hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lothar Baier
Lothar Baier (16 May 1942 – 11 July 2004) was a German author, publisher, translator and co-founder of the Literary periodical Text+Kritik.

Baier was born in Karlsruhe.
He was accepted as one of the most profound German thinkers of the Francophone World and was recognized with the 1982 Jean Améry Prize for Essayists and with the 2003 Gerrit Engelke Prize.  Baier published amongst others in the Merkur, in the Kursbuch and in the Deutschlandfunk and was for many years the editor of the Die Wochenzeitung (WOZ) in Zürich.

On 11 July 2004, Baier committed suicide in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Jean Améry
Jean Améry (31 October 1912 – 17 October 1978), born Hans Chaim Maier, was an Austrian-born essayist who wrote about his experiences surviving the Holocaust. His most celebrated work, At the Mind's Limits: Contemplations by a Survivor on Auschwitz and Its Realities (1966), suggests that torture was "the essence" of the Third Reich. Other notable works included On Aging (1968) and On Suicide: A Discourse on Voluntary Death (1976). He adopted the pseudonym Jean Améry after 1945. Améry died by suicide in 1978.

Formerly a philosophy and literature student in Vienna, Améry's participation in organized resistance against the Nazi occupation of Belgium resulted in his detainment and torture by the German Gestapo at Fort Breendonk, and several years of imprisonment in concentration camps. Améry survived internments in Auschwitz and Buchenwald, and was finally liberated at Bergen-Belsen in 1945. After the war he settled in Belgium.
Miss Grand Korea 2018
Miss Grand Korea 2018 (Korean: 2018 미스 그랜드 코리아) was the second edition of the Miss Grand Korea pageant, held on August 30, 2018, at the Dinozze Convention (디노체 컨벤션), Seongdong, Seoul. Twenty-two contestants, who qualified for the national round through the regional preliminaries, competed for the title. Of whom, Choi Min of Seongnam was announced the winner (진), while Park Na-yeon of Goyang was elected the vice-miss (선).

Choi Min later represented South Korea at the Miss Grand International 2018 pageant in Myanmar but was unplaced. In addition to the pageant title, Choi Min was also assumed ambassador of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) to promote peace in the Korean peninsula.

Miss Grand Korea
Miss Grand Korea (Korean: 미스 그랜드 코리아) is a lower concept of Miss Grand International that is held annually as a national female beauty pageant in Korea since 2020. This pageant is to select the representative for Korea to Miss Grand International, which is a pageant promoting World Peace and is against all violent conflicts.

The current Miss Grand Korea titleholder is Kim Gyuri of Seoul. Kim was crowned Miss Grand Korea on June 20, 2025.
Dalbello
Lisa Concetta Dal Bello (born 22 May 1959), also known as Dalbello, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She released three albums in the pop and pop/rock genre in her late teens, from 1977 through 1981 under her full name. In 1984, she re-emerged as Dalbello, with an edgier brand of alternative rock.

Juno Awards of 1978
The Juno Awards of 1978, representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year, were awarded on 29 March 1978 in Toronto at a ceremony hosted for a second consecutive year by David Steinberg at the Harbour Castle Hilton Convention Centre. A 2-hour broadcast of the ceremonies was available nationally on CBC Television. 1500 people were present at the ceremonies.

At a news conference following the awards, on 31 March 1978, Stompin' Tom Connors announced he would return his Juno trophies to awards organiser CARAS as a protest against rewarding "Juno jumpers" or artists who do not maintain a residence or presence in Canada. Connors earlier withdrew his nomination as Country Male Vocalist of the Year.
Christopher Dorling
Christopher Dorling is the co-founder of Dorling Kindersley, a publishing company, along with Peter Kindersley. He was educated at Leighton Park School. He retired from the company in 1987, but remained a board member as of 1999.

Leighton Park School
Leighton Park School is a co-educational private school for day and boarding pupils in Reading in South East England. Founded in 1890 as a Quaker school, its ethos remains closely aligned with Quaker values. The school describes its core values as “The Stripes”, defined as simplicity, truth, respect, integrity, peace, equality and sustainability. It is one of the 10 Quaker schools in the UK.
Cubic surface
In mathematics, a cubic surface is a surface in 3-dimensional space defined by one polynomial equation of degree 3. Cubic surfaces are fundamental examples in algebraic geometry. The theory is simplified by working in projective space rather than affine space, and so cubic surfaces are generally considered in projective 3-space . The theory also becomes more uniform by focusing on surfaces over the complex numbers rather than the real numbers; note that a complex surface has real dimension 4. A simple example is the Fermat cubic surface

in . Many properties of cubic surfaces hold more generally for del Pezzo surfaces.

Ludwig Schläfli
Ludwig Schläfli (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈluːdvɪɡ ˈʃlɛːfli]; 15 January 1814 – 20 March 1895) was a Swiss mathematician, specialising in geometry and complex analysis (at the time called function theory) who was one of the key figures in developing the notion of higher-dimensional spaces.
Caesar (cocktail)
A Caesar  is a cocktail created and consumed primarily in Canada. It typically contains vodka, Clamato, hot sauce, and Worcestershire sauce, and is served with ice in a large, celery salt-rimmed glass, typically garnished with a stalk of celery and wedge of lime. What distinguishes it from a Bloody Mary is the inclusion of clam broth. The cocktail may also be contrasted with the Michelada, which has similar flavouring ingredients but uses beer instead of vodka.

Michelada
A michelada (Spanish pronunciation: [mitʃeˈlaða]) is a Mexican drink made with beer, lime juice, assorted sauces (often chili-based), spices, and chili peppers. It is served in a chilled, salt-rimmed glass. There are numerous variations of this beverage throughout Mexico.

In Mexico City, the most common form is prepared with beer, lime, salt, and particular hot sauces or chile slices. There are several other optional ingredients, such as Maggi sauce, soy sauce, Tajín, Worcestershire sauce, chamoy powder, serrano peppers, or clamato.
Snakehead (fish)
The snakeheads are members of the freshwater perciform fish family Channidae, native to parts of Africa and Asia. These elongated, predatory fish are distinguished by their long dorsal fins, large mouths, and shiny teeth. They breathe air with gills, which allows them to migrate short distances over land. They have suprabranchial organs, which are primitive forms of labyrinth organs, that develop when they grow older. The two extant genera are Channa in Asia and Parachanna in Africa, consisting of more than 50 species.

They are valuable as a food source and have become notorious as an intentionally released invasive species. These fish have been kept as pets but as they get larger, people let them go into ponds, lakes, and rivers, making these fish invasive.

Northern snakehead
The northern snakehead (Channa argus) is a species of snakehead fish native to temperate East Asia, in China, Russia, North Korea, and South Korea. Their natural range goes from the Amur River watershed in Siberia and Manchuria down to Hainan. It is an important food fish and one of the most cultivated in its native region, with 510,000 tonnes annual production worldwide. Due to this, the northern snakehead has been exported throughout the world and has managed to establish non-native populations in Central Asia and North America. In the United States, it is found in Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Arkansas, Missouri, and Mississippi.
Spirotryprostatin B
Spirotryprostatin B is an indolic alkaloid found in the Aspergillus fumigatus fungus that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines.  Spirotryprostatin B and several other indolic alkaloids (including Spirotryprostatin A, as well as other tryprostatins and cyclotryprostatins) have been found to have anti-mitotic properties, and as such they have become of great interest as anti-cancer drugs.  Because of this, the total syntheses of these compounds is a major pursuit of organic chemists, and a number of different syntheses have been published in the chemical literature.

2,5-Diketopiperazine
2,5-Diketopiperazine is an organic compound with the formula (NHCH2C(O))2. The compound features a six-membered ring containing two amide groups at opposite positions in the ring.  It was  first compound containing a peptide bond to be characterized by X-ray crystallography in 1938.  It is the parent of a large class of 2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs)
with the formula (NHCH2(R)C(O))2 (R = H, CH3, etc.). They are ubiquitous peptides in nature. They are often found in fermentation broths and yeast cultures as well as embedded in larger more complex architectures in a variety of natural products as well as several drugs.  In addition, they are often produced as degradation products of polypeptides, especially in processed foods and beverages. They have also been identified in the contents of comets.
1999 Indy Lights season
The 1999 CART PPG/Dayton Indy Lights Championship consisted of 12 races. Oriol Servià was the series champion despite not winning a race.

All teams used the Lola T97/20-Buick spec car.

The scoring system was 20-16-14-12-10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1 points awarded to the first 12 (twelve) finishers, with 1 (one) extra point given to the driver who took pole-position, and another extra point given to the driver who led most laps in the race.

Oriol Servià
Oriol Servià Imbers (born 13 July 1974) is a Spanish former racing driver who competed most notably in the IndyCar Series. He raced for Dragon Racing in the 2014–15 Formula E season, and left the series prior to the 2015 Miami ePrix to become managing director for the technical and commercial partnerships of Dragon Racing. Servià holds a degree in mechanical engineering from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. Since 2018 he also serves as pace car driver at IndyCar races outside the Indianapolis 500.
GNU Autotools
The GNU Autotools, also known as the GNU Build System, is a suite of build automation tools designed to support building source code and packaging the resulting binaries. It supports building a codebase for multiple target systems without customizing or modifying the code. It is available on many Linux distributions and Unix-like environments.

Autotools is part of the GNU toolchain and is widely used in many free software and open source packages.  Its component tools are free software, licensed under the GNU General Public License with special license exceptions permitting its use with proprietary software.

GNU toolchain
The GNU toolchain is a broad collection of programming tools produced by the GNU Project. These tools form a toolchain (a suite of tools used in a serial manner) used for developing software applications and operating systems.

The GNU toolchain plays a vital role in development of Linux, some BSD systems, and software for embedded systems. Parts of the GNU toolchain are also directly used with or ported to other platforms such as Solaris, macOS, Microsoft Windows (via Cygwin and MinGW/MSYS/WSL2), Sony PlayStation Portable (used by PSP modding scene) and Sony PlayStation 3.
Lupinus affinis
Lupinus affinis is a species of lupine known by the common name fleshy lupine. It is native to the California Coast Ranges from the San Francisco Bay Area north, and into southern Oregon, where it is an uncommon member of the flora in several areas.

Lupinus
Lupinus, commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in North Africa and the Mediterranean. They are widely cultivated both as a food source and as ornamental plants, but are invasive to some areas. For instance, lupine has become an ecological problem in Iceland since the beginning of the 21st century.
Stereoscopic video coding
3D video coding is one of the processing stages required to manifest stereoscopic content into a home. There are three techniques which are used to achieve stereoscopic video:

Color shifting (anaglyph)

Pixel subsampling (side-by-side, checkerboard, quincunx)

Enhanced video stream coding (2D+Delta, 2D+Metadata, 2D plus depth)

3D television
3D television (3DTV) is television that conveys depth perception to the viewer by employing techniques such as stereoscopic display, multi-view display, or any other form of 3D display. Most modern 3D television sets use an active shutter 3D system or a polarized 3D system, and some are autostereoscopic without the need of glasses. As of 2017, most 3D TV sets and services are no longer available from manufacturers.
Julussdalen
Julussdalen is a small valley in Innlandet county, Norway. The valley runs through Elverum Municipality and Åmot Municipality as it follows the river Julussa, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the village of Rena. There are scattered settlements in the valley, especially in the lower part in Elverum. Julussdalen has many historic farms with cabins, mills, and mountain pastures.

Åmot Municipality
Åmot is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rena. Other villages in the municipality include Åsta, Osneset, and Snippen.

The 1,340-square-kilometre (520 sq mi) municipality is the 72nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Åmot is the 200th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,205. The municipality's population density is 3.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Comastoma
Comastoma is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gentianaceae.

Its native range is Temperate Asia to Himalaya.

Species:

Comastoma cyananthiflorum (Franch.) Holub

Comastoma dechyanum (Sommier & Levier) Holub

Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 105 genera and about 1650 species. Species in this family inhabit every continent except the antarctic, and have been used around the world for centuries as traditional medicine.
1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Sistan and Baluchestan province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Sistan and Baluchestan Province with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide the two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.

Both candidates who won the election belonged to the Sunni Baloch community in the province. The Shia cleric supported by the Islamic Republican Party was defeated.

1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Convention elections were held in Iran on 3 and 4 August 1979. The result was a victory for the Islamic Republican Party. There were 10,784,932 votes cast in the elections, marking 51.71% turnout. Of all members elected, 68% were clerics.

The new constitution drawn up by the body was approved by the voters in a referendum in December.
Drew McDonald (basketball)
Drew McDonald (born September 9, 1996) is an American former basketball player. He played college basketball for the Northern Kentucky Norse. McDonald was named the conference's Player of the Year in 2019.

Born in the Cincinnati area to a high school basketball coach and growing up in the suburb of Cold Spring, Kentucky, McDonald was lightly recruited by NCAA Division I programs and unranked by recruiting services despite being a finalist for Kentucky's Mr. Basketball award at Newport Central Catholic High School. In four seasons at Northern Kentucky University (NKU), he has become the school's all-time leader in points and rebounds, and has also been called "the on-court catalyst ushering in the Division I era of Norse Athletics" by Premier Sports Management, the administrator of the annual Senior CLASS Awards in multiple NCAA sports.

Newport Central Catholic High School
Newport Central Catholic High School (abbreviated NewCath or NCC) is a coeducational private secondary school in Newport, Kentucky, and part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington.  It is located in the center of Newport overlooking the Cincinnati skyline and Ohio Valley.  The school is housed in a building opened in 1955 for the all-boys Newport Catholic High School, which was founded in 1929 as the effective successor to another all-boys high school established in 1896.

Present-day Newport Central Catholic was founded in 1983 when Newport Catholic High merged with the all-girls Our Lady of Providence Academy, which had been founded as the Academy of Notre Dame de Providence in 1903. it serves students in grades 9–12 in the Northern Kentucky area, mostly from Campbell County. The mascot is the Thoroughbred, and the school colors are royal blue and gold. NCC is a member of the National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA).
Listed buildings in Dacre, Cumbria
Dacre is a civil parish ink Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It contains 68 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, three are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, five are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Dacre, Stainton, Great Blencow, and Newbiggin and the surrounding countryside.  Unusual listed features in the parish include three folly farmhouses built to resemble forts for the 11th Duke of Norfolk, and the Dacre Bears, four statues of bears in the churchyard of St Andrew's Church.  Most of the other listed buildings are houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  Other listed structures include a church and items in the churchyard, bridges, a public house, a monument, a boundary stone, a block of limekilns, and a telephone kiosk.

Newbiggin, Dacre
Newbiggin is a small village in Cumbria, North West England. It is in the Dacre civil parish about 3 mi (4.8 km) west of Penrith. It lies at 750 ft (230 m) sheltered from the prevailing south-westerly wind by Flusco Pike, 150 ft (46 m) higher.
It is described as a "non-nucleated village," lying for a mile along either side of the C3019 between the A66 and the B5288.
There are at least six other villages in Cumbria with the same name, which is derived from the Old English ‘new biggin', or new house. Locally this village is referred to as the "Stainton Newbiggin," to distinguish it from the others.
Maeda Toshimasa (1578)
Maeda Toshimasa (前田利政,  1578 – August 18, 1633) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period to the early Edo period, belonging to the Maeda clan. He was the second son of Maeda Toshiie and Maeda Matsu.

Maeda clan
The Maeda clan (前田氏, Maeda-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan who occupied most of the Hokuriku region of central Honshū from the end of the Sengoku period through the Meiji Restoration of 1868. The Maeda claimed descent from the Sugawara clan through Sugawara no Kiyotomo and Sugawara no Michizane in the eighth and ninth centuries; however, the line of descent is uncertain. The Maeda rose to prominence as daimyō of Kaga Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate, which was second only to the Tokugawa clan in kokudaka (land value).
James Mtume
James Forman (January 3, 1946 – January 9, 2022), known professionally as Mtume or James Mtume, was an American jazz and R&B musician, songwriter, record producer, activist, and radio personality.

He came to prominence as a jazz musician, working with Miles Davis between 1971 and 1975. Mtume's R&B group, also called Mtume, is best known for the 1983 R&B hit song "Juicy Fruit", which has been repeatedly sampled, most notably by The Notorious B.I.G. on his hit "Juicy". Mtume the band also had a top-five R&B hit with the single "You, Me, and He".

Donny Hathaway
Donny Edward Hathaway (October 1, 1945 – January 13, 1979) was an American soul singer, keyboardist, songwriter, backing vocalist, and arranger who Rolling Stone described as a "soul legend". His most popular songs include "The Ghetto", "This Christmas", "Someday We'll All Be Free", and "Little Ghetto Boy". Hathaway is also renowned for his renditions of "A Song for You", "For All We Know", "Jealous Guy" and "I Love You More Than You'll Ever Know", along with "Where Is the Love" and "The Closer I Get to You", two of many collaborations with Roberta Flack. He has been inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame and won one Grammy Award from four nominations. Hathaway was also posthumously honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2019. Dutch director David Kleijwegt made a documentary called Mister Soul – A Story About Donny Hathaway, which premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam on January 28, 2020.
Lykes Brothers Steamship Company
Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., also called Lykes Lines, was a cargo shipping company acting from the beginning of the 20th century to 2005 having its main business in the trade to and from the United States.

SS Cape Mohican (T-AKR-5065)
SS Cape Mohican (T-AKR-5065) was a steam turbine powered heavy-lift Seabee barge carrier, one of two ships of her type in the Military Sealift Command's Ready Reserve Force. Cape Mohican was activated for service during Operation Desert Storm, and performed various transportation duties over the years. She was berthed at Port of Oakland, California as part of the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF). Regular maintenance and sea trials kept her ready to activate on five days' notice.

Cape Mohican was the source of a 1996 spill of 40,000 US gallons (150,000 L; 950 bbl) of heavy fuel oil in San Francisco Bay causing $3.625 million in natural resources damages.

On 9 July 2021, Cape Mohican was taken by a tugboat out of San Francisco Bay, on her way via the Panama Canal to Texas, after being sold for scrap.
Solvay Conference
The Solvay Conferences (French: Congrès Solvay) have been devoted to preeminent unsolved problems in both physics and chemistry. They began with the historic invitation-only 1911 Solvay Conference on Physics, considered a turning point in the world of physics, and are ongoing.

Since the success of 1911, they have been organised by the International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, founded by the Belgian industrialist Ernest Solvay in 1912 and 1913, and located in Brussels. The institutes coordinate conferences, workshops, seminars, and colloquia. Recent Solvay Conferences entail a three year cycle: the Solvay Conference on Physics followed by a gap year, followed by the Solvay Conference on Chemistry.

The 1st Solvay Conference on Biology titled "The organisation and dynamics of biological computation" took place in April 2024.

Lawrence Bragg
Sir William Lawrence Bragg (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian X-ray crystallographer who uniquely shared a Nobel Prize with his father William Henry Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays", an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography.

As of 2025, Bragg is the youngest ever Nobel laureate in physics, or in any science category, having received the award at the age of 25. Bragg was the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, when James D. Watson and Francis Crick reported the discovery of the structure of DNA in February 1953.