hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skjold Neckelmann
Skjold Neckelmann (born November 24, 1854 - May 13, 1903)  was a Danish-German architect, best known for designing four Strasbourg buildings that are landmarks of the Neustadt district - the National and University Library, the National Theatre, the Palais de Justice and  Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Catholic Church.

National Theatre of Strasbourg
The National Theatre of Strasbourg (French: Théâtre national de Strasbourg, pronounced [teɑtʁ nɑsjɔnal də stʁasbuʁ]; TNS) is a palace building on Strasbourg's Place de la République, now occupied by a theatre company of the same name, the National Theatre of Strasbourg.

The TNS was originally built to house the legislative assembly of the regional parliament of Alsace-Lorraine, after the area came under German control with the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871).
It was built between 1888 and 1889 in neo-Renaissance style by the architect partners August Hartel and Skjold Neckelmann.
Maleke (Kwena)
Maleke was a regent of the Kwena tribe. He was the son of kgosi Seitlhamo and the younger brother of kgosi Legwale. Maleke became regent of the Bakwena after Legwale died c. 1798. As kgosi, Maleke led an attack against a Bangwaketse village in Kanye to avenge the death of his father. He burned the village, and he is said to have killed Tawana, the uncle of the village's leader, Makaba. A short time later, Maleke died of rabies after he was bitten by a dog. He was succeeded as regent by his younger brother Tshosa until Legwale's son Motswasele II became kgosi c. 1805.

Kwena clan
The Bakwena or Bakoena ("those who venerate the crocodile") are a large Sotho-Tswana clan in Southern Africa of the southern Bantu group. They can be found in different parts of southern Africa such as Lesotho, Botswana, South Africa and Eswatini. "Kwena" is a Sotho/Tswana/Sepedi word meaning "crocodile", the crocodile is also their totem (seboko).
Jaenimonas drosophilae
Jaenimonas drosophilae is a trypanosomatid parasite of mushroom-feeding flies, first characterized in Drosophila neotestacea and Drosophila falleni. Jaenimonas takes up residence in the gut of the fly, and infection leads to reduced fecundity of its fly host. The species is named for John Jaenike, a prominent ecologist and evolutionary biologist whose work on mushroom-feeding flies laid the foundation for studies on mycophagous Drosophila.

Of note, Jaenimonas is the only identified trypanosomatid parasite of a Drosophila species, and can facilitate study of insect-trypanosome infection dynamics; Drosophila have powerful genetic tools, and many trypanosomes are vectored by insects and are responsible for diseases such as African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and Leishmaniasis. Additionally, Crithidia trypanosomes are important parasites of Bumblebees implicated in colony collapse disorder.

Drosophila neotestacea
Drosophila neotestacea is a member of the testacea species group of Drosophila. Testacea species are specialist fruit flies that breed on the fruiting bodies of mushrooms. These flies will choose to breed on psychoactive mushrooms such as the Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria. Drosophila neotestacea can be found in temperate regions of North America, ranging from the north eastern United States to western Canada.
The Secret of the Black Trunk
The Secret of the Black Trunk (German: Das Geheimnis der schwarzen Koffer) is a 1962 West German crime thriller film directed by Werner Klingler and starring Joachim Hansen, Senta Berger and Hans Reiser. It is based on the novel Death Packs a Suitcase by British writer Bryan Edgar Wallace. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Paul Markwitz and Wilhelm Vorwerg. It was shot at the Spandau Studios in West Berlin. It was produced at the time a successful series of films were produced based on the novels of Byran's father Edgar Wallace.

Werner Klingler
Karl Adolf Kurt Werner Klingler (23 October 1903 – 23 June 1972) was a German film director and actor. He directed 29 films between 1936 and 1968. He was born in Stuttgart and died in West Berlin, West Germany.
Duke Gong of Cao
Duke Gong of Cao (? – 618 BCE) (Chinese: 曹共公; pinyin: Cáo Gòng Gōng) was the seventeenth ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Spring and Autumn period (770 – 475 BCE). Born Ji Xiang (姬襄), he was the son of Duke Zhao of Cao.

Cao (state)
The State of Cao (simplified Chinese: 曹国; traditional Chinese: 曹國; pinyin: Cáoguó) was a vassal state in China during the Zhou dynasty (1046–221 BC). The state was founded sometime in the 11th century BC by Shu Zhenduo of Cao (d. 1053 BC), a son of King Wen of Zhou and younger brother of King Wu of Zhou. With its capital at Taoqiu (陶丘), the State of Cao covered roughly the area of modern-day Dingtao County, Shandong Province. It was located on the flat country of the North China Plain about 50 miles east of the point where the current course of the Yellow River changes from east to north-east. To the northwest was Wey, to the northeast Lu and to the southeast Song.
Akçalı, Yüksekova
Akçalı (Kurdish: Kertinîs, Syriac: Kartīnes) is a village in Yüksekova District in Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Pinyanişî tribe and had a population of 436 in 2023.

Yüksekova District
Yüksekova District is a district in the Hakkâri Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city Yüksekova. Its area is 2,547 km2 and had a population of 121,969 people in 2023. It borders Iran to the east, and Kurdistan Region of Iraq to the south.
Windham Exempted Village School District
The Windham Exempted Village School District is the public school district for the village of Windham and Windham Township in Portage County in the U.S. state of Ohio. The district has one high school, Windham High School; and one elementary school, Katherine Thomas Elementary School.

Windham, Ohio
Windham is a village in eastern Portage County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,666 at the 2020 census. In 1942, the U.S. government chose Windham as the site of an army camp for workers at the newly built Ravenna Arsenal. As a result, Windham experienced the largest increase in population of any municipality in the nation over the 1940s, at 1,148.7%.

Windham is officially considered part of Akron metropolitan area; however, it is slightly closer to Youngstown than Akron and significantly closer to Warren at 12.8 miles (20.6 km) away, even closer than the county seat of Ravenna. Due to this, the village also positions itself in relation to cities in the Mahoning Valley.  Accordingly, the sole bank in Windham holds membership in the Youngstown-Warren Regional Chamber of Commerce.
Ramechhap District
Ramechhap District (Nepali: रामेछाप जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, also known as Wallo Kirat Ramechhap, has its district headquarters in Manthali and covers an area of 1,546 km2 (597 sq mi). In 2011, the district had a population of 202,646 and population density of 137.4 per km2 (53.1 per sq mi).  It has 11 post offices, with the District Post Office bearing the postal code 45400.

According to EHRP Nepal, the district is made up of eight local municipalities:

Manthali Municipality

Ramechhap Municipality

Umakunda Rural Municipality

Khandadevi Rural Municipality

Gokulganga Rural Municipality

Doramba Rural Municipality

Likhu Rural Municipality

Sunapati Rural Municipality.

Ramechhap District has the highest population of the endangered native group the Kusunda and the lowest population growth rate in Nepal.

Umakunda Rural Municipality
Umakunda is a Rural municipality located within the Ramechhap District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 451.99 square kilometres (174.51 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 17,601 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Gumdel, Bamti Bhandar, Kubukasthali, Priti, Gupteshwar and Bhuji VDCs were merged to form Umakunda Rural Municipality.
Umakunda is divided into 7 wards, with Priti declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.
Nowy Dwór Królewski
Nowy Dwór Królewski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɨ ˈdvur kruˈlɛfskʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.  The built areas of the village take up 3.37 square km.

The village has an area of 337 ha. On her land are 32 individual households, of which the largest is Roman Szulz's. In the village is found a palace built circa 1875.  In the year 1900 the village became the property of Zuzanna Witte. From 1910 to 1945 the village was owned by Gerhard Witte.

Gmina Papowo Biskupie
Gmina Papowo Biskupie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Papowo Biskupie, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of Chełmno and 25 km (16 mi) north of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 70.44 square kilometres (27.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,369.
Kummer's function
In mathematics, there are several functions known as Kummer's function. One is known as the confluent hypergeometric function of Kummer. Another one, defined below, is related to the polylogarithm. Both are named for Ernst Kummer.

Kummer's function is defined by

The duplication formula is

.

Compare this to the duplication formula for the polylogarithm:

An explicit link to the polylogarithm is given by

Ernst Kummer
Ernst Eduard Kummer (29 January 1810 – 14 May 1893) was a German mathematician. Skilled in applied mathematics, Kummer trained German army officers in ballistics; afterwards, he taught for 10 years in a gymnasium, the German equivalent of high school, where he inspired the mathematical career of Leopold Kronecker.
Punjab cricket team (Pakistan)
The Punjab cricket team was a cricket team representing the Punjab region in Pakistan first-class cricket. Punjab teams played in the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy from its inception in 1953–54 to 1957–58, then in the Pentangular Trophy and Quaid-i-Azam Trophy from 1972–73 to 1978–79, then in the Pentangular Cup from 2007–08 to 2011–12. They also won the inaugural 2008–09 Pentangular One Day Cup.

Apart from Punjab itself, Punjab A, Punjab B, Punjab Greens and Punjab Whites also represented the province in the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy. Punjab won the Trophy in 1956–57, Punjab A won it in 1974–75, and Punjab won the Pentangular Cup in 2011–12.

Quaid-e-Azam Trophy
The Quaid-e-Azam Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket competition in Pakistan. With few exceptions, it has been staged annually since it was first played during the 1953–54 season. Domestic cricket in Pakistan has undergone many reorganisations, with the number of teams and matches in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy changing regularly. It has been variously contested by associations or departments, or a combination of the two. Since 2019 it has been contested by regional teams only.
Line-Up (album)
Line-Up is the third album released by English singer Graham Bonnet, formerly of Rainbow. The album made extensive use of musicians and songwriters who, at the time, were members of bands like Whitesnake and Status Quo.

Russ Ballard
Russell Glyn Ballard (born 31 October 1945) is an English rock singer, guitarist, songwriter and producer. Originally rising to prominence as the lead singer and guitarist of the band Argent, Ballard became a prolific songwriter and producer by the late 1970s. His compositions "New York Groove", "You Can Do Magic", "Since You Been Gone", "I Surrender", "Liar", "Winning", "I Know There's Something Going On", "Can't Shake Loose", "So You Win Again", "No More the Fool" and "God Gave Rock and Roll to You" became hits for other artists during the 1970s and 1980s. He also scored several minor hits under his own name in the early and mid-1980s.
Harold Stark
Harold Mead Stark (born August 6, 1939)
is an American mathematician, specializing in number theory. He is best known for his solution of the Gauss class number 1 problem, in effect correcting and completing the earlier work of Kurt Heegner, and for Stark's conjecture. More recently, he collaborated with Audrey Terras to study zeta functions in graph theory. He is currently on the faculty of the University of California, San Diego.

Stark received his bachelor's degree from the California Institute of Technology in 1961 and his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley in 1964. He was on the faculty at the University of Michigan from 1964 to 1968, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1968 to 1980, and at the University of California, San Diego from 1980 to the present.

Stark was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1983 and to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 2007. In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Stark conjectures
In number theory, the Stark conjectures, introduced  by Stark (1971, 1975, 1976, 1980) and later  expanded by Tate (1984), give conjectural information about the coefficient of the leading term in the Taylor expansion of an Artin L-function associated with a Galois extension K/k of algebraic number fields. The conjectures  generalize the analytic class number formula expressing the leading coefficient of the Taylor series for the Dedekind zeta function of a number field as the product of a regulator related to S-units of the field and a rational number.

When K/k is an abelian extension and the order of vanishing of the L-function at s = 0 is one, Stark gave a refinement of his conjecture, predicting the existence of certain S-units, called Stark units, which generate abelian extensions of number fields.
Lowell Line
The Lowell Line is a commuter rail service of the MBTA Commuter Rail system, running north–south between Boston and Lowell, Massachusetts. It is 25.4 miles (40.9 km) long, with nine stations including the terminals at North Station and Lowell station. All stations are accessible except for Mishawum, which has been indefinitely closed since 2020.

Lowell Line service runs on the New Hampshire Main Line, originally built as the Boston and Lowell Railroad in 1835. It was leased by the Boston and Maine Railroad in 1887. Local service operated between Boston and Concord, New Hampshire, with most trains using the Woburn Loop until 1959. The final Concord service ended in 1967 during the transition to Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority subsidization, leaving Lowell–Boston and Woburn–Boston service. Concord service briefly resumed in 1980–81; Woburn service ended in 1981.

Woburn Branch Railroad
The Woburn Branch Railroad (known as the Woburn Loop) was a branch line of the Boston and Lowell Railroad ("B&L") and later of the MBTA Commuter Rail system that connected the Lowell Line with the city square in Woburn, Massachusetts.
X (magazine)
X, A Quarterly Review, often referred to as X magazine, was a British review of literature and the arts published in London which ran for seven issues between 1959 and 1962. It was co-founded and co-edited by Patrick Swift and David Wright.

Brian Higgins (poet)
Brian Higgins (1930 –1965) was an Irish poet, mathematician and professional rugby league footballer.

‘Born at Batley in 1930, bored at Bradford in 1940, in 1950 he had an affair with the gamma function. He was educated in 1960 at the "York Minster", Soho.’

Thus states the biographical note on the endpaper of Brian Higgins's first book of poems, "The Only Need". Brian Higgins died in 1965, before his third book of poems "The Northern Fiddler" appeared. In an introduction to this book the poet George Barker wrote that Higgins "had perceived that the secret at the heart of affairs constituted the most ingenious practical joke, which only a man who was at one and the same time a mathematician and a poet of sentiment could start functioning for the amusement and edification of all concerned."
Higgins called himself "a realist who wished to be romantic".
Beyond Utopia
Beyond Utopia is a 2023 American documentary film directed by Madeleine Gavin. Debuted at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival, the documentary largely centers around Pastor Seungeun Kim, a South Korean human rights activist and director of the Caleb Mission, which has rescued over 1,000 North Korean defectors since 2000. The film also shows amateur footage from inside the DPRK as well as interviews Hyeonseo Lee and other defectors, such as Lee So-yeon.

Kim Sungeun
Pastor Kim Sungeun (Korean: 김성은; born January 2, 1965), also spelled Seungeun or Sung Eun, is a South Korean human rights activist and director of the Caleb Mission, a Christian organization. He is noted for his work in aiding North Korean defectors to safety in South Korea or elsewhere. He has worked to expose human rights abuses committed by the North Korean government. He has also worked to rescue North Korean orphans and to establish international and domestic laws so that the children can be adopted and raised by families. Pastor Kim gained international recognition for his modern-day "Underground Railroad" ministry, which has rescued over 1,000 North Korean defectors since 2000.

His activities were introduced in various media outlets and were featured prominently in the documentary 'Beyond Utopia'. 
The film won the Audience Award for American Documentary at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival.
Interlachen, Oregon
Interlachen is an unincorporated community in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. It is situated between Blue Lake and Fairview Lake, just south of Blue Lake Regional Park and north of Fairview.

The community has approximately 140 property owners, and the homeowners' association was established in 1930. The community's homeowners' association (HOA) believes that Interlachen has the oldest continuously operating HOA in Oregon.

Multnomah County, Oregon
Multnomah County /mʌltˈnoʊmə/ ⓘ is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 815,428. Multnomah County is part of the Portland metropolitan area. The state's smallest and most populous county, its county seat, Portland, is the state's most populous city.
Bilal Khan (actor)
Bilal Khan (Urdu: بلال خان) (15 August 1978 – 14 August 2010) was a Pakistani television actor and model, known for some of his lead roles in major Pakistani drama serials. Khan previously acted in Pakistani movies and the ATV serials such as Dehli kay Bankay and Pal Bhar Mein. He came to prominence after starring in the 2002 Lollywood release Pehla Sajda.

On 11 August 2010, Khan was critically injured during an accidental gas explosion while on set in Islamabad, where he was shooting. He died from his injuries a day before his 32nd birthday, on 14 August 2010. One of his last roles was a guest appearance in the 2010 drama serial Dastaan.

Dastaan (2010 TV series)
Dastaan (Urdu: داستان, lit. 'The tale') is a Pakistani television series based on the 1971 novel Bano by Razia Butt. Dramatized by author and screenwriter Samira Fazal, it originally aired on Hum TV in 2010. It is set amidst the partition of India and the establishment of Pakistan, taking place between 1947 and 1956. It depicts the story of Bano, a Muslim girl from a close-knit family living in Ludhiana, Punjab Province; the plot revolves around the trials and tribulations that she faces after she decides to dedicate her life to the All-India Muslim League.

Director Haissam Hussain stated in an interview that production for the drama began months in advance and that the filming only took a little over two months.
Cortical lobule
A cortical lobule (or renal lobule) is a part of a renal lobe. It consists of the nephrons grouped around a single medullary ray, and draining into a single collecting duct. Its near identical parallel is the rectal lobe, which is present in the majority of mammals.

Lobe (anatomy)
In anatomy, a lobe is a clear anatomical division or extension of an organ (as seen for example in the brain, lung, liver, or kidney) that can be determined without the use of a microscope at the gross anatomy level. This is in contrast to the much smaller lobule, which is a clear division only visible under the microscope.

Interlobar ducts connect lobes and interlobular ducts connect lobules.
Edward, Duke of Guelders
Edward (12 March 1336 – 24 August 1371) was the duke of Guelders and count of Zutphen from 1361 until 1371. After his brother Reginald became Duke of Guelders in 1343, the 14-year-old Edward and his Bronckhorst allies launched a princely rebellion in 1350 against Reginald and their Heeckeren rivals, culminating in the battle at Tiel, capturing his brother in 1361. Edward became Duke of Guelders, but in a dispute with Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg was killed at the battle of Baesweiler in 1371. His imprisoned brother Reginald was released, and reinstated as duke of Guelders.

Princely rebellion
A princely rebellion or princely revolt is an intrastate armed conflict by a prince (or princess) against a reigning monarch of their own family, the ruling dynasty. A prince may rebel against a well-established monarch (usually his father, brother, or uncle, or sometimes mother) in order to seize the throne for himself immediately (either because he is impatient to wait for the current monarch to die or abdicate, or wants to prevent potential rivals from acceding first), to ensure his supposed right to sit on the throne in the future, or to secure other rights, privileges or interests such as appanages, alliances or sources of revenue that the monarch allegedly encroached upon, or failed to deliver or guarantee.

Like wars of succession, princely rebellions were a common type of war in human history, but have seldom occurred after 1900 due to the disappearance of absolute monarchies.
Sun Goddess (album)
Sun Goddess is a jazz album by Ramsey Lewis, released on Columbia Records in 1974. The album reached No. 12 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart and No. 1 on both the Billboard Top Jazz Albums and Top Soul Albums charts. Sun Goddess was also certified Gold in the US by the RIAA.

Maurice White
Maurice White (December 19, 1941 – February 4, 2016) was an American musician, best known as the founder, leader, main songwriter and chief producer of the band Earth, Wind & Fire, also serving as the band's co-lead singer with Philip Bailey.

Described as a "visionary" by Vibe and a "mastermind" by Variety, White was nominated for a total of 22 Grammys, of which he won seven. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame as a member of Earth, Wind & Fire, and was also inducted individually into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. White also worked with musical acts such as Deniece Williams, Cher, The Emotions, Barbra Streisand, Ramsey Lewis, and Neil Diamond.
Electoral district of Aubigny
The electoral district of Aubigny was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Queensland. It was first created in a redistribution ahead of the 1873 colonial election, and existed until the 1972 state election.

Based in the Darling Downs to the north and west of the regional city of Toowoomba, Aubigny was a safe seat for the Country Party, being held by every one of its incarnations from 1915 until 1960, when it was won by the Queensland Labor Party MP Les Diplock, transferring from Condamine. Diplock held the seat as the sole parliamentary representative of the QLP (which merged with the national Democratic Labor Party in 1962) until the seat's abolition in 1972.

Its most notable member was Arthur Edward Moore, member from 1915 until 1941 and Premier of Queensland from 1929 to 1932.

1972 Queensland state election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 27 May 1972 to elect the 82 members of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland.

The Country-Liberal Coalition won its sixth consecutive victory since it won government in 1957 and also its second victory under Joh Bjelke-Petersen.