hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Forester (cyclist)
John Forester (7 October 1929 – 14 April 2020) was an English-American industrial engineer, specializing in bicycle transportation engineering. As cycling activist, he was known as "the father of vehicular cycling", for creating the Effective Cycling program of bicycle training along with its associated book of the same title, and for coining the phrase "the vehicular cycling principle" – "Cyclists fare best when they act and are treated as drivers of vehicles". His published works also included Bicycle Transportation: A Handbook for Cycling Transportation Engineers.

His works have come under criticism for posturing personal preference as fact, for  strongly influencing American traffic engineering in the 1980s against building dedicated cycling infrastructure, and for ignoring peer-reviewed research around cyclist fatality rates on roadways when comparing dedicated cycling infrastructure against vehicular cycling.

Cycling advocacy
Cycling advocacy consists of activities that call for, promote or enable increased adoption and support for cycling and improved safety and convenience for cyclists, usually within urbanized areas or semi-urban regions. Issues of concern typically include policy, administrative and legal changes (the consideration of cycling in all governance); advocating and establishing better cycling infrastructure (including road and junction design and the creation, maintenance of bike lanes and separate bike paths, and bike parking); public education regarding the health, transportational and environmental benefits of cycling for both individuals and communities, cycling and motoring skills; and increasing public and political support for bicycling.

There are many organisations worldwide whose primary mission is to advocate these goals. Most are non-profit organisations supported by donations, membership dues, and volunteers.
Battle of Vitoria
At the Battle of Vitoria (21 June 1813), a British, Portuguese and Spanish army under the Marquess of Wellington broke the French army under King Joseph Bonaparte and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan near Vitoria in Spain, eventually leading to victory in the Peninsular War.

Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe di ˌbwɔnaˈparte]; Corsican: Ghjuseppe Bonaparte; Spanish: José Bonaparte; 7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844), regnal name Joseph I, was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1806, Napoleon made him King of Naples, and then King of Spain and the Indies in 1808. After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself Comte de Survilliers and emigrated to the United States, where he lived in the Point Breeze estate at Bordentown, New Jersey.
North Berwick (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
North Berwick in Haddingtonshire was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, North Berwick, Dunbar, Haddington, Jedburgh and Lauder formed the Haddington district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Haddington Burghs
Haddington Burghs was a Scottish district of burghs constituency of the House of Commons of Great Britain (at Westminster) from 1708 to 1801 and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (also at Westminster) from 1801 until 1885.  It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.
Scouting Nederland
Scouting Nederland is the national Scout organisation of the Netherlands with approximately 110,000 members (53,324 male and 54,663 female, 87,000 youth members, as of 2010.

The official patron of Scouting Nederland is Queen Máxima, the wife of the Dutch King, Willem-Alexander. From 2005 Scouting Nederland has been affiliated with the International Scout and Guide Fellowship.

Het Arubaanse Padvindsters Gilde
Het Arubaanse Padvindsters Gilde (APG, The Aruban Guild of Girl Guides) is the national Guiding organization of Aruba. It serves 351 members (as of 2018). Founded in 1941, the girls-only organization became an associate member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1993 and a full member in 2017.
Automotive Design and Development
Automotive Design and Development Ltd (ADD) was an English company responsible for the creation of the futuristic-looking Nova kit car. It was based in Southampton from 1971 to 1973 after which it moved to Accrington, Lancashire until 1975. ADD failed and the rights to the Nova were bought by Nova Cars in Mirfield, West Yorkshire in 1978, which continued until 1990. A low volume production run was made by Nova Developments in Cornwall in the 1990s and the company was sold to India-based Aerotec Nova around 1996.

Vehicle canopy
A vehicle canopy is a rarely used type of door for cars. It has no official name so it is also known as an articulated canopy, bubble canopy, cockpit canopy, canopy door, or simply a canopy. A canopy is a type of door which sits on top of a car and lifts up in some way, to provide access for passengers. It is similar to an aircraft canopy. There are no established sub-types of canopies, so they can be hinged at the front, side, or back, although hinging at the front is most common. Canopy doors are rarely used on production cars, and are sometimes used on concept cars.
Louise Simonson
Louise Simonson (née Mary Louise Alexander; born September 26, 1946) is an American comic book writer and editor. She is best known for her work on comic book titles such as Conan the Barbarian, Power Pack, X-Factor, The New Mutants, Superman: The Man of Steel, and Steel.  She is often referred to by the nickname "Weezie". Among the comic characters she co-created are Cable, Steel, Power Pack, Rictor, Doomsday and the X-Men villain Apocalypse.

In recognition of her contributions to comics, ComicsAlliance listed Simonson as one of twelve female comics creators deserving of lifetime achievement recognition.

Action Comics 1000
Action Comics #1000 (cover dated Early June 2018) is the 1,007th issue of the original run of the comic book/magazine series Action Comics (after special #0 and #1,000,000 tie-ins to Zero Hour: Crisis in Time! and DC One Million respectively; a second #0 in 2012; and #23.1, #23.2, #23.3, #23.4 in 2013). It features several Superman stories from a variety of creators, including previously unpublished artwork by Curt Swan, who drew Superman for nearly four decades. It was a commercial and critical success, being the most-ordered comic of the month.
Data center bridging
Data center bridging (DCB) is a set of enhancements to the Ethernet local area network communication protocol for use in data center environments, in particular for use with clustering and storage area networks.

Fibre Channel over Ethernet
Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is a computer network technology that encapsulates Fibre Channel frames over Ethernet networks. This allows Fibre Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks (or higher speeds) while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol. The specification was part of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards T11 FC-BB-5 standard published in 2009. FCoE did not see widespread adoption.
Ghasm
Ghasm (Arabic: غصم, also spelled Ghasam) is a village in southwest Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located northeast of Daraa and west of Bosra. Other nearby localities include Maaraba to the east, al-Sahwah to the north, al-Jiza to west and al-Mataaiya to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ghasm had a population of 3,666 in the 2004 census.

Al-Jiza, Syria
Al-Jiza (Arabic: الجيزة) is a town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located east of Daraa. Nearby localities include al-Mataaiya to the south, Ghasm to the southeast, al-Sahwah to the northeast, al-Musayfirah to the north, Kahil to the northwest and al-Taybeh to the west.
Rodgau
Rodgau (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɔtɡaʊ] ⓘ) is a town in the Offenbach district in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany. It lies southeast of Frankfurt am Main in the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region and has the greatest population of any municipality in the Offenbach district. It came into being in 1979 when the greater community of Greater Rodgau was raised to the status of a town, after having been formed through a merger of five formerly self-administering communities in the framework of municipal reform in Hesse in 1977. The current constituent communities’ history reaches back to the 8th century.

Lords of Eppstein
The Lords of Eppstein (German: Herren von Eppstein) were a family of German nobility in the Middle Ages. From the 12th century they ruled extensive territories in the Rhine Main area from their castle in Eppstein, northwest of Frankfurt, Germany.
Medinah station
Medinah is a station on Metra's Milwaukee District West Line in Medinah, Illinois. The station is 23 miles (37 km) away from Chicago Union Station, the eastern terminus of the line. In Metra's zone-based fare system, Medinah is in zone 3. As of 2018, Medinah is the 110th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 439 weekday boardings.

As of February 15, 2024, Medinah is served by 43 trains (21 inbound, 22 outbound) on weekdays, by all 24 trains (12 in each direction) on Saturdays, and by all 18 trains (nine in each direction) on Sundays and holidays.

Medinah, Illinois
Nestled in the northwest suburbs of Chicago, Medinah , Illinois, is an unincorporated community in DuPage County. Medinah is home to the world-class Medinah Country Club, which has hosted numerous PGA and USGA tournaments.

It is neighbored by the three villages of Roselle, Itasca, and Bloomingdale along old Chicago–Galena highway between Route 19 and 20.
Paracanthocobitis abutwebi
Paracanthocobitis abutwebi also known as the hillstream zipper loach is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Paracanthocobitis. This species is known from the Karnaphuli, Meghna, and lower Brahmaputra and Ganges river drainages of Bangladesh.

Paracanthocobitis
Paracanthocobitis is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nemacheilidae, the stone loaches. This genus is known from the Indus basin in Pakistan to the Mekong basin of Cambodia and Laos The type species is Paracanthocobitis zonalternans. Some authorities treat this as a subgenus of Acanthocobitis
Battle of Fort Stevens
The Battle of Fort Stevens was an American Civil War battle fought July 11–12, 1864, in Washington County, D.C. in present-day Northwest Washington, D.C., during the Valley campaigns of 1864 between forces under Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal Early and Union Major General Alexander McDowell McCook.

Early's attack, less than 4 miles (6.4 km) from the White House, caused consternation in the U.S. government, but reinforcements under Maj. Gen. Horatio G. Wright and the strong defenses of Fort Stevens minimized the threat. Early withdrew after two days of skirmishing after attempting no serious assaults. Then U.S. President Abraham Lincoln personally observed the battle's fighting.

Martin Davis Hardin
Martin Davis Hardin  (June 26, 1837 –  December 12, 1923) was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was appointed a brigadier general on July 6, 1864, to rank from July 2, 1864, the date of U.S. Senate confirmation of his promotion.
...Sounds Like This
...Sounds Like This is the third album from English progressive rock band Nektar, released in 1973. It was the first Nektar album to be released in their home country of the United Kingdom. An attempt to recreate the band's live sound, ...Sounds Like This was largely improvised and dominated by extensive instrumental jamming, in contrast to their usual concept and composition-driven albums. The different approach to recording, combined with a number of difficulties with the mixing, resulted in it being the band's heaviest work.

Dieter Dierks
Dieter Dierks (born 9 February 1943) is a German record producer, sound engineer, music publisher, studio owner and musician. He became well known as producer of the rock band Scorpions who were signed to him between 1975 and 1988. Before that time, he had already successfully established Hamburg-based band Atlantis in the US. Between 1969 and 1975, numerous albums of the "Krautrock" era were produced at Dierks Studio. From 1975 onwards, more and more international artists started booking his state-of-the art sound and TV studios.
Interaction information
In probability theory and information theory, the interaction information is a generalization of the mutual information for more than two variables.

There are many names for interaction information, including amount of information, information correlation, co-information, and simply mutual information. Interaction information expresses the amount of information (redundancy or synergy) bound up in a set of variables, beyond that which is present in any subset of those variables. Unlike the mutual information, the interaction information can be either positive or negative. These functions, their negativity and minima have a direct interpretation in algebraic topology.

Conditional mutual information
In probability theory, particularly information theory, the conditional mutual information is, in its most basic form, the expected value of the mutual information of two random variables given the value of a third.
Dominique Janssen
Dominique Johanna Anna Petrone Janssen (Dutch: [doːmiˈnik joːˈɦɑnaː ˈʔɑnaː ˈjɑnsə(n)]; formerly Bloodworth; born 17 January 1995) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defender or defensive midfielder for Women's Super League club Manchester United and captains the Netherlands national team.

2014 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship
The UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship 2014 Final Tournament was held in Norway from 15 to 27 July 2014. The first qualification matches were played on 21 September 2013.

A competition record of 48 participating nations was set. For the first time Albania, Malta and Montenegro enter the competition.

The Netherlands won the final over Spain 1–0.
2024–25 Akron Zips men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Akron Zips men's basketball team represented the University of Akron during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Zips, led by eighth-year head coach John Groce, played their home games at the James A. Rhodes Arena in Akron, Ohio as members of the Mid-American Conference.

They won the MAC with a 17–1 record and the MAC tournament  As a 13 seed, they lost their first round matchup in the NCAA tournament to Arizona.

2025 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2025 Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC) held March 13–15, 2025. The entire tournament was played at Rocket Arena in Cleveland, Ohio.  Akron defeated Bowling Green and Toledo in the first two rounds and then Miami in the final  Nate Johnson of Akron was the MVP.
Sea Lion Rocks railway station
Sea Lion Rocks (Manx: Stashoon Chreggyn Raun Chleayshagh) is a railway station and outer terminus of the Groudle Glen Railway in the Isle of Man. It served as the outer terminus from 1896 until 1939 and again from 1992 to date.

Groudle Glen Railway
The Groudle Glen Railway is a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge railway near Onchan in the Isle of Man, on the boundary of Onchan and Lonan, which is owned and operated by a small group of enthusiastic volunteers and operates on summer Sundays; May to September and Wednesday evenings in July and August along with a number of annual special events.
Celery mosaic virus
Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae.

In California, mosaic diseases of celery (Apium graveolens) were reported as early as 1922. After some time, it became clear that there were at least two different viruses causing mosaic diseases with similar symptoms in celery.

These two viruses were first differentiated by host range. One of the viruses had a wide host range and was named Southern celery mosaic. The second had a host range restricted to the family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) and was called Western celery mosaic. Continued  research showed that the Southern mosaic virus was actually an isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus and  Western celery mosaic eventually became known simply as Celery mosaic virus.

Cucumber mosaic virus
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the family Bromoviridae. This virus has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range, having the reputation of the widest host range of any known plant virus. It can be transmitted from plant to plant both mechanically by sap and by aphids in a stylet-borne fashion. It can also be transmitted in seeds and by the parasitic weeds, Cuscuta sp. (dodder).
Game mechanics
In tabletop games and video games, game mechanics define how a game works for players. Game mechanics are the rules or ludemes that govern and guide player actions, as well as the game's response to them. A rule is an instruction on how to play, while a ludeme is an element of play, such as the L-shaped move of the knight in chess. The interplay of various mechanics determines the game's complexity and how the players interact with the game. All games use game mechanics; however, different theories disagree about their degree of importance to a game. The process and study of game design includes efforts to develop game mechanics that engage players.

Common examples of game mechanics include turn-taking, movement of tokens, set collection, bidding, capture, and spell slots.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Nabeshima Naozumi
Nabeshima Naozumi (鍋島 直澄; January 1, 1616 – April 5, 1669) was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period, who ruled the Hasunoike Domain in Hizen Province (modern-day Saga Prefecture). He was the son of Nabeshima Katsushige, and was a viable candidate for succession to the lordship of the Saga Domain upon the death of his brother Tadanao (Naozumi married Tadanao's widow); however, this plan was unsuccessful. Naozumi was instead granted 52,000 koku in Hizen Province, and became the first daimyō of Hasunoike.

Hasunoike Domain
Hasunoike Domain (蓮池藩, Hasunoike-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period.  It was regarded as a sub-domain of Saga Domain.  the headquarters of the domain were initially within the San-no-maru of Saga Castle; later a jin'ya was erected in the Hasunoike district of Saga city. It was ruled by a cadet branch of the tozama daimyō Nabeshima clan for all of its history.
John Gossweiler
Johannes Gossweiler ComIC (24 December 1873, in Regensdorf – 19 February 1952, in Lisbon) aka John Gossweiler or João Gossweiler, was state botanist to the Government of Angola from 1899 until his death. He made important collections in every district of Angola and created the first phytogeographic map of that country. His collections of African plant specimens were sent regularly to 
Lisbon (Jardim Colonial 
and Jardim Botânico da Universidade), 
the British Museum, 
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
and the University of Coimbra. 
Duplicates were also kept at the Herbarium of the Instituto de Investigação Agronómica in Angola. 
Today, many herbaria contain specimens he collected (see #Collections in herbaria).

Regensdorf
Regensdorf (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈreːɡn̩sdɔrf]) is a municipality in the Dielsdorf District of the canton of Zürich, Switzerland. It is the largest city in the Furttal region.

Katzensee is a lake that also includes Strandbad Katzensee, a lido on the border with the Affoltern quarter of the city of Zürich.
Coderre, Saskatchewan
Coderre English: /koʊˈdɛər/) (2016 population: 30) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Rodgers No. 133 and Census Division No. 7. The village is located approximately 85 km southwest of the City of Moose Jaw on Highway 627.

Division No. 7, Saskatchewan
Division No. 7 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the south-central part of the province. The most populous community in this division is Moose Jaw.
Faro (Canadian electoral district)
Faro was an electoral district that returned a member (known as an MLA) to the Legislative Assembly of the Yukon Territory in Canada between 1978 and 2002. It was created out of the riding of Pelly River and encompassed the community of Faro. It was situated on the traditional territory of the Ross River Dena Council of the Kaska Dena.

The riding was dissolved in 2002 and amalgamated into the new riding of Pelly-Nisutlin, which includes the communities of Faro, Teslin, Ross River, and Little Salmon.

Faro is the former seat of Yukon Liberal leader Jim McLachlan and New Democrat Trevor Harding, who briefly served as interim leader of the Yukon New Democratic Party and interim Leader of the Official Opposition after his party's defeat in the 2000 territorial election.

Pelly River (electoral district)
Pelly River was a territorial electoral district in the Canadian territory of Yukon, which was represented on the Yukon Territorial Council from 1974 to 1978. The district consisted primarily of town of Faro, as well as much of the rural northeast quadrant of Yukon.

It was one of four districts, alongside Ogilvie, Whitehorse Porter Creek and Whitehorse Riverdale, which existed only for the 1974 Yukon general election; the districts were newly created in 1974 when the territorial council was expanded from seven to 12 members, but Pelly River was divided into the districts of Faro and Campbell when the new Legislative Assembly of Yukon was established in 1978.

The district's sole elected representative was Stuart McCall, who was defeated when he ran for reelection to the Legislative Assembly in Faro in 1978.
Diocese of Melfi-Rapolla-Venosa
The Diocese of Melfi-Rapolla-Venosa (Latin: Dioecesis Melphiensis-Rapollensis-Venusina, Italian: Diocesi di Melfi-Rapolla-Venosa) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Basilicata, southern Italy. In 1986 the historic Diocese of Melfi-Rapolla was united with the Diocese of Venosa. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Potenza-Muro Lucano-Marsico Nuovo. The Abbey of the Santissima Trinità at Venosa comes under the Diocese.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapolla
The Catholic Diocese of Rapolla, in Basilicata, existed from the eleventh century until 1528. In that year it was united with the diocese of Melfi, to form the diocese of Melfi e Rapolla. The diocese was suppressed in 1986.