hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baiso
Baiso (Reggiano: Baîṣ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Reggio Emilia.

Baiso borders the following municipalities: Carpineti, Castellarano, Prignano sulla Secchia, Toano, Viano. It counts the hamlets (frazioni) of Debbia, Levizzano, San Cassiano, San Romano and Visignolo.

Baiso is a member of Cittaslow.

Carpineti
Carpineti (Reggiano: Carpnèida [karpˈnɛi̯da], locally Carpnéda) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Reggio Emilia.

Carpineti borders the following municipalities: Baiso, Casina, Castelnovo ne' Monti, Toano, Viano, Villa Minozzo.
A Light in the Window (novel)
A Light in the Window is a novel written by American author Jan Karon.  It is book two of The Mitford Years series.  The first edition (ISBN 0-7459-2803-X) was published in hardcover format by Doubleday in 1994.

The Mitford Years
The Mitford Years is a series of fifteen novels by American writer Jan Karon, set in the fictional town of Mitford, North Carolina. The novels are Christian-themed, and center on the life of the rector, Father Tim Kavanagh.
Music in psychological operations
Music can be used as a tool of psychological warfare. The term "music torture" is sometimes used to describe the practice. While it is acknowledged by United States interrogation experts to cause discomfort, it has also been characterized as having no "long-term effects".

Music and sound have been usually used as part of a combination of interrogation methods, today recognized by international bodies as amounting to torture. Attacking all senses without leaving any visible traces, they have formed the basis of the widely discussed torture in Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib. They were, however, devised much earlier in the 1950s and early 1960s, as a way to counter so-called Soviet "brainwashing". Methods of "noise torture" or "sound torture", which include the continuous playing of music or noise, have been paired with sensory deprivation, sleep deprivation, food and drink deprivation, and stress positions.

Loud music
Loud music is music that is played at a high volume, often to the point where it disturbs others and causes hearing damage. It may include music that is sung live, played with musical instruments, or with electronic media, such as Radio broadcasting, CD, MP3 players or even on phones and streaming services.

Playing loud music that can be heard by others in nearby properties is considered rude by many societies in many settings, and may result in loss of respect and legal action under the nuisance ordinance. In certain contained settings, such as nightclubs or concerts, music is often played very loudly, but is viewed as acceptable. Headphones allow loud music to be enjoyed without annoying neighbors, though leakage is an issue with headphones, and the listener will still get hearing damage.
Asprenas
Asprenas is a genus of Australasian stick insects belonging to the tribe Eurycanthini.

Species:

Asprenas brunneri (Stål, 1875)

Asprenas crassipes Redtenbacher, 1908

Asprenas dubius Carl, 1915

Asprenas effeminatus Carl, 1913

Asprenas femoratus Stål, 1875

Asprenas gracilipes Redtenbacher, 1908

Asprenas impennis Carl, 1913

Asprenas sarasini Carl, 1915

Asprenas spiniventris (Sharp, 1898)

Lonchodinae
The Lonchodinae are a subfamily of stick insects in the family Lonchodidae found in: Australasia, Asia, Africa, Southern America and the Pacific.

The subfamilies Necrosciinae and Lonchodinae, formerly part of Diapheromeridae, were determined to make up a separate family and were transferred to the re-established family Lonchodidae in 2018.
Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
The 11th Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XI; c. 2150 BC – c. 1991 BC) is a well-attested group of rulers. Its earlier members before King Mentuhotep II are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period, whereas the later members are considered part of the Middle Kingdom. They all ruled from Thebes in Upper Egypt.

Turin King List
The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BC), now in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum) in Turin. The papyrus is the most extensive list available of kings compiled by the ancient Egyptians, and is the basis for most Egyptian chronology before the reign of Ramesses II. The list records more than 200 kings, but not all names have survived.
Book series
A book series, or a novel series, is a sequence of books having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group. Book series can be organized in different ways, such as written by the same author, or marketed as a group by their publisher.

Jean-Christophe
Jean-Christophe (1904‒1912) is the novel in 10 volumes by Romain Rolland for which he received the Prix Femina in 1905 and which contributed to his receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915. It was translated into English by Gilbert Cannan.

The sequence tells the story of a German musical genius living in France and incorporates views on music, society, and understanding between nations.

The first four volumes are sometimes grouped as Jean-Christophe, the next three as Jean-Christophe à Paris, and the last three as La fin du voyage ("Journey's End").

L'Aube ("Dawn", 1904)

Le Matin ("Morning", 1904)

L'Adolescent ("Youth", 1904)

La Révolte ("Revolt", 1905)

La Foire sur la place ("The Marketplace", 1908)

Antoinette (1908)

Dans la maison ("The House", 1908)

Les Amies ("Love and Friendship", 1910)

Le Buisson ardent ("The Burning Bush", 1911)

La Nouvelle Journée ("The New Dawn", 1912)

The English translations appeared between 1911 and 1913.
Flare (acrobatic move)
The flare is an acrobatic move in which the performer alternates balancing the torso between either arm while swinging the legs beneath in continuous circles. It is a fundamental b-boying or bgirl power move, and in gymnastics it may be performed on a pommel horse or during the floor exercise. The move is commonly spelled flair in gymnastics and further may be called a "Thomas flair" after its originator, Kurt Thomas.

Power move
Power moves are dance moves which are loosely defined as moves relying on speed, momentum, and acrobatic elements for performance. They are prominent in B-boying, often the centerpieces of routines featuring the other elements (toprock, downrock, and freezes) that make up breaking. Power moves are closer to gymnastics than dancing. B-boys who focus heavily on power moves and execute them as a main part of their routines are often called "power heads".
Podil
Podil (Ukrainian: Поділ [poˈd⁽ʲ⁾il] ⓘ) or Podol (Russian: Подол [pɐˈdol] ⓘ), also known in English as the Lower City, is a historic neighborhood in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is located on a floodplain terrace over the Dnieper between the Kyiv Hills and the lower stream of Pochaina River. Podil is one of the oldest neighborhoods of Kyiv, and the birthplace of the city's trade, commerce and industry. After the Mongol invasion of Rus' and destruction of Kyiv, it served as a city center until the 19th century. Here the city administration (magistrate) and the main university were located, and later the city's port and shipyard were established here.

Podil contains many architectural and historical landmarks, and new archaeological sites are still being revealed. It is a part of the city's larger administrative Podilskyi District.

Subdivisions of Kyiv
Subdivisions of Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine, include formal administrative subdivisions known as urban districts (raions) and also more specific, informal subdivisions referred to as historical neighborhoods. The city is divided in half by the river Dnipro, and therefore creates two important portions of the capital city. The so-called "Left-bank of Kyiv", as in reference to the river Dnipro, and which is the newer half of the city, plus the "Right-bank of Kyiv", which includes the original or historic City of Kyiv.
Evidential reasoning approach
In decision theory, the evidential reasoning approach (ER) is a generic evidence-based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach for dealing with problems having both quantitative and qualitative criteria under various uncertainties including ignorance and randomness. It has been used to support various decision analysis, assessment and evaluation activities such as environmental impact assessment and organizational self-assessment based on a range of quality models.

Decision matrix
A decision matrix is a list of values in rows and columns that allows an analyst to systematically identify, analyze, and rate the performance of relationships between sets of values and information. Elements of a decision matrix show decisions based on certain decision criteria. The matrix is useful for looking at large masses of decision factors and assessing each factor's relative significance by weighting them by importance.
CDC 1700
The CDC 1700 is a 16-bit word minicomputer, manufactured by the Control Data Corporation with deliveries beginning in May 1966.

Over the years there were several versions.  The original 1700 was constructed using air-cooled CDC 6600-like cordwood logic modules and core memory, although later models used different technology.  The final models, called Cyber-18, added four general-purpose registers and a number of instructions to support a time-sharing operating system.

CDC Cyber
The CDC Cyber range of mainframe-class supercomputers were the primary products of Control Data Corporation (CDC) during the 1970s and 1980s. In their day, they were the computer architecture of choice for scientific and mathematically intensive computing. They were used for modeling fluid flow, material science stress analysis, electrochemical machining analysis, probabilistic analysis, energy and academic computing, radiation shielding modeling, and other applications. The lineup also included the Cyber 18 and Cyber 1000 minicomputers. Like their predecessor, the CDC 6600, they were unusual in using the ones' complement binary representation.
The Fair at Sorochyntsi (short story)
"The Fair at Sorochyntsi" is the first story in the collection Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka written in 1829–1832 by Nikolai Gogol. Later in the 19th century the story was adapted as an opera of the same name by Modest Mussorgsky (left unfinished by the composer, and completed by other hands).

Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka
Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka (Russian: «Вечера на хуторе близ Диканьки») is a collection of short stories by Nikolai Gogol, written in 1829–1832. They appeared in various magazines and were published in book form when Gogol was twenty-two.  The collection's frame story takes place in Dykanka, a settlement in central Ukraine.

The writer was born in the village of Velyki Sorochyntsi near Poltava, and  spent his life in Ukraine up to the age of nineteen. He put his early impressions and memories of childhood into these pictures of peasant life. In a series of letters to his mother, he asked her to write down descriptions of village customs, dress, superstitions, and old stories. These were also used as primary sources.
Stone (unit)
The stone or stone weight (abbreviation: st.) is an English and British imperial unit of mass equal to 14 avoirdupois pounds (6.35 kg). The stone continues in customary use in the United Kingdom and Ireland for body weight.

England and other Germanic-speaking countries of Northern Europe formerly used various standardised "stones" for trade, with their values ranging from about 5 to 40 local pounds (2.3 to 18.1 kg) depending on the location and objects  weighed. With the advent of metrication, Europe's various "stones" were superseded by or adapted to the kilogram from the mid-19th century onward.

Weights and Measures Acts (UK)
Weights and Measures Acts are acts of the British Parliament determining the regulation of weights and measures. It also refers to similar statutes of the kingdoms of England and Scotland and the medieval Welsh states. The earliest of these were originally untitled but were given descriptive glosses or titles based upon the monarch under whose reign they were promulgated. Several omnibus modern acts have the short title "Weights and Measures Act" and are distinguished by the year of their enactment.
Liberty-Eylau High School
Liberty-Eylau High School is a public high school located in Texarkana, Texas near the unincorporated town of Eylau and classified as a 3A school by the University Interscholastic League. It is part of the Liberty-Eylau Independent School District located in southeastern Bowie County. During 2022‍–‍2023, Liberty-Eylau High School had an enrollment of 532 students and a student to teacher ratio of 7.41. The school received an overall rating of "D" from the Texas Education Agency for the 2024‍–‍2025 school year

Liberty-Eylau Independent School District
Liberty-Eylau Independent School District (/ˈaɪloʊ/) is a public school district in southeastern Bowie County, Texas, United States.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
Exploratory blockmodeling
Exploratory blockmodeling is an (inductive) approach (or a group of approaches) in blockmodeling regarding the specification of an ideal blockmodel.: 234  This approach, also known as hypotheses-generating, is the simplest approach, as it "merely involves the definition of the block types permitted as well as of the number of clusters." With this approach, researcher usually defines the best possible blockmodel, which then represent the base for the analysis of the whole network.

This approach is usually based on:: 284

previous analyses and theoretical considerations,

using stricker blockmodel and block types, where the structural equivalence is stricker than the regular equivalence and

using smaller number of classes.

The opposite approach is called a confirmatory blockmodeling.

Confirmatory blockmodeling
Confirmatory blockmodeling is a deductive approach in blockmodeling, where a blockmodel (or part of it) is prespecify before the analysis, and then the analysis is fit to this model. When only a part of analysis is prespecify (like individual cluster(s) or location of the block types), it is called partially confirmatory blockmodeling.: 26–27

This is so-called indirect approach, where the blockmodeling is done on the blockmodel fitting (e.g., a priori hypothesized blockmodel).: 215

Opposite approach to the confirmatory blockmodeling is an inductive exploratory blockmodeling.: 27
Yasmar
Yasmar is a heritage-listed house at 185 Parramatta Road, Haberfield, New South Wales, Australia. It has variously served as a private home, Sunday school, children's court and juvenile remand and detention centre, and is now used by community groups and as a correctional services training facility. It was designed by John Bibb and built from 1856 to 1858. The surrounding site has also been known as Yasmar Hostel, Yasmar Detention Centre, Yasmar Child Welfare Home, Ashfield Remand Home, Yasmar Shelter and the Yasmar Juvenile Justice Centre. The property is owned by Land and Property Management Authority (LPMA) (State Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 18 February 2000.

Haberfield, New South Wales
Haberfield is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 6.5 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Inner West Council.

The suburb sits south of Iron Cove, which is part of Sydney Harbour. It is bounded to the east by the Hawthorne Canal, to the northwest by the Iron Cove Creek canal and to the southwest by Parramatta Road. Its high street is Ramsay Street. The point of land that faces Iron Cove, Dobroyd Point, is a historical locality of Sydney. Haberfield is dubbed "the garden suburb" and retains its well-kept parks, tree-lined streets and fine Federation-era houses with immaculate gardens. The entire suburb is heritage-listed. It predates the creation of garden suburbs in Britain, such as present-day Letchworth and Hampstead. The suburb has also been known for its Italian diaspora.
First Honduran Civil War
The First Honduran Civil War (Spanish: Primera guerra civil hondureña) or the Revolution of 19 (Spanish: Revolución del 19) was an armed conflict that took place in the Republic of Honduras in 1919. This was the first conflict in Honduran soil where the weapons and technological advances of the 20th century were felt.

Rafael López Gutiérrez
General Rafael Salvador López Gutiérrez (11 May 1854 – 10 March 1924) was President of Honduras from 1 February 1920 to 10 March 1924. A former general in the Honduran Army, Gutierrez attempted to extend his term in office past its designated end, and was forced from office. He died in Amapala on 10 March, suffering from diabetes, after a failed attempt to escape to the United States for insulin treatment.
Ophir Chasma
Ophir Chasma /ˈoʊfər ˈkæzmə/ is a canyon in the Coprates quadrangle of Mars at 4° south latitude and 72.5° west longitude.  It is about 317 km long and was named after Ophir, a land mentioned in the Bible. In the Bible it was the land which King Solomon sent an expedition that returned with gold. It is a classical albedo feature name.

Coprates quadrangle
The Coprates quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Coprates quadrangle is also referred to as MC-18 (Mars Chart-18).  The Coprates quadrangle contains parts of many of the old classical regions of Mars: Sinai Planum, Solis Planum, Thaumasia Planum, Lunae Planum, Noachis Terra, and Xanthe Terra.

The name Coprates refers to Coprates Chasma, a central trough of the Valles Marineris, named after the Greek name of the Dez River in Persia.

The Coprates quadrangle goes from 45° to 90° west longitude and 0° to 30° south latitude on Mars.  Coprates quadrangle is famous for depicting the "Grand Canyon of Mars", the Valles Marineris Canyon System.  Signs of water exist in this quadrangle, with ancient river valleys and networks of stream channels showing up as inverted terrain and lakes inside of Valles Marineris.
South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region
The Southwest Ethiopia Region, officially the Southwest Ethiopia Peoples' Regional State (Amharic: የደቡብ ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች ክልል, romanized: Yedebubi Mi‘irabi Ītiyop’iya Hizibochi Kilili) is a regional state in southwestern Ethiopia. It was split off from the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) on 23 November 2021 after a successful referendum.

It consists of the Keffa, Sheka, Bench Sheko, Dawro, West Omo Zones, and Konta Zone. The working language of the region is Amharic.

Regions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a federation subdivided into ethno-linguistically based regional states (Amharic: plural: ክልሎች kililoch; singular: ክልል kilil; Oromo: singular: Naannoo; plural: Naannolee) and chartered cities (Amharic: plural: አስተዳደር አካባቢዎች astedader akababiwoch; singular: አስተዳደር አካባቢ astedader akabibi). This system of administrative regions replaced the provinces of Ethiopia in 1992.

There are twelve regional states and two chartered cities (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa). Being based on ethnicity and language, rather than physical geography or history, the regions vary enormously in area and population; the most notable example is the Harari Region, which has a smaller area and population than either of the chartered cities.
John Haslam (politician)
Sir John Haslam (27 February 1878 – 21 May 1940) was a Conservative Party politician in England.  He was the member of parliament (MP) for Bolton from the 1931 general election until his death in 1940, aged 62.

Bolton (UK Parliament constituency)
Bolton was a borough constituency centred on the town of Bolton in the county of Lancashire. It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons for the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the bloc vote system.

Created by the Reform Act 1832, it was represented by two Members of Parliament. The constituency was abolished in 1950, being split into single-member divisions of Bolton East and Bolton West.
Santa María de Iquique (cantata)
Santa  María de Iquique, cantata popular is a cantata composed in 1969 by the Chilean composer Luis Advis Vitaglich, combining elements of both classical and folkloric/indigenous musical traditions to produce what became known as a popular cantata and one of Quilapayún’s most acclaimed and popular music interpretations. The theme of the cantata is a historical industrial dispute that ended with the massacre of miners in the northern Chilean city of Iquique in 1907. The reading is impeccably executed by the Chilean actor Hector Duvauchelle, who captures the increasingly tense struggle between the miners and their exploiters in the narrative. Instrumental interludes and songs empower the progression of the story leading to a final song which voices the miners demand for an end to exploitation with visions of an egalitarian and free world.

Iquique
Iquique (Spanish pronunciation: [iˈkike]) is a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the Atacama Desert. Its name comes from the Aymara Language: "Iki Iki," meaning "land of dreams." It has a population of 191,468 according to the 2017 census. It is also the main commune of Greater Iquique. The city developed during the heyday of the saltpetre mining in the Atacama Desert in the 19th century. Once a Peruvian city with a large Chilean population, it was conquered by Chile in the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Today it is one of only two free ports of Chile, the other one being Punta Arenas, in the country's far south.
French World Scrabble Championships
The French World Scrabble Championships (French: Championnats du monde de Scrabble francophone) is an annual Scrabble tournament that takes place in a different French-speaking country every year. Created in 1972 by Hippolyte Wouters, it was the first of the three World Scrabble Championships to be created, with the English version being created in 1991 and the Spanish version being created in 1997.

Unlike the English and Spanish versions, the French World Championships are made up of various tournaments, somewhat like the World Series of Poker. The "Main Event" is the Elite tournament which has existed since 1972, and was first won by the tournament's creator Hippolyte Wouters.

Duplicate Scrabble
Duplicate Scrabble is a variant of Scrabble where all the players are faced with the same board and letters at the same time and must play the highest scoring word they can find. Although duplicate is rarely played at competition level in the United States, it is the most popular form of the game in Europe, most notably in France, Romania and the Netherlands, and is also played in Canada. The largest European Scrabble festivals can attract over 2000 people and some individual tournaments can count over 1000 participants per game. Although not popular for competitions in the US, the computer game Scrabble 2005 contains a duplicate version allowing up to 16 players to play on the same board at once. It was also used on the UK TV game show TV Scrabble as one of the rounds.