hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1834 Boston mayoral election
The 1834 Boston mayoral election saw the election of incumbent Theodore Lyman II. It was held on December 8, 1834.

Incumbent mayor Lyman was a Democrat. Both the Democrats and the Whigs nominated Lyman, leaving him formally unopposed. He was also supported by other tickets such as the "Grocer's Ticket". The decision for the Whigs not to put forth their own candidate came despite their dominance in the city's other municipal races in coinciding election.

Theodore Lyman II
Theodore Lyman II (September 20, 1792 – July 18, 1849) was an American philanthropist, politician, and author, born in Boston, the son of Theodore Lyman I and Lydia Pickering Williams. He graduated from Harvard University in 1810, visited Europe (1812–14), studied law, and with Edward Everett, revisited Europe in 1817–19. From 1819 to 1822 he was an aide to John Brooks, the Governor of Massachusetts. He became brigadier general of militia in 1823, and from 1820 to 1825 he served in the Massachusetts General Court.
Omega Boötis
Omega Boötis is a solitary, orange-hued star in the northern  constellation of Boötes. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ω Boötis, and abbreviated Omega Boo or ω Boo. This is a dim star but visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.82. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 8.53 mas as seen from the Earth, it is located about 382 light-years (117 pc) from the Sun. The star is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +12.5 km/s.

This star is three billion years old with a stellar classification of K4 III, matching an evolved K-type giant star that has consume the supply of hydrogen at its core. It has an estimated 1.65 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 39 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 340 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of about 3,994 K.

Boötes
Boötes (/boʊˈoʊtiːz/ boh-OH-teez) is a constellation in the northern sky, located between 0° and +60° declination, and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere. The name comes from Latin: Boōtēs, which comes from Ancient Greek: Βοώτης, romanized: Boṓtēs 'herdsman' or 'plowman' (literally, 'ox-driver'; from βοῦς boûs 'cow').

One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Boötes is now one of the 88 modern constellations. It contains the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, the orange giant Arcturus. Epsilon Boötis, or Izar, is a colourful multiple star popular with amateur astronomers. Boötes is home to many other bright stars, including eight above the fourth magnitude and an additional 21 above the fifth magnitude, making a total of 29 stars easily visible to the naked eye.
Sulabh International
Sulabh International is an India-based social service organization that works to promote human rights, environmental sanitation, non-conventional sources of energy, waste management and social reforms through education. The organization counts 50,000 volunteers.  Sulabh International is the largest nonprofit organization in India.

World Toilet Organization
The World Toilet Organization (WTO) is a global non-profit organization whose goal is to improve toilet and sanitation conditions worldwide. It was founded in 2001 with 15 members and has now grown to 151 member organizations in 53 countries. The WTO is also the organizer of the World Toilet Summit, the Urgent Run and initiated the United Nations World Toilet Day.
Romanization of Hispania
The Romanization of Hispania is the process by which Roman or Latin culture was introduced into the Iberian Peninsula during the period of Roman rule.

Throughout the centuries of Roman rule over the provinces of Hispania, Roman customs, religion, laws and the general Roman lifestyle gained much favour in the indigenous population. Together with a substantial minority of Roman immigrants, these eventually formed a distinct Hispano-Roman culture. Several factors aided the process of Romanization:

Creation of civil infrastructure, including road networks and urban sanitation.
Commercial interaction within regions and with the wider Roman world.
Foundation of coloniae; settling Roman military veterans in newly created towns and cities.
The spread of the hierarchical Roman administrative system throughout the Hispanic provinces.
Growth of Roman aristocratic land holdings (latifundia).

Romanization (cultural)
Romanization or Latinization (Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire. The terms were used in ancient Roman historiography and traditional Italian historiography until the Fascist period, when the various processes were called the "civilizing of barbarians".
Mehmetçik
Mehmetçik (Turkish pronunciation: [mɛhmɛt'd͡ʒɪk])(lit. 'little Mehmet', "little" denoting diminutive endearment rather than actual age) is a term generally used to affectionately refer to soldiers of the Turkish Army. It is similar to the colloquialisms Tommy Atkins, Doughboy, and Digger used for soldiers of the British, U.S., and Australian armies.

It is believed that the term is based on Ottoman Army Sergeant Bigalı Mehmet Çavuş (1878–1964), who fought during the Gallipoli Campaign of World War I.

Digger (soldier)
Digger is a military slang term for primarily infantry soldiers from Australia and New Zealand. Evidence of its use has been found in those countries as early as the 1850s, but its current usage in a military context did not become prominent until World War I, when Australian and New Zealand troops began using it on the Western Front around 1916–17. Evolving out of its usage during the war, the term has been linked to the concept of the Anzac legend, but within a wider social context, it has long been linked to the concept of "egalitarian mateship".
Hoover, Alabama
Hoover is a city in Jefferson and Shelby counties in north central Alabama, United States. Hoover is the largest suburban city in Alabama and the sixth largest city in Alabama. The population was 92,606 at the 2020 census. Hoover is part of the Birmingham, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area and is also included in the Birmingham-Cullman-Talladega, AL Combined Statistical Area. Hoover's territory is along the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains.

The Birmingham Barons Minor League Baseball team, which traces its history to 1885, played its home games at the 10,800-seat Hoover Metropolitan Stadium from 1988 through 2013, when it moved to Regions Field in the Parkside District of Birmingham.

Jefferson County, Alabama
Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama, located in the central portion of the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 674,721. Its county seat is Birmingham. Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century, based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron, established its dominance. Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
IRT White Plains Road Line
The White Plains Road Line is a rapid transit line of the A Division of the New York City Subway serving the central Bronx. It is mostly elevated and served both subway and elevated trains until 1952. The original part of the line, the part opened as part of the first subway was called the West Farms Division, and the extension north to 241st Street as part of the Dual Contracts was called the White Plains Road Line. Eventually, however, the two parts came to be known as the White Plains Road Line.

It is currently being used by the 2 at all times and the 5 at all times except late nights. During rush hours in the peak direction, the 5 runs express between East 180th Street and Third Avenue–149th Street. During late nights, the 5 runs as a shuttle between Eastchester–Dyre Avenue and East 180th Street.

A Division (New York City Subway)
The A Division, also known as the IRT Division, is a division of the New York City Subway, consisting of the lines operated with services designated by numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and the 42nd Street Shuttle. These lines and services were operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company before the 1940 city takeover. A Division cars are narrower, shorter, and lighter than those of the B Division, measuring 8.6 by 51 feet (2.62 by 15.54 m).
Diocese of Sigüenza-Guadalajara
The Diocese of Sigüenza-Guadalajara (Latin: Dioecesis Seguntinus-Guadalaiarensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the cities of Sigüenza and Guadalajara, Spain in the ecclesiastical province of Toledo in Spain. It is in the located in the secular Spanish province of Guadalajara in Castile, central Spain. It is bounded on the north by Soria, on the east by Zaragoza and Teruel, on the south by Cuenca and on the west by Guadalajara and Segovia.

Archdiocese of Toledo
The Archdiocese of Toledo (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Toletana) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Spain. They are also the Primates of Spain. It was, according to tradition, established in the 1st century by James the Great and was elevated to an archdiocese in 313 after the Edict of Milan. The incumbent Metropolitan Archbishop also bears the title Primate of Spain and since 1937 the title General Vicar of the Armies (but the pastoral care for the Spanish armed forces is now provided, since 1986, by the Military Archbishopric of Spain)
SCCA National Championship Runoffs
The SCCA National Championship Runoffs is the end-of-year championship race meeting for Sports Car Club of America Club Racing competitors.  Divisional champions and other top drivers from the SCCA's 116 regions are invited to participate at the Runoffs.  National championships are awarded to the winners of each class.

The Runoffs is regarded as the "Olympics of Amateur Road Racing."

Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course
Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course is a road course auto racing facility located in Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio, United States, just outside the village of Lexington. It hosts a number of racing series such as IndyCar, IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship, and the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, along with other club events such has SCCA and National Auto Sport Association.

There is grandstand seating for 12,000 spectators and three observation mounds alongside the track raise the capacity to over 75,000. Mid-Ohio is classified as an FIA Grade Two circuit.
He Shall Thunder in the Sky
He Shall Thunder in the Sky (also published as Thunder in the Sky) is the 12th in a series of historical mystery novels by Elizabeth Peters, first published in 2000, and featuring fictional archaeologist and sleuth Amelia Peabody. The story is set in the 1914–1915 dig season in Egypt.

Amelia Peabody
Amelia Peabody Emerson is the protagonist of the Amelia Peabody series, a series of historical mystery novels written by author Elizabeth Peters (a pseudonym of Egyptologist Barbara Mertz, 1927–2013). Peabody is married to Egyptologist Radcliffe Emerson and has one biological child, Walter "Ramses" Peabody Emerson.
Lonnie Laffen
Lonnie Laffen (July 16, 1958 – December 23, 2020) was an American politician and architect.

Laffen was born in Wimbledon, North Dakota. He received his bachelor's degree in architecture and history from North Dakota State University. Laffen was the founder & president of JLG Architects in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Laffen served in the North Dakota Senate from the 43rd District from 2010 to 2018. He was a member of the Republican party. In 2018, Laffen was defeated for re-election by Democrat JoNell Bakke.

He died of complications from a heart attack on December 23, 2020, in Grand Forks, North Dakota, at age 62.

JoNell Bakke
JoNell Bakke is a former Democratic-NPL member of the North Dakota Senate from the 43rd district located in the Grand Forks area. Bakke previously served in the North Dakota Senate during the 60th Legislative Assembly from 2006 to 2010. A retired special education teacher, Bakke earned her Bachelor of Science and Master of Education at the University of North Dakota.

In the November 2018 election, Bakke defeated Senator Lonnie Laffen by six percentage points.
Joscelin I, Lord of Courtenay
Jocelyn I de Courtenay (c. 1034 – after 1069), son of Athon, Châtelain de Châteaurenard, Seigneur de Courtenay.  Very little is known about his life other than his two marriages.  He first married Hildegarde de Château-Landon, daughter of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais, and Ermengarde of Anjou (daughter of Fulk III, Count of Anjou).  Joscelin and Hildegarde had one daughter:

Vaindemonde de Courtenay, married to Renard II, Count of Joigny.

Joscelin married secondly Elizabeth of Montlhéry, daughter of Guy I of Montlhéry and Hodierna of Gometz.  Joscelin and Elizabeth had five children:

Hodierne of Courtenay, married to Geoffroy II, Seigneur of Joinville

Miles, Seigneur of Courtenay, married Ermengarde of Nevers

Joscelin I, Count of Edessa and Prince of Galilee

Geoffroy of Courtney (d. 1139)

Renaud (d. before 1133), Monk at the monastery of St. John the Evangelist at Sens.

After Joscelin's death, Elizabeth became a nun at St. John's.  See also House of Courtenay.

House of Courtenay
The House of Courtenay is a medieval noble house of French origins, with branches in France, England and the Holy Land. One branch of the Capetian dynasty bore the name of Courtenay through mariage to a Courtenay heiress and became a royal house of the dynasty, cousins of the Bourbons and the Valois, and achieved the title of Latin Emperor of Constantinople.
Henry Sy
Henry Tan Chi Sieng Sy Sr. (/siː/; Chinese: 施至成; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Si Chì-sêng; pinyin: Shī Zhìchéng; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄕ ㄓˋ ㄔㄥˊ; October 15, 1924 – January 19, 2019) was a Filipino businessman.

Born in Fujian, he moved with his family to the Philippines at age 12. His family would later return to China, with Henry staying behind to establish ShoeMart, a small Manila shoe store, in 1958. Over the decades he developed ShoeMart into SM Investments, one of the largest conglomerates in the Philippines, including 49 SM malls in the Philippines and China, 62 department stores, 56 supermarkets and over 200 grocery stores. SM also owns Banco de Oro, the largest bank in the Philippines, as well as real estate holdings.

For eleven straight years until his death, Sy was named by Forbes as the richest person in the Philippines. When he died, his net worth was estimated at US$19 billion.

SM Prime
SM Prime Holdings, Inc. (SMPH) is a Filipino integrated property developer and a public subsidiary of SM Investments Corporation. It was incorporated on January 6, 1994, to develop, conduct, operate, and maintain the SM commercial shopping centers and all businesses related thereto, such as the lease of commercial spaces within the compound of shopping centers. It went public on July 5, 1994, and subsequently grew to become the largest company listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange in terms of revenue. The company's main sources of revenues primarily include rental income from mall and food courts, as well as from cinema ticket sales and amusement income.
Phrae province
Phrae (Thai: แพร่, pronounced [pʰrɛ̂ː]; Northern Thai:  ᨻᩯᩖ᩵, pronounced [pɛ̂ː]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six Provinces (changwat) and lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (clockwise from north) Phayao, Nan, Uttaradit, Sukhothai, and Lampang.

Uttaradit province
Uttaradit (Thai: อุตรดิตถ์, pronounced [ʔùt.tā.rā.dìt]; Northern Thai:ᩏᨲ᩠ᨲᩁᨯᩥᨲ᩠ᨳ᩺) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Phrae and Nan. To the east it borders Xaignabouli of Laos. Uttaradit is 488 km north of Bangkok, and 238 km southeast of Chiang Mai.
Brutalichnus
Brutalichnus is an ichnogenus. A case study from the Miocene of the Czech Republic found that Brutalichnus and two other ichnogenera have evidence of biting and gnawing traces on reptilian and mammalian bones. Brutalichnus contains one ichnospecies, Brutalichnus brutalis. The ichnogenera Machichnus and Nihilichnus were described in the same paper.

Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling (2019) consider Brutalichnus to be a nomen dubium.

Machichnus
Machichnus is an ichnogenus. It was erected by Mikuláš et al. (2006) for shallow, thin, discrete, parallel to subparallel, smooth-bottomed scratches, occurring on bone tissue in small groups or series. According to modern analogues, the series of scratches represent marks of teeth of carnivorous or scavenging reptilians and mammals. Such traces are quite frequent in the fossil record since the mid-Mesozoic, but they have seldom been described in detail.

The type species/specimen of Machichnus comes from the Miocene of the Czech Republic. In this case, crocodiles are suspect as tracemakers.

Machichnus originally contained three ichnospecies: Machichnus regularis, Machichnus multilineatus, and Machichnus bohemicus. The ichnogenera Brutalichnus and Nihilichnus were described in the same paper.
Bettona
Bettona (Latin: Vettona) is an ancient town and comune of Italy, in the province of Perugia in central Umbria, at the northern edge of the Colli Martani range.

The town lies 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Torgiano and 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south-west of Assisi. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Cenap Aşcı
Cenap Aşcı (born 1967) is a Turkish politician and civil servant who served as the Minister of Customs and Trade in the interim election government formed by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu from 28 August to 17 November 2015. Two days before he was appointed as a Minister, he had been appointed as the Undersecretary to the Customs and Trade Ministry on 26 August 2015. He had applied to become a Justice and Development Party (AKP) parliamentary candidate in both the 2011 and June 2015 general elections, but was unsuccessful on both occasions.

63rd cabinet of Turkey
The Second Cabinet of Ahmet Davutoğlu was a temporary election government formed by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu on the request of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. It is also referred to as the Second Davutoğlu Cabinet. As the 63rd government of Turkey, the cabinet presided over the November 2015 general election and dissolved after a new government is formed after the election. It is the first such government to take office in the history of the Turkish Republic.

After the Justice and Development Party (AKP) won back its majority in the November election, the interim election government formally dissolved on 24 November 2015 and was succeeded by AKP leader Ahmet Davutoğlu's third government.
Apricale
Apricale (Ligurian: Avrigâ, locally Bligal or Vrigà) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Imperia.

Apricale borders the following municipalities: Bajardo, Castelvittorio, Dolceacqua, Isolabona, Perinaldo, Pigna, Rocchetta Nervina, and Sanremo. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Castel Vittorio
Castelvittorio (Ligurian: Caste, locally U Casté) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Imperia.

Castelvittorio borders the following municipalities: Apricale, Bajardo, Isolabona, Molini di Triora, Pigna and Triora.

The parish church of St. Stephen houses 16th or 17th century bas-relief, a Crucifixion of Jesus by Marcello Venusti (late 16th century) and a crucifix by Anton Maria Maragliano.
Newmarket-on-Fergus GAA
Newmarket-on-Fergus GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Newmarket-on-Fergus, County Clare, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Clare County Board and fields teams in both hurling and Gaelic football.

2012 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 2012 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 117th staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

Crusheen entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 28 October 2012 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Newmarket-on-Fergus and Crusheen, in what was their second meeting in the final overall. Newmarket-on-Fergus won the match by 3–10 to 0–09 to claim a record 23rd championship title overall and a first championship title in 31 years.
Patrick Thoresen
Patrick Thoresen (born 7 November 1983) is a Norwegian former professional ice hockey left winger who last played for Djurgårdens IF of the Swedish Hockey League. He has a younger brother, Steffen who's also an ice hockey player. His father Petter was one of Norway's players who played at five Olympic Winter Games (1980–1994).  Thoresen would follow in his father's footsteps and play in the Winter Olympics in Vancouver 2010 and Sochi 2014.

Salavat Yulaev Ufa
Hockey Club Salavat Yulaev (Russian: Хоккейный клуб «Салават Юлаев», romanized: Hokkejnyj klub «Salavat Julajev»; Bashkir: «Салауат Юлаев» хоккей клубы, romanized: «Salawat Yulayev» xokkey klubı), commonly referred as Salavat Yulaev Ufa, is a professional ice hockey club based in Ufa, Russia. It is a member of the Chernyshev Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Established in 1957, Salavat Yulaev spent the Soviet era mainly in the lower divisions, only appearing in the top league for five seasons, though since the dissolution of the Soviet Union they have been in the top league in Russia.

They have won the Gagarin Cup as the KHL champion once, in 2011, and have won the regular season championship twice, in 2009 and 2010, winning the inaugural Continental Cup for the latter. They also won the final Russian Superleague title, in 2008.
Nostitz (Weißenberg)
Nostitz (Upper Sorbian: Nosaćicy) is a village and a former municipality in the federal state of Saxony in Germany. It was absorbed into the town Weißenberg in 1994. The Nostitz family is named after it.

The theologian and author Adam Gottlob Schirach (1724–1773) was born in Nostitz.

Weißenberg
Weißenberg (German, pronounced [ˈvaɪsn̩ˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) or Wóspork (Upper Sorbian, pronounced [ˈwʊspɔʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Bautzen, in Saxony, in eastern Germany. The Upper Lusatian town has approximately 3,100 inhabitants and is part of the recognized Sorbian settlement area in Saxony.