hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viverravus
Viverravus ("ancestor of Viverra") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Viverravinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America, Europe and Asia from the middle Paleocene to middle Eocene.

Viverravinae
Viverravinae ("ancestors of viverrids") is an extinct subfamily of mammals from extinct family Viverravidae, that lived from the early Palaeocene to the middle Eocene in North America, Asia and Europe.
Irena Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz
Irena Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz, née Ginzburg (27 December 1917 – 7 July 2015) was a Polish doctor and neurologist who specialized in neuromuscular diseases.

She was a pioneer of myology and a founder of  myology and electromyography in Poland.

She was born in Warsaw to a family which came from Lwow.

Her father was a literary critic and her mother was a  dermatologist. Her sister was the dermatologist Stefania Jabłońska. Her husband Kazimierz Petrusewicz, was a biologist and politician.

Stefania Jabłońska
Stefania Jabłońska (born Szela Ginzburg; 7 September 1920 – 8 May 2017) was a Polish physician and professor specializing in dermatology. She worked at the Medical University of Warsaw.

In 1972, she theorized the association of human papilloma viruses with skin cancer in epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

In 1978, Jabłońska and Gerard Orth at the Pasteur Institute discovered HPV-5 in skin cancer. Jabłońska was awarded the 1985 Robert Koch Prize.

She was a recipient of the National Order of Merit and the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Engelbert III, Count of Gorizia
Engelbert III, Count of Gorizia (died 1220) was a member of the Meinhardiner dynasty.  He ruled the County of Gorizia from 1191 until his death.

Engelbert's father was Engelbert II, Count Palatine of Carinthia and Count of Gorizia.  His mother was Adelaide, the daughter of Count Otto I of Wittelsbach.  In 1191, Engelbert III inherited the County of Gorizia jointly with his brother Meinhard II.  During his reign, Engelbert acquired the title of Vogt of Aquileia.  He also acted as bailiff of Millstatt.

In 1183, he married a noble lady named Matilda, Countess of Pisino. In 1190, he remarried, to Matilda of Andechs, the daughter of Margrave Berthold I of Istria. The latter Matilda was the mother of his successor Meinhard III.

Meinhard II, Count of Gorizia
Meinhard II, nicknamed the Elder (c. 1160 – 1231), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner), was ruling Count of Gorizia from 1220 until his death. He also held the title of Vogt (Reeve) of the Patriarchate of Aquileia.
William B. Ogden
William Butler Ogden (June 15, 1805 – August 3, 1877) was an American politician and railroad executive who served as the first Mayor of Chicago.  He was referred to as "the Astor of Chicago." He was, at one time, the city's richest citizen.
He brought the Galena & Chicago Union RR out of insolvency and was its first president in 1847.
He created the Chicago & North Western Railway from the failed remains of the Chicago, St.Paul, Fond du Lac and was its first president in 1859.
He spearheaded the 1st transcontinental railroad as the Union Pacific and was its first president in 1862, although he relinquished that position due to poor health.

Ogden serves as the namesake for Chicago's Ogden Avenue, The Bronx's Odgen Avenue, the Ogden Slip in Chicago (which was constructed by his Chicago Dock and Canal Company), and Ogden, Iowa. A 1994 survey of experts on Chicago politics assessed Ogden as one of the ten best mayors in the city's history (up to that time).

Mayor of Chicago
The mayor of Chicago is the  chief executive of city government in Chicago, Illinois, the third-largest city in the United States. The mayor is responsible for the administration and management of various city departments.In addition, the Mayor submits proposals and recommendations to the Chicago City Council, is active in the enforcement of the city's ordinances, submits the city's annual budget and appoints city officers, department commissioners or directors, and members of city boards and commissions.

During sessions of the city council, the mayor serves as the presiding officer. The mayor is not allowed to vote on issues except in certain instances, most notably where the vote taken on a matter before the body results in a tie.

The office of mayor was created when Chicago became a city in 1837.
Put–call parity
In financial mathematics, the put–call parity defines a relationship between the price of a European call option and European put option, both with the identical strike price and expiry, namely that a portfolio of a long call option and a short put option is equivalent to (and hence has the same value as) a single forward contract at this strike price and expiry. This is because if the price at expiry is above the strike price, the call will be exercised, while if it is below, the put will be exercised, and thus in either case one unit of the asset will be purchased for the strike price, exactly as in a forward contract.

The validity of this relationship requires that certain assumptions be satisfied; these are specified and the relationship is derived below. In practice transaction costs and financing costs (leverage) mean this relationship will not exactly hold, but in liquid markets the relationship is close to exact.

Option style
In finance, the style  or family of an option is the class into which the option falls, usually defined by the dates on which the option may be exercised. The vast majority of options are either European or American (style) options. These options—as well as others where the payoff is calculated similarly—are referred to as "vanilla options". Options where the payoff is calculated differently are categorized as "exotic options". Exotic options can pose challenging problems in valuation and hedging.
Staffordshire/Warwickshire 3
Staffordshire/Warwickshire 3 was a tier 12 English Rugby Union league with teams from Staffordshire and Warwickshire taking part.  Promoted teams moved up to Staffordshire/Warwickshire 2 and relegated teams dropped to Staffordshire/Warwickshire 4.  Restructuring of the Staffordshire/Warwickshire leagues at the end of the 1995–96 season meant that the league was cancelled and all teams transferred into either the Staffordshire or Warwickshire regional divisions.

Warwickian RUFC
Warwickian Rugby Union Football Club or WRUFC, known as Warwickians, is a Rugby union club in Warwickshire, England. The team currently fields a 1st XV in the Midlands 5 West (South) League, and a 2nd XV .

The team is based at the Hampton Road Sports Ground, on Hampton Road, Warwick.
Subaru Forester
The Subaru Forester (Japanese: スバル・フォレスター, Hepburn: Subaru Foresutā) is a compact crossover SUV that has been manufactured by Subaru since 1997. The first generation was built on the platform of the Impreza in the style of a taller station wagon, a style that continued to the second generation, while the third-generation model onwards moved towards a crossover SUV design. A performance model was available for the second-generation Forester in Japan as the Forester STi.

Subaru FB engine
The Subaru FB engine is the third generation of gasoline boxer-4 engine used in Subaru automobiles, and was announced on 23 September 2010. It follows the previous generation EJ-series engine which was introduced in 1989 and the first generation EA-series which was introduced in 1966. By increasing piston stroke and decreasing piston bore, Subaru aimed to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy, while increasing and broadening torque output compared to the EJ-series.

The Subaru FA engine series was derived later from the FB, but the two engine families share only a few common parts. In 2020, Subaru introduced the CB18 engine with improved efficiency to succeed the FB in several applications.
2021 Internationaux de Strasbourg
The 2021 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Strasbourg, France. It was the 35th edition of the tournament and part of the WTA 250 tournaments of the 2021 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tennis Club de Strasbourg between 23 and 29 May 2021.

2021 WTA Tour
The 2021 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2021 tennis season. The 2021 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Finals and the WTA Elite Trophy). Also included in the 2021 calendar are the Summer Olympic Games, which were rescheduled from 2020.
Elkhart, Indiana
Elkhart (/ˈɛlkɑːrt/ EL-kart) is a city in Elkhart County, Indiana, United States. The population was 53,923 at the 2020 census. The city is located 15 miles (24 km) east of South Bend, Indiana. It is the most populous city in the  Elkhart–Goshen metropolitan area, which in turn is part of the South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka combined statistical area, in a region commonly known as Michiana.

Mishawaka, Indiana
Mishawaka (/ˌmɪʃəˈwɑːkə/) is a city on the St. Joseph River, in St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States. The population was 51,063 as of the 2020 census. Its nickname is "the Princess City". Mishawaka is a principal city of the South Bend-Mishawaka metropolitan area.
Juan de Plasencia
Miguel Juan de Plasencia (Spanish: ['xwan de pla'senθja]) was a Spanish friar of the Franciscan Order. He was among the first group of Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the Philippines on 2 July 1578.

He spent most of his missionary life in the Philippines, where he founded numerous towns in Luzon and authored several religious and linguistic books, most notably the Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Doctrine), the first book ever printed in the Philippines.

Liliw
Liliw, officially the Municipality of Liliw (Tagalog: Bayan ng Liliw),  is a municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 39,976 people.

It is known for its cold water spring resorts, native homemade sweets and a sizeable shoe industry that rivals that of Marikina. Also, the town is known for its baroque church and its Liliw-style houses.
Pioneer Valley Chinese Immersion Charter School
The Pioneer Valley Chinese Immersion Charter School (simplified Chinese: 先锋中英双语学校; pinyin: Xiānfēng Zhōng-Yīng Shuāngyǔ Xuéxiào), abbreviated to PVCICS, is a public Charter school in Hadley, Massachusetts. Founded in February 2007, PVCICS offers an immersion program that teaches Chinese Language Arts and culture in addition to a regular curriculum. PVCICS' goals are to graduate students with excellent scholarship, high proficiency in Mandarin Chinese and English, plus sensitivity to multiple cultures. PVCICS serves the Pioneer Valley region.

Hadley, Massachusetts
Hadley (/ˈhædli/ ⓘ, HAD-lee) is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,325 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The area around the Hampshire and Mountain Farms Malls along Route 9 is a major shopping destination for the surrounding communities.
Myuchelys
The Myuchelys is a genus of turtles, the Australian saw-shelled turtles,  in the family Chelidae and subfamily Chelodininae. They inhabit the headwaters and tributaries of rivers within their range and this led to the name Myuchelys, which is formed from the Aboriginal word myuna meaning clear water and the Greek chelys meaning turtle. They have a short neck and the intergular scute completely separates the gular scutes. They have no alveolar ridge separating them from the snapping turtles of the genus Elseya.

Elseya
Elseya is a genus of large side-necked turtles, commonly known as Australian snapping turtles, in the family Chelidae. Species in the genus Elseya are found in river systems in northern and northeastern Australia and throughout the river systems of New Guinea. They are identified by the presence of alveolar ridges on the triturating surfaces of the mouth and the presence of a complex bridge strut.

The Australian snapping turtles are largely herbivorous, with specialized mouth structures for eating fruits. However, they will eat animal products if opportunity arises. The various species can be found in large numbers where they are still abundant, e.g., Northern Territory of Australia. However, a number of the populations have become increasingly rare, and some are now listed as endangered.
Karlskrona Municipality
Karlskrona Municipality (Swedish: Karlskrona kommun) is a municipality in Blekinge County in South Sweden in southern Sweden. It borders to Emmaboda Municipality, Torsås Municipality and Ronneby Municipality. The city of Karlskrona is the seat of the municipality.

Like most Swedish municipalities it was created during the municipal reform in the early seventies, combining several earlier local government units of urban and rural type, among them the City of Karlskrona.

Ronneby Municipality
Ronneby Municipality (Swedish: Ronneby kommun) is a municipality in Blekinge County in South Sweden in southern Sweden. It borders to Tingsryd Municipality, Emmaboda Municipality, Karlskrona Municipality and Karlshamn Municipality. The town of Ronneby is the seat of the municipality.

The present municipality was created in 1967 through the amalgamation of the City of Ronneby with three surrounding units.
Sant'Orsola Terme
Sant'Orsola Terme (Mòcheno: Oachpergh) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 933 and an area of 15.4 square kilometres (5.9 mi2).

Sant'Orsola Terme borders the following municipalities: Bedollo, Baselga di Pinè, Palù del Fersina, Fierozzo, Frassilongo and Pergine Valsugana.

Pergine Valsugana
Pergine Valsugana (Pèrzen or Pèrzem in local dialect, German: Fersen im Suganertal) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Trento.

Pergine Valsugana borders the following municipalities: Baselga di Pinè, Trento, Fornace, Sant'Orsola Terme, Civezzano, Frassilongo, Vignola-Falesina, Novaledo, Levico Terme, Tenna, Vigolo Vattaro, Bosentino, Caldonazzo and Calceranica al Lago.
The Spanish Viceroy
The Spanish Viceroy is a problem play of English Renaissance drama. Originally a work by Philip Massinger dating from 1624, it was controversial in its own era, and may or may not exist today in altered form.

A Very Woman
A Very Woman, or The Prince of Tarent is an early seventeenth-century stage play, a tragicomedy written by Philip Massinger and John Fletcher. It was first published in 1655, fifteen and thirty years after the deaths of its authors.
Adana Province
Adana Province (Turkish: Adana ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey located in central Cilicia. The administrative seat of the province is the city of Adana, home to 78.25% of the residents of the province. Its area is 13,844 km2, and its population is 2,274,106 (2022). It is also closely associated with other Cilician provinces of Mersin, Osmaniye, and (northern) Hatay.

Provinces of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces (Turkish: il). Each province is divided into a number of districts (ilçe). Each provincial government is seated in the central district (merkez ilçe). For non-metropolitan municipality designated provinces, the central district bears the name of the province (e.g. the city/district of Rize is the central district of Rize Province). In the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the vilayet.

Each province is administered by an appointed governor (vali) from the Ministry of the Interior.
Güzelyalı Bridge
The Göztepe Şehit Kerem Oğuz Erbay Overpass (Turkish: Göztepe Şehit Kerem Oğuz Erbay Üstgeçidi), commonly known as Güzelyalı Bridge (Turkish: Güzelyalı Köprüsü) or just the Bridge Turkish: Köprü), is a 125 m (410 ft) long cable-stayed bridge in İzmir, Turkey. Located in southwest Konak, the bridge is a pedestrian overpass that crosses the Mustafa Kemal Coastal Boulevard. Opened in October 1997, the overpass has become a symbol of Göztepe and its surrounding neighborhoods.

Güzelyalı Bridge was renamed to its current name in 2010, after the death of Private Kerem Oğuz Erbay in a terrorist attack in İskenderun. A large ceremony was held on the bridge for Erbay and Private Serhat Aslan, both İzmir natives, who died in the attack.

Mustafa Kemal Coastal Boulevard
The Mustafa Kemal Coastal Boulevard (Turkish: Mustafa Kemal Sahil Bulvarı) is a major thoroughfare in İzmir, Turkey. Consisting of six lanes, it stretches from Cumhuriyet Boulevard in Çankaya to the İzmir-Çeşme motorway in Üçkuyular, running along the southeastern coast of the Gulf of İzmir.

The road was one of the city's first major projects at restructuring and improving İzmir's existing road network. The route was constructed upon reclaimed land, due to lack of space on the pre-existing coast, and built as a six-lane boulevard. Considered an urban extension of the Çeşme motorway, the Mustafa Kemal Coastal Boulevard was originally planned to continue north into Alsancak along the shore, then turn east and connect to the D.300 and D.550 state highways in Halkapınar. This part of the project was never built, due to public opposition, and the land originally reclaimed in Alsancak for the boulevard was converted into an esplanade.
Queen mandibular pheromone
Queen mandibular pheromone, or QMP, is a honey bee pheromone produced by the queen and fed to her attendants who share it with the rest of the colony to give the colony the sense of belonging to the queen. Newly emerged queens produce very little QMP. By the sixth day they are producing enough to attract drones for mating. A laying queen makes twice that amount. Lack of QMP seems to attract robber bees. A study of foraging worker bees has suggested that foraging bees are not attracted to QMP.

Queen bee
A queen bee is typically an adult, mated female (gyne) that lives in a colony or hive of honey bees. With fully developed reproductive organs, the queen is usually the mother of most, if not all, of the bees in the beehive. Queens are developed from larvae selected by worker bees and specially fed in order to become sexually mature. There is normally only one adult, mated queen in a hive, in which case the bees will usually follow and fiercely protect her.

The term "queen bee" can be more generally applied to any dominant reproductive female in a colony of a eusocial bee species other than honey bees. However, as in the Brazilian stingless bee (Schwarziana quadripunctata), a single nest may have multiple queens or even dwarf queens, ready to replace a dominant queen in case of a sudden death.
Erich Kästner (camera designer)
Erich Kurt Kästner (5 April 1911 – 31 January 2005) was a German movie camera designer. He was born in Jena.

During his work for ARRI, he invented the spinning mirror reflex shutter for film cameras, which was first used in the Arriflex 35 in 1937. It allows the operator to have a viewfinder image equal to the recorded picture.

Kästner received a Gordon E. Sawyer Award in 1992 and an Oscar in 1973 (Class II technical award [plaque]) and 1982 (Academy Award of Merit [statuette]). In 1994 he won the Bavarian Film Awards Honorary Award.

He died in Penzberg.

Arri
Arri Group (/ˈæri/) (stylized as "ARRI") is a German manufacturer of motion picture film equipment.  Based in Munich, the company was founded in 1917. It produces professional motion picture cameras, lenses, lighting and post-production equipment.  It is cited by Hermann Simon as an example of a "hidden champion". The Arri Alexa camera system was used to shoot several films that won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, including Hugo (2011), Life of Pi (2012), Gravity (2013), Birdman (2014), The Revenant (2015) and 1917 (2019).
Chambers Township, Ontario
Chambers Township is a square-shaped geographic township comprising a portion of the municipality of Temagami in Nipissing District, Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is used for geographic purposes, such as land surveying and natural resource explorations. Neighbouring geographic townships include Strathy Township, Briggs Township, Strathcona Township, Best Township and Banting Township.

Best Township, Ontario
Best Township is a geographic township comprising a portion of the municipality of Temagami in Nipissing District, Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is used for geographic purposes, such as land surveying and natural resource explorations. Neighbouring geographic townships include Gillies Limited Township to the north, Banting Township to the west, Chambers Township to the southwest, and Strathy and Cassels townships to the south.
Gyrocollema
Gyrocollema is a small genus of cyanolichens placed in the family Porocyphaceae. A 2024 multilocus study of the class Lichinomycetes emended Porocyphaceae and provisionally included Gyrocollema in that family; earlier sources classified it in Lichinaceae. Species are tiny, dark lichens associated with cyanobacteria and typically occur on rock in well-lit sites that are intermittently wet. Two names are widely cited, though the circumscription and family placement remain tentative pending additional sampling.

The genus, which was originally erected by the Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in 1929, comprises two species:

Gyrocollema rupestrinum (Zahlbr.) Henssen (1986)

Gyrocollema scyphuliferum  Vain. (1929)

Porocyphaceae
The Porocyphaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lichinales. Members of this family are typically small, dark-coloured lichens that form partnerships with cyanobacteria and grow on rocks, soil, or occasionally tree bark in well-lit areas that experience periodic wetting. The family was originally established in 1855 but was largely ignored until a 2024 study greatly expanded its scope to include genera previously placed in several other families. Porocyphaceae species are found worldwide, though they are uncommon in densely shaded forests.
Hack Slap
Hack slap is a game that utilises a footbag or 'Hacky Sack'.  The game is similar to the Australian handball rules.

The object is to keep the 'footbag' in the air by any means necessary, excluding hands.  When someone fails to keep the footbag in the air, hit it with an upward trajectory, or the 'footbag' fails to make it to an opponents square, they are eliminated.

Australian handball
Australian handball is a sport where players hit a ball against one or more walls using their hands. Distinct from the Olympic handball, Australian handball shares similarities in gameplay with Gaelic handball, Welsh handball, and American handball. The sport has been formally played in Australia since 1923.
Montgomeryshire Yeomanry
The Montgomeryshire Yeomanry was a Welsh auxiliary unit of the British Army first formed in 1803. It served in home defence and for internal security, including deployments to deal with Chartist disturbances in the 1830s. It provided volunteers to the Imperial Yeomanry during the Second Boer War and formed three regiments for service during World War I. It was broken up and converted to infantry and artillery in 1920.

4th Mounted Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 4th Mounted Brigade previously known as the 2/1st South Wales Mounted Brigade was a second line yeomanry brigade of the British Army during the First World War.

Raised after the declaration of war, it was a mirror formation of the first line South Wales Mounted Brigade. It had under command the 2/1st Pembroke Yeomanry, the 2/1st Montgomeryshire Yeomanry, the 2/1st Welsh Horse Yeomanry and the 2/1st Glamorgan Yeomanry. All of which were converted in cyclist units in 1916, the brigade, never having seen any active service, ceased to exist.