hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collegium Ragusinum
The Collegium Ragusinum, sometimes also Rhagusinum, was the Jesuit college in the Republic of Ragusa, now the city of Dubrovnik in Croatia. Following early Jesuit presence in Ragusa in the late 1550s, the college was established in 1658 and closed in 1773 with the suppression of the Society of Jesus. Its preserved church is dedicated to Saint Ignatius, and the other buildings now host a Catholic gymnasium and other Church facilities. The complex has been referred to as "considered to be the finest Baroque set of buildings in Dubrovnik, and - according to many - in all of Dalmatia."

Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa was an aristocratic maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian and Latin; Raguxa in Venetian) in South Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) in Southern Europe that carried that name from 1358 until 1808. It reached its commercial peak in the 15th and the 16th centuries, before being conquered by Napoleon's French Empire and formally annexed by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1808. By then it had a population of about 30,000 people, of whom 5,000 lived within the city walls. Its motto was "Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro", a Latin phrase which can be translated as "Liberty is not well sold for all the gold".
Arquà Polesine
Arquà Polesine (Italian pronunciation: [arˈkwa ppoˈleːzine]; Venetian: Arquà Połesine) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Venice and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) southwest of Rovigo.

Arquà Polesine borders the following municipalities: Bosaro, Costa di Rovigo, Frassinelle Polesine, Polesella, Rovigo, Villamarzana.

Sights include the castle, built in 1146 by Guglielmo III degli Adelardi Marcheselli, lord of Ferrara, and the parish church (rebuilt around 1516).

Bosaro
Bosaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Venice and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Rovigo.

Bosaro borders the following municipalities: Arquà Polesine, Guarda Veneta, Polesella, Pontecchio Polesine, Rovigo.
Mackenzie McDonald
Michael Mackenzie Lowe McDonald (born April 16, 1995) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 37, achieved on October 16, 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 49, achieved on October 2, 2023.

McDonald won the 2016 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships in both singles and doubles.

2013 Western & Southern Open
The 2013 Western and Southern Open was a men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts August 12–18, 2013. It was part of the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 of the 2013 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA Premier 5 tournaments of the 2013 WTA Tour. The 2013 tournament was the 112th edition (for the men) and the 85th (for the women) of the Cincinnati Masters. The tournament is held annually at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason (a suburb of Cincinnati), Ohio, United States.

The tournament singles champions were: men's, Rafael Nadal; women's, Victoria Azarenka. This was also the last tournament for reigning Wimbledon champion Marion Bartoli.
Vercana
Vercana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Como. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 729 and an area of 14.6 square kilometres (5.6 sq mi).

Vercana borders the following municipalities: Colico, Domaso, Gera Lario, Livo, Montemezzo, Samolaco, Trezzone.

Samolaco
Samolaco (Lombard: Samolegh or Samolagh) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of the regional capital Milan and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Sondrio. As of 31 December 2005, it had a population of 2,913 and an area of 44.5 square kilometres (17.2 sq mi).

The territory of the comune, mostly mountainous, includes of a number of small centres of population, notably Casenda, Era, Giumello, San Pietro and Somaggia. All of these lie in the valley known as the Piano di Chiavenna, just to the north of the small lake Lago di Mezzola, which itself lies to the north of Lake Como. There is no centre called Samolaco, although the community centre, a grocery store, a bank, two bars, a farm supply store and an artisan honey producer lie in the Samolaco area.

Samolaco borders the following municipalities: Gordona, Livo, Montemezzo, Novate Mezzola, Prata Camportaccio, Sorico, Vercana.
Whitneyville, Connecticut
Whitneyville is a  neighborhood in the southeastern portion of the town of Hamden, Connecticut. It started in the early nineteenth century as a factory town for workers in Eli Whitney's gun factory. Around the turn of the twentieth century, it evolved into a trolley suburb of New Haven. Today it is primarily residential, with a mixture of single-family homes and small apartment and condominium buildings. There is some commercial development centered around the intersection of Whitney and Putnam avenues.

There are no officially established boundaries for the neighborhood. One map has it bounded on the north by the northern part of Lake Whitney and Waite Street, on the east by Hartford Turnpike and the Mill River, on the south by the New Haven city line, and on the west by parts of Newhall Street, Putnam Avenue, and Farmington Canal Heritage Trail. The census tract with GEOID 09009165400, corresponding closely to these boundaries, had a population of 5,112, as of the 2010 census.

Hamden, Connecticut
Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town's nickname is "The Land of the Sleeping Giant". The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 61,169 at the 2020 census.
Roslyn Estates, New York
Roslyn Estates is a village in the Town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. It is considered part of the Greater Roslyn area, which is anchored by the Incorporated Village of Roslyn. The population was 1,318 at the time of the 2020 census.

Roslyn station (LIRR)
Roslyn is a station on the Oyster Bay Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. It is located at Lincoln & Railroad Avenues, west of Roslyn Road (CR 7) and south of Warner Avenue, in Roslyn Heights, Nassau County, New York.
Brea, California
Brea (/ˈbreɪə/ BRAY-uh; Spanish for 'tar') is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. The population as of the 2020 census was 47,325. It is 33 miles (53 km) southeast of Los Angeles. Brea is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

The city began as a center of crude oil production and was later propelled by citrus production. It is a significant retail center, including the Carbon Canyon Dam, Carbon Canyon Regional Park, Brea Mall and downtown Brea. The city has an extensive public art program that began in 1975 and has over 140 artworks placed throughout the city.

Carbon Canyon Regional Park
Carbon Canyon Regional Park (or simply Carbon Canyon Park) is a regional park in Brea, California, that was created after the Carbon Canyon Creek was dammed. It links up with Chino Hills State Park on the east side. The park also is home to a small forest of Redwood trees, which have been struggling to survive since the start of the 2010 California drought.
Church of the Sacred Heart, Camberwell
The Roman Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart is a Roman Catholic church on Knatchbull Road and Camberwell New Road in Camberwell, south-east London, SE5.

The first church on this site was destroyed by enemy action during The Blitz between 8–9 October 1941.

The church was built between 1952 and 1958 in the Moderne style and has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England since 2015. The foundation stone of the present church had been laid by Cyril Cowderoy on 19 April 1952.

The devotional Stations of the Cross sculptures of Sacred Heart were supplied by Burns & Oates, and are placed above the side aisles of the church. The individual Stations of the Cross are made using the opus sectile technique, inlaid on a gold mosaic background.

Camberwell
Camberwell (/ˈkæmbərwɛl/ KAM-bər-wel) is an area of South London, England, in the London Borough of Southwark, 2+3⁄4 miles (4.5 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross.

Camberwell was first a village associated with the church of St Giles and a common of which Goose Green is a remnant. This early parish included the neighbouring hamlets of Peckham, Dulwich, Nunhead, and part of Herne Hill (the rest of Herne Hill was in the parish of Lambeth). Until 1889, it was part of the county of Surrey. In 1900 the original parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell.

In 1965, most of the Borough of Camberwell was merged into the London Borough of Southwark. To the west, part of both West Dulwich and Herne Hill come under the London Borough of Lambeth.

The place now known as Camberwell covers a much smaller area than the ancient parish, and it is bound on the north by Walworth; on the south by East Dulwich and Herne Hill; to the west by Kennington; and on the east by Peckham.
Yamashita Station (Miyagi)
Yamashita Station (山下駅, Yamashita-eki) is a railway station in the town of Yamamoto, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The original station was severely damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, and was relocated to a new location in December 2016.

Yamamoto, Miyagi
Yamamoto (山元町, Yamamoto-chō) is a town located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2020, the town had an estimated population of 12,100, and a population density of 190 persons per km2 in 4794 households. The total area of the town is 64.58 square kilometres (24.93 sq mi).
Simple past
The simple past, past simple, or past indefinite, in English equivalent to the preterite, is the basic form of the past tense in Modern English. It is used principally to describe events in the past, although it also has some other uses. Regular English verbs form the past simple in -ed; however, there are a few hundred irregular verbs with different forms.

The term "simple" is used to distinguish the syntactical construction whose basic form uses the plain past tense alone, from other past tense constructions which use auxiliaries in combination with participles, such as the present perfect, past perfect, and past progressive.

Simple present
The simple present, present simple,  or present indefinite is one of the verb forms associated with the present tense in modern English. It is commonly referred to as a tense, although it also encodes certain information about aspect in addition to the present time. The simple present is the most commonly used verb form in English, accounting for more than half of verbs in spoken English.

It is called "simple" because its basic form consists of a single word (like write or writes), in contrast with other present tense forms such as the present progressive (is writing) and present perfect (has written). For nearly all English verbs, the simple present is identical to the base form (dictionary form) of the verb, except when the subject is third-person singular, in which case the ending -(e)s is added. There are a few verbs with irregular forms, the most notable being the copula be, which has the simple present forms of am, is, and are.
HRC Arena
The Mays Arena is a 3,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Columbia, South Carolina. It is the home of the Benedict College  Tigers basketball teams and was home to the Columbia Rottweilers of the American Basketball Association.

The arena was also known as Mays Arena after De. Benjamin E. Mays.

Benedict College
Benedict College is a private historically black college in Columbia, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1870 by northern Baptists, it was originally a teachers' college. It has since expanded to offer majors in many disciplines across the liberal arts. The campus includes buildings in the Benedict College Historic District, a historic area listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Benedict College was founded in 1870 on the land of a former 110-acre (45 ha) plantation in Columbia, South Carolina. Representing the American Baptist Home Mission Society, Bathsheba A. Benedict of Pawtucket, Rhode Island had provided $13,000 to purchase the property. This was one of the numerous educational institutions founded in the South for formerly enslaved people by northern religious mission societies, as education was seen as key to the future for African Americans.
John de Havering
John de Havering (died 1309), Lord of Grafton was an English military and civil servant. He was considered one of the most experienced administrators of King Edward I, serving as Seneschal of Gascony and as Justiciar of North Wales.

Seneschal of Gascony
The Seneschal of Gascony was an officer carrying out and managing the domestic affairs of the lord of the Duchy of Gascony. During the course of the twelfth century, the seneschalship also became an office of military command. After 1360, the officer was the Seneschal of Aquitaine. There was an office above the seneschalcy, the Lieutenancy of the Duchy of Aquitaine, but it was filled only intermittently (in times of emergency).

The seneschal managed the household, coordinating between the receivers of various landholdings and the chamber, treasury, and the chancellory or chapel. The seneschals of Gascony, like those appointed in Normandy, Poitou, and Anjou, had custody of demesne fortresses, the regional treasuries, and presidency of the highest court of regional custom. Detailed records of the Gascon Exchequers during the reign of Henry III of England indicate that there most likely was a functioning exchequer.
Maliq
Maliq (Albanian definite form: Maliqi), formerly known as Malik (Albanian definite form: Maliki), is a town and a municipality in Korçë County of eastern Albania.
It is the smaller of two cities in the district, the other being Korçë, 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Maliq. The current enlarged municipality was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former administrative units of Gorë, Libonik, Maliq, Moglicë, Pirg, Pojan and Vreshtas. The seat of the municipality is the town Maliq. The total population is 41,757 (2011 census), in a total area of 656.89 km2. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 4,290. The municipal unit consists of the town Maliq and the villages Kolanec, Goce, Gjyras, Bickë, Fshat Maliq and Plovisht.

Moglicë
Moglicë is a village and a former municipality in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Maliq. The population at the 2011 census was 951. The municipal unit consists of the villages Moglicë, Gopesh, Dobërçan, Maliq-Opar, Gurkuq, Bardhas, Zerec, Dushar, Torovec, Shpatmal, Peshtan, Lumaj, Protopapë, Osojë, Gurshqipe, Kucakë and Nikollarë.

The works for the Moglicë dam in the river Devoll and the road to it concentrate almost 400 workers close to the village, that has 1 small market and at least 2 bars.
Larsnes
Larsnes is the administrative centre of Sande Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located on the southwest side of the island of Gurskøya, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the island of Kvamsøya, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southwest of the village of Haugsbygda, and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of the town of Ulsteinvik.

The village is home to manufacturing industry, fish processing, fish farming, and cement production. Larsnes Chapel is located in this village.

The 0.59-square-kilometre (150-acre) village has a population (2024) of 644 and a population density of 1,092 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,830/sq mi).

Larsnes Church
Larsnes Church (Norwegian: Larsnes kyrkje; formerly named: Larsnes Chapel) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Sande Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Larsnes on the island of Gurskøya. It is an annex chapel in the Gursken parish which is part of the Søre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The gray and white, concrete building was built in 1989 using plans drawn up by the architects Alf Apalseth and Ole Myren. The building seats about 250 people.
Giornale delle Dame e delle Mode di Francia
Giornale delle Dame e delle Mode di Francia, was an Italian fashion magazine, published between 1786 and 1794.   It is recognized to be one of the first fashion magazines in the world.

The magazine was preceded by the Cabinet des Modes, which became the world's first fashion magazine one year prior, and was followed by  Journal des Luxus und der Moden (1786-1827) in Germany and Giornale delle Dame e delle Mode di Francia in Italy (1786-1794), which thereby became the second and the third fashion magazine in the world, respectively. As the French fashion magazine was discontinued during the French Revolution, its two foreign successors came to have a leading role in the fashion journalism of Europe for several years, when the branch was still a new a pioneer one.

Cabinet des Modes
Cabinet des Modes, with the title La Magasin des Modes Nouvelles Francaises et Anglaises (or Magasin des modes for short) in 1786–1789, and Le Journal de la Modet et du Gout in 1790–1793, was a French fashion magazine, published between 1785 and 1793.   It is recognized to be the first fashion magazine.
Gonzo (company)
Gonzo K.K. (Japanese: 株式会社ゴンゾ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Gonzo) (formerly GDH K.K.)  is a Japanese anime studio owned by ADK  that was established on February 22, 2000. Gonzo is a member of The Association of Japanese Animations. The company's predecessor Gonzo Inc. was established on February 11, 1992, by former Gainax staff members, but was later absorbed into its parent company, GDH K.K. on April 1, 2009, and it would assume the Gonzo trade name for itself.

Gonzo has not released a major animation project since 2020, with Phantasy Star Online 2: Episode Oracle being the studio's latest major work; the company has been focusing on the NFT market with its projects Samurai Cryptos and Samurai Religion, as well as co-distributing the animated film They Shot the Piano Player in Japan.

Asatsu-DK
ADK Holdings Inc. d/b/a ADK, formerly known as Asatsu-DK, is a Japanese advertising agency. Headquartered in the Toranomon Hills building complex in Minato, Tokyo since June 2014 (previously in Tsukiji, Chūō, Tokyo), the firm is Japan's third largest advertising agency after Dentsu and Hakuhodo. The agency has 80 offices in over 20 countries. One, Asatsu-DK Europe, was established in 1993 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Bain Capital owned the company between 2018 and 2025, when it was sold to South Korean video game developer Krafton.
South African Class 16B 4-6-2
The South African Railways Class 16B 4-6-2 of 1917 was a steam locomotive.

In November 1917, the South African Railways placed ten Class 16B steam locomotives with a 4-6-2 Pacific type wheel arrangement in passenger train service.

4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The 4-6-2 locomotive became almost globally known as a Pacific type after a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia was shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand.
Atifete Jahjaga
Atifete Jahjaga (Albanian pronunciation: [atiˈfɛtɛ jahˈjaɡa]; born 20 April 1975) is a Kosovar Albanian politician who served as President of Kosovo. She was the first female President of Kosovo, the first non-partisan candidate to hold the office, and the youngest female head of state to be elected to the position. Prior to her presidency, Jahjaga served as Deputy Director of the Kosovo Police, holding the rank of General Lieutenant Colonel, the highest rank achieved by a female officer in Southeastern Europe.

President of Kosovo
The president of Kosovo (Albanian: Presidenti i Kosovës; Serbian: Председник Косова, romanized: Predsednik Kosova), officially the president of the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Presidenti i Republikës së Kosovës; Serbian: Председник Републике Косова, romanized: Predsednik Republike Kosova), is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. The president is elected indirectly by the parliament through a secret ballot, requiring a two-thirds majority of deputies in office. If no candidate achieves the two-thirds majority, in the third round of voting, the candidate who receives a simple majority is elected. The vote in parliament must take place no later than one month before the end of the incumbent president's term. The president serves a five-year term, which is renewable once.
Government of Somaliland
The Government of the Republic of Somaliland (JSL) (Somali: Dowladda Soomaaliland or Xukuumada Soomaaliland, Arabic: حكومة صوماليلاند, romanized: Hukumat Sumaliland) is the central government of Somaliland. The Government of Somaliland consists of legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each of which functions independently from the others. The Government runs under the framework established by the Constitution of Somaliland, adopted in 2001. It is a unitary state. The seat of the government is located in Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland.

Although Somaliland has its own currency, armed forces, police, passport, visa and history of its independence as State of Somaliland from the British, no country recognizes it except Israel.

Somaliland passport
The Somaliland passport (Somali: Baasaboorka Somaliland, Arabic: جواز سفر صوماليلاندي) is the passport issued to citizens of Republic of Somaliland for travel. A passport was issued for the first time in 1996, and a biometric passport in 2014, in line with new global standards and the requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organization.
Kensington System
The Kensington System is the term applied by historians to the strict and elaborate set of rules designed by Victoria, Duchess of Kent, along with her attendant, Sir John Conroy, concerning the upbringing of the Duchess's daughter, the future Queen Victoria. It is named after Kensington Palace in London, where they resided prior to Queen Victoria's accession to the throne.

Kensington Palace
Kensington Palace is a royal residence situated within Kensington Gardens in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It has served as a residence for the British royal family since the 17th century and is currently the official London residence of several royals, including the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, the Duke of Kent, Prince and Princess Michael of Kent, and Princess Eugenie alongside her husband, Jack Brooksbank. The term "Kensington Palace" is often used as a metonym for the offices of the royals who reside there.

Today, the State Rooms of Kensington Palace are open to the public and are managed by Historic Royal Palaces, an independent charity that operates without public funding. The palace's offices and private living quarters remain the responsibility of the Royal Household. Additionally, Kensington Palace showcases numerous paintings and other artifacts from the Royal Collection.
Alan de Veritch
Alan de Veritch (born July 18, 1947) is an American violist and viola teacher. He studied with William Primrose and performed in the Los Angeles Philharmonic for at least ten years. He has taught viola in various universities and was the president of the American Viola Society from 1990 to 1994. He played Jago peternella modern italian Viola.

William Primrose
William Primrose (23 August 1904 – 1 May 1982) was a Scottish violist and teacher. He performed with the London String Quartet from 1930 to 1935. He then joined the NBC Symphony Orchestra where he formed the Primrose Quartet. He performed in various countries around the world as a soloist throughout his career. He also taught at several universities and institutions. He authored several books on viola technique.