hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rülzheim
Rülzheim is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km south-west of Germersheim.

Rülzheim is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Rülzheim. Rülzheim station is on Schifferstadt–Wörth railway and is served by the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn.

Schifferstadt–Wörth railway
The Schifferstadt–Wörth railway or Speyer line is a uniformly double track and electrified main line in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Between Schifferstadt and Germersheim it is part of the network of the Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn. Between Germersheim and Wörth am Rhein it is part of the network of the Stadtbahn Karlsruhe.

The first section between Schifferstadt and Speyer was opened on 11 June 1847 and it was extended to Germersheim in 1864. The opening of the last section to Wörth am Rhein was opened in 1876. From 1906 to 1914, it was served by long-distance services, which ended after the First World War and the subsequent reincorporation of Alsace-Lorraine into France. Electrification was begun in 2006 and completed in 2010.
WRDW-TV
WRDW-TV (channel 12) is a television station in Augusta, Georgia, United States, affiliated with CBS and MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power Telemundo affiliate WGAT-LD (channel 17) and Class A NBC affiliate WAGT-CD (channel 26). The three stations share studios at The Village at Riverwatch development in Augusta; WRDW-TV's transmitter is located in Beech Island, South Carolina.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.
Nohra
Nohra (German pronunciation: [ˈnoːʁa]) is a village and a former municipality in the Weimarer Land district of Thuringia, Germany. On 1 December 2007, the municipality of Utzberg was incorporated into Nohra. Nohra later became part of Grammetal municipality in December 2019.

Nohra was the location of the first Nazi concentration camp, established on 3 March 1933.  Prisoners were incarcerated in a school building.

The former Luftwaffe airbase at Nohra was used by the Soviet Army for helicopter operations from 1945 until their withdrawal in 1992. The airfield had a short runway, a hangar and a radio beacon. Subsequently, the department for regional development largely demolished the complex, but a few elements were preserved because of their historic value, including a large stone statue of Lenin which was restored.

Grammetal
Grammetal (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁaməˌtaːl], lit. 'Gramme Valley') is a municipality in the Weimarer Land district, in Thuringia, Germany. It was created with effect from 31 December 2019 by the merger of the former municipalities of Bechstedtstraß, Daasdorf am Berge, Hopfgarten, Isseroda, Mönchenholzhausen, Niederzimmern, Nohra, Ottstedt am Berge and Troistedt, that had previously coöperated in the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Grammetal. It takes its name from the river Gramme, that flows through the municipality.
Hamsadhvani
Hamsadhvani (meaning "the cry of the swan"), is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of Carnatic tradition of Indian classical music). It is an audava rāgam (or owdava rāga, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a janya rāga of the Melakartha raga, Sankarabharanam (29th) but according to Hamsadhvani's prayoga or the way it is sung it is said to be the janya of Kalyani (65th).

Hamsadhvani is also extensively used in Hindustani music and is borrowed into it from Carnatic music. It was created by the Carnatic composer Ramaswami Dikshitar (1735–1817), father of Muthuswami Dikshitar (one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music), and brought into Hindustani music by Aman Ali Khan of the Bhendibazaar gharana. It has become popular due to Amir Khan.

Graha bhedam
Graha Bhedam in Carnatic music is the process (or result of the process) of shifting the Tonic note (śruti) to another note in the rāgam and arriving at a different rāgam. Its equivalent in Hindustani classical music is called a murchhana. Expressed in Western music theory terms, this is the process of arriving at a different scale by shifting to another mode in the key, i.e, modulation.

Graha literally means position and Bhedam means change. Since the position of the śruti is changed (pitch of the base note or drone), it is also sometimes called Swara Bhedam or Śruti Bhedam though Śruti Bhedam and Graha Bhedam have some technical differences.
Disruptive solutions process
The disruptive solutions process (DSP) is a decision-making process used by the United States Air Force and Air National Guard. It was created in 2005 by fighter pilot and Air Force/Air National Guard Colonel Edward Vaughan and is iterative, low-cost, and first-to-market in nature. It is primarily used to prevent mishaps during the combat operations process.

Mid-air collision
In aviation, a mid-air collision is an accident in which two or more aircraft come into unplanned contact during flight and collide with each other.

The potential for a mid-air collision is increased by miscommunication, mistrust, error in navigation, deviations from flight plans, lack of situational awareness, and the lack of collision-avoidance systems. Although a rare occurrence in general due to the vastness of open space available, collisions often happen near or at airports, where large volumes of aircraft are spaced more closely than in general flight.

The deadliest mid-air collision occurred on 12 November 1996, when a Boeing 747 operated by Saudia collided with an Ilyushin IL-76 operated by Kazakhstan Airlines near Charkhi Dadri, India. The crash, in total, killed all 349 people.
Buriasco
Buriasco is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Turin.

Buriasco borders the following municipalities: Pinerolo, Scalenghe, Cercenasco, Macello, and Vigone.

Cercenasco
Cercenasco is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Turin, bordering the municipalities of Castagnole Piemonte, Scalenghe, Buriasco, Virle Piemonte and Vigone.
Lucky Baldwin
Elias Jackson "Lucky" Baldwin (April 3, 1828 – March 1, 1909) was "one of the greatest pioneers" of California business, an investor, and real estate speculator during the second half of the 19th century. He earned the nickname "Lucky" Baldwin due to his extraordinary good fortune in a number of business deals. He built the luxury Baldwin Hotel and Theatre in San Francisco and bought vast tracts of land in Southern California, where a number of places  and neighborhoods are named after him.

Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles
Baldwin Hills is a neighborhood within the south region of Los Angeles, California, United States.

Often referred to as the "Black Beverly Hills", Baldwin Hills is home to Kenneth Hahn State Regional Park and Village Green, a National Historic Landmark.
Kitty Kenney
Caroline "Kitty" Kenney (1880–1952) was a sister of Annie Kenney, one of the most well-known British suffragettes to go on hunger strike, for whom the Blathwayts planted commemorative trees in their Eagle House garden in Batheaston, Somerset.
Another sister, Jessie, was abroad when her involvement in explosives was discovered by the authorities.

Annie Kenney
Ann "Annie" Kenney (13 September 1879 – 9 July 1953) was an English working-class suffragette and socialist feminist who became a leading figure in the Women's Social and Political Union. She co-founded its first branch in London with Minnie Baldock. Kenney attracted the attention of the press and public in 1905 when she and Christabel Pankhurst were imprisoned for several days for assault and obstruction related to the questioning of Sir Edward Grey at a Liberal rally in Manchester on the issue of votes for women. The incident is credited with inaugurating a new phase in the struggle for women's suffrage in the UK with the adoption of militant tactics. Annie had friendships with Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Baroness Pethick-Lawrence, Mary Blathwayt, Clara Codd, Adela Pankhurst, and Christabel Pankhurst.
Valdemar the Young
Valdemar (III) the Young  (Danish: Valdemar den Unge) (c. 1209 – 28 November 1231) was a Junior King of Denmark from 1215 until his death.

Valdemar was the eldest son and co-ruler of King Valdemar II of Denmark by his first wife, Dagmar of Bohemia. He did not outlive his father so was never a sole monarch. He is sometimes referred to as Valdemar III for example his tombstone reads in Latin: Waldemarus Tertius Rex Daniae, Filius Waldemari Secundi "Valdemar the Third, King of Denmark, son of Valdemar the Second". Although Valdemar III is more commonly used to denote a later king, Valdemar of Schleswig.

Dagmar of Bohemia
Dagmar of Bohemia (also known as Margaret, Czech: Markéta; c. 1186 – 24 May 1212 in Ribe) was Queen of Denmark as the first spouse of King Valdemar II. She was the daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia and his first wife, Adelaide of Meissen.
Vincenzo Florio Sr.
Vincenzo Florio Sr. (Bagnara Calabra, 4 April 1799 – Palermo, 11 September 1868) was an Italian entrepreneur and politician, member of the rich Florio economic dynasty, one of the wealthiest Sicilian families during the late 19th century.

Florio family
The Florio family was a prominent entrepreneurial Italian family who started many lucrative activities in Sicily involving the export of Sicilian products (such as Marsala wine) in the 19th century, in some ways redeeming Sicily from feudal immobility. The family extended its interests to shipping, shipbuilding, fisheries, mining, metallurgy and ceramics. The Florio economic dynasty was one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century. In the heyday of the Florio business empire reportedly some 16,000 people depended on the family, and the press sometimes referred to Palermo as 'Floriopolis'.
Saint David Parish, Dominica
Saint David is one of Dominica's ten administrative parishes, located on the eastern side of the island. It is bordered by St. Andrew to the north; St. Joseph, St. Paul and St. George to the west; and St. Patrick to the south. With that, it's bordered by five other parishes, more than any other one in Dominica. It has an area of 131.6 km2 (50.8 mi2), and has a population of 6,789.

Saint George Parish, Dominica
Saint George is one of Dominica's 10 administrative parishes. It is bordered by Saint Paul and part of the Boeri River (to the north), Saint David and Saint Patrick (to the east), Saint Luke (to the south).

The parish has an area of 56.1 km² (21.67 mi²), and has a population of 20,211.
Liwan, Guangzhou
Liwan District is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, China. The district is split into two parts by the Pearl River: Xiguan in the northeast and Fangcun in the southwest. The area has a prominent history, dating back to the Qin dynasty, and hosts a number of major historic sites. Liwan District spans an area of 62.4 square kilometres (24.1 sq mi), and as of the end of 2023, has a population of about 1,113,000.

Nanhai, Foshan
Nanhai District (simplified Chinese: 南海区; traditional Chinese: 南海區) or Namhoi (from Cantonese, Jyutping: naam4 hoi2), is a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China. Its government is the first to have developed e-government informatization at the county level in China.
Basilica of our Lady of Perpetual Help (Labrador City)
The  Basilica of our Lady of Perpetual Help is a Roman Catholic minor basilica and former cathedral dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary located in Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.  The basilica is under the circumscription of the Diocese of Corner Brook and Labrador.  The church was completed in 1962, and served as the cathedral of the former Diocese of Labrador City–Schefferville.  The basilica was decreed on June 1, 2007.

Labrador City
Labrador City is a town in western Labrador (part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador), near the Quebec border. With a population of 7,412 as of 2021, it is the second-largest population centre in Labrador, behind Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Neighbouring Labrador City is Wabush, a smaller town with a population of approximately 1,964 as of 2021. Together, the "twin towns" are known as Labrador West.

In the 1960s, Labrador City was founded to accommodate employees of the Iron Ore Company of Canada; iron ore mining continues to be the primary industry in the town.

The Labrador City town motto is Kamistiatusset, a Naskapi word meaning "land of the hard-working people."  The Labrador City town crest is that of a snowy owl holding a scroll atop a black spade on a mound of red earth. The symbol represents iron ore mining. The spade is flanked by two caribou. Both snowy owls and caribou are native to the Labrador City area.
Thorvald Stauning
Thorvald August Marinus Stauning (Danish: [ˈtsʰɒːˌvælˀ ˈstɑwne̝ŋ]; 26 October 1873 in Copenhagen – 3 May 1942) was the first social democratic prime minister of Denmark. He served as prime minister from 1924 to 1926 and again from 1929 until his death in 1942.

Under Stauning's leadership, Denmark developed a social welfare state with the passage of the 1933 Social Reform Act which, according to one study, “codified, simplified and extended previous social insurance and assistance legislation.” Though many of his ambitions for Social Democracy were ultimately thwarted in his lifetime by events beyond his control, his leadership through grave times places Stauning among the most admired of twentieth-century Danish statesmen.

The Stauning Alps, a large mountain range in Greenland, were named after him.

1935 Danish Folketing election
Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 22 October 1935, except in the Faroe Islands where they were held on 11 November. The Social Democratic Party led by Prime minister Thorvald Stauning remained the largest in the Folketing, winning 68 of the 149 seats. Voter turnout was 80.7% in Denmark proper and 55.4% in the Faroes. It was in this election that the Social Democrats used the famous slogan "Stauning or Chaos".
Compound of two small stellated dodecahedra
This uniform polyhedron compound is a composition of 2 small stellated dodecahedra, in the same arrangement as in the compound of 2 icosahedra.

It is one of only five polyhedral compounds (along with the compound of six tetrahedra, the compound of two great dodecahedra, the compound of five great dodecahedra, and the compound of five small stellated dodecahedra) which is vertex-transitive and face-transitive but not edge-transitive.

Its convex hull is a nonuniform truncated octahedron.

Compound of six tetrahedra
The compound of six tetrahedra is a uniform polyhedron compound. It's composed of a symmetric arrangement of 6 tetrahedra. It can be constructed by inscribing a stella octangula within each cube in the compound of three cubes, or by stellating each octahedron in the compound of three octahedra.

It is one of only five polyhedral compounds (along with the compound of two great dodecahedra, the compound of five great dodecahedra, the compound of two small stellated dodecahedra, and the compound of five small stellated dodecahedra) which is vertex-transitive and face-transitive but not edge-transitive.
Fishing license
A fishing license (US), fishing licence (UK), or fishing permit is an administrative or legal mechanism employed by state and local governments to regulate fishing activities within their administrative areas.  Licensing is one type of fisheries management commonly used in Western countries, and may be required for either commercial or recreational fishing.

Hunting license
A hunting license or hunting permit is a regulatory or legal mechanism to control hunting, both commercial and recreational. A license specifically made for recreational hunting is sometimes called a game license or hunting permit.

Hunting may be regulated informally by unwritten law, self-restraint, a moral code, or by governmental laws. The purposes for requiring hunting licenses include the protection of natural treasures, and raising tax revenue (often, but not always, to dedicated funds).
Winter of 1886–87 in the United States
The winter of 1886–87 was extremely harsh for much of continental North America, especially the United States. Although it affected other regions in the country, it is most known for its effects on the Western United States and its cattle industry. This winter marked the end of the open range era and led to the entire reorganization of ranching.

Open range
In the Western United States and Canada, open range is rangeland where cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership. Where there are "open range" laws, those wanting to keep animals off their property must erect a fence to keep animals out; this applies to public roads as well.  Land in open range that is designated as part of a  "herd district" reverses liabilities, requiring an animal's owner to fence it in or otherwise keep it on the person's own property.  Most eastern states and jurisdictions in Canada require owners to fence in or herd their livestock.
Sebastian Inlet State Park
Sebastian Inlet State Park is a Florida state park located 10 miles south of Melbourne Beach and 6 miles north of Vero Beach in Florida. The park lies on both sides of the Sebastian Inlet, which forms the boundary between Brevard and Indian River counties.  The land for the park was acquired by the state of Florida in 1971. In 2010, it was the second most visited state park in Florida.

Sebastian Inlet
Sebastian Inlet, located in Sebastian Inlet State Park in Brevard County, Florida and Indian River County, Florida, offers surfing and fishing opportunities. It is off State Road A1A just 12 miles north of Vero Beach. There are annual surf tournaments, professional and amateur. Visitors fish there, particularly for Snook and Redfish.
Functional data analysis
Functional data analysis (FDA) is a branch of statistics that analyses data providing information about curves, surfaces or anything else varying over a continuum.  In its most general form, under an FDA framework, each sample element of functional data is considered to be a random function. The physical continuum over which these functions are defined is often time, but may also be spatial location, wavelength, probability, etc. Intrinsically, functional data are infinite dimensional. The high intrinsic dimensionality of these data brings challenges for theory as well as computation, where these challenges vary with how the functional data were sampled. However, the high or infinite dimensional structure of the data is a rich source of information and there are many interesting challenges for research and data analysis.

Functional principal component analysis
Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is a statistical method for investigating the dominant modes of variation of functional data. Using this method,  a random function is represented in the eigenbasis, which is an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space L2 that consists of the  eigenfunctions of the autocovariance operator. FPCA represents functional data in the most parsimonious way, in the sense that when using a fixed number of basis functions, the eigenfunction basis explains more variation than any other basis expansion. FPCA can be applied for representing random functions, or in functional regression and classification.
Lotterio Filangieri (died 1302)
Lotterio (or Lothair) Filangieri (died 1302) was a south Italian nobleman, the son of Giordano II of the Filangieri family, from whom he inherited the fief of Senerchia. Lotterio held a string of high posts in the Kingdom of Sicily during the final decades of the thirteenth century and opening years of the fourteenth.

He succeeded his brother, Aldoino, as justiciar of the Terra di Bari in 1283. In 1290 he was named "captain of war" (capitano di guerra) in the Basilicata by Charles II. From 1300 until his death he was the justiciar of the Terra d'Otranto.

Filangieri
The Filangieri  (or Filangeri or Filingeri) were an Italo-Norman noble family that first established as counts and lords in the province of Avellino (c. 1100). Having established itself in much of Southern Italy in the second half of the 11th century, the family played a key role in the history of the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples after the fall of the Altavilla family, which occurred at the end of the 12th century at the hands of the Hohenstaufen.
Tracker action
Tracker action is a term used in reference to pipe organs and steam calliopes to indicate a mechanical linkage between keys or pedals pressed by the organist and the valve that allows air to flow into pipe(s) of the corresponding note.  This is in contrast to "direct electric action" and "electro-pneumatic action", which connect the key to the valve through an electrical link or an electrically assisted pneumatic system respectively, or "tubular-pneumatic action" which utilizes a change of pressure within lead tubing which connects the key to the valve pneumatic.

Electro-pneumatic action
The electro-pneumatic action is a control system by the mean of air pressure for pipe organs, whereby air pressure, controlled by an electric current and operated by the keys of an organ console, opens and closes valves within wind chests, allowing the pipes to speak. This system also allows the console to be physically detached from the organ itself. The only connection was via an electrical cable from the console to the relay, with some early organ consoles utilizing a separate wind supply to operate combination pistons.
Alga, Leylek
Alga (Kyrgyz: Алга), also called Jar-Kyshtak (Kyrgyz: Жар-Кыштак), is a village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Ak-Suu Rural Administration in Leylek District. Its population was 1,607 in 2022, up from 1,022 in 2009.

Alga adjoins the village of Jenish and lies along the Ak-Suu River. It is located 19 km (12 mi) northwest of the district capital, Razzakov.

Jenish, Leylek
Jenish (Kyrgyz: Жеңиш), also called Choyunchu (Kyrgyz: Чоюнчу), is a village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Ak-Suu Rural Administration in Leylek District. Its population was 1,655 in 2022, up from 1,241 in 2009.

Jenish adjoins the village of Alga and lies along the Ak-Suu River. It is located 16 km (10 mi) northwest of the district capital, Razzakov.