hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivan Littlewood
Inglis Ivan Irwin Levers Littlewood (20 October 1902 – 26 July 1951) was a rugby league player who represented New Zealand for the first time in 1925. In so doing he became Kiwi 181. He also represented the Lower Waikato, South Auckland (northern Waikato), and Auckland representative rugby league teams from 1919 to 1927.

Ponsonby Ponies
The Ponsonby Ponies are a rugby league club based in Ponsonby, New Zealand. The club was founded in 1908 and was originally named Ponsonby United. The Ponies compete in the Auckland Rugby League competition and are the oldest rugby league club in NZ.
Ductus venosus
In the fetus, the ductus venosus ("DV"; Arantius' duct after Julius Caesar Aranzi) shunts a portion of umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver.  Compared to the 50% shunting of umbilical blood through the ductus venosus found in animal experiments, the degree of shunting in the human fetus under physiological conditions is considerably less, 30% at 20 weeks, which decreases to 18% at 32 weeks, suggesting a higher priority of the fetal liver than previously realized. In conjunction with the other fetal shunts, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, it plays a critical role in preferentially shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain. It is a part of fetal circulation.

Foramen ovale (heart)
In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale (/fəˈreɪmən oʊˈvæli, -mɛn-, -ˈvɑː-, -ˈveɪ-/), also foramen Botalli or the ostium secundum of Born, allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. It is one of two fetal cardiac shunts, the other being the ductus arteriosus (which allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circulation). Another similar adaptation in the fetus is the ductus venosus. In most individuals, the foramen ovale closes at birth. It later forms the fossa ovalis.
I (Meshuggah EP)
I is the fifth EP by Swedish extreme metal band Meshuggah. It was released on 13 July 2004 via Fractured Transmitter Recording Company. A remastered reissue was released on 30 September 2014.

The "Special Edition" adds "Bleed" and "Dancers to a Discordant System" live from The Ophidian Trek and Pitch Black.

Fredrik Thordendal
Fredrik Carl Thordendal (born 11 February 1970) is a Swedish musician best known as the lead guitarist for the extreme metal band Meshuggah, of which he is a founding member. Along with Meshuggah's rhythm guitarist Mårten Hagström, Thordendal was rated No. 35 by Guitar World in their list of the top 100 greatest heavy metal guitarists of all time.
Erbessa mimica
Erbessa mimica is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Hering in 1925. It is found in Bolivia. The life expectancy  of the moth is around 60 to 90 days.

It is engaged in Müllerian mimicry with Josia oribia.

Josia oribia
Josia oribia is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1885. It is found in the eastern Andean foothills of Peru and Bolivia.

It is engaged in Müllerian mimicry with Erbessa mimica.
Brzęczkowice, Mysłowice
Brzęczkowice (German: Brzenskowitz) is a neighbourhood and a part of dzielnica (district) Brzęczkowice and Słupna, in Mysłowice, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It was previously an independent village and gmina (consisting only of this village), that was absorbed by Mysłowice in 1945 and again in 1951.

Mysłowice
Mysłowice [mɨswɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ (German: Myslowitz; Silesian: Myslowicy) is a city in Silesia in Poland, bordering Katowice. The population of the city as of 2022 is 72,124.

It is located in the core of the Metropolis GZM in the Silesian Highlands, on the Przemsza and Brynica rivers (tributaries of the Vistula). It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously in the Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Mysłowice is one of the cities comprising the 2.7 million conurbation – Katowice urban area and within the greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area with a population of about 5,294,000.
Htewtwa, Khataungpwint
Htwetwa (Burmese: ထွက်ဝ) is a village in western Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Myanmar, about 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Homalin in the Chindwin River basin. It is part of the Khataungpwint village tract.

Homalin District
Homalin Township  (Burmese: ဟုမ္မလင်း  မြို့နယ် [hóʊɰ̃məlɪ́ɰ̃ mjo̰nɛ̀]) is the only township of Homalin District (Burmese: ဟုမ္မလင်း  ခရိုင်) in the Sagaing Region of Myanmar. In 2022, the township was split out from Hkamti District to form the new Homalin District. The principal town is Homalin. The principal rivers flowing through the township are the Chindwin River form north to south and the Uyu River from east to west, joining the Chindwin near Homalin town.

The township is contains 3 towns- the principal town of Homalin, as well as the towns of Shwe Pyi Aye and Mo Waing Lut for a total of 16 urban wards. The township has 76 village tracts grouping 326 villages together.
Osborn, Missouri
Osborn is a city in northern Clinton and southern DeKalb counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 374 at the 2020 census.

The Clinton County portion of Osborn is part of the Kansas City, MO–KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the DeKalb County portion is part of the St. Joseph, MO–KS Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Clinton County portion of Osborn lies in Platte Township, while the DeKalb County portion of Osborn lies in Colfax Township.

St. Joseph metropolitan area
The St. Joseph Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of four counties - three in northwest Missouri (Andrew, Buchanan, and DeKalb) and one in northeast Kansas (Doniphan) - anchored by the city of St. Joseph, comprising a total area of 1,673.93 square miles (4,335.5 km2). As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 121,467. It is part of the wider Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS CSA.
Ihosy District
Ihosy is a district in south-eastern Madagascar. It is a part of Ihorombe Region and borders the districts of Ikalamavony in north, Ambalavao in northeast, Ivohibe in east, Iakora in southeast, Betroka in south, Benenitra in southwest, Sakaraha and Ankazoabo Sud in west and Beroraha in the South West. The area is 17,358 km2 (6,702 sq mi) and the population was 292,880 in 2018.

Ivohibe District
Ivohibe is a district in south-eastern Madagascar. It is a part of Ihorombe Region and borders the districts of Ambalavao in north, Vondrozo in east, Midongy Sud in south, Iakora in southwest and Ihosy in west. The area is 4,119 km2 (1,590 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 34,289 in 2001.
Palomeras Bajas
Palomeras Bajas is an administrative neighborhood (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Puente de Vallecas. It has an area of 1.724430 km2 (0.665806 sq mi). As of 1 February 2020, it has a population of 41,034. The seat of the Assembly of Madrid, the regional legislature of the Community of Madrid, is located in the neighborhood.

Puente de Vallecas
Puente de Vallecas ([ˈpwente ðe βaˈʝekas], "Bridge of Vallecas") is one of the 21 districts of the city of Madrid, Spain. It forms, with the district of Villa de Vallecas, the geographical area of Vallecas.
Shizuoka Railway Shizuoka–Shimizu Line
The Shizuoka–Shimizu Line (静岡清水線, Shizuoka-Shimizu-sen) is a railway line in Shizuoka Prefecture, between Shin-Shizuoka in Aoi Ward and Shin-Shimizu in Shimizu Ward, all within the city of Shizuoka. This is the only line operated by the private railway operator Shizuoka Railway (Shizutetsu).

Shizuoka Railway A3000 series
The Shizuoka Railway A3000 series (静岡鉄道A3000形, Shizuoka Tetsudō A3000-gata) is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train operated by the private railway operator Shizuoka Railway in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, since 24 March 2016.
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), also known as viral hemorrhagic disease (VHD), is a highly infectious and lethal form of viral hepatitis that affects European rabbits. Some viral strains also affect hares and cottontail rabbits. Mortality rates generally range from 70 to 100 percent. The disease is caused by strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), a lagovirus in the family Caliciviridae.

Lagovirus
Lagovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caliciviridae. Lagomorphs serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: necrotizing hepatitis leading to fatal hemorrhages.
Velbazhd Kyustendil
Velbazhd Kyustendil (Bulgarian: Велбъжд Кюстендил) is a Bulgarian professional association football club based in Kyustendil. The club currently competes in the A RFG Kyustendil, the fourth tier of Bulgarian football.

The club was founded in 1919. Velbazhd have spent most of their playing history between the second and third tiers of the Bulgarian football league system. The club first won promotion to the A Group in 1954, and have played a total of 7 seasons in the top flight, with the longest continuous spell being six seasons (1995–2001). This is generally seen as the club's most successful period. Velbazhd finished third in A Group in 1999, 2000 and 2001, competed in the Intertoto Cup in the 2000–01 season, and reached the Bulgarian Cup final in 2001.

Kyustendil
Kyustendil (Bulgarian: Кюстендил [kʲustenˈdiɫ]) is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of the Kyustendil Province, a former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see.

The town is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, near the borders of Serbia and North Macedonia; 90 km southwest of Sofia, 130 km northeast of Skopje and 243 km north of Thessaloniki. The population is 37 799, with a Bulgarian majority and a Roma minority. During the Iron Age, a Thracian settlement was located within the town, later known as Roman in the 1st century AD. In the Middle Ages, the town switched hands between the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria and Serbia, prior to Ottoman annexation in 1395. After centuries of Ottoman rule, the town became part of an independent Bulgarian state in 1878.
Máire Ní Chinnéide
Máire Ní Chinnéide  (English Mary or Molly O'Kennedy) (17 January 1879 – 25 May 1967) was an Irish language activist, playwright, first President of the Camogie Association and first woman president of Oireachtas na Gaeilge.

Máire was born in Rathmines in 1879 and attended Muckross Park College and Royal University (later the NUI) where she was a classmate of Agnes O'Farrelly, Helena Concannon, and Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington.

Agnes O'Farrelly
Agnes O'Farrelly (born Agnes Winifred Farrelly; 24 June 1874 – 5 November 1951; Irish: Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh [ˈuːnˠə nʲiː ˈɑɾʲ.ça.l̪ˠa]; nom-de-plume 'Uan Uladh'), was an academic and Professor of Irish at University College Dublin (UCD). She was also the first female Irish-language novelist, a founding member of Cumann na mBan, and fourth president of the Camogie Association.
Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage
The Directorate for Cultural Heritage (Norwegian: Riksantikvaren or Direktoratet for kulturminneforvaltning) is a government agency responsible for the management of cultural heritage in Norway. Subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of the Environment, it manages the Cultural Heritage Act of June 9, 1978. The directorate also has responsibilities under the Norwegian Planning and Building Law.

Ministry of Climate and Environment (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment (Norwegian: Klima- og miljødepartementet, KLD) is a Norwegian ministry established on 8 May 1972. The Ministry of Climate and Environment has a particular responsibility for carrying out the climate and environmental policies of the Government. Before 2014 the name was Ministry of the Environment (Norwegian: Miljøverndepartementet).

It is led by the Minister of Climate and Environment, currently Andreas Bjelland Eriksen (Labour Party) since 2023. The ministry reports to the legislature (Storting).
Phellinus igniarius
Phellinus igniarius (syn. Phellinus trivialis), commonly known as the willow bracket, fire sponge, false tinder polypore, punk ash polypore, or false tinder conk, is a fungus of the family Hymenochaetaceae. Like other members of the genus of Phellinus, it lives by saprotrophic nutrition, in which the lignin and cellulose of a host tree is degraded and is a cause of white rot.

The fungus forms perennial fruiting bodies that rise as woody-hard, hoof or disc-shaped brackets from the bark of the infested living tree or dead log. The tree species is often willow but it may be commonly found on birch and alder and other broad leafed trees. The top is covered with a dark, often cracked crust, a stem is present only in its infancy. Unlike most fungi, it has a hard woody consistency and may persist for many years, building a new surface layer each year.

Phellinus
Phellinus is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. Many species cause white rot. Fruit bodies, which are found growing on wood, are resupinate, sessile, and perennial. The flesh is tough and woody or cork-like, and brown in color. Clamp connections are absent, and the skeletal hyphae are yellowish-brown.

The name Phellinus means cork.

The species Phellinus ellipsoideus (previously Fomitiporia ellipsoidea) produced the largest ever fungal fruit body.

Phellinus species produce a number of natural chemicals which are of interest to science. These include the natural phenol hispidin, bio-active styrylpyrones called phelligridins, and bio-active isolates called phellinins.
Hollum
Hollum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɔlʏm]) is the largest village on Ameland, Netherlands, one of the West Frisian Islands. It is situated on the westernmost part of the island and had, as of January 2017, a population of 1,165.

The village was first mentioned in 1485 as Hollum, and could mean "settlement on a hill/island", however there are more possibilities. Hollum developed as an esdorp in the Late Middle Ages. It was originally two settlements which have grown together.

Ameland
Ameland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːməlɑnt] ⓘ; West Frisian: It Amelân [ət ˈaːməlɔ̃ːn])  is a municipality and one of the West Frisian Islands off the north coast of the Netherlands. It consists mostly of sand dunes and is the third major island of the West Frisians. It neighbours islands Terschelling to the west and Schiermonnikoog to the east. This includes the small Engelsmanplaat and Rif sandbanks to the east.

Ameland is, counted from the west, the fourth inhabited Dutch Wadden island and belongs to the Friesland (Fryslân) province. The whole island falls under one municipality, which carries the same name. The Wadden islands form the border between the North Sea and the Wadden Sea, which lies on the south side of the island file. The municipality of Ameland had a population of 3,746 in 2021. The inhabitants are called Amelanders.
Wieringen
Wieringen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋiːrɪŋə(n)] ⓘ) is located in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. Now a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon, it was a separate municipality before 2012. Its name first appeared in 8th and 9th century records. By 1200 it was an island, also named Wieringen, separated from the mainland during one of the severe storm floods in the late Middle Ages that changed the coastline. Through the usage of draining, dikes, and landfill from 1924 to 1932, the island was rejoined to the mainland.

In 2003 the provincial and local governments announced a project to restore Wieringen as an island by creating a recreational lake to be called the Wieringerrandmeer. The project was cancelled in 2010 for financial reasons.

Den Oever
Den Oever (Dutch pronunciation: [dɛn ˈuvər]; in English, the shore, the coast) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon, and lies about 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Den Helder.
Greenwich pumping station
Greenwich Pumping Station, known until c. 1986 as Deptford Pumping Station, is a sewage pumping station in the London Borough of Greenwich built in 1865 to the east of Deptford Creek. It is part of the London sewerage system devised by Sir Joseph Bazalgette in the mid 19th century. Today operated by Thames Water, it is located on the western side of Norman Road, approximately 0.5 km (0.31 mi) south west of Greenwich town centre, on the eastern bank of Deptford Creek, around 0.5 km (0.31 mi) south of its confluence with the River Thames.

River Ravensbourne
The River Ravensbourne is a tributary of the River Thames in south London, England. It flows north from near Bromley into the tidal River Thames at Deptford, where its tidal reach is known as Deptford Creek.
Tris(bipyridine)iron(II) chloride
Tris(bipyridine)iron(II) chloride is the chloride salt of the coordination complex tris(bipyridine)iron(II), [Fe(C10H8N2)3]2+ (often shortened to [Fe(bipy3]2+).  It is a red, water soluble solid. It is one of the most studied transition metal complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine.

Ferroin
Ferroin, also known as tris(o-phenanthroline)iron(II), is the chemical compound with the formula [Fe(o-phen)3]SO4, where o-phen is the abbreviation of ortho-phenanthroline for 1,10-phenanthroline, a bidentate ligand. The term "ferroin" is used loosely and includes salts of other anions such as chloride.   Ferroin is one of many transition metal complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline.
Tenea
Tenea (Greek: Τενέα) is a municipal unit within the municipality of Corinth, Corinthia, Peloponnese, Greece. The municipal unit has an area of 167.575 km2 (64.701 sq mi). Until 2011, its municipal seat was in Chiliomodi.

The modern city is named after ancient Tenea, established approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Corinth and 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Mycenae shortly after the Trojan War. According to Pausanias, Tenea's founders were Trojan prisoners of war whom Agamemnon had allowed to build their own town. The name Tenea is styled upon Tenedos, the founders' hometown, whose mythological eponym was the hero Tenes. Tenea and Rome, according to Virgil's Aeneid, had in the years following the Trojan War produced citizens of Trojan ancestry. Under the leadership of Archias in 734 or 733 BC, Teneans and Corinthians established the joint colony of Syracuse in Sicily, the homeland of Archimedes.

Corinth (municipality)
The municipality of Corinth is a Greek municipality located in the Peleponnese region established on 1 January 2011 under the Kallikratis Plan for local government reform. The municipality is made up of five previous municipalities: Assos-Lechaio, Corinth, Saronikos, Tenea and Solygeia. The area of the new municipality is 611.29 square kilometers and it has a population of 55,641, based on the 2021 census. The seat of the municipality is Corinth and its symbol is the Pegasus.
Science and technology in Belgium
Science and technology in Belgium is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. As Belgium is a federal state, science is organized at two levels. At the national level, there is the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), and each of the three regions, Brussels-Capital Region, Flanders and Wallonia, have their own regional science and technology development:

Science and technology in Brussels

Science and technology in Flanders

Science and technology in Wallonia

Belgium is known for its science and technology. It has also improved its weaponry. Belgium was ranked 21st in the Global Innovation Index in 2025.

Science and technology in Flanders
Science and technology in Flanders, being the Flemish Community  and more specifically the northern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. These are strongly spread over all Flemish cities, from Kortrijk and Bruges in the Western side, over Ghent as a major university center alongside Antwerp, Brussels and Leuven to Hasselt and Diepenbeek in the Eastern side.
Jakub Fontana
Jakub Fontana (1710 – 13 April 1773) was a Polish architect of Swiss Italian origin, a practitioner of the Baroque and Neoclassical styles. He was court architect to the Polish king. He was knighted in 1764. Jakub Fontana had a notable brother named Jan Kanty Fontana. His projects were influenced by Saxon Baroque, French Rococo and early Neoclassicism.

Jan Kanty Fontana
Jan Kanty Fontana (1731 - 1800) was an architect, surveyor, and burgrave of the Royal Castle, Warsaw. He was the son of Józef Fontana and the younger brother of Jakub Fontana. He was ennobled by King Stanisław August Poniatowski on 9 September 1769 and granted his own coat of arms, Fontana.
Mural paintings from the Herrera Chapel
The mural paintings from the Herrera Chapel are a group of mural paintings by Annibale Carracci and collaborators, of around 1602, now divided between the National Art Museum of Catalonia in Barcelona, and the Museo del Prado in Madrid.

They are frescoes that were painted for a chapel in Rome around 1604, but later transferred to canvas and moved to Spain by 1851.

Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore
Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore (lit. 'Our Lady of the Sacred Heart', also known as San Giacomo degli Spagnoli and in Spanish, Santiago de los Españoles) is a Catholic church dedicated to the Virgin Mary located in Rome's Piazza Navona.
Mercury, Nevada
Mercury is a closed village in Nye County, Nevada, United States, 5 miles (8.0 km) north of U.S. Route 95 at a point 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Las Vegas. It is situated within the Nevada National Security Site and was constructed by the Atomic Energy Commission to house and service the staff of the test site. The specific site was known as Jackass Flats and nearby Nevada Test Site 400. The site is governed by the United States Department of Energy. As part of the test site, the village is not accessible to the general public. It was named after the mercury mines which flourished in its general vicinity a century before the village itself was established. Its population is unknown.

Closed city
A closed city or town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied.

Historically, the construction of closed cities became increasingly common after the beginning of the Cold War, particularly in the Soviet Union. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, they remain widespread in Russia and some of the other post-Soviet countries. The Russian government officially designates these closed cities as "closed administrative–territorial formations" (ZATO; Russian: закрытые административно–территориальные образования [ЗАТО]), for the management and execution of high-value research and development concerning nuclear energy, weapons of mass destruction, or the space industry.
Haunted Junction
Haunted Junction (Japanese: HAUNTEDじゃんくしょん, Hepburn: Hōnteddo Jankushon) is a comedy anime and manga series created by Nemu Mukudori. The manga was serialized in the monthly manga magazine Dengeki Comic Gao! by MediaWorks from 1996 to 2001.  The anime, produced by Bandai Visual and Studio Deen, aired between 2 April 1997 and 25 June 1997.

Studio Deen
Studio Deen Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社スタジオディーン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Sutajio Dīn; sometimes stylized as Studio DEEN) is a Japanese animation studio founded in 1975 by former Sunrise producer Hiroshi Hasegawa, along with a team of ex-Sunrise animators. The studio owns three subsidiaries: Danny Donghua (丹尼動画), a Chinese sub-contracting studio; Megumi (め組), a digital work sub-contracting studio; and Umidori (うみどり), a 3DCG sub-contracting studio. Studio Deen has been operating as a subsidiary of IMA Group since April 2011.