hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Two Women
Two Women (Italian: La ciociara [la tʃoˈtʃaːra], rough literal translation "The Woman from Ciociaria") is a 1960 war drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica from a screenplay he co-wrote with Cesare Zavattini, based on the 1957 novel of the same name by Alberto Moravia. The film stars Sophia Loren, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Eleonora Brown and Raf Vallone. It tells the story of a woman trying to protect her young daughter from the horrors of war. The story is fictional but based on actual events of 1944 in Rome and rural Lazio, during the Marocchinate.

Loren's performance received critical acclaim, earning her the 1961 Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the first Italian actress to win for Best Actress in an Italian-language film as well as the first individual to win for a foreign-language performance.

Marocchinate
Marocchinate (Italian for 'Moroccans' deeds'; pronounced [marokkiˈnaːte]) is a term applied to the mass rape and killings committed during World War II after the Battle of Monte Cassino in Italy. These were committed mainly by the Moroccan Goumiers, colonial troops of the French Expeditionary Corps (FEC), commanded by General Alphonse Juin, and mostly targeted civilian women and girls (as well as a few men and boys) in the rural areas of Southern Lazio, between Naples and Rome. Mass rapes continued across all the campaign including several locations in Tuscany: Siena, Abbadia S. Salvatore, Radicofani, Murlo, Strove, Poggibonsi, Elsa, S. Quirico d'Orcia, Colle Val d'Elsa.
File-system permissions
Typically, a file system maintains permission settings for each stored item – commonly files and directories – that either grant or deny the ability to manipulate file system items. Often the settings allow controlling access based on function such as read, change, navigate, and execute and to different users and groups of users.

One well-established technology was developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX. Another common technology is an access-control list (ACL) with multiple variants implemented in file systems and one codified by POSIX. Since POSIX defines both the older Unix-based technology as well as ACLs, the former is called traditional POSIX permissions for clarity even though it is not a well-known term.

A permission-driven user interface tailors the functionality available to the user based on file system item permissions. For example, the interface might hide menu options that are not allowed based on the permissions stored for an item.

Setuid
In Unix-like systems, the access rights flags setuid and setgid (short for set user identity and set group identity) allow users to run an executable with the file system permissions of the executable's owner or group respectively and to change behaviour in directories. They are often used to allow users on a computer system to run programs with temporarily elevated privileges to perform a specific task. While the assumed user id or group id privileges provided are not always elevated, at a minimum they are specific.

The flags setuid and setgid are needed for tasks that require different privileges than what the user is normally granted, such as the ability to alter system files or databases to change their login password. Some of the tasks that require additional privileges may not immediately be obvious, though, such as the ping command, which must send and listen for control packets on a network interface.
George Jackson Churchward
George Jackson Churchward CBE (31 January 1857 – 19 December 1933) was an English railway engineer, and was chief mechanical engineer of the Great Western Railway (GWR) in the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1922.

GWR 4700 Class
The Great Western Railway (GWR) 4700 Class was a class of nine 2-8-0 steam locomotives, designed by George Jackson Churchward. They were introduced in 1919 for heavy mixed-traffic work. Although primarily designed for fast freight, the class also sometimes hauled passenger trains, notably heavy holiday expresses in the summer months. They were unofficially nicknamed "Night Owls" because they were primarily designed to haul goods during the night and they could be seen simmering in the daylight, awaiting their nocturnal duties.
U2 (Vienna U-Bahn)
Line U2 is a line on the Vienna U-Bahn metro system. Opened in 1980, it currently has 21 stations and a total length of 17.2 km (10.7 mi), from Karlsplatz to Seestadt.
It is connected to U1, U3, and U4.

U4 (Vienna U-Bahn)
Line U4 is a line on the Vienna U-Bahn metro system.
Opened in 1976, it currently has 20 stations and  a total length of 16.5 km (10.3 mi), from Hütteldorf to Heiligenstadt.
It is connected to U1 at Karlsplatz and Schwedenplatz, U2 at Karlsplatz and Schottenring, U3 at Landstraße, U6 at Längenfeldgasse and Spittelau.
Hitomi Nabatame
Hitomi Nabatame (生天目 仁美, Nabatame Hitomi; born August 4, 1976) is a Japanese actress and singer who is affiliated with Ken Production. She sang the opening themes for Nogizaka Haruka no Himitsu under the name "Miran Himemiya and Chocolate Rockers".

Natsu no Arashi!
Natsu no Arashi! (Japanese: 夏のあらし!; lit. "Summer Storm!") is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Jin Kobayashi. The manga was serialized in Square Enix's Gangan Wing shōnen manga magazine from August 2006 to September 2010, with its chapters collected in eight bound volumes. Natsu no Arashi! was also adapted into two anime television series by Shaft under the direction of Akiyuki Shinbo, Shin Oonuma, and Kenichi Ishikura and broadcast in Japan from April 5, 2009, to December 27, 2009. Maiden Japan licensed the series for US release on November 12, 2019, on Blu-ray.
Trondenes Fort
Trondenes Fort is a fort situated on the Trondenes peninsula in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north of the town of Harstad. The fort has been the main base for the Norwegian Coastal Ranger Command since 2002. The fort was built in 1943 by the Nazis occupying Norway during World War II as a part of the Atlantic Wall.

Trondenes
Trondenes is a neighborhood and parish in the town of Harstad in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The area is located on the northern end of the town, on a peninsula in the Vågsfjorden. The village is notable for the Trondenes Fort at the northern tip of the peninsula as well as the medieval Trondenes Church.
Rosherville Halt railway station
Rosherville Halt was a railway station on the Gravesend West Line which was built to serve the popular Rosherville Gardens, a pleasure garden in Gravesend which closed in 1910. The station survived a further 23 years before itself closing in 1933.

Rosherville Gardens
Rosherville Gardens was a 19th-century pleasure garden in a disused chalk pit in Northfleet, Kent, England. After being laid out in 1837, it stood for seventy years, and was finally closed to the public just before the First World War.

Structures currently still surviving at Rosherville Gardens are a Grade II-listed bear pit, a Grade II-listed clifftop entrance and tunnelled stairway through the cliff, a hermit cave in a chalk grotto, an Italian garden central feature which also formed part of the Broadwalk, and the Grade II-listed Enigmatic Cavern, drawdock and quay which was the river entrance to the gardens.
Melis Sezer
Melis Sezer (born 2 June 1993) is a Turkish tennis player.

On 3 March 2014, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 336. On 19 May 2014, she peaked at No. 219 in the doubles rankings. Sezer has won nine singles and 37 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Playing for the Turkey Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 3–4. She is a member of the Enkaspor tennis team.

Sezer made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2015 İstanbul Cup, in the doubles event, partnering Ayla Aksu. In the quarter-finals, Serbian Jelena Janković and Turkish Çağla Büyükakçay were defeated in both sets.

Ayla Aksu
Ayla Aksu (born 15 July 1996) is a Turkish tennis player.

Aksu has a career-high WTA singles ranking of 214, achieved on 18 September 2017, and a career-high doubles ranking of No. 199, set on 11 June 2018. She has won 13 singles titles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Anna Maria Lenngren
Anna Maria Lenngren (née Malmstedt; 18 June 1754 – 8 March 1817) was one of the most famous poets in Swedish history. Her father and brother were also poets.

One of her best-known poems is Några ord till min kära dotter, ifall jag hade någon ("Advice to my dear daughter, if I had one"). She also wrote about Sweden's class system in the satirical poems against snobbery Hans nåds morgonsömn ("His Grace's morning snooze") and Grevinnans besök ("The Countess's visit").

Anna Hammar-Rosén
Anna Hammar-Rosén, née Hammar (1735–1805), was a Swedish newspaper editor. She was the director, chief editor and publisher of the popular newspaper Hwad Nytt?? Hwad Nytt?? in Gothenburg between 1773 and 1795. She was a pioneering figure for women in journalism in Sweden.
2012–13 Professional Hockey League season
The 2012–13 Professional Hockey League season was the 21st annual edition of the Ukrainian Hockey Championship, and the second season of the Professional Hockey League (PHL). Seven teams participated in season, with HC Donbass-2 becoming national champions for second year in a row.

HC Donbass-2
Hockey Club Donbass-2 (Russian: ХК Донбасс-2; Ukrainian: Хокейний Клуб Донбас-2, tr. Khokeinyi Klub Donbas-2), was a Ukrainian Professional Hockey League club based in Donetsk. They were a founding member of the Professional Hockey League of Ukraine, winning the league's first two championships. The team takes its name from its geographic location in the heart of the Donets Basin (Donbas). Donbass-2 was an affiliate of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL)'s HC Donbass before being replaced by farm teams Bilyi Bars in the PHL and the Molodaya Gvardia in the Minor Hockey League.
Latvian ISBN Agency
Latvian ISBN/ISMN agency (Latvian: Latvijas ISBN/ISMN aģentūra) is an agency responsible for assigning ISBN numbers for the group identifier 9984 to books and ISMN numbers to printed music in Latvia. As of 2008 the agency is part of the National Library of Latvia and is located in Riga.

The ISBN group identifier was assigned by The International ISBN Agency to Latvia in 1992 and the agency has been operating since 1993.

Since May 2005 the Latvian agency has been assigning ISBNs only for concrete titles. The assignment of ISBN ranges is not practiced anymore. Publishers can acquire numbers either in the agency or via internet using the Lursoft IT site.

National Library of Latvia
The National Library of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka), originally known as the State Library of Latvia, is a national cultural institution under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture of Latvia. Its current main building is known as the Castle of Light (Gaismas pils). The National Library of Latvia was formed in 1919 after the independent Republic of Latvia was proclaimed in 1918. The first supervisor of the Library was Jānis Misiņš, a librarian and the founder of the Latvian scientific bibliography. The current building was designed in 1989 by the Latvian-American architect Gunnar Birkerts, who immigrated to the United States and made his career there. It was constructed in the early 21st century and opened in 2014. The library plays an important role in the development of Latvia's information society, supporting research and lifelong education.
Ancient Diocese of Apt
The former French Catholic diocese of Apt, in southeast France, existed from the fourth century until the French Revolution. By the Concordat of 1801, it was suppressed, and its territory was divided between the diocese of Digne and the diocese of Avignon. Its seat was at Apt Cathedral, in Vaucluse.

Diocese of Digne
The Diocese of Digne (Latin: Dioecesis Diniensis; French: Diocèse de Digne) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. Erected in the 4th century as the Diocese of Digne, the diocese has been known as the Diocese of Digne–Riez–Sisteron  since 1922. The diocese comprises the entire department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in the Region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The diocese was a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence and Arles until 2002 and is now a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Marseille. The Bishop of Digne's cathedra is found in Digne Cathedral at the episcopal see of Digne-les-Bains.
Persicaria orientalis
Persicaria orientalis is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae, known as kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate and princess-feather. It was first described,  as Polygonum orientale, by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It was transferred to the genus Persicaria by Édouard Spach in 1841. Its native distribution is unclear. As of April 2023, Kew's Plants of The World Online lists its native distribution as ranging from the Russian far east to Indochina, Malesia and Australia. It is widely cultivated and naturalized.

Leaf

Stem with ochrea (sheath)

Inflorescence

In cultivation in England

Persicaria
Persicaria is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. Plants of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds: 436  or smartweeds. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide. The genus was segregated from Polygonum.
Håmmålsfjellet
Håmmålsfjellet (historically spelled Hummelfjell) is a mountain in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located on the border of Tolga Municipality and Os Municipality. Its tallest peak is Gråhøgda, which has an elevation of 1,543 meters (5,062 ft) above mean sea level and a topographical prominence of 628 meters (2,060 ft). It is the 495th-tallest peak in Norway. There is a road to the peak from the village of Os, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the north.

This mountain was the site of the crash of Braathens SAFE Flight 253 on 7 November 1956, resulting in the killing of 41 of the 45 occupants of the aircraft.

Os i Østerdalen
Os or Os i Østerdalen is the administrative centre of Os Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the upper part of the river Glåma, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northeast of the village of Tolga and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of the town of Røros. The Os Church is located in the village.

The 1.03-square-kilometre (250-acre) village has a population (2024) of 687 and a population density of 667 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,730/sq mi). This village is the only urban area in the municipality according to Statistics Norway.

The village lies in the Glåma river valley and the mountain Håmmålsfjellet lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the village. The village of Dalsbygda lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the northwest of this village and the village of Narbuvoll lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the southeast of this village.

The village lies along the County Road 30 and the Rørosbanen railway line, with a stop at Os Station.
New Empire Cinema (Bowral)
The New Empire Cinema is a cinema in Bowral, New South Wales.

Also known as the Empire Theatre, and Empire Pictures, and open since 1915, it is the oldest continuously running cinema in mainland Australia. At times over the years, the title has defaulted to New Empire and there have been similarly named establishments in other Australian states.

The New Empire currently has four screens, and can hold up to 560 people. The cinema is run by Richard Ruhfus, David Graham and Gerard Aiken, and a staff of 24 employees.

Bowral
Bowral (/ˈbaʊrəl/ BOW-rəl) is the largest town in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia. It is 132 kilometres (82 mi) south-west of Sydney and 169 kilometres (105 mi) north-east of Canberra. It is the main business and entertainment precinct of the Wingecarribee Shire and the Southern Highlands.

Bowral once served as a rural summer retreat for the gentry of Sydney, resulting in the establishment of a number of estates and manor houses in the district. Bowral is often associated with the cricketer Sir Donald Bradman.

Bowral is close to several other historic towns, being 5 kilometres (3 mi) from Mittagong, 9 kilometres (6 mi) from both Moss Vale and Berrima. The suburb of East Bowral and the village of Burradoo are nearby.
Bussy-Chardonney
Bussy-Chardonney (Arpitan: Bussê-Chardenê) is a former municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.

The municipality was created in 1961 by a merger of Bussy-sur-Morges and Chardonney-sur-Morges. This union also existed before 1744 and between 1799 and 1819.

On 1 July 2021 the former municipalities of Apples, Cottens, Pampigny, Sévery, Bussy-Chardonney and Reverolle merged into the new municipality of Hautemorges.

Sévery
Sévery is a former municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Morges. On 1 July 2021 the former municipalities of Apples, Cottens, Pampigny, Sévery, Bussy-Chardonney and Reverolle merged into the new municipality of Hautemorges.
Cyclocarbon
In organic chemistry, a cyclo[n]carbon (or simply cyclocarbon) is a chemical compound consisting solely of a number n of carbon atoms covalently linked in a ring. Since the compounds are composed only of carbon atoms, they are allotropes of carbon. Possible bonding patterns include all double bonds (a cyclic cumulene) or alternating single bonds and triple bonds (a cyclic polyyne).

The first cyclocarbon synthesized is cyclo[18]carbon (C18). Besides that, C6, C10, C12, C13, C14, C16, C20, and C26 are all known.

Cyclo(18)carbon
Cyclooctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonayne or cyclo[18]carbon is an allotrope of carbon with molecular formula C18.  The molecule is a ring of eighteen carbon atoms, connected by alternating triple and single bonds; thus, it is a polyyne and a cyclocarbon.

Cyclo[18]carbon is the smallest cyclo[n]carbon predicted to be relatively stable, with a computed strain energy of 72 kilocalories per mole.

It is, however, difficult to synthesize. It was first observed transiently in 1987 from a high-temperature retro-Diels-Alder reaction, but was unstable under those conditions, and could not be isolated.

A collaboration claimed to synthesize it in solid state in 2019 by electrochemical decarbonylation:

The observed geometry corresponds to alternating triple bonds and single bonds, rather than a cumulene-type structure of consecutive double bonds.

Cyclo[18] carbon is predicted to be a mild oxidant and a semiconductor.
Organogallium chemistry
Organogallium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to gallium (Ga) chemical bond. Despite their high toxicity , organogallium compounds have some use in organic synthesis. The compound trimethylgallium is of some relevance to MOCVD as a precursor to gallium arsenide via its reaction with arsine at 700 °C:

Ga(CH3)3 + AsH3 → GaAs + 3CH4

Gallium trichloride is an important reagent for the introduction of gallium into organic compounds.

The main gallium oxidation state is Ga(III), as in all lower group 13 elements (such as aluminium).

Gallium(III) chloride
Gallium(III) chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula GaCl3 which forms a monohydrate, GaCl3·H2O. Solid gallium(III) chloride is a deliquescent colorless crystals and exists as a dimer with the formula Ga2Cl6. It is colourless and soluble in virtually all solvents, even alkanes, which is unusual for a metal halide. It is the main precursor to most derivatives of gallium and a reagent in organic synthesis.

As a Lewis acid, GaCl3 is milder than aluminium chloride. It is also easier to reduce than aluminium chloride. The coordination chemistry of Ga(III) and Fe(III) are similar, so gallium(III) chloride has been used as a diamagnetic analogue of ferric chloride.
Whittenton Branch
The Whittenton Branch was a short railroad branch in the state of Massachusetts that formerly connected the city of Taunton and Raynham. The 3-mile (4.8 km) branch initially opened in 1881 and was later extended to connect the New Bedford and Taunton Railroad and the Dighton and Somerset Railroad.

The branch closed in 1966; the former right-of-way is currently abandoned. The rail bed between Whittenton Junction and Whittenton Village is planned to become the Whittenton Junction Rail Trail.

Raynham Place station
Raynham Place station (called Raynham Park in some documents) is a proposed MBTA Commuter Rail station in Raynham, Massachusetts. Under current plans, it would be constructed behind the Raynham Park racing center north of downtown Raynham and open in 2030 as part of the second phase of the South Coast Rail project.
Ted Muenster
Theodore R. "Ted" Muenster Jr. is an American political advisor, academic administrator, businessman, and former political candidate. He was the Democratic nominee during the 1990 United States Senate election in South Dakota. He later served as chief of staff to South Dakota Governor Richard Kneip. He was inducted into the South Dakota Hall of Fame in 2009.

Beatrice, Nebraska
Beatrice (/biˈætrɪs/) is a city in and the county seat of Gage County, Nebraska, United States. Its population was 12,261 at the 2020 census, making it the 15th most populous city in Nebraska. Beatrice is located approximately 42 miles south of Lincoln on the Big Blue River.
Qin (state)
Qin (CHIN, /tʃɪn/, or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin".

King Huiwen of Qin
King Huiwen of Qin (Chinese: 秦惠文王; 356–311 BC), also known as Lord Huiwen of Qin (Chinese: 秦惠文君), personal name Ying Si, was a king of the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, reigning from 338 to 311 BC. He was the first ruler of Qin to style himself "King" (王) instead of "Duke" (公).
Garra surendranathanii
Garra surendranathanii is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra from the Western Ghats in Kerala. It occurs on four river systems the Periyar, Chalakudy, Pamba  and Achenkovil in the state.  A decline in habitat quality has endangered this fish.

Garra
Garra is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Anatolia and the Middle East belongs in this genus. The majority of the more than 160 species of garras are native to Asia, but about one-fifth of the species are from Africa (East, Middle and West, but by far the highest species richness in Ethiopia).