hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shuja ul-Mulk
His Highness Sir Shuja ul-Mulk KCIE (1 January 1881 – 13 October 1936) was the ruler (from Persian: مهتر) of the State of Chitral, and reigned it for 41 years until his death in 1936. He belonged to the royal Katur dynasty, which ruled the state from 1571 to 1969, until the Princely State of Chitral was merged to form the Chitral District of the Provincially Administered Tribal Areas, Malakand Division, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan.

His rule saw the State of Chitral experience an extensive period of unwonted peace. He introduced widespread and far-reaching changes and administrative reforms. Shuja ul-Mulk rendered important services to the British Empire during the Third Anglo-Afghan War. He was invested as a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) by the British in 1903, and Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in 1919. He was granted a personal gun salute of 11 guns, and the title of His Highness.

Chitral Expedition
The Chitral Expedition (Urdu:چترال فوجی مہم) was a military expedition in 1895 sent by the British authorities to relieve the fort at Chitral, which was under siege after a local coup following the death of the old ruler. An intervening British force of about 400 men was besieged in the fort until it was relieved by two expeditions, a small one from Gilgit and a larger one from Peshawar.
Alfred T. Renfro
Alfred T. Renfro (October 13, 1877 – September 8, 1964) was an artist, editorial cartoonist, photographer and architect who lived in Santa Barbara, California and Seattle, Washington.

He made efforts to help establish an arts colony near Seattle, Washington, and was a co-founder of the Beaux Arts Village. He worked for the Seattle times as an art director and editorial cartoonist and was a member of the Seattle Cartoonists' Club. He contributed many illustrations to the club's book, The Cartoon; A Reference Book of Seattle's Successful Men, along with his friend Frank Calvert, who copyrighted the book.

Illustrated for the Yukon Sun in Dawson City, Alaska, and for all the Seattle papers. In Seattle he contributed most to the "Scripps papers", which would have included the Seattle Star.

Seattle Cartoonists' Club
The Seattle Cartoonists' Club was an association in Seattle, Washington, of editorial cartoonists and caricaturists in the early 20th century. Working for different papers and companies associated with publishing, the men got together to produce joint works. The men were important for their role in documenting Seattle's culture and for their editorializing. Their books were works that blend the serious with the nonsensical.
Tommy Lucchese
Thomas Gaetano Lucchese (born Gaetano Lucchese, Italian: [ɡaeˈtaːno lukˈkeːze, -eːse]; December 1, 1899 – July 13, 1967), nicknamed "Tommy Three-Finger Brown", was an Italian-American gangster who was a key figure in the Mafia in the United States, an offshoot of the Cosa Nostra in Sicily, for more than thirty years. From 1951 until 1967, he was the boss of the Lucchese crime family, one of the Five organized crime families in New York City.

The Gangster Chronicles
The Gangster Chronicles is a 1981 American crime drama television miniseries starring Michael Nouri, Joe Penny, Jon Polito, Louis Giambalvo, Kathleen Lloyd, Madeleine Stowe, Chad Redding, Markie Post, Allan Arbus, James Andronica, Robert Davi, Joseph Mascolo, and narrated by E.G. Marshall.
Andernach Geyser
Andernach Geyser (German: Geysir Andernach, previously Namedyer Sprudel) is the highest cold-water geyser in the world, reaching heights of 30 to 60 metres. The geyser was first bored in 1903 on the Namedy Peninsula (Namedyer Werth) in the Rhine near Andernach. In 2006 it was turned into a tourist attraction and one of the sights in the volcano park and part of the Geopark Vulkanland Eifel.

Cold-water geyser
Cold-water geysers are geysers that have eruptions whose water spurts are propelled by CO2 bubbles, instead of the hot steam  which drives the more familiar hot-water geysers: The gush of a cold-water geyser is identical to the spurt from a freshly-opened bottle of soda pop.
Cold-water geysers look quite similar to their steam-driven counterparts; however, their CO2-laden water often appears whiter and more frothy.
Pontardawe
Pontardawe (Welsh pronunciation: [pɔntarˈdawɛ] ⓘ) is a town and a community in the lower Swansea Valley (Welsh: Cwmtawe). It had a population of approximately 7,172 in the 2021 Census for Pontardawe Parish, and forms part of the county borough of Neath Port Talbot.

On the opposite bank of the River Tawe is the village of Alltwen, part of the community of Cilybebyll, and is administered separately from Pontardawe. The town is at the crossroads of the A474 road and the A4067 road.

Pontardawe came into existence as a small settlement on the north-western bank of the River Tawe, where the drovers' road from Neath and Llandeilo crossed the river to go up the valley to Brecon. The National Cycle Route 43 from Swansea to Builth Wells passes through the town and the recreation ground.

Cilybebyll
Cilybebyll (/ˌkɪləˈbɛbɪl/) is a village and community in the Neath Port Talbot County Borough, Wales. It includes the villages of Alltwen, Fforest Gôch, Gellinudd and Rhos. The village is located 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Pontardawe, 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Neath and 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Swansea. The community has a population of 4,769 in 2011 census.
Örebro County
Örebro County (Swedish: Örebro län) is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Västra Götaland, Värmland, Dalarna, Västmanland, Södermanland and Östergötland. It is frequently culturally divided into the hilly northern region of Bergslagen, where mining and metallurgic industry have been important since the Middle Ages, and the southern Mälardalen of lakes and farms.

Närke
Närke (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈnæ̌rːkɛ] ⓘ)  is a Swedish traditional province, or landskap, situated in Svealand in south central Sweden. It is bordered by Västmanland to the north, Södermanland to the east, Östergötland to the southeast, Västergötland to the southwest, and Värmland to the northwest. Närke has a surface area of 4,126 km² and a total population of 208,376.
Falmouth Penwerris (electoral division)
Falmouth Penwerris (Cornish: Aberfala Pennweres) is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. The current division is distinct from that of the same name used from 2009 to 2021, after boundary changes at the 2021 local elections. The boundaries of division were not altered during boundary changes at the 2013 local elections.

Falmouth, Cornwall
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth; Cornish (SWF): Aberfala) is a town, civil parish and port on the River Fal on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Falmouth was founded in 1613 by the Killigrew family on a site near the existing Pendennis Castle. It developed as a port on the Carrick Roads harbour, overshadowing the earlier town of Penryn. In the 19th century after the arrival of the railways, tourism became important to its economy. In modern times, both industries maintain a presence in Falmouth and the town is also home to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, a campus of Falmouth University and Falmouth Art Gallery. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24,032.
Wion de Malpas Egerton
Vice-Admiral Wion de Malpas Egerton, DSO (16 April 1879 – 1 January 1943) was a British Royal Navy officer from the Egerton family, who served in World War I and was Deputy Director of Torpedoes and Mining from 1921 to 1922. Egerton was killed in the Second World War as commander of a North Atlantic convoy.

Grey Egerton baronets
The Egerton, later Grey Egerton, later still Egerton baronetcy, of Egerton and Oulton in the county of Chester, is a title in the Baronetage of England held by the senior patrilineal branch of the Egerton family.

One of the earliest English baronetcies created, Sir Roland Egerton left many male descendants in remainder to his title.
Great Valley School District
Great Valley School District is located on the Philadelphia Main Line in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania. The district provides public education for students in Charlestown, East Whiteland, and Willistown townships, as well as the borough of Malvern. It includes the Frazer census-designated place and a portion of the Paoli CDP. The district is located in the general area known locally as Great Valley.

Its headquarters are in East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania.

Philadelphia Main Line
The Philadelphia Main Line, known simply as the Main Line, is an informally delineated historical and social region of suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  Lying along the former Pennsylvania Railroad's once prestigious Main Line, it runs northwest from Center City Philadelphia parallel to Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike, also known as U.S. Route 30.

The railroad first connected the Main Line towns in the 19th century. They became home to sprawling country estates belonging to Philadelphia's wealthiest families, and over the decades became a bastion of "old money". The Main Line includes some of the wealthiest communities in the country, Villanova, Radnor, Haverford, and Merion. Today, the railroad is Amtrak's Keystone Corridor, along which SEPTA's Paoli/Thorndale Line operates.
Sergey Gulyakevich
Sergey Gulyakevich (born 1 June 1981) is a Belarusian professional boxer who competes in the super featherweight division. He is a former European champion for the weight division and world title challenger.

Alex Arthur
Alex Arthur, MBE (born 26 June 1978) is a Scottish former professional boxer and political candidate for the Alba Party. Competing from 2000 to 2012, he held the WBO and WBO interim super featherweight titles in 2007. At regional level, he held the British super featherweight title twice between 2002 and 2006, and the Commonwealth and EBU European super featherweight title from 2005 to 2006.

He ran as a regional candidate in the 2021 Scottish Parliament election as a member of the Alba Party, but quickly sparked controversy due to his online comments mocking travellers, an AIDS survivor, and spreading COVID-19 misinformation.
Bombardier Transportation Polska
Bombardier Transportation Polska is the Polish division of Bombardier Transportation. It comprises the former Pafawag factory in Wrocław and another facility in Łódź as Bombardier Transportation Polska Sp. z o.o. and another manufacturing plant Bombardier Transportation (ZWUS) Polska Sp. z o.o. in Katowice. In February 2011, Bombardier bought out PKP's 60% stake in ZWUS.

Bombardier Transportation
Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, with headquarters in Toronto and Berlin. It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry, prior to being acquired by Alstom in 2021. Bombardier Transportation had many regional offices, production and development facilities worldwide. It produced a wide range of products including passenger rail vehicles, locomotives, bogies, propulsion and controls. In February 2020, the company had 36,000 employees, and 63 manufacturing and engineering locations around the world. Formerly a division of Bombardier Inc., the company was acquired by French manufacturer Alstom on 29 January 2021.
Trophozoite
A trophozoite (G. trope, nourishment + zoon, animal) is the activated, feeding stage in the life cycle of certain protozoa such as malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum and those of the Giardia group. The complementary form of the trophozoite state is the thick-walled cyst form. They are often different from the cyst stage, which is a protective, dormant form of the protozoa. Trophozoites are often found in the host's body fluids and tissues and in many cases, they are the form of the protozoan that causes disease in the host.  In the protozoan, Entamoeba histolytica it invades the intestinal mucosa of its host, causing dysentery, which aid in the trophozoites traveling to the liver and leading to the production of hepatic abscesses.

Apicomplexan life cycle
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is typified by a cellular variety with a distinct morphology and biochemistry.

Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods. This presentation is intended as an outline of a hypothetical generalised apicomplexan organism.
Burcei
Burcei (Sardinian: Brucei) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Cagliari.

Burcei borders the following municipalities: San Vito, Sinnai, Villasalto.

San Vito, Sardinia
San Vito (Sardinian: Santu Idu or Santu Bidu, from Saint Vitus)  is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 45 km (28 mi) northeast of Cagliari.

San Vito borders the Burcei, Castiadas, Muravera, Sinnai, Villaputzu, and Villasalto municipalities.

It is the birthplace of launeddas player Luigi Lai.
QuakeNet
QuakeNet is an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) network, and was one of the largest IRC networks. The network was founded in 1997 by Garfield (Henrik Rasmussen, Denmark) and Oli (Oli Gustafsson, Sweden) as a new home for their respective countries' Quake channels. At its peak on February 8, 2005, the network recorded 243,394 simultaneous connections. As of 2020, there are 9 servers and about 12,000 users remaining.

IRC services
IRC services is a set of features implemented on many Internet Relay Chat networks. Services are automated bots with special status which are generally used to provide users with access with certain privileges and protection. They usually implement some sort of login system so that only people on the access control list can obtain these services.
We Are Here (Flower Travellin' Band album)
We Are Here is the fifth and final album by Japanese rock band Flower Travellin' Band, released in September 2008 by Pony Canyon Records. It is their only album after reuniting in November 2007 and the only one to feature keyboardist Nobuhiko Shinohara as a full member. We Are Here peaked at number 299 on the Oricon chart.

Hideki Ishima
Hideki Ishima (Japanese: 石間 秀機, Hepburn: Ishima Hideki; born March 21, 1944 in Sapporo, Hokkaido) is a Japanese musician, known primarily for his work with Flower Travellin' Band and for creating the sitarla instrument. A guitarist and sitar player for nearly forty years, he now exclusively plays the sitarla, an instrument he invented in 2000 that combines aspects of a sitar with an electric guitar. Guitarists Kazuo Takeda, Akira Takasaki, Rolly, and Mikael Åkerfeldt have cited him as an influence.
Takei temple ruins
The Takei temple ruins (武井廃寺塔跡, Takei Haiji tō ato) is an archaeological site with the foundations of what appears to have been a  pagoda located in what is now the city of Kiryū, Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1941.

Kiryū, Gunma
Kiryū (桐生市, Kiryū-shi) is a city located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 108,991 in 49,745 households, and a population density of 400 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 274.45 square kilometres (105.97 sq mi).
Barbara Howard, Countess of Suffolk
Barbara Howard, Countess of Suffolk (née Villiers;
May/June 1622 – 13 December 1680), formerly Lady Wentworth, was an English courtier and the wife of James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk. She served as First Lady of the Bedchamber for the queen of England, Catherine of Braganza, from 1660–81.

First Lady of the Bedchamber
In British Royal Households, First Lady of the Bedchamber is the title of the highest of the ladies of the bedchamber, those holding the official position of personal attendants on a queen or princess. The title had its equivalent in several European royal courts. The position is traditionally held by a female member of a noble family.
Psocidae
Psocidae is a family of barklice in the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera).

Members of this family are recognized by their wing-venation, where the areola postica is fused to the M-vein, giving rise to the so-called discoidal cell. This family is closely related to Myopsocidae. The family is widespread, including New Zealand.

Myopsocidae
Myopsocidae is a family of mouse-like barklice, belonging to the infraorder Psocetae of the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera). This family is closely related to Psocidae, with which it shares similar wing-venation, but from which it is distinguished by three-segmented tarsi.

There are about 8 genera and at least 180 described species in Myopsocidae.
Raymond Koh
Raymond Koh  Keng Joo (Chinese: 许景裕) (born 2 November 1954, Johor Bahru) is a Christian pastor from Malaysia who was abducted by the Royal Malaysia Police on 13 February 2017. In early November 2025, the Malaysian High Court found the Royal Malaysia Police, and by extension the Malaysian government liable for Koh's forced disappearance in 2017.

Special Branch (Malaysia)
The Special Branch (SB; Malay: Cawangan Khas) is an intelligence agency attached to the Royal Malaysia Police. The SB is empowered to acquire and develop intelligence on internal and external threats to the nation, subversive activities, extremist activities and activities of sabotage and spying. The SB has also been accused of carrying out unlawful enforced disappearances.

The SB is responsible for analyzing situations and advising on the necessary courses of action for various departments and agencies, both within the police department and in coordination with other related agencies. In the past, they have worked together in reforming the Thai Special Branch.
South River Public Schools
The South River Public Schools are a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from South River, in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 2,325 students and 203.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "CD", the sixth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

South River, New Jersey
South River is a borough in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 16,118, an increase of 110 (+0.7%) from the 2010 census count of 16,008, which in turn reflected an increase of 686 (+4.5%) from the 15,322 counted in the 2000 census.

What is now South River was originally formed as the town of Washington within East Brunswick Township on February 23, 1870. South River was incorporated as an independent borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 28, 1898, replacing Washington town. It was named after the Raritan River's South River tributary, which marks the borough's eastern and northeastern boundary.
Parantica
Parantica, commonly called tigers, is an Old World genus of butterflies in subfamily Danainae of family Nymphalidae. They are found in southeastern Asia, Indonesia, Papua-New Guinea, and the Philippines. Many of these species are endemic to islands and considered endangered, vulnerable, or threatened according to the IUCN Red List.
For other butterflies called tigers see the genus Danaus.

Parantica are large, slender, black and light blue or white butterflies. The body appears strikingly small and thin compared to the large wings.

Danaus (butterfly)
Danaus, commonly called tigers, milkweeds, monarchs, wanderers, and queens, is a genus of butterflies in the tiger butterfly tribe. They are found worldwide, including North America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. For other tigers see the genus, Parantica.
Tokuan Station
Tokuan Station (徳庵駅, Tokuan-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Higashiōsaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is also the location of a freight depot of the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).

Higashiōsaka
Higashiōsaka (東大阪市, Higashiōsaka-shi; literally "East Osaka City") is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 486,464 in 233,124 households and a population density of 7,874 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 61.78 square kilometres (23.85 sq mi). The city is known as one of the industrial cities of Japan and "the rugby football town".
Kyustendil dialect
The Kyustendil dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Kyustendil in central western Bulgaria. It borders on the Transitional dialects to the north, the Dupnitsa dialect to the east and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect to the south. It is closely related to the Dupnitsa dialect.

Maleševo-Pirin dialect
The term Maleševo-Pirin or Maleshevo-Pirin or Pirin-Maleshevo dialect is used in South Slavic linguistics to refer to a group of related varieties that are spoken on both sides of the border of Bulgaria and the Republic of North Macedonia. Some linguists treat them as dialects of the Bulgarian language, while Victor Friedman views them as part of Macedonian. According to some authors, they are linguistically transitional between the two national languages, Bulgarian and Macedonian and form part of the larger dialect continuum between them. The dialect group is named after the mountain ranges of Pirin in Bulgaria and Maleševo in Bulgaria and North Macedonia. When referring specifically to the dialects on the Bulgarian side, the term Petrich-Blagoevgrad dialect, after the two major towns in the area, is also used.
Geraldton Airport
Geraldton Airport (IATA: GET, ICAO: YGEL) is an airport located 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) east of Geraldton, Western Australia, in Moonyoonooka along the Geraldton – Mount Magnet Road.

During 2020–2022, on average 65,861 passengers used the airport annually, down from 110,630 for the 3 years prior (2017–2019), a drop attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Geraldton–Mount Magnet Road
Geraldton–Mount Magnet Road is a 335-kilometre-long (208 mi) major regional road in the Mid West region of Western Australia, starting in Utakarra in Geraldton's eastern suburbs, and terminating 333 kilometres (207 mi) east-northeast at Great Northern Highway near the mining town of Mount Magnet. The road is signed as State Route 123, is a two-lane single carriageway for its entire length, and is a major traffic route which is regularly used by heavy vehicles and mine/grain road trains.

The construction of Stage Two of the Geraldton Southern Transport Corridor is expected to remove considerable traffic from the Geraldton end of the road.