hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shippensburg Historic District
Shippensburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Shippensburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.  The district includes 324 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Shippensburg. Most of the contributing buildings date to the mid- to late-19th century, with a few dated to the mid-18th century.  Residential areas include notable examples of the Late Victorian and Vernacular Georgian styles.  The oldest buildings are log and stone structures and include the Shippen House and Widow Piper's Tavern.  Other notable buildings are the Rippey House, William Brookins House, Steward-Goodhart House, Methodist Church, Lutheran Church, and Presbyterian Church.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Widow Piper's Tavern
Widow Piper's Tavern, also known as the Old Courthouse and Shippensburg Civic Center, is a historic inn and tavern located at Shippensburg in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1735, and is a 2 1/2-story, irregular stone building with a 1-story kitchen wing.  It housed the First Court of General Sessions of the Peace from July 1750 to April 1751. The building was donated to the Civic Club of Shippensburg in the 1930s.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.  It is located in the Shippensburg Historic District.
Avenue de Paris
Avenue de Paris is a seaside, palm-lined street in Beirut, Lebanon.  The avenue, which forms with Avenue General de Gaulle the Corniche Beirut promenade, is popular with rollerbladers, cyclists and joggers.

Avenue General de Gaulle
Avenue Général de Gaulle is a seaside, palm-lined street in Beirut, Lebanon. The avenue, which was named in honor of the French general and president Charles de Gaulle, forms with Avenue de Paris the Corniche Beirut promenade.  The avenue runs north-south along the Mediterranean coast, from the Manara lighthouse where it connects to Avenue de Paris, skirting around the cliffs of Raouché and the Pigeons' Rocks, down to Boulevard Saeb Salam where it connects to Avenue Rafic Hariri at Ramlet al-Baida beach.

The historic Beirut Carlton, which was considered one of the most luxurious hotels in the city in pre-war Beirut, is located on the avenue. A proposal to build on Avenue Général de Gaulle a new 250-room Ritz-Carlton, designed by Chicago-based architects Perkins and Will, was revealed in 2008.

The avenue is also home to the Bain Militaire and the Mövenpick Hotel along with other hotels.
Michael Eather
Michael Eather (born 1963) is a contemporary Australian artist based in Brisbane, who helped found the Campfire Group, a significant cross-cultural artistic collaboration between Indigenous and non-Indigenous artists.

Eather grew up and was educated in Tasmania. Following his graduation from the Tasmanian School of Art, University of Tasmania with a Bachelor of Fine Arts (Sculpture) in 1983, he spent time in the Indigenous community of Maningrida, which became the starting point for decades of inter-cultural artistic collaboration.

in 1996, he established a long-term partnership with well-known Aboriginal artist Kumantje Jagamara (1946–2020).

Kumantje Jagamara
Kumantje Jagamara AM (c.1946 – November 2020), also known as Kumantje Nelson Jagamara, Michael Minjina Nelson Tjakamarra, Michael Nelson Tjakamarra and variations (Kumantye, Jagamarra, Jakamara), was an Aboriginal Australian painter. He was one of the most significant proponents of the Western Desert art movement, an early style of contemporary Indigenous Australian art.
Ireland Strategic Investment Fund
The Ireland Strategic Investment Fund (ISIF; Irish: An Ciste Infheistíochta Straitéisí d’Éirinn), managed and controlled by the National Treasury Management Agency (NTMA), is a sovereign wealth fund of Ireland. Its purpose is to invest the state's capital in order to promote economic activity and employment in Ireland. Its predecessor was the National Pensions Reserve Fund (NPRF).

In 2024, the fund was one of the 50 largest sovereign wealth funds in the world. By the middle of 2025, the fund had assets under management (AUM) of around $28 billion.

National Treasury Management Agency
The National Treasury Management Agency (NTMA; Irish: Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta, GBCN) is the agency that manages the assets and liabilities of the Government of Ireland. It was established on 1 December 1990 to borrow for the Central Fund and manage the national debt. Since then it has been expanded greatly, for example it now manages the National Pensions Reserve Fund and acts as Ireland's agent for the purchase of carbon credits. Following the RTÉ secret payment scandal, the Government of Ireland agreed to add RTÉ to the list of commercial State sector companies subject to the formal oversight of the National Treasury Management Agency (NTMA)’s NewEra unit.

The National Asset Management Agency was established in December 2009 under the aegis of the agency to handle the Irish financial crisis and the deflation of the Irish property bubble.
Miami City Cemetery
The Miami City Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Miami, Florida, United States. It is located at 1800 Northeast 2nd Avenue. It is the only municipal cemetery in Miami-Dade County. On January 4, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Julia Tuttle
Julia DeForest Tuttle (née Sturtevant; January 22, 1849 – September 14, 1898) was an American businesswoman who owned the property upon which Miami, Florida, was built. For her boosterism, she's called the "Mother of Miami." She is the only woman to have founded what would become a major American city.
Jewish Quarter of Třebíč
The Jewish Quarter of Třebíč (Czech: Židovská čtvrť v Třebíči) is a neighborhood and former ghetto in the town of Třebíč, located in western Moravia, Czech Republic. The Jewish Quarter is situated on the north bank of the River Jihlava and is one of the best preserved Jewish quarters in Europe. In 2003, together with the nearby Jewish Cemetery and the St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč, the Jewish Quarter was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, because of its testimony to the exchange of cultures and values in the region. As of 2013, it was the only Jewish monument outside Israel on the World Heritage List.

Jewish quarter (diaspora)
In the Jewish diaspora, a Jewish quarter (also known as jewry, juiverie, Judengasse, Jewynstreet, Jewtown, Judería or proto-ghetto) is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe, were often the outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding Christian or Muslim authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood is "Di yiddishe gas" (Yiddish: די ייִדישע גאַס ), or "The Jewish quarter." While in Ladino, they are known as maalé yahudí, meaning "The Jewish quarter".

Many European and Near Eastern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter and some still have it. The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c. 586 BC. Iraqi Jews constitute one of the world's oldest and most historically significant Jewish communities.
Pico de São Tomé
Pico de São Tomé is the highest mountain in São Tomé and Príncipe at 2,024 m (6,640 ft) elevation. It lies just west of the centre of São Tomé Island, in the Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé and in the Lembá District. The second highest point, Pico de Ana Chaves (1,630 m [5,348 ft]), lies about 3 km (1.9 mi) to its south east. The town Santa Catarina is 8 km (5.0 mi) to the west.

São Tomé (island)
São Tomé, at 854 km2 (330 sq mi), is the largest island of São Tomé and Príncipe and is home in May 2018 to about 193,380 or 96% of the nation's population. The island is divided into six districts. It is located 2 km (1¼ miles) north of the equator.
Edward Moore (Archdeacon of Emly)
Edward Moore, D.D. (1714–1788) was an Irish Anglican priest.

Moore was born at Mooresfort in County Tipperary, son of Edward Moore senior, and was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He had at least one sister Elizabeth, who married as his second wife John Lysaght, 1st Baron Lisle and had issue. He was Archdeacon of Emly from 1782 until 1788.

He married Ellen Dobson and had at least three daughters: Ellen, who married William Pennefather of Darling Hill, Tipperary, MP for Cashel, Mary, who married William's cousin Thomas Pennefather of Marlow, and Dorothea (died 1814), who married Denis George, Recorder of Dublin, and later one of the Barons of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland).

Denis George
Denis George (c.1751 – 1821) was an Irish barrister and judge who held office as Recorder of Dublin, and then as Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland). He enjoyed a high reputation among his contemporaries for integrity and benevolence.
Supercharge
In theoretical physics, a supercharge is a generator of supersymmetry transformations. It is an example of the general notion of a charge in physics.

Supercharge, denoted by the symbol Q, is an operator which transforms bosons into fermions, and vice versa.  Since the supercharge operator changes a particle with spin one-half to a particle with spin one or zero, the supercharge itself is a spinor that carries one half unit of spin.

Depending on the context, supercharges may also be called Grassmann variables or Grassmann directions; they are generators of the exterior algebra of anti-commuting numbers, the Grassmann numbers. All these various usages are essentially synonymous; they refer to the  grading between bosons and fermions, or equivalently, the grading between c-numbers and a-numbers.  Calling it a charge emphasizes the notion of a symmetry at work.

Grassmann number
In mathematical physics, a Grassmann number, named after Hermann Grassmann (also called an anticommuting number or supernumber), is an element of the exterior algebra of a complex vector space. The special case of a 1-dimensional algebra is known as a dual number. Grassmann numbers saw an early use in physics to express a path integral representation for fermionic fields, although they are now widely used as a foundation for superspace, on which supersymmetry is constructed.
Chufut-Kale
Chufut-Kale (Crimean Tatar: Çufut Qale, pronounced [tʃuˈfut qaˈle]; Russian and Ukrainian: Чуфут-Кале; Karaim: Кала, קלעה, romanized: Kala) is a medieval city-fortress in the Crimean Mountains that now lies in ruins. It is a national monument of Crimean Karaites culture just 3 km (1.9 mi) east of Bakhchysarai.

Its name is Crimean Tatar and Turkish for "Jewish Fortress" (çufut/çıfıt - Jew, qale/kale - fortress), while Crimean Karaites refer to it simply as "Fortress", considering the place as a historical center for the Crimean Karaite community. In the Middle Ages the fortress was known as Qırq Yer (Place of Forty) and as Karaites to which sect the greater part of its inhabitants belong, Sela' ha-Yehudim  (Hebrew for 'Rock of the Jews').

Kenesa
A kenesa (Karaim: כְּנִיסָא, romanized: kǝnîsāʾ) is an Eastern European or Persian Karaite synagogue.

Kenesas are similar to Rabbinical synagogues. In Eastern Europe, they are laid out along north-south axis (facing Jerusalem). Starting from the northern entrance, a kenesa contains:

Vestibule (azar), where worshipers take off their shoes. Shoes are not permitted anywhere further.

Moshav Zeqenim (מושב זקנים, old men's pews): wooden benches for the old and the mourners, usually under a low ceiling. The loft above this ceiling is reserved for the women, who remain invisible to the men on the main floor.

Shulḥan (Hebrew: שולחן "table"): the main hall. Traditional Karaite worship was performed on the knees. In the past, kenesa floors were carpeted; modern kenesas have pews in the main hall.

Hekhal, or altar (היכל): raised stand for the ritual Ark and the priest.

Some kenesas also have a rood screen.
Differential Manchester encoding
Differential Manchester encoding  (DM) is a line code in digital frequency modulation in which data and clock signals are combined to form a single two-level self-synchronizing data stream. Each data bit is encoded by the presence or absence of a signal level transition in the middle of the bit period, followed by the mandatory level transition at the beginning. The code is insensitive to an inversion of polarity. In various specific applications, this method is also called by various other names, including biphase mark code (BMC), F2F (frequency/double frequency), Aiken biphase, and conditioned diphase.

Differential coding
In digital communications, differential coding is a technique used to provide unambiguous signal reception when using some types of modulation. It makes transmissible data dependent on both the current and previous signal (or symbol) states.

The common types of modulation that may be used with differential coding include phase-shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation.
Jonathan Dayton High School
Jonathan Dayton High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in Springfield Township, in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The school is part of the Springfield Public Schools and is named after Jonathan Dayton, a signer of the United States Constitution. The school is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 654 students and 47.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.8:1. There were 105 students (16.1% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 24 (3.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Springfield Public Schools (New Jersey)
The Springfield Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Springfield Township, in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprising five schools, had an enrollment of 2,236 students and 168.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.3:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "GH", the third-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Odder Line
The Odder Line (Danish: Odderbanen), also known formerly as the Hads-Ning Herreders Jernbane (HHJ), is a 26.5 km (16.5 mi) long standard-gauge single-track light-rail line which connects the city of Aarhus to the town of Odder in the Central Denmark Region. The Odder Line has its own route between Rosenhøj and Odder, and parallels the mainline between Rosenhøj and Aarhus.

The line, first opened in 1884, was originally operated by the HHJ, which merged with the Lemvig Line (VLTJ) in 2008 to form Midtjyske Jernbaner. From 2012 to 2016 services on the line were operated by DSB as part of Aarhus Nærbane (Aarhus Commuter Rail).

The line was rebuilt in 2016–2018 to convert it into an electrified Aarhus Letbane (Aarhus Light Rail) route, operated by Midttrafik, with new tram-trains entering service in August 2018.

Lemvig Line
The Lemvig Line (Danish: Lemvigbanen or Vemb-Lemvig-Thyborøn Jernbane (VLTJ)) is a 57 km (35 mi) long local railway line in Northwest Jutland, Denmark. The railway links the fishing port of Thyborøn and the market town of Lemvig with the Danish railway network.

Established in sections between 1879 and 1899, the standard gauge single track railway line is mostly level. It is currently owned and operated by the regional railway company Midtjyske Jernbaner (MJBA) which runs frequent local train services from Thyborøn and Lemvig stations to Vemb station on the Esbjerg–Struer railway line, with onward connections from Vemb to the rest of Denmark.

The unelectrified railway is operated with a fleet of five double-unit Y-train railcars, but from 2025 battery trains are gradually starting to operate on the Lemvig Line, as the first railway line in Denmark. VLTJ has its own workshop and servicing facilities on the line.
Madison County, New York
Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,016. Its county seat is Wampsville. The county is named after James Madison, the fourth president of the United States, and was first formed in 1806. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Madison County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area, and is home to both the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the National Abolition Hall of Fame and Museum.

Central New York
The central region of New York State includes:

Auburn in Cayuga County

Cortland in Cortland County

Oneida in Madison County

Syracuse, the largest city of Central New York, in Onondaga County

Fulton and Oswego in Oswego County

With a population of about 784,283 as of 2020 and an area of 3,715 square miles (9,620 km2), the region includes the Syracuse metropolitan area.
Lake Miyagase
Lake Miyagase (宮ヶ瀬湖) is a lake within the Aiko District of Kanagawa, Japan, located between Sagamihara and Atsugi. The lake offers views of Tanzawa Mountains, including Mount Hiru. The lake is a man-made reservoir and formed by the Miyagase Dam, and is a source of drinking water for Yokohama and Tokyo.

Miyagase Dam
The Miyagase Dam (宮ヶ瀬ダム, Miyagase damu) is a dam on the Nakatsu River, a main tributary of the Sagami River in Aikō District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It straddles the border between the village of Kiyokawa, town of Aikawa and the former town of Tsukui (now part of the city of Sagamihara).
Arnasco
Arnasco (Ligurian: Arnascho or Arnasco) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region of Liguria, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Savona.

Arnasco borders the following municipalities: Albenga, Castelbianco, Cisano sul Neva, Ortovero, Vendone, and Zuccarello.

Ortovero
Ortovero (Ligurian: Utuê) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Savona.

Ortovero borders the following municipalities: Albenga, Arnasco, Casanova Lerrone, Onzo, Vendone, and Villanova d'Albenga.
Riverside Branch
The Riverside Branch was a 6+1⁄2-mile (10.5 km) double-track branch line, which ran between Riverside Junction in Heaton and Percy Main West Junction in Percy Main.

The line opened in May 1879, later being electrified in 1904, as part of the Tyneside Electrics network. It closed to passengers in stages between April 1954 and July 1973, with freight services continuing in to the late 1980s.

It now forms part of Cycle Route 72 (Hadrian's Cycleway) on the National Cycle Network.

Newcastle and North Shields Railway
The Newcastle and North Shields Railway opened in June 1839 from a temporary terminus in Carliol Square in Newcastle upon Tyne to North Shields. The railway was absorbed by the Newcastle & Berwick Railway in November 1844. The Newcastle & Berwick Railway was itself absorbed by the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway, and this became part of the North Eastern Railway in 1854.

Tynemouth was served from 1847 and Newcastle Central replaced the original station in 1850. In 1882 the station at Tynemouth was replaced by a through station when the line and the former Blyth and Tyne Railway line were linked. The route was electrified in 1904 as part of the Tyneside Electrics programme.
Foostock
The Foostock, also known as the Ruchen, is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Glarus and St. Gallen. It lies north of Piz Sardona, on the range that separates the Sernf Valley from the Weisstannen Valley.

The Foostock lies between two passes that carry hiking trails between the cantons of St. Gallen and Glarus. The Foo Pass lies to the south of the Foostock and carries a trail from Weisstannen in St. Gallen to Elm in Glarus, forming part of the Alpine Pass Route between Sargans to Montreux. The less well known Riseten Pass lies to the north of the Foostock and links Weisstannen with Matt in Glarus.

Riseten Pass
The Riseten Pass (German: Risetenpass) is a mountain pass of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Glarus, at an elevation of 2,189 m (7,182 ft). It crosses the col between the peaks of the Wissgandstöckli and Foostock.

The pass is traversed by a trail, which connects the village of Weisstannen, in the canton of St. Gallen at an elevation of 1,004 m (3,294 ft), with the valley of the Krauch stream and thence with the village of Matt, in the canton of Glarus at an elevation of 831 m (2,726 ft).
El Charro Café
El Charro Café is a historic three-location Mexican restaurant based in Tucson, Arizona. It has been owned by the Flores family since its establishment in 1922, making it the oldest Mexican restaurant owned by the same family in the United States. It is also one of the oldest Mexican restaurants in the United States. A charro is a type of Mexican horseman.

Chimichanga
A chimichanga (/ˌtʃɪmɪˈtʃæŋɡə/ CHIM-ih-CHANG-gə, Spanish: [tʃimiˈtʃaŋɡa]) is a deep-fried burrito that is common in Tex-Mex and other Southwestern U.S. cuisine. The dish is typically prepared by filling a flour tortilla with various ingredients, most commonly rice, cheese, beans, and a meat, such as machaca (chopped or shredded meat), carne adobada (marinated meat), carne seca (dried beef), or shredded chicken, and folding it into a rectangular package. It is then deep-fried, and can be accompanied by salsa, guacamole, or sour cream.
Cadhay
Cadhay is an historic estate in the parish of Ottery St Mary in Devon, England, 10 miles (16 km) east of Exeter and 5 miles (8 km) from the sea at Sidmouth. The mansion house known as Cadhay House, 1 mile (2 km) north-west of Ottery St Mary village, is a grade I listed Elizabethan building.

Ottery St Mary
Ottery St Mary, known as "Ottery", is a town and civil parish in the East Devon district of Devon, England, on the River Otter, about 10 miles (16 km) east of Exeter on the B3174. At the 2001 census, the parish, which includes the villages of Metcombe, Fairmile, Alfington, Tipton St John, Wiggaton, and (until 2017) West Hill, had a population of 7,692. The population of the urban area alone at the 2011 census was 4,898. In 2021 the parish had a population of 7,986.

There are two electoral wards in Ottery (Rural and Town). The total population of both wards, including the adjacent civil parish of Aylesbeare, at the 2011 census was 9,022.

Ottery is home to a number of independent, local businesses which are situated on Mill Street, Silver Street and Yonder Street. An area known as 'The Square' is at the centre of the town. Ottery is a hub for local trade providing goods and services for residents and visitors alike.