hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gleason, Wisconsin
Gleason is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Wisconsin, United States. The community is situated on Wisconsin Highway 17 northeast of Merrill, in the town of Russell. Gleason has a post office with ZIP Code 54435.

The Estonian Evangelical Martin Luther Church, the first Estonian church built in America, is located in Gleason.

Gleason is known as the "Trout Fishing Capital of the World", boasting the world record brook trout and  trout fishing on many of the local streams.

Lincoln County, Wisconsin
Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,415. Its county seat is Merrill. The county was created in 1875 and named after President Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln County comprises the Merrill, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Wausau-Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Jan IV of Pernštejn
Jan IV of Pernštejn (also known as Jan of Pernstein, John of Pernstein, Jan the Rich or John the Rich in English, Jan z Pernštejna a na Helfštejně or Jan Bohatý in Czech, and Johann von Pernstein or Hans von Pernstein auf Helfenstein in German; 14 November 1487 in Moravský Krumlov – 8 September 1548 in Hrušovany u Brna) was a Moravian-Bohemian nobleman. He was high treasurer of Moravia in 1506–1516 and Landeshauptmann of Moravia in 1515–1519 and in 1526–1528 and governor of Moravia in 1530–1532. In 1537–1548, he was Count of Kladsko and pledge lord of the County of Kladsko.

Moravský Krumlov
Moravský Krumlov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmorafskiː ˈkrumlof]; German: Mährisch Kromau) is a town in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,700 inhabitants. The Rokytná River flows through the town. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. The Renaissance building of the Moravský Krumlov Castle is the main landmark of the town.
Circuit value problem
The circuit value problem (or circuit evaluation problem) is the computational problem of computing the output of a given Boolean circuit on a given input.

The problem is complete for P under uniform AC0 reductions. Note that, in terms of time complexity, it can be solved in linear time simply by a topological sort.

The Boolean formula value problem (or Boolean formula evaluation problem) is the special case of the problem when the circuit is a tree. The Boolean formula value problem is complete for NC1 with respect to AC0 reductions.

The problem is closely related to the Boolean satisfiability problem which is complete for NP and its complement, the propositional tautology problem, which is complete for co-NP.

Boolean circuit
In computational complexity theory and circuit complexity, a Boolean circuit is a mathematical model for combinational digital logic circuits. A formal language can be decided by a family of Boolean circuits, one circuit for each possible input length.

Boolean circuits are defined in terms of the logic gates they contain. For example, a circuit might contain binary AND and OR gates and unary NOT gates, or be entirely described by binary NAND gates. Each gate corresponds to some Boolean function that takes a fixed number of bits as input and outputs a single bit.

Boolean circuits provide a model for many digital components used in computer engineering, including multiplexers, adders, and arithmetic logic units, but they exclude sequential logic. They are an abstraction that omits many aspects relevant to designing real digital logic circuits, such as metastability, fanout, glitches, power consumption, and propagation delay variability.
Paragon (1813 ship)
Paragon was launched at Medford, Massachusetts in 1813. She was commissioned (acquired her letter of marque), and then captured later that year.

Capture: On 14 August 1813, HMS Nymphe's yawl (armed with a carronade), and supported by HMS Curlew's boats, chased a schooner for eight hours off Cape Cod, in little wind, before they captured her. The schooner was the letter-of-marque Paragon, of 157 tons burthen, 20 men, and pierced for 16 guns but carrying four, two 12-pounders and two 9-pounders.

Paragon was under the command of Captain Warren Weston. She had been sailing from Charlestown to Boston when she was captured. Her cargo consisted of 178 bales of cotton, and 146 barrels and 34 half-barrels of rice. Her captors sent Paragon to Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the Vice admiralty court there condemned her in prize.

HMS Curlew (1812)
HMS Curlew (1812) was a Royal Navy Cruizer class brig-sloop built by (William) Good & Co., at Bridport and launched in 1812. She served with the Navy for only 10 years. During the War of 1812 she sailed from Halifax and captured several American privateers. Her greatest moment was her role in the 1819 British occupation of Ras Al Khaimah, leading to the signature of the General Maritime Treaty of 1820, which established the Trucial States, today the United Arab Emirates. Curlew was sold in 1822 in Bombay. She then had a 13 or so year career as an opium runner for James Matheson, one of the founders of the firm Jardine Matheson.
Cricket Australia
Cricket Australia  (CA) is a company which operates some professional and amateur cricket competitions and teams in Australia. It had its origins in the 'Australian Board of Control for International Cricket', formed in 1905. The company was incorporated in 1982, with members' liability limited by guarantee.

It operates its men's Australia national cricket team, Australia women's national cricket team and Australia national under-19 cricket team, Australia A cricket team, along with other national-level teams (such as Indigenous, disability or over-age teams) in conjunction with the relevant organisations. It also organises and hosts Test matches, one day internationals and T20 internationals in association with other national cricket organisations, and schedules home international fixtures.

It deals with the Australian Cricketers' Association regarding player's rights, pay and work agreements and welfare requirements.

Australian Cricketers' Association
The Australian Cricketers' Association (ACA) is an organisation that represents the professional first-class cricketers of Australia, both past and present. It is not a formally registered Trade Union, but an Incorporated Association.
Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love
"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love" is a song written by Smokey Robinson, recorded in October 1966 by Kim Weston. Her recording was not issued at the time as she left the label over a dispute over royalties in 1967. Weston's original version was first released in 2005.

The song was revisited and released as a single by Motown singing group The Supremes in 1972 as the third and final single from their popular album Floy Joy.  On the soul chart the song peaked at number twenty-two, while on the Hot 100 it went to number fifty-nine.

Floy Joy (album)
Floy Joy is the twenty-fifth studio album released by The Supremes on the Motown label. This was the only Supremes album solely produced and arranged by Smokey Robinson and included the U.S. top 20 hit, "Floy Joy" and the U.S. top 40 hit, "Automatically Sunshine", both of which were top 10 hits in the U.K. Although Lynda Laurence appears on the cover of the LP, all vocals are that of Cindy Birdsong.
Tonight (Rüfüs song)
"Tonight" is a song by Australian alternative dance group Rüfüs. The song was released on 22 November 2013 as the third single from the group's debut studio album, Atlas (2013). The song peaked at number 87 on the ARIA Charts in December 2013.

Atlas (Rüfüs album)
Atlas is the debut album of the alternative dance group Rüfüs, released in Australia under Sweat It Out on 9 August 2013. The album debuted at number 1 on the ARIA Albums Chart on 25 August 2013.

At the J Awards of 2013, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year.
Christos Tapoutos
Christos Tapoutos (Greek: Χρήστος Ταπούτος; born September 21, 1982) is a Greek former professional basketball player and current basketball executive. At a height of 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) tall, he played at both the small forward and power forward positions, with power forward being his main position. During his early professional years, Tapoutos was considered to be one of the greatest scorers and talents in his age group in all of Europe.

DBB Albert Schweitzer Tournament
The DBB Albert Schweitzer Tournament (German: Albert-Schweitzer-Turnier, abbreviated as AST), full name DBB Albert Schweitzer World Under-18 Tournament (German: DBB Albert Schweitzer Welt-Unter-18-Turnier), is an international basketball competition that is played between national teams of the Under-18 men's age category. It takes place every two years in Mannheim, Germany, and is contested between teams from 12 countries.

The organizers of the tournament are the German Basketball Federation (German: Deutscher Basketball Bund, abbreviated as DBB), and the city of Mannheim. The tournament is named after Albert Schweitzer. Since FIBA does not organize an Under-18 world championship, the Albert Schweitzer Tournament is internationally recognized and considered an official non-FIBA organized world championship for the Under-18 age group. From 1958 to 1993, the tournament was an Under-19 age competition. Since 1994, it has been an under-18 age competition.
The Utah Trail
The Utah Trail is a 1938 American Western film directed by Albert Herman. It was Tex Ritter's final film for Grand National Films. Despite the song and title, the film takes place on the Arizona/Mexico border and not Utah. The film is based on a short story that appeared in Ranch Romances magazine.

Albert Herman
Albert Herman (1887–1958) was an American actor, screenwriter and film director. Herman was a prolific director, working mainly on low-budget movies for companies such as Producers Releasing Corporation. He is sometimes credited as Al Herman.
Svante Stensson Sture
Svante Stensson Sture or Svante Sture the Younger (1 May 1517 – 24 May 1567) was a Swedish count, riksmarsk and statesman. In 1543, he commanded Stegeborg when it was besieged by revolting peasants during the Dacke War. From 1562 to 1564, during the Livonian War, he was governor of Estonia.

Svante was killed alongside five others, including his sons Nils and Erik, in the Sture murders by King Erik XIV.

Siege of Stegeborg (1543)
The siege of Stegeborg (Swedish: belägringen av Stegeborg) occurred in February 1543 during the Dacke War. In February, Småland peasants numbering 700 under the command of Erik Ölänning and Per Djup departed from Tjust, marching towards Stegeborg. When they arrived, they besieged it from both land and sea but faced heavy resistance from its commander, Svante Sture. Eventually, however, the peasants were able to capture several guns from the fortress. Unexpectedly, however, Erik Ölänning defected for unknown reasons, and sent the majority of his men home. The ones who remained were soon killed by the Swedish relief force under Johan Turesson and Joakim Bulgrin.
Karma (Mucc album)
Karma (カルマ) is the tenth album by  Mucc, released on October 6, 2010. It features a variety of genres "mixing the best of many worlds while keeping the sound their own." The album reached number 11 on the Oricon chart. Tracks 2 & 3 were arranged by Miya and Space Walkers, while track 14 was arranged by Miya and Ken from L'Arc-en-Ciel.

Mucc
Mucc (Japanese: ムック, Hepburn: Mukku; stylized as MUCC) is a Japanese visual kei rock band, formed in Ibaraki Prefecture in 1997. The classic line up of Tatsuro on vocals, Miya on guitar, Yukke on bass, and Satochi on drums was solidified in 1999 following the departure of original bassist Hiro. After 24 years, Satochi retired from the music industry in October 2021, leaving Mucc a trio. They have released 17 studio albums, with 2020's Aku being their highest-charting. Although predominately a heavy band both lyrically and musically, Mucc is known for switching between music genres and styles frequently. Kerrang! included their fourth studio album Kuchiki no Tō (2004) on a list of 13 essential Japanese rock and metal albums.
Sergeant John F. Baker Jr. Bridge
The Sergeant John F. Baker Jr. Bridge, also known as the Baker Bridge or  Interstate 280 Bridge, carries Interstate 280 (I-280) across the Mississippi River between Davenport, Iowa, and Rock Island, Illinois. The bridge opened in 1973 with a blue and yellow color scheme, thought to be unique in the state.  In 2007, it was repainted all blue.  On July 30, 2010, the bridge was officially named the  Sergeant John F. Baker Jr. Bridge.

On May 2, 2019, the bridge, along with several other bridges in the Quad Cities area, were temporarily closed to all traffic due to severe flooding of the Mississippi River and the Rock River, and a subsequent levee breach in Davenport.

Rock Island, Illinois
Rock Island is a city in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The population was 37,108 at the 2020 census. Located at the confluence of the Rock and Mississippi rivers, it is one of the Quad Cities along with neighboring Moline and East Moline in Illinois and the cities of Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa. The Quad Cities metropolitan area had a population of 384,324 in 2020.

The city is home to Rock Island Arsenal, the largest government-owned weapons manufacturing arsenal in the United States, which employs 6,000 people. The original Rock Island, from which the city name is derived, is now called Arsenal Island.
Yuxarı Ayrım
40°08′48″N 46°00′14″E﻿ / ﻿40.14667°N 46.00389°E﻿ / 40.14667; 46.00389

Yuxarı Ayrım (Yukhary Ayrym) is a ghost village in the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan. The name reflects the former presence of Ayrums in the vicinity. The main core of the village crowned a knoll above the river Ayrim close to the tree line on a narrow, unpaved track leading up from Aşağı Ayrım. A video released in December 2020 shows the dilapidated state of the stone houses which remained uninhabited after the village's occupation by Armenian forces in 1993.

Ayrums
Ayrums (Azerbaijani: Ayrımlar, in Persian often as Âyromlū) are a Turkic tribe, considered to be a sub-ethnic group of Azerbaijanis after the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They have been historically associated with the area nearby the city of Gyumri (in present-day Armenia).
Basuki Abdullah
Fransiskus Xaverius Basuki Abdullah (born Muhammad Basuki Abdullah, 25 January 1915 – 5 November 1993) was an Indonesian painter and a convert to Roman Catholicism from Islam. His work is characterized as realism and has been exhibited in the Indonesian National Gallery. He received formal training in The Hague. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies he was an art teacher. After the war he became known internationally, winning an art contest on the occasion of the accession in the Netherlands of Queen Juliana. His status in Indonesia provided an opportunity to paint the official portrait of President Suharto. Abdullah was beaten to death by three assailants during a break-in at his Jakarta home.

National Gallery of Indonesia
The National Gallery of Indonesia is an art gallery and museum in Jakarta, Indonesia. The National Gallery of Indonesia has existed as a cultural institution in the field of visual arts since 8 May 1999. The institution plays an important role in expanding public's awareness of artworks through preservation, development and exploitation of the visual arts in Indonesia.
James R. Bath
James Reynolds Bath (born August 18, 1936) is a Texas businessman who has business interests in aircraft sales and leasing and real estate. He is best known for his business relationships with Saudi businessmen Salem bin Laden and Khalid bin Mahfouz.

Khalid bin Mahfouz
Khalid bin Mahfouz (Arabic: خالد بن محفوظ; December 26, 1949 – August 16, 2009) was a Saudi Arabian billionaire, banker, businessman, investor and former chairman of the National Commercial Bank (NCB). Khalid is the son of Salem Bin Mahfouz, a Saudi entrepreneur who rose from being a small-time money-changer to becoming the founder of the NCB, the first private Saudi bank.

With a personal wealth estimated to be around $6 billion, Bin Mahfouz ranked 24th in Arabian Business magazine's list of the world's most influential Arabs in 2008. In the same year, Bin Mahfouz ranked number 214 in Forbes Billionaires List

After the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, in which 15 of the 19 hijackers were Saudis, considerable suspicion fell on Saudi financiers and charities as sources of financing for terrorism, and Khalid Bin Mahfouz faced accusations in books, newspapers and magazines that he and his family had funneled money to Al Qaeda.
Raveen Sayer
Raveen Sayer (born 25 November 1996) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Colombo Cricket Club in the 2016–17 Premier League Tournament on 20 January 2017. He made his List A debut for Colombo District in the 2016–17 Districts One Day Tournament on 22 March 2017. He made his Twenty20 debut for Galle Cricket Club in the 2017–18 SLC Twenty20 Tournament on 24 February 2018.

2016–17 Premier League Tournament
The 2016–17 Premier League Tournament was the 29th season of first-class cricket in Sri Lanka's Premier Trophy. Fourteen teams competed, split into two groups of seven. Burgher Recreation Club replaced Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club, who were relegated at the end of the previous year's tournament, after finishing bottom of the  Plate League. Sinhalese Sports Club won the competition.
Philip Hartman
Philip Hartman (May 16, 1915 – August 28, 2015) was an American mathematician at Johns Hopkins University working on differential equations who introduced the Hartman–Grobman theorem. He served as Chairman of the Mathematics Department at Johns Hopkins for several years. He has an Erdös number of 2.

His book gives a necessary and sufficient condition for solutions of ordinary initial value problems to be unique and to depend on a class C1 manner on the initial conditions for solutions.

He died in August 2015 at the age of 100.

The Hartman–Watson distribution is named after him and Geoffrey S. Watson.

Hartman–Watson distribution
The Hartman–Watson distribution is an absolutely continuous probability distribution which arises in the study of Brownian functionals. It is named after Philip Hartman and Geoffrey S. Watson, who encountered the distribution while studying the relationship between Brownian motion on the n-sphere and the von Mises distribution. Important contributions to the distribution, such as an explicit form of the density in integral representation and a connection to Brownian exponential functionals, came from Marc Yor.

The Hartman-Watson distribution determines the joint distribution of the time integral of a geometric Brownian motion and its terminal value. This relation underlies its applications in financial mathematics. Notable applications are pricing Asian options in the Black-Scholes model and European options in stochastic volatility models with volatility following a geometric Brownian motion, such as the SABR model.
Virata
Virata (Sanskrit: विराट, IAST virāṭa) was the King of Matsya, a prominent figure in the Indian epic Mahabharata, and the titular character of the epic's fourth book, Virata Parva, which recounts the Pandavas’ year of ajnatavasa—incognito exile—in his kingdom. He is best known for unknowingly sheltering the Pandavas during this period, with each of them assuming disguised roles in his court. Virata was married to Queen Sudeshna and was the father of Prince Uttara and Princess Uttarā, who married Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna.

Kurukshetra War
The Kurukshetra War (Sanskrit: कुरुक्षेत्रयुद्ध), also called the Mahabharata War, is a war described in the Hindu epic poem Mahabharata, arising from a dynastic struggle between two groups of cousins, the Kauravas and the Pandavas, for the throne of Hastinapura. The war is used as the context for the dialogues of the Bhagavad Gita.
Tcpcrypt
In computer networking, tcpcrypt is a transport layer communication encryption protocol. Unlike prior protocols like TLS (SSL), tcpcrypt is implemented as a TCP extension. It was designed by a team of six security and networking experts: Andrea Bittau, Mike Hamburg, Mark Handley, David Mazières, Dan Boneh and Quinn Slack. Tcpcrypt has been published as an Internet Draft. Experimental user-space implementations are available for Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD and Windows. There is also a Linux kernel implementation.

The TCPINC (TCP Increased Security) working group was formed in June 2014 by IETF to work on standardizing security extensions in the TCP protocol. In May 2019 the working group released RFC 8547 and RFC 8548 as an experimental standard for Tcpcrypt.

Dan Boneh
Dan Boneh (/boʊˈneɪ/; Hebrew: דן בונה) is an Israeli–American professor in applied cryptography and computer security at Stanford University.

In 2016, Boneh was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to the theory and practice of cryptography and computer security.
Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism
Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism refers to the categorization of Buddhist tantric scriptures in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism inherited numerous tantras and forms of tantric practice from medieval Indian Buddhist Tantra. There were various ways of categorizing these tantras in India. In Tibet, the Sarma (New Translation) schools categorize tantric scriptures into four classes, while the Nyingma (Ancients) school use six classes of tantra.

Manjushri
Manjushri (Sanskrit: मञ्जुश्री, romanized: Mañjuśrī) is a bodhisattva who represents prajñā (transcendent wisdom) of the Buddhas in Mahāyāna Buddhism. The name "Mañjuśrī" is a combination of Sanskrit word "mañju" and an honorific "śrī"; it can be literally translated as "Beautiful One with Glory" or "Beautiful One with Auspiciousness". Mañjuśrī is also known by the fuller name of Mañjuśrīkumārabhūta (मञ्जुश्रीकुमारभूत), literally "Mañjuśrī, Still a Youth" or, less literally, "Prince Mañjuśrī". Another name of Mañjuśrī is Mañjughoṣa.
Draper's Meadow massacre
The Draper's Meadow Massacre was an attack in July 1755, when the Draper's Meadow settlement in southwest Virginia, at the site of present-day Blacksburg, was raided by a group of Shawnee warriors, who killed at least four people including an infant, and captured five more. The Indians brought their hostages to Lower Shawneetown, a Shawnee village in Kentucky. One of the captives, Mary Draper Ingles, later escaped and returned home on foot through the wilderness. Although many of the circumstances of the massacre are uncertain, including the date of the attack, the event remains a dramatic story in the history of Virginia.

Smithfield (Blacksburg, Virginia)
Smithfield is a plantation house in Blacksburg, Virginia, built from 1772 to 1774 by Col. William Preston to be his residence and the headquarters of his farm. It was the birthplace of two Virginia Governors: James Patton Preston and John B. Floyd.  The house remained a family home until 1959 when the home was donated to the APVA.
Brian A. Barsky
Brian A. Barsky is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, working in computer graphics and geometric modeling as well as in optometry and vision science.  He is a professor of computer science and vision science and an affiliate professor of optometry.  He is also a member of the Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, an inter-campus program, between UC Berkeley and UC San Francisco.

Smoothness
In mathematical analysis, the smoothness of a function is a property measured by the number of continuous derivatives it has over its domain.

A function of class  is a function of smoothness at least k;  that is, a function of class  is a function that has a kth derivative that is continuous in its domain.

A function of class  or -function (pronounced C-infinity function) is an infinitely   differentiable function, that is, a function that has derivatives of all orders (this implies that all these derivatives are continuous).

Generally, the term smooth function refers to a -function. However, it may also mean "sufficiently differentiable" for the problem under consideration.