hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway
The Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) is a railway system under construction and partially in operation, serving Tanzania and linking it to the neighbouring countries of Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi, and through these to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as part of the East African Railway Master Plan. The new, electrified standard gauge railway is intended to replace the outdated metre-gauge railway system.

Tanzania Railways Corporation
The Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) is a state-owned enterprise that runs one of Tanzania's two main railway networks. the Headquarters are located in  Mchafukoge, Ilala District, Dar es Salaam Region.

When the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation was dissolved in 1977 and its assets divided between Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, TRC was formed to take over its operations in Tanzania. In 1997 the inland shipping division became a separate company.
Martin/Molloy
Martin/Molloy was an Australian radio program starring Tony Martin and Mick Molloy, both formerly of The D-Generation and The Late Show. It was broadcast nationwide on 54 radio stations for two hours on weekday evenings between 1995 and 1998.

The D-Generation
The D-Generation was a popular and influential Australian TV sketch comedy show produced and broadcast by ABC for two series between 1986 and 1987. A further four specials were broadcast on the Seven Network between 1988 and 1989. The show would also serve as a stepping stone for many early incarnations of iconic characters, including Lynne Postlethwaite, Gina Hard-Faced B***h, Eileen Maverick and Kelvin Cunnington.
Anacleto Formation
The Anacleto Formation is a geologic formation with outcrops in the Argentine Patagonian provinces of Mendoza, Río Negro, and Neuquén. It is the youngest formation within the Neuquén Group and belongs to the Río Colorado Subgroup. Formerly that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Anacleto Formation was known as the Anacleto Member.

The type locality of this formation lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of the city of Neuquén. At its base, the Anacleto Formation conformably overlies the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, also of the Río Colorado Subgroup, and it is in turn unconformably overlain by the Allen Formation of the younger Malargüe Group.

The Anacleto Formation varies between 60 and 90 metres (200 and 300 ft) thick, and consists mainly of claystones and mudstones, purple and dark red in color, deposited in fluvial, lacustrine and floodplain environments. Geodes are often found scattered throughout this formation.

Neuquén Group
The Neuquén Group is a group of geologic formations found in Argentina. Rocks in the Neuquén Group fall within the Cenomanian to early Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period. It overlies the older Lohan Cura Formation and is itself overlain by the younger Allen Formation of the Malargüe Group, separated from both by unconformities, dated to 98 and 79 Ma respectively.
William Frierson Cooper
William Frierson Cooper (March 11, 1820 – May 7, 1909) was a lawyer, planter and politician. He was nominated to the Supreme Court of the Confederate States of America by President Jefferson Davis, but the court never sat because of the American Civil War. After the war, he served as the Dean of the Vanderbilt University Law School from 1874 to 1875. He was a judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1878 to 1886.

Duncan Brown Cooper
Duncan Brown Cooper (April 21, 1844 – November 4, 1922) was an American journalist, publisher and Democratic politician. He served in both the Tennessee House of Representatives and in the Tennessee Senate.

In 1908, he became involved in a feud with a political opponent and newspaper competitor, Edward W. Carmack. Cooper warned Carmack that if his name appeared again in Carmack's newspaper, The Tennessean, he would retaliate. Cooper and his son did in fact retaliate after Carmack ignored the warning and continued to attack and satirize Cooper. Carmack was shot and killed shortly thereafter.

In the court case that followed Carmack's murder, Cooper and his son were convicted of second degree murder, and Duncan Cooper was given a sentence of 20 years in prison. His son was granted a new trial on appeal, but the prosecution decided against pursuing the case.
Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza
The Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza (Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza; FPT) is a Moroccan public institution of higher education located in Taza. Established in 2003, it is a constituent institution of the Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fez. It was created as part of the Moroccan government's effort to decentralize higher education and promote regional development.

Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University
Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (French: Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah; Arabic: جامعة سيدي محمد بن عبد الله) is a university in Fez city, Morocco, which was founded in 1975. It is named for Mohammed ben Abdallah.

In 2022, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings rated Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University as the best higher education institution in Morocco. It was the only Moroccan university to be ranked in the top 1,000 globally.
Theodosian dynasty
The Theodosian dynasty was a Roman imperial family that produced five Roman emperors during Late Antiquity, reigning over the Roman Empire from 379 to 457. The dynasty's patriarch was Theodosius the Elder, whose son Theodosius the Great was made Roman emperor in 379. Theodosius's two sons both became emperors, while his daughter married Constantius III, producing a daughter that became an empress and a son also became emperor. The dynasty of Theodosius married into, and reigned concurrently with, the ruling Valentinianic dynasty (r. 364–455), and was succeeded by the Leonid dynasty (r. 457–518) with the accession of Leo the Great.

Olybrius
Anicius Olybrius (died 2 November 472) was Roman emperor from July 472 until his death later that same year; his rule as augustus in the western Roman Empire was not recognised as legitimate by the ruling augustus in the eastern Roman Empire, Leo I (r. 457–474). He was in reality a puppet ruler raised to power by Ricimer, the magister militum of Germanic descent, and was mainly interested in religion, while the actual power was held by Ricimer and his nephew Gundobad.
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern State Football Association
The Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Football Association (German: Landesfußballverband Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, LFVMV), is the umbrella organization of the football clubs in the German state Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and covers the football districts of Mecklenburg Lake District, Vorpommern-Rügen, Schwerin – Nordwestmecklenburg, Western Pomerania – Greifswald, Warnow and West Mecklenburg. The LFVMV was founded in 1990 and has its headquarters in Rostock. President of the association is Joachim Masuch.

The LFV belongs to the Northeastern German Football Association and is one of 21 state organizations of the German Football Association (German: Deutscher Fussball-Bund - DFB).

In 2017, the LFV had 58,949 members from 469 football clubs with 1,923 teams.

German Football Association
The German Football Association (German: Deutscher Fußball-Bund [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈfuːsbalˌbʊnt]; DFB [ˌdeːʔɛfˈbeː] ⓘ) is the governing body of football, futsal, and beach soccer in Germany. A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA, the DFB has jurisdiction for the German football league system and is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The DFB headquarters are in Frankfurt am Main. Sole members of the DFB are the German Football League (German: Deutsche Fußball Liga; DFL), organising the professional Bundesliga and the 2. Bundesliga, along with five regional and 21 state associations, organising the semi-professional and amateur levels. The 21 state associations of the DFB have a combined number of 23,868 clubs with little more than 8 million members, making the DFB the single largest sports federation in the world.
Wainford Rural District
Wainford Rural District was a rural district in East Suffolk, England, between 1934 and 1974. It was created by a merger of the disbanded Wangford Rural District and parts of Blything Rural District, and contained the group of small villages collectively known as The Saints. The name Wainford is linked to that of Wangford, a historic hundred of Suffolk.

The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and the area became part of the Waveney district.

East Suffolk (county)
East Suffolk, along with West Suffolk, was created in 1888 as an administrative county of England. The administrative county was based on the eastern quarter sessions division of Suffolk. East Suffolk County Council's headquarters were at East Suffolk County Hall in Ipswich.

In 1974, most of the county reunified with West Suffolk and the county borough of Ipswich to form the non-metropolitan county of Suffolk.
Gus (2011 film)
Gus is a 2011 Australian animated short film produced by Honeydew Studios in Brisbane, Australia. It is written, directed, animated and produced by Andrew Martin. The music is composed by Liam Flenady and Lisa Cheney, and the sound design is by John Willsteed. It has won multiple awards on the international festival circuit, including Best Short Film Script and Best Short Animation at the Monaco International Film Festival, and Best Animation at the Queensland New Filmmakers Awards in 2011. Gus is Andrew Martin's filmmaking debut and the first production for his company Honeydew Studios.

Honeydew Studios
Honeydew Studios is a small animation production company in Brisbane, Australia. It was named after a short-lived, Muppet-inspired nickname for its founder. It produced the animated short film Gus in 2011, and is in production of its latest animated short film Levare. The studio reported in July 2025 that Levare was approaching the pre-production phase.
Lansford Hastings
Lansford Warren Hastings (1819–1870) was an American explorer and Confederate soldier. He is best remembered as the developer of Hastings Cutoff, a claimed shortcut to California across what is now the state of Utah, a factor in the ill-fated Donner Party of 1846. He was a Major in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.

Hastings Cutoff
The Hastings Cutoff was an alternative route for westward emigrants to travel to California, as proposed by Lansford Hastings in The Emigrant's Guide to Oregon and California. The ill-fated Donner Party infamously took the route in 1846.  Hastings himself did not travel the cutoff prior to writing the guide.
Jariyan Al Batnah
Jariyan Al Batnah (Arabic: جريان الباطنة, romanized: Jarayān al Baţnah; also spelled Jariyan Al Butna) is a village and former municipality of Qatar. Its territory was split between the municipalities of Al Wakrah and Al Rayyan in 2004. All of Jariyan Al Batnah's districts recorded in the 2004 census – Al Karaana, Rawdat Rashed, Sawda Natheel, and Abu Samra – were distributed to the municipality of Al Rayyan thereafter. The village of Jariyan Al Batnah was also shifted to within Al Rayyan's boundaries, in Zone 83.

The Persian Gulf bordered Jariyan Al Batnah in its west and its southeast. It used to be the only municipality to border foreign territory: Saudi Arabia's Ash Sharqiyah province.

Abu Samra
Abu Samra (Arabic: أبو سمرة, romanized: Abū Samrah) is a settlement in Qatar, located in the municipality of Al Rayyan (90 km from Doha). It used to be part of the Jariyan al Batnah municipality before the municipality was incorporated into Al Rayyan.

Notable features of the area are a border post separating the southern part of the municipality from Saudi Arabia, and a well. It was previously Qatar's only land border crossing to Saudi Arabia, until its closure in June 2017 over the Qatar diplomatic crisis.
The border was opened again when the blockade ended in 2021.
Charlie Christian
Charles Henry Christian (July 29, 1916 – March 2, 1942) was an American swing and jazz guitarist. He was among the first electric guitarists and was a key figure in the development of bebop and cool jazz who transformed the electric guitar from a rhythm instrument into a leading solo voice in jazz. He gained national exposure as a member of the Benny Goodman Sextet and Orchestra from August 1939 to June 1941. His single-string technique, combined with amplification, helped bring the guitar out of the rhythm section and into the forefront as a solo instrument. For this, he is often credited with leading to the development of the lead guitar role in musical ensembles and bands.

Gibson ES-150
The Gibson ES-150 is a pioneering electric guitar produced by  Gibson Guitar Corporation.  Introduced in 1936, it is generally recognized as the world's first commercially successful Spanish-style electric guitar. The ES stands for Electric Spanish, and Gibson designated it "150" because they priced it (in an instrument/amplifier/cable bundle) at around $150 (equivalent to $3,400 in 2024). The particular sound of the instrument came from a combination of the specific bar-style pickup and its placement, and the guitar's overall construction.

Unlike the usual acoustic guitars in jazz bands of the period, it was loud enough to take a more prominent position in ensembles. Upon its debut it immediately became popular with such notable guitar players as Charlie Christian, spreading its renown. Gibson produced the guitar with minor variations until 1940, when the ES-150 designation (the "V2") denoted a model with a different construction and pickup.
USNS Mission San Jose
SS Mission San Jose was a Type T2-SE-A2 tanker built for the United States Maritime Commission during World War II. After the war she was acquired by the United States Navy as USS Mission San Jose. Later the tanker transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service as USNS Mission San Jose. She was a Mission Buenaventura-class oiler  and was named for Mission San José, located in Fremont, California.

Mission Buenaventura-class oiler
The Mission Buenaventura class was a series of oilers in World War II in service with the United States Navy. Each of the ships was named after a mission or settlement along the El Camino Real in California, the sole exception being Mission Loreto, named for a settlement in Baja California Sur. When Mission Santa Ynez was scrapped in 2010 she was the last of the over 500 T2 tankers built during the war.
Castro County, Texas
Castro County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 7,371. Its county seat is Dimmitt. The county was named for Henri Castro, who was consul general to France for the Republic of Texas and the founder of a colony in Texas.

The county was created in 1876 and was organized in 1891.

On April 10, 2023, an explosion and subsequent fire at South Fork Dairy, about 10 miles south of Dimmitt, resulted in the deaths of an estimated 18,000 dairy cattle.

2023 Texas dairy farm explosion
An explosion occurred on April 10, 2023, at the South Fork Dairy Farm about ten miles (16 km) south of Dimmitt, Texas, United States. The explosion and subsequent fire killed approximately 18,000 cows and injured one person. It was one of the deadliest fires involving animals, and the deadliest fire involving cattle in at least a decade. The explosion resulted in the loss of approximately 3% of Texas’s dairy cattle population.
Jenny Mae
Jennifer Mae Leffel, better known as Jenny Mae (1968–2017), was an American indie rock singer-songwriter, guitarist, and keyboardist. She was active first as a member of the band Vibralux, and later as a solo artist.

Anyway Records
Anyway Records is an independent record label based in Columbus, Ohio, which specializes in a Columbus brand of indie rock. It was established in 1991 by Bela Koe-Krompecher, called an "indie stalwart" by Entertainment Weekly.

During the 1990s, the label was considered the most well-known and prolific label in Columbus. The Other Paper called Anyway Records "arguably the most influential indie label in Columbus throughout the last half of the ‘90s." The early 2000s saw a reduction in offerings. However, since 2007, the label has put out records by The Whiles, The Kyle Sowashes, Moviola, and The Lindsay. "Song for Jerry", off of The Whiles album Colors of the Year, appeared on the documentary Murderball. The Whiles album Sleepers Wake was referred to by Columbus Alive as a "masterpiece."

Past releases have included notable artists such as Guided by Voices, the Ass Ponys, the New Bomb Turks, and Jenny Mae.
Louis Philippe Plateau
The Louis Philippe Plateau (63°36′S 58°21′W﻿ / ﻿63.600°S 58.350°W﻿ / -63.600; -58.350﻿ (Louis Philippe Plateau)) is a plateau, about 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) long and 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) wide, which rises to 1,370 metres (4,490 ft) and occupies the central part of Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica, between Russell West Glacier and Windy Gap.

Marescot Point
Marescot Point (63°29′S 58°35′W﻿ / ﻿63.483°S 58.583°W﻿ / -63.483; -58.583﻿ (Marescot Point)) is a small but distinctive low rocky point projecting north from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica, 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) east of Thanaron Point.
Heuston station
Heuston Station, (/ˈhjuːstən/ ⓘ HEW-stən; Irish: Stáisiún Heuston; formerly Kingsbridge Station) also known as Dublin Heuston, is one of Dublin's largest railway stations and links the capital with the south, southwest and west of Ireland. It is operated by Iarnród Éireann (IÉ), the national railway operator. It also houses the head office of its parent company, Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ). The station is named in honour of Seán Heuston, an executed leader of the 1916 Easter Rising, who had worked in the station's offices.

Seán Heuston Bridge
Seán Heuston Bridge (Irish: Droichead Seán Heuston) is a cast iron bridge spanning the River Liffey beside Heuston station in Dublin, Ireland. Originally named King's Bridge and later Sarsfield Bridge, the bridge, which previously used for road traffic, now carries pedestrian and Luas (tram) traffic.
Kaminaljuyu
Kaminaljuyu (pronounced /kæminælˈhuːjuː/; from Quiché, "The Hill of the Dead") is a Pre-Columbian site of the Maya civilization located in Guatemala City. Primarily occupied from 1500 BC to 1200 AD, it has been described as one of the greatest archaeological sites in the New World—although the extant remains are distinctly unimpressive. Debate continues about its  size, integration, and role in the surrounding Valley of Guatemala and the Southern Maya area.

Kaminaljuyu, when first mapped scientifically, comprised some 200 platforms and pyramidal mounds. The  site was largely swallowed up by real estate developments. A portion of the Classic Period center is preserved as a 0.5 square km park—a fraction of the original ruins field size of around 5 square km.

Michael D. Coe
Michael Douglas Coe (May 14, 1929 – September 25, 2019) was an American archaeologist, anthropologist, epigrapher, and author. He is known for his research on pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, particularly the Maya, and was among the foremost Mayanists of the late twentieth century. He specialised in comparative studies of ancient tropical forest civilizations, such as those of Central America and Southeast Asia. He held the chair of Charles J. MacCurdy Professor of Anthropology, Emeritus, Yale University, and was curator emeritus of the Anthropology collection in the Peabody Museum of Natural History, where he had been curator from 1968 to 1994.

Coe authored a number of popular works for the non-specialist audience, several of which were best-selling and much reprinted, such as The Maya (1966) and Breaking the Maya Code (1992). With Rex Koontz, he co-authored the book Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs, published in 1962.
Scot Mendelson
Scot Mendelson (born February 21, 1969) is an American powerlifter and armwrestler who specializes in the bench press.

During his career he set 64 world records predominantly in bench pressing and was the raw (unassisted) world record holder in the 308-pound weight class with 701 lb (318.0 kg) from 2002 to 2020 and the equipped world record holder in the 275-pound class with 1,031 lb (467.7 kg) from 2009 to 2021. He also held the all-time world record in the raw bench press, regardless of weight class with 715 lb (324.3 kg) for 8 years.

He's the only man in the world to hold both raw and equipped (multi-ply) world records, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest bench pressers of all-time.

Ryan Kennelly
Ryan Shawn Kennelly (born March 23, 1974) is an American powerlifter who specializes in the bench press. He held the World Powerlifting Organization (WPO) record and held the all-time world record in the Equipped (geared) bench press with a lift of 1075.0 lbs (487.6 kg) from November 2008 until April 2013. This world record is classified as an equipped world record, meaning the lift is performed with the aid of a bench shirt. He bench pressed an unequipped 650.0 lbs (294.8 kg) in competition.
Disposable tableware
Disposable tableware includes all disposable tableware like

disposable cups made of paper, plastic, coated paper,

plates

tablecloths,

placemats

plastic cutlery,

paper napkins, etc.

These products are prevalent in fast food restaurants, takeaways, but also for airline meals. In private settings, this kind of disposable products has proven very popular with consumers who prefer easy and quick cleanup after parties, etc.

The market for disposable tableware is huge, with an estimated $7.5 billion in 2012 in the US alone.

Disposable product
A disposable (also called disposable product) is a product designed for a single use after which it is recycled or is disposed as solid waste. The term is also sometimes used for products that may last several months (e.g. disposable air filters) to distinguish from similar products that last indefinitely (e.g. washable air filters). The word "disposables" is not to be confused with the word "consumables", which is widely used in the mechanical world. For example, welders consider welding rods, tips, nozzles, gas, etc. to be "consumables", as they last only a certain amount of time before needing to be replaced. Consumables are needed for a process to take place, such as inks for printing and welding rods for welding, while disposable products are items that can be discarded after they become damaged or are no longer useful.
River Dulas
The River Dulas (Welsh: Afon Dulas) is a tributary of the River Teifi and has its source near the village of Llangybi, Ceredigion, Wales. Its confluence with the Teifi is near Lampeter.

In June 2017, effluent from an anaerobic digestion plant in Lampeter was discharged into the Dulas. This caused a pollution incident that was investigated by Natural Resources Wales.

River Teifi
The River Teifi, is a river in Wales. It forms the boundary for most of its length between the Welsh counties of Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire, and for the final 3 miles (4.8 km) of its total length of 76 miles (122 km), the boundary between Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire. Its estuary is northwest of Cardigan, known in Welsh as Aberteifi, meaning 'mouth of the Teifi'.
Gyroelongated square cupola
In geometry, the gyroelongated square cupola is one of the Johnson solids (J23). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by gyroelongating a square cupola (J4) by attaching an octagonal antiprism to its base. It can also be seen as a gyroelongated square bicupola (J45) with one square bicupola removed.

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that are composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.

Square cupola
In geometry, the square cupola (sometimes called lesser dome) is a cupola with an octagonal base. In the case of all edges being equal in length, it is a Johnson solid, a convex polyhedron with regular faces.
It can be used to construct many other polyhedrons, particularly other Johnson solids.