hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Western Division, Royal Artillery
The Western Division, Royal Artillery, was an administrative grouping of garrison units of the Royal Artillery, Artillery Militia and Artillery Volunteers within the British Army's Western District from 1882 to 1902.

1st Durham Volunteer Artillery
The 1st Durham Volunteer Artillery was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force and Territorial Army from 1860 to 1956. During World War I, it was the only coastal defence unit to engage the enemy, and it also trained siege gunners for service on the Western Front. It continued its coast defence role in World War II, after which it was converted into air defence and engineer units.
Scleral ring
The scleral ring (also sclerotic ring) is a hardened ring of plates, often derived from bone, found in the eye of animals in several groups of vertebrates. Mammals, amphibians, snakes, and crocodilians lack scleral rings. The ring is in the fibrous outer layer of the eye, called the sclera.

Scleral rings can be made of cartilaginous material (scleral cartilage) or bony material (scleral ossicles), or often a combination of both, that comes together to form a ring. The arrangement, size, shape, and number of ossicles vary by group. They are believed to have a role in supporting the eye, especially in animals whose eyes are not spherical, or which live underwater.

Sclera
The sclera, also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber.

In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. People with dark skin can have naturally darkened sclerae, the result of melanin pigmentation.

In humans, and some other vertebrates, the whole sclera is white or pale, contrasting with the coloured iris.
Red River system
The Red River system is a network of rivers or delta system surrounding the main river - Red River in North Vietnam. These branches of the system contribute to or receive water from Red River. Red River system, joining with the Thái Bình river system in the northeast, creates the Red River Delta - the second largest delta in Vietnam,because of the close relation between Red River system and Thái Bình river system, the two system are known as the common name Red and Thai Binh rivers system. Alluvium of the Red River system creates the central and south Red River Delta. Two banks of the rivers are protected by a great dyke system.

The area has a high population density, with some 20% of Vietnam's residents living in the delta. The network of the Red River system has been used for much of human history as a route for the movement of people and for trade, including as a maritime corridor within the historic Chinese Southwest silk road.

Thái Bình river system
The Thái Bình river system is one of the two major river systems in the Red River Delta, Vietnam; the other one is the Red River system. Both split from the Red River in the Hưng Yên province. The system consists of 8 rivers flowing in northern Vietnam. This system joining with Red River system creates the Red River Delta.

The part of it between Hưng Yên and the sea, in combination with the part of the Red River from Hanoi to Hưng Yên, was called the River of Tonkin by historical Dutch and English texts.
Baizhuang Township
Baizhuang Township (simplified Chinese: 白庄乡; traditional Chinese: 白莊鄉; pinyin: Báizhuāng Xiāng) is a township of Shenze County, Hebei, China.

By road, the township is located 12.1 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of the county seat and 87.1 km (54.1 mi) northeast of Shijiazhuang.

The township covers an area of 57.7 km2 (22.3 sq mi) and had a population of 44,736 in 2004.

Shenze County
Shenze County (simplified Chinese: 深泽县; traditional Chinese: 深澤縣; pinyin: Shēnzé Xiàn; lit. 'Deep Lake') is a county of Hebei Province, North China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital.
Letter 47 (Seneca)
Seneca the Younger's Letter 47 of his Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, sometimes known as On Master and Slave or On Slavery, is an essayistic look at dehumanization in the context of slavery in ancient Rome. It was a criticism of aspects of Roman slavery, without outright opposition to it (Seneca was himself a slaveholder), and had a favorable later reception by Enlightenment philosophers and subsequently the 19th century abolitionist movement. Conversely, the text has also been seen as a proslavery apologia, as well as in the light of the Stoic philosophical idea that "all men are slaves".

Historical Stoicism believed in human equality by natural law, but also recognized positive law. It was in disagreement with Aristotle's earlier concept of natural slavery. As such, Seneca made objection to behavior seen as particularly degrading such as corporal punishment and sexual exploitation of enslaved people, but not to the overall social system.

Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium
Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Latin for "Moral Letters to Lucilius"), also known as the Moral Epistles and Letters from a Stoic, is a letter collection of 124 extant letters that Seneca the Younger wrote at the end of his life, during his retirement, after he had worked for the Emperor Nero for more than ten years. They are addressed to Lucilius Junior, the then procurator of Sicily, who is known only through Seneca's writings.

The letters often begin with an observation on daily life, and then proceed to an issue or principle abstracted from that observation. The result is like a diary, or handbook of philosophical meditations. The letters focus on many traditional themes of Stoic philosophy such as the contempt of death, the stout-heartedness of the sage, and virtue as the supreme good.
Martin Daly (professor)
Martin Daly (born November 15, 1944) is an Emeritus Professor of Psychology at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and author of many influential papers on evolutionary psychology. His current research topics include an evolutionary perspective on risk-taking and interpersonal violence, especially male-male conflict and family violence. He and his wife, the late Margo Wilson, were formerly editors-in-chief of the journal Evolution and Human Behavior and presidents of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society.

He was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1998.

Daly is one of the main researchers of the Cinderella effect.

Human Behavior and Evolution Society
The Human Behavior and Evolution Society (HBES) is an interdisciplinary, international society of researchers, primarily from the social and biological sciences, who use modern evolutionary theory to help to discover human nature — including evolved emotional, cognitive and sexual adaptations.  It was founded on October 29, 1988 at the University of Michigan.

The official academic journal of the society is Evolution and Human Behavior, and the society has held annual conferences since 1989.

The membership is broadly international and consists of scholars from many fields, such as psychology, anthropology, medicine, law, philosophy, biology, economics and sociology.  Despite the diversity, HBES members "all speak the common language of Darwinism."
Arthur Evans
Sir Arthur John Evans FRS FBA FREng (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British archaeologist and pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age.

The first excavations at the Minoan palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete began in 1877. They were led by Cretan Greek Minos Kalokairinos, a native of Heraklion. Three weeks later Ottoman authorities forced him to stop (at the time, Crete was under Ottoman rule). Almost three decades later, Evans heard of Kalokairinos' discovery. With private funding, he bought the surrounding rural area including the palace land. Evans began his own excavations in 1900.

Based on the structures and artefacts found there and throughout the eastern Mediterranean, Evans found that he needed to distinguish the Minoan civilisation from Mycenaean Greece. Evans was also the first to define the Cretan scripts Linear A and Linear B, as well as an earlier pictographic writing.

Boars Hill
Boars Hill is a hamlet 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Oxford, straddling the boundary between the civil parishes of Sunningwell and Wootton. It consists of about 360 dwellings spread over an area of nearly two square miles as shown on this map from the long established Boars Hill Association.  Historically, it was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire.
Patrice Nisbett
Patrice Nisbett (born 1971 in St. James Parish, Nevis) is a Nevisian politician. He was Attorney General of Saint Kitts and Nevis and minister of justice from 2010 to 2013.
He was then appointed foreign minister of the federal government, and served until the elections of 2015.

He was an elected member of the National Assembly, representing the Nevis Reformation Party.

Attorney General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
The attorney general of Saint Kitts and Nevis is the primary legal advisor to the Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis. They are an elected or nominated ex-officio member of the National Assembly and member of the cabinet.

For attorneys general before 1958, see Attorney General of the Leeward Islands.
Laephotis
Laephotis (known as the African long-eared bat) is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. Species within this genus are:

Angolan long-eared bat (Laephotis angolensis)

Botswanan long-eared bat (Laephotis botswanae)

Cape serotine (Laephotis capensis)

East African serotine (Laephotis kirinyaga)

Isalo serotine (Laephotis malagasyensis)

Malagasy serotine (Laephotis matroka)

Namib long-eared bat (Laephotis namibensis)

Roberts's serotine (Laephotis robertsi)

Stanley's serotine (Laephotis stanleyi)

De Winton's long-eared bat (Laephotis wintoni)

Some species in this genus were formerly classified in Neoromicia before phylogenetic analysis placed them in Laephotis.

Cape serotine
The Cape serotine (Laephotis capensis) is a species of vesper bat occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. 'Serotine' is from Latin 'serotinus' meaning 'of the evening'.

It is found in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Djibouti.
Dorstbukta
Dorstbukta is a bay at Barentsøya, Svalbard. It is located at the northern coast of the island, between Frankenhalvøya and Besselsbreen. The bay is named after Franz Joseph Dorst, member of an Arctic expedition in 1869.

Barentsøya
Barentsøya, anglicized as Barents Island, is an Arctic island in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, lying between Edgeøya and Spitsbergen. To the north, in the sound between Barentsøya and Spitsbergen, lies the island of Kükenthaløya. To the south, the sound separating Barents Island from Edgeøya is Freemansundet.

Barentsøya has no permanent human inhabitants. It is part of the Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve and forms a habitat for several species, including polar bears and kittiwakes.
Garowe–Bosaso Highway
The Garowe–Bosaso Highway is a major thoroughfare in the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. It connects the administrative capital of Garowe with the commercial hub of Bosaso, a distance of around 450 km (279.1 mi).

Garoowe
Garowe (Somali: Garoowe, Arabic: غَاْرَّوْؤَيَ, Italian: Garoe) is the capital city of Puntland located in northeastern Somalia. It serves as the administrative center of the Nugal region and is known for its strategic importance. The city has experienced growth and development, hosting government institutions and providing essential services to its residents. Garowe is situated in a territory with a semi-arid climate, and its economy is influenced by trade, livestock, and agriculture.
Kamouraska-Témiscouata
Kamouraska-Témiscouata (French pronunciation: [kamuʁaska temiskwata]) is a former provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada that elected members to the National Assembly of Quebec. As of its final election, it included the municipalities of Kamouraska, La Pocatière, Saint-Athanase, Packington, Dégelis and Témiscouata-sur-le-Lac.

It was created for the 1973 election from Kamouraska and parts of L'Islet and Témiscouata.  Its final election was in 2008.  It was dissolved prior to the 2012 election and replaced by the Rivière-du-Loup–Témiscouata and Côte-du-Sud electoral districts.

Kamouraska (provincial electoral district)
Kamouraska (French pronunciation: [kamuʁaska] ⓘ) was a provincial electoral district in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada).  It disappeared in the 1939 election and its successor electoral district was Kamouraska-Rivière-du-Loup; however, Kamouraska-Rivière-du-Loup existed for only that one election and disappeared in 1944, and was replaced by the re-created Kamouraska.

Its final election was in 1970.  It disappeared in the 1973 election and its successor electoral district was Kamouraska-Témiscouata.
Hirak Rajar Deshe
Hirak Rajar Deshe (lit. 'In the country of the Diamond-King'; English title: "Kingdom of Diamonds") is an Indian Bengali-language epic satirical superhero film and a sequel to the 1969 anti-war fantasy musical Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (and the second installment of Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne series) directed by Satyajit Ray. In the film, the musicians Goopy and Bagha (who received magical powers in the first film) travel to the kingdom of the Diamond King, to find a sinister plot at work – subjects are being brainwashed by rewriting their thoughts with rhyming slogans.

Goopy–Bagha
Goopy–Bagha is a series of Indian Bengali fantasy adventure comedy films. The series is based on a story by Satyajit Ray's grandfather Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury. The first two films Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (1969) and its sequel Hirak Rajar Deshe (1980) were directed by Satyajit Ray, and the third, Gupi Bagha Phire Elo (1992), was directed by his son Sandip Ray. The trilogy starred Tapen Chatterjee and Rabi Ghosh as Goopy and Bagha, respectively. The 2013 Hindi-language animated film Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya was based on the story Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne. The film is directed by Shilpa Ranade.
Didessa River
The Didessa (pronounced: ɗeɗ:e:s:a; Oromo: Dhedheessa) is a river in western Ethiopia. A tributary of the Abay River, it rises in the mountains of Gomma, flowing in a northwesterly direction to its confluence where the course of the Abay has curved to its southernmost point before turning northwards. The Didessa's drainage area is about 25,800 km2 (10,000 sq mi), covering portions of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region and the West Welega Zone of the Oromia Region.

Tributaries on the right bank include the Enareya, Aet, Wama, and the Angar rivers; on the left side the most important tributary is the Dobana River. Exploring this river in the mid-1890s and from interviews with local inhabitants, Alexander Bulatovich asserted that downstream of its junction with the Angar, the Didessa is rapid-free and potentially navigable.

Hanger River
The Hanger (also transliterated Angar River) is a river in west central Ethiopia. It is a west-flowing tributary of the Didessa River, itself a tributary of the Blue Nile (also called the Abay River in Ethiopia). The Hanger enters the Didessa approximately halfway between the town of Nek'emte and the village of Cherari.

Tributaries of the Hanger include the Wajja, Alata, and Ukke rivers.

Portuguese missionary António Fernandes was the first European recorded to have seen the Hanger, crossing the river in 1613 as he sought a way south from Ethiopia to Malindi.
The First Game
The First Game is a painting by Arnold Friberg, and was commissioned in 1968 by the Chevrolet division of General Motors as one of four paintings to commemorate the then-upcoming centennial celebration of college football in the United States.

It depicts the famous first game of American intercollegiate football, played by Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) and the visiting College of New Jersey (by then more commonly known as Princeton College) on November 6, 1869, at College Field in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The game was played in front of 100 spectators, depicted in the picture in the background.

Friberg had some previous experience in advertising art, having taught the discipline at Utah University in the 1950s. He had also made a series of paintings to promote Cecil B. DeMille's film The Ten Commandments.

1869 Princeton vs. Rutgers football game
The 1869 Princeton vs. Rutgers football game was played between teams from Rutgers College, now Rutgers University, and the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University, on November 6, 1869. The rules governing play were based on the London-based Football Association's 1863 rules that disallowed carrying or throwing the ball making it the first intercollegiate soccer game in the United States. Additionally, because gridiron football developed from the rules of association football and rugby football, many also consider the game played on November 6 to be the first gridiron game and the first collegiate American football game. Rutgers won the game 6–4.
Ponza
Ponza (Italian: isola di Ponza [ˈiːzola di ˈpontsa]) is the largest island of the Italian Pontine Islands archipelago, located 33 km (21 mi) south of Cape Circeo in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is also the name of the commune of the island, a part of the province of Latina in the Lazio region.

Province of Latina
The province of Latina (Italian: provincia di Latina) is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. Its provincial capital is the city of Latina. It is bordered by the provinces of Frosinone to the northeast and by the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital to the northwest.

It has an area of 2,251 square kilometres (869 mi2) and a population of 561,189 (2012). The province contains comuni (sg.: comune).
Orthomorpha coarctata
Orthomorpha coarctata, the long-flange millipede, is a widely introduced species of Polydesmidan millipede of the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is presumed native to Southeast Asia but due to transport by humans occurs in tropical and sub-tropical areas throughout the world, including the Hawaiian Islands, the West Indies, Gulf Coast of North America, and the Galápagos Islands.

Paradoxosomatidae
Paradoxosomatidae, the only family in the suborder Paradoxosomatidea (also known as Strongylosomatidea), is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida.  Containing nearly 200 genera and 975 species as of 2013, it is one of the largest families of millipedes. Paradoxosomatids occur on all continents except Antarctica, and can generally be distinguished by dorsal grooves on most body segments and a dumb-bell shaped gonopod aperture. Notable groups within the Paradoxosomatidae include the dragon millipedes of Southeast Asia, and the widely introduced greenhouse millipede Oxidus gracilis.
Jacquetta of Luxembourg
Jacquetta of Luxembourg (1415/1416 – 30 May 1472) was a prominent figure in the Wars of the Roses. Through her short-lived first marriage to the Duke of Bedford, brother of King Henry V, she was firmly allied to the House of Lancaster. However, following the emphatic Lancastrian defeat at the Battle of Towton, she and her second husband Richard Woodville sided closely with the House of York. Three years after the battle and the accession of Edward IV of England, Jacquetta's eldest daughter Elizabeth Woodville married him and became queen consort of England. Jacquetta bore Woodville 14 children and stood trial on charges of witchcraft, of which she was exonerated.

Philippa Gregory
Philippa Gregory CBE (born 9 January 1954) is an English historical novelist who has been publishing since 1987. The best known of her works is The Other Boleyn Girl (2001), which in 2002 won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award from the Romantic Novelists' Association and has been adapted into two films.

AudioFile magazine has called Gregory "the queen of British historical fiction".
Plaxton Beaver
The Plaxton Beaver, originally known as the Reeve Burgess Beaver, is a minibus body built by Plaxton. It was built at the Pilsley, Derbyshire factory of Plaxton's Reeve Burgess subsidiary from 1987 to 1991, at Plaxton's main Scarborough factory from 1991, and from 1995 at Anston in South Yorkshire.

The Beaver has been built mainly on Mercedes-Benz van-derived minibus chassis such as the 709D and 811D, and was also built on the Renault S56 and S75 until 1992. Rare examples were also built on Iveco 49.10 chassis.

The Beaver 2, built on Mercedes-Benz Vario chassis, replaced the original Beaver in December 1996, and was still in production in 2007. In 2006 Plaxton launched the Beaver 3, the Beaver 2 body combined with the front end of a Plaxton Cheetah.

Mercedes-Benz buses
Mercedes-Benz has been producing buses since 1895 in Mannheim in Germany. Since 1995 Mercedes-Benz buses and coaches are known by the brand name of Daimler Buses (formerly EvoBus GmbH), a wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler Truck.
Church of Saint-Céneri-le-Gerei
The Church of Saint-Céneri-le-Gerei (French: Église Saint-Céneri-le-Gerei) is a Roman Catholic church named after Serenicus in the commune of Saint-Cénéri-le-Gérei in north-western France.  It was built in the late-11th and early-12th centuries. It is a listed monument since 1886.

Saint-Céneri-le-Gérei
Saint-Céneri-le-Gérei (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ sen(ə)ʁi lə ʒeʁɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.

It lies on the river Sarthe 13 km (8.1 mi) from Alençon, the chef-lieu of the department, and some 200 km (120 mi) west of Paris. It is classed as a Petites Cités de Caractère.
Sulayhid dynasty
The Sulayhid dynasty (Arabic: بَنُو صُلَيْح, romanized: Banū Ṣulayḥ, lit. 'Children of Sulayh') was an Ismaili Shi'ite Arab dynasty established in 1047 by Ali ibn Muhammad al-Sulayhi that ruled most of historical Yemen at its peak. The Sulayhids brought to Yemen peace and a prosperity unknown since Himyaritic times. The regime was confederate with the Cairo-based Fatimid Caliphate, and was a constant enemy of the Rassids - the Zaidi Shi'ite rulers of Yemen throughout its existence. The dynasty ended with Arwa al-Sulayhi affiliating to the Taiyabi Ismaili sect, as opposed to the Hafizi Ismaili sect that the other Ismaili dynasties such as the Zurayids and the Hamdanids adhered to.

Hafizi Isma'ilism
Hafizi Isma'ilism (Arabic: الحافظية, romanized: al-Ḥāfiẓiyya), also known as Majidi Isma'ilism (Arabic: المجيدية, romanized: al-Majīdiyya), was the branch of Musta'li Isma'ilism that emerged as a result of a split in 1132. The Hafizis accepted the Fatimid caliph Abd al-Majid al-Hafiz li-Din Allah (r. 1132–1149) and his successors as imams, while the rival Tayyibi branch rejected them as usurpers, favouring the succession of the imamate along the line of al-Hafiz's nephew, al-Tayyib.

The Hafizi sect lost state backing and gradually disappeared from public life after the abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171 and the conquest of the Fatimid-aligned dynasties of Yemen by the Ayyubid dynasty shortly after. The last remnants of the Hafizi sect are attested to in the 14th century in Egypt and Syria but the sect had disappeared by the 15th century.