hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nurhaci
Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name Emperor Taizu of Qing, was the founding khan of the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty.

As leader of the Aisin-Gioro clan, Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu"), consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched attacks on both the Ming and Joseon dynasties. His conquest of the Ming dynasty's northeastern Liaodong region laid the groundwork for the Qing conquest of the Ming by his descendants, who proclaimed the Qing dynasty in 1636. He is also generally credited with ordering the creation of a new written script for the Manchu language based on the Mongolian vertical script.

Jianzhou Jurchens
The Jianzhou Jurchens (Chinese: 建州女真) were one of the three major groups of Jurchens as identified by the Ming dynasty. Although the geographic location of the Jianzhou Jurchens changed throughout history, during the 14th century they were located south of the Wild Jurchens and the Haixi Jurchens, and inhabited modern-day Liaoning and Jilin provinces in China. The Jianzhou Jurchens were known to possess an abundant supply of natural resources. They also possessed industrial secrets, particularly in processing ginseng and the dyeing of cloth. They were powerful due to their proximity to Ming trading towns such as Fushun, Kaiyuan, and Tieling in Liaodong, and to Manpojin camp near Korea.
2023 Guangzhou Open
The 2023 Guangzhou Open (also known as the Galaxy Holding Group Guangzhou Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 17th edition of the Guangzhou Open (the first since 2019), and part of the WTA 250 tournaments of the 2023 WTA Tour. It took place at the Nansha International Tennis Center in Guangzhou, China, from 18 September through 23 September, 2023. Unseeded Wang Xiyu won the singles title.

2023 WTA Tour
The 2023 WTA Tour (branded as the 2023 Hologic WTA Tour for sponsorship reasons) was the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2023 tennis season. The 2023 WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the 2023 WTA Finals and the WTA Elite Trophy), and the team events United Cup (combined event with ATP) and Hopman Cup (sanctioned by the ITF). 2023 also marked the return of the WTA to China, after strict COVID-19 protocols in the country and the disappearance of former tennis player Peng Shuai.
Flag of Algeria
The national flag of Algeria consists of two equal vertical bars, green and white, charged in the center with a red star and crescent, a symbol of Islam as the nation's prominent faith. The flag was adopted on 3 July 1962. A similar version was used by the Algerian government in exile from 1958 to 1962. The Western blazon is per pale vert and argent; a crescent and star gules.

Civil ensign
A civil ensign is an ensign (maritime flag) used by civilian vessels to denote their nationality. It can be the same or different from the state ensign and the naval ensign (or war ensign). It is also known as the merchant ensign or merchant flag. Some countries have special civil ensigns for yachts, and even for specific yacht clubs, known as yacht ensigns.

Most countries have only one national flag and ensign for all purposes. In other countries, a distinction is made between the land flag and the civil, state and naval ensigns. The British ensigns, for example, differ from the flag used on land (the Union Flag) and have different versions of plain and defaced Red and Blue ensigns for civilian and state use, as well as the naval ensign (White Ensign) that can also be used by yachts of the Royal Yacht Squadron.
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (son of Mucia)
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus was the son of Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (Praetor 56 BC) and Mucia Tertia, former wife of Pompey the Great. Sextus Pompey was his half-brother.

He accompanied Sextus to Asia after the defeat of his fleet in Sicily by Octavian's general Marcus Agrippa. In 35 BC, he betrayed his brother to Marcus Antonius's generals.

After the Battle of Actium, Aemilius fell into the hands of Octavian but was able to escape death thanks to the intercession of his mother, Mucia.

Marcus Aemilius had a son, Mamercus, who distinguished himself as a poet and orator.

Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC)
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (born c. 92 BC; fl. until 52 BC) was a Roman politician of the 1st century BC and son of Marcus Aemilius Scaurus and Caecilia Metella.

Initially a supporter of Pompey, Scaurus fought under his command during the Third Mithridatic War, and later governed Syria. Ascending the cursus honorum, he threw magnificent games while curule aedile and later served as praetor. Receiving as his province Sardinia, he was charged with extortion on his return to Rome but was successfully defended by many eminent senators. His bid for the consulship of 53 BC was unsuccessful; in 52 BC he was convicted of bribery during those elections and went into exile. His fall was perhaps due to his marriage with Mucia, a former wife of Pompey, with whom he fell out of favour as a result.
Friction disk shock absorber
Friction disc shock absorbers or André Hartford dampers were an early form of shock absorber or damper used for car suspension. They were commonly used in the 1930s but were considered obsolete post-war.

Compared to modern shock absorbers friction dampers only provided limited shock absorption but served mainly to damp down oscillation.

Shock absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction).
Gordon (district)
Gordon was one of five local government districts in the Grampian region of Scotland. The council was based in Inverurie. It was created in 1975 and abolished in 1996, when the area was included in the Aberdeenshire council area.

Aberdeenshire (historic)
Aberdeenshire or the County of Aberdeen (Scots: Coontie o Aiberdeen, Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) is a historic county in Scotland. The county gives its name to the modern Aberdeenshire council area, which covers a larger area than the historic county. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975, but its boundaries are still used for certain functions, being a registration county. The area of the historic county excluding the Aberdeen City council area is also a lieutenancy area.

The area is generally hilly. The south-west of the county includes part of the Grampian Mountains. The historic county borders Kincardineshire, Angus and Perthshire to the south, Inverness-shire and Banffshire to the west, and the North Sea to the north and east.
Piranha Games
Piranha Games Inc. is a Canadian video game developer based in Burnaby, British Columbia. The company was founded by Russ Bullock, President and Executive Producer, and Bryan Ekman, VP and Creative Director. Piranha Games is one of the oldest game developers in the Greater Vancouver area and was housed in the International Village Mall in the Chinatown area until their relocation to their current Burnaby headquarters. On November 25, 2020, Piranha Games entered into an agreement to be acquired by Enad Global 7.

CTU: Marine Sharpshooter
CTU: Marine Sharpshooter is a first-person shooter video game developed by Jarhead Games and published by Groove Games, released March 20, 2003. Ports for PlayStation 2 and Xbox were planned but cancelled. A sequel, Marine Sharpshooter II: Jungle Warfare, was released in 2004.

It was published on iOS by Groove Games, and was acquired by XMG Studio on March 22, 2010. On iOS, the game hit number one in multiple countries, and has been downloaded over a million times.
Ip.access
ip.access Limited is a multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and markets small cells (picocell and femtocell) technologies and infrastructure equipment for GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, 4G and 5G. The company was acquired by Mavenir in September 2020.

The company’s headquarters is based in Cambourne, England. The company also maintains offices in Gurgaon and Pune, India.

ip.access combines IP and cellular technologies to provide 2G, 3G and LTE coverage and for mobile networks. Using satellite backhaul, its products provide coverage to commercial passenger aircraft, ships, and users in remote rural areas.

The firm is a member of 3GPP, CBRS Alliance, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Having previously been an individual member of the Telecom Infra Project, following its acquisition, ip.access continues to be involved through Mavenir's membership.

Picocell
A picocell is a small cellular base station typically covering a small area, such as in-building (offices, shopping malls, train stations, stock exchanges, etc.), or more recently in-aircraft. In cellular networks, picocells are typically used to extend coverage to indoor areas where outdoor signals do not reach well, or to add network capacity in areas with very dense phone usage, such as train stations or stadiums. Picocells provide coverage and capacity in areas difficult or expensive to reach using the more traditional macrocell approach.
Scourge (album)
Scourge is the fourth studio album by British thrash metal band Xentrix. It was released in 1996 through Heavy Metal Records. It is the only album to feature vocalist Simon Gordon and guitarist Andy Rudd, and their final one with bassist Paul "Macka" MacKenzie. The album goes into a more groove metal style that was very popular at the time. It was Xentrix's final studio album for more than two decades, until the release of Bury the Pain in 2019.

Bury the Pain
Bury the Pain is the fifth studio album by British thrash metal band Xentrix, released on 7 June 2019 in Europe and 21 June 2019 in North America, 25 years after their previous album Scourge. A music video was produced for the albums title track, "Bury the Pain". It marks the first album with new guitarist/vocalist Jay Walsh, replacing their previous member Chris Astley. In a post on the band's official Facebook page, they stated that by the end of 2015, Astley had no longer wanted to be a part of Xentrix and had left the band. To promote their return, they released a single for the track "Bleeding Out" on streaming services.
Kim M. Robak
Kim M. Robak (born October 4, 1955) is an American lawyer, lobbyist, and retired politician from Nebraska. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Robak was appointed the 35th lieutenant governor of Nebraska by Governor Ben Nelson, following the resignation of incumbent Maxine B. Moul in 1993. She was elected to a full term in 1994, ultimately serving from October 1993 to January 1999. Previously, she served as Chief of Staff to Governor Nelson (1991–1992) and Legal Counsel to Governors Ben Nelson, Kay Orr, and Bob Kerrey.

She is currently a senior partner in Mueller Robak, LLC. Previously, she was the vice president of external affairs and corporation secretary for the University of Nebraska–Lincoln (1999–2004). She also serves on the board of directors for the Ameritas Mutual Holding Company and Ameritas Life Insurance Corp.

Her mother was Jennie Robak, who served in the Nebraska Legislature.

Jennie Robak
Genevieve "Jennie" Hayek Robak (May 4, 1932 – January 3, 2014) was an American politician who was a member of the unicameral Nebraska Legislature.

Robak was born in Surprise, Nebraska and graduated from Ulysses High School. After her marriage, she moved to Lincoln, Nebraska and then to Columbus, Nebraska, where her husband practiced law. A Democrat, Robak served in the non-partisan Nebraska Legislature from 1989 until 2003. She was killed in an auto accident in Lincoln, Nebraska. One of her children, Kim M. Robak, was the Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska.
Sean O'Donnell
Sean O'Donnell (born October 13, 1971) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. Drafted 123rd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1991 NHL entry draft, O'Donnell has played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild, New Jersey Devils, Boston Bruins, Phoenix Coyotes, Anaheim Ducks, Philadelphia Flyers and Chicago Blackhawks. He won the Stanley Cup as a member of the Ducks in 2007.

Joël Perrault
Joël Perrault (born April 6, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played a total of 96 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) throughout his playing career, which lasted from 2003 to 2016.
Chamaecyparis taiwanensis
Chamaecyparis taiwanensis (Taiwan cypress; simplified Chinese: 台湾扁柏; traditional Chinese: 臺灣扁柏; pinyin: tái wān biǎn bǎi) is a species of cypress, native to the mountains of Taiwan, where it grows at altitudes of 1300–2800 m.

Chamaecyparis
Chamaecyparis, common names cypress or false cypress (to distinguish it from related cypresses), is a genus of conifers in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to eastern Asia (Japan and Taiwan) and to the western and eastern margins of the United States. The name is derived from the Greek khamai (χαμαί), meaning "on the earth", and kuparissos (κυπάρισσος) for "cypress".

They are medium-sized to large evergreen trees growing from 20–70 m (66–230 ft) tall, with foliage in flat sprays. The leaves are of two types, needle-like juvenile leaves on young seedlings up to a year old, and scale-like adult leaves. The cones are globose to oval, with 8-14 scales arranged in opposite decussate pairs; each scale bears 2-4 small seeds.
Tripolitania Punic inscriptions
The Tripolitania Punic inscriptions are a number of Punic language inscriptions found in the region of Tripolitania – specifically its three classical cities of Leptis Magna, Sabratha and Oea (modern Tripoli), with the vast majority being found in Leptis Magna. The inscriptions have been found in various periods over the last two centuries, and were catalogued by Giorgio Levi Della Vida. A subset of the inscriptions feature in all the major corpuses of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, notably as KAI 119-132.

In addition to inscriptions in the Punic script, the corpus includes a number of Punic inscriptions written in Latin script, such as KAI 304-305.

According to Karel Jongeling, 68 inscriptions are known from Leptis Magna, 15 from Sabratha, 10 from Oea, 4 from Zaiuet el-Mahgiub, 3 from Wadi el-Amud, 2 from Germa and 1 each from El-Amruni, Gasr Doga, Bir Gebira, Bu Khemmàsc, Henchir Gen Rieime, Misurata Marina, Al-Qusbat, Ras el-Hadagia, Sàmet el-Crèma, Taglit and Tarhuna.

Mausoleum of Gasr Doga
The Mausoleum of Gasr Doga is an ancient mausoleum dating from the first century CE, located near Tarhuna, Libya.

The mausoleum, dubbed "one of the most imposing funerary monuments of ancient Tripolitania", was built by a member of the local Libyco-Punic elite, and its architectural composition evokes the style of royal Numidian monuments. Its decorative elements reflect a fusion of local artistic traditions and imported motifs from Italy.

During Late Antiquity and the Islamic era, the mausoleum became the nucleus of a fortified settlement, predominantly built using spolia sourced from the mausoleum itself.
Sierpiński space
In mathematics, the Sierpiński space is a finite topological space with two points, only one of which is closed.
It is the smallest example of a topological space which is neither trivial nor discrete. It is named after Wacław Sierpiński.

The Sierpiński space has important relations to the theory of computation and semantics, because it is the classifying space for open sets in the Scott topology.

Generic point
In algebraic geometry, a generic point P of an algebraic variety X is a point in a general position, at which all generic properties are true, a generic property being a property which is true for almost every point.

In classical algebraic geometry, a generic point of an affine or projective algebraic variety of dimension d is a point such that the field generated by its coordinates has transcendence degree d over the field generated by the coefficients of the equations of the variety.

In scheme theory, the spectrum of an integral domain has a unique generic point, which is the zero ideal. As the closure of this point for the Zariski topology is the whole spectrum, the definition has been extended to general topology, where a generic point of a topological space X is a point whose closure is X.
Kempston West
Kempston West is an electoral ward and area within the town of Kempston, Bedfordshire, England.

The boundaries of Kempston West are approximately the River Great Ouse to the north, Woburn Road to the south and east and Kempston Rural to the west.

The ward was created in 2011 and was first contested in the 2011 local elections. Today, Kempston Academy and the headquarters of Bedfordshire Police are located within the boundaries of Kempston West.

Kempston
Kempston is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Bedford, Bedfordshire, England, situated around 2 miles (3.2 km) south-west of Bedford town centre. It had a population of 19,330 in the 2011 census, and forms part of the wider Bedford built-up area. The River Great Ouse separates it from the Queen's Park area of Bedford.
Frank Shaughnessy
Francis Joseph "Shag" Shaughnessy (April 8, 1883 – May 15, 1969) was an American athlete and sports executive. Shaughnessy played both baseball and football and was an executive in baseball, football and ice hockey. He was born in the United States and moved to Canada in the 1910s, where he was involved with football and ice hockey teams in Montreal and Ottawa. He was later president of the International League of baseball. His son Frank Shaughnessy Jr. also played football and ice hockey, and played ice hockey for the United States in the 1936 Winter Olympics.

Frank Shaughnessy Jr.
Francis John Shaughnessy Jr. (June 21, 1911 – June 12, 1982) was a Canadian/American athlete. In ice hockey, he was a member of the American team which won the bronze medal in the 1936 Winter Olympics. He was the son of Frank Shaughnessy, also an athlete and sports official.
Hamburg-Wandsbek (electoral district)
Hamburg-Wandsbek is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 22. It is located in northeastern Hamburg, comprising the southern part of the Wandsbek borough.

Hamburg-Wandsbek was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2013, it has been represented by Aydan Özoğuz of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

Wandsbek
Wandsbek (German pronunciation: [ˈvantsbeːk] ⓘ) is the second-largest of seven boroughs that make up the city and state of Hamburg, Germany. The name of the district is derived from the river Wandse which passes through here. Wandsbek, which was formerly an independent city, is urban and, along with Eilbek and Marienthal, part of the city's economic and cultural core. In 2020 the population was 442,702, making it the most populous borough in Hamburg.
May 1985 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Saturday, May 4, 1985, with an umbral magnitude of 1.2369. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring only about 13.5 hours after perigee (on May 4, 1985, at 6:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This lunar eclipse was the first of a tetrad, with four total lunar eclipses in series, the others being on October 28, 1985; April 24, 1986; and October 17, 1986.

April 1986 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Thursday, April 24, 1986, with an umbral magnitude of 1.2022. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 1.25 days before perigee (on April 25, 1986, at 18:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This lunar eclipse was the third of a tetrad, with four total lunar eclipses in series, the others being on May 4, 1985; October 28, 1985; and October 17, 1986.
Ice 1 Racing
ICE 1 Racing was a team competing in the World Rally Championship with Finnish driver Kimi Räikkönen. The team was based at Citroën Racing's headquarters in Versailles, France.

2007 Formula One World Champion Räikkönen drove for the Citroën Junior Team in his first World Rally Championship season in 2010. For 2011 the Junior Team was disbanded and Räikkönen was entered for the 2011 season under the Ice 1 Racing name in a Citroën DS3 WRC. Citroën Racing Technologies boss Benoit Nogier remained as Räikkönen's team principal, a role he held at the Citroën Junior Team.

Räikkönen subsequently set up a motocross team using the ICE 1 Racing name. The team is headed by Kari Tiainen and competes in the Motocross World Championship.

Citroën Junior Team
The Citroën Junior Team was a World Rally Championship team that competed in the 2009, 2010 and 2012 seasons. It was established as a second team for the Citroën brand and was presented as a vehicle to develop young talent.

The team was also the flagship WRC team for Citroën Racing's customer racing department, Citroën Racing Technologies (CRT), which was in existence between 2007 and 2012. As with all of CRT's customer privateers and team, the Citroën Junior Team was run on events by third-party preparation firm PH Sport.