hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacob ben Reuben (rabbi)
Jacob ben Reuben was a Spanish rabbi and polemicist of the twelfth century. In response to attacks by the convert Petrus Alphonsi, he wrote the Sefer Milhamot Adonai or Milhamoth ha-Shem ("Book of the Wars of the Lord"). This work was divided into twelve chapters, and contained, besides refutations of the Christian arguments drawn from the Tanakh, a thorough criticism of the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles, in which he points out many apparent contradictions.

It was one of the earliest Jewish polemical works of medieval Europe.

Petrus Alphonsi
Petrus Alphonsi (died after 1116) was a Spanish physician, writer, astronomer and polemicist who was born and raised as a Jew and later in life converted to Christianity in 1106. He is also known just as Alphonsi, and as Peter Alfonsi or Peter Alphonso, and was born Moses Sephardi. Born in Islamic Spain, he mostly lived in England and France after his conversion.
Żurawiec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Żurawiec [ʐuˈravjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Markusy, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Markusy, 1 km (1 mi) south of Elbląg, and 80 km (50 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Markusy
Gmina Markusy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Markusy, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Elbląg and 79 km (49 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 108.56 square kilometres (41.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,103.
Rural Municipality of Hillsburg
The Rural Municipality of Hillsburg is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on November 19, 1912. It ceased on January 1, 2015, as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Shell River and the Town of Roblin to form the Municipality of Hillsburg – Roblin – Shell River.

The Valley River 63A Indian reserve lied on its east side. About 30 percent of the former RM lied within Duck Mountain Provincial Forest.

Municipality of Roblin
The Municipality of Roblin is located in western Manitoba, within the Parkland region, near the border with Saskatchewan. It encompasses a mix of rural landscapes, agricultural land, and small urban areas. The municipality serves as a hub for nearby communities, offering essential services, schools, and infrastructure that support residents and surrounding areas.
Jyoti Gauba
Jyoti Gauba is an Indian television and film actress. She had done over 700 commercials till date and made her film debut with the film Idiot Box. She was also seen in the films like Take It Easy, Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic.

She has featured in many television shows like Ek Hasina Thi, Kavach... Kaali Shaktiyon Se, Badii Devrani, Maat Pitaah Ke Charnon Mein Swarg, Agent Raghav – Crime Branch, Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage, Ek Mutthi Aasmaan, Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki, Hello Friends, Phir Subah Hogi and Mastaangi - One Love Story Two Lifetimes.

She was last seen as Supriya Vyas in Piyaa Albela. She  portrayed the role of Anuja Chaturvedi in Star Plus's Imlie.

Piyaa Albela
Piyaa Albela (transl. Beloved Gallant) is an Indian soap opera by Rajshri Productions broadcast on Zee TV. The show focuses on a modern retelling of the love story of Menaka and Vishwamitra. It was produced over about eight years by Sooraj Barjatya, while Raghvendra Singh wrote the lyrics. The soap opera stars Akshay Mhatre and Sheen Das. The show began airing from 6 March 2017, replacing Jamai Raja, and went off air on 24 August 2018. It was replaced by Tujhse Hai Raabta.
Patrick Caddell
Patrick Hayward Caddell (May 19, 1950 – February 16, 2019) was an American public opinion pollster and a political film consultant who served in the Carter administration. He worked for Democratic presidential candidates George McGovern in 1972, Jimmy Carter in 1976 and 1980, Gary Hart in 1984 (primary), Walter Mondale in 1984 (general election), Joe Biden in 1988, and Jerry Brown in 1992. He also worked for Mario Cuomo, Bob Graham, Michael Dukakis, Paul Simon, Ted Kennedy, Harold Washington, Andrew Romanoff and Donald Trump.

Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign
The 1988 presidential campaign of Joe Biden, a Democratic U.S. Senator from Delaware, began in June 1987. At first, Biden was regarded as a strong candidate. In September 1987, however, reports emerged that he had plagiarized a speech by the British Leader of the Opposition and Labour Party Leader, Neil Kinnock. Allegations that Biden had engaged in plagiarism during law school and had exaggerated his academic record soon followed, and Biden withdrew from the race later that month.

Biden later served as the 47th vice president of the United States from 2009 to 2017 and as the 46th president of the United States from 2021 to 2025.
Daria Werbowy
Daria Werbowy (born 19 November 1983) is a Canadian   fashion model. She became a spokesmodel for the French beauty brand Lancôme in 2005. According to Forbes, Werbowy has appeared on over 50 international Vogue covers. She retired after ten years in fashion while still one of the industry's top models. In a retrospective, Vogue dubbed her the "ultimate model muse."

Lara Stone
Lara Catherina Stone (born 20 December 1983) is a Dutch model. She was discovered at the age of 12 in the Paris Metro and later participated in the Elite Model Look competition at 15. Stone has appeared on the covers of W and Vogue, has worked with various brands, including Fendi, Chanel, Prada, Louis Vuitton, and Versace, and was most notably the face of Calvin Klein. She has been represented by The Lions, IMG Models, and Elite Model Management.
Jeff Mitchell (ice hockey)
Jeff Mitchell (born May 16, 1975) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger who played seven games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Dallas Stars. As a youth, he played in the 1989 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Detroit Little Caesars minor ice hockey team.

His son, Travis Mitchell, is an ice hockey defenseman with the New York Islanders.

Travis Mitchell
Travis Mitchell (born November 25, 1999) is an American ice hockey defenseman who plays for the Bridgeport Islanders in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect under contract to the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). Going undrafted, he played collegiate hockey for Cornell University.
Gouy–Stodola theorem
In thermodynamics and thermal physics, the Gouy–Stodola theorem is an important theorem for the quantification of irreversibilities in an open system, and aids in the exergy analysis of thermodynamic processes. It asserts that the rate at which work is lost during a process, or at which exergy is destroyed, is proportional to the rate at which entropy is generated, and that the proportionality coefficient is the temperature of the ambient heat reservoir. In the literature, the theorem often appears in a slightly modified form, changing the proportionality coefficient.

The theorem is named jointly after the French physicist Georges Gouy and Slovak physicist Aurel Stodola, who demonstrated the theorem in 1889 and 1905 respectively. Gouy used it while working on exergy and utilisable energy, and Stodola while working on steam and gas engines.

Louis Georges Gouy
Louis Georges Gouy (February 19, 1854 – January 27, 1926) was a French physicist. He is the namesake of the Gouy balance, the Gouy–Chapman electric double layer model (which is a relatively successful albeit limited model that describes the electrical double-layer which finds applications in vast areas of studies from physical chemistry to biophysics) and the Gouy phase.

Gouy was born at Vals-les-Bains, Ardèche in 1854. He became a correspondent of the Académie des sciences in 1901, and a member in 1913.
Rood
A rood or rood cross, sometimes known as a triumphal cross, is a cross or crucifix, especially the large crucifix set above the entrance to the chancel of a medieval church. Alternatively, it is a large sculpture or painting of the crucifixion of Jesus.

Romanesque art
Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later depending on region. The preceding period is known as the Pre-Romanesque period. The term was invented by 19th-century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style – most notably round-headed arches, but also barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration – but had also developed many very different characteristics.

In southern France, Spain, and Italy there was an architectural continuity with the Late Antique, but the Romanesque style was the first style to spread across the whole of Catholic Europe, from Sicily to Scandinavia. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting, and by the anti-classical energy of the decoration of the Insular art of the British Isles. From these elements was forged a highly innovative and coherent style.
Kkoi Dil Mein Hai
Kkoi Dil Mein Hai is an Indian television romantic comedy series that aired on Sony TV. The series premiered in December 2003 and ended its run in 2005. The show starred Eijaz Khan and Poorva Gokhale in lead roles. The opening theme song was sung as a duet by famous singers Shreya Ghoshal and Sunidhi Chauhan. The show garnered some controversy for featuring a scene of marital rape.

Sandeep Baswana
Sandeep Baswana is an Indian actor who primarily works in Hindi television. Baswana is best known for his portrayal of Sahil Virani in Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi and Rajveer Sherawat in  Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna.
The Terror (1928 film)
The Terror is a lost 1928 American pre-Code horror film written by Harvey Gates and directed by Roy Del Ruth, based on the 1927 play of the same name by Edgar Wallace. It was the second "all-talking" feature film released by Warner Bros. Pictures, following Lights of New York. It was also the first all-talking horror film, made using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc system.

The Terror (play)
The Terror is a 1927 mystery thriller play by the British writer Edgar Wallace. It is based on Wallace's 1926 novel The Black Abbot.

It premiered at the Winter Gardens Theatre in New Brighton, before beginning a run of 246 performances at the Lyceum Theatre in the West End. The original cast included John Turnbull, Felix Aylmer, Franklyn Bellamy, Dennis Neilson-Terry, Carol Reed and Mary Glynne.
Dundo
Dundo, or Dundo-Chitato, is a former mining town, with a population of 240,410 (2024 census), now a city and the provincial capital of Lunda Norte in Angola. Established in the early part of the 20th century as a planned diamond mining community, Dundo has continued to grow, has its own airport and is now being superseded by a new city, New Dundo.

The city is the home of the football club called Grupo Desportivo Sagrada Esperança, which plays at Estádio Quintalão. The local museum houses objects collected by social anthropologist,  Hermann Baumann.

Hermann Baumann (social anthropologist)
Hermann Baumann (February 9, 1902 – June 30, 1972) was an influential German Africa expert.

In 1928, Baumann became editor-in-chief of the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, Berlin, a post which he held until 1941. During the Third Reich, he was active as a government adviser, working on the eventual restoration of German colonies in Africa. After the war, he continued to work as a government adviser.

The museum in Dundo, Angola, houses 1,018 pieces collected by Baumann in 1954.

Baumann was Professor of African Studies and Social Anthropology in Vienna and Munich. He retired in 1972, and returned to Angola, to continue the work on the material he had collected two decades earlier. Baumann fell ill with malaria, and died within hours of his transfer to Munich from a Lisbon hospital.
Indiana and Ohio Railway
The Indiana & Ohio Railway (reporting mark IORY) is an American railroad that operates 511 miles (822 km) of track in Ohio, southern Michigan, and parts of southeastern Indiana.  It is owned and operated by Genesee & Wyoming, who acquired the railroad in the 2012 purchase of RailAmerica.

As of 2025, IORY holds a total of 511 miles, 20 in Indiana, 23 in Michigan, and 468 in Ohio. The capacity is Blue Ash, Lebanon and Mason lines- 263k; 286k elsewhere.

Dundee Township, Michigan
Dundee Township is a civil township of Monroe County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 8,145 at the 2020 census, up from 6,759 in 2010. The township contains the village of Dundee, and the majority of the township is served by Dundee Community Schools.
Lone Wolf (gamebooks)
Lone Wolf is a series currently consisting of 31 gamebooks, created by Joe Dever and initially illustrated (books 1–8) by Gary Chalk. Dever wrote the first 29 books of the series before his son Ben, with help from French author Vincent Lazzari, took over writing duty upon his father's death. The first book was published in July 1984 and the series has sold more than 12 million copies worldwide.

The story focuses on the fictional world of Magnamund, where the forces of good and evil are fighting for control. The main protagonist is Lone Wolf, last of his caste of warrior monks known as Kai Lords, although in latter books the focus shifts on one of his pupils as the main character. The book series is written in the second person and recounts Lone Wolf's adventures as if the reader is the main character.

Gamebook
A gamebook is a work of printed fiction that allows the reader to participate in the story by making choices. The narrative branches along various paths, typically through the use of numbered paragraphs or pages. Each narrative typically does not follow paragraphs in a linear or ordered fashion. Gamebooks are sometimes called choose your own adventure books or CYOA (after the influential Choose Your Own Adventure series originally published by US company Bantam Books) or pick-a-paths. Gamebooks influenced hypertext fiction.

Production of new gamebooks in the West decreased dramatically during the 1990s as choice-based stories have moved away from print-based media, although the format may be experiencing a resurgence on mobile and ebook platforms. Such digital gamebooks are considered interactive fiction or visual novels.
Armand (The Vampire Chronicles)
Armand is a fictional character in The Vampire Chronicles novels written by Anne Rice. At the end of the series, he is approximately 500 years of age. His outward appearance is that of a beautiful adolescent boy, 5’6, with curly auburn hair, large brown eyes and slender fingers. His features are at times compared figuratively to those of Cupid or a Botticelli angel.

The Vampire Chronicles
The Vampire Chronicles is a series of Gothic vampire novels and a media franchise, created by American author Anne Rice, that revolves around the fictional character Lestat de Lioncourt, a French nobleman turned into a vampire in the 18th century.

Rice said in a 2008 interview that her vampires were a "metaphor for lost souls". The homoerotic overtones of The Vampire Chronicles are well-documented. As of November 2008, The Vampire Chronicles had sold 80 million copies worldwide.

The first novel in the series, Interview with the Vampire (1976), was made into a 1994 film of the same name. The Queen of the Damned (1988) was adapted into a 2002 film of the same name, which also used some material from The Vampire Lestat (1985). Both films were released by Warner Bros. Pictures. A television series, Interview with the Vampire, premiered on AMC in 2022.
Jane Seymour
Jane Seymour (/ˈsiːmɔːr/; c. 1508 – 24 October 1537) was Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year. She became queen following the execution of Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, who was accused by Henry of adultery after failing to produce a male heir. Jane, however, died of postnatal complications less than two weeks after the birth of her only child, the future King Edward VI. She was the only wife of Henry VIII to receive a queen's funeral, and Henry was later buried alongside her remains in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

Elizabeth Norton
Elizabeth Anna Norton FRHistS is a British historian specialising in the queens of England and the Tudor period. She obtained a Master of Arts in archaeology and anthropology from the University of Cambridge, being awarded a Double First Class degree, and a master's degree in European archaeology from the University of Oxford. She is the author of thirteen non-fiction books.
Jon Jarl
Jon Jarl was a Swedish jarl at the end of the 12th and in the early 13th centuries. He is mentioned in Erik's Chronicle from the 1320s to have spent years fighting against Russians and Ingrians in the early Swedish–Novgorodian Wars.

According to 15th-century historian Ericus Olai, he was murdered at his home in Asknäs in Ekerö parish by the Lake Mälaren in 1206, allegedly by Russian pirates.

According to Erik's Chronicle, Jon Jarl was a Swedish earl in the east tasked with the protection of the kingdom against Russians and Ingrians. Sven Tunberg considers it likely that the earl belonged to the Sverker family and that he was King Sverker the Younger's "Finnish earl" for nine years.

Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
The Swedish–Novgorodian Wars were a series of armed conflicts in the 12th and 13th centuries between the Novgorod Republic and medieval Sweden over control of the Gulf of Finland. The area formed part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks and was strategically important for commerce, later becoming significant to the Hanseatic League. The clashes between Catholic Swedes and Orthodox Novgorodians carried religious overtones, although no evidence exists of official crusade bulls being issued by the Pope before the 14th century.
Door Tree
The Door Tree was a historic and unique old white oak tree in Hamden, Connecticut, United States. The unique growth of the tree resembled a doorway opening. Door Tree was likely created when two trees grew into each other. The tree was cut down in an act of vandalism in 2019.

Hamden, Connecticut
Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town's nickname is "The Land of the Sleeping Giant". The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 61,169 at the 2020 census.
Lee Creek Bridge (Van Buren, Arkansas)
The Lee Creek Bridge is a historic bridge across Lee Creek in Van Buren, Arkansas.  Now closed to traffic, it is a three-span truss bridge located west of Rena Road on the city's west side.  The bridge's single Pratt through truss was built in 1898, and a pair of Warren pony trusses were erected in 1930 to replace a second Pratt truss.  The trusses rest on original stone piers.  The bridge has a total length of 296 feet (90 m), of which 126 feet (38 m) is the Pratt truss.  The bridge was bypassed and closed in 1995.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Lee Creek (Arkansas)
Lee Creek is a 64.6-mile-long (104.0 km) river in Arkansas and Oklahoma which starts near West Fork in Washington County, Arkansas, and flows south to the Arkansas River passing through Crawford County, Arkansas, and Sequoyah County, Oklahoma. Lee Creek flows from Arkansas into Oklahoma, then returns to Arkansas before its confluence with the Arkansas River near Van Buren and Fort Smith.

Lee Creek is also known as Lee's Creek, mostly in Oklahoma where it is classified by the State of Oklahoma as a State Scenic River. In Arkansas upstream of the Oklahoma border, Lee Creek is classified by the State of Arkansas as an Extraordinary Resource Waterway.
Lakeside Village, Doncaster
Lakeside Village is an outlet shopping centre in Lakeside, a suburb of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. Remodelled in 2003, it was previously known as The Yorkshire Outlet.

Lakeside Village is owned by Kent County Council, despite being in South Yorkshire, and operated by the retail property asset management company Realm, which also work together on a number of other outlet centres in the United Kingdom.

Lakeside, South Yorkshire
Lakeside is a suburb of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England, centred around a circular lake. Approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of central Doncaster, it has recently seen new development and modernisation with the construction of several new luxury housing estates, a leisure park with restaurants, a cinema, and a bowling alley, the Herten Triangle, which has more eateries and fast food establishments, the Lakeside Village shopping centre, and the Eco-Power Stadium. The area has settled vegetation, paths, bridges, notice boards and space for public gatherings around the lake.

It is split between the Town and Bessacarr and Cantley wards within the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. Lakeside borders Bessacarr to the east, Belle Vue to the north, Balby to the west, and Potteric Carr to the south.
Salted Gingko Nuts
Salted Gingko Nuts [sic], also known by its Japanese title SHIO GIN NAN (塩銀杏 = salted ginkgo nuts), is the sixth studio album by the Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band. Released in 1978, the album received the 1979 Silver Disk award from Japan's Swing Journal magazine.

Toshiko Akiyoshi
Toshiko Akiyoshi (秋吉敏子 or 穐吉敏子, Akiyoshi Toshiko; born 12 December 1929) is a Japanese jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader.

Akiyoshi received fourteen Grammy Award nominations and was the first woman to win Best Arranger and Composer awards in Down Beat magazine's annual Readers' Poll. In 1984, she was the subject of the documentary Jazz Is My Native Language. In 1996, she published her autobiography, Life with Jazz, and in 2007 she was named an NEA Jazz Master by the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts.
Slea Head
52°6.37′N 10°28.15′W﻿ / ﻿52.10617°N 10.46917°W﻿ / 52.10617; -10.46917

Slea Head (Irish: Ceann Sléibhe) is a promontory on the westernmost part of the Dingle Peninsula, in southwest County Kerry, Ireland. It can be reached by the R559 road, with the nearest villages being Ballyickeen and Coumeenoole. The headland itself, together with the larger part of Mount Eagle's southern slopes, is formed from steeply dipping beds of the pebbly sandstones and conglomerates of the Slea Head Formation, dating from the Devonian period and traditionally referred to as old red sandstone.

To Slea Head's northwest is Dunmore Head, the westernmost point of Ireland. Slea Head is a well-known landmark and viewpoint, with a full view of the Blasket Islands.  On 11 March 1982, the Spanish container ship, Ranga, was wrecked at Dunmore Head, close to Slea Head after losing power in a storm.

R559 road (Ireland)
The R559 road is a regional road in Ireland which links various villages on Slea Head on the Dingle Peninsula with the town of Dingle and the N86 road. The road passes through a number of villages including Ventry, Coumeenoole, Dunquin and Dingle itself. The road is 43.1 km (26.8 mi) long.
Pia Babnik
Pia Babnik (born 2 January 2004) is a Slovenian professional golfer. She won the 2019 R&A Girls Amateur Championship. In 2020, 16 years old, she joined the Ladies European Tour, where she won two tournaments the year after. 18 years old, she finished third at one of the professional major championships, the 2022 Chevron Championship.

Junior Vagliano Trophy
The Junior Vagliano Trophy is an annual girls amateur golf tournament. It is co-organised by The R&A and the European Golf Association and is contested by teams representing "Great Britain and Ireland" and the "Continent of Europe". The first event was in 2011. Originally it was played in odd-numbered years at the same time and location as the Vagliano Trophy but in 2021 it became an annual event. Girls must be under-16 on 1 January of the year of the event. The Continent of Europe won the first seven matches. The eighth match was tied but the Continent of Europe retained the Trophy. Great Britain and Ireland won for the first time in 2024.