hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pavlovo Bus Factory
Pavlovo Bus Factory (Russian: Павловский автобус, formerly Па́вловский авто́бусный заво́д, Pavlovsky Avtobusny Zavod or PAZ) is a manufacturer of buses in Russia, in the city of
Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. PAZ is a subsidiary of Russian Buses which is a division of GAZ. The production of buses since 2005 has been carried out by  PAZ, a 100% subsidiary of PAO Pavlovsky Avtobus.

Pavlovo Bus Factory specializes in designing and manufacturing buses of the small/medium class (length 9.7 m). Buses are the most common plant in Russia, their annual output is over 10,000 units, almost 80% of small buses in Russia. The small PAZ buses have long been used by Russian "fixed-route taxi" (marshrutka) operators.

Starting in 2015, the GAZ Group introduced a single brand for all its bus manufacturing subsidiaries, and newly manufactured vehicles now feature the deer badge of the GAZ company.

Pavlovo, Pavlovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Pavlovo (Russian: Па́влово), also known as Pavlovo-na-Oke (Russian: Па́влово-на-Оке́), is a town and the administrative center of Pavlovsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of Oka River in the northwestern part of the Volga Upland. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 60,698.
Thomas Thewes
Thomas Thewes (December 9, 1931 – September 28, 2008) was an American entrepreneur and businessman. He was vice chairman and a co-founder of Compuware Corporation along with Peter Karmanos and Allen Cutting.

Thewes was a co-owner of three hockey teams, including the Carolina Hurricanes (NHL), the Plymouth Whalers (OHL), and the Florida Everblades (ECHL). He won the Stanley Cup with the Hurricanes in 2006.

Thewes was a graduate of the University of Detroit. He and his wife, Beverly, resided in metropolitan Detroit and had six children. Thewes was a benefactor to several philanthropic interests. He died after a two-year fight with leukemia.

Florida Everblades
The Florida Everblades are a professional minor league ice hockey team based in Estero, Florida, in the Cape Coral-Fort Myers metropolitan area. They play in the ECHL and are affiliated with the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Springfield Thunderbirds of the American Hockey League (AHL) since the 2024–25 ECHL season. Their home games are played at Hertz Arena.

The Everblades were founded in 1998. They play in the South Division of the Eastern Conference in the ECHL. They have failed to qualify for the playoffs just once in team history (2013–14) and have made seven appearances in the Kelly Cup finals, winning in 2012, 2022, 2023, and 2024; the latter three appearances constituted the first three-peat in ECHL history.
Optical isolator
An optical isolator, or optical diode, is an optical component which allows the transmission of light in only one direction. It is typically used to prevent unwanted feedback into an optical oscillator, such as a laser cavity.

The operation of conventional optical isolators relies on the Faraday effect (which in turn is produced by magneto-optic effect), which is used in the main component, the Faraday rotator. However, integrated isolators which do not rely on magnetism have been made in recent years too.

Faraday rotator
A Faraday rotator is a polarization rotator based on the Faraday effect, a magneto-optic effect involving transmission of light through a material when a longitudinal static magnetic field is present. The state of polarization (such as the axis of linear polarization or the orientation of elliptical polarization) is rotated as the wave traverses the device, which is explained by a slight difference in the phase velocity between the left and right circular polarizations. Thus it is an example of circular birefringence, as is optical activity, but involves a material only having this property in the presence of a magnetic field.
Hundred of Tarcowie
The Hundred of Tarcowie is a cadastral unit of hundred located on the south western slopes of the Narien Range in the Mid North of South Australia spanning the township of Tarcowie, the locality of Hornsdale, and surrounds. One of the 12 hundreds of the County of Dalhousie, it was proclaimed in 1871 by Governor James Fergusson and named for an indigenous term thought to mean 'wash away water'.

County of Dalhousie (South Australia)
The County of Dalhousie is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia in straddling the Mid North and Flinders Ranges regions. It was proclaimed in 1871 by Governor James Fergusson and was named for Fergusson's father-in-law James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie.
Brasileirinho
"Brasileirinho" (Little Brazilian) is a 1947 choro composed by Waldir Azevedo. It is considered one of the most successful and influential choros of all time; this standard has been covered by many artists, like singer Carmen Miranda, band Novos Baianos with guitarist Pepeu Gomes, and cellist Yo-Yo Ma (Obrigado Brazil). It was voted by the Brazilian edition of Rolling Stone as the 53rd greatest Brazilian song. The 2005 documentary Brasileirinho, about the choro genre, is named after the 1947 song.

Choro
Choro (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃoɾu], "cry" or "lament"), also popularly called chorinho ("little cry" or "little lament"), is an instrumental Brazilian popular music genre which originated in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. Despite its name, the music often has a fast and happy rhythm. It is characterized by virtuosity, improvisation and subtle modulations, and is full of syncopation and counterpoint. Choro is considered the first characteristically Brazilian genre of urban popular music. The serenaders who play choros are known as chorões.
River Cottage
River Cottage is a brand used for a number of ventures by television chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall. These include a long-running Channel 4 television series, cookery courses, events, restaurants and products such as beer and organic yogurts.

There is a River Cottage Kitchen restaurant championing organic and local food near Axminster. River Cottage HQ is a 100-acre farm on the Devon/Dorset border that follows the farm-to-fork ethos through its various endeavours. Among other things these include: cookery, gardening and craft courses, long table dining feasts in the 18th-century threshing barn and the 17th-century farmhouse which appeared in many of the later TV shows has recently been renovated to now host guests on a B&B and whole house rental basis. As well as this, River Cottage HQ holds many private events including parties, meetings and weddings.

Bridport
Bridport is a market town and civil parish in Dorset, England, 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) inland from the English Channel near the confluence of the River Brit and its tributary the Asker. Its origins are Saxon and it has a long history as a rope-making centre. On the coast and within the town's boundary is West Bay, a small fishing harbour also known as Bridport Harbour.

The town features as Port Bredy in Thomas Hardy's Wessex novels. In the 21st century, Bridport's arts scene has expanded with an arts centre, theatre, cinema and museum.

In the 2011 census the population of Bridport's built-up area was 13,568. The town is twinned with Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, France.
Topor (headgear)
A topor (Bengali: টোপর) is a type of conical headgear traditionally worn by the Bengali groom as part of the Bengali Hindu wedding ceremony for good luck. The topor is typically fragile, made of sholapith and white in colour.

The topor is traditionally given to the groom by the bride's family. The groom dons the topor before the main ceremony begins. The bride will typically wear related, but differently-shaped, headgear (Bengali: মুকুট, mukut).

Topors are also worn by infant boys as part of the annaprashana ceremony, when they are dressed as grooms.

Sholapith
Sholapith or shola pith (also referred to as shola and Indian cork) is a dried milky-white spongey plant matter from Aeschynomene species. It can be pressed and shaped into objects of art, or for practical use.  It is the "pith" used for pith helmets, so giving them their name.
M'Bour
M'Bour or Mbour (Arabic: مبور; Wolof: Mbuur), is a city in the Thiès Region of Senegal. It lies on the Petite Côte, approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Dakar. It is home to a population of 284,189 (2023 census).

The city's major industries are tourism, fishing and peanut processing. M'Bour is a tourist destination. It is situated on the "Little Coast" and connected to Dakar via the N1 road.

It is noteworthy for the orphanage and nursery for children run by the international NGO Vivre Ensemble, and for the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Senegal.

140 migrants drowned on October 29, 2020 when a boat from M'Bour that was bound for the Canary Islands capsized near Saint-Louis, Senegal.

2020 Senegal shipwreck
On 29 October 2020, a ship which set off from the Senegalese fishing town of M'Bour caught fire and capsized while taking migrants to Spain's Canary Islands. Around 140 people died, and around 60 survivors were saved by the Senegalese and Spanish navies, and civilian fishermen. The International Organization for Migration said it was the deadliest shipwreck of the year.

The wreck came during an uptick in the number of African migrants attempting to reach the European Union by sea to the Canary Islands. Reasons include difficulty of international land travel in Africa due to COVID-19 restrictions, and increased security measures in north Africa; the journey is considerably longer and more hazardous than over the Mediterranean.

Senegal's youth blamed the wreck on the inability of their government to create jobs in their country.
Redemption (radio play)
Redemption is a 1947 Australian radio play based on the novel by Leo Tolstoy. It starred Peter Finch whose performance earned him the 1947 Macquarie Award for the Best Performance by a Male Actor on Radio. (Finch had also won this award the previous year.)

The play was originally known as The Living Corpses.

It was one of a series of radio plays Finch appeared in around this time adapted from Russian novels other being Such Men are Dangerous and Crime and Punishment.

Reviewing a repeat in 1950 the Brisbane Sunday Mail said "It might just as well have been Donald Ducks'
houseparty for all the conviction it carried. The main artery must have been severed when they were cutting it up for radio."

Resurrection (Tolstoy novel)
Resurrection (pre-reform Russian: Воскресеніе; post-reform Russian: Воскресение, romanized: Voskreséniye, also translated as The Awakening), first published in December 1899, was the last novel written by Leo Tolstoy. The book is the final of his major long fiction works published in his lifetime. Tolstoy intended the novel as a panoramic view of Russia at the end of the 19th century from the highest to the lowest levels of society and as an exposition of the injustice of man-made laws and the hypocrisy of the institutionalized church. The novel also explores the economic philosophy of Georgism, of which Tolstoy had become a very strong advocate towards the end of his life, and explains the theory in detail. The publication of Resurrection led to Tolstoy's excommunication by the Holy Synod from the Russian Orthodox Church in 1901.
Murray Bridge Speedway
The Murray Machining & Sheds Murray Bridge Speedway (formerly Riverview Speedway) is a Dirt track racing venue that is located in the town of Murray Bridge, South Australia, only 66 km from Adelaide. Racing at the speedway generally takes place between September and April meetings held on Saturday nights. Racing has been held at the venue continuously since opening in 1958.

Murray Bridge, South Australia
Murray Bridge (formerly Mobilong and Edwards Crossing; Ngarrindjeri: Pomberuk) is a city in the Australian state of South Australia, located 78 kilometres (48 mi) east-southeast of the state's capital city, Adelaide, and 77 kilometres (48 mi) north of the town of Meningie.

The city is called Pomberuk by the traditional owners of the land, the Ngarrindjeri people. It was later known as Mobilong and later as Edwards Crossing, before being renamed as Murray Bridge in 1924, deriving its name from the then Murray River road/rail bridge crossing over the Murray River. The city is situated on the Princes Highway, the main road transport link between Adelaide and Melbourne.

The city services a farming area including dairy, pigs, chickens, cereal crops and vegetables.
1979 NBA All-Star Game
The 1979 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game which was played on February 4, 1979, at the Pontiac Silverdome in the Detroit suburb of Pontiac, Michigan.

This was the first All-Star Game where no members from Boston Celtics or New York Knicks had been selected as All-Stars.

In addition, this was the first All-Star game held in a football or baseball dome as opposed to a traditional basketball arena; the Detroit Pistons were playing at the Pontiac Silverdome at that time.

The Western All-Stars defeated the Eastern All-Stars, 134–129. The MVP of the game was David Thompson, who scored 25 points. The game was officiated by John Vanak, Jack Madden, and Hugh Evans.

David Thompson (basketball)
David O'Neil Thompson (born July 13, 1954), commonly known by the nickname "Skywalker", is an American former professional basketball player. He played with the Denver Nuggets of both the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA), as well as the Seattle SuperSonics of the NBA before drug problems cut short his career. He was previously a star in college for North Carolina State, leading the Wolfpack to its first NCAA championship in 1974. Thompson is one of the ten players to score 70 or more points in an NBA game. He was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996.

Thompson was known for his exceptional leaping ability that enabled him to become one of the game's premier dunkers in the 1970s and earned him the nickname of "Skywalker". Michael Jordan said, "The whole meaning of vertical leap began with David Thompson." Bill Walton described Thompson as "Michael Jordan, Kobe Bryant, Tracy McGrady, and LeBron James rolled into one".
2014 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
The 2014 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team represented Louisiana Tech University in the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by second-year head coach Skip Holtz and played their home games at Joe Aillet Stadium in Ruston, Louisiana. They were in their second season as a member of Conference USA, competing in the West Division. They finished the season 9–5, 7–1 in C-USA play to win the West Division title. As West Division Champions, they played East Division Champion Marshall in the C-USA Championship Game, losing to the Thundering Herd 23–26. They were invited to the Heart of Dallas Bowl where they defeated Illinois.

2014 Conference USA Football Championship Game
The 2014 Conference USA Football Championship Game, held on December 6 of that year at Joan C. Edwards Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia, determined the 2014 football champion of Conference USA (C-USA), on December 6. The game featured the Marshall Thundering Herd, winners of the conference's East Division, hosting the West Division champion Louisiana Tech Bulldogs.

Under C-USA rules, the championship game would be played at the home stadium of the team with the best record in conference play.
Pollen's vanga
Pollen's vanga (Xenopirostris polleni) is a species of bird in the family Vangidae. It is endemic to eastern Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Vanga
The family Vangidae (from vanga, Malagasy for the hook-billed vanga, Vanga curvirostris) comprises a group of often shrike-like medium-sized birds distributed from Asia to Africa, including the vangas of Madagascar to which the family owes its name. Many species in this family were previously classified elsewhere in other families. Recent molecular techniques made it possible to assign these species to Vangidae, thereby solving several taxonomic enigmas. The family contains 40 species divided into 21 genera.
Glycoalkaloid
Glycoalkaloids are a family of chemical compounds derived from alkaloids to which sugar groups are appended. Most have a bitter taste and confer some protection against plant pathogens and herbivores. Several are potentially toxic to humans, most notably the poisons commonly found in the plant species Solanum dulcamara (bittersweet nightshade) and other plants in the genus Solanum, including potato. Some are antinutritional factors. They are an example of chemical defense in plants.

A prototypical glycoalkaloid is solanine (composed of the sugar solanose and the alkaloid solanidine), which is found in the potato. The alkaloidal portion of the glycoalkaloid is also generically referred to as an aglycone. The intact glycoalkaloid is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, therefore causing gastrointestinal irritation. The aglycone is absorbed and is believed to be responsible for observed nervous system signs.

Solanidine
Solanidine is a poisonous steroidal alkaloid chemical compound that occurs in plants of the family Solanaceae, such as potato and Solanum americanum. The sugar portion of glycoalkaloids hydrolyses in the body, leaving the solanidine portion.
Arameans Suryoye football team
The Arameans Suryoye football team is the representative football team for Arameans worldwide. They are not affiliated with FIFA or Asian Football Confederation, and therefore cannot compete for the FIFA World Cup or Asian Cup. The team played in the 2008 VIVA World Cup reaching the final which they lost 2–0 to Padania.
The team played in the CONIFA World Football Cup 2014 in Östersund, Sweden, and won bronze medal in the game against South Ossetia with 1–4.

2008 Viva World Cup
The 2008 Viva World Cup was the second Viva World Cup, an international tournament for football, that took place in July 2008. The winners were Padania, who took home the Nelson Mandela Trophy. The tournament was organised by the N.F.-Board.

The defending champions and hosts were Sápmi. The competition, organized by the Sami people, took place from 7 to 13 July, in Gällivare, Sweden.
Bernard Śliwiński
Bernard Stanisław Śliwiński (1883-1941) was a Polish doctor of law, insurgent during the Greater Poland uprising, lieutenant colonel in the Polish Armed Forces infantry, district commander of the state police, Mayor of Bydgoszcz and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari.

Poniec
Poniec [ˈpɔɲɛt͡s] is a town in western Poland, situated in the southern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The town has 2912 inhabitants (as of 2023). It is the capital of Gmina Poniec (commune) in Gostyń County.
Jääsjärvi
Jääsjärvi (Finnish: [ˈjæːsˌjærʋi]; lit. 'ice lake') is a medium-sized lake of Finland. It is located in the Hartola and Joutsa municipalities, in the Central Finland and Päijät-Häme regions. The water quality in the lake is excellent. The river Tainionvirta has its source in Jääsjärvi and flows through several smaller lakes to Päijänne. The water in Jääsjärvi is bright. The lake is part of the Sysmä catchment area and Kymijoki main catchment area.

There are dozens of islands in the lake. The biggest are Vehkasalo, Hirtesalo, Kotisalo, Ohrasaari, Urrionsaari, and Nautsalo. Vehkasalo, Hirtesalo, and Ohrasaari have roads connecting them to the mainland.

In winter time, the lake typically freezes.

Tainionvirta
The Tainionvirta is a river in the Päijät-Häme region of Finland. It begins at Jääsjärvi, Hartola. At Sysmä the river flows into the Päijänne. Its length is 6 to 7 kilometres (3.7 to 4.3 mi), and it drops about 5 metres (16 ft). There are five rapids, but typically water flows quite slowly. It is possible to paddle the river.
Superior transverse scapular ligament
The superior transverse ligament (transverse or suprascapular ligament) converts the suprascapular notch into a foramen or opening.

It is a thin and flat fascicle, narrower at the middle than at the extremities, attached by one end to the base of the coracoid process and by the other to the medial end of the scapular notch.

The suprascapular nerve always runs through the foramen; while the suprascapular vessels cross over the ligament in most of the cases.

The suprascapular ligament can become completely or partially ossified.  The ligament also been found to split forming doubled space within the suprascapular notch.

Suprascapular nerve
The suprascapular nerve is a mixed (sensory and motor) nerve that branches from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. It is derived from the ventral rami of cervical nerves C5-C6. It provides motor innervation to the supraspinatus muscle, and the infraspinatus muscle.
Footpath (1953 film)
Footpath is a 1953 Hindi romantic drama film written and directed by Zia Sarhadi. It stars Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari in lead roles. The music of the film is by Khayyam and background score by Timir Baran.

Zia Sarhadi
Zia Sarhadi (Urdu: ضیا سرحدی; born Fazl-e-Qadir Sethi 1914 in Peshawar, North West Frontier Province – 27 January 1997 in Karachi, Sindh) was an Indian and Pakistani screenwriter and director in the Indian film industry, whose career spanned what is widely considered the Golden Age of Indian Cinema.
Chicago school (architecture)
The Chicago School refers to two architectural styles derived from the architecture of Chicago. In the history of architecture, the first Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago in the late 19th, and at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial esthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Modernism. Much of its early work is also known as Commercial Style.

A "Second Chicago School" with a modernist esthetic emerged in the 1940s through 1970s, which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems, such as the tube-frame structure.

School of thought
A  school of thought, or intellectual tradition, is the perspective of a group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement.
Spectral density estimation
In statistical signal processing, the goal of spectral density estimation (SDE) or simply spectral estimation is to estimate the spectral density (also known as the power spectral density) of a signal from a sequence of time samples of the signal. Intuitively speaking, the spectral density characterizes the frequency content of the signal. One purpose of estimating the spectral density is to detect any periodicities in the data, by observing peaks at the frequencies corresponding to these periodicities.

Some SDE techniques assume that a signal is composed of a limited (usually small) number of generating frequencies plus noise and seek to find the location and intensity of the generated frequencies.  Others make no assumption on the number of components and seek to estimate the whole generating spectrum.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.