hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dap-ay
A dap-ay (Kankanaey pronunciation: [dʌp̚ˈʔai̯]), ato, or ator (Bontoc) is a paved raised ceremonial platform ringed with stone seats and with a central fireplace among the Cordilleran cultures in the northern Philippines. It primarily serves as a venue for meetings and public forums between the council of elders. It is the social, religious, and political center of a certain group of families within a village. The term itself is also used to refer to the indigenous process of decision-making by the elders, or to the council of elders themselves. Dap-ay also usually contain traditional dormitories for young boys in the village.

Among the Ilocano people, a dap-ayan or dap-ay refers to a similar gathering place used for discussions by village leaders.

Igorot people
The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera in northern Luzon, Philippines, often referred to by the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples, are an ethnic group composed of 9 main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains are in the Cordillera Mountain Range, altogether numbering about 1.8 million people in the early 21st century.

Their languages belong to the northern Luzon subgroup of Philippine languages, which in turn belongs to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family. A 2014 genetic study has found that the Kankanaey (an Igorot subgroup from Mountain Province), and by extension other indigenous Cordillera groups, descend almost entirely from the ancient Austronesian expansion originating in Taiwan around 3000-2000 BCE
The Esplanade (Perth)
The Esplanade is a road between Barrack Street and William Street in the Perth central business district.

It follows the edge of the Elizabeth Quay area that has been developed on Perth Water, and has had notable buildings and areas adjacent to its short route.

The properties on the street include CSBP offices (now Wesfarmers House) that followed the demolition of the Esplanade Hotel, the Griffin Centre, and the Atlas Building.

The junction with Sherwood Court shares the Lawson Apartments and with Barrack Street, the Weld Club.

William Street, Perth
William Street is a suburban distributor and one of two major cross-streets in the Perth central business district, Western Australia. Commencing in western Mount Lawley, its route takes it through the Northbridge café and nightclub district as well as the CBD.
Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism
The Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism (French: Parti Algérien pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme, PADS) is a communist party in Algeria. In 1993, during the Algerian Civil War, Ettehadi was realigned as a democratic movement resisting Islamism, the Marxist–Leninist wing split apart under the leadership of Abdelhamid Benzine to retain its Marxist–Leninist legacy.

PADS publishes the newspaper Le Lien des Ouvriers et Paysans (The Link of the Workers and Peasants).

Democratic and Social Movement (Algeria)
The Democratic and Social Movement (Arabic: الحركة الديمقراطية والاجتماعية, romanized: al-Ḥarakah al-Dīmuqrāṭīyah wa-al-Ijtimāʻīyah; French: Mouvement Démocratique et Social, MDS) is a political party in Algeria that was founded in 1966.
Madhyamakālaṃkāra
The Madhyamakālaṃkāra (lit. 'Ornament of the Middle Way') is an 8th-century Buddhist text, believed to have been originally composed in Sanskrit by Śāntarakṣita (725–788), which is extant in Tibetan. The Tibetan text was translated from the Sanskrit by Surendrabodhi (Wylie: lha dbang byang chub) and Jñānasūtra.

Jamgön Ju Mipham Gyatso
Jamgön Ju Mipham Gyatso, or Mipham Jamyang Namgyal Gyamtso  (1846–1912) (also known as "Mipham the Great") was a very influential philosopher and polymath of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. He wrote over 32 volumes on topics such as painting, poetics, sculpture, alchemy, medicine, logic, philosophy and tantra. Mipham's works are still central to the scholastic curriculum in Nyingma monasteries today. Mipham is also considered to be one of the leading figures in the Rimé (non-sectarian) movement in Tibet.
Hungarian Catholic Eparchy of Miskolc
The Eparchy of Miskolc (Latin Dioecesis Miskolcensis) is an eparchy (diocese) of the Hungarian Greek Catholic Church which is a particular church sui iuris of the Catholic Church. It uses the Byzantine Rite in the Hungarian language in its liturgical services.

It is a suffragan diocese of the Archeparchy of Hajdúdorog which is a sui iuris metropolis of the Church that covers the entire country of Hungary. It depends on the Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches.

The cathedral church of the eparchy  is the Cathedral of the Assumption ("Nagyboldogasszony püspöki székesegyház"), in the city of Miskolc in north-eastern Hungary.

Hungarian Greek Catholic Church
The Hungarian Greek Catholic Church or the Byzantine Catholic Church in Hungary is a sui iuris (autonomous) Eastern Catholic church based in Hungary. As a particular church of the Catholic Church, it is in full communion with the Holy See. Its liturgical usage is that of the Byzantine Rite in the Hungarian language.
Advanced glycation end-product
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids that become glycated after exposure to sugars. They are formed through a series of non-enzymatic reactions explained in further detail below, and their accumulation is associated with a variety of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, age-related macular degeneration (even in non-diabetic animals), and Alzheimer's disease.

Methylglyoxal
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CHO.  It is a reduced derivative of pyruvic acid.  It is a reactive compound that is implicated in the biology of diabetes.  Methylglyoxal is produced industrially by degradation of carbohydrates using overexpressed methylglyoxal synthase.
Aaskov Municipality
Until 1 January 2007 Aaskov Municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Ringkøbing County on the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark.   The municipality covered an area of 239 km2, and had a total population of 6,999 (2005). Its latest mayor was Jørgen Jørgensen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Kibæk.  Another town in the municipality was Sdr. Felding.

Aaskov municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). On January 1, 2007 it was merged with former Aulum-Haderup, Herning, and Trehøje municipalities to form the new Herning municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 1,336 km2 and a total population of 82,935 (2005). The new municipality belongs to the Region Midtjylland ("Mid-Jutland Region").

Trehøje Municipality
Trehøje was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Ringkjøbing County on the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 296 km2, and had a total population of 9,929 (2005).  Its mayor was Svend Blæsbjerg, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party.

The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Vildbjerg.

Neighboring municipalities were Herning and Aulum-Haderup to the east, Holstebro to the north, Ulfborg-Vemb and Ringkøbing to the west, and Videbæk to the south.

By January 1, 2007, Trehøje municipality ceased to exist, as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It merged with the existing Aulum-Haderup, Herning, and Aaskov municipalities to form the new Herning municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 1,336 km2 and a total population of 82,935 (2005).  The new municipality belongs to the new Region Midtjylland ("Mid-Jutland Region").
Lucius Aemilius Papus
Lucius Aemilius Papus (fl. 216 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He jointly commanded the Roman armies which defeated the Gauls at the Battle of Telamon in 225 BC; his co-Consul, Gaius Atilius Regulus was killed during the battle. Papus was honoured with a triumph for this victory. He subsequently held several senior positions. He belonged to the patrician gens Aemilia.

Aemilia gens
The gens Aemilia, originally written Aimilia, was one of the greatest patrician families at ancient Rome.  The gens was of great antiquity, and claimed descent from Numa Pompilius, the second King of Rome.  Its members held the highest offices of the state, from the early decades of the Republic to imperial times.  The Aemilii were almost certainly one of the gentes maiores, the most important of the patrician families.  Their name was associated with three major roads (the Via Aemilia, the Via Aemilia Scauri, and the Via Aemilia in Hirpinis), an administrative region of Italy, and the Basilica Aemilia at Rome.
Kurrama language
Kurrama is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is a dialect of Yindjibarndi, one of the Ngayarda languages of the large Pama–Nyungan family, with almost identical vocabulary and grammar, but speakers consider it to be a distinct language.

The language name has also previously been written as: Kurama, Gurrama, Gurama (amongst others). While there is no official orthography for Kurrama the Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre uses the spelling "Kurrama" in all its publications.

A number of linguists have carried out work on Kurrama however there is not yet a comprehensive grammatical description of the language. The Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre has an ongoing program of documentation of Pilbara languages, including Kurrama.

The Kurrama people associated with the language are an indigenous Australian group whose traditional lands are centred on the higher plateau regions of the Hamersley Ranges.

Yinjibarndi language
Yinjibarndi is a Pama–Nyungan language spoken by the Yindjibarndi people of the Pilbara region in north-western Australia.

Yinjibarndi is mutually intelligible with Kurrama, but the two are considered distinct languages by their speakers.
Curt Simmons
Curtis Thomas Simmons (May 19, 1929 – December 13, 2022) was an American professional baseball left-handed pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1947 to 1950 and 1952 to 1967. Along with right-hander Robin Roberts (a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame), Simmons was one of the twin anchors of the starting rotation of the "Whiz Kids", the Philadelphia Phillies' 1950 National League (NL) championship team. A three-time MLB All-Star, he also played for the St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, and California Angels.

Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania
Whitehall Township is a township with home rule status in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township's population was 29,173 as of the 2020 census.

Whitehall Township is a suburb of Allentown in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan region, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

The township is 4.4 miles (7.1 km) north of Allentown, 64.1 miles (103.2 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 93.7 miles (150.8 km) west of New York City.
Si Phraya Road
Si Phraya Road (Thai: ถนนสี่พระยา, pronounced [sìː pʰráʔ.jāː]) is a road in Bang Rak District, Bangkok, Thailand. It divides the areas of Maha Phruettharam and Si Phraya subdistricts. Built in 1906 by four noblemen of the rank phraya (hence the name, which means 'four phraya'), the road runs from Si Phraya Pier at the mouth of the Phadung Krung Kasem Canal to Sam Yan Intersection, where it meets the Phaya Thai and Rama IV Roads.

Bang Rak district
Bang Rak (Thai: บางรัก, pronounced [bāːŋ rák]) is one of the fifty districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It lies on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya River, beyond Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem, which marked the old city boundary. Originating from riverside settlements dating from before the city's foundation, Bang Rak grew inland as new roads and canals were constructed through the area during the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth, attracting communities of expatriates and developing into a major commercial district.

Bangkok's rapid economic growth in the late twentieth century saw the areas along Si Lom and Sathon roads transformed into one of the city's main business districts, teeming with skyscrapers. The district, officially recognised at least since 1908, covers an area of 5.54 square kilometres (2.14 sq mi), and has a registered population of 48,227 (as of 2019).
The Mysterious Benedict Society and the Perilous Journey
The Mysterious Benedict Society and the Perilous Journey is a bestselling children's novel written by Trenton Lee Stewart and illustrated by Diana Sudyka, published in 2008. It is the second book in the series, following The Mysterious Benedict Society (2007).

The Mysterious Benedict Society (novel)
The Mysterious Benedict Society is a novel written by Trenton Lee Stewart and illustrated by Carson Ellis, first published in 2007. It tells the story of four gifted children: Reynie Muldoon, George "Sticky" Washington, Kate Wetherall, and Constance Contraire, who together form the "Mysterious Benedict Society" and are sent to investigate an institution called L.I.V.E. (the Learning Institute for the Very Enlightened), run by a man named Ledroptha Curtain. The book is the first in a series that has sold over three million copies.
Louisbourg Grenadiers
The Louisbourg Grenadiers was a temporary unit of grenadiers formed by General James Wolfe in 1759 to serve with British Army forces in the Quebec campaign of the Seven Years' War.

Grenadiers from the 22nd, 40th, and 45th regiments were brought together by Wolfe at the Fortress of Louisbourg in Nova Scotia in preparation for action along the St. Lawrence River. The unit was involved in numerous battles during the months-long prelude to the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, including the ill-fated Battle of Beauport on July 31, 1759. After Quebec City's capture, the Grenadiers went on to be involved in the fall of Montreal the next year. After the end of the Seven Years' War, the unit was disbanded and its members returned to their original regiments.

40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot
The 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1717 in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) to form the Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) in 1881.
Árva County
Árva County (Hungarian: Árva vármegye, Latin: Comitatus Arvensis, Slovak: Oravská stolica/župa, German: Komitat Arwa, Polish: Komitat Orawa) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary since the 14th century until 1920. Its territory is now in northern Slovakia and southern Poland. Today, the Slovak name is only used as an informal designation of the corresponding territory (see Orava region).

Turóc County
Turóc (Hungarian, historically also spelled Túrócz), Slovak: Turiec, Latin: Thurotzium/comitatus Thurociensis, German: Turz) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in north-western Slovakia, where the corresponding Slovak name Turiec is only an informal designation of the corresponding territory.
Province of Pescara
The province of Pescara (Italian: provincia di Pescara; Abruzzese: pruvìngie de Pescàre) is a province in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pescara, which has a population of 119,483 inhabitants. As of 2017, it has a total population of 319,936 inhabitants over an area of 1,230.33 square kilometres (475.03 sq mi). The provincial president is Antonio Zaffiri and the province contains 46 comuni (sg.: comune).

Provinces of Italy
The provinces of Italy (Italian: province d'Italia) are the second-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, on an intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as "institutional bodies of second level".

There are currently 110 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 82 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 15 metropolitan cities, as well as the Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province).

Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions.
Ramification (mathematics)
In geometry, ramification is 'branching out', in the way that the square root function, for complex numbers, can be seen to have two branches differing in sign. The term is also used from the opposite perspective (branches coming together) as when a covering map degenerates at a point of a space, with some collapsing of the fibers of the mapping.

Unramified morphism
In algebraic geometry, an unramified morphism is a morphism  of schemes such that (a) it is locally of finite presentation and (b) for each  and , we have that

The residue field  is a separable algebraic extension of .

where  and  are maximal ideals of the local rings.

A flat unramified morphism is called an étale morphism. Less strongly, if  satisfies the conditions when restricted to sufficiently small neighborhoods of  and , then  is said to be unramified near .

Some authors prefer to use weaker conditions, in which case they call a morphism satisfying the above a G-unramified morphism.
433rd Weapons Squadron
The 433rd Weapons Squadron is a United States Air Force unit, assigned to the USAF Weapons School at Nellis AFB, Nevada.

The unit was first activated during World War II in May 1943 and flew the P-38 Lightning in the Pacific Theater of Operations. The 433rd distinguished themselves in air combat against Japan over New Guinea, Rabaul, and the Philippines, achieving over 200 aerial victories. Reactivated in 1964 for the war in Southeast Asia, the 433rd was assigned to the 8th Fighter Wing at Ubon, Thailand, flying the F-4 Phantom II. The 433rd was credited with 12 MiG kills over North Vietnam.

57th Wing
The 57th Wing (57 WG) is an operational unit of the United States Air Force (USAF) Warfare Center, stationed at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada.

The 57 WG's mission is to provide well trained and well equipped combat forces ready to deploy into a combat arena to conduct integrated combat operations.
Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration
The Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration was one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organization set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). At the 70th National Film Awards, the category was discontinued and combined with Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation, Best Film on Family Welfare and Best Film on Other Social Issues. The new award is named as Best Feature Film Promoting National, Social and Environmental Values.

The award was instituted in 1965, at 13th National Film Awards and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages.

National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare
The National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare was one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It was one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). At the 70th National Film Awards, the category was discontinued and combined with Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation, Best Film on National Integration and Best Film on Other Social Issues. The new award is named as Best Feature Film Promoting National, Social and Environmental Values.

The award was instituted in 1968, at 16th National Film Awards and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages Hindi (7 Awards), Bengali (4 Awards), Malayalam (5 awards), Tamil (3 awards), Kannada, English and Gujarati (1 each).
Selenite (gypsum)
Selenite is a mostly clear, transparent variety of the sulfate mineral gypsum.

The name selenite is also commonly used for other varieties of gypsum, including satin spar gypsum, desert roses, and gypsum flowers.

All varieties of gypsum, including selenite, satin spar, and alabaster, are composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (meaning that it has two molecules of water), with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. Selenite contains no selenium; the similar names both derive from Greek selḗnē (σελήνη 'Moon').

Some of the largest crystals ever found are of selenite, the largest specimen found in the Naica Mine's Cave of the Crystals being 12 meters long and weighing 12 tons.

Chatoyancy
In gemology, chatoyancy (/ʃəˈtɔɪ.ənsi/ shə-TOY-ən-see), also called chatoyance or the cat's eye effect, is an optical reflectance effect seen in certain gemstones. (Historically, the term has applied specifically to gems; in woods and other materials the effect is more broadly known as "figure" or iridescence.)

Coined from the French œil de chat, meaning cat's eye, the chatoyant effect is typically characterized by one or more well-defined bands of reflected light, reminiscent of a cat's eye, which appear to glide across a gem's surface as the object is moved, or when the observer moves while viewing it.

Chatoyancy is caused by the presence of fibrous structures within the material, such as in tiger's eye quartz, or by fibrous inclusions and cavities, as seen in cat's eye chrysoberyl, in which the effect is caused by the presence of titanium dioxide, which aligns perpendicularly to produce the effect.
Pobiedziska
Pobiedziska ([pɔbʲɛˈd͡ʑiska]) (German: Pudewitz) is a town in Poznań County, in west-central Poland, with 8,209 inhabitants as of the year 2004. It is also the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Pobiedziska.

Gmina Pobiedziska
Gmina Pobiedziska is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Pobiedziska, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 189.27 square kilometres (73.1 sq mi), including the southern part of the protected forest area of Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park and the whole of Promno Landscape Park. As of 2006 the total population of the gmina is 16,382 (out of which the population of Pobiedziska amounts to 8,329, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 8,053).
Aortic sinus
An aortic sinus, also known as a sinus of Valsalva, is one of the anatomic dilations of the ascending aorta, which occurs just above the aortic valve. These widenings are between the wall of the aorta and each of the three cusps of the aortic valve.

The aortic sinuses cause eddies which prevent the valve cusps from touching the internal surface of the aorta and obstructing the openings of the coronary arteries.

Ascending aorta
The ascending aorta (AAo) is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum.
Yoshinaga, Okayama
Yoshinaga (吉永町, Yoshinaga-chō) was a town located in Wake District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,254 and a density of 59.27 persons per km2. The total area was 88.65 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Yoshinaga, along with the town of Hinase (also from Wake District), was merged into the expanded city of Bizen.

Bizen, Okayama
Bizen (備前市, Bizen-shi) is a city located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 January 2023, the city had an estimated population of 32,019 in 15,467 households and a population density of 120 persons per km². The total area of the city is 258.14 square kilometres (99.67 sq mi).