hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Axiom of equity
The axiom of equity was proposed by Samuel Clarke, an English philosopher, in the spirit of the ethic of reciprocity.

In his book A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion, and the Truth and Certainty of the Christian Revelation, Clarke wrote:

Whatever I judge reasonable or unreasonable for another to do to me; that, by the same judgment, I declare reasonable or unreasonable, that I in the like case should do for him.

Hastings Rashdall, in his 1907 book The Theory of Good and Evil, restated the axiom as:

One man's good is of as much intrinsic worth as the like good of another.

The Theory of Good and Evil
The Theory of Good and Evil is a 1907 book about ethics by the English philosopher Hastings Rashdall. The book, which has been compared to the philosopher G. E. Moore's Principia Ethica (1903), is Rashdall's best known work, and is considered his most important philosophical work. Some commentators have suggested that, compared to Principia Ethica, it has been unfairly neglected.
Les têtes interverties
Les têtes interverties, also known as La cravate, The Transposed Heads and The Severed Heads, is a 1957 French short film written and directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky, Saul Gilbert, and Ruth Michelly. Shot between 1953 and 1957, the film is a mime adaptation of Thomas Mann's 1940 novella The Transposed Heads (Die vertauschten Köpfe). The film stars the surreal humorist Raymond Devos as well as Jodorowsky himself.

The Transposed Heads
The Transposed Heads (German: Die vertauschten Köpfe) is a novella by Thomas Mann. It was written in 1940 and published later that year by Bermann-Fischer. The English translation by H. T. Lowe-Porter was published in 1941 by Alfred A. Knopf. It was one of Mann's last novellas, followed only by The Tables of the Law in 1944 and The Black Swan in 1954. Set in India, the story is a jocular retelling of an ancient folk legend.
Battle of Olustra
The Battle of Olustra (Swedish: Slaget vid Olustra; 1229) was a battle between Erik Eriksson, and the Folkungs, led by Knut Holmgersson. The battle did most likely take place in Olustra in Södermanland (Sweden), but other mentions say that it took place in Alvastra, Östergötland. The battle ended in a victory for the Folkungs, Erik Eriksson fled to Denmark in 1230.

Knut Långe
Knut Långe ("the Tall"), also known as Canute II, was King of Sweden from 1229 until his death in 1234. He was the father of Holmger Knutsson, a later pretender for the Swedish throne. Both father and son were members of the House of Folkung. He is often identified with Knut Holmgersson, a relative of King Erik Eriksson.
Albert Rostenkowski
Albert Rostenkowski (1875–1929) was a state legislator in Illinois. He served several terms in the Illinois House of Representatives.

He was born April 23, 1875 in Gostycyn, Poland, and moved to the United States in 1892.

He worked as a deputy tax collector and deputy tax assessor. He was elected to the Illinois House in 1912. A Republican, he was in the Illinois House from 1913 to 1916 and from 1923 to 1926. Joe Rostenkowski was his nephew.

He died in 1929 and was remembered by the house.

Gostycyn
Gostycyn [ɡɔsˈtɨt͡sɨn] is a village in Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Gostycyn. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania.
Wilhelm René de l'Homme de Courbière
Wilhelm René de l'Homme de Courbière (25 February 1733 – 23 July 1811) was a Dutch-born military officer who served in the Dutch States Army and the Prussian Army. Born into a Dutch-Huguenot family; he notably held the fortress of Graudenz against Napoleon's troops throughout 1807, long past the Peace of Tilsit, until the siege was finally lifted after 11 months.

Siege of Graudenz
The siege of Graudenz or siege of Grudziądz was a siege during the Napoleonic Wars between 22 January and 11 December, 1807. As part of the War of the Fourth Coalition the Prussian fortress at Graudenz in West Prussia in the Prussian Partition of Poland (now Grudziądz, Poland) was besieged by forces of the French Empire and its allies. The garrison, commanded by General Wilhelm René de l'Homme de Courbière, withheld blockade and siege for some 11 months, long past the formal Peace of Tilsit. The French abandoned the siege after the borders between Prussia and the new Duchy of Warsaw were defined; Graudenz/Grudziądz staying a Prussian possession until Poland regained independence after World War I.

The Polish 2nd, 4th and 7th Infantry Regiments took part in the battle on the side of Napoleon.
Kimiko Date
Kimiko Date (伊達 公子, Date Kimiko; born 28 September 1970) is a Japanese former professional tennis player. She reached the semifinals of the 1994 Australian Open, the 1995 French Open and the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, and won the Japan Open a record four times. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 4 in 1995, and first retired from professional tennis in November 1996.

Date returned to tennis nearly twelve years later, announcing an unexpected comeback in April 2008. She then won her eighth WTA Tour title at the 2009 Korea Open, becoming the second-oldest player in the Open era, after Billie Jean King, to win a singles title on the WTA Tour. In 2013, she won three WTA Tour titles in doubles and at the 2014 US Open, aged 43, she reached the semifinals of a Grand Slam doubles tournament for the first time in her career. Date announced her final retirement in September 2017.

1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Defending champion Steffi Graf defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in a rematch of the previous year's final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. It was her seventh and last Wimbledon singles title, and 20th major singles title overall. It was the second consecutive major final between the two, with Graf winning the French Open crown over Sánchez Vicario a month earlier.

Kimiko Date reached the semifinals, the last time a Japanese woman would do so at a major until Naomi Osaka in 2018.
Fitling
Fitling is a hamlet in the civil parish of East Garton, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in an area known as Holderness.
It is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Withernsea town centre. It lies 1 mile (1.6 km)   west of the B1242 road.

Fitling was formerly a township in the parish of Humbleton, in 1866 Fitling became a civil parish, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished to form East Garton. In 1931 the parish had a population of 85.

The name Fitling derives from the Old English Fitelaingas meaning 'the people of Fitela'.

In 1823 parish inhabitants numbered 119. Occupations included ten farmers and a shoemaker.

East Garton
East Garton is a civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated 7 miles (11 km) to the north-west of Withernsea town centre and covering an area of 1,346.121 hectares (3,326.34 acres).

The civil parish is formed by the village of Garton and the hamlets of Fitling and Grimston.

According to the 2011 UK census, East Garton parish had a population of 199, a decrease on the 2001 UK census figure of 219.
Okina, Álava
Okina  (Spanish: Oquina) is a village of the municipality of Bernedo, in the province of Álava in the Basque Country of Spain, situated about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Vitoria-Gasteiz. Its population as of 2014 is 29.

Bernedo
Bernedo is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. The town of Bernedo is considered the capital of the municipality, which consists of several towns. Over the years, the municipality of Bernedo has absorbed other, smaller municipalities, which have ceased to exist.
Nicola Tagliacozzi Canale
Nicola Tagliacozzi Canale (Naples, 1691 – Naples, 1764) was an Italian architect, engineer, engraver, and scenic designer of the Rococo period in Naples, Kingdom of Naples. He was influenced by his contemporaries Domenico Antonio Vaccaro and Ferdinando Sanfelice. He contributed to original designs or reconstructions at Santissima Trinità delle Monache, San Martino, San Gregorio Armeno, Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, a chapel of the Cathedral of Barletta, and Palazzo Trabucco. he also helped design the Basilica Minore Santa Maria Assunta e Santo Stefano Vescovo of Caiazzo.

Santa Maria di Costantinopoli
The Church of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli is a 16th-century Roman Catholic church located on the street of the same name in Naples, Italy, and located a block north of the Academy of Fine Arts of Naples.
The Velvet Hour
The Velvet Hour is a 2003 album by Bird York. It features the song "In the Deep" from the film Crash. Producers on this record include Michael Becker, Bird York, Thom Russo and Larry Klein. It also includes songs heard on CSI: NY, House, Everwood, Jake 2.0, in Seven Pounds and the John Cusack-produced feature Never Get Outta the Boat among others. This record was licensed by EMI from York's label Blissed Out Records in 2006 and rereleased with minor changes as Wicked Little High. York was nominated for an Oscar in 2006 for her song "In the Deep" (which was commissioned by director Paul Haggis for Crash) and performed the song at that year's Oscar ceremony.

Thom Russo
Thomas Russo is an American record producer, composer, mixing engineer, and songwriter. His work spans Anglo-American pop rock and alternative rock, as well as Latin music. He has received 16 Grammy Awards.
Dual snub 24-cell
In geometry, the dual snub 24-cell is a 144 vertex convex 4-polytope composed of 96 irregular cells. Each cell has faces of two kinds: three kites and six isosceles triangles. The polytope has a total of 432 faces (144 kites and 288 isosceles triangles) and 480 edges.

120-cell
In geometry, the 120-cell is the convex regular 4-polytope (four-dimensional analogue of a Platonic solid) with Schläfli symbol {5,3,3}. It is also called a C120,  dodecaplex (short for "dodecahedral complex"), hyperdodecahedron, polydodecahedron, hecatonicosachoron, dodecacontachoron and hecatonicosahedroid.

The boundary of the 120-cell is composed of 120 dodecahedral cells with 4 meeting at each vertex. Together they form 720 pentagonal faces, 1200 edges, and 600 vertices. It is the 4-dimensional analogue of the regular dodecahedron, since just as a dodecahedron has 12 pentagonal facets, with 3 around each vertex, the dodecaplex has 120 dodecahedral facets, with 3 around each edge. Its dual polytope is the 600-cell.
Old Northern Inn
The Old Northern Inn is the oldest hostelry in northern Idaho. Located on Priest Lake in Coolin, Idaho, the two-story log hotel was built in 1900 by Walt Williams, an employee of the Great Northern Railroad. One of a number of lodges created to attract more passengers to the rail line, the Northern Inn is the only one that remains from the early days of Idaho statehood when mining, timber, and tourism businesses were beginning to develop around Priest Lake.

Priest Lake
Priest Lake is a lake in Idaho, United States, in the northernmost portion of the Idaho Panhandle, 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Spokane, Washington. The northern end of the lake extends to within 15 miles (24 km) of the Canada–United States border. The primary lake, lower Priest, is 19 miles (31 km) long and over 300 feet (91 m) deep.  Upper Priest is connected by a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) thoroughfare to lower Priest.
Tonight Is Ours
Tonight Is Ours is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Stuart Walker and starring Claudette Colbert, Fredric March and Alison Skipworth. Made by Paramount Pictures, it is based on the play The Queen Was in the Parlour by Noël Coward.

The Queen Was in the Parlour
The Queen Was in the Parlour: a romance in three acts is a play by the English writer Noël Coward. Although written in 1922 it was not produced until 24 August 1926, when it was premiered at the St Martin's Theatre.

The play is Coward's only venture into Ruritanian romance. It ran for 136 performances and was well received, but has nonetheless never been revived in the West End.
Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica 2008
The seventh annual Premios MTV Latinoamérica 2008 took place on October 16, 2008 in Guadalajara, Mexico at the Auditorio Telmex for the first time.

Jose Tillan was the Executive Producer of the event.

Durch den Monsun
"Durch den Monsun" (English: "Through the Monsoon") and "Monsoon" are songs by German pop rock band Tokio Hotel. The German version of "Durch den Monsun" was released as the band's debut single in 2005 from their debut album, Schrei. The album Schrei also contains the Japanese version of the song. An English version named "Monsoon" was later recorded and included in the band's first English album, Scream, and released as their first English single in 2007.

In August 2020, Tokio Hotel announced new versions of "Durch den Monsun" and "Monsoon" to celebrate the single's 15th anniversary, with the German version appearing on Tokio Hotel's seventh album, 2001. "Durch den Monsun 2020" and "Monsoon 2020" were respectively released on 2 and 16 October 2020.
Jose Solache
José Luis Solache (born 1980) is an American politician who is serving a member of the California State Assembly since 2024, representing the 62nd district. A member of the Democratic Party, his district covers parts of the Gateway Cities in southeastern Los Angeles County, including the cities of Lynwood, Bellflower, Lakewood, and Paramount, as well as the more central cities of Huntington Park, Maywood, and South Gate. Prior to being elected to the assembly, he served as a member of the Lynwood City Council from 2013 to 2024, serving intermittently as its mayor.

Maywood, California
Maywood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. A gateway city, at 1.18 square miles (3.1 km2) Maywood is the third-smallest incorporated city in Los Angeles County by area. It is bordered by the cities of Bell on the south, Vernon on the north and west, Huntington Park on the southwest, and Commerce on the east.

As of July 1, 2010, Maywood became the first municipality in California to outsource all of its city services, dismantling its police department, laying off all city employees except for the city manager, city attorney and elected officials, and contracting with outside agencies for the provision of all municipal services. The population was 25,138 at the 2020 census.
USS Cabildo
USS Cabildo (LSD-16) was a Casa Grande-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy. She was named for The Cabildo in New Orleans, the old town hall and now a historical museum, where the formal transfer of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States took place.

Cabildo was laid down on 24 July 1944 by Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Newport News, Virginia; launched on 22 December 1944, sponsored by Miss A. B. Pendleton; and commissioned on 15 March 1945.

The Cabildo
The Cabildo, originally called "Casa Capitular", is a historical building in New Orleans, Louisiana. Originally the seat of Spanish colonial city hall, the building now forms part of the Louisiana State Museum. It is located along Jackson Square, adjacent to St. Louis Cathedral.
Briar Bauman
Briar Bauman is an American Flat Track racer from the United States. Two time AFT Grand National Champion years 2019 and 2020. He achieved the second place at 2018 X Games Harley-Davidson Flat-Track and the third place at the AFT twins in 2018.

X Games Harley-Davidson Flat-Track
X Games Harley-Davidson Flat-Track racing was an event for the ESPN Summer X Games held in Austin, Texas, first held on June 4, 2015.
Flat-Track racing will return to X Games for 2016 in Austin on Thursday, June 2, 2016.

The 2015 event had a very rough track due to torrential rains, but was still very well received by the public and press
St Anne's Church, Turton
St Anne's Church is a Grade II listed building in Chapeltown, Turton, in the Borough of Blackburn with Darwen, Lancashire, England. It is an active Church of England parish church in the Diocese of Manchester and is part of the Deanery of Bolton and Archdeaconry of Bolton.

John Palmer (architect)
John Palmer (28 January 1785, Bishop Middleham, County Durham – 23 August 1846, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester) was an English architect who practised in Manchester. He was buried in the graveyard of St. Augustine's Chapel, which he had designed.
Bedford County, Virginia
Bedford County is a United States county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its county seat is the town of Bedford, which was an independent city from 1968 until rejoining the county in 2013.

Bedford County was created in 1753 from parts of Lunenburg County, and several changes in alignment were made until the present borders were established in 1786. The county was named in honor of John Russell, an English statesman and fourth Duke of Bedford.

Bedford County is part of the Lynchburg metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Bedford's population was 79,462. The county population has more than doubled since 1980.

Poplar Forest
Poplar Forest is a plantation and retreat home in Forest, Virginia, United States, that belonged to Thomas Jefferson, Founding Father and third U.S. president. Jefferson inherited the property in 1773 and began designing and working on his retreat home in 1806. While Jefferson is the most famous individual associated with the property, it had several owners before being purchased for restoration, preservation, and exhibition in 1984.

Poplar Forest was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1971 and is now operated as a historic house museum by the nonprofit Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest. The corporation is also responsible for the ongoing archaeological study and restoration work at the property. The Corporation celebrated the completed restoration of Jefferson's villa retreat in April 2023.
Nathaniel Kahn
Nathaniel Kahn (born November 9, 1962, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American filmmaker. His documentaries My Architect (2003) – about his father, the architect Louis Kahn – and Two Hands (2006) were nominated for Academy Awards. His mother is landscape architect Harriet Pattison.

In 2018 Kahn directed the HBO documentary The Price of Everything about the exponential sums paid for works on the Contemporary art market. In 2023, he directed Deep Sky.

Kahn is a graduate of Germantown Friends School and Yale University.

Germantown Friends School
40°01′58″N 75°10′18″W﻿ / ﻿40.03278°N 75.17167°W﻿ / 40.03278; -75.17167
Germantown Friends School (GFS) is a private, coeducational PreK–12 school in the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States under the supervision of Germantown Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). It is governed by a School Committee whose members are drawn from the membership of the Meeting, the school's alumni and parents of current students and alumni. The head of school is Dana Weeks.
Bund Blasting Device
The DRDO Bund Blasting Device (BBD) is a portable embankment blasting device that was developed by the Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in India. The device is designed for the controlled demolition of bunds or earthen embankments.

Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory
Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) is a laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) which comes under Ministry of Defence. Located in Chandigarh, the laboratory has become one of the major DRDO labs in the field of armament studies. TBRL is organized under the cluster of missiles and strategic system  of DRDO. The present director of TBRL is Prateek Kishore.
Paul Merton
Paul James Martin (born 9 July 1957), known by the stage name Paul Merton, is an English comedian who is best known as one of the two regular panellists on the television show Have I Got News for You.

Known for his improvisation skill, Merton's humour is rooted in deadpan, surreal and sometimes dark comedy. He has been ranked by critics, fellow comedians and viewers to be among Britain's greatest comedians. He made his breakthrough in the late 1980s as a regular performer on the original British version of the comedy improvisation show Whose Line Is It Anyway?, and has been a team captain on Have I Got News for You since it began in 1990. He was also the host of Room 101 from 1999 to 2007, replacing original host Nick Hancock.

Merton appears as a panellist regularly on Radio 4's Just a Minute, first appearing in 1989, and became the only remaining regular panellist in 2009 following the death of Clement Freud. He has also appeared as one of the Comedy Store's Comedy Store Players.

National Comedy Awards
The National Comedy Awards (known as the British Comedy Awards from 1990 to 2014) is an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom, celebrating notable comedians and entertainment performances of the previous year.
Looney Tunes Collector's Vault
Looney Tunes Collector's Vault is a series of 2-disc Blu-rays from Warner Bros. Home Entertainment's Warner Archive division collecting various Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical animated short subjects from Warner Bros. Cartoons. It is the spiritual successor to the Looney Tunes Collector's Choice Blu-ray series.

Unlike the previous Collector's Choice series - which only contained a single disc with 25 cartoons - Collector's Vault contains two discs with 50 cartoons (51 on Volume 2). Volume 1, released on June 17, 2025, contains 24 shorts never-before-remastered on DVD or Blu-ray (and one double-dip) on the first disc, and 25 shorts previously released on DVD making their Blu-ray debut on the second disc. Volume 2, scheduled to be released on March 24, 2026, will contain 26 shorts never-before-remastered on DVD or Blu-ray on the first disc and 25 shorts previously released on DVD making their Blu-ray debut on the second disc.

Double or Mutton
Double or Mutton is a 1955 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. The short was released on July 23, 1955, and is the third cartoon featuring Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog.

Mel Blanc provided for the voices of all the characters in this cartoon; however, like all Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog shorts, this short is mostly composed of visual gags.

The title is a play on the gambling wager double or nothing. This is also the first short where it is clearly established that Sam and Ralph are coworkers, as well as the first short where their names are consistent.
Lithuanian language
Lithuanian (lietuvių kalba, pronounced [lʲiəˈtʊvʲuː kɐɫˈbɐ]) is an East Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the language of Lithuanians and the official language of Lithuania as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are approximately 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 1.5 million speakers elsewhere. Around half a million inhabitants of Lithuania of non-Lithuanian background speak Lithuanian daily as a second language.

Lithuanian is closely related to neighbouring Latvian, though the two languages are not mutually intelligible. It is written in a Latin script. Some linguists consider it to be the most conservative of the existing Indo-European languages, retaining features of the Proto-Indo-European language that have otherwise been lost to more recent linguistic developments in the remainder of its descendant languages.

August Schleicher
August Schleicher (German: [ˈaʊɡʊst ˈʃlaɪçɐ]; 19 February 1821 – 6 December 1868) was a German linguist. Schleicher studied the Proto-Indo-European language and devised theories concerning historical linguistics. His great work was A Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European Languages in which he attempted to reconstruct the Proto-Indo-European language. To show how Indo-European might have looked, he created a short tale, Schleicher's fable, to exemplify the reconstructed vocabulary and aspects of Indo-European society inferred from it.