hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Syamzhensky District
Syamzhensky District (Russian: Ся́мженский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Vozhegodsky District in the north, Verkhovazhsky District in the northeast, Totemsky District in the east, Sokolsky District in the south, and with Kharovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,900 square kilometers (1,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Syamzha. District's population: 8,745 (2010 Census); 10,384 (2002 Census); 12,204 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Syamzha accounts for 45.2% of the district's total population.

Vozhegodsky District
Vozhegodsky District (Russian: Вожего́дский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Verkhovazhsky District in the east, Syamzhensky District in the southeast, Kharovsky District in the south, Ust-Kubinsky District in the southwest, and with Kirillovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 5,500 square kilometers (2,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Vozhega. Population: 16,790 (2010 Census); 18,976 (2002 Census); 22,470 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Vozhega accounts for 40.1% of the district's total population.
Kaag
Kaag is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Kaag en Braassem, and lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 miles) northeast of Leiden.

The village of Kaag lies on an island called Kagereiland in the Kager Lakes (Kagerplassen). To reach De Kaag, a ferry can be taken from Buitenkaag all year or Zevenhuizen in the summer months.

De Kaag is also part of an area called the Duin- en Bollenstreek ("Dune and Bulb Region").

The village is conventionally referred to as "De Kaag", but the name reported on both English and Dutch maps is just "Kaag".

Kagerplassen
The Kagerplassen (a Dutch term meaning "the Kaag Lakes") is a small lake system in South Holland located to the northeast of Leiden. The Kaag Lakes are a popular area for boating, watersports, fishing, camping and walking. Windmills, waterfront pasture land (weilanden) with grazing animals, quaint Dutch boats and buildings and (in season) flower fields are all part of the charm of boating and walking in this area.
Aomori
Aomori (青森, Aomori; IPA: [aoꜜmoɾi]), officially Aomori City (青森市, Aomori-shi), is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 264,945 in 136,781 households, and a population density of 321 people per square kilometer spread over the city's total area of 824.61 km2 (318.38 sq mi). Aomori is one of Japan's 62 core cities and the core of the Aomori metropolitan area.

Aomori metropolitan area
The Aomori metropolitan area (青森都市圏, Aomori toshi-ken), also known as the Tōsei area (東青地域, Tōsei chiiki) is a metropolitan region in the Japanese prefecture of Aomori that includes the city of Aomori and its surrounding satellites, Hiranai, Imabetsu, Sotogahama, and Yomogita. The metropolitan area is defined as the Aomori Urban Employment Area by the Statistics Bureau of Japan (SBJ) and the Center for Spatial Information Service of the University of Tokyo.
Oenanthe javanica
Oenanthe javanica, commonly Java waterdropwort, water celery, water dropwort, Chinese celery, Indian pennywort, minari and Japanese (flat leaf) parsley, is a plant of the genus Oenanthe originating from East Asia. It has a widespread native distribution in temperate Asia and tropical Asia, and is also native to Queensland, Australia.

This plant should not be confused with the plants of the genus Cryptotaenia, sometimes called "Japanese wild parsley" (mitsuba in Japanese), Apium graveolens var. secalinum which is also called "Chinese celery", or other plants called "water dropwort" and "water celery".

Nanakusa-no-sekku
The Festival of Seven Herbs or Nanakusa no sekku (Japanese: 七草の節句) is the long-standing Japanese custom of eating seven-herb rice porridge (七草粥, nanakusa-gayu, lit. "7 Herbs Rice-Congee") on January 7 (人日, Jinjitsu); one of the Gosekku.
Gyrus
In neuroanatomy, a gyrus (pl.: gyri) is a ridge on the cerebral cortex.  It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci (depressions or furrows; sg.: sulcus). Gyri and sulci create the folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals.

Neuronal migration disorder
Neuronal migration disorder (NMD) refers to a heterogenous group of disorders that, it is supposed, share the same etiopathological mechanism: a variable degree of disruption in the migration of neuroblasts during neurogenesis. The neuronal migration disorders are termed cerebral dysgenesis  disorders, brain malformations caused by primary alterations during neurogenesis; on the other hand, brain malformations are highly diverse and refer to any insult to the brain during its formation and maturation due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes that ultimately will alter the normal brain anatomy. However, there is some controversy in the terminology because virtually any malformation will involve neuroblast migration, either primarily or secondarily.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Red River County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Red River County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Red River County, Texas. There are two districts and five individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. Two individually listed properties are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks including one that is also a State Antiquities Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Red River County, Texas
Red River County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,587. Its county seat is Clarksville. The county was created in 1835 and organized in 1837. It is named for the Red River, which forms its northern boundary. Red River County was the birthplace of John Nance Garner, 32nd Vice President of the United States.
Afghan Constitution Commission
The Afghan Constitution Commission (or Afghan Constitutional Commission) was established October 5, 2002 as required by the Bonn Agreement, which stipulated that a new Afghan constitution be adopted by a loya jirga. The loya jirga was required to convene within eighteen months of the establishment of Afghan Transitional Administration, which was established by the Emergency Loya Jirga in June 2002. After some delay, the proposed Afghan Constitution was presented to President Hamid Karzai on November 3, 2003. A loya jirga began December 14, 2003 (four days after schedule) in Kabul and was endorsed January 4, 2004.

Bonn Agreement (Afghanistan)
The Bonn Agreement (officially the Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-Establishment of Permanent Government Institutions) was the initial series of agreements passed on December 5, 2001 during an international conference on Afghanistan held in Bonn. It was intended to re-create the Islamic State of Afghanistan following the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan that followed the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Since no nationally agreed-upon government had existed in Afghanistan since 1979, it was felt necessary to have a transition period before a permanent government was established. A nationally agreed-upon government would require at least one loya jirga to be convened; however, in the absence of law and order in the wake of the rapid victory of American and Afghan Northern Alliance forces, immediate steps were felt to be required.
American Library Association
The American Library Association (ALA) is a nonprofit organization based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. It is the oldest and largest library association in the world.

RUSA awards
The Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) is a division of the American Library Association (ALA). In 1972, the Adult Services Division and the Reference Services Division of the ALA were merged into the Reference and Adult Services Division (RASD), which created the RUSA in 1996.

RUSA gives out annual awards to notable books, media, and professional librarians. Awards are selected by RUSA's Collection Development and Evaluation Section (CODES) committees, the Business Reference and Service Section (BRASS), and the History Section (HS).

Book and Media Awards include "Notable Books for Adults", selected by the RUSA Notable Books Council since 1944. The Notable Books Council is in the RUSA CODES Section. RUSA also recognizes outstanding professional achievement in reference librarianship and its many specialties with annual achievement awards at the division level and by each section.
Edison Sault Power Canal
The Edison Sault Power Canal supplies the Saint Marys Falls Hydropower Plant, a Cloverland Electric Cooperative hydroelectric plant, in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Excavation of the power canal began in September 1898 and was completed in June 1902.  The canal and hydroelectric complex were named a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1983.

Saint Marys Falls Hydropower Plant
The Saint Marys Falls Hydropower Plant (also known as the Edison Sault Power Plant, Michigan Lake Superior Hydroelectric Power Plant, and the Cloverland Electric Cooperative Power House) is an 18-MW hydroelectric generating plant located in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan (the "Soo").  It extracts water from the St. Marys River under the supervision of the Army Corps of Engineers, and the power is taken up and distributed by the Cloverland Electric Cooperative, a rural utility that serves the Soo area.
Bernard Hanks
Bernard Hanks (September 19, 1884 – December 12, 1948) was a co-founder of the media company Harte Hanks. After attending Baylor University, Hanks worked for a time in the grocery business, but was soon working for the Abilene Daily Reporter. He began managing the newspaper some time in the 1920s, around the time that he met the owner of the San Angelo Standard-Times, Houston Harte. They went on to found what became the Harte Hanks newspaper chain, which eventually evolved into a marketing company.

Harte Hanks
Harte Hanks is a global marketing services company headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Harte Hanks services include analytics, strategy, marketing technology, creative services, digital marketing, customer care, direct mail, logistics, and fulfillment.
Ancient Northeast Asian
In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient Northeast Asian (ANA), also known as Amur ancestry, is the name given to an ancestral component that represents the lineage of the hunter-gatherer people of the 7th–4th millennia before present, in far eastern Siberia, Mongolia, and the Baikal regions. They are inferred to have diverged from Ancient East Asians about 24kya ago, and are represented by several ancient human specimens found in archaeological excavations east of the Altai Mountains. They are a sub-group of the Ancient Northern East Asians (ANEA).

ANA ancestry is represented by hunter-gatherer remains from the Amur region, as well as remains found in present-day Mongolia.

Chertovy Vorota Cave
Chertovy Vorota Cave, also known as Devil's Gate Cave is a Neolithic archaeological site located in the Sikhote-Alin mountains, about 12 km (7 mi) from the town of Dalnegorsk in Primorsky Krai, Russia. The karst cave is located on a limestone cliff and lies about 35 m (115 ft) above the Krivaya River, a tributary of the Rudnaya River, below. Chertovy Vorota provides secure evidence for some of the oldest surviving textiles found in the archaeological record.
Digigraphics
Digigraphics was one of the first graphical computer aided design systems to go on sale. Originally developed at Itek on the PDP-1 as EDM (Electronic Drafting Machine), the efforts were purchased by Control Data Corporation and ported to their machines, along with a new graphics terminal to support it. Systems cost almost $500,000 and supported only a few users at a time, so in spite of a number of advantages it was not cost competitive with traditional manual methods and only a few systems were sold.

DAC-1
DAC-1, for Design Augmented by Computer, was one of the earliest graphical computer aided design systems. Developed by General Motors, IBM was brought in as a partner in 1960 and the two developed the system and released it to production in 1963. It was publicly unveiled at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in Detroit 1964. GM used the DAC system, continually modified, into the 1970s when it was succeeded by CADANCE.
Liquid water content
The liquid water content (LWC) is the measure of the mass of the water in a cloud in a specified amount of dry air. It is typically measured per volume of air (g/m3) or mass of air (g/kg) (Bohren, 1998).  This variable is important in figuring out which types of clouds are likely to form and is strongly linked to three other cloud microphysical variables: the cloud drop effective radius, the cloud drop number concentration, and the cloud drop size distribution (Wallace, 2006).  Being able to determine the cloud formations that are likely to occur is extremely useful for weather forecasting as cumulonimbus clouds are related to thunderstorms and heavy rain whereas cirrus clouds are not directly associated with precipitation.

Cloud drop effective radius
The cloud drop effective radius (alternatively cloud effective radius or simply effective radius when in context) is a weighted mean of the size distribution of cloud droplets. The term was defined in 1974 by James E. Hansen and Larry Travis as the ratio of the third to the second moment of a droplet size distribution to aid in the inversion of remotely sensed data. Physically, it is an area weighted radius of the cloud drop particles.
Mathematically, this can be expressed as

The global effective particle radius has different values for water and ice clouds: the former is around 14 μm, whereas for ice it is around 25 μm. Studies also indicate that the effective cloud droplet radius is larger over oceans than over land by 15%–20%. By contrast, the difference in the ice particle size over land and oceans is much smaller (only 5%).
Manx Northern Railway
The Manx Northern Railway (MNR) was the second common carrier railway built in the Isle of Man. It was a steam railway between St John's and Ramsey. It operated as an independent concern only from 1879 to 1905.

Isle of Man Railway rolling stock
The rolling stock used on the Isle of Man Railway today is entirely original. Although the number of serviceable carriages dropped from an original total of 75 to as low as 14, this total is once again increasing due to recent rebuilds. The 3 ft (914 mm) gauge railway has been provided with a variety of stock from different manufacturers over its time. Types of coaches were categorized according to a lettering system: the original four-wheeled coaches were designated as A, B, C, and D types, and so on. The F prefix encompassed all bogie vehicles, including conversions from the A-D series. Letters G-M denoted goods stock, while N referred to ex-Manx Northern Railway six-wheel carriages.
Agmatine
Agmatine, also known as 4-aminobutyl-guanidine, was discovered in 1910 by Albrecht Kossel. It is a chemical substance which is naturally created from the amino acid arginine. Agmatine has been shown to exert modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, notably: neurotransmitter systems, ion channels, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and polyamine metabolism and this provides bases for further research into potential pharmacological applications.

Imidazoline receptor
Imidazoline receptors are the primary receptors on which clonidine and other imidazolines act. There are three main classes of imidazoline receptor: I1 is involved in inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system to lower blood pressure, I2 has as yet uncertain functions but is implicated in several psychiatric conditions, and I3 regulates insulin secretion.
Dodge Charger (2006)
The sixth and seventh-generation Dodge Charger are full-size four-door sedans, first introduced at the 2005 North American International Auto Show and built by American automobile manufacturer Stellantis North America, a subsidiary of Stellantis. It is available in rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive drivetrains. The Charger was developed to continue the Dodge Charger line with its muscle car heritage, and replaced the Dodge Intrepid as Dodge's full-size sedan. The seventh-generation Charger debuted for the 2011 model year.

LA Auto Show
The Los Angeles Auto Show, also known as the LA Auto Show, is an auto show held annually at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is open to the public for ten days, filling 760,000 square feet (71,000 m2) of exhibit space. Since 2006 the event is held in November or December.

The LA Auto Show is an OICA sanctioned international exhibition.  It is one of the four major auto shows in North America together with Detroit, Chicago and New York.

The show begins with AutoMobility LA,  a several day press showing.
Blaenffos
Blaenffos is a small village of around 200 inhabitants in the north of Pembrokeshire, Wales, in the community of Boncath. It sits on the boundary between the former parishes of Llanfihangel Penbedw and Castellan Chapelry (part of Penrydd parish).

Lying one mile to the north of Crymych, Blaenffos has an average elevation of 200 metres (660 ft), lying on the western slopes of Y Frenni which at 395 metres (1,296 ft) is the most easterly peak in the Preseli Hills. The village straddles the A478 former drovers' road which runs from Cardigan in Ceredigion south to Tenby, is surrounded by farmland, and is in the heart of Welsh-speaking Pembrokeshire with a rich history and associated folklore.

Crymych
Crymych (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village of around 800 inhabitants and a community (population 1,739) in the northeast of Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is situated approximately 800 feet (240 m) above sea level at the eastern end of the Preseli Mountains, on the old Tenby to Cardigan turnpike road, now the A478.

The village developed around  the former Crymmych Arms railway station on the now-closed Whitland to Cardigan Railway, nicknamed Cardi Bach (Little Cardi).

Crymych, which is twinned with Plomelin in Brittany, has an elected community council. The village has given its name to an electoral ward of Pembrokeshire that encompasses the villages of Crymych itself and Eglwyswrw. The community includes Hermon, Glandwr, Glogue and Llanfyrnach.
Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands. Along with the Geneva Conventions, the Hague Conventions were among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the body of secular international law. A third conference was planned for 1914 and later rescheduled for 1915, but it did not take place because of the start of World War I. Article 22 states that, "the right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited.”

Looting
Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage.

Throughout history, the practice of war looting was often considered a customary right of victorious armies until the development of modern international humanitarian law.

Looting by a victorious army during war has been a common practice throughout recorded history. In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly after World War II, norms against wartime plunder became widely accepted. In modern armed conflicts, looting is prohibited by international law, and constitutes a war crime. The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 explicitly prohibited pillage and looting, codifying earlier efforts to restrain the practice in European warfare.
Symphony No. 9 (Dvořák)
The Symphony No. 9 in E minor, "From the New World", Op. 95, B. 178 (Czech: Symfonie č. 9 e moll "Z nového světa"), also known as the New World Symphony, was composed by Antonín Dvořák in 1893 while he was the director of the National Conservatory of Music of America from 1892 to 1895. It premiered in New York City on 16 December 1893. It is one of the most popular of all symphonies. In older literature and recordings, this symphony was – as for its first publication – numbered as Symphony No. 5. 
The symphony was completed in the building that now houses the Bily Clocks Museum in Spillville, Iowa.

Astronaut Neil Armstrong took a tape recording including the New World Symphony along during the Apollo 11 mission, the first Moon landing, in 1969.

Harry Burleigh
Harry Burleigh (born Henry Thacker Burleigh, December 2, 1866 – September 12, 1949) was an American classical composer, arranger, and professional singer known for his baritone voice. The first black composer who was instrumental in developing characteristically American music, Burleigh made black music available to classically trained artists both by introducing them to spirituals and by arranging spirituals in a more classical form.
Burleigh also introduced Antonín Dvořák to Black American music, which influenced some of Dvořák's most famous compositions and led him to say that Black music would be the basis of an American classical music.
Reinoksvatnet
Reinoksvatnet (Norwegian) or Hierggejávrre (Lule Sami) (lit. 'Reindeer Lake') is a lake in Hamarøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the village of Mørsvikbotn and less than 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the border with Sweden.

Hamarøy Municipality
Hamarøy (Norwegian) or Hábmer (Lule Sami) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Oppeid. Other villages include Drag, Hellmobotn, Innhavet, Karlsøy, Korsnes, Presteid, Skutvika, Tømmerneset, Tranøya, and Ulvsvåg.

The 2,020-square-kilometre (780 sq mi) municipality is the 36th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Hamarøy Municipality is the 243rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,729. The municipality's population density is 1.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.6/sq mi) and its population has increased by about 50% over the previous 10-year period (due to the enlargement of the municipality when part of Tysfjord Municipaltiy became part of Hamarøy in 2020).
Bukor
Bukor (Serbian Cyrillic: Букор) is a village in the municipality of Šabac, Serbia. Its population dropped from 818 in 2002 to 620 in 2011.

According to the 2011 census the average age in the village is 46.8.

Šabac
Šabac (Serbian Cyrillic: Шабац, pronounced [ʃâbat͡s]) is a city and the administrative centre of the Mačva District in western Serbia. The traditional centre of the fertile Mačva region, Šabac is located on the right banks of the river Sava. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has population of 51,163, while its administrative area comprises 105,432 inhabitants.