hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daugava
The Daugava (/ˈdaʊɡəvə/ DOW-gə-və), also known as the Western Dvina or the Väina River, is a large river rising in the Valdai Hills of Russia that flows through Belarus and Latvia into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea. The Daugava rises close to the source of the Volga. It is 1,020 km (630 mi) in length, of which 352 km (219 mi) are in Latvia and 325 km (202 mi) in Russia. It is a westward-flowing river, tracing out a great south-bending curve as it passes through northern Belarus.

Latvia's capital, Riga, bridges the river's estuary four times. Built on both riverbanks, the city centre is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the river's mouth and is a significant port.

Gulf of Riga
The Gulf of Riga, also known as the Bay of Riga or the Gulf of Livonia, is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia.

The island of Saaremaa (Estonia) partially separates it from the rest of the Baltic Sea. The main connection between the gulf and the Baltic Sea is the Irbe Strait.

The Gulf of Riga, as a sub-basin of the Baltic, also includes the Väinameri Sea in the West Estonian archipelago.
EnChroma
EnChroma are a brand of color corrective lenses designed to address the symptoms of red–green color blindness. Studies have shown that these lenses can alter the appearance of colors, but they do not restore normal color vision, and generally agree that they do not allow the wearer to see "new" colors.

Several peer-reviewed studies have nonetheless reported positive effects among anomalous trichromats in real-world or laboratory testing, including increased color discrimination. Additionally, research co-authored by EnChroma consultants John Werner and Kenneth Knoblauch has reported enhanced chromatic contrast perception and adaptive changes from long-term use.

Color blind glasses
Color blind glasses or color correcting lenses are light filters, usually in the form of glasses or contact lenses, that attempt to alleviate color blindness, by bringing deficient color vision closer to normal color vision or to make certain color tasks easier to accomplish. Despite its viral status, the academic literature is generally skeptical of the efficacy of color correcting lenses.
Army Music Command
The Army Music Command (French: Commandement des Musiques de l’Armée de Terre, COMMAT)) is an organization under the direct authority of the Chief of Staff of the French Army. It is composed of a staff stationed in Versailles and 6 army bands throughout France in the following cities: Lille, Lyon, Metz, Toulouse, Rennes and Versailles.

These 6 bands include the following:

Marine Band (Versailles)

Artillery Band (Lyon)

Signals Band (Rennes)

Infantry Band (Lille)

Cavalry and Armored Branch Band (Metz)

Parachute Band (Toulouse)

The Army Music Command (COMMAT) is responsible for :

The implementation and use of Army formations,

The professional training of military musicians,

The administration, management and operation of attached professional music,

The specific support of Army musical formations,

The constitution, preparation and projection of elements for operational missions

In addition, COMMAT's mission is to provide musical support by accompanying the land forces.

Infantry Band
The Infantry Band (French: Musique de l'Infanterie, M-INF) is a military band of France based out of Lille. It is one of the six musical units of the Army Music Command. It is also operationally attached to the 43rd Infantry Regiment. It is currently led by Chef de Musique Martial Drapeau. Since 1 September 2016, it has been based in Lille as the first professional military brass band. It was originally established in 1638 as the Royal des Vaisseaux or Royal Vessel. It used to be known officially as the Band of the 43rd Infantry Regiment and the Musique des Forces Terrestres (Band of the Land Forces). Today it conducts ceremonies such as formal concerts and anniversary parades. In recent years, it has participated events such as the Quebec City Military Tattoo, the Memorial Day ceremonies at the Somme American Cemetery, and the Birmingham Tattoo. It has also visited countries such as Morocco, Georgia, Mexico.
I Taut I Taw a Puddy-Tat
"I Taut I Taw A Puddy-Tat" is a novelty song composed and written by Alan Livingston, Billy May and Warren Foster.  It was sung by Mel Blanc, who provided the voice of the bird, Tweety and of his nemesis Sylvester.

Sylvester the Cat
Sylvester J. Pussycat Sr. is a cartoon character, an anthropomorphic cat in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. Most of his appearances have him often chasing Tweety, Speedy Gonzales, or Hippety Hopper. He appeared in 103 cartoons in the golden age of American animation, lagging only behind superstars Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, and Daffy Duck. Three of his cartoons won Academy Awards, the most for any starring a Looney Tunes character: they are Tweetie Pie, Speedy Gonzales, and Birds Anonymous.
Windows Phone Store
Windows Phone Store was a digital distribution platform developed by Microsoft for the Windows Phone. It allowed publishers to release apps which could be downloaded to users smartphones.

The app store was initially launched as Windows Phone Marketplace alongside Windows Phone 7 in October 2010. With the rollout of Windows Phone 7.5, Microsoft unveiled the Marketplace, which offered over-the-air installation of apps. In August 2012, Microsoft renamed the Marketplace to Windows Phone Store. In July 2015, the Windows Phone Store was replaced by the Windows Store, which would act as a unified solution for all Windows-powered devices. This process was complemented by the Apps on Windows website, an interim solution before the unified Windows Store. The Windows Phone Store shut down for Windows Phone 8.1 systems on December 16, 2019.

Windows Phone 8.1
Windows Phone 8.1 is the third generation of Microsoft Mobile's Windows Phone mobile operating system, succeeding Windows Phone 8. Rolled out at Microsoft's Build Conference in San Francisco, California on April 2, 2014, it was released in final form to Windows Phone developers on April 14, 2014 and reached general availability on August 4, 2014. All Windows Phones running Windows Phone 8 can be upgraded to Windows Phone 8.1, with release dependent on carrier rollout dates.

Windows Phone 8.1 is also the last version that uses the Windows Phone brand name as it was succeeded by Windows 10 Mobile. Some Windows Phone 8.1 devices are capable of being upgraded to Windows 10 Mobile. Microsoft delayed the upgrade and reduced the supported device list from their initial promise. Support ended for Windows Phone 8.1 on July 11, 2017.
Mary Pratt (painter)
Mary Frances Pratt, CC RCA D.Litt (née West) (March 15, 1935 – August 14, 2018) was a Canadian painter known for photo-realist still life paintings. Pratt never thought of her work as being focused on one subject matter: her early work is often of domestic scenes, while later work may have a darker undertone, with people as the central subject matter. She painted what appealed to her, being emotionally connected to her subject. Pratt often spoke of conveying the sensuality of light in her paintings, and of the "erotic charge" her chosen subjects possessed.

The Rooms
The Rooms is a cultural facility in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The facility opened on June 29, 2005 and houses the Art Gallery of Newfoundland and Labrador, the Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Provincial Museum of Newfoundland and Labrador.

The facility was constructed on a hill overlooking the port city, at a historic location once occupied by Fort Townshend.
Tetrastix
In geometry, it is possible to fill 3/4 of the volume of three-dimensional Euclidean space by three sets of infinitely-long square prisms aligned with the three coordinate axes, leaving cubical voids. John Horton Conway, Heidi Burgiel and Chaim Goodman-Strauss have named this structure tetrastix.

Hexastix
Hexastix is a symmetric arrangement of non-intersecting prisms that, when extended infinitely, fill exactly 3/4 of space. The prisms in a hexastix arrangement are all parallel to 4 directions on the body-centered cubic lattice. In The Symmetries of Things, John Horton Conway, Heidi Burgiel, and Chaim Goodman-Strauss named this structure hexastix.
Geihoku, Hiroshima
Geihoku (芸北町, Geihoku-chō) was a town located in Yamagata District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 2,838 and a density of 11.19 persons per km2. The total area was 253.63 km2.

On February 1, 2005, Geihoku, along with the towns of Chiyoda, Ōasa and Toyohira (all from Yamagata District), was merged to create the town of Kitahiroshima.

The town of Geihoku revolves around its location on Route 191 which links southern Hiroshima prefecture to the Japan Sea coast at Masuda in Shimane prefecture. It's a popular road for driving with various spots to visit, such as Lake Hijiriko and the Sandankyo Gorge and is the access to a majority of the ski resorts in the region.

Kitahiroshima, Hiroshima
Kitahiroshima (北広島町, Kitahiroshima-chō) is a town in Yamagata District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2023, the town had an estimated population of 17,333 in 8333 households and a population density of 27 inhabitants per square kilometre (70/sq mi). The total area of the town is 646.20 square kilometres (249.50 sq mi).
C-Station
C-Station Co., Ltd. (Japanese: シーステイション株式会社, Hepburn: Shīsuteishon Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese animation studio established in 2009 as an extension of Bee Train Production and chaired by Ryoji Maru, a former producer and production manager for Bee Train.

In 2012, C-Station split from Bee Train and in 2013, it was announced that it would be animating the series Dragonar Academy, making it their first produced show.

Dragonar Academy
Dragonar Academy (Japanese: 星刻(せいこく)の竜騎士(ドラグナー), Hepburn: Seikoku no Doragunā; lit. "Star-Marked Dragonar") is a Japanese light novel series written by Shiki Mizuchi, illustrated by Kohada Shimesaba, and published by Media Factory under the MF Bunko J imprint. The first volume was released on June 25, 2010, with a total of 20 volumes available in Japan so far. A manga adaptation by the illustrator, Ran, began serialization in Monthly Comic Alive during its June 2011 issue. It was one of five MF Bunko J light novel anime adaptations announced at Media Factory's Summer School Festival event on July 28, 2013. It has been licensed for North America by Funimation.
Hui (informal loan club)
Hui (traditional Chinese: 會; simplified Chinese: 会; pinyin: huì; Vietnamese: hụi; lit. 'group, association') refers to a group-based rotating saving and credit scheme that is popular among many immigrant and migrant communities throughout the United States and Taiwan. Biao Hui (simplified Chinese: 标会; traditional Chinese: 標會; pinyin: biāo huì; lit. 'to bid in Hui', Vietnamese: chơi hụi, lit. 'to play in Hui') is the verb when someone is engaging or participating in Hui.

Rotating savings and credit association
A rotating savings and credit association (ROSCA) is a group of individuals who agree to meet for a defined period in order to save and borrow together, a form of combined peer-to-peer banking and peer-to-peer lending. Members all chip in regularly and take turns withdrawing accumulated sums.

Economist F. J. A. Bouman described ROSCAs as "the poor man's bank, where money is not idle for long but changes hands rapidly, satisfying both consumption and production needs."
Estes Park, Colorado
Estes Park (/ˈɛstɪs/) is a statutory town in southwestern Larimer County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 5,904 at the 2020 United States census. Estes Park is a part of the Fort Collins, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. A popular summer resort and the location of the headquarters for Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park lies along the Big Thompson River. Landmarks include The Stanley Hotel and The Baldpate Inn. The town overlooks Lake Estes and Olympus Dam.

U.S. Route 34 in Colorado
U.S. Route 34 (US 34) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Granby, Colorado, to Berwyn, Illinois. In the U.S. state of Colorado, US 34 is a 260-mile-long (420 km) road that spans across northern Colorado. It begins at US 40 in Granby and ends at the Nebraska border, where it continues as US 34, east of Laird.
Carbon copy
A carbon copy is a method of document copying where the original document is placed over a sheet of carbon paper and a blank sheet, then pressure is applied on the original document, so the document is printed on the blank sheet with carbon.

When copies of business letters were so produced, it was customary to use the acronym "CC" or "cc" before a colon and below the writer's signature to inform the principal recipient that carbon copies had been made and distributed to the parties listed after the colon. With the advent of word processors and e-mail, "cc" is used as a merely formal indication of the distribution of letters to secondary recipients.

Copying
Copying is the duplication of information or an artifact based on an instance of that information or artifact, and not using the process that originally generated it. With analog forms of information, copying is only possible to a limited degree of accuracy, which depends on the quality of the equipment used and the skill of the operator. There is some inevitable generation loss, deterioration and accumulation of "noise" (random small changes) from original to copy when copies are made. This deterioration accumulates with each generation. With digital forms of information, copying is perfect. Copy and paste is frequently used by a computer user when they select and copy an area of text or content.
Jiggs dinner
Jiggs dinner, also called boiled dinner or cooked dinner, is a traditional meal commonly prepared and eaten on Sundays in Newfoundland and other Atlantic provinces. Corned beef and cabbage was the favourite meal of Jiggs, the central character in the popular, long-running comic strip Bringing Up Father by George McManus and Zeke Zekley.

The name of the dish is also occasionally rendered as Jigs dinner or Jigg's dinner, and it may be referred to colloquially as JD.

George McManus
George McManus (January 23, 1884 – October 22, 1954) was an American cartoonist best known as the creator of Irish immigrant Jiggs and his wife Maggie, the main characters of his syndicated comic strip, Bringing Up Father.
Strondafjorden
Strondafjorden (lit. 'Stronda Fjord') is a lake which lies in Nord-Aurdal Municipality and Vestre Slidre Municipality in the Valdres region of Innlandet county, Norway. The lake is part of the Begna watershed. The 13.4-square-kilometre (5.2 sq mi) lake sits at an elevation of 355 metres (1,165 ft) above sea level and it has a circumference of 46 kilometres (29 mi). The town of Fagernes is located at the southeast end of the lake.

The northwest end of the lake is crossed by the Ulnes Bridge in the village of Røn. The European route E16 highway runs along the north shore of the lake, for its whole length. The Strondafjorden is a reservoir for the Faslefoss hydroelectric power plant. In 1919, a dam was built at the south end of the lake to regulate the lake for power production. At the outlet of the dam, there is the 37-metre (121 ft) tall Faslefoss waterfall.

Nord-Aurdal Municipality
Nord-Aurdal is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Valdres. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Fagernes. Other urban centres in Nord-Aurdal include the villages of Aurdal, Leira, and Skrautvål. The municipality is served by Fagernes Airport, Leirin. In Nord-Aurdal, there is an alpine skiing center called Valdres Alpinsenter.

The 906.47-square-kilometre (349.99 sq mi) municipality is the 128th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Nord-Aurdal Municipality is the 154th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,455. The municipality's population density is 7.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Amnicola
Amnicola is a genus of very small freshwater snails which have an operculum. Amnicola species are aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks belonging to the family Amnicolidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Amnicola is the type genus of the family Amnicolidae.

Amnicolidae
Amnicolidae is a family of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea.

This family is in the clade Littorinimorpha (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family was previously considered to be a subfamily of Hydrobiidae.
Brutalichnus
Brutalichnus is an ichnogenus. A case study from the Miocene of the Czech Republic found that Brutalichnus and two other ichnogenera have evidence of biting and gnawing traces on reptilian and mammalian bones. Brutalichnus contains one ichnospecies, Brutalichnus brutalis. The ichnogenera Machichnus and Nihilichnus were described in the same paper.

Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling (2019) consider Brutalichnus to be a nomen dubium.

Nihilichnus
Nihilichnus is an ichnogenus of trace fossil. It was first described from bite traces in 2006. The ichnogenus originally contained two ichnospecies, Nihilichnus nihilicus and Nihilichnus mortalis. The ichnogenera Brutalichnus and Machichnus were described in the same paper.
Spitak
Spitak (Armenian: Սպիտակ), is a town and urban municipal community in the northern Lori Province of Armenia. It is 96 km (60 mi) north of the capital, Yerevan, and 22 km (14 mi) west of the provincial center, Vanadzor. Spitak was entirely destroyed during the devastating 1988 Armenian earthquake, and it was rebuilt in a slightly different location. Currently, the town has an approximate population of 13,133 as per the 2022 census.

Vanadzor
Vanadzor (Armenian: Վանաձոր, IPA: [vɑnɑˈd͡zɔɾ]) is an urban municipal community and the third-largest city in Armenia, serving as the capital of Lori Province in the northern part of the country. It is located about 128 kilometres (80 miles) north of the capital Yerevan. As of the 2011 census, the city had a population of 86,199, down from 148,876 reported at the 1979 official census. Currently, the town has a population of approximately 75,186 as of the 2022 census. Vanadzor is the seat of the Diocese of Gougark of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
St. Jakob Stadium
The St. Jakob Stadium was a football stadium in Basel, Switzerland and the former home of Swiss club FC Basel. It was built in view of the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and as well as serving as a club stadium, it hosted several important matches, including some FIFA World Cup matches in 1954 and four European Cup Winners' Cup finals.

After closing in 1998, St. Jakob-Park was built in its place. It was nicknamed "Joggeli" (a diminutive of "Jakob" in the local dialect) by Basel supporters.

St. Jakob-Park
St. Jakob-Park (Swiss Standard German: [zaŋkt ˈjaːkɔb ˌpark] ⓘ) is a Swiss sports stadium in Basel. It is the largest football venue in Switzerland and home to FC Basel. "Joggeli", as the venue is nicknamed by the locals, was originally built with a capacity of 33,433 seats. The capacity was increased to 42,500 for Euro 2008, which was hosted by Austria and Switzerland. After the tournament, a number of seats were removed, thus creating more space between them. The capacity was therefore reduced to 38,512 for Swiss Super League matches or 37,500 seats for international matches The maximum capacity for concerts is 40,000.

The stadium is named after the village of St. Jakob an der Birs, which stood on the site. The name "Joggeli" is the diminutive of "Jakob" in the local dialect, making it the equivalent of "Jake".
Jabalia
Jabalia, also spelled Jabalya (Arabic: جباليا), is a city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, located 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) north of Gaza City, in the North Gaza Governorate of the Gaza Strip. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Jabalia had a population of 172,704 in 2017. In addition to Jabalia, the city municipality contains the Jabalia refugee camp and the town of Nazla, the latter of which was an independent village council before being merged with Jabalia.

North Gaza Governorate
The North Gaza Governorate (Arabic: محافظة شمال غزة) is a governorate of Palestine in the Gaza Strip. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the governorate had a population of 270,245 (7.2% of the Palestinian population) with 40,262 households in mid-year 2007 encompassing three municipalities, two rural districts and one refugee camp.

North Gaza has seen numerous strikes during the Gaza war, including attacks on the Shadia Abu Ghazala School and Beit Lahia.
38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot
The 38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1705. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers) to form the South Staffordshire Regiment in 1881.

Battle of Roliça
At the Battle of Roliça (17 August 1808), the first battle fought by the British army during the Peninsular War, an Anglo-Portuguese army under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeated an outnumbered Imperial French division under General of Division Henri François Delaborde, near the village of Roliça in Portugal. The French retired in good order.
Anti-Horse Thief Association
The Anti Horse Thief Association was a vigilance committee, organized at Fort Scott, Kansas, in 1859 to provide protection against marauders thriving on border warfare.  It resembled other vigilance societies in organization and methods, although it did not share some of the shadier tactics of other vigilance committees and members of the Regulators.  It achieved great success in apprehending offenders over a wide area.  Though it initially focused on horse theft, it diversified into other areas while still retaining the original name.

Vigilance committee
A vigilance committee is a group of private citizens who take it upon themselves to administer law and order or exercise power in places where they consider the governmental structures or actions inadequate. Prominent historical examples of vigilance committees engaged in forms of vigilantism include abolitionist committees who, beginning in the 1830s, worked to free enslaved people and aid fugitive slaves, in violation of the laws at the time. However, many other vigilance committees were explicitly grounded in racial prejudice and xenophobia, administering extrajudicial punishment to abolitionists or members of minority groups.
Lee Miller
Elizabeth "Lee" Miller, Lady Penrose (April 23, 1907 – July 21, 1977) was an American photographer and photojournalist. Miller was a fashion model in New York City in the 1920s before going to Paris, becoming a fashion and fine-art photographer there.

During World War II, she was a war photographer and correspondent for Vogue magazine, covering events such as the London Blitz, the liberation of Paris and the concentration camps at Buchenwald and Dachau. Being a woman, Miller was long denied recognition as an artist in her own right, but her son's discovery and promotion of her work has established her reputation as an art and war photographer.

Carolyn Burke
Carolyn Burke (born March 29, 1940) is an Australian-born American writer, translator, and author of four biographies. Her first was a life of the English poet Mina Loy, published in 1996 and reprinted in 2021. She has also written books about the American photographer Lee Miller, the French chanteuse Edith Piaf, and the interwoven lives of four iconic figures of American art, Alfred Stieglitz, Georgia O’Keeffe, Paul Strand, and Rebecca Salsbury.