hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Castle, Saint Helena
The Castle is the main government building of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, located in Jamestown on the island of Saint Helena. A Grade I-listed building, the oldest parts of the complex date to 1708, but it was largely reconstructed in the 1860s because of termite damage. It does not have the appearance of a typical castle, though historically the site was part of the East India Company fortifications of Jamestown.

Jamestown, Saint Helena
Jamestown is the capital city of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, located on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is also the historic main settlement of the island and is on its north-western coast. Before the development of the port at Rupert's Bay, it was the island's only port and the centre of the island's road and communications network. It was founded when colonists from the English East India Company settled on the island in 1659 and was briefly occupied by the Dutch East India Company in 1673 before being recaptured. Many of the buildings built by the East India Company in the 18th century survive and give the town its distinctive Georgian flavour.

The city briefly hosted Napoleon in 1815 during his exile on St. Helena and later served as a base for the Royal Navy's efforts to suppress the slave trade. It had no role during the First World War and only played a minor role during the Second World War.
Line perfect graph
In graph theory, a line perfect graph is a graph whose line graph is a perfect graph. Equivalently, these are the graphs in which every odd-length simple cycle is a triangle.

A graph is line perfect if and only if each of its biconnected components is a bipartite graph, the complete graph K4, or a triangular book K1,1,n. Because these three types of biconnected component are all perfect graphs themselves, every line perfect graph is itself perfect. By similar reasoning, every line perfect graph is a parity graph, a Meyniel graph, and a perfectly orderable graph.

Line perfect graphs generalize the bipartite graphs, and share with them the properties that the maximum matching and minimum vertex cover have the same size, and that the chromatic index equals the maximum degree.

Parity graph
In graph theory, a parity graph is a graph in which every two induced paths between the same two vertices have the same parity: either both paths have odd length, or both have even length. This class of graphs was named and first studied by Burlet & Uhry (1984).
Bede Sixth Form College
Bede Sixth Form College is a further education sixth-form college, based in Billingham, County Durham, England. The college provides A-Level, vocational courses, apprenticeship training, and higher education courses. It is a TASS accredited college, with a dedicated sports centre situated on its site.

It was established in 1972, following a reorganisation of various schools on the Billingham Campus site. The college took its name from the famous Northumbrian scholar The Venerable Bede. It merged with Stockton Riverside College in May 2008. The college group now also includes Redcar and Cleveland College, NETA Training and The Skills Academy, it is known as the Education Training Collective (Etc.).

Stockton Riverside College
Stockton Riverside College is a further education college located in Thornaby-on-Tees, North Yorkshire, England. The college offers vocational courses, apprenticeship training, higher education and professional courses.

It is part of the Education Training Collective, including Redcar and Cleveland College, Bede Sixth Form College, NETA Training and The Skills Academy. The college is a partner of the Teesside University College Partnership (TUCP).
Demmin (district)
53°45′N 13°00′E﻿ / ﻿53.75°N 13.0°E﻿ / 53.75; 13.0

Demmin (German pronunciation: [dɛˈmiːn]) is a former Kreis (district) in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It was bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Müritz, Güstrow, Nordvorpommern, Ostvorpommern and Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Mecklenburg-Strelitz (district)
Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Neighboring districts were (from the north clockwise) Demmin, Ostvorpommern Uecker-Randow, the districts Uckermark, Oberhavel and Ostprignitz-Ruppin in Brandenburg, and the district Müritz. The district-free city Neubrandenburg was nearly surrounded by the district.
Tanimbar megapode
The Tanimbar megapode or Tanimbar scrubfowl (Megapodius tenimberensis) is a small megapode endemic to the Tanimbar Islands of  Indonesia. It is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the orange-footed scrubfowl, Megapodius reinwardt.

It is a terrestrial bird the size of a domestic chicken, which is found in a range of forest and scrub habitats.

It feeds on seeds, fallen fruit and terrestrial invertebrates.  Like other megapodes, it nests in large mounds of sand, leaf litter and other debris where the heat generated by the decomposition of organic material serves to incubate the eggs.

Orange-footed scrubfowl
The orange-footed scrubfowl (Megapodius reinwardt), also known as orange-footed megapode or just scrubfowl, is a small megapode of the family Megapodiidae native to many islands in the Lesser Sunda Islands as well as southern New Guinea and northern Australia.
Küstendorf
Küstendorf (Serbian: Kustendorf / Кустендорф), also known as Drvengrad (Serbian Cyrillic: Дрвенград, lit. 'Timber Town', pronounced [dř̩ʋeŋɡrad]) and Mećavnik (Serbian Cyrillic: Мећавник, pronounced [mětɕaːʋniːk]), is a traditional village that the Serbian film director Emir Kusturica built for his film Life Is a Miracle from 2003 to 2004. It is located near the village of Mokra Gora in western Serbia, in the administrative area of Užice. Kusturica was the 2005 recipient of the Philippe Rotthier European Architecture award.

Life Is a Miracle
Life Is a Miracle (Serbian: Život je čudo / Живот је чудо) is a Serbian drama film directed by Emir Kusturica in 2004. It was entered into the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, where the lead animal actor, Acrobatic Dog, won the Palm Dog award. It received nomination at the Golden Eagle Award in 2005 for Best Foreign Language Film.
Pseudo-Alexander
Pseudo-Alexander (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, Aléxandros; fl. 148 BC) was a Greek pretender who attempted to claim the throne of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia as Alexander VI after the defeat of the previous claimant, Andriscus (Philip VI) against the Roman Republic during the Fourth Macedonian War. Like Andriscus, Alexander also claimed to be a son of the last legitimate Macedonian king Perseus (r. 179 – 168 BC).

Alexander invaded Macedonia from Thrace in 148 BC, almost immediately after the Roman praetor Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus had defeated Andriscus, but was also defeated by Metellus and pursued to Dardania, whereafter his fate is unknown.

Perseus of Macedon
Perseus (Greek: Περσεύς, romanized: Perseús; c. 212 – 166 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 179 until 168 BC. He is widely regarded as the last king of Macedonia and the last ruler from the Antigonid Dynasty, as his defeat by Rome at the Battle of Pydna during the Third Macedonian War effectively ended Macedonia as an independent political entity.
University of Strathclyde Faculty of Science
The University of Strathclyde Faculty of Science is the faculty of science at the University of Strathclyde, in Glasgow, Scotland. The faculty contains a number of departments offering both undergraduate and postgraduate courses.

The Faculty of Science is based on the John Anderson Campus. The faculty has over 3,000 students and receives a grant income for research of over £20million.

John Anderson Campus
The John Anderson Campus, the main campus of The University of Strathclyde, is in Glasgow, Scotland. The campus is self-contained in its own area which straddles the Townhead and Merchant City districts on the north eastern side of the city centre, while being only minutes from the M8 Motorway, George Square and is located midway between Queen Street Railway Station and High Street station on the North Clyde Line.
Newfoundland Railway
The Newfoundland Railway was a narrow-gauge railway that operated on the island of Newfoundland from 1898 to 1988. With a total track length of 906 miles (1,458 km), it was the longest 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge system in North America.

Bogie exchange
Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the track gauge.  To perform a bogie exchange, a car is converted from one gauge to another by removing the bogies or trucks (the chassis containing the wheels and axles of the car), and installing a new bogie with differently spaced wheels.  It is generally limited to wagons and carriages, though the bogies on diesel locomotives can be exchanged if enough time is available.

The term can also refer to  the rebuilding of rolling-stock for permanent use on another gauge, e.g. the Little Joe electric locomotives intended for the Soviet Union (Russian gauge) which were rebuilt for use in the United States, or the New Zealand British Rail Mark 2 carriage  rebuilt for use on the NZR Cape gauge.
Cutaneous respiration
Cutaneous respiration, or cutaneous gas exchange (sometimes called skin breathing), is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of an organism rather than gills or lungs. Cutaneous respiration may be the sole method of gas exchange, or may accompany other forms, such as ventilation. Cutaneous respiration occurs in a wide variety of organisms, including insects, amphibians, fish, sea snakes, turtles, and to a lesser extent in mammals.

Enteral respiration
Enteral respiration, also referred to as cloacal respiration or intestinal respiration, is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the epithelia of the enteral system, usually in the caudal cavity (cloaca). This is used in various species as an alternative respiration mechanism in hypoxic environments as a means to supplement blood oxygen.
Controller of the Navy (Royal Navy)
The post of Controller of the Navy (abbreviated as CofN) was originally created in 1859 when the Surveyor of the Navy's title changed to Controller of the Navy. In 1869 the controller's office was abolished and its duties were assumed by that of the Third Naval Lord whose title then changed to Third Naval Lord and Controller of the Navy. In 1904 the title was changed again to Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy. In 1965 the office of the Third Sea Lord was abolished. The post-holder is responsible for procurement and matériel in the British Royal Navy.

Originally the post-holder was a member of the Board of Admiralty and later a member of the Admiralty Board.

Fourth Sea Lord
The Fourth Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Supplies, originally known as the Fourth Naval Lord, was formerly one of the Naval Lords and a member of the Board of Admiralty, which controlled the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. After the creation of the Ministry of Defence, the equivalent role was Chief of Fleet Support. The role currently falls within the remit of Defence Equipment and Support; since 2020 it has been known as Director General (Ships).
Der Hochwächter
Der Hochwächter, literally "The High Guard", was a German-language newspaper published in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It was published from 1845 to 1849.

The paper was established by German Forty-Eighters - political activists who fled the German Confederation after the defeat of the revolutions of 1848. In its early years, the paper was intensely anti-monarchist, pro-republican, and virulently opposed to the Roman Catholic Church, which it viewed as having supported the ancien régime in 1848.

The paper was active in denouncing the role of the new Papal Nuncio, Cardinal Gaetano Bedini, in defeating the 1848 Revolutionaries in the Papal States right before his visit to Cincinnati. Der Hochwächter even called for the Nuncio's assassination, which resulted in the Cincinnati riot of 1853. Carl Otto Reventlow became editor in 1857.

Cincinnati riot of 1853
The Cincinnati riot of 1853 was triggered by the visit of then-Archbishop (later, Cardinal) Gaetano Bedini, the emissary of Pope Pius IX, to Cincinnati, Ohio, on 21 December 1853. The German Liberal population of the city, many of whom had come to America after the Revolutions of 1848,  identified Cardinal Bedini with their reactionary opponents. An armed mob of about 500 German men with 100 women following marched on the home of Bishop John Purcell, protesting the visit. One protester was killed and more than 60 were arrested.
Biju Patnaik
Bijayananda Patnaik (5 March 1916 – 17 April 1997) was an Indian politician, aviator and businessman. He served as the 3rd Chief Minister of the State of Odisha from 1961 to 1963 and from 1990 to 1995. He was also the 14th Steel and mines and 1st Coal Union Minister of India from 1979 to 1980 and from 1977 to 1979 and a member of Lok Sabha from Kendrapara from 1977 to 1985. He is the father of Naveen Patnaik, also a former Chief Minister of the state.

Biju Patnaik Airport
Biju Patnaik Airport (IATA: BBI, ICAO: VEBS) is an international airport serving Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha, India. It is situated around 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south-west of Bhubaneswar Railway Station and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the city center.

Named after Biju Patnaik, the former Chief Minister of Odisha, famed aviator and freedom fighter, it is the 15th busiest airport in India and the 11th busiest among the airports maintained by the Airports Authority of India. It is the 19th busiest airport in India in terms of cargo traffic. In the fiscal year 2024–25, it handled over 4.8 million passengers and around 9.1 thousand metric tonnes of cargo.
Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard
The Captain of the King's Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard is a UK Government post usually held by the Government Deputy Chief Whip in the House of Lords. The present Captain is The Baroness Wheeler, who was appointed to the position in the Starmer ministry in July 2024.

Yeomen of the Guard
The King's Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard is a bodyguard of the British monarch. The oldest British military corps still in existence, it was created by King Henry VII in 1485 after the Battle of Bosworth Field. The Yeomen of the Guard are popularly known as Beefeaters, a nickname they share with the Yeomen Warders of the Tower of London.
Work hardening
Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity (strength) increases during plastic (permanent) deformation. This characteristic is what sets ductile materials apart from brittle materials. Work hardening may be desirable, undesirable, or inconsequential, depending on the application.

This strengthening occurs because of dislocation movements and dislocation generation within the crystal structure of the material. Many non-brittle metals with a reasonably high melting point as well as several polymers can be strengthened in this fashion. Alloys not amenable to heat treatment, including low-carbon steel, are often work-hardened. Some materials cannot be work-hardened at low temperatures, such as indium, however others can be strengthened only via work hardening, such as pure copper and aluminum.

Heat treating
Heat treating (or heat treatment) is a group of industrial, thermal and metalworking processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical properties of a material. The most common application is metallurgical. Heat treatments are also used in the manufacture of many other materials, such as glass. Heat treatment involves the use of heating or chilling, normally to extreme temperatures, to achieve the desired result, such as the softening or hardening of a material. Heat treatment techniques include annealing, case hardening, precipitation strengthening, tempering, carburizing, normalizing and quenching. Although the term heat treatment applies only to processes where the heating and cooling are done for the specific purpose of altering properties intentionally, heating and cooling often occur incidentally during other manufacturing processes, such as hot forming or welding.
Yabelo
Yabelo (Oromo: Yaabeelloo) is a town in southern Ethiopia. An alternative name for this town is Obda, which is also the name of a nearby mountain. Located northwest of Moyale in the Borena Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 4°53′N 38°5′E﻿ / ﻿4.883°N 38.083°E﻿ / 4.883; 38.083 and an elevation of 1857 meters above sea level. It has been the administrative center of the Borena Zone since its division from Guji Zone in September 2002, as well as Yabelo woreda.

This town is reported to have ten gas stations, telephone service, a post office and a commercial bank, as well as at least one primary and one secondary school.

Borena Zone
Borena (Oromo: Boorana) is a zone in Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Borena is named after one of the two major subgroups of the Oromo people. Borena is bordered on the south by Kenya, on the west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, on the north by West Guji and Guji, and on the east by Dawa Zone Somali Region. The highest point in this zone is Mount Dara Tiniro. Cities and major towns in this Zone include Negele Borana, Moyale, Yabelo, Dubuluk, Mega, Millami, Surupa and Bakke.
Ballophilidae
Ballophilidae is a monophyletic group of centipedes belonging to the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Himantarioidea. Authorities now dismiss Ballophilidae as a family and consider this clade to be a possible subfamily (Ballophilinae) within the family Schendylidae. This clade includes about 40 species in 12 genera. Centipedes in this clade are found in most tropical regions.

Himantarioidea
Himantarioidea is a monophyletic superfamily of soil centipedes in the suborder Adesmata containing the families Oryidae, Himantariidae, and Schendylidae (including Ballophilidae). Centipedes in this superfamily share several distinctive traits. For example, the lateral parts of the labrum in these centipedes are fringed by denticles along the posterior margin. Furthermore, in this superfamily, the proximal (clypeal) part of the roof of the chamber leading to the mouth opening features clusters of spear-shaped sense organs. Moreover, each telopodite of the second maxillae in these centipedes ends in a pretarsus that is flattened at the tip.
Avionics Services Caçador
The Avionics Services Caçador is a Brazilian multi-role MALE unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed from the Israeli IAI Heron with transfer of technology.

The Caçador was developed by Avionics Services with support from a local IAI subsidiary that supplied know-how and technology. IAI Brasil acquired forty percent of the company, keeping Avionics Services under the benefit of the national law on "Strategic Defense Company" that requires two thirds of non-foreign ownership.

IAI Heron
The IAI Heron (Machatz-1) is a medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (MALE UAV) developed by the Malat (UAV) division of Israel Aerospace Industries. It is capable of Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) operations of up to 52 hours' duration at up to 10.5 km (35,000 ft). It has demonstrated 52 hours of continuous flight, but the effective operational maximal flight duration is less, according to payload and flight profile. An advanced version, the Heron TP, is also known as the IAI Eitan.

On 11 September 2005, it was announced that the Israel Defense Forces purchased US$50 million worth of Heron systems.
Neopentane
Neopentane, also called 2,2-dimethylpropane, is a double-branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms, with the chemical formula C(CH3)4.  Neopentane is a flammable gas at room temperature and pressure which can condense into a highly volatile liquid on a cold day, in an ice bath, or when compressed to a higher pressure.

Neopentane is the simplest alkane with a quaternary carbon, and has achiral tetrahedral symmetry.  It is one of the three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12 (pentanes), the other two being n-pentane and isopentane.  Out of these three, it is the only one to be a gas at standard conditions; the others are liquids.

It was first synthesized by Russian chemist Mikhail Lvov in 1870.

Isopentane
Isopentane, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon (an alkane) with five carbon atoms, with formula C5H12 or CH(CH3)2(C2H5).

Isopentane is a volatile and flammable liquid. It is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane).

Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of −160 °C. Natural gas typically contains 1% or less isopentane, but it is a significant component of natural gasoline.
Northwestern Improvement Company Store
Northwestern Improvement Company Store, also known as the NWI Building, is a historic building in Roslyn, Washington, the sole structure remaining from the days of the Roslyn Coal Field. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In the 1990s, the Northwestern Improvement Company Store building was one of the locations used in the TV series Northern Exposure.

Roslyn, Washington
Roslyn is a city in Kittitas County, Washington, United States. The population was 950 at the 2020 census. Roslyn is located in the Cascade Mountains, about 80 miles east of Seattle. The town was founded in 1886 as a coal mining company town. During the 20th century, the town gradually transitioned away from coal, and today its economy is primarily based on forestry and tourism. The town was the filming location for The Runner Stumbles, Northern Exposure, and The Man in the High Castle. Many of the town's historical structures have been preserved, and its downtown was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Irénée-Marie Ecological Reserve
Irénée-Marie Ecological Reserve (French: Réserve écologique Irénée-Marie) is an ecological reserve in the unorganized territory of Rivière-de-la-Savane, in Mékinac Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, Canada. It was established on October 31, 1985.  The Ecological Reserve protects a forest of Eastern white pine, red pine and pine gray.

Mékinac Regional County Municipality
Mékinac (French: [mekinak]) is a regional county municipality (RCM) of 5,607 km2 located in the administrative region of Mauricie, along the Saint-Maurice River, which also crosses the RCM from one end to the other, and the Matawin River, a tributary of the Saint-Maurice. Located in the province of Quebec, Canada.

Established in January 1982, the Mékinac RCM is made up of 10 or 11 municipalities depending on the source, Saint-Tite is the most populous city, four unorganized territories occupying two-thirds of its surface area.