hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earl of Lennox
The Earl or Mormaer of Lennox was the ruler of the region of the Lennox in western Scotland. It was first created in the 12th century for David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and later held by the Stewart dynasty.

Isabella, Countess of Lennox
Isabella of Lennox (died 1458) was the ruler of Lennox, at least from 1437 to 1458, and last in the line of Mormaers or native Scottish rulers. As the wife of Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (died 1425), she was also Duchess of Albany (1420–1425), but in 1425 her family would be almost completely destroyed when her husband, father and two sons were executed by King James I of Scotland because of their rebellion. Only one son, James the Fat, would escape their family's punishment, and he would die in exile in Ireland. Isabella succeeded in escaping the fate of her family, and would eventually regain her title and estates, retiring to her castle in Loch Lomond where she raised her grandchildren. She would eventually live to see the assassination of her family's opponent, King James. Though none of her four sons survived her, her grandson Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avandale, became Lord Chancellor of Scotland.
Pelistega
Pelistega is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic bacteria in the family Alcaligenaceae. It was first described in 1998 with the type species Pelistega europaea, isolated from pigeons.

The genus currently includes four validly published species:

Pelistega europaea – originally isolated from pigeons with respiratory disease in Belgium and Germany.

Pelistega indica – originally isolated from the human gut

Pelistega suis – originally isolated from domestic and wild pigs

Pelistega ratti – originally isolated from a brown rat in China

Pelistega suis
Pelistega suis is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile bacteria in the genus Pelistega within the family Alcaligenaceae. It was first isolated from the tonsils of both domestic pigs and wild boars, and formally described in 2015 by Vela and colleagues.
Audiovisual education
Audiovisual (AV) education or multimedia-based education (MBE) is an instruction method where particular attention is paid to the audiovisual or multimedia presentation of the material to improve comprehension and retention.

Audiovisual
Audiovisual (AV) is electronic media possessing both a sound and a visual component, such as slide-tape presentations, films, television programs, corporate conferencing, church services, and live theater productions.

Audiovisual service providers frequently offer web streaming, video conferencing, and live broadcast services. The professional audio visual industry has companies that provide hardware, software and services.  These organizations are commonly referred to as systems integrators and perform both the installation and integration of different types of AV equipment from multiple manufacturers into spaces to create the AV experience for the user or audience.

Computer-based audiovisual equipment is often used in education, with many schools and universities installing projection equipment and using interactive whiteboard technology.
Mwerlap language
Mwerlap is an Oceanic language spoken in the south of the Banks Islands in Vanuatu.

Its 1,100 speakers live mostly in Merelava and Merig, but a fair proportion have also settled on the east coast of Gaua island. Besides, a number of Mwerlap speakers live in the two cities of Vanuatu, Port Vila and Luganville.

The language has been studied by Alexandre François, and more recently by Agnès Henri.

Merig
Merig is a small island located 20 kilometres (12 miles) east of Gaua, in the Banks Islands of northern Vanuatu.

The island is about 800 metres (2,600 feet) wide, and has a circumference of 2.2 kilometres (1 mile).
Hongui line
The Hongŭi Line is an electrified standard-gauge secondary line of the North Korean State Railway running from Hongŭi on the Hambuk Line to Tumangang, which is the border station between North Korea and Russia. From Tumangang the line continues across the border to Khasan, Russia. The line from Tumangang to Rajin is double-tracked, including the entirety of the Hongŭi Line; during the recent renovation a 32 km section of dual Standard/Russian gauge was installed between Tumangang and Rajin stations. The entirety of the North Korean section of the line is located in Sŏnbong of Rasŏn Special City.

There are service facilities for locomotives and rolling stock at Tumangang Station.

Rajin station
Rajin station is a railway station in Rajin-guyŏk, Rasŏn Special City, North Korea. It is the junction point and terminus of both the Hambuk and P'yŏngra lines of the Korean State Railway. It is also the starting point of a freight-only branchline to Rajin Port station.
Lucid Motors
Lucid Group, Inc. is an American automotive and technology company that manufactures electric vehicles and supplies advanced electric vehicle powertrain systems. The company is headquartered in Newark, California. In September 2021, the company began producing the Lucid Air sedan at its factory in Casa Grande, Arizona. Production of its second model, the Lucid Gravity SUV, started in December 2024. Lucid also supplies and develops powertrain technology to other automakers, including Aston Martin.

Since April 2019, the majority shareholder of Lucid has been the Public Investment Fund, which is the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia. Other investors include large index fund managers like Vanguard Group, BlackRock, and State Street Corporation.

Panasonic
Panasonic Holdings Corporation is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan. It was founded in 1918 as Matsushita Electric Housewares Manufacturing Works in the Fukushima ward of Osaka by Kōnosuke Matsushita. The company was incorporated in 1935 and renamed Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., and changed its name to Panasonic Corporation in 2008. In 2022, it reorganized as a holding company and adopted its current name.

In addition to consumer electronics, for which it was the world's largest manufacturer in the late 20th century, Panasonic produces a wide range of products and services, including rechargeable batteries, automotive and avionic systems, industrial equipment, as well as home renovation and construction. The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices, with a secondary listing on the Nagoya Stock Exchange.
Top Trumps: Doctor Who
Top Trumps: Doctor Who is a 2008 card game video game for the Nintendo DS, Nintendo Wii, Windows and PlayStation 2 consoles. The game is based on the popular Top Trumps card game and features elements from the BBC television series Doctor Who. It was published by Eidos Interactive. It is the first Doctor Who video game since 1997's Destiny of the Doctors.

The game is set in the Doctor Who universe and features characters from the Tenth Doctor and Ninth Doctor's adventures including the Tenth Doctor, Martha Jones, Capt Jack Harkness, Dalek, Cyberman and Slitheen from series 1 to series 3 of the new series in the animation style of the animated stories "The Infinite Quest" and "Scream of the Shalka".

A version was released for the Wii on 5 December 2008 in the UK.

Top Trumps
Top Trumps is a card game first published in 1978. Each card contains a list of numerical data, and the aim of the game is to compare these values to try to trump and win an opponent's card. A wide variety of different packs of Top Trumps has been published.
Ian Ferguson (footballer, born 1967)
Ian Ferguson (born 15 March 1967) is a Scottish football coach and retired professional player.

He started his career with Clyde, then moved to St Mirren in 1986, scoring the winning goal as the club won the 1987 Scottish Cup Final. Ferguson moved to Rangers in 1988 and stayed with the Ibrox club for 12 years, during which time he helped them win nine consecutive Scottish league championships. He has since been inducted to the club's Hall of Fame. He played for Dunfermline Athletic for two seasons, before emigrating to Australia where he played for Northern Spirit and Central Coast Mariners. Ferguson appeared in nine full international matches for Scotland.

Since retiring as a player, he has managed North Queensland Fury, Perth Glory, Northern Fury and Stirling Macedonia.

1988 Scottish League Cup final
The 1988 Scottish League Cup final was played on 23 October 1988 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 43rd Scottish League Cup (Skol Cup). The final was contested by Aberdeen and Rangers and was the second of three consecutive finals between the two clubs.

Rangers won the match 3–2 thanks to goals from Ally McCoist and Ian Ferguson.
Olga of Kiev
Olga (Church Slavonic: Ольга; Old Norse: Helga; c. 890–925 – 11 July 969) was a regent of Kievan Rus' for her son Sviatoslav from 945 until 957. Following her baptism, Olga took the name Elenа. She is known for her subjugation of the Drevlians, a tribe that had killed her husband Igor. Even though it was her grandson Vladimir who adopted Christianity and made it the state religion, she was the first ruler to be baptized.

Olga is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church with the epithet "Equal to the Apostles". Her feast day is 11 July.

Pskov
Pskov (Russian: Псков, IPA: [ˈpskof] ⓘ; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: 193,082 (2021 census); 203,279 (2010 census); 202,780 (2002 census); 203,789 (1989 Soviet census).

Pskov is one of the oldest cities in Russia. During the Middle Ages, it served as the capital of the Pskov Republic and was a trading post of the Hanseatic League before it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow and became an important border fortress in the Tsardom of Russia.
Forward observers in the U.S. military
Forward observers in the U.S. military are artillery observers who carry the Military Occupational Specialty designator of 13F in the United States Army and  0861 in the United States Marine Corps. They are officially called "joint fire support specialists" in the U.S. Army and "fire support marines" in the U.S. Marine Corps. They are colloquially known as "FiSTers", regardless of whether they are members of a FiST (fire support team). A battalion fire support officer (FSO) is the officer in charge of a battalion fire support element.

Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company
Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company (ANGLICO)  is a Special Operations Capable airborne fire support and liaison unit of the United States Marine Corps. The mission of ANGLICO is "To provide Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Commanders a liaison capability to plan, coordinate, and conduct terminal control of fires in support of joint, allied, and coalition forces. Per this mission statement, ANGLICOs are not designed to support U.S. Marine Corps maneuver elements. Instead, the doctrinal purpose of ANGLICO is to provide fire support and coordination in support of units adjacent to the MAGTF.
Rhizocarpon
Rhizocarpon is a genus of crustose, saxicolous (or sometimes lichenicolous), lecideoid lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the prothallus forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen (Rhizocarpon geographicum).

Rhizocarpon geographicum
Rhizocarpon geographicum (the map lichen) is a species of lichen, which grows on rocks in mountainous areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered by a black line of fungal hyphae. These patches grow adjacent to each other, leading to the appearance of a map or a patchwork field.

When circular, or roughly circular, the diameter of this lichen species has been widely used to help determining the relative age of deposits, e.g. moraine systems, thus revealing evidence of glacial advances. The process is termed lichenometry.
Antonio Ledezma
Antonio José Ledezma Díaz (born 1 May 1955) is a Venezuelan lawyer, opposition politician and former political prisoner. After unsuccessfully challenging for the leadership of Democratic Action in 1999, he founded a new party, the Fearless People's Alliance.

Libertador Municipality, Caracas
The Libertador Bolivarian Municipality (Spanish: Municipio Bolivariano Libertador) is the only administrative division of the Capital District of Venezuela and along with the municipalities of Baruta, Chacao, El Hatillo and Sucre forms the Metropolitan District of Caracas. It is landlocked by Vargas State and also borders Miranda State on the east and south. The municipality is one of a number in Venezuela named "Libertador Municipality", in honour of Venezuelan independence hero Simón Bolívar.

Libertador is one of the smallest municipalities in Venezuela, with a total area of 438 square kilometres (169 sq mi).  It is the largest in terms of population, with approximately 2.1 million inhabitants.

In this municipality is home to the Miraflores presidential palace, the Federal Legislative Palace, the National Electoral Council, the main offices of PDVSA and CANTV, the Central Bank of Venezuela and the public ministry.
Situational theory of problem solving
The situational theory of problem solving attempts to explain why and how an individual communicates during a problematic situation. The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) was proposed by Jeong-Nam Kim and James E. Grunig in 2011 though their article “problem solving and communicative action: A situational theory of problem solving.” The theory was developed from the situational theory of publics (STP) and claimed it is “an extended and generalized version” of STP. This theory has an assumption that “the more one commits to problem resolution, the more one becomes acquisitive of information pertaining to the problem, selective in dealing with information, and transmissive in giving it to others.”

Situational theory of publics
The situational theory of publics theorizes that large groups of people can be divided into smaller groups based on the extent to which they are aware of a problem and the extent to which they do something about the problem. For example, some people may begin uninformed and uninvolved; communications to them may be intended to make them aware and engaged. Communications to those who are aware but disengaged may focus on informing them of ways in which they could act. Further classifications are made on the basis to which people are actively seeking or passively encountering ("stumbling into") information about the problem.
John Golden
John Lionel Golden (June 27, 1874 – June 17, 1955) was an American actor, songwriter, author, and theatrical producer. As a songwriter, he is most notable as lyricist for "Poor Butterfly" (1916). He produced many Broadway shows and four films.

Winchell Smith
Winchell Smith (5 April 1871 – 10 June 1933) was an American playwright, known for big hit works such as Brewster's Millions (1906) and Lightnin'  (1918). Many of his plays were made into movies. He spent freely but left a large fortune at his death.
Borough of Boston
The Borough of Boston is a local government district with borough status in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in the town of Boston. The borough also includes numerous villages in the surrounding rural area including Wyberton, Sutterton, Algakirk and Hubberts Bridge. As well as Kirton, the only other town in the borough.

The borough borders South Holland to the south, North Kesteven to the west, and East Lindsey to the north. To the east, it has a coast onto the Wash.

Hubberts Bridge
Hubberts Bridge is a village in the borough of Boston, Lincolnshire, England. It is situated within the civil parish of Frampton, and approximately 3 miles (5 km) west from Boston.

The village name derives from the bridge crossing the South Forty-Foot Drain. Originally it was a wooden structure, thought to have been owned by Robert Hubbert, born on the 2 March in Lincolnshire and died in 1850 in Boston, Lincolnshire. A new wooden bridge was erected about 1850, but was replaced again by a brick structure in 1888 by the county justices for the Parts of Holland from designs of John Kingston, county surveyor.

The village is served by Hubberts Bridge railway station, and has a local public house, the Wheatsheaf Inn, and a community centre.
Marshall coil
Marshall coils, also known as encased coils or encased springs (more commonly known in North America as pocketed springs or pocket coils), are component parts of a mattress in which each coil is separately wrapped in a textile material.

Mattress coil
Mattress coils, also known as mattress springs, are coil springs used in a mattress. Coils are primarily used in the core (support layer) of innerspring mattresses, which is their original use. In recent years, small "micro-coils" are being used in the upholstery (comfort layer) of mattresses, primarily with a coil core ("coil-on-coil" construction), but sometimes with other core types.

Mattress coils were introduced in the mid-late 19th century, and remain popular in the 21st century, particularly in the United States.
Yokohama Rubber Company
The Yokohama Rubber Company, Limited (横浜ゴム株式会社, Yokohama Gomu Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese manufacturing company based in Hiratsuka, Japan. The company was founded and began on October 13, 1917, in a joint venture between Yokohama Cable Manufacturing and BFGoodrich. In 1969, the company expanded to the United States as Yokohama Tire Corporation. It primarily produces tires, rims, and golf equipment (sold under the brand PRGR).

The company has two manufacturing facilities in the United States: one in Salem, Virginia, and another in West Point, Mississippi.

Hiratsuka
Hiratsuka (平塚市, Hiratsuka-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 257,316 and a population density of 3800 persons per km². The total area of the city is 67.88 square kilometres (26.21 sq mi).
William M. Evarts
William Maxwell Evarts (February 6, 1818 – February 28, 1901) was an American lawyer and statesman from New York who served as U.S. Secretary of State, U.S. Attorney General and U.S. Senator from New York.  He was renowned for his skills as a litigator and was involved in three of the most important causes of American political jurisprudence in his day: the impeachment of a president, the Geneva arbitration and the contests before the electoral commission to settle the presidential election of 1876.

During the presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes, the reform-minded Evarts was an active member among the "Half-Breed" faction of the Republican Party, which emphasized support for civil service reform, bolstering opposition towards conservative "Stalwarts" who defended the spoils system and advocated on behalf of Southern blacks.

Maxwell Perkins
William Maxwell Evarts "Max" Perkins (September 20, 1884 – June 17, 1947) was an American book editor, best remembered for discovering authors Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, and Thomas Wolfe.
Silver Knight (horse)
Silver Knight, (1967−1992) was a grey New Zealand Thoroughbred racehorse stallion. He was by Alcimedes (GB), his dam Cuban Fox was by Foxbridge. He was bred by Seton Otway at the Trelawney Stud, Cambridge, New Zealand. It was here that Polo Prince, Hi Jinx, Macdougal, Foxzami and Hiraji were bred before also going on to win their Melbourne Cups.

He was the winner of the 1971 Melbourne Cup ridden by Bruce Marsh trained by Eric Temperton. He also won the 1971 New Zealand St. Leger.

At stud he sired four stakes winners of six stakes wins. His son, Black Knight, went on to win the 1984 Melbourne Cup.

Foxbridge
Foxbridge (GB) (foaled 1930) was an English Thoroughbred racehorse by Foxlaw out of Bridgemount by Bridge of Earn. His race record was 18 starts for 1 win, 3 seconds and 4 thirds. He was descended through the Bay Ronald sire line.

In 1935, the English stallion Foxbridge was purchased for £2,625 by Seton Otway and imported into New Zealand. Here he  was a very successful sire at Trelawney Stud near Cambridge, New Zealand. This remarkably consistent horse was New Zealand's most successful sire and brood-mare sire for 11 consecutive seasons. Twice he was the British Empire's champion sire.

His female offspring were to produce five Melbourne Cup winners: Hiraji, Foxzami, Macdougal, Hi Jinx and Silver Knight. Foxbridge's potency was illustrated at Ellerslie Racecourse on Boxing Day 1944, when his progeny won six races on an eight-race card.

He was inducted into the New Zealand Racing Hall of Fame in 2008.
Hampden–Sydney Tigers
The Hampden–Sydney Tigers are the athletic teams that represent Hampden–Sydney College, located in Hampden Sydney, Virginia, in NCAA Division III intercollegiate sports. The Tigers compete as members of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference for all sports. The Tigers were one of the founding members of the ODAC in 1976. Hampden–Sydney sponsors 9 sporting activities for its male students.

Hampden–Sydney vs. Randolph–Macon rivalry
The Randolph-Macon vs. Hampden–Sydney rivalry is a sports rivalry between the Hampden–Sydney College Tigers and the Randolph–Macon College Yellow Jackets. The college football rivalry between the NCAA Division III schools, often known simply as "The Game", dates to 1893 and has been called the oldest small-school rivalry in the Southern United States. The rivalry now crosses all sports, with the men's basketball series in particular gaining national attention.
Lucknow division
Lucknow division is one of the 18 administrative geographical units (i.e. division) of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow city is the administrative headquarters of the division. The division consists of 6 districts:-

Lucknow

Hardoi

Lakhimpur Kheri

Raebareli

Sitapur

Unnao

Unnao district
Unnao district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in central India. The city of Unnao is the district headquarters. The district is part of Lucknow Division.

As of the 2011 census, Unnao district has a population of 3,108,367, making it the 31st-most populous district in Uttar Pradesh. It is a predominantly rural district, with over 80% of the population living in rural areas.
Frederick St John, 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke
Frederick St John, 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke (21 December 1732 – 5 May 1787) was a British peer and landowner. His father was John St John, 2nd Viscount St John, half-brother of Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke (1678–1751). His mother was Anne Furnese and his younger brother General the Hon. Henry St John (1738–1818).

Henry St John (British Army officer)
General Henry St John (1738 – 3 April 1818) was a senior British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1768 to 1784 and briefly in 1802. He also served as a Groom of the Bedchamber.
Tokugawa Iemochi
Tokugawa Iemochi (徳川 家茂) (17 July 1846 – 29 August 1866) was the 14th shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866.  During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. Iemochi's reign also saw a weakening of the shogunate.

Iemochi died in 1866 and was buried in Zōjō-ji. His Buddhist name was Shonmyoin.

Tokugawa Iesato
Prince Tokugawa Iesato (徳川 家達; 24 August 1863 – 5 June 1940) was a Japanese aristocrat and politician who was the first head of the Tokugawa clan after the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868. He was President of the House of Peers from 1903 to 1933. When he travelled to other nations representing Japan during his diplomatic journeys, he usually presented his name as Prince Iyesato Tokugawa. As President of the House of Peers, Tokugawa promoted democratic principles and international goodwill. It was only after his death in 1940 that Japanese militants were able to push Japan into joining the Axis Powers in World War II.