hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou railway
The Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou railway (simplified Chinese: 广梅汕铁路; traditional Chinese: 廣梅汕鐵路; pinyin: guǎngméishàn tiělù) is a railway in Guangdong Province, China. The electrified railway, also known as the Guangmeishan railway, is named after the three primary cities along route Guangzhou, Meizhou and Shantou, and has a total length of 480 km (298 mi).  The line was built from 1991 to 1995. The Changping to Huizhou section was opened on 1 July 1992. It extends across the eastern half of Guangdong Province from Guangzhou to Meizhou in the interior and then south to Shantou on the coast. Cities along the route include Guangzhou, Dongguan, Huizhou, Heyuan, Longchuan, Xingning, Meizhou, Fengshun, Jieyang, Chaozhou and Shantou. In 1996, the Guangzhou-Longchuan section of the line became the southernmost section of the Beijing–Kowloon railway.

Xingning, Guangdong
Xingning is also the era name for Emperor Ai of the Jin dynasty.

Xingning (postal: Hingning; simplified Chinese: 兴宁; traditional Chinese: 興寧; pinyin: Xīngníng, Hakka: Hinnên) is a county-level city, under the jurisdiction of Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, China. The second largest city in eastern Guangdong, Xingning has an area of 2,104.85 square kilometres (812.69 sq mi) and a population of 779,411 (2020).
James Earl
James Earl (May 1, 1761 – August 18, 1796) was an American painter and younger brother of fellow portrait painter Ralph Earl. He was born in Leicester, Massachusetts, and died of yellow fever in Charleston, South Carolina. He lived and worked in London for ten years, where he married and had three children and enrolled in the Royal Academy in 1789. His British clientele were mostly Loyalists living in exile, though there is no evidence that he was a committed Loyalist himself. Among his best known works are Rebecca Pritchard Mills and Her Daughter Eliza Shrewsbury (ca. 1795) and a portrait of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney.

Rebecca Pritchard Mills and Her Daughter Eliza Shrewsbury
Rebecca Pritchard Mills (Mrs. William Mills) and Her Daughter Eliza Shrewsbury is an oil-on-canvas portrait created by American painter James Earl. It was painted in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1794 (possibly as late as 1796). A bequest of Henry Francis du Pont, the painting is held in the permanent collection of the Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library.
Sylvie Simmons
Sylvie Simmons is a British music journalist, based in California, U.S., named as a "principal player" in Paul Gorman's book on the history of the rock music press In Their Own Write (Sanctuary Publishing, 2001). A widely regarded writer and rock historian since the late 1970s, she is one of the few women to be included among the predominantly male rock elite.
Simmons is the author of a number of books, including biography and cult fiction. Simmons is also a singer-songwriter, ukulele player and recording artist.

Creem
Creem (often stylized in all caps) is an American rock music magazine and entertainment company, founded in Detroit, whose initial print run lasted from 1969 to 1989. It was first published in March 1969 by Barry Kramer and founding editor Tony Reay. Influential critic Lester Bangs served as the magazine's editor from 1971 to 1976. It suspended production in 1989 but attained a short-lived renaissance in the early 1990s as a tabloid. In June 2022, Creem was relaunched as a digital archive, website, weekly newsletter, and quarterly print edition.

The magazine is noted for having been an early champion of various heavy metal, punk rock, new wave and alternative bands, especially bands based in Detroit. The magazine popularized the terms "punk rock" and  "heavy metal".
Sophomore's dream
In mathematics, the sophomore's dream is the pair of identities (especially the first)

discovered in 1697 by Johann Bernoulli.

The numerical values of these constants are approximately 1.291285997... and 0.7834305107..., respectively.

The name "sophomore's dream" is in contrast to the name "freshman's dream" which is given to the incorrect identity . The sophomore's dream has a similar too-good-to-be-true feel, but is true.

Johann Bernoulli
Johann Bernoulli (also known as Jean in French or John in English; 6 August [O.S. 27 July] 1667 – 1 January 1748) was a Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is known for his contributions to infinitesimal calculus and educating Leonhard Euler in the pupil's youth.
Georgios Amerikanos
Georgios Amerikanos (alternate spellings: Giorgos, George) (Greek: Γιώργος Αμερικάνος; 21 December 1942 – 7 October 2013) was a Greek professional basketball player and coach. He was nicknamed Global, or Worldwide, due to his last name meaning American in English, and the level of his game being "All-World". In honour of his great contributions to the club as a player, his number 10 jersey was retired by AEK Athens, in 2015.

FIBA Saporta Cup
The FIBA Saporta Cup, founded as FIBA European Cup Winners Cup, was the name of the second-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, where the domestic National Cup winners, from all over Europe, played against each other. The competition was organized by FIBA Europe. It was named after the late Raimundo Saporta, a former Real Madrid director.
Garden State (film)
Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy drama film, written and directed by Zach Braff, and starring him, Natalie Portman, Peter Sarsgaard and Ian Holm. The film centers on Andrew Largeman (Braff), a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies. Braff based the film on his real life experiences. It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28, 2004. New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location.

Garden State received positive reviews and  was a box office success. It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival. The film's soundtrack, selected by Braff, won a Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.

Velcro
Hook-and-loop fasteners, commonly known as Velcro (a trademarked term that the manufacturer renders in all-capital letters as VELCRO), hook-and-pile fasteners or touch fasteners are versatile fastening devices that allow two surfaces to be repeatedly attached and detached with ease. Invented in the mid-20th century, they are widely used in clothing, accessories, and various industrial and consumer applications. The fastener consists of two complementary components: one with tiny hooks and the other with soft loops. When pressed together, the hooks catch the loops, creating a secure but temporary bond. The fasteners can be separated by peeling or pulling the surfaces apart, often producing a distinctive ripping sound.
Panthers of Pittsburgh
A panther (cougar/Puma concolor) is the animal that serves as the official mascot of the University of Pittsburgh and used as a nickname for both athletic teams as well as other organizations and affiliates of the university. The mascot is generally referred to as the Pittsburgh Panther or Pitt Panther, while the costumed panther mascot is also named "Roc". Up to 20 physical representations of panthers can be found in and around the university's campus and athletic facilities.

Petersen Events Center
The Petersen Events Center (more commonly known as "The Pete") is a 12,508-seat multi-purpose arena on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in the Oakland neighborhood. The arena is named for philanthropists John Petersen and his wife Gertrude, who donated $10 million for its construction. John Petersen, a Pitt alumnus, is a native of nearby Erie and is the retired president and CEO of Erie Insurance Group. The Petersen Events Center was winner of the 2003 Innovative Architecture & Design Honor Award from Recreation Management magazine.
Bala (2002 film)
Bala is a 2002 Indian Tamil-language gangster action film written and directed by Deepak, starring Shaam as the titular character in the lead role, while Meera Jasmine, Raghuvaran, Rajan P. Dev, Thilakan, Nagesh, and Karunas play supporting roles. The music was composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja with cinematography by Priyan and editing by V. T. Vijayan. The film was released on 13 December 2002.

Thilakan
Palappurathu Keshavan Surendranatha Thilakan (15 July 1935 – 24 September 2012), known mononymously as Thilakan, was an Indian film and stage actor who appeared in over 200 Malayalam films. Spanning more than five decades, Thilakan’s acting career was marked by critical acclaim for his versatility and powerful screen presence. He won several major honours including the Padma Shri (2009) from the Government of India, multiple National Film Awards and numerous Kerala State Film Awards, becoming the most frequent winner of the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor.

Thilakan was known for his elaborate method acting and realistic, spontaneous performances and is widely regarded as one of the greatest actors in Indian cinema, whose style influenced generations of Malayalam actors and audience.
2010–11 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's 1500 metres
The 1500 metres distance for women in the 2010–11 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was contested over six races on six occasions, out of a total of eight World Cup occasions for the season, with the first occasion taking place in Heerenveen, Netherlands, on 12–14 November 2010, and the final occasion also taking place in Heerenveen on 4–6 March 2011.

The previous season's runner-up, Christine Nesbitt of Canada, won the cup, while Marrit Leenstra of the Netherlands came second, and Ireen Wüst, also of the Netherlands, came third. The defending champion, Kristina Groves of Canada, ended up in 22nd place.

Christine Nesbitt
Christine Nesbitt (born 17 May 1985) is a Canadian retired long track speed skater who currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia. She won the gold medal in the 1000 metres event at the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics. She had previously won a silver medal in the team pursuit at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. She is also the 2011 sprint champion, 2012 1500 metres world champion, three-time world champion for 1000 metres (2009, 2011, 2012), and three-time world champion for team pursuit (2007, 2009, 2011). On 4 June 2015 she announced her retirement.

Nesbitt previously held the world record for 1000 metres, with a time of 1:12:68 recorded in Calgary on 28 January 2012. The time is still the current Canadian record.
Isitha Wijesundara
Isitha Wijesundara (born 11 May 1997) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his List A debut on 15 December 2019, for Saracens Sports Club in the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament. He made his Twenty20 debut on 5 March 2021, for Kandy Customs Cricket Club in the 2020–21 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.

2020–21 SLC Twenty20 Tournament
The 2020–21 SLC Twenty20 Tournament was a Twenty20 cricket tournament that was held in Sri Lanka. It took place from 4 to 20 March 2021. Colombo Cricket Club were the defending champions. A total of 26 teams took part in the tournament, split into four groups, with 79 matches being played.

Sinhalese Sports Club and Sri Lanka Army Sports Club reached the final of the tournament, with Sinhalese Sports Club winning the match by 29 runs.
Beta-defensin 2
Beta-defensin 2 (BD-2) also known as skin-antimicrobial peptide 1 (SAP1) is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the DEFB4 (defensin, beta 4) gene.

Human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is a cysteine-rich cationic low molecular weight antimicrobial peptide discovered in lesional skin.

Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for antimicrobial peptides. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antimicrobials which demonstrate potential as novel therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides have been demonstrated to kill Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and even transformed or cancerous cells. Unlike the majority of conventional antibiotics it appears that antimicrobial peptides frequently destabilize biological membranes, can form transmembrane channels, and may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators.
Kedu Residency
Kedu Residency (also known as Kedoe and Kedoo) was a colonial administrative unit in Central Java in Java, Indonesia.

It contained the areas which are now the Kebumen, Wonosobo, Temanggung, Purworejo and Magelang regencies (including Magelang city). All of the areas under the residency were under the Surakarta Sunanate, until the Indonesian government abolished its recognition of the monarchy. It was adjacent to the Banyumas (to the west), and Semarang (to the north) residencies.

Purworejo Regency
Purworejo is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten; Javanese: ꦥꦸꦂꦮꦉꦗ, romanized: Purwareja) in the southern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,081.45 km2 and had a population of 695,427 at the 2010 Census and 769,880 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 795,033 (comprising 398,135 males and 396,898 females). Its capital is the town of Purworejo.
Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel
The Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) is a scientific advisory panel tasked with recommending plans for U.S. investment in particle physics research over the next ten years, on the basis of various funding scenarios. The P5 is a temporary subcommittee of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP), which serves the Department of Energy's Office of Science and the National Science Foundation. In 2014, the panel was chaired by Steven Ritz of the University of California, Santa Cruz. In 2023, the panel was chaired by Hitoshi Murayama of the University of California, Berkeley.

Mu2e
Mu2e, or the Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment, is a particle physics experiment at Fermilab in the US. The goal of the experiment is to identify physics beyond the Standard Model, namely, the conversion of muons to electrons without the emission of neutrinos, which occurs in a number of theoretical models. Former project co-spokesperson Jim Miller likens this process to neutrino oscillation, but for charged leptons. The rate for this process in the Standard Model of particle physics is unobservably small, so any observation of this process would constitute a major discovery and indicate new physics beyond the standard model. The experiment will be 10,000 times more sensitive than previous muon to electron conversion experiments, and probe effective energy scales up to 10,000 TeV.
Hanover Square Historic District (Horseheads, New York)
The Hanover Square Historic District is a downtown business district in Horseheads, New York. Most of the buildings in the district were built between 1862 and 1882 in the Romanesque Revival style. The homogeneity of the district is owed to the fact that a fire levelled the town in 1862, allowing for redevelopment in this manner.  The brick buildings, with their decorative corbelling, are remarkably intact.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Horseheads (village), New York
Horseheads is a village in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 6,606 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from the number of bleached skulls of pack horses left behind by the Sullivan Expedition.

The village of Horseheads is located within the town of Horseheads. It is north of the city of Elmira and is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.
HMS Triumph (S93)
HMS Triumph was a Trafalgar-class nuclear submarine of the Royal Navy and was the seventh and final boat of her class. She was the nineteenth nuclear-powered hunter-killer submarine built for the Royal Navy. Triumph was the tenth vessel, and the second submarine, to bear the name.  The first HMS Triumph was a 68-gun galleon built in 1561.

Triumph was laid down in 1987 by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering. The boat was launched in February 1991 by Mrs. Ann Hamilton, wife of the then Armed Forces Minister Archie Hamilton. She was commissioned in October that same year.

After returning to her base at Devonport for the final time in late 2024, Triumph was decommissioned in July 2025, being the last boat of her class in service.

Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering
Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Limited (VSEL) was a shipbuilding company based at Barrow-in-Furness, England that built warships, civilian ships, submarines and armaments. The company was historically the Naval Construction Works of Vickers Armstrongs and has a heritage of building large naval warships and armaments. Through a complicated history the company's shipbuilding division is now BAE Systems Submarine Solutions and the armaments division is now part of BAE Systems Land & Armaments.
Ivar Jacobsen Norevik
Ivar Jacobsen Norevik (26 March 1900 – 18 March 1956) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was born in Lavik og Brekke Municipality. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordre Bergenhus in 1945, and was re-elected on two occasions. Midway through the third term, he died and was replaced by Edvard Anderson Solheim.

Norevik was deputy member of the municipal council for Kyrkjebø Municipality in the period 1937–1940.

Kyrkjebø Municipality
Kyrkjebø is a former municipality in the old Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. The 667-square-kilometre (258 sq mi) municipality existed from 1858 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Høyanger Municipality in the traditional district of Sogn in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Kyrkjebø. Other villages in the municipality included Vadheim, Ortnevik, Høyanger, and Bjordal.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 667-square-kilometre (258 sq mi) municipality was the 146th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Kyrkjebø Municipality was the 190th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 4,653. The municipality's population density was 7 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population had increased by 0.1% over the previous 10-year period.
One of Them Days
One of Them Days is a 2025 American buddy comedy film directed by Lawrence Lamont and written by Syreeta Singleton, both in their feature film debuts. The film stars Keke Palmer and SZA (in her film debut) as two friends who must scramble to find rent money after one of their boyfriends blows through it. It was filmed in July 2024 and released in the United States and Canada by Sony Pictures Releasing on January 17, 2025. One of Them Days was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $51 million on a budget of $14 million. A sequel is in early development.

Lawrence Lamont
Lawrence Lamont (born 1989/1990) is an American filmmaker.  He directed the feature film One of Them Days (2025) and has also directed music videos for Big Sean, one of which garnered him a nomination for the MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip-Hop Video.  He also co-wrote the 2011 feature film CornerStore.

He was born in Detroit.  He attended Southfield High School and as of 2025, he resides in Los Angeles.
Mars Crossing
Mars Crossing is a science-fiction novel by Geoffrey A. Landis about an expedition to Mars, published by Tor Books in 2000.  The novel was a nominee for the Nebula award, and won the Locus Award for best first novel in 2001.

The characters in the novel are members of the third expedition to Mars, following the failures of earlier Brazilian and American expeditions.  The mission plan is based on the Mars Direct concept, where fuel is manufactured from the Martian atmosphere; the Brazilian Mars expedition selected a polar landing.

The book was released by Tor Books, a division of Macmillan USA, as a hardcover in December 2000, with the Science Fiction Book Club edition published in 2001.  A paperback edition appeared in November 2001, and a second edition paperback in December 2016.

Geoffrey A. Landis
Geoffrey Alan Landis (/ˈlændɪs/; born May 28, 1955) is an American aerospace engineer and author, working for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on planetary exploration, interstellar propulsion, solar power and photovoltaics. He holds nine patents, primarily in the field of improvements to solar cells and photovoltaic devices and has given presentations and commentary on the possibilities for interstellar travel and construction of bases on the Moon, Mars, and Venus.

Supported by his scientific background Landis also writes hard science fiction.
For these writings he has won a Nebula Award, two Hugo Awards, and a Locus Award, as well as three Rhysling Awards for his poetry. He contributes science articles to various academic publications.
1995 Cape Verdean parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Cape Verde on 17 December 1995. The number of seats was reduced from 79 to 72. The result was a victory for the ruling Movement for Democracy, which won 50 of the 72 seats. Voter turnout was 76.52%.

Movement for Democracy (Cape Verde)
The Movement for Democracy (Portuguese: Movimento para a Democracia, MpD) is a Christian democratic and liberal party in Cape Verde. Established in 1990, it was the ruling party from 1991 to 2001 and returned to power in the 2016 parliamentary election. Its members are nicknamed "os ventoinhas" (the wind fans) in Portuguese, a reference to the party's logo.
9,10-Diphenylanthracene
9,10-Diphenylanthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It has the appearance of a slightly yellow powder. 9,10-Diphenylanthracene is used as a sensitiser in chemiluminescence. In glow sticks it is used to produce blue light.  It is a molecular organic semiconductor, used in blue OLEDs and OLED-based displays.

Glow stick
The plastic casing covers the inner fluid.

The glass capsule covers the solution.

Diphenyl oxalate and fluorescent dye solution

Hydrogen peroxide solution

After the glass capsule is broken and the solutions mix, the glow stick glows.

A glow stick, also known as a light stick, chem light, light wand, light rod, and rave light, is a self-contained, short-term light source. It consists of a translucent plastic tube containing isolated substances that, when combined, produce light through chemiluminescence. The light cannot be turned off and can be used only once. The used tube is then thrown away. Glow sticks are often used for recreation, such as for events, camping, outdoor exploration, and concerts. Glow sticks are also used for light in power outage, military and emergency services applications. Industrial uses include marine, transportation, and mining.
Pogledaj dom svoj, anđele
"Pogledaj dom svoj, anđele" (title of  Thomas Wolfe's novel Look Homeward Angel in Serbian) is a song by the Serbian rock band Riblja Čorba. It was composed by vocalist Bora Đorđević for the band's sixth studio album, Istina. It was voted hit of the year in 1985 by the listeners of Radio Beograd 202 and "song of the decade" in 1990. In 2009, the song was voted the Greatest Domestic Song by the readers of Standard magazine. The song is known for its apocalyptic lyrics, which make it unique among Riblja Čorba songs, which often feature humorous and ironic lyrics, and is considered one of the top rock songs of the former Yugoslav rock scene and one of Riblja Čorba signature songs.

Look Homeward, Angel
Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe. It is Wolfe's first novel, and is considered a highly autobiographical American coming-of-age story. The character of Eugene Gant is generally believed to be a depiction of Wolfe himself. The novel briefly recounts Eugene's father's early life, but primarily covers the span of time from Eugene's birth in 1900 to his definitive departure from home at the age of 19. The setting is a fictionalization of his home town of Asheville, North Carolina, called Altamont in the novel.

A restored version of the original manuscript of Look Homeward, Angel, titled O Lost, was published in 2000.