hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bit array
A bit array (also known as bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement a simple set data structure. A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level parallelism in hardware to perform operations quickly. A typical bit array stores kw bits, where w is the number of bits in the unit of storage, such as a byte or word, and k is some positive integer. If w does not divide the number of bits to be stored, some space is wasted due to internal fragmentation.

Judy array
In computer science, a Judy array is an early-2000s Hewlett-Packard hand-optimized implementation of a 256-ary radix tree that uses many situational node types to reduce latency from CPU cache-line fills. As a compressed radix tree, a Judy array can store potentially sparse integer- or string-indexed data with comparatively low memory usage and low read latency, without relying on hashing or tree balancing, and without sacrificing in-order traversal. Per-operation latency scales as —as expected of a tree—and the leading constant factor is small enough that Judy arrays are suitable even to the peta-element range. When applicable, they can be faster than implementations of AVL trees, B-trees, hash tables, or skip lists from the same time period.
Francisco Pacheco (poet)
Francisco Pacheco (baptised 22 November 1535 – 10 October 1599) was a Spanish theologian, humanist, poet, and writer. Contemporary sources often refer to him as El Licenciado Pacheco or El Canónigo Pacheco.

Miguel de Cervantes, in his La Galatea, which he finished writing between 1580 and 1584, dedicates his tribute to Pacheco before that of any other Sevillian poet, including Fernando de Herrera, as well as dedicating him two octaves as opposed to the one each he dedicates to the others.

Juan de Mal Lara
Juan de Mal Lara (Sevilla, 1524 – Sevilla, 1571) was a Spanish humanist, poet, playwright and paremiologue at the University of Seville during the period of the Spanish Renaissance in the reign of Philip II of Spain.
Inês Murta
Inês Gaspar Murta (born 31 May 1997) is a Portuguese tennis player. She is the sister of André Gaspar Murta who is also a professional tennis player.

Murta has won one singles title and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 6 February 2017, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 546. On 19 September 2016, she peaked at No. 406 in the doubles rankings.

Playing for Portugal Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 6–11 in Billie Jean King Cup competitions as of April 2024.

Murta is currently coached by Nina Bratchikova and Pedro Pereira.

André Gaspar Murta
André Gaspar Murta (born 8 August 1994) is a Portuguese professional tennis player who currently competes on the ITF Men's Circuit. In September 2016, he achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 480.

He is the brother of tennis player Inês Murta.
Geoffrey Bilson Award
The Geoffrey Bilson Award for Historical Fiction for Young People is a Canadian literary award that goes to the best work of historical fiction written for youth each year. The award is named after Geoffrey Bilson, a writer of historical fiction for youth and a history professor at the University of Saskatchewan who died suddenly in 1987.

The Geoffrey Bilson Award is selected by a jury chosen by the Canadian Children's Book Centre. Award winners must be Canadian authors, and the winning novel must have been published in the previous calendar year. Each year's winner receives a $1000 (C$) prize.

The award is one of several presented by the Canadian Children's Book Centre each year; others include the Marilyn Baillie Picture Book Award, the Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction and the TD Canadian Children's Literature Award.

Norma Fleck Award
The Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction is a lucrative literary award founded in May 1999 by the Fleck Family Foundation and the Canadian Children's Book Centre, and presented to the year's best non-fiction book for a youth audience. Each year's winner receives CDN$10,000.

The award is one of several presented by the Canadian Children's Book Centre each year; others include the Marilyn Baillie Picture Book Award, the Geoffrey Bilson Award for Historical Fiction for Young People and the TD Canadian Children's Literature Award.

The award was discontinued after 2023, with a new Sharon Fitzhenry Award for Children's Nonfiction to be presented beginning in 2025.
Pterocles bosporanus
Pterocles bosporanus is an extinct species of sandgrouse, described in 2023 from early Pleistocene-aged fossil material found in central Crimea. Potential additional remains are known from Italy. The only confirmed specimen is part of a limb bone, and the species is larger than other members of the genus Pterocles.

Pterocles
Pterocles  is a genus of near passerine birds in the sandgrouse family. It includes all the species in the family except for two central Asian species in Syrrhaptes.

These sandgrouse have small, pigeon-like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails. Their legs are feathered down to the toes, but unlike species of the genus Syrrhaptes the toes are not feathered.

Pterocles species have a fast direct flight, and flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk.

Two to three eggs are laid directly on the ground. They are buff or greenish with cryptic markings. All species are resident.
1913 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1913 was the 27th series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition.  Kilkenny won the championship, beating Tipperary 2–4 to 1–2 in the final.

1913 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1913 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 26th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1913 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 2 November 1913, between Kilkenny, represented by a club side from Mooncoin, and Tipperary, represented by club side Toomevara. The Munster champions lost to their Leinster opponents on a score line of 2–4 to 1–2.
Motivated tactician
In social psychology, a motivated tactician is someone who shifts between quick-and-dirty cognitively economical tactics and more thoughtful, thorough strategies when processing information, depending on the type and degree of motivation. Such behavior is a type of motivated reasoning. The idea has been used to explain why people use stereotyping, biases and categorization in some situations, and more analytical thinking in others.

Cognitive miser
In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain when and why people are cognitive misers.

Psychologists Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor introduced the term in 1984, writing that "People are limited in their capacity to process information, so they take shortcuts whenever they can." It is an important concept in social cognition theory and has been influential in other social sciences such as economics and political science.
Wucheng County
Wucheng County (simplified Chinese: 武城县; traditional Chinese: 武城縣; pinyin: Wǔchéng Xiàn) is a county in the northwest of Shandong province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei province to the northwest. It is administered by Dezhou City.

The population was 365,217 in 1999.

Dezhou
Dezhou (Chinese: 德州; pinyin: Dézhōu) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the southeast, Liaocheng to the southwest, Binzhou to the northeast, and the province of Hebei to the north.
Museum für Moderne Kunst
The Museum für Moderne Kunst (Museum of Modern Art), or short MMK, in Frankfurt, was founded in 1981 and opened to the public 6 June 1991. The museum was designed by the Viennese architect Hans Hollein.
It is part of Frankfurt's Museumsufer (Museum Riverbank).
Because of its triangular shape, the MMK is popularly called the Tortenstück ("piece of cake"). Since 2018, Susanne Pfeffer has been director of the MMK.

Museumsufer
Museumsufer (Museum Embankment) is the name of a landscape of museums in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany, lined up on both banks of the river Main or in close vicinity. The centre is the art museum Städel. The other museums were added, partly by transforming historic villas, partly by building new museums, in the 1980s by cultural politician Hilmar Hoffmann. The exhibition hall Portikus was opened on an island at the Alte Brücke in 2006.

As of 2022, 39 museums belong to the Museumsufer.
Urana
Urana /jəˈrænə/ is a small town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The town is in the Federation Council local government area.

Urana is located between Lockhart and Jerilderie, about 561 kilometres (349 mi) southwest of the state capital, Sydney. To the west lies Lake Urana and the Lake Urana Nature Reserve. To the east lies a smaller lake, Lake Uranagong.

Urana was the major town and headquarters of the former Urana Shire.  The shire included the localities of Boree Creek, Morundah, Oaklands and Rand. The Urana district is used for raising sheep and for growing wheat and other grain crops.

In the 2016 census, the population of Urana was 298, of whom 56.3% were male and 43.7% were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.7% of the population. In the 2021 census, the population of Urana was 248, of whom 55.1% were male and 44.9% were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 5.6% of the population.

Federation Council (New South Wales)
Federation Council is a local government area located in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia, formed in 2016 from the merger of the Corowa Shire with neighbouring Urana Shire.

The council comprises an area of 5,685 square kilometres (2,195 sq mi) and covers the urban areas of Corowa and Mulwala and the surrounding cropping and pastoral region to the north. It is bounded to the south by the Murray River and the state of Victoria.

At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 12,602.
Dobsonfly
Dobsonflies are a subfamily of insects, Corydalinae, part of the Megalopteran family Corydalidae. The larvae (commonly called hellgrammites) are aquatic, living in streams, and the adults are often found along streams as well. The nine genera of dobsonflies are distributed in the Americas, Asia, and South Africa.

Aquatic insect
Aquatic insects or water insects live some portion of their life cycle in the water. They feed in the same ways as other insects. Some diving insects, such as predatory diving beetles, can hunt for food underwater where land-living insects cannot compete.
Lydia Maria Child
Lydia Maria Child (née Francis; February 11, 1802 – October 20, 1880) was an American abolitionist, feminist, Native American rights activist, novelist, journalist, and opponent of American expansionism. Her journals, both fiction and domestic manuals, reached wide audiences from the 1820s through the 1850s. At times she shocked her audience as she tried to take on issues of both male dominance and white supremacy in some of her stories.

Despite these challenges, Child may be most remembered for her poem "Over the River and Through the Wood". Her grandparents' house, which she wrote about visiting, was restored by Tufts University in 1976 and stands near the Mystic River on South Street, in Medford, Massachusetts.

The Liberty Bell (annual)
The Liberty Bell, by Friends of Freedom, was an annual abolitionist gift book, edited and published by Maria Weston Chapman, to be sold or gifted to participants in the National Anti-Slavery Bazaar organized by the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society. Named after the symbol of the American Revolution, it was published nearly every year from 1839 to 1858.
Avon Lovell
Avon Lovell is a Western Australian investigative journalist and writer who wrote books about the Perth Mint Swindle, including The Mickelberg Stitch.

He was born in 1945 and is a graduate in history from the University of Tasmania.

His works were at times difficult to access due to his battles with authority.

His work Litany of lies culminates in the full array of stories collected from the aftermath of the Mickleberg Stitch era.  His long term concern about the careers of Don Hancock and Anthony Lewandowski also was developed further.

His work is also corroborated by other writers.

Don Hancock
Donald Leslie Hancock (5 January 1937 – 1 September 2001) was a Western Australian policeman. He is principally known for his involvement in the investigation of the Perth Mint Swindle, and his death in a car bombing in 2001.
Black Saturday (Lebanon)
Black Saturday (Arabic: السبت الأسود; French: Samedi noir) was the massacre of between 150 and 200 Lebanese Muslim civilians by Phalangist forces on Saturday 6 December 1975, during the early stages of the Lebanese Civil War. It set a precedent for later outbreaks of violence such as the Battle of the Hotels, the Karantina massacre and the Damour massacre.

The killings were led by Joseph Saade, a Phalangist whose son was killed in Fanar earlier that day along with three other young men while heading to a cinema in Brumana. The four young Christian men were found dead with axes and gunshots wounds on the Fanar road in Lebanon. Saade's first son was also murdered by Palestinian gunmen while participating in a rally paper in Bekaa earlier in 1975. The massacre accelerated the rapidly escalating civil war.

Fanar, Lebanon
Fanar (Arabic: الفنار translit. al-Fanar) is a town in the Matn District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon. It is situated in the heart of Lebanon, 8 km from Beirut and was previously called “Achrafieh El Fawqa”. The town was known to have very few residents who were farmers and was almost entirely green until after the Lebanese civil war when many displaced families chose to move to the area.
Vallelonga
Vallelonga is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Vibo Valentia. As of 31 December 2016, it had a population of 702 and an area of 17.5 square kilometres (6.8 sq mi).

Vallelonga borders the following municipalities: Filogaso, San Nicola da Crissa, Simbario, Torre di Ruggiero, Vazzano.

Vallelonghesi started to emigrate to Canada in large numbers in the 1950s, eventually forming a community of paesani larger than that in Vallelonga itself. Club Vallelonga-Monseratto hosts an annual Festa in the town of Loretto, Ontario.

Upon moving to Canada, many Vallelonghesi worked in the sewer/watermain and concrete industries, eventually forming their own companies.

Large numbers of Vallelonghesi can also be found in parts of Australia and Argentina.

Vazzano
Vazzano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Vibo Valentia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,170 and an area of 19.9 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi).

Vazzano borders the following municipalities: Filogaso, Pizzoni, Sant'Onofrio, Simbario, Stefanaconi and Vallelonga.
Dr. G.C. Stockman House
The Dr. G.C. Stockman House (also known as Mrs. Evangeline Skarlis House) was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1908 for Dr. George C. and Eleanor Stockman in Mason City, Iowa. The home was originally located at 311 1st St. SE, but was moved to 530 1st St. (David Christiansen) NE to avoid demolition. It has been fully restored as a public museum and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It features numerous authentic period furnishings and reproduction pieces.

A Fireproof House for $5000
"A Fireproof House for $5000" is an article and house design by Frank Lloyd Wright published in the Ladies' Home Journal in April 1907.  It is Wright's third and final publication in the journal following "A Home in a Prairie Town" and "A Small House with 'Lots of Room in It'" from February and July 1901, respectively. The drawings for the house were also included in Wright's 1910 Wasmuth Portfolio (Plate XIV).
Mankapur Junction railway station
Mankapur Junction railway station is located in Mankapur town of Gonda district, Uttar Pradesh. It serves Mankapur town. Its code is MUR. It has five platforms. Kushinagar Exp, Rapti Sagar Sperfast Express, Intercity, Prayagraj Sangam, Durg Express, Saryu Express, Varanasi Baharaich Intercity, Awadh Express, Chhapra Kachehri Gomti Nagar, Satyagrah Express and many more trains halt here.

Mankapur
Mankapur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Gonda district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is a constituency of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly currently headed by BJP. It borders Gonda to the West, Rehra bazar to the North, Maskanwa to the East and Nawabganj to the South.
Park Street District
The Park Street District is a historic district encompassing a small cluster of historic properties on or near Park Street in the heart of Boston, Massachusetts.  The district covers an entire city block delineated by Park Street, Beacon Street, School Street, and Tremont Street, just east of the Boston Common.  The district reflects an early design of the area by architect Charles Bulfinch, although only a few buildings from his period survive.

The Amory–Ticknor House (1804), Chester Harding House (1808), Boston Athenæum (1847), Congregational Library & Archives (1898), Park Street Church (1807), Granary Burying Ground (1660) and Suffolk University Law School (1999) are all within the district.  The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Park Street (Boston)
Park Street is a short, historic road in the center of Boston, Massachusetts. It begins at the top of Beacon Hill, at the intersection of Beacon Street, where it is lined up with the front of the Massachusetts State House. It then spills down the hill toward Tremont Street, with Boston Common to its west.
Ruslan and Lyudmila (opera)
Ruslan and Lyudmila (Russian: Руслан и Людмила, romanized: Ruslán i Lyudmíla listenⓘ) is an opera in five acts (eight tableaux) composed by Mikhail Glinka between 1837 and 1842.

The libretto was written in Russian by Valerian Shirkov, with minor contributions by Mykola Markevych, Nestor Kukolnik, and the composer based on the 1820 narrative poem of the same name by Alexander Pushkin. Pushkin had planned to write the libretto himself but died in a duel before he could do so.

Today, the best-known music from the opera is its overture.

Ruslan and Ludmila
Ruslan and Ludmila (pre-reform Russian: Русла́нъ и Людми́ла; post-reform Russian: Русла́н и Людми́ла, romanized: Ruslán i Lyudmíla) is a poem by Alexander Pushkin, published in 1820. Written as an epic literary fairy tale consisting of a dedication (посвящение), six "cantos" (песни), and an epilogue (эпилог), it tells the story of the abduction of Ludmila, the daughter of Prince Vladimir of the Kievan Rus' (reigned 980–1015), by an evil wizard and the attempt by the brave knight Ruslan to find and rescue her.
Set-aside program
In United States agricultural policy, the set-aside program was a program under which farmers were required to set aside a certain percentage of their total planted acreage and devote this land to approved conservation uses (such as grasses, legumes, and small grain which is not allowed to mature) in order to be eligible for nonrecourse loans and deficiency payments. Set-aside acreage was based on the number of acres a farmer actually planted in the program year as opposed to being based on prior crop years.  The authority for set-aside was eliminated by the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104-127).

Set-aside
Set-aside was an incentive scheme introduced by the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1988 (Regulation (EEC) 1272/88), to (i) help reduce the large and costly surpluses produced in Europe under the guaranteed price system of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); and (ii) to deliver some environmental benefits following considerable damage to agricultural ecosystems and wildlife as a result of the intensification of agriculture.

It sought to achieve this by requiring that farmers leave a proportion of their land out of intensive production. Such land is said to be 'set-aside'.
Redshirts (novel)
Redshirts (originally titled Redshirts: A Novel with Three Codas) is a postmodernist science fiction novel by John Scalzi that satirizes the tropes and narrative elements of Star Trek from the perspectives of several characters in a fictional TV show about the adventures of a starship and its crew who gradually become aware of their true nature.

The book was published by Tor Books in June 2012. An audiobook version was also produced with narration from Star Trek actor Wil Wheaton. Redshirts won the 2013 Hugo Award for Best Novel and Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel.

Redshirt (stock character)
In fiction, "redshirt" is an informal term for a stock character who is killed off shortly after being introduced. The term often implies that said character was introduced for the sole purpose of being killed off while adding little else to the story, and is sometimes used pejoratively to point out a redshirt's lack of good characterization or the predictability of the character's death. Redshirt deaths are often used to emphasize the potential peril faced by more important characters.

The term originates from the original Star Trek television series (1966–69), in which red-uniformed security officers and engineers often suffered deaths in the episode in which they first appeared, in contrast to most of the show's main characters wearing other colors.
Ohsweken, Ontario
Ohsweken (/oʊʃˈwiːkɛn/) is a dispersed rural community located within the Six Nations of the Grand River, in Brant County, Ontario, Canada.  Approximately 300 of the 2,700 homes on the reserve are in Ohsweken, and it is the site of the reserve governmental and administrative offices.

Six Nations of the Grand River
Six Nations (or Six Nations of the Grand River) is demographically the largest First Nations reserve in Canada. As of the end of 2017, it has a total of 27,276 members, 12,848 of whom live on the reserve. The six nations of the Iroquois Confederacy are the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca and Tuscarora. Some Lenape (also known as Delaware) live in the territory as well.

The Six Nations reserve is bordered by the County of Brant, Norfolk County, and Haldimand County, with a subsection reservation, the New Credit Reserve, located within its boundaries. The acreage at present covers some 46,000 acres (190 km2) near the city of Brantford, Ontario. This represents approximately 8% of the original 550,000 acres (2,200 km2) of land granted to the Six Nations by the 1784 Haldimand Proclamation.