hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daegu subway fire
On February 18, 2003, an arsonist set fire to a Daegu Metro subway train as it arrived at Jungangno station in central Daegu, South Korea. The resulting blaze, which spread when a second train stopped at the same station, killed 192 people and injured another 151. It remains the deadliest loss of life in a single deliberate incident in South Korean peacetime history, surpassing the 1982 shooting rampage committed by Woo Bum-kon.

Daegu Metro
Daegu Metro (Korean: 대구 도시철도) is a metro system that serves primarily the South Korean city of Daegu.

It encompasses the three lines operated by Daegu Transportation Corporation (DTRO)—Line 1, Line 2, and Line 3—as well as the Daegu–Gyeongbuk Line (Daegyeong Line), a commuter rail operated by Korail. The system serves as the backbone of public transportation within the city and is gradually expanding into the surrounding Gyeongsangbuk-do region. As of 2015, the number of average daily passengers is 186,992 people for Line 1, 177,984 people for Line 2, and 69,127 people for Line 3.
Josip Stadler
Josip Stadler (24 January 1843 – 8 December 1918) was a Bosnian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the first archbishop of Vrhbosna, from 1881 to his death in 1918. He was the founder of the religious order of the Servants of the Infant Jesus (Croatian: Služavke Maloga Isusa).

Sacred Heart Cathedral, Sarajevo
The Sacred Heart Cathedral (Serbo-Croatian: Katedrala Srca Isusova/Катедрала Срца Исусова) is a Catholic church in Sarajevo; commonly referred as the Sarajevo Cathedral (Sarajevska katedrala/Сарајевска катедрала), it is the largest cathedral in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Vrhbosna, currently Tomo Vukšić, and center of Catholic worship in the city. The cathedral is located in the city's Old Town district.
TV3 (Latvian TV channel)
TV3 Latvia (Latvian: TV3 Latvija) is a Latvian commercial television channel targeted at a Latvian language audience owned by All Media Baltics, a company owned by investment firm Providence Equity Partners.

31. kanāls
31. kanāls (Channel 31) was a Latvian commercial television channel, which started broadcasting in the 1990s. The coverage area was limited to Riga and the larger Pierīga region. Several companies owned the channel throughout its history.
Thomas O. Staggs
Thomas Owen Staggs (born 1961) is an American businessman. He is  the co-founder and co-CEO of Candle Media as well as a Partner at Smash Capital.  He formerly worked at the Walt Disney Company for nearly 27 years, beginning in 1990, working in finance and later becoming the chief financial officer (CFO), then as chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide and finally as chief operating officer (COO). He also holds directorships on various company boards, including Spotify.

Kevin A. Mayer
Kevin A. Mayer (born 1962) is an American business executive. He is the co-founder and co-CEO of Candle Media as well as a Founding Partner of Smash Capital. He was briefly  CEO of TikTok, and COO of its parent company ByteDance. Prior to joining TikTok, he was a senior executive at Disney for more than 15 years, including as head of Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International.
Kopperå Station
Kopperå Station (Norwegian: Kopperå stasjon) is a railway station on the Meråker Line in the village of Kopperå in Meråker Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The station was opened on 1 April 1899 as Kopperaasen. It was renamed Kopperåen in April 1924. It received the current name on 1 September 1925.

The station is served twice a day in each direction by SJ Norge. The building is owned by Bane NOR. It is located 88 kilometres (55 mi) from Trondheim Central Station and sits at an elevation of 328.5 metres (1,078 ft) above sea level.

Meråker Municipality
Meråker is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Stjørdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Midtbygda which is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Storlien in Sweden and 46 kilometres (29 mi) east of the town of Stjørdalshalsen in neighboring Stjørdal Municipality. Other villages in the municipality include Gudåa, Kopperå, and Stordalsvollen.

The 1,274-square-kilometre (492 sq mi) municipality is the 80th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Meråker Municipality is the 259th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,454. The municipality's population density is 1.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.9/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.9% over the previous 10-year period.

The municipality markets itself as a recreational area. The main areas of employment are in industry and agriculture. The municipality is noted for its characteristic dialect.
Isonotholaenic acid
Isonotholaenic acid is a dihydrostilbenoid first isolated from the Andean fern Argyrochosma nivea (formerly Notholaena nivea), and is also found in other species of that genus. Before its discovery and structure determination, it had been misidentified as notholaenic acid. Its derivatives have been suggested as possible antiplasmodial compounds. This compound shows an anti-chagasic activity.

Notholaenic acid
Notholaenic acid is a dihydrostilbenoid found in the farina of some ferns of the genus Argyrochosma (formerly part of Notholaena).

The compound was originally purified from the waxy frond exudate of Notholaena limitanea and Notholaena dealbata. Subsequent analysis showed that only N. limitanea var. mexicana secretes notholaenic acid, while other taxa reported to produce it in fact secreted isonotholaenic acid.

Notholaenic acid has been shown to have anti-HSV-1 (Herpes simplex virus 1) activity at high concentrations in vitro. It was artificially synthesized, starting from 3-benzyloxy-5-methoxybenzyl alcohol, in 1985.
Utah State Route 224
State Route 224 (SR-224) is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. The route connects Interstate 80 and Kimball Junction in the north to Park City in the south. Ski resorts line the mostly four-lane highway, including Park City Resort and Deer Valley. The highway has changed paths many times since its formation in 1941, at one point connecting to Big Cottonwood Canyon and Salt Lake County. However, realignments brought the route to its present path by 1990.

Utah State Route 190
State Route 190  (SR-190) or the Big Cottonwood Canyon Scenic Byway is primarily an east and west state highway and scenic highway in eastern Salt Lake County, Utah, United States, that begins at Interstate 215 (I-215), runs through Big Cottonwood Canyon (including the Brighton Loop), and ends at the Salt Lake and Wasatch county line.
Univ Lavra
Univ Holy Dormition Lavra of the Studite Rite (Ukrainian: Свято-Успенська Унівська Лавра Студійського уставу) is the only lavra of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. It is situated in Univ, Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast. The monastery houses about 100 Studite Brethren.

Lavra
A lavra or laura (Greek: λαύρα; Cyrillic: ла́вра) is a type of monastery consisting of a cluster of cells or caves for hermits, with a church and sometimes a refectory at the center. Lavra monasteries operate within the Orthodox and other Eastern Christian traditions; the name is also used by some Catholic communities.
The term in Greek initially meant a narrow lane or an alley in a city. In a later Eastern Orthodox context, the term took on the new meaning of a large and important monastery.
Craighead County, Arkansas
Craighead County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 111,231. The county has two county seats — Jonesboro and Lake City. Craighead County is Arkansas's 58th county, formed on February 19, 1859, and named for state Senator Thomas Craighead. It is one of several dry counties within the state of Arkansas, in which the sale of alcoholic beverages is largely prohibited.

Craighead County is included in Jonesboro–Paragould Combined Statistical Area.

Mississippi County, Arkansas
Mississippi County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,685. There are two county seats, Blytheville and Osceola. The county is named for the Mississippi River which borders the county to the east. Mississippi County is part of the First Congressional District in Arkansas.

The Blytheville, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Mississippi County.
Billboard Latin Music Award for Producer of the Year
The Billboard Latin Music Award for Producer of the Year is an honor presented annually at the Billboard Latin Music Awards. A ceremony which honors "the most popular albums, songs, and performers in Latin music, as determined by the actual sales, radio airplay, streaming and social data that informs Billboard's weekly charts." The award is given to the best performing producers on Billboard's Latin charts.

Billboard Latin Music Awards
The Billboard Latin Music Awards (often known as Premios Billboard ) are annual honors presented by Billboard magazine to recognize outstanding achievements in Latin music record chart performance. Established as an extension of the Billboard Music Awards, they are among the longest-running award ceremonies in the Latin music industry. The event is typically held during the same week as Latinfest+ (formerly the Billboard Latin Music Conference).
KGMZ-FM
KGMZ-FM (95.7 MHz, "95.7 The Game") is a sports radio station licensed to San Francisco, California, and serving the San Francisco Bay Area. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc., and broadcasts from studios on Battery Street (shared with CBS owned-and-operated station KPIX-TV, with whom KGMZ-FM's sister stations were formerly co-owned and located) in the North Beach section of San Francisco. KGMZ-FM serves as the flagship station for the Golden State Warriors basketball team. The station also broadcasts games of the Bay Area Panthers indoor football team.

KGMZ-FM currently broadcasts in HD.

KTRB
KTRB (860 AM) is a commercial radio station in San Francisco, California. The station has a talk radio format, airing programming from the Salem Radio Network, using the slogan "860 AM The Answer." KTRB is owned by Salem Media Group, through licensee New Inspiration Broadcasting Company, Inc.; Salem uses "The Answer" as a brand for most of its talk stations.

The station features nationally syndicated programming, including Salem hosts Hugh Hewitt, Mike Gallagher, Dennis Prager, and Sebastain Gorka.
2012 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team
The 2012 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team represented Appalachian State University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by 24th-year head coach Jerry Moore and played their home games at Kidd Brewer Stadium. They were a member of the Southern Conference. They finished the season 8–4, 6–2 in SoCon play to share the conference championship with Georgia Southern and Wofford. They received an at–large bid to the FCS playoffs where they lost in the second round to Illinois State in what would turn out to be the school's last postseason game as an FCS program, as the Mountaineers will move to FBS and the Sun Belt Conference in 2014.

2012 Wofford Terriers football team
The 2012 Wofford Terriers football team represented Wofford College in the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by a 25th year head coach Mike Ayers and played their home games at Gibbs Stadium. They were a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). They finished the season 9–4, 6–2 in SoCon play to claim a share of the conference championship with Appalachian State and Georgia Southern. They received an at-large bid into the FCS Playoffs where they defeated New Hampshire in the second round before falling in the quarterfinals to North Dakota State.
Ca Rater Mallorquí
The Ca Rater Mallorquí or Spanish: Ratonero mallorquín is a Spanish breed of dog of ratter or warren hound type, found on the island of Mallorca in the Balearic Islands. It is recognised by the Govern Illes Balears: 23307  and by the Spanish national government,: 13433  but not by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.

Ratter (dog)
A  ratter is any dog used for catching and killing rats and similar vermin. Specialized rat-catching breeds are found in many countries. A typical ratter is small to medium-sized and has a short and smooth coat; however, a wide range of dog breeds and landraces may be used. The use of ratting dogs is widely considered to be the most environmentally friendly, humane and efficient methods of exterminating rodents. Ratting dogs are considered more efficient than domestic cats.
Booksellers' Bill
The Booksellers's Bill was a 1774 bill introduced into the Parliament of Great Britain in the wake of the important copyright case of Donaldson v. Beckett.

In Donaldson a perpetual common law copyright was denied to booksellers and it was held that copyright was a creation of statute and could be limited in its duration. As a result, booksellers sought to have the duration of their copyright extended to 14 years. Under UK parliamentary procedure, the bill passed the House of Commons but was defeated in the House of Lords and never became an act of parliament.

Donaldson v Becket
Donaldson v Becket (1774) 2 Brown's Parl. Cases (2d ed.) 129, 1 Eng. Rep. 837; 4 Burr. 2408, 98 Eng. Rep. 257; 17 Cobbett's Parl. Hist. 953 is the ruling by the British House of Lords that held that copyright in published works was not perpetual but was subject to statutory limits. Some scholars disagree on the reasoning behind the decision.
Photoinhibition
Photoinhibition is light-induced reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of a plant, alga, or cyanobacterium. Photosystem II (PSII) is more sensitive to light than the rest of the photosynthetic machinery, and most researchers define the term as light-induced damage to PSII. In living organisms, photoinhibited PSII centres are continuously repaired via degradation and synthesis of the D1 protein of the photosynthetic reaction center of PSII. Photoinhibition is also used in a wider sense, as dynamic photoinhibition, to describe all reactions that decrease the efficiency of photosynthesis when plants are exposed to light.

Non-photochemical quenching
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a mechanism employed by plants and algae to protect themselves from the adverse effects of high light intensity.  It involves the quenching of singlet excited state chlorophylls (Chl) via enhanced internal conversion to the ground state (non-radiative decay), thus harmlessly dissipating excess excitation energy as heat through molecular vibrations. NPQ occurs in almost all photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae and plants), and helps to regulate and protect photosynthesis in environments where light energy absorption exceeds the capacity for light utilization in photosynthesis.
VK Partizan
Vaterpolo klub Partizan (Serbian Cyrillic: Ватерполо клуб Партизан) is a professional water polo club based in Belgrade, Serbia. VK Partizan is one of the sports clubs in Serbia that is part of sport society Partizan. As of 2025–26 season, the club competes in the Serbian Water Polo Super League and VRL Premier League.

Partizan's home terrain is the pool which is part of the Sportski centar Voždovac on Banjica complex. The club is supported by Grobari, fans of all sport clubs competing under the name of Partizan Belgrade.

With seven European champion titles (the last in 2011 against Pro Recco), VK Partizan is the second most successful European team in water polo history along with Mladost, and behind Pro Recco with ten titles. The club is currently sponsored by Meridianbet.

1965 European Cup (water polo)
The 1965 Water Polo European Cup was the second edition of LEN's premier competition for male water polo clubs, running from February to April 1965. Pro Recco, which hosted the final stage, won all three games to win its first title, while defending champions Partizan Belgrade was the runner-up.
Niki (airline)
Niki (also styled as NIKI or flyNiki, legally NIKI Luftfahrt GmbH) was an Austrian low-cost airline headquartered in Office Park I at Vienna Airport in Schwechat. It operated scheduled and charter services to European and North African leisure destinations from Vienna, Salzburg, Graz and Innsbruck and also started services from several German airports in March 2017. Niki had a variety of owners, including two stints of ownership under former car racer Niki Lauda. In January 2018, the airline was acquired by Lauda, an airline that also had ties to Niki Lauda.

TUI fly Deutschland
TUI fly Deutschland (legally TUIfly GmbH), formerly TUIfly, is a German leisure airline owned by the travel and tourism company TUI Group. It is headquartered at Hannover Airport with bases at several other German airports. TUI fly Deutschland is part of TUI Group's airline unit.
Sandsvatn
The Sandsvatn is the largest lake on the island of Sandoy and the third largest in the Faroe Islands, measuring 0.8 km2 with a depth of 5 metres. It is situated in a valley between Skopun and Sandur, just north of the latter on Road 30. At the northern end of the lake are the island's school centre and a copse (plantation) which was badly damaged by a 1988 hurricane.

The lake used to be rich in trout, lake trout and salmon. It has been called an "interesting" lake for birdwatching.

Sandoy
Sandoy ("Sand Island") is the first of the five southern islands that make up the Faroe chain, the fifth biggest of all the Faroe Islands, an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark. It also refers to the region that includes this island along with Skúvoy and Stóra Dímun. As of January 2020, the largest population centre on the island is the village of Sandur with a population of 532. Other settlements include Skarvanes, Skopun, Skálavík, Húsavík and Dalur.

Sandoy gets its name from the large beach at Sandur, and the general sandy soil of the island. It is the only island with dunes.

There are similarly named islands, Sanday in the Orkney Islands, Sanday in the Inner Hebrides and Sandøy in Norway.

The Sandoyartunnilin connects between the centre of the island and Gamlarætt on Streymoy. Construction started in 2019 and the tunnel opened for traffic on 21 December 2023.
HP-GL
HP-GL, short for Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language and often written as HPGL, is a printer control language created by Hewlett-Packard (HP). HP-GL was the primary printer control language used by HP plotters. It was introduced with the plotter HP-9872 in 1977 and became a standard for almost all plotters. Hewlett-Packard's printers also usually support HP-GL/2 in addition to PCL.

Page description language
In digital printing, a page description language (PDL) is a computer language that describes the appearance of a printed page in a higher level than an actual output bitmap (or generally raster graphics). An overlapping term is printer control language, which includes Hewlett-Packard's Printer Command Language (PCL). PostScript is one of the most noted page description languages. The markup language adaptation of the PDL is the page description markup language.

Page description languages are text (human-readable) or binary data streams, usually intermixed with text or graphics to be printed. They are distinct from graphics application programming interfaces (APIs) such as GDI and OpenGL that can be called by software to generate graphical output.
2020 Centennial Cup
The 2020 Centennial Cup was to be the 50th Canadian junior A ice hockey national championship for the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL) and the 50th consecutive year the national championship was awarded to this skill level since the breakaway of Major Junior hockey in 1970.  The tournament was scheduled to be played at Stride Place in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba from May 9 to 17, 2020.

Hockey Canada and the CJHL elected to hold the tournament in Manitoba in honour of the 50th season of the Junior A championship, originally called the Manitoba Centennial Cup.  The city of Portage la Prairie and Portage Terriers previously hosted the 2015 national championship, then known as the RBC Cup.

The 2020 Centennial Cup, regional championships, and member league playoffs were cancelled on March 12, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Portage Terriers
The Portage Terriers are a Canadian junior "A" ice hockey team from Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada.  They are members of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League, a part of the Canadian Junior Hockey League.
Einin
Einin (永仁) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name") after Shōō and before Shōan.  This period spanned the years from August 1293 through April 1299. The reigning emperors were Fushimi-tennō (伏見天皇) and Go-Fushimi-tennō (後伏見天皇).

Emperor Go-Fushimi
Emperor Go-Fushimi (後伏見天皇, Go-Fushimi-tennō; 5 April 1288 – 17 May 1336) was the 93rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign spanned the years from 1298 to 1301.

This 13th-century sovereign was named after his father, Emperor Fushimi and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Fushimi". The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Fushimi, the second", or as "Fushimi II".
Pindar River
The Pindar River is a river located in Uttarakhand, India. The Pindar originates from Pindari Glacier which is located in Bageshwar district of Kumaon region in Uttarakhand. The source of this river, the Pindar glacier is located at an altitude of 3,820 m (12,530 ft). Pindar glacier has relatively easier access and has been documented well for its retreat over 100 years. Pindar river mouth is located at Karnaprayag where it flows into Alaknanda River.

Alaknanda River
The Alaknanda is a Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and a river considered holy in Hinduism. In hydrology, the Alaknanda is considered the source stream of the Ganges on account of its greater length and discharge; while, in Hindu tradition and culture, the other headstream, the Bhagirathi, is considered the source stream.
Empaong
Empaong is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 134.8 kilometres (83.8 mi) east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Semumoh 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) west

Tusor 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) east

Salulap 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest

Tanu 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Jangkar 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Betong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest

Penurin 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast

Salulap
Salulap is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 132.7 kilometres (82.5 mi) east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Semumoh 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) south

Serian 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) west

Empaong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast

Pok 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest

Tanu 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) east

Jangkar 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) east
Isobar (nuclide)
Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number. An example of a series of isobars is 40S, 40Cl, 40Ar, 40K, and 40Ca. While the nuclei of these nuclides all contain 40 nucleons, they contain varying numbers of protons and neutrons.

The term "isobars" (originally "isobares") for nuclides was suggested by British chemist Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918. It is derived from Greek  ἴσος (isos) 'equal' and  βάρος (baros) 'weight'.

Nuclide
Nuclides (or nucleides, from nucleus; also known as nuclear species) are a class of atoms characterized by their number of protons, Z, their number of neutrons, N, and their nuclear energy state.

The word nuclide was coined by the American nuclear physicist Truman P. Kohman in 1947. Kohman defined nuclide as a "species of atom characterized by the constitution of its nucleus" containing a certain number of neutrons and protons. The term thus originally focused on the nucleus.