hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parliamentary constituencies in Hertfordshire
The county of Hertfordshire in England is divided into twelve parliamentary constituencies. Each of the twelve elects a Member of Parliament (MP) to represent it at the United Kingdom (UK) Parliament in Westminster. As of the 2024 general election, seven of Hertfordshire's MPs are from the Labour Party, three are Conservatives, and two are Liberal Democrats. The county currently has one urban borough constituency (BC) – Watford - while the other eleven are classed as more rural county constituencies (CC).

Hitchin (UK Parliament constituency)
Hitchin is a parliamentary constituency in Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until it was abolished for the 1983 general election.

Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was re-established for the 2024 general election, since when it has been held by Alistair Strathern of the Labour Party.
Jimmy Cheatham
James Rudolph Cheatham (June 18, 1924 – January 12, 2007) was an American jazz trombonist and teacher, who played with Chico Hamilton, Ornette Coleman, Thad Jones, Mel Lewis, Lionel Hampton, Frank Foster, and Duke Ellington.

In 1978, Cheatham was invited to lead the jazz program at University of California, San Diego. In 1979 he began to direct the school's African American and jazz performance programs. He retired in 2005.

Jeannie Cheatham
Jean E. Evans (born August 14, 1927) is an American blues and jazz singer, pianist, and composer. She is noted most for her musical collaboration with husband Jimmy Cheatham, with whom she formed the Sweet Baby Blues Band in 1984. Her autobiography, Meet Me With Your Black Drawers On: My Life In Music, was published in 2006.
Hector Pieterson Museum
The Hector Pieterson Museum is a museum located in Orlando West, Soweto, South Africa. Located two blocks away from where student protester Hector Pieterson was shot and killed on 16 June 1976, the museum is named in his honour and covers the events of the anti-Apartheid Soweto Uprising and Massacre, where more than 170 protesting school children were killed.

The museum features films, newspapers, personal accounts and photographs, the most famous being the iconic photo by Sam Nzima.

The Hector Pieterson Museum became one of the first museums in Soweto when it opened on 16 June 2002. A companion museum nearby is Mandela House, the former home of Nelson Mandela and his family, which has been run as a museum since 1997. The total cost of the Hector Pieterson Museum project was Rand 23.2 million, which was covered by a 16 million rand donation by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism and a 7.2 million rand donation from the Johannesburg City Council.

Soweto
Soweto (/səˈwɛtoʊ, -ˈweɪt-, -ˈwiːt-/) is a township of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa, bordering the city's mining belt in the south. Its name is an English syllabic abbreviation for South Western Townships. Formerly a separate municipality, it is now incorporated in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality since 2002 and is one of the suburbs of Johannesburg.
Sirma Glacier
Sirma Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Сирма, romanized: lednik Sirma, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈsirmɐ]) is the 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) wide glacier on the west side of Owen Ridge in southern Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, situated south of Bolgrad Glacier, and flowing west-southwestwards from Mount Southwick, Mount Milton and Mount Inderbitzen to leave the range and join Nimitz Glacier northwest of Modren Peak.

The glacier is named after the Bulgarian woman rebel leader Sirma Voyvoda (1773-1858).

Nimitz Glacier
The Nimitz Glacier is an Antarctic glacier, 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long and 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) wide, draining the area about 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) west of the Vinson Massif and flowing southeast between the Sentinel Range and Bastien Range to enter Minnesota Glacier, in the central Ellsworth Mountains.

Discovered by USN Squadron VX-6 on photographic flights of 14–15 December 1959, and mapped by United States Geological Survey from these photos. Named by US-ACAN for Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, USN, who as Chief of Naval Operations at the time of Operation Highjump, 1946–1947, made possible that unprecedentedly large Antarctic expedition.
Mosor
Mosor (Latin: Massarus), or Mount Mosor (Massarus Mons; Italian: Monte Massaro), is a mountain range in Croatia located near the city of Split on the Adriatic coast. It belongs to Dinaric Alps, and stretches from the pass of Klis in the northwest to the Cetina River in the southeast.

The highest point is the eponymous Mosor peak at 1,339 m.a.s.l. There are no inhabited areas on the mountain above 600 metres. Mosor is mainly composed of karst — limestone rocks.

It attracts mountaineers from Croatia. There are two alpine huts and many mountaineering paths on Mosor.

Cetina
The Cetina (pronounced [ˈʦětina]) is a river in southern Croatia. It has a length of 101 km (63 mi) and its basin covers an area of 1,463 km2 (565 sq mi). From its source, Cetina descends from an elevation of 385 metres (1,263 ft) above sea level to the Adriatic Sea. It is the most water-rich river in Dalmatia.
Church of Saint Elijah, Bajina Bašta
The Church of Saint Elijah (Serbian: Црква светог Илије) is a Serbian Orthodox church located in Bajina Bašta, Serbia. Dedicated to Saint Elijah, it was constructed in 1893. The church cemetery is the burial place of Evelina Haverfield, British suffragette and aid worker who in 1915, during World War I in Serbia, volunteered as a member of the Scottish Women's Hospitals.

Bajina Bašta
Bajina Bašta (Serbian Cyrillic: Бајина Башта, pronounced [bâjina bǎːʃta]) is a town and municipality located in the Zlatibor District of western Serbia. The town lies in the valley of the Drina river at the eastern edge of Tara National Park.

According to the 2022 census, the town's population is 8,971 inhabitants, while the municipality has 23,533 inhabitants.
Virginia Ratifying Convention
The Virginia Ratifying Convention (also historically referred to as the "Virginia Federal Convention") was a convention of 168 delegates from Virginia who met in 1788 to ratify or reject the United States Constitution, which had been drafted at the Philadelphia Convention the previous year. The Convention met and deliberated from June 2 through June 27 in Richmond at the Richmond Theatre, presently the site of Monumental Church. Judge Edmund Pendleton, Virginia delegate to the Constitutional Convention, served as the convention's president by unanimous consent.

Edmund Randolph
Edmund Jennings Randolph (August 10, 1753 –  September 12, 1813) was an American Founding Father, attorney, and the seventh Governor of Virginia. As a delegate from Virginia, he attended the Constitutional Convention and helped to create the national constitution while serving on its Committee of Detail. He was appointed the first United States Attorney General by George Washington and subsequently served as the second Secretary of State during the Washington administration.
Tiengemeten
Tiengemeten is an island in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hoeksche Waard and lies about 11 km (7 mi) south of Spijkenisse. Before 1984 the island was administratively split between Goudswaard and Zuid-Beijerland, and until 2019 it was part of the municipality of Korendijk.

The name Tiengemeten refers to an ancient area measurement; one gemet is comparable with one acre so the name means ten-acre island. Ten gemets would be about 100 by 400 metres (330 by 1,310 feet), while the island is actually about 7 km (4 mi) long and 2 km (1 mi) across at its widest.

The statistical area "Tiengemeten" had a population of around 10 until 2007. On 10 May 2007, the island was officially allowed to revert to its natural state after its inhabitants were relocated.

The Rien Poortvliet museum is located on the island.

Hoeksche Waard (municipality)
Hoeksche Waard (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦuksə ˈʋaːrt]) is a municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, consisting of the eponymous Hoeksche Waard and Tiengemeten islands.

The municipality was formed on 1 January 2019 by the merger of the municipalities Binnenmaas, Cromstrijen, Korendijk, Oud-Beijerland, and Strijen.
Hobart, Wisconsin
Hobart is a village in Brown County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 10,211 at the 2020 census. Hobart is a part of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village is located entirely within the treaty boundaries of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin.

Green Bay metropolitan area
The Green Bay metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is a metropolitan area in northeastern Wisconsin anchored by the City of Green Bay. It is Wisconsin's fourth largest metropolitan statistical area by population. As of the 2020 Census, the MSA had a combined population of 328,268.
S-Bank
S-Bank Plc (Finnish: S-Pankki Oyj, Swedish: S-Banken Abp) is a Finnish retail bank and wealth manager. It is owned by SOK Corporation and the regional co-operatives in the S-Group (Finnish: S-ryhmä), a Finnish retailing cooperative organisation.

S-Bank is the first so-called "supermarket bank" in Finland with 776 employees (2022).

At the end of 2022, the bank had around 3.2 million customers.

S-Bank has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.

Pekka Ylihurula served as CEO from 2006 to 2022. In April 2023, Riikka Laine‑Tolonen became CEO.

S Group
The S Group (Finnish: S-ryhmä, Swedish: S-gruppen) is a Finnish retailing cooperative organisation with its head office in Helsinki. Founded in 1904, it consists of 19 regional cooperatives operating all around Finland in addition to SOK, Suomen Osuuskauppojen Keskuskunta (The Central Finnish Cooperative Society). S Group operates in the markets for groceries, consumer durables, service station, hotel and restaurant services.  It is engaged in close competition with Kesko, with which it shares an oligopolistic position in many of the markets it operates in.

The group has businesses in Finland and Estonia. The S Group also had businesses in Latvia and Lithuania, but announced withdrawal from these markets in May 2017. It also withdrew from the Russian market in 2022.

The organisation's member (loyalty) card is called S-Etukortti.
Hyperammonemia
Hyperammonemia, or high ammonia levels, is a metabolic disturbance characterised by an excess of ammonia in the blood. Severe hyperammonemia is a dangerous condition that may lead to brain injury and death. It may be primary or secondary.

Ammonia is a substance that contains nitrogen. It is a product of the catabolism of protein. It is converted to the less toxic substance urea prior to excretion in urine by the kidneys. The metabolic pathways that synthesize urea involve reactions that start in the mitochondria and then move into the cytosol. The process is known as the urea cycle, which comprises several enzymes acting in sequence. It is greatly exacerbated by common zinc deficiency, which raises ammonia levels further.

Methylmalonic acidemias
Methylmalonic acidemias, also called methylmalonic acidurias, are a group of inherited metabolic disorders, that prevent the body from properly breaking down proteins and fats. This leads to a buildup of a toxic level of methylmalonic acid in body liquids and tissues. Due to the disturbed branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism, they are among the classical organic acidemias.

Methylmalonic acidemias have varying diagnoses, treatment requirements, and prognoses, which are determined by the specific genetic mutation causing the inherited form of the disorder.

The first symptoms may begin as early as the first day of life or as late as adulthood. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening. Some forms can result in death if undiagnosed or left untreated.

Methylmalonic acidemias are found with an equal frequency across ethnic boundaries.
Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23) (RIP or RIPA) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, regulating the powers of public bodies to carry out surveillance and investigation, and covering the interception of communications. It was introduced by the Tony Blair Labour government ostensibly  to take account of technological change such as the growth of the Internet and strong encryption.

The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Bill was introduced in the House of Commons on 9 February 2000 and completed its parliamentary passage on 26 July.

Following a public consultation and Parliamentary debate, Parliament approved new additions in December 2003, April 2005, July 2006 and February 2010. A draft bill was put before Parliament during 4 November 2015.

Investigatory Powers Tribunal
The Investigatory Powers Tribunal (IPT) is a first-instance tribunal and superior court of record in the United Kingdom. It is primarily an inquisitorial court.

It hears complaints about surveillance by public bodies, primarily the intelligence services. It does not hear complaints about surveillance by private bodies.

It is a part of the Home Office but operates independently. It is also separate from the administration of the rest of the UK tribunals system.
Hannibal, New York
Hannibal is a town in Oswego County, New York, United States.  The population was 4,854 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from the hero of ancient Carthage, Hannibal.

The Town of Hannibal also contains a village also called Hannibal.  The town is located on the western border of the county.

Oswego County, New York
Oswego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 117,525. The county seat is Oswego. The county name is from a Mohawk-language word meaning 'the pouring out place', referring to the point at which the Oswego River feeds into Lake Ontario at the northern edge of the county in the city of Oswego. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Oswego County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area.
Siege of Breslau
The siege of Breslau, also known as the battle of Breslau, was a three-month-long siege of the city of Breslau in Lower Silesia, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), lasting to the end of World War II in Europe. From 13 February 1945 to 6 May 1945, German troops in Breslau were besieged by the Soviet forces which encircled the city as part of the Lower Silesian Offensive Operation. The German garrison's surrender on 6 May was followed by the surrender of all German forces two days after the battle.

SS Fortress Regiment 1
SS Fortress Regiment 1  (German: SS-Festungs-Regiment 1) was an improvised unit of the Waffen SS formed in February 1945, during World War II, for service in the defence of the German city of Breslau, during the Red Army's Siege of Breslau. The regiment engaged in savage house to house fighting against the invading Red Army that lasted 82 days but surrendered at the end of the siege on 6 May 1945.
Battle of Kirtipur
The Battle of Kirtipur (Nepal bhasa : कीर्तिपुरयाउ युद्ध) occurred in 1767 during the Gorkha conquest of Nepal, and was fought at Kirtipur, one of the principal towns in the Kathmandu Valley. Kirtipur was then a walled town of 800 houses and part of the kingdom of Lalitpur. It is spread along the top of a ridge.

The battle between the Newars of the valley and the invading Gorkhalis marked a turning point in the war of expansion launched by Gorkhali king Prithvi Narayan Shah. It led to his subjugation of the rest of the coveted valley and the end of Newar rule.

Kirtipur
Kirtipur (Nepali: कीर्तिपुर; Nepal Bhasa: किपू Kipoo) is a Municipality and an ancient city of Nepal. The Newars are the natives of Kipoo (Kirtipur). It is located in the Kathmandu Valley 5 km south-west of the city of Kathmandu. It is one of the five dense municipalities in the valley, the others being Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi. It is one of the most famous and religious places to visit. Many people visit this place not only for its natural environment but also to visit temples. The city was listed as a UNESCO tentative site in 2008.
Rancho Mirage, California
Rancho Mirage is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The city is a low-density desert community with resorts, golf courses, and country clubs within the Colorado Desert section of the Sonoran Desert. Nestled along the foothills of the Santa Rosa Mountains in the south, it is located several minutes east of Palm Springs. The city is adjacent to Cathedral City, Palm Desert, and unincorporated Thousand Palms. The population was 16,999 at the 2020 census, down from 17,218 at the 2010 census, though the seasonal population can exceed 20,000. Incorporated in 1973, Rancho Mirage is one of the nine cities of the Coachella Valley.

The city has been nicknamed "Playground of the Presidents" and "Golf Capital of the World". The city has hosted and currently hosts a variety of golf and tennis tournaments, including the Ryder Cup, Desert Classic (PGA Tour), Davis Cup, and the LPGA Tour (Chevron Championship).

California State Route 111
State Route 111 (SR 111) is a state highway in the southeastern part of U.S. state of California. It is a north-south route serving the Imperial Valley, the eastern shore of the Salton Sea, and the Coachella Valley. Its southern terminus is at Imperial Avenue and 1st Street in Calexico, at the former entrance to the Calexico West Port of Entry (the state has not yet officially rerouted the highway to the current entrance to the Mexican border at 2nd Street and Cesar Chavez Boulevard since its opening in 2018). SR 111's northern terminus is at Interstate 10 at the northwestern corner of the Palm Springs city limits, near the unincorporated community of Whitewater. Though some maps and signs mark SR 111 as continuous between SR 86 near Heber and the Cathedral City–Palm Springs line, control of the segment was relinquished to local jurisdictions and is thus no longer officially part of the state highway system.
Mahendra Highway
Mahendra Highway or NH01 (previously: H01) (Nepali: महेन्द्र राजमार्ग), also called East-West Highway (Nepali: पूर्व पश्चिम राजमार्ग), runs across the Terai geographical region of Nepal, from Mechinagar in the east to Bhim Datta in the west, cutting across the entire width of the country. It is the longest highway in Nepal and was constructed in cooperation with various countries. The highway is named after King Mahendra Shah.

Bharatpur, Nepal
Bharatpur (/ˈbʌrətpʊr/, Nepali: भरतपुर, pronounced [ˈbʱʌɾʌt̪pur] ⓘ) is a metropolitan city in south central Nepal. It is the third most populous city of Nepal after Kathmandu and Pokhara with  369,377 inhabitants in 2021. It is also the second largest metropolitan city in Nepal by area. It is the district headquarter of the Chitwan District.

Bharatpur is one of the fastest-growing cities in Nepal. It lies on the eastern bank of the Narayani River and serves as a commercial center of the Chitwan district and the central region of Nepal. Most of the shopping area lies in the area of Narayangadh, while government offices, hospitals and colleges are situated in other parts of the city, including Nepal's premier cancer hospital, B.P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital.

In March 2017, Bharatpur was declared a metropolitan city after Narayani Municipality, Chitrawan Municipality and Kabilas Village were merged into it.
Chris Thile
Christopher Scott Thile (/ˈθiːli/; born February 20, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, composer, and radio personality, best known for his work in the progressive acoustic trio Nickel Creek and the acoustic folk and progressive bluegrass quintet Punch Brothers. He is a 2012 MacArthur Fellow. From 2016 to its cancellation in 2020, he hosted the radio variety show Live from Here.

All Ashore (album)
All Ashore is the fifth studio album by the American group Punch Brothers, released on July 20, 2018. The band announced the release of the album's first singles "It's All Part of the Plan" and the instrumental "Three Dots and a Dash" on June 14, 2018. The album was self-produced by the band and was released on the Nonesuch Records label. The nine songs were written and recorded in the sequence of the tracklist at the United Sound studio in Los Angeles, California.  The album received generally favorable reviews from critics.

Support from Grammy voting members led to a Grammy Award nomination, and All Ashore won the Grammy Award for Best Folk Album at the 61st Grammy Awards on February 10, 2019.
Our Lady of Europe
Our Lady of Europe (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de Europa or Virgen de Europa) is a title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary as patroness of Gibraltar and protectress of Europe. The entire European continent was consecrated under the protection of Our Lady of Europe in the early 14th century from the Shrine in Gibraltar where devotion continues to this day, over 700 years on.

Together with Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Our Lady is a Catholic patron saint of Gibraltar, and as such protector of the whole of Europe.

Charles Caruana
Charles Caruana CBE (9 October 1932, Gibraltar – 1 October 2010, Gibraltar) was a Gibraltarian Roman Catholic bishop of Maltese descent. He was appointed sixth Roman Catholic Bishop of Gibraltar on 14 February 1998 and ordained on 24 May 1998. His retirement request was accepted on 18 March 2010. He died at St Bernard's Hospital, Gibraltar on 1 October 2010 following a bout of ill health.
Montmartre Synagogue
The Montmartre Synagogue (French: Synagogue de la rue Sainte-Isaure) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on the Rue Sainte-Isaure, in the XV111e arrondissement of Paris, France.

Since 1904 a small Jewish temple has been functioning at this location. In 1907, baron Edmond de Rothschild contributed to its expansion.

During the Second World War, in 1941 the synagogue was damaged by far-right French collaborators.

From 1975 to 2006, Chief Rabbi Meyer Zini served at the synagogue and led the Montmartre community for over thirty years. When he arrived, this Ashkenazi synagogue was sparsely attended, if not nearly abandoned. He revitalized community life, attracted a large congregation, and established a Talmud Torah. His spiritual leadership, characterized by strong Zionist commitment and a central emphasis on the Land of Israel, deeply influenced the community’s youth, many of whom eventually chose to emigrate to Israel.

18th arrondissement of Paris
The 18th arrondissement of Paris (XVIIIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements, or administrative districts, of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as dix-huitième.

The arrondissement, known as Butte-Montmartre, is located on the right bank of the River Seine. It is mostly known for hosting the large hill of Montmartre, which is known for its artistic history, the Bateau-Lavoir where Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Amedeo Modigliani lived and worked in the early 20th century, the house of music diva Dalida, the Moulin Rouge cabaret, other historic features, and the prominent Sacré Cœur basilica which sits atop the hill.

The 18th arrondissement also contains Goutte d'Or district, which has large numbers of residents of North and sub-Saharan African origins, and which is famous for its market, the marché Barbès, which sells products from Africa.