hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Clifford, 4th Baron Clifford
Robert Clifford, 4th Baron de Clifford (born between 1328 and 1331 – 1350) and lord of the honour of Skipton Craven was a member of the Clifford family in fourteenth-century England.

He was the son and heir of Robert, the third Baron and was aged somewhere between thirteen and sixteen on his father's death in 1344. Young Robert married into the Neville family in April 1343 when he wed Euphemia, daughter of Ralph, Lord of Raby, in whose wardship Clifford had been placed.

He died in France without heirs, and without ever having come of age, in 1350. Euphemia remarried within two years, to a son of Thomas, Lord Lucy, and lived until November 1393.

He was succeeded by his brother Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford.

Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville
Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville of Raby (c. 1291 – 5 August 1367) was an English aristocrat, the son of Ralph Neville, 1st Baron Neville de Raby and Eupheme de Clavering. He was appointed as one of the wardens of the marches, the principal officers responsible for frontier defence, a role thereafter closely associated with the Neville family. In 1346 he commanded the English army that decisively defeated a Scottish invasion at the Battle of Neville's Cross near Durham, capturing King David II of Scotland. By the mid-14th century the Nevilles had also assumed responsibilities in naval defence, holding the post of Admiral of the North.
Colin Kolles
Colin Kolles (born Călin Colesnic; born 13 December 1967 in Timișoara) is a Romanian-German former team principal and managing director of the Hispania Racing F1 Team, previously holding a similar position at the team known under the names Jordan, Midland, Spyker and Force India from 2005 to 2008. He was an advisor to Caterham F1 and had  a part in the unsuccessful Forza Rossa Racing project.

Romanians in Germany
Romanians in Germany are one of the sizable communities of the Romanian diaspora in Western Europe. According to German statistics, in 2022, the number of Romanian citizens in Germany was 883,670.  The number of people with Romanian ancestry in 2022 (defined as all persons who migrated to the present area of the Federal Republic of Germany after 1949, plus all foreign nationals born in Germany and all persons born in Germany as German nationals with at least one parent who migrated to Germany or was born in Germany as a foreign national) was 1,096,000.
Mount Olive, Jefferson County, Alabama
Mount Olive, also spelled Mt. Olive is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, Alabama. Its location is in the suburbs of Birmingham. As of the 2010 census, the population of the community is 4,079. Mount Olive is bordered on the south and the east by the city of Gardendale, and in fact, some areas that had previously been in Mount Olive have been annexed into Gardendale over the years. Running along part of the border between Mt. Olive and Gardendale is the major expressway, Interstate 65. Eventually, part of Birmingham's Northern Beltline will cut through northwestern sections of Mt. Olive.  Mt. Olive has its own elementary school, and was formerly the home of a junior high school.

Jefferson County, Alabama
Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama, located in the central portion of the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 674,721. Its county seat is Birmingham. Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century, based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron, established its dominance. Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Hutt Workshops
41°13′47.61″S 174°54′37.54″E﻿ / ﻿41.2298917°S 174.9104278°E﻿ / -41.2298917; 174.9104278

The Hutt Railway Workshops is a major railway engineering facility in the Lower Hutt suburb of Gracefield in the Wellington region of New Zealand's North Island. It is state-owned enterprise KiwiRail's only workshops, and was opened in 1930.

This facility is the central motive power maintenance operation and also maintains rolling stock.

NZR K class (1932)
The NZR K class of 1932 was a class of mixed traffic 4-8-4 steam locomotives built by the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) that operated on New Zealand's railway network. The locomotives were developed following the failure of the G class Garratt locomotives. The class should not be confused with the much earlier K class of 1877-78, the first American-built engines to arrive in New Zealand.
The Comedy Store
The Comedy Store is an American comedy club opened in April 1972. It is located in West Hollywood, California, at 8433 Sunset Boulevard on the Sunset Strip. An associated club is located in La Jolla, San Diego, California.

West Hollywood, California
West Hollywood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip, and located between the cities of Los Angeles and Beverly Hills. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 35,757.
Infratrochlear nerve
The infratrochlear nerve is a branch of the nasociliary nerve (itself a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)) in the orbit. It exits the orbit inferior to the trochlea of superior oblique. It provides sensory innervation to structures of the orbit and skin of adjacent structures.: 631, 783

Nasociliary nerve
The nasociliary nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) (which is in turn a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). It is intermediate in size between the other two branches of the ophthalmic nerve, the frontal nerve and lacrimal nerve.
Symplectic cut
In mathematics, specifically in symplectic geometry, the symplectic cut is a geometric modification on symplectic manifolds. Its effect is to decompose a given manifold into two pieces. There is an inverse operation, the symplectic sum, that glues two manifolds together into one. The symplectic cut can also be viewed as a generalization of symplectic blow up. The cut was introduced in 1995 by Eugene Lerman, who used it to study the symplectic quotient and other operations on manifolds.

Symplectic sum
In mathematics, specifically in symplectic geometry, the symplectic sum is a geometric modification on symplectic manifolds, which glues two given manifolds into a single new one. It is a symplectic version of connected summation along a submanifold, often called a fiber sum.

The symplectic sum is the inverse of the symplectic cut, which decomposes a given manifold into two pieces. Together the symplectic sum and cut may be viewed as a deformation of symplectic manifolds, analogous for example to deformation to the normal cone in algebraic geometry.

The symplectic sum has been used to construct previously unknown families of symplectic manifolds, and to derive relationships among the Gromov–Witten invariants of symplectic manifolds.
Ishrat Hussain Usmani
Ishrat Hussain Usmani (Urdu:  عشرت حسین عثمانی) ‎ (15 April 1917 – 17 June 1992) NI, best known as I. H. Usmani, was a Pakistani atomic physicist, and later a public official who chaired the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) from 1960 to 1971 as well as overseeing the establishment of the Space Research Commission.

His career was mostly spent in the Government of Pakistan as a public policy official where he pushed for peaceful and commercial usage of the nuclear energy, and later worked on arms control with Ministry of Defense to become a party of Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963 before joining the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as the Chair of its Board of Governors. Usmani oversaw the nuclear power generation in Pakistan, working towards commissioning the nuclear power grid station in Karachi, and strengthened the role of the atomic energy commission at the United Nations.

Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology
The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH) is a federally funded scientific research and development complex in Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.

The site was designed by the American architect Edward Durell Stone and its construction was completed in 1965. It has been described as "[maybe] the most architecturally stunning physics complex in the world".

In response to the war with India in 1971, the lab was repurposed as a primary weapons laboratory from its original civilian mission. Since the 1990s, the lab has been focused increasingly on civilian mission and it maintains a broad portfolio in providing research opportunities in supercomputing, renewable energy, physical sciences, philosophy, materials science, medicine, environmental science, and mathematics.
Puka Urqu (Antabamba)
Puka Urqu (Quechua puka red, urqu mountain,) "red mountain", Hispanicized spelling Puca Orjo) is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Antabamba District. Paychi lies northwest of Paqu Qhawana and north of Yana Ranra.

Yana Ranra (Apurímac)
Yana Ranra (Quechua yana black, ranra stony; stony ground, "black stony ground", also spelled Yanaranra) is 5,002-metre-high (16,411 ft) mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Antabamba District. Yana Ranra lies west of Paqu Qhawana, north of Quri Waraqa and south of Puka Urqu. South of Yana Ranra there is a small lake name Qiñwaqucha (Quechua for Polylepis lake, Queñuacocha)
William Carlos Williams Award
The William Carlos Williams Award is given out by the Poetry Society of America for a poetry book published by a small press, non-profit, or university press.

The award is endowed by the family and friends of Geraldine Clinton Little, a poet and author of short stories and former vice-president of the society.
The award is a "purchase prize" of $500 to $1000.

Poetry Society of America
The Poetry Society of America is a literary organization founded in 1910 by poets, editors, and artists. It is the oldest poetry organization in the United States. Past members of the society have included such renowned poets as Witter Bynner, Robert Frost, Langston Hughes, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Marianne Moore, and Wallace Stevens.
Haplogroup G-M201
Haplogroup G (M201) is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of the parent haplogroup GHIJK, the other being HIJK.

G-M201 is widely thought to have originated in Western Asia. It is now most commonly found among various ethnic groups of the Caucasus, and to a lesser degree the Mediterranean, but is also widely distributed at low frequencies among ethnic groups throughout Europe, West Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, and North Africa.

The most commonly occurring subclades are G1* (M285) and many subclades of G2 (G-P287), especially: G2a (P15), G2a1 (G-FGC7535, formerly G-L293), G2a2b2a (G-P303) formerly G2a3b1); G2a2b1 (G-M406) formerly G2a3a; G2a2b2a1 (G-L140) formerly G2a3b1a; G2a2b2a1a1b (G-L497) formerly G2a3b1a2; G2a2b2a1a1a1 (G-L13) formerly G2a3b1a1a; G2a2b2a1a1c1a (G-CTS5990 or G-Z1903) formerly G2a3b1a3; G2b (G-M3115) and; G2b1 (G-M377), formerly G2b.

Haplogroup G-P303
In human genetics, Haplogroup G-P303 (G2a2b2a, formerly G2a3b1) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G (Y-DNA) (M201).  In descending order, G-P303 is additionally a branch of G2 (P287), G2a (P15), G2a2, G2a2b, G2a2b2, and finally G2a2b2a. This haplogroup represents the majority of haplogroup G men in most areas of Europe west of Russia and the Black Sea. To the east, G-P303 is found among G persons across the Middle East, Iran, the southern Caucasus area, China, and India. G-P303 exhibits its highest diversity in the Levant.
National CAD Standard
The National CAD Standard (NCS) is a collaborative effort in the United States among computer-aided design (CAD) and building information modeling (BIM) users. Its goal is to create a unified approach to the creation of building design data. Development of the NCS is open to all building professionals in a collaborative process led by the buildingSMART Alliance.

The NCS is composed of CAD layer guidelines from the American Institute of Architects, uniform drawing system modules from the Construction Specifications Institute, and BIM implementation and plotting guidelines from the National Institute of Building Sciences. Adoption of the NCS is voluntary, however adopting companies and agencies can require its use by their associates.

National Institute of Building Sciences
The National Institute of Building Sciences is a non-profit, non-governmental organization that identifies and resolves problems and potential issues in the built environment throughout the United States. Its creation was authorized by the U.S. Congress in the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974.
Huntsville, Utah
Huntsville is a town in Weber County, Utah, United States. The population was 573 at the 2020 census. It is located in Ogden Valley. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the Ogden Valley census county division.

Ogden Valley, Utah
Ogden Valley (Shoshone: Ink-ah-we-in-da, “Red Pass Basin”) is a city, high mountain valley, and ski resort community in Weber County, Utah, United States. The population was 6,855 at the 2010 census. Planning in the valley is managed by a special county-level planning division, the Ogden Valley Planning Commission. The valley is a popular vacation and tourism destination with three ski resorts, Pineview Reservoir, Causey Reservoir, and national forest lands. Despite its name, the city of Ogden is not located in the Ogden Valley.
135th (Middlesex) Battalion, CEF
The 135th (Middlesex) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.  Based in London, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Middlesex County.  After sailing to England in August 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 116th, 125th and 134th Battalions as well as the 8th Reserve Battalion in October 1916.  The 135th (Middlesex) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. B. Robson.

The 135th (Middlesex) Battalion, CEF was perpetuated by The Middlesex and Huron Regiment which was disbanded in 1946.

Middlesex and Huron Regiment
The Middlesex and Huron Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). It was formed in 1936, as a result of the Amalgamation of The Middlesex Light Infantry and The Huron Regiment. In 1946, the regiment was disbanded.
Varanasi district
Varanasi district is a district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, with the holy city of Varanasi as the district headquarters. It is also the headquarters of the Varanasi division which contains 4 districts (including Varanasi).

It is surrounded by Mirzapur district, Jaunpur district, Ghazipur district, Chandauli district, and Bhadohi district. The Ganga (Ganges) river flows through the district. Part of the Varanasi division, the district occupies an area of 1,535 square kilometres (593 sq mi) and as of the 2011 Census of India, it had a population of 3,676,841.

Mirzapur district
Mirzapur district is one of the 75 districts in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The district is bounded on the north by Bhadohi and Varanasi districts, on the east by Chandauli district, on the south by Sonbhadra district and Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh and on the northwest by Prayagraj. The district occupies an area of 4521 km2. Mirzapur city is the district headquarters. Mirzapur district is a part of Mirzapur division. This district is known for the Vindhyavasini temple in Vindhyachal and several tourist attractions like waterfalls like Rajdari and Devdari and dams. It consist of several Ghats where historical sculptures are still present. During the Ganges festival these Ghats are decorated with lights and earthen lamps.

It was once the largest district in Uttar Pradesh until Sonbhadra district was separated from Mirzapur in 1989.
Bolo, Prince Duanzhong
Bolo (Manchu: ᠪᠣᠯᠣ Bolo; 1613 – 23 April 1652), formally known as Prince Duanzhong, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was born in the Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Qing dynasty, as the third son of Abatai.

Abatai
Abatai (Manchu: ; 27 July 1589 – 10 May 1646) was a Manchu prince and military general of the early Qing dynasty. Although an inconsistent and dissolute malcontent, he nevertheless showed considerable ability as a military leader and administrator.
George Nuttall
George Henry Falkiner Nuttall FRS (5 July 1862 – 16 December 1937) was an American-British bacteriologist who contributed much to the knowledge of parasites and of insect carriers of diseases. He made significant innovative discoveries in immunology, about life under aseptic conditions, in blood chemistry, and about diseases transmitted by arthropods, especially ticks. He carried out investigations into the distribution of Anopheline mosquitoes in England in relation to the previous prevalence of malaria there. With William Welch he identified the organism responsible for causing gas gangrene.

George Stuart Graham-Smith
George Stuart Graham-Smith (25 September 1875 - 30 August 1950) was a British pathologist and zoologist particularly noted for his work on flies, both as disease vectors, and as organisms of interest in their own right.
St John the Baptist's Church, Bretherton
St John the Baptist's Church is in the village of Bretherton, Lancashire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Chorley, the archdeaconry of Blackburn and the diocese of Blackburn. Its benefice is united with that of St Michael and All Angels, Croston. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It was a Commissioners' church, having received a grant towards its construction from the Church Building Commission.

Diocese of Blackburn
The diocese of Blackburn is diocese of the Church of England in North West England. Its boundaries correspond to northern Lancashire. The diocese contains 211 parishes and 280 churches. Blackburn Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Blackburn, currently Philip North, and the diocesan offices are also located in Blackburn.

What is now the diocese of Blackburn was historically part of the diocese of York. It became part of the newly created diocese of Chester in 1541, and part of the diocese of Manchester when it was created in 1847. The diocese of Blackburn was in turn established on 12 November 1926 from the northern part of Manchester.
Chamfer (geometry)
In geometry, a chamfer or edge-truncation is a topological operator that modifies one polyhedron into another. It separates the faces by reducing them, and adds a new face between each two adjacent faces (moving the vertices inward).  Oppositely, similar to expansion, it moves the faces apart outward, and adds a new face between each two adjacent faces; but contrary to expansion, it maintains the original vertices.

For a polyhedron, this operation adds a new hexagonal face in place of each original edge.

In Conway polyhedron notation, chamfering is represented by the letter "c". A polyhedron with e edges will have a chamfered form containing 2e new vertices, 3e new edges, and e new hexagonal faces.

Truncation (geometry)
In geometry, a truncation is an operation in any dimension that cuts polytope vertices, creating a new facet in place of each vertex. The term originates from Kepler's names for the Archimedean solids.
Jay Hosler
Jay Hosler is the author and illustrator of science-oriented comics. He is best known for his graphic novels Clan Apis, The Sandwalk Adventures, and Optical Allusions. Clan Apis, a Xeric Foundation Award winner, follows the life of a honey bee named Nyuki; the story conveys factual information about honey bees in a humorous fashion as Nyuki learns about each new stage of her life. The Sandwalk Adventures, an Eisner Award nominee, follows a conversation about evolution between Charles Darwin and a follicle mite living in his left eyebrow.  Optical Allusions, funded in part by a National Science Foundation grant, explains the evolution of the eye and vision by following the story of Wrinkles the Wonderbrain.  Hosler is also an entomologist and David K Goodman '74 Professor of Biology at Juniata College.

The Sandwalk Adventures
The Sandwalk Adventures is a graphic novel created by Assistant Professor of Biology at Juniata College, Jay Hosler.  It was originally published in 2001 as five comic books, and republished as into a single graphic novel in 2003.  The Sandwalk Adventures is the tale of follicle mites living in the left eyebrow of Charles Darwin himself.  The mites believe Darwin to be a god, one of their creation myths handed down from generation to generation, and he has to set them straight about that and other mite fables.  A humorous series of illustrated lessons in natural selection and evolution ensues.
Charter High School of the Arts
Charter High of the Arts Multimedia and Performing (or CHAMPS) is a public charter high school in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California.

The school was founded in 2005 by Norman Isaacs, a former principal of Robert A. Millikan Middle School Performing Arts Magnet in Sherman Oaks. Isaacs sought to create a high school where students could study digital media, visual, and performing arts.

CHAMPS and the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts are the only public high schools that admit students from anywhere in Los Angeles County. Students who want to enroll in a specific academy (dance, music, drama, media arts, or robotics) must audition to get in. Enrolled students may change academies with the approval of the department chairs and counselors.

Los Angeles County High School for the Arts
Los Angeles County High School for the Arts (LACHSA, /ˈlɒksə/) is a visual and performing arts high school located on the campus of California State University, Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California, United States.

It is a public school, operated by the Los Angeles County Office of Education.
Essendon railway station
Essendon station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Craigieburn and Seymour lines, part of the Melbourne and Victorian railway networks. It serves the northern suburb of Essendon in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Essendon station is a ground level premium station, featuring three platforms, an island platform with two faces and one side platform. It opened on 1 November 1860, with the current station provided in 1871. It initially closed on 1 July 1864, then reopened on 9 October 1871.

Essendon, Victoria
Essendon  (/ɛsəndən/) is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8 km (5.0 mi) north-west of Melbourne's central business district. It is located within the City of Moonee Valley local government area. Essendon recorded a population of 21,240 at the 2021 census.

Essendon is bounded in the west by Hoffmans Road, in the north by Keilor Road and Woodland Street, in the east by the Moonee Ponds Creek, and in the south by Buckley Street (with a small portion further south bordering Moonee Ponds).
Folkingham
Folkingham (/ˈfɒkɪŋəm/ ⓘ FOK-ing-əm) is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the A15 road 11 miles (18 km) north of Bourne and 10 miles (16 km) south of Sleaford. The 2001 Census gave a population of 729, rising to 796 at the 2011 census, and estimated at 795 in 2016.

South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. Its council is based in Grantham. The district also includes the towns of Bourne, Market Deeping and Stamford, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, South Holland to the east, the City of Peterborough and North Northamptonshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, the Melton district of Leicestershire to the west, and the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire to the north-west.