hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
D. G. Hathiramani
Dayaram Gangaram Hathiramani was an Indian merchant, philanthropist and table tennis player and coach. He later naturalized as a Ghanaian. He was very instrumental in establishing the game of table tennis in Ghana. He first arrived in the Gold Coast in the late 1940s. He was one of the founders of the Gold Coast Table Tennis Association in 1951. He played the game himself and captained the Gold Coast team to win the Azikiwe Cup in Lagos, Nigeria.  He quit playing and became a coach around 1954. He established a table tennis school in Accra and churned out a lot of stars who competed for Ghana and won various laurels. He sometimes sponsored players himself. In 1977 for example, an intensive course was organised for table tennis coaches in Accra. Some of the participants were housed at his home. One of his proteges was Ethel Jacks, who was African Tennis Champion on three occasions.

Ethel Jacks
Ethel Jacks is a former Ghanaian professional table tennis player who won three consecutive women's singles titles (1964, 1968, 1974) and three women's doubles  titles (1964, 1968, 1976) at the African Table Tennis Championships. This feat earned her the nickname, Queen of African table tennis. She also competed at the 1961 World Championships. She was one of the Ghana tennis players who developed and trained under D. G. Hathiramani.

Born in Accra, Ghana , she represented her father's birth country at the 1976 African Championships.
Special routes of U.S. Route 87 in Texas
The following special routes exist or existed parallel to U.S. Route 87 (US 87) in Texas, primarily along former alignments. They are varyingly designated by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) as business routes of US 87, state highway loops and spurs, and business loops of Interstate 27 (I-27).

Kendall County, Texas
Kendall County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. In the 2020 census, its population was 44,279. Its county seat is Boerne. The county is named for George Wilkins Kendall, a journalist and Mexican–American War correspondent. Kendall County is located in the Texas German belt region, an area settled by German emigrants in the mid 1800s.

Kendall County is part of the San Antonio–New Braunfels, TX metropolitan statistical area.

Progressive Farmer rated Kendall County fifth in its list of the "Best Places to Live in Rural America" in 2006.

Kendall, along with Hays and Comal Counties, was listed in 2017 of the nation's 10 fastest-growing large counties with a population of at least 10,000. From 2015 to 2016, Kendall County, the second-fastest-growing county in the nation, grew by 5.16%, gaining 2,088 people in a one-year period.
Épizon
Épizon (French pronunciation: [epizɔ̃]) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. In 1972 it absorbed the former commune Bettoncourt-le-Haut. On 28 February 2013, Épizon annexed the neighboring commune of Pautaines-Augeville.

Pautaines-Augeville
Pautaines-Augeville (French pronunciation: [potɛn oʒvil]) is a former commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. On 28 February 2013, Pautaines-Augeville was annexed by the commune of Épizon.
Kate Walsh (netball)
Kate Walsh (née Shimmin; born in 1992) is an Australian netball player, most recently in the Suncorp Super Netball league, playing for the Sunshine Coast Lightning.  In August 2019, Jess Thirlby the new England Roses Coach announced Walsh would join the full time England Roses programme.

Walsh grew up in South Australia and was a part of the South Australian Institute of Sport Volleyball program before being offered a SASI Netball scholarship which she chose over volleyball. When she finished High School she moved to Canberra where she developed her skills at the Australian Institute of Sport.

Sunshine Coast Lightning
Sunshine Coast Lightning are a professional Australian netball team based at the University of the Sunshine Coast. The team was formed in 2016 as a joint venture between the university and Melbourne Storm. Since 2017 they have played in Super Netball. Lightning have played in three grand finals, winning premierships in 2017 and 2018.
Petrich, Sofia Province
Petrich (Bulgarian: Петрич [pɛˈtrit͡ʃ]) is a village in Zlatitsa Municipality, in Sofia Province, western Bulgaria. The name of the village is pronounced with a stress on the last syllable, in contrast with the name of the town of Petrich.

Zlatitsa Municipality
The municipality of Zlatitsa (Bulgarian: Община Златица [opʃtiˈna zɫɐˈtit͡sɐ]) is a municipality in Sofia Province, Bulgaria. It is made up of two disjoint areas: one consisting of the territory of the town of Zlatitsa and the neighbouring village of Karlievo, and another one centred on the village of Petrich to the south-west, which is separated by the territory of the intervening Chavdar Municipality. The municipality has a population of 5,077 (according to a 2019 estimate).
Direct reference theory
A direct reference theory (also called referentialism or referential realism) is a theory of language that claims that the meaning of a word or expression lies in what it points out in the world. The object denoted by a word is called its referent. Criticisms of this position are often associated with Ludwig Wittgenstein.

In the 19th century, mathematician and philosopher Gottlob Frege also argued against it, and contrasted it with mediated reference theory. In 1953, with his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein argued against referentialism, famously saying that "the meaning of a word is its use." Direct reference theory is a position typically associated with logical positivism and analytical philosophy. Logical positivist philosophers in particular have significantly devoted their efforts in countering positions of the like of Wittgenstein's, a

Ruth Barcan Marcus
Ruth Barcan Marcus (/ˈbɑːrkən ˈmɑːrkəs/; born Ruth Charlotte Barcan; 2 August 1921 – 19 February 2012) was an American academic philosopher and logician best known for her work in modal and philosophical logic. She developed the first formal systems of quantified modal logic and in so doing introduced the schema or principle known as the Barcan formula. (She would also introduce the now standard "box" operator for necessity in the process.) Marcus, who originally published as Ruth C. Barcan, was, as Don Garrett notes "one of the twentieth century's most important and influential philosopher-logicians". Timothy Williamson, in a 2008 celebration of Marcus' long career, states that many of her "main ideas are not just original, and clever, and beautiful, and fascinating, and influential, and way ahead of their time, but actually – I believe – true".
Nolan Baumgartner
Nolan Baumgartner (born March 23, 1976) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is currently an assistant coach for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was formerly an assistant coach with the Vancouver Canucks of the NHL. Baumgartner was selected by the Washington Capitals in the 1st round (10th overall) of the 1994 NHL entry draft. He played parts of ten seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for six different teams between 1995 and 2010. Baumgartner played only one full season in the NHL, 2005–06 with the Vancouver Canucks, and spent most of his playing career in the AHL.

1995 Memorial Cup
The 1995 Memorial Cup occurred May 13–21 at the Riverside Coliseum in Kamloops, British Columbia.  It was the 77th annual Memorial Cup competition and determined the major junior ice hockey champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL).  Participating teams were the host Kamloops Blazers, who were also the champions of the Western Hockey League, as well as the WHL runner-up Brandon Wheat Kings, and the winners of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League and Ontario Hockey League, which were the Hull Olympiques and the Detroit Jr. Red Wings.  Kamloops won their second straight Memorial Cup, over Detroit.
Stock (firearms)
A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock, or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached.  The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.

The tiller of a crossbow is functionally the equivalent of the stock on a gun.

Long gun
A long gun is a category of firearms with long barrels. In small arms, a long gun or longarm is generally designed to be held by both hands and braced against the shoulder, in contrast to a handgun, which can be fired being held with a single hand. In the context of cannons and mounted firearms, an artillery long gun would be contrasted with a field gun or howitzer.
David L. Osborn
David Lawrence Osborn (January 11, 1921 – September 16, 1994) of Tennessee served as Consul General of the United States of America Hong Kong and Macau from August 1970 to March 1974, and as United States Ambassador to Burma from March 1974 to July 1977, immediately following Edwin W. Martin in both positions.

He received a B.A. from Southwestern University at Memphis in 1940, and an M.A. from Harvard University in 1947.

Consulate General of the United States, Hong Kong and Macau
The Consulate General of the United States, Hong Kong and Macau, represents the United States in Hong Kong and Macau.

It has been located at 26 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, since the late 1950s. The consul general is Julie A. Eadeh, who has served since August 2025.

Due to Hong Kong and Macau's special status, and in accordance with the United States–Hong Kong Policy Act, the U.S. consulate general to Hong Kong operates as an independent mission, with the consul general as the "chief of mission" (with title of "ambassador)". The consul general to Hong Kong and Macau is not under the jurisdiction of the United States ambassador to China, and reports directly to the U.S. Department of State as do other chiefs of mission, who are ambassadors in charge of embassies.

All recent consuls-general are at the career minister rank in the U.S. Senior Foreign Service, whereas many other ambassadors are only minister counsellor.
John Christopher Fine
John Christopher Fine of Scarsdale, New York is a marine biologist with a doctor of jurisprudence degree and has dived on shipwrecks all over the world. He is a Master Scuba Instructor and Instructor Trainer, and the author of over two dozen books on almost as many topics, including award-winning books dealing with ocean pollution. He has authored both fiction and non-fiction books.

The liaison officer of the United Nations Environment Programme and the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques, Fine is a fellow of the Explorers Club and a member of the Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences, a recognition he received in honor of his numerous books in the field of juvenile education. He has been the recipient of international recognition for his pioneering work investigating toxic waste contamination of our land and water resources.

NOGI Awards
The NOGI Awards is an award presented annually by the Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences (AUAS) to diving luminaries and is "considered the Oscar of the ocean world." Selection of recipients is based on their record of accomplishments and excellence in the diving world. NOGI awards are given out to world-class standouts of the diving community who have distinguished themselves and made a global impact on diving in one or more of four general categories: Science, Arts, Sports/Education, and Environment. A fifth NOGI is given for Distinguished Service.
Jeong Yun-ho
Jeong Yun-ho (Korean: 정윤호; born March 23, 1999), mononymously known as Yunho, is a South Korean singer, dancer and actor. He debuted as one of the dancers and vocalists for the South Korean boy band Ateez in 2018.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Indefinite monism
Indefinite monism is a philosophical conception of reality that asserts that only awareness is real and that the wholeness of reality can be conceptually thought of in terms of immanent and transcendent aspects.  The immanent aspect is denominated simply as awareness, while the transcendent aspect is  referred to as omnific awareness.

Awareness in this system is not equivalent to consciousness.  Rather, awareness is the venue for consciousness, and the transcendent aspect of reality, omnific awareness, is what consciousness is of.

Awareness
In psychology and philosophy, awareness is the perception or knowledge of something. The concept is often synonymous with consciousness; however, one can be aware of something without being explicitly conscious of it (e.g., blindsight).

The states of awareness are also associated with the states of experience, so that the structure represented in awareness is mirrored in the structure of experience.
Pierre Lemercier
Pierre Lemercier (fl 1532 – 1552) was a 16th-century French architect or master mason. He was first of the Lemercier family of architects/masons. Work attributed to Pierre includes the western tower of Pontoise Cathedral and possible the original design of the church of Saint-Eustache, Paris. He was succeeded at Pontoise and Saint-Eustache by his son Nicolas Lemercier.

Saint-Eustache, Paris
The Church of St. Eustache, Paris (French: église Saint-Eustache, pronounced [eɡliz sɛ̃t‿østaʃ]), is a church in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. The present building was built between 1532 and 1633.

Situated near the site of Paris' medieval marketplace (Les Halles) and rue Montorgueil, Saint-Eustache exemplifies a mixture of multiple architectural styles: its structure is Flamboyant Gothic while its interior decoration and other details are Renaissance and classical. It is the second largest church in the city, just behind Notre-Dame.

The 2019 Easter Mass at Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris was relocated to Saint-Eustache after the Notre-Dame de Paris fire.
Castle of Tolcinasco
The Castle of Tolcinasco (Italian: Castello di Tolcinasco) is a 16th century fortification located in Lombardy, Italy, more precisely in Tolcinasco, frazione of the comune of Pieve Emanuele. Built by the House of Adda, it can be defined as an heavily fortified farmhouse due to the fact that it was the building from which the country nearby could be defended and because it was also the depot where farming supplies and harvest from the crops was held. As of today, the castle is a privately owned structure which has been turned into a golf resort and spa.

Pieve Emanuele
Pieve Emanuele (Lombard: Piev [ˈpjeːf]) is a comune (municipality) of 15,876 inhabitants in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Milan, and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Pavia. It is located inside of the Parco Agricolo Sud Milano.

The Lambro meridionale flows through the comune's territory, and its erosive action has created the Valle delle Volpi (English: Valley of the Foxes), which is located entirely in the town's territory. Pieve Emanuele is also lapped by the river Olona. The great presence of water made the construction of a network of artificial canals possible, thus causing the great development of agricultural activity in the area.
Twister (Knoebels Amusement Resort)
Twister is a wooden roller coaster located at Knoebels Amusement Resort in Elysburg, Pennsylvania. It is a custom wooden coaster designed by John Fetterman, with heavy inspiration taken from Mister Twister at Elitch Gardens.

Elitch Gardens
Elitch Gardens was a family-owned seasonal amusement park, theater, and botanic garden in the West Highland neighborhood in northwest Denver, Colorado, United States, at 38th Avenue and Tennyson Street. For more than a century Elitch's was one of the most popular entertainment destinations in Colorado. It was nationally known for its luscious gardens, the Elitch Theatre, the Trocadero Ballroom, and the premier wooden roller coaster, Mister Twister. The park moved to downtown Denver in 1994, and later in November 1998 became Six Flags Elitch Gardens (now simply Elitch Gardens once again). The former location has been redeveloped.
1972 Eisenhower Trophy
The 1972 Eisenhower Trophy took place 18 to 21 October at the Olivos Golf Club in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was the eighth World Amateur Team Championship for the Eisenhower Trophy. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 32 four-man teams. The best three scores for each round counted towards the team total.

The United States won the Eisenhower Trophy for the third successive time, finishing five strokes ahead of the silver medalists, Australia. South Africa took the bronze medal while Spain finished fourth. Tony Gresham from Australia had the lowest individual score, one-over-par 285, two strokes better than two Americans, Ben Crenshaw and Vinny Giles.

Ben Crenshaw
Ben Daniel Crenshaw (born January 11, 1952) is an American retired professional golfer who has won 19 events on the PGA Tour, including two major championships: the Masters Tournament in 1984 and 1995. Nicknamed Gentle Ben, Crenshaw is widely regarded as one of the best putters in golf history.
Institut aérotechnique
The Institut aérotechnique (IAT) is a French public research laboratory part of the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, specializing in aerodynamic studies, located in Saint-Cyr-l'École (Yvelines).

The creation of this institute is thanks to an initiative of Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe, also founder of the Aéro-Club de France. Its inauguration took place on July 8, 1911. It currently has several wind tunnels, some of which specialize in the automotive, railway and aerospace sectors. Concerning aeronautics, the laboratory has a partnership with the Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées.

Saint-Cyr-l'École
Saint-Cyr-l'École (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ siʁ lekɔl] ⓘ) is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 21.4 km (13.3 mi) from the centre of Paris.

It used to host the training school for officers of the French army, the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM), which was relocated to Coëtquidan in 1945.
The old buildings of the ESM are now used by the lycée militaire de Saint-Cyr (military high school of Saint-Cyr).

Inhabitants are called Saint-Cyriens (uppercase, with students or graduates from the school called saint-cyriens with lowercase).
Eugene Rabinowitch
Eugene Rabinowitch (Russian: Евгений Исаакович Рабинович; April 27, 1901 – May 15, 1973) was a Russian-born American biophysicist who is known for his work in photosynthesis and nuclear energy. He was a co-author of the Franck Report and a co-founder in 1945 of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, a global security and public policy magazine, which he edited until his death.

Govindjee
Govindjee (born 24 October 1932) is an Indian-American scientist and educator. He is Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Plant Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he taught from 1961 until 1999.  As Professor Emeritus since 1999, Govindjee has continued to be active in the field of photosynthesis through teaching and publishing. He is recognized internationally as a leading expert on photosynthesis.
Literature of Flanders
Literature of Flanders or Flemish literature is literature from Flanders, historically a region comprising parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. Until the early 19th century, this literature was regarded as an integral part of "Dutch" (Nederlandse) literature. After Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830, the terms Flemish literature and literature of Flanders acquired a narrower meaning, and refer to the Dutch-language literature produced in Belgium. Most of the literature created in Flanders remains part of Dutch-language literature.

Johan Daisne
Johan Daisne was the pseudonym of Flemish author Herman Thiery (2 September 1912 – 9 August 1978). Born in Ghent, Belgium, he attended the Koninklijk Atheneum before studying Economics and Slavic languages at Ghent University, receiving his doctorate in 1936. In 1945 he was appointed chief librarian of the city of Ghent.
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay took place on 15 August at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece.

The South African team (Roland Schoeman, Lyndon Ferns, Darian Townsend, and Ryk Neethling) set a new world record of 3:13.17 to solidify their country's triumph with a gold medal in the event. Defending Olympic champion Pieter van den Hoogenband swam a fastest split of 46.79 to take the silver for the Dutch in a national record of 3:14.36, leaving the U.S. team of Ian Crocker, Michael Phelps, Neil Walker, and Jason Lezak with the bronze in 3:14.62, their worst result in Olympic history.

Roland Schoeman
Roland Mark Schoeman OIS (born 3 July 1980) is a South African and American former swimmer was a world record holder in multiple events, and was a member of the South African swimming team at the 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games.  He won a gold medal representing South Africa in the 4x100 freestyle relay at the 2004 Athens Olympics and between 2000-2014 won numerous medals including seven golds in freestyle, and butterfly events at the World Championships, Pan American, and Commonwealth games.
Phum Duang River
The Phum Duang River (Thai: แม่น้ำพุมดวง, RTGS: Maenam Phum Duang, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm pʰum duəŋ]) (rarely also called the Khiri Rat River) is a river in Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand, the main tributary of the Tapi River.

The rivers drains an area of 6,125 square kilometres (2,365 sq mi) west of the Tapi watershed, mainly the eastern slopes of the Phuket mountain range. It joins the estuary of the Tapi 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Surat Thani in Phunphin District.

The river has a total length of 80 km.

Surat Thani province
Surat Thani (Thai: สุราษฎร์ธานี, pronounced [sù.râːt tʰāː.nīː]), often shortened to Surat, is the largest province (changwat) of Southern Thailand. It lies on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Surat Thani means 'city of good people', a title given to the city by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI); Surat Thani is therefore the sole province in Southern Thailand for which the native name is in the Central Thai language.