hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tadcaster Bridge
Tadcaster Bridge or Wharfe Bridge spans the River Wharfe in Tadcaster, North Yorkshire, England. The road bridge is believed to date from around 1700. It is the main route connecting the two sides of the town and one of two road crossings in the town, the other being the bridge for the A64 bypass. Tadcaster Bridge partially collapsed on 29 December 2015 after flooding that followed Storm Eva, and reopened on 3 February 2017.

Tadcaster
Tadcaster is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 15 miles (24 km) north-east of Leeds and 10 miles (16 km) south-west of York.

Its historical importance from Roman times onward was largely as the lowest road crossing-point on the River Wharfe until the construction of the A64 Tadcaster by-pass some 660 yards (600 m) to the south, in 1978. There are two rail crossings downstream of the town before the Wharfe joins the River Ouse near Cawood. Thanks to its position on the banks of the River Wharfe parts of the town adjacent to the bridge are prone to flooding.

The town was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, but is now part of North Yorkshire. Tadcaster is twinned with Saint-Chély-d'Apcher in France.
Whitney's planarity criterion
In mathematics, Whitney's planarity criterion is a matroid-theoretic characterization of planar graphs, named after Hassler Whitney. It states that a graph G is planar if and only if its graphic matroid is also cographic (that is, it is the dual matroid of another graphic matroid).

In purely graph-theoretic terms, this criterion can be stated as follows: There must be another (dual) graph G′ = (V′,E′) and a bijective correspondence between the edges E′ and the edges E of the original graph G, such that a subset T of E forms a spanning tree of G if and only if the edges corresponding to the complementary subset E − T form a spanning tree of G′.

Graphic matroid
In the mathematical theory of matroids, a graphic matroid (also called a cycle matroid or polygon matroid) is a matroid whose independent sets are the forests in a given finite undirected graph. The dual matroids of graphic matroids are called co-graphic matroids or bond matroids. A matroid that is both graphic and co-graphic is sometimes called a planar matroid (but this should not be confused with matroids of rank 3, which generalize planar point configurations); these are exactly the graphic matroids formed from planar graphs.
Anthony DiMaria
Anthony DiMaria (born May 14, 1966) is an American actor, producer, author, and director. He is also known for preserving the legacy of his uncle, Jay Sebring, a pioneering stylist who was killed by members of the Manson Family in 1969, during what is now known as the Tate murders.

Jay Sebring....Cutting to the Truth
Jay Sebring....Cutting to the Truth is a 2020 American documentary film that studies Jay Sebring's life as the first international pioneer in the industry of men's style and hair.  Cited as the inspiration for Warren Beatty's character in the 1975 film Shampoo, Jay Sebring's life ended at age 35 when he and four others were killed by the Manson family in what would become known as the Tate murders.

Jay Sebring....Cutting to the Truth premiered at the 2020 Cinequest Film & Creativity Festival, where it was signed to North American streaming distribution by Shout Studios on 26 February 2020. Vice president of Shout acquisitions Jordan Fields remarked, "(Cutting to the Truth) is an intimate, fascinating portrait of a man whose legacy is so much more than how he died. It's how he lived that is the main subject here, and his profound contribution to an entire industry, as well as to the style of the 1960s, is expertly, and finally, celebrated."
Mariefred Charterhouse
Mariefred Charterhouse, sometimes referred to as Gripsholm Charterhouse (Swedish: Mariefreds kloster, Latin: Monasterium Pacis Mariae or Pax Mariae), was a Carthusian monastery, or charterhouse, in the present town of Mariefred in Södermanland, Sweden, to which it gave its name; before the building of the monastery the place was known as Gripsholm. It was the only Carthusian monastery in Scandinavia, and one of the last monasteries established in Sweden before the Reformation.

Diocese of Strängnäs
The Diocese of Strängnäs (Swedish: Strängnäs stift) is a part of the Lutheran Church of Sweden and has its seat in Strängnäs Cathedral in Strängnäs, south of Lake Mälaren. The diocese is made up of the two provinces Närke and Södermanland (except for eastern Södermanland, which belongs to Stockholm County and the Diocese of Stockholm).

The diocese was first a Latin Catholic suffragan of the then Danish Diocese of Lund, which in 1104 was elevated to an archdiocese and became the Metropolitan see of all of Scandinavia. From 1164 on Strängnäs was suffragan to the Swedish archbishop of Uppsala. It was established during the 12th century by the English missionary Saint Eskil.
Boghaunter
Williamsonia is a genus of small dragonflies in the family Corduliidae. They are commonly known as boghaunters. Unlike other genera of emerald dragonflies, they have dark eyes and nonmetallic bodies. The genus was established by entomologist William T. Davis and named after the American banker and amateur odonatologist Edward Bruce Williamson.

Corduliidae
Corduliidae, also knowns as the emeralds, emerald dragonflies, or green-eyed skimmers, is a family of dragonflies. These dragonflies are usually black or dark brown with areas of metallic green or yellow, and most of them have large, emerald-green eyes. The larvae are black, hairy-looking, and usually semiaquatic. This family include species called "baskettails", "emeralds", "sundragons", "shadowdragons", and "boghaunters". They are not uncommon and are found nearly worldwide, but some individual species are quite rare. Hine's emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana), for example, is an endangered species in the United States.

Corduliidae are known to occasionally take quantities of their eggs at the tip of their stomach, before then sticking their eggs in mud or water using a sprout-like appendage that extends from their abdomens.
Kaiserdamm (Berlin U-Bahn)
Kaiserdamm is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on line U2. It is linked to the Messe Nord/ICC station of the Berlin S-Bahn.

Opened in 1908, this station was built by A. Grenander. In 1936, it was renamed to Kaiserdamm/Messedamm; in 1967 it got the name Adenauerdamm (Messedamm). However, protests from the people living nearby led to another change to the former name (Adenauer — the chancellor of West Germany was not well liked in Berlin in these days).

Messe Nord/ZOB station
Messe Nord/ZOB is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. It is located on the Ringbahn circle line, served by S-Bahn lines S41/S42 and S46. It is linked to the Kaiserdamm U-Bahn station on line U2 via a short footpath.

On 15 December 2024, the new name of the station was changed from Messe Nord/ICC (Witzleben).
Iron bis(diethyldithiocarbamate)
Iron bis(diethyldithiocarbamate) is a coordination complex with the formula [Fe(S2CNEt2)2]2 where Et = ethyl (C2H5).  A red solid, iron bis(diethyldithiocarbamate) is representative of several ferrous dithiocarbamates with diverse substituents in place of ethyl.  In terms of structure, the species is dimeric, consisting of a pair of pentacoordinate iron(II) centers.  It is structurally related to zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate).

Transition metal dithiocarbamate complexes
Transition metal dithiocarbamate complexes are coordination complexes containing one or more dithiocarbamate ligand, which are typically abbreviated R2dtc−.  Many complexes are known. Several homoleptic derivatives have the formula M(R2dtc)n where n = 2 and 3.
Cianciana
Cianciana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located in the middle valley of the Platani river, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Palermo and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Agrigento. The Monte Cammarata, elevation 1,579 metres (5,180 ft) above sea level, part of the Monti Sicani chain, is nearby.

Cianciana borders the following municipalities: Alessandria della Rocca, Bivona, Cattolica Eraclea, Ribera, Sant'Angelo Muxaro.

Sant'Angelo Muxaro
Sant'Angelo Muxaro (Italian: [sanˈtandʒelo muʃˈʃaːro]; Sicilian: Sant'Àncilu Muxaru or Musciaru; Arbëreshë Albanian: Shënt'Ëngjëlli) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region of Sicily, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Palermo and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Agrigento. The town was founded and historically inhabited by the Arbëreshë community.

Sant'Angelo Muxaro borders the following municipalities: Agrigento, Alessandria della Rocca, Aragona, Casteltermini, Cattolica Eraclea, Cianciana, Raffadali, San Biagio Platani, Santa Elisabetta.
Firuzeh
Firuzeh (Persian: فيروزه) is a city in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It was the administrative center for Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Bozquchan. The village of Bozghan was converted to a city in 1995 and renamed Firuzeh in 2011.

Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District
Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان تخت جلگه) is in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bozquchan. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Firuzeh.
The Atheist Experience
The Atheist Experience (familiarly known as AXP) is an American live, weekly televised webcast based in Austin, Texas, United States. Listeners are encouraged to call in to discuss the existence of God and related topics. Calls from theists are usually given priority, as the aim of the webcast is to encourage theists to question their theistic beliefs and thus, theists are often asked to explain what they believe, and why.

American Atheists
American Atheists is a non-profit organization in the United States dedicated to defending the civil liberties of atheists and advocating complete separation of church and state. It provides speakers for colleges, universities, clubs, and the news media. It also publishes books and American Atheist Magazine.

The organization was founded in 1963 by Madalyn Murray O'Hair. She had earlier filed a lawsuit against her school board, with her son William J. Murray as plaintiff, to challenge compulsory prayer and Bible-reading in public schools. Her case, Murray v. Curlett, was consolidated with Abington School District v. Schempp before being heard by the United States Supreme Court. In 1963, the Supreme Court ruled that mandatory Bible reading in public schools was unconstitutional.
Stass Paraskos
Stass Paraskos (Greek: Στας Παράσκος; 17 March 1933 – 4 March 2014) was a British-Cypriot painter, sculptor, and writer. Born and raised in Cyprus, he spent much of his life working and teaching in England, where he famously became embroiled in a 1966 obscenity trial, before returning to Cyprus to open the island's first school of art.

Ian Dury
Ian Robins Dury (12 May 1942 –  27 March 2000) was an English singer, songwriter and actor who rose to fame in the late 1970s, during the punk and new wave era of rock music. He was the lead singer and lyricist of Kilburn and the High Roads, the Kilburns, Ian Dury and the Blockheads and Ian Dury and the Music Students.
2025–26 Indian Super League
The 2025–26 Indian Super League is the 12th season of the Indian Super League (ISL) and the 30th season of top-tier Indian football. It commenced on 14th February and ends on 17th May 2026 with 91 matches to be played in this period. The Indian Super League (ISL) 2025–26 season will be broadcast on the Sony Sports Network after FanCode sublicensed the linear TV rights to the media conglomerate.

The season will run from February to May and will include a 13-round league stage. At the end of the league stage, the club finishing top will be declared champion and awarded the ISL trophy. The ISL winner will qualify directly for the subsequent season's AFC Champions League Two qualifying stage.

2024–25 I-League
The 2024–25 I-League was the 18th season of the I-League and the third season as the second tier of the Indian football league system. Mohammedan were the reigning champions, having won the 2023–24 I-League.

Churchill Brothers were initially declared the provisional champions of I-League by AIFF, but the decision was later overturned by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) who declared Inter Kashi the champions, allowing them promotion to the Indian Super League.
Tetrafluoroammonium
The tetrafluoroammonium cation (also known as perfluoroammonium) is a positively charged polyatomic ion with chemical formula NF+4. It is equivalent to the ammonium ion where the hydrogen atoms surrounding the central nitrogen atom have been replaced by fluorine. Tetrafluoroammonium ion is isoelectronic with tetrafluoromethane CF4, trifluoramine oxide ONF3, tetrafluoroborate BF−4 anion and the tetrafluoroberyllate BeF2−4 anion.

The tetrafluoroammonium ion forms salts with a large variety of fluorine-bearing anions. These include the bifluoride anion (HF−2), tetrafluorobromate (BrF−4), metal pentafluorides (MF−5 where M is Ge, Sn, or Ti), hexafluorides (MF−6 where M is P, As, Sb, Bi, or Pt), heptafluorides (MF−7 where M is W, U, or Xe), octafluorides (XeF2−8), various oxyfluorides (MF5O− where M is W or U; FSO−3, BrF4O−), and perchlorate (ClO−4). Attempts to make the nitrate salt, NF4NO3, were unsuccessful because of quick fluorination: NF+4 + NO−3 → NF3 + FONO2.

Ammonium
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom.  It is a positively charged (cationic) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH+4 or [NH4]+. It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH3). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged (protonated) substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations ([NR4]+), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic or other groups (indicated by R). Not only is ammonium a source of nitrogen and a key metabolite for many living organisms, but it is an integral part of the global nitrogen cycle. As such, human impact in recent years could have an effect on the biological communities that depend on it.
Coconino County, Arizona
Coconino County is a county in the  North-Central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. Its population was 145,101 at the 2020 census. The county seat is Flagstaff. The county takes its name from Cohonino, a name applied to the Havasupai people. It is the second-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, behind San Bernardino County, California. It has 18,661 sq mi (48,332 km2), or 16.4% of Arizona's total area, and is larger than the nine smallest states in the U.S.

Coconino County comprises the Flagstaff metropolitan statistical area, Grand Canyon National Park, the federally recognized Havasupai Nation, and parts of the federally recognized Navajo, Hualapai, and Hopi nations. As a result, its relatively large Native American population makes up nearly 30% of the county's total population; it is mostly Navajo, with smaller numbers of other tribes.

The county was the setting for George Herriman's early 20th-century Krazy Kat comic strip.

Kaibab Indian Reservation
The Kaibab Indian Reservation is the home of the Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians (Southern Paiute Language: Kai'vi'vits), a federally recognized tribe of Southern Paiutes. The Indian reservation is located in northern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. It covers a land area of 188.75 square miles (488.9 km2) in northeastern Mohave County and northwestern Coconino County adjacent to the southern Utah border. The Pipe Spring National Monument lies in the southwestern section of the reservation. The Thunder Mountain Pootseev Dark-sky preserve is colocated with the reservation.

As of the 2000 census, its population was 196.
Lilian May Miller
Lilian May Miller (July 20, 1895 – January 11, 1943) was an American painter, woodblock printmaker and poet born in Tokyo, Japan.  In the world of art she marked her place with imagery, while she attended presentations in traditional kimonos, and signed her paintings with a monogram.

She practiced oil painting, watercolor painting, book illustrations, photography, and printing. Trained in Japan in traditional painting styles and techniques, Lilian May Miller created lyrical sketches, ink paintings and woodblock prints representing people and landscapes from Japan and Korea, the countries where she spent most of her life.

Helen Hyde
Helen Hyde (April 6, 1868 – May 13, 1919) was an American etcher and engraver.  She is best known for her color etching process and woodblock prints reflecting Japanese women and children characterizations.
Signed distance function
In mathematics and its applications, the signed distance function or signed distance field (SDF) is the orthogonal distance of a given point x to the boundary of a set Ω in a metric space (such as the surface of a geometric shape), with the sign determined by whether or not x is in the interior of Ω. The function has positive values at points x inside Ω, it decreases in value as x approaches the boundary of Ω where the signed distance function is zero, and it takes negative values outside of Ω. However, the alternative convention is also sometimes taken instead (i.e., negative inside Ω and positive outside). The concept also sometimes goes by the name oriented distance function/field.

Sign (mathematics)
In mathematics, the sign of a real number is its property of being either positive, negative, or 0. Depending on local conventions, zero may be considered as having its own unique sign, having no sign, or having both positive and negative sign. In some contexts, it makes sense to distinguish between a positive and a negative zero.

In mathematics and physics, the phrase "change of sign" is associated with exchanging an object for its additive inverse (multiplication with −1, negation), an operation which is not restricted to real numbers. It applies among other objects to vectors, matrices, and complex numbers, which are not prescribed to be only either positive, negative, or zero.

The word "sign" is also often used to indicate binary aspects of mathematical or scientific objects, such as odd and even (sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation (cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other concepts described in § Other meanings below.
Kankamogre-Peulh
Kankamogre-Peulh is a small town in the Bittou Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso.

It is located near Kankamogre, and the appended French ethnonym Peuhl (Fula or Fulani; Fula: Fulɓe) would indicate that its population was or is mainly Fula people.

Bittou Department
Bittou or Bitou is a department or commune of Boulgou Province in eastern Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Bittou. According to the 2019 census the department has a total population of 102,400.
Brandon Jones (racing driver)
Brandon Alexander Phillip Jones (born February 18, 1997) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 20 Toyota GR Supra for Joe Gibbs Racing. He also competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, ARCA Menards Series, ARCA Menards Series East, and ARCA Menards Series West in the past.

Jones was formerly a development driver for the now-defunct Eddie Sharp Racing, Turner Scott Motorsports, and GMS Racing teams, as well as Richard Childress Racing, and Joe Gibbs Racing.

Rheem Manufacturing Company
Rheem Manufacturing Company is a privately held manufacturer that produces residential and commercial heating, cooling, water heating, pool & spa heating and commercial refrigeration products and solutions. The company also produces and sells products under the Ruud brand name. Rheem is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, and is an independent subsidiary of Paloma Industries. Chris Peel is Rheem’s president and CEO.

Rheem started in 1925 as a packaging supplier to the petroleum industry. The company also manufactures water heating and HVAC equipment in the United States. It also sells products in Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bahrain, Chile, Brazil, Canada, Iraq, Kuwait, Mexico, New Zealand, Perú, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, UAE, and Ukraine.
Guavanin 2
Guavanin 2 is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) designed using an algorithm to optimize the effectiveness of Pg-AMP1, a glycine-rich peptide found in the genome of guavas (Psidium guajava). It was originally designed in 2018 by Porto et al. in Nature Communications. Guavanin 2 has shown activity against several Gram-negative bacteria, by adopting an α-helical secondary structure in hydrophobic environments while also exhibiting a low toxicity against mammalian cells. These properties have opened the door for the peptide as possible treatment for bacterial infections, particularly antibiotic-resistant strands.

Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for antimicrobial peptides. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antimicrobials which demonstrate potential as novel therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides have been demonstrated to kill Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and even transformed or cancerous cells. Unlike the majority of conventional antibiotics it appears that antimicrobial peptides frequently destabilize biological membranes, can form transmembrane channels, and may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators.
Everette Lee DeGolyer
Everette Lee DeGolyer (October 9, 1886 – December 14, 1956), was a prominent oil company executive, petroleum exploration geophysicist and philanthropist in Dallas. He was known as "the founder of applied geophysics in the petroleum industry", and as "the father of American geophysics," and was a legendary collector of rare and often early edition books primarily in the fields of Southwestern history, railroads, law, geology, science and physics, and both English and American literature.

Eugene McDermott
Eugene McDermott (February 12, 1899 - August 23, 1973) was an American engineer and geophysicist who co-founded Geophysical Service Incorporated (GSI) in 1930 and later its parent company Texas Instruments in 1951. One of his most widely acclaimed early patented inventions enabled oil exploration equipment that used reflection seismographs to map underground rock strata using sound wave technology, a method still widely used today in oil exploration.  Other inventions ranged from geochemical applications to antisubmarine warfare, often focusing on the use of sonar.
Nasidytes
Nasidytes is an extinct genus of loon (Gaviiformes) that lived during the early Eocene in what is now Great Britain. It contains a single species, N. ypresianus. Nasidytes is the earliest unambiguously identified loon in the fossil record.

Gaviiformes
Gaviiformes (/ˈɡævi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/) is an order of aquatic birds containing the loons or divers and their closest extinct relatives. Modern gaviiformes are found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia (Europe, Asia and debatably Africa), though prehistoric species were more widespread.