hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grand Rapids, Minnesota
Grand Rapids is a city in, and the county seat of, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 11,126 at the 2020 census. The city is named for the 3.5-mile (5.6 km) long rapids in the Mississippi River which was the uppermost limit of practical steamboat travel during the late 19th century. Today the rapids are hidden below the dam of UPM Paper Company.

Mesabi Range
47°30′N 93°4′W﻿ / ﻿47.500°N 93.067°W﻿ / 47.500; -93.067

The Mesabi Iron Range is a mining district and mountain range in northeastern Minnesota following an elongate trend containing large deposits of iron ore. It is the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota. First described in 1866, it is the chief iron ore mining district in the United States. The district is located largely in Itasca and Saint Louis counties. It has been extensively worked since 1892 and has seen a transition from high-grade direct shipping ores through gravity concentrates to the current industry exclusively producing taconite pellets. Production has been dominantly controlled by vertically integrated steelmakers since 1901 and therefore is dictated largely by US ironmaking capacity and demand.
M2 (game developer)
M2 Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 有限会社Ｍ２（エムツー）, Hepburn: Yūgengaisha emutsū) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher, best known for handling emulation of re-released games, such as some Sega Ages titles, Virtual Console titles for Nintendo systems, the 3D Classics series for the Nintendo 3DS and their ShotTriggers  range of classic STG games.
M2 has also created entirely new titles such as WiiWare games for Konami under the ReBirth moniker and more recently a new GG Aleste game. In addition, M2 currently holds the rights of Aleste series (except M.U.S.H.A., whose publishing rights are owned by Sega), all of SPS game plus software and all NEC Avenue and NEC Interchannel games on TurboGrafx-16 and variants, previously owned by Lightweight.

Fantasy Zone II: The Tears of Opa-Opa
Fantasy Zone II: The Tears of Opa-Opa is a 1987 horizontally scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Sega for the Master System. It was ported to the arcade, Famicom, and MSX2, and was remade for the System 16 hardware on a PlayStation 2 compilation in 2008. It was re-released on the Wii Virtual Console in North America on June 29, 2009. The player controls a sentient spaceship named Opa-opa who fights surreal invader enemies. Like the first Fantasy Zone, Fantasy Zone II departs from scrolling shooter themes with its bright colors and whimsical designs. For this reason, it is occasionally dubbed a "cute 'em up".
Ildus Fayzov
Ildus Akhmetovich Fayzov (also Faizov, Russian: Ильдус Ахметович Файзов, Tatar: Илдус Әхмәт улы Фәизов / Фәиз, romanized: İldus Əxmət ulı Fəizov / Fəiz; born January 29, 1963, Tatar ASSR) is a Tatar imam, the former mufti of the Republic of Tatarstan (2011–2013). On July 19 2012, Fayzov was the victim of a car bombing in Kazan, which was during the same day another Tatar imam Valiulla Yakupov was shot to death. Fayzov survived with injuries.

Before the incident, Fayzov had received death threats. Fayzov had been vocally against Wahhabism. He "introduced mandatory certification for imams of mosques, as a result of which imams suspected of preaching radical teachings lost their posts". The fundamentalist Islamic organization Hizb ut-Tahrir spoke negatively about Fayzov in their publications.

In 2013, Fayzov was replaced by Kamil Samigullin as the mufti of Tatarstan.

Valiulla Yakupov
Valiulla Makhmutovich Yakupov (Russian: Валиулла́ Махму́тович Яку́пов; Tatar: Вәлиулла Мәхмүт улы Якупов, romanized: Wäliulla Mäxmüt ulı Yakupow; 4 September 1963 – 19 July 2012) was a prominent Muslim cleric in Tatarstan, Russia, and the deputy to the Muslim province's chief mufti. He was also known as a strong critic of radical Islamist organisations which advocate Salafism, a radical form of Islam. According to news agency Interfax, Yakupov founded Russia's first Islamic literary publishing house. Yakupov was killed by suspected radical Islamists in 2012.
Albert Mkrtchyan
Albert Mkrtchyan (Armenian: Ալբերտ Մկրտչյան; February 27, 1937 – February 28, 2018) was an Armenian film director, screenwriter, actor, and recipient of the People's Artist of Armenia award (2003).

He was the younger brother of Soviet actor Frunzik Mkrtchyan.

Frunzik Mkrtchyan
Mher Musheghi Mkrtchyan (Armenian: Մհեր Մուշեղի Մկրտչյան; 4 July 1930 – 29 December 1993), better known by the name Frunzik (Armenian: Ֆրունզիկ; Russian: Фрунзик), a diminutive of his official given name Frunze, in honor of Mikhail Frunze, was an Armenian stage and film actor. Mkrtchyan is widely considered one of the greatest actors of the Soviet period among Armenians and the USSR as a whole. He received the prestigious People's Artist of the USSR award in 1984.
Carovilli
Carovilli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Campobasso and about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northeast of Isernia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,508 and an area of 41.6 square kilometres (16.1 sq mi).

The municipality of Carovilli contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Briccioso, Castiglione, Cerrosavino, Fontecurelli, and Pescorvaro.

Carovilli borders the following municipalities: Agnone, Miranda, Pescolanciano, Roccasicura, Vastogirardi.

Pescolanciano
Pescolanciano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Campobasso and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Isernia.

Pescolanciano borders the following municipalities: Agnone, Carovilli, Chiauci, Civitanova del Sannio, Miranda, Pietrabbondante, Sessano del Molise.

Sights include the Castello D'Alessandro, built perhaps around 583 during the reign of Lombard king Alboin, or later under Charlemagne.  The first historical mentions are from the 13th century. Located on the spur overlooking the town, it has a massive pentagonal plan.
Alfonso III of Asturias
Alfonso III (c. 848 – 20 December 910), called the Great (Spanish: el Magno), was king of Asturias from 866 until his death. He was the son and successor of Ordoño I. After his death, the Kingdom of Asturias was split between his sons, with García inheriting León, Ordoño inheriting Galicia, and Fruela inheriting Asturias.

In later sources, he is the earliest to be called "Emperor of Spain." He was also titled "Prince of all Galicia" (Princeps totius Galletiae).

Church of Santo Adriano de Tuñón
The Church of Santo Adriano de Tuñón (Spanish: Iglesia de Santo Adriano de Tuñón) is a Roman Catholic Pre-Romanesque church in the village of Tuñón, Asturias, Spain, dedicated to Saint Adrian.

The church is located on the bank of the River Trubia, next to an old Roman road. Founded on January 24, 891, by Alfonso III of Asturias and his wife  Jimena of Navarra as a monastery church, it went through large transformations at the beginnings of the 12th century. It was declared a Spanish national monument in June 1931.
Tai Hing (North) stop
Tai Hing (North) (Chinese: 大興 (北)) is an at-grade MTR Light Rail stop located at Tai Fong Street near Shi Hui Wen Secondary School, Tai Hing Estate, in Tuen Mun District. It began service on 18 September 1988 and belongs to Zone 2. It serves the north of Tai Hing Estate.

Tai Hing Estate
Tai Hing Estate (Chinese: 大興邨) is the second public housing estate and the oldest existing public housing estate in Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong. There are 8,602 flats on the estate with capacity to house 21,100 people.

It is also a district council constituency. It is a traditional strong pro-democratic area, having returned Albert Ho as district councillor in the Legislative Council.
Alpha Sports Productions
Alpha Street productions and later Alpha Sports Productions (ASP) were an Australian kit car and racing car manufacturer. It has made sports cars and open wheeler cars. Originally building cars based on the Lotus Seven but have evolved to construct their own distinctive designs.

Kit car
A kit car is an automobile available as a set of parts that a manufacturer sells and the buyer then assembles into a functioning car. Usually, many of the major mechanical systems such as the engine and transmission are sourced from donor vehicles or purchased new from other vendors. Kits vary in completeness, consisting of as little as a book of plans, or as much as a complete set with all components to assemble into a fully operational vehicle such as those from Caterham.
Missouri State University
Missouri State University (MSU or MO State), formerly Southwest Missouri State University, is a public university in Springfield, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1905 as the Fourth District Normal School, it is the state's second-largest university by enrollment, with an enrollment of 23,418 in the fall semester of 2023. The school also offers associate degree programs at two-year campus in West Plains, Missouri and a bachelor's degree in business program at Liaoning Normal University in China. The university operates a fruit research station in Mountain Grove, Missouri and a Department of Defense and Strategic Studies program in Fairfax, Virginia.

Missouri State University–West Plains
Missouri State University–West Plains is a public community college in West Plains, Missouri. It is a separately accredited campus of Missouri State University awarding two-year degrees. The fall 2023 enrollment was 1,772 students. Established in 1963, Missouri State University–West Plains has an open enrollment policy. It has an extended campus in Mountain Grove. Although the college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, it was placed on probation in July 2024 for not meeting HLC criteria related to academic rigor and quality.
Velocity (newspaper)
Velocity was a free, weekly newspaper published between December 3, 2003, and June 15, 2011, by The Courier-Journal of Louisville, Kentucky.

The full-color tabloid was distributed at 1,800 locations in a 13-county area in Kentucky and Southern Indiana.

Velocity was widely seen as an attempt by the Courier-Journal and its parent company, Gannett, to gain some of the market dominated by the Louisville Eccentric Observer, an alternative newsweekly.

Velocity targeted the 25-to-34-year-old age demographic. It was consciously non-political, although it occasionally covered hot-button issues such as the Iraq War, local and national elections, the ban on public smoking in Louisville, and gay life.

Regular weekly features included "The Bar Hopper", in which a local tavern was profiled; "The Party Crasher", a photo-story from the weekend's parties; and "What I'm Into", a mini-profile of a local person.

Velocity was discontinued during a round of budget cuts by Gannett.

Courier Journal
The Courier Journal, also known as the Louisville Courier Journal (and informally The C-J or The Courier), and called The Courier-Journal between November 8, 1868, and October 29, 2017, is a daily newspaper published in Louisville, Kentucky, and owned by USA Today Co., which bills it as "Part of the USA Today Network".

It is the newspaper with the highest number of recorded circulation in Kentucky. According to the 1999 Editor & Publisher International Yearbook, the paper is the 48th-largest daily paper in the United States.
Whittier Narrows
The Whittier Narrows is a narrows or water gap in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County, California, United States, between the Puente Hills to the east and the Montebello Hills to the west. The gap  is located at the southern boundary of the San Gabriel Valley, through which the Rio Hondo and the San Gabriel River flow to enter the Los Angeles Basin. The Narrows is located near the convergence of Interstate 605 (the San Gabriel River Freeway) and California State Route 60 (the Pomona Freeway).

Interstate 605
Interstate 605 (abbreviated I-605, officially known as the San Gabriel River Freeway and locally referred to as The 605) is a 27-mile-long (43 km) major north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway in the Greater Los Angeles urban area of Southern California. It runs from I-405 and State Route 22 (SR 22) in Seal Beach in Orange County to I-210 just south of the Irwindale–Duarte border in Los Angeles County. The San Gabriel River Freeway closely parallels the San Gabriel River for most of its alignment, hence its name, which is one of the few Southern California freeways not named after a city along its route.

Aside from changes to the interchange with I-105 (which did not open until the early 1990s), and the addition of an HOV lane between I-405 and I-10, I-605 is one of the only remaining freeways that kept its original alignment throughout its run through Los Angeles County since it first opened.
Scouting and Guiding in Uruguay
The Scout and Guide movement in Uruguay is served by

Asociación Guías Scout del Uruguay, former member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Movimiento Scout del Uruguay, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Scouts de Uruguay

Asociación Uruguaya de Escultismo

Conquistadores de la Iglesia Adventista, affiliated to Pathfinders

Union de Scouts Tradicionales de America Uruguay, member of the Order of World Scouts

Movimiento Scout del Uruguay
The Movimiento Scout del Uruguay (MSU) is the national Scouting organization of Uruguay, and a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. Scouting was founded in Uruguay in 1947 and became a member of WOSM in 1950. MSU has 1,549 members (as of 2011).

Asociación Scouts del Uruguay (ASU, Scout Association of Uruguay) and Asociación de Scouts Católicos del Uruguay (ASCU, Catholic Scouts of Uruguay) merged to form the Movimento Scout del Uruguay in 1994.
Nedging-with-Naughton
Nedging-with-Naughton is a civil parish in the Babergh district of the county of Suffolk, England. Located on the B1078 between Bildeston and Needham Market, it consists of three settlements;

Naughton

Nedging

Nedging Tye

The parish contains two areas classified as Ancient Woodland; Glebe Town Grove and Tyrell's Grove. Both sites are also nature reserves. In 2001 the population of the parish was 388, increasing to 404 at the 2011 Census. The parish was formed on 1 April 1935 from the parishes of "Nedging" and "Naughton" and part of Bildeston.

Nedging
Nedging is a village and former civil parish on the B1115 road, now in the parish of Nedging-with-Naughton, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The nearest town is Hadleigh, there is also the hamlet of Nedging Tye nearby. In 1931 the civil parish had a population of 155. On 1 April 1935 it was merged with Naughton to create Nedging-with-Naughton.

The parish church of St Mary is a Grade I listed medieval church.
Mathematics of general relativity
When studying and formulating Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, various mathematical structures and techniques are utilized. The main tools used in this geometrical theory of gravitation are tensor fields defined on a Lorentzian manifold representing spacetime. This article is a general description of the mathematics of general relativity.

Note: General relativity articles using tensors will use the abstract index notation.

Metric tensor (general relativity)
In general relativity, the metric tensor (in this context often abbreviated to simply the metric) is the fundamental object of study. The metric captures all the geometric and causal structure of spacetime, being used to define notions such as time, distance, volume, curvature, angle, and separation of the future and the past.

In general relativity, the metric tensor plays the role of the gravitational potential in the classical theory of gravitation, although the physical content of the associated equations is entirely different. Gutfreund and Renn say "that in general relativity the gravitational potential is represented by the metric tensor."
Premolar
The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth.  They have at least two cusps.  Premolars can be considered transitional teeth during chewing, or mastication. They have properties of both the canines, that lie anterior and molars that lie posterior, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars.

Permanent teeth
Permanent teeth or adult teeth are the second set of teeth formed in diphyodont mammals. In humans and old world simians, there are thirty-two permanent teeth, consisting of six maxillary and six mandibular molars, four maxillary and four mandibular premolars, two maxillary and two mandibular canines, four maxillary and four mandibular incisors.
Misra–Gries summary
In the field of streaming algorithms, Misra–Gries summaries are used to solve the frequent elements problem in the data stream model. That is, given a long stream of input that can only be examined once (and in some arbitrary order), the Misra-Gries algorithm can be used to compute which (if any) value makes up a majority of the stream, or more generally, the set of items that constitute some fixed fraction of the stream.

The term "summary" is due to Graham Cormode. The algorithm was presented by Misra and Gries alongside a different algorithm for finding frequent elements, the Misra–Gries heavy hitters algorithm.

Misra–Gries heavy hitters algorithm
Misra and Gries defined the heavy-hitters problem
(though they did not introduce the term heavy-hitters) and described the first algorithm
for it in the paper Finding repeated elements.  Their algorithm
extends the Boyer-Moore majority finding algorithm
in a significant way.

One version of the heavy-hitters problem is as follows: Given is a
bag b of n elements and an integer k ≥ 2. Find the values that
occur more than n ÷ k times in b. The Misra-Gries algorithm solves
the problem by making two passes over the values in b, while storing
at most k values from b and their number of occurrences during the
course of the algorithm.

Misra-Gries is one of the earliest streaming algorithms,
and it is described below in those terms in section #Summaries.
Malar flush
Malar flush is a plum-red discolouration of the high cheeks. It is classically associated with mitral valve stenosis due to the resulting CO2 retention and its vasodilatory effects. It can also be associated with lupus, polycythemia vera and homocystinuria.

Mitral stenosis
Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve of the heart. It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease. Normally, the mitral valve is about 5 cm2 during diastole. Any decrease in area below 2 cm2 causes mitral stenosis. Early diagnosis of mitral stenosis in pregnancy is very important as the heart cannot tolerate increased cardiac output demand as in the case of exercise and pregnancy. Atrial fibrillation is a common complication of resulting left atrial enlargement, which can lead to systemic thromboembolic complications such as stroke.
Georgia State Route 85
State Route 85 (SR 85) is a 96.7-mile-long (155.6 km) state highway in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels within portions of Muscogee, Harris, Talbot, Meriwether, Coweta, Fayette, and Clayton counties. It connects the Columbus and Forest Park areas, via Manchester, Woodbury, Senoia, Fayetteville, and Riverdale.

Harris County, Georgia
Harris County is a county located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia; its western border with the state of Alabama is formed by the Chattahoochee River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 34,668. The county seat is Hamilton. The largest city in the county is Pine Mountain, a resort town that is home to the Franklin D. Roosevelt State Park (the largest state park in Georgia). Harris County was created on December 14, 1827, and named for Charles Harris, a Georgia judge and attorney. Harris County is part of the Columbus, GA-AL metropolitan area and has become a popular suburban and exurban destination of residence for families relocating from Columbus. Because of this, Harris has become the sixth-wealthiest county in Georgia in terms of per capita income and the third-wealthiest in the state outside of Metro Atlanta.
Cornwall Aces
The Cornwall Aces were the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the National Hockey League's Quebec Nordiques from 1993 to 1995 and the relocated Colorado Avalanche in 1995–96. They were based in the eastern Ontario city of Cornwall and played at the Ed Lumley Arena inside the Cornwall Civic Complex. After one season being affiliated with Colorado, the franchise went dormant for three seasons, while the Avalanche transferred players to their other affiliate, the Hershey Bears. The franchise was resurrected in 1999 as the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins.

The Cornwall Aces won two division titles during their three-year stay in Cornwall. Coaches were Bob Hartley, who would coach the Colorado Avalanche, the Atlanta Thrashers and the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League, and Jacques Martin, former head coach of the NHL's Ottawa Senators and Montreal Canadiens.

Cornwall Civic Complex
Cornwall Civic Complex is a sports facility located in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada. The complex contains an NHL-sized rink named the Ed Lumley Arena that was built in 1976. The complex also features a swimming pool which was opened in September 2005. The Ed Lumley Arena is the home of the Cornwall Colts of the Central Canada Hockey League (CCHL).
Virginia State Route 135
State Route 135 (SR 135) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Known as College Drive, the state highway runs 2.20 miles (3.54 km) from U.S. Route 17 (US 17) north to the entrance of Tidewater Community College, where the highway continues as SR 367, within the independent city of Suffolk.  In addition to providing access to the community college's Suffolk location, SR 135 connects US 17 with SR 164 and Interstate 664 (I-664).

Interstate 664
Interstate 664 (I-664) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in the US state of Virginia. The Interstate runs 20.79 miles (33.46 km) from I-64 and I-264 in Chesapeake north to I-64 in Hampton. I-664 forms the west side of the Hampton Roads Beltway, a circumferential highway serving the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. The Interstate crosses Hampton Roads via the Monitor–Merrimac Memorial Bridge–Tunnel (MMMBT) between Suffolk and Newport News. I-664 is connected to the other major cities of the metropolitan area—Portsmouth, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach—by I-264. The Interstate also has a connection to Portsmouth through State Route 164 (SR 164) and to Suffolk via U.S. Route 13 (US 13), US 58, and US 460.
Mack Ray Edwards
Mack Ray Edwards (October 17, 1918 – October 30, 1971) was an American child molester and serial killer who molested and murdered at least six children in Los Angeles County, California, between 1953 and 1970. Sentenced to death, he hanged himself in his prison cell.

Sylmar, Los Angeles
Sylmar is a suburban neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley and the northernmost neighborhood within the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. Historically known for its profusion of sylvan olive orchards, Sylmar can trace this back to the 18th century and the founding of the San Fernando Mission. In 1890, olive production was begun systematically. The Sylmar climate was also considered healthy, and so a sanitarium was established, the first in a series of hospitals in the neighborhood. There are fourteen public and eight private schools within Sylmar.