hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joshua Jebb
Sir Joshua Jebb, KCB (8 May 1793 – 26 June 1863) was a British officer of the Royal Engineers who participated in the Battle of Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain during the War of 1812, He became Surveyor-General of convict prisons. By 1850, Pentonville Prison which he had designed had become a template for prison construction across the British Empire. Michael Ignatieff described Pentonville as "the culmination of a history of efforts to devise a perfectly rational and reformative mode of imprisonment".

Jebb was also involved in designing Woking Convict Invalid Prison, Broadmoor Hospital, a secure mental hospital in Crowthorne in Berkshire, and Mountjoy Prison in the centre of Dublin.

Woking Convict Invalid Prison
Woking Convict Invalid Prison was constructed in mid-19th-century England, primarily to hold male invalid convicts who previously had been billeted on hulks and had been moved to the temporary invalid prison at Lewes.  The concept of a prison specifically for invalids was seen as progressive at the time.

It opened its doors to the first prisoner, William Strahan, in April 1859 and formally received the first tranche of invalid prisoners in March 1860. The prison closed in 1889 due to a decline in the number of invalid prisoners.
Listed buildings in Whittington, Lancashire
Whittington is a civil parish in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It contains 39 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.  Of these, three are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Whittington, Docker and Newton, and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are country houses with associated structures, smaller houses, and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings include a church with a sundial in the churchyard, buildings on a  model farm, three milestones, a boundary stone, and a former school.

Whittington, Lancashire
Whittington is a small village and civil parish in Lancashire, England. It is in the Upper Lune Valley ward of Lancaster City Council and the Lancaster Rural East division of Lancashire County Council.

Whittington forms part of a cluster of sites along the Lune valley, each with evidence of a motte – as with Melling and Arkholme. This is the densest distribution of Norman castles outside the Welsh border countryside.

St Michael's Church dates from the 13th century.

Whittington Hall is a large 5-acre (20,000 m2) estate surrounding a grand hall with many outbuildings. It was rebuilt in 1840, by Thomas Greene, M.P. for Lancaster.
Vichada River
The Vichada River (Spanish: Río Vichada, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o βiˈ tʃaða]) is a blackwater river in  Colombia, South America. It flows into the Orinoco River.

The eastward course of the Vichada is offset by an impact structure, called the Vichada Structure.  The structure is most likely the largest impact structure in South America.

Vichada Structure
The Vichada Structure is a probable impact structure along the Vichada River in Colombia (Vichada Department), South America.  It is most likely the largest impact structure in South America.

4°30′N 69°15′W﻿ / ﻿4.500°N 69.250°W﻿ / 4.500; -69.250﻿ (Vichada)

The structure was discovered in 2004 by Max Rocca, a geologist in Buenos Aires, by examining Landsat imagery.  He was supported by a grant from the Planetary Society.  The structure consists of a central flat depression surrounded by two concentric rings of hills of approximately 30 and 50 km diameter.  The Vichada River anomalously flows around the outer ring of hills.  An international team of scientists collected aerial gravity data over the 50 km wide structure and discovered a positive free-air anomaly at the center of the structure, supporting its interpretation as an impact structure.
Ardmore, Barra
Ardmhor (Scottish Gaelic: Àird Mhòr) is a small village in the north east of the Isle of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland.

In 2002 a small ferry port was built in the village to serve a new ferry link between Barra and Eriskay as part of the Sound of Barra Integrated Transport Project.  The ferry service started in spring 2003.  A causeway had previously been built linking Eriskay to South Uist. The daily service on the MV Loch Alainn has frequent sailings; the crossing takes approximately 40 minutes. Since 2016, when the Oban–Lochboisdale service ceased, it is the only ferry between Barra and South Uist.

Note that the correct location for the port is as follows, rather than at Aird Mhidhinis as shown on some printed Ordnance Survey maps.

Ardmhor - Eriskay ferry.

Ardmhor jetty and breakwater

MV Loch Alainn
MV Loch Alainn (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Àlainn) is a Caledonian Maritime Assets Limited ferry built in 1997 and operated by Caledonian MacBrayne. Berthing problems on her intended route at Fishnish meant she began a decade of service at Largs. Since 2007, she has operated across the Sound of Barra.
Hanover, Illinois
Hanover is a village in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States, along the Apple River. The town was previously named Wapello, in honor of Chief Wapello of the Meskwaki tribe. The population was 863 at the 2020 cenus, up from 844 in 2010.

Jo Daviess County, Illinois
Jo Daviess County (/ˈdeɪvɪs/) is the northwesternmost county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 22,035. Its county seat is Galena. Jo Daviess County is part of the Tri-State Area and is located near Dubuque, Iowa and Platteville, Wisconsin. As part of the Driftless Area, Jo Daviess County contains rugged terrain compared to the rest of the state. Within Jo Daviess County lies Charles Mound, the highest natural point in Illinois, as well as eight of the ten highest points in Illinois.
Tommy Briggs
Thomas Henry Briggs (27 November 1923 – 10 February 1984) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre forward. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, and died in Grimsby, Lincolnshire. He still holds a record for scoring seven goals in a single match for Blackburn Rovers against Bristol Rovers.

Briggs started his career at Grimsby Town in 1947. In 1950 he signed for Coventry City but did not settle. He moved on to Birmingham City but did not settle there either, eventually arriving at Blackburn Rovers.  He played 194 games and scored 140 goals for Rovers before returning to Grimsby in 1958.

He joined Glentoran as player-manager in March 1959, led them to runners-up spot in the 1959–60 Irish League, and left by mutual consent in late 1960.

He played and scored for the England B-team against Switzerland B in 1950.

Chesterfield, Derbyshire
Chesterfield is a market and industrial town in the county of Derbyshire, England. It is 24 miles (39 km) north of Derby and 11 miles (18 km) south of Sheffield at the confluence of the Rivers Rother and Hipper. In 2011, the built-up-area subdivision had a population of 88,483, making it the second-largest settlement in Derbyshire, after Derby. The wider Borough of Chesterfield had a population of 103,569 in the 2021 Census. In 2021, the town itself had a population of 76,402.

It has been traced to a transitory Roman fort dated to approximately AD 80-100. The name of the later Anglo-Saxon village comes from the Old English ceaster (Roman fort) and feld (pasture). It has a sizeable street market three days a week. The town sits on an old coalfield, but little visual evidence of mining remains since the closure of the final town centre mine nicknamed “The Green Room”. The main landmark is the crooked spire of the Church of St Mary and All Saints.
Thomas Stevens (cyclist)
Thomas Stevens (24 December 1854 – 24 January 1935) was an English-American citizen. He is regarded as the first person to circle the globe by bicycle. He rode a large-wheeled Ordinary, also known as a penny-farthing, from April 1884 to December 1886. He later searched for Henry Morton Stanley in Africa, investigated the claims of Indian ascetics and became manager of the Garrick Theatre in London.

Circumnavigation
Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.

The first circumnavigation of the Earth was the Magellan Expedition, which sailed from Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Since the rise of commercial aviation in the mid 20th century, circumnavigating Earth is straightforward, usually taking days instead of years. Today, the challenge of circumnavigating Earth has shifted towards human and technological endurance, speed, and less conventional methods.
Cossombrato
Cossombrato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Turin and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Asti. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 493 and an area of 5.3 square kilometres (2.0 sq mi).

Cossombrato borders the following municipalities: Asti, Castell'Alfero, Chiusano d'Asti, Corsione, Montechiaro d'Asti, and Villa San Secondo.

Province of Asti
The province of Asti (Italian: provincia di Asti; Piedmontese: provincia d'Ast) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Asti. To the northwest it borders on the Metropolitan City of Turin; to the southwest it borders on the province of Cuneo. To the east it borders on the province of Alessandria, while in the south it shares a very short border with the Ligurian province of Savona. It has an area of 1,504.5 square kilometres (580.9 sq mi), and, As of 2017, a total population of 215,871.
English ship Portland (1653)
Portland was a 40-gun fourth-rate frigate of the English Royal Navy, originally built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at Wapping, and launched in 1653. By 1677 her armament had been increased to 48 guns. She took part in the Battle of Bantry Bay in 1689, when her Irish-born captain George Aylmer was killed in action.

Portland was burnt in 1692 to prevent her from being captured.

George Aylmer
George Aylmer was an Irish officer of the Royal Navy during the seventeenth century.

Aylmer was born in Ireland, the son of Sir Christopher Aylmer, 1st Baronet of County Meath. His father and mother were part of the Old English community. He was the younger brother of Matthew Aylmer, 1st Baron Aylmer, who went on to become an admiral.

During the Nine Years' War, Aylmer was appointed to command the 50-gun ship of the line HMS Portland. He was killed in action against the French during the Battle of Bantry Bay on 11 May 1689.
Anxious People (TV series)
Anxious People (Swedish: Folk med ångest) is a 2021 Swedish comedy drama television series directed by Felix Herngren and based on the novel of the same name by Fredrik Backman. It stars Leif Andrée, Marika Lagercrantz, Per Andersson, Lottie Ejebrant, and Anna Granath.

Anxious People
Anxious People (original title in Swedish: Folk med ångest) is a novel by Swedish writer Fredrik Backman published by Forum in 2019. The novel was published in English in 2021.

It was adapted into a Netflix television series of the same name, which premiered on 29 December 2021.
Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Mohyliv-Podilskyi (Ukrainian: Могилів-Подільський, IPA: [moɦɪˈl⁽ʲ⁾iu̯ poˈd⁽ʲ⁾ilʲsʲkɪj] ⓘ) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion within the oblast. It is located in the historic region of Podolia, on the border with Bessarabia, Moldova, along the left bank of the Dniester River. On the opposite side of the river lies the Moldovan town of Otaci, and the two municipalities are connected to each other by a bridge. Population: 29,925 (2022 estimate).

Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion
Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion (Ukrainian: Могилів-Подільський район) is one of the six raions (districts) of Vinnytsia Oblast, located in southwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Mohyliv-Podilskyi. Population: 139,828 (2022 estimate).
Bharat Karnad
Bharat Karnad is an emeritus professor in National Security Studies at the Centre for Policy Research, Delhi and a national security expert. He is the author of India's Nuclear Policy (Praeger, 2008), Nuclear Weapons and Indian Security: The Realist Foundations of Strategy (Macmillan India, 2002, 2005) and author-editor of Future Imperilled: India's Security in the 1990s and Beyond (Viking-Penguin India, 1994).

Centre for Policy Research
The Centre for Policy Research (CPR) is an Indian think tank focusing on public policy. Established in 1973 and located in New Delhi, it is one of the national social science research institutes recognized by the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR).

The objectives of CPR are to develop substantive policy options on matters relevant to the Indian polity, economy and society; to provide advisory services to governments, public bodies and other institutions; and to disseminate information on policy issues through various channels. The governing board of CPR consists of various public figures from Indian government, academia, and industry.
Sedes Sapientiae, Leuven
The Sedes Sapientiae (Latin for "Seat of Wisdom", one of the medieval titles of the Virgin), also known as Our Lady of Leuven, is a medieval wooden statue of the Virgin Mary located at St Peter's Church in Leuven, Belgium. It was carved in 1442 by Nicolaas De Bruyne as an enlarged copy of an earlier statue from the 13th century. The polychromy was done by Roelof van Velpen. It was restored in 1842 and 1945. A longstanding local landmark, the statue was depicted on the seals of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and UCLouvain.

Seat of Wisdom
Seat of Wisdom  or Throne of Wisdom (Latin: sedes sapientiae) is one of many devotional titles for Mary in Roman Catholic tradition. In Seat of Wisdom icons and sculptures, Mary is seated on a throne with the Christ Child on her lap. For the more domestic and intimate iconic representations of Mary with the infant Jesus on her lap, see Madonna and Child. The Roman Catholic Church honors Mary, Seat of Wisdom, with a feast day on June 8.

The title and the imagery associated with it are occasionally also found in Protestant tradition; for example Merton College, Oxford commissioned a statue of "Our Lady, Seat of Wisdom" for its chapel in 2014.
Fuxing District, Taoyuan
Fuxing District (Atayal: Pyasan; Chinese: 復興區; pinyin: Fùxīng Qū), formerly known as Fuxing Township or Fu-Hsing Township (Chinese: 復興鄉; Hanyu Pinyin: Fùxīng Xiāng; Tongyong Pinyin: Fùsing Siang; Wade–Giles: Fu4-hsing1 Hsiang1) is a mountain indigenous district in eastern Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The main population is the Atayal people of the Taiwanese aborigines. Lala Mountain (拉拉山) is a major feature of Fuxing, and the Shimen Reservoir, formed by Shimen Dam, is a popular nearby site. Fuxing District is, by area, the largest district in Taoyuan City.

District (Taiwan)
Districts are administrative subdivisions of Taiwan's special municipalities of the second level and provincial cities of the third level formerly under its provinces. There are two types of district in the administrative scheme:

Ordinary districts are governed directly by the municipality/city government, with district administrators appointed by mayors to four-year terms. The mountain indigenous district is a local government body with elected district chiefs as well as district council serving four-year terms.
The Phantom Carriage (1939 film)
The Phantom Carriage or The Phantom Wagon (French: La charrette fantôme) is a 1939 French drama film directed by Julien Duvivier and starring Pierre Fresnay, Marie Bell and Micheline Francey. It is based on the novel Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! by Selma Lagerlöf, which had previously been adapted into the 1921 Swedish silent film The Phantom Carriage by Victor Sjöström.

It was shot at the Neuilly Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jacques Krauss. It was due to be screened at the first Cannes Film Festival scheduled for September 1939, but cancelled due to the outbreak of the Second World War.

Julien Duvivier
Julien Duvivier (French: [ʒyljɛ̃ dyvivje]; 8 October 1896 – 29 October 1967) was a French film director and screenwriter. He was prominent in French cinema in the years 1930–1960. Amongst his most original films, chiefly notable are La Bandera, Pépé le Moko, Little World of Don Camillo, Panic (Panique), Deadlier Than the Male and Marianne de ma jeunesse.

Jean Renoir called him, a "great technician, [a] rigorist, a poet".
Reinventing the wheel
To reinvent the wheel is to attempt to duplicate—most likely with inferior results—a basic method that has already previously been created or optimized by others.  The inspiration for this idiomatic metaphor is that the wheel is an ancient archetype of human ingenuity (one so profound that it continues to underlie much of modern technology).  As it has already been invented and is not considered to have any inherent flaws, an attempt to reinvent it would add no value to it and be a waste of time, diverting the investigator's resources from possibly more worthy goals.

Wheel
A wheel is a rotating component (typically circular in shape) intended to turn on an axle bearing. The wheel is one of the key components of the wheel and axle which is one of the six simple machines. Wheels, in conjunction with axles, allow heavy objects to be moved easily facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a load, or performing labor in machines. Wheels are also used for other purposes, such as a ship's wheel, steering wheel, potter's wheel, and flywheel.

Common examples can be found in transport applications. A wheel reduces friction by facilitating motion by rolling together with the use of axles. In order for a wheel to rotate, a moment must be applied to the wheel about its axis, either by gravity or by the application of another external force or torque.
Richard Roxburgh
Richard Roxburgh (born 23 January 1962) is an Australian actor and filmmaker. He is the recipient of a number of accolades across film, television, and theatre, including several AFI and AACTA Awards, Logie Awards, and Helpmann Awards.

He began his career working with the Sydney Theatre Company. He went on to appear in Australian and international productions such as Baz Luhrmann's films Moulin Rouge! (2001) and Elvis (2022), the ABC series Rake (2010–2018), and the action films Mission: Impossible 2 (2000), The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003), and Van Helsing (2004).

Count Dracula
Count Dracula (/ˈdrækjʊlə, -jə-/) is the title character and main antagonist of Bram Stoker's gothic horror novel Dracula (1897). He is considered the prototypical and archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. Aspects of the character are believed by some to have been inspired by the 15th-century Wallachian prince Vlad the Impaler, who was also known as Vlad Dracula, and by Sir Henry Irving and Jacques Damala, actors with aristocratic backgrounds that Stoker had met during his life. Count Dracula is one of the best-known fictional figures of the Victorian era.

One of Dracula's most famous powers is his ability to turn others into vampires by biting them and infecting them with the vampiric disease. Other characteristics have been added or altered in subsequent popular fictional works, including books, films, cartoons, and video games.
Kuantan District
The Kuantan District is a district in Pahang, Malaysia. Located in the north-east of Pahang, the district bordered Kemaman District
of Terengganu on the north, South China Sea on the east, Jerantut District and Maran District on the west and Pekan District on the south.

The major towns in the district are Kuantan and Bandar Indera Mahkota. Panching, Sungai Lembing, Gambang and Beserah also located here.

Maran District
The Maran District is a district in Pahang, Malaysia. Bera district is founded at 1981. Located in the centre of Pahang, the district is surrounded by Kuantan District, Pekan District, Rompin District, Bera District, Temerloh District and Jerantut District clockwisely.
Electromod
An electromod is a vehicle that has been restored and modified by converting its drivetrain to operate as an electric vehicle (EV). The term is a portmanteau of electrification and restomod, itself a portmanteau of restoration and modification, a process which traditionally has been associated with classic cars. Most electromods are one-off custom vehicles performed by specialty repair shops and hobbyists, but starting in the late 2010s, automobile manufacturers have been building their own electromods, sometimes with the assistance of specialty shops, to publicize their shift to battery electric powertrains and to build interest in crate engine EV drivetrain products.

Ioniq
Ioniq (stylized in all caps) is an automotive sub-brand and a division of Hyundai Motor Company with headquarters in Seoul, South Korea. The sub-brand was established in 2020 as a sub-brand for Hyundai's electric vehicle line-up. The sub-brand is slated to aid Hyundai to achieve a targeted 1 million electric vehicle sales annually by 2025, with the Ioniq brand projected to contribute 560,000 of those sales.
Kavindu Ridmal
Kavindu Ridmal Wijetunga Arachchi (born 10 May 2000) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. He made his List A debut on 24 March 2021, for Ace Capital Cricket Club in the 2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.

2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament
The 2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament was a List A cricket competition that took place in Sri Lanka. It ran from 24 March to 11 April 2021, with twenty-six teams taking part. Chilaw Marians Cricket Club were the defending champions, winning the 2019–20 Invitation Limited Over Tournament.

On 28 March 2021, in the Group A match between Sri Lanka Army Sports Club and Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club, Army Sports Club's captain Thisara Perera hit six sixes in one over off the bowling of Dilhan Cooray. Perera became the first Sri Lankan to achieve this in a domestic cricket match, and he also scored the second-fastest fifty in List A cricket.

Nondescripts Cricket Club and Ragama Cricket Club won their respective semi-final matches to advance to the final, with Nondescripts winning the match by 145 runs.
1921 Sopron plebiscite
The Sopron area plebiscite took place on 14–16 December 1921. In the plebiscite, the residents of an area of 257 km2, comprising Sopron and eight surrounding settlements, voted on whether to remain in Hungary or to join Austria. After World War I, that was the only plebiscite concerning disputed borders on territory of the former Kingdom of Hungary that was permitted by the Entente.

First Austrian Republic
The First Austrian Republic (German: Erste Österreichische Republik), officially the Republic of Austria, was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria—and ended with the establishment of the authoritarian Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland Front in 1934. The Republic's constitution was enacted on 1 October 1920 and amended on 7 December 1929. The republican period was increasingly marked by violent strife between those with left-wing and right-wing views, leading to the July Revolt of 1927 and the Austrian Civil War of 1934.