hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leiden algorithm
The Leiden algorithm is a community detection algorithm developed by Traag et al
 at Leiden University. It was developed as a modification of the 
Louvain method. Like the Louvain method, the Leiden algorithm attempts to optimize modularity in extracting communities from networks; however, it addresses key issues present in the Louvain method, namely poorly connected communities and the resolution limit of modularity.

Louvain method
The Louvain method for community detection is a greedy optimization method intended to extract non-overlapping communities from large networks created by Blondel et al. from the University of Louvain (the source of this method's name).
JW Marriott Hotel Hong Kong
JW Marriott Hotel Hong Kong is a 5-star hotel located in Admiralty, the heart of Hong Kong Island and next to Wan Chai and Central. The hotel is situated in the Pacific Place complex, directly connected to the Admiralty MTR station. It opened on 27 February 1989 and is the first Marriott International hotel in the Asia-Pacific region. The upper floors of the building are occupied by Upper House Hong Kong.

The hotel has 581 guestrooms and 27 suites with panoramic views of the city, harbour and mountains. It offers 8 restaurants including Michelin-starred Man Ho Chinese Restaurant, JW Café, The Lounge, alfresco Fish Bar, Flint, Pool Lounge, Bar Q88 and Dolce 88. The hotel also has 18 function rooms, a 24-hour fully equipped fitness centre, massage treatments, an outdoor pool, business services and 24-hour in-room dining.

Central, Hong Kong
Central (Chinese: 中環), also known as Central District, is the central business district of Hong Kong. It is located in the northeastern corner of the Central and Western District, on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, across Victoria Harbour from Tsim Sha Tsui, the southernmost point of Kowloon Peninsula. The area was the heart of Victoria City, although that name is rarely used anymore.

As the central business district of Hong Kong, it is the area where many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters. Consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as is Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters until 2011. The area, with its proximity to Victoria Harbour, has served as the centre of trade and financial activities from the earliest days of the British colonial era in 1841, and continues to flourish and serve as the place of administration since the handover to China in 1997.
Ask the rabbi
Ask the Rabbi is a term used in Jewish newspapers and on Jewish websites for responsa, known as Shut (Hebrew: שו"ת, literally Q&A), the traditional term for correspondence with rabbis, usually on a Halachic basis. This phrase is often used in casual conversation in Hebrew pop culture.

Responsa
Responsa (plural of Latin responsum, 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them. In the modern era, the term is used to describe decisions and rulings made by scholars in historic religious law.
Wildmoossee
The Wildmoossee is an aperiodic mountain lake, 3 kilometres west of Seefeld in Tirol near the village of Wildmoos in the market borough of Telfs.

The lake lies in the area of the water-soluble main dolomite of the Seefeld Plateau at a height of 1,316 metres. As a result the ground underneath contains chasms that reach up to the bottom of the lake. About every four years, so much groundwater builds up as a result of precipitation and snow meltwater that it is forced upwards out of the chasms under pressure and emerges spring-like at the surface, filling the lake basin. The highest water levels are usually reached in May. In late autumn, the lake empties itself again.

This cycle can change due to the variable level of water resulting from variations in precipitation.

The same karst landscape related phenomenon occurs at the Lottensee lake, 1.5 kilometres to the southwest.

Seefeld Plateau
Plateau 47°19′43″N 11°11′34″E﻿ / ﻿47.32861°N 11.19278°E﻿ / 47.32861; 11.19278

The Seefeld Plateau (German: Seefelder Plateau) is a montane valley and basin landscape in the North Tyrolean Limestone Alps about 500 metres above the Inn valley in the Austrian state of Tyrol. The plateau covers the valley basin around the villages of  Seefeld in Tirol and Scharnitz as well as the valley of Leutaschtal.
Siege of Erivan (1808)
The siege of Erivan took place in October and November 1808, during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813. As in 1804, the Iranians successfully defended the city and forced the Russians to withdraw.

The Russian campaign, launched late in the season and poorly conceived and executed, failed after a six-week siege of the Iranian fortress of Erivan. The Russians had suffered 3,000 casualties with almost 1,000 deaths.

Russian field marshal Ivan Gudovich tried to excuse his defeat by claiming that French military officers had helped the Iranians, but Gudovich's superiors, as modern historian Alexander Mikaberidze explains, "knew better". Tsar Alexander I was severely dissatisfied; when he heard about Gudovich's failure, he named his expedition as "stupid", and without any sort of compassion, sent him into retirement.

Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
The Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 was one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and, like many of their other conflicts, began as a territorial dispute. The new Persian king, Fath Ali Shah Qajar, wanted to consolidate the northernmost reaches of his kingdom—modern-day Georgia—which had been annexed by Tsar Paul I several years after the Russo-Persian War of 1796. Like his Persian counterpart, the Tsar Alexander I was also new to the throne and equally determined to control the disputed territories.

The war ended in 1813 with the Treaty of Gulistan which ceded the previously disputed territory of Georgia to Imperial Russia, and also the undisputed Iranian territories of Dagestan, most of what is modern Azerbaijan, and minor parts of Armenia.
2016 Malabon local elections
Local elections were held in Malabon on May 9, 2016, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the two Congressmen, and the twelve councilors for the city's two Sangguniang Panglungsod districts, six for each district.

Antolin Oreta III
Antolin "Lenlen" Aquino Oreta III (born September 16, 1971), is a Filipino politician who served as a member of House of Representatives representing the Lone District of Malabon since 2025 and formerly served mayor of Malabon from 2012 to 2022 as Vice Mayor from 2010 up until his succession as mayor. He is the son of former Senator Tessie Aquino-Oreta.
Real Valladolid Promesas
Real Valladolid Club de Fútbol Promesas is the reserve team of Real Valladolid, a Spanish football club based in Valladolid, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded in 1942, currently plays in Segunda Federación – Group 1, holding home games at the Ciudad Deportiva del Real Valladolid, which seats 1,500 spectators.

Ciudad Deportiva del Real Valladolid
The Ciudad Deportiva del Real Valladolid, commonly known as Campos Anexos al Estadio José Zorrilla, is the training ground and academy base of the Spanish football club Real Valladolid. It was opened in 1988.

Located few metres west of the Estadio José Zorrilla, it is used for youth and senior teams trainings.
From Holmes to Sherlock
From Holmes to Sherlock: The Story of the Men and Women Who Created an Icon is a non-fiction book by Mattias Boström which explores the history of Sherlock Holmes and Sherlock fandom, originally published in 2017. It was nominated for an Edgar Award in the category of "Best Critical/Biographical" by the Mystery Writers of America. It won an Agatha Award for "Best Nonfiction" in 2018.

The book was originally published in Swedish. The English edition is translated by Michael Gallagher.

Sherlock Holmes fandom
Sherlock Holmes fandom is an international, informal community of fans of the stories by Arthur Conan Doyle featuring the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. The fans are known as Sherlockians or Holmesians. Many fans of Sherlock Holmes participate in societies around the world, and engage in a variety of activities such as discussion, tourism, and collecting.
Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott (Reger)
Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"), Op. 27, is a chorale fantasia for organ by Max Reger. He composed it in 1898 on Luther's hymn "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott". The full title is Phantasie über den Choral "Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott".

Chorale fantasia
Chorale fantasia is a type of large composition based on a chorale melody, both works for organ, and vocal settings, for example the opening movements of Bach's chorale cantatas, with the chorale melody as a cantus firmus.
Páramos (comarca)
Páramos, also known as "Sedano y Las Loras", is a comarca located northwest of the province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bounded on the north-east by the Merindades, north-west by Cantabria, west by the Province of Palencia, and in the south by the Alfoz de Burgos and Odra-Pisuerga comarcas.

Odra-Pisuerga
Odra-Pisuerga is a comarca (county, but without administrative roles) located in the west of the province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is bounded by the west and south-west by the province of Palencia, south-east by the Arlanza comarca, west by the Alfoz de Burgos and north by the Páramos comarca.
Lynn Townsend White Jr.
Lynn Townsend White Jr. (April 29, 1907 – March 30, 1987) was an American historian of technology and college president. He was an instructor in medieval history at Princeton University from 1933 to 1937, a professor at Stanford University from 1937 to 1943, president of Mills College, Oakland, California, from 1943 to 1958, and a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1958 until 1987. He is best known for the controversial book Medieval Technology and Social Change (1962) and for controversial articles on religion, technology, and ecology such as "Dynamo and Virgin Reconsidered" (The American Scholar, 1958) and "The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis" (Science, 1967). White helped to found the Society for the History of Technology and was its president from 1960 to 1962. He won the 1963 Pfizer Award for Medieval Technology and Social Change and the Leonardo da Vinci Medal in 1964.

Crank (mechanism)
A crank is an arm attached at a right angle to a rotating shaft by which circular motion is imparted to or received from the shaft. When combined with a connecting rod, it can be used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice versa. The arm may be a bent portion of the shaft, or a separate arm or disk attached to it. Attached to the end of the crank by a pivot is a rod, usually called a connecting rod (conrod).

The term often refers to a human-powered crank which is used to manually turn an axle, as in a bicycle crankset or a brace and bit drill. In this case a person's arm or leg serves as the connecting rod, applying reciprocating force to the crank. There is usually a bar perpendicular to the other end of the arm, often with a freely rotatable handle or pedal attached.
North West 3
North West 3 was an English Rugby Union league which was at the ninth tier of the domestic competition and was available to teams in North West England.  Promoted teams moved up to North West 2 while relegated teams dropped to either South Lancs/Cheshire 1 or North Lancs/Cumbria depending on their location.

At the end of the 1999-2000 the division was cancelled along with North West 1, North West 2, and their counterparts North East 1, North East 2 and North East 3, due to northern league restructuring by the RFU. Most teams in North West 3 were transferred to their relevant regional leagues - South Lancs/Cheshire 1, South Lancs/Cheshire 2, North Lancs/Cumbria or the Cumbrian League depending on final league position.

North East 1
North East 1 was an English Rugby Union league which was at the 7th tier of the domestic competition and was available to teams in North East England.  Promoted teams moved up to North 2 East while relegated teams dropped to North East 2.  The division was abolished at the end of the 1999–2000 season due to RFU restructuring with teams either being moved up to North 2 East or dropping down to regional leagues such as Yorkshire 1 or Durham/Northumberland 1.

As a result of the RFU introducing the Courage League Division 5, between 1994 and 1996, some teams from North East 1 was merged with some teams from North West 1, taking the name North Division 2.  However, North East 1 remained as a league, but one rung further down the ladder. Rather confusingly during this spell North Division 2 became North Division 1 and North Division 1 became National Division 5 North.  The cancellation of Courage League Division 5 in 1996 would see the league names revert once again.
Two Dogmas of Empiricism
"Two Dogmas of Empiricism" is a canonical essay by analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine published in 1951.  According to University of Sydney professor of philosophy Peter Godfrey-Smith, this "paper [is] sometimes regarded as the most important in all of twentieth-century philosophy". The paper is an attack on two central aspects of the logical positivists' philosophy: the first being the analytic–synthetic distinction between analytic truths and synthetic truths, explained by Quine as truths grounded only in meanings and independent of facts, and truths grounded in facts; the other being reductionism, the theory that each meaningful statement gets its meaning from some logical construction of terms that refer exclusively to immediate experience.

"Two Dogmas" has six sections. The first four focus on analyticity, the last two on reductionism. There, Quine turns the focus to the logical positivists' theory of meaning. He also presents his own holistic theory of meaning.

P. F. Strawson
Sir Peter Frederick Strawson FBA (/ˈstrɔːsən/; 23 November 1919 – 13 February 2006) was an English philosopher who spent most of his career at the University of Oxford.  He was the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at Magdalen College, Oxford from 1968 to 1987. He had previously held the positions of college lecturer and tutorial fellow at University College, Oxford, a college he returned to upon his retirement in 1987, and which provided him with rooms until his death.

Paul Snowdon and Anil Gomes, in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, comment that Strawson "exerted a considerable influence on philosophy, both during his lifetime and, indeed, since his death."
Tunari (Bolivia)
Tunari is a mountain in the Tunari mountain range of the Bolivian Andes, about 5,023 m (16,480 ft) high. It is situated in the Cochabamba Department, Quillacollo Province, Quillacollo Municipality, northwest of Quillacollo. Tunari lies southeast of Wayna Tunari.

Wayna Tunari
Wayna Tunari (Aymara and Quechua wayna young) is a mountain in the Tunari mountain range of the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,800 m (15,748 ft). It is situated in the Cochabamba Department, Ayopaya Province, Morochata Municipality, and in the Quillacollo Province, Vinto Municipality. It lies northwest of Tunari.
Project Vela
Project Vela was a United States Department of Defense project to monitor Soviet Union compliance with the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty. The treaty banned the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in outer space, and underwater, but permitted underground testing.

Vela (satellite)
Vela was the name of a group of reconnaissance satellites developed as the Vela Hotel element of Project Vela by the United States to detect nuclear detonations and monitor Soviet Union compliance with the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty.

Vela started out as a small budget research program in 1959. It ended 26 years later as a successful, cost-effective military space system, which also provided scientific data on natural sources of space radiation. In the 1970s, the nuclear detection mission was taken over by the Defense Support Program (DSP) satellites. In the late 1980s, it was augmented by the Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The program is now called the Integrated Operational NuDet (Nuclear Detonation) Detection System (IONDS).
Günther Uecker
Günther Uecker (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʏntɐ ˈʔʏkɐ]; 13 March 1930 – 10 June 2025) was a German painter, sculptor, op artist and installation artist. He became known primarily for his nail reliefs. In 1961, Uecker joined the ZERO group.

Dominique Lévy
Dominique Astrid Lévy (born June 1967) is a Swiss art dealer, and co-founder and partner, with Brett Gorvy, of Lévy Gorvy Dayan, a gallery with offices in New York City, London, Switzerland, Hong Kong and Paris.
Lev Kolodub
Lev  Mykolajovych Kolodub (Ukrainian: Левко́ Микола́йович Колоду́б; 1 May 1930 – 23 February 2019) was a Ukrainian composer and teacher,  Honored Artist of Ukraine (1973), People's Artist of Ukraine (1993), recipient of the Shevchenko National Prize (2010), and head of the Ukrainian Music Foundation (1988—1994) Kyiv branch of National Union of Composers of Ukraine (1994—1999).

National Academy of Arts of Ukraine
The National Ukrainian Academy of Arts (Ukrainian: Національна академія мистецтв України, НАМ України, romanized: Natsionalna akademiia mystetstv Ukrainy, NAM Ukrainy) is a state scientific and artistic institution in the field of art, culture, and art history in Ukraine. The academy is one of the six state funded institutions along with the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine that was established in 1996 and obtained its National status in 2010. The membership to the academy is on an electoral basis for the distinguished specialists of professional artistry: theater and film directors, composers, painters, conductors, actors etc.
Fu Zhensong
Fu Zhensong (Wade–Giles: Fu Chen-sung; 1872–1953), also known by his courtesy name Fu Qiankun, was a grandmaster of Wudangquan martial arts. He was best known as one of the famed "Five Northern Tigers," and a third-generation master of Baguazhang who founded Fu Style Baguazhang. He was also a soldier and a supporter of Sun Yat-sen.

Fu-style baguazhang
Fu-style Wudangquan is a family style of Chinese martial arts encompassing tai chi, xingyiquan, baguazhang, liangyiquan, bajiquan, and Wudang Sword. Fu Style Baguazhang is one of the five styles of baguazhang recognized as orthodox in China. It is the highest form of the Fu-style martial arts.
2010–11 Watford F.C. season
Watford Football Club (also known simply as Watford, or as The Hornets) is an English association football club from the town of Watford, in Hertfordshire. The 2010–11 English football season officially began on 1 July 2010, and ended on 30 June 2011, although Watford only played competitive fixtures between August and May. The team competed in the Football League Championship for the fourth consecutive season, following relegation from the Premier League in 2006–07. The club chairman was Graham Taylor, who as a manager took Watford from the Fourth Division to the top division of English football. Their manager was Malky Mackay, and their captain was central midfielder John Eustace.

John Eustace
John Mark Eustace (born 3 November 1979) is an English professional football coach and former player who is head coach of EFL Championship club Derby County.

During his playing career, he played as a central midfielder for Coventry City, Stoke City, Watford and Derby County. He also spent time on loan at Dundee United, Middlesbrough and Hereford United.

After retiring as a player, Eustace served as manager of Kidderminster Harriers between 2016 and 2018, eventually leaving to become assistant manager of Queens Park Rangers in 2018. He had a brief spell as caretaker manager of QPR in 2019. Eustace served as head coach of Birmingham City between July 2022 to October 2023. He was appointed head coach of Blackburn Rovers in February 2024, before leaving to become Derby County head coach in February 2025.
Kapten
Kapten (English: Captain in the Swedish Army/Air Force, Lieutenant in the Navy) is a company grade officer rank. In the army/airforce, it ranks above lieutenant and below major. In the navy, it ranks above sub-lieutenant and below lieutenant commander. It is equivalent to the specialist officers rank of förvaltare. The rank has been used in Sweden since the Middle Ages.

Swedish Coastal Artillery
The Swedish Coastal Artillery (Swedish: Kustartilleriet, KA) has its origin in the Archipelago Artillery that was raised in 1866. The Coastal Artillery was formed from the Archipelago Artillery, the Marine Regiment and parts of the Artillery in 1902. Kustartilleriet, abbreviated KA, was an independent branch within the Swedish Navy until July 1, 2000, when the Swedish Coastal Artillery was disbanded and reorganised as the Swedish Amphibious Corps. The changed name and new structure were to reflect the new tasks that the old Coastal Artillery had moved to after the end of the Cold War and the demise of the Warsaw Pact.
Community High School District 155
Community High School District 155 is a local school district serving areas of McHenry County, Illinois.

The current Superintendent of this district is Steve Olson. Community High School District 155 includes the communities of Bull Valley, Burtons Bridge, Cary, Crystal Lake, Fox River Grove, Lake in the Hills, Lakewood, Oakwood Hills, Prairie Grove, and Ridgefield, and the district is approximately 45 miles northwest of downtown Chicago. Enrollment is 5,673 students, as of 2022.

Crystal Lake, Illinois
Crystal Lake is a city in McHenry County, Illinois, United States. Named after a lake 1.6 miles (2.6 km) southwest of the city's downtown, Crystal Lake is 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Chicago. The population was 40,269 as of the 2020 census. Crystal Lake is the most populous city in McHenry County, part of the Chicago metropolitan area.
Bond Arms
Bond Arms Inc. is an American firearms manufacturer located in Granbury, Texas which makes derringers, the semi-automatic BullPup9 pistol, and announced plans to put a tactical lever-action rifle into production by the end of 2023.

Derringer
A derringer or deringer is a small handgun that is neither a revolver, semi-automatic pistol, nor machine pistol. The modern derringer is often multi-barreled, and is generally the smallest usable handgun of any given caliber and barrel length due to the lack of a moving action, which takes up more space behind the barrel. It is frequently associated with discreet use by women because it is easily concealable in a purse or a stocking.

The original Philadelphia Deringer was a muzzleloading caplock single-shot pistol introduced in 1825 by Henry Deringer. In total, approximately 15,000 Deringer pistols were manufactured. All were single-barrel pistols with back-action percussion locks, typically .41 caliber with rifled bores and walnut stocks. Barrel length varied from 1.5 to 6 in (38 to 152 mm), and the hardware was commonly a copper-nickel alloy known as "German silver".
Ennepetal
Ennepetal (German pronunciation: [ˈɛnəpəˌtaːl] ⓘ, lit. 'Ennepe Valley'; Westphalian: Iämpedal) is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was created in 1949 out of the former municipalities Milspe and Voerde. It was named after the river Ennepe, which flows through the municipality.

The town was featured in the headlines when on April 12, 2005, a hostage taker snatched several school children from a school bus, and took them as hostages, see Ennepetal hostage taking.

Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
The Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis is a district in the center of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the southern Ruhr urban area and has ca. 324,000 inhabitants (2012). The district's seat (capital city) is Schwelm; the largest of its nine towns is Witten.