hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Senet (queen)
Senet was an ancient Egyptian king's wife and king's mother, known from three statues, that date to the Middle Kingdom, perhaps to the 12th Dynasty. Her husband and royal son are not known for sure. The statues show the queen sitting on a throne. For two of the statues the upper part is missing. A third statue preserves the upper part but the face is heavily damaged. Gae Callender proposed king Amenemhat II as her husband, as his wife is not yet identified for sure, while for most other 12th Dynasty kings a wife is known.

Amenemhat II
Amenemhat II, also known as Amenemhet II (died c. 1895 BC) was the third king of the 12th Dynasty of Egypt. Amenemhat II was known by his prenomen Nubkaure,. Although he ruled for at least 35 years, his reign is rather obscure, as well as his family relationships.
Cicindela goryi
Cicindela goryi is a species of tiger beetle from southern India. It was earlier treated as a subspecies of the closely related Cicindela aurofasciata.

Unlike in Cicindela aurofasciata, goryi has the two yellow elytral bands broad and fused to form a cross. They have a wider distribution and are found in the plains of peninsular India unlike aurofasciata which is found in the Western Ghats.

The name goryi derives from the collections of H. L. Gory from which Maximilien Chaudoir described the species.

Tiger beetle
Tiger beetles or the Cicindelidae are a family of beetles known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle, Rivacindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph; 2.5 m/s), or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, a sister group to Carabidae, within the Adephaga.
Culp, Pennsylvania
Culp is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located in Tyrone Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located on Kettle Road (Route 1013) at the intersection with Golf Course Road (Route 1015).

Culp is less than one mile to the east of historic Fort Roberdeau, and approximately 2.5 miles southwest of Tytoona Cave. It is located in Sinking Valley and is near Skelp, another small unincorporated community. Sinking Run flows through Culp.

Blair County, Pennsylvania
Blair County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 122,822. Its county seat is Hollidaysburg, and its largest city is Altoona. The county was created on February 26, 1846, from parts of Huntingdon and Bedford counties. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Blair County comprises the Altoona, PA metropolitan statistical area. It is also part of the Altoona-Huntingdon, PA Combined Statistical Area, which includes Blair and Huntingdon counties.
Robert C. Calfee
Robert Chilton Calfee (January 26, 1933 – October 23, 2014) was an American educational psychologist specializing in the study of reading and writing processes and instruction. He is known for his work on Project Read and the LeapFrog learning system.

LeapFrog Enterprises
LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. is an educational entertainment and electronics company based in Emeryville, California. LeapFrog designs, develops, and markets technology-based learning products and related content for the education of children from infancy through grade school. The company was founded by Michael Wood and Robert Lally in 1994. John Barbour is the chief executive officer of LeapFrog.
Eddyville–Blakesburg Community School District
Eddyville–Blakesburg Community School District (EBCSD) was a school district headquartered in Eddyville, Iowa.

The district was within Mahaska, Monroe, and Wapello counties, with an additional small section in Davis County. It served Eddyville, Blakesburg, Chillicothe, and Kirkville.

Wapello County, Iowa
Wapello County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,437. The county seat and the largest city is Ottumwa. The county was formed on February 17, 1843, and named for Wapello, a Meskwaki chief.

Wapello County is included in the Ottumwa, IA Micropolitan statistical area.
Stevie Wonder's Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants"
Stevie Wonder's Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants" is an album by Stevie Wonder, originally released on the Tamla Motown label on October 30, 1979. It is the soundtrack to the documentary The Secret Life of Plants, directed by Walon Green, which was based on the book of the same name by Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird. It contains two singles that reached the Billboard Hot 100 charts: "Send One Your Love" (No. 4) and the minor hit "Outside My Window" (No. 52). The single "Black Orchid" reached No. 63 in the UK.

Syreeta Wright
Syreeta Wright (born Rita Wright, February 28, 1946 – July 6, 2004), known as Syreeta, was an American singer-songwriter, best known for her music during the early 1970s through the early 1980s. Wright's career heights were songs in collaboration with her ex-husband Stevie Wonder and musical artist Billy Preston.
Zwolle
Zwolle (Dutch: [ˈzʋɔlə] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Overijssel and the province's second-largest municipality, after Enschede, and has a population of 132,441 as of December 2023. Zwolle borders the province of Gelderland and lies on the eastern side of the River IJssel.

Herman Brood
Hermanus "Herman" Brood  (Dutch pronunciation: [ɦɛrˈmaːnʏs ˈɦɛrmɑm ˈbroːt]; 5 November 1946 – 11 July 2001) was a Dutch musician, painter, actor and poet. As a musician he achieved artistic and commercial success in the 1970s and 1980s, and was called "the greatest and only Dutch rock 'n' roll star". Later in life he started a successful career as a painter.

Known for his hedonistic lifestyle of "sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll", Brood was an enfant terrible and a cultural figure whose suicide by jumping from a hotel roof, apparently influenced by a failure to kick his drug and alcohol habit, strengthened his controversial status; according to a poll organised to celebrate fifty years of Dutch popular music, it was the most significant event in its history.
To the Lost
"To the Lost" is the twelfth episode of the second season of HBO television series Boardwalk Empire and the season finale, which premiered on HBO December 11, 2011. The episode was written by series creator Terence Winter and directed by Tim Van Patten, both executive producers.

The episode received wide critical acclaim, particularly for Michael Pitt's performance, Tim Van Patten's direction and Terence Winter's writing.

Terence Winter
Terence Patrick Winter (born October 2, 1960) is an American writer and producer of television and film. He was the creator, writer, and executive producer of the HBO television series Boardwalk Empire (2010–2014). Before creating Boardwalk Empire, Winter was a writer and executive producer for the HBO television series The Sopranos, from the show's second to sixth and final season (2000–2007).

In 2013, Winter wrote the screenplay to Martin Scorsese's The Wolf of Wall Street for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He was also the co-creator, writer and executive producer of another HBO television drama series, Vinyl (2016), which ran for one season. He is an executive producer and writer on the Paramount+ crime series Tulsa King with Taylor Sheridan.
Yang Jingyu
Yang Jingyu (February 13, 1905 – February 23, 1940), born Ma Shangde, was a Chinese communist, military commander and political commissar who led the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. His troops waged a guerrilla war against Japanese forces in Manchukuo (Manchuria) who were attempting to suppress resistance in the region.

Counterinsurgency in Manchuria
The Counterinsurgency in Manchuria (also referred to as the Pacification of Manchukuo by some sources) was a Japanese counterinsurgency campaign to suppress any armed resistance to the newly established puppet state of Manchukuo from various anti-Japanese volunteer armies in occupied Manchuria and later the communist Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army.  The operations were carried out by the Imperial Japanese Kwantung Army and the collaborationist forces of the Manchukuo government from March 1932 until 1942, and resulted in a Japanese victory.
The Island of the Mapmaker's Wife
The Island of the Mapmaker's Wife is a 2001 British-Dutch film directed by Michie Gleason, with a screenplay by Michie Gleason based on a short story by Marilyn Sides which  appeared in the 1990 O. Henry Prize Stories collection.

Marilyn Sides
Marilyn Sides is an American writer and a senior lecturer in the English Department of Wellesley College, Massachusetts where she teaches creative writing and literature courses.

Her collection of short stories, The Island of the Mapmaker's Wife and Other Tales (Harmony), was published in 1996. The title story was selected to appear in the 1990 O. Henry Prize Stories collection and inspired the 2001 British-Dutch feature film The Island of the Mapmaker's Wife by Michie Gleason. Her first novel, The Genius of Affection (Harmony), appeared in 1999.
Suzanne de Passe
Suzanna Celeste de Passe (born July 19, 1946, 1947 or 1948) is an American businesswoman, television, music and film producer. De Passe serves as the co-chairwoman of de Passe Jones Entertainment Group.

Women in Film Honors
The Women in Film Honors (also known as WIF Honors; formerly Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards)—first presented in 1977 by the now–Los Angeles chapter of the Women in Film organization—are presented to honor women in communications and media. The awards include the Crystal Award, the Lucy Award, the Dorothy Arzner Directors Award, the MaxMara Face of the Future Award, and the Kodak Vision Award.
Bud Ellor
Albert Wesley "Bud" Ellor (1905 – February 11, 1932) was an American professional football player who spent one season in the National Football League with the Newark Tornadoes in 1930. Ellor appeared in all 12 games the team played, starting six of them.

Born in Bloomfield, New Jersey, Ellor attended Bloomfield High School and played for the Bucknell Bison football team.

Bloomfield High School (New Jersey)
Bloomfield High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in Bloomfield, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Bloomfield Public Schools. The school was established in 1871, with its current facility completed in 1911.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 2,055 students and 158.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.0:1. There were 885 students (43.1% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 148 (7.2% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Crabb v Arun DC
Crabb v Arun District Council [1975] EWCA Civ 7 is a leading English land law and contract case concerning "proprietary estoppel". Lord Denning MR affirmed that where agreements concern the acquisition of rights over land, there is no need for both parties to provide a consideration for upholding the bargain. While promissory estoppel cannot found a cause of action it was held that in the peculiar situation of land, consideration is not necessary at all.

Proprietary estoppel
Proprietary estoppel is a legal claim, especially connected to English land law, which may arise in relation to rights to use the property of the owner. It may even be effective in connection with disputed transfers of ownership. Proprietary estoppel transfers rights if

someone is given a clear assurance that they will acquire a right over property,

they reasonably rely on the assurance,

they act substantially to their detriment on the strength of the assurance, and

it would be unconscionable to go back on the assurance.

If these elements of assurance, reliance and detriment, and unconscionability are present, the usual remedy will be that the property will be transferred to the claimant, if the court views the reliance to warrant a claim in all the circumstances.
Goin' Home (Fats Domino song)
"Goin' Home" is a song written by Fats Domino and Imperial Records producer Alvin Young. It was recorded by Domino in January 1952 and issued as a single by Imperial in March of that year.  After debuting on April 26, 1952, the single reached No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard Best Selling Rhythm & Blues Records chart and became his first to top the record charts.

"Goin' Home" also reached No. 3 on Billboard's Most Played Juke Box Rhythm & Blues Records chart, and No. 30 on its broader Hot 100.  Chart compiler Joel Whitburn identifies the single as "a reported million seller". In March 1956, "Goin' Home" was included on Domino's first compilation album, Rock and Rollin' with Fats Domino.

Rock and Rollin' with Fats Domino
Rock and Rollin' with Fats Domino is the debut studio album by rock and roll pianist and vocalist Fats Domino, compiling a number of his hits and other material, some of which would soon become hits. All included recordings have been released previously on Imperial Records singles from 1950 to 1956. The album, which featured a 
woodcut portrait of the musician, reached No. 17 on the Billboard "Pop Albums" chart. It is believed to have been produced by engineer Bunny Robyn due to the notation on the cover "A Robyn Recording".
Balderas metro station
Balderas is an underground station on the Mexico City Metro. It is located in the Cuauhtémoc borough in the center of Mexico City. It is a transfer station along Lines 1 and 3. Between 2023 and 2024, the Line 1 station was closed for modernization work on the tunnel and the line's technical equipment.

Colonia Doctores
Colonia Doctores (English: Doctors' Colony) is an official neighborhood just southwest of the historic center of Mexico City. It is bordered by Avenida Cuauhtémoc to the west, across from Belen Street to the north, Eje Central to the east and Eje 3 Sur José Peón Contreras to the south.
CopA-like RNA
CopA-like RNA is a family of non-coding RNAs found on the R1 plasmid.

In several groups of bacterial plasmids, antisense RNAs regulate copy number through inhibition of replication initiator protein synthesis. These RNAs are characterised by a long hairpin structure interrupted by several unpaired nucleotides or bulged loops. In plasmid R1, the inhibitory complex between the antisense RNA (CopA) and its target mRNA (CopT) is characterised by a four-way junction structure and a side-by-side helical alignment.

R1 plasmid
The R1 plasmid is a plasmid that was first isolated from Salmonella paratyphi bacteria in 1963. It is a short plasmid, composed of 97,566 nucleotides and 120 genes, that belongs to the IncFII plasmid group. There are about one to two copies of the R1 plasmid per chromosome. 
The R1 plasmid imparts multi-drug antibiotic resistance to its host bacteria. The "R" in "R1" stands for "resistance", and the R1 plasmid contains resistance factors, or R factors, giving it the power to resist certain antibiotics.

It's known as a "low copy" plasmid, meaning that it exists in relatively few copies in any given bacteria. This characteristic allows the R1 plasmid to have an efficient plasmid stabilization system, that aids in stabilizing medium copy number plasmids.  R1 must rely on a "Type II" segregation system. This plasmid system ensures that at least one copy is contained in each daughter cell after cell division.
Glasgow Central (UK Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Central was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 2024. A Glasgow Central constituency existed from 1885 until its abolition in 1997. Prior to the 2005 general election, boundary changes led to a new constituency named Glasgow Central being introduced. The constituency was abolished again prior to the 2024 general election. Prior to its abolition, the seat was held by Alison Thewliss of the Scottish National Party (SNP). The first iteration of this constituency was the seat of the former Conservative Prime Minister Bonar Law, who was the shortest-serving UK Prime Minister of the twentieth century.

Alison Thewliss
Alison Emily Thewliss (born 13 September 1982) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician. She was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Central from the May 2015 general election until 2024.

Before being elected to Westminster, Thewliss was a Glasgow City Councillor for the Calton ward, first elected in 2007. During her time as a councillor, she served as the SNP's Spokesperson on Land and Environmental Services. From 2020 to 2022, she led for the SNP on the Economy in Westminster.

On 3 December 2022, Thewliss announced her decision to stand as leader of the SNP's 44 sitting MPs at Westminster following the resignation of Ian Blackford. She was defeated by Stephen Flynn by 26 votes to 17. On 10 December 2022, Flynn appointed her SNP Spokesperson for Home Affairs.
2002 Rose Bowl
The 2002 Rose Bowl, played on January 3, 2002, was a college football bowl game. It was the 88th Rose Bowl game and was the BCS National Championship Game of the 2001 college football season.  The game featured the Miami Hurricanes and the Nebraska Cornhuskers, marking the first time since the 1919 Rose Bowl, and only the third time in the game's history, that neither the Big Ten nor the Pac-10 Conferences had a representative in this game. The Hurricanes won the game, 37–14, for their fifth national title. Miami quarterback Ken Dorsey and wide receiver Andre Johnson were named the Rose Bowl Players of the Game.

Andre Johnson
Andre Lamont Johnson (born July 11, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for 14 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Houston Texans. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, and was selected by the Texans third overall in the 2003 NFL draft. He is 11th all-time in NFL career receptions, and in NFL receiving yards. Playing his first 12 years with Houston, Johnson holds nearly every Texans receiving record. He was also a member of the Indianapolis Colts and Tennessee Titans, playing one season with each team.

During his career, Johnson was a seven-time NFL Pro Bowler, named to four All-Pro teams, and emerged as one of the NFL's most productive wide receivers of his era. In 2024, Johnson was selected for induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, becoming the first player to start their career with the Texans to be inducted.
Beaver Mill
Beaver Mill is a historic mill located in North Adams, Massachusetts.  With a construction history dating to 1833, it is the oldest surviving mill building in the city, and was the first local acquisition of Sprague Electric, a major local employer in the 20th century.  The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.  The complex now houses artist studios and other facilities.

North Adams, Massachusetts
North Adams is a city in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its population was 12,961 as of the 2020 census. Best known as the home of the largest contemporary art museum in the United States, the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, North Adams has in recent years become a center for tourism, culture and recreation.
Matsui Munenobu
Matsui Munenobu (松井 宗信, 1515 – June 12, 1560) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period. He was also known as Matsui Gohachirō. Born the son of Matsui Sadamune, he was a retainer of the Imagawa clan. After the death of his brother in the year Eiroku-2 (1559), he became lord of Futamata Castle in Tōtōmi Province. The next year, he joined Imagawa Yoshimoto's army on its march to Kyoto, and was killed en route by Oda forces at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560.

His son, Munetsune, would go on to serve the Takeda Clan.

Imagawa Yoshimoto
Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川 義元; 1519 – June 12, 1560) was a Japanese samurai and daimyō (feudal lord) of the Sengoku period. Based in Suruga Province, he was known as The number one archer in the Tōkaidō (海道一の弓取り, Kaidō-ichi no Yumitori); he was one of the three daimyō that dominated the Tōkaidō region. He died in 1560 while marching to Kyoto. He was killed in the village of Dengakuhazama in Okehazama by Oda Nobunaga.
Republic of Swellendam
The Republic of Swellendam was founded in 1795 when dissatisfaction towards the Dutch East India Company caused the burghers of Swellendam to revolt, and on 17 June 1795 they declared themselves a republic. Hermanus Steyn was appointed as President of the Republic of Swellendam. The burghers of Swellendam started to call themselves "national burghers" – after the style of the French Revolution. However, the Republic was short-lived and was ended on 4 November 1795 when the Cape was occupied by the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Hermanus Steyn
Hermanus Steyn (15 February 1743, Swellendam – 1804, Swellendam) was a Boer political leader and the President of the short-lived Republic of Swellendam. When the rule of the Dutch East India Company fell in 1795 and the Swellendam citizens called their own Republic into existence, he was elected as president. A few months after the arrival of the British, an end was made to this Republic.
Non-convexity (economics)
In economics, non-convexity refers to violations of the convexity assumptions of elementary economics. Basic economics textbooks concentrate on consumers with convex preferences (that do not prefer extremes to in-between values) and convex budget sets and on producers with convex production sets; for convex models, the predicted economic behavior is well understood.  When convexity assumptions are violated, then many of the good properties of competitive markets need not hold: Thus, non-convexity is associated with market failures, where supply and demand differ or where market equilibria can be inefficient. Non-convex economies are studied with nonsmooth analysis, which is a generalization of convex analysis.

Harold Hotelling
Harold Hotelling (/ˈhoʊtəlɪŋ/; September 29, 1895 – December 26, 1973) was an American mathematical statistician and an influential economic theorist, known for Hotelling's law, Hotelling's lemma, and Hotelling's rule in economics, as well as Hotelling's T-squared distribution in statistics. He also developed and named the principal component analysis method widely used in finance, statistics and computer science.

He was associate professor of mathematics at Stanford University from 1927 until 1931, a member of the faculty of Columbia University from 1931 until 1946, and a professor of Mathematical Statistics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1946 until his death. A street in Chapel Hill bears his name. In 1972, he received the North Carolina Award for contributions to science.
Gum Tree, Kentucky
Gum Tree is an unincorporated community located in Monroe County, Kentucky, United States. It is concentrated around the intersection of Kentucky Route 678, Kentucky Route 870, and Kentucky Route 1366, northwest of Tompkinsville, north of Gamaliel, west of Mud Lick, Kentucky, and east of Flippin, Kentucky.  Gum Tree is home to one of Monroe County's voting precincts, which had over 900 registered voters as of 2014.

Monroe County, Kentucky
Monroe County is a county located in the Eastern Pennyroyal Plateau region of the U.S. state of Kentucky. Its county seat is Tompkinsville. The county is named for President James Monroe. It was a prohibition or dry county until November 7, 2023, when voters approved the sale of alcohol.