hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Progress testing
Progress tests are longitudinal, feedback-oriented educational assessment tools for the evaluation of development and sustainability of cognitive knowledge during a learning process. A progress test is a written knowledge exam (usually involving multiple choice questions) that is usually administered to all students in the "A" program at the same time and at regular intervals (usually twice to four times yearly) throughout the entire academic program. The test samples the complete knowledge domain expected of new graduates upon completion of their courses, regardless of the year level of the student). The differences between students’ knowledge levels show in the test scores; the further a student has progressed in the curriculum the higher the scores. As a result, these resultant scores provide a longitudinal, repeated measures, curriculum-independent assessment of the objectives (in knowledge) of the entire programme.

Medical education
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, including the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school and internship) and additional training thereafter (e.g., residency, fellowship, and continuing medical education).

Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been used in medical education, which is an active area of educational research.

Medical education is also the subject-didactic academic field of educating medical doctors at all levels, including entry-level, post-graduate, and continuing medical education. Specific requirements such as entrustable professional activities must be met before moving on in stages of medical education.
John Fiske (philosopher)
John Fiske (March 30, 1842 – July 4, 1901) was an American philosopher and historian. He was heavily influenced by Herbert Spencer and applied Spencer's concepts of evolution to his own writings on linguistics, philosophy, religion, and history.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Päijät-Häme
Päijät-Häme (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpæi̯j(ː)æt̪ˌhæme̞(ʔ)]; Swedish: Päijänne-Tavastland) is a region in Southern Finland south of the lake Päijänne. It borders the regions of Uusimaa, Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Central Finland, South Savo and Kymenlaakso. The biggest city in the region is Lahti.

Päijät-Häme boasts a landscape shaped by two key features. Finland's second-largest, Lake Päijänne, dominates the region, offering a vast freshwater expanse and a vital transportation route. The Salpausselkä ridge, a glacial remnant, adds a touch of elevation and scenic variation. Beyond these, Päijät-Häme features extensive coniferous forests. Rolling hills provide scenic views, while numerous smaller lakes and rivers create a network of waterways.

Southern Finland Province
Southern Finland (Finnish: Etelä-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Södra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Western Finland and Eastern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Finland and Russia.
Nerskaya
The Nerskaya (Russian: Не́рская) is a river in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Moskva. It is 92 km in length, with a drainage basin of 1,510 km². Its average discharge is 8.3 m³/s.

The town of Kurovskoye is on the Nerskaya.

Ponor, Volnaya, Guslitsa, Sechenka and Sushenka are tributaries of the Nerskaya.

Guslitsa (river)
The Guslitsa (Russian: Гу́слица), also known as Guslyanka (Гусля́нка) is a river in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Nerskaya (Moskva tributary). It is 36 kilometres (22 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 368 square kilometres (142 sq mi). Source near the city of Yegoryevsk. Flows all over again on the North, and then on the West, running in the Nerskaya at the village Khoteichi. The upper reaches of the Guslitsa River up to village Ilyinsky Pogost are densely populated and almost without forest. The river has flat type. A feed mainly snow. Guslitsa freezes in November — the beginning of December, it is opened in the end of March — April.

Main tributaries: Desna, Shuvoyka, Silenka.

The city of Yegoryevsk and the villages of Ilyinsky Pogost and Slobodishche are situated on the Guslitsa River.

The river Guslitsa gave its name to the historical area Guslitsa.
Admiral of the North
The Admiral of the North also known as Admiral of the Northern Seas and Admiral of the Northern Fleet   was a senior English Navy appointment. The Admiral was chiefly responsible for the command of the navy's fleet that operated in the North Sea and off the English coast out of Yarmouth from 1294 to 1412.

Admiral of the North and West
The Admiral of the North and West or Admiral of the North and Western Fleets was a former senior appointment of the English Navy. The post holder was Commander-in-Chief of the English navy's North and Western Fleets operating in the North Sea, the English Channel, the Southern Irish Sea and Atlantic from 1364 to 1414.
Mina Loy
Mina Loy (born Mina Gertrude Löwy; 27 December 1882 – 25 September 1966) was a British artist, writer, poet, playwright, novelist, painter, designer of lamps, and bohemian. She was one of the last of the first-generation modernists to achieve posthumous recognition. Her poetry was admired by T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Basil Bunting, Gertrude Stein, Francis Picabia, and Yvor Winters, among others.

Basil Bunting
Basil Cheesman Bunting (1 March 1900 – 17 April 1985) was a British modernist poet whose reputation was established with the publication of Briggflatts in 1966, generally regarded as one of the major achievements of the modernist tradition in English. He had a lifelong interest in music that led him to emphasise the sonic qualities of poetry, particularly the importance of reading poetry aloud: he was an accomplished reader of his own work.
Endurance Glacier
Endurance Glacier is a broad glacier north of Mount Elder, draining south-east to the south coast of Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica, and is the main discharge glacier on the island. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after HMS Endurance (Captain P.W. Buchanan, Royal Navy), which anchored off the glacier on several occasions in support of the Joint Services Expedition to Elephant Island, 1970–71.

Mount Elder
Mount Elder is a 940-metre (3,080 ft) mountain lying between Endurance Glacier and Mount Pendragon on Elephant Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Captain John P. Elder, Royal Engineers, surveyor of the U.K. Joint Services Expedition to Elephant Island in 1970–71.
Roma Party
The Roma Party (Serbian: Ромска партија, romanized: Romska Partija, RP) is a political party in Serbia representing the Romani minority.

Founded in 2003, the party is registered as a political party of the Romani minority. The party president is Srđan Šajn.

Romani people in Serbia
Romani people, or Roma, are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, they are the fourth largest ethnic group in the country, numbering 131,936 and constituting 2% of the total population. However, owing to various factors, the census figure likely underrepresents the actual population.

Another name used for the Romani people is Cigani (Serbian: Цигани, lit. 'Gypsies'), although the term is today considered pejorative and is not officially used in public documents.
Südheide Nature Park
The Südheide Nature Park ("Southern Heath Nature Park", German: Naturpark Südheide) is a large protected area of forest and heathland in the southern part of the Lüneburg Heath in North Germany. It has been designated as a protected nature park since 1964.

Hermannsburg
Hermannsburg (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁmansˌbʊʁk]) is a village and a former municipality in the Celle district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 January 2015 it is part of the municipality Südheide. It has been a state-recognised resort town since 1971. It is situated on the river Örtze, about 15 kilometres east of Bergen and 30 kilometres north of Celle. It belongs to the district of Celle.
Tha Chin River
The Tha Chin River (Thai: แม่น้ำท่าจีน, RTGS: Maenam Tha Chin, pronounced [mɛ̂ːnáːm tʰâː tɕīːn]) is a distributary of the Chao Phraya River, in Thailand. It splits in the province of Chai Nat and then flows west from the Chao Phraya through the central plains, until it empties into the Gulf of Thailand in Samut Sakhon province.

Gulf of Thailand
The Gulf of Thailand, historically known as the Gulf of Siam, is a shallow inlet adjacent to the southwestern South China Sea, bounded between the southwestern shores of Mainland Southeast Asia and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula. It is around 800 km (500 mi) in length and up to 560 km (350 mi) in width, and has a surface area of 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi). The gulf is surrounded on the north, west and southwest by the coastlines of Thailand; on the northeast by Cambodia; and the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. It opens to the South China Sea in the southeast.
Huasteca
La Huasteca (Nahuatl languages: Cuextecapan) is a geographical and cultural region located partially along the Gulf of Mexico and including parts of the states of Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Hidalgo and San Luis Potosí. It is roughly defined as the area in which the Huastec people had influence when their civilization was at its height during the Mesoamerican period. Today, the Huastecs occupy only a fraction of this region with the Nahua people now the most numerous indigenous group. However, those who live in the region share a number of cultural traits such as a style of music and dance, along with religious festivals such as Xantolo.

Huejutla de Reyes
Huejutla de Reyes is a city and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. The name comes from the Nahuatl huexotl ("willow") and tlan ("place"), while "de Reyes" commemorates local cobbler Antonio Reyes Cabrera who died defending Huejutla from French invaders in 1866.

The municipality covers an area of 377.8 km2 in the northeast of Hidalgo, in the Huasteca region, on the border with the state of Veracruz. As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 115,786. but only 36,305 live in the metropolitan area, whereas the remaining population live in various small communities. Around 73,200 people speak indigenous languages, primarily Huasteca Nahuatl.

It has been called "the Heart of La Huasteca".
Archdiocese of Vilnius
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Vilnius (Latin: Archidioecesis Vilnensis; Lithuanian: Vilniaus arkivyskupija) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Lithuania. Established as the Diocese of Vilnius in the 14th century, it was elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 28 October 1925. It has two suffragan sees of Kaišiadorys and Panevėžys.

The archdiocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its archbishop is Cathedral-Basilica of St. Stanislaus and St. Ladislaus in Vilnius; it also houses a minor basilica in Trakai. The current archbishop of Vilnius is Gintaras Grušas. He is assisted by auxiliary bishops Arūnas Poniškaitis and Darius Trijonis.

Diocese of Kaišiadorys
The Diocese of Kaišiadorys (Latin: Kaisiadorensis) is a Latin Catholic diocese located in the city of Kaišiadorys in the Ecclesiastical Province of Vilnius in Lithuania. It was established on 4 April 1926 from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Vilnius.
Hokusei Chūō Kōenguchi Station
Hokusei Chūō Kōenguchi Station (北勢中央公園口駅, Hokusei Chūō Kōenguchi-eki)  is a passenger railway station located in the city of Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Sangi Railway.

Yokkaichi
Yokkaichi (四日市市, Yokkaichi-shi) is a city located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2025, the city had an estimated population of 305,279 in 147,185 households and a population density of 1,478.3 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 206.50 square kilometres (79.73 sq mi).
La Belle Sauvage
La Belle Sauvage is a fantasy novel by Philip Pullman published in 2017. It is the first volume of a trilogy titled The Book of Dust and is set twelve years before Pullman's His Dark Materials. It presents events prior to the arrival of the six-month-old Lyra Belacqua at Jordan College, Oxford.

Dust (His Dark Materials)
In Philip Pullman's trilogies His Dark Materials and The Book of Dust, Dust or  Rusakov particles are  particles associated with consciousness that are integral to the plot. In the multiverse in which these trilogies are set, Dust is attracted to consciousness, especially after puberty; the Church within the series associates Dust with original sin and seeks its end. Pullman described Dust in an interview as "an analogy of consciousness, and consciousness is this extraordinary property we have as human beings".
Mściszewo
Mściszewo [mɕt͡ɕiˈʂɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

Mściszewo is spread over quite an extensive area. It includes farms, a sand quarry, and both modern and older residential areas. The village has a volunteer fire brigade, and formerly had a school (1917–1976). Its first mention in written records dates from 1388. The village formerly belonged to the Cistercian convent at Owińska.

It is close to the Warta river, and includes the area of the former village of Goślinka or Mała Goślina ("Little Goślina"), a little south of the point where the Trojanka (or Goślinka) stream joins the Warta. South of this, along the road leading to Promnice, is the settlement of Złotoryjsko.

Złotoryjsko
Złotoryjsko [zwɔtɔˈrɨi̯skɔ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is close to the Warta river, between Mściszewo and Promnice.
Chicago Mustangs (2012–present)
The Chicago Mustangs are professional indoor soccer teams based at the Now Arena in the Chicago suburb of Hoffman Estates, Illinois, that plays in Major League Indoor Soccer.

They are also competing outdoors as members of the Midwest Premier League and their women's team in United Women's Soccer.

Major Arena Soccer League
The Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) is a professional indoor soccer league in North America. The MASL features teams playing coast-to-coast in the United States and Mexico. The league is the highest level of arena soccer in North America. The league draws talent from a global talent pool with players from Major League Soccer (MLS), Liga MX, and many national teams. With a new management team, the league has grown in popularity and commercially. Former USMNT and MLS star Landon Donovan played in the MASL, as do multiple international players.
Cape Town Spurs F.C.
Cape Town Spurs F.C. (formerly known as Ajax Cape Town) is a South African professional football club based in Parow in the city of Cape Town that plays in the National First Division. Dutch Eredivisie club AFC Ajax was their parent club and majority shareholder after a merger of both Cape Town Spurs and Seven Stars in January 1999 until selling its shares in September 2020. After the Ajax Amsterdam partnership ended the club resurrected the name Cape Town Spurs.

The club's motto of 'Our Youth Our Future' indicates the strong emphasis on youth development at Cape Town Spurs.

1995 NSL First Division
The 1995 NSL First Division was the 11th edition of the National Soccer League First Division. The competition was won by Cape Town Spurs, coached by Mich d'Avray, who won the double by also winning the 1995 Bob Save Superbowl.
Open End (sculpture)
Open End is an abstract public art sculpture by Clement Meadmore. The 11-foot-high (3.4 m), 5-short-ton (4.5 t) curved metal beam is located on the grounds of St. Xavier High School in Springfield Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It was previously located in downtown Cincinnati.

St. Xavier High School (Ohio)
St. Xavier High School (/ˈzeɪvjər/ ZAY-vyər; often abbreviated St. X) is a private, college-preparatory high school located just outside of Cincinnati, in the Finneytown neighborhood of Springfield Township, Hamilton County, Ohio. The independent, non-diocesan school is operated by the Midwest Province of the Society of Jesus as one of four all-male Catholic high schools in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. Aside from colleges and universities, St. Xavier is the second-largest private school in Ohio and one of the 100 largest schools in the state, with 1,415 enrolled students as of the 2025-2026 school year.

St. Xavier is the oldest high school in the Cincinnati area and one of the oldest in the nation. It grew out of the Athenaeum, which opened in 1831 in downtown Cincinnati. From 1869 to 1934, the high school program formed the lower division of St. Xavier College, now Xavier University. The high school moved to its present location in 1960.
Fort Knox (Maine)
Fort Knox, now Fort Knox State Park or Fort Knox State Historic Site, is located on the western bank of the Penobscot River in the town of Prospect, Maine, about 5 miles (8.0 km) from the mouth of the river. Built between 1844 and 1869, it was the first fort in Maine built entirely of granite; most previous forts used wood, earth, and stone. It is named after Major General Henry Knox, the first U.S. Secretary of War and Commander of Artillery during the American Revolutionary War, who at the end of his life lived not far away in Thomaston. As a virtually intact example of a mid-19th century granite coastal fortification, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 and declared a National Historic Landmark on December 30, 1970. Fort Knox also serves as the entry site for the observation tower of the Penobscot Narrows Bridge that opened to the public in 2007.

Bucksport, Maine
Bucksport is a historical town in Hancock County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,944 at the 2020 census. Bucksport is across the Penobscot River estuary from Fort Knox and the Penobscot Narrows Bridge, which replaced the Waldo–Hancock Bridge.
Brill–Zinsser disease
Brill–Zinsser disease is a delayed relapse of epidemic typhus, caused by Rickettsia prowazekii. After a patient contracts epidemic typhus from the fecal matter of an infected louse (Pediculus humanus), the rickettsia can remain latent and reactivate months or years later, with symptoms similar to or even identical to the original attack of typhus, including a maculopapular rash.

Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacilliform bacteria of class Alphaproteobacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for R. prowazekii is the flying squirrel. R. prowazekii is often surrounded by a protein microcapsular layer and slime layer; the natural life cycle of the bacterium generally involves a vertebrate and an invertebrate host, usually an arthropod, typically the human body louse. A form of R. prowazekii that exists in the feces of arthropods remains stably infective for months. R. prowazekii also appears to be the closest semi-free-living relative of mitochondria, based on genome sequencing.
Stinger (1983 video game)
Stinger is a 1983 horizontally scrolling shooter video game released by Seibu Denshi for arcades. It was the first game released by this company. Despite the horizontal scrolling, the game has a vertically oriented screen. On July 24, 2025, the game was ported to Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 as part of the Arcade Archives series.

Seibu Kaihatsu
Seibu Kaihatsu Inc. (有限会社 セイブ開発, yūgen kaisha seibu kaihatsu) was a Japanese manufacturer of arcade games. The company was founded in 1982 at Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan as Seibu Denshi Inc. (有限会社セイブ電子), but changed to its current name sometime in 1984. It is currently owned by Hitoshi Hamada.
2023 Citrus Bowl
The 2023 Citrus Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 2, 2023, at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The 77th annual Citrus Bowl, the game featured the LSU Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the Purdue Boilermakers of the Big Ten Conference. The game began at 1:08 p.m. EST and was aired on ABC. It was one of the 2022–23 bowl games concluding the 2022 FBS football season. LSU won 63–7. The 56-point margin tied the 2008 GMAC Bowl and 2018 Armed Forces Bowl for the largest bowl game margin at the time; that record was surpassed seven days later when Georgia mauled TCU 65–7 in the CFP national championship game.

On November 15, 2022, Kellogg's, the parent company of the Cheez-It brand which already sponsored the Cheez-It Bowl at Camping World Stadium, announced it had also purchased sponsorship rights to the Citrus Bowl, making it officially the Cheez-It Citrus Bowl.

2022–23 NCAA football bowl games
The 2022–23 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football games played to complete the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Team-competitive games began in mid-December and concluded with the 2023 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 9, 2023, which was won by the Georgia Bulldogs. The all-star portion of the schedule began on January 14 and concluded on February 25, 2023.
Iris subg. Hermodactyloides
The subgenus Hermodactyloides of Iris includes all reticulate-bulbed bulbous irises. It was formerly named as a genus, Iridodictyum by Rodionenko in 1961. but it was not widely accepted and most botanists preferred 'Hermodactyloides'.

Édouard Spach named the genus in 1846.  The word 'Hermodactyloides' comes from 'Hermes' , a Greek God, and 'daktylos' - finger. The name for the subgenus is very similar to Hermodactylus (the former name for Iris tuberosa), which was originally a separate genus to irises, but in 2001 was re-classified to be within the Hermodactyloides sub-genus.

Most species are native to central Europe and central Asia. They mostly have one or two long leaves and flower in early spring.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.