hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Governorate of Livonia
The Governorate of Livonia, also known as the Livonia Governorate, was a province (guberniya) and one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, Baltic Governorate-General until 1876. Governorate of Livonia bordered Governorate of Estonia to the north, Saint Petersburg and Pskov Governorates to the east, Courland Governorate to the south, and the Gulf of Riga to the west. In 1897, the population of the governorate was 1,299,365, and it had an area of 47,030.87 square kilometres (18,158.72 mi2). The administrative centre of the governorate was the Baltic Sea port of Riga. It roughly corresponded to most of the modern Vidzeme Region of Latvia and southern Estonia.

Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Saint Petersburg. The governorate was composed of 44,613 square kilometres (17,225 mi2) of area and 2,112,033 inhabitants. It was bordered by Estonian and Livonian Governorates to the west, Pskov Governorate to the south, Novgorod Governorate to the east, Olonets Governorate to the northeast, and Vyborg Governorate of the Grand Duchy of Finland to the north. The governorate covered most of the areas of modern Leningrad Oblast and Ida-Viru, Jõgeva, Tartu, Põlva, and Võru counties of Estonia.
David Levering Lewis
David Levering Lewis (born May 25, 1936) is an American historian, a Julius Silver University Professor, and professor emeritus of history at New York University. He is twice winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, for part one and part two of his biography of W. E. B. Du Bois (in 1994 and 2001, respectively). He is the first author to win Pulitzer Prizes for biography for two successive volumes on the same subject.

The author of eight books and editor of two more, Lewis concentrates on comparative history with special focus on twentieth-century United States social history and civil rights. His interests include nineteenth-century Africa, twentieth-century France, and Islamic Spain.

Pulitzer Prize for Biography
The Pulitzer Prize for Biography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. The award honors "a distinguished and appropriately documented biography by an American author." Award winners receive US$15,000.

From 1917 to 2022, this prize was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and was awarded to a distinguished biography, autobiography or memoir by an American author or co-authors, published during the preceding calendar year. It is one of the original Pulitzers. The program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year.
Kürdili
38°59′21″N 49°08′14″E﻿ / ﻿38.98917°N 49.13722°E﻿ / 38.98917; 49.13722

Kürdili (also, Kür Dili, Kurinskaya Kesa, Kurinskaya Kosa, and Kurkosa) is a village in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Mikayıllı. The settlement was founded by a group of people of Russian origin at the beginning of the twentieth century when it was still located on a peninsula. In 1976, it became part of the Gizil-Agach State Reserve. In 1981, as a result of an increase in the level of the Caspian Sea, the villages of Kurkosa and Jarski ended up on an island. The government evacuated the population of Kurkosa and resettled it on the mainland, though some residents chose to stay. The last residents abandoned the village in 2013, except for one person who continued to live there as of 2017. The area of the village still forms part of the Gizil-Agach Reserve, and outsiders require a special permit to access it.

Mikayıllı, Neftchala
Mikayıllı (also, Mikailly and Mikeyly) is a village and municipality in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 618. The municipality consists of the villages of Mikayıllı, Qızqayıtdı, Dalğalı (formerly Prorva), Kürdili, Sahiloba (formerly Saratovka), and Sarıqamış.
Hajong language
Hajong is an Indo-Aryan language with a possible Tibeto-Burman language substratum. It is spoken by approximately 80,000 ethnic Hajongs across the northeast of the Indian subcontinent, specifically in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and West Bengal in present-day India, and the divisions of Mymensingh and Sylhet in present-day Bangladesh. It is written in Bengali-Assamese script and Latin script. It has many Sanskrit loanwords. The Hajongs originally spoke a Tibeto-Burman language, but it later mixed with Assamese and Bengali.

Hajong people
The Hajong people are an ethnic group of Northeast India and northern parts of Bangladesh. The majority of the Hajongs are settled in India and are predominantly rice-farmers. They are said to have brought wet-field cultivation to the Garo Hills, where the Garo people used slash and burn method of agriculture. Hajong have the status of a Scheduled Tribe in India and they are the fourth largest tribal ethnicity in the Indian state of Meghalaya.
Legatiriff Halt railway station
Legatiriff Halt railway station is a disused railway station located near Ballinderry, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Opened in 1936 it was found on the Lisburn-Antrim line which had opened much earlier in 1871. The station was simple with a wooden platform and an old carriage as a waiting room. The station closed in 1960, on the same day as passenger services ended as a whole, although passenger services on the line ran again from 1974 to 2003. The station has since been demolished.

Lisburn–Antrim line
The Lisburn–Antrim line is a 20-mile (32 km) railway line of Northern Ireland Railways. It links Knockmore Junction on the Belfast–Newry line with Antrim on the Belfast–Derry line. It has been closed to passenger services since 2003.
Dongfeng Nissan
Dongfeng Motor Company Limited (abb. DFL), most commonly known in English-language sources as Dongfeng Nissan, is a Chinese automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Wuhan, Hubei. It is a 50–50 joint-venture between Dongfeng Motor Group and Nissan Motors. It produces passenger cars under the Nissan marque and commercial vehicles under the Dongfeng marque.

Dongfeng Motor Group
Dongfeng Motor Group Co., Ltd., doing business as DFG, is a Chinese holding company based in Wuhan, Hubei. Its H shares were listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange.

Dongfeng Motor Group formed several joint ventures with other foreign automobile makers, namely Luxgen, Honda, Renault-Nissan and Stellantis (which was created by the merger of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Groupe PSA). It has also leased several trademarks from the parent company Dongfeng Motor Corporation since 2005.: 41

Dongfeng Motor Group was ranked 550th in 2017 Forbes Global 2000 List. As of 30 April 2018, the market capitalization of its H shares (about 33.15% of total share capital : 166 ) was HK$24.931 billion.
Committee for Non-Violent Action
The Committee for Non-Violent Action (CNVA) was an American anti-war group, formed in 1957 to resist the US government's program of nuclear weapons testing. It was one of the first organizations to employ nonviolent direct action to protest against the nuclear arms race.

The CNVA's immediate antecedent, a committee known as Non-Violent Action Against Nuclear Weapons, was formed by radical Quaker Lawrence Scott. Other leaders of the CNVA included A.J. Muste, Albert Bigelow, Bayard Rustin and George Willoughby.

A. J. Muste
Abraham Johannes Muste (/ˈmʌsti/ MUS-tee; January 8, 1885 – February 11, 1967) was a Dutch-born American clergyman and political activist. He is best remembered for his work in the labor movement, the pacifist movement, the anti-war movement, and the civil rights movement in the United States.
Supermarine Seagull (1948)
The Supermarine Seagull was a British amphibious, military flying boat and the last to be built by the Supermarine company. Design started during the Second World War but it did not fly until three years after the war had ended and the project was cancelled without it being adopted for service.

Rolls-Royce Griffon
The Rolls-Royce Griffon is a British 37-litre (2,240 cu in) capacity, 60-degree V-12, liquid-cooled aero engine designed and built by Rolls-Royce Limited. In keeping with company convention, the Griffon was named after a bird of prey, in this case the griffon vulture.

Design work on the Griffon started in 1938 at the request of the Fleet Air Arm, for use in new aircraft designs such as the Fairey Firefly. In 1939 it was also decided that the engine could be adapted for use in the Spitfire. Development was stopped temporarily to concentrate efforts on the smaller Merlin and the 24-cylinder Vulture; the engine did not go into production until the early 1940s.

The Griffon was the last in the line of V-12 aero engines to be produced by Rolls-Royce with production ceasing in 1955. Griffon engines remain in Royal Air Force service today with the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight.
Electrochemical AFM
Electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM) is a particular type of Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), which combines the classical Atomic force microscopy (AFM) together with electrochemical measurements. EC-AFM allows to perform in-situ AFM measurements in an electrochemical cell, in order to investigate the actual changes in the electrode surface morphology during electrochemical reactions. The solid-liquid interface is thus investigated. 
This technique was developed for the first time in 1996 by Kouzeki et al., who studied amorphous and polycrystalline thin films of Naphthalocyanine on Indium tin oxide  in  a solution of 0.1 M Potassium chloride (KCl). Unlike the Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope, previously developed by Itaya and Tomita in 1988, the tip is non-conductive and it is easily steered in a liquid environment.

Atomic force microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.
Purépecha flag
The Purépecha flag is the official flag of the Purépecha people, an Indigenous nation in Michoacán, Mexico. This flag consists of four fields of four colors with a shield and the words Juchari Uinapekua (Our Strength) below the shield. This flag is unique in its kind and emerged in the town of Santa Fe de la Laguna in 1980. It is a polity flag of Mexico.

Purépecha
The Purépecha (Western Highland Purepecha: P'urhepecha [pʰuˈɽepet͡ʃa]) are a group of Indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of Michoacán, Mexico, mainly in the area of the cities of Cherán and Pátzcuaro.

They are also known by the derogatory term "Tarascan", an exonym, applied by outsiders and not one they use for themselves.

The Purépecha occupied most of Michoacán but also some of the lower valleys of both Guanajuato and Jalisco. Celaya, Acambaro, Cerano, and Yurirapundaro. Now, the Purépecha live mostly in the highlands of central Michoacán, around Lakes Patzcuaro and Cuitzeo.
Al-Jildaki
Ali bin Mahammad Aydamir or ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Jildakī (Egyptian Arabic: عز الدين الجلدكي; Coptic: Ⲉⲍ ⲉⲗⲇⲓⲛ ⲉⲗϫⲗⲇⲕⲓ), also written al-Jaldakī (d. 1342 CE / 743 AH) was an Egyptian alchemist from the 14th century Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. A scientist and author who specialized in chemistry and lived in the eighth century AH. He copied entire paragraphs from the works of Jabir bin Hayyan, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Ibn Arfa` Ras, Abu al-Qasim al-Iraqi, and others, thus serving the history of chemistry in Islam, as he recorded in his works much of what had disappeared from the books of his predecessors. Haji Khalifa, the author of "Kashf al-Zunun", stated that al-Jildakī has 26 books.

Al-Simawi
Abu al-Qasim Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Iraqi al-Simawi (died 1260?) was a Muslim alchemist from Baghdad who performed various experiments and wrote the Kitāb al-ʿIlm al-muktasab fī zirāʿat al-dhahab ("The Book of Acquired Knowledge concerning the Cultivation of Gold"). Al-Jildaki was deeply inspired by his works and wrote various commentaries and references regarding the works of Al-Simawi.
Centrum, Szczecin
Centrum (Centre) is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland,  situated on the left bank of Oder river, in Śródmieście District. It borders Śródmieście-Zachód to the west, Śródmieście-Północ to the north, Stare Miasto to the east, and Nowe Miasto to the south. As of January 2011 it had a population of 21,064.

Śródmieście-Zachód
Śródmieście-Zachód (Polish: [ɕrudˈmjɛɕ.t͡ɕɛ ˈza.xut]; lit. 'Downtown-West') is a municipal neighbourhood in the city of Szczecin, Poland, within the Downtown district. It is a mid-rise housing estate dominated by tenement houses. The neighbourhood has an area of 0.53 km2, and in 2022, was inhabited by 12,114 people. The area was developed in the 19th century, with construction of tenement houses. Within its boundaries are located the Pionier 1907, one of the oldest continuously operated cinemas in the world, dating to 1909, and a portion of a campus of the West Pomeranian University of Technology.
Gourmet Traveller
Australian Gourmet Traveller is a monthly magazine owned by the Australian media company Are Media. It was founded in 1966 as The Australian Gourmet Magazine and changed multiple names before acquiring the current title in 1988. Circulation in 1999 was about 80,000 copies as the magazine re-oriented to cover the local food options. While dominating in Australia in 1990s, its positions have been threatened in the 2000s, as many new titles have appeared (like "Delicious" in 2002) .

Each issue of the magazine includes multiple food and wine articles, reviews of the restaurants, recipes and interviews. Half the space is occupied by the advertisements. There is also a travel section with 3-5 short articles emphasizing food.

Are Media
Are Media is an Australian media company. It was formed after the 2020 purchase of the assets of Bauer Media Australia, which had in turn acquired the assets of Pacific Magazines, AP Magazines and Australian Consolidated Press (ACP) during the 2010s. It is owned by the Sydney investment firm Mercury Capital.
Yakovkin (crater)
Yakovkin is a lunar impact crater that lies very near the southwest limb of the Moon. It is located to the northwest of the crater Pingré, and was designated 
Pingré H before it was named by the IAU. The proximity of this crater to the limb hinders observation from the Earth, and gives it a foreshortened appearance.

The uneven rim of this crater has a polygonal shape, rather than forming a simple circle. The interior floor has been flooded by lava, leaving a relatively small inner wall. The interior floor is nearly featureless, with only a few tiny craterlets marking the surface. The surrounding terrain appears to have been resurfaced, and is marked only by small or shallow craters. The terrain farther to the northeast is considerably more rough and uneven.

This crater lies within the Mendel-Rydberg Basin, a 630 km wide impact basin of Nectarian age.

Pingré (crater)
Pingré is a lunar impact crater that is located near the southwest limb of the Moon, beyond the large crater Phocylides. It lies to the northwest of the huge walled basin Bailly, and to the east of the smaller Graff. Due to its location, this crater appears foreshortened when viewed from the Earth.

The outer rim of this crater has become worn due to minor impacts, leaving the features rounded and irregular. The wall is nearly disintegrated in the southeast, and is overlain by a small crater along the eastern rim. The rim is also low and slumped to the northwest. The interior floor is relatively level, but marked by several small craters, which may be secondaries from Hausen or a more distal crater.  These craters occur near the midpoint of the floor where a central peak may once have existed.

Pingré lies to the southeast of the Mendel-Rydberg Basin, a 630 km wide impact basin of Nectarian age.
Mount Kunyu
Mount Kunyu (Chinese: 崑嵛山) is a group of scenic mountains in Shandong Peninsula, Shandong, China. It is located between the cities of Yantai 50 kilometers to the west and Weihai to the east. The highest point is Taibo Peak, at a height of 923 meters above sea level, with a total area of 1750 square kilometers. It is a regional tourist destination complete with hiking trails, picnic areas, and souvenir shops. The mountains are home to a variety of trees, including cherry, apple and apricot, as well as streams and waterfalls.

The Quanzhen School of Taoism was founded here in the 12th century, after which time it continued to hold historical and religious significance, particularly for Taoist monks and Chinese emperors who believed the site held mystical powers granting immortal life.

The area is also home to the Kunyu Mountain Shaolin Martial Arts Academy which sits at the base of the mountains. The school teaches the practice of Shaolin kung fu.

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.
Stonewall National Monument
Stonewall National Monument is a 7.7-acre (3.1 ha) U.S. national monument in the West Village neighborhood of Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The designated area includes the Stonewall Inn, the 0.19-acre (0.077 ha; 8,300 ft2; 770 m2) Christopher Park, and nearby streets including Christopher Street, the site of the Stonewall riots of June 28, 1969, widely regarded as the start of the modern LGBTQ rights movement in the United States.

Stonewall National Monument is the first U.S. national monument dedicated to LGBTQ rights and history. President Barack Obama designated it as a national monument on June 24, 2016.

West Village
The West Village is a neighborhood in the western section of the larger Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, New York City. The West Village is bounded by the Hudson River to the west and 14th Street to the north. The eastern boundary is variously cited as Greenwich Avenue, Seventh Avenue, or Sixth Avenue, while the southern boundary is either Houston Street or Christopher Street.

The West Village is part of Manhattan Community District 2, and is patrolled by the 6th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Residential property sale prices in West Village are among the most expensive in the United States, typically exceeding US$2,100 per square foot ($23,000/m2) in 2017.
Salt Institute for Documentary Studies
The Salt Institute for Documentary Studies (or simply Salt) is a non-profit graduate institution located in Portland, Maine, dedicated to the study of nonfiction storytelling, particularly documentary film and podcasting. Originally an independent school, since 2016 it has been part of the Maine College of Art. Salt focuses on educating and promoting responsible storytelling in documentary practices. Salt offers accredited semester programs in radio documentary, documentary photography, or non-fiction writing.

Salt alumni have worked on many well-known productions including 99% Invisible, Radiolab, and This American Life. Criminal co-creator Phoebe Judge, novelist Diane Cook, and radio and podcast producer Tina Antolini all attended Salt. The Salt Story Archive, which catalogs the work of Salt students, contains more than 1,300 projects from the school's history.

Maine College of Art & Design
Maine College of Art & Design (MECA&D) is a private art school in Portland, Maine. Founded in 1882, Maine College of Art & Design is the oldest arts educational institution in Maine. Roughly 32% of MECA&D students are from Maine. The College is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education. In August 2021, the institution formerly named Maine College of Art changed its name to Maine College of Art & Design to reflect the school's emphasis on design.
Elagabalus (deity)
Elagabalus (/ˌɛləˈɡæbələs/), Aelagabalus, Heliogabalus (/ˌhiːliəˈɡæbələs/) or simply Elagabal (Aramaic: 𐡀𐡋𐡄𐡀𐡂𐡁𐡋 ʾĕlāhaʾgabāl) was an Arab-Roman sun god, initially venerated in Emesa (modern-day Homs), Syria. Although there were many variations of the name, the god was consistently referred to as Elagabalus in Roman coins and inscriptions from AD 218 on, during the reign of Emperor Elagabalus.

Emesene dynasty
The Emesene (or Emesan) dynasty, also called the Sampsigeramids or the Sampsigerami or the House of Sampsigeramus (Arabic: آل شمسيغرام, romanized: ʾĀl Šamsīġirām), were a Roman client dynasty of Syrian priest-kings known to have ruled by 46 BC from Arethusa and later from Emesa, Syria, until between 72 and 78/79, or at the latest the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius (138–161). Iamblichus, the famous Neoplatonist philosopher of the third century, was one of their descendants, as was empress Julia Domna, matriarch of the Severan dynasty.
Bubur ketan hitam
Bubur ketan hitam, bubur pulut hitam or bubur injun (English: black sticky rice porridge) is an Indonesian sweet dessert made from black glutinous rice porridge with coconut milk and palm sugar or cane sugar. The black glutinous rice are boiled until soft, and sugar and coconut milk are added. It is often described as "black glutinous rice pudding" and is very similar to black rice tong sui made from black rice. It is often served as dessert or snack, for supper, for tea time, any time of the day; however, it is a popular choice for breakfast for those who prefer sweet treats instead of its savory counterpart bubur ayam.

Glutinous rice
Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa; also called sticky rice, sweet rice or waxy rice) is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast Asia and the northeastern regions of South Asia, which has opaque grains and very low amylose content and is especially sticky when cooked. It is widely consumed across Asia.

It is called glutinous (Latin: glūtinōsus) in the sense of being glue-like or sticky, and not in the sense of containing gluten (which, like all rice, it does not). While often called sticky rice, it differs from non-glutinous strains of japonica rice, which also becomes sticky to some degree when cooked. There are numerous cultivars of glutinous rice, which include japonica, indica and tropical japonica strains.
Hennef (Sieg)
Hennef (Sieg) (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛnɛf] ⓘ) is a town in the Rhein-Sieg district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the river Sieg, approx. 7 kilometres (4 miles) south-east of Siegburg and 15 km (9 mi) east of Bonn. Hennef is the fourth-biggest town in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis (i.e. district). It is the site of the 15th-century castle, Schloss Allner, next to the Allner See. Within Hennef is the town of Stadt Blankenberg, with the castle of Blankenberg.

Siegburg
Siegburg (German pronunciation: [ˈziːkbʊʁk] ⓘ; i.e. fort on the Sieg river; Ripuarian: Sieburch) is a city in the district of Rhein-Sieg-Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the banks of the rivers Sieg and Agger, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the former seat of West German government Bonn and 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Cologne.  The population of the city was 39,192 in the 2013 census.