hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diesel Sweeties
Diesel Sweeties is a webcomic and former newspaper comic strip written by Richard Stevens III (R Stevens). The comic began in 2000, originally hosted at robotstories.com. From January 2007 until August 2008 it was syndicated to over 20 United States newspapers, including major daily newspapers like The Detroit News and Houston Chronicle.

Material from Diesel Sweeties appears in Ted Rall's Attitude 3: The New Subversive Online Cartoonists, along with other webcomics such as Cat and Girl, Dinosaur Comics, Boy on a Stick and Slither, Fetus-X, and The Perry Bible Fellowship.

Stevens is a co-founder of the Dumbrella alliance of webcomic artists. Stephens is one of the few professional webcomic artists, who has since 2002 supported himself through online sales of merchandise related to his comics.

Jeffrey Rowland
Jeffrey J. Rowland (born May 22, 1974) is the author and artist responsible for Wigu and Overcompensating, two  popular webcomics. Originally from Locust Grove, Oklahoma, Rowland now lives in Easthampton, Massachusetts, where he continues to work on the two projects, while running TopatoCo, a company which sells merchandise based on his and other artists' comics.

Jeffrey Rowland's comics are part of the TopatoCo network, along with comics such as Dinosaur Comics and MS Paint Adventures. Rowland can be considered one of the small number of professional webcartoonists, as running Overcompensating and Wigu, in addition to his merchandise company TopatoCo, is his full-time job and source of income.
Men's FIH Hockey World League
The Men's FIH Hockey World League was an international field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation. The league also served as a qualifier for the 2014 and 2018 Men's Hockey World Cups and the 2016 Olympic Games. Three seasons were held in 2012–13, 2014–15 and 2016-17. It was replaced by the new Men's FIH Pro League and Hockey Series in 2018–19.

2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League
The 2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League was the third edition of the men's field hockey national team league series and last season of the World League. The tournament started in April 2016 in Singapore and finished in December 2017 in Bhubaneswar, India.

The Semifinals of this competition also served as a qualifier for the 2018 Men's Hockey World Cup as the 10/11 highest placed teams apart from the host nation and the five continental champions qualified.

Australia won the tournament's Final round for a record second time after defeating Argentina 2–1 in the final match. India won the third place match by defeating Germany 2–1.

From 2019 onwards, the tournament was replaced by Pro League.
Kinder Surprise
Kinder Surprise (Italian: Kinder Sorpresa or Ovetto Kinder), also known as Kinder Egg or Kinder Surprise Egg, is a milk chocolate consisting of a chocolate egg surrounding a yellow plastic capsule with a small toy inside. Manufactured by the Italian company Ferrero since 1974, it was co-created by Michele Ferrero and William Salice, and is one of several candies sold under the Kinder brand.

Kinder Surprise was originally created with children in mind, replicating an Italian Easter family tradition in which adults give children large chocolate eggs with toys inside. However, Kinder Surprise toys have become collectible for adults as well. As of 2016, 30 billion Kinder Surprise eggs have been sold worldwide since its launch in 1974.

Kinder (brand)
Kinder (pronounced [ˈkɪndɐ] ⓘ; German for "children") is an Italian brand of chocolate produced by Italian multinational confectionery company Ferrero. Products under the Kinder brand include several varieties and are sold in over 125 countries worldwide.
Listed buildings in Rockcliffe, Cumbria
Rockcliffe is a civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England.  It contains 16 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Rockcliffe and Harker, and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings include houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, a church with a mediaeval cross in the churchyard, a public house, and a milestone.

Harker, Cumbria
Harker is a settlement in the parish of Rockcliffe, in the Cumberland district, in the county of Cumbria, England.  Harker is located along the A7 road on the Solway Plain.  Harker is situated approximately two miles north of the course of Hadrian's Wall.

From 1862, Harker was served by a railway station, sited on the Waverley route that linked Carlisle and Edinburgh. The station was closed to passengers in 1929. It reopened (unstaffed) in 1936 to serve Carlisle airfield and remained intermittently in use, serving local RAF airfield and Maintenance Unit 14MU operations, as well as the local community, until the closure of the line in 1969.

Harker is also associated with the Surname Harker.
Knot in 3D
Knot in 3D is a ZX Spectrum action game by Malcolm Evans published in 1983 by New Generation Software. It resembles a three-dimensional (i.e. with three degrees of freedom instead of only two) version of the Light cycles game from the film Tron.

New Generation Software
New Generation Software was an early British video games developer producing games for the Sinclair ZX81 and ZX Spectrum computers. It was conceived in the spring of 1982 shortly after the lead developer, Malcolm Evans created 3D Monster Maze (initially released by J. K. Greye Software, and later republished by New Generation Software)—one of the first 3D games for a home computer.
Jimmy Bruen
James Francis O’Grady Bruen (8 May 1920 – 3 May 1972) was an Irish amateur golfer. He won the 1946 Amateur Championship and was in the British Walker Cup team in 1938, 1949 and 1951. He is regarded as one of Ireland's leading amateur golfers.

1938 Walker Cup
The 1938 Walker Cup, the 10th Walker Cup Match, was played on 3 and 4 June 1938, on the Old Course at St Andrews, Scotland. Great Britain and Ireland won by 7 matches to 4 with one match halved. It was their first victory in the Walker Cup.

Great Britain & Ireland took a one-point lead after the first day foursomes. On the second day they won 5 of the 8 singles matches. They took a winning 6–4 lead when Alex Kyle beat Fred Haas, later increased to 7–4 when Cecil Ewing beat Ray Billows on the final green.
EAR 56 class
The EAR 56 class was a class of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge 4-8-2+2-8-4 Garratt-type articulated steam locomotives built by Beyer, Peacock & Co. in Gorton, Manchester, England, in 1949.  The six members of the class were ordered by the Kenya-Uganda Railway (KUR) immediately after World War II, and were a slightly modified version of the KUR's existing EC5 class.

By the time the new locomotives were built and entered service, the KUR had been succeeded by the East African Railways (EAR), which designated them for a very short time as its EC6 class, but then, as part of a comprehensive reclassification of all of its locomotives, redesignated them as its 56 class.

Beyer, Peacock and Company
Beyer, Peacock and Company was an English general engineering company and railway locomotive manufacturer with a factory in Openshaw, Manchester. Charles Beyer, Richard Peacock and Henry Robertson founded the company in 1854. The company closed its railway operations in the early 1960s. It retained its stock market listing until 1976, when it was bought and absorbed by National Chemical Industries of Saudi Arabia.
Hilversum
Hilversum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɪlvərsʏm] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is the largest urban centre in that area. It is surrounded by heathland, woods, meadows, lakes and smaller towns. Hilversum is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe, and the Amsterdam metropolitan area; it is about 22 km southeast of Amsterdam's city centre and about 15 km north of Utrecht.

The city is home to several major radio, television, and newspaper companies such as NOS. Hilversum is thus known for being the mediastad (media city) of the Netherlands.

Radio Netherlands Worldwide
Radio Netherlands (RNW; Dutch: Radio Nederland Wereldomroep) was a public radio and television network based in Hilversum, producing and transmitting programmes for international audiences outside the Netherlands from 1947 to 2012.

Its services in Dutch ended on 11 May 2012. English and Indonesian language services ceased on 29 June 2012 due to steep budget cuts imposed by the Dutch government and a concomitant change in focus. The last programme broadcast on shortwave was a daily half-hour show in Spanish for Cuba named El Toque (The Touch) on 1 August 2014.

Radio Netherlands Worldwide was replaced by RNW Media, a Dutch non-profit promoting free speech and social change internationally.
Bermuda Base Command
The Bermuda Base Command was a command of the United States Army, established to defend the British Colony of Bermuda, located 640 miles off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. It was created in April 1941 when United States Army troops were sent to the island.

Northeast Air Command
Northeast Air Command (NEAC) was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, responsible for the operation and defense of air bases in Greenland, Labrador, and Newfoundland. It was formed in 1950 from the facilities of the United States established during World War II in eastern Canada, Newfoundland and Greenland. It was discontinued in 1957.
1925 Florida Gators football team
The 1925 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1925 Southern Conference football season. This was law student Harold Sebring's first of three seasons as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team.  Sebring's 1925 Florida Gators finished 8–2 overall, and 3–2 in the Southern Conference, placing eighth of twenty-two teams in the conference standings.

The Gators compiled their best win–loss record to date, losing only to the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 7–23 in Atlanta, Georgia and coach Wallace Wade's undefeated Alabama Crimson Tide 0–34 in Montgomery, Alabama.  The highlights of the season included conference victories over the Wake Forest Demon Deacons, Clemson Tigers, Mississippi A&M Aggies and Washington & Lee Generals.

Captain and halfback Edgar C. Jones set a Florida single-season scoring record (108 points) that lasted until 1969.

Edgar C. Jones
Edgar Charles Jones (December 29, 1903 – October 27, 1980) was an American football and basketball player, college athletic director and banker.  He played both sports at the University of Florida in the 1920s and set a Florida Gators football single-season scoring record (108 points) that stood for 44 years.  He was the university's athletic director from 1930 to 1936.  He later served as executive vice president of Miami Federal Savings and Loan.
Caulimovirus
Caulimovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. They are para-retroviruses with dsDNA and plants as their host. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: vein-clearing or banding mosaic.

Caulimoviridae
Caulimoviridae is a family of viruses infecting plants. The family contains 11 genera. Viruses belonging to the family Caulimoviridae are termed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse-transcribing viruses (or pararetroviruses) i.e. viruses that contain a reverse transcription stage in their replication cycle. This family contains all plant viruses with a dsDNA genome that have a reverse transcribing phase in their lifecycle.
Broadcast television systems
Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.

Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, with each system designated by a letter (A-N) in combination with the color standard used (NTSC, PAL or SECAM) - for example PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.). These analog systems for TV broadcasting dominated until the 2000s.

With the introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT), they were replaced by four main systems in use around the world: ATSC, DVB, ISDB and DTMB.

CCIR System F
CCIR System F was an adaptation of System E used in Belgium (1953, RTB) and Luxembourg (1955, Télé Luxembourg). With only half the vision bandwidth and approximately half the sound carrier offset, it allowed French 819-line programming to squeeze into the 7 MHz VHF broadcast channels used in those neighboring countries, albeit with a substantial loss of horizontal resolution. Use of System F was discontinued in Belgium in February 1968, and in Luxembourg in September 1971.

Between 1976 and 1981 when French channel TF1 was switching area by area to the new analog 625-lines UHF network with SECAM colour, some transmitters and gapfillers broadcast the 819-line signal in UHF. When switching to 625-lines, most gapfillers did not change UHF channel (e.g. many gapfillers using this transmission located in French Alps near Grenoble, Mont Salève, and Geneva began broadcasting on UHF channel 42, and continue to use this frequency to this day). They were switched to 625-lines in June 1981.
Railway track
Railway track (CwthE and UIC terminology) or railroad track (NAmE), also known as permanent way (per way) (CwthE) or "P way" (BrE and Indian English), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to move by providing a dependable, low-friction surface on which steel wheels can roll. Early tracks were constructed with wooden or cast-iron rails, and wooden or stone sleepers. Since the 1870s, rails have almost universally been made from steel.

Exothermic welding
Exothermic welding, also known as exothermic bonding, thermite welding (TW), and thermit welding, is a welding process that employs molten metal to permanently join the conductors.  The process employs an exothermic reaction of a thermite composition to heat the metal, and requires no external source of heat or current.  The chemical reaction that produces the heat is an aluminothermic reaction between aluminium powder and a metal oxide.
Ramsgate
Ramsgate is a seaside port town and civil parish in the district of Thanet in eastern Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century. In 2021 it had a population of 42,027. Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline, and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast, and the Port of Ramsgate  provided cross-channel ferries for many years.

Ostend
Ostend (/ɒstˈɛnd/ ost-END; Dutch: Oostende [oːstˈɛndə] ⓘ West Flemish: Ostende; French: Ostende [ɔstɑ̃d] ⓘ; lit. 'East End') is a coastal city and municipality in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke, Raversijde, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast.
Nottingham Street
Nottingham Street is a street in the City of Westminster, London, that runs from Marylebone High Street in the east to Luxborough Street in the west. It is crossed by Nottingham Place. Bingham Place and Oldbury Place join it on the north side.

Luxborough Street
Luxborough Street, formerly Northumberland Street, is a street in the City of Westminster, London, that runs from Marylebone Road in the north to Paddington Street in the south. Nottingham Street joins Luxborough Street on its eastern side.
Lance Clemons
Lance Levis Clemons (July 6, 1947 – January 22, 2008) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Kansas City Royals (1971), St. Louis Cardinals (1972) and Boston Red Sox (1974).

Clemons was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was traded with Jim York from the Royals to the Houston Astros for John Mayberry and minor league infielder Dave Grangaard at the Winter Meetings on December 2, 1971. He never appeared in a regular season game with the Astros who dealt him along with Scipio Spinks to the Cardinals for Jerry Reuss four months later on April 15, 1972. In a three-season career, he posted a 2–1 record with 23 strikeouts and a 6.06 earned run average in 19 games pitched. He died of cancer at age 60.

John Mayberry
John Claiborn Mayberry Sr. (born February 18, 1949) is an American former Major League Baseball player who was active from 1968 to 1982 for the Houston Astros, Kansas City Royals, Toronto Blue Jays and New York Yankees. He was a two-time All Star.
Israeli Sign Language
Israeli Sign Language (Hebrew: שפת הסימנים הישראלית), also known as Shassi or ISL, is the most commonly used sign language by the Deaf community of Israel. Some other sign languages are also used in Israel, among them Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language.

Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language
Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) (Arabic: لغة الإشارة لعشيرة السيد) is a village sign language used by about 150 deaf and many hearing members of the al-Sayyid Bedouin tribe in the Naqab desert in southern Israel.

As deafness is so frequent (4% of the village's population is deaf, compared to 0.1% in the United States) and deaf and hearing people share a language, deaf people are not stigmatised in this community and marriage between deaf and hearing people is common.

ABSL grammar developed quickly, with the signing of each generation becoming more complex than the last. Even though no evidence of phonological structure was found throughout the community, it seems to be emerging within individual families.
Dakota Territorial Supreme Court
The Dakota Territorial Supreme Court was the highest court of the Dakota Territory, then an organized incorporated territory of the United States. It was the first Territorial Supreme Court in American history, and was established under Article One of the United States Constitution, with justices were appointed directly by the President of the United States. The court sat in Yankton, South Dakota, and existed from March 2, 1861, to November 2, 1889. The first court consisted of three justices: Philemon Bliss, Lorenzo P. Williston, and Joseph Lanier Williams, appointed by President Abraham Lincoln. The court heard no cases until December 3, 1867. In 1879 the court enlarged to four justices, then six in 1884, and eight in 1888.

Lorenzo P. Williston
Lorenzo Parsons Williston (in some sources, George P. Williston; 1815–1887) was an American attorney, judge, and politician.  He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and a founding judge on the territorial supreme courts for both Dakota Territory and Montana Territory.
National Aerospace Laboratories
The National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) is an aerospace research institution in India, established by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in Delhi in 1959. NAL collaborates with organizations such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Its research focuses on civilian aircraft development and advanced topics in aerospace and related fields.

Based in Bengaluru, the NAL employs a staff of about 2500 people.

NAL is equipped with the Nilakantan Wind tunnel Centre and a computerized fatigue test facility company. NAL also has facilities for investigating failures and accidents in the aerospace engineering domain.

Mahindra Aerospace
Mahindra Aerospace is an Indian aerospace company and a part of the Mahindra Group. It is the first Indian private firm to make smaller civil aircraft for the Indian general aviation market. It is an AS9100 Rev.D certified design organization.
Gorodnyansky Uyezd
Gorodnyansky Uyezd (Russian: Городнянский уезд; Ukrainian: Городнянський повіт, romanized: Horodnianskyi povit) was one of the subdivisions of the Chernigov Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Gorodnya (Horodnia).

Chernigov Governorate
Chernigov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire. It was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Little Russia Governorate and had its capital in Chernigov.

Its borders encompassed the modern Chernihiv Oblast, but also included a large section of Sumy Oblast and smaller sections of the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine, in addition to a large part of Bryansk Oblast of Russia.

From 1918 to 1925, it was referred to as Chernihiv Governorate as part of Ukrainian successor states of the Russian Empire during and after the civil war, namely of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian SSR.
Local area network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate the distribution of data and sharing network devices, such as printers.

The LAN contrasts the wide area network (WAN), which not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits or Internet links. An even greater contrast is the Internet, which is a system of globally connected business and personal computers.

Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies used for local area networks; historical network technologies include ARCNET, Token Ring, and LocalTalk.

Cable modem
A cable modem is a type of network bridge or gateway that provides bi-directional data communication via radio frequency channels on a hybrid fiber-coaxial, radio frequency over glass and coaxial cable infrastructure. Cable modems are primarily used to deliver broadband Internet access in the form of cable Internet. They are commonly deployed in the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Europe.
Sonning Regatta
Sonning Regatta is the regatta of the village of Sonning in Berkshire and the hamlet of Sonning Eye in Oxfordshire, England, on the north and south banks of the River Thames. It is a part of the Sonning Festival.

Sonning Eye
Sonning Eye is a hamlet on the River Thames in the Sonning Common ward of South Oxfordshire, England, in the civil parish of Eye & Dunsden (one of its four small settlements), at what is, since 1974, the southernmost tip of Oxfordshire.
Korabl-Sputnik 5
Korabl-Sputnik 5 (Russian: Корабль-Спутник 5 meaning Ship-Satellite 5) or Vostok-3KA No.2, also known as Sputnik 10 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft which was launched in 1961, as part of the Vostok programme. It was the last test flight of the Vostok spacecraft design prior the first crewed flight, Vostok 1. It carried the mannequin Ivan Ivanovich, a dog named Zvezdochka ("Starlet", or "Little star"), frogs, monkeys, mice, rats, plants, television cameras and scientific apparatus.

Ivan Ivanovich (Vostok programme)
Ivan Ivanovich (Иван Иванович, the Russian equivalent of "John Doe") was the name given to a mannequin used in testing the Soviet Vostok spacecraft in preparation for its crewed missions.

Ivan Ivanovich was made to look as lifelike as possible, with eyes, eyebrows, eyelashes, and a mouth. He was dressed in a cosmonaut suit and strongly resembled a dead person; for this reason, a sign reading "МАКЕТ" (Russian for "dummy") was placed under his visor so that anyone who found him after his missions would not think he was a corpse or an alien.