hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of Scottish Television
This is a timeline of the history of the British broadcaster Scottish Television (now known as STV Central). It provides the ITV network service for Central Scotland.

The timeline also includes events for the whole of the merged STV channel covering Central and Northern Scotland after 2006.

History of ITV
The history of ITV, the United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies "Independent Television" commercial network, goes back to 1955.

Independent Television began as a network of independently owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network.

By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group.
Cone-saturated
In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis, if  is a cone at 0 in a vector space  such that  then a subset  is said to be -saturated if  where  
Given a subset  the -saturated hull of  is the smallest -saturated subset of  that contains  
If  is a collection of subsets of  then

If  is a collection of subsets of  and if  is a subset of  then  is a fundamental subfamily of  if every  is contained as a subset of some element of  
If  is a family of subsets of a TVS  then a cone  in  is called a -cone if  is a fundamental subfamily of  and  is a strict -cone if  is a fundamental subfamily of

-saturated sets play an important role in the theory of ordered topological vector spaces and topological vector lattices.

Topological vector lattice
In mathematics, specifically in functional analysis and order theory, a topological vector lattice is a Hausdorff topological vector space (TVS)  that has a partial order  making it into vector lattice that possesses a neighborhood base at the origin consisting of solid sets. 
Ordered vector lattices have important applications in spectral theory.
Briton Ferry East
Briton Ferry East is an electoral ward of Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales.  Briton Ferry West falls within the parish of Briton Ferry and the parliamentary constituency of Aberafan Maesteg.

Briton Ferry East is bounded by the wards of Briton Ferry West to the west; Neath East and Cimla to the north; Pelenna to the east; Bryn and Cwmavon to the southeast; and Baglan to the south.  Most of Briton Ferry East consists of open grassland and woodland with a residential and commercial strip to the far west of the ward.

Bryn and Cwmavon
Bryn and Cwmavon (Welsh: Bryn a Chwmafan) is an electoral ward of Neath Port Talbot county borough, south Wales.  The electoral ward comprises the parishes of Bryn and Cwmavon.

Bryn and Cwmavon consists of some or all of the following areas: Bryn, Brynbryddan, Cwmavon, Pontrhydyfen in the Senedd constituency of Aberavon and the UK constituency of Aberafan Maesteg.  The largest settlement in the ward is Cwmavon.  The rest of the ward consists mostly of woodland and open moorland.

Bryn and Cwmavon is bounded by the wards of Pelenna and Cymmer to the north; Maesteg and Caerau of Bridgend county borough to the east; Margam, Taibach and Port Talbot to the south; Baglan to the west and Briton Ferry East to the northwest.

In the 2017 local council elections, the electorate turnout for Bryn and Cwmavon was 42%.  The results were:

In the 2012 local council elections, the electorate turnout for Bryn and Cwmavon was 38.57%.  The results were:
Skårasalen
Skårasalen is a mountain in Ørsta Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 1,542-metre (5,059 ft) tall mountain has the seventh largest prominence (1,383 metres or 4,537 feet) of all mountains in Norway. The mountain is located about 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of the village of Sæbø and the Bondalen valley in the Hjørundfjorden area of the municipality. The nearby mountain, Jakta, lies directly to the east on the opposite side of the fjord.

Skårasalen lies within the Sunnmørsalpene mountain range along the southern shores of the Hjørundfjorden. Access is easiest from the Kvistad valley on the western side.  An alternative descent for skiing is a steep route straight down to the fjord on the eastern side, and then to return via a hired boat.

Bondalen
Bondalen is a valley in Ørsta Municipality in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. The 11-kilometre (6.8 mi) long, sparsely populated valley runs west from the village of Sæbø, on the shore of the Hjørundfjorden.

A section of Norwegian County Road 655 (Fv655) runs through the valley, serving Sæbø and accessing the ferry that links traffic to and from the eastern leg of Fv655, across Hjørundfjorden.

Bondalen is located in the midst of the Sunnmørsalpene mountains, with the mountain Skårasalen just to the south.  The Hjørundfjord Church, a primary and secondary school, and a number of other community services for the area are all located in the valley.
Silvery greater galago
The silvery greater galago (Otolemur crassicaudatus monteiri) is a nocturnal primate from the galago family. It is usually found in Brachystegia woodland, from Angola to Tanzania, western Kenya and Rwanda.

The species was separated from the brown greater galago by Colin Groves in 2001, including O. m. argentatus as a subspecies, but both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists retain it as a subspecies.

Galago
Galagos /ɡəˈleɪɡoʊz/, also known as bush babies or nagapies (meaning "night monkeys" in Afrikaans), are small nocturnal primates native to continental, sub-Sahara Africa, and make up the family Galagidae (also sometimes called Galagonidae). They are considered a sister group of the Lorisidae.

According to some accounts, the name "bush baby" comes from either the animal's cries or its appearance. The Ghanaian name aposor is given to them because of their firm grip on branches.

In both variety and abundance, the bush babies are the most successful strepsirrhine primates in Africa, according to the African Wildlife Foundation.
Bentley Continental GT
The Bentley Continental GT is a grand touring car manufactured and marketed by the British company Bentley Motors since 2003. The Continental GT is offered as a two-door coupé or convertible, with four seats. It was the first new Bentley released after the company's acquisition by Volkswagen AG in 1998, and the first Bentley to employ mass production manufacturing techniques. It was later joined by the Bentley Continental Flying Spur, a four-door saloon car variant.

International Motor Show Germany
The International Motor Show Germany or International Mobility Show Germany, in German known as the Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (IAA – International Automobile Exhibition), is one of the world's largest mobility trade fairs. It consists of two separate fairs, that subdivided in 1991. While the IAA Mobility displays passenger vehicles, motorcycles and bikes, the IAA Transportation specializes in commercial vehicles. Before the separation, the show was held solely at the Messe Frankfurt.

In 2021, the IAA adopted the New Mobility World concept, formats and business model, rebranded to IAA Mobility, and moved to Munich.

The IAA is organized by the Verband der Automobilindustrie (VDA – Association of the German Automotive Industry) and is scheduled by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), who recognize the IAA as one of the "big five" most prestigious auto shows worldwide.
Mahanayaka
Mahanayaka (also spelled as Maha Nayaka, Maha Nayake) Theras are high-ranking Buddhist monks who oversee and regulate the Buddhist clergy in Theravada Buddhist countries. The title Maha Nayaka translates to English as 'Great Leader' and it is considered to be a very important position held by a monk in a Theravada Buddhist country. It is usually bestowed upon the senior Buddhist monks who are appointed the Chief Prelates of monastic fraternities known as Nikayas.

Amarapura Nikāya
The Amarapura Nikāya (Sinhala: අමරපුර මහ නිකාය) was a Sri Lankan monastic fraternity (gaṇa or nikāya) founded in 1800. It is named after the city of Amarapura, Burma, the capital of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma at that time. Amarapura Nikaya monks are Theravada Buddhists. On 16 August 2019, the Amarapura and Rāmañña Nikāya were unified as the Amarapura–Rāmañña Nikāya, making it the largest Buddhist fraternity in Sri Lanka.
Abe-dera
Abe-dera (安倍寺) was a Buddhist temple established during the Asuka period in the city of Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The temple no longer exists, and its ruins have been protected as a designated a National Historic Site since1970

Sakurai, Nara
Sakurai (桜井市, Sakurai-shi, literally, Well of Cherry Blossom Flower) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 August 2024, the city had an estimated population of 54,384 in 25678 households, and a population density of 550 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 98.91 km2 (38.19 sq mi).
Bay Area News Group
Bay Area News Group (BANG) is the largest publisher of daily and weekly newspapers in the San Francisco Bay Area, including its flagship The Mercury News. A subsidiary of the Denver-based MediaNews Group, its corporate headquarters is in San Jose, California, and publication offices in San Jose. Since 2010, MediaNews Group has been controlled by Alden Global Capital.  Previously known as ANG (Alameda News Group), the name changed to Bay Area News Group in 2006 after the MediaNews Group bought The Mercury News and Contra Costa Times from McClatchy Co. Most production aspects have now moved to The Mercury News facilities in San Jose, California.

McClatchy
McClatchy Media Company, also known as McClatchy, is an American publishing company incorporated under Delaware's General Corporation Law. Originally based in Sacramento, California, United States, and known as The McClatchy Company, it became a subsidiary of Chatham Asset Management, headquartered in Chatham Borough, New Jersey, as a result of its 2020 bankruptcy.

The company operates 29 daily newspapers in 14 states and has an average weekday circulation of 1.6 million and Sunday circulation of 2.4 million. In 2006, it purchased Knight Ridder, which at the time was the second-largest newspaper company in the United States. In 2024, McClatchy merged with A360media.

McClatchy journalists have also won nine Pulitzer prizes in their 159-year history, most recently in 2017 for an article on the Panama Papers. They were also finalists in 2015 for articles on government efforts to hide Bush-era CIA Enhanced interrogation techniques.
Roihuvuori
Roihuvuori (Swedish: Kasberget, or Roihis and Roihikka, literal translation Blaze Mountain) is a quarter, part of Herttoniemi neighbourhood in Helsinki, Finland. The population of Roihuvuori is approximately 8,000 and its area is 1.47 km2. There is a church, two schools, shops and restaurants in Roihuvuori. There is also a water tower, Japanese style garden, playground Tuhkimo and Kirsikkapuisto where a Hanami festival is held.

Each street in Roihuvuori was named after fairy tales, with the exception being Roihuvuori's main street (Roihuvuorentie). For example, Lumikintie is "Snow White Street" and Tuhkimotie is "Cinderella Street". The name of the neighbourhood itself was originally planned to become Satumaa (lit. [fairy] tale land).

Japanese style garden

An alder forest at Strömsinlahti, Roihuvuori

The Roihuvuori water tower

Kirsikkapuisto
Kirsikkapuisto (Finnish: [ˈkirsikːɑˌpui̯sto]; English: Cherry Tree Park, Swedish: Körsbärsträdsparken) opened in 2007 in the Roihuvuori district of Helsinki, and is part of the Roihuvuori green area. The southern area has a fenced off dog park. In the dog park are wooden statues of dogs and a tree with a cat in it. The city department that maintains these statues has now closed and the statues are being removed as they deteriorate.
There are about 150 Cherry trees in the park that were planted following sponsorship from the Japanese community in Helsinki. In the Spring the Japanese festival of Hanami is celebrated when the trees blossom.
Anthony Cope (Dean of Armagh)
Anthony Cope (1713–1764) was Dean of Armagh from 1753 until his death.

Cope was born in Loughgall and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Rector of Tartaraghan from 1739 until his death in April 1764.

Dean of Armagh
The Dean of Armagh in the Church of Ireland is the dean of the Anglican St Patrick's Cathedral, the cathedral of the Diocese of Armagh and the metropolitan cathedral of the Province of Armagh, located in the town of Armagh.

Shane Forster has been the dean since 2020.
Berlstedt (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Berlstedt is a former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft in the district Weimarer Land in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Berlstedt. It was disbanded on 31 December 2013, when it was merged with the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Buttelstedt to form the new Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Nordkreis Weimar.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Berlstedt consisted of the following municipalities:

Ballstedt

Berlstedt

Ettersburg

Krautheim

Neumark

Ramsla

Schwerstedt

Vippachedelhausen

51°03′40″N 11°14′38″E﻿ / ﻿51.061°N 11.244°E﻿ / 51.061; 11.244

Buttelstedt (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Buttelstedt is a former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft in the district Weimarer Land in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Buttelstedt. It was disbanded on 31 December 2013, when it was merged with the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Berlstedt to form the new Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Nordkreis Weimar.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Buttelstedt consisted of the following municipalities:

Buttelstedt

Großobringen

Heichelheim

Kleinobringen

Leutenthal

Rohrbach

Sachsenhausen

Wohlsborn
Rochford District
Rochford is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after one of its main settlements, Rochford, where the council is based. The largest town in the district is Rayleigh. Other places in the district include Hockley, Ashingdon, Great Wakering, Canewdon and Hullbridge.

The district borders Maldon District to the north, the City of Chelmsford to the north-west, the Borough of Basildon to the west, the Borough of Castle Point to the south-west, and the City of Southend-on-Sea to the south. To the east, it has a stretch of coast at Foulness Island.

Most of the built-up areas are in the western part of the district, along the railway line from Shenfield to Southend Victoria. Southend Airport straddles the district's border with the City of Southend-on-Sea. The eastern part of the district is more sparsely populated.

Great Wakering
Great Wakering is a village and civil parish in the Rochford District of Essex, England. It is approximately 4 miles (6 km) east of Southend-on-Sea, its post town. Great Wakering consists mainly of two roads: the High Street, which runs from the junction of Star Lane, and New Road, which begins outside St Nicholas' Parish Church and runs down to the bridges for Foulness Island. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 6,037, and the Great Wakering built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which extends beyond the parish boundary to include Little Wakering and Barling) had a population of 6,775.
Eggenberg family
The House of Eggenberg was the name of an influential Austrian noble family from Styria, who achieved princely rank in the 17th century. The family's last male heir died in 1717, bringing an end to the House of Eggenberg.

Český Krumlov
Český Krumlov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskiː ˈkrumlof] ⓘ; German: Krumau, Böhmisch Krumau) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 13,000 inhabitants. It is known as a tourist centre, which is among the most visited places in the country. The historic centre with the Český Krumlov Castle complex is protected by law as an urban monument reservation, and since 1992, it has been a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its well-preserved Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture.
Hierarchy problem
In theoretical physics, the hierarchy problem is the problem concerning the large discrepancy between aspects of the weak force and gravity. There is no scientific consensus on why, for example, the weak force is 1024 times stronger than gravity.

Fine-tuning (physics)
In theoretical physics, fine-tuning is the process in which parameters of a model must be adjusted very precisely in order to fit with certain observations.

Theories requiring fine-tuning are regarded as problematic in the absence of a known mechanism to explain why the parameters happen to have precisely the observed values that they return. The heuristic rule that parameters in a fundamental physical theory should not be too fine-tuned is called naturalness.
Suffolk Regiment
The Suffolk Regiment was an infantry regiment of the line in the British Army with a history dating back to 1685. It saw service for three centuries, participating in many wars and conflicts, including the First and Second World Wars, before being amalgamated with the Royal Norfolk Regiment to form the 1st East Anglian Regiment (Royal Norfolk and Suffolk) in 1959 which, in 1964, was further amalgamated with the 2nd East Anglian Regiment (Duchess of Gloucester's Own Royal Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire), the 3rd East Anglian Regiment (16th/44th Foot) and the Royal Leicestershire Regiment to create the present Royal Anglian Regiment.

54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division
The 54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army.  The division was raised in 1908 following the creation of the Territorial Force (TF) as the East Anglian Division. During the First World War the division fought at Gallipoli and in the Middle East. The division was disbanded after the war but reformed in the Territorial Army in 1920. During the Second World War it was a home service division and did not see any combat service abroad and was disbanded in late 1943 but many of its component units went to see service in the Normandy Campaign and North-western Europe from June 1944 to May 1945.
William Cullen Bryant Homestead
The William Cullen Bryant Homestead is the boyhood home and later summer residence of William Cullen Bryant (1794–1878), one of America's foremost poets and newspaper editors. The 155-acre (63 ha) estate is located at 205 Bryant Road in Cummington, Massachusetts, overlooks the Westfield River Valley and is currently operated by the non-profit Trustees of Reservations. It is open to the public on weekends in summer and early fall for tours with an admission fee.

Cummington, Massachusetts
Cummington is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 829 at the 2020 census, a decline from 872, tabulated in 2010. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Little penguin
The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin in the world, and originates from New Zealand and Australia. It is commonly known as the fairy penguin, little blue penguin, or blue penguin, owing to its slate-blue plumage and is also known by its Māori name kororā. It is a marine neritic species that dives for food throughout the day and returns to burrows on the shore at dusk. Eudyptula minor feathers are dense in melanosomes, which increase water resistance and give them their unique blue colour.

The Australian little penguin (Eudyptula novaehollandiae), from Australia and the Otago region of New Zealand, was initially described as Spheniscus novaehollandiae in 1826 and was later classified as Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae, a subspecies of the little penguin.

Victor Harbor, South Australia
Victor Harbor is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located within the City of Victor Harbor on the south coast of the Fleurieu Peninsula, about 82 kilometres (51 mi) south of the state capital of Adelaide. The town is the largest population centre on the peninsula, with an economy based upon agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. It is a popular tourist destination, with the area's population greatly expanded during the summer holidays, usually by Adelaide locals looking to escape the summer heat.

The coast stretching for around 50 km (31 mi) from west of Victor Harbor along to Goolwa is often referred to as the South Coast, especially among surfers, as many of the beaches on this stretch are popular surfing spots.

It is a popular destination with South Australian high school graduates for their end of year celebrations, known colloquially as schoolies.
Red FM (India)
Red FM (Often stylized as Superhits 93.5 RED FM) is an Indian FM radio network headquartered in Chennai and owned by Chennai-based Sun Group. The network broadcasts content in various Indian languages including Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. On 14 August 2009, Suryan FM 93.5 was rebranded to RED FM in 64 cities across India. Thus, Sun Group's FM service came to be known with brand name RED FM across India except Tamil Nadu.

Sun Group
Sun Group is an Indian media conglomerate, based in Chennai. It was founded by Kalanithi Maran in 1992. The Sun Group, besides television media, operates 48 FM radio stations, two daily newspapers, five magazines, a DTH satellite service and T20 cricket franchises.
International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance
The International Center for Education in Islamic Finance (INCEIF) UNIVERSITY is a Malaysian Islamic university established in 2005 by Bank Negara Malaysia (Central Bank of Malaysia) in human capital for the Islamic finance industry. Commonly known as the Global University of Islamic Finance.

In August 2007, the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia granted INCEIF university status. In February 2009, Bank Negara Malaysia Governor Zeti Akhtar Aziz was officially proclaimed as the first Chancellor of INCEIF. The proclamations were made during the first convocation in 2009, marking the graduation of the first batch of graduates who completed the Chartered Islamic Finance Professional (CIFP) program.

Central Bank of Malaysia
The Central Bank of Malaysia (BNM; Malay: Bank Negara Malaysia; Jawi: بڠک نݢارا مليسيا‎) is the Malaysian central bank. Established on 26 January 1959 as the Central Bank of Malaya (Bank Negara Tanah Melayu), its main purpose is to issue currency, act as the banker and advisor to the government of Malaysia, and regulate the country's financial institutions, credit system, and monetary policy. Its headquarters is located in Kuala Lumpur. The central bank is the only institution permitted to issue the Malaysian ringgit into circulation.
Saadullah Jan Barq
Saadullah Jan Barq (born 11 May 1940) is a Pakistani poet, columnist, analyst and writer. Barq is fluent in Hindi, Persian, Arabic and Urdu. He began his writing career by writing for Bang-i-Haram, a local daily newspaper. He contributed editorials for Inqelab and Shahbaz. He wrote plays in both Urdu and Pashto for radio and PTV.

He authored books on Pashtun ethnography and historiography. One of these books, Yadon ke Janaze, is an autobiography. He writes daily columns for Urdu daily Express, Zair-i-lab, which are published by daily Shahbaz. He is known for his humor and satire. Barq has associated with writers such as Qalandar Momand, Dr Raj Wali Shah Khattak, Dr Yar Muhmmad Maghmum Khattak, and Abdur Rahim Majzoob.

Abdul Rahim Majzoob
Abdul Rahim Majzoob (Urdu: عبدالرحیم مجذوب; 14 January 1935 - 24 October 2021) was a Pakistani Pashto poet, writer, researcher and jurist from Lakki Marwat. He was alumnus of Islamia College Peshawar. His popular work included Zairr Guloona, Da Meenay Tanda, and his complete works titled Da Noor Mazharoona (2017).