hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pitch space
In music theory, pitch spaces model relationships between pitches. These models typically use distance to model the degree of relatedness, with closely related pitches placed near one another, and less closely related pitches farther apart. Depending on the complexity of the relationships under consideration, the models may be multidimensional. Models of pitch space are often graphs, groups, lattices, or geometrical figures such as helixes. Pitch spaces distinguish octave-related pitches. When octave-related pitches are not distinguished, we have instead pitch class spaces, which represent relationships between pitch classes. (Some of these models are discussed in the entry on modulatory space, though readers should be advised that the term "modulatory space" is not a standard music-theoretical term.) Chordal spaces model relationships between chords.

Pitch class space
In music theory, pitch-class space is the circular space representing all the notes (pitch classes) in a musical octave. In this space, there is no distinction between tones separated by an integral number of octaves. For example, C4, C5, and C6, though different pitches, are represented by the same point in pitch class space.

Since pitch-class space is a circle, we return to our starting point by taking a series of steps in the same direction: beginning with C, we can move "upward" in pitch-class space, through the pitch classes C♯, D, D♯, E, F, F♯, G, G♯, A, A♯, and B, returning finally to C. By contrast, pitch space is a linear space: the more steps we take in a single direction, the further we get from our starting point.
Halden
Halden (pronounced [ˈhɑ̀ɫdn̩] ⓘ), between 1665 and 1928 known as Fredrikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Strömstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast.

The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about 120 km (75 mi) south of Oslo, 190 km (120 mi) north of Gothenburg, and 12 km (7.5 mi) west of the border crossing at Svinesund.

Halden Prison
Halden Prison (Norwegian: Halden fengsel) is a maximum-security prison in Halden, Norway. It has three main units and has no conventional security devices. The third-largest prison in Norway, it was established in 2010 with a focus on rehabilitation; its design simulates life outside the prison. Among other activities, sports and music are available to the prisoners, who interact with the unarmed staff to create a sense of community. Praised for its humane conditions, Halden Prison has received the Arnstein Arneberg Award for its interior design in 2010 and been the subject of a documentary, but has also received criticism for being too liberal.
Warren Holloway
Warren Holloway (born March 24, 1982) is an American football player who played the wide receiver position for the Iowa Hawkeyes from 2001 to 2005. He later played in the af2 league for the Everett Hawks. His only college touchdown came in his last college game, the 2005 Capital One Bowl, where quarterback Drew Tate threw a 56-yard pass to Holloway as time expired in the fourth quarter, giving Iowa a 30–25 victory over LSU.

After trying to make it into a few Canadian teams, Warren retired from professional football. He lived in Chicago working in project management and is now pursuing a Doctorate of Physical Therapy at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in North Chicago, Illinois.

Drew Tate
Drew Tate (born October 8, 1984) is an American gridiron football coach and former player. He is the quarterbacks coach for the Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football as a quarterback at the University of Iowa and was signed by the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League (NFL) as an undrafted free agent in 2007. Tate has played professionally for the Saskatchewan Roughriders, Calgary Stampeders and Ottawa Redblacks in the CFL. He was a defensive analyst at Coastal Carolina University in 2018, before coming out of retirement to rejoin the Roughriders. On December 17, 2018, Tate retired from playing and was named quarterbacks coach for the BC Lions the following day. He has also been a coach for the TSL Alphas, and at UT Martin and the University of Northern Iowa.
Dutch Cemetery, Chinsurah
The Dutch Cemetery (Dutch: Nederlandse begraafplaats) of Chinsurah was constructed on the order of the director of the Dutch East India Company in Bengal. The cemetery and all its graves are now maintained and Archaeological Survey of India under the protection of ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance.

Dutch Bengal
Dutch Bengal, was a directorate of the Dutch East India Company in Mughal Bengal between 1610 until the company's liquidation in 1800. It then became a colony of the Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1825, when it was relinquished to the British according to the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. Dutch presence in the region started by the establishment of a trading post at Pipili in the mouth of Subarnarekha River in Odisha. The former colony is part of what is today called Dutch India. Bengal was the source of 50% of the textiles and 80% of the raw silk imported from Asia by the Dutch.
Zordon
Zordon is a fictional character from the Power Rangers franchise who serves as the Rangers' mentor. Zordon first appeared on the first season of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and appeared in subsequent seasons until the conclusion of Power Rangers in Space, where he was the titular major supporting character of his saga.

Power Rangers Turbo
Power Rangers Turbo is a television series and the fourth entry of the Power Rangers franchise that aired in 1997. The show was prefaced with the franchise's second film, Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie.

As with its predecessors, Power Rangers Turbo is based on one of the entries of the Super Sentai series; in Turbo's case, the source is the 20th series, Gekisou Sentai Carranger. The series introduced a child actor as the new Blue Ranger, thus becoming the sole series so far to feature a pre-teen Ranger, and featured the departure of long-running characters Zordon and Alpha 5; the veteran team of Rangers also departed, with four new characters being introduced as their replacements. The series also marked the final regular appearances of Johnny Yong Bosch, Catherine Sutherland, and Steve Cardenas, as well as the last appearance of Nakia Burrise.
Chicle
Chicle (/ˈtʃɪkəl/) is a latex traditionally used in making chewing gum and other products. It is collected from several species of Mesoamerican trees in the genus Manilkara, including M. zapota, M. chicle, M. staminodella, and M. bidentata.

The tapping of the gum is similar to the tapping of latex from the rubber tree: zig-zag gashes are made in the tree trunk and the dripping gum is collected in small bags. It is then boiled until it reaches the correct thickness. Locals who collect chicle are called chicleros.

Manilkara bidentata
Manilkara bidentata is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapotaceae, native to a large area of northern South America, Central America and the Caribbean. Common names include bulletwood, balatá, ausubo, massaranduba, quinilla, and (ambiguously) "cow-tree".
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampden County, Massachusetts
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampden County, Massachusetts.

This is a list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 171 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 National Historic Landmarks. The city of Springfield is the location of 92 of these properties and districts, including 1 of the National Historic Landmarks; they are listed separately, while the remaining 79 properties and districts, including 2 National Historic Landmarks, are listed here.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 13, 2026.

Hampden County, Massachusetts
Hampden County is a non-governmental county located in the Pioneer Valley of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, Hampden County's population was 465,825. Its traditional county seat is Springfield, the Connecticut River Valley's largest city, and economic and cultural capital; with an estimated population of 154,758, approximately one-third of Hampden County residents  live in Springfield.
42°08′N 72°38′W﻿ / ﻿42.14°N 72.63°W﻿ / 42.14; -72.63
Varanus sivalensis
Varanus sivalensis is an extinct species of monitor lizard that originally lived in India in the Pinjor Formation during the Pliocene through the late Pleistocene. As its name implies, it was broadly comparable in size to the extant Komodo dragon.

Monitor lizard
Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus Varanus, the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the southern United States as an invasive species.  About 94 species are recognized.

Monitor lizards have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. The adult length of extant species ranges from 20 cm (7.9 in) in some species such as Varanus sparnus, to over 3 m (10 ft) in the case of the Komodo dragon, though the extinct megalania (Varanus priscus) may have reached lengths of more than 7 m (23 ft). Most monitor species are terrestrial, but many are also arboreal or semiaquatic. While most monitor lizards are carnivorous, eating smaller reptiles, fish, birds, insects, small mammals, and eggs, a few species also eat fruit and vegetation.
Cladonema (cnidarian)
Cladonema is a genus of hydrozoa belonging to the family Cladonematidae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Cladonema californicum Hyman, 1947

Cladonema myersi Rees, 1949

Cladonema novaezelandiae Ralph, 1953

Cladonema pacificum Naumov, 1955

Cladonema radiatum Dujardin, 1843

Cladonema timmsii Gershwin & Zeidler, 2008

Cladonematidae
Cladonematidae is a small family of anthomedusan hydrozoans. They have stolonal hydroid colonies, and their medusae are benthic and can crawl across the sediment; in many species they have lost the ability to swim however.

Several members of this lineage were formerly considered a separate family Eleutheriidae.
Raymond McNeil
Raymond McNeil (born October 14, 1984) is an American former professional football offensive lineman. He played college football at Fort Valley State University and attended Jurupa Valley High School in Jurupa Valley, California. He was a member of the Green Bay Blizzard, Milwaukee Iron/Mustangs, Utah Blaze, Spokane Shock, San Jose SaberCats, Tampa Bay Storm, Jacksonville Sharks, Shanghai Skywalkers, Baltimore Brigade, and Atlantic City Blackjacks.

Jurupa Valley High School
Jurupa Valley Valley High School is a public high school in Jurupa Valley, California. The school was established in 1989, as part of the Jurupa Unified School District, and the first class graduated in 1992. Located near the junction of the Ontario (I-15) and Pomona (State Route 60) freeways, it is one of four high schools in the district, the others being Rubidoux High School, Patriot High School, and Nueva Vista High School, a continuation school.

As of the 2014–15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,608 students and 65.46 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student-teacher ratio of 24.56.
Nobel (crater)
Nobel is a crater that lies on the far side of the Moon. It is located in the northern edge of the vast skirt of ejecta surrounding the Mare Orientale impact basin. Less than three crater diameters to the south of Nobel is the larger crater Elvey, and to the west-southwest is the smaller Pease. This is a circular, bowl-shaped crater with a worn outer rim. Three smaller craters overlie the northern rim. The interior floor is relatively level, and is marked by several small and tiny craterlets.

Pease (crater)
Pease is a lunar impact crater that lies in the north-northwestern edge of the huge skirt of ejecta that surrounds the Mare Orientale impact basin. It lies just over one crater diameter to the east of the smaller crater Butlerov. To the east-northeast of Pease is the somewhat larger Nobel.

It is a roughly circular, bowl-shaped formation with an outer rim that is only moderately eroded. No significant craters lie across the rim edge or the interior, and there is a slight straightening of the western rim.
National University of Callao
The National University of Callao is a post-secondary institution in the Bellavista District of the Constitutional Province of Callao in the country of Peru. It was established on 2 September 1966.

This scholarly institute retains its original technical character, unique to Peru. The University has maintained its technical character, and has grown to eleven departments, fifteen professional schools, and a postgraduate school.

Callao
Callao (Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈʝa.o]) is a seaside city and constitutional province in Peru. Located next to the Pacific Ocean, it forms part of the Lima metropolitan area alongside Lima province. Its autonomous status dates back to 1836, when it was declared a Littoral Province of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, after which it was declared a Constitutional Province by the government of Ramón Castilla in 1857.

Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Chávez International Airport. Founded in 1537 by the Spaniards, the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Spanish America and the Pacific, having been a vital Spanish town of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Central Callao is about 15 km (9.3 mi) west of the Historic Centre of Lima.
Media Nusantara Citra
PT Media Nusantara Citra Tbk, a.k.a. the MNC Media, or MNC, is an Indonesian media company. MNC's core businesses are content production. The group owns and operates four free-to-air television networks – RCTI, MNCTV, GTV, and iNews – as well as 19 pay television channels under MNC Channels division. MNC has other supporting media-based businesses. These include radio, print media, talent management, and a production house. The company operates as an integrated media company.

INews
iNews, short for Indonesia News, formerly named Sun TV and Sindo TV, is an Indonesian free-to-air television broadcaster founded by Media Nusantara Citra, a subsidiary of MNC Asia Holding. It broadcasts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
USGS DEM
The USGS DEM standard is a geospatial file format developed by the United States Geological Survey for storing a raster-based digital elevation model. It is an open standard, and is used throughout the world. It has been superseded by the USGS's own SDTS format but the format remains popular due to large numbers of legacy files, self-containment, relatively simple field structure and broad, mature software support.

Digital elevation model
A digital elevation model (DEM) or digital surface model (DSM) is a 3D computer graphics representation of elevation data to represent terrain or overlaying objects, commonly of a planet, moon, or asteroid. A "global DEM" refers to a  discrete global grid. DEMs are used often in geographic information systems (GIS), and are the most common basis for digitally produced relief maps.
A digital terrain model (DTM) represents specifically the ground surface while DEM and DSM may represent tree top canopy or building roofs.

While a DSM may be useful for landscape modeling, city modeling and visualization applications, a DTM is often required for flood or drainage modeling, land-use studies, geological applications, and other applications, and in planetary science.
Baranów Sandomierski
Baranów Sandomierski [baˈranuf sandɔˈmʲɛrskʲi] ⓘ is a town in southern Poland, in the Subcarpathian Voivodship, Tarnobrzeg County on the Vistula River, with 1,420 inhabitants as of December 2021. Baranów lies near the Vistula river, along voivodeship road nr. 985, which goes from Tarnobrzeg to Mielec. It belongs to the historic province of Lesser Poland, and for centuries was part of the Sandomierz Voivodeship. Its name comes either from sheep husbandry, which was prevalent in this area in the past (baran means ram in Polish), or from the Baranowski family, owners of the town.

Tarnobrzeg County
Tarnobrzeg County (Polish: powiat tarnobrzeski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Tarnobrzeg, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Tarnobrzeg County are Nowa Dęba, which lies 18 km (11 mi) south of Tarnobrzeg, and Baranów Sandomierski, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Tarnobrzeg.

The county covers an area of 520.02 square kilometres (200.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 53,115, of which the population of Nowa Dęba is 11,152, that of Baranów Sandomierski is 1,456, and the rural population is 40,507.
Sirenidae
Sirenidae, the sirens, are a family of neotenic aquatic salamanders. Family members have very small fore limbs, and lack hind limbs altogether. In one species, the skeleton in their fore limbs is made of only cartilage. In contrast to most other salamanders, they have external gills bunched together on the neck in both larval and adult states. Sirens are found only in the Southeastern United States and northern Mexico.

Although they are primarily carnivorous, they are the only salamanders observed eating plant material.

Habrosaurus
Habrosaurus, meaning "graceful lizard", is an extinct genus of prehistoric salamanders, and the oldest and largest known member of the family Sirenidae. Two species are known, H. prodilatus from the middle Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, and H. dilatus from the late Maastrichtian and Paleocene of western North America. It is relatively common in the Lance Formation of Wyoming, and less common in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana.
Mikhanavichy rural council
Mikhanavichy rural council (Belarusian: Міханавіцкі сельсавет; Russian: Михановичский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Minsk district, Minsk region, Belarus. Its administrative center is the   agrotown of Mikhanavichy.

Minsk district
Minsk district (Belarusian: Мінскі раён; Russian: Минский район) is a district (raion) of Belarus in Minsk region. The administrative center is the capital Minsk, which is administratively separated from the district and region. As of 2024, it has a population of 274,990. The most populous town in the district is Zaslawye.
Canon EF 75–300mm lens
Introduced in 1991, the Canon EF 75–300mm f/4–5.6 lens is a telephoto zoom lens for Canon EOS single-lens reflex cameras with an EF lens mount. There are 3 basic types of the lens: the IS USM (Image Stabilization, Ultra Sonic Motor), the USM (USM, no IS) and non-USM (no USM, no IS). All 3 types are generally considered to be low-end consumer-level lenses.

Canon EF lens mount
The EF lens mount is the standard lens mount on the Canon EOS family of SLR film and digital cameras. EF stands for "Electro-Focus": automatic focusing on EF lenses is handled by a dedicated electric motor built into the lens. Mechanically, it is a bayonet-style mount, and all communication between camera and lens takes place through electrical contacts; there are no mechanical levers or plungers. The mount was first introduced in 1987, with its last new lens design produced on Sep 5th, 2018.

Canon claims to have produced its 100-millionth EF-series interchangeable lens on April 22, 2014.
Outer Sydney Metropolitan Bus Service Contracts
The Outer Sydney Metropolitan Bus Service Contracts (OSMBSC) are contracts issued by the Government of New South Wales to bus operators in areas surrounding Sydney. These regions include the Hunter Region, Central Coast, Illawarra and the Blue Mountains. In 2016–17, 21.6 million passenger journeys were made on Outer Metropolitan bus services.

Sydney metropolitan bus service contracts
Contracts are issued by the Government of New South Wales to metropolitan bus operators in Sydney, Australia, to operate its public bus route network. Since 2005, the government has moved from individual contracts with operators to larger contract regions, leading to the consolidation of bus operators.
Sanford, North Carolina
Sanford is a city in and the county seat of Lee County, North Carolina, United States.  Since its incorporation in 1874, Sanford has been an active railroad and industrial center, known as one of the nation's largest producers of brick and pottery products.  The population was 30,261 at the 2020 census. The geographic center of North Carolina is located northwest of the city, in Chatham County.

Railroad House
Railroad House is a historic home in Sanford, North Carolina. It was built in 1872, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, three-bay, board-and-batten, Gothic Revival style frame cottage.  The gable roof has wide overhanging eaves and "rafter brackets".  It has a one-story rear wing, a single central interior chimney in the main block, and an exterior end chimney at the rear of the wing. It was built by the Raleigh and Augusta Air Line Railroad for the depot agent. The house was moved to its present site in October 1962, across the street from its original location.  The building is operated by the Railroad House Historical Association as a museum.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.  It is located in the Downtown Sanford Historic District.
Bhupesh Baghel
Bhupesh Baghel (born 23 August 1960), popularly known as Kaka, is an Indian politician who served as the third Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh from 2018 to 2023 and also served as leader of the house in legislative assembly. He has been the president of Chhattisgarh Pradesh Congress from 2014 to 2019. He has represented the Patan constituency in the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly from 2003 to 2008 and again since 2013. He was the cabinet minister of Transportation in undivided Madhya Pradesh in Digvijaya Singh government from 1999 to 2003. Baghel was the first Minister for Revenue, Public Health Engineering and Relief Work in Chhattisgarh.

Swami Atmanand English Medium School
Swami Atmanand English Medium School (SAGES) is a chain of English-medium schools established by the Government of Chhattisgarh. The schools are fully funded by the Department of School Education, Government of Chhattisgarh. Education is provided free of cost up to grade 8, with a nominal fee applicable from grade 9 to grade 12.