hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duplicity (law)
In common law jurisdictions, duplicity is the error committed when the charge (known as a count) on an indictment describes more than one offence.

An indictment may contain more than one count, but each count must allege only one offence, so that the defendant (and the jury) can know precisely what offenses he or she is accused of. If a count is poorly drafted so that it alleges two offences, it is said to be "duplicitous". A duplicitous count is defective and may be quashed by the judge, unless the judge permits the count to be amended so that it only alleges one offence, or is split into two counts. If a duplicitous count is not noticed until after the defendant has been convicted on it, the verdict may be void.

Duplicity is not to be mistaken with multiplicity, which is similar to duplicity in law. While duplicity refers to multiple offences under the same count, multiplicity regards multiple counts that reflect the same offence.

Indictment
An indictment (/ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/ in-DYTE-mənt) is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that use the concept of felonies, the most serious criminal offense is a felony. Jurisdictions that do not use that concept often use that of an indictable offence, which is an offence that requires an indictment.
Carrier Air Wing Six
Carrier Air Wing Six (CVW-6) was a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing whose operational history spans from the middle of World War II to the end of the Cold War.  Established in 1943 as Carrier Air Group Seventeen (CVG-17), it would be re-designated several times during its establishment, including Carrier Air Group Six (CVG-6) as the second unit to be so designated.  The first Carrier Air Group Six served for just over two years during World War II, but drew on the history of the Enterprise Air Group established in 1938 and active in the early battles of the Pacific War, being disestablished after the first year of the conflict.  During its time in USS Enterprise (CV-6), it was the Navy's only carrier-based air group to carry out three complete tours of duty during World War II.

Carrier Air Group Six
The first Carrier Air Group to use the designation Carrier Air Group Six was established on 15 March 1943. It was constituted from the squadrons of the Enterprise Air Group which had been disestablished on 1 September 1942 and was initially assigned to USS Enterprise (CV-6). Due to the manner in which the United States Navy determines unit lineage, in which a unit's lineage begins at establishment and ends at disestablishment, the Enterprise Air Group and Carrier Air Group Six are two separate and distinct units and do not share a lineage.
John Gawsworth
Terence Ian Fytton Armstrong (29 June 1912 – 23 September 1970), better known as John Gawsworth (and also sometimes known as T. I. F. Armstrong), was a British writer, poet and compiler of anthologies, both of poetry and of short stories. He also used the pseudonym Orpheus Scrannel (alluding to the "scrannel pipes" in Milton's Lycidas). He declared himself king of the unrecognized micronation of the Kingdom of Redonda in 1947, and started calling himself King Juan I.

M. P. Shiel
Matthew Phipps Shiell (21 July 1865 – 17 February 1947), known as M. P. Shiel, was a British writer, remembered mainly for supernatural horror and scientific romances. His work was published as serials, novels, and as short stories. The Purple Cloud (1901, revised 1929) remains his most often reprinted novel.
Jacob and Rebecca Fuerst Farmstead
The Jacob and Rebecca Fuerst Farmstead was a farm located at 24000 Taft Road in Novi, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The farm was demolished in 2008 and the property redeveloped into Fuerst Park.

Novi, Michigan
Novi (/ˈnoʊvaɪ/ ⓘ NOH-vy) is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northwestern suburb of Detroit, Novi is located roughly 25 miles (40.2 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 66,243, an increase of 20% from the 2010 census.
Cameron Indoor Stadium
Cameron Indoor Stadium is an indoor arena located on the campus of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. The 9,314-seat facility is the primary indoor athletic venue for the Duke Blue Devils and serves as the home court for Duke men's and women's basketball and women's volleyball. It opened in January 1940 and was known as Duke Indoor Stadium until 1972, when it was named for Eddie Cameron, who served at Duke as men's basketball coach from 1928 to 1942, as football coach from 1942 to 1945, and as athletic director from 1951 to 1972. The arena is located adjacent to its predecessor, Card Gymnasium, which opened in 1930.

Card Gymnasium
Card Gymnasium is a multi-purpose arena in Durham, North Carolina.   It was home to the Duke University Blue Devils basketball team from its opening in 1930 until Cameron Indoor Stadium opened in 1940. During its years as home to the men's basketball team, it had a capacity of approximately 4,000. It was originally named “Duke Gymnasium” before being named after former Blue Devils head basketball coach, Wilbur Wade Card, in 1958. It currently serves as the home to Duke Wrestling and Fencing.
Scott Frost (writer)
Scott Frost is an American screenwriter and novelist. He is the son of actor Warren Frost and the brother of Mark Frost and actress Lindsay Frost. He worked with his brother and David Lynch on the Twin Peaks television series, writing two episodes. He wrote episode 1.4 of the little-seen On the Air television series for Lynch and his brother, although the episode was never aired in the United States. Among others, he has also written an episode of Babylon 5 entitled "The Long Dark", and two episodes of Andromeda. In the early 1990s, he wrote the script for the mystery/thriller TV movie Past Tense with Miguel Tejada-Flores. He again worked with his brother on the 2001 series All Souls.

Warren Frost
Warren Frost (June 5, 1925 – February 17, 2017) was an American actor. His work was mainly in theater, but he worked in films and television sporadically from 1958. He is known for television roles on Matlock and Seinfeld, and particularly as Doctor Hayward on Twin Peaks, a series co-created by his son Mark Frost. He has also appeared in TV movies, such as Psycho IV: The Beginning (1990) and The Stand (1994).
Charles Mammie
Charles Hilton Mammie is a Sierra Leonean professional basketball player who last played for the Pilipinas MX3 Kings in the ASEAN Basketball League. In December 2015, Mammie, along with Emmerson Oreta, Sunday Salvacion, Adrian Celada, Jondan Salvador, and Chad Alonzo, were released by the Pilipinas MX3 Kings after a roster overhaul. He was later replaced by Shaun Pruitt.

Emmerson Oreta
Emmerson Serrano Oreta (born March 28, 1980) is a Filipino former professional basketball player who currently serves as the commissioner for the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). He was undrafted in the 2005 PBA draft.
Aghjabadi District
Aghjabadi District (Azerbaijani: Ağcabədi rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the centre of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojavend, Agdam, Barda, Zardab, Beylagan, and Fuzuli. Its capital and largest city is Aghjabadi. As of 2020, the district had a population of 136,800.

Fuzuli District
Fuzuli District (Azerbaijani: Füzuli rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the south-west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojavend, Aghjabadi, Beylagan, Jabrayil, and the Ardabil Province of Iran.

Its capital is Fuzuli, however since the city is completely ruined following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the current de facto capital is Horadiz until Fuzuli is rebuilt. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 133,800.
Keeney House (Le Roy, New York)
The Keeney House is located on Main Street (New York State Route 5) in Le Roy, New York, United States. It is a two-story wood frame house dating to the mid-19th century. Inside it has elaborately detailed interiors. It is surrounded by a landscaped front and back yard.

Originally it was in the Greek Revival architectural style, with more elaborate decoration on its main facade. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was home to horticulturist Calvin N. Kenney (1849–1930), breeder of the stringless bean. In 1927, the home was renovated in the Federal Revival style by Bryant Fleming, leaving it with a more restrained main facade. The house and its carriage house were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Le Roy (village), New York
Le Roy is a village in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 4,391 at the 2010 census. The village lies in the center of the town of Le Roy at the intersection of State Routes 5 and 19.
Ken Bruzenak
Ken Bruzenak (born August 30, 1952) is an American comic book letterer, primarily known for his work on Howard Chaykin’s American Flagg! Bruzenak's lettering and logowork was integral to the comic's futuristic, trademark-littered ambience. During the course of his career, Bruzenak has been closely associated with both Chaykin and Jim Steranko.

Letterer
A letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators responsible for drawing the comic book's text. The letterer's use of typefaces, calligraphy, letter size, and layout all contribute to the impact of the comic-book-reading experience. The letterer crafts the comic's "display lettering": the story's title lettering, creator credits, and any specialized captions that appear on the story's first page. They also craft the lettering that appears in the word balloons, also designing the various sound effects that appear within the comic book story. Many letterers also design logos for the comic book company's various titles.
Vokshi
Vokshi is an Albanian surname and tribe. Notable people with the surname include:

Albana Vokshi (born 1971), Albanian politician

Asim Vokshi (1909–1937), Albanian Kosovar soldier

Sulejman Vokshi (1815–1890), Albanian military commander and politician

The tribe according to Robert Elsie has its origins from the Thaçi tribe. The name for Vokshi is claimed to stem from the Albanian word vogël, which means “small” or “little”.

Thaçi (tribe)
Thaçi is a historical Albanian tribe (fis) and region in Pukë, Northern Albania. The ancestors of the Thaçi tribe are said to have migrated from Muriqan in Ana Malit. The Thaçi are often referred to as courageous and smart people by the neighboring tribes due to their supposed qualities of slyness and deception.
FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg
FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg is a Russian football club from Saint Petersburg, in Northwest Russia. Founded in 1922, the club was one of the oldest in the city. It plays in the fourth-tier Russian Second League Division B.

They were a regular in the Soviet Top League until relegation in 1963. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, their highest status was in the second-level Russian National Football League  for several seasons, and the fifth place in the league is their greatest achievement.

In July 2015, the club was purchased by Boris Rotenberg. In June 2018, the team moved to Sochi, becoming PFC Sochi; In Saint Petersburg there remained Dynamo youth team. In 2019, Dynamo was reestablished by Clubs' Veterans on the resources of FC LAZ Luga. From August 2021 to 2023, Chinese trucks manufacturer SAIC Iveco Hongyan was the main sponsor. Since 2023, SETL Group company are the Clubs’ sponsor.

Petrovsky Stadium
The Petrovsky Stadium (Russian: стадион «Петровский») is part of a sports complex that consists of a number of buildings, with the stadium being used mostly for football and sometimes athletics. The Grand Sport Arena of the Petrovsky Sport Complex was the home of Zenit Saint Petersburg until 2017 and Tosno in 2017–2018.

The complex also contains another football stadium, Minor Sport Arena (MSA). MSA of Petrovsky, as of 2022, was used by several teams that compete in lower professional leagues: Dynamo Saint Petersburg and Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg (selected matches). The capacity of MSA is 2835. The whole complex is located in the Petrograd region of central St. Petersburg on Petrovsky Island – an island in the Malaya Neva River connected to the adjacent Petrogradsky islands through Zhdanovsky bridge. The nearest metro station Sportivnaya is around 150 metres (490 ft) away from the stadium.
Akköprü
Akköprü (Turkish: ak köprü, "white bridge", Ottoman Turkish: اق کوپری) is a historical bridge in Yenimahalle district of Ankara, Turkey, crosses the Ankara River in front of Varlık neighbourhood. It is the oldest bridge in Ankara and still in good condition. The neighbourhood around the bridge was also named 'Akköprü'. The area is home to the great Atatürk Cultural Centre and Ankamall shopping centre, the biggest mall in Ankara.

Yenimahalle
Yenimahalle is a municipality and metropolitan district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 219 km2, and its population is 704,652 (2022). It is a fast-growing urban residential district of the city of Ankara, Turkey's capital. Its elevation is 861 m (2,825 ft).
Sonnenberg (Eifel)
The Sonnenberg, near Heimbach in the county of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, is a hill, 393.3 m above sea level (NHN), in the Rur Eifel, a northern part of the Eifel mountains in Germany.

Heimbach
Heimbach (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪmbax] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Düren of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Roer, in the Eifel hills, approx. 20 km south of Düren. Heimbach has the smallest population of any town in North Rhine-Westphalia.

The town districts of Heimbach are Blens (300 residents), Düttling (85 residents), Hasenfeld (1200 residents), Hausen (270 residents), Hergarten (500 residents) and Vlatten (900 residents), which prior to 1972 were villages with their own administration. Heimbach main town has about 1100 residents. Between Hausen and Hergarten lies the hamlet of Walbig, and between Hasenfeld and Schmidt (City of Nideggen) is the hamlet of Buschfelder Hof, which formerly belonged to Blens.
Mirrabooka Avenue
Mirrabooka Avenue is a major north–south road located in the northern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. It is a four-lane dual carriageway for its entire length. It mainly passes through residential areas, as well as industrial areas on the northern end of the road in Landsdale. On the southern end, it is continuous with Nollamara Avenue. On the northern end, it is continuous with Gnangara Road, which meets up with Ocean Reef Road and state route 84.

Gnangara Road
Gnangara Road is an arterial east–west road in Perth, Western Australia. It is located within the northern suburbs of Perth, from Madeley in the west, to Henley Brook in the east. Gnangara Road provides a connection between Great Northern Highway (via West Swan Road) and Wanneroo Road. The construction of the Ocean Reef Road extension in 2011 altered the road network in the Landsdale area in Landsdale. The plans show Gnangara Road as discontinuous between Mirrabooka Avenue and Alexander Drive, with the Mirrabooka Avenue and Ocean Reef Road extensions linking the two sections. Following construction, those linking road sections were named as Gnangara Road, allowing the road to remain continuous.
Edwards Aquifer
The Edwards Aquifer is one of the most prolific artesian aquifers in the world. Located on the eastern edge of the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas, it is the source of drinking water for two million people, and is the primary water supply for agriculture and industry in the aquifer's region. Additionally, the Edwards Aquifer feeds the Comal and San Marcos Springs, provides springflow for recreational and downstream uses in the Nueces, San Antonio, Guadalupe, and San Marcos river basins, and is home to several unique and endangered species.

Edwards Plateau
The Edwards Plateau is a geographic region forming the crossroads of Central, South and West Texas, United States. It is named in honor of Haden Edwards. It is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east; the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north; and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west. San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The plateau, especially its southeast portion, is also known as the Texas Hill Country.
Germania (book)
The Germania, written by the Roman historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus around 98 AD and originally titled On the Origin and Situation of the Germans (Latin: De origine et situ Germanorum), is a historical and ethnographic work on the Germanic peoples outside the Roman Empire.

Christopher B. Krebs
Christopher B. Krebs is the Gesue and Helen Spogli Professor of Italian Studies, Professor of Classics, and, by courtesy, of German Studies and Comparative Literature Stanford University.  Krebs' principal research interests are Greek and Roman Historiography, Latin Lexicography and the Classical tradition.
Ozzy Lusth
Oscar "Ozzy" Lusth (born August 23, 1981) is an American reality show contestant who has appeared on several shows, including Survivor: Cook Islands; Survivor: Micronesia; Survivor: South Pacific; Survivor: Game Changers; and the upcoming 50th season, Survivor 50: In the Hands of the Fans; set to premiere on February 25, 2026. He also competed on the second season of American Ninja Warrior. and the Playboy reality series, Foursome.

Rob Mariano
Robert Carlo Mariano (born December 25, 1975), known by the nickname Boston Rob, is an American television personality, known for appearing in the CBS reality show Survivor. He placed tenth in the show's fourth season Survivor: Marquesas, finished as the runner-up to his eventual wife Amber Brkich in the show's eighth season Survivor: All-Stars, came in 13th place in the show's 20th season Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, and won the show's 22nd season Survivor: Redemption Island. Mariano returned for the show's 39th season Survivor: Island of the Idols as a mentor for the new players alongside Sandra Diaz-Twine. He competed for a fifth time, coming in 17th place in the show's 40th season Survivor: Winners at War. Mariano is the first person to compete on Survivor five times.

Mariano also competed on other reality shows, including on The Amazing Race twice alongside his wife (The Amazing Race 7 and The Amazing Race 11: All-Stars), as well as Deal or No Deal Island and The Traitors 3.
Austin Idol
Michael McCord (born October 26, 1949) is an American retired professional wrestler and current Manager in the National Wrestling Alliance, better known by the ring name Austin Idol. He is best known for his appearances in the Mid-South with the Continental Wrestling Association, in particular his recurring feud with Jerry Lawler.

Continental Championship Wrestling
Continental Championship Wrestling was a professional wrestling promotion based in Knoxville, Tennessee, and Dothan, Alabama, from 1985 until 1989, owned by Ron Fuller. The promotion evolved out of the NWA-affiliated Southeastern Championship Wrestling and Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling territories owned by Fuller, who purchased the Knoxville territory from John Cazana in 1974 and the Alabama/Florida territory in 1977. When Fuller sold the promotion to David Woods in 1988, the name was changed to Continental Wrestling Federation.
Frank Gardiner
Frank Gardiner (1830 – c. 1882) was an Australian bushranger who became notorious for his lead role in the largest gold heist in Australian history, at Eugowra, New South Wales in June 1862. Gardiner and his gang, which included bushrangers Ben Hall, John O'Meally and John Gilbert, made off with a pile of cash and 77 kilograms of gold, worth about $10 million in modern Australian currency.

After the Eugowra robbery, Gardiner escaped to Queensland, where he ran a general store until he was tracked down by police in 1864. Following his arrest, he was tried at the Supreme Court of New South Wales and sentenced to 32 years imprisonment. In response to a petition for his release, he was pardoned after 10 years and exiled. He moved to the United States, where he died in or around 1882.

John O'Meally
John O'Meally (June 1840 – 19 November 1863), known informally as 'Jack' O'Meally, was an Australia bushranger.  He was recruited to join the Gardiner–Hall gang to carry out the gold escort robbery near Eugowra in June 1862, Australia's largest gold theft. O'Meally became a member of the group of bushrangers led by Johnny Gilbert and Ben Hall, which committed many robberies in the central west of New South Wales.  Considered to be the most violent and hot-headed of the group, O'Meally was probably responsible for two murders during this time.  The gang managed to evade the police for long periods and became the most notorious of the bushranging gangs of the 1860s.  Jack O'Meally was shot and killed during an attack on the 'Goimbla' station homestead in November 1863.
Carbodiimide
In organic chemistry, a carbodiimide (systematic IUPAC name: methanediimine) is a functional group with the formula RN=C=NR. On Earth they are exclusively synthetic, but in interstellar space the parent compound HN=C=NH has been detected by its maser emissions.

A well known carbodiimide is dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which is used in peptide synthesis. Dialkylcarbodiimides are stable. Some diaryl derivatives tend to convert to dimers and polymers upon standing at room temperature, though this mostly occurs with low melting point carbodiimides that are liquids at room temperature. Solid diaryl carbodiimides are more stable, but can slowly undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water over time.

Nucleic acid structure determination
Experimental approaches of determining the structure of nucleic acids, such as RNA and DNA, can be largely classified into biophysical and biochemical methods. Biophysical methods use the fundamental physical properties of molecules for structure determination, including X-ray crystallography, NMR and cryo-EM. Biochemical methods exploit the chemical properties of nucleic acids using specific reagents and conditions to assay the structure of nucleic acids. Such methods may involve chemical probing with specific reagents, or rely on native or analogue chemistry. Different experimental approaches have unique merits and are suitable for different experimental purposes.
Omaya SC
Omaya Sports Club (Arabic: نادي أمية الرياضي) is a Syrian football club located in the province of Idlib. Omaya SC last played in the Syrian Premier League. The club won the Second Division and was promoted for the first time in 1991. From 2015 until late 2024, the club withdrew from the Syrian Premier League because of the Syrian civil war., before being promoted again in after the 2024–2025 season.

Idlib
Idlib (Arabic: إِدْلِب, romanized: ʾIdlib, pronounced [ʔid.lib]; also spelt Idleb or Edlib) is a city in northwestern Syria, and is the capital of the Idlib Governorate. It has an elevation of nearly 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level, and is 59 kilometers (37 mi) southwest of Aleppo. It is located near the border with Turkey.
Slocan (electoral district)
Slocan was a provincial electoral district of British Columbia, Canada. It made its first appearance in the election of 1903 and its last in the general election of 1920. It was succeeded by the Kaslo-Slocan riding in the 1924 election.

Kaslo-Slocan
Kaslo-Slocan was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia centred on the town of Kaslo on Kootenay Lake as well as the mining towns of the "Silvery Slocan".  The riding first appeared in the 1924 election as the result of a merger of the former ridings of Kaslo and Slocan, and lasted until the 1963 election.