River (2014). He contributed lyrics to Richard Wright's Broken China (1996), worked with Kevin Ayers on various projects and also contributed lyrics to Trevor Rabin's Can't Look Away (1989) and Julian Lennon's Help Yourself (1991).

For a fuller list of works and more recent activity since 2010 to date see
halfcatmusic.com

Academy of Media Arts Cologne
The Academy of Media Arts Cologne (KunstHochschule für Medien Köln) is the art and film school of the state of North Rhine Westphalia. It was founded 1989 in Cologne, Germany. Notable artists and filmmakers who studied or taught at the academy include Rosa Barba, VALIE EXPORT, Karen Eliot, Marcel Odenbach, Jürgen Klauke, Phil Collins, Peter Lilienthal, Sophie Maintigneux, Julia Scher, Anthony Moore, Johannes Wohnseifer, Werner Nekes, Hans Weingartner, Jacob Kirkegaard, Sebastian Strasser, Li Yang, Beate Gütschow, Ubermorgen, Varvara & Mar, Joana Moll.
Slow Down (album)
Slow Down is the fourth studio album by the blues performer Keb' Mo' released in August 1998. In 1999, Slow Down won Keb' Mo' his second Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album. The album includes the song "Rainmaker" which shares its title with the album Rainmaker, made by Keb' Mo' under his birth name "Kevin Moore".

Rainmaker (Kevin Moore album)
Rainmaker is the 1980 debut album by Kevin Moore, now more commonly known as Keb' Mo'. The album features the songs "Rainmaker" and "Anybody Seen My Girl" which were subsequently re-released in Moore's later releases Slow Down and Keb' Mo' respectively.
Adherent point
In mathematics, an adherent point (also closure point or point of closure or contact point) of a subset  of  a topological space  is a point  in  such that every neighbourhood of  (or equivalently, every open neighborhood of ) contains at least one point of  A point  is an adherent point for  if and only if  is in the closure of  thus

if and only if for all open subsets  if

This definition differs from that of a limit point of a set, in that for a limit point it is required that every neighborhood of  contains at least one point of  different from  Thus every limit point is an adherent point, but the converse is not true. An adherent point of  is either a limit point of  or an element of  (or both). An adherent point which is not a limit point is an isolated point.

Intuitively, having an open set  defined as the area within (but not including) some boundary, the adherent points of  are those of  including the boundary.

Isolated point
In mathematics, a point x is called an isolated point of a subset S (in a topological space X) if x is an element of S and there exists a neighborhood of x that does not contain any other points of S. This is equivalent to saying that the singleton {x}  is an open set in the topological space S (considered as a subspace of X). Another equivalent formulation is: an element x of S is an isolated point of S if and only if it is not a limit point of S.

If the space X is a metric space, for example a Euclidean space, then an element x of S is an isolated point of S if there exists an open ball around x that contains only finitely many elements of S.
A point set that is made up only of isolated points is called a discrete set or discrete point set (see also discrete space).
Erta Ale Range
Erta Ale Range is the most important axial volcanic chain of the Afar Depression, Afar Region, Ethiopia. It consists mostly of shield volcanoes.

The active volcano Erta Ale is a prominent feature of the range. The highest volcano of the range is Ale Bagu, with an elevation of 1,031 m (3,383 ft) above sea level. Other named peaks (with their elevations) include Alu (429 m (1,407 ft)), Dalaffilla (578 m (1,896 ft)) and Borale Ale (668 m (2,192 ft)).
The southernmost Hayli Gubbi (493 m (1,617 ft)) erupted on 23 November 2025 according to scientific sources for the first time within the past 12,000 years.

Ale Bagu
Ale Bagu is a stratovolcano located in the Afar Region, Ethiopia. It is the highest volcano of Erta Ale Range. The village of El Dom sits at the base of Ale Bagu.

Ale Bagu is a rare example of a mountain with a prominence higher than its elevation figure. This is due to the key col being below sea level.
Gwesela West
Gwesela West is ward number 9 of the 33 wards in Zibagwe Rural District Council of Kwekwe District. Its center is at Senkwasi Irrigation Scheme 14.5 km north east of Zhombe Joel ( Zhombe Joel is along the Kwekwe Gokwe Road) and 14.5 km south of Columbina Rural Service Center (Columbina-Empress is along the Kadoma-Gokwe Road).

Kwekwe is 55.5 km south-east and Kadoma 67 km north-east. (by air)

Zhombe
Zhombe, originally known as Jombe, is a rural communal area in Kwekwe District, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. It is an area of mixed Shona and Northern Ndebele People. It lies along the Mnyathi border line between Midlands and Mashonaland Provinces. There are a few commercial farms within its borders and a handful of resettlement areas. Most of it is within the Zhombe Constituency. Its administrative centre is the Zhombe Joel Growth Point, and it is under the Zibagwe Rural District Council.

There are fourteen business centres in Zhombe. Ten of the business centres are electrified. There are also two rural service centres: Empress and Zhombe Joel. As of 2011, there were 53 primary schools and 18 secondary schools. There are ten clinics (and one mission hospital) and several health centers in Zhombe.

The area is primarily rangeland supporting over 48,000 cattle, with 13 animal health centers and 26 dip tanks.
Sarus the Goth
Sarus or Saurus (d. 413 AD) was a Gothic chieftain known as a particularly brave and skillful warrior. He became a commander for the Emperor Honorius. He was known for his hostility to the prominent Gothic brothers-in-law Alaric I and Athaulf, and was the brother of Sigeric, who briefly ruled the Goths in 415.

Athaulf
Athaulf (also Athavulf, Atawulf, or Ataulf and Adolf, Latinized as Ataulphus) (c. 370 – 15 August 415) was king of the Visigoths from 411 to 415. During his reign, he transformed the Visigothic state from a tribal kingdom to a major political power of late antiquity.
Ormonde Castle
Ormond Castle (Irish: Caisleán Urmhumhan) is a castle on the River Suir on the east side of Carrick-on-Suir, County Tipperary, Ireland.  The oldest part of the existing castle is a mid-15th century walled bawn, cornered on the northeast and northwest by towers.

Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond
Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond and 3rd Earl of Ossory KG PC (Ire) (Irish: Tomás Dubh de Buitléir, Iarla Urmhamhan; c. 1531 – 1614), was an influential courtier in London at the court of Elizabeth I. He was Lord Treasurer of Ireland from 1559 to his death. He fought for the crown in the Rough Wooing, the Desmond Rebellions, and Tyrone's Rebellion. He fought his rival, Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond in the Battle of Affane in 1565.
Reference marker
In New York, a reference marker is a small green sign mounted approximately every one-tenth mile on highways maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation. This was initiated in response to the Highway Safety Act of 1966 enacted by Congress, in an effort to monitor traffic and identify high-accident locations. New York's system inventories and indexes all touring and reference routes, in addition to service and rest areas, ramps, and reservation roads.

New York's system is similar to California's postmile system in maintaining the state's highways and route logs. The New York State Thruway Authority adopted its own reference system  for the New York State Thruway system, including I-287. There is a similar reference marker system in use in neighboring Vermont.

New York State Route 7
New York State Route 7 (NY 7) is a 180.30-mile-long (290.16 km) state highway in New York in the United States. The highway runs from the Pennsylvania state line south of Binghamton in Broome County, New York,  to the Vermont state line east of Hoosick in Rensselaer County, where it continues as Vermont Route 9 (VT 9). Most of the road runs along the Susquehanna Valley, closely paralleling Interstate 88 (I-88) throughout that road's length. Portions of the highway route near the cities of Binghamton, Schenectady, and Troy date back to the early 19th century.
Rikiji
Rikiji Masuda (増田 力司, Masuda Rikiji, born January 11, 1971 in Saitama) is a Japanese musician and bassist. He is known for his work with Oblivion Dust and Mega8Ball.

His musical career started as the bassist of Three Eyes Jack from 1989 to 1995, under the nickname "ChaChaMaru" (ちゃちゃ丸). In fall 1995 Rikiji formed Mega8Ball with vocalist/guitarist Tetsu Takano. The band later disbanded and had their last live performance on December 29, 1997.

In January 1998, almost immediately after, he joined Oblivion Dust. Then on December 23, 2000, Rikiji left Oblivion Dust, who later disband in September 2001. In early 2001 he reformed Mega8Ball, being the only original member. Oblivion Dust and Rikiji reunited in September 2007.

Tetsu Takano
Tetsu Takano (高野哲, Takano Tetsu; born December 12, 1972 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese rock musician and singer-songwriter. He first became known as vocalist of the visual kei rock band Malice Mizer from 1992 to 1994. After leaving them, Tetsu formed and performed with Mega8Ball from 1995 to 1997. From 1999 to 2002 he was part of the supergroup Zigzo, who became quite popular despite being an independent band and reunited in 2012. In addition to Zigzo, Tetsu is currently active in the bands Nil, The JuneJulyAugust, The Black Comet Club Band, and Disco Volante, all of which are on his record label Afro Skull Records.
James Rivington
James Rivington (1724 – July 4, 1802) was an English-born American journalist who published a Loyalist newspaper in the American colonies called Rivington's Gazette. He was driven out of New York by the Sons of Liberty, but was likely a member of the American Culper Spy Ring, which provided the Continental Army with  military intelligence from British-occupied New York.

Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War
During the American Revolutionary War, the Continental Army and British Army conducted espionage operations against one another to collect military intelligence to inform military operations. In addition, both sides conducted political action, covert action, counterintelligence, deception, and propaganda operations as part of their overall strategies.

American intelligence was monitored and sanctioned by the Continental Congress to provide military intelligence to the Continental Army to aid them in fighting the British during the American Revolutionary War. Congress created a Secret Committee for domestic intelligence, a Committee of Secret Correspondence for foreign intelligence, and a committee on spies, for tracking spies within the Patriot movement.

British espionage efforts were overseen by the British Army and focused primarily on gathering military intelligence to support military operations.
Constitutions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia has had four constitutions:

1931 Constitution of Ethiopia

1955 Constitution of Ethiopia

1987 Constitution of Ethiopia

1995 Constitution of Ethiopia

A proposed revision of the 1955 constitution was released in 1974, but it had no legal effect, and was soon forgotten in the events of the Ethiopian Revolution.

Until the adoption of the first of these constitutions, the concepts of Ethiopian government had been codified in the Kebra Nagast (which presented the concept that the legitimacy of the Emperor of Ethiopia was based on its asserted descent from king Solomon of ancient Israel), and the Fetha Nagast (a legal code used in Ethiopia at least as early as 1450 to define the rights and responsibilities of the monarch and subjects, as defined by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church).

1995 Constitution of Ethiopia
The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ሕገ መንግሥት, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk Ḥige Menigišit), also known as the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia, is the supreme law of Ethiopia. The constitution came into force on 21 August 1995 after it was drawn up by the Constituent Assembly that was elected in June 1994. It was adopted by the Transitional Government of Ethiopia on 8 December 1994 and came into force following the general election held in May–June 1995.
North Leominster
North Leominster is a village or neighborhood of the city of Leominster, Massachusetts. Settlement started in 1725, and by 1740 Leominster was separated from the town of Lancaster, Massachusetts. Settlers north of North Nashua River were in the North village. The name changed over time from North Village to North Leominster.

In 1851, a new post office was established in North Leominster giving itself the feel as a separate town. In 1845, when the railroad from Boston was extended to Fitchburg it ran through the North Village parallel to the river.

In 2005, the MBTA finished construction of a new commuter rail station at North Leominster on the Fitchburg Line from Boston. North Leominster is accessible from the Lancaster, MA line on MA Route 2 by taking the exit for Harvard Street, or from the exit for Massachusetts Route 13.

42°32′N 71°44′W﻿ / ﻿42.54°N 71.74°W﻿ / 42.54; -71.74

Leominster, Massachusetts
Leominster (/ˈlɛmənstər/ LEM-ən-stər) is a city in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the second-largest city in Worcester County, with a population of 43,222 at the 2023 census. Leominster is located north of Worcester and northwest of Boston. Both Route 2 and Route 12 pass through Leominster. Interstate 190, Route 13, and Route 117 all have starting/ending points in Leominster. Leominster is bounded by Fitchburg and Lunenburg to the north, Lancaster to the east, Sterling and Princeton to the south, and Westminster to the west.
Langford-Highlands
Langford-Highlands is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. Created under the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution, the riding was first contested in the 2024 British Columbia general election. It was mostly created out of Langford-Juan de Fuca plus a small part of Esquimalt-Metchosin.

Langford-Juan de Fuca
Langford-Juan de Fuca (name from 2017 to 2024) or Juan de Fuca (name from 2009 to 2017) is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. It was located on the south coast of Vancouver Island, along the Juan de Fuca Strait. It contains the western Victoria suburbs of Langford, Sooke and Highlands.
Battle of Rathmines
The Battle of Rathmines was fought on 2 August 1649, near the modern Dublin suburb of Rathmines. Part of the Irish Confederate Wars, an associated conflict of 1638 to 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, it has been described as the 'decisive battle of the Engagement in Ireland.'

In late July 1649, a combined Irish Confederate/Royalist army under the Earl of Ormond, tried to capture Dublin, held by forces loyal to the Commonwealth, commanded by Michael Jones. Despite their superior numbers, Ormond's troops were routed by Jones' veterans, many of whom were members of the New Model Army. Their victory secured Dublin, enabling another 12,000 troops under Oliver Cromwell to land unimpeded, and begin the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

Rathmines
Rathmines (/ˈræθˌmaɪnz/; Irish: Ráth Maonais, meaning 'ringfort of Maonas') is an inner suburb on the Southside of Dublin in Ireland. It begins at the southern side of the Grand Canal and stretches along the Rathmines Road as far as Rathgar to the south, Ranelagh to the east, and Harold's Cross to the west. It is situated in the city's D06 postal district.

Rathmines is a commercial and social hub and was well known across Ireland as "Flatland"—an area where subdivided large Georgian and Victorian houses provided rented accommodation to newly arrived junior civil servants and third-level students from outside the city from the 1930s. However, in more recent times, Rathmines has diversified its housing stock and many historic houses formerly divided into often tiny flats and bedsits have in a process of gentrifying been re-amalgamated into single-family homes. Rathmines gained a reputation as a "Dublin Belgravia" in the 19th century.
Lev Avnerovich Leviev
Lev Avnerovich Leviev (Hebrew: לב אבנרוביץ לבייב; born 30 July 1956) is an Israeli diamond magnate, investor and philanthropist. Leviev was the chairman and majority shareholder of Africa Israel Investments, a diversified conglomerate, between 1997 and 2018. Leviev lived in Israel between 1971 and 2007 and moved to reside in London. He is a noted philanthropist for Chabad Lubavitch causes in Eastern Europe and Israel. In 2018, Leviev had a net worth of US$1 billion according to Forbes.

Bukharan Jews
Bukharan Jews, also known as Bukharian Jews, are the Mizrahi Jewish sub-group of Central Asia that dwelt predominantly in what is today Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Afghanistan. The group's name is derived from the Emirate of Bukhara, a polity that once had a sizable Jewish population.

Bukharan Jews are one of the oldest Jewish diaspora groups, dating back to the Babylonian exile, and comprise a branch of Persian-speaking Jewry. They are also one of the oldest ethnoreligious groups in Central Asia.

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, most Bukharan Jews have emigrated to Israel, the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia.
Hepingli Subdistrict, Baoding
Hepingli Subdistrict (Chinese: 和平里街道; pinyin: Hépínglǐ Jiēdào) is a subdistrict and the seat of Beishi District, in the heart of Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China. As of 2011, it has 10 residential communities (社区) under its administration.

Beishi District
Beishi District (simplified Chinese: 北市区; traditional Chinese: 北市區; pinyin: Běishì Qū; lit. 'North City') is a district of Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China. In May 2015, it was merged with Nanshi District to form the new Lianchi District.
Haixi Mangnai Airport
Haixi Mangnai Airport (IATA: HTT, ICAO: ZLHX) is an airport in Mangnai, a county-level city of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, China.  The airport is located near the town of Huatugou, at an altitude of 2,945 metres (9,662 ft) above sea level.  Construction began on 30 December 2011 with an estimated total investment of 700 million yuan. The airport was opened on 26 June 2015.

Huatugou
Huatugou or Huatugouzhen (lit. Huatugou Town) is a town in Mangnai, Haixi, Qinghai, China. As of 2023, the population is 28,965, most of which are ethnic Han Chinese.

Huatugou is served by the nearby Huatugou Airport.
RV Polarstern
RV Polarstern (meaning Polaris) is a German research icebreaker of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) in Bremerhaven, Germany. Polarstern was built by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft in Kiel and Nobiskrug in Rendsburg, was commissioned in 1982, and is mainly used for research in the Arctic and Antarctica. The ship has a length of 118 metres (387 feet) and is a double-hulled icebreaker. She is operational at temperatures as low as −50 °C (−58 °F). Polarstern can break through ice 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) thick at a speed of 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph). Thicker ice of up to 3 m (9.8 ft) can be broken by ramming.

Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven (German pronunciation: [ˌbʁeːmɐˈhaːfn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Bremerhoben) is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany. It forms an exclave of the city-state of Bremen. The River Geeste flows through the city before emptying into the Weser.

Bremerhaven was founded in 1827 as a seaport for Bremen, and it remains one of the busiest ports in the country. It was historically rivalled by Geestemünde [de] on the opposite side of the Geeste, which belonged to Hanover (and later Prussia). Geestemünde united with neighbouring Lehe [de] to form the city of Wesermünde [de] in 1924, and Bremerhaven was itself annexed to Wesermünde in 1939, but the entire conurbation was restored to Bremen in 1947.
Cetacean intelligence
Cetacean intelligence is the overall intelligence and derived cognitive ability of aquatic mammals belonging in the infraorder Cetacea (cetaceans), including baleen whales, porpoises, and dolphins. In 2014, a study found that the long-finned pilot whale has more neocortical neurons than any other mammal, including humans, examined to date.

Louis Herman
Louis Herman  (April 16, 1930 – August 3, 2016) was an American marine biologist. He was a researcher of dolphin sensory abilities, dolphin cognition, and humpback whales. He was professor in the Department of Psychology and a cooperating faculty member of the Department of Oceanography at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. He founded the Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory (KBMML) in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1970 to study bottlenose dolphin perception, cognition, and communication. In 1975, he pioneered the scientific study of the annual winter migration of humpback whales into Hawaiian waters. Together with Adam Pack, he founded The Dolphin Institute in 1993, a non-profit corporation dedicated to dolphins and whales through education, research, and conservation.

Herman served as a member of the Sanctuary Advisory Council for the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary. In total, he has published over 120 scientific papers.
2011 Indianapolis mayoral election
The Indianapolis mayoral election of 2011 took place on November 8, 2011. Voters elected the Mayor of Indianapolis, members of the Indianapolis City-County Council, as well as several other local officials. Incumbent Republican Greg Ballard was seeking a second term. Democrats nominated former deputy mayor Melina Kennedy to run against Ballard. Ballard defeated Kennedy 51% to 47%.

The Indianapolis City-County elections took place alongside the mayoral election, with Democrats taking a 16–13 majority. This marked the first time in Indianapolis history that a Republican mayor would lead with a Democratic council.

As of the 2023 election, this is the last time a Republican was elected Mayor of Indianapolis.

2011 Indianapolis City-County Council election
The 2011 Indianapolis City–County Council elections took place on November 8, 2011. All 29 seats were up for re-election, 25 districts and 4 at-large seats, on the Indianapolis City–County Council. Prior to the elections Republicans held a 15–13–1 seat majority. Following the elections Democrats gained control of the council with a 16–13 majority. This marked the first time in Indianapolis history that a Republican mayor would lead with a Democratic council.

The Indianapolis mayoral election took place alongside the council elections.