hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zoji La
Zoji La (sometimes Zojila Pass) is a high mountain pass in the Himalayas. It is located in the Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir and the Kargil district of Ladakh, both union territories of India. This pass connects the Kashmir Valley to its west with the Dras and Suru valleys to its northeast and the Indus valley further east. National Highway #1 between Srinagar and Leh in the western section of the Himalayan mountain range, traverses the pass. As of late 2022, an all-weather Zoji-la Tunnel is under construction to mitigate seasonal road blockages due to heavy snowfall.

Suru Valley
The Suru Valley is a valley in the Kargil District in the Union Territory of Ladakh, India. It is drained by the Suru River, a  tributary of the Indus River. The valley's most significant town is Sankoo.

Horses, yaks and other animals can be found in the valley. In winter Suru Valley experiences heavy snowfall and avalanches. The literacy rate of Suru Valley is very low as compared to other parts of Ladakh.
Guro District, Manica Province
Guro District is a district of Manica Province in western Mozambique. The principal town is Guro. The district is located in the north of the province, and borders with Changara District of Tete Province in the north, Tambara District in the east, Macossa District in the south, and Báruè District in the southwest. The area of the district is 6,928 square kilometres (2,675 sq mi). It had a population of 68,526 as of 2007 and 83,972  as of 2013

Tambara District
Tambara District is a district of Manica Province in western Mozambique. The principal town is Nhacolo. The district is located in the north of the province, and borders with Tete Province in the north, Chemba District of Sofala Province in the east, Maringué District of Sofala Province in the southeast, Macossa District in the south, and with Guro District in the west. The area of the district is 3,892 square kilometres (1,503 sq mi).  It has a population of 41,339 as of 2007.
Howard Lake (Mendocino County)
Howard Lake is a natural lake in northwestern Mendocino County, California, located in the Mendocino National Forest at an elevation of 3,852 feet (1,174 m). It covers an area of 20 acres (8.1 ha). The lake hosts a small campground and is a popular primitive camping experience. In some years, the U.S. Forest Service stocks the lake with rainbow trout.

Howard Lake should not be confused with the lake of the same name located 21 miles (34 km) to the southwest.

Mendocino National Forest
The Mendocino National Forest is located in the Coastal Mountain Range in northwestern California and comprises 913,306 acres (3,696.02 km2). It is the only national forest in the state of California without a major paved road entering it.
There are a variety of recreational opportunities — camping, hiking, mountain biking, paragliding, backpacking, boating, fishing, hunting, nature study, photography, and off-highway vehicle travel.

The forest lies in parts of six counties. In descending order of forestland area they are Lake, Glenn, Mendocino, Tehama, Trinity, and Colusa counties.  Forest headquarters are located in Willows, California. There are local ranger district offices in Covelo, Upper Lake, and Stonyford.
Powder diffraction
Powder diffraction is a scientific technique using X-ray, neutron, or electron diffraction on powder or microcrystalline samples for structural characterization of materials. An instrument dedicated to performing such powder measurements is called a powder diffractometer.

Powder diffraction stands in contrast to single crystal diffraction techniques, which work best with a single, well-ordered crystal.

Bragg's law
In many areas of science, Bragg's law — also known as Wulff–Bragg's condition or Laue–Bragg interference — is a special case of Laue diffraction that gives the angles for coherent scattering of waves from a large crystal lattice. It describes how the superposition of wave fronts scattered by lattice planes leads to a strict relation between the wavelength and scattering angle. This law was initially formulated for X-rays, but it also applies to all types of matter waves including neutron and electron waves if there are a large number of atoms, as well as to visible light with artificial periodic microscale lattices.
Line 14 (Beijing Subway)
Line 14 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁14号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě shísì hàoxiàn) is a rapid transit rail line in the south and east of Beijing. The line is operated by the Beijing MTR Corporation Limited. Line 14's color is silver pink.

It runs across the southern and eastern fringes of urban Beijing from Zhangguozhuang west of the Yongding River in the southwest corner of the city to Shangezhuang in the northeast corner. Line 14 will be 47.3 km (29.4 mi) in length and have 36 stations (33 in operation).

Jintai Lu station
Jintai Lu (Chinese: 金台路站; pinyin: Jīntáilù Zhàn) is an interchange station between Line 6 and Line 14 of the Beijing Subway.  It is located in Chaoyang District. This station opened on December 30, 2012. It was the western teminus of Line 14 until it was extended westward to Beijing South railway station on December 26, 2015.
Ryūō Station
Ryūō Station (竜王駅, Ryūō-eki) is a railway station of Chūō Main Line, East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Ryūō-shinmachi, in the city of Kai, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. The station is also a container terminal for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).

Kai, Yamanashi
Kai (甲斐市, Kai-shi) is a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 December 2021,  the city had an estimated population of 73,626, and a population density of 1,100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 71.95 square kilometres (27.78 sq mi).
Codesido (crater)
Codesido is a crater on Mercury, whose name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on November 14, 2024. The crater is named for Peruvian artist Julia Codesido.

Codesido is southeast of Vazov crater, and northeast of Freire crater.

Freire (crater)
Freire is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on November 14, 2024. The crater is named for Uruguayan painter María Freire.

Freire is southwest of Codesido crater.
Piove di Sacco
Piove di Sacco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 18,019 and an area of 35.6 square kilometres (13.7 sq mi).

The municipality of Piove di Sacco contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Corte, Tognana, Piovega and Arzerello.

Piove di Sacco borders the following municipalities: Arzergrande, Brugine, Campagna Lupia, Campolongo Maggiore, Codevigo, Pontelongo, Sant'Angelo di Piove di Sacco.

Sant'Angelo di Piove di Sacco
Sant'Angelo di Piove di Sacco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Venice and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Padua. As of 31 August 2021, it had a population of 7,283 and an area of 14.0 square kilometres (5.4 sq mi).

The municipality of Sant'Angelo di Piove di Sacco contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Vigorovea and Celeseo.

Sant'Angelo di Piove di Sacco borders the following municipalities: Brugine, Campolongo Maggiore, Fossò, Legnaro, Piove di Sacco, Saonara, Vigonovo.
Melanocortin receptor
Melanocortin receptors are members of the rhodopsin family of 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors.

There are five known members of the melanocortin receptor system each with differing specificities for melanocortins:

MC1R. MC1R is associated with pigmentation genetics.

MC2R. MC2R is also known as the ACTH receptor or corticotropin receptor because it is specific for ACTH alone.

MC3R. MC3R is associated with childhood growth, accrual of lean mass and onset of puberty.

MC4R. Defects in MC4R are a cause of autosomal dominant obesity, accounting for 6% of all cases of early-onset obesity.

MC5R. MC5R

These receptors are inhibited by endogenous inverse agonists agouti signalling peptide and agouti-related peptide, and activated by synthetic (i.e. afamelanotide) and endogenous agonist melanocyte-stimulating hormones.

Melanocortin 5 receptor
Melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC5R gene. It is located on the chromosome 18 in the human genome. When the MC5R was disrupted in transgenic mice, it induced disruption of their exocrine glands and resulted in decreased production of sebum.
Power set
In mathematics, the power set (or powerset) of a set S is the set of all subsets of S, including the empty set and S itself. In axiomatic set theory (as developed, for example, in the ZFC axioms), the existence of the power set of any set is postulated by the axiom of power set. 
The powerset of S is variously denoted as P(S), 𝒫(S), P(S), , or 2S.
Any subset of P(S) is called a family of sets over S.

Union (set theory)
In set theory, the union (denoted by ∪) of a collection of sets is the set of all elements in the collection. It is one of the fundamental operations through which sets can be combined and related to each other. 
A nullary union refers to a union of zero (⁠⁠) sets and it is by definition equal to the empty set.

For explanation of the symbols used in this article, refer to the table of mathematical symbols.
Chisanbop
Chisanbop or chisenbop (from Korean chi (ji) finger + sanpŏp (sanbeop) calculation  지산법/指算法), sometimes called Fingermath, is a finger counting method used to perform basic mathematical operations.  According to The Complete Book of Chisanbop 
by Hang Young Pai, chisanbop was created in the 1940s in Korea by Sung Jin Pai and revised by his son Hang Young Pai, who brought the system to the United States in 1977.

With the chisanbop method, it is possible to represent all numbers from 0 to 99 with the hands, rather than the usual 0 to 10, and to add, subtract, multiply and divide numbers. The system has been described as being easier to use than a physical abacus for students with visual impairments.

Finger-counting
Finger-counting, also known as dactylonomy, is the act of counting using one's fingers. There are multiple different systems used across time and between cultures, though many of these have seen a decline in use because of the spread of Arabic numerals.

Finger-counting can serve as a form of manual communication, particularly in marketplace trading – including hand signaling during open outcry in floor trading – and also in hand games, such as morra.

Finger-counting is known to go back to ancient Egypt at least, and probably even further back.
Aaron Herr
Aaron Mitchell Herr (born March 7, 1981) is an American professional baseball player who played for the Lancaster Barnstormers of the independent Atlantic League in 2011. He has played the majority of his minor league career with the Atlanta Braves organization.

He is the son of Tom Herr, who was also a professional baseball player and Aaron's high school coach. His younger brother, Jordan, is a member of the Great Falls Voyagers, the Rookie-level affiliate of the Chicago White Sox.

Tom Herr
Thomas Mitchell Herr (born April 4, 1956) is an American former professional baseball second baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Minnesota Twins, Philadelphia Phillies, San Francisco Giants, and New York Mets, from 1979 to 1991. Although he never won a Gold Glove Award, Herr retired with the highest all-time career fielding percentage for National League second basemen (.989), a figure that was matched and surpassed a few years later when Hall of Famer Ryne Sandberg retired.
Mark Holden
Mark Ronald Holden (born 27 April 1954) is an Australian singer, actor, TV personality, record producer, songwriter, and barrister. He was a pop star in the 1970s and had four top 20 hit singles, "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" (May 1976), "I Wanna Make You My Lady" (September), "Last Romance" (November) and "Reach Out for the One Who Loves You" (October 1977). Holden regularly appeared on national pop music show, Countdown. Holden is remembered for his clean-cut image, his white dinner suit and his penchant for handing out carnations to girls on the set of the popular television show Countdown – he was nicknamed "The Carnation Kid". In the 1980s he worked as a songwriter in Los Angeles providing material recorded by Meat Loaf, Joe Cocker, Gladys Knight, Bob Welch and Steve Jones. He was one of three original judges on the television series Australian Idol (2003–07) and the first season (2005) of The X Factor.

Australian pop music awards
Australian pop music awards are a series of inter-related national awards that gave recognition to popular musical artists and have included the Go-Set pop poll (1966–1972); TV Week King of Pop Awards (1967–1978); TV Week and Countdown Music Awards (1979–1980); the Countdown Awards (1981–1982) and Countdown Music and Video Awards (1983–1987). Early awards were based on popular voting from readers of teenage pop music newspaper Go-Set and television program guide TV Week. They were followed by responses from viewers of Countdown, a TV pop music series (1974–1987) on national broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). Some of the later award ceremonies incorporated listed nominees and peer-voted awards. From 1987 the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) instituted its own peer-voted ARIA Music Awards.
Alger County, Michigan
Alger County (/ˌældʒər/ AL-jər) is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 8,842. It is the state's second-largest county by area, including the waters of Lake Superior. The county seat is Munising. Alger County is home to Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, which features rock formations, waterfalls, and sand dunes along the shore of Lake Superior. Much of the county is also part of the Hiawatha National Forest.

Burt Township, Alger County, Michigan
Burt Township is a civil township of Alger County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, its population was 411.

The township contains the community of Grand Marais, which contains numerous historic structures, including the Pickle Barrel House and the Grand Marais Harbor of Refuge Inner and Outer Lights. The township is also the eastern gateway to the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore and includes the Au Sable Light on the shores of Lake Superior.
M-57 (Michigan highway)
M-57 is an east–west state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan. The 105.377-mile (169.588 km) highway connects US Highway 131 (US 131) near Rockford on the west end to M-15 near Otisville in the Lower Peninsula. In between, the mostly rural highway passes through farmland and connects several highways and smaller towns together. Three of these highways are freeways: US 131, US 127 and Interstate 75 (I-75). Along the way, between 3,700 and 22,300 vehicles use the highway daily.

The current highway that bears the M-57 moniker is the second to do so. The first is now M-75 in the Northern Lower Peninsula. This second highway was designated in the 1930s along a different, but parallel, routing. The first major changes shifted that routing southward to the current corridor in stages. Through additional extensions and truncations, the modern routing was formed by the 1970s.

M-75 (Michigan highway)
M-75 is a 11.768-mile-long (18.939 km) segment of state trunkline highway located in Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  This highway serves as a loop off US Highway 131 (US 131), providing access to Boyne City. The highway happens to be geographically close to Interstate 75 (I-75), but they are not related.
Dayang Kalangitan
Dayang Kalangitan (Baybayin: ᜃᜎᜅᜒᜆᜈ᜔ , Abecedario: Cálan͠gúitán) is a legendary figure in early Philippine history who was said to be Dayang of the precolonial Indianized polity of Pasig. She was co-ruler of Pasig with her husband, Gat Lontok. She is one of the very few known female leaders in precolonial Philippine history.

Gat Lontok
Gat Lontok (Baybayin: ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔), more commonly spelled as Lontoc, is a legendary figure in early Philippine history who was the ruler of Pasig along with his wife Dayang Kalangitan. According to the Will of Fernando Malang Balagtas (1589), he was described to be the son of Principal Araw and Maylak, who ruled Pasig beforehand.: 10

He had four children with Kalangitan, who were Panginoan, Salalila, Lahat and Kahiya. Salalila later became the father of Lakandula, Rajah Matanda and Ladiamora, while Panginoan married Prince Balagtas.: 10
Experience machine
The experience machine or pleasure machine is a thought experiment put forward by  philosopher Robert Nozick in his 1974 book  Anarchy, State, and Utopia. It is an attempt to refute ethical hedonism by imagining a choice between everyday reality and an apparently preferable simulated reality.

A primary thesis of hedonism is that "pleasure is the good", which leads to the argument that any component of life that is not pleasurable does nothing directly to increase one's well-being.  This is a view held by many value theorists, but most famously by some classical utilitarians. Nozick attacks the thesis by means of a thought experiment. If he can show that there is something other than pleasure that has value and thereby increases well-being, then hedonism is refuted.

Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.
Sclerorhynchoidei
Sclerorhynchoidei is an extinct suborder of rajiform rays that had long rostra with large denticles similar to sawfishes and sawsharks. This feature was convergently evolved, recently proposed as 'pristification', and their closest living relatives are actually skates. While they are often called "sawfishes", sawskates is a more accurate common name proposed in 2021 for sclerorhynchoids, which has been subsequently used by other researchers.

The suborder contains five named families: Ganopristidae, Ischyrhizidae, Onchopristidae, Ptychotrygonidae, and Schizorhizidae. Several genera (see below) are not currently placed in any of these families. Sclerorhynchoids first appeared in the Barremian and went extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, with former Paleocene occurrences being misidentifications or reworked specimens. One female specimen of Libanopristis with nine embryos preserved in situ represents one of the first fossil evidence of batoid ovoviviparity.

Ptychotrygonidae
Ptychotrygonidae is an extinct family of cartilaginous fish from the Cretaceous period belonging to the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei. This family contains the genera Archingeayia, Asflapristis, Ptychotrygon, Ptychotrygonoides, and Texatrygon.
1989 UCI Road World Cup
The 1989 UCI Road World Cup was the first edition of the UCI Road World Cup. It was won by Irish rider Sean Kelly of PDM–Ultima–Concorde. Only in this edition, a grey-yellow jersey was awarded to the leader without the rainbow scheme.

UCI Road World Cup
The UCI Road World Cup was a season-long road cycling competition, organised annually by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) from 1989 until 2004.

The World Cup was made up of ten one-day races chosen from the classics. Riders accumulated points based on finishing positions across various events, with scoring for individuals and teams. In the years of the competition, points were awarded to the top 25 finishers in each round, ranging from 100 points for the winner to 1 point for 25th place. The rider leading the overall standings wore a distinctive jersey for subsequent events.

Following the 2004 season, the competition was discontinued. It was replaced by the UCI ProTour and the UCI Continental Circuits, which began in 2005.
MV Empire Star (1935)
MV Empire Star was a UK refrigerated cargo liner. She was built by Harland and Wolff in 1935 as one of Blue Star Line's Imperial Star-class ships, designed to ship frozen meat from Australia and New Zealand to the United Kingdom. She served in the Second World War and is distinguished for her role in the Evacuation of Singapore in February 1942. She was sunk by torpedo in October 1942 with the loss of 42 lives.

She was the second of three Blue Star ships to be called Empire Star. The first Empire Star was a steamship that was built in 1919, renamed Tudor Star in 1935 and scrapped in 1950. The third Empire Star was a replacement Imperial Star-class ship that was built in 1946 and scrapped in 1971.

SS Empire Star
The SS Empire Star was a ship operated by the Blue Star Line. Built in 1919 as Empirestar. It was put in service during 1920 season. The ship was renamed Tudor Star in 1935, when its name was given to a newer ship. In 1950, the ship was sold for scrap and transferred to the Netherlands to be broken up.
Monrovia High School
Monrovia High School is a public high school located in Monrovia, California, a northeastern suburb of Los Angeles, United States. Monrovia High School is the only grades 9–12 comprehensive high school in the Monrovia Unified School District. Established in 1893, the campus is located in an environment of neo-Spanish architecture, green lawns, and hundred-year-old oak trees, and is nestled against the San Gabriel Mountains.  The portion of the campus designed in 1928 is the work of noted Los Angeles architect John C. Austin.

In 2006, the citizens of Monrovia approved a $45 million bond for the high school. Major construction transformed the campus by adding a science building with technology labs, a gymnasium to support the physical education and sports programs, a stadium and bleachers, and an overall renovation of the campus. The construction was completed in 2012

Monrovia, California
Monrovia is a city in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County, California, United States. Monrovia is the fourth-oldest general-law city in Los Angeles County and the L.A. Basin (after Los Angeles, Santa Monica, and Pasadena, all now charter cities). Incorporated in 1887, it has grown from a sparse community of orange ranches to a residential community of over 37,000. The population was 37,931 at the 2020 census.
Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as an indicator of the power (through mean effective pressure and rotational speed) an engine might be capable of producing and the amount of fuel it should be expected to consume. For this reason displacement is one of the measures often used in advertising, as well as regulating, motor vehicles.

It is usually expressed using the metric units of cubic centimetres (cc or cm3, equivalent to millilitres) or litres (l or L), or – particularly in the United States  – cubic inches (CID, c.i.d., cu in, or in3).

Combustion chamber
A combustion chamber is part of an internal combustion engine in which the fuel/air mix is burned. For steam engines, the term has also been used for an extension of the firebox which is used to allow a more complete combustion process.