hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patrice Munsel
Patrice Munsel (born Patrice Beverly Munsil; May 14, 1925 – August 4, 2016) was an American coloratura soprano. Nicknamed "Princess Pat", she was the youngest singer ever to star at the Metropolitan Opera.

Robert C. Schuler
Robert Charles Schuler (April 30, 1917 – December 25, 2007) was an American advertising and public-relations executive, television producer and writer. He is best known for creating and producing the ABC-TV primetime variety series The Patrice Munsel Show. Schuler was married to Munsel for more than five decades.
Giske Church
Giske Church (Norwegian: Giske kyrkje) is a 12th-century marble parish church of the Church of Norway in Giske Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located on the south side of the island of Giske, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the town of Ålesund. It is the main church for the Giske parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white marble church was built in a long church design in the 12th century using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 125 people. The church is open for guided tours during the summer season.

Giske Municipality
Giske is an island municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The municipality lies north-northwest of the town of Ålesund in the traditional district of Sunnmøre. The municipal centre is Valderhaugstrand. Other population centres include the villages of Roald (on Vigra island) and Alnes and Leitebakk (both on Godøya island). The municipality is part of the Ålesund Region.

The 40.58-square-kilometre (15.67 sq mi) municipality is the 350th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Giske Municipality is the 126th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 8,808. The municipality's population density is 220 inhabitants per square kilometre (570/sq mi) and its population has increased by 12.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Absorbance
In spectroscopy, absorbance (abbreviated as A) is a logarithmic value which describes the portion of a beam of light which does not pass through a sample. Whilst the name refers to the absorption of light, other interactions of light with a sample (reflection, scattering) may also contribute to attenuation of the beam passing through the sample. The term "internal absorbance" is sometimes used to describe beam attenuation caused by absorption, while "attenuance" or "experimental absorbance" can be used to emphasize that beam attenuation can be caused by other phenomena.

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy—and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

A notable effect of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is attenuation of the radiation; attenuation is the gradual reduction of the intensity of light waves as they propagate through a medium.

Although the absorption of waves does not usually depend on their intensity (linear absorption), in certain conditions (optics) the medium's transparency changes by a factor that varies as a function of wave intensity, and saturable absorption (or nonlinear absorption) occurs.
ENet
ENet (formerly E-Networks Inc.) is a telecommunications operator in Guyana. Founded in 2003 by Vishok Persaud, it provides fixed broadband, mobile services and subscription television. ENet launched a 4G/5G VoLTE mobile network in 2022-2023 and operates a locally owned international submarine cable between Guyana and Barbados.

Telecommunications in Guyana
Telecommunications in Guyana include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Early telecommunications were owned by large foreign firms until the industry was nationalized in the 1970s. Government stifled criticism with a tight control of the media, and the infrastructure lagged behind other countries, Guyana Telephone and Telegraph Company (GT&T) holding a monopoly on most such  services. In a 2012 census report on Guyanese households, 55.5% had a radio, 82.7% had a television, 27.8% had a personal computer, and 16.2% had internet at home, 49.3% had a telephone landline, and  70.6% had a cellular phone.

In the 1990s, a shift towards privatization was geared towards improving the overall quality of services in the country. The 2016 Telecommunications Act was made to improve quality and lower prices for consumers as well as establish universal access.
Holyhead Mail Pier Lighthouse
Holyhead Mail Pier or Admiralty Pier Lighthouse on Salt Island, Anglesey, is an inactive lighthouse which was designed by the civil engineer John Rennie in 1821. It was built in the early 19th century to help guide shipping into the newly constructed harbour, now known as the Port of Holyhead, which acted as the terminus for the packet service between England and Ireland. It is the last of a series of three lighthouses located on Salt Island.

Salt Island, Anglesey
Salt Island (Welsh: Ynys yr Halen) is joined to Holy Island, Anglesey, in North Wales. It is a natural provider of shelter for the town's Old Harbour from the Irish Sea and is part of the Port of Holyhead.
Ion beam mixing
Ion beam mixing is the atomic intermixing and alloying that can occur at the interface separating two different materials during ion irradiation. It is applied as a process for adhering two multilayers, especially a substrate and deposited surface layer.  The process involves bombarding layered samples with doses of ion radiation in order to promote mixing at the interface, and generally serves as a means of preparing electrical junctions, especially between non-equilibrium or metastable alloys and intermetallic compounds. Ion implantation equipment can be used to achieve ion beam mixing.

Collision cascade
In condensed-matter physics, a collision cascade (also known as a displacement cascade or a displacement spike) is a set of nearby adjacent energetic (much higher than ordinary thermal energies) collisions of atoms induced by an energetic particle in a solid or liquid.

If the maximum atom or ion energies in a collision cascade are higher than the threshold displacement energy of the material (tens of eVs or more), the collisions can permanently displace atoms from their lattice sites and produce defects. The initial energetic atom can be, e.g., an ion from a particle accelerator, an atomic recoil produced by a passing high-energy neutron, electron or photon, or be produced when a radioactive nucleus decays and gives the atom a recoil energy.

The characteristics of collision cascades can vary greatly depending on the energy and mass of the recoil or incoming ion, as well as the material's density (stopping power).
SARM Division No. 4
SARM Division No. 4 is a division of the Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities (SARM) within the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is located in the north-east area of the province. There are 43 rural municipalities in this division. The current director for Division 4 is Myron Kopec.

Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities
The Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities, often abbreviated as SARM, is an independent association that is responsible for representing the governments of the many rural municipalities in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is an official Government of Saskatchewan sanctioned corporation. There are 296 rural municipalities represented by SARM in such areas as dealing with the provincial and federal governments. The members are arranged in divisions in order to elect SARM Directors.
2010 Men's South American Volleyball Club Championship
The 2010 Men's South American Volleyball Club Championship was the second official edition of the men's volleyball tournament, played by six teams between October 26 and November 1, 2010 at the República de Venezuela Complex in Bolivar and the Aldo Cantoni Colliseum in San Juan, Argentina. The winning team qualified for the 2010 FIVB Men's Club World Championship.

The competition was originally scheduled from October 26 to 30 but due to the national mourning due to the death of Argentinean ex-president Néstor Kirchner, had to be rescheduled.

South American Men's Volleyball Club Championship
The South American Men's Volleyball Club Championship is an international men's club volleyball competition organized by the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV), the sport's governing body in South America. The competition was first contested in 2009 in Florianópolis, Brazil and tournaments have been held every year since then.

In addition to crowning the South American champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship.
Journal of Refugee Studies
The Journal of Refugee Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal publishing research on forced migration. It was established in 1988 by the Refugee Studies Centre at the University of Oxford, with its first issue published that May. It is published by Oxford University Press in association with the Refugee Studies Centre. The editors-in-chief are Simon Turner and Megan Bradley. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 2.966, ranking it 10th out of 20 journals in the category "Ethnic Studies" and 16th out of 29 in the category "Demography". The journal provides a forum for exploration of the complex issue of forced migration and local, national, regional and international responses.

Refugee Studies Centre
The Refugee Studies Centre (RSC) was established in 1982, as part of the University of Oxford's Department of International Development (Queen Elizabeth House), in order to promote the understanding of the causes and consequences of forced migration and to improve the lives of some of the world's most marginalised people. Its philosophy is to "combine world-class academic research with a commitment to improving the lives and situations for some of the world's most disadvantaged people".
Streaming Transformations for XML
Streaming Transformations for XML (STX) is an XML transformation language intended as a high-speed, low memory consumption alternative to XSLT version 1.0 and 2.0. Current work on XSLT 3.0 includes Streaming capabilities.

XML transformation language
An XML transformation language is a programming language designed specifically to transform an input XML document into an output document which satisfies some specific goal.

There are two special cases of transformation:

XML to XML: the output document is an XML document.

XML to Data: the output document is a byte stream.
Taty Castellanos
Valentín Mariano José Castellanos Giménez (born 3 October 1998), known as Taty Castellanos, is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club West Ham United and the Argentina national team.

MLS Cup 2021
MLS Cup 2021 was the 26th edition of the MLS Cup, the championship match of Major League Soccer (MLS) at the conclusion of the 2021 MLS Cup Playoffs. The soccer match was played on December 11, 2021, at Providence Park in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was contested by hosts Portland Timbers and New York City FC to determine the champion of the 2021 season.

New York City FC won their first MLS Cup title by defeating the Timbers in a penalty shootout following a 1–1 draw in regulation and extra time. NYCFC goalkeeper Sean Johnson was named the match's most valuable player (MVP) for his performance in the shootout, which included two saves. The match was broadcast by ABC and drew an audience of 1.14 million viewers in the United States.
Driver scoring
Driver scoring, also known as driver behavior scoring, is the process of evaluating a driver's performance by collecting and analyzing data related to their driving habits to create standardized driver profiles and improve energy-efficient driving. This is accomplished using in-vehicle data recorders and telematics devices that gather information directly from the vehicle. The goal is to create an objective measure of a driver's safety and efficiency, often represented as a numerical score.

The practice is widely used in modern fleet management systems to assess risk and promote safer, more economical driving habits.

Telematic control unit
In the automotive industry, a telematic control unit (TCU) is an embedded system that connects a vehicle to the internet and serves as a hub for external wireless communications. It enables modern connected vehicle services, including telematics, fleet management, and V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) communication. The TCU's primary functions are to collect data from the vehicle's internal systems, a process known as telemetry, and to facilitate two-way communication with cloud-based services. While the term typically refers to a factory-installed (OEM) unit, its functionality is also available through third-party aftermarket telematic devices that can be installed in vehicles not originally equipped with an OEM system.
Tai Tam Country Park
Tai Tam Country Park (Chinese: 大潭郊野公園; Jyutping: daai6 taam4 gaau1 je5 gung1 jyun4) is a country park in the Tai Tam area in the south end of Hong Kong Island. At 1,315 hectares (3,250 acres), the park consists of one fifth of Hong Kong Island's land mass. During World War II, the Japanese encountered strong resistance from British defence forces here. So that the park preserves bloody memories from that period.

The park was designated in 1977 with attractions like:

Jardine's Lookout

Tai Tam Upper Reservoir

Tai Tam Byewash Reservoir

Tai Tam Tuk Reservoir

Tai Tam Intermediate Reservoir

Tai Tam Forts

Mount Parker, the second highest peak (531 m (1,742 ft)) on Hong Kong Island

Mount Butler

Granite rocks in the north and volcanic rocks in the south form the geological composition of this area.

Another country park adjacent to it, named Tai Tam Country Park (Quarry Bay Extension), was designated in 1979.

Tai Tam
Tai Tam or Tytam is an area in Southern District on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Tai Tam means a big pool in the Chinese language which illustrates a triangular bay, namely Tai Tam Bay between Stanley Peninsula, D'Aguilar Peak and Tai Tam Tuk ([tàːi tʰȁːm tók̚], lit. innermost of Tai Tam, also known as Tytam Took). The meaning of Tai Tam varies greatly between the early colonial days and the present day.
Cape Melville
Cape Melville is a headland on the eastern coast of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. To its west lies Princess Charlotte Bay. It is part of the Cape Melville National Park. Cape Melville was named Stoney Cape in 1815 by Lieutenant Charles Jeffreys on the HM Kangaroo but later renamed by him as Cape Melville

Pipon Island is about six km north of the cape and Hales Island about two km east, both part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. King Island lies several kilometres to the north west of the cape.  The highest peak on the cape is Abbey Peak, which named in 1901 by Commander Munro. R.N.,  while aboard HMS Dart.

The cape consists of granite outcrops which formed 250 million years ago.

Princess Charlotte Bay
Princess Charlotte Bay is a large bay on the east coast of Far North Queensland at the base of Cape York Peninsula, 350 km north northwest of Cairns. Princess Charlotte Bay is a part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and it is a habitat for the dugong.

Reefs in the bay are described as pristine. Barramundi habitat and associated wetlands exist in declared green zones which restrict commercial fishing.
Yvonne Rogers
Yvonne Rogers FRS is a British psychologist and computer scientist. She is a professor of Human-Computer Interaction at the Interaction Centre at University College London. She has authored or contributed to more than 350 publications. Her book Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction written with Jenny Preece and Helen Sharp (6th Edition, 2022) has sold more than 300,000 copies worldwide and has been translated into six other languages.  Her work is described in Encounters with HCI Pioneers: A Personal History and Photo Journal.

SIGCHI
The Special Interest Group on Computer–Human Interaction (SIGCHI) is one of the Association for Computing Machinery's special interest groups which is focused on human–computer interactions (HCI).

It hosts the flagship annual international HCI conference, CHI, with over 3,000 attendees, and publishes ACM Interactions and ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI). It also sponsors over 20 specialized conferences and provides in-cooperation support to over 30 conferences.

SIGCHI has two membership publications, the ACM TechNews - SIGCHI Edition and ACM Interactions. Until 2000, the SIGCHI Bulletin was also published as a membership publication.
Donkey
The donkey or ass is a domesticated equine. It derives from the African wild ass, Equus africanus, and may be classified either as a subspecies thereof, Equus africanus asinus, or as a separate species, Equus asinus.: 1  It was domesticated in Africa some 5000–7000 years ago,: 2 : 3715  and has been used mainly as a working animal since that time.

There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as draught or pack animals. While working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence, small numbers of donkeys or asses are kept for breeding, as pets, and for livestock protection in developed countries.

An adult male donkey is a jack or jackass, an adult female is a jenny or jennet, and an immature donkey of either sex is a foal. Jacks are often mated with female horses (mares) to produce mules; the less common hybrid of a male horse (stallion) and jenny is a hinny.

Zebroid
A zebroid is the offspring of any cross between a zebra and any other equine to create a hybrid. In most cases, the sire is a zebra stallion but not every time. The offspring of a donkey sire and zebra dam, called a donkra, and the offspring of a horse sire and a zebra dam, called a hebra, do exist, but are rare and are usually sterile. Zebroids have been bred since the 19th century. Charles Darwin noted several zebra hybrids in his works.
Goshiki-numa
Goshiki-numa (五色沼), is a cluster of five volcanic lakes situated at the foot of Mount Bandai in the center of the lake district of the Bandai Highland (磐梯高原, Bandai-kōgen), Kitashiobara, Fukushima, Japan.

Goshiki-numa formed when Mount Bandai erupted on July 15, 1888, destroying dozens of villages and killing approximately 500 people while creating hundreds of lakes and tarns.

The eruption completely rearranged the landscape, creating the Bandai-kōgen plateau and damming local rivers. The eruption imparted mineral deposits to the Five Colored Lakes giving each of them its own distinct color, ranging from reddish green to cobalt blue. The colors of each lake mysteriously fluctuate throughout the year with the weather. Since the eruption, Goshiki-numa has become a popular tourist destination. An approximately four-kilometer walking path from Lake Bishamon, the largest of the five lakes, to Lake Hibara affords people a view of all five lakes.

Kitashiobara, Fukushima
Kitashiobara (北塩原村, Kitashiobara-mura) is a village located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2020, the village had an estimated population of 2,697 in 1091 households, and a population density of 12 persons per km2. The total area of the village was 234.08 square kilometres (90.38 sq mi).
Victory over the Sun
Victory over the Sun (Russian: Победа над Cолнцем, Pobeda nad Solntsem) is a Russian Futurist opera premiered in 1913 at the Luna Park in Saint Petersburg.

The libretto written in zaum language was contributed by Aleksei Kruchonykh, the music was written by Mikhail Matyushin, the prologue was added by Velimir Khlebnikov, and the stage designer was Kazimir Malevich. The opera has become notable as the event where Malevich made his first Black Square, as part of a design for a curtain. The first performance was organised by the artistic group Soyuz Molodyozhi.

Zaum
Zaum (Russian: за́умь, lit. 'transrational') are the linguistic experiments in sound symbolism and language creation of Russian Cubo-Futurist poets such as Velimir Khlebnikov and Aleksei Kruchenykh. Zaum is a non-referential phonetic entity with its own ontology. The language consists of neologisms that mean nothing. Zaum is a language organized through phonetic analogy and rhythm. Zaum literature cannot contain any onomatopoeia or psychopathological states.
Triple Islands
The uninhabited Triple Islands are an island group located in Bathurst Inlet, south of Victoria Island, west of the Kent Peninsula, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. Other island groups in the vicinity include the Breakwater Islands, Chapman Islands, Cockburn Islands, Entry Islands, Piercey Islands, Porden Islands, and Wilmot Islands.

Cockburn Islands
The Cockburn Islands are an island group located in Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, west of the Kent Peninsula, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. Other island groups in the vicinity include the Breakwater Islands, Cheere Islands, Piercey Islands, Porden Islands, Stockport Islands, Triple Islands, and Wilmot Islands.
Todoroki Shell Mound
The Todororoki Shell Midden (轟貝塚, Todororoki kaizuka) is an archaeological site in what is now the Miyanosho-cho neighborhood of the city of Uto, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan with an early Jōmon period shell midden.  The site was designated a  National Historic Site in 2022 by the Japanese government.

Uto, Kumamoto
Uto (宇土市, Uto-shi) is a city located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2024, the city had an estimated population of 36,149 in 16127 households, and a population density of 490 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 74.30 km2 (28.69 sq mi).
Bloomberg TV Canada
Bloomberg TV Canada was a Canadian English language specialty channel owned by Channel Zero. It served as a localized version of the U.S. financial news channel Bloomberg Television, while its programming was largely identical, but also featured opt-outs for domestic programs covering Canadian business news.

The channel launched on November 17, 2015, replacing the American version that was readily available in Canada. The channel shut down on October 5, 2017, and Bloomberg subsequently partnered with established Canadian competitor Business News Network (BNN) in 2018 instead. As a result of the partnership, BNN became BNN Bloomberg.

Channel Zero (company)
2308740 Ontario Inc., doing business as Channel Zero, is an independent Canadian broadcasting and media group, which holds assets in television broadcasting and film distribution. The company is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, with its main office in the Junction.
Development and opening up of Pudong
The development and opening up of Pudong was a decision announced by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council of the People's Republic of China in April 1990, which led to the birth of the Pudong New Area in Shanghai. The GDP of Pudong increased by more than 60 times in the following 20 years, becoming one of the most important symbols of China's reform and opening up.

Pudong
Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu, the river which flows through central Shanghai. The name Pudong was originally applied to the Huangpu's east bank, directly across from the west bank or Puxi, the historic city center.  It now refers to the broader Pudong New Area, a state-level new area which extends all the way to the East China Sea.

The traditional area of Pudong is now home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and many of Shanghai's best-known buildings, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center, and the Shanghai Tower. These modern skyscrapers directly face Puxi's historic Bund, a remnant of former foreign concessions in China. The rest of the new area includes the Port of Shanghai, the Shanghai Expo and Century Park, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai Pudong International Airport, the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve, Nanhui New City, and the Shanghai Disney Resort.