hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
L-semi-inner product
In mathematics, there are two different notions of semi-inner-product. The first, and more common, is that of an inner product which is not required to be strictly positive. This article will deal with the second, called a L-semi-inner product or semi-inner product in the sense of Lumer, which is an inner product not required to be conjugate symmetric. It was formulated by Günter Lumer,  for the purpose of extending Hilbert space type arguments to Banach spaces in functional analysis. Fundamental properties were later explored by Giles.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
Christine de Pizan
Christine de Pizan or Pisan (French: [kʁistin də pizɑ̃] ⓘ, Middle French: [krisˈtinə də piˈzã]; born Cristina da Pizzano; September 1364 – c. 1430), was an Italian-born French court writer for King Charles VI of France and several French royal dukes, in both prose and poetry.

Christine de Pizan served as a court writer in medieval France after the death of her husband. Christine's patrons included dukes Louis I of Orleans, Philip the Bold of Burgundy, and his son John the Fearless. Considered to be some of the earliest feminist writings, her work includes novels, poetry, and biography, and she also penned literary, historical, philosophical, political, and religious reviews and analyses. Her best known works are The Book of the City of Ladies and The Treasure of the City of Ladies, both prose works written when she worked for John the Fearless of Burgundy. Her books of advice to princesses, princes, and knights remained in print until the 16th century.

The Tale of Joan of Arc
Le Ditie de Jehanne d'Arc ("The Tale of Joan of Arc", sometimes called "The Song of Joan of Arc") is a patriotic lyrical verse, and the last work of the medieval French poet Christine de Pizan, who lived from 1364 to about 1430 AD. Earlier in her career Pizan wrote many texts including The Book of the City of Ladies which included tales about famous women in history. Christine de Pizan was a professional poet in the court of King Charles VI of France. In her last work "The Tale of Joan of Arc" Pizan writes 61 verses about Joan of Arc, who led the French army to reclaim territory being held by the English. It was written before Joan lost in battle and was taken as a prisoner and right before the death of Christine de Pizan herself.
Diestramima
Diestramima is a genus of camel crickets in the subfamily Aemodogryllinae and tribe Diestramimini.  Species can be found in: India, southern China and Indo-China.

Note: this genus should not be confused with the similarly-named Diestrammena which belongs to the tribe Aemodogryllini.

Rhaphidophoridae
The orthopteran family Rhaphidophoridae of the suborder Ensifera has a worldwide distribution. Common names for these insects include cave crickets, camel crickets, spider crickets (sometimes shortened to "criders" or "sprickets"), and sand treaders. Those occurring in New Zealand are typically referred to as jumping or cave wētā. Most are found in forest environments or within caves, animal burrows, cellars, under stones, or in wood or  similar environments. All species are flightless and nocturnal, usually with long antennae and legs. More than 500 species of Rhaphidophoridae are described.

The well-known field crickets are from a different superfamily (Grylloidea) and only look vaguely similar, while members of the family Tettigoniidae may look superficially similar in body form.
John Hurley (New South Wales politician, born 1844)
John Hurley (2 June 1844 – 10 December 1911) was a politician in colonial Australia, a member at different times of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

Harley was born in Sydney, the son of Farrell Hurley and Catherine (née Critchley)

Hurley was member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Central Cumberland 22 February 1872 to 28 November 1874; for Hartley 21 April 1876 to 9 November 1880, 12 February 1887 to 6 June 1891 and 3 July 1901 to 19 August 1907. He did not hold caucus, parliamentary or ministerial office.

Hurley was also member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Maryborough 17 August 1883 to 8 July 1884.

His brother William was also a member of the NSW parliament, as member for Macquarie (1895–1904) and the Legislative Council (1904–1924).

Hurley died on 10 December 1911(1911-12-10) (aged 67).

William Hurley (Australian politician)
William Fergus Hurley (2 July 1848 – 28 March 1924) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Sydney to Farrell and Catherine Hurley; his father was a clerk. He worked as a mine manager before entering politics, notably managing the Sunny Corner mine near Bathurst, which pioneered water jacket smelting furnaces in New South Wales. In 1880 he married Lillian Pritchard, with whom he had four children. In 1895 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Protectionist member for Macquarie. He served until 1904, when the size of the Assembly was reduced and he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council. Hurley remained in the upper house until his death at Burwood in 1924.

His brother John was also a member of the NSW parliament, as member for Central Cumberland (1872-1874) and  Hartley (1876-1880), (1887-1891) and (1901-1907).
Phloen Chit Road
Phloen Chit Road (Thai: ถนนเพลินจิต, also spelled Ploenchit, pronounced [pʰlɤ̄ːn.tɕìt]) is a major road in central Bangkok. Located entirely within Lumphini Subdistrict of Pathum Wan District, it runs a short distance of 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) between Ratchaprasong Intersection and the Maenam railway branch line, forming a continuation of the westward Rama I Road and then itself continuing on to the east as Sukhumvit Road. It serves the neighbourhoods of Ratchaprasong, Chit Lom Intersection (where it intersects Chit Lom and Lang Suan Roads) and Phloen Chit Intersection (where it intersects Witthayu Road), which are home to major shopping malls, hotels and office towers. The areas are served by the Chit Lom and Phloen Chit Stations of the BTS skytrain, whose Sukhumvit Line runs above Phloen Chit Road.

Sukhumvit Road
Sukhumvit Road (Thai: ถนนสุขุมวิท, RTGS: Thanon Sukhumwit, pronounced [tʰā.nǒn sùʔ.kʰǔm.wít]), or Highway 3 (Thai: ทางหลวงแผ่นดินหมายเลข 3), is a major road in Thailand, and a major surface road of Bangkok and other cities.  It follows a coastal route from Bangkok to Khlong Yai District, Trat border to Koh Kong, Cambodia. It is one of the four major highways of Thailand, along with Phahonyothin Road (Highway 1), Mittraphap Road (Highway 2) and Phetkasem Road (Highway 4).

Sukhumvit Road is named after the fifth chief of the Department of Highways, Phra Bisal Sukhumvit. The road was opened in 1936.
Ulcinj Municipality
Ulcinj Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Ulcinj / Општина Улцињ, Albanian: Komuna e Ulqinit) is the southernmost municipality of Montenegro, bordered by Albania to the east, Bar Municipality to the north and Adriatic Sea to the south and the west. It has an area of 255 km², and a population of 19,921 as of the 2011 census. Its seat is the town of Ulcinj.

Mala Plaža
Mala Plaža (Albanian: Plazhi i Vogël, lit. 'Small Beach') also called City Beach (Albanian: Plazhi i Qytetit; Serbian: Gradska Plaža) is a beach in Ulcinj Municipality, Montenegro.

It is located between Ulcinj Castle and Jadran Peninsula. It is the main city beach.
Champsodon nudivittis
Champsodon nudivittis, also known as the nakedband gaper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a crocodile toothfish belonging to the family Champsodontidae. It occurs in the Indo-West Pacific from Madagascar, Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia. It was recorded in 2008 in Iskenderun Bay on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, likely introduced by ballast water. It is now commonly found from Greece to Israel in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

Champsodon
Champsodon is the sole genus in the family Champsodontidae.  These fishes, the crocodile toothfishes, are native to the Indo-Pacific region.

Although Champsodon is the only extant genus of this family, a close relative is known in the extinct †Eochampsodon Bannikov, 2004 from the Middle Eocene (Bartonian) of the North Caucasus, Russia.
Waiākea-Uka
Waiākea-Uka (IPA:/'waj.ə.kei.ə.'u.kə/) is an ancient subdivision (ahupuaʻa) in the Hilo District of the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, located mauka (mountain-side) of the Waiākea ahupua'a; its location is on the lower flanks of the volcano Mauna Loa. Because of this, one meaning of the name 'Waiākea-Uka' can be translated from 'Olelo Hawai'i as '(the) mountain-side (of) Waiākea'. Many ahupua'a have this -uka appellation, as the directions 'mountain-side' and 'sea-side' (makai) are the two best ways of orienting something in space on any of the islands.

Waiākea, Hawaii
19°40′32″N 155°6′10″W﻿ / ﻿19.67556°N 155.10278°W﻿ / 19.67556; -155.10278
Waiākea is an ancient subdivision (ahupuaʻa) in the Hilo District of the Big Island of Hawaiʻi and an early settlement on Hilo Bay.
Airtel Bangladesh
Airtel, stylized as airtel (Bengali: এয়ারটেল) is a telecom sub-brand of Robi Axiata in Bangladesh, which was managed by Bharti Airtel under the banner, 'Airtel Bangladesh Limited' until November 2016. In November 2016, Airtel merged its operations with Robi Axiata Limited. Following the merger, Airtel remained as a  product brand of Robi Axiata Ltd. in Bangladesh. Since then, Robi Axiata is the brand licensing holder for Airtel brand in Bangladesh. Previously Airtel Bangladesh acquired Warid Bangladesh in 2010. After the merge, Robi Axiata marketed Airtel as "the #1 network of friends" targeting the youth.

Bharti Airtel
Bharti Airtel is an Indian multinational telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi. It operates in 18 countries across Indian Subcontinent, Africa, and the Channel Islands. In India, the company provides mobile telephony services using 5G, 4G, and LTE Advanced technologies, along with fixed-line broadband and voice services, while the range of services varies by country of operation.

Airtel is the second-largest mobile network operator in India and one of the largest mobile network operators globally by subscriber base. It has also deployed Voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology across telecom circles in India to support voice calls over 4G networks.
Environment Agency Wales
Environment Agency Wales (Welsh: Asiantaeth yr Amgylchedd Cymru) was a Welsh Government sponsored body that was part of the Environment Agency of England and Wales from 1996 to 2013. Its principal aims were to protect and improve the environment in Wales and to promote sustainable development. On 1 April 2013 the organisation was merged with the Countryside Council for Wales and Forestry Commission Wales into a single environmental body, Natural Resources Wales.

It had an operational area defined along its Eastern boundary by the catchments of the River Dee and the River Wye. Those parts of the River Severn in Wales were managed by the Environment Agency whilst those parts of the River Dee and River Wye catchments that are in England were nevertheless managed by Environment Agency Wales. The agency also had a public facing boundary which corresponded to the political boundary of Wales.

Environment Agency
The Environment Agency (EA) is a non-departmental public body, established in 1996 and sponsored by the United Kingdom government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England (and until 2013 also Wales).

Based in Bristol, the Environment Agency is responsible for flood management, waste management, regulating land and water pollution, and conservation.
Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology
Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology (KNIT Sultanpur) is a state government, autonomous engineering institution located in Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (formerly known as Uttar Pradesh Technical University). It has been ranked amongst the top engineering institutes under AKTU.

Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Sultanpur is a city situated in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh on the banks of the Gomti, which Hindus consider a holy river. The city is the administrative headquarters of Sultanpur district and is a part of Ayodhya division in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated 135 kilometers east of state capital Lucknow.
2022 Albanian Supercup
The 2022 Albanian Supercup was the 29th edition of the Albanian Supercup, an annual Albanian football match. The teams were decided by taking the trophy winners of the previous season's Kategoria Superiore champions and the winners of the Albanian Cup.

The match was contested by Tirana, champions of the 2021–22 Kategoria Superiore, and Vllaznia, the 2021–22 Albanian Cup winners.

Albanian Supercup
The Albanian Supercup (Albanian: Superkupa e Shqipërisë) is an annually held match between the champions of the Kategoria Superiore and the Albanian Cup winners, or, if the same team won both trophies, the Cup's runners-up.

Prior to 2000, the Supercup final was not played if the champion team had won the Double. However, after 2000, the Albanian Football Federation changed the rule, and the final has since been played against the Cup runners-up in such a scenario.

There have been 30 finals played in total. Tirana are the most successful team, having won the trophy 12 times.
Holbrook Superconductor Project
The Holbrook Superconductor Project is the world's first production superconducting transmission power cable.  The lines were commissioned in 2008. The suburban Long Island electrical substation is fed by a 2,000-foot (610 m) tunnel containing approximately 509,000 feet (155,000 m) of high-temperature superconductor wire manufactured by American Superconductor, installed underground and chilled to superconducting temperature with liquid nitrogen.

American Superconductor
American Superconductor Corporation (AMSC) is an American energy technologies company headquartered in Ayer, Massachusetts. The firm specializes in using superconductors for the development of diverse power systems, including but not limited to superconducting wire. The company operates across three primary business segments: production of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) wire, which has a significantly higher electrical current capacity than copper wire; development of HTS-based motors and generators; and design and manufacturing of power electronic systems for wind farms and transmission systems. AMSC employs superconductors in the construction of ship protection systems. The company has a subsidiary, AMSC Windtec, located in Klagenfurt, Austria.
Tower Hotel (Niagara Falls)
The Tower Hotel, opened in 1962, is located in the Fallsview district of Niagara Falls, Ontario and was the first of the contemporary observation towers built near the brink of the Falls. It features an indoor observation deck, restaurant,  and hotel. The tower is 99 metres (325 feet) tall above street level and 160 metres (520 feet) above the falls. The tower assumed its present name in 2010 as a result of its most recent renovation; as Minolta was the longest-tenured sponsor of the building, tourists and locals may still call it the Minolta Tower.

Fallsview Tourist Area
The Fallsview Tourist Area in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada is one of the main tourist areas surrounding the Falls.

The neighborhood is centered around Fallsview Boulevard.  It is directly south of the Clifton Hill neighborhood, and is roughly bounded to the north by Market Street, to the east by the beginning of the slope down to the Niagara Gorge, on the south by Marineland Parkway, and to the west by railroad tracks.

In recent years, it has become the home many of the hotels in the city, such as: the Niagara Falls Hilton, Niagara Falls Marriott Gateway, and the recently opened Comfort Inn Fallsview. Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort is also located near the centre of this area. It is also the location of the Skylon Tower and Minolta Tower.

The area is linked to the Table Rock Center and Journey Behind the Falls, on the Niagara Parkway just above the falls, by the Falls Incline Railway.
Stock Generation
Stock Generation (SG) was a Ponzi scheme operated by SG Ltd. that operated on the Internet from 1998 to early 2000. Stock Generation allowed people to trade "virtual companies" using real money and promised unsustainably high returns on investment.

MMM (Ponzi scheme company)
МММ was a Russian company that perpetrated one of the world's largest Ponzi schemes of all time, in the 1990s. By different estimates, between 5 and 10 million people lost their savings. According to contemporary Western press reports, most investors were aware of the fraudulent nature of the scheme, but still hoped to profit from it by withdrawing money before it collapsed.

In 2011, MMM re-opened as "MMM Global".
Creuddyn, Ceredigion
Creuddyn was a medieval commote (cwmwd) and, later, a lordship in Ceredigion, Wales. It was located between the rivers Ystwyth and Rheidol, and was one of the three commotes of Cantref Penweddig. The name, of Old Welsh origin, probably refers to the Pen Dinas hill fort, anciently known as Dinas Maelor. The natural centre of the commote was Llanfihangel y Creuddyn where five roads meet at the village. The name survives in the name of a rural community and church of the same name; however the modern community is much smaller than the medieval commote.

Penweddig
Penweddig was a medieval cantref – a Welsh land division – of the kingdom of Ceredigion and later of the kingdom of Deheubarth) which is now in the county of Ceredigion, Wales. The community secondary school Ysgol Gyfun Gymunedol Penweddig is named after the cantref.
Kvitvatnet
Kvitvatnet is a lake that lies in Sørfold Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the southeastern part of the municipality, about 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of the village of Straumen. The lake lies on the north side of the Blåmannsisen glacier, just south of the Rago National Park, and just west of the border with Sweden.

Sørfold Municipality
Sørfold (Norwegian) or Fuolldá (Lule Sami) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the  traditional district of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Straumen. Other villages in the municipality include Leirfjordgården, Mørsvikbotn, Røsvika, Rørstad, Styrkesvik, and Øvre Kvarv. The municipality surrounds the Sørfolda fjord and stretches east to the border with Sweden.

The 1,637-square-kilometre (632 sq mi) municipality is the 48th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Sørfold is the 290th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,858. The municipality's population density is 1.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.8/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Prison Architect
Prison Architect is a private prison construction and management simulation video game developed and published by Introversion Software. It was made available as a crowdfunded paid alpha pre-order on September 25, 2012 with updates that were scheduled every three to four weeks until 2023. With over 2,000,000 copies sold, Prison Architect made over US$10.7 million in pre-order sales for the alpha version. Prison Architect was an entrant in the 2012 Independent Games Festival. The game was available on Steam's Early Access program, and was officially released on October 6, 2015.

In 2019, Paradox Interactive acquired the rights to Prison Architect for an undisclosed sum. A sequel, Prison Architect 2, is currently under development.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Desudava Glacier
Desudava Glacier (64°26′50″S 60°10′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.44722°S 60.16667°W﻿ / -64.44722; -60.16667﻿ (Desudava Glacier)) is the 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi) long and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) wide glacier on Nordenskjöld Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica situated south of Dinsmoor Glacier and east-northeast of Boryana Glacier.

Odrin Bay
Odrin Bay (64°34′40″S 60°20′30″W﻿ / ﻿64.57778°S 60.34167°W﻿ / -64.57778; -60.34167﻿ (Odrin Bay)) is a 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) wide bay indenting for 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) along the Nordenskjöld Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.
It is entered southwest of Fothergill Point and northeast of Spoluka Point.
Raymond L. Wise
Raymond L. Wise was a 20th-century attorney and member of the board of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).  He served as attorney for William Perl, a friend of Julius Rosenberg and thus part of the Rosenberg Case on Soviet atomic espionage.

Mundt–Nixon Bill
The Mundt–Nixon Bill, named after Karl Mundt and Richard Nixon, formally the Subversive Activities Control Act, was a proposed law in 1948 that would have required all members of the Communist Party of the United States register with the Attorney General.
The Fox and the Geese
"The Fox and the Geese" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimm's Fairy Tales as tale number 86.

It is Aarne-Thompson type 227, The Geese's Eternal Prayer.

It was missing from the first printed editions of the 1812 edition. The text of the story was added to the 1815 Volume II of the KHM as Pg 387 at the end of the book as part of the corrections to the 1812 Vol I.

Grimms' Fairy Tales
Grimms' Fairy Tales (German: Grimms Märchen), originally known as the Children's and Household Tales (German: Kinder- und Hausmärchen, pronounced [ˌkɪndɐ ʔʊnt ˈhaʊsmɛːɐ̯çən], commonly abbreviated as KHM), is a German collection of fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, first published on 20 December 1812. Vol. 1 of the first edition contained 86 stories, which were followed by 70 more tales, numbered consecutively, in the 1st edition, Vol. 2, in 1815. By the seventh edition in 1857, the corpus of tales had expanded to 200 tales and 10 "Children's Legends". It is considered the seminal work of Western children's literature and is listed by UNESCO in its Memory of the World Register.