hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Angostura bitters
Angostura bitters (English:  /æŋɡəˈstjʊərə/) is a concentrated bitters (herbal alcoholic preparation) based on gentian, herbs, and spices, produced by the House of Angostura in Trinidad and Tobago. It is typically used for flavouring beverages or, less often, food. The bitters were first produced in the namesake town of Angostura (now Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela) but do not contain angostura bark. The bottle is recognisable because of its distinctive oversized label and yellow cap. Angostura is Spanish for "narrowing", the town of Angostura having been at the first narrowing of the Orinoco River.

Beverages named "Angostura Bitter" or "Angobitter" are also offered from other brands (e.g., Riemerschmid, Hemmeter). Unlike the House of Angostura product, they contain angostura bark, possibly to justify the use of the word "angostura" in their names.

Bitters
A bitters is traditionally an alcoholic preparation flavored with botanical matter for a bitter or bittersweet flavor. Originally, numerous longstanding brands of bitters were developed as patent medicines, but lately are sold as digestifs, sometimes with herbal properties, and as cocktail flavorings.

Since cocktails often contain sour and sweet flavors, bitters are used to engage another primary taste and thereby balance out the drink and make it more complex, giving it a more complete flavor profile.
No. 91 Group RAF
No. 91 Group RAF is a former Royal Air Force group.

The group was formed on 11 May 1942, at Abingdon as No. 91 (Operational Training) Group RAF in RAF Bomber Command, it was previously No. 6 Group RAF. Within a matter of weeks it was called upon to provide over 200 aircraft and crews for Operation Millenium, the first 1,000 bomber raid, launched against Cologne on the night of 30/31 May 1942.

On 14 April 1947, the Group moved to Morton Hall, Swinderby and was amalgamated with and renamed No. 21 Group RAF on 1 May 1947.

No. 6 Group RCAF
No. 6 Group RCAF was a group of Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) heavy bomber squadrons in Europe during the Second World War, between 1942 and 1945. The group operated out of airfields in Yorkshire, England.
Internal validity
Internal validity is the extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect, within the context of a particular study. It is one of the most important properties of scientific studies and is an important concept in reasoning about evidence more generally. Internal validity is determined by how well a study can rule out alternative explanations for its findings (usually, sources of systematic error or 'bias'). It contrasts with external validity, the extent to which results can justify conclusions about other contexts (that is, the extent to which results can be generalized). Both internal and external validity can be described using qualitative or quantitative forms of causal notation.

Statistical conclusion validity
Statistical conclusion validity is the degree to which conclusions about the relationship among variables based on the data are correct or "reasonable". This began as being solely about whether the statistical conclusion about the relationship of the variables was correct, but now there is a movement towards moving to "reasonable" conclusions that use: quantitative, statistical, and qualitative data. Fundamentally, two types of errors can occur: type I (finding a difference or correlation when none exists) and type II  (finding no difference or correlation when one exists). Statistical conclusion validity concerns the qualities of the study that make these types of errors more likely. Statistical conclusion validity involves ensuring the use of adequate sampling procedures, appropriate statistical tests, and reliable measurement procedures.
Order of Saint Augustine
The Order of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Sancti Augustini), abbreviated OSA, is a mendicant religious order  of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1244 by bringing together several eremitical groups in the Tuscany region who were following the Rule of Saint Augustine, written by Augustine of Hippo in the fifth century.

They are also commonly known as the Augustinians, Austin friars, or Friars Hermits and, until 1968, as the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo eremitarum sancti Augustini; abbreviated OESA).

The order has, in particular, spread internationally the veneration of the Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Mater boni consilii).

In the 2025 papal conclave, Leo XIV was elected as the first pope from the Order of Saint Augustine.

Order of Augustinian Recollects
The Order of Augustinian Recollects (OAR) is a mendicant Catholic religious order of friars and nuns. It is a reformist offshoot from the Augustinian hermit friars and follows the same Rule of St. Augustine. They have also been known as the "Discalced Augustinians".
Kevin Crossley-Holland
Kevin John William Crossley-Holland (born 7 February 1941) is an English translator, children's author and poet. His best known work is probably the Arthur trilogy (2000–2003), for which he won the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize and other recognition.

Crossley-Holland won the annual Carnegie Medal for his 1985 novella Storm. For the 70th anniversary of the Medal in 2007 it was named one of the top ten winning works.

The Seeing Stone
The Seeing Stone, or Arthur: The Seeing Stone, is a historical novel for children or young adults, written by Kevin Crossley-Holland and published by Orion in 2000, the first book of the Arthur trilogy (2000 to 2003). Set primarily in the March of Wales during A.D. 1199 and 1200, it features a young boy named Arthur de Caldicot who observes a secondary story in the "Seeing Stone", the early life of legendary King Arthur. Crossley-Holland and The Seeing Stone won the annual Guardian Prize and Tir na n-Og Award.

The trilogy is a contemporary retelling of Arthurian legend, told by Arthur de Caldicot as a first-person narrative, where both the primary and secondary settings contribute to the retelling.
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool
The Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Kurnool (IIITDM Kurnool)  is a technical education institute in the field of Information Technology established by MHRD, Government of India in 2015. The institute started functioning at its permanent campus of in Kurnool.

Kurnool
Kurnool is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It formerly served as the capital of Andhra State (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema". Kurnool is also famous for Diamond hunting as diamonds can be found in the barren land of Kurnool after the top layers of soil are washed away by the monsoon rains. It also serves as the district headquarters of its Kurnool district. As of 2011 census, it is the fifth most populous city in the state with a population of 425,214. It is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra river. Although the area has been inhabited for thousands of years, modern Kurnool was founded in the 16th century CE with the construction of the Konda Reddy Fort.
Shijak
Shijak (Albanian definite form: Shijaku) is a town and a municipality in Durrës County, west-central Albania. The municipality was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Gjepalaj, Maminas, Shijak and Xhafzotaj, that became municipal units. The seat of the municipality is the town Shijak. The total population is 27,861 (2011 census), in a total area of 92.24 km2. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 7,568.

Maminas
Maminas is a village and a former municipality in the Durrës County, western Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Shijak. The population at the 2011 census was 8868.
Yazidi New Year
The Yazidi New Year (Sersal) is called Çarşema Sor ("Red Wednesday") or Çarşema Serê Nîsanê ("Wednesday at the beginning of April") in Kurmanji. It falls in spring, on the first Wednesday of the April and Nîsan months in the Julian and Seleucid calendars, i.e. the first Wednesday on or after 14 April according to the Gregorian calendar.

Chaharshanbe Suri
Chaharshanbeh Suri or Charshanbeh Suri or Chahar shanbe suri (Persian: چهارشنبه‌سوری, romanized: Čâhâršanbe suri; lit. 'Scarlet Wednesday'), is an Iranian festival of the fire dance celebrated on the eve of the last Wednesday of the year, of ancient Zoroastrian origin. It is the first festivity of Nowruz, the Iranian New Year.
Markov chain Monte Carlo
In statistics, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a class of algorithms used to draw samples from a probability distribution. Given a probability distribution, one can construct a Markov chain whose elements' distribution approximates it – that is, the Markov chain's equilibrium distribution matches the target distribution. The more steps that are included, the more closely the distribution of the sample matches the actual desired distribution.

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to study probability distributions that are too complex or too high dimensional to study with analytic techniques alone. Various algorithms exist for constructing such Markov chains, including the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm.

Markov chain central limit theorem
In the mathematical theory of random processes, the Markov chain central limit theorem has a conclusion somewhat similar in form to that of the classic central limit theorem (CLT) of probability theory, but the quantity in the role taken by the variance in the classic CLT has a more complicated definition. See also the general form of Bienaymé's identity.
Vitaly Mutko
Vitaly Leontiyevich Mutko (Russian: Вита́лий Лео́нтьевич Мутко́; born Viktor Leontiyevich Mutko; 8 December 1958) is a Russian politician who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Russia from 2016 to 2020.

From 2008 to 2016, he served as the Minister of Sport of Russia.

Russian Football Union
The Russian Football Union (Russian: Российский Футбольный Союз, Rossiyskiy Futbolnyy Soyuz or RFS) is the official governing body of association football in the Russian Federation. With headquarters in Moscow, it organizes Russian amateur and professional football, including the men's, women's, youth, beach soccer, futsal and Paralympic national teams. The RFS sanctions referees and football tournaments for the Russian Premier League and other football leagues in Russia. RFS is headed by Aleksandr Dyukov, the CEO of Gazprom Neft.
KHIT-FM
KHIT-FM (107.1 FM) is a radio station airing a Spanish adult contemporary format. Licensed to Madera, California, United States, the station serves the Fresno area. It first began broadcasting in 1990 under the call sign KJDN. The station is currently owned by Lotus Communications. Its studios are located just north of downtown Fresno, and the transmitter tower is near Yosemite Lakes, California.

Lotus Communications
Lotus Communications Corporation is a media company that owns numerous radio stations and a few TV stations, and is one of the largest privately owned radio station groups in the United States. Headquarters are located in Los Angeles, and the company's President and CEO is Howard Kalmenson.
Godi media
Godi media (Hindi pronunciation: [ˈɡoːd̪iː]; lit. 'media sitting on lap'; idiomatic equivalent: 'lapdog media') is a term coined and popularised by veteran Indian journalist Ravish Kumar to describe biased Indian print and TV news media, which has openly supported the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party government since 2014. The term is a pun on the name of Indian prime minister Narendra Modi and has become a common way to refer to television and other media that are perceived as "mouthpieces of the ruling party" (i.e. the BJP).

ABP News
ABP News is an Indian Hindi-language free-to-air television news channel owned by ABP Group. Initially launched as Star News in 1998, it was later acquired by the ABP Group (ABP).

It won the Best Hindi News Channel award in the 21st edition of the Indian Television Academy Awards in 2022.
Thirty Seconds Over Winterland
Thirty Seconds Over Winterland is an album by the American psychedelic rock band Jefferson Airplane. It was recorded live in August and September 1972, at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago and the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco. It was released in April 1973; reflecting the band's declining commercial stature, it only peaked at No. 52 on the Billboard chart.

Recorded during the Long John Silver tour, Thirty Seconds Over Winterland was the band's second live album, after Bless Its Pointed Little Head. The complete final concert of this tour may be heard on the Last Flight CD, released in 2007.

Last Flight (Jefferson Airplane album)
Last Flight is an authorized recording released in the United Kingdom, taken from the last live performance of the San Francisco rock group Jefferson Airplane prior to the band's dissolution in 1972.  The concert was held at the Winterland Arena in San Francisco, and selected tracks were released on the 1973 album Thirty Seconds Over Winterland.  Last Flight consists of the entire concert with the exception of the encore, Marty Balin's "You Wear Your Dresses Too Short", previously released on the Jefferson Airplane Loves You box-set. Balin sings lead vocals on "Volunteers" much to the surprise of the audience since he left the band in late 1970.
Raging Spirits
Raging Spirits (レイジングスピリッツ) is a roller coaster at Tokyo DisneySea. The attraction began operation on July 21, 2005. Created by Walt Disney Imagineering, manufactured by Intamin and built by Sansei Technologies, the attraction takes guests on a thrilling, high-speed ride through the ruins of an ancient ceremonial site and its depictions of Incan buildings in the mountainous region of Peru. The attraction is located in Tokyo DisneySea's Lost River Delta section.

Much like the Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril attraction at Disneyland Paris, on which the roller coaster design is based, guests riding Raging Spirits board hopper cars that propel them along tracks around the archeological excavation site.

This ride is the only attraction at Tokyo Disney Resort to feature an inversion, with its single vertical loop.

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril (French: Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril) is a roller coaster attraction at Disneyland Park (Paris). It opened on 30 July 1993. Based on the Indiana Jones films, guests are taken on an adventure riding in a mining train through a lost temple. The attraction was sponsored by Esso.
Pocenia
Pocenia (Friulian: Pucinie) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Udine.

Pocenia borders the following municipalities: Castions di Strada, Muzzana del Turgnano, Palazzolo dello Stella, Rivignano Teor, Talmassons.

Talmassons
Talmassons is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Udine.

Talmassons borders the following municipalities: Bertiolo, Castions di Strada, Lestizza, Mortegliano, Pocenia, Rivignano.
Leopold III, Margrave of Austria
Leopold III (German: Luitpold, Latin: Leupoldus, 1073 – 15 November 1136), known as Leopold the Good, was the Margrave of Austria from 1095 to his death in 1136. He was a member of the House of Babenberg. He was canonized on 6 January 1485 and became the patron saint of Austria, Lower Austria, Upper Austria and Vienna. His feast day is 15 November.

St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
St. Stephen's Cathedral (German: Stephansdom [ˈʃ͡tɛfansˌdoːm]) is a Roman Catholic church in Vienna, Austria, and the mother church of the Archdiocese of Vienna. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna, Josef Grünwidl.

The current Romanesque and Gothic form of the cathedral, seen today in the Stephansplatz, was largely initiated by Duke Rudolf IV (1339–1365) and stands on the ruins of two earlier churches, the first a parish church consecrated in 1147. The most important religious building in Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral has borne witness to many important events in Habsburg and Austrian history and has, with its multi-coloured tile roof, become one of the city's most recognizable symbols. It has 256 stairs from the top to the bottom
Truckee River
The Truckee River is a river in the U.S. states of California and Nevada. The river flows northeasterly and is 121 miles (195 km) long. The Truckee is the sole outlet of Lake Tahoe and drains part of the high Sierra Nevada, emptying into Pyramid Lake in the Great Basin. Its waters are an important source of irrigation along its valley and adjacent valleys.

Washoe County, Nevada
Washoe County (/ˈwɒʃoʊ/) is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 486,492, making it Nevada's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County is included in the Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Washoe County landing ship tank was named after this county.
Puerto Rico Highway 891
Puerto Rico Highway 891 (PR-891) is the road that goes to downtown Corozal, the administrative center of Corozal, Puerto Rico. With a length of 1.8 km (1.1 mi), this road can be seen as the Alt 159, since it was the original alignment of PR-159 through the municipal center.

Puerto Rico Highway 159
Puerto Rico Highway 159 (PR-159) is the main road from Morovis to Toa Alta, passing through the municipality of Corozal in Puerto Rico. This road begins in downtown Morovis, from its intersection with PR-155 and PR-6623 to its junction with PR-165 in Toa Alta. It is about 21 km (13 mi) long.
Orangeville A's
The Orangeville A's were a Canadian professional basketball franchise based in Orangeville, Ontario.  Founded in 2012 in Brampton, the A's were a member of the National Basketball League of Canada, where they began play for the 2013–14 season.

2013–14 NBL Canada season
The 2013–14 NBL Canada season was the third season of the National Basketball League of Canada. The regular season began on November 1, 2013. The regular season ended on Friday, February 28, 2014, and the playoffs began on Sunday, March 2, 2014 and ended on Thursday, April 17, 2014 with the Windsor Express defeating the Island Storm in seven games to win the 2014 NBLC Finals.
King Saud Mosque
His Majesty King Saud Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الملك سعود) is a Sunni Islam mosque, in the city of Jeddah, in the Al-Sharafeyyah District, in Saudi Arabia.

The mosque was designed by Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil and construction was completed in 1987. It is mainly built of bricks and covers an area of 9,700 square metres (104,000 ft2) with the prayer hall alone covering 2,464 square metres (26,520 ft2), making it the largest mosque in Jeddah. The largest dome has a span of 20 metres (66 ft) and reaches a height of 42 metres (138 ft). The minaret is 60 metres (200 ft) tall.

The 1987 mosque replaced an earlier mosque structure, built on the same site in c. 1950s, poorly constructed using reinforce concrete.

Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil
Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil (Arabic: عبد الواحد الوكيل, born 7 August 1943) is an Egyptian architect who designed over 15 mosques in Saudi Arabia and is considered by many as the foremost contemporary authority in Islamic architecture. For designing in traditional styles, he is also a representative of New Classical Architecture.
Deena Aljuhani Abdulaziz
Princess Deena Ali Al-Juhani (Arabic: دينا علي الجهني; born 26 December 1975) is a Saudi American businesswoman and editor. She is the founder and owner of DNA Store in Riyadh. She married into the Saudi royal family and is a former editor-in-chief of Vogue Arabia.

Vogue Arabia
Vogue Arabia / Vogue العربية (stylised in all caps) is the Arabian-edition of the American fashion magazine Vogue. The magazine has been in operation since 2017. Based in the United Arab Emirates, the magazine is distributed across the Middle East.
Breast development
Breast development, also known as mammogenesis, is a complex biological process in primates that takes place throughout a female's life.

It occurs across several phases, including prenatal development, puberty, and pregnancy. At menopause, breast development ceases and the breasts atrophy. Breast development results in prominent and developed structures on the chest known as breasts in primates, which serve primarily as mammary glands. The process is mediated by an assortment of hormones (and growth factors), the most important of which include estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and growth hormone.

Estrogen receptor alpha
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor (mainly found as a chromatin-binding protein) 
that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.  In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1).
King Valley
The King Valley, or King River Valley, is a wine-producing and agricultural region centered on the King River between Wangaratta and the Alpine National Park in North East Victoria, Australia. There are several small towns within the region, including: Cheshunt, Whitfield, King Valley, Edi, Claremont, Moyhu, Byrne, Docker and Oxley. King Valley was recorded as an Australian Geographical Indication protected name on 12 October 2007.

North East Victoria
North East Victoria is an Australian Geographical Indication for a wine zone in the Australian state of Victoria. It includes five named wine regions:

Alpine Valleys

Beechworth

Glenrowan

King Valley

Rutherglen
Bingen Forest
The Bingen Forest (German: Binger Wald, pronounced [ˈbɪŋɐ ˈvalt]) is part of the Hunsrück, a low mountain range in the Central Uplands of Germany. It is up to 638.6 m above sea level (NN) and is located in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Rheinböllen
Rheinböllen (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnˌbœlən]) is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern. It was the seat of the former Verbandsgemeinde Rheinböllen.
The Kingston Trio (album)
The Kingston Trio is the Kingston Trio's debut album, released in 1958 (see 1958 in music). It entered the album charts in late October 1958, where it resided for nearly four years, spending one week at #1 in early 1959. It was awarded an RIAA gold album on January 19, 1961.

...from the "Hungry i"
...from the "Hungry i" is the Kingston Trio's first live album, released in 1959. It was recorded in 1958 at the San Francisco club hungry i shortly after the release of their debut album The Kingston Trio.  It was awarded an RIAA gold album on October 24, 1960, and presented to the group in 1961.
Diameter (protocol)
Diameter is an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) protocol for computer networks. It evolved from the earlier RADIUS protocol. It belongs to the application layer protocols in the Internet protocol suite.

Diameter Applications extend the base protocol by adding new commands and/or attributes, such as those for use with the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP).

Extensible Authentication Protocol
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework frequently used in network and internet connections. It is defined in RFC 3748, which made RFC 2284 obsolete, and is updated by RFC 5247.
EAP is an authentication framework for providing the transport and usage of material and parameters generated by EAP methods. There are many methods defined by RFCs, and a number of vendor-specific methods and new proposals exist. EAP is not a wire protocol; instead it only defines the information from the interface and the formats. Each protocol that uses EAP defines a way to encapsulate by the user EAP messages within that protocol's messages.

EAP is in wide use. For example, in IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) the WPA and WPA2 standards have adopted IEEE 802.1X (with various EAP types) as the canonical authentication mechanism.