hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wellerism
Wellerisms, named after sayings of Sam Weller in Charles Dickens's novel The Pickwick Papers, make fun of established clichés and proverbs by showing that they are wrong in certain situations, often when taken literally. In this sense, Wellerisms that include proverbs are a type of anti-proverb. Typically a Wellerism consists of three parts: a proverb or saying, a speaker, and an often humorously literal explanation.

Some playwrights adapting Dickens' work have coined further examples.

A type of Wellerism called a Tom Swifty incorporates a speaker attribution that puns on the quoted statement.

Sam Weller (character)
Sam Weller is a fictional character in The Pickwick Papers (1836-37), the first novel by Charles Dickens, and the character that made Dickens famous. A humorous Cockney bootblack, Sam Weller first appeared in the fourth serialised episode. Previously the monthly parts of the book had been doing badly, selling only about 1,000 copies a month — but the humour of the character transformed the book into a publishing phenomenon, raising the sales by late autumn of 1837 to 40,000 a month.

On the impact of the character, The Paris Review stated, "arguably the most historic bump in English publishing is the Sam Weller Bump." Such was the popularity of the character that William Thomas Moncrieff named his 1837 burletta Samuel Weller, or, The Pickwickians after the main comic character in the novel, rather than on Samuel Pickwick himself. Merchandise based on the character appeared, such as Sam Weller puzzles, Weller boot polish and Weller joke books.
2008 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 2008 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 2008, as part of the elections to the Council of State.  North Carolina also held a gubernatorial election on the same day, but the offices of governor and lieutenant governor are elected independently.

Democrat Walter H. Dalton was elected lieutenant governor, succeeding term-limited Beverly Perdue, who was elected governor the same day. Dalton won a slightly larger percentage of the vote than did Perdue in her gubernatorial race, while Republican Robert Pittenger won a slightly smaller percentage than GOP gubernatorial nominee Pat McCrory and Libertarian Phillip Rhodes won a slightly larger percentage than his party's nominee for governor, Michael Munger.

This was the last election until 2024 where a Democrat would be elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina.

2024 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 2024 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2024, to elect the lieutenant governor of North Carolina. Democratic state senator Rachel Hunt won her first term in office, defeating Republican state official Hal Weatherman. She succeeded Republican incumbent Mark Robinson, who did not seek re-election in order to unsuccessfully run for governor.

In her party's primary, Hunt won the Democratic nomination with 70% of the vote over former state Senator Ben Clark and businessman Mark H. Robinson (no relation to the incumbent). Weatherman won the Republican nomination with 74% of the vote over Forsyth County District Attorney Jim O'Neil in a runoff after no candidate received over 30% of the vote in his party's primary. Hunt won the general election with 49.5% the vote to Weatherman's 47.6%, making her the first Democrat elected lieutenant governor of North Carolina since Walter H. Dalton in 2008.
Chrysaora melanaster
Chrysaora melanaster, commonly known as the northern sea nettle or brown jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish native to the northern Pacific Ocean and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean.  It is sometimes referred to as a Pacific sea nettle, but this name is also used for C. fuscescens; the name Japanese sea nettle was also used for this species, but that name now exclusively refers to C. pacifica. Although jellyfish kept in public aquariums sometimes are referred to as C. melanaster, this is the result of the historical naming confusion and these actually are C. pacifica.

Chrysaora pacifica
Chrysaora pacifica, commonly named the Japanese sea nettle, is a jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae. This common species is native to the northwest Pacific Ocean, including Japan and Korea, but it was formerly confused with the larger and more northerly distributed C. melanaster. As a consequence, individuals kept in public aquariums have often been mislabelled as C. melanaster. The medusae of C. pacifica typically has a bell with a diameter of 15–21 cm (5.9–8.3 in). Its sting is strong and can be dangerous to humans.
People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
The People's Liberation Army – PLA (Arabic: جيش التحرير الشعبي  | Jayish al-Tahrir al-Sha'aby), also known as the Armée populaire de libération (APL) in French or Forces of the Martyr Kamal Jumblatt (Arabic: قوات الشهيد كمال جنبلاط | Quwwat al-Shahid Kamal Junblat), was the military wing of the left-wing Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), which fought in the Lebanese Civil War. The PSP and its militia were members of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) from 1975 to 1982 and its successor, the Lebanese National Resistance Front (LNRF) from 1983 to 1990.

4th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
The 4th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon) was a Lebanese Army unit that fought in the Lebanese Civil War, being active from its creation in January 1983 until its destruction in September that year, in the wake of the Mountain War.
Hotel del Coronado
The Hotel del Coronado, also known as The Del and Hotel Del, is a historic beachfront hotel in Coronado, California, just across San Diego Bay from San Diego. A rare surviving example of an American architectural genre—the wooden Victorian beach resort—it was designated a California Historical Landmark in 1970 and a National Historic Landmark in 1977. It is the second-largest wooden structure in the United States (after the Tillamook Air Museum in Tillamook, Oregon).

When the hotel opened in 1888, it was the largest resort hotel in the world. It has hosted presidents, royalty, and celebrities, and been featured in numerous films and books.

Reid & Reid
Reid & Reid, also known as Reid Brothers, was an American architectural and engineering firm that was active from 1880 to 1932. Established in Indiana by Canadian immigrants, the firm moved to the West Coast and became was the most prominent firm in San Francisco, California, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Bangor, Michigan
Bangor is a city in Van Buren County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Bangor had a population of 2,016. The city is located in the northeast corner of Bangor Township, but is politically independent.

It was first organized as a town in 1854 and named after Bangor, Maine.

Bangor Township, Van Buren County, Michigan
Bangor Township is a civil township of Van Buren County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 1,939. The City of Bangor is located in the northeast corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous. Bangor Township was organized in 1853.
Zungoli
Zungoli is a town and comune   in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy, about 58 kilometres (36 mi) from the town of Avellino.

Located in Irpinia historical district between the Ufita Valley and Daunian Mountains, Zungoli is awarded a quality mark, Bandiera arancione, and it is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Zungoli is believed to have been settled around 900 AD.  Many of the Italians in Dobbs Ferry in the U.S. state of New York are descendants of immigrants from Zungoli, as are communities of Italians in Bristol UK.

The town is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia and its territory borders the municipalities of Anzano di Puglia, Ariano Irpino, Flumeri, Monteleone di Puglia, San Sossio Baronia, and Villanova del Battista.

Ariano Irpino
Ariano Irpino (Italian pronunciation: [aˈrjaːno irˈpiːno]), known until 1930 as Ariano di Puglia, and historically and in the local dialect simply as Ariano, is an Italian commune with a population of 20,706 inhabitants located in the Province of Avellino within the Campania region.

Perched atop a highland straddling the Apennines and endowed with an expansive territory at the crossroads of ancient routes, this small town swiftly gained strategic prominence, rising from the Early Middle Ages to become the seat of both the Diocese of Ariano and the County of Ariano.

Chosen by King Roger II of Sicily as the venue for the renowned Assizes of Ariano, celebrated for the artistry of its maiolica, the town proudly bears the title of city within the farthest reaches of the regional hinterland, directly bordering Apulia.
Urea transporter
A urea transporter is a membrane transport protein, transporting urea. Humans and other mammals have two types of urea transport proteins, UT-A and UT-B. The UT-A proteins are important for renal urea handling and are produced by alternative splicing of the SLC14A2 gene.  Urea transport in the kidney is regulated by vasopressin.

The structure of a urea transport family protein from Desulfovibrio vulgaris was determined by x-ray crystallography. The structure has a pathway through the membrane that is similar to that of ion channel proteins, accounting for the ability of urea transport proteins to move up to one million urea molecules per second across the membrane.

Urea transporters can be inhibited by the action of urea analogues like thiourea and glycosides like phloretin. Their inhibition results in increased diuresis due to urea induced osmosis in the collecting ducts of the kidney.

Renal urea handling
Renal urea handling is the part of renal physiology that deals with the reabsorption and secretion of urea. Movement of large amounts of urea across cell membranes is made possible by urea transporter proteins.

Urea allows the kidneys to create hyperosmotic urine (urine that has more ions in it - is "more concentrated" - than that same person's blood plasma). Preventing the loss of water in this manner is important if the person's body must save water in order to maintain a suitable blood pressure or (more likely) in order to maintain a suitable concentration of sodium ions in the blood plasma.

About 40% of the urea filtered is normally found in the final urine, since there is more reabsorption than secretion along the nephron.

It is regulated by antidiuretic hormone, which controls the amount reabsorbed in the collecting duct system and secreted into the loop of Henle.
Siege of Bredevoort (1597)
The siege of Bredevoort in 1597 was a siege of Bredevoort by the military forces led by Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, during the Eighty Years War and the Anglo-Spanish War. The siege lasted from 1 October until 9 October; after that day Bredevoort was occupied by the besiegers. The siege was part of a campaign during which Maurice conquered the cities Turnhout, Alphen, Rijnberk, Meurs, Bredevoort, Groenlo, Goor, Enschede, Oldenzaal, Ootmarsum, and Lingen.

Bredevoort
Bredevoort (Low Saxon: Brevoort) is a small city with city privileges of about 1600 inhabitants in the municipality of Aalten, Netherlands. It is between the towns of Aalten and Winterswijk.

Bredevoort has presented itself as Bredevoort boekenstad (Bredevoort book town), after the examples of Hay-on-Wye in Wales and Redu in Belgium. There are now more than 20 second-hand book shops in the town.

Bredevoort was a Heerlijkheid and a separate municipality until 1818. The villages Aalten, Dinxperlo and Winterswijk included the fiefdom of Bredevoort when it became a part of Aalten in 1818.
Valleriite
Valleriite is an uncommon sulfide mineral (hydroxysulfide) of iron and copper with formula: 4(Fe,Cu)S·3(Mg,Al)(OH)2 or (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6. It is an opaque, soft, bronze-yellow to brown mineral which occurs as nodules or encrustations.

Sulfide mineral
The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) or disulfide (S2−2) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts.  Sulfide minerals are inorganic compounds.
Cape Sable Island
Cape Sable Island, locally referred to as Cape Island, is a small Canadian island at the southernmost point of the Nova Scotia peninsula.  It is sometimes confused with Sable Island. Historically, the Argyle, Nova Scotia region was known as Cape Sable and encompassed a much larger area than simply the island it does today. It extended from Cape Negro through Chebogue.

The island is situated in Shelburne County south of Barrington Head, separated from the mainland by the narrow strait of Barrington Passage, but has been connected since 1949 by a causeway. The largest community on the island is the town of Clark's Harbour. Other communities are listed below. At the extreme southern tip is Cape Sable.

Barrington Passage, Nova Scotia
Barrington Passage is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Barrington of Shelburne County.
It is named after William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington.
Protea welwitschii
Protea welwitschii is a species of shrub or small tree which belongs to the genus Protea, and which occurs in bushveld and different types of grassland.

Vernacular names given for this species include cluster-head protea, honey-scented protea and rusty velvet protea in southern tropical Africa, and in South Africa the dwarf savanna sugarbush, cluster-head sugarbush or the white sugar-bush. In isiZulu it is known as isiqalaba. In Afrikaans the common names of troshofiesuikerbos, kleinsuikerbos, troshofie-suikerbos, welwitsch-se-suikerbos, witsuikerbos, witsuikerboskan, and simply suikerbos, have all been recorded for this species.

Protea
Protea (/ˈproʊtiːə/) is a genus of South African flowering plants, also called sugarbushes (Afrikaans: suikerbos). It is the type genus of the Proteaceae family.

About 92% of the species occur only in the Cape Floristic Region, a narrow belt of mountainous coastal land from Clanwilliam to Grahamstown, South Africa. Most protea species are found south of the Limpopo River. Protea madiensis grows in Afromontane enclaves across tropical Africa, from Guinea to Sudan, Mozambique, and Angola. Protea afra ranges from the Cape region to Uganda and Kenya, including in the chaparral zone of Mount Kenya National Park. The extraordinary richness and diversity of species characteristic of the Cape flora are thought to be caused in part by the diverse landscape, where populations can become isolated from each other and in time develop into separate species.
Good Bones
Good Bones is a collection of short fiction (most stories only a few pages long) by Canadian author Margaret Atwood.  The collection was originally published in 1992.

The collection explores the sinister side of classical myths, traditional Anglo-European folklore and literary archetypes. Through the stories, Atwood gives voice to the "bad girls": the stupid, ugly or wicked stepmothers and stepsisters who feature as antagonists in the archetypes Atwood explores. For example, the Little Red Hen, the stepsisters from 'Cinderella', and Gertrude from William Shakespeare's Hamlet get their say. Ultimately, these stories explore the danger of life (which inevitably ends in death) and the power of telling one's own story.

The book was republished in 1994, in combination with another Atwood work called Murder in the Dark, as part of the expanded collection Good Bones and Simple Murders.

Good Bones and Simple Murders
Good Bones and Simple Murders is a book by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, originally published in 1994. Although classified with Atwood's short fiction, it is an eclectic collection, featuring parables, monologues, prose poems, condensed science fiction, reconfigured fairy tales, as well as Atwood's own illustrations. Much of the book is a reprint of two earlier Atwood works, Good Bones and Murder in the Dark.

The story "Gertrude Talks Back" sees Gertrude, mother of Hamlet setting her son straight about Old Hamlet's murder: "It wasn't Claudius, darling, it was me!"
Acts 3
Acts 3 is the third chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. This chapter records the healing of a disabled person by the apostles Peter and John, and Peter's preaching at Solomon's Porch in the Second Temple.

Acts 2
Acts 2 is the second chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition asserted that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. This chapter records the events on the day of Pentecost, about 10 days after the ascension of Jesus Christ.
Fission-fragment rocket
The fission-fragment rocket is a rocket engine design that directly harnesses hot nuclear fission products for thrust, as opposed to using a separate fluid as working mass. The design can, in theory, produce very high specific impulse while still being well within the abilities of current technologies.

George Chapline Jr.
George Frederick Chapline Jr. (born May 6, 1942) is an American theoretical physicist, based at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. His most recent interests have mainly been in quantum information theory, condensed matter, and quantum gravity. In 2003 he received the Computing Anticipatory Systems award for a new interpretation of quantum mechanics based on the similarity of quantum mechanics and Helmholtz machines. He was awarded the E. O. Lawrence Award in 1982 by the United States Department of Energy for leading the team that first demonstrated a working X-ray laser.
Battle of Hexham
The Battle of Hexham, 15 May 1464, marked the end of significant Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV.

The battle was fought near the town of Hexham in Northumberland. John Neville, later to be 1st Marquess of Montagu, led a modest force of 3,000-4,000 men, and routed the rebel Lancastrians. Most of the rebel leaders were captured and executed, including Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, and Lord Hungerford. Henry VI, however, was kept safely away (having been captured in battle three times earlier), and escaped to the north.

With their leadership gone, only a few castles remained in rebel hands. After these fell later in the year, Edward IV was not seriously challenged until the Earl of Warwick changed his allegiance from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause in 1469.

Hexham
Hexham (/ˈhɛksəm/ HEKS-əm) is a market town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, on the south bank of the River Tyne, formed by the confluence of the North Tyne and the South Tyne at Warden nearby, and close to Hadrian's Wall. Hexham was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district from 1974 to 2009. In 2011, it had a population of 13,097.

Smaller towns and villages around Hexham include Corbridge, Riding Mill, Stocksfield and Wylam to the east, Acomb and Bellingham to the north, Allendale to the south and Haydon Bridge, Bardon Mill and Haltwhistle to the west. Newcastle upon Tyne is 25 miles (40 km) to the east and Carlisle 37 miles (60 km) to the west.
Suramadu Bridge
The Suramadu Bridge (Indonesian: Jembatan Suramadu, Javanese: Kreteg Suramadu, Madurese: Tètè Suramadu; from the abbreviation of Surabaya–Madura Bridge) is a cable-stayed bridge between Surabaya on the island of Java and southern Bangkalan Regency on the island of Madura in Indonesia.  Opened in June 2009, the 5.4-kilometre-long (3.4 mi) bridge is the longest in Indonesia and the second-longest in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the first bridge to cross the Madura Strait.

The cable-stayed portion has three spans with lengths 192 metres (630 ft), 434 metres (1,424 ft), and 192 metres (630 ft).  The bridge has two lanes, an emergency lane, and a dedicated lane for motorcycles in each direction.

Madura
Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island has an area of about 4,471.05 square kilometres (1,726.28 mi2), but administratively Madura comprises an area of around 5,408.45 square kilometres (2,088.21 mi2) due to the inclusion of various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are part of Madura's easternmost Sumenep Regency. Madura is part of the province of East Java. It is separated from Java by the narrow Madura Strait. The administered area had a density of 773 people per km2 (2,003 per sq. mile) in mid-2024, while the main island had a somewhat higher figure of 862.3 per km2 (2,233 per sq. mile).
Modoc traditional narratives
Modoc traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Modoc and Klamath people of northern California and southern Oregon.

Modoc oral literature is representative of the Plateau region, but with influences from the Northwest Coast, the Great Basin, and central California. Of particular interest are accounts supposedly describing the volcanic origin of Crater Lake in Oregon. (See also Traditional narratives (Native California).)

Modoc people
The Modoc are an Indigenous American people who historically lived in the area which is now northeastern California and central Southern Oregon. Currently, they include two federally recognized tribes, the Klamath Tribes in Oregon and the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma, now known as the Modoc Nation.
Nephila pilipes
Nephila pilipes (northern golden orb weaver or giant golden orb weaver) is a species of golden orb-web spider. It resides all over countries in East and Southeast Asia as well as Oceania. It is commonly found in primary and secondary forests and gardens. Adult females are very large, with a body length of 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2 inches). Males are dwarfs, measuring only 4 to 6 mm (about 0.2 inch).  It is the second largest of the orb-weaving spiders apart from the recently discovered Nephila komaci. The first, second, and fourth pairs of legs of juvenile females have dense hairy brushes, but these brushes disappear as the spider matures.

The N. pilipes golden web is vertical with a fine irregular mesh. It is not symmetrical, with the hub usually nearer the top. Rather than egg sacs being hung in the web, a pit is dug which is then covered with plant debris or soil.

Nephila
Nephila is a genus of araneomorph spiders noted for the impressive webs they weave. Nephila consists of numerous species found in warmer regions around the world, although some species formerly included in the genus have been moved to Trichonephila. They are commonly called golden silk orb-weavers, golden orb-weavers, giant wood spiders, or banana spiders.
Barmbek-Nord
Barmbek-Nord (German pronunciation: [ˈbaʁmbeːk ˈnɔʁt] ⓘ, lit. 'Barmbek-North') is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Hamburg-Nord. It is located in the east of Hamburg-Nord, approximately five kilometers from Hamburg city center. Barmbek-Nord is a densely built-up area.

Barmbek-Nord borders the quarters of Ohlsdorf, Steilshoop, Bramfeld, Wandsbek, Dulsberg, Barmbek-Süd and Winterhude.

Bramfeld
Bramfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁaːmfɛlt] ⓘ) is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Wandsbek. It is located on the southeastern border of the borough, which lies in the northeastern part of the city. Bramfeld includes the former village of Hellbrook, but consists today out of residential as well as of commercial areas. Around 52,700 inhabitants live in the quarter.