hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander of Cotiaeum
Alexander of Cotyaeum (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος; c. 70–80 AD – c. 150) was a Greek grammarian, who is mentioned among the instructors of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius.  We still possess an epitaph (λόγος ἐπιτάφιος) pronounced upon him by the rhetorician Aelius Aristides, who had studied under Alexander.

Aelius Aristides
Publius Aelius Aristides Theodorus (Ancient Greek: Πόπλιος Αἴλιος Ἀριστείδης Θεόδωρος; 117–181 AD) was a Greek orator and author considered to be a prime example as a member of the Second Sophistic, a group of celebrated and highly influential orators who flourished from the reign of Nero until c. 230 AD.

More than fifty of his orations and other works survive, dating from the reigns of Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. His early success was interrupted by a decades-long series of illnesses for which he sought relief by divine communion with the god Asclepius, effected by interpreting and obeying the dreams that came to him while sleeping in the god's sacred precinct; he later recorded this experience in a series of discourses titled Sacred Tales (Hieroi Logoi). In his later life, Aristides resumed his career as an orator, achieving such notable success that Philostratus would declare that "Aristides was of all the sophists most deeply versed in his art."
Espaillat Province
Espaillat (Spanish pronunciation: [espajˈʝat], locally [ehpajˈʝat]) is one of the 32 provinces of the Dominican Republic. It is divided into 5 municipalities and its capital city is Moca. Located in north-central Dominican Republic (Cibao), it is bordered by the provinces of La Vega to the south, Santiago and Puerto Plata to the west, and María Trinidad Sánchez to the north-east. The province has a coastline to the north with the Atlantic Ocean. It is named for Ulises Francisco Espaillat (1823–1878), the 19th-century author who was briefly President of the Republic in 1876.

La Vega Province
La Vega (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈβeɣa]) is one of the 32 provinces of the Dominican Republic. It is located in the Cibao Valley, the north-central region of the country, and is divided into 4 municipalities with its capital city being the namesake of La Vega. The province borders Espaillat and Hermanas Mirabal to the north, Duarte to the east, Monseñor Nouel to the south and Santiago to the west.
Adult Swim Presents: ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead on Tour with Dethklok
Adult Swim Presents: ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead on Tour with Dethklok (also known as simply Trail of Dead/Dethklok) is a split EP released by Dethklok and ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead. It was released for free at concerts to coincide with their shared 2007–2008 tour. The EP features a CD that includes songs from both bands, and a DVD that features Metalocalypse promo videos.

Metalocalypse
Metalocalypse is an American musical adult animated television series created by Brendon Small and Tommy Blacha for Adult Swim. It premiered on August 6, 2006. The television program centers on the larger-than-life melodic death metal band Dethklok, and often portrays dark and macabre content, including such subjects as violence, death, and the drawbacks of fame, with hyperbolic black comedy. The show was widely heralded as both a parody and a pastiche of heavy metal culture.

The music, written by guitarist/creator Brendon Small, was credited to the band and featured in most episodes. The animation was often carefully synced to the music with the chord positions and fingering of the guitar parts shown in some detail. The show was canceled in 2013. In 2021, Adult Swim announced a direct-to-video film had been greenlit; the film Metalocalypse: Army of the Doomstar was released on August 22, 2023, on Blu-ray and digital.
Nordvorpommern
Nordvorpommern ("North Western Pomerania") was a Kreis (district) in the northern part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It was situated at the coast of the Baltic Sea, where it enclosed the city of Stralsund. Further to the northeast, separated from Stralsund and Nordvorpommern by the Strelasund, lies the island of Rügen, administratively part of the eponymous district. Other neighboring districts are (from east clockwise) Ostvorpommern, Demmin, Güstrow and Bad Doberan.

Rügen (district)
54°25′N 13°25′E﻿ / ﻿54.42°N 13.42°E﻿ / 54.42; 13.42

Rügen was a Kreis (district) in the northeastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

The district was bordered entirely by the Baltic Sea.  The nearest districts were Nordvorpommern and the district-free city Stralsund. The district covered the islands Rügen and Hiddensee, and several small islands like Ummanz and Vilm. It was thus the only district of Germany which consists solely of islands.
Memory leak
In computer science, a memory leak is a type of resource leak that occurs when a computer program incorrectly manages memory allocations in a way that memory which is no longer needed is not released. A memory leak may also happen when an object is stored in memory but cannot be accessed by the running code (i.e. unreachable memory). A memory leak has symptoms similar to a number of other problems and generally can only be diagnosed by a programmer with access to the program's source code.

A related concept is the "space leak", which is when a program consumes excessive memory but does eventually release it.

Because they can exhaust available system memory as an application runs, memory leaks are often the cause of or a contributing factor to software aging.

Weak reference
In computer programming, a weak reference is a reference that does not protect the referenced object from collection by a garbage collector, unlike a strong reference. An object referenced only by weak references – meaning "every chain of references that reaches the object includes at least one weak reference as a link" – is considered weakly reachable, and can be treated as unreachable and so may be collected at any time. Some garbage-collected languages feature or support various levels of weak references, such as C#, Lua, Java, Lisp, OCaml, MATLAB, Perl, Python, Racket, and PHP since the version 7.4.
Zlatnianske skalky
Zlatnianske skalky is a nature reserve in the Slovak county of Brezno in the municipality of Vaľkovňa. It covers an area of 30.67 ha and has a protection level of 5 under the slovak law which corresponds with the IUCN level Ib. It is part of the Muránska planina National Park

Muránska planina National Park
Muránska planina National Park (Slovak: Národný park Muránska planina) is one of the youngest national parks in Slovakia. The core area measures 21,318 ha and the protective belt 21,698 ha. It includes 14 smaller protected territories. The headquarters are located in Revúca.
Aakkoor Thanthondreeswarar Temple
Akkur Thanthondreeswarar Temple(ஆக்கூர் தான்தோன்றீசுவரர் கோயில்
]) is a Hindu temple located at Akkur in Mayiladuthurai district of Tamil Nadu, India.  The presiding deity is Shiva. He is called as Thanthondriappar. His consort is known as Valnedunkanni.

Akkur, Mayiladuthurai
Akkur is a small town in Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu, India 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Mayiladuthurai village. Akkur is located 260 km from the state capital, Chennai. Nearby towns include Mayiladuthurai (15  km), Sirkazhi (13.9 km), Karaikal (24.6 km).
Cass criterion
The Cass criterion, also known as the Malinvaud–Cass criterion, is a central result in theory of overlapping generations models in economics. It is named after David Cass.

A major feature which sets overlapping generations models in economics apart from the standard model with a finite number of infinitely lived individuals is that the First Welfare Theorem might not hold—that is, competitive equilibria may be not be Pareto optimal.

If  represents the vector of Arrow–Debreu commodity prices prevailing in period  and if

then a competitive equilibrium allocation is inefficient.

Overlapping generations model
The overlapping generations (OLG) model is one of the dominating frameworks of analysis in the study of macroeconomic dynamics and economic growth. In contrast to the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans neoclassical growth model in which individuals are infinitely-lived, in the OLG model individuals live a finite length of time, long enough to overlap with at least one period of another agent's life.

The OLG model is the natural framework for the study of: (a) the life-cycle behavior (investment in human capital, work and saving for retirement), (b) the implications of the allocation of resources across the generations, such as Social Security, on the income per capita in the long-run, (c) the determinants of economic growth in the course of human history, and (d) the factors that triggered the fertility transition.
Yoga pants
Yoga pants are high-denier hosiery reaching from ankle to waist, originally designed for yoga as exercise and first sold in 1998 by Lululemon, a company founded for that purpose. They were initially made of a mix of nylon and Lycra; more specialised fabrics have been introduced to provide moisture-wicking, compression, and odour reduction.

The market has increased both through the popularity of yoga and because many women wear yoga pants as casual everyday dress. This is part of a long-term "athleisure" trend of increasing informality in dress, threatening sales of traditional jeans.

In the U.S., the wearing of yoga pants other than for exercise has aroused controversy, both for school use and when worn by women. Global sales of yoga clothing have all the same grown rapidly, reaching some $31 billion by 2018.

Sweatpants
Sweatpants are a casual variety of soft trousers intended for comfort or athletic purposes, although they are now worn in many different situations. In the United Kingdom, they are called joggers. In Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa they are known as tracksuit bottoms or trackies. In Australia and New Zealand, they are also commonly known as trackpants, tracky daks. They are also referred to as jogging pants in Canada.
Levidi
Levidi (Greek: Λεβίδι) is a small town and a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tripoli, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 312.641 km2. The town is situated on the northeastern slope of the Mainalo mountains, at about 850 m elevation. Levidi is 9 km northwest of Kapsas, 10 km east of Vytina, 12 km southwest of Kandila and 20 km northwest of Tripoli. It is at the junction of the Greek National Road 74 (Tripoli–Pyrgos) and the Greek National Road 66 (Levidi - Nemea).

Levidi was the site of several battles during the Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire, and in ancient times was thought to have been the site of a sanctuary to Artemis Hymnia.

The great Greek-Australian rugby league footballer George Peponis has ancestral ties to this town.

Vytina
Vytina (Greek: Βυτίνα, Vytína) is a mountain village and a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. It is considered a traditional settlement. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Gortynia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 139.309 km2. The seat of the municipality was the village Vytina. The village is located at the foot of the mountain range Mainalo. The area produces marble, a variation called the Black of Vytina.
Vytina is 10 km east of Levidi, 15 km northeast of Dimitsana and 24 km northwest of Tripoli. The Greek National Road 74 (Tripoli - Pyrgos) passes through Vytina. The ancient Arcadian city Methydrion was located near Vytina.
Temesa (ancient city)
Temesa (Ancient Greek: Τεμέση or Τεμέσα [Doric]), later called Tempsa, was an ancient city in Italy, on the shore of the Tyrrhenian Sea. It was situated close to Terina, but its precise location has not yet been found. It is thought to have been located near the Savuto river to the north of the Gulf of Sant'Euphemia. More recently Campora San Giovanni, a town near the mouth of the Savuto, has been considered as a more precise location. The archeologist Gioacchino Francesco La Torre excavated a temple outside the town in the early 2000s, which was within the territory of Temesa.

Terina (ancient city)
Terina (Ancient Greek: Τερίνα and Τέρινα) was an ancient city located on the Piano di Tirena hill in Nocera Terinese about 20 km (12 mi) from Lamezia Terme in Calabria. The site of the city was allegedly found in 1922 by the archaeologist Paolo Orsi near the modern village of Sant'Eufemia Vetere. A systematic archaeological investigation was made from 1997  and coins, inscriptions and other artefacts retrieved from the site can be seen in the Museo Archeologico Lametino in Lamezia Terme.

The site is surrounded by two rivers, Savuto and Grande and matches the description by Strabo written around 20 AD.
Kicking Horse Pass
Kicking Horse Pass (el. 1,627 m; 5,338 ft) is a high mountain pass across the Continental Divide of the Americas of the Canadian Rockies on the Alberta–British Columbia border, and lying within Yoho and Banff national parks. Divide Creek forks onto both sides of the continental divide.

Divide Creek
Divide Creek is a short creek near Kicking Horse Pass on the British Columbia/Alberta border (also the border between Yoho National Park and Banff National Park).  After following the Continental Divide of the Americas for a short distance, the creek forks, with one side draining through the Bow River east to Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean, and the other side draining west to the Pacific Ocean by way of the Kicking Horse River.

Camping and horseback riding are available at Divide Creek.
The Divide Warden Cabin is near the bank of the creek in Banff, because of its historical associations, and its architectural and environmental value has been classified as a Recognized Federal Heritage Building.
Pumarinri (Lima)
Pumarinri (possibly from Quechua puma cougar, puma, rinri ear, "puma ear") is a 5,465-metre-high (17,930 ft) mountain in the south of the Huayhuash mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Cajatambo District. Pumarinri lies at the Pumarinri valley, south of Cuyoc.

Cordillera Huayhuash
Huayhuash (possibly from Quechua waywash, weasel, or waywashi, squirrel) is a mountain range within the Andes of Peru, in the boundaries of the regions of Ancash, Lima and Huánuco. Since 2002 it is protected within the Cordillera Huayhuash Reserved Zone.
Height function
A height function is a function that quantifies the complexity of mathematical objects. In Diophantine geometry, height functions quantify the size of solutions to Diophantine equations and are typically functions from a set of points on algebraic varieties (or a set of algebraic varieties) to the real numbers.

For instance, the classical or naive height over the rational numbers is typically defined to be the maximum of the numerators and denominators of the coordinates (e.g. 7 for the coordinates (3/7, 1/2)), but in a logarithmic scale.

Rational point
In number theory and algebraic geometry, a rational point of an algebraic variety is a point whose coordinates belong to a given field. If the field is not mentioned, the field of rational numbers is generally understood. If the field is the field of real numbers, a rational point is more commonly called a real point.

Understanding rational points is a central goal of number theory and Diophantine geometry. For example, Fermat's Last Theorem may be restated as: for n > 2, the Fermat curve of equation  has no other rational points than (1, 0), (0, 1), and, if n is even, (–1, 0) and (0, –1).
Viking Line
Viking Line Abp is a Finnish shipping company that operates a fleet of ferries and cruiseferries between Finland, the Åland Islands, Sweden and Estonia. Viking Line shares are quoted on the Helsinki Stock Exchange. The company is headquartered in Mariehamn, Åland. Viking Line currently operates five ferries, of which four serve routes to Stockholm and one operates to Tallinn.

The activities of Viking Line include route trips, cruises and cargo traffic. In 2023, Viking Line employed an average of 2,138 people both on land and on sea. As well as the corporation's own staff, the MS Viking XPRS employs an average of 65 contracted workers.

MS Mega Victoria
MS Mega Victoria is a cruiseferry owned by Corsica Ferries. She was formerly owned by Viking Line as MS Amorella and operated on the route Turku–Mariehamn–Stockholm and from 2022 Helsinki–Mariehamn–Stockholm. She was built in 1988 by Brodosplit in Croatia, then Yugoslavia.

Mega Victoria has three sister ships: Isabelle X operated by Bridgemans, Gabriella operated by Viking Line and Nordic Crown, operated by Go Nordic Cruise Line.
Architecture of England
The architecture of England is the architecture of the historic Kingdom of England up to 1707, and of England since then, but is deemed to include buildings created under English influence or by English architects in other parts of the world, particularly in the English overseas possessions and the later  British Empire, which developed into the present-day Commonwealth of Nations.

Apart from Anglo-Saxon architecture, the major non-vernacular forms employed in England before 1900 originated elsewhere in western Europe, chiefly in France and Italy, while 20th-century Modernist architecture derived from both European and American influences. Each of these foreign modes became assimilated within English architectural culture and gave rise to local variation and innovation, producing distinctive national forms. Among the most characteristic styles originating in England are the Perpendicular Gothic of the late Middle Ages, High Victorian Gothic and the Queen Anne style.

Four-centred arch
A four-centred arch (Commonwealth spelling) or four-centered arch (American spelling) is a low, wide type of arch with a pointed apex. Its structure is achieved by drafting two arcs which rise steeply from each springing point on a small radius, and then turning into two arches with a wide radius and much lower springing point. It is a pointed sub-type of the general flattened depressed arch. This type of arch uses space efficiently and decoratively when used for doorways. It is also employed as a wall decoration in which arcade and window openings form part of the whole decorative surface. Two of the most notable types are known as the Persian arch, which is moderately "depressed" and found in Islamic architecture, and the Tudor arch, which is much flatter and found in English architecture. Another variant, the keel arch, has partially straight rather than curved sides and developed in Fatimid architecture.
Barry County Advertiser
The Barry County Advertiser is a free weekly newspaper located in Cassville, Missouri, the county seat of Barry County, Missouri. The Advertiser is funded purely by advertising and is distributed through the U.S. Postal Service. The Advertiser is distributed each week to 13,500 homes across Barry County, and focuses on local news.

The first issue of the Advertiser was published on December 13, 1967, and was at that time one of three weekly papers in Cassville, a town with a population of 3,206 as of the 2020 census, but less than 3,000 at the time. Both of the existing papers, the Cassville Democrat and the Cassville Republican, had been in existence for nearly a century at that time, but in 1984, the 112-year-old Cassville Republican folded. Both the Advertiser and the Cassville Democrat continue to be published.

The paper was owned and founded by the late Missouri State Senator Emory Melton and his wife, Jean. The current owner is the Meltons' son, Stan Melton.

Cassville Democrat
The Cassville Democrat is a weekly newspaper located in Cassville, Missouri, the county seat of Barry County, Missouri. It has a weekly circulation of about 1,000 and has been published continuously since its founding in 1871.
The newspaper's motto is "Covering Barry County like the morning dew since 1871." Owned by Troutman Media LLC since January 1, 2023, its publisher is Kyle Troutman and Jordan Troutman serves as general manager. The Cassville Democrat focuses on local issues and news and has little national or international coverage.
Merchants of death
Merchants of death is a pejorative directed at the arms industry and also often at international bankers. It originated in the Great Depression. This theory claimed that an international munitions industry conspired to control the fate of nations via improper influence over government officials. The purpose of this supposed conspiracy was to extract profits from human death. During peacetime, the conspirators would stir up antagonism and war between nations so that they could then arm the combatants and line their pockets with the proceeds. The phrase is a forerunner of the military-industrial complex concept that became popular during the Vietnam War.

Nye Committee
The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee (April 12, 1934 – February 24, 1936), chaired by U.S. Senator Gerald Nye (R-ND). The committee investigated the financial and banking interests that underlay the United States' involvement in World War I and the operations and profits of the industrial and commercial firms supplying munitions to the Allies and to the United States. It was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality during the Great Depression. The resulting  Neutrality Acts are now generally regarded as having aided the rise of Nazi Germany and the laws were repealed in 1941.: 103 : 184
Kahaʻimaoeleʻa
Kahaʻimaoeleʻa was a Hawaiian chief, who ruled as the aliʻi nui of Hawaiʻi from 1285 to 1315. He was the sovereign king or chief of the island of Hawaiʻi. He is sometimes referred as Kahai IV or Kahiamoeleaikaʻaikupou.

Waipiʻo Valley was first occupied as a royal residence by Kahaimoelea.

Kahaʻimaoeleʻa was a son of Chief Kalapana of Hawaiʻi by his wife, Lady Malamaʻihanaʻae. He followed his father as the sovereign of Hawaiʻi and fathered Kalaunuiʻōhua by his half-sister Kapoʻakaʻuluhailaʻa (Kapo-a-Kauluhailea).

Malamaʻihanaʻae
Malamaʻihanaʻae (also known as Makeʻamalamaʻihanai) was a Hawaiian noble lady and a High Chiefess of the Big Island — island of Hawaii. She was a close relative and the wife of the High Chief Kalapana.
Rogosh Glacier
Rogosh Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Рогош, romanized: lednik Rogosh, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik roˈɡɔʃ]) is the 29 km long and 5 km wide glacier on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica situated east of Brenitsa Glacier, south of Drygalski Glacier, and southwest of Zlokuchene Glacier and Risimina Glacier.  Draining southwards from Kyustendil Ridge between Lovech Heights and Ivanili Heights, and turning eastwards north of Skilly Peak.  At the ridge forming Cape Fairweather the glacier branches to flow into Artanes Bay to the south, and into Weddell Sea west of Pedersen Nunatak to the east.

The feature is named after the settlement of Rogosh in southern Bulgaria.

Artanes Bay
Artanes Bay (Bulgarian: залив Артанес, ‘Zaliv Artanes’ \'za-liv 'ar-ta-nes\) is the 14 km wide cove indenting for 6.2 km Oscar II Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica, and entered west of Cape Fairweather and east of Shiver Point.  It was formed as a result of the break-up of Larsen Ice Shelf in the area in 2002, and subsequent retreat of Rogosh Glacier.

The feature is named after the ancient settlement of Artanes in northwestern Bulgaria.
Greta (butterfly)
Greta is a genus of clearwing (ithomiine) butterflies, named by Arthur Francis Hemming in 1934. They are in the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae, and are found in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

Ithomiini
Ithomiini is a butterfly tribe in the nymphalid subfamily Danainae. It is sometimes referred to as the tribe of clearwing butterflies or glasswing butterflies. Some authors consider the group to be a subfamily (Ithomiinae). These butterflies are exclusively Neotropical, found in humid forests from sea level to 3000 m, from Mexico to Argentina. There are around 370 species in some 40–45 genera.