hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portuguese Americans
Portuguese Americans (Portuguese: portugueses americanos), also known as Luso-Americans (luso-americanos), are citizens and residents of the United States who are connected to the country of Portugal by birth, ancestry, or citizenship.

Americans and others who are not native Europeans from Portugal but originate from countries that were former colonies of Portugal do not necessarily self-identify as "Portuguese American", but rather as their post-colonial nationalities, although many refugees (referred to as retornados) from former Portuguese colonies, as well as many white Brazilians, are ethnically or ancestrally Portuguese. In 2017, an estimated 48,158 Portuguese nationals were living in the United States.

Some Melungeon communities in rural Appalachia have historically self-identified as Portuguese. Given their complex ancestry, individual Melungeons may descend from Portuguese people, but not all do.

Portuguese immigration to Hawaii
Portuguese immigration to Hawaii began in 1878 when laborers from Madeira and the Azores migrated there to work in the sugarcane plantations. By the end of 1911, nearly 16,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived.
John Lowther (died 1668)
Colonel Sir John Lowther (c. 1628 – March 1668) was an English landowner, at Hackthorpe, the eldest son and heir of Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet and Mary Fletcher.

He first married, in 1665, Elizabeth Bellingham, daughter of Sir Henry Bellingham, 1st Baronet. They had two children:

John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale (1655–1700)

Mary Lowther, married her third cousin twice removed, John Lowther of Dantzic

By his second marriage to Mary Withins, he had one (posthumous) son:

William Lowther (1668–1694)

He predeceased his father and did not succeed to the baronetcy.

Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Lowther
Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet (20 February 1605 – 30 November 1675) was an English lawyer, landowner, and politician who sat in the House of Commons for Westmorland in 1628 and in 1660. He took no great part in the English Civil Wars.
Urvantsev Rocks
Urvantsev Rocks (72°6′S 5°37′E﻿ / ﻿72.100°S 5.617°E﻿ / -72.100; 5.617) is a groups of rocks lying 5 nautical miles (9 km) southeast of Skorvetangen Spur in the Muhlig-Hofmann Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norsk Polarinstitutt from surveys and air photos by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. Also mapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named for geologist Nikolay Urvantsev.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Urvantsev Rocks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Skorvetangen Spur
Skorvetangen Spur (72°3′S 5°20′E﻿ / ﻿72.050°S 5.333°E﻿ / -72.050; 5.333) is a rock spur 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) southeast of Hamarskorvene Bluff in the Muhlig-Hofmann Mountains, Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos provided by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60). It was eventually named Skorvetangen.
Breda A650
The A650 is an electric multiple unit rapid transit (known locally as a subway) car built for use on the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. The cars were manufactured by the Italian company Breda at its Pistoia plant in Italy between 1988 and 1997 and are used on the Metro B and D Lines.

Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)
Metrorail is a rapid transit system in Miami and Miami-Dade County in the U.S. state of Florida. It is operated by Miami-Dade Transit (MDT), a departmental agency of Miami-Dade County. Opened in 1984, it is Florida's only rapid transit metro system and consists of two lines and 23 stations over 24.4 miles (39.3 km) of standard gauge track.

Metrorail serves central Miami and surrounding areas, including Miami International Airport, the Health District, Downtown Miami, and Brickell, as well as the northern communities of Hialeah and Medley. To the south, service extends through The Roads, Coconut Grover, Coral Gables, and South Miami to Dadeland in Kendall. The system connects to the Metromover in Downtown Miami and to Tri-Rail and Brightline services. Metrobus routes serve all stations. In 2025, the system recorded 14,911,300 trips, with an average of 49,700 weekday riders as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Edgar Gardner Murphy
Edgar Gardner Murphy (1869–1913) was an American clergyman and author during the Progressive Era in the United States who had a conflicted past, working to improve relations between African Americans and whites while also appeasing white nationalists and wrote about issues faced, as well as working to improve child labor laws and public education.

Murphy was born at Fort Smith, Arkansas, graduated from the University of the South at Sewanee in 1889, and served as a priest of the Episcopal Church for twelve years. After 1903, he worked exclusively in educational and social work. Murphy served as executive secretary of the Southern Education Board, vice president of the Conference for Education in the South, organizer and secretary of the Southern Society for Consideration of Race Problems and Conditions in the South, and organizer and first secretary of the National Child Labor Committee.

National Child Labor Committee
The National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) was a private, non-profit organization in the United States that served as a leading proponent for the national child labor reform movement. Its mission was to promote "the rights, awareness, dignity, well-being and education of children and youth as they relate to work and working."

NCLC, headquartered on Broadway in Manhattan, New York, was administered by a board of directors, with the last chair head being Betsy Brand.
St. John's Lutheran School
St. John's Lutheran School (also known as the Johannes Arms Apartments) is a historic Lutheran school building at 315 W. 4th Street in Topeka, Kansas, United States. It was built between 1919 and 1922 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Until 1949 it was home to the present-day Topeka Lutheran School.

It was deemed "primarily significant as an exceptionally-intact example of the institutional architecture of Frank C. Squires, a prominent Topeka architect who practiced in the early decades of the twentieth century. Additionally, it is locally significant for its historical contributions to education in Topeka."

Topeka Lutheran School
Topeka Lutheran School was a private Lutheran elementary school in Topeka, Kansas, in the United States. Founded in 1874 and closing in 2023, the school was affiliated with the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod.
Radio Live
Radio Live (stylised as Radio LIVE) was a nationwide Auckland-based New Zealand talkback, news and sport radio network owned and operated by MediaWorks New Zealand.

It was formed by the 2005 split of talk and racing network Radio Pacific into a dedicated talk network which prioritised breaking news coverage (Radio Live) and a talk network which broadcast live horse racing and greyhound racing commentaries which initially retained the Radio Pacific name before a rebrand to Bsport and finally LiveSport. The network competes directly against NZME. station Newstalk ZB.

In November 2018, it was announced that RadioLIVE would be merging with Mediaworks sister network, Magic, to form a talk-music radio hybrid known as Magic Talk, which started on 19 January 2019. Former TVNZ news presenter Peter Williams was the first host revealed for the new network.

Newshub
Newshub (stylised as Newshub.) is a New Zealand news service that operated from 1989 to 2024 and served as the local news division of Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand until its closure. The division, known as 3 News until 2016, had produced news bulletins and current affairs programming for the television channel Three from its inception. It also operated a news website and on radio stations run by MediaWorks between 2016 and 2021.

The Newshub brand was launched in February 2016 as part of the division's transition to digital journalism. MediaWorks sold Three and Newshub to US multimedia company Discovery, Inc., with the acquisition completed in December 2020.

On 28 February 2024, it was announced that Newshub would shut down on 5 July 2024. On 10 April 2024, the closure was confirmed by Warner Bros. Discovery, with Newshub winding down on 5 July 2024. Media company Stuff was commissioned to produce a new nightly bulletin, named ThreeNews.
Manuchar I Dadiani
Manuchar I Dadiani (Georgian: მანუჩარ I დადიანი; died 1611) of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1590 until his death in 1611.

Manuchar ruled over Mingrelia, in western Georgia, in a period of continuous anarchy in the successor states of the former Kingdom of Georgia. Manuchar continued his predecessors' efforts to extend the Dadiani's influence over the Kingdom of Imereti, Mingrelia's nominal suzerain. He fought off an invasion led by King Simon I of Kartli, who sought to reunite all of Georgia under his aegis, and secured his protégé Rostom on the throne of Imereti, thereby briefly restoring relative peace in western Georgia. Manuchar died in a hunting accident and was succeeded by his son, Levan II Dadiani.

House of Dadiani
The House of Dadiani (Georgian: დადიანი [dadiani]), later known as the House of Dadiani-Chikovani, was a Georgian family of nobles, dukes and princes, and a ruling dynasty of the western Georgian province of Mingrelia.
Oxhey
Oxhey is a suburb of Watford, under the jurisdiction of the Watford Borough Council in the county of Hertfordshire, England.  It is in the Oxhey ward of Watford Borough Council.

The wider locations which comprise the modern Oxhey area are Oxhey Village (the area around Bushey station and between Pinner Road and London Road) and Oxhey Hall (the area along Hampermill Lane towards Moor Park).

Dorothy Thornhill, Baroness Thornhill
Dorothy Thornhill, Baroness Thornhill, MBE (born 26 May 1955) was the first directly elected mayor of Watford, Hertfordshire, England. She was the Liberal Democrats' first directly elected mayor, and was also the first female directly elected mayor in the United Kingdom. She served as Mayor of Watford from May 2002 until May 2018. She was nominated for a life peerage in August 2015.
Champaign Unit 4 School District
Champaign Community Unit School District No. 4 is a unit school district with over 10,000 students and 19 campuses covering Champaign and the villages of Bondville and Savoy in Champaign County, Illinois, United States.  It was formed in 1948 from thirteen school districts.

Centennial High School (Champaign, Illinois)
Centennial High School is a public high school serving grades 9–12 in Champaign, Illinois. It is part of Champaign Unit 4 School District. As of the 2023–24 school year, it had 1,473 students. The school is located next to Jefferson Middle School and Centennial Park.
Dover-Sherborn High School
Dover-Sherborn High School, or DSHS, is a regional public high school in the town of Dover, Massachusetts, United States. It serves students from the towns of Dover and Sherborn, and is the senior school of the Dover-Sherborn Public School District, housing grades 9 through 12. It also hosts some METCO students.  It was rated by Boston Magazine as the top public high school in Boston in 2019. It was rated by Boston Magazine as the top public high school in Greater Boston in 2024. The Headmaster is John Smith and Associate Headmaster is Tim O’Mara.

Dover, Massachusetts
Dover is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,923 at the time of the 2020 United States Census.

Located about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of downtown Boston, Dover is a residential town nestled on the south banks of the Charles River. Almost all of the residential zoning requires 1 acre (4,000 m2) or larger. As recently as the early 1960s, 75% of its annual town budget was allocated to snow removal, as only one and a half miles (2.4 km) of the town's roads are state highway.

Dover is bordered by Natick, Wellesley and Needham to the north, Westwood to the east, Walpole and Medfield to the south, and Sherborn to the west.

For geographic and demographic information on the census-designated place Dover, please see the article Dover (CDP), Massachusetts.
Subglottis
The subglottis or subglottic region is the lower portion of the larynx, extending from just beneath the vocal cords down to the top of the trachea. The structures in the subglottis are implicated in the regulation of the temperature of the breath. Narrowing of the subglottis is known as subglottic stenosis and may require a tracheotomy to correct.

Larynx
The larynx (pl.: larynges or larynxes), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in respiration, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of the larynx into the pharynx, known as the laryngeal inlet, is about 4–5 centimeters in diameter. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.
Hino Motors
Hino Motors, Ltd, commonly known as Hino, is a Japanese manufacturer of commercial vehicles and diesel engines (including those for trucks, buses and other vehicles) headquartered in Hino, Tokyo. The company was established in 1942 as a corporate spin-off from previous manufacturers.

Hino Motors is a large constituent of the Nikkei 225 on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.  It is a subsidiary of Toyota and one of 16 major companies of the Toyota Group.

Hino Briska
The Hino Briska (Japanese: 日野・ブリスカ) was a small pickup truck built by Hino Motors, adapted from the Renault-based Hino Contessa sedan. It was introduced in 1961 and remained in production until 1968, when Toyota released the Toyota Hilux. In 1967, the Hino Briska was renamed the Toyota Briska, then the Hilux was introduced, based on the Briska. There was also a commercial delivery van, appropriately called the Hino Commerce.
Khathekhola Rural Municipality
Kathekhola Rural Municipality (Kathekhola Gaupalika) (Nepali: काठेखोला गाउँपालिका) is a Gaunpalika in Baglung District in Gandaki Province of Nepal. On 12 March 2017, the government of Nepal implemented a new local administrative structure, in which VDCs have been replaced with municipal and Village Councils. Kathekhola is one of these 753 local units. It is named after the Kathekhola River, a geographical trademark of this rural municipality. Madhyapahari Lokmarg passes through the central part of this rural municipality and is also close to Baglung district headquarters.

Baglung District
Baglung District (Nepali: बागलुङ जिल्ला pronounced [baɡluŋ] ⓘ), a part of Gandaki Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Baglung as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,784 km2 (689 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 268,613.
Coda alla vaccinara
Coda alla vaccinara (Italian: [ˈkoːda alla vattʃiˈnaːra]) is an oxtail stew in modern Roman cuisine including various vegetables, notably celery. The tail is considered offal, nicknamed in Rome the quinto quarto (lit. 'fifth fourth').

Roman cuisine
Roman cuisine is the cooking traditions and practices of the Italian city of Rome. It features fresh, seasonal and simply-prepared ingredients from the Roman Campagna. These include peas, globe artichokes and fava beans, shellfish, milk-fed lamb and goat, and cheeses such as pecorino romano and ricotta. Olive oil is used mostly to dress raw vegetables, while strutto (pork lard) and fat from prosciutto are preferred for frying. The most popular sweets in Rome are small individual pastries called pasticcini, gelato and handmade chocolates and candies. Special dishes are often reserved for different days of the week; for example, gnocchi is eaten on Thursdays, baccalà (salted cod) on Fridays and trippa (offal) on Saturdays.
Golferenzo
Golferenzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Pavia.

Golferenzo borders the following municipalities: Alta Val Tidone, Montecalvo Versiggia, Santa Maria della Versa, Volpara. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Volpara
Volpara is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 km south of Milan and about 30 km southeast of Pavia.

Volpara borders the following municipalities: Alta Val Tidone, Canevino, Golferenzo, Montecalvo Versiggia.
Akira Nogami
Akira Nogami (野上 彰, Nogami Akira; born March 13, 1966) is a Japanese professional wrestler and actor, currently working as Akira (occasionally stylised in all-capitals). He has also worked as a trainer.

Wrestle-1 Tag Team Championship
The Wrestle-1 Tag Team Championship (WRESTLE-1タッグチャンピオンシップ, Wrestle-1 Taggu Chanpionshippu) was a professional wrestling tag team championship owned by the Wrestle-1 (W-1) promotion. The title was announced on September 22, 2014, in conjunction with the start of a tournament to crown the first Wrestle-1 Champion. In Japanese the title's name includes the katakana term for "championship", Chanpionshippu (チャンピオンシップ), derived from the English language instead of the more common kanji term Ōza (王座).

Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won as a result of a scripted match. There have been eighteen reigns shared among sixteen teams and twenty one wrestlers.
Valery Leontiev
Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev (Russian: Валерий Яковлевич Леонтьев; born 19 March 1949) is a Russian singer, songwriter and actor, whose popularity peaked in the 1980s and 1990s. He was titled a People's Artist of Russia in 1996. During his career, he achieved international success in Eastern Europe, has the status of a pop icon along with Alla Pugacheva, and is a winner of ZD Awards.

In 1993, Leontyev headlined the Voice of Asia festival, along with Boney M and Gloria Gaynor.

Over the course of his decades-long career, he has recorded more than 30 albums, many of which sold millions of copies. The media refers to Leontiev as a megastar and a legend of the Russian pop.

Komi Republic
The Komi Republic (Russian: Республика Коми; Komi: Коми Республика), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republic of Russia situated in the northeast of European Russia. Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar.

The population of the republic  at the 2021 census was 737,853, down from 901,189 at the 2010 census.
XYZ particle
In particle physics, XYZ particles (also referred to as XYZ states) are recently discovered heavy mesons whose properties do not appear to fit the standard picture of charmonium and bottomonium states. They are therefore types of exotic mesons. The term arises from the names given to some of the first such particles discovered: X(3872), Y(4260) and Zc(3900), although the symbols X and Y have since been deprecated by the Particle Data Group.

Y(4260)
The Y(4260) is an anomalous particle with an energy of 4260 MeV which does not appear to fit into the quark model. It was discovered by the BaBar experiment at Stanford University for the Department of Energy in California and later confirmed by several other experimental collaborations. It being a Charmonium state is unlikely because the Y(4260) is heavier than the threshold for production of two D mesons, yet sits, surprisingly in a dip in the production rate for pairs of D's. It is a possibility that it is a hybrid—a predicted but not-yet-seen type of particle, where a gluon is actually a permanent part of the makeup of the particle, instead of just an ephemeral messenger keeping the quarks bound together.
These New Puritans
These New Puritans are an English band from Southend-on-Sea, England. It consists mainly of Jack Barnett (principal songwriter, vocalist, producer, multi-instrumentalist) and his twin brother George Barnett (drums, electronics, producer, artwork). Multi-instrumentalist Thomas Hein was an active member of TNP between 2006 and 2016; keyboardist Sophie Sleigh-Johnson was active between 2006 and 2010. Portuguese fado and jazz singer Elisa Rodrigues joined as a vocalist between 2012 and 2015. They have recorded five studio albums: Beat Pyramid (2008), Hidden (2010), Field of Reeds (2013), Inside the Rose (2019) and Crooked Wing (2025).

The band's music has been described as "blurring the distinction between rock, classical, electronic and experimental" and as "strikingly modern yet simultaneously timeless."

Domino Recording Company
Domino Recording Company, or simply Domino, is a British independent record label based in London. There is also a wing of the label based in Brooklyn, New York that handles releases in the United States, as well as a German division called Domino Deutschland and a French division called Domino France. In addition, Stephen Pastel presides over the subsidiary label Geographic Music, which releases more 'unusual' music from Britain and outside of the Western world. In 2011, the company announced that it was beginning a book publishing division, The Domino Press.
Hober Mallow
Hober Mallow is a fictional character in the Foundation series by Isaac Asimov. In the 1944 novella "The Big and the Little", he is a Master Trader for the Foundation who pioneers the use of commerce to increase the Foundation's power and influence across the galaxy.

Mallow is voiced by Julian Glover in the 1973 BBC Radio 4 adaptation The Foundation Trilogy. He is portrayed by Dimitri Leonidas in season two of the 2021 Apple TV+ television series adaptation Foundation.

Foundation universe
The Foundation universe describes a future history of humanity's colonization of the galaxy, spanning nearly 25,000 years, created through the gradual fusion of the Robot, Galactic Empire, and Foundation book series written by American author Isaac Asimov.
Long Run Baptist Church and Cemetery
Long Run Baptist Church and Cemetery (also known as the Lincoln Cabin Site) is a historic church and cemetery on Long Run Road in Eastwood neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky.

In 1786 Captain Abraham Lincoln, grandfather of President Abraham Lincoln was murdered near this site by Native Americans, while President Lincoln's father, Thomas Lincoln, age eight, watched his father's murder. Tradition states that Captain Abraham Lincoln was buried by his cabin, which is now the site of Long Run Baptist Church and Cemetery.  A stone memorializing Captain Abraham Lincoln was placed in the cemetery in 1937.  The church was built on the site in 1844. The church and cemetery were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Abraham Lincoln (captain)
Captain Abraham Lincoln (May 13, 1744 –  May 1786) was the paternal grandfather and namesake of the 16th U.S. president, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was a military captain during the American Revolution, and a pioneer settler of Kentucky. Some historical sources attest his last name as Linkhorn, although neither Abraham nor his children ever signed themselves as such.
Vidurashwatha massacre
The Vidurashwatha massacre occurred on 25 April 1938 at Vidurashwatha, when police opened fire on agitated farmers and killed 33 people, wounding more than 100. At least 90 rounds were fired by police on unarmed people who assembled to hoist the flag of the Indian National Congress. The massacre is an instance where the Congress-led freedom movement was violently suppressed by Sir Mirza Ismail, then Dewan of Mysore State. District Superintendent of Police A.S.Khalil started firing with his pistol on unarmed crowd and Government declared that only 10 people died, although total death was 33.

This massacre led to the Mizra-Patel Pact between Vallabhbhai Patel and Mirza Ismail, which permitted people to hoist the Congress' Flag in Mysore State.

Vidurashwatha
Vidurashwatha is a village located in the Gauribidanur taluk of Chikkaballapur district in the state of Karnataka, India. Situated near the Karnataka–Andhra Pradesh border and about 6 km from Gauribidanur, it played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. The place is home to Ashwatha Narayanaswamy temple. Besides the temple it is also home to hundreds of Naga diety idols made of stone.