hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Europa Orbiter
The Europa Orbiter  was a planned NASA mission to Jupiter's Moon Europa, that was cancelled in 2002. Its main objectives included determining the presence or absence of a subsurface ocean and identifying candidate sites for future lander missions. Europa Orbiter received pre-project funding in 1998, and resulted from NASA's Fire and Ice project.

Jupiter Europa Orbiter
As a part of the defunct Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace (EJSM-Laplace), the Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO) was a proposed orbiter probe slated for lift-off in 2020 and planned for detailed studies of Jupiter's moons Europa and Io as well as the Jovian magnetosphere. Its main goal would have been to look for evidence of a possible subsurface ocean.

In June 2015, a more economical mission, the Europa Multiple-Flyby Mission, renamed into Europa Clipper, was approved by NASA and entered the formulation stage.
Ajigaura Station
Ajigaura Station (阿字ヶ浦駅, Ajigaura-eki) is a passenger railway station on the Minato Line in the city of Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, Japan, operated by the third-sector railway operator Hitachinaka Seaside Railway.

Hitachinaka, Ibaraki
Hitachinaka (ひたちなか市, Hitachinaka-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 154,663 in 64,900 households and a population density of 1547 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 26.1%. The total area of the city is 99.96 square kilometres (38.59 sq mi). It is a "hiragana city", the place name is written with the hiragana syllabary and not the traditional kanji.
Caraco
A caraco is a style of woman's jacket that was fashionable from the mid-18th to early 19th centuries. Caracos were thigh-length and opened in front, with tight three-quarter or long sleeves. Like gowns of the period, the back of the caraco could be fitted to the waist or could hang in pleats from the shoulder in the style of a sack back. Caracos were generally made of printed linen or cotton.

The caraco emerged as an informal style in France in the 1760s, based on working-class jackets. It was worn with a petticoat and, if open in front, a stomacher or decorative stays. The English caraco was generally closed in front. A similar garment with a wrap front, called in English a bedgown or short gown, was the standard working woman's costume of the later 18th century.

Jacket
A jacket is a garment for the upper body, usually extending below the hips. A jacket typically has sleeves and fastens in the front or slightly on the side. Jackets without sleeves are vests. A jacket is generally lighter, tighter-fitting, and less insulating than a coat, but both are outerwear. Some jackets are fashionable, while some others serve as protective clothing.
Cozumel raccoon
The Cozumel raccoon (Procyon pygmaeus) is a critically endangered species of island raccoon endemic on Cozumel Island off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. It is sometimes also called the pygmy raccoon, dwarf raccoon, Cozumel Island raccoon, and Cozumel raccoon bear.

Mexican raccoon
The Mexican raccoon (Procyon lotor hernandezii), also known as the Mexican Plateau raccoon, Yucatan raccoon, or Campeche raccoon, is a subspecies of the common raccoon native to Mexico and much of Central America. It is the most widespread raccoon subspecies in this region, occupying diverse habitats from tropical lowlands to montane forests.
Polish Aviation Museum
The Polish Aviation Museum (Polish: Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie) is a large museum of historic aircraft and aircraft engines in Kraków, Poland. It is located at the site of the no-longer functional Kraków-Rakowice-Czyżyny Airport.  This airfield, established by Austria-Hungary in 1912, is one of the oldest in the world.  The museum opened in 1964, after the airfield closed in 1963. It was listed among the world's best aviation museums by CNN.

For the first half century of its existence the museum used four hangars of the former airfield to display its exhibits.  These buildings were not originally designed for this purpose and suffered from various inadequacies, notably insufficient heating in winter. The situation improved when a new main building for the museum opened on 18 September 2010.

Sukhoi Su-17
The Sukhoi Su-17 (izdeliye S-32; NATO reporting name: Fitter) is a variable-sweep wing fighter-bomber developed for the Soviet military. Developed from the Sukhoi Su-7, the Su-17 was the first variable-sweep wing aircraft to enter Soviet service and featured updated avionics. The aircraft also has variants which were designed for export such as the Sukhoi Su-22 and the less popular Su-20.

It was produced from 1967 to 1990. The Su-17/20/22 series had a long career and has been operated by many air forces, including those of the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact, countries in the Arab world, Angola and Peru.

Although the Su-17 was capable of carrying nuclear weapons, it was used in roles ranging from close-air support to ground attack.
Pep Comics
Pep Comics is an American comic book anthology series published by the Archie Comics predecessor MLJ Magazines Inc. (commonly known as MLJ Comics) during the 1930s and 1940s period known as the Golden Age of Comic Books. The title continued under the Archie Comics imprint for a total of 411 issues until March 1987.

Pep Comics introduced the superhero character The Shield, the first of the super-patriotic heroes with a costume based on a national flag (predating Captain America by over a year), as well as The Comet. The comic also introduced Archie Andrews, who eventually became the main focus of the company's extensive range of publications.

The Fly (Archie Comics)
The Fly is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Dark Circle Comics, an imprint of Archie Comics. He was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby as part of Archie's "Archie Adventure Series" and later camped up (as Fly Man) as part of the company's Mighty Comics line. He first appeared in The Double Life of Private Strong #1 (June 1959); however, his origin story and first "full-length" appearance were in Adventures of the Fly #1 (Aug. 1959).
Aradan, Iran
Aradan (Persian: آرادان) is a city in the Central District of Aradan County, Semnan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Aradan corresponds with the ancient city of Choara (Khuwar), located in the historical region of Qumis, along the Great Khorasan Road. It is the birthplace of the former President of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

Choara (Parthia)
Choara (Latin; from Ancient Greek: Χόαρα Khóara, from Old Iranian *huṷăra- or *xṷăra-) was a town or village recorded by Greek authors, and was probably the center of the district Choarene. The "Choarene" mentioned by Strabo refers to this town, not the district. It was part of the region Media, until the rise of the Arsacids who incorporated it to Parthia. The Hellenistic city of Apameia was also located in the Choarene district.

This place-name is probably related to Khuwār (Persian: خوار) mentioned by Muslim geographers, located in the Qumis region along the Great Khorasan Road, and the modern district of Khāvar, with its center being Arādān.
Federal Falls
Federal Falls, originally Hay's Cascades, is a curtain ledge waterfall located near the town of Lawson, New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the South Lawson Waterfall Circuit, and is accessed from a 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) track from Adelina Falls. It is the fourth and furthest away falls from Lawson in the whole circuit.

Adelina Falls
Adelina Falls, previously referred to as Livingstone Falls, is a plunge waterfall located near Lawson, New South Wales, Australia, in the South Lawson Park. The falls is located within the South Lawson Waterfall Circuit in the Blue Mountains. The falls can be accessed from the Blue Mountains Rail Line or by car.
François du Pont Duvivier
François du Pont Duvivier was born September 5, 1676, at Sérignac, province of Saintonge, France. He became ensign, and navy captain in Acadia and Île-Royale (present-day Cape Breton Island). He died in Louisbourg on November 1, 1714.

Duvivier was second of ten children.  His parents Hugues Du Pont and Marie Hérauld, of Gourville. Two of his brothers, Michel Du Pont de Renon and Louis Du Pont Duchambon, also served in Acadia and Ile Royale. On January 12, 1705, Duvivier married Marie Mius d’Entremont.

He served in the garrison at Port Royal, the capital of Acadia, during Queen Anne's War, including during the successful defenses of 1707 and the fall of Port Royal in 1710.

They had seven children: François, Joseph-Michel, Joseph, Louis and Michel, all born at Port Royal, and Anne-Marie, born at Sérignac, and Marie-Joseph, born in Louisbourg in 1715, after the death of her father.

François Dupont Duvivier
Captain François Dupont Duvivier (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa dypɔ̃ dyvivje]; 25 April 1705 – 28 May 1776) was an Acadian-born merchant and officer of the French colonial troupes de la marine. He was the wealthiest offer on Ile Royale and led the Raid on Canso and Siege of Annapolis Royal (1744) during King George's War. He received the Order of Saint Louis for his military work in Acadia.
Jimmie Wilson (singer)
Jimmie Wilson (born December 4, 1967) is an American singer and musical theatre actor. He represented San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017, with the song "Spirit of the Night" in a duet with Sammarinese singer Valentina Monetta but failed to qualify for the final.

Valentina Monetta
Valentina Monetta (born 1 March 1975) is a Sammarinese singer. She is best known for representing San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2017. In the 2014 contest, Monetta became the first entrant to qualify for the final for San Marino.
GLP1 poly-agonist peptides
GLP1 poly-agonist peptides are a class of drugs that activate multiple peptide hormone receptors including the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor. These drugs are developed for the same indications as GLP-1 receptor agonists—especially obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. They are expected to provide superior efficacy with fewer adverse effects compared to GLP-1 mono-agonists, which are dose-limited by gastrointestinal disturbances. The effectiveness of multi-receptor agonists could possibly equal or exceed that of bariatric surgery. The first such drug to receive approval is tirzepatide, a dual agonist of GLP-1 and GIP receptors.

GLP-1 receptor agonist
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, also known as GLP-1 agonists, GLP-1RAs, GLP-1 analogs, or incretin mimetics, are a class of medications that activate the GLP-1 receptor, causing reduced blood sugar, reduced appetite, and reduced energy intake. Originally developed to treat type 2 diabetes, some GLP-1 agonists have been approved to treat obesity. They mimic the actions of the endogenous incretin hormone GLP-1, which is released in the small intestine and can inhibit glucagon release and increase insulin secretion.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, and are under study for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and diseases of the reward system, such as addictions.
Phaeton body
A phaeton is a style of open automobile without any fixed weather protection, which was popular from the 1900s until the 1930s. It is an automotive equivalent of the horse-drawn fast, lightweight phaeton carriage.

A popular style in the US from the mid–1920s and continuing into the first half of the 1930s was the dual cowl phaeton, with a cowl separating the rear passengers from the driver and front passenger.

Phaetons fell from favour when closed cars and convertible body styles became widely available during the 1930s. Eventually, the term "phaeton" became so widely and loosely applied that almost any vehicle with two axles and a row or rows of seats across the body could be called a phaeton. Convertibles and pillarless hardtops were sometimes marketed as "phaetons" after actual phaetons were phased out.

Volkswagen Phaeton
The Volkswagen Phaeton ( /ˈfeɪtən/ FAY-tən) (Typ 3D) is a full-size sedan/saloon manufactured by the German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen, described by Volkswagen as their "premium class" vehicle. Introduced at the 2002 Geneva Motor Show, the Phaeton was marketed worldwide. Sales in North America ended in 2006 and global sales ended in 2016.

The name Phaeton derives from Phaëton, the son of Phoebus (or Helios) in Greek mythology, by way of the phaeton auto body style and the type of horse-drawn carriage that preceded it.

Production ended in March 2016 and an all-electric second generation was slated to be produced. Starting in April 2017, the Transparent Factory Dresden began assembling the e-Golf instead.
Hopkins County, Kentucky
Hopkins County is a county located in the western part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,423. Its county seat is Madisonville. Hopkins County was created December 9, 1806, from Henderson County. It was named for General Samuel Hopkins, an officer in both the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, and later a Kentucky legislator and U.S. Congressman.

The Madisonville, Kentucky Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Hopkins County.

The topography ranges from flatlands along the broad river valleys of the Pond River, Tradewater River, and Green River, to hilly and rolling land in the southern and central parts of the county. Coal mines operate in the southern part of Hopkins County and agriculture is a mainstay in the northern part. Major crops are soybeans, corn, and tobacco. Along with coal, resources include oil and natural gas.

Caldwell County, Kentucky
Caldwell County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,649. Its county seat is Princeton. The county was formed in 1809 from Livingston County, Kentucky and named for John Caldwell, who participated in the George Rogers Clark Indian Campaign of 1786 and was the second lieutenant governor of Kentucky. Caldwell was a prohibition or dry county until 2013, when the citizens voted to lift the ban.
Stevens rearrangement
The Stevens rearrangement in organic chemistry is an organic reaction converting quaternary ammonium salts and sulfonium salts to the corresponding amines or sulfides in presence of a strong base in a 1,2-rearrangement.

The reactants can be obtained by alkylation of the corresponding amines and sulfides. The substituent R next the amine methylene bridge is an electron-withdrawing group.

The original 1928 publication by Thomas S. Stevens concerned the reaction of 1-phenyl-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanone with benzyl bromide to the ammonium salt followed by the rearrangement reaction with sodium hydroxide in water to the rearranged amine.

A 1932 publication described the corresponding sulfur reaction.

1,2-rearrangement
A 1,2-rearrangement or 1,2-migration or 1,2-shift or Whitmore 1,2-shift is an organic reaction where a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in a chemical compound. In a 1,2 shift the movement involves two adjacent atoms but moves over larger distances are possible. In the example below the substituent R moves from carbon atom C2 to C3.

The rearrangement is intramolecular and the starting compound and reaction product are structural isomers. The 1,2-rearrangement belongs to a broad class of chemical reactions called rearrangement reactions.

A rearrangement involving a hydrogen atom is called a 1,2-hydride shift.  If the substituent being rearranged is an alkyl group, it is named according to the alkyl group's anion: i.e. 1,2-methanide shift, 1,2-ethanide shift, etc.
Jeremy Dutcher
Jeremy Dutcher is a classically trained Indigenous Canadian tenor, composer, musicologist, performer and activist, who previously lived in Toronto, Ontario and currently lives in Montréal, Québec. He became widely known for his first album Wolastoqiyik Lintuwakonawa, which won the 2018 Polaris Music Prize and the Juno Award for Indigenous Music Album of the Year at the 2019 Juno Awards.

Wolastoqiyik
The Wolastoqiyik (Malecite-Passamaquoddy pronunciation: [wəlastəgʷijik]), also known as the Maliseet or Malecite (English:  /ˈmæləsiːt/), are an Algonquian-speaking First Nation of the Wabanaki Confederacy. They are the Indigenous people of the Wolastoq (Saint John River) valley and its tributaries. Their territory extends across the current borders of New Brunswick and Quebec in Canada, and parts of Maine in the United States.

The Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians, based on the Meduxnekeag River in the Maine portion of their historical homeland, are—since 19 July 1776—the first foreign treaty allies with the United States of America. They are a federally recognized tribe of Wolastoqey people. Today Wolastoqey people have also migrated to other parts of the world. The Wolastoqiyik have occupied areas of forest, river and coastal areas within their 20,000,000-acre, 200-mile-wide, and 600-mile-long homeland in the Saint John River watershed.
Casino Post Office
Casino Post Office is a heritage-listed post office at 102 Barker Street, Casino, in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by the NSW Colonial Architect's Office and built from 1879. The property is owned by Australia Post.

Casino, New South Wales
Casino (Bundjalungic: Djanangmum) is a town in the Northern Rivers area of New South Wales, Australia, with a population of 12,298 people at the 2021 census. It lies on the banks of the Richmond River and is situated at the junction of the Bruxner Highway and the Summerland Way.

It is located 726 km (451 mi) north of Sydney and 228 km (142 mi) south of Brisbane.
Dolaucothi Gold Mines
The Dolaucothi Gold Mines (pronounced [ˌdɔlaiˈkɔθɪ]; Welsh: Mwynfeydd Aur Dolaucothi) (grid reference SN662403), also known as the Ogofau Gold Mine, are ancient Roman surface and underground mines located in the valley of the River Cothi, near Pumsaint, Carmarthenshire, Wales. The gold mines are located within the Dolaucothi Estate, which is owned by the National Trust.

They are the only mines for Welsh gold outside those of the Dolgellau gold-belt, and are a Scheduled Ancient Monument. They are also the only known Roman gold mines in Britain, although it does not exclude the likelihood that they exploited other known sources in Devon in South West England, north Wales, Scotland and elsewhere. The site is important for showing advanced Roman technology.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Blue World Order
The Blue World Order (bWo) was a stable of professional wrestlers formed at Extreme Championship Wrestling's November to Remember 1996 event. The stable lasted until August 1998 and was revived briefly in World Wrestling Entertainment during the summer of 2005. From 2008 through 2017, the group made several appearances at various local independent events and in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as bW 2.0.

Mike Bucci
Michael Bucci (born June 5, 1972) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his tenures in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) as Nova, Super Nova, and "Hollywood" Nova and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) as Simon Dean.
HTML element
An HTML element is a type of HTML (HyperText Markup Language) document component, one of several types of HTML nodes (some common node types include document, document fragment and attribute nodes). The first used version of HTML was written by Tim Berners-Lee in 1993 and there have since been many versions of HTML. The current de facto standard is governed by the industry group WHATWG and is known as the HTML Living Standard.

An HTML document is composed of a tree of simple HTML nodes, such as text nodes, and HTML elements, which add semantics and formatting to parts of a document (e.g., make text bold, organize it into paragraphs, lists and tables, or embed hyperlinks and images). Each element can have HTML attributes specified. Elements can also have content, including other elements and text.

XHTML
Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) is part of the family of XML markup languages which mirrors or extends versions of the widely used HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the language in which Web pages are formulated.

While HTML, prior to HTML5, was defined as an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a flexible markup language framework, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML. XHTML documents are well-formed and may therefore be parsed using standard XML parsers, unlike HTML, which requires a lenient, HTML-specific parser.

XHTML 1.0 became a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation on 26 January 2000. XHTML 1.1 became a W3C recommendation on 31 May 2001. XHTML is now referred to as "the XML syntax for HTML" and being developed as an XML adaptation of the HTML living standard.
Adoptive cell transfer
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is the transfer of cells into a patient. The cells may have originated from the patient or from another individual. The cells are most commonly derived from the immune system with the goal of improving immune functionality and characteristics. In autologous cancer immunotherapy, T cells are extracted from the patient, genetically modified and cultured in vitro and returned to the same patient. Comparatively, allogeneic therapies involve cells isolated and expanded from a donor separate from the patient receiving the cells.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are white blood cells that have left the bloodstream and migrated towards a tumor. They include T cells and B cells and are part of the larger category of 'tumor-infiltrating immune cells' which consist of both mononuclear and polymorphonuclear immune cells, (i.e., T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, etc.) in variable proportions. Their abundance varies with tumor type and stage and in some cases relates to disease prognosis.

TILs can often be found in the tumor stroma and within the tumor itself. Their functions can dynamically change throughout tumor progression and in response to anticancer therapy

TILs are implicated in killing tumor cells. The presence of lymphocytes in tumors is often associated with better clinical outcomes (after surgery or immunotherapy).