hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Washington Monument (Milwaukee)
The Washington Monument is a public artwork by American artist Richard Henry Park located on the Court of Honor in front of the Milwaukee Public Library Central Library, which is near Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The bronze sculpture is a full-length portrait of a 43-year-old George Washington, and stands on a granite pedestal; a bronze woman points up at Washington while a child, also made out of bronze, gazes upward.  It was sculpted by Richard Henry Park and was erected in 1885 with philanthropic financial support from Elizabeth Plankinton. The statue was restored between July 2016 and January 2018.

Richard Henry Park
Richard Henry Park (also Richard Hamilton Park; February 17, 1838—November 7, 1902) was an American sculptor who worked in marble and bronze. He was commissioned to do work by the wealthy of the nineteenth century. He did a marble bust of John Plankinton, an astute businessman who founded the meat industry in Wisconsin and was "Milwaukee's foremost citizen."

Park did a sculptor of George Washington as Milwaukee's first piece of public art. He made a bronze monument statue of the 21st Vice President of the United States. He did a sculpture of Milwaukee's first white settler, its first mayor, and created sculptures for the Chicago World's Fair of 1893.
Eclectic medicine
Eclectic medicine was a branch of American medicine that made use of botanical remedies along with other substances and physical therapy practices, popular in the latter half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries.

The term was coined by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1784–1841), a botanist and Transylvania University professor who had studied Native American use of medicinal plants, wrote and lectured extensively on herbal medicine, and advised patients and sold remedies by mail. Rafinesque used the word eclectic to refer to those physicians who employed whatever was found to be beneficial to their patients (eclectic being derived from the Greek word eklego, meaning "to choose from").

Samuel Thomson
Samuel Thomson (9 February 1769 – 5 October 1843) was a self-taught American herbalist and botanist, best known as the founder of the alternative system of medicine known as "Thomsonian Medicine" or "Thomsonianism", which enjoyed wide popularity in the United States during the early 19th century.
Mizuki Castle
Mizuki Castle (水城跡, Mizuki-jō ato) was an ancient castle (also known as a Korean-style fortresses in Japan (朝鮮式山城, Chōsen-shiki yamajiro) straddling the border of the cities of Ōnojō, Dazaifu, and Kasuga, Fukuoka Prefecture Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1921, and raised to a Special National Historic Site since 1953 with the area under protection expanded in 2013.

Ōnojō
Ōnojō (大野城市, Ōnojō-shi) is an area located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2024, the city had an estimated population of 102,818 in 46689 households, and a  population density of 3800 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 26.89 km2 (10.38 sq mi).
Arsinoe IV
Arsinoë IV (Ancient Greek: Ἀρσινόη; between 68 and 63 BC – 41 BC) was the youngest daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes. One of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she claimed title of Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt and co-rulership with her brother Ptolemy XIII in 48 BC – 47 BC in opposition to her sister or half-sister, Cleopatra VII. For her role in conducting the siege of Alexandria (47 BC) against Cleopatra, Arsinoë was taken as a prisoner of war to Rome by the Roman triumvir Julius Caesar following the defeat of Ptolemy XIII in the Battle of the Nile. Arsinoë was then exiled to the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus in Roman Anatolia, but she was executed there by orders of triumvir Mark Antony in 41 BC at the behest of his lover Cleopatra VII.

Gerhard W. Weber
Gerhard W. Weber (born 29 August 1961) is an Austrian paleoanthropologist and a founding member of the research network Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS) as well as the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE). Weber is a professor at the University of Vienna's Department of Evolutionary Anthropology. He is best known for his application of virtual anthropology to early Homo sapiens and Neanderthals in Europe and the Levant. Weber also determined the origin of the Venus of Willendorf.
World Museum
World Museum is a large museum in Liverpool, England which has extensive collections covering archaeology, ethnology and the natural and physical sciences. Special attractions include the Natural History Centre and a planetarium. Entry to the museum is free. The museum is part of National Museums Liverpool.

Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby
Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (21 April 1775 – 30 June 1851), styled Lord Stanley from 1776 to 1832, and Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe from 1832 to 1834, was an English politician, peer, landowner, builder, farmer, art collector and naturalist. He was the patron of the writer Edward Lear.
Kawagoe Power Station
Kawagoe Power Station (川越火力発電所, Kawagoe karyokuhatsudensho) is a large gas-fired power station in Kawagoe, Mie, Japan. The facility operates at an installed capacity of 4,802 MW, making it the fifth largest power station of its kind.

Kawagoe, Mie
Kawagoe (川越町, Kawagoe-chō) is a town located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2021, the town had an estimated population of 15,409 in 7021 households and a population density of 1800 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 8.73 square kilometres (3.37 sq mi).
Xiapu
Xiapu (Chinese: 霞浦; pinyin: Xiápǔ; Foochow Romanized: Hà-puō) is a county in the municipal region of Ningde, Fujian, People's Republic of China, located along a stretch of East China Sea coast, with many harbours and islands.  It is bordered by Fuding City and Zherong County to the north, Fu'an City and Ningde's urban area to the west, and Luoyuan County, Fuzhou and the Matsu Islands of Lienchiang County, Republic of China (Taiwan) to the south.

Xiapu is famous among lovers of landscape photography.

Area: 1,716 square kilometres (663 sq mi)

Population: 475,900 (2020)

Postal code: 355100

Jiaocheng, Ningde
Jiaocheng (Chinese: 蕉城区; pinyin: Jiāochéng; Foochow Romanized: Ciĕu-siàng) is a district of Ningde, Fujian province, People's Republic of China. Also called Ningde Shiqu (宁德市区 - Ningde Centre), the district seats the municipality's executive, legislature and judiciary, together with its Communist Party and Public Security Bureau.
Turaga na Rasau
Turaga na Rasau is a traditional Fijian chiefly title of the Lau Islands.
Prior to Fiji's colonial days, Fiji had many different Vanua with their own Paramount Chieftain which exercised no authority over the other; a saying from the island of Kadavu aptly summarises it "Nomu Turaga o sega na noqu Turaga" or "Your Chief is not my Chief" also the people of Beqa Island were of a similar opinion saying "Qali Cuva Ki Lagi" or "Subject only to heaven"  and would bow to no outside Chieftain, but at the turn of the 20th century aspects of the traditional social structure remained, but for administrative purposes three main Matanitu were solidified and formed as they were the dominant consolidated powers at the time being that of Kubuna, Burebasaga and Tovata.
With regard to the Rasau while its traditional origins were in Kubuna on Bau the titles traditional authority in modern Fiji is now in Tovata, Lau in particular Lomaloma Tikina on the Island of Vanua Balavu.

Seru Epenisa Cakobau
Ratu Seru Epenisa Cakobau (pronounced [ˈseru epeˈniːsa ðakomˈbau]; occasionally spelled Cacobau) (c. 1815 – 1 February 1883) was a Fijian chief, monarch, and warlord (Vunivalu) who united part of Fiji's warring tribes, establishing a Fijian kingdom. He served as its only king from 1871 to 1874.
Lunge mine
The Shitotsubakurai (Japanese: 刺突爆雷) or lunge mine was a suicidal anti-tank weapon developed and used by the Empire of Japan during the Second World War. It used a HEAT type charge. This weapon was used by the CQC units of the Imperial Japanese Army. The weapon itself was a conical hollow charge anti-tank mine, placed inside a metallic container and attached to the end of a wooden stick. The weapon was officially adopted by the Japanese Army in 1944; with the first noted combat use in Leyte in December 1944.  During 1945 it caused additional victims in the Pacific Theater, where it commonly saw action against American armour. Later that year, some Japanese Imperial Army manuals of the weapon were discovered by US troops.

Anti-tank warfare
Anti-tank warfare refers to the military strategies, tactics, and weapon systems designed to counter and destroy enemy armored vehicles, particularly tanks. It originated during World War I following the first deployment of tanks in 1916, and has since become a fundamental component of land warfare doctrine. Over time, anti-tank warfare has evolved to include a wide range of systems, from handheld infantry weapons and anti-tank guns to guided missiles and air-delivered munitions.

Anti-tank warfare evolved rapidly during World War II, leading to infantry-portable weapons.

Through the Cold War of 1947–1991, the United States, anti-tank weapons have also been upgraded in number and performance.

Since the end of the Cold War in 1992, new threats to tanks and other armored vehicles have included remotely detonated improvised explosive devices (IEDs).

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, drones and loitering munitions have attacked and destroyed tanks.
2007 Danish general election
General elections were held in Denmark on 13 November 2007. The elections allowed prime minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen to continue for a third term in a coalition government consisting of Venstre and the Conservative People's Party with parliamentary support from the Danish People's Party. They were the first elections held using the current constituencies.

Danish Social Liberal Party
The Danish Social Liberal Party (Danish: Radikale Venstre, RV, lit. 'Radical Left') is a social-liberal political party in Denmark. The party was founded as a split from the Venstre Reform Party in 1905.

Historically, the centrist to centre-left party has played a central role in Danish politics and has supported governments on both sides of the political spectrum, as co-operation is a primary belief of the party. A pro-European party, it is a member of Liberal International and the ALDE, and has one MEP in the Renew Europe group in the European Parliament.
Archocyrtus
Archocyrtus is an extinct genus of small-headed flies in the family Acroceridae. The genus is known from compression fossils from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan. The genus is the only member of the subfamily Archocyrtinae.

A study on the holotype specimen of Archocyrtus kovalevi was published by Khramov & Lukashevich (2019). They reported evidence of an extremely long proboscis, almost twice the length of the body of the insect. They suggested that it was probably a pollinator of extinct seed plants belonging to the order Bennettitales.

Acroceridae
The Acroceridae are a small family of odd-looking flies. They have a hump-backed appearance with a strikingly small head, generally with a long proboscis for accessing nectar. They are rare and not widely known. The most frequently applied common names are small-headed flies or hunch-back flies. Many are bee or wasp mimics. Because they are parasitoids of spiders, they also are sometimes known as spider flies.
Business court
Business courts, sometimes referred to as commercial courts, are specialized courts for legal cases involving commercial law, internal business disputes, and other matters affecting businesses. In the US, they are trial courts that primarily or exclusively adjudicate internal business disputes and/or commercial litigation between businesses, heard before specialist judges assigned to these courts. Commercial courts outside the United States may have broader or narrower jurisdiction than state trial level business and commercial courts within the United States, for example patent or admiralty jurisdiction; and jurisdiction may vary between countries. Business courts may be further specialized, as in those that decide technology disputes and those that weigh appeals. Alternative dispute resolution and arbitration have connections to business courts.

Delaware Superior Court
The Delaware Superior Court, previously known as the Superior Court and Orphans' Court, is the state trial court of general jurisdiction in the state of Delaware. It has original jurisdiction over most criminal and civil cases (except for suits at equity, which are handled by the Delaware Court of Chancery).  It also serves as an intermediate appellate court, hearing appeals on the record from the Court of Common Pleas, Family Court, and most state administrative agencies. It is headed by Judge Jan R. Jurden.

The Superior Court includes a Complex Commercial Litigation Division (CCLD), which has been operating as a business court since 2010. The CCLD focuses on commercial disputes for money damages between businesses, complementing the Court of Chancery which focuses on internal business disputes.
Arithmetization of analysis
The arithmetization of analysis was a research program in the foundations of mathematics carried out in the second half of the 19th century which aimed to abolish all geometric intuition from the proofs in analysis. For the followers of this program, the fundamental concepts of calculus should also not make references to the ideas of motion and velocity. This ideal was pursued by Augustin-Louis Cauchy, Bernard Bolzano, Karl Weierstrass, among others, who developed solid foundations for calculus and  analysis.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Yokkaichi asthma
Yokkaichi asthma (四日市ぜんそく, Yokkaichi zensoku) refers to cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and bronchial asthma in humans and various environmental changes usually attributed to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions which appeared as smog over the city of Yokkaichi in Mie Prefecture, Japan between 1960 and 1972, though other SOx compounds have been proposed. The generally accepted source of the sulfur oxide pollution was the Yokkaichi Kombinato petrochemical processing facilities and refineries built in Yokkaichi between 1959 and 1972 which did not properly desulfurize the high sulfur content in its crude oil. Yokkaichi asthma is considered one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan and was the subject of Japan's first court case related to pollution.

Yokkaichi
Yokkaichi (四日市市, Yokkaichi-shi) is a city located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2025, the city had an estimated population of 305,279 in 147,185 households and a population density of 1,478.3 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 206.50 square kilometres (79.73 sq mi).
Campiglia Cervo
Campiglia Cervo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) northwest of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 176 and an area of 11.7 square kilometres (4.5 mi2).

Campiglia Cervo borders the following municipalities: Andorno Micca, Mosso, Piedicavallo, Quittengo, Rosazza,  Valle Mosso. From 1 January 2016 Campiglia Cervo also encompasses two former neighbouring municipalities, Quittengo and San Paolo Cervo.

San Paolo Cervo
San Paolo Cervo is a former comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) northwest of Biella.  From 1 January 2016 San Paolo Cervo, along with Quittengo, was absorbed by the neighbouring municipality of Campiglia Cervo.
Lakes Flying Company
The Lakes Flying Company was an early British aircraft manufacturer of seaplanes based at Windermere. In 1914 it was taken over by the Northern Aircraft Company Limited.

A registered charity The Lakes Flying Company Ltd was established in 2010, "to celebrate and to inform the public concerning the importance of the innovative contributions made to the development of naval and civil marine aeroplanes by Captain Edward Wakefield and by Waterbird".

Lakes Water Bird
The Lakes Water Bird or Waterbird, sometimes known as the Avro Curtiss-type, is remembered as the first consistently successful British seaplane, developed by the Windermere-based Lakes Flying Company, during 1911.
Chiang Rai
Chiang Rai (Thai: เชียงราย, pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rāːj]; Northern Thai: ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ, pronounced [tɕīaŋ hāːj]) is the northernmost major city in Thailand, with a population of approximately 70,000 people. It is located in Mueang Chiang Rai District, Chiang Rai Province. Chiang Rai was established as a capital during the reign of King Mangrai, in 1262 CE. Chiang Rai is recognized as a "Design City" by UNESCO's Creative Cities Network.

Tha Ton
Tha Ton, also spelled Thaton (Thai: ท่าตอน), is a sub-district (tambon) of Mae Ai District in the far north of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2014 it had a population of 19,902. The sub-district is on the Kok River near the border with Myanmar, about a three hour drive north of Chiang Mai. The central village of the subdistrict is Ban Tha Ton.
Garwolin County
Garwolin County (Polish: powiat garwoliński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Garwolin, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The county contains three other towns: Łaskarzew, 13 km (8 mi) south of Garwolin, Pilawa, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Garwolin, and Żelechów, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Garwolin.

The county covers an area of 1,284.29 square kilometres (495.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 104,917, out of which the population of Garwolin is 17,501, that of Łaskarzew is 4,840, that of Pilawa is 4,578, that of Żelechów is 3,988, and the rural population is 74,010.

Łaskarzew
Łaskarzew [wasˈkaʐɛf] is a town in Garwolin County (15 kilometres (9 miles) from Garwolin), Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,908 inhabitants (2006). It is located on the Promnik river, which is a tributary of the Vistula, near the Garwolin Forests, on the border of historic Polish provinces of Lesser Poland and Mazovia.
MapBasic
MapBasic is a programming language for creation of additional tools and functionality for the MapInfo Pro geographic information system. MapBasic is based on the BASIC family of programming languages.

MapBasic also allows programmers to develop software in popular programming languages such as C, C++ and Visual Basic and use these with the MapInfo Pro GIS to create geographically based software, such as electronic mapping.

MapInfo Pro
MapInfo Pro is a desktop geographic information system (GIS) software developed by Precisely, used for mapping and location analysis. It was formerly developed by Pitney Bowes Software and the MapInfo Corporation.
Orlík (mountain)
Orlík (German: Urlichkuppe) is a mountain in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range in the Czech Republic. It has an elevation of 1,204 m (3,950 ft) above sea level. It is located in the municipality of Zlaté Hory.

Opava (river)
The Opava (Polish: Opawa, German: Oppa) is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Oder River. It partly forms the Czech-Polish state border. It flows through the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic and along the Opole Voivodeship in Poland. It is formed by the confluence of the Černá Opava and Střední Opava streams. Together with the Černá Opava, which is its main source, the Opava is 129.3 km (80.3 mi) long, making it the 15th longest river in the country. Without the Černá Opava, it is 110.7 km (68.8 mi) long.
Tex Avery Screwball Classics
Tex Avery Screwball Classics is a series of single-disc Blu-ray and DVD sets by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment's Warner Archive unit collecting various theatrical cartoons from animation director Tex Avery during his tenure at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio's cartoon division between the years of 1942 and 1955. It is the first comprehensive collection of Avery's MGM shorts to be released on home media in North America since The Compleat Tex Avery series of laserdiscs in the 1990s, with many of the shorts having been previously unreleased on DVD or Blu-ray.

Volume 1 was released on Blu-ray on February 18, 2020, and on DVD on December 1 with 19 shorts, all presented uncut and digitally restored. Volume 2 was released on both Blu-ray as well as on DVD on December 15, 2020, with 21 shorts. Volume 3 was released on October 5, 2021, with 20 shorts.

Bad Luck Blackie
Bad Luck Blackie is a 1949 American animated comedy short film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

The Tex Avery-directed short was voted the 15th-best cartoon of all-time in a 1994 poll of 1,000 animation industry professionals, as referenced in the book The 50 Greatest Cartoons.

The title is a play on Boston Blackie, a popular radio show at the time. The cartoon marks the first appearance of Tex Avery's version of Spike the Bulldog (later renamed as Butch the Irish Dog in 1955's "Deputy Droopy"), who would later appear in Droopy cartoons in the late-1940s into the 1950s.
Ngee Ann Polytechnic
Ngee Ann Polytechnic (NP, /ˈniː ɑːn/ NEE ahn) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education in Singapore.

Established in 1963 by the Ngee Ann Kongsi, NP is renowned for its business programmes and central focus on entrepreneurship education. It is also the only polytechnic in Singapore to be affiliated with a foundation.

NP is famous for producing successful entrepreneurs due to its strong ecosystem in supporting start-ups. NP's alumni include founder and former CEO of Creative Technology Sim Wong Hoo, co-founder and CEO of Carousell Quek Siu Rui, co-founder and President of Carousell Marcus Tan, co-founder and CEO of Secretlab Ian Ang, 18th Golden Horse Award for Best Leading Actor Alan Tam, and 50th Golden Horse Award for Best Narrative Feature and Best Original Screenplay Anthony Chen.

Statutory boards of the Government of Singapore
The statutory boards of the Government of Singapore are autonomous organisations that have been tasked to perform an operational function by legal statutes passed as Acts in the Parliament of Singapore. The statutes define the purpose, rights and powers of each authority. These organisations would usually subsequently report to one specific ministry. This list includes both current and new statutory boards formed.

Singapore is a country known for its highly efficient and centralised government system largely due to these statutory boards. They play a significant role in the development and implementation of policies and programs in various sectors of the country.

These boards are responsible for providing essential services and regulating key industries, with the goal of ensuring the welfare and well-being of Singaporeans. The highly centralized and efficient system of statutory boards has contributed to Singapore's success as a modern and prosperous nation.