hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La Voisin
Catherine Monvoisin, or Montvoisin, née Deshayes, known as "La Voisin" (c. 1640 – 22 February 1680), was a French fortune teller, commissioned poisoner, accused of witchcraft. She was the head of a network of fortune tellers in Paris providing poison, aphrodisiacs, abortion, with clients among the aristocracy and became the central figure in the famous affaire des poisons. Her purported organization of commissioned black magic and poison murder was suspected to have killed 1,000 people, but it is believed that upwards of 2,500 people might have been murdered.

Giulia Tofana
Giulia Tofana (also spelt Toffana, Tophana, Tophania) (died in Rome, 1651) is a historical figure associated in later accounts with the poison known as Aqua Tofana. Modern scholarship disputes many details of her life, including her surname, origins, and any direct role in the 1659 prosecutions of the so-called Spana poison network in Rome.
Phototaxis
Phototaxis is a kind of taxis, or locomotory movement, that occurs when a whole organism moves towards or away from a stimulus of light. This is advantageous for phototrophic organisms as they can orient themselves most efficiently to receive light for photosynthesis. Phototaxis is called positive if the movement is in the direction of increasing light intensity and negative if the direction is opposite.

Phototaxis has been described in microorganisms and algea, insects and other invertebrates, and vertebrates. Typically nocturnal insects can show positive phototaxis, while nocturnal mammals often show negative phototaxis.

Taxis
A taxis (from Ancient Greek  τάξις (táxis) 'arrangement, order'; pl.: taxes /ˈtæksiːz/) is the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus such as light or the presence of food. Taxes are innate behavioural responses.

A taxis differs from a tropism (turning response, often growth towards or away from a stimulus) in that in the case of taxis, the organism has motility and demonstrates guided movement towards or away from the stimulus source. It is sometimes distinguished from a kinesis, a non-directional change in activity in response to a stimulus. Taxis can be positive (moving towards the stimulus) or negative (moving away from the stimulus).
Behat Assembly constituency
Behat Assembly constituency is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Saharanpur district and one of five assembly constituencies in the Saharanpur Lok Sabha constituency.

Behat Assembly constituency came into existence in 2008 as a result of the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008". Prior to 2008, this constituency was served / represented by the Muzaffarabad Assembly constituency.

Muzaffarabad Assembly constituency
Muzaffarabad Assembly constituency was one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It was a part of the Saharanpur district and one of five assembly constituencies in the Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency).

Muzaffarabad Assembly constituency was demolished in 2008 as a result of the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" and renamed Behat Assembly constituency.
Lama language (Bai)
Lama is a Bai language spoken along the Lancang River (upper Mekong) in Lanping County and Weixi County, in western Yunnan, China.

Up to the 16th edition of Ethnologue (2009), the code lay was assigned to "Lama (Myanmar)", listed in the index of languages by C. F. Voegelin and F. M. Voegelin (1977) as a Nungish language of Myanmar having 3,000 speakers. In 2013 the reference name for the code was changed to "Bai, Lama", identifying one of two Northern Bai languages, the other being Panyi Bai.

Bai language
Bai (Bai: Baip‧ngvp‧zix; simplified Chinese: 白语; traditional Chinese: 白語; pinyin: Báiyǔ; lit. 'white language') is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in China, primarily in Yunnan Province, by the Bai people. The language has over a million speakers and is divided into three or four main dialects. Bai syllables are always open, with a rich set of vowels and eight tones. The tones are divided into two groups with modal and non-modal (tense, harsh or breathy) phonation. There is a small amount of traditional literature written with Chinese characters, Bowen (僰文), as well as a number of recent publications printed with a recently standardized system of romanisation using the Latin alphabet.

The origins of Bai have been obscured by intensive Chinese influence of an extended period. Different scholars have proposed that it is an early offshoot or sister language of Chinese, part of the Loloish branch, or a separate group within the Sino-Tibetan family.
Orlando Letelier
Marcos Orlando Letelier del Solar (13 April 1932 – 21 September 1976) was a Chilean Marxist and diplomat during the presidency of Salvador Allende. A member of the Socialist Party of Chile, he fled from the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet, Letelier accepted several academic positions in Washington D.C. after his exile from Chile. In 1976, agents of Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), the Pinochet regime's secret police, killed him in Washington by a car bomb. The agents had been working in collaboration with members of the Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations, an anti-Castro militant group.

Assassination of Orlando Letelier
On 21 September 1976, Orlando Letelier, a former Chilean diplomat and outspoken opponent of dictator Augusto Pinochet, was assassinated in Washington, D.C., United States by a car bomb planted by agents of the Chilean secret police (DINA) as part of Operation Condor. Letelier, who had been living in exile in the U.S., was killed alongside Ronni Karpen Moffitt, a colleague at the Institute for Policy Studies. Declassified U.S. intelligence documents indicate that Pinochet personally ordered the assassination, which was intended to eliminate a leading voice of Chilean resistance and disrupt international opposition to his regime.
Ljubljanska Avenue
Ljubljanska Avenue (Croatian: Ljubljanska avenija) is one of the most travelled thoroughfares in Zagreb, Croatia. It is a four-lane divided avenue that runs from the Savska Opatovina rotary (located in the western part of the Trešnjevka - sjever district) in the east to the Jankomir interchange with the Zagreb bypass in the west. The road uses the recently upgraded Jankomir bridge over the Sava river and it is fully grade-separated.

The Ljubljanska used to start further east, at the intersection with the Savska Road in the outer city center, but the recently renovated part between Savska Road and Savska Opatovina was renamed to Zagrebačka Avenue.

45°47′50″N 15°52′55″E﻿ / ﻿45.79722°N 15.88194°E﻿ / 45.79722; 15.88194

Zagrebačka Avenue
Zagrebačka Avenue (Croatian: Zagrebačka avenija) is an important east–west avenue in western Zagreb, Croatia. It is a dual carriageway with three lanes in each direction that starts as a continuation of the Slavonska Avenue under the intersection with the Savska Road, ending at the Savska Opatovina roundabout.

It was previously part of Ljubljanska Avenue, which used to span from the Jankomir interchange to Savska Road in the outer city center, but in 2006 a part of Ljubljanska Avenue was widened and separated from the old avenue to be named to Zagrebačka Avenue at the proposal of Mayor Milan Bandić. After the widening  of the Savska Opatovina rotary (technically a roundabout interchange was added), none of the other intersections were converted to interchanges, for which Bandić was publicly criticized. as well as for making, by some accounts, an unnecessary and confusing name change for the street.
Flag of Caernarfonshire
The Caernarfonshire flag (Welsh: Baner Sir Gaernarfon) is the flag of the historic Welsh county of Caernarfonshire. The origins of the emblem of the three eagles arranged in fess on a green field revolve around the ancient King of Gwynedd, Owain Gwynedd, to whom the symbol was attributed as his coat of arms. It was registered with the Flag Institute in March 2012.

Caernarfonshire
Caernarfonshire (/kərˈnɑːrvənʃər/; Welsh: Sir Gaernarfon, Welsh pronunciation: [ˈsir gaɨ̯rˈnarvɔn]), previously spelled Caernarvonshire or Carnarvonshire, was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was located in the north-west of Wales.
Frederick, South Dakota
Frederick is a town in northwestern Brown County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 215 at the 2020 census. Home to the annual Frederick Finn Fest, the town is part of the Aberdeen Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Brown County, South Dakota
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,301, making it the fourth most populous county in South Dakota, and was estimated to be 37,495 in 2024. Its county seat is Aberdeen. The county is named for Alfred Brown, of Hutchinson County, South Dakota, a Dakota Territory legislator in 1879.

Brown County is part of the Aberdeen, SD Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Pouilly-Fuissé
Pouilly-Fuissé (French pronunciation: [puji fɥise]) is an appellation (AOC) for white wine in the Mâconnais subregion of Burgundy in central France, located in the communes of Fuissé, Solutré-Pouilly, Vergisson and Chaintré. Pouilly-Fuissé has Chardonnay as the only grape variety.

Pouilly-Fuissé is the best-known part of Mâconnais. The AOC was created on September 11, 1936. It was granted premier cru designation in September 2020. There are currently 22 premier cru climats.  The area used to be known simply as "Pouilly,” but when the AOC laws were introduced, it was split into three: Pouilly-Fuissé, Pouilly-Loché and Pouilly-Vinzelles.

Pouilly-Vinzelles
Pouilly-Vinzelles is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for white wine in the Mâconnais subregion Burgundy in central France, located in the communes of Vinzelles and Loché, the latter an associated commune of Mâcon. Pouilly-Vinzelles has Chardonnay as the only allowed grape variety. There are no Premier Cru vineyards within the AOC, as the local growers at the time the regulations were being drawn up never applied for this. The AOC was created in 1940.

Pouilly-Vinzelles is located adjacent to the appellation Pouilly-Fuissé, which is considerably larger than Pouilly-Vinzelles, and just south of Pouilly-Loché. These three neighbouring appellations all produce white wines of a similar style.
Ghazi Kanaan
Ghazi Kanaan (Arabic: غازي كنعان; 1942 – 12 October 2005; also known by his nickname Abu Yo'roub) was a Syrian military officer and intelligence chief who served as Syria's interior minister from 2004 to 2005. He was also the long-time head of Syria's security apparatus in Lebanon from 1982 to 2002.

Employing tactics such as endorsing pro-Syrian candidates and employing intimidation, Kanaan had a considerable influence over Lebanese politics, ensuring Lebanon was aligned with Syria's agenda. Kanaan was questioned during the investigation into Rafic Hariri's assassination in 2005. His violent death later that year, officially declared a suicide, was met with skepticism by some, drawing international attention.

Abdul Halim Khaddam
Abdul Halim Khaddam (/ˈɑːbdəl həˈliːm kəˈdæm/ ⓘ AHB-dəl hə-LEEM kə-DAM; Arabic: عبد الحليم خدام;‎ 15 September 1932 – 31 March 2020) was a Syrian politician who served as interim President of Syria in 2000 as well as the Vice President of Syria and the Syrian High Commissioner to Lebanon from 1984 to 2005. He was a long known loyalist of Hafez al-Assad under the Ba'athist regime in Syria after the Corrective Movement in 1970. He resigned from his position and left the country in 2005 in protest against certain policies of Hafez's son and successor, Bashar al-Assad. He accumulated substantial wealth while in office: a Credit Suisse account in his name, opened in 1994, had nearly 90 million Swiss francs in September 2003, per Suisse secrets.  This puts Khaddam and his family's net worth at $1.1 billion, making them one of the wealthiest and most influential political families in the Middle East.
Hanby, Lincolnshire
Hanby is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England.  It is situated  between Lenton and Ropsley Heath, on the line of the Roman Road King Street. The nearest large town is Grantham 7 miles (11 km) to the north-west. Hanby  is part of the civil parish of Lenton, Keisby and Osgodby .

Lenton, Lincolnshire
Lenton is a village in the civil parish of Lenton, Keisby and Osgodby, in the district of South Kesteven, Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) south-east from Grantham. In 1921 the parish had a population of 117. On 1 April 1931 the parish was abolished to form "Lenton Keisby and Osgodby".
Big Red (Western Kentucky University)
Big Red is the mascot of Western Kentucky University's sports teams, the "Hilltoppers" and "Lady Toppers". It is a red, furry blob created by Ralph Carey in 1979. Big Red is meant to symbolize the spirit of WKU students and alumni as well as the sports teams' nickname, the "Hilltoppers," a name chosen because the school's campus sits atop a hill 232 feet above the Barren River flowing through WKU's home city of Bowling Green.

Western Kentucky University
Western Kentucky University (WKU) is a public university in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. It was founded by the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1906, though its roots reach back a few decades earlier. It operates regional campuses in Glasgow, Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, and Owensboro. The main campus sits atop a hill overlooking the Barren River valley.
Espy, Pennsylvania
Espy is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 1,620 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area. Espy was first settled in the late 18th century. It was home to a boatyard in the 19th century.

Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Columbia County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,727. Its county seat is Bloomsburg. The county was created on March 22, 1813, from part of Northumberland County. It was named Columbia, alluding to the United States and Christopher Columbus. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.

Columbia County is part of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area.
Utsunoya Pass
The Utsunoya-tōge Pass (宇津ノ谷峠, Utsunoya-tōge) is a mountain pass on the old Tōkaidō highway connecting eastern Japan with imperial capital of Kyoto. Located between former Mariko-juku in what is now Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, and Okabe-juku in what is now Fujieda, it is the only portion of the original Heian period road known to have survived to the present day, and a one kilometer stretch of the road was proclaimed a National Historic Site on February 22, 2010.

Fujieda, Shizuoka
Fujieda (藤枝市, Fujieda-shi) is a city located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2019, the city has an estimated population of 145,032 in 59,480 households, and a population density of 750 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 194.06 square kilometres (74.93 sq mi). Fujieda is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities  (AFHC).
Instruction pipelining
In computer engineering, instruction pipelining is a technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. Pipelining attempts to keep every part of the processor busy with some instruction by dividing incoming instructions into a series of sequential steps (the eponymous "pipeline") performed by different processor units with different parts of instructions processed in parallel.

Instruction-level parallelism
Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is the parallel or simultaneous execution of a sequence of instructions in a computer program. More specifically, ILP refers to the average number of instructions run per step of this parallel execution.: 5
Afder (woreda)
Afder is one of the woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Afder Zone, Afder is bordered on the south by Dolobay, on the west by Jerti Jarreti, on the north by Elkere, on the west by the Gode Zone, and on the southeast by Barrey. Towns in Afder include Gud'usbo and Hargele.

Bare (woreda)
Bare (Somali: Barre) is one of the woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Afder Zone, Bare is bordered on the south by the Provisional Administrative Line with Somalia, on the west by Dolobay, on the north by Afder, and on the east by the Gode Zone. The major town in this woreda is Bare.
Ideal solution
An ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution that exhibits thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases. The enthalpy of mixing is zero, as is the volume change on mixing. The vapor pressures of all components obey Raoult's law across the entire range of concentrations, and the activity coefficient (which measures deviation from ideality) is equal to one for each component.

The concept of an ideal solution is fundamental to both thermodynamics and chemical thermodynamics and their applications, such as the explanation of colligative properties.

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
Glossary of equestrian terms
This is a basic glossary of equestrian terms that includes both technical terminology and jargon developed over the centuries for horses and other equidae, as well as various horse-related concepts. Where noted, some terms are used only in American English (US) or British English (UK), or are regional to a particular part of the world, such as Australia (AU).

Equine conformation
Equine conformation evaluates a horse's bone structure, musculature, and its body proportions in relation to each other. Undesirable conformation can limit the ability to perform a specific task.  Although there are several faults with universal disadvantages, a horse's conformation is usually judged according to its intended use. Thus "form to function" is one of the first set of traits considered in judging conformation.  A horse with poor form for a show jumper could have excellent conformation for a cutting horse or draft horse. Every horse has good and bad points of conformation and many horses excel even with conformation faults.
Trevor Dunn
Trevor Roy Dunn (born January 30, 1968) is an American bassist and composer. He came to prominence in the 1990s with the experimental band Mr. Bungle.  While performing with Mr. Bungle, he would dress similar to the St. Pauli Girl.  He has since worked in an array of musical styles, including with saxophonist/composer John Zorn, Secret Chiefs 3 and with his own avant-garde jazz/rock ensemble Trevor Dunn's Trio-Convulsant. He is also a member of the bands Fantômas and Tomahawk.

Yuka Honda
Yuka Honda (本田ゆか, Honda Yuka) is a Japanese-American musician who resides in New York City. She is a multi-instrumentalist (mainly piano, synthesizer, sampler and other keyboards), composer, record producer, and co-founder of the band Cibo Matto. Throughout her career, she has collaborated with a diverse array of musicians, including Petra Haden, Sean Lennon, Mike Watt, Nels Cline, Tricky, Harper Simon, Beastie Boys, Los Lobos, Brooklyn Funk Essentials, Mitchell Froom, Medeski Martin & Wood, Marc Ribot, Yoshimi P-We, Arto Lindsay, Edie Brickell, Vincent Gallo, Luscious Jackson, Dave Douglas, Bernie Worrell, and Caetano Veloso.
Battle on Pyana River
The Battle on Pyana River (Russian: Сражение на реке Пьяне) took place on August 2, 1377 on the Pyana River between the Golden Horde under Arab Shah (Arapsha) and an alliance of Russian principalities led by Prince Ivan Dmitriyevich, made up of the Pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl, Yuryev, Nizhny Novgorod, and Murom principalities.

The Russian army, being drunken, was almost entirely routed by small forces of Arapsha, while Ivan Dmitriyevich had drowned together with druzhina and staff. The river's name Pyana, translated as "drunken" from Russian, is derived from those events. The corresponding events are further recorded in the medieval Russian Chronicle On The Slaughter at Pyana River.

Principality of Murom
The Principality of Murom (Russian: Муромское княжество), also referred to as the Principality of Murom-Ryazan (Russian: Муромо-Рязанское княжество) until the mid-12th century, was a Russian principality with its capital at Murom. It became a separate principality in 1127. Murom was later incorporated into the Grand Principality of Moscow in 1392.
Iodine value
In chemistry, the iodine value (IV; also iodine absorption value, iodine number or iodine index) is the mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 grams of a chemical substance. Iodine numbers are often used to determine the degree of unsaturation in fats, oils and waxes. In fatty acids, unsaturation occurs mainly as double bonds which are very reactive towards halogens, the iodine in this case. Thus, the higher the iodine value, the more unsaturations are present in the fat. It can be seen from the table that coconut oil is very saturated, which means it is good for making soap. On the other hand, linseed oil is highly unsaturated, which makes it a drying oil, well suited for making oil paints.

Iodine monochloride
Iodine monochloride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ICl. It is a red-brown chemical compound that melts near room temperature.  Because of the difference in the electronegativity of iodine and chlorine, this molecule is highly polar and behaves as a source of I+. Discovered in 1814 by Gay-Lussac, iodine monochloride is the first interhalogen compound discovered.
Friedrichsbrunn
Friedrichsbrunn (German pronunciation: [fʁiːdʁɪçsˈbʁʊn]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 23 November 2009, it is part of the town Thale.

Thale
Thale (pronounced [ˈtaːlə]) is a town in the Harz district in Saxony-Anhalt in central Germany. Located at the steep northeastern rim of the Harz mountain range, it is known for the scenic Bode Gorge stretching above the town centre.
Times Like These (Gary Burton album)
Times Like These is an album by vibraphonist Gary Burton released on the GRP label in 1988. The all-star quartet includes guitarist John Scofield, bassist Marc Johnson and former Weather Report drummer Peter Erskine. Tenor saxophonist Michael Brecker sits in on two tracks.

GRP Records
GRP® Records (Grusin-Rosen Productions) is a jazz record label founded by Dave Grusin and Larry Rosen in 1978. Distributed by Verve Records, GRP® was originally known for its digital recordings that focuses on its jazz genre.
North American T-28 Trojan
The North American Aviation T-28 Trojan is a radial-engine military trainer aircraft manufactured by North American Aviation and used by the United States Air Force and United States Navy beginning in the 1950s. Besides its use as a trainer, the T-28 was successfully employed as a counter-insurgency aircraft, primarily during the Vietnam War. It has continued in civilian use as an aerobatics and warbird performer.

Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Congolese Air Force (French: Force Aérienne Congolaise, or FAC) is the air force branch of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa). From 1971 to 1997, it was known as the Zairian Air Force (Force Aérienne Zaïroise, or FAZA). FAC currently possesses numerous aircraft including Sukhoi Su-25, MiG-23, and Mil Mi-24.