hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
C. West Churchman
Charles West Churchman  (29 August 1913 – 21 March 2004) was an American philosopher and systems scientist, who was Professor at the School of Business Administration and Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his pioneering work in operations research, system analysis and ethics.

Umeå University
Umeå University (Swedish: Umeå universitet; Ume Sami: Ubmejen universitiähta; Meänkieli: Uumaja ynivärsiteetti); is a public research university located in Umeå, in the mid-northern region of Sweden. The university was founded in 1965 and is the fifth oldest within Sweden's present borders.

As of 2015, Umeå University has over 36,000 registered students (approximately 16,000 full-time students), including those at the postgraduate and doctoral level. It has more than 4,000 employees, half of which are teachers/researchers, including 310 professors.

Internationally, the university is known for research relating to the genome of the poplar tree and the Norway Spruce, and its highly ranked Institute of (industrial) Design.
The Speed of Darkness (play)
The Speed of Darkness is a 1989 play written by Steve Tesich. The play is about two Vietnam War veterans who meet again after eighteen years. One man, Joe. is a success, while the other, Lou, is a failure. A long hidden secret threatens to destroy both men.

The play opened in Chicago at the Goodman Theatre in 1989 and debuted on Broadway in 1991 at the Belasco Theatre. The 1991 production received two Tony Award nominations for best actor and actress in a play,

Steve Tesich
Stojan Steve Tesich (Serbian: Стојан Стив Тешић, Stojan Stiv Tešić; September 29, 1942 – July 1, 1996) was a Serbian-American screenwriter, playwright, and novelist. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1979 for the film Breaking Away.
Peach Springs Unified School District
The Peach Springs Unified School District is the school district in Peach Springs, Arizona. It consists of one elementary and middle school; there is no high school in the district, though Peach Springs once did have its own public high school, Music Mountain Junior/Senior High School. Peach Springs Unified currently pays other school districts to provide high school education. Kingman Unified School District and Seligman Unified School District accept Peach Springs students. As of 2009 all of the students are of the Hualapai American Indian people.

Peach Springs, Arizona
Peach Springs (Walapai: Hàkđugwi:v) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,098 at the 2020 census. Peach Springs serves as the administrative headquarters of the Hualapai people and is located on the Hualapai Reservation.
Magnetic Hill School
Magnetic Hill School is a K-8 school in Lutes Mountain, New Brunswick, Canada.

Today's Parent named it one of the top 40 schools in Canada, and former principal Carolyn Norman was named as one of Canada’s Outstanding Principals in 2005 by The Learning Partnership and the Canadian Association of Principals. Magnetic Hill continues to be a high achieving school with many ongoing community partnerships and programs.

Lutes Mountain, New Brunswick
Lutes Mountain is a Canadian community, located in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. The community is situated in southeastern New Brunswick, to the northwest of Moncton.  Lutes Mountain is located around the intersection of New Brunswick Route 126 and New Brunswick Route 128.
Ryzowie
Ryzowie [rɨˈzɔvjɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skórcz, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Gmina Skórcz
Gmina Skórcz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Skórcz, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 96.63 square kilometres (37.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,567.
The Coral Island (TV series)
The Coral Island is a children's television series, adapted from the 19th-century novel The Coral Island by Scottish author R. M. Ballantyne. The series of 4 episodes was a joint production of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Thames Television. It was filmed on location in the western Samoan village of Salamumu and then on the Whitsunday Islands off the Queensland coast in 1981.

The series was first broadcast in Australia on ABC-TV on 6 January 1983.

Nicholas Bond-Owen
Nicholas Bond-Owen (born 13 November 1968) (sometimes billed as Nick or Nicholas Owen) is a British child actor of the 1970s and 1980s best known for playing Tristram Fourmile in all five series of the popular comedy George and Mildred and in the film of the same name.
Torrejon High School
Torrejon High School was an U.S. United States Department of Defense (DOD) school located on Torrejon Air Force Base in Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain, outside of Madrid.  The school's predecessor was the Madrid High School which started in mid-1950s.  In September 1959, Torrejon High School opened in a converted barracks at Torrejon Air Base. Several years after this, the high school continued to be known as “Madrid High School until 1971 when the name was officially changed to “Torrejon High School".

In the early 1990s, the U.S. presence on Torrejon Air Force Base began to be phased out. After this, Torrejon High School graduated its last class in June 1992, and the school closed.

Torrejón de Ardoz
Torrejón de Ardoz (Spanish pronunciation: [toreˈxon de aɾˈðoθ]) is a municipality of Spain belonging to the Community of Madrid.

The European Union Satellite Centre (SatCen), an agency of the European Union, is located in Torrejón de Ardoz. It is also the location of the headquarters of the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), the Spanish space agency.

The Torrejón Air Base/Madrid–Torrejón Airport also lies on the municipality.
Richmond Hill, Leeds
Richmond Hill is a district of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The district lies a mile to the east of the city centre between York Road (A64 road), East End Park and Cross Green. The appropriate City of Leeds ward is Burmantofts and Richmond Hill.

A64 road
The A64 is a trunk road in North and West Yorkshire, England. It links Leeds, York and Scarborough. The A64 starts as the A64(M) ring road motorway in Leeds, then towards York it becomes a high-quality dual carriageway until it is east of the city, where it becomes a single carriageway for most of its route to Scarborough.

The road approximates a section of the old Roman road running from Chester to Bridlington, intersecting Ermine Street – the Old North Road – at York.
1992 Tour de France
The 1992 Tour de France was the 79th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 4 to 26 July. The total race distance was 21 stages and a prologue over 3,978 km (2,472 mi). In honor of the Maastricht Treaty, which created the European Union, the Tour visited a record seven countries: France, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and Italy.

Laurent Jalabert
Laurent Jalabert (born 30 November 1968) is a French former professional road racing cyclist, from 1989 to 2002. Despite neither denying nor admitting using EPO in his notorious cycling teams throughout the 1990s, French Senate investigation proved his EPO use in 2013.

Affectionately known as "Jaja" (slang for a glass of wine; when he continued drinking wine as a professional, the nickname stuck because of the similarity to his name), he won many one-day and stage races and was ranked number 1 in the world in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1999.

Although he never won the Tour de France, where he suffered altitude sickness, he won the Vuelta a España in 1995; as well as the leader's jersey, he won the sprinter's jersey and climber's jersey in the same race — only the third rider to have done this in a Grand Tour. With Alessandro Petacchi, Eddy Merckx, Djamolidine Abdoujaparov and Mark Cavendish, he is one of only five riders to win the points classification in all three grand tours.
Ozzy Lusth
Oscar "Ozzy" Lusth (born August 23, 1981) is an American reality show contestant who has appeared on several shows, including Survivor: Cook Islands; Survivor: Micronesia; Survivor: South Pacific; Survivor: Game Changers; and the upcoming 50th season, Survivor 50: In the Hands of the Fans; set to premiere on February 25, 2026. He also competed on the second season of American Ninja Warrior. and the Playboy reality series, Foursome.

Sandra Diaz-Twine
Sandra Diaz-Twine (born July 30, 1974) is an American television personality who became known for her appearances on the reality game show Survivor. She won the first two seasons she appeared on, Survivor: Pearl Islands and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, making her the show's first two-time winner. She returned for Survivor's 34th season, Survivor: Game Changers, where she was the 6th person voted out. Along with fellow Survivor contestant Rob Mariano, she was a non-competing mentor on the show's 39th season Survivor: Island of the Idols, and subsequently competed on the show's 40th season, Survivor: Winners at War, where she was the 7th person voted out and only player to leave the game at the Edge of Extinction. She also competed for a fifth time on Survivor on the Blood V Water edition of the Australian Survivor with her daughter Nina, which aired in 2022.

Diaz-Twine is regarded among fans as one of the greatest players on the show.
Barbodes amarus
Barbodes amarus, known as the pait locally, was a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Lake Lanao in Mindanao, the Philippines.  This species reached a length of 10.8 centimetres (4.3 in).  It was first identified from specimens collected from Lake Lanao in 1910 and 1922, and specimens were still present as recently as a 1982 survey of the lake. More recent surveys have failed to find species, and it is now considered extinct.

Lake Lanao
Lake Lanao (Maranao: Ranao or Ranaw) is a large ancient lake in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. With a surface area of 340 km2 (130 mi2), it is the largest lake in Mindanao, the deepest and second largest lake in the Philippines, and counted as one of the 15 ancient lakes in the world. Scholars have been pushing for the lake's inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The lake's native people call themselves the Maranao or Meranaw. Their name was derived from the name of the lake, meaning "the people living around the lake".
Inferior medullary velum
The inferior medullary velum (posterior medullary velum) is a thin layer of white substance, prolonged from the white center of the cerebellum, above and on either side of the nodule; it forms the infero-posterior part of the fourth ventricle.

Somewhat semilunar in shape, its convex edge is continuous with the white substance of the cerebellum, while its thin concave margin is apparently free; in reality, however, it is continuous with the epithelium of the ventricle, which is prolonged downward from the posterior medullary velum to the taeniae.

Fourth ventricle
The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. These cavities, known collectively as the ventricular system, consist of the left and right lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. The fourth ventricle extends from the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) to the obex, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The fourth ventricle has a characteristic diamond shape in cross-sections of the human brain. It is located within the pons or in the upper part of the medulla oblongata. CSF entering the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct can exit to the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord through two lateral apertures and a single, midline median aperture.
Swan's Island, Maine
Swan's Island is an island town in Hancock County, Maine, United States. It is named after Colonel James Swan, of Fife, Scotland, who purchased the island and some surrounding areas and organized their colonization in the eighteenth century. The population was 355 at the 2020 census. The town is accessible by state ferry service from Bass Harbor.

The island has a summertime population of approximately 1,000. There is a general store on the island, which opened in spring 2007, and at least one inn. There are also a number of small cottage-industry shops. The main industry is lobster fishing, which employs 40 people full-time and many others in part-time work.

Swan's Island is also home to the Sweet Chariot Music Festival, an annual summertime show of folk music and sea chanties.

Hancock County, Maine
Hancock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, the population was 55,478.  Its county seat is Ellsworth. The county was incorporated on June 25, 1789, and named for John Hancock, the first governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Kai-to
The kai-to, sometimes kaito or kaido (Chinese: 街渡; Jyutping: gaai1 dou2; pinyin: Jiēdù) is a type of small, motorised ferry that operates in Hong Kong. They are usually used to serve remote coastal settlements in the territory's outlying islands.

There are currently 78 fixed kai-to routes, mostly used to ferry passengers between the outlying islands of Lantau Island, Peng Chau, Cheung Chau, and Lamma Island, among others, to the west of Hong Kong, and to enclave villages in the Tolo Harbour, Double Haven, Port Shelter, etc. in eastern New Territories.

Certain routes within Victoria Harbour are still served by Kai-tos, including the Sai Wan Ho to Kwun Tong route.

Lantau Island
Lantau Island (also Lantao Island, Lan Tao or Lan Tau) is the largest island in Hong Kong. Located west of Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, it is part of the New Territories. Administratively, most of Lantau Island is part of the Islands District of Hong Kong. A small northeastern portion of the island is located in the Tsuen Wan District.

Originally an island with fishing villages, it has been developed since the late 20th century with the construction of Tung Chung New Town on its north-western coast and the completion of several major infrastructure projects, including Lantau Link (1997), Hong Kong International Airport (1998), Hong Kong Disneyland (2005), and the Ngong Ping 360 gondola lift (2006).
Charles Isham
Sir Charles Edmund Isham, 10th Baronet (16 December 1819 – 7 April 1903) was an English landowner and gardener based at Lamport Hall, Northamptonshire. He is credited with beginning the tradition of garden gnomes in the United Kingdom when he introduced a number of terracotta figures from Germany in the 1840s. Nicknamed "Lampy", the only gnome of the original batch to survive is on display at Lamport Hall and insured for £1 million.

Garden gnome
Garden gnomes (German: Gartenzwerge, lit. 'garden dwarfs') are lawn ornament figurines of small humanoid creatures based on the  mythological creature and diminutive spirit which occur  in Renaissance magic and alchemy, known  as gnomes. They also draw on the German folklore of the dwarf.

Traditionally, the garden figurines depict male dwarfs wearing red pointy hats. Typically, gnomes stand between one and two feet (30 and 60 cm). Originating as a decoration for the wealthy in Europe, garden gnomes are now prevalent in gardens and lawns throughout the Western world, among all social classes. They are regarded by some as kitsch.
2 Years On
2 Years On is the eighth studio album by the Bee Gees, released in 1970. The album saw the return of Robin Gibb to the group after an earlier disagreement and subsequent split following Odessa. 2 Years On was the first album with drummer Geoff Bridgford, who remained a full-time member of the group until 1972 although he was not pictured on the sleeve. The best-known track is "Lonely Days" which was released as the album's first single. It charted high in the US (No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the rival chart Cashbox), but only reached No. 33 in the United Kingdom. The album reached No. 32 on the US charts.

Lonely Days
"Lonely Days" is a ballad written and performed by the Bee Gees. It appeared on their album 2 Years On, and was released as a single, becoming their first Top Five hit in the US, peaking at number three in the Billboard Hot 100 and reaching number one in the Cashbox and Record World charts. Barry Gibb later re-recorded the song with country quartet Little Big Town for his 2021 album Greenfields.
Bernard A. Hennig
Bernard A. Hennig (1917 – 2014) was an American philatelist based in Chicago, who acted as chairman of the 1986 Ameripex international exhibition, held in the Chicago area. His main collecting area was Danzig, including proofs, essays and covers, as well as the stamps of Guatemala. He was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1982.  Hennig was awarded the Lichtenstein Medal in 1987.  The American Association of Philatelic Exhibitors initiated the Bernard A. Hennig Award in 2007 and he received the first Award.  He was inducted into the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 2015.

Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
The Roll of Distinguished Philatelists (RDP) is a philatelic award of international scale, created by the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain in 1921 to honour those who have advanced philately through research, expertise, or service. The Roll consists of five pieces of parchment to which the signatories add their names. New honorees continue to be added annually.
Boontling
Boontling is a jargon or argot spoken only in Boonville, California. The town was named after a man named W.W. Boone, the second cousin to Daniel Boone, who settled in the area in  the 1850s. Back then, members of the community included sheep herders and apple farmers. Boontling was created in the 1890s. As of 2015, it was considered nearly extinct, with fewer than 100 living speakers, many of whom were not fluent. It has an Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) sub-tag of boont (i.e. en-boont). The lingo has become somewhat infamous, at least in local circles or within the legends of California, owing to its small-town nature and curious-sounding name, as well as its very limited speakership.

The language gained attention in the 1960s and 1970s from researchers like Myrtle R. Rawles and Charles C. Adams, as well as publicity brought from Boontling-speaker Bobby (Chipmunk) Glover and historian Jack (Wee Fuzz) June.

Cant (language)
A cant is the jargon or language of a group, often employed to exclude or mislead people outside the group. It may also be called a cryptolect, argot, pseudo-language, anti-language or secret language. Each term differs slightly in meaning; their uses are inconsistent.
Jayamahal Assembly constituency
Jayamahal Assembly constituency was one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India. It was a part of Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency. It was replaced by Hebbal Assembly constituency in the 2008 delimitation.

Jeevaraj Alva
Jeevaraj Alva (18 April 1947 – 12 February 2001) was an Indian politician from the State of Karnataka. He held multiple portfolios such as Kannada and culture, youth affairs and sports, higher education and information in the government of Karnataka. Alva was serving as vice-president of the Janata Dal (United) when he died in 2001, aged 53.
The Purple Taxi
The Purple Taxi (French: Un taxi mauve, lit. 'A mauve taxi') is a 1977 French-Irish-Italian film directed by Yves Boisset, based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Michel Déon. It was entered into the 1977 Cannes Film Festival.

Michel Déon
Michel Déon (French: [deɔ̃]; 4 August 1919 – 28 December 2016) was a French novelist and literary columnist. He published over 50 works and was the recipient of numerous awards, including the Prix Interallié for his 1970 novel, Les Poneys sauvages (The Wild Ponies). Déon's 1973 novel Un taxi mauve received the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française. His novels have been translated into numerous languages.

He is considered to have been one of the most innovative French writers of the 20th century. In 1978, Déon was elected to the Académie française.
British Rail Class 08
The British Rail Class 08 is a class of diesel–electric shunting locomotives built by British Railways (BR). As the standard BR general-purpose diesel shunter, the class became a familiar sight at major stations and freight yards. Since their introduction in 1952, however, the nature of rail traffic in Britain has changed considerably. Freight trains are now mostly fixed rakes of wagons, and passenger trains are mostly multiple units or have driving van trailers, neither requiring the attention of a shunting locomotive. Consequently, a large proportion of the class has been withdrawn from mainline use and stored, scrapped, exported or sold to industrial or heritage railways.

As of 2020, around 100 locomotives remained working on industrial sidings and on the main British railway network. On heritage railways, they have become particularly common, appearing on many of the preserved standard-gauge lines in Britain, with over 80 preserved, including the first one built.

Glossary of United Kingdom railway terms
This article contains a list of jargon used to varying degrees by railway enthusiasts, trainspotters, and railway employees in the United Kingdom, including nicknames for various locomotives and multiple units. Although not exhaustive, many of the entries in this list appear from time to time in specialist, rail-related publications. There may be significant regional variation in usage.
Edward Taylor
Edward Taylor (c.1642 – June 29, 1729) was a colonial American poet, pastor and physician of English origin. His work remained unpublished for some 200 years but since then has established him as one of the foremost writers of his time. His poetry has been characterized as "American Baroque" as well as Metaphysical.

Metaphysical poets
The term Metaphysical poets was coined by the critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of 17th-century English poets whose work was characterised by the inventive use of conceits, and by a greater emphasis on the spoken rather than lyrical quality of their verse. These poets were not formally affiliated and few were highly regarded until 20th century attention established their importance.

Given the lack of coherence as a movement, and the diversity of style among poets, it has been suggested that calling them Baroque poets after their era might be more useful. Once the Metaphysical style was established, however, it was occasionally adopted by other and especially younger poets to fit appropriate circumstances.
Avanigadda mandal
Avanigadda mandal is one of the 25 mandals in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Machilipatnam revenue division and the headquarters are located at Avanigadda. The mandal is bounded by Mopidevi, Koduru and Nagayalanka mandals.

Machilipatnam revenue division
Machilipatnam revenue division (or Machilipatnam division) is an administrative division in the Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 3 revenue divisions in the district with 12 mandals under its administration. Machilipatnam serves as the headquarters of the division. The division has 2 municipalities namely, Machilipatnam and Pedana.