hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hahnstätten
Hahnstätten (German pronunciation: [haːnˈʃtɛtn̩]) is a municipality in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the association community of Aar-Einrich. It is situated on the river Aar, approx. 10 km south of Limburg an der Lahn, and 35 km east of Koblenz. In 1949 the conductor Bruno Weil was born here.

Hahnstätten was the seat of the former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Hahnstätten.

There is a large limestone quarry, operated by Schaefer Kalk.

Hahnstätten (Verbandsgemeinde)
Hahnstätten is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat was in Hahnstätten. On 1 July 2019, it was merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Aar-Einrich.

The Verbandsgemeinde Hahnstätten consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Burgschwalbach

Flacht

Hahnstätten

Kaltenholzhausen

Lohrheim

Mudershausen

Netzbach

Niederneisen

Oberneisen

Schiesheim

50°18′00″N 8°04′01″E﻿ / ﻿50.300°N 8.067°E﻿ / 50.300; 8.067
Aiviekste Parish
Aiviekste Parish (Latvian: Aiviekstes pagasts) is an administrative unit of Aizkraukle Municipality, Latvia. The administrative center is Kriškalni. As of 2024, the population of Aiviekste Parish is 539.

Before 2021, the parish had been a part of Daugavpils county, Jēkabpils county, Pļaviņas district, Krustpils district, Aizkraukle district and Pļaviņas Municipality. Latvian law defines Aiviekste Parish as belonging partly to the Vidzeme region and partly to Latgale.

Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.
Horka I
Horka I is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Horka II.

Horka II
Horka II is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Horka I.
Vietnamese National Football Super Cup
Vietnamese National Football Super Cup (Vietnamese: Siêu cúp bóng đá Việt Nam), also called the Thaco National Football Super Cup due to sponsorship reasons, is Vietnamese football's annual match contested between the champions of the previous V.League 1 season and the holders of the Vietnamese Cup. If the V.League 1 champions also won the Vietnamese Cup, then the league runners-up provide the opposition. The fixture was first played in the 1998–99 season.

The current holders are Vietnamese Cup winners Cong An Hanoi, who defeated runner-ups Thep Xanh Nam Dinh 3–2 in the 2025 fixture.

Vietnamese National Football Cup
Vietnamese National Football Cup (Vietnamese: Giải Bóng đá Cúp Quốc Gia Việt Nam), officially stylized as the National Cup (Vietnamese: Cúp Quốc gia), is a Vietnamese football competition. It is one of the most important club competitions in Vietnam.

The Vietnamese Cup was first held in 1992. Cảng Sài Gòn was the first cup winner.
CS Otopeni
Clubul Sportiv Otopeni, commonly known as CS Otopeni, or simply as Otopeni, was a Romanian professional football club from Otopeni, Ilfov County, founded in 2001 and dissolved in 2013. Its greatest performance was that it played for one season in the Liga I in the 2008–09 season.

2007–08 Liga II
The 2007–08 Liga II was the 68th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system. The season began on 25 August 2007 and lasted until 24 May 2008.

The format has been maintained to two series, each of them consisting of 18 teams. At the end of the season, the top two teams of the series promoted to Liga I and the bottom fourth places from both series relegated to Liga III.
2018 NPSL season
The 2018 National Premier Soccer League season was part of the 106th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer in the United States and the 16th season of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL). Elm City Express was the defending champion.

The 2018 NPSL champion qualifies to play for the 2019 Hank Steinbrecher Cup organized by the United States Adult Soccer Association. The NPSL has elected to use results of the 2018 league season to determine which NPSL clubs qualify for the 2019 U.S. Open Cup. The United States Soccer Federation has not yet determined how many berths for the U.S. Open Cup will be awarded to NPSL clubs.

Miami FC 2 defeated FC Motown on the road, 3–1, to win the 2018 NPSL championship. Dylan Mares was named Man of the Match.

FC Motown
FC Motown is an American soccer club based in Morristown, New Jersey. Founded in 2012, the team currently fields teams in both the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) and USL League Two. In 2020, the team formed a U23 side that competes in the EDP 23U league.

The team plays its home games at Drew University's Ranger Stadium and Montclair State University's MSU Soccer Park. Since 2024, the club's NPSL team has been coached by former New York Red Bulls player Dilly Duka.

Motown has one league championship in the franchise history, winning the 2022 National Premier Soccer League National Championship.
Orotidine 5′-monophosphate
Orotidine 5′-monophosphate (OMP), also known as orotidylic acid, is a pyrimidine nucleotide which is the last intermediate in the biosynthesis of uridine monophosphate. OMP is formed from orotate and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate by the enzyme orotate phosphoribosyltransferase.

In humans, the enzyme UMP synthase converts OMP into uridine 5′-monophosphate. If UMP synthase is defective, orotic aciduria can result.

Orotic acid
Orotic acid (/ɔːˈrɒtɪk/) is a pyrimidinedione and a carboxylic acid.  Historically, it was believed to be part of the vitamin B complex and was called vitamin B13, but it is now known that it is not a vitamin.

The compound is synthesized in the body via a mitochondrial enzyme, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase or a cytoplasmic enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis pathway. It is sometimes used as a mineral carrier in some dietary supplements (to increase their bioavailability), most commonly for lithium orotate.
Duffing equation
The Duffing equation (or Duffing oscillator), named after Georg Duffing (1861–1944), is a non-linear second-order differential equation used to model certain damped and driven oscillators. The equation is given by

where the (unknown) function  is the displacement at time t,  is the first derivative of  with respect to time, i.e. velocity, and  is the second time-derivative of  i.e. acceleration. The numbers     and  are given constants.

The equation describes the motion of a damped oscillator with a more complex potential than in simple harmonic motion (which corresponds to the case ); in physical terms, it models, for example, an elastic pendulum whose spring's stiffness does not exactly obey Hooke's law.

The Duffing equation is an example of a dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior. Moreover, the Duffing system presents in the frequency response the jump resonance phenomenon that is a sort of frequency hysteresis behaviour.

Elastic pendulum
In physics and mathematics, in the area of dynamical systems, an elastic pendulum (also called spring pendulum or swinging spring) is a physical system where a piece of mass is connected to a spring so that the resulting motion contains  elements of both a simple pendulum and a one-dimensional spring-mass system. For specific energy values, the system demonstrates all the hallmarks of chaotic behavior and is sensitive to initial conditions. At very low and very high energy, there also appears to be regular motion. The motion of an elastic pendulum is governed by a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. This behavior suggests a complex interplay between energy states and system dynamics.
Cioccolato di Modica
The cioccolato di Modica (Modica chocolate or chocolate of Modica, also known as cioccolata modicana) is an Italian protected geographical indication (PGI) specialty chocolate, typical of the comune (municipality) of Modica, in Sicily, characterized by an ancient and original recipe using manual grinding (rather than conching) which gives the chocolate a peculiar grainy texture and aromatic flavor. As a prodotto agroalimentare tradizionale (PAT), it is a specialty officially recognized by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies. Modica chocolate is made "cold" (a freddo) according to a traditional recipe and is not conched.

Modica
Modica (Italian: [ˈmɔːdika]; Sicilian: Muòrica) is a city and municipality (comune) in the Province of Ragusa, Sicily, southern Italy. The city is situated in the Hyblaean Mountains. It has 53,413 inhabitants.

Modica has neolithic origins and it represents the historical capital of the area which today almost corresponds to the Province of Ragusa. Until the 19th century it was the capital of a County that exercised such a wide political, economical and cultural influence to be counted among the most powerful feuds of the Mezzogiorno.

Rebuilt following the devastating earthquake of 1693, its architecture has been recognised as providing outstanding testimony to the exuberant genius and final flowering of Baroque art in Europe and, along with other towns in the Val di Noto, is part of UNESCO Heritage Sites in Italy.
Melissa Doyle
Melissa Jane Doyle (born 10 February 1970) is an Australian television presenter, author and journalist.

She was previously co-host of the Seven Network's breakfast television program Sunrise from 2002 to 2013 alongside David Koch and host and senior correspondent of Sunday Night.

Doyle is currently host of Weekend Breakfast on Smooth FM.

Seven News
Seven News (stylised 7NEWS) is the television news service of the Seven Network and, as of 2021, the highest-rated show in Australia.

National bulletins are presented from Seven's high definition studios in South Eveleigh, Sydney, while its flagship 6 pm statewide bulletins are produced in studios based in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Tasmania. The network also produces weeknight local news bulletins for regional markets in Queensland, New South Wales (including the ACT), Victoria and Western Australia.

It draws upon the resources of ITN, NBC, CBC, CNN, APTN and Reuters for select international coverage.
Shi Siming
Shi Siming (Chinese: 史思明) (19th day of the 1st month, 703? – 18 April 761), or Shi Sugan (史窣干), was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician during the Tang dynasty who followed his childhood friend An Lushan in rebelling against Tang, and who later succeeded An Lushan's son An Qingxu as emperor of the Yan state that An Lushan established.

Guo Ziyi
Guo Ziyi (Kuo Tzu-i; Traditional Chinese: 郭子儀, Simplified Chinese: 郭子仪, Hanyu Pinyin: Guō Zǐyí, Wade-Giles: Kuo1 Tzu3-i2) (697 – July 9, 781), posthumously Prince Zhōngwǔ of Fényáng (汾陽忠武王), was a Chinese military general and politician who ended the An Lushan rebellion and participated in expeditions against the Uyghur Khaganate and Tibetan Empire. He was regarded as one of the most powerful Tang generals before and after the Anshi Rebellion. After his death he was deified in Chinese folk religion as the God of Wealth and Happiness (Lu Star of Fu Lu Shou). Guo Ziyi is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.
St. Louis Soccer League
The St. Louis Soccer League was a professional soccer league in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1915 With four teams drawn from two amateur leagues, it was at the time the country's only pro soccer league. It folded in 1938.

Stix, Baer and Fuller F.C.
Stix, Baer and Fuller F.C. was a U.S. soccer club which played in the St. Louis Soccer League from 1931 to 1935.  The team was known as Hellrungs from 1929 to 1931, St. Louis Central Breweries F.C. from 1934 to 1935 and St. Louis Shamrocks from 1935 to 1938.  During their short existence, they won two National Challenge Cup titles and two league championships as Stix, Baer and Fuller and one National Cup and league title as St. Louis Central Breweries.
Frankenhain
Frankenhain (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁaŋkn̩haɪn]) is a village and a former municipality in the district Ilm-Kreis, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the municipality Geratal.
It is well known for its biathlon club.

Geratal
Geratal (German pronunciation: [ˈɡeːʁaˌtaːl], lit. 'Gera Valley') is a municipality in the district Ilm-Kreis, in Thuringia, Germany. It was created with effect from 1 January 2019 by the merger of the former municipalities of Frankenhain, Geraberg, Geschwenda, Gossel, Gräfenroda and Liebenstein. The name refers to the river Gera.
Siamun (son of Ahmose I)
Siamun was a prince of ancient Egypt. His name means "Son of Amun".

Siamun was a prince during the early Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He was the son of Pharaoh Ahmose I and Queen Ahmose Nefertari. His mummy was found in the Deir el-Bahari cache (DB320) and is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

Ahmose I
Ahmose I (Amosis, Aahmes; meaning "Iah (the Moon) is born") was a pharaoh and founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt in the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. His reign is usually dated to the mid-16th century BC at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age.

During his rule, Ahmose completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos, restored Theban rule over Lower- and Upper Egypt, and successfully reasserted Egyptian power in its formerly subject territories of Nubia and Canaan. He then reorganized the administration of the country, reopened quarries, mines and trade routes and began massive construction projects of a type that had not been undertaken since the time of the Middle Kingdom. This building program culminated in the construction of the last pyramid built by native Egyptian rulers. Ahmose's reign laid the foundations for the New Kingdom, under which Egyptian power reached its peak.
Fiat TwinAir engine
Fiat's TwinAir engine is a Straight-twin engine designed by Fiat Powertrain Technologies as part of its Small Gasoline Engine (SGE) family — employing Fiat’s MultiAir hydraulically actuated variable valve timing and lift technology.

Offered in a variety of FCA vehicles in turbocharged and naturally aspirated variants, the engine is noted for its reduced size, weight, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

In the 2011 International Engine of the Year awards, the 875 cc (53.4 cu in) TwinAir won Best Engine Under 1 Litre, Best New Engine, Best Green Engine and International Engine of the Year.
 Dean Slavnich, editor of Engine Technology International and co-chairman of the International Engine of the Year Awards, called the TwinAir one of the "all-time great engines.”

Alfa Romeo MiTo
The Alfa Romeo MiTo (Type 955) is a supermini car which was made by Fiat Group Automobiles from 2008 until 2020 and sold under the Alfa Romeo marque. It is a three-door hatchback with a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout and shares its SCCS platform with the Fiat Grande Punto. The MiTo has a single generation, with 293,428 units produced at the Fiat Mirafiori factory. It was designed by Centro Stile Alfa Romeo, with the Mito nameplate being a portmanteau of the Italian cities of Milano (Milan), where it was designed, and Torino (Turin), where it was manufactured.
Glen Ridge Historic District
The Glen Ridge Historic District is a historic district in Glen Ridge in Essex County, New Jersey, United States, originally listed in the New Jersey Register of Historic Places (NJRHP) in 1980 and the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1982 and later expanded in two boundary increases. It includes the Glen Ridge and the Benson Street train stations.

Glen Ridge, New Jersey
Glen Ridge is a borough in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 7,802, an increase of 275 (+3.7%) from the 2010 census count of 7,527, which in turn reflected an increase of 256 (+3.5%) from the 7,271 counted in the 2000 census. The borough is one of a few in New Jersey preserving the use of gas lamps for street lighting.
21–27 Queen Square, Bath
21–27 Queen Square is a historic row of buildings in Bath, Somerset, England. Described by Nikolaus Pevsner as "one of the finest Palladian compositions in England before 1730," it is now a Grade I listed building. Completed in 1736, the building was given listed status in 1950.

The building consists of seven symmetrical terraced houses, built in limestone ashlar, on the northern side of Queen Square. John Wood, the Elder, died at number 24 in 1754.

Queen Square, Bath
Queen Square is a square of Georgian houses in the city of Bath, England. Queen Square is the first element in "the most important architectural sequence in Bath", which includes the Circus and the Royal Crescent. All of the buildings which make up the square are Grade I listed.

The original development was undertaken by John Wood, the Elder, in the early 18th century. He designed the building frontages following the rules of Palladian architecture and then sub-let to individual builders to put up the rest of the buildings. The obelisk in the centre of the square was erected by Beau Nash in 1738 in honour of Frederick, Prince of Wales.

During World War II several buildings on the south side of the square were damaged by bombing during the Bath Blitz. Following restoration many of the buildings are now offices with the west side housing the Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution and on the south side the Francis Hotel.
Loreto College of Rose-Hill
Loreto College Rose Hill is a private secondary girls' school in Rose Hill, Mauritius. One of seven Loreto College campuses in Mauritius, it opened in 1951. Cathy de Cazanove is the current rector and the asst. rector is Geraldine Bouquet André.

Beau Bassin-Rose Hill
Beau Bassin-Rose Hill (or Beau-Bassin Rose-Hill; Mauritian Creole pronunciation: [bobasɛ̃ ʁozil] ⓘ; French: Villes sœurs) is a town in Mauritius, located in the Plaines Wilhems District. It is administered by the Municipal Council of Beau Bassin-Rose Hill and has a population of 147,066 inhabitants, making it the third largest city on the island.
Springtown, Warren County, New Jersey
Springtown is an unincorporated community located at the intersection of Springtown Road (County Route 519) and the Pohatcong Creek in Pohatcong Township, Warren County, New Jersey. It was named after the many small springs in the valley.

Pohatcong Township, New Jersey
Pohatcong Township is a township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 3,241, a decrease of 98 (−2.9%) from the 2010 census count of 3,339, which in turn reflected a decline of 77 (−2.3%) from the 3,416 counted in the 2000 census.

The name Pohatcong is thought to be derived from the Lenni Lenape Native American term meaning "stream between split hills".
Wilson-Todd collection
The Wilson-Todd collection is a collection of postage stamps issued during, or associated with, the First World War, including many war tax stamps, that forms part of the British Library Philatelic Collections. It was created by James Wilson-Todd and donated to the British Museum by his mother Lady Wilson-Todd after his death. As of April 2008 it was held in one box.

War tax stamp
A war tax stamp is a type of postage stamp added to an envelope in addition to regular postage. It is similar to a postal tax stamp, but the revenue is used to defray the costs of a war; as with other postal taxes, its use is obligatory for some period of time.
Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays
The Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays ("Coast Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays" until 1925) (a.k.a. CD/HD Manila Bay) were a United States Army Coast Artillery Corps harbor defense command, part of the Philippine Department of the United States Army from circa 1910 through early World War II. The command primarily consisted of four forts on islands at the entrance to Manila Bay and one fort on an island in Subic Bay.

Philippine Army
The Philippine Army (PA) (Filipino: Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas) is the main, oldest and largest branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), responsible for ground warfare. As of 2025, it had an estimated strength of 110,000 personnel. The service branch was established on December 21, 1935, as the Army of the Philippines.

The Philippine Army has been engaged in numerous combat operations, including the ongoing Communist rebellion in the Philippines, the Moro conflict and, alongside other national military forces, in conflicts of international scope and on United Nations peacekeeping missions in various parts of the globe.

The Commanding General of the Philippine Army is its professional and overall head. Its main headquarters (Headquarters Philippine Army or HPA) is located at Fort Andres Bonifacio, Taguig City.
Spider-Man (2017 TV series)
Marvel's Spider-Man is an American animated television series, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. A replacement for the previous series Ultimate Spider-Man, the first season premiered on August 19, 2017, on Disney XD. The show was subtitled Maximum Venom for its third season, which premiered on April 19, 2020.

Anya Corazon
Aña "Anya" Sofia Corazón (surname alternatively shown without diacritic, Corazon, over the years) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Marvel editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, writer Fiona Avery, and artist Mark Brooks, the character made her first appearance in Amazing Fantasy #1 (August 2004). She is the Latina daughter of a Puerto Rican father and a Mexican mother. Corazón was the first Marvel character to adopt the identity Araña (Spider), before becoming Spider-Girl (Young Allies #5, October 2010). She is the third Spider-Girl published by Marvel, and the first to appear in the mainstream Marvel universe.

Anya Corazón / Spider-Girl made her cinematic debut in the animated Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023), and is played by Isabela Merced in Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU) film Madame Web (2024).
George Sowden
George James Sowden (born 1942) is a British designer and product developer based in Milan, where he moved in the early 1970s "and never left." He has "designed hundreds of objects, from [...] computers and peripherals to housewares, appliances, furniture and [...] writing instruments".

Olivetti
Olivetti S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturer of computers, tablets, smartphones, printers and other such business products as calculators and fax machines. Headquartered in Ivrea, in the Metropolitan City of Turin, the company has been owned by TIM S.p.A. since 2003.

The company is known for innovative product design, ranging from the 1950s Lettera 22 portable typewriter, to some of the first commercial programmable desktop calculators, such as the 1964 Programma 101, as well as the pop-art inspired Valentine typewriter of 1969. Between 1954 and 2001, Italy's Association of Industrial Design (ADI) awarded 16 Compasso d'Oro  prizes to Olivetti products and designs – more than any other company or designer. At one point in the 1980s, Olivetti was the world's third largest personal computer manufacturer and remained the largest such European manufacturer during the 1990s.