hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Manchester (CL-83)
USS Manchester was a Cleveland-class light cruiser of the United States Navy, which were built during World War II. The class was designed as a development of the earlier Brooklyn-class cruisers, the size of which had been limited by the First London Naval Treaty. The start of the war led to the dissolution of the treaty system, but the dramatic need for new vessels precluded a new design, so the Clevelands used the same hull as their predecessors, but were significantly heavier. The Clevelands carried a main battery of twelve 6-inch (152 mm) guns in four three-gun turrets, along with a secondary armament of twelve 5 in (127 mm) dual-purpose guns. They had a top speed of 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph).

The ship was laid down 25 September 1944 by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation's Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts; launched 5 March 1946; sponsored by Mrs. Ernest J. Gladu; and commissioned 29 October 1946, Capt. Peter G. Hale in command.

Cleveland-class cruiser
The Cleveland-class was a group of light cruisers built for the United States Navy during World War II. They were the most numerous class of light cruisers ever built.  Fifty-two were ordered, and 36 were completed, 27 as cruisers and nine as the Independence-class of light aircraft carriers. They were deactivated within a few years after the end of the war, but six were converted into missile ships, and some of these served into the 1970s.  One ship of the class, USS Little Rock (CL-92), remains as a museum ship.
Pico da Vara
Pico da Vara is the highest mountain on the island of São Miguel, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, and principal special protection of the Nature Reserve of Pico da Vara. The area around the mountain includes the largest remaining stand of the native laurisilva forest on the island, home to the critically endangered endemic Azores bullfinch.

São Miguel Island
São Miguel Island (pronounced [ˈsɐ̃w miˈɣɛl]; Portuguese for 'Saint Michael'), nicknamed "The Green Island" (Ilha Verde), is the largest and most populous island in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The island covers 760 km2 (290 sq mi) and has around 140,000 inhabitants, with 45,000 people residing in Ponta Delgada, the archipelago's largest city.
Christian J. Lambertsen
Christian James Lambertsen (May 15, 1917 – February 11, 2011) was an American medical researcher. He was a environmental medicine and diving medicine specialist who was principally responsible for developing the United States Navy frogmen's rebreathers in the early 1940s for underwater warfare. Lambertsen designed a series of rebreathers in 1940 (patent filing date: 16 Dec 1940) and in 1944 (patent issue date: 2 May 1944) and first called his invention breathing apparatus. Later, after the war, he called it Laru (acronym for Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit) and finally, in 1952, he changed his invention's name again to SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus). Although diving regulator technology was invented by Émile Gagnan and Jacques-Yves Cousteau in 1943 and was unrelated  to rebreathers, the current use of the word SCUBA is largely attributed to the Gagnan-Cousteau invention. The US Navy considers Lambertsen to be "the father of the Frogmen".

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
The Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS) is an organization based in the US which supports research on matters of hyperbaric medicine and physiology, and provides a certificate of added qualification for physicians with an unrestricted license to practice medicine and for limited licensed practitioners, at the completion of the Program for Advanced Training in Hyperbaric Medicine. They support an extensive library and are a primary source of information for diving and hyperbaric medicine physiology worldwide.
Wüstenhaus Schönbrunn
The Wüstenhaus Schönbrunn (Schönbrunn Desert House) is a desert botanical exhibit in Vienna, Austria.  It is located in the Sonnenuhrhaus ("Sundial House"), which was built in 1904 as the newest of the four botanical houses in Schönbrunn Palace Park. The desert exhibit opened in 2004 as a counterpart to the "Rainforest House" that opened in 2002 in the nearby Vienna Zoo.

Schönbrunn Palace
Schönbrunn Palace (German: Schloss Schönbrunn [ˈʃlɔs ʃøːnˈbʁʊn] ⓘ) was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, the 13th district of Vienna. The name Schönbrunn (meaning "beautiful spring") has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court.

The 1,441-room Baroque palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country. The history of the palace and its vast gardens spans over 300 years, reflecting the changing tastes, interests, and aspirations of successive Habsburg monarchs. It has been a major tourist attraction since the mid-1950s.
Vergennes, Vermont
Vergennes /vərˈdʒɛnz/ is a city located in the northwest quadrant of Addison County, Vermont, United States. The municipality is bordered by the towns of Ferrisburgh, Panton, and Waltham. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,553. It is the smallest of Vermont's 10 cities in terms of population, though the city of Winooski has the smallest area. It was the first city chartered in the state of Vermont and is the only city in Addison County.

Winooski, Vermont
Winooski /wɪˈnuːski/ is a city in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. Located on the Winooski River, as of the 2020 U.S. census the municipal population was 7,997. The city is the most densely populated municipality in northern New England, an area comprising the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. It is the smallest of Vermont's 10 cities by area, though the city of Vergennes has the smallest population. As part of the Burlington, Vermont metropolitan area, it is bordered by Burlington, Colchester, and South Burlington.
Gajarathapur
Gajarathapur (Maithili: गजरथपुर) is a historical village in the Mithila region of Bihar in India. It was established as the capital of the mediaeval Mithila Kingdom by the King Shivasimha of the Oiniwar Dynasty. It is presently located in the Darbhanga district of Bihar. According to historians, during the period of the king Amritkar, the son of the famous king Chandrakar, he shifted his capital from Gajarathapur to Padma.

Shiva Simha Singh
Shiva Simha Singh, also known as Sivasimha, was a king of the Oiniwar dynasty in Mithila. He was also referred to as Rūpanārāyana. He declared himself independent and stopped paying taxes to Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur Sultanate, who invaded Mithila but was defeated.

Mithila, Bengal and Arakanese accounts say that King Sivasimha helped another Brahmin ruler and his friend, Raja Ganesha of Bengal, defeating the Jaunpur Sultanate in Bengal-Jaunpur conflict. Ganesha had previously freed Bengal from Muslim occupation.
Investigatory Powers Tribunal
The Investigatory Powers Tribunal (IPT) is a first-instance tribunal and superior court of record in the United Kingdom. It is primarily an inquisitorial court.

It hears complaints about surveillance by public bodies, primarily the intelligence services. It does not hear complaints about surveillance by private bodies.

It is a part of the Home Office but operates independently. It is also separate from the administration of the rest of the UK tribunals system.

Investigatory Powers Act 2016
The Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25) (nicknamed the Snoopers' Charter) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which received royal assent on 29 November 2016. Its different parts came into force on various dates from 30 December 2016. The Act comprehensively sets out and in limited respects expands the electronic surveillance powers of the British intelligence agencies and police. It also claims to improve the safeguards on the exercise of those powers.

The Act was amended by the Investigatory Powers (Amendment) Act 2024, following a review by Lord Anderson of Ipswich, the person who originally proposed the Act.
1959 Penistone by-election
A 1959 by-election was held for the British House of Commons constituency of Penistone in South Yorkshire on 11 June 1959.  The seat had become vacant on the death of the Labour Member of Parliament Henry McGhee, who had held the seat since the 1935 general election.

Henry McGhee
Henry George McGhee (3 July 1898 – 6 February 1959) was a British Labour Party politician.

He was educated in Lurgan, County Armagh and Glasgow and was a dentist. He was elected at the 1935 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Penistone in the West Riding of Yorkshire and held the seat until his death in 1959 aged 60.

During the late 1930s he was a member of the Parliamentary Pacifist Group.  In the late 1940s, he was treasurer of the Friends of Ireland.

His successor at the by-election following his death was John Mendelson.

He was the son of Irish MP, Richard McGhee.
City of Fairfax Historic District
The City of Fairfax Historic District is a national historic district located at Fairfax, Virginia.  It encompasses 28 contributing buildings in the central business district of Fairfax.  Notable buildings include the Old Town Hall, which was built in 1900; the Barbour Building; First National Bank of Fairfax; Ford Building; Marsh House; McHugh & Hoffman Building; Rust Building; and Truro Church.  Located in the district are the separately listed Historic Fairfax County Courthouse, Old Fairfax County Jail, and Ratcliffe-Logan-Allison House.: 9

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Old Town Hall (Fairfax, Virginia)
Old Town Hall is a classical revival style hall that was built in 1900 by Joseph E. Willard and subsequently donated by him to Fairfax, Virginia.  Built by Arthur Thompson, a local contractor, the building retains much of  its original woodwork. Old Town Hall’s second level houses the Huddleson Library and is home to the Fairfax Art League.

The hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 as part of the City of Fairfax Historic District.
Barrett House (New Ipswich, New Hampshire)
The Barrett House (circa 1800), also known as Forest Hall, is a Federal style American mansion located in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, part of the New Ipswich Center Village Historic District. It is now a nonprofit museum operated by Historic New England and open to the public several days a year. An admission fee is charged.

New Ipswich, New Hampshire
New Ipswich is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,204 at the 2020 census. New Ipswich, situated on the Massachusetts border, includes the villages of Bank, Davis, Gibson Four Corners, Highbridge, New Ipswich Center, Smithville, and Wilder, though these village designations no longer hold the importance they did in the past. The Wapack Trail passes through the community.
The Fool (tarot card)
The Fool is one of the 78 cards in a tarot deck. Traditionally, it is the lowest of the 22 trump cards, in tarot card reading called the 22 Major Arcana. However, in tarot card games it developed to be not one of the (then 21) trump cards but a special card, serving a unique purpose by itself. In later Central European tarot card games, it re-developed to now become the highest trump. As a consequence and with respect to his unique history, The Fool is usually an unnumbered card with a unique design; but sometimes it is numbered as 0 (the first) or more rarely XXII (the last). Design and numbering-or-not clearly indicate its role as a trump or special card in the specific game.

Visconti-Sforza Tarot
The Visconti-Sforza Tarot is used collectively to refer to incomplete sets of approximately 15 decks from the middle of the 15th century, now located in various museums, libraries, and private collections around the world.  No complete deck has survived; rather, some collections have a few face cards, while some consist of a single card.  They are the oldest surviving tarot cards and date back to a period when tarot was still called Trionfi ("triumphs" i.e. trump) cards, and used for everyday playing. They were commissioned by Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, and by his successor and son-in-law Francesco Sforza. They had a significant impact on the visual composition, card numbering and interpretation of modern decks.
John Hemings
John Hemmings (also spelled Hemings) (1776 – 1833) was an American woodworker. Born into slavery at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello as a member of the large mixed-race Hemings family, he trained in the Monticello Joinery and became a highly skilled carpenter and woodworker, making furniture and crafting the fine woodwork of the interiors at Monticello and Poplar Forest.

Hemmings also served as the master joiner to apprentices Beverley, Madison, and Eston Hemings, Jefferson's sons by Sally Hemings.

After decades of service, John Hemmings was freed in 1826 by Jefferson's will and given the tools to the joinery. He remained at Monticello until about 1831 and died in 1833.

William Beverly Hemings
William Beverly Hemings (April 1, 1798 – 1873), also referred to by family members as Beverley, was the son of Sally Hemings, an enslaved woman at Monticello, and widely believed to be the eldest son of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. He was one of four Hemings children to survive to adulthood and was part of the large enslaved Hemings family closely associated with Jefferson.
48th Highlanders of Canada
The 48th Highlanders of Canada is a Canadian Forces Primary Reserve infantry regiment based in Toronto, Ontario, parading out of Moss Park Armoury. The regiment is part of 4th Canadian Division's 32 Canadian Brigade Group.

The regiment was formed in 1891, and a battalion using the 48th's badges and tartan fought in France and Flanders in the First World War. The regiment fielded an overseas battalion for the Second World War that fought in Sicily, Italy and northwestern Europe.

Gordon Highlanders
The Gordon Highlanders was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that existed for 113 years, from 1881 until 1994, when it was amalgamated with The Queen's Own Highlanders (Seaforth and Camerons) to form The Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons). Although the 'Gordon Highlanders' had existed as the 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot since 1794, the actual 'Gordon Highlanders Regiment' was formed in 1881 by amalgamation of the 75th (Stirlingshire) Regiment of Foot and 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot.
Mark Michalowski
Mark Michalowski (born 1963 in Chesterfield) is the editor of Shout!, "Yorkshire's lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender paper", as well as being an author best known for his work writing spin-offs based on the BBC Television series Doctor Who. He lives and works in Leeds.

Bernice Summerfield
Professor Bernice Surprise Summerfield, or simply Benny, is a fictional character created by author Paul Cornell as a new companion of the Seventh Doctor in Virgin Publishing's range of original full-length Doctor Who novels, the New Adventures. The New Adventures were authorised novels carrying on from where the Doctor Who television series had left off, and Summerfield was introduced in Cornell's novel Love and War in 1992.
Genetic studies on Bosniaks
As with all modern European nations, a large degree of 'biological continuity' exists between Bosnians and Bosniaks and their ancient predecessors with Y chromosomal lineages testifying to predominantly Paleolithic European ancestry. Studies based on bi-allelic markers of the NRY (non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome) have shown the three main ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats) to share, in spite of some quantitative differences, a large fraction of the same ancient gene pool distinct for the region. Analysis of autosomal STRs have moreover revealed no significant difference between the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighbouring populations.

Haplogroup I-M438
Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 (ISOGG 2019), is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of haplogroup I-M170. Haplogroup I-M438 originated some time around 26,000–31,000 BCE. It originated in Europe and developed into several main subgroups: I2-M438*, I2a-L460, I2b-L415 and I2c-L596. The haplogroup can be found all over Europe and reaches its maximum frequency in the Dinaric Alps (Balkans) via founder effect, related to the migrations of the Early Slavs to the Balkan peninsula.

The oldest example so far found is that of Hohle Fels (49) from Germany, being at least 14,200 years old.
KK Włocławek
Klub Koszykówki Włocławek (English: Basketball Club Włocławek), or known for sponsorship reasons as Anwil Włocławek, is a Polish professional basketball club, based in Włocławek, Poland. The team plays in the Polish Basketball League (PLK) and internationally in the FIBA Europe Cup. Their home arena is Hala Mistrzów.

The club has won the PLK championship three times, in 2003, 2018 and 2019. The club has also won four Polish Cup titles and three Polish Supercup titles. Anwil is the only Polish club in history to have won a European club competition, as they won the FIBA Europe Cup in 2023.

Włocławek
Włocławek (Polish: [vwɔˈt͡swavɛk] ⓘ; German: Leslau or Alt Lesle, Yiddish: וולאָצלאַוועק, romanized: Vlatzlavek, Russian: Влоцлавек Vlotslavek) is a city in the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship in central Poland along the Vistula River, bordered by the Gostynin-Włocławek Landscape Park. As of December 2021, the population of the city is 106,928.

Founded in the 9th century, Włocławek is located in the historical region of Kuyavia, and was its administrative center and main city in the Middle Ages. Nowadays, Włocławek is the third largest city of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (after Bydgoszcz and Toruń) and the main cultural and economic center of eastern Kuyavia. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek, one of the oldest dioceses in Poland, since the 12th century, with the landmark Gothic Włocławek Cathedral listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. Poland's largest hydroelectric power plant is also located there.
Phil Migliarese
Phil "Jiu-Jitsu Matrix" Migliarese (born Philip Migliarese III, January 11, 1976) is an American 6th degree Relson Gracie Brazilian jiu-jitsu Black Belt. A Gracie Worlds and National Champion, Migliarese is a trainer, training partner and coach to UFC and MMA fighters as well as World and Pan-Am Champions. Migliarese is also a yoga instructor and author/creator of Yoga For Fighters. He lives in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he teaches with his brother, Ricardo Migliarese.

Ricardo Migliarese
Ricardo “Animal” Migliarese (aka Rick Migliarese, born December 17, 1978) is an American professional Brazilian Jiu Jitsu grappler and a 5th degree Relson Gracie Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Black Belt with approximately 20 years of experience in BJJ and Mixed Martial Arts. A World and Pan-Am Champion, Rick is a trainer, training partner and coach to UFC and MMA fighters as well as other World and Pan-Am Champions. He lives in Philadelphia, PA where he teaches at Balance Studios which he co-owns with his brother, Phil Migliarese. Rick is also one of the co-founders/co-owners of Matrix Fights Promotion Company.
Diabasbrottet Quarry
The Diabasbrottet Quarry (58°21′32.2″N 12°30′08.6″E﻿ / ﻿58.358944°N 12.502389°E﻿ / 58.358944; 12.502389), located on Mt. Hunneberg, Västergötland, Sweden, is the location of the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) which marks the lower boundary of the  Floian stage of the Lower Ordovician.

The lower boundary of the Floian is defined as the first appearance of Tetragraptus approximatus, a graptolite species. The rock section belongs to the Tøyen Formation and is dominated by shale. It is unusually fossiliferous, including fossilized remains of graptolites, conodonts, and trilobites. It is highly compressed, and the Ordovician section is only 12 m thick.

The Floian stage is named after Flo Parish, a village 5 km to the southeast of the Diabasbrottet quarry.

It was selected over "The Ledge" in western Newfoundland in 2000 and ratified as the GSSP by the International Union of Geological Sciences in 2002.

Flo, Sweden
58°20′07″N 12°34′05″E﻿ / ﻿58.33524°N 12.567978°E﻿ / 58.33524; 12.567978

Flo (Swedish: Flo socken) is a historic parish (socken) in the Swedish province of Västergötland. Since 1971 it has been a part of Grästorp Municipality.
Emerge (magazine)
Emerge was a monthly news magazine that was published from 1989 to 2000. Its primary focus was on issues of interest to African Americans. In 2000, Time said Emerge was "the nation's best black newsmagazine for the past seven years" the St. Louis Post-Dispatch described it as "the premier source for intellectual discussion on issues affecting African-Americans", and the New York Amsterdam News wrote that "it had no rival for cutting edge news for and about the black community". The magazine was headquartered in Washington, D.C.

George E. Curry
George Edward Curry (February 23, 1947 – August 20, 2016) was an American journalist. Curry was considered the "dean of black press columnists", and his weekly commentaries enjoyed wide syndication. He died of heart failure on August 20, 2016.
Neviglie
Neviglie is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Turin and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 419 and an area of 8.1 square kilometres (3.1 sq mi).

Neviglie borders the following municipalities: Mango, Neive, Treiso, and Trezzo Tinella.

Trezzo Tinella
Trezzo Tinella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 350 and an area of 10.4 square kilometres (4.0 sq mi).

The small and affable commune of Trezzo Tinella is located high in the Langa region. It occupies a very large territory situated at different elevations from 304 to 712 metres (997 to 2,336 ft) above sea level. At the centre of the commune is a church and the town hall. There was once a castle, the final tower of the castle collapsed in 1969. There was also a nursery and school which was closed in 1986.  Trezzo Tinella has dairy farms, vineyards, hazelnut groves and houses. A number of the buildings date back to Roman Times and the names derive from this era.

Trezzo Tinella borders the following municipalities: Alba, Borgomale, Castino, Mango, Neviglie, and Treiso.
KK MZT Skopje
MZT Skopje Aerodrom (Macedonian: МЗТ Скопје Аеродром) is a basketball club based in Skopje,  North Macedonia. The club competes in the Macedonian League and ABA League. The club's home ground is Jane Sandanski Arena, but due to small capacity, the matches in the ABA League and EuroCup between 2012 and 2014 were played in Boris Trajkovski Arena. Since the 2014–15 season, all matches are held in the renovated Jane Sandanski Arena.

In its history, MZT Skopje has won the Macedonian championship twelve times, the Macedonian Cup thirteen times, and the Macedonian Super Cup eight times.

The club was a founding member of the Adriatic Basketball Association in 2015. In November 2020, the club's shares were transferred to the Slovenian club KK Koper Primorska.

Aerodrom Municipality, Skopje
Aerodrom (Macedonian: Аеродром; [ˈaɛrɔdrɔm] ⓘ, meaning Airport or Aerodrome) is the largest in population of the ten municipalities that make up the city of Skopje, North Macedonia's capital. Despite its name, it isn't home to Skopje International Airport, which is in Petrovec.