hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dupnitsa
Dupnitsa, or Dupnica (Bulgarian: Дупница (previously Дубница), pronounced [ˈdupnit͡sɐ]), is a town in Western Bulgaria. It is at the foot of the highest mountains in the Balkan Peninsula – the Rila Mountains, and about 50 km (31 mi) south of the capital Sofia. Dupnitsa is the second largest town in Kyustendil Province.

Kyustendil Province
42°15′N 23°0′E﻿ / ﻿42.250°N 23.000°E﻿ / 42.250; 23.000

Kyustendil Province (Bulgarian: Област Кюстендил, romanized: Oblast Kyustendil) is a province in southwestern Bulgaria, extending over an area of 3,084.3 km2 (1,190.9 sq mi) (constituting 2.7% of the total territory of the Republic of Bulgaria), and with a population of 106 131.  It borders the provinces of Sofia, Pernik, and Blagoevgrad; to the west, its limits coincide with the state borders between Bulgaria and North Macedonia, and between Bulgaria and the Republic of Serbia.  The administrative center of the Province is Kyustendil.
Providentissimus Deus
Providentissimus Deus, "On the Study of Holy Scripture", was an encyclical letter issued by Pope Leo XIII on 18 November 1893. In it, he reviewed the history of Bible study from the time of the Church Fathers to the present, spoke against the errors of the Rationalists and "higher critics", and outlined principles of scripture study and guidelines for how scripture was to be taught in seminaries.
He also addressed the issues of apparent contradictions between the Bible and physical science, or between one part of scripture and another, and how such apparent contradictions can be resolved.

Bible study (Christianity)
In Christian communities, Bible study is the study of the Bible by people as a personal religious or spiritual practice. In many Christian traditions, Bible study, coupled with prayer, is known as doing devotions or devotional acts. Many Christian churches schedule time to engage in Bible study collectively. The origin of Bible study groups has its origin in early Christianity, when Church Fathers such as Origen and Jerome taught the Bible extensively to disciple Christians. In Christianity, Bible study has the purpose of "be[ing] taught and nourished by the Word of God" and "being formed and animated by the inspirational power conveyed by Scripture".
McMillan, Oklahoma
McMillan is an unincorporated community in Marshall County, Oklahoma, United States. McMillan is located south of U.S. Route 70 in the western part of the county, 9.5 miles (15.3 km) west of Madill.

A post office was established at McMillan, Indian Territory on March 28, 1892.  It was named for Joseph E.A. McMillan, first postmaster.

At the time of its founding, McMillan was located in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation.

Marshall County, Oklahoma
Marshall County is a county located on the south-central border of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,312. Its county seat is Madill. The county was created at statehood in 1907 from the former Pickens County of the Chickasaw Nation. It was named to honor the maiden name of the mother of George Henshaw, a member of the 1906 Oklahoma Constitutional Convention. The county and its cities are part of the Texoma region.
Big Piney, Missouri
Big Piney is an unincorporated community in Pulaski County, Missouri, United States on the southeastern edge of Fort Leonard Wood and one mile west of a bend in the Big Piney River. The community is on Missouri Route TT four miles northeast of Palace.  Licking is seventeen miles to the southeast. Its former K-8 school has closed; students attend the Plato R-V School District.

Pulaski County, Missouri
Pulaski County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,955. Its county seat is Waynesville. The county was organized in 1833 and named for Kazimierz Pułaski, a Polish patriot who died fighting in the American Revolution. Pulaski County is the site of Fort Leonard Wood, a U.S. Army training base. It comprises the Fort Leonard Wood, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area which has nearly one-third of the total county population.
Martín Huitzingarit
Huitzingarit (c. 1500 – c. 1570), later baptized as Martín Santiago, was the last principal chief of the indigenous settlement of Huitzquilic, present-day San Martín de Hidalgo, Jalisco.

He was a member of the Tepenahuales, a group of Nahua Aztecs who were on their way to Zacatula (Colima) when they decided to settle the San Martín de Hidalgo area. The first Spanish conquistadores came in 1540, during his time as chief, and humbly he and his people seceded their town and possessions to the Spanish newcomers. For his nobleness, the Spanish named him Captain and gave him a part of the portion of the land seceded.

Today, in honor of the chief, there is a street in San Martín de Hidalgo called "Martín Huitzingarit"

San Martín de Hidalgo
San Martín de Hidalgo, formerly San Martín de la Cal, is the largest town and municipal seat of San Martín de Hidalgo Municipality, in Jalisco in central-western Mexico. As of 2015, the town had a population of 7,819. It is located 16 km (10 miles) southeast of the city of Ameca and 13 km (8 miles) northwest of the city of Cocula.

Tourism in San Martín de Hidalgo mainly relies on either architecture, hiking, or gastronomy.
Gene Maddox
Orville Gene Maddox (August 23, 1938 – June 2, 2015) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born in Chillicothe, Illinois, Maddox graduated from Chillicothe High School in 1956. He then received his bachelor's degree from Northwestern University in 1960 and his law degree from Northwestern University School of Law in 1962. Maddox then moved to Des Moines, Iowa to practice law. In 1975, Maddox served on the Clive, Iowa City Council and then served as mayor of Clive, Iowa, from 1977 until 1992. Maddox was a Republican. From 1993 to 2003, Maddox served in the Iowa Senate and then served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2003 to 2007. Maddox died in Des Moines, Iowa.

Clive, Iowa
Clive is a city in Dallas and Polk counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 18,601. It is part of the Des Moines metropolitan area. Clive is known for its Greenbelt Park and trail system running through the community. Clive serves as the axis of the western Des Moines suburbs, between Urbandale, Waukee and West Des Moines along the major transportation corridors of I-35, I-80 and I-235. The City of Urbandale is to the north to northwest, the City of West Des Moines is to the southeast to southwest, the City of Waukee in Dallas County is to the west.
Iain Macleod (lawyer)
Sir Iain Macleod, GCMG is a British lawyer who served as Legal Adviser to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 2011 to 2022.

Macleod was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 2017 New Year Honours. He was promoted to Knight Grand Cross (GCMG) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to the international rule of law and to legal services across HM Government.

Legal Adviser to the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
The Legal Adviser to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (known as Legal Adviser to the Foreign Office until 1968) is the chief legal adviser and the head of the Legal Directorate of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The current Legal Adviser is Sally Langrish.
Norfolk Library (Connecticut)
The Norfolk Library, also known as Eldridge Memorial Library, is a library at 9 Greenwoods Road East in Norfolk, Connecticut. The Norfolk Library is a private charitable organization, but the facility is open to the general public.  Designed by architect George Keller in 1888, and greatly expanded by Keller in 1911, it is an outstanding example of Shingle Style architecture. The building is a contributing property in the Norfolk Historic District.

George Keller (architect)
George Keller (December 15, 1842 – July 7, 1935) was an American architect and engineer. He enjoyed a diverse and successful career, and was sought for his designs of bridges, houses, monuments, and various commercial and public buildings. Keller's most famous projects, however, are the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch in Hartford, Connecticut, and the James A. Garfield Memorial in Cleveland, Ohio.
Rungstedlund
Rungstedlund, also known as the Karen Blixen Museum, is a country house in Rungsted on the Øresund coast just north of Copenhagen, Denmark, notable for its association with the author Karen Blixen, who lived there for most of her life. She was born on the estate in 1885, and returned there after her years in Kenya, chronicled in her 1937 book Out of Africa, to do most of her writings. The property is today managed by the Rungstedlund Foundation as a writer's house museum.

Out of Africa
Out of Africa is a memoir by the Danish author Karen Blixen. The book, first published in 1937, recounts events of the eighteen years when Blixen made her home in Kenya, then called British East Africa. The book is a lyrical meditation on Blixen's life on her coffee plantation, as well as a tribute to some of the people who touched her life there. It provides a vivid snapshot of African colonial life in the last decades under the British Empire. Blixen wrote the book in English and then rewrote it in Danish. The book has sometimes been published under the author's pen name, Isak Dinesen.
Isaac Bashevis Singer
Isaac Bashevis Singer (Yiddish: יצחק באַשעװיס זינגער; November 11, 1903 – July 24, 1991) was a Polish-born Jewish novelist, short-story writer, memoirist, essayist, and translator in the United States. Some of his works were adapted for the theater. He wrote and published first in Yiddish and later translated his own works into English with the help of editors and collaborators. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978. A leading figure in the Yiddish literary movement, he was awarded two U.S. National Book Awards, one in Children's Literature for his memoir A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw (1970) and one in Fiction for his collection A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories (1974).

Library of America
The Library of America (LOA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. Founded in 1979 with seed money from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Ford Foundation, the LOA has published more than 300 volumes by authors ranging from Nathaniel Hawthorne to Saul Bellow, Frederick Douglass to Ursula K. Le Guin, including selected writing of several U.S. presidents. Anthologies and works containing historical documents, criticism, and journalism are also published. Library of America volumes seek to print authoritative versions of works; include extensive notes, chronologies, and other back matter; and are known for their distinctive physical appearance and characteristics.
Dawn (Go Away)
"Dawn (Go Away)" is a song written by Bob Gaudio and Sandy Linzer and recorded by the Four Seasons in November 1963.  
The song hit No. 3 in the early part of 1964. According to Billboard, it was the 25th biggest hit single of the year, placing behind "Rag Doll", another Four Seasons hit, which was No. 24.

Sandy Linzer
Sanford Roy Linzer (born 1941) is an American songwriter, lyricist, and record producer, who is best known for his songwriting collaborations with Denny Randell and Bob Crewe in the 1960s and 1970s.  He co-wrote hits including "A Lover's Concerto", "Let's Hang On!", "Working My Way Back to You", "Breakin' Down the Walls of Heartache", "Native New Yorker", and "Use It Up and Wear It Out".  He was nominated with Randell for induction into the Songwriters Hall of Fame (SHOF) in 2012.
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP; lit. 'Fight of Democratic Filipinos') is a political party in the Philippines founded by Ramon Mitra Jr. and Peping Cojuangco. LDP was more commonly referred to as Laban during its early years.

Rodolfo Biazon
Rodolfo "Pong" Gaspar Biazon (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈbjason], April 14, 1935 – June 12, 2023) was a Filipino politician and Philippine Marine Corps general. He was the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in early 1991 and then served as a Senator from 1992 to 1995 and from 1998 to 2010.

During his time in the military, he served as superintendent of the Philippine Military Academy (PMA), commandant of the Philippine Marine Corps, Vice Chief of Staff, and finally Chief of Staff of the AFP. After his stints in the senate, he served as the Representative of Muntinlupa from 2010 to 2016.
Kaduna International Airport
Kaduna International Airport (IATA: KAD, ICAO: DNKA) is an airport serving Kaduna, the capital of Kaduna State in Nigeria. The airport is around 22 kilometres (14 mi) northwest of the city. The airport opened in 1982.

Kaduna also has an older airport, Old Kaduna Airport, located in the northern part of the city.

The airport was attacked by bandits on March 26, 2022, killing a security guard.

Kaduna
Kaduna Listenⓘ is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.

The population of Kaduna was put at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, and as of 2024, the city has an estimated population of 1.2 million people.
Peterson Schools
The Peterson Schools (Spanish: Colegios Peterson) is a private, international, co-educational, non-profit establishment located in Mexico City, Mexico. It has offered the International Baccalaureate Organization Diploma Program since 2004 to students in the last two years of high school.

The Peterson Schools is a member of the Association of American Schools in Mexico (ASOMEX), of Instituciones de Enseñanza Particular de la República Mexicana (IEPRM), as well as member of National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS)

Álvaro Obregón, Mexico City
Álvaro Obregón (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalβaɾo oβɾeˈɣon]) is a borough (demarcación territorial) in Mexico City. It contains a large portion of the south-west part of Mexico City. It had a 2020 census population of 759,137 inhabitants and lies at an elevation of 2,319 m. above sea level.

It was named after Álvaro Obregón, a leader of the Mexican Revolution and an early-20th-century Mexican president, who was assassinated in this area. Its former name is San Ángel, and the historic San Ángel neighborhood still retains this name, as does the Televisa San Angel motion picture and television studio, which is located in this municipality, which also includes the well-known upscale commercial neighborhoods Santa Fe, Jardines del Pedregal as well as Colonia Florida.
Elam Vangilder
Elam Russell Vangilder (April 23, 1896 – April 30, 1977) was an American professional baseball pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1919–1929. He played for the St. Louis Browns and Detroit Tigers.

An effective pitcher despite his high walk rate, Vangilder compiled a 99–102 record with a 4.28 ERA in 367 major league appearances.

Vangilder was an above-average hitter for a pitcher and was occasionally used as a pinch hitter. He finished his career with a .243 batting average (146-for-601) with 61 runs scored, 8 home runs, and 50 RBI. His best year with the bat was 1922 when he hit .344 (32-for-93) with 2 home runs and 11 RBI for the St. Louis Browns.

After his playing career, Vangilder returned to his hometown of Cape Girardeau, Missouri, where he lived out his life on his dairy farm until his death at age 81.

Cape Girardeau, Missouri
Cape Girardeau (/dʒɪˈrɑːrdoʊ/ jirr-AR-doh, French: Cap-Girardeau [kap ʒiʁaʁdo] ⓘ; colloquially referred to as "Cape") is a city in Cape Girardeau and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 39,540 at the 2020 census, making it the 17th-largest city in the state. It is a principal city of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson metropolitan area with 97,517 residents. Cape Girardeau is the economic center of southeastern Missouri and the home of Southeast Missouri State University. It is located approximately 100 miles (160 km) southeast of St. Louis and 150 miles (240 km) north of Memphis, Tennessee.
1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
The 1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland produced the first major electoral appearance of the Home Rule League under chairman Isaac Butt. The party's electoral success, in which it won 60 MPs, taking control of Irish electoral politics from the previously dominant Conservative and the Liberal parties was, the beginning of a dominance that was to see the party as the Irish Parliamentary Party control the political landscape in Ireland until its wipeout in the 1918 general election.

However its success in 1874 was marred by the lack of unity within the party in the House of Commons, where many of its members in effect sat as Liberal MPs and voted against their own Irish colleagues. It was not until then chairman Charles Stewart Parnell in the early 1880s introduced a strict whip that the party began to exercise serious influence, and act as a unit, at Westminster.

Irish Parliamentary Party
The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills.
Oil
Oil is a liquid with varying degrees of viscosity depending on temperature. Oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) and lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated lipids that are liquid at room temperature.

The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be volatile or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical purposes (e.g., mineral oil), lubrication (e.g. motor oil), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents.

Whale oil
Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales. Oil from the bowhead whale was sometimes known as train-oil, which comes from the Dutch word traan ("tear drop").

Sperm oil, a special kind of oil found in the head cavities of sperm whales, differs chemically from ordinary whale oil: it is composed mostly of liquid wax. Its properties and applications differ from those of detergentized whale oil, and it was sold for a higher price.
Giardino Botanico Alpino San Marco
The Giardino Botanico Alpino San Marco (1 hectare) is an alpine nature preserve and botanical garden located at 1040 meters altitude, at Km 44 of SP 46, Pian delle Fugazze, Malga Prà, Valli del Pasubio, Province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. It is open at weekends during the warmer months.

The garden was established in 1961, and managed by the mountain community of Leogra-Timonchio. About one third of the garden is covered by beech forest; the remainder contains a mountain meadow, man-made wetlands, and a rock garden. Its plants are almost entirely local to the surrounding Dolomites and Venetian Alps.

Valli del Pasubio
Valli del Pasubio is a town in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. It is north of SP46.

The town is a tourist destination. On the background of Valli, from right to left, are the Pasubio massif (whose highest peak is Cima Palon, also called Monte Pasubion), the Baffelan-Tre Apostoli-Cornetto (Group of Sengio Alto) group and finally, on the left, the Carega group: all are destinations for excursions and for climbing.
Alet Island
Alet Island, also known as Alei Island, is a small island in the Caroline Islands. It contains a lighthouse built by the Japanese on its west side, which is a registered building.  USS Tinosa (SS-283) bombarded a radio station on Alet Island during World War II, and USS Tunny (SS-282) also patrolled off Alet Island. To Island and Elangeb Island are small islands just to the northeast. Poluwat Island lies to the east, and Sau Island to the southeast. Alet and Poluwat was formerly thought of as just one island named Kata before it was decided it was two. Enderby Bank is a reef about 5 miles west northwest of the island.

USS Tunny (SS-282)
USS Tunny (SS/SSG/APSS/LPSS-282) was a Gato-class submarine which saw service in World War II and in the Vietnam War. Tunny received nine battle stars and two Presidential Unit Citations for her World War II service and five battle stars for her operations during the Vietnam War. Tunny was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the tunny, any of several oceanic fishes resembling the mackerel.
Ainokaze Toyama Railway
The Ainokaze Toyama Railway (あいの風とやま鉄道株式会社, Ainokaze Toyama Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese third-sector railway operating company established in 2012 to operate passenger railway services on the section of the JR West Hokuriku Main Line within Toyama Prefecture when it was separated from the JR West network in March 2015, coinciding with the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen extension from Nagano to Kanazawa. The company was founded on 24 July 2012, and has its headquarters in Toyama in Toyama Prefecture.

Toyama (city)
Toyama (富山市, Toyama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [toꜜ.ja.ma, to.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in the Chūbu region on central Honshū, about 200 km (120 mi) north of the city of Nagoya and 300 km (190 mi) northwest of Tokyo. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 415,844 in 176,643 households, and a population density of 335 persons per km2. Its total area was 1,241.77 square kilometres (479.45 sq mi). The city has been designated an environmental model city by the national government for its efforts to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
Aidenbachstraße station
Aidenbachstraße is an U-Bahn station in Munich on the U3. The station was opened on 28 October 1989.

In 2014, construction was expected to start on a 8.3 kilometres (5.2 mi) tangential extension of route 17 of the Munich tramway from its existing terminus at Romansplatz to an interchange at Aidenbachstraße station. A construction permit was granted in 2023, with full completion of the construction being expected in 2028.

Trams in Munich
The Munich tramway (German: Straßenbahn München) is the tramway network for the city of Munich in Germany. Today it is operated by the municipally owned Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (the Munich Transport Company, or MVG) and is known officially and colloquially as the Tram. Previous operators have included Société Anonyme des Tramways de Munich, the Münchner Trambahn-Aktiengesellschaft, the Städtische Straßenbahnen and the Straßenbahn München.

The tram network interconnects with the MVG's bus network, the Munich U-Bahn and the Munich S-Bahn, all of which use a common tariff as part of the Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund (Munich Transport and Tariff Association, or MVV) transit area.

As of 2012, the daytime tram network comprises 13 lines and is 79 kilometres (49 mi) long with 165 stops. There is also a night tram service with four routes. The network is operated by 106 trams (as of 2012), and transported 98 million people in 2010 and 104 million people in 2012.