hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean-Louis de la Corne de Chaptes
Jean-Louis de la Corne de Chaptes, (b. October 23, 1666 – d. May 6, 1732) was from Chaptes, France. He arrived in New France in 1685 and, other than a trip home to France, served his whole adult life in the military. He achieved some military honours but little wealth and died leaving his wife in limited circumstances.

He established one of the most important families in New France and his four sons all did well. One son, Louis de la Corne, Chevalier de la Corne was both a successful soldier and a fur trader while another son, Luc de la Corne became one of the wealthiest men in Canada. A third son, François-Josué de la Corne Dubreuil was an active soldier and trader. All four were awarded the cross of Saint Louis as was Jean-Louis.

François-Josué de La Corne Dubreuil
François-Josué de La Corne Dubreuil (7 October 1710 — 17 October 1753) was a French military officer in the colonial regular troops of New France and, as was the norm of the day, involved in family commercial enterprises. He was the son of Jean-Louis de la Corne de Chaptes and a brother of Louis de la Corne, Chevalier de la Corne, and Luc de la Corne. His first posting as a commandant of a post was at the Fort Kaministiquia, beginning in 1741, where he also engaged in the fur trade.
Dear Bess
Dear Bess: The Letters from Harry to Bess Truman, 1910-1959 is a 1983 book edited by historian Robert Hugh Ferrell collecting more than 500 letters from U.S. president Harry S. Truman to his wife Bess, ranging from the couple's early courtship to his post-presidency retirement. Well-regarded by other historians, the book also achieved popular success, becoming a New York Times bestseller.

Robert Hugh Ferrell
Robert Hugh Ferrell (May 8, 1921 – August 8, 2018) was an American historian. He authored more than 60 books on topics including the U.S. presidency, World War I, and U.S. foreign policy and diplomacy. One of the country's leading historians, Ferrell was widely considered the preeminent authority on the administration of Harry S. Truman, and also wrote books about half a dozen other 20th-century presidents. He was thought by many in the field to be the "dean of American diplomatic historians", a title he disavowed.
Caslino d'Erba
Caslino d'Erba (Brianzöö: Caslin [kaˈzlĩː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (40 km) north of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Como. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,745 and an area of 7.0 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi).

Caslino d'Erba borders the following municipalities: Asso, Caglio, Canzo, Castelmarte, Erba, Faggeto Lario, Ponte Lambro, Rezzago.

Ponte Lambro
Ponte Lambro (Brianzöö: Punt [ˈpũːt]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Como.

Ponte Lambro borders the following municipalities: Caslino d'Erba, Castelmarte, Erba.
Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation
42°20′23.6″N 71°6′18.882″W﻿ / ﻿42.339889°N 71.10524500°W﻿ / 42.339889; -71.10524500

Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (abbreviated as CNBS or BACNBS) is a brain research institute at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) of Harvard Medical School in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area of Boston, Massachusetts. The center is specialized in research, educating, and clinical care using non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Non-invasive brain stimulation is applied as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool on patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders like depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, dystonia, Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, and the neurorehabilitation of motor function, cognition, and language after stroke or traumatic brain injury.

In 2012, Berenson Allen Center was directed by Prof. Alvaro Pascual-Leone.

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) in Boston, Massachusetts is a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and one of the founding members of Beth Israel Lahey Health. It was formed out of the 1996 merger of Beth Israel Hospital (founded in 1916 by the Jewish community) and New England Deaconess Hospital (founded in 1896 by Methodist deaconesses). Among independent teaching hospitals, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has ranked in the top three recipients of biomedical research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Research funding totals nearly $200 million annually. BIDMC researchers run more than 850 active sponsored projects and 200 clinical trials. The Harvard-Thorndike General Clinical Research Center, the oldest clinical research laboratory in the United States, has been located on this site since 1973.
Busso
Busso is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Campobasso.

Busso borders the following municipalities: Baranello, Campobasso, Casalciprano, Castropignano, Oratino, Spinete, Vinchiaturo.

Vinchiaturo
Vinchiaturo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Campobasso with a population of 3368 people (31-12-2022).
Phoronis muelleri
Phoronis muelleri is a species of marine horseshoe worm in the phylum Phoronida. Like most phoronids, Phoronis muelleri has a biphasic life-cycle consisting of a pelagic larval stage, the actinotrocha, and a benthic, sessile adult stage.

Phoronid
Phoronids (taxonomic name Phoronida, sometimes called horseshoe worms) are a small phylum of marine animals that filter-feed with a lophophore (a "crown" of tentacles), and build upright tubes of chitin to support and protect their soft bodies. They live in most of the oceans and seas, including the Arctic Ocean but excluding the Antarctic Ocean, and between the intertidal zone and about 400 meters down. Most adult phoronids are 2 cm long and about 1.5 mm wide, although the largest are 50 cm long.

The name of the group comes from its type genus: Phoronis.
Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia
Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia (Russian: Владимир Кириллович Романов; 30 August [O.S. 17 August] 1917 – 21 April 1992) was the Head of the Imperial Family of Russia, a position which he claimed from 1938 to his death in 1992.

Saint-Briac-sur-Mer
Saint-Briac-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ bʁijak syʁ mɛʁ], literally Saint-Briac on Sea; Breton: Sant-Briag; Gallo: Saent-Beriac), is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine Department in Brittany in northwestern France.
Mountain Lakes High School
Mountain Lakes High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grade from Mountain Lakes, in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Mountain Lakes Schools. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1940.

Students from Boonton Township attend the school as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Boonton Township School District.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 550 students and 58.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.5:1. There were 7 students (1.3% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and none eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Chatham High School (New Jersey)
Chatham High School is an American four-year comprehensive public high school in Chatham Township, in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the School District of the Chathams and serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from both Chatham Borough and Chatham Township. The school is accredited by the New Jersey Department of Education.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,205 students and 99.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.1:1. There were 16 students (1.3% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 13 (1.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
MV Stoker
MV Stoker is a Royal Australian Navy (RAN) National Support Squadron merchant vessel (MV) auxiliary ship. Constructed in Vietnam, and launched in 2015, MV Stoker is meant for submarine rescue. In mid-2023, MV Stoker found the wreck of USS Edsall off the coast of Christmas Island during an unrelated mission.

Submarine rescue ship
A submarine rescue ship is a surface support ship for submarine rescue and deep-sea salvage operations. Methods employed include the McCann Rescue Chamber, deep-submergence rescue vehicles (DSRV's) and diving operations.
Woodward County, Oklahoma
Woodward County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,470. Its county seat is Woodward.

Woodward County comprises the Woodward, OK micropolitan statistical area.

Woodward County was originally known as "N" County and was composed of present-day Woodward County and portions of Harper, Ellis, and Woods County. Before its division at statehood, Woodward County, then 60 miles square, was the westernmost county of the Cherokee Outlet and adjoined Texas and the Oklahoma Panhandle on the west and Kansas on the north. Political pressure applied by William H. Murray during Oklahoma's Constitutional Convention resulted in the reduction of the size of Woodward County to its present boundaries. It is unknown exactly whom the county (and the town) is named after, but the two leading candidates are Brinton W. Woodward, a Santa Fe railway director, or Richard Woodward, a buffalo hunter.

Ellis County, Oklahoma
Ellis County is a county located on the western border of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,749, making it the fifth-least populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is Arnett.

The county was named for Albert H. Ellis, vice president of the 1906 Constitutional Convention.
Struma ovarii
A struma ovarii (literally: goitre of the ovary) is a rare form of monodermal teratoma that contains mostly thyroid tissue, which may cause hyperthyroidism.

Despite its name, struma ovarii is not restricted to the ovary.

The vast majority of struma ovarii are benign tumours; however, malignant tumours of this type are found in a small percentage of cases.

Goitre
A goitre (British English), or goiter (American English), is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland. A goitre can be associated with a thyroid that is not functioning properly.

Worldwide, over 90% of goitre cases are caused by iodine deficiency. The term is from the Latin gutturia, meaning throat. Most goitres are not cancerous (i.e., benign), though they may be potentially harmful.
Max A. Woodbury
Max Atkin Woodbury (1917–2010) was an American mathematician. He was born in St George, Utah to Angus Munn Woodbury and Grace (Atkin) Woodbury. He had three brothers and two sisters, including the biologists Dixon Miles Woodbury and John Walter Woodbury.

Angus M. Woodbury
Angus Munn Woodbury (July 11, 1886 – August 1, 1964) was an American zoologist and ecologist from Utah. He was professor at the University of Utah for over 20 years, and also worked for many years as a ranger-naturalist at Zion National Park. He produced over 100 publications, many focused on the biology of reptiles and birds, but also on insects, ecological succession, and the history of Utah. He and his wife of 55 years, Grace Atkin Woodbury, died in an automobile collision on August 1, 1964, near Loveland, Colorado.
Crossbow bolt
A bolt or quarrel is a dart-like projectile used by crossbows.  The word quarrel is from the Old French quarrel (> French carreau) "square thing", specialized use as quarrel d'arcbaleste (> carreau d'arbalète) "crossbow quarrel", referring to their typically square heads. Although their lengths vary, bolts are typically shorter and heavier than traditional arrows shot with longbows.

Dart (missile)
Darts are airborne ranged weapons. They are designed to fly such that a sharp, often weighted point will strike first. They can be distinguished from javelins by the presence of fletching (feathers on the tail) and a shaft that is shorter or more flexible. Darts can be propelled by hand or with the aid of a hand-held implement such as a blowgun. They can be distinguished from arrows because they are not used with a bow.

Darts have been used since pre-history. The plumbatae were lead-weighted darts thrown by infantrymen in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Darts can be propelled by a number of means. The atlatl uses leverage to increase the velocity of the dart, the kestros increases the range of propelled darts using a sling, and the exhalation of a person's breath through a blowgun propels small stone points or poisoned needles with pneumatic force.

In the modern era, darts have been used for recreation in lawn darts and the game of darts.
3rd (Lahore) Division
The 3rd (Lahore) Division was an infantry division of the Indian Army and before 1895, the Bengal Army, first organised in 1852. It saw service during World War I as part of the Indian Corps in France before being moved to the Middle East where it fought against troops of the Ottoman Empire.

34th Royal Sikh Pioneers
The 34th Royal Sikh Pioneers was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to 1857, when they were raised as the Punjab Sappers.

The regiment recruited the Mazhabi Sikhs and Ramdasia Sikhs of Punjab province.
Despite being Pioneers by name, the regiment was specially trained as Assault Pioneers.
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
The Konrad Adenauer Foundation (German: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.; Abbreviation: KAS) is a German political party foundation associated with but independent of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The foundation's headquarters are located in Sankt Augustin near Bonn, as well as in Berlin. Globally, the KAS has 111 foreign offices and runs programs in over 100 countries. Its current chairwoman is Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, a former Federal Minister of Defence and Minister-President of Saarland. It is a member of the Martens Centre, the official foundation and think tank of the European People's Party (EPP). In 2020, it ranked 15th amongst think tanks globally.

In August 2024, the Konrad Adenauer Foundation was declared an undesirable organization in Russia.

In November 2024, the Center for Studies in Social Sciences Research (CERSS) in Morocco terminated its partnership with KAS due to a politics-based disagreement.

Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies
The Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, also known as the Martens Centre and previously as the Centre for European Studies, is a think tank and European political foundation affiliated to the European People's Party (EPP). The Martens Centre links together a large network of political foundations across the European Union, which all hold centre-right political positions. The president of the Martens Centre is former prime minister of Slovakia Mikuláš Dzurinda. As a European political foundation, the Martens Centre is financed by the European Parliament and sponsors representing industry lobbying.
Charles Langdale
Charles Langdale (formerly Stourton); 19 September 1787 – 1 December 1868) was a British politician and biographer. He served as Whig Member of Parliament, wrote the memoirs of Maria Fitzherbert, and was a leading Roman Catholic figure during the 19th century.

Houghton Hall, East Riding of Yorkshire
Houghton Hall, Sancton, near Market Weighton, is a Grade I listed
Georgian country mansion in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, set in an estate of 7,800 acres (32 km2). Located on the estate is the village of Sancton and the vestigial remains of the ancient hamlet of Houghton. It was built c. 1765–8 by Philip Langdale (d. 1815) to the designs of Thomas Atkinson and underwent minor remodelling in 1960 by Francis Johnson. It is built in pink brick with stone dressing and slate roof, with a three-storey, 5-bay main block.

The Roman Catholic parish of Market Weighton was founded from the domestic chapel of the Langdale family at Houghton Hall. The chapel, built in 1829, was demolished in 1957. The Vale of York Polo Club was formerly located on the Houghton Hall Estate.
Letohatchee, Alabama
Letohatchee is an unincorporated community in Lowndes County, Alabama, United States. It has a very small population and four businesses. The community is part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In 1900 and 1917, whites committed a total of seven lynchings of blacks, half of the total 14 in Lowndes County from 1877 to 1950.  In 1900 they killed all four members of the Jim Cross family.

Lowndes County, Alabama
Lowndes County is in the central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,311. Its county seat is Hayneville. The county is named in honor of William Lowndes, a member of the United States Congress from South Carolina.

Lowndes County is part of the Montgomery, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. Historically it has been considered part of the Black Belt, known for its fertile soil, cotton plantations, and a high number of African American workers, enslaved and later freed.
U4atac minor spliceosomal RNA
U4atac minor spliceosomal RNA  is a ncRNA which is an essential component of the minor U12-type spliceosome complex. The U12-type spliceosome is required for removal of the rarer class of eukaryotic introns (AT-AC, U12-type).

U4atac snRNA is proposed to form a base-paired complex with another spliceosomal RNA U6atac via two stem loop regions. These interacting stem loops have been shown to be required for in vivo splicing. U4atac also contains a 3' Sm protein binding site which has been shown to be essential for splicing activity. U4atac is the functional analog of U4 spliceosomal RNA in the major U2-type spliceosomal complex.

The Drosophila U4atac snRNA has an additional predicted 3' stem loop terminal to the Sm binding site.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Doom book
The Doom Book, Dōmbōc, Code of Alfred or Legal Code of Ælfred the Great was the code of laws ("dooms" being laws or judgments) compiled by Alfred the Great (c. 893 AD). Alfred codified three prior Saxon codes – those of Æthelberht of Kent (c. 602 AD), Ine of Wessex (c. 694 AD) and Offa of Mercia (c. 786 AD) – to which he prefixed a modified version of the Ten Commandments of Moses and incorporated rules of life from the Mosaic Code and the Christian code of ethics.

Quadripartitus
The title Quadripartitus refers to an extensive legal collection compiled during the reign of Henry I, king of England (1100–1135). The work consists of Anglo-Saxon legal materials in Latin translation as well as a number of Latin texts of legal interest that were produced after the Conquest. It ranks as the largest surviving medieval collection of pre-Conquest law and is the second to have been produced during Henry I's reign, after that contained in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 383. First compiled for the use of Henry I's jurists and administrators, the Quadripartitus enjoyed immense interest for a considerable time afterwards and was consulted by legal scholars, including Henry de Bracton in the thirteenth century and John Fortescue in the fifteenth.
Macerata Feltria
Macerata Feltria is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of Ancona and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Pesaro.

Macerata Feltria borders the following municipalities: Lunano, Monte Cerignone, Montecopiolo, Monte Grimano, Piandimeleto, Pietrarubbia, Sassocorvaro Auditore. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Piandimeleto
Piandimeleto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of Ancona and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Pesaro.

Piandimeleto borders the following municipalities: Belforte all'Isauro, Carpegna, Frontino, Lunano, Macerata Feltria, Pietrarubbia, Sant'Angelo in Vado, Sassocorvaro Auditore, Sestino, Urbino. Its territory is included in the Sasso Simone and Simoncello Regional Park. The Foglia river flows near the town.
Wesermarsch
Wesermarsch is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. Neighboring are (from the east clockwise) the districts of Cuxhaven and Osterholz, the city of Bremen in the state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, the urban district of Delmenhorst, the district of Oldenburg and the urban district of Oldenburg, and the districts of  Ammerland and Friesland.

Cuxhaven (district)
Cuxhaven is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Stade, Rotenburg, Osterholz and Wesermarsch, the city of Bremerhaven and the North Sea.
Buckland Common
Buckland Common is a hamlet in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the Chiltern Hills, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Wendover and the same distance south of Tring in Hertfordshire with which it shares a boundary. The northern end of the settlement is delineated by a short section of Grim's Ditch. It is in the civil parish of Cholesbury-cum-St Leonards.

St Leonards, Buckinghamshire
St Leonards is a small village in the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire, England. It is 3 miles east of Wendover and 4 miles south of Tring, Hertfordshire. A short section of Grim's Ditch delineates the northern end of the village, which lies within the civil parish of Cholesbury-cum-St Leonards.
Born Against
Born Against was an American hardcore punk band from New York active between 1989 and 1993. Though Born Against received little media exposure while still together, they have since been described as "legendary" by the Chicago Reader and the LA Weekly.

Vermiform Records
Vermiform Records was an American independent record label that specialized in releasing punk rock music from 1990 until 2002. Vermiform released 58 albums and relocated many times,
being headquartered in New York, New Jersey, Virginia, Rhode Island and California at different times. The label was run by Sam McPheeters, the singer from Born Against.