hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monongahela, Pennsylvania
Monongahela, referred to locally as Mon City, is a third-class city in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,149 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, about 17 miles (27 km) south of Pittsburgh proper.

The city of Monongahela sits at a location where several locally important Pennsylvania state routes meet: a concurrency between Pennsylvania routes 88, 136, and 837 makes up most of the length of the city's Main Street, and the city's Park Avenue carries Pennsylvania route 481 to its northern terminus at Main Street.

Monongahela is one of just two cities in Washington County, and is the second smallest city in Pennsylvania (after Parker). The town is served by the Ringgold School District.

Washington County, Pennsylvania
Washington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 209,349. Its county seat is Washington. The county is home to Washington County Airport, three miles (4.8 km) southwest of Washington. The county is part of the Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth. Southpointe is the regions largest business park with over 800 acres of office buildings, manufacturing, hotels, restaurants and a championship golf course. The park is home to corporations Ansys, Viatris, Range Resources, Lighthouse Electric, EQT, Core Natural Resources and Centimark. The current county commissioners are Nick Sherman, Electra Janis and Lawrence Maggi.
Copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate
Copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate or CuTC is a coordination complex derived from copper and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. It is used as a reagent  to promote the Ullmann reaction between aryl halides.

CuTC catalyzed Ullmann coupling

Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid is an organic compound with the formula SC4H3CO2H.  It is one of two monocarboxylic acids of thiophene, the other being thiophene-3-carboxylic acid. Copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate is a catalyst for Ullmann coupling reactions.
Norwood, Massachusetts
Norwood is a town and census-designated place in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Norwood is part of the Greater Boston area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 31,611. The town was named after Norwood, England. Norwood is on the Neponset River, which runs all the way to Boston Harbor from Foxborough.

Ernie Boch Jr.
Ernest Alexander Boch Jr. (born February 15, 1958) is an American billionaire and businessman who is the former CEO of Boch Enterprises, a US$1 billion business consisting primarily of automobile dealerships in Norwood, Massachusetts and the current CEO of Subaru of New England.

Boch is a local celebrity in the Greater Boston area who has a passion for music, makes television cameos, and has a creative approach to advertising and selling cars.
Quartier international de Montréal
The Quartier international de Montréal (French pronunciation: [kaʁtje ɛ̃tɛʁnɑsjɔnal də mɔ̃ʁeal]; QIM) or Montreal's International District is a district of the Ville-Marie borough in the city's downtown core of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is roughly bordered by René Lévesque Boulevard to the north, Notre-Dame Street to the south, De Bleury/Saint-Pierre Street to the east and Robert Bourassa Boulevard to the west. The Palais des congrès building lying just east of the district is also usually comprised in it. Constructed dispersedly between 1965 and 1985 in place of older colonial housing blocks, the district underwent major urban renewal as a central business district in 2000–2003.

Ville-Marie, Montreal
Ville-Marie (French pronunciation: [vil maʁi]) is the name of a borough (arrondissement) in the centre of Montreal, Quebec. The borough is named after Fort Ville-Marie, the French settlement that would later become Montreal (now Old Montreal), which was located within the present-day borough. Old Montreal is a National Historic Site of Canada.

The borough comprises all of downtown Montreal, including the Quartier des spectacles; Old Montreal and the Old Port; the Centre-Sud area; most of Mount Royal Park as well as Saint Helen's Island and Île Notre-Dame.

In 2016, it had a population of 104,944 and an area of 16.5 square kilometres (6.4 mi2).
Birni
Birni  is a town and arrondissement in the Atakora Department of northwestern Benin near the border of Togo. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Kouandé. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 12,559.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Elsvatnet
Elsvatnet (Norwegian) or Aalesjaevrie (Southern Sami) is a lake in Hattfjelldal Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It lies about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of the village of Hattfjelldal, about half-way between the lakes Røsvatnet and Unkervatnet.

Hattfjelldal Municipality
Hattfjelldal (Norwegian) or Aarborte (Southern Sami) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hattfjelldal. Other villages include Grubben, Svenskvollen, and Varntresk. Hattfjelldal Airfield is located in the village of Hattfjelldal.

The 2,684-square-kilometre (1,036 sq mi) municipality is the 20th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Hattfjelldal Municipality is the 315th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,284. The municipality's population density is 0.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 14.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Hattfjelldal is one of the last strongholds for the severely endangered Southern Sami language. It was also one of the municipalities in Norway involved in the Terra Securities scandal.
Paulina, New Jersey
Paulina is an unincorporated community located in Blairstown in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Paulina is located on the Paulins Kill, approximately 1 mi (1.6 km) east of downtown Blairstown.

Blairstown, New Jersey
Blairstown is a township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 5,704, a decrease of 263 (−4.4%) from the 2010 census count of 5,967, which in turn reflected an increase of 220 (+3.8%) from the 5,747 counted in the 2000 census.

The area had been known as Smith's Mill and was later called Butts Bridge (variously spelled as "Butt's Bridge" and "Butts' Bridge"), named for a family that owned the eponymous crossing of the Paulins Kill.

Blairstown was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 14, 1845, from portions of Knowlton Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. The township was named for John Insley Blair.
Slant-top desk
The slant-top desk, also called secretary desk, or more properly, a bureau, is a piece of writing furniture with a lid that closes at an angle and opens up as a writing surface.  It can be considered related, in form, to the desk on a frame, which was a form of portable desk in earlier eras.

Desk on a frame
The desk on a frame (or desk on frame) is usually an antique form made up of two pieces of furniture. The first piece is a fairly large and closable portable desk with  a slanted hinged top giving access to the writing surface and utility nooks and small drawers. The second piece is a stand made for it in the same style and material. It is also sometimes a single piece of furniture which looks as if it were made up of the two previous pieces but is in fact solid and nondetachable. This form was popular in Colonial America and was often done in the Queen Anne style.

The slant top desk is a direct morphological descendant. In a sense the  Spanish Bargueño (or Vargueño) desk is a distant cousin of the two piece version, since the Bargueño is also made up of a portable desk and a stand constructed specially for it, using the same materials and style.
Cerebroside
Cerebrosides (monoglycosylceramides) are a group of glycosphingolipids which are important components of animal muscle and nerve cell membranes.

They consist of a ceramide with a single sugar residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety. The sugar residue can be either glucose or galactose; the two major types are therefore called glucocerebrosides (a.k.a. glucosylceramides) and galactocerebrosides (a.k.a. galactosylceramides). Galactocerebrosides are typically found in neural tissue, while glucocerebrosides are found in other tissues.

Galactosylceramide
A galactosylceramide, or galactocerebroside is a type of cerebroside consisting of a ceramide with a galactose residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.

The galactose is cleaved by galactosylceramidase.

Galactosylceramide is a marker for oligodendrocytes in the brain, whether or not they form myelin.
Brembio
Brembio (Lodigiano: Brémbi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan and about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southeast of Lodi. Its inhabitants are called "Brembiesi".

Brembio borders the following municipalities: Mairago, Ossago Lodigiano, Secugnago, Borghetto Lodigiano, Casalpusterlengo, Livraga, Ospedaletto Lodigiano.

Secugnago
Secugnago (Lodigiano: Scügnài) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) southeast of Lodi. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,801 and an area of 6.7 square kilometres (2.6 sq mi).

Secugnago borders the following municipalities: Turano Lodigiano, Mairago, Brembio, Casalpusterlengo.
Meneen
Meneen (Irish: Méinín, meaning 'a stream') is a townland in the parish of Aughagower in County Mayo, Ireland. It is bordered to the east by the townland of Dooncastle, to the  West by the townland of Ardogommon, to the south by the townland of Ballinvoy, and to the southeast by the townland of Knockroosky. To the north is the townland of Derrygorman.

Derrygorman
Derrygorman (Irish: Doire Mhic Gormáin, meaning 'Mac Gorman's oak wood') is a townland in the civil parish of Aughagower and barony of Murrisk. It is bordered to the north (from east to west) by Drummindoo, and Sheean, to the east by Dooncastle; to the south (from east to west) by Meneen, Ardogommon, and Tonranny; and to the west by Buckwaria and Sheeroe.

During the Irish War of Independence Derrygorman had an Irish Republican Army (1919-1922) Company which was part of 3 Battalion Westport. Thomas Burke of Doon, Sheeaune is listed as Captain, He was arrested in 1921 and imprisoned in the Curragh Internment Camp.
Bernard Challandes
Bernard Challandes (born 26 July 1951) is a Swiss former professional football coach and former player who last managed the Kosovo national team.

Challandes played as a defender during his playing career, representing clubs including Urania Genève Sport and several spells at Le Locle, as well as loan periods at Superga and Boudry.

He began his managerial career as player–coach at Saint-Imier before taking charge of several Swiss clubs, including FC La Chaux-de-Fonds, Yverdon Sports, Young Boys, Servette, Zürich, Sion, Neuchâtel Xamax and Thun. He also coached Switzerland's youth national teams, including the U17, U18 and U21 sides.

Outside Switzerland, Challandes managed the Armenia national team from 2014 to 2015 before being appointed head coach of Kosovo in 2018, a role he held until 2021.

2008–09 Swiss Super League
The 2008–09 Swiss Super League was the 112th season of top-tier football in Switzerland. The competition was officially named AXPO Super League due to sponsoring purposes. It began on 18 July 2008 with a match between Young Boys Bern and reigning champions FC Basel, which the latter won by 2–1. The last matches were played in May 2009.
Alaotra-Mangoro
Alaotra-Mangoro is a region in eastern Madagascar. It borders Sofia Region in north, Analanjirofo in northeast, Atsinanana in east, Vakinankaratra in southwest, Analamanga in west and Betsiboka in northwest. The capital of the region is Ambatondrazaka, and the population was 1,255,514 in 2018. The area of the region is 31,948 km2 (12,335 sq mi).

Vakinankaratra
Vakinankaratra is a region in central Madagascar. The capital of the region is Antsirabe. It's one of the four regions of the Antananarivo Province. Vakinankaratra covers an area of 16,599 kilometres (10,314 miles), and had a population of 2,074,358 in 2018.
Richland County, South Carolina
Richland County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 416,147, making it the second-most populous county in South Carolina, behind only Greenville County. The county seat and largest community is Columbia, the state capital. The county was established on March 12, 1785. Richland County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, the center of population of South Carolina was located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia. The county is also the location of the geographic center of South Carolina, southeast of Columbia.
It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.

Columbia metropolitan area, South Carolina
As defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, and used by the U.S. Census Bureau for statistical purposes only, the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, is an area consisting of six counties in central South Carolina, anchored by the city of Columbia. The current population has an estimation of 856,889. It is the second-largest metropolitan statistical area in the state of South Carolina, since the Anderson metropolitan statistical area was combined with Greenville's following the 2010 census. Columbia-Sumter-Orangeburg combined metropolitan statistical area has a population of 1,082,699 as of 2023.
Teton County, Idaho
Teton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,630. The county seat is Driggs, and the largest city is Victor. The county was established in 1915 and was named after the Teton Mountains to the east. Teton County is part of the Jackson, WY-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The Teton Valley was discovered by explored John Colter in 1808, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–06). It became known as Pierre's Hole, and it hosted the well-attended 1832 Rendezvous, which was followed by the Battle of Pierre's Hole.

Jackson, Wyoming
Jackson is a resort town in Teton County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 10,760 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 10,680 in 2024. It is Teton County's only incorporated municipality and its county seat, and it is the largest incorporated town in Wyoming. Jackson is the principal town of the Jackson, WY-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Teton County in Wyoming and Teton County in Idaho. The town is often called Jackson Hole, which is the name of the valley in which it is located. Jackson is a popular tourist destination due to its proximity to the ski resorts Jackson Hole Mountain, Snow King Mountain, and Grand Targhee. Jackson also acts as a gateway community for Grand Teton National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
Kamov Ka-226
The Kamov Ka-226 (NATO reporting name: Hoodlum) is a small, twin-engine Russian utility helicopter. The Ka-226 features an interchangeable mission pod, rather than a conventional cabin, allowing the use of various accommodation or equipment configurations. The Ka-226 entered service in 2002.

HAL Light Utility Helicopter
The HAL Light Utility Helicopter (LUH), along with its derivative, Light Observation Helicopter (LOH), is an Indian Utility Helicopter designed and developed by the Rotary Wing Research and Design Center (RWR&DC), one of the research and development (R&D) centres of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), for civilian and military applications. It is intended to replace license-built versions of Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama (designated Cheetah) and Aérospatiale Alouette III (designated Chetak) in service with the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force.
Zenair
Zenair Ltd is a Canadian kit aircraft producer founded by aeronautical engineer Chris Heintz and based in Midland, Ontario.

44°41′28″N 79°55′58.75″W﻿ / ﻿44.69111°N 79.9329861°W﻿ / 44.69111; -79.9329861

AMD Alarus
The AMD Alarus was produced in two variants, one for general aviation and the other for military use.

The Alarus features Garmin avionics and a 46-inch-wide (1,200 mm) cabin.

As of 2011 the aircraft is no longer in production by AMD, although Zenair provides parts support.
Cameron Mackintosh
Sir Cameron Anthony Mackintosh (born 17 October 1946) is a British theatrical producer and theatre owner notable for his association with many commercially successful musicals. At the height of his success in 1990, he was described as being "the most successful, influential and powerful theatrical producer in the world" by the New York Times. He is the producer of shows including Les Misérables, The Phantom of the Opera, Cats, Miss Saigon, Mary Poppins, Oliver!, and Hamilton.

Mackintosh was knighted in 1996 for services to musical theatre. Two of his productions, Les Misérables and The Phantom of the Opera, are the two longest-running musicals in West End history. In 2008, The Daily Telegraph ranked him number 7 in their list of the "100 most powerful people in British culture". In the Sunday Times Rich List of 2021, Mackintosh was estimated to have a net worth of £1.2 billion.

Miss Saigon controversy
The Miss Saigon controversy refers to the numerous controversies that arose in connection with the 1989 stage musical Miss Saigon during the show's 1990 transfer to Broadway, reaching their peak around August 1990. Afterwards, controversies surrounding the production continued through the early 1990s.
Sieved orthogonal polynomials
In mathematics, sieved orthogonal polynomials are orthogonal polynomials whose recurrence relations are formed by sieving the recurrence relations of another family; in other words, some of the recurrence relations are replaced by simpler ones. The first examples were the sieved ultraspherical polynomials introduced by Waleed Al-Salam, W. R. Allaway, and Richard Askey (1984). Mourad Ismail later studied sieved orthogonal polynomials in a long series of papers. Other families of sieved orthogonal polynomials that have been studied  include sieved Pollaczek polynomials, and sieved Jacobi polynomials.

Sieved Jacobi polynomials
In mathematics, sieved Jacobi polynomials are a family of sieved orthogonal polynomials, introduced by Askey (1984).  Their recurrence relations are a modified (or "sieved") version of the recurrence relations for Jacobi polynomials.
Modern Two
Modern Two, formerly the Dean Gallery, in Edinburgh, is one of the two buildings housing the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, one of Scotland's national art galleries. It is operated by National Galleries Scotland. It is twinned with Modern One which lies on the opposite side of Belford Road.

Eduardo Paolozzi
Sir Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi CBE RA (/paʊˈlɒtsi/, Italian: [paoˈlɔttsi]; 7 March 1924 – 22 April 2005) was a Scottish artist, known for his sculpture and graphic works. He is widely considered to be one of the pioneers of pop art.
Rufford Charters
The Rufford Charters  were grants of land and grants of Regalian rights over land, which created an extra-parochial liberty, known as the Liberty of Rufford in the County of Nottinghamshire in England. It is defined as an area in which regalian rights were exercised by the Cistercian monks of Rufford Abbey.

Liberty of Rufford
The Liberty of Rufford was an extra-parochial liberty in the County of Nottinghamshire.

It extends southward from the vicinity of Ollerton, for more than six miles, along the banks of the Rainworth-water, and consists of 10,221 acres. It is defined as an area in which regalian rights were revoked and where land was held by a Lord of the Manor, that is to say, an area in which rights reserved to the King had been devolved into private hands.

Liberties were areas of widely variable extent which were independent of the usual system of hundreds and boroughs for a number of different reasons, usually to do with peculiarities of tenure. Because of their tenurial rather than geographical origin, the areas covered by liberties could either be widely scattered across a county. The Liberty of Rufford included the Parishes of Bilsthorpe, Eakring and most of Ollerton, Ompton, Boughton, Wellow, and extended into Blidworth, Edwinstowe, Egmanton, Farnsfield, Kirton, Tuxford, and Walesby,
Edge-class cruise ship
The Edge class is a class of cruise ships operated by Celebrity Cruises, a subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. The class is constructed by Chantiers de l'Atlantique of France. At present, there are five active Edge-class ships: the lead vessel of the class Celebrity Edge, Celebrity Apex, Celebrity Beyond,
Celebrity Ascent, and Celebrity Xcel.
Celebrity Apex was scheduled to begin operations in April 2020, but entry into service was delayed until June 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Celebrity Ascent welcomed its first guests in November 2023. A fifth ship, Celebrity Xcel debuted in November 2025  and a sixth, Celebrity Xcite, ship will enter service in 2028.

Both Celebrity Edge and Celebrity Apex were built with a gross tonnage (GT) of 130,818. Subsequent new builds have a hull extended by 20 metres (66 ft), bringing the length of the ship to 327 metres (1,072 ft 10 in), and an increased gross tonnage to 140,600 GT. Ships in this class are reported to cost US$1 billion each.

Celebrity Xcel
Celebrity Xcel is the fifth Edge-class cruise ship built by Celebrity Cruises. She is sister ship of Celebrity Edge, Celebrity Apex, Celebrity Beyond, and Celebrity Ascent. The ship was constructed at the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard and delivered in October 2025.
Belgrano, Buenos Aires
Belgrano is a northern barrio or neighborhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is made up of middle and upper class people. Belgrano has three distinct areas: the main one that is made up of apartment buildings, Belgrano "R" which is a leafy suburb area with English architecture, and Buenos Aires' Chinatown.

University of Belgrano
The University of Belgrano (Spanish: Universidad de Belgrano, commonly referred to as UB) is a private university in the Belgrano district of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was established in 1964.