hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PageRank
PageRank (PR) is an algorithm used by Google Search to rank web pages in their search engine results. It is named after both the term "web page" and co-founder Larry Page. PageRank is a way of measuring the importance of website pages. According to Google:

PageRank works by counting the number and quality of links to a page to determine a rough estimate of how important the website is. The underlying assumption is that more important websites are likely to receive more links from other websites.

Currently, PageRank is not the only algorithm used by Google to order search results, but it is the first algorithm that was used by the company, and it is the best known. As of September 24, 2019, all patents associated with PageRank have expired.

Power iteration
In mathematics, power iteration (also known as the power method) is an eigenvalue algorithm: given a diagonalizable matrix , the algorithm will produce a number , which is the greatest (in absolute value) eigenvalue of , and a nonzero vector , which is a corresponding eigenvector of , that is, .
The algorithm is also known as the Von Mises iteration.

Power iteration is a very simple algorithm, but it may converge slowly. The most time-consuming operation of the algorithm is the multiplication of matrix  by a vector, so it is effective for a very large sparse matrix with appropriate implementation. The speed of convergence is like  where  is the number of iterations, and  and   are, respectively, the eigenvalue of largest absolute value and an eigenvalue of second-largest absolute value (see a later section). In other words, convergence is exponential with base being the spectral gap.
Oakham School
Oakham School is a public school (English fee-charging boarding and day school) in Oakham, Rutland, England.

The school was founded in 1584 by Archdeacon Robert Johnson, along with Uppingham School, a few miles away. They share a common badge design (and a strong rivalry), but while Uppingham's colours tend towards blue and white, Oakham's are black and red.

Under headmaster John Buchanan, in 1971 Oakham was the first boys' independent secondary school in Britain to accept both male and female pupils throughout the whole school and not just in the sixth form. In 1995, it was the first public school to go on-line.

Oakham
Oakham is a market town and civil parish in Rutland (of which it is the county town) in the East Midlands of England. The town is located 25 miles (40 kilometres) east of Leicester, 28 miles (45 km) southeast of Nottingham and 23 miles (37 km) northwest of Peterborough. It had a population of 12,149 in the 2021 census. Oakham is to the west of Rutland Water and in the Vale of Catmose. Its height above sea level ranges from 325 to 400 ft (100 to 120 m).
Marin Mazzie
Marin Joy Mazzie (October 9, 1960 – September 13, 2018) was an American actress and singer known for her work in musical theatre.

Mazzie was a three-time Tony Award nominee, for her performances as Clara in Passion (1994), Mother in Ragtime (1998), and Lilli Vanessi/Katherine in Kiss Me, Kate (1999). For her work in Kiss Me, Kate, Mazzie was also nominated for a Drama Desk Award and Olivier Award, and she won an Outer Critics Circle Award.

In addition to appearing in many musical stage productions, Mazzie also performed in concert with her husband, Jason Danieley.

Bullets Over Broadway (musical)
Bullets Over Broadway the Musical is a jukebox musical written by Woody Allen, based on his and Douglas McGrath's 1994 film Bullets Over Broadway about a young playwright whose first Broadway play is financed by a gangster. The score consists of jazz and popular standards of the years between World War I and about 1930 by various songwriters. It received its premiere on Broadway, in 2014, at the St. James Theatre, and closed on August 24, 2014, after over a hundred performances.
Elite Police Training School
Elite Police Training School, Bedian Road, Lahore, Pakistan is a police training school for the Punjab Elite Police located on Bedian Road in Lahore.

The Elite Police is a specialized unit in Punjab Police Pakistan, which is extensively trained to support district police in high-risk operations such as searches, raids, and rescues. It plays SWAT role in the aid of district police personnel. Its officers undergo rigorous training in firearms proficiency, close combat tactics, and reconnaissance at the state-of-the-art Elite Training School located on Bedian Road in Lahore. An officer having rank of Deputy Inspector-General of Police (DIG) leads Elite Police.

On 15 October 2009, the training institute was attacked by four terrorists using guns and grenades. Two policemen were killed, including Jafar Hussain, an Assistant Sub-Inspector who led the fight against them; all the terrorists were killed.

Elite Police
The Elite Police (Urdu: اشرافیہ پولیس), also known as the "Elite Police Force" or "Police Commandos", is a branch of the Punjab Police specializing in counter-terrorist operations and VIP security duties, as well as acting against serious crime and performing high-risk operations which can't be carried out by the regular police. Within the Elite Police, a specialized sub-unit known as the Special Operations Unit (SOU) conducts high-risk missions, including operations against the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), criminal networks in districts such as Dera Ghazi Khan and Rahim Yar Khan, and other extreme security situations such as hostage-rescue or anti-hijacking operations.
Pretoria railway station
Pretoria railway station is the central station in Pretoria, the executive capital of South Africa. It is located between Pretoria's central business district and Salvokop, in a 1910 building designed by Herbert Baker. It is the terminus of various Metrorail commuter rail services in the northern part of Gauteng, and a stop on Shosholoza Meyl inter-city services from Johannesburg to Polokwane and Nelspruit. Pretoria is also the northern terminus of the luxury Blue Train service from Cape Town. Platforms and tracks for the Gautrain rapid-rail service are adjacent to the main-line station.

Metrorail Gauteng
Metrorail Gauteng is a network of commuter rail services in Gauteng province in South Africa, serving the Johannesburg and Pretoria metro areas. It is operated by Metrorail, a division of the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA).

Metrorail routes spread out across the province from three main hubs: Park Station in Johannesburg, Germiston Station on the East Rand, and Pretoria Station. Routes serve central Johannesburg, the East Rand, Soweto, the Vaal Triangle, the West Rand, central Pretoria, and suburbs to the north, east and west of Pretoria.

Significant areas not served by Metrorail are the northern and western suburbs of Johannesburg, including Sandton and Randburg, and the south-eastern suburbs of Pretoria. Some of the northern suburbs of Johannesburg are now served by the new Gautrain rapid-rail system.
The Sexton Blake Library
The Sexton Blake Library was a story paper of the first two-thirds of the 20th century, published by Amalgamated Press. It featured the adventures of private detective Sexton Blake, his boy assistant Tinker and their dog Pedro. It made its debut as a pocket-sized digest on September 20, 1915 and ran uninterrupted until June 1963. After a brief hiatus, it returned in paperback format in February 1965 and ran for 45 issues until October 1968.

Robert Murray Graydon
Robert Murray Graydon (1890 – 1937) was a British novelist who also wrote under the pen-names Robert Murray, Murray Hamilton, and Murray Roberts. He is best remembered for his Sexton Blake stories featuring the Criminals' Confederation, a global criminal organisation that featured prominently in the Blake magazines from 1916 to the 1930s.
Streamliner
A streamliner is a vehicle incorporating streamlining in a shape providing reduced air resistance. The term is applied to high-speed railway trainsets of the 1930s to 1950s, and to their successor "bullet trains". Less commonly, the term is applied to fully faired upright and recumbent bicycles. As part of the Streamline Moderne trend, the term was applied to passenger cars, trucks, and other types of light-, medium-, or heavy-duty vehicles, but now vehicle streamlining is so prevalent that it is not an outstanding characteristic. In land speed racing, it is a term applied to the long, slender, custom-built, high-speed vehicles with enclosed wheels.

New York Central Hudson
The New York Central Hudson was a popular 4-6-4 "Hudson" type steam locomotive built for the New York Central Railroad (NYC). 275 of them were built in three different classes between 1927 and 1938 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and the Lima Locomotive Works (LLW). Named after the Hudson River, the 4-6-4 wheel arrangement came to be known as the "Hudson" type in the United States, as these locomotives were the first examples built and used in North America. Built for high-speed passenger train work, the Hudson locomotives were famously known for hauling the New York Central's crack passenger trains, such as the 20th Century Limited and the Empire State Express.

With the onset of diesel locomotives by the mid-20th Century, all Hudson locomotives were retired and subsequently scrapped by 1957, except for the tender from J-1d 5313, which is preserved at the Steamtown National Historic Site in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
Nedging-with-Naughton
Nedging-with-Naughton is a civil parish in the Babergh district of the county of Suffolk, England. Located on the B1078 between Bildeston and Needham Market, it consists of three settlements;

Naughton

Nedging

Nedging Tye

The parish contains two areas classified as Ancient Woodland; Glebe Town Grove and Tyrell's Grove. Both sites are also nature reserves. In 2001 the population of the parish was 388, increasing to 404 at the 2011 Census. The parish was formed on 1 April 1935 from the parishes of "Nedging" and "Naughton" and part of Bildeston.

Nedging Tye
Nedging Tye is a hamlet on the B1078 road, in the civil parish of Nedging-with-Naughton, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The nearest town is Hadleigh. There is also the village of Naughton nearby.
George Melly
Alan George Heywood Melly (17 August 1926 – 5 July 2007) was an English jazz and blues singer, critic, writer, and lecturer. From 1965 to 1973, he was a film and television critic for The Observer; he also lectured on art history, with an emphasis on surrealism.

Wally Fawkes
Walter Ernest Fawkes (né Pearsall; 21 June 1924 – 1 March 2023), also known as Trog when signing cartoons, was a Canadian-British jazz clarinettist and satirical cartoonist.

After emigrating with his family to Britain from Canada when he was 7 years old, he taught himself the clarinet, and first joined a revivalist jazz band with George Webb in 1944. He later created a new, more mainstream band with friend Humphrey Lyttelton, and it soon became one of the leading British jazz bands of the 1950s.

Fawkes also achieved success illustrating cartoons under the pen name "Trog". His most notable work in this business was Flook, a comic strip which ran in The Daily Mail newspaper from 1949 to 1984. Initially aimed at children, the strip evolved over time into a gentle satire of British politics. When Flook ended he continued to illustrate until failing eyesight forced him to retire in 2005 at age 81, leaving him to concentrate solely on his clarinet playing.
Barak 8
Barak 8 (Hebrew: בָּרָק, lit. "Lightning"), also known as LR-SAM or MR-SAM, is an Indian-Israeli jointly developed surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, designed to defend against any type of airborne threat including aircraft, helicopters, anti-ship missiles, and UAVs as well as ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and combat jets. Both maritime and land-based variants of the system exist.

Barak 8 was jointly developed by India's Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO)  and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). It is produced by Israel's Directorate of Research and Development (DDR&D), Elta Systems, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and India's Bharat Dynamics limited (BDL), Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems (KRAS) and Tata Advanced Systems (TASL).

Kolkata-class destroyer
The Kolkata-class destroyers, also known Project 15A or Project 15 Alpha, are a class of stealth guided-missile destroyers constructed for the Indian Navy. The class comprises three ships – Kolkata, Kochi and Chennai, all of which were built by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) in India, and are the largest destroyers to be operated by the Indian Navy. Due to delays in construction and sea trials, the initial commissioning date of the first ship of the class was pushed back from 2010 to 2014.

The destroyers are a follow-on of the Project 15 Delhi-class destroyers, but are considerably more capable due to major improvements in the design, the addition of substantial land-attack capabilities, the fitting-out of modern sensors and weapons systems, and the expanded use of net-centric capability such as Cooperative Engagement Capability.
Corticifraga
Corticifraga is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. The genus was established in 1990 and contains ten species that live as parasites on foliose lichens, mostly targeting species in the family Peltigeraceae. The produce no independent body (thallus) of their own, instead growing beneath the host's outer cortex and eventually producing small, dark fruiting bodies that break through the surface.

Gomphillaceae
The Gomphillaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. They occur mainly in tropical regions, where many species are adapted to humid rainforests and grow directly on leaves rather than on bark or rock. The family contains about 46 genera and more than 800 species, although the true total may be higher because genetic work has revealed extensive cryptic diversity. Many members reproduce using specialised structures and produce few or none of the lichen products that are typical of other lichen groups. A major molecular phylogenetics-led reorganisation in 2023 formalised this revised classification, recognising and establishing 17 genera as new or reinstated.
McKinney, Texas
McKinney is a city in and the county seat of Collin County, Texas, United States. It is Collin County's third-largest city, after Plano and Frisco. A suburb of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, McKinney is about 32 miles (51 km) north of Dallas.

The Census Bureau ranked McKinney as the nation's fourth fastest-growing large city from 2010 to 2019 and determined the city's 2020 population was 195,308. Based on Census Bureau estimates, as of July 2022 the city's population was 207,507, making it Texas's 15th-most populous city and the 110th most populous in the United States.

The Census Bureau defines an urban area of northern Dallas-area suburbs that are separated from the Dallas–Fort Worth urban area, with McKinney and Frisco as the principal cities; the McKinney–Frisco urban area had a population of 504,803 as of the 2020 census, ranked 83rd in the United States.

Old Collin County Courthouse
The Old Collin County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located in the historic downtown McKinney, Texas. It was built in 1876 in the Second Empire style before being renovated in 1927 in the Neoclassical style. The courthouse continued to be used until 1979 when it was closed due to the completion of a new 6 story courthouse. In 1982, the courthouse was designated as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and in 2006, it was remodeled and reopened as the McKinney Performing Arts Center. As of 2025, the Old Collin County Courthouse has an approved master plan for full restoration from the Texas Historic Courthouse Preservation Program as part of the Texas Historical Commission
WOLE-DT
WOLE-DT (channel 12) is a Spanish-language independent television station licensed to Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, serving Mayagüez and the western part of the island. It is a full-time satellite of San Juan–based WLII-DT (channel 11, licensed to Caguas), owned by Liberman Media Group. WOLE-DT's sales office is located in the Westernbank Building in downtown Mayagüez, and its transmitter is located at Monte del Estado in Maricao. Its parent station maintains studios on Calle Carazo in Guaynabo and has additional studios in Barrio Palmar in Aguadilla.

WOLE-DT operates a translator, W21CX-D (channel 21), licensed to Mayagüez.

Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
Aguadilla (Spanish pronunciation: [aɣwaˈðiʝa], locally [awaˈðiʝa]), founded in 1775 by Luis de Córdova, is a city and municipality located in the northwestern tip of Puerto Rico, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, north of Aguada, and Moca and west of Isabela. Aguadilla is spread over 15 barrios and Aguadilla Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is a principal city and core of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area. This region was already inhabited and known as Aguadilla before 1770. Nevertheless, according to Dr. Agustín Stahl in his Foundation of Aguadilla, it was not until 1780 that the town was officially founded. The construction of a new church and the proceedings to become an independent village began in 1775.
St John on Bethnal Green
St John on Bethnal Green is an early 19th-century church near Bethnal Green, London, and stands on the Green itself. It was constructed in 1826–1828 to the design of the architect Sir John Soane (1753–1837). It is an Anglican church in the Diocese of London. The church is near Bethnal Green tube station, on Bethnal Green Road and Roman Road. It is a Grade I listed building. The belfry provides an exhibition space for artists.

Bethnal Green tube station
Bethnal Green (/ˈbɛθnəl ˈɡriːn/) is a London Underground station in Bethnal Green, London, England. It is on the Central line between Liverpool Street and Mile End stations, and is in London fare zone 2. It is open 24 hours on a Friday and Saturday as part of the Night Tube service. The station was opened as part of the long planned Central line eastern extension on 4 December 1946, having previously been used as an air-raid shelter.

On 3 March 1943, 173 people, including 62 children, were killed in a crush while attempting to enter the shelter, in what is believed to be the largest loss of civilian life in the UK during the Second World War.
Rat Watson
Alfred Grady "Rat" Watson (February 10, 1894 – June 15, 1965), sometimes referenced as Rats Watson, was an American football player. He was the quarterback of the legendary 1916 Second Texas Infantry football team and also played for the 36th Infantry team during World War I. He also played college football for Texas in 1913 and 1919 to 1921, leading the 1920 Texas Longhorns football team to a perfect 9–0 record and the Southwest Conference championship. He also played professional football as a quarterback for the Toledo Maroons, Kansas City Blues, Hammond Pros, and Buffalo Bisons in the National Football League (NFL) from 1922 to 1927.

1920 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1920 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1920 college football season. In their first year under head coach Berry Whitaker, the Longhorns compiled an undefeated 9–0 record, shut out six of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a collective total of 282 to 13.

The meeting of Texas and Texas A&M in 1920 is said to have really started the rivalry. Both teams were undefeated and the game featured the largest crowd in state history. Texas won 7–3. The game turned on a play where the Longhorns' tackle declared himself eligible for a pass.
Glentoran F.C.
Glentoran Football Club is a professional football club based in East Belfast, Northern Ireland, that plays in the NIFL Premiership. The club was founded in 1882 and has since won more than 130 major honours. They are one of three Northern Irish teams to have never been relegated.

County Antrim Shield
The County Antrim & District Football Association Senior Shield (more commonly known as the County Antrim Shield) is a football competition in Northern Ireland. The competition is open to senior teams who are members of the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association) (membership of which extends geographically beyond County Antrim itself), often plus intermediate teams who qualify via the Steel & Sons Cup, depending on the numbers required. For the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, only the winners took part.

The current Shield holders are Carrick Rangers, who beat Cliftonville 4-2 on penalties in the 2025–26 final, winning the trophy for the first time since the 1992–93 season.
Kokubunji, Tokyo
Kokubunji (国分寺市, Kokubunji-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 126,791, and a population density of 11,000 persons per km2.  The total area of the city was 11.46 square kilometres (4.42 sq mi).

Provincial temple
The Kokubun-ji (国分寺; Japanese pronunciation: [ko.kɯ.bɯɲ.dʑi(ꜜ)]) are Buddhist temples established in each of the provinces of Japan by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794). The official name for each temple was Konkomyo Shitenno Gokoku-ji (Konkōmyō Shitennō Gokoku-ji )
Enchantress (Marvel Comics)
Enchantress is the common primary alias of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first of these is a powerful sorceress by the name of Amora, depicted as one of Thor's greatest enemies. The second Enchantress is Sylvie Lushton, who was given great mystic powers by Loki when he created her as a tool for chaos. She models herself after the original Enchantress, Amora.

In animation, Kari Wahlgren, Fryda Wolff, and Grey DeLisle have voiced the Enchantress in various media. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Sophia Di Martino portrays a different version of the character called Sylvie, a variant of Loki, in the Disney+ series Loki.

Asgard (comics)
Asgard is a fictional realm and its capital city appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee, Larry Lieber and Jack Kirby, the realm first appeared in Journey into Mystery #85 (October 1962). Based on the realm of the same name from Germanic mythology (particularly Norse), Asgard is home to the Asgardians and other beings adapted from Norse mythology. It features prominently in stories that follow the Marvel Comics superhero Thor.

Asgard has appeared in comics and various media adaptations, including the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor (2011), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and the Disney+ series Loki (2021). Eventually, Asgard was relocated to Earth in Norway and appeared in Avengers: Endgame and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022).
Listed buildings in Caldbergh with East Scrafton
Caldbergh with East Scrafton is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains seven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the hamlets of Caldbergh and East Scrafton and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings consist of the ruins of a chapel, three farmhouses, a former packhorse bridge, a limekiln and a telephone kiosk.

East Scrafton
East Scrafton is a hamlet in Coverdale in North Yorkshire, England, about 3 miles (5 km) south-west of Leyburn, in the civil parish of Caldbergh with East Scrafton.

From 1974 to 2023 the area was part of the district of Richmondshire; it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The name Scrafton comes from Old English and means "farmstead near a hollow". There is also a larger West Scrafton to the south.