hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome
As the home of the Pope and the Catholic Curia, as well as the locus of many sites and relics of veneration related to apostles, saints and Christian martyrs, Rome had long been a destination for pilgrims. The Via Francigena was an ancient pilgrim route from England to Rome. It was customary to end the pilgrimage with a visit to the tombs of Saints Peter and Paul. Periodically, some were moved to travel to Rome for the spiritual benefits accrued during a Jubilee. These indulgences sometimes required a visit to a specific church or churches. Pilgrims need not visit each church.

Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
The Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura, Latin: Basilica Sancti Pauli extra mœnia) is one of Rome's four major papal basilicas, along with the basilicas of Saint John in the Lateran, Saint Peter's, and Saint Mary Major, as well as one of the city's Seven Pilgrim Churches. The basilica is the conventual church of the adjacent Benedictine abbey. It lies within Italian territory, but the Holy See owns the basilica and it is part of the Vatican's extraterritoriality.

One of the oldest church sites in Rome, it was constructed outside the city's Aurelian Walls at what tradition holds to be the burial site of Saint Paul. It suffered a catastrophic fire in the 19th century and the present building was completed in 1840.
Engela Constituency
Engela is an electoral constituency in the Ohangwena Region of northern Namibia. It had 13,743 registered voters in 2020. It is named after the settlement of Engela, today part of the town Helao Nafidi. Engela is home to one of the biggest hospitals in Namibia, Engela State Hospital.

Engela
Engela is an Ovambo settlement in the Ohangwena Region in northern Namibia. Formerly situated in the Oukwanyama area it is since 2004 part of the town Helao Nafidi, although it still maintained its own village council until the 2015 local authority election. It is one of the more important establishments of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN) in the area. It started as a mission station of the Finnish Missionary Society. Today, it is the centre of the Engela Constituency.
Yehi kevod
Yehi kevod (Hebrew: יְהִי כְבוֹד, lit. '[God] will be honored') is a prayer recited daily during pesukei dezimra prior to Ashrei. The prayer is a representation of God's exaltation in both the heavens and the earth.

The succession Yehi kevod has with Ashrei is significant: it symbolizes the connection of an inner relationship in which God as a helper and comforter whose loving-kindness is ever near us.

The Ashkenazi version has 18 verses. The number 18 is significant, and is constant throughout prayer. Also, God's name is mentioned in the prayer 21 times, alluding to the 21 verses in Ashrei.

The first half of the prayer describes God as the master of nature. The second half describes God as the master of history.

Pesukei dezimra
Pesukei dezimra (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פְּסוּקֵי דְזִמְרָא, romanized: pǝsuqē ḏǝzimrā, lit. 'Verses of praise'; Rabbinic Hebrew: פַּסוּקֵי הַזְּמִירוֹת pasuqẽ hazzǝmiroṯ "Verses of songs"), or zemirot as they are called by the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, are a group of prayers that may be recited during Shacharit (the morning set of prayers in Judaism). They consist of various blessings, psalms, and sequences of other Biblical verses. Historically, reciting pesuqe dezimra in morning prayer was only practiced by the especially pious. Throughout Jewish history, their recitation has become widespread among the various rites of Jewish prayer.

The goal of pesukei dezimra is for the individual to recite praises of God before making the requests featured later in Shacharit and the day.
Generalised cost
In transport economics, the generalised cost is the sum of the monetary and non-monetary costs of a journey. It is sometimes used as a basis for judgements of transit accessibility and equitable distribution of public transit resources.

Monetary (or "out-of-pocket") costs might include a fare on a public transport journey, or the costs of fuel, wear and tear and any parking charge, toll or congestion charge on a car journey.

Non-monetary costs refer to the time spent undertaking the journey. Time is converted to a money value using a value of time figure, which usually varies according to the traveller's income and the purpose of the trip.

The generalised cost is equivalent to the price of the good in supply and demand theory, and so demand for journeys can be related to the generalised cost of those journeys using the price elasticity of demand. Supply is equivalent to capacity (and, for roads, road quality) on the network.

Value of time
In transport economics, the value of time is the opportunity cost of the time that a traveler spends on their journey. In essence, this makes it the amount that a traveler would be willing to pay in order to save time, or the amount they would accept as compensation for lost time.

One of the main justifications  for transport improvements is the amount of time that travelers will save. Using a set of values of time, the economic benefits of a transport project can be quantified in order to compare them to the costs (thus forming the basis of cost-benefit analysis). In particular, savings (or, for that matter, increases) in travel time form part of the change in consumer surplus for a transport project.
Common Penny
The Common Penny (German: Gemeiner Pfennig or Imperial Penny Reichspfennig) was an imperial tax (Reichssteuer) that was agreed at the instigation of Maximilian I in 1495 at the Diet of Worms, in order to give the emperor the means to wage war against France and against the Osman regime in the Ottoman Empire.

The tax was to be paid by all subjects of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation aged 15 years or more. It was designed as a poll tax, income tax and property tax that depended on personal status and wealth. Its recovery ran into so many difficulties everywhere that it was explicitly abandoned in 1505. After the Hussite Penny (Hussitenpfennig) in 1427, it was another attempt to introduce an imperial tax and was part of the comprehensive, but ultimately unsuccessful Imperial Reform under Emperor Maximilian. The successor of the Common Penny as an imperial tax was the Kammerzieler.

Imperial Reform
Imperial Reform (Latin: Reformatio imperii, German: Reichsreform) is the name given to repeated attempts in the 15th and 16th centuries to adapt the structure and the constitutional order (Verfassungsordnung) of the Holy Roman Empire to the requirements of the early modern state and to give it a unified government under either the Imperial Estates or the emperor's supremacy.
March of the Iron Will
The March of the Iron Will (Italian: marcia della ferrea volontà) was an Italian offensive occurring from 26 April to 5 May 1936, during the final days of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Its goal was to capture the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, in a show of force for Fascist propaganda. An Italian mechanized column under the command of Pietro Badoglio, Marshal of Italy, advanced from the town of Dessie to take Addis Ababa. The march covered a distance of approximately 200 miles (320 km). It was an achievement that demonstrated the offensive potential of motorized forces in securing bold advances. However, the Italian "March of the Iron Will" turned out to be little more than a logistics exercise. An anonymous journalist at the time described it as "more of a sports event than a page in military history."

Propaganda in Fascist Italy
Propaganda in Fascist Italy was used by the National Fascist Party in the years leading up to and during Benito Mussolini's leadership of the Kingdom of Italy during the Fascist era and was a crucial instrument for acquiring and maintaining power and the implementation of Fascist policies.
J W Poundley and D Walker
Poundley and Walker or John Wilkes Poundley and David Walker were a land surveyors and architects’ partnership with offices at Black Hall, Kerry, Montgomeryshire and at Unity Buildings, 22 Lord Street, Liverpool. The partnership was established probably in the mid-1850s and was dissolved in June 1867. The partnership was involved with large country estate building projects, church and civic buildings and some civil engineering. They specialized in building model farms. J. W. Poundley was also the county surveyor for Montgomeryshire from 1861–1872. The architect, canal and railway engineer, T. G. Newnham (sometimes incorrectly given as T. G. Newenham) appears have been associated with the partnership.

Llanwnnog
Llanwnnog (also spelt Llanwnog) is a village in Powys, Wales. It is located one-and-a half miles north of Caersws in the community of the same name, on the B4568 road. The Ordnance Survey spell the name with a single 'n'. Until 1987 Llanwnog was a community.
Nadja (band)
Nadja is a Canadian duo of Aidan Baker (guitars, vocals, piano, woodwinds, drums) and Leah Buckareff (bass, vocals). Nadja began in 2003 as a solo project for Baker to explore the heavier and noisier side of his experimental ambient music performed mainly on the electric guitar. In 2005, Buckareff joined in order to make the project more than just a studio endeavour and to allow Nadja to perform live.

The band's name comes from Aidan's name spelled backwards in order to match the concept of a musical style different from his own work. The J replacing the I is, according to Aidan, a reference to the Nadja character from André Breton's book of the same name and Elina Löwensohn's character from the 1994 vampire movie. The duo are a married couple and are based in Berlin.

Profound Lore Records
Profound Lore Records is a Canadian independent record label founded in May 2004. The label primarily focuses on releasing extreme metal and experimental albums.

It "began as the 'hobby-like venture' of a few friends but, over the past six years, the label has evolved into a one-man enterprise, shaped a distinct 'aesthetic identity' and provided owner Chris Bruni with a full-time job." Notable artists who have published their work by the label include Agalloch and Bell Witch.

The label has been described as having imbued brand loyalty to some fans. The label received criticism from The A.V. Club for distributing National Socialist black metal artists.
Nautiyal
Nautiyal is an Sarola Brahmin toponymic surname from Nauti, a village in the Chamoli district of the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

Notable persons with this surname include:

Anil Nautiyal, Indian politician

Asha Nautiyal (born 1969), Indian politician

Jubin Nautiyal (born 1989), Indian musician

Ram Prasad Nautiyal (1905–1980), Indian politician

Vidyasagar Nautiyal (1933–2012), Indian politician

Sarola Brahmin
Sarola Brahmin, also called Saryul and Serul, are the oldest Garhwali Brahmins from Uttarakhand, India. These families were founded in the 6th and 7th centuries by scions of multiple Brahmin magnate clans to rule as the sacerdotal aristocracy of the Himalayan Kingdoms.
Norm Duke
Norm Duke (born March 25, 1964) is an American retired professional bowler who previously competed on the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) Tour and on the PBA50 Tour. He has won 40 titles on the PBA Tour, including seven major championships, and another six titles (two of them majors) on the PBA50 Tour. A member of both the PBA and USBC Halls of Fame, Duke is one of only three players in history to reach 40 career PBA Tour titles. He has bowled 73 perfect 300 games in PBA competition, including the 16th televised 300 game in PBA Tour history on January 5, 2003. Duke is a member of the Storm pro staff.

A native of Mount Pleasant, Texas, Duke resides in Clermont, Florida, with his wife Karen. The two have a son named Branden.

Mike Aulby
Michael Aulby (born March 25, 1960) is an American former professional bowler and former member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA).  He is one of only five PBA bowlers to win both the Rookie of the Year and Player of the Year award. (Tommy Jones, Chris Barnes, Jason Belmonte and E. J. Tackett are the others.) He is also the first player in history to complete a career "Super Slam", in which a bowler wins all five PBA Tour major tournaments at least once. He has since been joined in this exclusive club by Jason Belmonte. Aulby owns 29 career PBA Tour titles, currently 9th place all-time, with eight major titles among these wins. He is a member of both the PBA and USBC Halls of Fame.
Turkish Identification Number
Turkish Identification Number (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kimlik Numarası or abbreviated as T.C. Kimlik No.) is a unique personal identification number that is assigned to every citizen of Turkey.

Foreigners residing in Turkey at least six months for any purpose receive a Foreigner Identification Number, which is different from the Turkish Identification Number.

Turkish passport
Turkish passport (Turkish: Türk pasaportu) are issued to Turkish citizens for travel outside Turkey as per the Passport Act dated July 15, 1950. Citizens of the de facto state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus are also eligible to apply for a Turkish passport. Passports issued since 1 June 2010 are biometric and valid for up to 10 years.
Irish pound
The pound (Irish: punt) was the currency of Ireland until 2002. Its ISO 4217 code was IEP, and the symbol was £ (or IR£ for distinction). The Irish pound was replaced by the euro on 1 January 1999. Euro currency did not start circulating until the beginning of 2002.

Coins of the Republic of Ireland
Since independence, there have been three sets of coins in Ireland. In all three, the coin showed a Celtic harp on the obverse. The pre-decimal coins of the Irish pound  had realistic animals on the reverse; the decimal coins retained some of these but featured ornamental birds on the lower denominations; and the euro coins used the common design of the euro currencies. The pre-decimal and original decimal coins were of the same dimensions as the same denomination British coins, as the Irish pound was in a de-facto currency union with the British pound sterling. British coins were widely accepted in Ireland, and conversely, to a lesser extent. In 1979, Ireland joined the Exchange Rate Mechanism and the Irish pound left parity with sterling; coin designs introduced after this differed between the two countries.
Yerbillon, Western Australia
Yerbillon, Western Australia was the location of Number 5 Pumping station on the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme, and is the location of the current pumping station number 11 on the pipeline.

It was also located on the Eastern Goldfields Railway.
It was the location of a railway accident in 1902.

It was located between number 4 pumping station at Merredin, and number 6 at Ghouli.

Goldfields Water Supply Scheme
The Goldfields Water Supply Scheme is a pipeline and dam project that delivers potable water from Mundaring Weir in Perth to communities in Western Australia's Eastern Goldfields, particularly Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie. The project was commissioned in 1896 and completed in 1903.

The pipeline continues to operate today, supplying water to over 100,000 people in over 33,000 households as well as mines, farms and other enterprises.
Daryl Gurney
Daryl Gurney (born 22 March 1986) is a Northern Irish professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number twenty-four; he reached a peak ranking of world number three in 2019. Nicknamed "Superchin", he has won two PDC major singles titles: the 2017 World Grand Prix and the 2018 Players Championship Finals. Gurney also won the PDC World Cup of Darts in 2025, representing Northern Ireland alongside Josh Rock. He has won a total of 6 PDC titles in his professional career.

Rob Cross
Robert Stefan Eric Cross (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number twenty; he reached a peak ranking of world number two in 2018 and 2019. Nicknamed "Voltage", Cross is a former PDC World Champion, defeating Phil Taylor in the 2018 World Championship final after turning professional less than a year beforehand. He has won three other PDC major titles: the 2019 World Matchplay and the European Championship in 2019 and 2021. Cross has won a total of 21 PDC titles in his professional career, including five World Series of Darts titles.

Before turning professional he reached the last 32 at the UK Open, losing there to Michael van Gerwen, and won four titles on the PDC Challenge Tour in 2016, which earned him his PDC Tour Card.
High Cascades Complex fires
The High Cascades Complex was a group of 20 fires burning in four protected areas in Oregon, in the United States, specifically: Crater Lake National Park, Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest, Umpqua National Forest, and Fremont–Winema National Forest. The first fire in the complex, the Blanket Creek Fire, was started by a lightning strike on July 29, 2017. In total, the fires have burned 72,309 acres (293 km2) and are 28% contained. The fires are directly impacting the communities of Prospect, Union Creek and Diamond Lake, park headquarters, old growth forests that house endangered species like the spotted owl and volcanic features.

Umpqua National Forest
Umpqua National Forest, in southern Oregon's Cascade Range, covers an area of 983,129 acres (3,978.58 km2) in Douglas, Lane, and Jackson counties, and borders the Crater Lake National Park in Southern Oregon.  The four ranger districts for the forest are the Cottage Grove, Diamond Lake, North Umpqua, and Tiller ranger districts.  The national forest is managed by the United States Forest Service (of the United States Department of Agriculture), headquartered in Roseburg (county seat town of Douglas County), Oregon in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States.
Llwyngwern quarry
The Llwyngwern quarry (sometimes known as Glandulas quarry or Maglona quarry) was a slate quarry in Wales that opened by 1828 and continued working until about 1950. The quarry is located on the western flank of Mynydd Llwyn-gwern.

Mynydd Llwyn-gwern
Mynydd Llwyn-gwern or Mynydd Llwyngwern is a mountain in southern Snowdonia, Wales. It lies above the Afon Dulas to the west and the Nant Ffrydlan to the east. The summit is noted for a series of low pillow mounds.

The Llwyngwern slate quarry on the west flank of the mountain operated from the 1820s until about 1950. In 1972, the quarry became the site for an experiment in green living. This has now developed into the Centre for Alternative Technology which occupies much of the quarry site. The centre built a wind turbine on the summit of Mynydd Llwyn-gwern.

It is one of the Dyfi hills.
Jeanne of Saint-Pol
Jeanne of Saint-Pol (died 1407) was the only daughter of Waleran III of Luxembourg and his first wife Maud Holland, and thus a step-granddaughter to Edward, the Black Prince through her mother's side.  Her maternal grandmother was Joan of Kent.

In 1402 she married Anthony, Duke of Brabant (d. 1415) killed at Agincourt by English archers, fighting against her distant cousin Henry V of England. She was the mother of John IV, Duke of Brabant (1403-1427) and Philip of Saint-Pol (1404-1430).

Anthony, Duke of Brabant
Anthony, Duke of Brabant (also known as Antoine de Brabant, Antoine de Bourgogne, and Anthony of Burgundy; 21 August 1384 – 25 October 1415), was Count of Rethel (1402–1406), Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg (1406–1415), and Co-Duke of Luxemburg (1411-1415). He was killed at the battle of Agincourt.
Togian Islands
The Togian (or Togean) Islands are an archipelago of 56 islands and many offshore islets, situated in the Gulf of Tomini, off the coast of Central Sulawesi, in Indonesia. The largest islands are Batudaka, Togean, Talatako, Una-Una, Walea Bahi, Walea Kodi and Malenge. There are 59 villages on the islands, with one settled by the Bajau people, more commonly known as the sea gypsies.

Batudaka Island
Batudaka is an island of the Central Sulawesi province, located in the Gulf of Tomini. The largest island in the Togian archipelago, it has a land area of 151.91 square kilometres (including small offshore islets) and is divided administratively into the 9 villages (desa)which together form the Batudaka District of the Tojo Una-Una Regency.
Andrey Markov
Andrey Andreyevich Markov (14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1856 – 20 July 1922) was a Russian mathematician celebrated for his pioneering work in stochastic processes. He extended foundational results—such as the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem—to sequences of dependent random variables, laying the groundwork for what would become known as Markov chains. To illustrate his methods, he analyzed the distribution of vowels and consonants in Alexander Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, treating letters purely as abstract categories and stripping away any poetic or semantic content.

He was also a strong chess player.

Markov and his younger brother Vladimir Andreyevich Markov (1871–1897) proved the Markov brothers' inequality. His son, another Andrey Andreyevich Markov (1903–1979), was also a notable mathematician, making contributions to constructive mathematics and recursive function theory.

Vladimir Markov (mathematician)
Vladimir Andreyevich Markov (Russian: Влади́мир Андре́евич Ма́рков; May 8, 1871 – January 18, 1897) was a Russian mathematician, known for proving the Markov brothers' inequality with his older brother Andrey Markov. He died of tuberculosis at the age of 25.
Jozef Miaczinsky
Joseph Miaczinski or Józef Miączyński (1743/1751–1793) was a Polish-Lithuanian general (chef de brigade) who joined the French Army of the North on 25 July 1792, the day Brunswick Manifesto was published. He supported General Dumouriez, defending France against the Prussian and Austrian armies, occupying the Austrian Netherlands and the duchy of Limburg. Dumouriez, unsatisfied with the chaos in the Defence department caused by the Jacobins, preferred a constitutional monarchy. After Dumouriez's dismissal from the High Command, Miaczinski agreed to participate in the preparation of a military coup against the National Convention. In early April 1793, Miaczinsky was arrested, accused of criminal and counter-revolutionary activities, trialled, and executed.

Bar Confederation
The Bar Confederation (Polish: Konfederacja barska; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia (now Ukraine), in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian political influence and against King Stanislaus II Augustus with Polish reformers, who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates.

The founders of the Bar Confederation included the magnates Adam Stanisław Krasiński, the bishop of Kamieniec, Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Casimir Pulaski, his father and brothers and Michał Hieronim Krasiński. Its creation led to a civil war and contributed to the First Partition of Poland. Maurice Benyovszky was the best known European Bar Confederation volunteer, supported by Roman Catholic France and Austria. Some historians consider the Bar Confederation the first Polish uprising.
Sawmills, North Carolina
Sawmills is a town in Caldwell County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Sawmills had a population of 5,020. It is part of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town is named after the sawmills that were set up in the community, due to the timber industry that formerly predominated in the area during its early history.

Granite Falls, North Carolina
Granite Falls is a town in Caldwell County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Granite Falls had a population of 4,965. It is part of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area.