hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Locorotondo
Locorotondo (Barese: U Curdunne) is a town and municipality of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy, with a population of about 14,000. It is situated between Martina Franca and Alberobello in the Valle d'Itria, a green stretch of countryside dotted with the famous whitewashed cone-roofed trulli houses. Locorotondo is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") and it has been awarded the Orange Flag of the Touring Club of Italy due to the harmony of its shapes and the accessibility of the old town, as it can be easily visited on foot. It is an intricate network of little streets lined with old buildings and it is known for its typical houses called "Le Cummerse", which have a regular geometric shape and a sloping roof made of two different layers of limestone slabs. These dwellings have nowadays been renovated and offered to visitors in the form of scattered hotels.

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Troopergate (Bill Clinton)
Troopergate is the popular name for a political controversy that emerged in the 1990s in which several Arkansas State Troopers claimed that they had arranged sexual liaisons for Arkansas governor Bill Clinton during his time in office (1979–81, 1983–92) and had helped deceive his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton.

Arkansas State Police
The Arkansas State Police is a state police division of the Arkansas Department of Public Safety and is responsible for enforcing motor vehicle laws, traffic laws, and criminal laws. The Arkansas State Police serves as an assisting agency to local law enforcement agencies within the State of Arkansas and has statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities, criminal investigations, and crimes against children investigations.
Magadha
Magadha (IPA: [məɡəd̪ʰaː]) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism and formed the core of the Maurya Empire (c. 320–185 BCE).

Magadhi Prakrit
Magadhi Prakrit (Māgadhī) is of one of the three Dramatic Prakrits, the written languages of Classical-Medieval India following the decline of Pali. It was a vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan language, replacing earlier Vedic Sanskrit.
Decentralized Administration of Peloponnese, Western Greece and the Ionian
The Decentralized Administration of Peloponnese, Western Greece and the Ionian (Greek: Αποκεντρωμένη Διοίκηση Πελοποννήσου, Δυτικής Ελλάδας και Ιονίου, romanized: Apokentroméni Dioíkisi Peloponnísou, Dytikís Elládas kai Ioníou) is one of the seven decentralized administrations of Greece, consisting of the regions of Peloponnese, Western Greece and the Ionian Islands. Its seat is in Patras, Western Greece, and it is currently headed by Acting Secretary-General Dionysios Panagiotopoulos.

Decentralized administrations of Greece
The decentralized administrations (Greek: αποκεντρωμένες διοικήσεις, romanized: apokentroménes dioikíseis) is a tier of the public administration of Greece. They are appointed by the national government to supervise the regions and municipalities within their territory. They were created in January 2011 as part of a far-reaching reform of the country's administrative structure, the Kallikratis reform (Law 3852/2010).

They are run by a government-appointed general secretary, assisted by an advisory council drawn from the regional governors and the representatives of the municipalities. They enjoy both administrative and financial autonomy and exercise devolved state powers in urban planning, environmental and energy policy, forestry, migration and citizenship. Beyond that, they are tasked with supervising the first and second-level self-governing bodies, the regions and municipalities.
Bukiniczia
Bukiniczia cabulica is a plant in the plumbago or leadwort family, Plumbaginaceae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus Bukiniczia.  It is a biennial native to Afghanistan and Pakistan.  It forms a basal rosette of leathery leaves, growing a stem with pink flowers in its second year.

Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family.

Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow as lianas or shrubs. The plants have perfect flowers and are pollinated by insects. They are found in many different climatic regions, from arctic to tropical conditions, but are particularly associated with salt-rich steppes, marshes, and sea coasts.

The family has been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. It includes c. 30 genera and about 725 species.

The 1981 Cronquist system placed the family in a separate order Plumbaginales, which included no other families. The Dahlgren system had segregated some of these plants as family Limoniaceae.
Decipher, Inc.
Decipher, Inc. is an American gaming company headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, US. The company began with three puzzles marketed as "Decipher," subsequently marketing party games and Pente sets.  After 1994, Decipher produced collectible card and role-playing games — including their longest-running product, How to Host a Murder Mystery series. Other popular works have included many different card games. Since 2002, Decipher has released two licensed role-playing games: Star Trek RPG and The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game.

WARS Trading Card Game
The WARS Trading Card Game is an out-of-print trading card game released by Decipher in October 2004 with science fiction themes, using game mechanics from the Star Wars CCG. After two releases, the game was officially "placed on hiatus" in May 2005.

In 2004-2005, a number of short stories were published in the universe. Although the game continued to be on the indefinite hiatus, starting from 2010 it had received several new publications (three books and over a dozen short stories) first from Grail Quest Books, and then Arcbeatle Press.
Polanowice-Poświętne-Ligota
Polanowice-Poświętne-Ligota (Polish pronunciation: [pɔlanɔˈvit͡sɛ pɔˈɕfjɛntnɛ liˈgɔta]) is a district in Wrocław, Poland, located in the northern part of the city. It was established in the territory of the former Psie Pole district.

The district consists of the neighborhoods of Poświętne, Polanowice, and a fragment of Ligota.

Psie Pole
Psie Pole (Polish pronunciation: [pɕɛ ˈpɔlɛ], German: Hundsfeld, [ˈhʊntsfɛlt]), lit. 'Dog Field', is a former dzielnica (city district) of Wrocław, Poland, located in the north-eastern part of the city.

Before 1928, it used to be an independent town. On March 21, 1991, the newly created City Office of Wrocław assumed many of the functions previously carried out within the borough. The name, though, remained in use, mainly for statistical and administrative purposes.

It lies in the city's northern and northeastern parts, on the right shore of the Oder River. A part of Psie Pole is one of Wrocław's greenest neighborhoods, and its suburban location makes it an important transport hub toward Warsaw, Łódź and other locations in central Poland.

The Polish General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces is located in Psie Pole.
Umatilla County, Oregon
Umatilla County (/ˌjuːməˈtɪlə/) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population of 81,826 ranks it as the 14th largest in Oregon, and largest in Eastern Oregon. Hermiston is the largest and fastest growing city in Umatilla County, but Pendleton remains the county seat.  Umatilla County is part of the Hermiston-Pendleton, OR Micropolitan Statistical Area, which has a combined population of 94,833. It is included in the eight-county definition of Eastern Oregon.

The county is named for the Umatilla River.

Grant County, Oregon
Grant County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,233, making it Oregon's fourth-least populous county. The county seat is Canyon City. It is named for President Ulysses S. Grant, who served as an army officer in the Oregon Territory, and at the time of the county's creation was a Union general in the American Civil War. Grant County is included in the eight-county definition of Eastern Oregon.
Jacob ben Samuel Taitazak
Jacob ben Samuel Taitazak (Hebrew: יעקב בן שמואל טאיטאצק) was a Talmudist of the 16th century, and an author of a responsum inserted in Samuel de Medina's collection entitled She'elot u-Teshubot MaHRaSHDaM (vol. iii., § 203, Salonica, 1598). He was a member of the Taitazak family.

Taitazak family
The Taitazak family was a prominent family of Spanish Jews, several members of which distinguished themselves as Talmudic authorities. Various opinions have been expressed as to the origin of the name, the exact orthography and signification of which cannot be ascertained. After the expulsion from Spain in 1492 Solomon Taitazak, with his two sons Joseph and Judah, settled at Salonica, where members of the family subsequently became the leading spirits of the community.
Volen Siderov
Volen Nikolov Siderov (Bulgarian: Волен Николов Сидеров [ˈvɔlɛn ˈsidɛrof]; born 19 April 1956) is a Bulgarian far-right politician and chairman of the nationalist party Attack. He has been the editor of numerous newspapers and has authored five books.

In 2021, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Bulgarian courts had erred in not upholding civil discrimination claims against Siderov for his anti-Jewish and anti-Romani statements.

Angel Dzhambazki
Angel Chavdarov Dzhambazki (Bulgarian: Ангел Чавдаров Джамбазки, born 21 March 1979) is a Bulgarian politician  who served as Member of the European Parliament from 2014 to 2024. He is also a member of the far-right party VMRO-BND and served as its co-chairman, having joined the nationalist party's youth organization in 1997 and gradually progressed through its ranks.
Pill thermometer
A pill thermometer is an ingestible thermometer that allows a person's core temperature to be continuously monitored. It was developed by NASA in collaboration with Johns Hopkins University for use with astronauts. Since then the pill has been used by mountain climbers, football players, cyclists, F1 drivers, and in the mining industry.

The Thermometer Pill is currently manufactured by the company HQ Inc under the brand name CorTemp.

Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine (medical thermometer), and in scientific research.
Aphrodite Jones
Aphrodite Jones (born November 27, 1958) is an American author, reporter, and television producer.

Jones is an executive producer and the host of the television series True Crime with Aphrodite Jones. Previously, Jones hosted a show called The Justice Hunters for USA Network, and was a crime reporter for Fox News, covering the trials of Scott Peterson, Michael Jackson, and Dennis Rader for The O'Reilly Factor and Geraldo At Large.

Murder of Shanda Sharer
Shanda Renee Sharer (June 6, 1979 – January 11, 1992) was an American girl who was tortured and burned to death in Madison, Indiana, by four teenage girls. She was 12 years old at the time of her murder. The crime attracted international attention due to both its brutality and the young age of the perpetrators, who were aged between 15 and 17 years old. The case was covered on national news and talk shows and has inspired several episodes of fictional crime shows.
Fareej el-Makharqa
Fareej el-Makharqa or Al-Makharga (Arabic: فريج المخارقة) is a neighborhood in the heart of Manama, the capital of Bahrain. It is adjacent to Fareej el-Hammam, Fareej el-Hatab, Fareej el-Fadhel, and Gudaibiya.

Fareej el-Hammam
Fareej el-Hammam (Arabic: فريج الحمام, Fareej el-Hammam), also called Fareej el-Khawaja after a prominent family, is an old district close to the Manama Souq in the heart of Manama, in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It is adjacent to Fareej el-Makharqa.  Along with the other districts of the souq, it formed the core districts of Manama prior to the expansion of the city in the 20th century.

Many famous Matams are located in the district, including Matam Algassab and Matam Al-Hahj Abbas (Matam Haji Abbas).
Dublin City (UK Parliament constituency)
Dublin City was an Irish borough constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It comprised the city of Dublin in the county of Dublin, and was represented by two Members of Parliament from its creation in 1801 until 1885.

In 1885, Dublin City was split into four divisions which were separate single member constituencies: Dublin College Green, Dublin Harbour, Dublin St Stephen's Green and Dublin St Patrick's.

Dublin College Green
College Green, a division of the parliamentary borough of Dublin, was a parliamentary constituency which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1922. From 1918 to 1921, it was also used as a constituency for Dáil Éireann

From the dissolution of 1922, the area was no longer represented in the UK Parliament.
Lepidothamnus
Lepidothamnus is a genus of conifers belonging to the podocarp family Podocarpaceae. The genus includes three species of dioecious or monoecious evergreen trees and shrubs, and creepers. L. intermedius and L. laxifolius are native to New Zealand. L. fonkii is native to the Magellanic subpolar forests ecoregion of southern Argentina and Chile, where it grows as a low shrub or creeper in moorlands and bogs.

Lepidothamnus laxifolius
Lepidothamnus laxifolius, commonly known as the pygmy pine or mountain rimu, is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it is found in the North Island, the South Island and on Stewart Island.
Jardin Anglais
The Jardin anglais (literally "English garden") is an urban park in Geneva, Switzerland, situated at the location of an ancient harbor and a wood. It marks the beginning of the Quai Gustave-Ador.

The park was created in 1855. In 1863 the building process of the Pont du Mont-Blanc changed the park to its actual form – a trapezoid/trapezium of 25430 m2.

The park hosts the Le monument national and the L'horloge fleurie (or Flower clock), besides several pavilions, a sculpted bronze fountain by Alexis Andre and a coffeehouse.

Annually, it hosts the Geneva Christmas Market.

L'horloge fleurie
L'horloge fleurie, or the flower clock,  is an outdoor flower clock located on the western side of Jardin Anglais park in Geneva, Switzerland.

Around 6,500 flowering plants and shrubs are used for the clock face. The plants are changed as the seasons change.
Tipton Ford, Missouri
Tipton Ford is a small unincorporated community in Newton County, Missouri, United States, and located at the intersection of Interstate 49 and Route 175. The community is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The community lies on the northeast bank of Shoal Creek and is 3.5 miles west-southwest of the George Washington Carver National Monument.

Newton County, Missouri
Newton County is a county located in the southwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,648. Its county seat is Neosho. The county was organized in 1838 and is named in honor of John Newton, a hero who fought in the Revolutionary War. Newton County is part of the Joplin metropolitan area.
Hawarden, New Zealand
Hawarden is a small town in the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island.  It is located near Waikari, just off State Highway 7.

From 15 December 1884 until 15 January 1978, the town was served by the Waiau Branch, a branch line railway that at one stage was planned to become the Main North Line to Nelson and Blenheim. The Weka Pass Railway restoration project once had plans to retain the line through Hawarden, but later chose to terminate their line in Waikari. Some relics of the old railway line still remain at the site of Hawarden's railway station.

The town is home to the Flaxmere Gardens and is located in a scenic area near the Lake Sumner Forest Park, with a number of other lakes also in the vicinity.

Waiau Branch
The Waiau Branch was a branch line railway in the northern Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island.  Known as the Great Northern Railway for its first few decades of life, the Waiau Branch was seen as part of a main line north but was ultimately superseded by a coastal route. Opened in stages from 1882 to 1919, the line closed in 1978 but a portion has been retained as the Weka Pass Railway.
Springwood High School, King's Lynn
Springwood High School is a secondary school with academy status in the town of King's Lynn in Norfolk, England. It was formed by the merger of several schools when the government began to abolish the tripartite system in the mid-1960s. Springwood has over 1700 pupils, including a sixth form with over 300 pupils and has been designated a Specialist Performing Arts College.

Ofsted consistently rate the school as "Good", the most recent inspection having been in November 2022.

King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England. It is 36 miles (58 km) north-east of Peterborough, 44 miles (71 km) north-north-east of Cambridge, 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich, and about 5 miles (8 km) inland from The Wash estuary.
Charles III de Croÿ
Charles III de Croÿ (1 July 1560 – 12 January 1612) was Seigneur de Croÿ, 4th Duke of Aarschot, 5th Prince of Chimay and 5th Count of Beaumont. He played an important role on both sides of the Dutch Revolt.  He was an avid collector of art and coins. His favourite residences were the Château de Beaumont and Heverlee castle, where he housed his collections and created beautiful gardens.

Prince de Chimay
Prince of Chimay is a title of Belgian and Dutch nobility associated with the town of Chimay in what is now Belgium. The title is currently held by Philippe de Caraman-Chimay, 22nd Prince de Chimay (b. 1948). The main residence of the princely family is Chimay Castle (French: Château de Chimay), which is located in the town of Chimay in the Hainaut province of Belgium.
National Council of Greek Women
National Council of Greek Women (Greek: Εθνικό Συμβούλιο Ελληνίδων, romanized: Ethniko Symvoulio Ellinidon) is a Greek women's organization, founded in 1908.

The ESE was founded by Kalliroi Parren. Parren had founded the Union for the Emancipation of Women  in 1894, but the ESE was to become a national organization.
ESE was the first national women's organization in Greece. It functioned as an umbrella organization, uniting the many local women's organizations of Greece. The focus of the ESE were education and professional rights. It avoided the issue of women's suffrage, which was seen as too provocative, and therefore the Greek League for Women's Rights  was founded by Avra Theodoropoulou in 1920 to address that issue.

Greek League for Women's Rights
The Greek League for Women's Rights (Greek: Σύνδεσμος για τα Δικαιώματα της Γυναίκας) is a Greek feminist organization which was founded in 1920 in Athens to promote women's political rights including suffrage. Affiliated to the International Alliance of Women, the organization continues to be active today.
Tokyo Sungoliath
Tokyo Suntory Sungoliath (formerly known as Suntory Sungoliath) is owned by the Suntory beverage company and is one of the Japanese rugby union teams in the Top League. The team is based in Fuchū, Tokyo, as is their local rival Toshiba Brave Lupus. The team rebranded as Tokyo Suntory Sungoliath ahead of the rebranding of the Top League to the Japan Rugby League One in 2022.

Suntory coached by Katsuyuki Kiyomiya won the Microsoft Cup on February 24, 2008 by defeating Sanyo Wild Knights in a close and exciting game, 14-10. Therefore, Suntory became the champion of the Top League for the 2007–08 season.

On June 18, 2008 it was announced that George Gregan, the most-capped player in the sport's history, had joined the club on a two-year contract. (Daily Yomiuri, June 19, 2008) Gregan remained with the club until he announced his retirement at the end of the 2010–11 season.

Suntory
Suntory Holdings Limited is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of Western-style alcoholic beverages in Japan and one of the largest drinks companies in the world following its acquisition of Beam, Inc. in 2014.

Suntory produces a number of well-known alcohol and soft drink brands, including Jim Beam, Lucozade, Orangina, Maker's Mark, Ribena, and a range of Japanese whiskies. The company is headquartered in Osaka and employs 40,000 people globally.
Neumann series
A Neumann series is a mathematical series that sums k-times repeated applications of an operator . This has the generator form

where  is the k-times repeated application of ;  is the identity operator  and  for . This is a special case of the generalization of a geometric series of real or complex numbers to a geometric series of operators. The generalized initial term of the series is the identity operator  and the generalized common ratio of the series is the operator

The series is named after the mathematician Carl Neumann, who used it in 1877 in the context of potential theory. The Neumann series is used in functional analysis. It is closely connected to the resolvent formalism for studying the spectrum of bounded operators and, applied from the left to a function, it forms the Liouville-Neumann series that formally solves Fredholm integral equations.

Invertible matrix
In linear algebra, an invertible matrix (non-singular, non-degenerate or regular) is a square matrix that has an inverse. In other words, if a matrix is invertible, it can be multiplied by its inverse matrix to yield the identity matrix. Invertible matrices are the same size as their inverse.

The inverse of a matrix represents the inverse operation, meaning if a matrix is applied to a particular vector, followed by applying the matrix's inverse, the result is the original vector.