hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thatta
Thatta is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as the seat of power for three successive dynasties. Its construction was ordered by Jam Nizamuddin II in 1495. Thatta's historic significance has yielded several monuments in and around the city. Thatta's Makli Necropolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is site of one of the world's largest cemeteries and has numerous monumental tombs built between the 14th and 18th centuries designed in a syncretic funerary style characteristic of lower Sindh. The city's 17th century Shah Jahan Mosque is richly embellished with decorative tiles, and is considered to have the most elaborate display of tile work in the South Asia.

Mir Ali Sher Qani Thattvi
Mir ʿAlī Sher Thattvi, also known by his pen name Qāniʿ/Ḳāniʿ (b. 1727 - d. 1788), was a prominent Sindhi Sunni Muslim historian, poet, and scholar from Thatta, Sindh. He was the son of ʿIzzat Allāh al-Ḥusaynī al-S̲h̲īrāzī. He began composing poetry at 12 years of age. He received his education from local scholars, some of whom are mentioned in his work "Maḳālāt-al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ" He studied the "Fatawa-e-Alamgiri" and independently wrote essays, marking the start of his prolific career.

In 1761, he was commissioned by G̲h̲ulām S̲h̲āh ʿAbbāsī, the Kalhoro ruler of Sindh, to write a Persian history of the ruling dynasty, modelled after the "S̲h̲āhnāma" of Firdawsī, though this project remained incomplete. Five years later, he compiled "Tuḥfat al-kirām," which he completed in 1767. Qaune's literary contributions cover various topics, including the works of Al-Ghazali and Rumi. He has authored over more than forty-two works in total.
Anamul Haque
Mohammad Anamul Haque Bijoy (born 16 December 1992) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is a wicket-keeper and right-handed batsman. He is the first player to score 1000 runs and most runs in a single List-A tournament.

Dhaka Capitals
The Dhaka Capitals, also known as Dhaka Franchise, are a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Dhaka, that competes in the Bangladesh Premier League (BPL). The team was one of the seven debut franchises when the league was established in 2012. The team plays its home matches at the SBNCS and is owned by BCB.

The Capitals are the one of the most successful BPL franchise, along with Cumilla Victorians, having won three BPL titles under different owners. The team is currently owned by Shakib Khan. Salman F Rahman (Beximco) established this team in 2010 NCL. Europa Group also owned this team and named Dhaka Gladiators in 2012 BPL. They lifted two titles (2012, 2013) as an owner of Dhaka.

Dhaka Capitals are currently captained by Mohammad Mithun. Toby Radford was appointed as head coach of Dhaka Capitals. Shakib Al Hasan is the leading run scorer and the leading wicket taker of the team.
Iron deficiency (plant disorder)
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a plant disorder also known as "lime-induced chlorosis".  It can be confused with manganese deficiency. If soil iron concentration is high, in spite of this it can become unavailable for absorption if soil pH is higher than 6.5.  Excess of elements such as manganese in the soil can interfere with plant iron uptake triggering iron deficiency.

Iron is needed to produce chlorophyll, hence its deficiency causes chlorosis. For example, iron is used in the active site of glutamyl-tRNA reductase, an enzyme needed for the formation of 5-Aminolevulinic acid which is a precursor of heme and chlorophyll.

Manganese deficiency (plant)
Manganese (Mn) deficiency is a plant disorder that is often confused with, and occurs with, iron deficiency. Most common in poorly drained soils, also where organic matter levels are high. Manganese may be unavailable to plants where pH is high.

Affected plants include onion, apple, peas, French beans, cherry and raspberry, and symptoms include yellowing of leaves with smallest leaf veins remaining green to produce a ‘chequered’ effect. The plant may seem to grow away from the problem so that younger
leaves may appear to be unaffected. Brown spots may appear on leaf surfaces, and severely affected leaves turn brown and wither.
Hebdomeros
Hebdomeros is a 1929 book (referred to by some as a novel) by Italian painter Giorgio de Chirico. Chirico did not produce any other long-form writing. The book is narrated in the third person and loosely concerns the movement of a man, Hebdomeros, westward.  Writing in The Kenyon Review, Alan Burns referred to the text as a "surrealist dream novel".

Giorgio de Chirico
Giuseppe Maria Alberto Giorgio de Chirico (/ˈkɪrɪkoʊ/ KIRR-ik-oh; Italian: [ˈdʒordʒo de ˈkiːriko]; 10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian artist and writer born in Greece. In the years before World War I, he founded the scuola metafisica art movement, which profoundly influenced the surrealists. His best-known works often feature Roman arcades, long shadows, mannequins, trains, and illogical perspective. His imagery reflects his affinity for the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and of Friedrich Nietzsche, and for the mythology of his birthplace.

After 1919, de Chirico became a critic of modern art, studied traditional painting techniques, and later worked in a neoclassical or neo-Baroque style, while frequently revisiting the metaphysical themes of his earlier work. In 2018, it was suggested that de Chirico may have suffered from Alice in Wonderland syndrome.
Robert Emmet
Robert Emmet (4 March 1778 – 20 September 1803) was an Irish Republican, orator and rebel leader. Following the suppression of the United Irish uprising in 1798, he sought to organise a renewed attempt in Ireland to overthrow the British Crown and Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland, and to break the recently enforced union with Great Britain. Emmet entertained, but ultimately abandoned, hopes of immediate French assistance and of coordination with radical militants in Great Britain. In Ireland, many of the surviving veterans of '98 hesitated to lend their support, and his rising in Dublin in 1803 proved abortive.

Emmet’s Proclamation of the Provisional Government to the People of Ireland, his Speech from the Dock, and his "sacrificial" end on the gallows inspired later generations of Irish republicans. His memory was invoked by Patrick Pearse who in 1916 was again to proclaim a provisional government in Dublin.

William Wickham (civil servant)
William Wickham PC PC (Ire) (11 November 1761 – 22 October 1840) was a British spymaster and a director of internal security services during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was credited with disrupting radical conspiracies in England but, appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, failed in 1803 to anticipate a republican insurrection in Dublin. He ended his career in government service in 1804, resigning his post in Ireland where, privately, he denounced government policy as unjust and oppressive.
Quantum depolarizing channel
A quantum depolarizing channel is a model for quantum noise in quantum systems. The -dimensional depolarizing channel can be viewed as a completely positive trace-preserving map , depending on one parameter , which maps a state  onto a linear combination of itself and the maximally mixed state,

The condition of complete positivity requires  to satisfy the bounds

Quantum channel
In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel that can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information.  An example of quantum information is the general dynamics of a qubit.  An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over the Internet.

Terminologically, quantum channels are completely positive (CP) trace-preserving maps between spaces of operators.  In other words, a quantum channel is just a quantum operation viewed not merely as the reduced dynamics of a system but as a pipeline intended to carry quantum information.  (Some authors use the term "quantum operation" to include trace-decreasing maps while reserving "quantum channel" for strictly trace-preserving maps.)
Organa
Organa (Alpo-Morgan) was Kubrat's maternal uncle of the Ermi clan. According to John of Nikiu, he was regent (kavkhan) over the tribe of the Onogur Bulgars from 617 to 630 in place of his nephew, Kubrat, for the time Kubrat was growing up as a hostage in the Byzantine Empire. There is information that Organa accompanied Kubrat on his initial trip to Constantinople. Some historians have identified Organa with Gostun and Western Turkic Baghatur Qaghan (莫賀咄可汗 Mòhèduō Kèhán). Panos Sophoulis considered that Organa is in fact a Turkic title (or-ḡan/qan) rather than a proper name.

Külüg Sibir
Külüg Sibir or Baghatur Khagan (r. 630) was a ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate in the 7th century. He was probably Tardu's son and the governor of the northern provinces of the khaganate during the reigns of his nephews.
Cemetery of Anchors
The Cemetery of Anchors (Portuguese: Cemitério das Âncoras) is a subaquatic archaeological site, situated within the Bay of Angra, in the civil parish of Sé, municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, on the Portuguese island of Terceira, in the Azores.

Bay of Angra
Bay of Angra (Portuguese: Baía de Angra) is a natural bay within the coastal extent of the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, on the Portuguese island of Terceira in the archipelago of the Azores. Within an average depth of 40 metres (130 ft), the bay has been of historical importance to the island; since the 15th century, it was a port-of-call for returning merchant shipping from the East Indies and Brazil, laden with gold, silver, porcelain, spices, rare woods, and other goods. These ships would anchor in the Bay of Angra until supported by armed escorts, which would accompany the ships on the rest of their voyage to Portugal. The Bay at Angra provided shelter from northern and northwestern winds; only storms originating to the south or southeast, posed a threat. Nonetheless, the Bay is the final resting-place of several ships affected by the adverse winds: local archives and a rich oral tradition support the foundering of many ships against the leeward shore.
Llanolebias
Llanolebias stellifer is a species of killifish in the family Rivulidae. It is endemic to the Llanos, a part of the Orinoco basin in Venezuela, where it lives in shallow temporary waters (like ponds) in forests. This annual killifish grows to a total length of 7.5 cm (3.0 in).  It is the only known member of its genus, but it was formerly included in Rachovia.

Rachovia
Rachovia is a genus of killifish from the family Rivulidae the species of which are endemic to the Orinoco, Maracaibo and Magdalena basins in Colombia and Venezuela, where they live in small temporary waters like ponds. They are small annual killifish that reach up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in total length. The name of this genus honours the German aquarist  Arthur Rachow (1884–1960) who sent fish specimens to George S. Myers.
Kodè
Kodè is an arrondissement in the Ouémé department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Adjohoun. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 5289.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Rabo de Junco
Rabo de Junco (also: Monte Leão) is a hill on the west coast of the island of Sal in Cape Verde. It is situated at the northern end of the Baía da Murdeira, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southwest of the island capital Espargos. Its steep eroded south face towards the bay is an important nesting area for birds. Rabo de Junco and the surrounding 154 hectares (380 acres) are protected as a nature reserve.
It was mentioned as Rabadyunk in the 1747 map by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin. To its west lies the uninhabited islet Ilhéu Rabo de Junco.

Ilhéu Rabo de Junco
Ilhéu Rabo de Junco is an uninhabited islet near the west coast of Sal Island, Cape Verde. It lies about 300 metres (980 feet) from the coast. It is 253 metres (830 feet) long and 165 metres (541 feet) wide, its shoreline is about 878 metres (2,881 feet) long. It is the only islet near the island of Sal. Baía da Murdeira lies to the southeast of the islet. Further east is the highest point in southern Sal named Rabo de Junco, which has an elevation of 165 metres (541 feet). The islet is part of the marine nature reserve Baía da Murdeira.
Supayacetus
Supayacetus is an extinct genus of basilosaurid cetacean from the Middle Eocene (Bartonian stage) Paracas Formation of Peru. It has been noted for its relatively small size and basal morphology, with the sternum bearing close resemblance to those of protocetids. Due to this, it has been traditionally placed as one of the basalmost basilosaurids, except for a 2023 study that places it within the family Pachycetinae close to Neoceti. Supayacetus is monotypic, meaning the genus includes only a single species: S. muizoni.

Basilosauridae
Basilosauridae is a family of extinct cetaceans that lived during the middle to late Eocene. Basilosaurids are known from all continents including Antarctica, and are probably the first fully aquatic cetaceans. The group is noted to be a paraphyletic assemblage of stem group whales from which the monophyletic Neoceti are derived.
Andreas Kirkerup
Andreas Johannes Kirkerup (9 June 1749 – 22 October 1810) was a Danish architect and master builder and one of the most significant pupils of Caspar Frederik Harsdorff. Together with architects such as Andreas Hallander and Johan Martin Quist, he played a major role in the rebuilding of Copenhagen after the Great Fire of 1795.

Dronninggård
Næsseslottet  is an 18th-century country house located on the shores of lake Furesøen  at Holte north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The name, which translates as "Peninsula House", is a reference to the buildings setting on a narrow peninsula which extends from the east shore of the lake. The estate had previously been a royal farm known as Dronningegård and this name has long been associated with the locale.
Papyernya rural council
Papyernya rural council (Belarusian: Папярнянскі сельсавет; Russian: Папернянский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Minsk district, Minsk region, Belarus. Its administrative center is the   agrotown of Balshavik.

Minsk district
Minsk district (Belarusian: Мінскі раён; Russian: Минский район) is a district (raion) of Belarus in Minsk region. The administrative center is the capital Minsk, which is administratively separated from the district and region. As of 2024, it has a population of 274,990. The most populous town in the district is Zaslawye.
Sergio Llull
Sergio Llull Melià (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseɾxjo ˈʎuʎ]; born 15 November 1987) is a Spanish professional basketball player and the team captain for Real Madrid of the Spanish Liga ACB and the EuroLeague. He is a 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) combo guard.

Llull is Real Madrid's all-time leader in points scored. He is also a two−time All-EuroLeague Team selection, and was the EuroLeague MVP of the 2016–17 season. As a regular member of the senior Spain national team, he has won a FIBA World Cup title, three EuroBasket gold medals, as well as a bronze. He also won two Summer Olympics medals, a silver in 2012, and a bronze in 2016.

EuroBasket 2009
The 2009 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 2009, was the 36th FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship held by FIBA Europe. The tournament, which was hosted by Poland, began on 7 September and concluded with the final on 20 September 2009. The competition served as a qualification tournament for the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey.

Spain claimed their first EuroBasket title by routing Serbia 85–63 in the final. Greece captured the bronze medal with a 57–56 victory over Slovenia. The four teams to make the semi-finals, plus France and Croatia claimed the six European qualifying places for the 2010 FIBA World Championship. Spain's Pau Gasol was named the tournament MVP.
1956 Davis Cup America Zone
The America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup.

5 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. The United States defeated Mexico in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

1956 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup.

24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Sweden in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.
Pavelló Menorca
Pavelló Menorca (Pabellón Menorca in Spanish) is an arena in Menorca, Spain. It is located in the area of Binitaufa, in the city of Maó.  It is primarily used for basketball and was the home arena of Menorca Bàsquet. The arena holds 5,115 people and was built in a record time of 100 days in 2005, to host Menorca Bàsquet's home games after the club's promotion to the Liga ACB.

After Menorca Bàsquet disbanded in 2012, the arena has hosted the games of CB Menorca since 2017. The arena has also hosted games in several editions of the World Padel Tour.

Mahón
Maó (Catalan: [məˈo], locally [ˈmo]; formerly spelled Mahó, in Spanish Mahón (Spanish: [maˈon])), and also written as Mahon and historically as Port Mahon in English, is the capital and second largest city of Menorca. The city is located on the eastern coast of the island, which is part of the archipelago and autonomous community of the Balearic Islands.

Maó has one of the longest natural harbours in the world: 5 kilometres (3 miles) long and up to 900 metres (3,000 feet) wide. The water is deep but remains mostly clear due to the port's enclosed nature. Mayonnaise is considered to have originated in Maó.

Its population in 2021 was estimated to be 29,125.
Ashkan Dejagah
Seyed Ashkan Dejagah (Persian: سید اشكان دژآگه, born 5 July 1986), known as Ashkan Dejagah, is an Iranian former professional  footballer who played as a midfielder.

He represented Germany at youth levels between 2001 and 2009, going on to win the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. He has played for the Iranian national team since 2011, helping them qualify for the 2014 World Cup, 2015 Asian Cup and the 2018 FIFA World Cup, although he did not play in the last. In 2015, Dejagah was voted by fans on Navad as Iran's best ever left midfielder.

Dejagah made his professional debut for Hertha BSC in the 2004–05 Bundesliga season. In 2007, he joined VfL Wolfsburg, winning the Bundesliga in the 2008–09 season. In 2012, he joined Premier League side Fulham on a €2.5 million three-year deal.

Iranians in Germany
Iranians in Germany (German: Iraner in Deutschland) include immigrants from Iran to Germany as well as their descendants of Iranian heritage or background. Iranians in Germany are referred to by hyphenated terms such as Iranian-Germans or Persian-Germans. Similar terms Iranisch Deutsch and Persisches Deutsch,  may be found in Germanophone media. In 2024, Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Destatis) estimates that 319,000 people of Iranian background live in Germany.

Iranians in Germany have taken a wide range of jobs, from fashion, arts and entertainment to engineering and medicine.
Thomas Moody (colonial officer)
Colonel Thomas Moody ADC DCL JP Kt. (1779–1849) was a British Colonial Office expert on the West Indies; Commander of the Royal Engineers in the West Indies; Home Secretary for Foreign Parliamentary Commissioners; Director of the British Royal Gunpowder Manufactory; and Inspector of British Gunpowder.

Moody was knighted by France, by Louis XVIII, in the Order of Military Merit, for his service during the Napoleonic Wars, and by the Ottoman Empire in their Order of Glory. Moody and his friend Sir James Stirling offered in 1828 to colonise Australia using their own capital, but were prohibited from doing so by the British Government.

Moody was the father of Major-General Richard Clement Moody (who was the founder of British Columbia and first British Governor of the Falkland Islands); and of Colonel Hampden Clement Blamire Moody CB (who was the Commander of the Royal Engineers in China during the Taiping Rebellion and Second Opium War).

Curzon Street
Curzon Street is a street in Mayfair, London, within the W1J postcode district, that ranges from Fitzmaurice Place, past Shepherd Market, to Park Lane. It is named after Sir Nathaniel Curzon, 2nd Baronet, who inherited the landholding during 1715. More houses were built there during the 1720s.
Casa natal de Goya
The Casa natal de Goya (English: Goya's Birthplace) is an historical house museum in Fuendetodos, Aragon, where renowned artist Francisco Goya was born in 1746. It is, since 1989, a house museum, that preserves reproductions of artworks and documents from Goya, and also objects and furniture of Aragonese style. An inscription in the façade of the house identifies it as the birthplace of Goya. Both the house museum and the contiguous Sala Zuloaga are open to the public.

Fuendetodos
Fuendetodos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈfwendeˌtoðos]) is a town in the Campo de Belchite comarca (county), in Aragon, Spain, located about 44 kilometers south-east of Zaragoza. As of 2011, it had a population of approximately 178.

The town is associated with painter Francisco de Goya, who was born in Fuendetodos in 1746, and contains a museum dedicated to his work. The town has nearly 25,000 visitors each year.
Lundazi District
Lundazi District is a district in Zambia, located in Eastern Province. The capital is Lundazi. The district shares borders with Chasefu District to the north, Lumezi District to the south-west, and the Republic of Malawi to the east and south.

In 2022, the district had an estimated population of 154,908 people. In 2018, Lundazi district was divided into 3 districts (Lundazi, Lumezi and Chasefu) by the government to enable rural development. Tumbuka is the predominant language spoken in the district.

Chasefu District
Chasefu District is a district of Eastern Province, Zambia. It was made independent from Lundazi District in 2018. As of the 2022 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 131,160 people. The district is inhabited by the Tumbuka people. Chitumbuka is the predominant language spoken in the district.
Van Hatfield
Van Hatfield (born September 13, 1971) is an American professional strongman competitor and powerlifter from Mapleton, Utah. Van won America's Strongest Man in 2004, his career best win. Van came in 2nd at the IFSA Strongman World Team Championships in 2005 with team Pan-America with teammates Travis Ortmayer, Geoff Dolan and Jon Andersen. Van competed in the 2007 IFSA Strongman World Championships, finishing in eighth place.

Jon Andersen
Jon Andersen-Reel,  normally referred to simply as Jon Andersen (born January 8, 1972) is an American professional wrestler, bodybuilder, and former professional strongman competitor. Andersen has wrestled for Pro Wrestling Revolution based in California, Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) in Mexico and Japanese promotions Inoki Genome Federation (IGF) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).
Mourquong
Mourquong is a locality in New South Wales, Australia on the Murray River just over the bridge from Mildura, Victoria, near Buronga.

Major public sites in Mourquong are often described as being in Buronga, when officially they are not. "Mourquong" is an older name for the broader area, while "Buronga" was a name given to the township that later formed on the other side of the Murray River from Mildura (hence its earlier name "Mildura Bridge").

The Mourquong Irrigation Area is a distinct area, though without well-known infrastructure like a shop or school.

Buronga, New South Wales
Buronga (/bəˈrɒŋɡə/ bə-RONG-gə) is a town in New South Wales, Australia on the Murray River.  The George Chaffey Bridge connects Buronga with Mildura, Victoria. In 2021, the town had a population of 1,252 people.