hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Judah (jurist)
Samuel Judah (1798/9 – April 29, 1869) was an American lawyer and politician. Born either July 10, 1788, or July 18, 1799, son of Benjamin S. Judah, a doctor, he graduated in 1816 in Law from Rutgers University (then Queen's College) the first Jew to do so. He was called to the bar the same year. He lived in Vincennes, Indiana, but practiced law nationally. He was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives from 1827 to 1829. In 1830 he was the United States Attorney for the District of Indiana.  He was once again in the House of Representatives from 1839 to 1841, and was Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives in 1840.

United States Attorney for the District of Indiana
The United States attorney for the District of Indiana was responsible for representing the United States in the United States District Court for the District of Indiana. The U.S. attorney prosecuted criminal cases and acted on behalf of the federal government both defending and prosecuting civil cases.  The District of Indiana was created on March 3, 1817. The longest established district, at 111 years, it was finally  divided into the Northern District of Indiana and the Southern District of Indiana on April 21, 1928.
Ad Turres (Byzacena)
Turres in Byzacena was a Roman and Vandal era colonia (city) in North Africa.

The exact location of the town is unknown but is probably the ruins at Tamarza or nearby ruins of Msilica. Tamarza is located close to the Algerian border, 70 km from Tozeur and is surrounded by steep and arid wild country. The site is renowned for its clear water cascades and springs that irrigate the town's park.

Tozeur
Tozeur (Arabic: توزر, romanized: Tūzirⓘ; Berber languages: ⵜⵓⵣⴻⵔ, romanized: Tuzər) is a city in southwest Tunisia. The city is located northwest of Chott el Djerid, in between this Chott and the smaller Chott el Gharsa. It is the capital of Tozeur Governorate. It was the site of the ancient city and former bishopric Tusuros, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography
The Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography is an award presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India to the best dance choreographer in Malayalam film industry. It was introduced in 2005 onward. The awards are managed by the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, an autonomous non-profit institution functioning under the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala. The winner receive a certificate, statuette and a cash prize of ₹50,000.

Kerala State Film Awards
The Kerala State Film Awards  are the film awards for a motion picture made in Kerala. The awards were begun in 1969 by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala and since 1998 the awards have been bestowed by Kerala State Chalachitra Academy on behalf of the Department of Cultural Affairs.

The awardees are decided by an independent jury formed by the academy and the Department of Cultural Affairs, Kerala. The jury usually consists of eminent personalities from the film field. For the awards for literature on cinema a separate jury is formed. The academy annually invites films for the award and the jury analyses the films that are submitted before deciding the winners. The awards intend to promote films with artistic values and encourage artists, technicians and producers. The awards are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister of Kerala.
Kuroshio (train)
The Kuroshio (くろしお) is a limited express train service in Japan connecting Kyoto, Shin-Osaka, Tennōji, Wakayama, Kii-Tanabe, Shirahama, and Shingu via the Tokaido Main Line (JR Kyoto Line), Osaka Loop Line, Hanwa Line, and Kisei Line (Kinokuni Line), operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). This article also covers the derivative limited express trains, "Super Kuroshio (スーパーくろしお)" and "Ocean Arrow (オーシャンアロー)", the names of which were discontinued from start of the revised timetable on 17 March 2012.

JR Kyōto Line
The JR Kyōto Line (JR京都線, JR Kyōto-sen) is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The name applies to the section of the Tōkaidō Main Line between Kyōto Station and Ōsaka Station.

The Kyōto Line operates in combination with the Biwako Line and the JR Kobe Line, and offers through service trains to the Kosei Line and the JR Takarazuka Line.
Kendall/MIT station
Kendall/MIT station (signed as Kendall) is an underground rapid transit station in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is served by the MBTA Red Line.  Located at the intersection of Main Street and Broadway, it is named for the primary areas it serves - the Kendall Square business district and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Opened in March 1912 as part of the original Cambridge subway, Kendall/MIT has two side platforms serving the line's two tracks. The Kendall Band, a public art installation of hand-operated musical sculptures, is located between the tracks in the station with controls located on the platforms. Kendall/MIT station is accessible. With 17,018 weekday boardings by a FY2019 count, Kendall/MIT has the fourth highest ridership among MBTA subway stations.

Arts on the Line
Arts on the Line was a program devised to bring art into the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) subway stations in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arts on the Line was the first program of its kind in the United States and became the model for similar drives for art across the country. The first twenty artworks were completed in 1985 with a total cost of US$695,000, or one half of one percent of the total construction cost of the Red Line Northwest Extension, of which they were a part.: 5

After the first 20 artworks were installed, Arts on the Line continued facilitating the installation of artwork in or around at least 12 more stations on the MBTA as well as undertaking a temporary art program for stations under renovation, known as "Artstops". Artworks are included in the six new Green Line Extension stations as well.
Puan Noor Aishah
Noor Aishah binti Mohammad Salim PBC (21 May 1933 – 22 April 2025), commonly known as Puan Noor Aishah, was the wife of Yusof Ishak, the first president of Singapore. She took the role as First Lady of Singapore between 1965 and 1970.

Spouse of the president of Singapore
The spouse of the president of Singapore, sometimes referred to as the first lady or first gentleman, is a title typically held by the wife or husband of the president of Singapore, concurrent with the president's term in office. A courtesy term not enshrined in the Constitution, the spouse's role has never been codified or officially defined, but nevertheless figures prominently in the political and social life of Singapore.

By tradition, an official portrait of the spouse of the president of Singapore is prominently displayed in government buildings and public institutions alongside the portrait of the president. Jane Yumiko Ittogi is currently the spouse of the ninth President of Singapore, after her husband Tharman Shanmugaratnam won the 2023 presidential election with 70% of the valid votes.
Photophthalmia
Photophthalmia ( pho·toph·thal·mia (fōt″of-thal´me-ah) ) is ophthalmia or inflammation of the eye, especially of the cornea and conjunctiva due to exposure to intense light of short wavelength (as ultraviolet light), as in snow blindness.

It involves occurrence of multiple epithelial erosions due to the effect of ultraviolet rays,  especially between 311 and 290 nm. Snow blindness occurs due to reflection of ultraviolet rays from snow surface. Photoretinitis is another form that can occur due to infra-red rays (eclipse burn of retina).

Ophthalmia
Ophthalmia (/ɒpˈθælmiə/; also called ophthalmitis, and archaically obtalmy) is inflammation of the eye. It results in congestion of the eyeball, often eye-watering, redness and swelling, itching and burning, and a general feeling of irritation under the eyelids. Ophthalmia can have different causes, such as infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or may result from a physical trauma to the eye, chemical irritation, and allergies. A bacterial infection can result in a mucus and pus secretion. Severe cases of ophthalmia can cause blindness if not treated, especially in newborns, who contract it from the environment in the womb. Treatments vary according to the nature of the cause, with minor irritations going away on their own.
St. Barbara Church (Chicago)
St. Barbara's in Chicago (Polish: Kościół Świętej Barbary) - historic church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago located in Chicago, Illinois, at 2859 South Throop St.

It is a prime example of the Polish Cathedral style of churches in both its opulence and grand scale.  Along with St. Mary of Perpetual Help, it is one of two monumental religious edifices that dominate the Bridgeport neighborhood's skyline.

Bridgeport, Chicago
Bridgeport is one of the 77 community areas in Chicago, on the city's South Side, bounded on the north by the South Branch of the Chicago River, on the west by Ashland Avenue, on the south by Pershing Road, on the east by the Union Pacific Railroad tracks, and on the northeast by the Dan Ryan Expressway. Neighboring communities are Pilsen across the river to the north, McKinley Park to the west, Canaryville to the south, and Armour Square to the east. Bridgeport has been the home of five Chicago mayors. Once known for its racial intolerance, Bridgeport today ranks as one of the city's most diverse neighborhoods.
Gloeoheppia
Gloeoheppia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. It comprises five species. Members of the genus form small, scaly to slightly shield-shaped patches that are usually dark brown, olive, or blackish, and many become more swollen when wet. They mostly live in warm, dry regions on calcareous soil or rock, where they often form part of biological soil crusts that help bind and stabilise bare ground. Gloeoheppia is distinguished from similar-looking lichens like Heppia by its internal structure, the nature of its photobiont, and details of its reproductive structures.

Gloeoheppia turgida
Gloeoheppia turgida is a species of gelatinous lichen in the family Gloeoheppiaceae. The species was first described in 1810 by Erik Acharius as Endocarpon turgidum, based on a Swiss collection made by Johann Christoph Schleicher. It was transferred to the genus Gloeoheppia in 1935, and a later revision upheld Gloeoheppia as distinct from Heppia, and fixed the application of Acharius's name by designating Schleicher's specimen as the lectotype. The species forms small, scaly squamules up to 4 mm across that become strongly swollen and convex, with a dark olive to greenish-black upper surface that may carry a thin white, powdery pruina. It grows on calcareous soil or rock in warm, dry parts of the Mediterranean basin, in Macaronesia, and in the Saharo-Arabian region.
South Korea at the 2008 Summer Olympics
South Korea competed (as Korea) at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. This is a list of all of the South Korean athletes who qualified for the Olympics and their results.  South Korea sent a delegation of 267 athletes to these games.

North and South Korea had initially intended to send a joint delegation to the Games, but were unable to agree on the details of its implementation.  (See North Korea at the 2008 Summer Olympics.)

The South Korean contingent aimed for ten gold medals and to be ranked in the top ten in the games.  However, they exceeded expectations and the nation was ranked 7th in gold medals, and 8th in total medals.  The 13 gold medals won was the highest number of gold medals earned in its Olympic history.

North Korea at the 2008 Summer Olympics
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24, 2008. The country sent 63 athletes, competing in 11 sports.

North and South Korea had initially intended to send a joint delegation to the Games, but were unable to agree on the details of its implementation. (see South Korea at the 2008 Summer Olympics)

Reportedly, North Korean athletes were barred by their government from mingling with other athletes at the Olympic Village, or from leaving the Village to sightsee.
Uganda Civil Aviation Authority
The Uganda Civil Aviation Authority (UCAA) is the government agency responsible for licensing, monitoring, and regulating civil aviation matters in the country. It is administered by the Uganda Ministry of Works and Transport.

Ministry of Works and Transport (Uganda)
The Ministry of Works and Transport is a Cabinet level government ministry of Uganda, that is mandated to plan, develop and maintain an economic, efficient and effective transport infrastructure, and transport services by road, rail, water, and air. The ministry is also mandated to manage public works including government structures and promote standards in the construction industry. The ministry is headed by a Cabinet Minister. The current Minister of Works and Transport is Katumba Wamala.
American primitive guitar
American primitive guitar is a fingerstyle guitar music genre, developed by the American guitarist John Fahey in the late 1950s. While the term "American primitivism" has been used as a name for the genre, American primitive guitar is distinct from the primitivism art movement.

New acoustic music
New acoustic music is a music genre that blends influences from folk, bluegrass, jazz and world music and uses only acoustic instruments.  Beginning in the 1970s, it has been developed by artists such as Béla Fleck, Leo Kottke, Tim Ware, Tony Rice, Mike Marshall, Darol Anger and others.
Val Puccio
Valentino Puccio (June 9, 1965 – January 7, 2011) was a professional wrestler best known under the ring names Val Puccio and Henchman and teaming with his brother Tony Pucci as "The Undertakers" and later as "Double Trouble".

International World Class Championship Wrestling
International World Class Championship Wrestling (IWCCW, originally known as International Championship Wrestling) was an independent professional wrestling promotion based in Boston, Massachusetts. It was promoted by Angelo Savoldi and his sons Mario, Tom, and Joseph Savoldi.

An "outlaw" wrestling promotion in the 1980s, International World Class Championship Wrestling held interpromotional events with the Puerto Rican-based World Wrestling Council, the American Wrestling Association and World Class Championship Wrestling. Many of its former roster would later find success in the World Wrestling Federation, World Championship Wrestling, Extreme Championship Wrestling and elsewhere during the 1990s.
History of American comics
The history of American comics began in the 19th century in mass print media, in the era of sensationalist journalism, where newspaper comics served as further entertainment for mass readership. In the 20th century, comics became an autonomous art medium and an integral part of American culture.

Modern Age of Comic Books
The Modern Age of Comic Books is a period in the history of American superhero comic books which began in 1985 and continues through the present day. During approximately the first 15 years of this period, many comic book characters were redesigned, creators gained prominence in the industry, independent comics flourished, and larger publishing houses became more commercialized.

A common alternative name for this period is the Dark Age of Comic Books, due to the popularity and artistic influence of titles with serious content, such as Batman: The Dark Knight Returns and Watchmen.
Utah State Correctional Facility
Utah State Correctional Facility (USCF) is one of two prisons managed by the Utah Department of Corrections' Division of Prison Operations. It is located in the northwestern corner of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It replaced the former Utah State Prison in July 2022.

Capital punishment in Utah
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Utah.

Utah was the first state to resume executions after the 1972–1976 national moratorium on capital punishment ended with Gregg v. Georgia, when Gary Gilmore was executed by firing squad in 1977. Utah is one of only three states to have ever carried out executions by firing squad, and one of only two to do so after the moratorium ended, the other being South Carolina.
Ecsenius minutus
Ecsenius minutus is a species of combtooth blenny in the genus Ecsenius. It is found in coral reefs in the Maldives, in the western Indian Ocean. It can reach a maximum length of 4 centimetres. Blennies in this species feed primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds, and are commercial aquarium fish.

Ecsenius
Ecsenius is a large genus of fish in the family Blenniidae. Several species, including Ecsenius midas, the Midas blenny, and Ecsenius bicolor, the bicolor blenny, are commonly sold at aquarium stores as pets.
Syntrophy
In biology, syntrophy, syntrophism, or cross-feeding (from Greek  syn 'together' and  trophe 'nourishment') is the cooperative interaction between at least two microbial species to degrade a single substrate. This type of biological interaction typically involves the transfer of one or more metabolic intermediates between two or more metabolically diverse microbial species living in close proximity to each other. Thus, syntrophy can be considered an obligatory interdependency and a mutualistic metabolism between different microbial species, wherein the growth of one partner depends on the nutrients, growth factors, or substrates provided by the other(s).

Asgard archaea
Asgard archaea (previously known as superphylum "Asgard" or phylum "Asgardarchaeota") are a kingdom belonging to the domain Archaea that contain eukaryotic signature proteins.

After including the kingdom category into ICNP, the only validly published names of this group are kingdom Promethearchaeati and phylum Promethearchaeota. All formerly proposed "phyla" would be de-ranked to classes in this framework. It appears that the eukaryotes, the domain that contains the animals, plants, fungi and protists, emerged within the Promethearchaeati, in a branch containing the "Heimdallarchaeia". This supports the two-domain system of classification over the three-domain system.
Panther Bior
Panther Garang Bior is one of the 27,000 Lost Boys of Sudan. His journey was featured in the National Geographic Society's 2006 award-winning documentary, God Grew Tired of Us (executive produced by Brad Pitt and narrated by Nicole Kidman).

Lost Boys of Sudan
The Lost Boys of Sudan refers to a group of over 20,000 boys of the Nuer and Dinka ethnic groups who were displaced or orphaned during the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005). Two million were killed and others were severely affected by the conflict.  The term was used  by healthcare workers in the refugee camps and may have been derived from the children's story of Peter Pan by J. M. Barrie. The term was also extended to refer to children who fled the post-independence violence in South Sudan in 2011–2013.

The boys embarked on treacherous journeys to refugee camps in Ethiopia and Kenya where thousands were sheltered for several years. Some of the Lost Boys were offered shelter and residence in the United States through official resettlement programs.
In Too Deep (soundtrack)
In Too Deep: Music from the Dimension Motion Picture is the soundtrack to Michael Rymer's 1999 crime film In Too Deep. It was released on August 17, 1999, via Sony Music Soundtrax/Columbia Records, and contained hip hop and R&B music. The soundtrack fared well on the Billboard charts, peaking at #28 on the Billboard 200 and #8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Also featured on the soundtrack was a then unknown 50 Cent's debut single "How to Rob", which made it to #62 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and #24 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. It featured six charting singles; "In Too Deep", "Keys to the Range", "How to Rob", "Rowdy Rowdy", "Tear It Off" and "Quiet Storm".

How to Rob
"How to Rob" is a song by American hip hop recording artists 50 Cent and Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie, released in August 1999 as the former's commercial debut single by Columbia Records. The song was intended as the lead single from the 50 Cent's debut studio album Power of the Dollar, which was ultimately shelved by the label due to controversies surrounding the artist. Following this, it was instead released in promotion for the soundtrack to the 1999 film In Too Deep. The latter performer, credited as "the Madd Rapper", included the song as the final track on his debut album, Tell Em Why You Madd (2000). Furthermore, the song was also included on 50 Cent's 2017 greatest hits album, Best of 50 Cent. The song was produced by affiliates and then-labelmates of both performers, Trackmasters.
Ekaterine Chavchavadze
Ekateriné Dadiani, Princess of Mingrelia (Georgian: ეკატერინე დადიანი; née Chavchavadze; March 19, 1816 – August 13, 1882) of the House of Dadiani, was a prominent 19th-century Georgian aristocrat and the last ruling princess (as regent) of the Principality of Mingrelia in Western Georgia. She was regent during the minority of her son between 1853 and 1857. She played an important role in resisting Ottoman influence in her principality and was at the center of Georgian high society, both inside the country and abroad.

Grigol Dadiani (Kolkhideli)
Prince Grigol Dadiani (Georgian: გრიგოლ დადიანი; 6 October 1814 – 24 December 1901) was a member of the Georgian noble Dadiani family of Mingrelia. He was a son of Levan V Dadiani, Prince-regnant of Mingrelia, and member of the regency council for his nephew, Niko I Dadiani. As an officer in the Imperial Russian service, he took part in the Russo-Turkish, Crimean, and Caucasus wars, and retired with the rank of General of the Infantry. He was also a literature enthusiast and himself a poet of some talent, writing in the spirit of Georgian Romanticism under the pen name of Kolkhideli (კოლხიდელი, "Colchian").
Bibugn
Bibugn (Amharic: ቢቡኝ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Gojjam Zone, Bibugn is bordered on the south by Sinan, on the west by Dega Damot woreda in the Mirab Gojjam Zone, on the northwest by Goncha, and on the east by Hulet Ej Enese. Towns in Bibugn include Digua Tsion, Weyin Wuha and Wabirr. Digo tsion (ድጎፅዮን) is the center of Bibugn wereda. There are over 15 kebelles in Bibugn wereda; among those, Debiresina is one of a kebelle that found in the north part.

Sinan (woreda)
Sinan (Amharic: ስናን) is one of the woredas (districts) in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Gojjam Zone, Sinan is bordered on the southwest by Guzamn, on the west by Machakel, on the north by Bibugn, on the northwest by Debay Telatgen, on the east by Awabel, and on the south by Aneded. Towns in Guzamn include Rob Gebeya. Sinan was part of Guzamn woreda.

The highest point in the woreda as well as in the Misraq Gojjam Zone is Mount Choqa (also known as Mount Birhan), a part of the Choqa Mountains, with an elevation of 4,154 m (13,629 ft) above sea level.
Moto Sakura Castle
Moto Sakura Castle (本佐倉城, Motosakura-jō) was a Muromachi period "hirayama"-style castle located on the border of the town of Shisui and the city of Sakura, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins been protected as a National Historic Site since 1998.

Shisui
Shisui (酒々井町, Shisui-machi) is a town located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan.As of 1 December 2020, the town had an estimated population of  20,660 in 9,888 households and a population density of 1,100 persons per km2. The total area of the  town is 19.02 square kilometres (7.34 sq mi).