hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leopold, Missouri
Leopold is an unincorporated community in eastern Bollinger County in Southeast Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Route N, approximately four miles southeast of Marble Hill. The community consists of roughly 65 residents and has one of the smallest public school districts in the state of Missouri.

Leopold is part of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cape Girardeau–Jackson metropolitan area
The Cape Girardeau–Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in southeastern Missouri and one in southern Illinois with its core in both states. Its largest cities are the cities of Cape Girardeau and Jackson. It was upgraded from a Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA) to a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) by the Office of Management and Budget on November 20, 2008.

As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 96,275.
Pseudupeneus
Pseudupeneus is a genus of goatfishes native to the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. They inhabit mainly the coastal waters of continental shelves, but can be found in deep waters, as well.

Goatfish
The goatfishes, or mullets, are ray-finned fish of the family Mullidae, the only family in the suborder Mulloidei of the order Syngnathiformes. The family is also sometimes referred to as the red mullets, which also refers more narrowly to the genus Mullus.

The family name and the English common name mullet derived from Latin mullus, the red mullet; other than the red mullet and the striped red mullet or surmullet, the English word "mullet" generally refers to a different family of fish, the Mugilidae or gray mullets.
Ducktown, Tennessee
Ducktown  (Cherokee: ᎦᏬᏅᏱ, romanized: Gawonvyi) is a city in Polk County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 461 at the 2020 census and 475 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Cleveland, Tennessee metropolitan area.

Cleveland metropolitan area, Tennessee
The Cleveland, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in southeast Tennessee – Bradley and Polk – anchored by the city of Cleveland.  As of the 2020 United States census, the MSA had a population of 126,164. The MSA is also part of the Chattanooga Combined Statistical Area. The MSA was first designated in June 2003. Geographically, this metropolitan area is mostly coexistant with the Ocoee Region, a historical and cultural name that reflects the heritage of the area.
Takifugu obscurus
Takifugu obscurus or the obscure pufferfish is a species of euryhaline, anadromous pufferfish first described by T. Abe in 1949. It has been categorized by the IUCN as a least-concern species globally since 2014; in South Korea, it is however classified as an endangered species due to overfishing of its endemic populations. The Catalogue of Life lists no subspecies of Takifugu obscurus. The species prefers deeper, clearer areas of brackish and fresh water, and is found in estuaries, as well as rivers and tributaries thereof such as the South Korean rivers Geum, Han, and Imjin, or the Tamsui River. The species is endemic to North and South Korea, the Sea of Japan, and the East and South China Seas. Uses of Takifugu obscurus include human consumption, use in animal testing, and owning specimens as pets. As with most species of pufferfish, several organs of Takifugu obscurus contain tetrodotoxin, making it potentially poisonous if not prepared safely by trained persons.

Takifugu
Takifugu, also known by the Japanese name fugu (河豚, lit. "river pig"), is a genus of pufferfish with 25 species, most of which are native to salt and brackish waters of the northwest Pacific, but a few species are found in freshwater in Asia or more widely in the Indo-Pacific region. Their diet consists mostly of algae, molluscs, invertebrates and sometimes crustaceans.

The fish contains lethal amounts of the poison tetrodotoxin in the internal organs, especially the liver and the ovaries, but also in the skin and the testes. The poison paralyzes the muscles while the victim stays fully conscious, and eventually dies from asphyxiation. There is currently no antidote, and the standard medical approach is to try to support the respiratory and circulatory system until the effect of the poison wears off.
Rock Master
Rock Master is an international competition climbing event that is held every year in Arco, Italy.  The event takes place in two rounds: the first is an on-sight session and the second is called "after work". The final classification is given by the sum of the two events. On Friday the athletes are given a chance to survey the work route, and the actual climbing takes place on Saturday and Sunday.  At the competition, two prestigious awards, known as the "Oscars of climbing", are presented: the Salewa Rock Award, and the La Sportiva Competition Award.

Arco, Trentino
Arco is a comune in Trentino-Alto Adige in northern Italy.
The town is faced on one side by sheer limestone cliffs jutting up like a wall protecting it and its ancient hilltop castle.
King Francis II of the Two Sicilies died there in 1894.
Gorzegno
Gorzegno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 362 and an area of 13.8 square kilometres (5.3 sq mi).

Gorzegno borders the following municipalities: Feisoglio, Levice, Mombarcaro, Niella Belbo, and Prunetto.

Mombarcaro
Mombarcaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 319 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).

Mombarcaro borders the following municipalities: Camerana, Gorzegno, Monesiglio, Murazzano, Niella Belbo, Paroldo, Prunetto, Sale San Giovanni, and San Benedetto Belbo.
Nepenthes × tsangoya
Nepenthes × tsangoya (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz sæŋˈɡɔɪ.ə/; after Peter Tsang) is a tropical pitcher plant. It reportedly represents the complex natural hybrid (N. alata × N. merrilliana) × N. mirabilis.

Nepenthes × tsangoya was mentioned as a natural hybrid in Guide to Nepenthes Hybrids (1995).  The known ranges of the parent species only overlap in Mindanao, the Philippines.

Nepenthes mirabilis
Nepenthes mirabilis (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz mɪˈræbɪlɪs/; from Latin mirabilis "wonderful") is a species of carnivorous plant in the family Nepenthaceae. It is sometimes referred to by the common names common swamp pitcher-plant and tropical pitcher plant,.

By far the most widespread of all Nepenthes, its range covers continental Southeast Asia and all major islands of the Malay Archipelago (minus the Lesser Sunda Islands and northern Philippines), stretching from China in the north to Australia in the south. The species exhibits great variability throughout its range. One of the more notable varieties, N. mirabilis var. echinostoma, is endemic to Borneo and possesses an extremely wide peristome.

The conservation status of N. mirabilis is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. In Hong Kong, it is a protected species under Forestry Regulations Cap. 96A.

According to Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek, the pitchers of N. mirabilis are used as toy phallocrypts in New Guinea.
Lim Si Pin
Lim Si Pin (simplified Chinese: 林时彬; traditional Chinese: 林時彬; pinyin: Lín Shíbīn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Sî-pin) is a Malaysian politician. He ever served as the head of the youth wing of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan), a component party of Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition; from 2008 to 2011.

Lim is the son of Lim Keng Yaik, a former cabinet minister and president of Gerakan.

He contested the Malaysian General Election 2008 for the Barisan Nasional held parliamentary seat of Batu, Kuala Lumpur, but was defeated by Tian Chua of the opposition People's Justice Party (PKR).

Lim Keng Yaik
Lim Keng Yaik (Chinese: 林敬益; pinyin: Lín Jìngyì; Jyutping: Lam4 Ging3 Jik1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Kèng-ek; 8 April 1939 – 22 December 2012) was a Malaysian politician and former Minister of Energy, Water and Communications in the Malaysian cabinet. He was the third president of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan) from 1980 until stepping down on 8 April 2007 to pave the way for Tan Sri Koh Tsu Koon. Just before his death, he was among the only four living Chinese with Tunship holders in Malaysia.
Maestrale-class destroyer
The Maestrale class were a group of destroyers built for the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) and served in World War II. They formed the basis for subsequent Italian destroyer designs; the Oriani and Soldati classes.

Soldati-class destroyer
The Soldati class  (also known as Camicia Nera class, meaning Blackshirt) were a group of destroyers built for the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) during World War II. The ships were named after military professions (Artigliere, for example, meaning gunner). There were two batches; twelve ships were built in 1938–1939 and a second batch of seven ships were ordered in 1940, although only five were completed.

Ten ships of the class were lost during the war. Three of the survivors were transferred to the French Navy and two to the Soviet Navy as war reparations, while two served in the Italian post-war navy, the Marina Militare.
Dobele crater
Dobele crater is an impact crater in Latvia under the town of Dobele. The crater is not exposed at the surface. It is 4.5 km (2.8 mi) in diameter and estimated to be 290 ± 35 million years old (Cisuralian epoch of the Permian period).

Dobele
Dobele (pronunciationⓘ; German: Doblen) is a town and seat of Dobele Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. It is located near the center of Latvia on the banks of the river Bērze. It received town rights in 1917 whilst being a part of the German occupied Courland Governorate during the First World War. As of 2020, the population was 8,856.
Damber Singh Gurung
Damber Singh Gurung (23 January 1900 – 7 April 1948) was an Indian politician, lawyer and social worker. He founded the Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League, a political party, in 1943. Born in Kalimpong, West Bengal, Gurung represented the Indian Gorkha community in the Constituent Assembly of India till his death in 1948, after which Ari Bahadur Gurung took his place.

Indian Gorkha
Indian Gorkhas (commonly known as Gorkha community or Gorkha) are an Indian ethno-cultural group who speak Nepali as a common language. They inhabit mainly the states of Sikkim, West Bengal, Northeast India and Uttarakhand, including their diaspora elsewhere in India and abroad.

Indian Gorkhas are citizens of India as per the gazette notification of the Government of India on the issue of citizenship of the Gorkhas from India. The Nepali language is included in the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution. However, the Indian Gorkhas are faced with a unique identity crisis with regard to their Indian citizenship because of the Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1950) that permits "on a reciprocal basis, the nationals of one country in the territories of the other the same privileges in the matter of residence, ownership of property, participation in trade and commerce, movement and other privileges of a similar nature".
2016 Bank of the West Classic
The 2016 Bank of the West Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 45th edition of the tournament, and part of the WTA Premier tournaments of the 2016 WTA Tour. It took place in Stanford, California, United States between 18 and 24 July 2016. It was the first women's event on the 2016 US Open Series.

2016 WTA Tour
The 2016 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2016 tennis season. The 2016 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy). Also included in the 2016 calendar is the Summer Olympic Games and Hopman Cup, which were organized by the ITF and did not distribute ranking points.
Beenleigh, Queensland
Beenleigh is a town and suburb in the City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Beenleigh had a population of 8,425 people.

A government survey for the new town was conducted in 1866. The town is the terminus for the Beenleigh railway line, which first opened in 1885 and a stop on the South Coast railway line, which reached Southport in 1889.  Beenleigh was the administrative centre of the former Shire of Albert.  It is known for the heritage-listed tourist attraction called the Beenleigh Artisan Distillery. In recent years it has seen many high rise developments.

Mount Warren Park, Queensland
Mount Warren Park is a residential suburb in the outer eastern area of the City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. The mountain of Mount Warren is within the suburb (27°43′42″S 153°11′53″E﻿ / ﻿27.7284°S 153.1981°E﻿ / -27.7284; 153.1981﻿ (Mount Warren)).

In the 2021 census, Mount Warren Park had a population of 5,736 people.
3753 Cruithne
3753 Cruithne is a Q-type, Aten asteroid in orbit around the Sun in 1:1 orbital resonance with Earth, making it a co-orbital object. It is an asteroid that, relative to Earth, orbits the Sun in a bean-shaped orbit that effectively describes a horseshoe, and that can change into a quasi-satellite orbit. Cruithne does not orbit Earth and at times it is on the other side of the Sun, placing Cruithne well outside of Earth's Hill sphere. Its orbit takes it near the orbit of Mercury and outside the orbit of Mars. Cruithne orbits the Sun in about one Earth year, but it takes 770 years for the series to complete a horseshoe-shaped movement around Earth.

The asteroid takes its name from the Cruithne, a people mentioned in early Irish annals.

Q-type asteroid
Q-type asteroids are relatively uncommon inner-belt asteroids with a strong, broad 1 micrometre olivine and pyroxene feature, and a spectral slope that indicates the presence of metal. There are absorption features shortwards and longwards of 0.7 μm, and the spectrum is generally intermediate between the V and S-type.

Q-type asteroids are spectrally more similar to ordinary chondrite meteorites (types H, L, LL) than any other asteroid type.  This has led scientists to speculate that they are abundant, but only about 20 of this type has been characterized. Examples of Q-type asteroids are: 1862 Apollo, 2102 Tantalus, 3753 Cruithne, 6489 Golevka, and 9969 Braille.
Liga Puerto Rico Pro
The Liga Puerto Rico Pro (LPR PRO) is a football competition organized by the Puerto Rican Football Federation. It is the top division football league on the island. The champion qualifies to participate in the Caribbean Club Shield each season.

Bayamón Fútbol Club
Bayamón Fútbol Club is a Puerto Rican professional football club. The team is based in Bayamón and founded in 1999. They play their home games at Juan Ramon Loubriel Stadium. The club is a member of David Villa's DV7 Soccer Academy.
Cefditoren
Cefditoren, also known as cefditoren pivoxil is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. It is mainly used for treatment of community acquired pneumonia. It is taken by mouth and is in the cephalosporin family of antibiotics, which is part of the broader beta-lactam group of antibiotics.

Cephalosporin
The cephalosporins (sg. /ˌsɛfələˈspɔːrɪn, ˌkɛ-, -loʊ-/) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungal genus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium.

Together with cephamycins, they constitute a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics called cephems. Cephalosporins were discovered in 1945, and first sold in 1964.
Luttinger liquid
A Luttinger liquid, or Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid, is a theoretical model describing interacting electrons (or other fermions) in a one-dimensional conductor (e.g. quantum wires such as carbon nanotubes). Such a model is necessary as the commonly used Fermi liquid model breaks down for one dimension.

The Tomonaga–Luttinger's liquid was first proposed by Sin-Itiro Tomonaga in 1950. The model showed that under certain constraints, second-order interactions between electrons could be modelled as bosonic interactions. In 1963, J.M. Luttinger reformulated the theory in terms of Bloch sound waves and showed that the constraints proposed by Tomonaga were unnecessary in order to treat the second-order perturbations as bosons. But his solution of the model was incorrect; the correct solution was given by Daniel C. Mattis and Elliot H. Lieb in 1965.

Bosonization
In theoretical condensed matter physics and quantum field theory, bosonization is a mathematical procedure by which a system of interacting fermions in (1+1) dimensions can be transformed to a system of massless, non-interacting bosons. The method of bosonization was conceived independently by particle physicists Sidney Coleman and Stanley Mandelstam; and condensed matter physicists Daniel C. Mattis and Alan Luther in 1975.

In particle physics, however, the boson is interacting (cf. the Sine-Gordon model), and notably through topological interactions  (cf. the Wess–Zumino–Witten model).

The basic physical idea behind bosonization is that particle-hole excitations are bosonic in character. However, it was shown by Tomonaga in 1950 that this principle is only valid in one-dimensional systems. Bosonization is an effective field theory that focuses on low-energy excitations.
Shrine of the Canadian Martyrs
The Shrine of the Canadian Martyrs (French: Sanctuaire des martyrs canadiens), commonly known as the Martyrs' Shrine, is a Roman Catholic and historic place of worship located near Georgian Bay on Ontario Highway 12 in Midland, Ontario, Canada. The Martyrs' Shrine is consecrated to the memory of the Canadian Martyrs, six Jesuit Martyrs and two lay persons from the mission of Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, who were tortured and killed on various dates in the mid-17th century and subsequently canonized by the Catholic Church. It is one of six national shrines in Canada, including, among others, Saint Joseph's Oratory in Montreal and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré.

The Shrine's church is the Church of St. Joseph, constructed in 1925 in a fusion of European and Indigenous styles.

Jean de Brébeuf
Jean de Brébeuf SJ (French: [ʒɑ̃ də bʁe.bœf]) (25 March 1593 –  16 March 1649) was a French Jesuit missionary who travelled to New France (Canada) in 1625. There he worked primarily with the Huron for the rest of his life, except for a few years in France from 1629 to 1633. He learned their language and customs, writing extensively about each to aid other missionaries.

In 1649, Brébeuf and another missionary were captured when an Iroquois raid took over a Huron village (referred to in French as St. Louis). Together with Huron captives, the missionaries were ritually tortured and killed on 16 March 1649. Afterwards, his heart was eaten by Iroquois tribesmen. Brébeuf was beatified in 1925 and with eight Jesuit missionaries was canonized in the Catholic Church in 1930.
Comparison of executable file formats
This is a comparison of binary executable file formats which, once loaded by a suitable executable loader, can be directly executed by the CPU rather than being interpreted by software. In addition to the binary application code, the executables may contain headers and tables with relocation and fixup information as well as various kinds of meta data. Among those formats listed, the ones in most common use are PE (on Microsoft Windows), ELF (on Linux and most other versions of Unix), Mach-O (on macOS and iOS) and MZ (on DOS).

Mach-O
Mach-O (Mach object) is a file format for executables, object code, shared libraries, dynamically loaded code, and core dumps. It was developed to replace the a.out format.

Mach-O is used by some systems based on the Mach kernel. NeXTSTEP, macOS, and iOS are examples of systems that use this format for native executables, libraries and object code.
Round the Clock (radio station)
Round The Clock is an English internet radio service from China Radio International.  The broadcast basically rotates between China Drive and the following weekly programs:

Monday: Front Line

Tuesday: Biz-China

Wednesday: China Horizons

Thursday: Voices from Other Lands

Friday: Life In China

Saturday: Listeners' Garden

Sunday: In the Spotlight

(Source: http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/radio/schedule/radio_roundtheclock.htm Archived 2006-10-04 at the Wayback Machine)

On the weekends when China Drive is not available, the following programs are also broadcast:

CRI Roundup

China Roots

Reports from Developing Counties

China Beat

Life in China
Life In China is a weekly English radio program produced by China Radio International that features articles about ordinary people in China.  The show is hosted by Shan Shan.  The program airs on Round the Clock and is available on the podcasts through the World Radio Network on the Friday edition in the United States, Saturday edition in Beijing.  The format of the program is similar to NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered in that they commentate on the news and events of today and put them into perspective with ordinary people.

The program's format takes the perspective of the ordinary Chinese citizen and creates a story out of the ordinary day-to-day routine. For example, there was a report by high school students done on internet addiction and what happened when a town decided to enforce a curfew that shut down internet cafes in that town after 10 PM.
First Battle of Adobe Walls
The First Battle of Adobe Walls took place between the United States Army and Native Americans. The Kiowa, Comanche and Plains Apache (Kiowa Apache) tribes drove from the battlefield a United States column that was responding to attacks on white settlers moving into the Southwest. The battle on November 25, 1864, resulted in light casualties on both sides.

Plains Apache
The Plains Apache are a small Southern Athabaskan tribe who live on the Southern Plains of North America, in close association with the linguistically unrelated Kiowa Tribe. Today, they are headquartered in Southwestern Oklahoma and are federally recognized as the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma. They mostly live in Comanche and Caddo County, Oklahoma.
Entomophthora muscae
Entomophthora muscae is a species of pathogenic fungus in the order Entomophthorales which causes a fatal disease in flies. It can cause epizootic outbreaks of disease in houseflies and has been investigated as a potential biological control agent.

Entomophthorales
The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, in 2007, was circumscribed for them.

Most species of the entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus Conidiobolus) are free-living saprotrophs.

The name "entomophthorales" is derived from the Ancient Greek for insect destroyer (entomo- = referring to insects, and phthor = "destruction"). Named after genus Entomophthora in 1856.