hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portsmouth Block Mills
The Portsmouth Block Mills form part of the Portsmouth Dockyard at Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, and were built during the Napoleonic Wars to supply the British Royal Navy with pulley blocks. They started the age of mass-production using all-metal machine tools (designed chiefly by Marc Isambard Brunel), and are regarded as one of the seminal buildings  of the British Industrial Revolution. They are also the site of the first stationary steam engines used by the Admiralty.

Since 2003 English Heritage has been undertaking a detailed survey of the buildings and the records relating to the machines.

Henry Maudslay
Henry Maudslay (pronunciation and spelling) (22 August 1771 – 14 February 1831) was an English machine tool innovator, tool and die maker, and inventor. He is considered a founding father of machine tool technology. His inventions were an important foundation for the Industrial Revolution.

Maudslay's invention of a metal lathe to cut metal, circa 1800, enabled the manufacture of standard screw thread sizes. Standard screw thread sizes allowed interchangeable parts and the development of mass production.
Arlberg railway
The Arlberg Railway (German: Arlbergbahn), which connects the Austrian cities Innsbruck and Bludenz, is Austria's only east-west mountain railway. It is one of the highest standard gauge railways in Europe and the second highest in Austria, after the Brenner. The 136.7 km line is a highly problematic mountain railway, in part because it is threatened by avalanches, mudslides, rockfalls and floods. It is operated by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and frequented by international trains, including the Orient Express.

Klostertal
The Klostertal, lit. 'Cloister Valley', is an alpine valley in Vorarlberg, in Austria. It branches off at Bludenz and extends about 30 km (19 mi) to the east to the Arlberg and the border with Tyrol. It consists of the three communities of Klösterle am Arlberg, Dalaas and Innerbraz and the three Bludenz towns Bings, Radin and Außerbraz with an area of 193.6 km2 (74.7 sq mi) and about 4,700 inhabitants (as of 2017).

The valley opens to the east of the district capital Bludenz and is characterized by the south and north steeply towering mountain ranges of the Lechquellen Mountains and the Verwalls mountain range. The Alfenz flows through the Klostertal from Stuben am Arlberg (district of Klösterle/Arlberg) to the Ill at Bludenz. The bottom of the valley is rising steadily, which is reflected by the fact that the sea level of the settlement areas ranges between 600 m (2,000 ft) in the west and 1,400 m (4,600 ft) in the east.
2009–10 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2009–10 Serbian SuperLiga (known as the Jelen SuperLiga for sponsorship reasons) is the fourth season of the SuperLiga since its establishment in 2006. It began on 15 August 2009 and ended on 16 May 2010. A total of sixteen teams contested the league, with Partizan the defending champions.

FK Spartak Subotica
Fudbalski klub Spartak Ždrepčeva Krv (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Спартак Ждрепчева Крв) is a professional football club from Subotica, Serbia, that plays in the Serbian SuperLiga.

The club was founded in 1945 and was named after Jovan Mikić Spartak, the leader of the Partisans in Subotica, who was a national hero and was killed in 1944.

After the end of the 2007–08 Serbian League Vojvodina, the club merged with Zlatibor Voda which won promotion to the Serbian First League thus gaining the name Spartak Zlatibor Voda. In 2013, the board decided to return to the original name of the club.
Harry Bisel
Harry F. Bisel, M.D. (1918–1994) was an American oncologist. With Fred Ansfield, Herman Freckman, Arnoldus Goudsmit, Robert Talley, William Wilson, and Jane Wright, was one of the founding members of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). This group of pioneering doctors, through the formation of ASCO, is largely credited with the development of modern American clinical oncology. In 1964, Bisel was elected the first president of ASCO. He was active in the American Cancer Society and was a consultant to the National Cancer Institute. Bisel was a founding member of the American Society of Preventive Oncology as well as the American Association for Cancer Education.

Fred J. Ansfield
Fred Joseph Ansfield, M.D. (1910 - 1996) was an American pioneer of medical oncology. He was a leader in applying 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) to humans, demonstrating its effectiveness as a chemotherapy drug. Ansfield co-founded the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in 1964, along with Harry Bisel, Arnoldus Goudsmit, Herman H. Freckman, Robert W. Talley, William Wilson and Jane Cooke Wright.  He served as ASCO's third president (1966–1967).

"He shall be remembered by cancer treatment specialists everywhere as one of the founders of Medical Oncology."
2011 Danmark Rundt
The 2011 Danmark Rundt was a men's road bicycle race held from 3 to 7 August 2011. It was the 21st edition of the men's stage race to be held, which was established in 1985. Australian rider Simon Gerrans of Team Sky captured the overall title. This was the 2nd Australian Post Danmark Rundt victory.

Danmark Rundt
Danmark Rundt is a Danish multi-day professional road cycling race. It is currently sponsored by the Danish national postal agency, PostNord, and the race is therefore also known as PostNord Danmark Rundt. The race is sometimes called the Tour of Denmark in English language media. The race has been on the UCI ProSeries calendar since 2021, after being cancelled in 2020.
Civana Kuhlmann
Civana Grace Kuhlmann (born April 14, 1999) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a forward. She played college soccer for the Stanford Cardinal and the Colorado Buffaloes before being selected by the Washington Spirit in the fourth round of the 2023 NWSL Draft.

2016 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship
The 2016 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship was the 5th edition of the CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship, the biennial international youth football championship organised by CONCACAF for the women's under-17 national teams of the North, Central American and Caribbean region. The tournament was hosted by Grenada and take place between 3–13 March 2016, as announced by CONCACAF on 15 May 2015. A total of eight teams will play in the tournament.

Same as previous editions, the tournament acted as the CONCACAF qualifiers for the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. The top three teams of the tournament qualified for the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Jordan as the CONCACAF representatives.

The United States won their third title overall with a 2–1 final victory over Mexico. Both finalists and third-placed Canada qualified for the World Cup.
Gyeongnam FC
Gyeongnam FC (경남 FC) is a South Korean professional football club based in South Gyeongsang Province that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. Its home stadium is the Changwon Football Center, located in Changwon. Gyeongnam FC was founded in 2006 and joined the K League as its 14th club for the 2006 season.

2008 Korean FA Cup
The 2008 Korean FA Cup, known as the 2008 Hana Bank FA Cup, was the 13th edition of the Korean FA Cup. It began on 24 February 2008, and ended on 21 December 2008. Pohang Steelers claimed their second title after beating Gyeongnam FC 2–0 in the final.
Barack Obama's farewell address
Barack Obama's farewell address was the final public speech of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States, delivered on January 10, 2017 at 9:00 p.m. EST. The farewell address was broadcast on various television and radio stations and livestreamed online by the White House. An estimated 24 million people watched the address live on television.

Farewell speech
A farewell speech or farewell address is a speech given by an individual leaving a position or place. They are often used by public figures such as politicians as a capstone to the preceding career, or as statements delivered by persons relating to reasons for their leaving. The term is often used as a euphemism for "retirement speech," though it is broader in that it may include geographical or even biological conclusion.

In the Classics, a term for a dignified and poetic farewell speech is apobaterion (ἀποβατήριον), standing opposed to the epibaterion, the corresponding speech made upon arrival.
5th Minnesota Infantry Regiment
The 5th Minnesota Infantry Regiment was a Minnesota USV infantry regiment that served in the Union Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War and Dakota War of 1862. The regiment distinguished itself serving in its home state and the south, particularly at the Battles of Fort Ridgely, Corinth and Nashville.

Lucius Frederick Hubbard
Lucius Frederick Hubbard (January 26, 1836 – February 5, 1913) was an American politician. As a Republican Hubbard served as the ninth Governor of Minnesota from January 10, 1882, to January 5, 1887. He also served as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Surface 3
Surface 3 is a 2-in-1 detachable from the Microsoft Surface series, introduced by Microsoft in 2015. Unlike its predecessor, the Surface 2, Surface 3 utilizes an x86 Intel Atom system-on-chip architecture, or SoC, rather than a processor with ARM architecture such as the Nvidia Tegra that powered the Surface 2, and runs standard versions of Windows 8.1 or Windows 10.

Microsoft Surface
Microsoft Surface is a family of touchscreen-based personal computer, tablet, and interactive whiteboard hardware products designed and developed by Microsoft. The majority of them run the Windows operating system and use Intel processors; the earliest models (Surface RT and Surface 2) ran on ARM32, and a select handful of models starting with the Surface Pro X in 2019 run on ARM64.

The Surface line has served as Microsoft's umbrella brand for PCs since it was first introduced in 2012, marking the company's first entry in building its own branded computers. It has since expanded to comprise several generations of hybrid tablets, 2-in-1 detachable notebooks, a convertible desktop all-in-one, an interactive whiteboard, and various accessories, many with unique form factors. Microsoft is also consolidating all other Microsoft hardware products such as PC accessories under the Surface brand as of 2023.
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (W)
Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.

Compendium of postage stamp issuers (R)
Each "article" in this category is a collection of entries about several stamp issuers, presented in alphabetical order. The entries are formulated on the micro model and so provide summary information about all known issuers.

See the Category:Compendium of postage stamp issuers page for details of the project.
Henry L. Jackson
Henry L. Jackson (March 24, 1911 – June 17, 1948) was an American businessman, editor and journalist and a co-founder of Esquire magazine with David A. Smart and Arnold Gingrich. He was killed in the crash of United Airlines Flight 624 in 1948.

His grandson is American businessman Henry Jackson.

Henry Jackson (businessman)
Henry D. Jackson (born December 16, 1964) is an American investor and entrepreneur, who has been a UK citizen since 2005.  He is chief executive of OpCapita LLP, a London-based private equity firm. Jackson founded OpCapita in early 2006 alongside operating partners David Hamid and John von Spreckelsen.
Fourth Presbyterian Church (Chicago)
The Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago is one of the largest congregations of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), the largest in the Presbytery of Chicago, located in the Magnificent Mile neighborhood of Chicago, directly across Michigan Avenue from the John Hancock Center.

John Buchanan (pastor)
John M. Buchanan (January 30, 1938 – February 3, 2025) was the pastor of Fourth Presbyterian Church in Chicago, Illinois, United States, the second largest congregation in the Presbyterian Church (USA).

He was also the editor and publisher of The Christian Century. He was also a member of the General Assembly Council from 1996 to 1999, and served as the moderator of the 208th General Assembly (1996). He was one of the founding co-moderators of The Covenant Network of Presbyterians in 1997.

In a letter dated May 18, 2010, Buchanan announced that he would retire from his duties as pastor of Fourth Presbyterian effective January 31, 2012. Buchanan remained heavily involved with Presbyterian Church USA in retirement, serving as an interim preacher at churches in the Chicago area.

He died on February 3, 2025, at the age of 87.
Maria Est
Maria Atoll is an uninhabited small atoll of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. It is located in the far southeast of the archipelago, about 72 km (45 mi) southwest from Marutea Sud. Maria's closest neighbour is the small atoll of Matureivavao of the  Acteon Group, 56 km (35 mi) to the northwest.

Maria Atoll is oval in shape and bound by a continuous reef. It is 5.6 km long and 2.9 km wide. Its islands are low and flat and the lagoon is hypersaline.

This atoll is mostly called "Maria Est" in order to avoid confusion with another small atoll called Maria (Nororotu) in the Tubuai (Austral Islands) division of French Polynesia.

Marutea Sud
Marutea Atoll (Marutea Sud), also known as Lord Hood Island, Marutea-i-runga, and Nuku-nui,  is an atoll in the far southeast of the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia. It lies in the east-northeast part of the Gambier (commune), about 72 km northeast from Maria Atoll.

Marutea Atoll is irregular in shape and bound by a reef broken by passes into the 112 km2 (43 sq mi) lagoon. It is 20 km (12 mi) long with a maximum width of 8 km (5 mi) and a land area of approximately 12 km2 (5 sq mi). Its islands are low and flat and the main village, Auorotini, is located at the northern end of the atoll. It is populated by ex Gambier Islanders looking for pearls and maintaining the pearl farms on the atoll.

Marutea Sud should not be confused with Marutea Nord located in the western area of the Tuamotu Archipelago at 17˚ 07' S, 143˚ 11' W.
Laxmi Nagar, Great Nicobar
Laxmi Nagar is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Great Nicobar tehsil. It is the location of India's southernmost land tip, Indira Point.

Laxmi Nagar and Joginder Nagar were originally Shompen camping sites. The Shompens deserted the place when forests were cleared to make way for a village of ex-servicemen.

Indira Point
Indira Point, the southernmost point of India's territory, is a village in the Nicobar district at Great Nicobar Island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. It is located in the Great Nicobar tehsil.

Rondo Island, Indonesia's northernmost island in Sabang district of Aceh province of Sumatra,  lies 163 km south of Little Andaman Island, and 145 km or 80 nautical miles from Indira Point. India and Indonesia are upgrading the deep sea port Sabang under the strategic military and economic collaboration to protect the channel between Great Nicobar Island and Rondo Island (c. May 2019), which is 612 km or 330 nautical miles from Indira Point.
Côte Feuillée stadium
The Côte Feuillée stadium is a venue with ski jumping hills, located in Chaux-Neuve in the French department of Doubs, within the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

Built with the 1990 Junior Nordic Ski World Championships in mind, the site has hosted Nordic Combined World Cup events since 1996. Over time, the Chaux-Neuve stage has become a key stop in this competition. The stadium also hosts summer competitions and, in 2018, served as the finish line for the Transjurassienne race.

The Côte Feuillée stadium has five ski jumping hills constructed in 1989 and 1995. The largest hill has been progressively improved and was upgraded to HS 118 status in 2010. The hill record is held by Swiss jumper Sandro Hauswirth, with a distance of 121.5 meters.

Ski jumping hill
A ski jumping hill is a sports venue used for ski jumping. They vary in size from temporary handmade snow structures to permanent competition venues. At the top is an in-run where the jumper runs down to generate sufficient speed, before reaching the jump. The skier is then airborne until landing on the landing slope. The last part of the hill is the out-run, which may be either flat or even uphill, allowing the jumper to stop. The construction point (K point) is used to determine the distance points for a particular length. The size of a hill is measured in the hill size. Hills with a hill size exceeding HS185 are designated ski flying hills; there are five such hills in the world.
Shimshon Bnei Tayibe F.C.
Shimshon Bnei Tayibe (Hebrew: שמשון בני טייבה, Arabic: أبناء الطيبة) is an Israeli football club based in Tayibe. The club is currently in Liga Bet South A division.

Shimshon Bnei Tayibe holds the record for most consecutive wins in Israeli football by a team at any level, with 25, which was achieved during the 2012–13 season in Liga Gimel Sharon division.

1999–2000 Liga Gimel
The 1999–2000 Liga Bet season saw 153 clubs competing in 11 regional divisions for promotion to Liga Bet.

Beitar Safed, Hapoel Maghar, Hapoel Bnei Manda, Hapoel Yafa, Maccabi Tzur Shalom, Hapoel Baqa al-Gharbiyye, Shimshon Bnei Tayibe, Maccabi Yehud, Beitar Holon, Hapoel Sde Uzziah/Be'er Tuvia and Hapoel Rahat won their regional divisions and promoted to Liga Bet.

Second placed clubs, Hapoel Ramot Menashe Megiddo, Hapoel Aliyah Kfar Saba, Maccabi Holon, Beitar Kiryat Gat and Moadon Tzeirei Rahat were also promoted, after several vacancies were created in Liga Bet.
Shamokin Dam, Pennsylvania
Shamokin Dam is a borough in Snyder County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,647 at the 2020 census.

"Shamokin" /ʃəˈmoʊkɪn/, or "Shahëmokink" in the Delaware language, and Schahamokink in another Algonquian language, means "place of eels." The borough name is also derived from a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m) dam that was built across the Susquehanna River in the 19th century. The dam supported steamboat ferries run by Ira T. Clement, which transported goods and people between Shamokin Dam and the city of Sunbury on the Northumberland County side of the river. These ferries operated from 1772 until the Bainbridge Street Bridge was built in 1907. The dam also provided water to the Susquehanna Division of the Pennsylvania Canal System, which was constructed on the western bank of the river. The dam was destroyed by ice in March 1904. Shamokin Dam is distinct from the city of Shamokin, Pennsylvania, which is located about 14 miles to the east in Northumberland County.

Shamokin, Pennsylvania
Shamokin  (/ʃəˈmoʊkɪn/; Saponi Algonquian Schahamokink, meaning "place of eels") (Lenape Indian language: Shahëmokink) is a city in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Surrounded by Coal Township at the western edge of the Anthracite Coal Region in central Pennsylvania's Susquehanna River Valley, the city was named after a Saponi Indian village, Schahamokink. At the 2020 United States census, the population was 6,942.
Xylomannan
Xylomannan is an antifreeze molecule, found in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides.  Unlike antifreeze proteins, xylomannan is not a protein.  Instead, it is a combination of a sugar (saccharide) and a fatty acid that is found in cell membranes.  As such is expected to work in a different manner than AFPs.  It is believed to work by incorporating itself directly into the cell membrane and preventing the freezing of water molecules within the cell.

Xylomannan is also found in the red seaweed Nothogenia fastigiata (Scinaiaceae family). Fraction F6 of a sulphated xylomannan from Nothogenia fastigiata was found to inhibit replication of a variety of viruses, including Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV, HHV-5), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Junin and Tacaribe virus, Simian immunodeficiency virus, and (weakly) Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2.

Antifreeze protein
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. AFPs bind to small ice crystals to inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice that would otherwise be fatal. There is also increasing evidence that AFPs interact with mammalian cell membranes to protect them from cold damage. This work suggests the involvement of AFPs in cold acclimatization.
Ninja Tune
Ninja Tune is an independent record label based in London, with a satellite office in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1990 by musicians Matt Black and Jonathan More, known collectively as Coldcut. The label was established as an outlet for Coldcut to explore a style distinct from that of the mainstream music industry.

Kevin Martin (British musician)
Kevin Richard Martin, often known under his recording alias The Bug, is an English musician and music producer. Martin moved from Weymouth to London around 1990 and is now currently based in mainland Europe. He has been active for over three decades in the genres of dub, jazzcore, industrial hip hop, dancehall, and dubstep.

Martin's projects include GOD, Techno Animal, Ice, Curse of the Golden Vampire, Pressure and, most recently, King Midas Sound (with poet Roger Robinson and singer/visual artist Kiki Hitomi) and The Bug vs Earth.
Maxim Bakiyev
Maksim Kurmanbekovich Bakiyev (also referred to as Bakiev) (Russian: Максим Курманбекович Бакиев; born 27 October 1977), is a Kyrgyz politician, the youngest son of former president of Kyrgyzstan, Kurmanbek Bakiyev, from his marriage to Russian-born Tatyana Petrova. He is a resident of the UK having been granted political asylum.

Kurmanbek Bakiyev
Kurmanbek Sali uulu Bakiyev (born 1 August 1949) is a Kyrgyzstani politician who served as the second president of Kyrgyzstan from 2005 until his removal from office as a result of the Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010, forcing Bakiyev to flee the country.

Bakiyev was the leader of the People's Movement of Kyrgyzstan before his ascendance to the presidency. He received most of his popular support from the south of the country. The Legislative Assembly of Kyrgyzstan of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan appointed him acting president on 25 March 2005, following the ousting, during the Tulip Revolution, of President Askar Akayev. In October 2007, Bakiyev initiated the creation of Ak Jol party, but could not lead it due to his presidency.
Devgadh Baria
Devgadh Baria is a municipality in Dahod district  in the state of Gujarat, India. It is a small town nestled in the foothills on the eastern border of Gujarat State. It is 41 kilometers from Godhra in the west, 55 kilometers from Dahod in the east and 14 kilometers south of Ahmedabad-Indore highway (National Highway 59). Devgadh Baria is located on the bank of Panam River and is part of Dahod district (formerly Panchmahal) in the state of Gujarat. The name Devgadh Baria is derived from two words Devgadh and Baria. Devgadh is the name of the mountain that is surrounding the town and Baria is the name of local tribe.

Baria State
The Baria State, also known as Bariya State, was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. It was under the Rewa Kantha Agency of the Bombay Presidency and had its capital in Devgadh Baria town of present-day Dahod district in Gujarat state.