hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buchanan Bay
Buchanan Bay is an Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Nares Strait by eastern Ellesmere Island. The bay is bordered by Cape Camperdown on Bache Peninsula to the north, Cape Rutherford on Johan Peninsula to the south, and the Alexandra Fiord at its head.

It is 64 km (40 mi) long, and up to 32 km (20 mi) wide.

Bache Peninsula
Bache Peninsula is a geological formation in Canada, on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut. The peninsula is considered a cape', meaning that it is a headland that dramatically affects the ocean currents. It is primarily known for being the site of the world's northernmost permanent settlement from 1926 to 1933, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police post.
Kōgyōkōkō-mae Station
Kōgyōkōkō-mae Station (工業高校前駅, Kōgyōkōkō-mae-eki) was a railway station on the Towada Kankō Electric Railway Line located in the city of Towada, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. It was 13.3 rail kilometers from the terminus of the Towada Kankō Electric Railway Line at Misawa Station.

Towada
Towada (十和田市, Towada-shi) is a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 October 2025, the city had an estimated population of 56,766 in 28222 households, and a population density of 78 persons per km2  The total area of the city is 725.65 square kilometers (280.18 sq mi).Towada is home to the national and prefectural agencies that administer the Kamikita region, and is the central city of the region. In October 2012, the city signed an agreement with nine surrounding municipalities to improve the living environment, and has a cooperative relationship with Misawa City, which has an airport and a U.S. Air Force base.
Bayer filter
A Bayer filter mosaic is a color filter array (CFA) for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors. Its particular arrangement of color filters is used in most single-chip digital image sensors used in digital cameras, and camcorders to create a color image. The filter pattern is half green, one quarter red and one quarter blue, hence is also called BGGR, RGBG, GRBG, or RGGB.

It is named after its inventor, Bryce Bayer of Eastman Kodak. Bayer is also known for his recursively defined matrix used in ordered dithering.

Alternatives to the Bayer filter include both various modifications of colors and arrangement and completely different technologies, such as color co-site sampling, the Foveon X3 sensor, the dichroic mirrors or a transparent diffractive-filter array.

Colour co-site sampling
Colour co-site sampling is a system of photographic colour sensing, wherein 4, 16 or 36 images are collected from the sensor and merged to form a single image. Each subsequent image physically moves the sensor by exactly one pixel, in order to collect R, G and B data for each pixel, known as microscanning. This is a viable alternative to the typical Bayer filter array of pixels which returns a lower quality images with interpolated pixel colours.
Pierre Gassendi
Pierre Gassendi (French: [pjɛʁ gasɛ̃di]; also Pierre Gassend or Petrus Gassendus; 22 January 1592 – 24 October 1655) was a French philosopher, Catholic priest, astronomer, and mathematician. While he held a church position in south-east France, he also spent much time in Paris, where he was a leader of a group of free-thinking intellectuals. He was also an active observational scientist, publishing the first data on the transit of Mercury in 1631. The lunar crater Gassendi is named after him.

He wrote numerous philosophical works, and some of the positions he worked out are considered significant, finding a way between skepticism and dogmatism. Richard Popkin indicates that Gassendi was one of the first thinkers to formulate the modern "scientific outlook", of moderated skepticism and empiricism. He clashed with his contemporary Descartes on the possibility of certain knowledge. His best known intellectual project attempted to reconcile Epicurean atomism with Christianity.

Ramism
Ramism was a collection of theories on rhetoric, logic, and pedagogy based on the teachings of Petrus Ramus, a French academic, philosopher, and Huguenot convert, who was murdered during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August 1572.

According to British historian Jonathan Israel:

"[Ramism], despite its crudity, enjoyed vast popularity in late sixteenth-century Europe, and at the outset of the seventeenth, providing as it did a method of systematizing all branches of knowledge, emphasizing the relevance of theory to practical applications [...]"
George Axelrod
George Axelrod (June 9, 1922 – June 21, 2003) was an American screenwriter and producer. His play The Seven Year Itch (1952), was adapted into a film of the same name starring Marilyn Monroe. Axelrod was nominated for an Academy Award for his 1961 adaptation of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's and also adapted Richard Condon's The Manchurian Candidate (1962).

Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?
Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? is a 1957 American satirical comedy film starring Jayne Mansfield and Tony Randall, with Betsy Drake, Joan Blondell, John Williams, Henry Jones, Lili Gentle, and Mickey Hargitay, and with a cameo by Groucho Marx. The film is a satire on popular fan culture, Hollywood hype, and the advertising industry, which was profiting from commercials on the relatively new medium of television. It also takes aim at the reduction television caused to the size of movie theater audiences in the 1950s. The film was known as Oh! For a Man! in the United Kingdom.

The film was produced and directed by Frank Tashlin, who also wrote the largely original screenplay, using little more than the title and the character of Rita Marlowe from the successful Broadway play Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? by George Axelrod. The play had run from 1955 to 1956 and also starred Jayne Mansfield as Rita.
Alexander Robertson (police officer)
Sir Alexander Robertson DCM KPM OStJ (14 November 1896 – 27 August 1970) was a British police officer. He served as Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis from 1958 to 1961.

Robertson won the Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) in 1916 for gallantry while serving in the Scots Guards. He was promoted from deputy commander to commander in the Metropolitan Police in 1952 and transferred to "A" Department. He was appointed Assistant Commissioner "A", in charge of administration and uniformed policing, on 2 January 1957. He remained in the job until his promotion to Deputy Commissioner on 1 September 1958. He retired on 1 November 1961, having been knighted in the 1961 New Year Honours.

Assistant Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
Assistant Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, usually just Assistant Commissioner (AC), is the third highest rank in London's Metropolitan Police, ranking below Deputy Commissioner and above Deputy Assistant Commissioner. There have usually been four officers in the rank; however, at times there have been five to seven. As of August 2025, there are five owing to the continuing secondment of Sir Stephen Kavanagh to Interpol.

From 1 September 2016, the salary is £198,823 (plus £2,373 allowance). This does not include the use of a private car and pension contributions. This makes them the equal fifth highest paid police officers in the United Kingdom, behind the commissioner, the deputy commissioner, the chief constable of Police Scotland and the chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland, and alongside the chief constables of West Midlands and Greater Manchester.
Black Hill Roman Camps
Black Hill Roman Camps  are two Roman camps that are part of an extensive complex of Roman military sites centred around the fort at Ardoch, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. They were built along the Gask Ridge during the re-conquest of Scotland by the emperor Septimius Severus.

The camp is about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north of the Ardoch Roman Fort in Braco.

Ardoch Roman Fort
Ardoch Roman Fort is an archaeological site just outside the village of Braco in Perthshire, Scotland, about seven miles (eleven kilometres) south of Crieff.

At Ardoch are the remains of a Roman fort and several marching camps which included a signal tower. Part of the Roman Gask Ridge, it is said to be one of the most complete Roman camps in Britain, and is one of the best-preserved series of Roman military earthworks in the whole Empire. It is protected as a scheduled monument.
Bantú Mama
Bantú Mama is a 2021 Dominican drama film directed by Ivan Herrera and written by Ivan Herrera and Clarisse Albrecht. Produced by Ivan Herrera, Clarisse Albrecht, Nicolas LaMadrid and Franmiris Lombert, it was filmed in the Dominican Republic, France and Senegal. The film tells the story of Emma (Clarisse Albrecht), a French woman of African descent who manages to escape after being arrested in the Dominican Republic. She finds shelter in the most dangerous district of Santo Domingo, where she is taken in by a group of children (Scarlet Reyes, Euris Javiel and Arturo Perez). By becoming their protégée and maternal figure, she experiences an unimaginable change in her destiny.

The film was selected as the Dominican entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 95th Academy Awards. ARRAY acquired the distribution rights to the film in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, and it was released on Netflix on 17 November 2022.

Clarisse Albrecht
Clarisse Albrecht (born 28 June 1978) is a French actress, screenwriter, producer, recording artist, singer-songwriter and former model. She's a multi-lingual artist, performing and writing in English, Portuguese, French and Spanish. She currently lives between France and Dominican Republic.
Calexico International Airport
Calexico International Airport (IATA: CXL, ICAO: KCXL, FAA LID: CXL) is a city-owned public-use airport located one mile (1.6 km) west of the central business district of Calexico, in Imperial County, California. The airport is mostly used for general aviation and to facilitate border crossing.

Calexico, California
Calexico (/kəˈlɛksɪkoʊ/) is a city in southern Imperial County, California. As of the 2020 census, Calexico had a population of 38,633. Situated on the Mexican border, it is linked economically with the much larger city of Mexicali, the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California. It is about 122 miles (196 km) east of San Diego and 62 miles (100 km) west of Yuma, Arizona. Calexico, along with six other incorporated Imperial County cities, forms part of the larger populated area known as the Imperial Valley. First explored by Europeans in the 18th century, Calexico began as a small tent community which was ultimately incorporated in 1908.
Aminoglycoside
Aminoglycoside is a medicinal and bacteriologic category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside (sugar). The term can also refer more generally to any organic molecule that contains amino sugar substructures. Aminoglycoside antibiotics display bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobes and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen but generally not against Gram-positive and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria.

Streptomycin is the first-in-class aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is derived from Streptomyces griseus and is the earliest modern agent used against tuberculosis. Streptomycin lacks the common 2-deoxystreptamine moiety (image right, below) present in most other members of this class. Other examples of aminoglycosides include the deoxystreptamine-containing agents kanamycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, and neomycin (see below).

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
1st Kenya Rifles Battalion
1st Kenya Rifles is an infantry battalion of the Kenya Army. It is a descendant of the pre-independence Kenya British Army formation the Kings African Rifles that was formed before the First World War.

Kenya Army Infantry
The units of the Kenya Army Infantry are the principal fighting arms of the Kenya Army. The primary mission of the Infantry formations is to fight and win land battles within area of operational responsibilities in the defence of the nation against land – based aggression, while the secondary mission is the provision of aid and support to civil authorities in the maintenance of order. The Kenyan School of Infantry (SOI) is located in Isiolo County.
Giuseppe Donati
Giuseppe Donati (2 December 1836 – 14 February 1925) was an Italian musical instrument maker who invented the ocarina, a ceramic wind instrument based on the principle of a Helmholtz resonator.

Donati was born in Budrio. Legend has it that he created his first "little goose" ("ocarina" in Italian dialect) in 1853, aged 17, whilst still working as a brickmaker. His first ocarina-making workshop was in his hometown of Budrio. When he moved to larger premises in Bologna in 1878, a fellow musician of the Gruppo Ocarinistico, Cesare Vicinelli, continued the Budrio workshop. Donati died, aged 88, in Milan.

Budrio
Budrio (Eastern Bolognese: Bûdri) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy; it is 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Bologna.

Budrio is the birthplace of Giuseppe Barilli, better known under his pseudonym of Quirico Filopanti, an Italian mathematician and politician.
TN 81
The French airborne nuclear warheads (TN81) is a thermonuclear warhead carried by the Air-Sol Moyenne Portée (ASMP) medium-range air-to-surface missile, a component of the Force de frappe French nuclear deterrent. The warhead was introduced in 1988. By 1991, 80 warheads had been produced.

Deployment: 60 warheads carried by the ASMP equipping the 60 Mirage 2000 N with the French Air Force and 20 Super Etendard of Naval Aviation. The TN81 has a yield of 300 kilotons

It has been replaced by 54 TNA (Airborne nuclear warhead) thermonuclear warhead carried by the ASMPA equipping the Mirage 2000 N and Dassault Rafale.

Specifications:

thermonuclear weapon

yield from 100 to 300 kiloton

insensitive explosives

TNA (Airborne nuclear warhead)
The French Tête nucléaire aéroportée (TNA) or Airborne nuclear warhead is a thermonuclear warhead carried by the Air-sol moyenne portée amélioré (ASMP-A) medium-range air-to-surface missile, a component of the Force de dissuasion French nuclear deterrent. The warhead was introduced in 2010. 54 warheads had been produced replacing former TN 81 warhead carried by former Air-sol moyenne portée (ASMP) medium-range air-to-surface missile.

Deployment: 54 warheads carried by the ASMP-A equipping the Dassault Rafale B with the French Air Force and Dassault Rafale M of Naval Aviation. The airborne nuclear warheads (TNA) that are carried on the new improved medium-range air-to-ground missiles (in French ASMP-A) are now loaded underneath the Rafale aircraft. Each TNA has a yield of 300 kilotonnes.

Specifications:

Thermonuclear weapon

Yield from 100 to 300 kiloton

Insensitive explosives
ISO 639:b
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with B.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:l
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with L.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
The Even Chance
The Even Chance is the first of eight Hornblower television adaptations relating the exploits of Horatio Hornblower, the protagonist in a series of novels and short stories by C.S. Forester. The Even Chance is the name given to the film in the United Kingdom, while in the United States it is known by the alternative title The Duel.

Mr. Midshipman Hornblower
Mr. Midshipman Hornblower is a 1950 Horatio Hornblower novel written by C. S. Forester. Although it may be considered as the first episode in the Hornblower saga, it was written as a prequel; the first Hornblower novel, The Happy Return ("Beat to Quarters" in the U.S.), was published in 1937.
Lichenostomus
Lichenostomus is a genus of honeyeaters endemic to Australia.

The genus formerly contained twenty species but it was split after a molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the genus was polyphyletic. Former members were moved to the six new genera: Nesoptilotis, Bolemoreus, Caligavis, Stomiopera, Gavicalis and Ptilotula.

The genus contains two species:

The name Lichenostomus was introduced by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1851. The word is derived from the Greek leikhēn meaning lichen or callous and stoma meaning mouth.

Bolemoreus
Bolemoreus is a genus of honeyeaters endemic to Australia. It contains former members of Lichenostomus, and was created after a molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the original genus was polyphyletic.

The genus contains two species:

The name Bolemoreus was first proposed by Árpád Nyári and Leo Joseph in 2011. The word combines the names of the Australian ornithologists Walter E. Boles and N. Wayne Longmore.
The House of Doors
The House of Doors is a 2023 historical novel by Tan Twan Eng, published by Bloomsbury Publishing. Set in the 1920s British colony of the Federated Malay States, the novel tells the stories of the local residents and visitors, including fictionalized depictions of writer William Somerset Maugham and Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. It reimagines how Maugham obtained source material for his 1926 short story "The Letter", which he converted the next year into a play that was later adapted many times for film and television.

The House of Doors was longlisted for the 2023 Booker Prize and listed among notable fiction works in 2023 by The Washington Post and The Financial Times.

Ethel Proudlock case
The Ethel Proudlock case refers to a 1911 shooting by Proudlock, her trial for murder, and the cause célèbre it created, scandalising British colonial society in Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States.

W. Somerset Maugham wrote a short story, "The Letter", based on the Proudlock case, followed by a successful 1927 play, also titled The Letter. His play then received several film and TV adaptations, most notably William Wyler's 1940 film.
Naomi Ōzora
Naomi Ōzora (大空 直美, Ōzora Naomi; born February 4, 1989) is a Japanese voice actress from Osaka Prefecture. Her major voice roles include Hana Uzaki in Uzaki-chan Wants to Hang Out!, Jahy in The Great Jahy Will Not Be Defeated!, Inari Fushimi in Inari, Konkon, Koi Iroha, Chio Miyamo in Chio's School Road, Kiriha in Tsugumomo, Satania in Gabriel DropOut, Ruti Ragnason in Banished from the Hero's Party, and Chieri Ogata in The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls.

Wataten!
Wataten!: An Angel Flew Down to Me (Japanese: 私に天使が舞い降りた!, Hepburn: Watashi ni Tenshi ga Maiorita!) is a Japanese four-panel yuri comedy manga series written and illustrated by Nanatsu Mukunoki. The series began publication in Ichijinsha's Comic Yuri Hime magazine in November 2016. An anime television series adaptation produced by Doga Kobo aired in Japan between January and March 2019. A theatrical anime film titled Wataten!: An Angel Flew Down to Me: Precious Friends premiered in October 2022.
Trento-Bondone Hill Climb
The Trento-Bondone Hill Climb is a hillclimbing competition starting in Trento and finishing on the Monte Bondone, organised by the Scuderia Trentina of the Automobile Club d'Italia. The first competition event was held on 5 July 1925. The course is 17.3 km (10.75 mi) in length. It was described as "an absurdly dramatic climb" that begins in the Adige valley at 275 metres elevation and climbs to 1650 metres in the Alps, for an average gradient of 7.9%.  The track is part of the European Hill Climb Championship. In 2014, the course was recreated in the videogame Assetto Corsa.

Hillclimbing
Hillclimbing, also known as hill climbing, speed hillclimbing, or speed hill climbing, is a branch of motorsport in which drivers compete against the clock to complete an uphill course. It is one of the oldest forms of motorsport, since the first known hillclimb at La Turbie near Nice, France, took place as long ago as 31 January 1897. The hillclimb held at Shelsley Walsh, in Worcestershire, England, is the world's oldest continuously staged motorsport event still staged on its original course, having been first run in 1905.
Nurpur kingdom
Nurpur kingdom in the Himalayan foothills of India was founded in 1064 A.D at north-eastern Bari Doab between the Ravi and the Beas rivers at the fusion of Kangra, Duggar, Majha, Dharab and Chamba  areas which ended in 1815. The remnants of Nurpur kingdom exist as ruined forts, restored temples, water bodies, and canals in Nurpur tehsil,  Fatehpur tehsil, Pathankot tehsil, Dhar Kalan tehsil, Jawali tehsil, Indora tehsil, Bhattiyat tehsil, and Sihunta tehsil.

Tomaras of Delhi
The Tomaras of Delhi (also called Tomar dynasty in modern vernaculars due to schwa deletion) ruled parts of present-day Delhi and Haryana in India during 8th–12th century. Their rule over this region is attested to by multiple inscriptions and coins. In addition, much of the information about them comes from medieval bardic legends. They belonged to the Tomar clan of the Rajputs.

They were displaced by the Chahamanas of Shakambhari in the 12th century, who took over their capital in Delhi, but who were themselves soon displaced by the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor in 1192 CE.
Rutheniridosmine
Rutheniridosmine is a naturally occurring mineral alloy of the elements ruthenium, iridium and osmium with the formula of (Ir,Os,Ru). Rutheniridosmine occurs as hexagonal, opaque, silver-white, metallic grains with a Mohs hardness of six. Platinum, palladium, rhodium, iron, and nickel occur as impurities.

Rutheniridosmine occurs in association with sperrylite, hollingworthite, iridarsenite, ruthenarsenite, michenerite, laurite, geversite, moncheite, and chromite.

Type localities include: the Ruby Creek, Spruce Creek, and Bullion mines of British Columbia, Canada and the Horokanai placer deposit, of Kamikawa Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan.

Native element mineral
Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure. The elemental class includes metals, intermetallic compounds, alloys, metalloids, and nonmetals. The Nickel–Strunz classification system also includes the naturally occurring phosphides, silicides, nitrides, carbides, and arsenides.