hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eucalyptus oil
Eucalyptus oil is the generic name for distilled oil from the leaves of Eucalyptus, a genus of the plant family Myrtaceae, mostly native to Australia but cultivated worldwide. Eucalyptus oil has a history of wide application, as a pharmaceutical, antiseptic, repellent, flavouring and fragrance, as well as having industrial uses. The leaves of selected Eucalyptus species are steam distilled to extract eucalyptus oil.

Eucalyptus globulus
Eucalyptus globulus, commonly known as southern blue gum or blue gum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is a tall, evergreen tree endemic to southeastern Australia. This Eucalyptus species has mostly smooth bark, juvenile leaves that are whitish and waxy on the lower surface, glossy green, lance-shaped adult leaves, glaucous, ribbed flower buds arranged singly or in groups of three or seven in leaf axils, white flowers and woody fruit.

There are four subspecies, each with a different distribution across Australia, occurring in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. The subspecies are the Victorian blue gum, Tasmanian blue gum, Maiden's gum, and Victorian eurabbie.
Isidoro Rudimch
Isidoro Rudimch (4 April 1942 – 31 August 1999) was a Palauan entrepreneur, politician and President of the Senate of Palau.

Rudimch was born 4 April 1942 in Koror. He attended Xavier High School in Truk, and St. Joseph High School in Hilo and Chaminade College in Hawai'i. He was an entrepreneur in Koror.

Rudimch was elected as a member of the Congress of Micronesia lower house, House of Representatives, in 1970s.

Rudimch was a candidate for Vice President of Palau in the 1980 elections, but did not succeed. Rudimch was elected to the Senate of Palau four times, from January 1985 until his death. He was elected as the President of the Senate of Palau three times: from January 1985 to October 1986, from 1991 to November 1992 and February 1997 until his death 31 August 1999.

Rudimch had eight children including Eyos Rudimch and Mark Rudimch.

Mark Rudimch
Mark Ucherbelau Rudimch is a Palauan businessman and politician and current member of the Senate of Palau.

He is an entrepreneur and businessman. He has been a senator since January 2009, elected to the Senate of Palau in the 2008 elections, and has been re-elected since.
He has been Vice President of the Senate. He was also elected to the second Palauan constitutional convention.

He is a son of Isidoro Rudimch.
Flussio
Flussio (Sardinian: Frussìo) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 492 and an area of 6.9 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi).

Flussio borders the following municipalities: Magomadas, Modolo, Sagama, Scano di Montiferro, Sennariolo, Suni, Tinnura, Tresnuraghes.

Magomadas
Magomadas (Sardinian: Magumadas) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Oristano.
Ivanpah Valley
The Ivanpah Valley is in southeastern California and southern Nevada in the United States. The valley is between the New York Mountains and the Ivanpah Mountains in San Bernardino County on the California side, and in Clark County on the Nevada side. The communities of Cima, California; Nipton, California; Jean, Nevada; and Primm, Nevada are in the valley. The Ivanpah Dry Lake, a popular place for land sailing, and the site of the proposed Southern Nevada Supplemental Airport also lie in the valley.

The headwaters of the valley lie in the south and southeast in the north of the Mojave National Preserve; the southeast of the valley is a water divide point at the south of the McCullough Range, with four valleys, and four mountain ranges. (The Piute Valley drains southeast into the Colorado River; the Eldorado Valley northeast is endorheic.)

The Ivanpah valley is featured in the 2010 video game Fallout: New Vegas.

Ivanpah Lake
Ivanpah Lake is a dry lake bed in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California on the border of California and Nevada. Nestled in the Ivanpah Valley near Primm on Interstate 15, the 13-square-mile (34 km2) lake is almost entirely within California. At the north edge of the lake lie the Nevada Welcome Center (closed) and a California Lottery retailer. It is a popular place for land sailing and kite buggying.

On March 26, 2009, the world land speed record for a wind-powered vehicle was set here by the Greenbird, clocked at 126.1 mph (202.9 km/h).
Blantyre Greyhound Stadium
Blantyre Greyhound Stadium also known as Craighead Park was a greyhound racing and speedway stadium in Blantyre, South Lanarkshire, near Glasgow.

The track opened on 6 October 1933 as an independent (unlicensed) track and was popular with the miners from the pit well and Whistleberry colliery. The track was owned by Frank Doonin.

The stadium hosted the Glasgow Tigers from 1977 to 1981.

It closed on 22 April 1982 and the site was redeveloped to incorporate the new A725 road (linking the town to the M74 motorway).

Glasgow Tigers (speedway)
Glasgow Tigers are a motorcycle speedway team from Glasgow, Scotland. Formed in 1928, the club adopted the Tigers nickname in 1946 and compete in the British SGB Championship. The team race at Ashfield Stadium and celebrated their 75th anniversary in 2021.
Henry of Nassau-Dillenburg
Henry of Nassau, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (Dillenburg, 15 October 1550 – Mook, 14 April 1574), was the youngest brother of William I of Orange-Nassau.

He was the twelfth and last child of William the Rich and Juliana of Stolberg-Werningerode, and was raised a Lutheran. He studied in Leuven and Strasbourg. He and his brothers William and Louis joined the Huguenot army of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé and took part in the Battle of Moncontour (30 October 1569). Henry fell in the Battle of Mookerheyde at the age of 23. His elder brother Louis was also killed in this battle. Their bodies have never been recovered.

Louis of Nassau
Louis of Nassau  (Dutch: Lodewijk van Nassau, 10 January 1538 – 14 April 1574) was a Dutch nobleman, the third son of William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg, and the younger brother of Prince William of Orange Nassau.

Louis was a key figure in the revolt of the Netherlands against Spain and a strongly convinced Calvinist, unlike his brother William, whom he helped in various ways, including by arranging the marriage between him and his second wife Anna of Saxony. In 1569 William appointed him governor of the principality of Orange, giving him an indisputable position in French politics.
Andrew Lockley
Andrew Lockley (born 5 May 1971) is a British visual effects supervisor most known for working on most of Christopher Nolan's films.

He won at the 83rd Academy Awards for the film Inception in the category of Best Visual Effects. His win was shared with Peter Bebb, Chris Corbould and Paul Franklin. He won again at the 87th Academy Awards for the film Interstellar, along with Franklin, again for Best Visual Effects, with Ian Hunter, and Scott Fisher and again at the 93rd Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects, as one of several winners, for Christopher Nolan's Tenet (2020) with Andrew Jackson, David Lee, and Fisher.

He has also been nominated 5 times for the BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects, winning on two occasions for the films Inception and Interstellar, with the other nominations being for The Dark Knight Rises, Dunkirk and Tenet.

Andrew Jackson (visual effects)
Andrew Jackson is an English Australian visual effects supervisor. He has worked on various feature films, including 300 (2006), Knowing (2009), Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), Dunkirk (2017), The King (2019), Tenet (2020), and Oppenheimer (2023).

Jackson was nominated at the 88th Academy Awards for his work on the film Mad Max: Fury Road in the category of Best Visual Effects. His nomination was shared with Andy Williams, Dan Oliver, and Tom Wood.

He won at the 93rd Academy Awards for his work on the film Tenet in the category of Best Visual Effects. His nomination was shared with David Lee, Andrew Lockley and Scott Fisher.
San Diego International Law Journal
The San Diego International Law Journal is a peer-reviewed, student-run law journal covering international law at the University of San Diego School of Law. It publishes scholarly articles and student notes on issues of international, comparative, and foreign law.

The journal has been cited by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development division of the World Bank, and the European Journal of International Law.

University of San Diego School of Law
The University of San Diego School of Law (USD Law) is the law school of the University of San Diego, a private Roman Catholic research university in San Diego, California. Founded in 1954, the law school has held ABA approval since 1961. It joined the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) in 1966.
Astilbe japonica
Astilbe japonica, called false buck's beard, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Astilbe, native to Japan, and introduced in New York State. Its hybrid cultivars 'Deutschland', 'Montgomery', and 'Rheinland' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Astilbe
Astilbe /əˈstɪlbiː/ is a genus of 18 species of rhizomatous flowering plants within the family Saxifragaceae, native to mountain ravines and woodlands in Asia and North America. Some species are known by the common names false goat's beard and false spirea.

Species range from New Guinea, Java, Borneo, and the Philippines to Indochina, the Himalayas, China, Japan, and the Russian Far East, and to the southeastern United States.

These hardy herbaceous perennials are cultivated by gardeners for their large, handsome, often fern-like foliage and dense, feathery plumes of flowers. They are widely adapted to shade and water-logged conditions, hence they are particularly associated with pond-side planting. They also tolerate clay soils well. Numerous hybrid cultivars have been raised. Flowers of at least some Astilbe species have a strong and pleasant aroma. Some species, including Astilbe rivularis, are used in traditional medicine.
Moti Ram Mehra
Baba Moti Ram Mehra (fl. late 17th – early 18th century) was a devoted disciple of Guru Gobind Singh  who, disregarding the risk to his own life, managed to enter the Thanda Burj and serve milk to Mata Gujri, Baba Zorawar Singh and Baba Fateh Singh, the sons of Guru Gobind Singh for three nights, where they were kept under arrest by the Mughal Governor of Sirhind, Wazir Khan.

Mata Gujri
Mata Gujri (Gurmukhi: ਮਾਤਾ ਗੁਜਰੀ; mātā gujarī; 1624–1705), also spelt as Mata Gujari, was the wife of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhism, and the mother of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of Sikhism. She played a central role in the history of Sikhism and is one of the four consorts bestowed with the title of Guru-Mahal.
Listed buildings in Formby
Formby is a civil parish in Sefton, Merseyside, England.  It contains 27 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.   Of these, two are listed at  Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  Most of the parish is occupied by the town of Formby, and the majority of the listed buildings are cottages or houses and associated structures, the oldest cottages dating back to the 16th century with a timber-framed core.  The other listed buildings include churches and associated structures, a former convent, a schoolhouse converted into a restaurant, a set of stocks, and a cross on a roundabout.

Formby
Formby is a town and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, England.

Historically in Merseyside, three manors are recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 under "Fornebei", Halsall, Walton and Poynton. Cockle raking and shrimp fishing lasted into the 19th century. By 1872, the township and sub-district was made up of two chapelries (St Peter's and St Luke's), Birkdale township, the hamlets of Ainsdale and Raven-Meols and Altcar parish. Formby was built on the plain adjoining the Irish Sea coast a few miles north of the Crosby channel.

A commuter town for Liverpool, Formby is also a tourist destination with day trippers attracted to its beaches, sand dunes and wildlife, particularly the endangered red squirrel and natterjack toad. The area is conserved by the National Trust, and designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Crank–Nicolson method
In numerical analysis, the Crank–Nicolson method is a finite difference method used for numerically solving the heat equation and similar partial differential equations. It is a second-order method in time. It is implicit in time, can be written as an implicit Runge–Kutta method, and it is numerically stable. The method was developed by John Crank and Phyllis Nicolson in the 1940s.

For diffusion equations (and many other equations), it can be shown the Crank–Nicolson method is unconditionally stable. However, the approximate solutions can still contain (decaying) spurious oscillations if the ratio of time step  times the thermal diffusivity to the square of space step, , is large (typically, larger than 1/2 per Von Neumann stability analysis). For this reason, whenever large time steps or high spatial resolution is necessary, the less accurate backward Euler method is often used, which is both stable and immune to oscillations.

Explicit and implicit methods
Explicit and implicit methods are approaches used in numerical analysis for obtaining numerical approximations to the solutions of time-dependent ordinary and partial differential equations, as is required in computer simulations of physical processes. Explicit methods calculate the state of a system at a later time from the state of the system at the current time, while implicit methods find a solution by solving an equation involving both the current state of the system and the later one. Mathematically, if  is the current system state and  is the state at the later time ( is a small time step), then, for an explicit method

while for an implicit method one solves an equation

to find
Ron Shepherd (bishop)
Ronald Francis Shepherd (15 July 1926 – 12 October 2012) was the tenth Anglican Bishop of British Columbia, serving from 1984 to 1991.

Shepherd was educated at the University of British Columbia and trained for the priesthood at King's College London and ordained in 1953. Following a curacy at St Stephen's, Rochester Row he was Rector of St Paul's, Glanford, Ontario and then All Saints, Winnipeg. He was Dean of Edmonton from 1967, and then, from 1969, Dean of Montreal before his election to the episcopate in 1984.

Shepherd's daughter, Mary Shepherd, published an illustrated volume of his letters, entitled “It Happened at the Cathedral.” The book includes his personal letters, his sermons, as well as poetry, all accompanied by her collages and portraits.

It Happened at the Cathedral
"It Happened at the Cathedral" is an illustrated volume of selected letters of Bishop R. F. Shepherd, dating from 1948 to 2012. It chronicles his experiences over several decades, serving as an Anglican rector, dean, and bishop in various parts of Canada, and also as a "Snowbird" rector in the States during the 1990s at Borrego Springs, California.

The book was compiled and published autonomously by Shepherd's daughter, Mary. The autobiography-in-letters features her father's official letters, personal letters, and poetry, and each entry is complemented by Mary's visual artwork, in the form of collages, portraits, and photographs.
Colonna (rione of Rome)
Colonna is the 3rd rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. III and located at the city's historic center in Municipio I. It takes its name from the Column of Marcus Aurelius in the Piazza Colonna, the rione's  main square.

The rione's coat of arms is a now a silver column, representing the Column of Marcus Aurelius, on a red background. However, the insignia originally consisted of three azure bands against a silver background.

Ludovisi (rione of Rome)
Ludovisi (Italian: [ludoˈviːzi]) is the 16th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. XVI and located within the Municipio I.

Its coat of arms depicts three golden bands and a golden dragon on a red background. It is the coat of arms of the noble Ludovisi family, which here owned the beautiful villa bearing the same name. The villa and the surrounding gardens, except for a single building, the Villa Aurora, were destroyed at the end of the 19th century to build the new district.
Internet activism
Internet activism involves the use of electronic-communication technologies such as social media, e-mail, and podcasts for various forms of activism to enable faster and more effective communication by citizen movements, the delivery of particular information to large and specific audiences, as well as coordination. Internet technologies are used by activists for cause-related fundraising, community building, lobbying, and organizing. A digital-activism campaign is "an
organized public effort, making collective claims on a target authority, in which civic initiators or supporters use digital media."  Research has started to address specifically how activist/advocacy groups in the U.S. and in Canada use social media to achieve digital-activism objectives.

MoveOn
MoveOn (formerly known as MoveOn.org) is a progressive public policy advocacy group and political action committee. Formed in 1998 around one of the first massively viral email petitions, MoveOn has since grown into one of the largest and most impactful grassroots progressive campaigning communities in the United States, with a membership of millions. MoveOn did not endorse a candidate during the 2020 presidential primary campaign; it then endorsed and actively supported Joe Biden in the general election. MoveOn endorsed Kamala Harris, the then-current vice president of the United States, as the Democratic Party nominee for president in the 2024 presidential election. Katie Bethell has been Executive Director of MoveOn Civic Action and MoveOn Political Action since July 2025, replacing Rahna Epting.
Electoral district of Gloucester
32°00′34″S 151°57′37″E﻿ / ﻿32.0094°S 151.9603°E﻿ / -32.0094; 151.9603

Gloucester was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, originally created in 1880, partly replacing Williams, and named after Gloucester (which it included) or Gloucester County (which it overlapped). In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Oxley, along with Raleigh. It was recreated in 1927, and abolished in 1988 and replaced by Myall Lakes and Port Stephens.

Electoral district of Raleigh
Raleigh was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, originally created in 1894, partly replacing Macleay, and named after Raleigh County. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Oxley, along with Gloucester. It was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1981 and partly replaced by Coffs Harbour.
Kanagawa 14th district
Kanagawa 14th district (神奈川県第14区, Kanagawa-ken dai-ju-yonku or simply 神奈川14区, Kanagawa-ju-yonku) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan located in Kanagawa Prefecture.

Sagamihara
Sagamihara (相模原市, Sagamihara-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of May 1, 2021, the city has an estimated population of 723,470, with 334,812 households, and a population density of 1,220 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 328.91 square kilometres (126.99 sq mi). Sagamihara is the third-most-populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki, and the fifth most populous suburb of the Greater Tokyo Area. Its northern neighbor is Machida, with which a cross-prefectural merger has been proposed.

On April 1, 2010, the city became the 19th city designated by government ordinance. As a result of this, three wards were established: Midori-ku, Chūō-ku and Minami-ku.
Yamanashi Prefectural Museum
Yamanashi Prefectural Museum (山梨県立博物館, Yamanashi kenritsu hakubutsukan) opened in Fuefuki, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan in 2005. The collection relates to the natural history, history, and culture of Yamanashi Prefecture; special exhibitions are also held.

Fuefuki
Fuefuki (笛吹市, Fuefuki-shi) is a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2020, the city had an estimated population of 67,300 in 30,408 households, and a population density of 340 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 201.92 square kilometres (77.96 sq mi).
Sutton Howgrave
Sutton Howgrave is a village in North Yorkshire, England. It is the only village in the civil parish of Sutton with Howgrave. The population of the parish was estimated at 70 in 2014.

Sutton Howgrave was mentioned in the Domesday Book (as Sudtone) and in the Middle Ages it was a manor in the parish of Kirklington in the North Riding of Yorkshire.  It remained a township of Kirklington until 1866, when it became a separate civil parish, now known as Sutton with Howgrave.

Despite its name, the parish of Sutton with Howgrave does not include all of Howgrave, which is a separate civil parish.

The civil parish of Sutton with Howgrave was part of the district of Hambleton from 1974 to 2023, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council. Since 1978 it has shared the grouped parish council of Kirklington with Sutton Howgrave with the parishes of Kirklington-cum-Upsland and Howgrave.

Kirklington, North Yorkshire
Kirklington is a village in the English county of North Yorkshire close to the A1(M) motorway. Kirklington forms the major part of the civil parish of Kirklington-cum-Upsland.

The population of the parish in the 2001 UK Census was 277, 315 in the 2011 census and estimated to be 220 in 2014.
Hofwegen
Hofwegen is a hamlet in Molenlanden, which is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is located on the south bank of the small river Graafstroom. It is now considered to be part of the village of Bleskensgraaf, which lies on the opposite bank.

Hofwegen was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1855, when it became part of the municipality of Bleskensgraaf en Hofwegen. In 1986, Bleskensgraaf en Hofwegen became part of the municipality of Graafstroom. Last one has become part of the new municipality of Molenwaard in 2013.

Molenlanden
Molenlanden (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmoːlə(n)ˌlɑndə(n)]) is a municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 by merging the municipalities of Giessenlanden en Molenwaard. It is located east of Rotterdam along and south of the Lek. The World Heritage Site of Kinderdijk is in the municipality. Its largest population centers are Nieuw-Lekkerland and Giessenburg.

The municipality includes the settlements of Arkel, Bleskensgraaf, Brandwijk, De Donk, Gelkenes, Gijbeland, Giessen-Oudekerk, Giessenburg, Goudriaan, Graafland, Groot-Ammers, Hofwegen Hoogblokland, Hoornaar, Kinderdijk, Kooiwijk, Langerak, Liesveld, Molenaarsgraaf, Nieuw-Lekkerland, Nieuwpoort, Noordeloos, Ottoland, Oud-Alblas, Schelluinen, Streefkerk, Vuilendam, Waal, and Wijngaarden.