hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine
The substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines (abbreviated as MDxx) represent a diverse chemical class of compounds derived from phenethylamines. This category encompasses numerous psychoactive substances with entactogenic, psychedelic, and/or stimulant properties, in addition to entheogens. These compounds find application as research chemicals, designer drugs, and recreational drugs.

The base compound of the MDxx class is 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA), and the prototypical agent of this class is 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy"). Other notable MDxx class substances include 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA; "Eve"), N-methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB; "Eden"), and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (βk-MDMA; "Methylone"). There are also cyclized phenethylamine MDxx compounds, such as MDAI, MDAT, MDPV, MDPM, and MDMAR.

MDAT
MDAT, also known as 6,7-methylenedioxy-2-aminotetralin, is a drug of the 2-aminotetralin family developed in the 1990s by a team at Purdue University led by David E. Nichols. It appears to act as a serotonin releasing agent based on rodent drug discrimination assays comparing it to MDMA, in which it fully substitutes for, and additionally lacks any kind of serotonergic neurotoxicity. Hence, MDAT is considered likely to be a non-neurotoxic, putative entactogen in humans.
Caspian tiger
The Caspian tiger was a Panthera tigris tigris population native to eastern Turkey, northern Iran, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus around the Caspian Sea, Central Asia to northern Afghanistan and the Xinjiang region in Western China. It inhabited sparse forests and riverine corridors in this region until the 1970s. It was also present in Southern Russia until the Middle Ages. The Caspian tiger population was regarded as a distinct subspecies and assessed as extinct in 2003.

Results of a phylogeographic analysis evinces that the Caspian and Siberian tiger populations shared a common continuous geographic distribution until the early 19th century.

Some Caspian tigers were intermediate in size between Siberian and Bengal tigers.

It was also called Balkhash tiger, Hyrcanian tiger, Turanian tiger, and Mazandaran tiger.

Hyrcania
Hyrcania (/hərˈkeɪniə/; Greek: Ὑρκανία Hyrkanía, Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 Varkâna, Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 Gurgān, Akkadian: Urqananu) is a historical region composed of the land south-east of the Caspian Sea in modern-day Iran and Turkmenistan, bound in the south by the Alborz mountain range and the Kopet Dag in the east.

The region served as a satrapy (province) of the Median Empire, a sub-province of the Achaemenid Empire, and a province within its successors, the Seleucid, Arsacid and Sasanian empires. Hyrcania bordered Parthia to the east (later known as Abarshahr), Dihistan to the north, Media to the south and Mardia to the west.
Victory Liner
Victory Liner, Inc. (VLI) is a bus company in the Philippines that was established in 1945 by José Hernandez, is recognized as one of the primary providers of bus transportation in the Philippines, servicing key locations across Luzon. Initially using a fleet of repurposed military vehicles, the company was instrumental in meeting the post-WWII demand for public transport.

Over the years, Victory Liner has strategically grown its operations, upgrading its fleet and expanding service routes to meet the evolving needs of travelers. Today, it operates a comprehensive network that connects Central and Northern Luzon provinces, such as Zambales, Pampanga, Bulacan, Benguet Baguio, Pangasinan, Bataan, Nueva Vizcaya, Kalinga, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, and Cagayan.

Victory Liner deploys more than 1,000 buses in its daily operations.

Olongapo
Olongapo ([ʔoˌloːŋ.ɡɐˈpo]), officially the City of Olongapo (Filipino: Lungsod ng Olongapo; Ilocano: Siudad ti Olongapo; Sambal: Siyodad nin Olongapo; Kapampangan: Lakanbalen/Ciudad ning Olongapo), is a highly urbanized city situated in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 264,903 people.

It is geographically situated and grouped under the province of Zambales by the Philippine Statistics Authority but governed independently and is also its largest city. Portions of the city also form part of the Subic Special Economic and Freeport Zone.

Along with the municipality of Subic, it comprises Metro Olongapo, one of the twelve metropolitan areas in the Philippines.
Kotoriba
Kotoriba (Hungarian: Kotor, earlier Kottori) is a village and municipality in Međimurje County, in northern Croatia.

Kotoriba is known for being the site of the oldest railway station in present-day Croatia. The opening ceremony was held on 24 April 1860.

Međimurje County
Međimurje County (pronounced [medʑǐmuːrje]; Croatian: Međimurska županija [medʑǐmurskaː ʒupǎnija]; Hungarian: Muraköz megye) is the northernmost county of Croatia, roughly corresponding to the historical and geographical region of Međimurje. It is the smallest Croatian county by size, and the second most densely populated after the City of Zagreb. The county's seat and main urban centre is Čakovec.

The county borders Slovenia in the north-west and Hungary in the east. The south-eastern corner of the county is near the town of Legrad and the confluence of the Mura into the Drava. The closest cities include Varaždin and Koprivnica in Croatia, Lendava, Murska Sobota and Maribor in Slovenia, as well as Nagykanizsa in Hungary and Graz in Austria.
Vorarlberg S-Bahn
Vorarlberg S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Vorarlberg) is a label for regional rail services in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg. The S-Bahn services also connect to stations in the German town of Lindau, the Swiss towns of St. Margrethen and Buchs, and the Principality of Liechtenstein.

It is integrated into the Vorarlberg Transport Association (VVV), which manages ticket pricing. Liechtenstein and northeastern Switzerland are within the Ostwind Transport Association transit district. The services are operated by the state-owned Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB), THURBO (a subsidiary of Swiss Federal Railways) and the privately owned Montafonerbahn (mbs).

Three services (S1, S3, R5) are part of a transnational railway network around Lake Constance (Bodensee) marketed as Bodensee S-Bahn.

Bregenz railway station
Bregenz railway station (German: Bahnhof Bregenz) is a railway station in the municipality of Bregenz, located in the Bregenz district in Vorarlberg, Austria, on the southeastern shore of Lake Constance. It is an intermediate stop on the Vorarlberg line of Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).

The station is located ca. 1.2 km (0.75 mi) away from the valley station of the Pfänderbahn, an aerial tramway to Mount Pfänder.
Pasindu Bimsara
Pasindu Bimsara (born 16 December 1996) is a Sri Lankan first-class cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Lankan Cricket Club in Tier B of the 2016–17 Premier League Tournament on 9 December 2016.

2016–17 Premier League Tournament Tier B
The 2016–17 Premier League Tournament Tier B was the second division of the 29th season of first-class cricket in Sri Lanka's Premier Trophy. The tournament was contested by nine teams, starting on 2 December 2016 and concluding on 29 January 2017. Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club joined the division after they were relegated from the 2015–16 Tier A tournament.

Panadura Sports Club finished top of the table, but it was runners-up Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club who secured promotion to Tier A due to a match-fixing scandal that resulted in the match between Panadura SC and Kalutara Physical Culture Club played on 23–25 January 2017 being declared null and void.
Dimitris Koukoulopoulos
Dimitris Koukoulopoulos (born 1984) is a Greek mathematician working in analytic number theory as a professor at the University of Montreal.

In 2019, in joint work with James Maynard, he proved the Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture.

He was an invited speaker at the 2022 International Congress of Mathematicians.

He was the 2022 recipient of the Ribenboim Prize of the Canadian Number Theory Association.

James Maynard (mathematician)
James Alexander Maynard FRS (born 10 June 1987) is an English mathematician working in analytic number theory and in particular the theory of prime numbers. In 2017, he was appointed research professor at Oxford. Maynard is a fellow of St John's College, Oxford. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2022 and the New Horizons in Mathematics Prize in 2023.
Bachorza, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Bachorza [baˈxɔʐa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ryn, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1945, the settlement was part of Germany (East Prussia) and known as Wiesenthal.

Gmina Ryn
Gmina Ryn is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ryn, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-west of Giżycko and 71 km (44 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 211.21 square kilometres (81.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,986 (out of which the population of Ryn amounts to 3,006, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,980).
Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (Kurdish: پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان, romanized: Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."

The KDP is dominated by the Barzani tribe and the party's stated ideologies are conservatism, secularism, and Kurdish nationalism.

Jalal Talabani
Jalal Talabani (Kurdish: جەلال تاڵەبانی, romanized: Celal Talebanî, Arabic: جلال طالباني, romanized: Jalāl Ṭālabānī; 1933 – 3 October 2017) was an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the president of Iraq from 2005 to 2014, as well as the  president of the Governing Council of Iraq.

Talabani was the founder and secretary-general of one of the main Kurdish political parties, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). He was a prominent member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council, which was established following the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Talabani was an advocate for Kurdish rights and democracy in Iraq for more than 50 years.
Arranged (film)
Arranged is a 2007 American independent buddy film, produced by Cicala Filmworks, directed by Diane Crespo and Stefan Schaefer, and starring Zoe Lister-Jones and Francis Benhamou. It tells the story of the friendship between an Orthodox Jewish woman (Rochel) and a Muslim woman (Nasira), both of whom are teachers in New York City.

Diane Crespo
Diane Crespo is a producer and director of feature films and documentaries. She co-founded Cicala Filmworks in 1997.

Her film credits include Arranged (director/producer), Clutter (director), My Last Day Without You (producer) and Contested Streets (producer).
Vice Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)
The Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) is the second-in-command of the Pakistan Air Force and reports to the Chief of the Air Staff. Since 1979, it has been held by an Air Marshal, a three-star rank air force officer, who is responsible for flight safety, intelligence, procurement, public relations, and the PAF Air War College.

PAF Air War College
PAF Air War College Institute is the Pakistan Air Force academic establishment located at PAF Base Faisal in Karachi, providing training and education primarily to mid-career officers of the air force as well as a limited number of officers from Pakistan Navy, Pakistan Army and allied forces. The college was affiliated with University of Karachi from 1980 to 2005, Air University Pakistan from 2005 to 2007, since then affiliated with the National Defence University, Islamabad along with other staff and war colleges of the Pakistan Army and Pakistan Navy.
Téléphérique du Salève
46°09′46″N 6°11′21″E﻿ / ﻿46.16278°N 6.18917°E﻿ / 46.16278; 6.18917

The Téléphérique du Salève is a passenger cable car providing access to the top of the Salève in Haute-Savoie, France, overlooking the city of Geneva, Switzerland. The cable car is operated by a joint venture between RATP (through its subsidiary RATP Dev), Transports Publics Genevois, and COMAG (a subsidiary of lift manufacturer Poma).

Salève
The Salève (French pronunciation: [salɛv]), or Mont Salève, is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the department of Haute-Savoie in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is also called the "Balcony of Geneva" (French: Balcon de Genève).
Simone Drexel
Simone Drexel (born 13 May 1957 in St. Gallen) is a Swiss singer and songwriter.

In 1975 she represented Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest with her self penned entry Mikado which finished sixth on the night. In 1984, following the birth of her daughter, Drexel retired from the music industry and a year later she started working in Transfusion medicine

In recent years Drexel has returned to the music industry as a music teacher, she is also the lead singer of the group Bluesonix.

St. Gallen
St. Gallen is a Swiss city and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen. It evolved from the hermitage of Saint Gall, founded in the 7th century. Today, it is a large urban agglomeration (with around 167,000 inhabitants in 2019) and represents the center of eastern Switzerland. Its economy consists mainly of the service sector. The city is home to the University of St. Gallen, one of the best business schools in Europe.

The main tourist attraction is the Abbey of Saint Gall, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Abbey's renowned library contains books from the 9th century. The official language of St. Gallen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of Alemannic Swiss German. The city has good transport links to the rest of the country and to neighbouring Germany and Austria. It also functions as the gate to the Appenzellerland.
Hushed and Grim
Hushed and Grim is the eighth studio album by American heavy metal band Mastodon, released on October 29, 2021, through  Reprise Records. At 86 minutes Hushed and Grim is their lengthiest album, and their first double album. Critical reception was positive, and the album sold well globally.

Guest appearances include guitarist Kim Thayil, and bassist Troy Sanders' mother Jody Sanders on French horn. There is no guest vocal from Scott Kelly of Neurosis for the first time since their 2002 debut Remission, due to Kelly's withdrawal from the music scene after admitting to domestic abuse of his wife and children. The album also serves as a tribute to Mastodon's former manager Nick John, who died from cancer in 2018. This is Mastodon's last album with founding guitarist Brent Hinds before his departure from the band in March 2025,  followed by his death five months later.

Brent Hinds
William Brent Hinds (January 16, 1974 – August 20, 2025) was an American musician, best known as the former lead guitarist and one of the vocalists of the Atlanta heavy metal band Mastodon. Hinds was also lead guitarist/singer for the surfabilly band Fiend Without a Face, and was at various times involved in other projects including rock bands The Blood Vessels, West End Motel, Four Hour Fogger, The Last of the Blue Eyed Devils, Giraffe Tongue Orchestra, and Legend of the Seagullmen.
Aspasia (journal)
Aspasia: The International Yearbook of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern European Women's and Gender History is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on women's and gender history in central, eastern, and southeastern Europe. Aspasia was founded in 2006 by Francisca de Haan at the Gender Studies Department of the Central European University and is published by Berghahn Journals. Early editorial board members included the historians Maria Bucur and Krassimira Daskalova.

In the first decade of its existence, the yearbook became an important outlet for feminist research conducted by scholars from Central and Eastern Europe, such as the Romanian philosopher Mihaela Miroiu. In addition to original research articles, the yearbook publishes forums on topics related to women’s and gender history, as well as numerous English book reviews of texts published in the languages of Central and Eastern Europe.

Gender history
Gender history is a sub-field of history and gender studies, which looks at the past from the perspective of gender. It is in many ways, an outgrowth of women's history. The discipline considers in what ways historical events and periodization impact women differently from men. For instance, in an influential article in 1977, "Did Women have a Renaissance?", Joan Kelly questioned whether the notion of a Renaissance was relevant to women.
Gender historians are also interested in how gender difference has been perceived and configured at different times and places, usually with the assumption that such differences are socially constructed. These social constructions of gender throughout time are also represented as changes in the expected norms of behavior for those labeled male or female. Those who study gender history note these changes in norms and those performing them over time and interpret what those changes say about the larger social/cultural/political climate.
Barth Island
Barth Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Peel Sound, south of Somerset Island's Four Rivers Bay, and the equally small Otrick Island. Prince of Wales Island is to the west.

Peel Sound
Peel Sound is an Arctic waterway in the Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada. It separates Somerset Island on the east from Prince of Wales Island on the west. To the north it opens onto Parry Channel while its southern end merges with Franklin Strait.

There are several named islands within the sound, including: Lock, Vivian, Prescott, Pandora, Otrick, Barth, De la Roquette, and Gibson.

Sir John Franklin passed through the strait in 1846 during an unseasonably warm summer, since typically Peel Sound is frozen. Its east side was traced by James Clark Ross in 1849. In 1858 Francis Leopold McClintock tried to penetrate it and was blocked by ice.
Sir John Acland, 1st Baronet
Sir John Acland, 1st Baronet (c. 1591 – 24 August 1647) of Acland in the parish of Landkey and of Columb John in Devon, England, was a Royalist commander in the Civil War, during the early part of which he maintained a garrison for the king on his estate of Columb John. He was created a baronet in 1644 for his support, but the letters patent were lost or never finalised and the dignity was not confirmed until 1677/8, long after his death. He compounded with Parliament for his estate in 1646 and died the following year.

Acland, Landkey
The estate of Acland (alias Accelana, Akeland etc.) in the parish of Landkey, near Barnstaple in North Devon, England, was from 1155 the earliest known seat of the influential and wealthy family of Acland, to which it gave the surname de Acland. It is situated about 3/4 mile north-east of the village of Landkey, from which it is now cut off by the busy A361 North Devon Link Road.

The estate remained the seat of the Aclands until the 17th century, after which it was let to tenants until sold in 1945.
David S. Dorfman
David Dorfman is an American screenwriter. He attended New York University and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in screenwriting. After years of working as a script reader at William Morris, Dorfman finally broke through and sold his first major script to New Line Cinema, originally entitled The Guest, in 1998.

The film's release was delayed and Dorfman's second major script, Anger Management, was actually released first. Anger Management spent two weeks at the top spot at the box office during April 2003 and grossed more than $135 million. The Guest, eventually released during the summer of 2003 under the name My Boss's Daughter, could not match the major success of Anger Management, grossing almost $16 million. Dorfman was rewarded for his work by being named to the list of "Ten Hottest Voices in Comedy" by Variety.

Anger Management (film)
Anger Management is a 2003 American comedy film directed by Peter Segal and written by David S. Dorfman. Starring Adam Sandler and Jack Nicholson with Marisa Tomei, Luis Guzmán, Woody Harrelson and John Turturro in supporting roles, the film tells the story of a businessman who is sentenced to an anger management program under a renowned therapist with unconventional methods. This was the final film role for Lynne Thigpen, who died weeks before its release and is dedicated in her memory. Released in theaters in the United States on April 11, 2003, by Sony Pictures Releasing, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $195 million against a $75 million budget.
Stephan Haggard
Stephan Haggard is Distinguished Research Professor at the School of Global Policy and Strategy and Research Director for Democracy and Global Governance at the UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation. He received his Ph.D. from the University of California Berkeley (1983) and taught in the Government Department at Harvard (1983-1992) before joining the faculty at UC San Diego. From 1992 until 2023, he taught courses on international political economy, the international relations of the Asia-Pacific and qualitative methods. From 2005 to 2022 he was editor of the Journal of East Asian Studies, a journal devoted to publishing innovative social science research on the region.

UC San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy
The University of California, San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy (GPS) is the school of international studies and public policy at the University of California, San Diego. It is a full member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs.
Warren (burrow)
A warren is a network of interconnected burrows, dug by rabbits.  Domestic warrens are artificial, enclosed establishments of animal husbandry dedicated to the raising of rabbits for meat and fur. The term evolved from the medieval Anglo-Norman concept of free warren, which had been, essentially, the equivalent of a hunting license for a given woodland.

Free warren
A free warren—often simply warren—is a type of franchise or privilege conveyed by a sovereign in medieval England to an English subject, promising to hold them harmless for killing game of certain species within a stipulated area, usually a wood or small forest.  The sovereign involved might be either the monarch or a marcher lord.
Kretomino
Kretomino [krɛtɔˈminɔ] (formerly German Krettmin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Manowo, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Manowo, 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Koszalin, and 136 km (85 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. It is located near the national road No 11, which connects Kołobrzeg and Bytom. There is a bus connection between Kretomino and the downtown Koszalin (line no 8).

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 410.

Gmina Manowo
Gmina Manowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Manowo, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Koszalin and 138 km (86 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 188.57 square kilometres (72.8 mi2), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,322.