hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical File System (Apple)
Hierarchical File System (HFS) is a proprietary file system developed by Apple Inc. for use in computer systems running Mac OS. Originally designed for use on floppy and hard disks, it can also be found on read-only media such as CD-ROMs. HFS is also referred to as Mac OS Standard (or HFS Standard), while its successor, HFS Plus, is also called Mac OS Extended (or HFS Extended).

With the introduction of Mac OS X 10.6, Apple dropped support for formatting or writing HFS Standard disks and images, which remained supported as read-only volumes until macOS 10.15. Starting with macOS 10.15, HFS Standard disks can no longer be read.

Hard Disk 20
The Macintosh Hard Disk 20 is the first hard drive developed by Apple Computer specifically for use with the Macintosh 512K. Introduced on September 17, 1985, it was part of Apple's solution toward completing the Macintosh Office (a suite of integrated business hardware & software) announced in January 1985. It would be over a year more before Apple would release the file server software AppleShare that would link all of the hardware together. By that time the SCSI interface introduced on the Macintosh Plus in January 1986, would accommodate far faster and more efficient hard drives, rendering the Hard Disk 20 virtually obsolete.
Liberation of Tirana
The Liberation of Tirana was the capture of the city by the communist forces during World War II in Albania. Albanian Partisans launched an attack on the German occupying forces in Tirana to seize the capital city.

World War II in Albania
In Albania, World War II began with its invasion by Italy in April 1939. Fascist Italy set up Albania as its protectorate or puppet state. The resistance was largely carried out by Communist groups against the Italian (until 1943) and then German occupation in Albania. At first independent, the Communist groups united in the beginning of 1942, which ultimately led to the successful liberation of the country in 1944.

The Center for Relief to Civilian Populations (Geneva) reported that Albania was one of the most devastated countries in Europe. 60,000 houses were destroyed and about 10% of the population was left homeless.
Plagiogeneion
Plagiogeneion i is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers, bonnetmouths or rubyfishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the  southeastern Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.

Emmelichthyidae
Emmelichthyidae is a small family of small to medium-sized marine ray-finned fishes known commonly as redbaits, rovers, bonnetmouths or rubyfishes.

The Emmelichthyidae are poorly known even among researchers who work in fish taxonomy, and as a result much is unknown about species in the family, such as how they feed, breed, and otherwise behave. The most recently discovered species of the family, the papillated redbait (Emmelichthys papillatus). was not identified and described until 2024.
SraC/RyeA RNA
The SraC/RyeA RNA is a non-coding RNA that was discovered in E. coli during two large scale screens for RNAs. The function of this RNA is currently unknown.  This RNA overlaps the SdsR/RyeB RNA on the opposite strand suggesting that the two RNAs may act in a concerted manner.

RyeB RNA
The SdsR/RyeB RNA is a non-coding RNA that was identified in a large scale screen of E. coli. The exact 5′ and 3′ ends of this RNA are uncertain. This RNA overlaps the SraC/RyeA RNA on the opposite strand suggesting that the two may act in a concerted manner. It is transcribed by general stress factor σs and is most highly expressed in stationary phase. SdsR/RyeB RNA interacts with Hfq.

The homologous sRNA in S. enterica was shown to regulate synthesis of major porin OmpD. A study using Salmonella identified 20 targets of this sRNA including transcriptional regulator, CRP,  global DNA-binding factors, StpA and HupB, the antibiotic transporter protein, TolC, and the RtsA/B two-component system (TCS), and validated their post-transcriptional control by SdsR/RyeB RNA.
Fedayeen (band)
Fedayeen is an American punk band, composed of Abu Taha al-Amriki, Raheem Vukas, Hajirah D. and Taha Husayn. They identify themselves with the Taqwacore Movement, a Muslim punk based sub-culture known for challenging extremism, homophobia, sexism, and violence.

Taqwacore
Taqwacore is a subgenre of punk music dealing with Islam, its culture, and interpretation. Originally conceived in Michael Muhammad Knight's 2003 novel, The Taqwacores, the name is a portmanteau of "hardcore" and the Arabic word "taqwa" (تقوى), which is usually translated as "piety" or the quality of being "God-fearing", and thus roughly denotes reverence and love of the divine. The scene is composed mainly of young Muslim artists living in the US and other Western countries, many of whom openly reject traditionalist interpretations of Islam, and thus live their own lifestyle within the religion or without.
Chicago Architecture Biennial
The Chicago Architecture Biennial is an international exhibition of architectural ideas, projects and displays. It seeks "to provide a platform for groundbreaking architectural projects and spatial experiments that demonstrate how creativity and innovation can radically transform our lived experience." Founded in 2014, the biennial is managed by a charitable corporation under the auspices of the city's Cultural Affairs department, and sponsored by public and private organizations and individuals.

EXPO Chicago
EXPO CHICAGO is an international contemporary and modern art exhibition held each year in Chicago, Illinois.

In July 2023, it was announced EXPO CHICAGO had been acquired by Frieze Art Fair.

EXPO CHICAGO will be held April 24–27, 2025 at Navy Pier, Chicago.
Rubus caesius
Rubus caesius is a Eurasian species of dewberry, known as the European dewberry. Like other dewberries, it is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, related to the blackberry and raspberry. It is widely distributed across much of Eurasia.

Dewberry
The dewberries are a group of species in the genus Rubus, section Rubus, closely related to the blackberries. They are small, trailing (rather than upright or high-arching) brambles with aggregate fruits, reminiscent of the raspberry, but are usually purple to black instead of red.
The Church Mice and the Ring
The Church Mice and the Ring is a children's picture book by English writer Graham Oakley. It is the eleventh in the Church Mice series. It chronicles the scrapes of the church mice as they try to find a home for a stray dog, a quest which soon comes to involve an easily lost diamond ring. It was published by Pan Macmillan.

The Church Mice series
The Church Mice series is a series of children's picture books written by English writer Graham Oakley. The books focus on the adventures of a group of church mice who live in an old gothic church in the fictional town of Wortlethorpe, England (based on the real life Cambridge), and their guardian, Sampson the cat. The books have been widely praised for their richly detailed illustrations and their witty, ironic humor. Several of the church mice books have been nominated for or won major literary awards.
Beatles '65
Beatles '65 is an album by the English rock band the Beatles that was issued in the United States and Canada in December 1964. Released as the North American alternative to Beatles for Sale, it was the band's fifth studio album culled by Capitol Records in the US from the Beatles' EMI releases. The LP was also issued in West Germany on the Odeon label.

In 2004, Beatles '65 was released on CD for the first time as part of The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 box set. In 2014, the album was reissued on CD, both individually and as part of the box set The U.S. Albums, using the UK mixes as remastered in 2009. In 2024, the album was reissued on vinyl as part of The Beatles: 1964 U.S. Albums in Mono, using the original master tapes rather than the UK mixes.

The U.S. Albums
The U.S. Albums is a box set compilation comprising the remastered American albums released by the Beatles between 1964 and 1970. The box set was released on 21 January 2014 in the United States, marking the fiftieth anniversary of the Beatles' first trip to the US and first American album from Capitol Records, Meet the Beatles!
Eschrichtiidae
Eschrichtiidae or the gray whales is a family of baleen whale (Parvorder Mysticeti) with a single extant species, the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), as well as four described fossil genera: Archaeschrichtius (Miocene), Glaucabalaena and Eschrichtioides (Pliocene) from Italy, and Gricetoides from the Pliocene of North Carolina. Some phylogenetic studies have found this family to be invalid, with its members nesting inside of the clade Balaenopteridae. The names of the extant genus and the family honours Danish zoologist Daniel Eschricht.

Glaucabalaena
Glaucabalaena is an extinct genus of gray whale that lived during the Pliocene epoch. The genus is known from a single species, Glaucabalaena inopinata, which was described in 2024 by Michelangelo Bisconti and colleagues based on the holotype specimen MGPT-PU 19512. This specimen consists of fragments of the skull and mandible, and was recovered from the Sabbie d'Asti Formation of Piedmont, Italy.
Fairchild PT-19
The Fairchild PT-19 (company designation Fairchild M62) is an American  monoplane primary trainer aircraft that served with the United States Army Air Forces, RAF and RCAF during World War II. Designed by Fairchild Aircraft, it was a contemporary of the Kaydet biplane trainer, and was used by the USAAF during Primary Flying Training. As with other USAAF trainers of the period, the PT-19 had multiple designations based on the powerplant installed.

Ranger L-440
The Ranger L-440 (company designation 6-440C)  are six-cylinder inline inverted air-cooled aero-engines produced by the Ranger Aircraft Engine Division of the Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation of Farmingdale, New York, United States. The engine was mainly produced for Fairchild's family of training aircraft in the mid-1930s.
Yala Hospital
Yala Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลยะลา) is the main hospital of Yala Province, Thailand. It is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which trains doctors for the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University. It is also an affiliated teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University.

Yala province
Yala (Thai: ยะลา, pronounced [já(ʔ).lāː] Malay: Jala) is the southernmost Province (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from northwest clockwise) Songkhla, Pattani, and Narathiwat. Yala is one of two landlocked provinces in southern Thailand, the other being Phatthalung. Its southern part borders Kedah and Perak of Malaysia.
Trento DOC
Trento DOC (Denominazione di origine controllata) is an appellation for white and rosé sparkling wine made in Trentino, Italy. Trentinos developed this appellation, the second in the world after Champagne, to ensure  quality and distinction.  Only Chardonnay, Pinot noir, and Pinot Meunier with Pinot blanc are permitted, and they must be grown in a well-defined area within the Province of Trento.

Ferrari Trento
Ferrari F.lli Lunelli S.p.A., or Ferrari Trento or Cantine Ferrari, is an Italian company specialized in the production of the traditional method sparkling wine, also called Metodo Classico or Méthode Classique.
Cirencester Town F.C.
Cirencester Town Football Club is a football club based in Cirencester, Gloucestershire, England. Affiliated to the Gloucestershire County FA, the club are currently members of the Hellenic League Premier Division and play at the Corinium Stadium.

Cirencester
Cirencester (/ˈsaɪ(ə)rənˌsɛstə/ ⓘ SY-rən-SEST-ə, occasionally /ˈsɪsɪtə/ ⓘ SIS-it-ə) is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswold District of Gloucestershire, England. It lies on the River Churn, a tributary of the Thames. Cirencester is the eighth largest settlement in Gloucestershire and the largest town within the Cotswolds. It is the home of the Royal Agricultural University, the oldest agricultural college in the English-speaking world, founded in 1840. The town had a population of 20,229 in 2021. The town is 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Swindon, 18 miles (29 km) south-east of Gloucester, 37 miles (60 km) west of Oxford and 39 miles (63 km) north-east of Bristol.

The Roman name for the town was Corinium, which is thought to have been associated with the ancient British tribe of the Dobunni, having the same root word as the River Churn. The earliest known reference to the town was by Ptolemy in AD 150. The town's Corinium Museum has an extensive Roman collection.
Villawood railway station
Villawood railway station is a heritage-listed railway station on the Main Southern railway line in the Sydney suburb of Villawood. It is served by Sydney Trains' T3 Liverpool & Inner West Line services.

Villawood
Villawood is a suburb in Western Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the local government areas City of Canterbury-Bankstown and City of Fairfield, and is located 27 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district.
CPAN
The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN: xvii ) is a software repository of over 220,000 software modules and accompanying documentation for 45,500 distributions, written in the Perl programming language by over 14,500 contributors. CPAN can denote either the archive network or the Perl program that acts as an interface to the network and as an automated software installer (somewhat like a package manager). Most software on CPAN is free and open source software.

CTAN
CTAN (an acronym for "Comprehensive TeX Archive Network") is the authoritative place where TeX-related material and software can be found for download. Repositories for other projects, such as the MiKTeX distribution of TeX, constantly mirror most of CTAN.
Crataegus populnea
Crataegus populnea is a hawthorn native to the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. The flowers have about 10 stamens with red to purple anthers, and the fruit are orange to red, about 1 cm in diameter, spherical or oblong. Crataegus compta is a variant with pear-shaped fruit.

Crataegus
Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
Seongnam FC
Seongnam Football Club (Korean: 성남 FC) is a South Korean professional football club based in Seongnam that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. It is one of the most successful clubs in South Korea and the Asian Football Confederation, having won seven K League 1 titles and 2 AFC Champions League titles.

2010 AFC Champions League
The 2010 AFC Champions League was the 29th edition of the top-level Asian club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 8th under the current AFC Champions League title. The final was held at the National Stadium in Tokyo on 13 November 2010. The winner, Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma, qualified for the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup in UAE.
Daman District, Afghanistan
31°12′N 65°48′E﻿ / ﻿31.2°N 65.8°E﻿ / 31.2; 65.8
Daman District is situated in the central part of the Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Panjwai and Kandahar districts to the west, Shah Wali Kot District to the north, Zabul Province to the northeast, Arghistan and Spin Boldak districts to the east and Reg District to the south. The population is 30,700 (2006). The center is the village of Daman, located in the central part of the district.  The area is irrigated by the Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority.

The Kandahar International Airport is in the central part of the district, South-West from Daman. The district is currently being focused by USAID and CIDA where hundreds of projects are being implemented.

Arghistan District
The Arghistan District (Pashto: ارغستان ولسوالۍ, Persian: ولسوالی ارغستان) is a district in the northeastern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Spin Boldak District to the south and west, Daman District to the west, Zabul Province to the north, Maruf District to the east, and Pakistan to the south. The population is 30,500 (2006). The district's center is the village of Arghistan, in the physical center of the district in the Arghistan River valley.
Paul Newman (band)
Paul Newman is an American, Austin-based post rock/math rock band, taking its name from its bass guitarist. Their music is largely instrumental, creating vast soundscapes with occasional interjections of both subtle and intense vocals.

Trance Syndicate
Trance Syndicate was an independent record label founded in 1990 by King Coffey, drummer of Austin, Texas band the Butthole Surfers.  Its first release was Crust's The Sacred Heart of Crust EP.  From 1990 to 1999, when the label closed down, Trance Syndicate released albums by several notable Texan bands and artists, including Pain Teens, Bedhead, Ed Hall, American Analog Set, Furry Things, …And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead and Roky Erickson.

Although defunct, Trance Syndicate is survived by the Emperor Jones label, formerly an arm of Trance.
CFRH-FM
CFRH-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 88.1 FM in Penetanguishene, Ontario. Owned and operated by the Radio-Huronie cooperative, it is a non-profit French-language community radio station for the region's Franco-Ontarian community.

Penetanguishene
Penetanguishene (/pɛnɪˈtæŋɡwɪʃiːn/ ⓘ, sometimes shortened to Penetang) is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It is located on the southeasterly tip of Georgian Bay. Incorporated on February 22, 1882, this bilingual (French and English) community has a population of 8,962 in the Canada 2016 Census.

The name Penetanguishene is believed to come from either the Wyandot or Abenaki via Ojibwe, meaning "land of the white rolling sands".
Ryukyu wood pigeon
The Ryukyu wood pigeon (Columba jouyi), otherwise known as the silver-banded or silver-crescented pigeon is an extinct species of dove of the genus Columba. This wood pigeon was endemic to the Laurel forest habitat.

Columba (genus)
The bird genus Columba comprises a genus of medium to large pigeons. The terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae, respectively. Columba species are mostly termed "pigeons", and in many cases "wood pigeons", but some (including the type species of the genus), are termed "doves". The rock dove (C. livia) has given rise to the majority of domesticated pigeon breeds, such as the racing pigeon and the fantail pigeon, some of which have become feral. Meanwhile, "wood pigeon" by itself usually means the common wood pigeon (C. palumbus).

This genus as understood today is native to the Old World, but some (notably the domestic and feral rock dove) have been introduced outside their natural range, for example in the Americas.
Holy Royal Arch
The Royal Arch is a degree of Freemasonry. The Royal Arch is present in all main masonic systems, though in some it is worked as part of Craft ('mainstream') Freemasonry, and in others in an appendant ('additional') order. Royal Arch Masons meet as a Chapter; in the Supreme Order of the Royal Arch as practised in the British Isles, much of Europe and the Commonwealth, Chapters confer the single degree of Royal Arch Mason.

Royal Arch Masonry
Royal Arch Masonry (also known as "Capitular Masonry") is the first part of the American York Rite system of Masonic degrees. Royal Arch Masons meet as a Chapter, and the Royal Arch Chapter confers four degrees: Mark Master Mason, Past Master, Most Excellent Master, and Royal Arch Mason.
Point Udall (Guam)
13°26′51.2″N 144°37′5.5″E﻿ / ﻿13.447556°N 144.618194°E﻿ / 13.447556; 144.618194

Point Udall, also called Orote Point, is the westernmost point (by travel, not longitude) in the territorial United States, located on the Orote Peninsula of Guam. It lies at the mouth of Apra Harbor, on the end of Orote Peninsula, opposite the Glass Breakwater of Cabras Island which forms the northern coast of the harbor. Many sources still call it Orote Point, such as the US Military's Orote Point Lanes bowling alley. The NRHP-listed Orote Historical Complex is located at the point.

Orote Historical Complex
The Orote Historical Complex is a series of prehistoric and historic features at the northern tip of the Orote Peninsula on the island of Guam.  This area is on the grounds of Naval Base Guam and requires military permission to see.

Major features include Fort Santiago, built by Spanish colonial authorities in the early 18th century to secure Apra Harbor, the so-called "Spanish Steps", which provide access from the fortifications to a well at the base of the cliff, which may actually be of early 20th-century American origin, and a series of rock shelters and caves exhibiting evidence of human occupation to the Pre-Latte Period (c. 3500 BCE).

The area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park
The Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park (German: Wild- und Wanderpark Südliche Weinstraße) is located in the Wasgau, a region on the Franco-German border that forms the southern part of the Palatine Forest and the northern part of the Vosges, near the village of Silz in the south of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The park is not named after the German Wine Route which passes about 6 kilometres away, but after the county of Südliche Weinstraße (literally "Southern Wine Road"). The tourist attraction receives about 100,000 visitors annually.

Wasgau
The Wasgau (German: Wasgau, French: Vasgovie) is a Franco-German hill range in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate and the French departments of Bas-Rhin and Moselle. It is formed from the southern part of the Palatine Forest and the northern part of the Vosges mountains, and extends from the River Queich in the north over the French border to the Col de Saverne in the south.

The highest hill in the entire Wasgau is the Grand Wintersberg (581 m above NHN) near Niederbronn-les-Bains in northern Alsace. Next, at 577 m is the only slightly lower Rehberg near Annweiler in the South Palatinate, which is the highest summit on German soil in the Wasgau.

The Wasgau forms the southern part of the Palatine Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve.
IBM 7090/94 IBSYS
IBSYS is a discontinued tape-based operating system that IBM supplied with its IBM 709, IBM 7090 and IBM 7094 computers, and a significantly different, though similar operating system provided with IBM 7040 and IBM 7044 computers. IBSYS was based on FORTRAN Monitor System (FMS) and (more likely) Bell Labs' "BESYS" rather than the  SHARE Operating System.
IBSYS directly supported several older computer language compilers and assemblers on the $EXECUTE card: 9PAC, FORTRAN and IBSFAP. Newer language processors ran under IBJOB.

IBM later provided similar facilities for the 7040/7044 as IBM 7040/7044 Operating System (16K/32K) 7040-PR-150 and for the IBM 1410/IBM 7010 as IBM 1410/7010 Operating System 1410-PR-155.

IBM 700/7000 series
The IBM 700/7000 series is a series of large-scale (mainframe) computer systems that were made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s. The series includes several different, incompatible processor architectures. The 700s use vacuum-tube logic and were made obsolete by the introduction of the transistorized 7000s. The 7000s, in turn, were eventually replaced with System/360, which was announced in 1964. However the 360/65, the first 360 powerful enough to replace 7000s, did not become available until November 1965. Early problems with OS/360 and the high cost of converting software kept many 7000s in service for years afterward.