hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Punjabi Market, Vancouver
The Punjabi Market, also known as Little India, is a commercial district and ethnic enclave in Vancouver, British Columbia. Officially recognized by the city as being primarily a major South Asian, Indo-Canadian and Punjabi population business community and cultural area, the Punjabi District is roughly a six block section of Main Street around 49th Avenue in the Sunset neighbourhood.

The Market marked its 50th anniversary on May 31, 2020, virtually due to the COVID pandemic.

Punjabi Canadians
Punjabi Canadians are Canadian citizens of Punjabi descent, numbering approximately 950,000 and accounting for roughly 2.6% of Canada's population, as per the 2021 Canadian census. Their heritage originates wholly or partly from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.

Punjabis first arrived in Canada during the late 19th century to work in the forestry industry. Primarily concentrated in the western province of British Columbia, the Punjabi population initially peaked in 1908 before an ensuing period of population decline and stagnation followed. In the mid 20th century Canadian immigration laws were relaxed, fostering rapid population growth into the present day.

Today, the largest Punjabi communities in Canada are situated in the province of British Columbia, concentrated in Vancouver, and the province of Ontario, particularly in Toronto.
Orlando Bonsignori
Orlando Bonsignori (died 1273) was an Italian banker from Siena.

He was the son of Bonsignore di Bernardo, a minor merchant, but Orlando, together with his brother Bonifazio, expanded the family fortunes until in the 1230 he was among the largest  Sienese taxpayers.  Friendship with Pope Innocent IV led to the Bonsignori acting as his agents and bankers.

In 1255, after Bonifazio's death, Orlando formed a consortium called the Gran Tavola ("Great Table"), which soon became the most powerful bank in Europe.  It became the exclusive banker for the deposits of the income of the Papal States and, under Pope Clement IV, the ecclesiastical tithes for the Holy Land. The Gran Tavola supported Charles of Anjou in his conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily, and benefited greatly from his victory over the Hohenstaufen.

Orlando Bonsignori died in 1273. After his death the Gran Tavola soon declined and eventually went bankrupt in the early 14th century.

Gran Tavola
During the Middle Ages, the Gran Tavola (Italian for "Great Table") was the largest Sienese bank; it was one of the most powerful banks in Europe from 1255 to 1298. The Gran Tavola has been called "the greatest bank of the thirteenth century" as well as "one of the largest commercial and banking enterprises in Europe".

The main branches of the Gran Tavola during the mid-thirteenth century were in Pisa, Bologna, Genoa, Marseille, and Paris.
Miss Tennessee
The Miss Tennessee competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Tennessee in the Miss America Scholarship Competition.

Zoe Scheiderich Nashville was crowned Miss Tennessee 2025 on June 14, 2025, at the Fisher Center for the Performing Arts at Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026, placing in the Top 11 and earning a Preliminary Fitness Award.

Miss America 1987
Miss America 1987, the 60th Anniversary Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 13, 1986 on NBC Network.

Although an entry representing the city of Memphis had been victorious in the pageant of 1947, Kellye Cash became the first woman with the title Miss Tennessee to win the crown. She is a great-niece of the singer Johnny Cash.  Third place finisher Dawn Elizabeth Smith is the sister of a murder victim by Larry Gene Bell, who would be executed for killing her sister.
Multatuli
Eduard Douwes Dekker (2 March 1820 – 19 February 1887), better known by his pen name Multatuli (from Latin multa tulī, "I have suffered much"), was a Dutch writer best known for his satirical novel Max Havelaar (1860), which denounced the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia). He is considered one of the Netherlands' greatest authors.

Lebak Regency
Lebak Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Lebak; pronounced [kabuˌpat̪ɛn ləˈbak̚]) is a regency of Banten province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Java. The regency has an area of 3,481.35 km2 and had a population of 1,204,095 at the 2010 census and 1,386,793 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,480,593. The town of Rangkasbitung in the north of the regency is the administrative centre. The regency is bordered by the Pandeglang Regency to the west, the Serang Regency to the north, and the Tangerang Regency to the north-east, by the Bogor and Sukabumi regencies (both in West Java Province) to the east, and by the Indian Ocean to the south.
Caldes
Caldes (Caudés or Cjaudés in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,049 and an area of 20.9 square kilometres (8.1 mi2).

The municipality of Caldes contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bozzana, Bordiana, Tozzaga, Cassana, S. Giacomo, and Samoclevo.

Caldes borders the following municipalities: Bresimo, Cis, Malè, Cles, Terzolas, and Cavizzana. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Cavizzana
Cavizzana (Cjaviciana in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 239 and an area of 3.3 square kilometres (1.3 mi2).

Cavizzana borders the following municipalities: Caldes and Cles.
Silang, Cavite
Silang (Tagalog: [ˈsi.lɐŋ]), officially the Municipality of Silang (Filipino: Bayan ng Silang), is a municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 313,145 people. Its land area is 209.43 km2 (80.86 sq mi), making it the largest municipality in Cavite.

It is known for its scenic landscapes and rich cultural heritage. Also renowned for its agricultural produce particularly sweet mangoes, which are regarded as some of the best in the country.

Amadeo, Cavite
Amadeo, officially the Municipality of Amadeo (Tagalog: Bayan ng Amadeo),  is a  municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 44,190 people.
MailSlot
Mailslot is a one-way interprocess communication mechanism, available on the Microsoft Windows operating system that allows communication between processes locally. Up until Window 11 24H2, mailslots also supported communication over a network . The use of Mailslots is generally simpler than named pipes or sockets when a relatively small number of relatively short messages is expected to be transmitted, such as for example infrequent state-change messages, or as part of a peer-discovery protocol. Up until Windows 11 24H2, the Mailslot mechanism also allowed for short message broadcasts ("datagrams") to all listening computers across a given network domain.

Windows Messenger service
Messenger service was a network-based system notification Windows service by Microsoft that was included in some earlier versions of Microsoft Windows.

This retired technology, although it has a similar name, is not related in any way to the later, Internet-based Microsoft Messenger service for instant messaging or to Windows Messenger and Windows Live Messenger (formerly named MSN Messenger) client software.
2020 MEA Rugby League Cup
The 2020 Middle East-Africa Rugby League Cup was a planned international rugby league tournament that would have taken place in October 2020. It was intended to be the third MEA Championship, following the 2015 and 2019 tournaments.

The competition was to be held at the Tuks Stadium in Pretoria, South Africa. The competition would have seen the return of Nigeria and Morocco from the 2019 edition, whilst Lebanon and South Africa who both participated in the 2015 edition were to again feature in the tournament. The Rugby League European Federation (RLEF) has announced that the tournament will continue henceforth on a two-year cycle, with the fourth tournament originally planned for 2022. In June 2020, the tournament was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The next edition of the tournament is to be held in 2022 in Ghana.

2022 MEA Rugby League Championship
The 2022 Middle East-Africa Rugby League Championship was the third MEA Rugby League Championship, following the 2015 and 2019 tournaments, and the cancelled 2020 edition.

The competition was held between 27 September to 2 October 2022 in Ghana. Originally, the competition was going to see the return of the same four teams from the 2019 tournament; Nigeria, Morocco, Cameroon and hosts Ghana. On 23 August 2022, Kenya were named to replace Morocco in the tournament when Morocco were forced to withdraw from the tournament due to governance issues. The winners of the tournament were intended join the next phase of qualification for the 2025 Rugby League World Cup, however the 2025 World Cup ended up being cancelled.
Berel Soloveitchik
Berel (Yosef Dov) Soloveichik (Hebrew: ברל (יוסף דב) סולובייצ'יק; 1915–1981) was a rabbi and the son of Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveichik and one of the leading Rosh Yeshivas ("heads of the yeshiva") of the Brisk yeshivas in Jerusalem. He was a first cousin to Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik, who was named after the Beis HaLevi, like himself. Rabbi Soloveichik was succeeded as Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivas Brisk in Jerusalem by his son Rabbi Avraham Yehoshua Soloveichik.

Joseph B. Soloveitchik
Joseph Ber Soloveitchik (Hebrew: יוסף דב הלוי סולובייצ׳יק Yosef Dov ha-Levi Soloveychik; February 27, 1903 – April 9, 1993) was a major American Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and modern Jewish philosopher. He was a scion of the Lithuanian Jewish Soloveitchik rabbinic dynasty.

As a rosh yeshiva of Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary (RIETS) at Yeshiva University in New York City, The Rav, as he was known, ordained close to 2,000 rabbis over the course of almost half a century. Some Rabbinic literature, such as sefer Shiurei Ha-Grid, refers to him as Ha-Grid (הגרי״ד), an acronym for "The Gaon Rabbi Yosef Dov".

He is regarded as a seminal figure by Modern Orthodox Judaism and served as a guide and role-model for tens of thousands of Jews, both as a Talmudic scholar and as a religious leader.
Trasaghis
Trasaghis (local Friulian: Trasagas) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Udine.

Trasaghis borders the following municipalities: Bordano, Cavazzo Carnico, Forgaria nel Friuli, Gemona del Friuli, Osoppo, Vito d'Asio.

Vito d'Asio
Vito d'Asio (Friulian: Vît) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Pordenone.

It includes the frazioni (boroughs) of Anduins, Casiacco, San Francesco, Pielungo, Battaias, Battain, Brich, Ringans, Carlutz, Castello Ceconi, Cedolins, Cerdevol, Chiaval, Clementins, Dean, Pert, Pian del Ferro, Chiamp, Cosoi, Forno, Giallinars, Gotz, Juris, Carlutz, La Busa, La Val, Ross, Surcins, Toffoi, Michiai, Tinei, Fruinz, Sacoças, Marins, Nandrus, Paveon, Reonis, Selets, Stallon, Valentins, Vallata, Celante di Vito, Zanetz

Vito d'Asio borders the following municipalities: Castelnovo del Friuli, Cavazzo Carnico, Clauzetto, Forgaria nel Friuli, Pinzano al Tagliamento, Preone, Tramonti di Sotto, Trasaghis, Verzegnis.
Chemical kinetics
Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how experimental conditions influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction's mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that also can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction.

Activation energy
In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. The activation energy (Ea) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). Simplified:

Activation energy is the minimum energy barrier that reactant molecules must overcome to transform into products. A reaction occurs only if enough molecules have kinetic energy equal to or greater than this barrier, which usually requires sufficiently high temperature. The term "activation energy" was introduced in 1889 by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius.
Kinston High School (North Carolina)
Kinston High School is a four-year public high school located in Kinston, North Carolina, United States. Kinston High was built in 1970 as an integrated high school to serve the city. The International Baccalaureate program started at Kinston High during the 2003–2004 school year.

In fall 2004, Kinston High School was the first school in Lenoir County to start up a program called Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID). This program began in California and from there it went around the world. Kinston High School graduated the first AVID class of Lenoir County in 2008 with 25 students receiving AVID diplomas.

Kinston, North Carolina
Kinston is a city in Lenoir County, North Carolina, United States, with a population of 19,900 as of the 2020 census. It has been the county seat of Lenoir County since its formation in 1791. Kinston is located in the coastal plains region of eastern North Carolina.

In 2009, Kinston won the All-America City Award. This marks the second time in 21 years the city has won the title.
Federation Hall
Federation Hall is a heritage-listed former meeting hall and theatre and now commercial building that houses the Sydney Futures Exchange located at 24–30 Grosvenor Street in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1889 to 1891, with alterations designed by Scott and Green. It is also known as Exchange Courtyard and Meat Board Building. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.

231 George Street, The Rocks
231 George Street is a heritage-listed commercial office building at 231 George Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1914 to 1915. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.
Miralidae
Miralidae, formerly known as Miralinae and synonymous with Dinglidae, is an extinct family of hemipteran insects belonging to the suborder Sternorrhyncha. Upon its description as Dinglidae, it was found to not belong to any of the major living sternorrhynchan subgroups, and was thought to be a distinct lineage most closely related to whiteflies until a 2025 paper found it to be within Psylloidea. The family contains four genera, all of which are known from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber of Myanmar.

Psylloidea
Psylloidea is a superfamily of true bugs, including the jumping plant lice and others which have recently been classified as distinct families. Though the group first appeared during the Early Jurassic, modern members of the group do not appear until the Eocene, and Mesozoic members of the order are usually assigned to the possibly paraphyletic family Liadopsyllidae.
Conca della Campania
Conca della Campania (Campanian: Cónga Cambania) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Naples and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Caserta.

Conca della Campania borders the following municipalities: Galluccio, Marzano Appio, Mignano Monte Lungo, Presenzano, Roccamonfina, Tora e Piccilli.

Mignano Monte Lungo
Mignano Monte Lungo is a comune (municipality) in the province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Naples and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Caserta.

Mignano Monte Lungo borders the following municipalities: Conca della Campania, Galluccio, Presenzano, Rocca d'Evandro, San Pietro Infine, San Vittore del Lazio, Sesto Campano, Venafro.
Peabody, Massachusetts
Peabody (/ˈpiːbədi/) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 54,481 at the time of the 2020 United States census. Peabody is located in the North Shore region of Massachusetts, and is known for its rich industrial history.

Peabody Veterans Memorial High School
Peabody Veterans Memorial High School (PVMHS), also known as Peabody High School, is a comprehensive and competitive public high school in Peabody, Massachusetts, United States. It is the only comprehensive public high school in the Peabody School District, spanning grades 9–12 in the U.S. education system. It is particularly known for its performing arts program including instrumental and choral ensembles and drama club.
Pino Palladino
Giuseppe Henry "Pino" Palladino (born 17 October 1957) is a Welsh musician, songwriter, and record producer. A session bassist, he has played bass for a number of acts such as the Who, the John Mayer Trio, Gary Numan, Paul Young, Don Henley, David Gilmour, Go West, Tears for Fears, Nine Inch Nails, Jeff Beck, Adele and D'Angelo.

Edie Brickell
Edie Arlisa Brickell (born March 10, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter widely known for 1988's Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars, the debut album by Edie Brickell & New Bohemians, which went to No. 4 on the Billboard albums chart. She is married to singer-songwriter Paul Simon.
Étude Op. 10, No. 4 (Chopin)
Étude Op. 10, No. 4 in C♯ minor is a study for solo piano composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1830. It was first published in 1833 in France, Germany, and England as the fourth piece of his Études Op. 10. This study, a very fast Presto con fuoco, features continuous sixteenth notes (semiquavers), in perpetuum mobile fashion involving both hands.

C-sharp minor
C-sharp minor is a minor scale based on C♯, with the pitches C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, A, and B. Its key signature consists of four sharps.

The C-sharp natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Its relative major is E major. Its parallel major, C-sharp major, is usually written instead as the enharmonic key of D-flat major, since C-sharp major’s key signature with seven sharps is not normally used. Its enharmonic equivalent, D-flat minor, having eight flats including the B, has a similar problem. Therefore, C-sharp minor is often used as the parallel minor for D-flat major. (The same enharmonic situation occurs with the keys of A-flat major and G-sharp minor, and in some cases, with the keys of G-flat major and F-sharp minor, and with the keys of E-flat major and D-sharp minor.)
Semi-active radar homing
Semi-active radar homing (SARH) is a common type of missile guidance system, perhaps the most common type for longer-range air-to-air and surface-to-air missile systems. The name refers to the fact that the missile itself is only a passive detector of a radar signal—provided by an external source via radar illumination—as it reflects off the target (in contrast to active radar homing, which uses an active radar transceiver). Semi-active missile systems use bistatic continuous-wave radar.

The NATO brevity code for a semi-active radar homing missile launch is Fox One.

Active radar homing
Active radar homing (ARH) is a missile guidance method in which a missile contains a radar transceiver (in contrast to semi-active radar homing, which uses only a receiver) and the electronics necessary for it to find and track its target autonomously.

The NATO brevity code for an air-to-air active radar homing missile launch is Fox Three.
Beraunite
Beraunite is an iron phosphate mineral. It was first described by August Breithaupt for an occurrence in Beraun currently in the Czech Republic. Beraunite occurs as a secondary mineral in iron ore deposits, and as an alteration product of primary phosphate minerals in granite pegmatites.

Beraunite crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with point group 2/m. Beraunite's formula is Fe2+ Fe3+5(OH)5(PO4)4·4H2O. Aluminium and zinc may substitute in the structure.

Phosphate mineral
Phosphate minerals are minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate (PO3−4) anion, sometimes with arsenate (AsO3−4) and vanadate (VO3−4) substitutions, along with chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F−), and hydroxide (OH−) anions, that also fit into the crystal structure.

The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.
New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine
The New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine (formerly NYU Long Island School of Medicine) is one of the two medical schools of New York University, the other being NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Both are part of NYU Langone Health. Founded in 2019, the school is located in Mineola village on Long Island, New York.

NYU Langone Hospital – Long Island
NYU Langone Hospital – Long Island is a hospital in Mineola, New York, on Long Island, affiliated with NYU Langone Health.  It founded in 1896 as Long Island's first hospital as Nassau Hospital, and was renamed in 1985 to Winthrop-University Hospital.
2010 CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament
The 2010 CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament (CIT) was a postseason single-elimination tournament of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I teams.

Fifteen of the selected teams were from a pool that are not invited to the 2010 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament or the 2010 National Invitation Tournament. The 16th team was South Dakota, the champion of the 2010 Great West Conference men's basketball tournament.

The tournament began with first-round games March 16–18, 2010.  Quarterfinal action continued on campus sites on March 22, and the tournament concluded with the championship game on March 30.  The Appalachian State–Pacific game was delayed one day to Thursday, March 25, due to Pacific being snowed in at the airport after the Northern Colorado game.

2010 National Invitation Tournament
The 2010 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2010 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. The 73rd annual tournament began on March 16 on campus sites and ended on April 1 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Dayton won their 3rd NIT title (first title since 1968) over North Carolina, 79–68.