hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Banff Town House
Banff Town House is a municipal building in Low Street, Banff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The building, which is used as a customer service point and job centre, forms part of a complex consisting of a steeple, completed in 1767, which is a Category A listed building, and a town house, completed in 1797, which is also a Category A listed building.

Banff, Aberdeenshire
Banff (Scottish Gaelic: Banbh) is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Deveron. It is a former royal burgh, and is the county town of the historic county of Banffshire.
Arikesari Maravarman
Arikesari Maravarman c. 640–670 CE also known as Parankusa, was a Pandya king of early medieval south India.

Arikesari's reign witnessed the beginning of the Pandya contesting with the Pallavas in the northern part of the Tamil country. He probably entered into an alliance with Chalukyas (to the counter the Pallavas). However, historian K. M. Venkata Ramaiah notes that Arikesari Maravarman later defeated the Chalukyas under Vikramaditya I at the battle of Nelveli, indicating that Pandya–Chalukya relations were not consistently allied.  The Pandyas also fought with the Cheras ("Keralas") under his rule.

Velvikudi inscription
The Velvikudi inscription is an 8th-century bilingual copper-plate grant from the Pandya kingdom of southern India. Inscribed in Tamil and Sanskrit languages, it records the renewal of a grant of the Velvikudi village to a brahmana by the Pandya king Nedunjadaiyan Varaguna-varman I alias Jatila Parantaka (r. c. 768-815 CE) in c. 769-770 CE.
Irv Comp
Irving Henry Comp Jr. (May 17, 1919 – July 11, 1989) was an American professional football player. He played his entire seven-year National Football League (NFL) career with the Green Bay Packers and was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1986.

Born in the Bay View section of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Comp had sight in only one eye. He attended college and played college football at Benedictine College, then known as St. Benedict's College. He graduated in 1942, and became a member of the Ravens Hall of Fame in 1988.

Comp was the 23rd overall selection of the 1943 NFL draft, taken in the third round by the Packers. In his second season in 1944, he led Green Bay to their sixth league title, defeating the New York Giants in the NFL Championship Game. When he retired, he was the alltime leader in interceptions with 34, until he was passed the following year.

Benedictine College
Benedictine College is a private Benedictine liberal arts college in Atchison, Kansas, United States. It was established in 1971 by the merger of St. Benedict's College (founded 1858) for men and Mount St. Scholastica College (founded 1923) for women.

Benedictine is one of a number of U.S. Benedictine colleges and is sponsored by St. Benedict's Abbey and Mount St. Scholastica Monastery.
Mescalero
Mescalero or Mescalero Apache (Mescalero-Chiricahua: Naa'dahéńdé) is an Apache tribe of Southern Athabaskan–speaking Native Americans. The tribe is federally recognized as the Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Apache Reservation, located in south-central New Mexico.

In the 19th century, the Mescalero opened their reservation to other Apache tribes, such as the Mimbreno (Chíhéńde, Warm Springs Apaches) and the Chiricahua (Shá’i’áńde or Chidikáágu). Some Lipan Apache (Tú’édįnéńde and Túntsańde) also joined the reservation. Their descendants are enrolled in the Mescalero Apache Tribe.

Sacramento Mountains (New Mexico)
The Sacramento Mountains are a mountain range in the south-central part of the U.S. state of New Mexico, lying just east of Alamogordo in Otero County (small portions of the range lie in Lincoln County and Chaves County). From north to south, the Sacramento Mountains extend for 85 miles (137 km), and from east to west they encompass 42 miles (68 km).
Reign of Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII became King of Spain at the moment of his birth in May 1886 because his father, Alfonso XII, had died five months earlier. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was regent until May 1902, when he turned sixteen and took the oath of office under the Constitution of 1876, when he began his personal reign, which lasted until 14 April 1931, when he had to go into exile after the proclamation of the Second Republic.

Segismundo Moret
Segismundo Moret y Prendergast (2 June 1833 – 28 January 1913) was a Spanish politician and writer. He was the prime minister of Spain on three occasions and the president of the Congress of Deputies on two occasions.
Florencia Ponce de León
Florencia Ponce de Leon (born 26 February 1992) is an Argentine handball player for the Liberbank Gijón and the Argentine national team.

She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.

2017 Pan American Women's Club Handball Championship
The 2017 Pan American Women's Club Handball Championship will be the second edition of the tournament organised by the Pan-American Team Handball Federation, and will be held in Asunción, Paraguay 23–28 October.
Hashkafa
Hashkafa (Hebrew: השקפה, lit. 'outlook'; plural hashkafot, hashkafos,  or hashkafas) is the Hebrew term for worldview and guiding philosophy, used almost exclusively within Orthodox Judaism.  A hashkafa is the perspective an Orthodox Jew adopts, which shapes many aspects of their life. Hashkafa thus plays a crucial role in how these interact with the world around them, and influences individual beliefs about secularity, gender roles, and modernity. In that it guides many practical decisions—where to send children to school, what synagogue to attend, and what community to live in—hashkafa works in conjunction with halakha or Jewish law.

Samson Raphael Hirsch
Samson Raphael Hirsch (Hebrew: שמשון רפאל הירש; 20 June 1808 – 31 December 1888) was a German Orthodox rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism. Occasionally termed neo-Orthodoxy, his philosophy, together with that of Azriel Hildesheimer, has had a considerable influence on the development of Orthodox Judaism.

Hirsch was rabbi in Oldenburg, Emden, and was subsequently appointed chief rabbi of Moravia. From 1851 until his death, Hirsch led the secessionist Orthodox community in Frankfurt am Main. He wrote a number of influential books, and for a number of years published the monthly journal Jeschurun, in which he outlined his philosophy of Judaism. He was a vocal opponent of Reform Judaism, Zionism, and similarly opposed early forms of Conservative Judaism.
Subah (TV series)
Subah is an Indian television series that aired on DD National in 1987 directed by Bharat Rangachary. It is based on a novel by Sivasankari, titled Avan. The title song for the series, "Aye zamane tere samne aa gaye", was sung by R. D. Burman.

Sivasankari
Sivasankari (born 14 October 1942) is an Indian author and activist who writes in Tamil. She is one of the four Tamil writers asked by the United States Library of Congress to record their voice as part of the South Asian article on Sivashankari.
Graeffe's method
In mathematics, Graeffe's method or Dandelin–Lobachesky–Graeffe method is an algorithm for finding all of the roots of a polynomial.  It was developed independently by Germinal Pierre Dandelin in 1826 and Lobachevsky in 1834. In 1837 Karl Heinrich Gräffe also discovered the principal idea of the method.  The method separates the roots of a polynomial by squaring them repeatedly. This squaring of the roots is done implicitly, that is, only working on the coefficients of the polynomial. Finally, Viète's formulas are used in order to approximate the roots.

Nikolai Lobachevsky
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (/loʊbəˈtʃɛfski/; Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Лобаче́вский, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ləbɐˈtɕefskʲɪj] ⓘ; 1 December [O.S. 20 November] 1792 – 24 February [O.S. 12 February] 1856) was a Russian mathematician and geometer, known primarily for his work on hyperbolic geometry, otherwise known as Lobachevskian geometry, and also for his fundamental study on  Dirichlet integrals, known as the Lobachevsky integral formula.

William Kingdon Clifford called Lobachevsky the "Copernicus of Geometry" due to the revolutionary character of his work.
Styrene-acrylonitrile resin
Styrene acrylonitrile resin (SAN) is a copolymer plastic consisting of styrene and acrylonitrile. It is widely used in place of polystyrene owing to its greater thermal resistance. The chains of between 70 and 80% by weight styrene and 20 to 30% acrylonitrile. Larger acrylonitrile content improves mechanical properties and chemical resistance, but also adds a yellow tint to the normally transparent plastic.

Styrene
Styrene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH=CH2. Its structure consists of a vinyl group as substituent on benzene. Styrene is a colorless, oily liquid, although aged samples can appear yellowish. The compound evaporates easily and has a sweet smell, although high concentrations have a less pleasant odor. Styrene is the precursor to polystyrene and several copolymers, and is typically made from benzene for this purpose. Approximately 25 million tonnes of styrene were produced in 2010, increasing to around 35 million tonnes by 2018.
Ramil de Jesus
Ramil H. de Jesus is a Filipino volleyball coach who is the head coach of the De La Salle University women's volleyball team. De Jesus has won 12 championship titles and 8 runner-up finishes in the UAAP as head coach of the De La Salle University women's volleyball team. As of May 2025, de Jesus has a UAAP win-loss record of 321 wins and 90 losses (good for 78.1%) in his 27 year-stint with the DLSU Lady Spikers.  He was also the head coach of the professional club team, F2 Logistics Cargo Movers, from 2016 to 2021, where he tallied 5 championship titles with 4 runners-up finish and 2 bronze medal.

De La Salle Lady Spikers volleyball
The De La Salle University Lady Spikers are the women's collegiate varsity volleyball team of De La Salle University. They compete in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP). Ever since winning their first UAAP championship title in 2000, the DLSU Lady Spikers are hailed as the most dominant women's volleyball team in the league with 21 finals appearance as of 2025, and having won 12 championships.
Quincy Township, Branch County, Michigan
Quincy Township is a civil township of Branch County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 4,108 at the 2020 census.

The village of Quincy is located within the township. There are no other incorporated municipalities and no named settlements or unincorporated communities in the primarily agricultural township.

Outside of the village of Quincy, the most urbanized area of the township is the area bounded by Ray Quincy Road to the east, Ridge Road to the west, the township line to the south and US-12 to the north (Marble Lake area).

Coldwater River (Branch County)
Coldwater River is a 29.5-mile-long (47.5 km) stream in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located in Branch County, the river rises in Ovid Township at 41°50′14″N 84°59′13″W﻿ / ﻿41.83722°N 84.98694°W﻿ / 41.83722; -84.98694 as the outflow of Coldwater Lake. Flowing north and west, it is joined by the outflow from the Lake of the Woods and continues north for several miles. West of the city of Coldwater, it flows through a series of lakes: South Lake, Messenger Lake, Cemetery Lake, North Lake, Randall Lake, Morrison Lake, Craig Lake, and Hodunk Pond. It then continues to the northwest and empties into the St. Joseph River in the village of Union City at 42°03′58″N 85°07′48″W﻿ / ﻿42.06611°N 85.13000°W﻿ / 42.06611; -85.13000.

The Coldwater River drainage basin includes nearly the entire eastern half of Branch County and portions of Allen and Reading townships in western Hillsdale County.
Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī (Arabic: عبداللطيف البغدادي; 1162, Baghdad – 1231, Baghdad), short for Muwaffaq al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Laṭīf ibn Yūsuf al-Baghdādī (Arabic: موفق الدين محمد عبد اللطيف بن يوسف البغدادي), was a physician, philosopher, historian, Arabic grammarian and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of his time.

Historiography of early Islam
The historiography of early Islam is the secular scholarly literature on the early history of Islam during the 7th century, from Muhammad's first purported revelations in 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in 661, 
and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate, terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th century.

Muslims developed methodologies such as the "science of biography" and the "science of hadith" to evaluate the reliability of these narratives, while prominent figures like Ibn Khaldun introduced critical historiographical methods, emphasizing the importance of context and the systematic evaluation of historical data.
Montchanin, Delaware
Montchanin is an unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Montchanin is located at the intersection of Delaware Route 100 and Kirk Road to the northwest of Wilmington.

The community received a post office and permanent railroad station in 1889, at which time it acquired the name Montchanin in honor of Anne Alexandrine de Montchanin, mother of Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours. Prior to that time, the village rail stop was named DuPont Station in honor of the nearby duPont powder works.

The Jacob Broom House, a National Historic Landmark, is located there.  The Jacob Broom House, Montchanin Historic District, and Strand Millas and Rock Spring are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Montchanin Historic District
Montchanin Historic District is a national historic district located at Montchanin, New Castle County, Delaware.  It encompasses 19 contributing buildings centered on the triangular area which was the original village of Montchanin.  Notable buildings include the frame, stick-style railroad station (1889), stuccoed stone schoolhouse (1890), a stone bank barn, the blacksmith shop, and various cottages, dating from circa 1840 through the early-20th century.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Most or all of the village is currently included in the Inn at Montchanin Village, a hotel which is a member of Historic Hotels of America.
Giancarlo Primo
Giancarlo Primo (4 November 1924 – 27 December 2005) was an Italian professional basketball player and coach. He was a coach of the FIBA European Selection team in 1974, 1975, and 1976. In 2001, he was awarded the FIBA Order of Merit. In 2007, he was enshrined into the FIBA Hall of Fame, and in 2008, he was inducted into the Italian Basketball Hall of Fame.

FIBA Europe All-Star Game
The FIBA Europe All-Star Game was an all-star basketball game, that was also known as the "FIBA Europe Festival". The "FIBA Europe All-Star Game Festival" was held from 1964 to 1998, from the 1963–64 to 1997–98 European basketball seasons. It was organized by FIBA Europe, the European division of FIBA. The FIBA Europe Selection Team, or the FIBA European Selection Team, won most of the FIBA Europe All-Star Game Festivals, with an overall record of 24–5.

The FIBA Europe All-Star Game Festival event was eventually replaced by the FIBA EuroStars All-Star Game event. Initially, both of the FIBA Europe all-star games existed together, starting in 1996, when the FIBA EuroStars debuted, during the 1996–97 season. However, the FIBA Europe All-Star Game was eventually permanently replaced by the FIBA EuroStars in 1998, during the 1998–99 season. The FIBA EuroStars All-Star Game was itself eventually discontinued by FIBA Europe. It was last held in 2007.
Ithikkara Pakki
Ithikkara Pakki (or Ithikkara Pakky / Ethikkara Pakki / Ethikkara Pakky) was an Indian outlaw who lived in the Travancore Kingdom in the 19th century. He is said to have plundered from the rich and distributed to the poor. Pakki, whose real name was Muhammad Abdul Khader, hails from Ithikkara village. He is said to have moved as swiftly as a bird or butterfly, meaning Pakki in Malayalam, hence he was known by the name Ithikkara Pakki.

Legends on him are part of the folklore of Kerala where he is represented as a heroic outlaw. Stories about him often include his friend and fellow bandit Kayamkulam Kochunni. Ithikkara Pakki is depicted in various films, television and literature.

Vellayani Paramu
Vellayani Paramu is a 1979 Indian Malayalam-language period drama film directed by J. Sasikumar, written by Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan, and produced by E. K. Thyagarajan. It is based on the life of Vellayani Paramu, an outlaw active in the Central Travancore region known for stealing from rich and giving to poor. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayan, Jayabharathi and Adoor Bhasi. The film has musical score by G. Devarajan. The film was released on 23 February 1979.
I Can See Arkansas
"I Can See Arkansas" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Anne Murray. It was released in 1992 as the third single from her album Yes I Do. It peaked at number 9 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in July 1992.

The song was originally recorded by Steve Wariner on his 1990 album Laredo. It was also recorded by David Ball on his 2004 album Freewheeler. It was covered by Jamaican performer Ninjaman in 1992 and released under the title Mississippi.

Freewheeler (album)
Freewheeler is the sixth studio album released by American country music singer David Ball. It was released in 2004 on the independent Wildcatter label. The lead-off single, "Louisiana Melody", charted at #59 on the Billboard country charts in 2004. It was followed by "Happy With the One I've Got" and "Too Much Blood in My Alcohol Level", neither of which charted. The track "I Can See Arkansas" was previously recorded by Steve Wariner on his 1990 album Laredo.
Pompeiu problem
In mathematics, the Pompeiu problem is a conjecture in integral geometry, named for Dimitrie Pompeiu, who posed the problem in 1929, 
as follows.  Suppose f is a nonzero continuous function defined on a Euclidean space, and  K is a simply connected Lipschitz domain, so that the integral of f vanishes on every congruent copy of K.  Then the domain is a ball.

A special case is Schiffer's conjecture.

Dimitrie Pompeiu
Dimitrie D. Pompeiu (Romanian: [diˈmitri.e pomˈpeju]; 4 October [O.S. 22 September] 1873 – 8 October 1954) was a Romanian mathematician, professor at the University of Bucharest, titular member of the Romanian Academy, and President of the Chamber of Deputies.
S.C. Freamunde
Sport Clube Freamunde is a Portuguese football club based in Freamunde, Paços de Ferreira. Founded on 19 March 1933, it currently plays in the Campeonato de Portugal, holding home matches at the 3,919-capacity Complexo Desportivo do SC Freamunde.

José Bosingwa, who later achieved fame with Porto, Chelsea and the Portugal national team, began his professional career at Freamunde.

José Bosingwa
José Bosingwa da Silva (born 24 August 1982) is a former professional footballer who played as a right-back.

He spent most of his career with Porto and Chelsea, winning 13 major honours including the UEFA Champions League with both clubs, 2004 with the former and 2012 with the latter. In his country's Primeira Liga, he also appeared for Boavista.

A Portugal international since 2007, Bosingwa represented the nation at Euro 2008 and the 2004 Summer Olympics, earning a total of 27 caps.
What Child Is This?
"What Child Is This?" is a Christmas carol with lyrics written by William Chatterton Dix in 1865 and set to the tune of "Greensleeves", a traditional English folk song (possibly by Richard Jones), in 1871. Although written in Great Britain, the carol today is more popular in the United States than its country of origin.

Contrafactum
In vocal music, contrafactum (or contrafact, pl. contrafacta) is "the substitution of one text for another without substantial change to the music". The earliest known examples of this "lyrical adaptation" date back to the 9th century in Gregorian chant.
2004 Davis Cup
The 2004 Davis Cup was the 93rd edition of the tournament between nations in men's tennis. A total of 130 nations participated in the tournament.  In the final, Spain defeated the United States at the Estadio de La Cartuja in Seville, Spain, on 3–5 December, giving Spain their second title.

Spain Davis Cup team
The Spain men's national tennis team has represented Spain internationally since 1920. Organised by the Real Federación Española de Tenis (RFET), it is one of the 50 members of International Tennis Federation's European association (Tennis Europe).

Spain has won the Davis Cup six times (2000, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2019), and finished as runner-up four times (1965, 1967, 2003, 2012), which makes it historically one of the most powerful countries in the tennis world.

Spain has competed in the World Group created in 1981, for 32 years. From 1997 to 2014, competed for 18 consecutive years, returning in 2017, after winning the World Group playoffs the previous year.
Annie Finch
Annie Finch (born October 31, 1956) is an American poet, critic, editor, translator, playwright, and performer. Her poetry is known for its often incantatory use of rhythm, meter, and poetic form and for its themes of feminism and earth-based spirituality. Her books includeSpells: New and Selected Poems, The Body of Poetry: Essays on Women, Form, and the Poetic Self, A Poet's Craft, Calendars, and Among the Goddesses.

Tupelo Press
Tupelo Press is an American not-for-profit literary press founded in 1999. It produced its first titles in 2001, publishing poetry, fiction and non-fiction. Originally located in Dorset, Vermont, the press has since moved to North Adams, Massachusetts.
Vitória (Porto)
Vitória (Portuguese pronunciation: [viˈtɔɾiɐ]) is a former civil parish in the municipality of Porto, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória. The population in 2011 was 1,901, in an area of 0.33 km2.

Vitória is one of the four districts within the UNESCO World Heritage Classified Zone of Porto, the others being São Nicolau, Sé, and Miragaia. A major landmark of Vitória is the Clérigos Tower ("Torre dos Clérigos"). The Vitória district is bounded by the Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, São Nicolau, Sé, and Miragaia districts.

Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória
Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória is a civil parish in the municipality of Porto, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau and Vitória. The population in 2011 was 40,440, in an area of 5.43 km2. It covers the historic part of the city of Porto.
Sudbury railway station (Staffordshire)
Sudbury railway station was a railway station serving Sudbury, Derbyshire although the station was located in Staffordshire, near to Draycott in the Clay.

The station was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway in 1848 and in 1862 it was also served by Great Northern Railway on the route between Stafford and Grantham.

The platforms today have been removed but the railway cottages and signal box are still in use, Trains on the Crewe to Derby Line still pass through the former station.

Sudbury, Derbyshire
Sudbury is a village and civil parish in Derbyshire, England, located about 9 miles (14 km) south of Ashbourne. It is part of the Derbyshire Dales district. The population as recorded at the 2001 Census was 976, increasing to 1,010 at the 2011 Census. The £0.5m A50 bypass opened in 1972.  The parish includes the hamlets of Aston, Aston Heath, Dalebrook and Oaks Green.

Sudbury Hall and HM Prison Sudbury are located here.