hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lyman Wight
Lyman Wight (May 9, 1796 – March 31, 1858) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. He was the leader of the Latter Day Saints in Daviess County, Missouri, in 1838. In 1841, he was ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. After the death of Joseph Smith resulted in a succession crisis, Wight led his own break-off group of Latter Day Saints to Texas, where they created a settlement. While in Texas, Wight broke with the main body of the group led by Brigham Young. Wight was ordained president of his own church, but he later sided with the claims of William Smith, and eventually of Joseph Smith III. After his death, most of the "Wightites" (as members of this church were called) joined with the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church).

Joseph Smith III
Joseph Smith III (November 6, 1832 – December 10, 1914) was the eldest surviving son of Joseph Smith (founder of the Latter Day Saint movement) and Emma Hale Smith. Joseph Smith III was the Prophet-President of what became the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church), renamed Community of Christ in 2001, which considers itself a continuation of the church established by Smith's father in 1830. Smith presided over the church for 54 years from 1860 until his death in 1914. Smith's moderate ideas and nature set much of the tone for the church's development, earning him the sobriquet of "the pragmatic prophet".
Walter T. Bailey
Walter Thomas Bailey (January 11, 1882 – February 21, 1941) was an American architect from Kewanee, Illinois. He was the first African American graduate with a bachelor of science degree in architectural engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the first licensed African-American architect in the state of Illinois. He worked at the Tuskegee Institute, and practiced in both Memphis and Chicago. Walter T. Bailey became the second African American that graduated from the University of Illinois.

Knights of Pythias of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia
The Knights of Pythias of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, also known as the Colored Knights of Pythias or the Knights of Pythias, is a fraternal organization in the United States. The Knights of Pythias, founded in 1864, did not allow African Americans so this group formed on its own. The organization was established in Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1880 by Thomas W. Stringer and others.

The organization followed the organizational structure of many other fraternal organizations with a national Supreme Lodge, Grand Lodges at the state level, and local lodges regionally. Historically, the organization provided its members with death and sick benefits.
Ben Aaronovitch
Ben Dylan Aaronovitch (born 22 February 1964) is an English author and screenwriter. He is the author of the series of novels Rivers of London. He also wrote two Doctor Who serials in the late 1980s and spin-off novels from Doctor Who and Blake's 7.

Bernice Summerfield
Professor Bernice Surprise Summerfield, or simply Benny, is a fictional character created by author Paul Cornell as a new companion of the Seventh Doctor in Virgin Publishing's range of original full-length Doctor Who novels, the New Adventures. The New Adventures were authorised novels carrying on from where the Doctor Who television series had left off, and Summerfield was introduced in Cornell's novel Love and War in 1992.
Charles Webb (English cricketer)
The Rev. Charles Johnston Bourne Webb (24 November 1874 – 18 November 1963) was an English cricketer and Anglican clergyman.

Webb was born in Bloemfontein, Orange Free State where his father Allan Webb, was the bishop. Charles attended Radley, where he played in the First XI from 1891 to 1893 and captained the team in 1893. After Radley he went up to Keble College, Oxford. He represented Middlesex as a right-handed batsman and a right-arm slow bowler in two matches in 1902. Later he played for Dorset.

His brother-in-law Richard Bennett played cricket for Hampshire and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Charles's son Allan married the novelist Stella Gibbons. Charles died in St John's Wood, London, aged 88.

Richard Bennett (English cricketer)
Richard Alexander Bennett (12 December 1872 — 16 July 1953) was an English first-class cricketer, who made 37 appearances in first-class cricket from 1896 to 1903. He led his own personal cricket team on a tour of the West Indies in early 1902, as well as playing county cricket for Hampshire. Militarily active, he served in the First World War with the Royal Gloucestershire Hussars.
Women's Nations Cup (rugby union)
The Women's Nations Cup was an international women's rugby union series organised jointly by the RFUW (England), USA Rugby and Rugby Canada. It was played from 2008 to 2013, during the summers, with rotating host locations. Guest teams from France, Wales and South Africa occasionally took part. There were separate tournaments for U20 and senior sides.

The first tournaments took place in July 2008, with the U20 competition at Appleby College, Oakville, Ontario, Canada, followed in August by the senior tournament at Esher, London, England.

It was succeeded in 2015 by the Super Series.

Women's Rugby Super Series
The Women's Rugby Super Series is an international rugby union tournament that features the top-ranked women's teams in the world. The Super Series succeeded the Women's Nations Cup in 2015. The tournament began with four teams in 2015 and was played as a round-robin. The number of teams increased to five in 2019. New Zealand won the inaugural tournament.
West Fertilizer Company explosion
On April 17, 2013, an ammonium nitrate explosion occurred at the West Fertilizer Company storage and distribution facility in West, Texas, United States (18 miles (29 km) north of Waco), while emergency services personnel were responding to a fire there. Fifteen people were killed, over 160 injured, and more than 150 buildings damaged or destroyed. Investigators confirmed that ammonium nitrate was the material that exploded. On May 11, 2016, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives stated that the fire was deliberately set. That finding has been disputed.

U.S. Chemical Safety Board
The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (USCSB), generally referred to as the Chemical Safety Board (CSB), is an independent U.S. federal agency charged with investigating industrial chemical accidents. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the agency's board members are appointed by the president and confirmed by the United States Senate.  The CSB conducts root cause investigations of chemical accidents at fixed industrial facilities.
Alexandre Menut
Alexandre Menut (died after March 1804) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born in France and came to Quebec as a cook for Governor James Murray, later performing the same job for Governor Guy Carleton. In 1768, he opened an inn at Quebec City; he opened a tavern the following year. He was a member of the militia but did not participate in the defence of the town during the American invasion of 1775–6; Benedict Arnold set up headquarters there. His inn suffered damages during the invasion and he opened a new establishment in 1782. He was a member of the Quebec Fire Society. In 1796, Menut was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Cornwallis, supporting the parti canadien. He was reelected in 1800 and generally supported the English party.

He died between March 1804 and March 1806.

His son Henry also later served in the legislative assembly.

Henry Menut
Henry Menut (August 15, 1784 – 1838 or later) was a political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Drummond in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1836 until the suspension of the constitution in 1838.

He was born in Quebec City, the son of Alexandre Menut, a native of France, and Marie de Land. In 1818, he married Mabel Root. Menut was elected to the assembly in an 1836 by-election held after a second seat was added to Drummond.
Villa Bella Vista
Villa Bella Vista, also known as the Eila Pierre House and The Ledges, is a historic house at 7 Old Depot Road in Chester, Connecticut.  Built in 1908 by Italian masons, it is an architecturally distinctive structure, designed to resemble farmhouses of northern Italy.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Chester, Connecticut
Chester is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 3,749 at the 2020 census. The town center is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP). The name is a transfer from Chester, in England.
Penzing
Penzing (German pronunciation: [ˈpɛntsɪŋ] ⓘ) is the 14th district of Vienna in Austria. It consists of the localities of Penzing, Breitensee, Baumgarten, Hütteldorf and Hadersdorf-Weidlingau. In the west, it shares a border with Purkersdorf and Mauerbach. A large portion of the district is made up of greenery, including the Steinhof park, the Dehnepark and a portion of the Wienerwald. It is served by the eponymous Wien Penzing railway station, as well as Breitensee, Hütteldorf, Wolf in der Au, Hadersdorf, and Weidlingau stations.

Steinhof (Vienna)
48°12′31″N 16°16′47″E﻿ / ﻿48.20861°N 16.27972°E﻿ / 48.20861; 16.27972

Steinhof in Vienna, Austria, is an old name for an area of Vienna that today contains the Otto-Wagner-Spital as well as its church Kirche am Steinhof and the surrounding parks of the Steinhofgründe, which were opened in 1907. Historically the area is also linked to the Am Spiegelgrund clinic, where 789 patients, mostly children, were murdered during World War II under the child euthanasia in Nazi Germany from 1940 to 1945.

The name derives from the quarries of nearby Ottakring, which were called Steinhöfe (English: stone yards). The area used to belong to Lower Austria, but was assigned to the 14th district of Vienna, Penzing, after the Anschluss of Austria to Nazi Germany in 1938.
Gimnasia y Esgrima de Jujuy
Club Atlético Gimnasia y Esgrima de Jujuy Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkluβ aˈtletiko ximˈnasjaj esˈɣɾima], (usually known as Gimnasia de Jujuy or just GEJ) is an Argentine sports club based in San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Province. The club was founded in 1931 and is best known for its football team, which currently plays in the Primera B Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

The team is one of the most important football clubs in the North-West region of Argentina. It has spent most of its history in the second division, although it has also played in the Primera Division on many occasions. In terms of titles, it is the biggest club in the Jujuy province, with 38 in total.

1993–94 Primera B Nacional
The 1993–94 Argentine Primera B Nacional was the eight season of second division professional of football in Argentina. A total of 22 teams competed; the champion and runner-up were promoted to Argentine Primera División.
War children
War children are those born to a local parent and a parent belonging to a foreign military force (usually an occupying force, but also personnel stationed at bases on foreign soil). Having a child by a member of a belligerent force, throughout history and across cultures, is often considered a grave betrayal of social values. Commonly, the native parent (usually a woman) is disowned by her family, friends, and society at large. The term "war child" is most commonly used for children born during World War II and its aftermath, particularly in relation to children born to fathers by German occupying forces in northern Europe. In Norway, there were also Lebensborn children. The discrimination suffered by the local parent and child in the postwar period did not take into account widespread rapes by occupying forces, or the relationships women had to form in order to survive the war years.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Sattar Alvi
Abdus Sattar Alvi (Punjabi, Urdu:   عبد الستار علوی),  SJ, SI(M), is a retired one-star rank air officer and a fighter pilot in the Pakistan Air Force, who is renowned for his gallant actions during the third Indo-Pakistani in 1971, and served as a military advisor in the Syrian Air Force during the Yom Kippur War of 1973.

According to modern Pakistani sources, in 1974, Alvi shot down the Israeli Air Force's Mirage III over the dogfight took place in Golan Heights in Syria, and was honored for his bravery with gallantry war-time medals by Syrian and Pakistan government. However, no major sources from the time reported on such an incident.

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21; NATO reporting name: Fishbed) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Its nicknames include: "Balalaika", because its planform resembles the stringed musical instrument of the same name; "Ołówek", Polish for "pencil", due to the shape of its fuselage, and "Én Bạc", meaning "silver swallow", in Vietnamese.

Approximately 60 countries across four continents have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations seven decades after its maiden flight. It set aviation records, becoming the most-produced supersonic jet aircraft in aviation history, the most-produced combat aircraft since the Korean War and, previously, the longest production run of any combat aircraft.
0-2-2
An 0-2-2, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is one that has no leading wheels, followed by two coupled driving wheels, with two trailing wheels. The configuration was briefly built by Robert Stephenson and Company for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.

2-2-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-2-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, two powered driving wheels on one axle, and no trailing wheels. This configuration, which became very popular during the 1830s, was commonly called the Planet type after the first locomotive, Robert Stephenson's Planet of 1830.
Yangling Mausoleum of Han
34°26′37.67″N 108°56′26.56″E﻿ / ﻿34.4437972°N 108.9407111°E﻿ / 34.4437972; 108.9407111

The Yangling Mausoleum of Han (simplified Chinese: 汉阳陵; traditional Chinese: 漢陽陵; pinyin: Hàn Yáng líng) is the mausoleum of Emperor Jing (ruled 157–141 BCE), the sixth emperor of the Western Han dynasty and his Empress Wang. The mausoleum complex is a part of the Western Han dynasty imperial tombs located in the Weicheng district of the City of Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, on the northern bank of the Wei River and about 20 km to the north of the city center of the provincial capital of Xi'an.

Terracotta Army
The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. It is a form of funerary art buried with the emperor in 210–209 BCE with the purpose of protecting him in his afterlife.

The figures, dating from approximately the late 200s BCE, were discovered in 1974 by local farmers in Lintong County, outside Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. The figures vary in height according to their rank, the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots and horses. Estimates from 2007 were that the three pits containing the Terracotta Army hold more than 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which remain in situ in the pits near Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. Other, non-military terracotta figures have since been found in other pits, including those of officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians.
Newcastle West Town F.C.
Newcastle West Town F.C. is a youth association football club based in Newcastle West in the Republic of Ireland. It was formed in 2017 by the merger of Newcastle West A.F.C. (founded 1948 as a senior men's club) and Newcastle West Rovers F.C. (founded 1987). As of 2024, the club fields a team in the Premier Division of the Limerick Desmond League. The club plays its home games at Ballygowan Park.

Newcastle West
Newcastle West (Irish: An Caisleán Nua Thiar) or simply Newcastle (An Caisleán Nua, formerly anglicised Castlenoe) is a town in west County Limerick, Ireland. It is the largest town in the county, excluding Limerick city. It is also the county town and sits on the River Arra, which flows into the River Deel. Newcastle West is in the middle of a great bowl-shaped valley in West Limerick, known one time as the valley of the Wild Boar, apparently due to the abundance of this animal here when the area was thickly wooded. The crest of the town carries the image of a wild boar. The town is partly in  the civil parish of Newcastle.

Newcastle West is on the N21 road from Limerick to Tralee, between Rathkeale and Abbeyfeale. It is the second-largest urban center in the county, with a population of 7,209 in 2022.
AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actor
The AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actor is one of the AARP Movies for Grownups Awards presented annually by the AARP since the awards' inception in 2002. The award honors the best actor over the age of fifty. The Best Actor Award is one of the seven original trophies issued by AARP the Magazine, along with awards for Best Movie for Grownups, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Foreign Film, Best Documentary, and Best Movie for Grownups Who Refuse to Grow Up.

AARP Movies for Grownups Awards
The AARP Movies for Grownups Awards are awards given out to "champion films made by and for grownups." Given annually by the AARP, they began in 2002 with the goal of encouraging Hollywood to make more movies by and about people over the age of 50. The first awards were announced in an issue of AARP the Magazine, before transitioning to an annual ceremony in 2006. Since 2018, the awards have been telecast throughout the United States on PBS.
Henwood Down
Henwood Down is one of the highest points in the county of Hampshire, England, and in the South Downs, reaching a height of 201 metres (659 ft) above sea level. Its prominence of 64 metres qualifies it as a Tump.

Henwood Down rises about 1 mile west of the village of East Meon in Hampshire and around 2 kilometres northeast of Old Winchester Hill. The northern slopes are covered by mixed forest (Hen Wood), whilst the southern flanks are open. The South Downs Way runs over the southern spur of the hill. The hill is part of the Winchester-East Meon Anticline.

Old Winchester Hill
Old Winchester Hill is a 66.2-hectare (164-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest  in Hampshire. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and a national nature reserve. Part of it is a scheduled monument.
Bernstein's problem
In differential geometry, Bernstein's problem is as follows: if the graph of a function on Rn−1 is a minimal surface in Rn, does this imply that the function is linear? 
This is true for n at most 8, but false for n at least 9.  The problem is named for Sergei Natanovich Bernstein who solved the case n = 3 in 1914.

Minimal surface
In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having zero mean curvature (see definitions below).

The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a minimal surface whose boundary is the wire frame. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may self-intersect or do not have constraints. For a given constraint there may also exist several minimal surfaces with different areas (for example, see minimal surface of revolution): the standard definitions only relate to a local optimum, not a global optimum.
William Harvey (1714–1763)
William Harvey (9 June 1714 – 11 June 1763) was a British Tory politician who sat as MP for Essex from 1747 until his death.

He was the firstborn son of William Harvey and the brother of Edward Harvey and Eliab Harvey. He married Emma, the daughter of Stephen Skynner on 13 August 1750. His sons, also William Harvey and Eliab Harvey, similarly became an MP for Essex.

Eliab Harvey (1716–1769)
Eliab Harvey (23 May 1716 – 23 October 1769) was an English politician who sat as MP for Dunwich from 1761 till 1768.

He was the second son of William Harvey, who also served as MP and the brother of William Harvey and Edward Harvey.

He was educated at Westminster School in 1724 and Trinity College, Cambridge in 1734. He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1733 and called to the bar in 1741. He married Mary (née Benyon) on 20 November 1756.
2003 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The FIVB World Grand Prix 2003 was the eleventh edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, which is the female equivalent of the Men's Volleyball World League. The 2003 edition was played by twelve countries from July 21 to August 3, 2003 with the final round held in Andria, Italy. Hosts Italy and the top five ranked teams after the preliminary rounds qualified for the last round.

Yevgeniya Estes
Yevgeniya Viktorovna Estes (Russian: Евге́ния Ви́кторовна Э́стес, born 17 July 1975), née Artamonova (Артамонова), is a Russian former volleyball player who was a member of the national team and one of only two volleyball players (along with Sergey Tetyukhin) that competed consecutively in six Olympic Games. She won silver medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

Estes was briefly unable to play in 1994 due to an injury requiring knee surgery. She quickly recovered and became a dominant force on the Russian national team, leading Russia to the gold medal at the Goodwill Games in Saint Petersburg.

In 2018, Estes was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.
Sankt Julian
Sankt Julian (often rendered St. Julian) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

Glan Valley Railway
The Glan Valley Railway (German: Glantalbahn) is a non-electrified line along the Glan river, in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It consists of the Glan-Münchweiler–Altenglan section, which was built as part of the Landstuhl–Kusel railway and sections that were built later for military reasons: Homburg–Glan-Münchweiler, Altenglan–Staudernheim and Odernheim–Bad Münster am Stein. The line had strategic importance, otherwise traffic was rather low, except on the Glan Munchweiler–Altenglan section.

The line runs right next to the river for 60 km of its 85 km length from Homburg to Bad Münster. The line is closed, except for the ten km section from Glan-Münchweiler to Altenglan that forms part of the Landstuhl–Kusel line. It is used for tourism and draisine rides have been offered on the section between Altenglan and Staudernheim since 2000. In contrast, the Waldmohr–Glan-Münchweiler section has been dismantled.