hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Optical mark recognition
Optical mark recognition  (OMR) collects data from people by identifying markings on a paper. 
OMR enables the hourly processing of hundreds or even thousands of documents. A common application of this technology is used in exams, where students mark cells as their answers. This allows for very fast automated grading of exam sheets.

Optical reader
An optical reader is a device that observes visual information and translates it into digital information, as found within most image and barcode and matrix-code scanners.

An example of optical readers are marksense systems for elections where voters mark their choice by filling a rectangle, circle, or oval, or by completing an arrow. After the voting a tabulating device reads the votes using "dark mark logic", whereby the computer selects the darkest mark within a given set as the intended choice or vote.
Permyak Salty Ears
Permyak Salty Ears (Russian: Пермяк солёные уши) is a 2006 urban sculpture by Rustam Ismagilov in the city of Perm, Russia. The sculpture consists of two parts - the figure of the photographer, standing with a camera on a tripod, and a round frame with large ears, in which those who wish to pose for a photograph can put their faces. The sculpture is located on the main street of the city of Perm, Komsomol Prospect, near the "Ural" hotel and is located on the "Perm Green Line" - a pedestrian route for tourists.

Perm, Russia
Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA: [pʲermʲ] ⓘ, IPA: [pʲerʲmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем; Komi: Перым), originally known as Yagoshikha (Ягошиха; 1723–1781) and briefly as Molotov (Молотов; 1940–1957), is the administrative centre of Perm Krai in the European part of Russia. It sits on the banks of the Kama River near the Ural Mountains, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents Perm is the 15th-largest city in Russia and the 5th-largest in the Volga Federal District.
Leezen (Amt)
Leezen is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Leezen.

The Amt Leezen consists of the following municipalities:

Bark

Bebensee

Fredesdorf

Groß Niendorf

Högersdorf

Kükels

Leezen

Mözen

Neversdorf

Schwissel

Todesfelde

Wittenborn

53°52′01″N 10°15′00″E﻿ / ﻿53.867°N 10.250°E﻿ / 53.867; 10.250

Segeberg
Segeberg (German pronunciation: [ˈzeːɡəˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; North Frisian: Segebärj) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the southwest and clockwise) the districts of Pinneberg, Steinburg and Rendsburg-Eckernförde, the city of Neumünster, the districts of Plön, Ostholstein and Stormarn, and the city state of Hamburg.
Levasseur PL.400
The Levasseur PL.400 was an artillery observation / liaison aircraft built by Société Pierre Levasseur Aéronautique in the late 1930s.

The PL.400 was a high-wing monoplane of wood and metal construction. The aircraft first flew on December 19, 1939, but was later burned intentionally in June 1940 to avoid capture by German forces.

PL.400

The first prototype, powered by a 220 hp (160 kW) Potez 9C radial engine; one built.

PL.401

The second prototype, powered by a 220 hp (160 kW) Renault 6Q-09 in-line engine; completed but not flown before the French collapse in 1940.

Pierre Levasseur (aircraft builder)
Pierre Georges Albert Levasseur (July 16, 1890 in Paris – August 2, 1941 in Paris) was a French aircraft and component maker. He set up his company Société Pierre Levasseur Aéronautique, always referred to simply as Levasseur in Paris in 1910, beginning by making propellers. In 1913 he began building aircraft designed by others. He then began to design his own, the majority of which were single-engine biplanes for French Naval Aviation. He also ran a flying school, where the chief pilot of his school was François Denhaut (1877–1952), notable for designing the first flying boat. Georges Abrial (1898 – 1970), an early French aerodynamicist, also worked with Levasseur to produce the Levasseur-Abrial A-1.
Monika Absolonová
Monika Absolonová (born 27 September 1976) is a Czech singer and actress who debuted in 1993 with her first album, Monika. In 2002, she performed the title role in the famous Czech musical, Kleopatra, at Broadway Theatre in Prague. Absolonová performed her first solo concert in Prague's Broadway Theatre in 2010. She took part in the Czech version of Dancing with the Stars in 2010. The same year Absolonová was among the headliners for a concert in Prague's Old Town Square to support the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. In 2013, she became the Czech singing voice of Elsa in Frozen.

Broadway Theatre (Prague)
Broadway Theatre (Czech: Divadlo Broadway) is a theatre in Prague, Czech Republic. It is situated in the Celetná and Na Příkopě streets of the Old Town district of Prague. It opened in 2002. It focuses on production of musicals.

Broadway Theatre is a part of the Palace Sevastopol, which was originally built in functionalist style in 1938. The Celetná and Na Příkopě streets are connected by Broadway Passage. The palace is listed in the register of protected buildings.

The theatre's first production was the musical Cleopatra, which made its début on 22 February 2002 and featured Bára Basiková, Ilona Csáková, Monika Absolonová and Radka Fišarová alternating in the title role.
Drangiana
Drangiana or Zarangiana (Greek: Δραγγιανή, Drangianē;  also attested in Old Western Iranian as 𐏀𐎼𐎣, Zraka or Zranka, was a historical region and administrative division of the Achaemenid Empire. This region comprised territory around Hamun Lake, wetlands in endorheic Sistan Basin on the Iran-Afghan border, and its primary watershed Helmand river in what is nowadays southwestern region of Afghanistan. The historic Drangiana roughly corresponds with the modern Sistan region.

Sistan
Sistān (Persian: سیستان), also known as Sakastān (سَكستان, lit. 'the land of the Saka', current name: Zabol) and Sijistan (سِجِستان), is a historical region in south-eastern Iran, and extending across the borders of south-western Afghanistan, and south-western Pakistan. Mostly corresponding to the then Achaemenid region of Drangiana and extending southwards of the Helmand River not far off from the city of Alexandria in Arachosia. Largely desert, the region is bisected by the Helmand River, which empties into the Hamun Lake, located in Zabol, that forms part of the border between Iran and Afghanistan.
Dual number
In algebra, the dual numbers are a quadratic algebra first introduced in the 19th century. They are expressions of the form a + bε, where a and b are real numbers, and ε is a symbol taken to satisfy  with .

Dual numbers can be added component-wise, and multiplied by the formula

which follows from the property ε2 = 0 and the fact that multiplication is a bilinear operation.

The dual numbers form a commutative algebra of dimension two over the reals, and also an Artinian local ring. They are one of the simplest examples of a ring that has nonzero nilpotent elements.

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
Mpassa River
The Mpassa River (French: Rivière Mpassa) is a tributary of the Ogooue River.

It flows in Gabon, and passes through Franceville. Its main tributary is the Ndjoumou River. The Mpassa River rises in the Bateke Plateau near the border with the Republic of the Congo.

Ogooué River
The Ogooué (or Ogowe), also known as the Nazareth River, some 1,200 km (750 mi) long, is the principal river of Gabon in west-central Africa and the fourth largest river in Africa by volume of discharge, trailing only the Congo, Kasai and Niger. Its watershed drains nearly the entire country of Gabon, with some tributaries reaching into the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea.
Veii
Veii (also Veius; Italian: Veio) was an important ancient Etruscan city situated on the southern limits of Etruria and 16 km (9.9 mi) north-northwest of Rome, Italy. It now lies in Isola Farnese, in the comune of Rome. Many other sites associated with and in the city-state of Veii are in Formello, immediately to the north. Formello is named after the drainage channels that were first created by the Veians.

Veii was the richest city of the Etruscan League. It was alternately at war and in alliance with the Roman Kingdom and later Republic for over 300 years. It eventually fell in the Battle of Veii to Roman general Camillus's army in 396 BC. Veii continued to be occupied after its capture by the Romans.

The site is now a protected area, part of the Parco di Veio established by the regional authority of Lazio in 1997.

Roman–Etruscan Wars
Template:Campaignbox Roman-Etruscan Wars
The Roman–Etruscan Wars, also known as the Etruscan Wars or the Etruscan–Roman Wars, were a series of wars fought between ancient Rome (in both the regal and the republican periods) and the Etruscans. Information about many of the wars is limited, particularly those in the early parts of Rome's history, and in large part is known from ancient texts alone. The conquest of Etruria was completed in 265–264 BC.
Aspire (political party)
Aspire is a British local political party in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, England, formed by Lutfur Rahman and councillors elected as members of his Tower Hamlets First party. After Tower Hamlets First was removed from the register of political parties following voting fraud and malpractice, its councillors formed the Tower Hamlets Independent Group (THIG). After some defections, the remaining Tower Hamlets Independent Group councillors registered formally as a political party in 2018. Most of its elected members were former Labour Party members, with a few exceptions.

It was the largest political opposition on Tower Hamlets Council before the 2018 May elections and then gained majority control of the council in the 2022 election, winning 24 of the council's 45 seats. Rahman was also re-elected mayor in those elections.

Mayor of Tower Hamlets
The mayor of Tower Hamlets is the directly elected mayor of Tower Hamlets London Borough Council in east London, England. The first election for this position occurred on 21 October 2010, taking on the executive function of the borough council. The position is different from the previous largely ceremonial, annually appointed mayors of Tower Hamlets, who became known as the 'Chair of Council' after the first election and are now known as the 'Speaker of Council'. The second election was held on 22 May 2014, the same day as the Tower Hamlets Council election, other United Kingdom local elections, and European Parliament elections, but the election result was declared void by the election court. A by-election was held on 11 June 2015.
Kara-Jygach, Batken
Kara-Jygach (Kyrgyz: Кара-Жыгач) is a village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kadamjay District. Its population was 3,152 in 2021. Nearby towns and villages include Kara-Kyshtak (2 km or 1 mi) and Chauvay (5 km or 3 mi).

Chauvay
Chauvay (Kyrgyz: Чаувай, romanized: Chauvay) is a village in Kadamjay District of Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It was established in regard with the extraction of mercury and antimony in 1947. Its population was 1,636 in 2021. Until 2012 it was an urban-type settlement.

Nearby villages include Kara-Kyshtak (3 km or 2 mi) and Kara-Jygach (5 km or 3 mi).
Patinho Feio
Patinho Feio (Portuguese for "Ugly Duckling", in reference to the fairy tale) was the first minicomputer designed and manufactured entirely in Brazil. It was made between 1971 and 1972 in the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo by the Digital Systems Laboratory (currently called Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Systems).

Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo
The Escola Politécnica of the University of São Paulo (or the Engineering School of the University of São Paulo, Portuguese: Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo) (usually called Poli, Poli-USP or EPUSP) is an engineering school at the University of São Paulo (USP) in São Paulo, Brazil.

It was founded in 1893 - before the creation of USP itself - and was the first engineering school in the state of São Paulo. Its original name was "Escola Politécnica de São Paulo". It was incorporated by USP in 1934. Its students are known as "politécnicos".
WHCT-LD
WHCT-LD (channel 35) is a low-power television station licensed to both Hartford and New Haven, Connecticut, United States, airing programming from the classic television network MeTV. The station is owned and operated by Weigel Broadcasting, and maintains a transmitter on Rattlesnake Mountain in Farmington.

Weigel Broadcasting
Weigel Broadcasting Co. is an American television broadcasting company based in Chicago, Illinois, alongside its flagship station WCIU-TV (Channel 26), at 26 North Halsted Street in the Greektown neighborhood. It currently owns 25 television stations, seven digital over-the-air television networks (most notably MeTV), and one radio station.
Quandamooka people
The Quandamooka people are Aboriginal Australians who live around Moreton Bay in Southeastern Queensland. They are composed of three distinct tribes, the Nunukul, the Goenpul and the Ngugi, and they live primarily on Moreton and North Stradbroke Islands, that form the eastern side of the bay. Many were pushed out of their lands when the English colonial government established a penal colony near there in 1824. Each group has its own language. A number of local food sources are utilised by the tribes.

Nunukul
The Nunukul, also spelt Noonuccal and known also as Moondjan are an Aboriginal Australian people, one of three Quandamooka peoples, who traditionally lived on Minjerribah, in Moreton Bay Area and in mainland Brisbane regions.
Euthymius the Great
Euthymius the Great (377 – 20 January 473) was an abbot in Palestine. He is venerated in both Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.

Euthymius' vita was written by Cyril of Skythopolis, who describes him as the founder of several monasteries in the Judaean desert, while remaining a solitary monk in the tradition of Egyptian monasticism. He nevertheless played a decisive role in helping the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon (451) prevail in Jerusalem, in spite of the majority of the monks in the region opposing it.

Chariton the Confessor
Chariton the Confessor (Greek: Χαρίτων; mid-3rd century, Iconium, Asia Minor – c. 350, Judaean desert) was an early Christian monk. He is venerated as a saint by both the  Western and  Eastern Churches. His remembrance day is September 28.
6th Army Corps (Ukraine)
The 6th Army Corps (Ukrainian: 6-й армійський корпус, romanized: 6-y armiys'kyi korpus) was one of three army corps of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. The Corps was headquartered in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. Its units were spread across Poltava Oblast, Sumy Oblast, Kharkiv Oblast, and Kirovohrad Oblast. The Corps was formed in 1993 after the collapse of the Soviet Union from a redesignation of the former Soviet 6th Guards Tank Army. It was disbanded in 2013 when the Ukrainian Ground Forces were reorganized, being replaced by Operational Command South.

254th Motor Rifle Division
The 254th Motor Rifle Division was a motorized infantry division of the Soviet Army during the Cold War and later the Ukrainian Army.  It was formed in June 1941 from NKVD Border Troops and reservists as part of the Northwestern Front and fought against the German invasion of Russia.  In 1944 the division was the first Soviet unit to enter Romanian territory and in 1945 fought in the Battle of Bautzen.  The division, briefly renumbered as the 27th Mechanized Division, was part of the Soviet forces that put down the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and was afterwards stationed in Hungary.  The unit participated in the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, after which it returned to Hungary.

The unit was withdrawn to Ukraine in 1990 and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union was transferred to Ukraine. The unit was downsized to form the  52nd Separate Mechanized Brigade (52-ha okrema mekhanizovana bryhada) and was disbanded in October 2004.
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543 CE). The book, first printed in 1543 CE in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire, offered an alternative model of the universe to Ptolemy's geocentric system, which had been widely accepted since ancient times.

Diego de Zúñiga
To be distinguished from Diego López de Zúñiga (theologian) (d.1531)

Diego de Zúñiga of Salamanca (sometimes Latinized as Didacus a Stunica) (1536–1597) was an Augustinian Hermit and academic. He is known for publishing an early acceptance of the Copernican theory, he was also the most important Augustinian scholastic thinker from the second half of the XVI century.
José Luis de Villabaso
José Luis de Villabaso Gorrita (20 August 1852 – 26 July 1917) was a Spanish industrialist. He is best known for being the fundamental force behind the foundation of Bilbao Football Club in 1900, the very first official club in the city of Bilbao.

Julio de Arteche
Julio Francisco Domingo de Arteche y Villabaso (4 August 1878 – 12 July 1960) was a Spanish businessman and banker who served as the first non-rotating president of the Banco de Bilbao.

He was a prominent businessman although he maintained a certain political activity in the early 1920s, being a deputy for Markina in 1923. At the age of 25, he was appointed as a director of Banco Bilbao, and remained link to it for six decades and from there to a multitude of companies. Among other things, he was the president of the administrative councils of ten companies and companies and the vice-president of three others.

He was the first Count of Arteche between 1950 and 1963. He was the brother of Antonio, the first Marquis of Buniel, deputy to the Cortes between 1905 and 1923 for Burgos.
Pakistan Army F.C.
The Pakistan Army Football Club serves as the football section of the Pakistan Army. The club used to compete in the National Football Championship and Pakistan Premier League. The club regularly participates in the National Football Challenge Cup.

The club is operated by the Pakistan Army Sports Directorate, and its players are employed in the Pakistan Army, and recruited through the Army's sports quota or selected from within the forces.

2005 Pakistan Premier League
The 2005 Pakistan Premier League season was the 2nd season of Pakistan Premier League and 51st season of Pakistan domestic football. The season started on 31 July 2005 and concluded on 23 October 2005.
Chorleywood Common
Chorleywood Common is a 75.6 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Chorleywood in Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by Chorleywood Parish Council, and the declaring authority is Hertfordshire County Council. The common is part of the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Habitats on the common are acid heathland, neutral grassland, chalk meadows and secondary woodland. There are also seven ponds which have rare plants and amphibians. Some 300 fungi, 70 plant species and 50 birds have been recorded.

There is access from Rickmansworth Road and Dog Kennel Lane.

Chorleywood
Chorleywood is a village and civil parish in the Three Rivers District, Hertfordshire, on the border with Buckinghamshire, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Charing Cross. The village is adjacent to the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is part of the London commuter belt included in the government-defined Greater London Urban Area. Chorleywood was historically part of the parish of Rickmansworth, becoming a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1845 and a separate civil parish in 1898. The population of the parish was 11,286 at the 2011 census.

In 2004, a study by The Social Disadvantage Research Centre at the University of Oxford named Chorleywood as the "happiest place" to live in the UK. Of the 32,482 communities surveyed, Chorleywood came out top. More recently, Chorleywood has been ranked as the "least deprived" area in the country by the Department of Communities and Local Government.
Al-Batani al-Sharqi
Al-Batani al-Sharqi (Arabic: البطاني الشرقي) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict, located 36.5 kilometers (22.7 mi) northeast  of Gaza situated in the flat terrain on the southern coastal plain of Palestine. It had a population of 650 in 1945. Al-Batani al-Sharqi was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Gaza Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء غزة; Hebrew: נפת עזה) was one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It was situated in the southern Mediterranean coastline of the British Mandate of Palestine. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the district disintegrated, with Israel controlling the northern and eastern portions while Egypt held control of the southern and central parts – which became the Gaza Strip, under Egyptian military between 1948 and 1967, Israeli military rule between 1967 and 2005, part of the Palestinian National Authority (with some aspects of retained Israeli rule until the 2005 withdrawal) after the Oslo Accords until 2007, and is currently ruled by the Hamas as a de facto separate entity from the Palestinian National Authority. The parts which Israel held since 1948 were merged into Israeli administrative districts, their connection with Gaza severed.
Jesu/Eluvium
Jesu/Eluvium is a split LP between Justin Broadrick's Jesu and Matthew Cooper's Eluvium. It was released through Hydra Head Records on July 5, 2007. The album was recorded at Broadrick's own Avalanche Studio. Broadrick and Cooper wrote, recorded and mixed their respective tracks with John Golden mastering all tracks. Broadrick featured the tracks he had produced later on the Jesu release Why Are We Not Perfect?.

Jesu (band)
Jesu (pronounced "yay-zoo")  are a British experimental metal band formed in 2003 by Justin Broadrick following the breakup of his band Godflesh. It shares its name with the last song on Hymns, the final album of Godflesh's initial run. Jesu's sound is heavily layered and textured, incorporating a diverse mix of influences. Broadrick himself has stated that "...it's very loosely speaking pop/rock/metal/electronica ... I'm intentionally writing what I consider to be coherent 'pop' songs".
Thung Thoeng
Thung Thoeng (Thai: ทุ่งเทิง) is a tambon (subdistrict) located in the westernmost region of Det Udom District, in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. In 2021, it had a population of 8,296 people. Neighbouring subdistricts are (clockwise from the south) Na Hom, Tha Khlo, Nong Kung, Khok Sawang, Na Krasaeng, and Nong Om.

Som Sa-at
Som Sa-at (Thai: สมสะอาด) is a tambon (subdistrict) located in the mid-west region of Det Udom District, in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. In 2021, it had a population of 10,882 people. Neighbouring subdistricts are (clockwise from the south) 	Non Sombun, Na Kasem, Nong Om, Na Krasaeng, Na Charoen, and Tha Pho Si.