hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Jewish Narrative
The New Jewish Narrative is a progressive Zionist Jewish organization in the United States of America. It was formed in December 2024 as a merger of Americans for Peace Now and Ameinu, the US offshoot of the Israeli Labor Party.

New Israel Fund
The New Israel Fund (NIF; Hebrew: הקרן החדשה לישראל, romanized: HaKeren HaKhadashah L'Yisra'el; Arabic: الصندوق الجديد لإسرائيل, romanized: aṣ-Ṣundūq al-Jadīd li-ʾIsrāʾīl) is a United States–based NGO established in 1979. It describes its objective as social justice and equality for all Israelis. The New Israel Fund says it has provided $300 million to over 900 Israeli civil society organizations. It describes itself as active on the issues of civil and human rights, women's rights, religious status, human rights for Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied territories, the rights of Israel's Arab minority, and freedom of speech. The New Israel Fund is the largest foreign donor to progressive causes in Israel.

Its financial support for Breaking the Silence, Adalah, B'Tselem, Yesh Din, and other groups allegedly hostile to Zionist values has drawn criticism from Israel’s political right.
2007 AIHL season
The 2007 AIHL season was the eighth season of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). It ran from 14 April 2007 until 26 August 2007, with the Goodall Cup finals following on 1 and 2 September 2007. The Adelaide Avalanche won the V.I.P. Cup after finishing the regular season first in the league standings. The Bears won the Goodall Cup for the second time by defeating the Newcastle North Stars in the final.

Sydney Bears
The Sydney Bears (formerly known as the Macquarie Bears) is an Australian semi-professional ice hockey team from Sydney, New South Wales. Established in 1982, the Bears are the only remaining founding member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) still operating. The Bears are based at Macquarie Ice Rink, within the Macquarie Centre, in the northern suburbs of Sydney. The Sydney Bears are three time Goodall Cup champions and four time H Newman Reid Trophy premiers.
Sauðárkrókur
Sauðárkrókur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈsœyːðˌaurˌkʰrouːkʏr̥]) is a town on the Skagafjörður in northern Iceland. It is the seat of both the Sveitarfélagið Skagafjörður ('Municipality of Skagafjörður') and the Northwestern Region.

Sauðárkrókur is the largest town in Northwest Iceland and the second-largest town on the north coast of Iceland, with a population of 2,612. It is the centre for commerce and services in the district, and an important link in Iceland's food production. The population of Sauðárkrókur has grown steadily in recent years, and its economy is relatively diverse.

Economic mainstays are fisheries, dairy production, light industry and broad-based services such as computer and engineering operations, financials, consulting, design and printing. The natural hot pool located 15 kilometres (9+1⁄2 mi) north of Sauðárkrókur is mentioned in the Grettis saga.

Skagafjörður (municipality)
Skagafjörður (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈskaːɣaˌfjœrðʏr̥] ⓘ) is a municipality that covers most of the land area of the region around the fjord with the same name (see Skagafjörður for details on the region) in northern Iceland.
2022 Marmolada serac collapse
On 3 July 2022, a serac collapsed on the mountain of Marmolada, in the Dolomites at the regional border between Trentino and Veneto, Italy. Eleven people were killed and eight were wounded. The large-scale collapse of the serac led to one of the most serious accidents in the Alps in decades. The seismic energy released was comparable to an earthquake of 0.6 M.

Marmolada
Marmolada (Ladin: Marmolèda; German: Marmolata, pronounced [maʁmoˈlaːta] ⓘ) is a mountain in northeastern Italy  and the highest mountain of the Dolomites (a section of the Alps). It lies between the borders of Trentino and Veneto. The Marmolada is an ultra-prominent peak (Ultra), known as the "Queen of the Dolomites".  In 2009, as part of the Dolomites, the Marmolada massif was named a UNESCO World Heritage site. The largest glacier in the Dolomites, the Marmolada Glacier, is located on the northern face of the mountain.
Elaphoglossoideae
Elaphoglossoideae is a subfamily of the fern family Dryopteridaceae. It has previously been regarded as the family Elaphoglossaceae. As circumscribed by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group in their 2016 classification (PPG I), the subfamily excludes the Polybotryoideae, which are kept separate. It can be divided into three clades: the bolbitioid ferns (Arthrobotrya, Bolbitis, Elaphoglossum, Lomagramma, Mickelia, Teratophyllum), genus Pleocnemia, sister clade to the bolbitioids, and the lastreopsid ferns (Lastreopsis, Megalastrum, Parapolystichum, Ruhmora), sister to the combination of the first two clades.

Parapolystichum
Parapolystichum is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is mainly native to the tropics, although its range extends to southeastern Australia.
Lozen Mountain
Lozen Mountain (Bulgarian: Лозенска планина, Lozenska planina) is a small mountain range in Bulgaria. It is at the westernmost end of the Sredna Gora range. To the west, it is separated by the Pancharevo Gorge from the Vitosha and Plana mountains. To the north, its foothills descend into the Sofia Valley. The mountain extends for 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) in an east–west direction, while its width varies between 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). Its highest point is Popov Dyal, 1,190.2 metres (3,905 ft). It is named after the village of Lozen. It is close to Lake Pancharevo and Sofia.

Sofia Valley
The Sofia Valley (Bulgarian: Софийска котловина, romanized: Sofiyska kotlovina), or Sofia Field (Bulgarian: Софийско поле, romanized: Sofiysko pole), is situated in central western Bulgaria. It is the second of the succession of the eleven Sub-Balkan valleys in direction west–east and is the largest of them in area and population. It is named after the city of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Strategically situated on major crossroads in the center of the Balkan Peninsula, the valley is an important national and international economic, transportation and cultural hub.
Fire plough
A fire plough (or fire plow) is a firelighting tool. In its simplest form, it is two sticks rubbed together. Rubbing produces friction and heat, and eventually an ember. More advanced are "stick-and-groove" forms, which typically uses a V-shaped base piece of wood, and a "friction stick" as the activator.

The typical fire plough consists of a stick cut to a dull point, and a long piece of wood with a groove cut down its length. The point of the first piece is rubbed quickly through the groove of the second piece in a "plowing" motion, to produce hot dust that then becomes a coal. A split is often made down the length of the grooved piece, so that oxygen can flow freely to the coal/ember. Once hot enough, the coal is introduced to the tinder, more oxygen is added by blowing and the result is ignition.

Fire making
Fire making, fire lighting or fire craft is the process of artificially starting a fire.  It requires completing the fire triangle, usually by heating tinder above its autoignition temperature.

Fire is an essential tool for human survival and the use of fire was important in early human cultural history since the Lower Paleolithic. Today, it is a key component of Scouting, woodcraft and bushcraft.
Iron County, Wisconsin
Iron County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,137, making it the third-least populous county in Wisconsin. Its county seat is Hurley. It was named for the valuable iron ore found within its borders. The county overlaps with small parts of the Bad River and Lac du Flambeau Indian reservations. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians
The Bad River LaPointe Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians or Bad River Tribe for short (Ojibwe: Mashkii ziibii) are a federally recognized tribe of Ojibwe people.  The tribe had 6,945 members as of 2010. The Bad River Reservation is located on the south shore of Lake Superior and has a land area of about 193.11 square miles (500.15 km2) in northern Wisconsin, straddling Ashland and Iron Counties. Odanah, the administrative and cultural center, is located 5 miles (8 km) east of the town of Ashland on U.S. Highway 2. The reservation population was 1,545 in 2020. Most of the reservation is managed as undeveloped forest and wetland, providing a habitat for wild rice and other natural resources.
Vinegar syndrome
Vinegar syndrome, also known as acetic acid syndrome, is a condition created by the deacetylation of cellulose acetates (usually cellulose diacetate) and cellulose triacetate. This deacetylation produces acetic acid, giving off a vinegar odor that gives the condition its name; as well, objects undergoing vinegar syndrome often shrink, embrittle, and form crystals on their surface due to the migration of plasticizers. Vinegar syndrome widely affects cellulose acetate film as used in photography. It has also been observed to affect older magnetic tape, where cellulose acetate is used as a base, as well as polarizers used in liquid-crystal display units and everyday plastics such as containers and tableware. High temperatures and fluctuations in relative humidity have been observed to accelerate the process. The process is autocatalytic, and the damage done by vinegar syndrome is irreversible.

Cellulose acetate film
Cellulose acetate film, or safety film, is used in photography as a base material for photographic emulsions. It was introduced in the early 20th century by film manufacturers and intended as a safe film base replacement for unstable and highly flammable nitrate film.

Cellulose diacetate film was first employed commercially for photographic film in 1909. Cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate were introduced in the 1930s, and cellulose triacetate in the late 1940s. Acetate films were later replaced by polyester bases.

The motion picture industry continued to use cellulose nitrate supports until the introduction of cellulose triacetate in 1948, which met the rigorous safety and performance standards set by the cinematographic industry. The chemical instability of cellulose acetate material, unrecognized at the time of its introduction, has since become a major problem for film archives and collections.
Wadla
Wadla (Amharic: ዋድላ) is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It is named for the former district which lay roughly in the same area. Part of the Semien Wollo Zone, Wadla is bordered on the southeast by Delanta, on the southwest by Dawunt, on the north by Meket, and on the northeast by Guba Lafto. The major town in Wadla is Gashena. Other towns include Kone and Arbit.

The altitude of this woreda ranges from 1700 to 3200 meters above sea level. It lies in the watershed of the Bashilo; rivers include the Zhit'a. Wadla, as well as the other seven rural woredas of this Zone, has been grouped amongst the 48 woredas identified as the most drought prone and food insecure in the Amhara Region.

Delanta
Delanta (Amharic ደላንታ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the South Wollo Zone, Delanta is bordered on the south by the Bashilo River which separated it from the Debub Wollo Zone, on the west by the Dawunt, on the northwest by Wadla, and on the northeast and east by Guba Lafto. The major town is Wegeltena, which is 98 kilometers away from the zonal capital Dessie and 499 kilometers from the nation's capital Addis Ababa.

The woreda of Delanta was part of the former Dawuntna Delant woreda.
Spice Lisp
Spice Lisp (Scientific Personal Integrated Computing Environment) is a programming language, a dialect of Lisp. Its implementation, originally written by Carnegie Mellon University's (CMU) Spice Lisp Group, targeted the microcode of the 16-bit workstation PERQ, and its operating system Accent. It used that workstation's microcode abilities (and provided microcodes for the languages Pascal, C, and Ada) to implement a stack machine architecture to store its data structures as 32-bit objects and to enable run time type-checking. It would later be popular on other workstations.

Spice Lisp evolved into an implementation of Common Lisp, and was renamed CMU Common Lisp (CMUCL).

CMU Common Lisp
CMUCL is a free Common Lisp implementation, originally developed at Carnegie Mellon University.

CMUCL runs on most Unix-like platforms, including Linux and BSD; there is an experimental Windows port as well. Steel Bank Common Lisp is derived from CMUCL. The Scieneer Common Lisp was a commercial derivative from CMUCL.
Francis Merewether (English politician)
Francis Merewether (c. 1674 – 1718), of Bulkington, Keevil, Wiltshire, was an English politician.

He was High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1699–1700.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Devizes from February to November 1701 and in the period 3 March 1703 – 1705.

High Sheriff of Wiltshire
This is a list of the sheriffs and (after 1 April 1974) high sheriffs of Wiltshire.

Until the 14th century, the shrievalty was held ex officio by the castellans of Old Sarum Castle.

On 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, the title of Sheriff of Wiltshire was retitled as High Sheriff of Wiltshire.
Leonard Bacon
Reverend Leonard Bacon (February 19, 1802 – December 24, 1881) was an American Congregational preacher and writer. He held the pulpit of the First Church New Haven and was later professor of church history and polity at Yale College.

Delia Bacon
Delia Salter Bacon (February 2, 1811 – September 2, 1859) was an American writer of plays and short stories and Shakespeare scholar. She is best known for her work on the authorship of Shakespeare's plays, which she attributed to social reformers including Francis Bacon (to whom she was unrelated), Sir Walter Raleigh and others.

Bacon's research in Boston, New York, and London led to the publication of her major work on the subject, The Philosophy of the Plays of Shakspere Unfolded. Her admirers included authors Harriet Beecher Stowe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Ralph Waldo Emerson, the last of whom called her "America's greatest literary producer of the past ten years" at the time of her death.
Lånkebanen
Lånkebanen is a road racing circuit situated just east of the village of Hell in the Lånke area of Stjørdal Municipality, Norway. The venue opened in 1987 as the first asphalt track in the country. It is used for a variety of motorsports, including rallycross, go-kart and motorcycle racing. The venue also features a designated hillclimbing and a motocross track on the slopes below, and a harness racing oval. Lånkebanen is owned by the Norwegian Automobile Federation (NAF).

The venue also serves the National Driving Teacher School and is used for testing by SINTEF and Q-Free. 
At an international level the venue is used for rallycross races. Lånkebanen has featured a round of the FIA European Rallycross Championship since 2011. It has since the inauguration of the FIA World Rallycross Championship in 2014 hosted World RX of Norway.

Hell, Norway
Hell (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈhɛlː], Trøndersk: [ˈheʎ]) is a village in Stjørdal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It lies at the foot of the valley of Stjørdalen, where the Stjørdalselva empties into the Trondheim Fjord, about 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of the town of Stjørdalshalsen. The 1.26-square-kilometre (310-acre) village had a population of 1,921 in 2023, with a density of 1,525 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,950/sq mi).

Hell is a post town with two post codes: 7517 for delivery route addresses and 7570 for post-office boxes. Hell currently has a grocery store, gas station, a fast food shop, and a retirement home. Until late 1995, the E6 highway bisected the village before proceeding across the bridge of Hell to Sandfærhus (the site of Trondheim Airport). The new highway (completed in 1995) goes around the village.
St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne
St Vincent's Hospital is a major hospital in Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia.

It is operated by the St Vincent's Health service, previously known as the Sisters of Charity Health Service, Melbourne. It is situated at the corner of Nicholson Street and Victoria Street.

The hospital is a tertiary referral centre which offers a variety of medical, surgical and mental health specialities.

Victoria Street, Melbourne
Victoria Street is one of the major thoroughfares of inner Melbourne, running east–west for over six kilometres between Munster Terrace in North Melbourne and the Yarra River. The road is known as Victoria Parade for over one-and-a-half kilometres of its length (between the prominent intersections of Spring Street and Hoddle Street), distinguishable with a wide reservation and tramway down the middle.

Victoria Street touches the north-east corner of the Hoddle Grid at the intersection of La Trobe Street and Spring Street, opposite the Carlton Gardens. After crossing the Yarra river over Victoria Bridge the street continues as Barkers Road.

The road is well known for being an arterial road for cross-city traffic and for featuring the Queen Victoria Market, Victoria Parade hospital precinct and Melbourne's Little Saigon.
Aldersgate Day
Aldersgate Day, or Wesley Day, is an anniversary observed by Methodist Christians on 24 May. It recalls the day in 1738 when Church of England priest John Wesley attended a group meeting in Aldersgate, London, where he received an experience of assurance of his new birth. This was the pivotal event in Wesley's life that ultimately led to the development of the Methodist movement in Britain and America.

In the calendars of the Methodist Church of Great Britain and the United Methodist Church the event is publicly commemorated in church services on the Sunday before 24 May (or on the anniversary itself if that date falls on a Sunday), called Aldersgate Sunday.

Assurance (theology)
As a general term in theological use, assurance is a believer's confidence in God, God's response to prayer, and the hope of eternal salvation. In Protestant Christian doctrine, the term "assurance", also known as the Witness of the Spirit, affirms that the inner witness of the Holy Spirit allows the Christian disciple to know that they are justified. Based on the writings of St. Augustine of Hippo, assurance was historically an important doctrine in Lutheranism and Calvinism, and remains a distinguishing doctrine of Methodism, although there are differences among these Christian traditions. Hymns that celebrate the witness of the Holy Spirit, such as Fanny Crosby's "Blessed Assurance", are sung in Christian liturgies to celebrate the belief in assurance.
HMS Jervis
HMS Jervis, was a J-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the late 1930s. She was named after Admiral John Jervis (1735–1823). She was laid down by R. and W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Limited, at Hebburn-on-Tyne on 26 August 1937. The ship was launched on 9 September 1938 and commissioned on 8 May 1939, four months before the start of the Second World War.

Designed as a flotilla leader to the J-class destroyers, who were intended to make up the 7th Destroyer Flotilla, Jervis was the sister ship of, and identical to, Kelly, leader to the K class (forming the 8th Flotilla)  and similar to Napier of the N class. However, despite an impressive war record (she earned 13 battle honours) she remains virtually unknown compared to her sister, Kelly.

Battle of Cape Matapan
The Battle of Cape Matapan  (Greek: Ναυμαχία του Ταινάρου) was a naval battle during the Second World War between the Allies, represented by the navies of the United Kingdom and Australia, and the Royal Italian Navy, from 27 to 29 March 1941. Cape Matapan is on the south-western coast of the Peloponnesian peninsula of Greece.

After the interception and decryption of Italian signals by the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park (the decrypted intelligence codenamed Ultra), ships of the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy, under the command of Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham, intercepted and sank or severely damaged several ships of the Italian Regia Marina under Squadron-Vice-Admiral Angelo Iachino. The opening actions of the battle are also known in Italy as the Battle of Gaudo.
100 krooni
The 100 krooni banknote (100 EEK) is a denomination of the Estonian kroon, the former currency of Estonia. Lydia Koidula (1843–1886), who was an Estonian poet and playwright, is featured on the front side of the banknote, which is why the 100 krooni banknote is often called a "Koidula".

A view of the north Estonian limestone shore is featured on the reverse side of the banknote. Before the replacement of the kroon by the euro, the 100 krooni banknote was the main everyday currency used by Estonians and was commonly dispensed by ATMs in Estonia as well as used for withdrawals or cashing checks. It can be exchanged indefinitely at the currency museum of Eesti Pank for €6.39.

Estonian kroon
The kroon (sign: KR; code: EEK) was the official currency of Estonia for two periods in history: 1928–1940 and 1992–2011. Between 1 January and 14 January 2011, the kroon circulated together with the euro, after which the euro became the sole legal tender in Estonia. The kroon was subdivided into 100 cents (senti; singular sent).

The word kroon (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈkroːn], "crown") is related to that of the Nordic currencies (such as the Swedish krona and the Danish and Norwegian krone) and derived from the Latin word corona ("crown"). The kroon succeeded the mark in 1928 and was in use until the Soviet invasion in 1940 and Estonia's subsequent incorporation into the Soviet Union when it was replaced by the Soviet ruble. After Estonia regained its independence, the kroon was reintroduced in 1992 and replaced by the euro in 2011.
Keiji Haino
Keiji Haino (灰野 敬二 Haino Keiji; born May 3, 1952) is a Japanese musician and singer-songwriter whose work has included rock, free improvisation, noise music, percussion, psychedelic music, minimalism and drone music. He has been active since the 1970s and continues to record regularly and in new styles.

Loren Mazzacane Connors
Loren Mazzacane Connors (born October 22, 1949) is an American guitarist who has recorded and performed under several different names: Guitar Roberts, Loren Mazzacane, Loren Mattei, and currently Loren Connors. His music has touched on many genres, but often features an abstract or experimental version of blues and folk styles.