hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xixia, Yinchuan
Xixia District (simplified Chinese: 西夏区; traditional Chinese: 西夏區; pinyin: Xīxià Qū; Wade–Giles: Hsi-hsia Ch’ü; lit. 'West(ern) Xia district', Xiao'erjing: ثِ‌ثِيَا ٿِيُوِ) is one of three urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Yinchuan, the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Northwest China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the west. It has a total area of 987 km2 (381 sq mi), and a population of 200,000 people.

Yinchuan
Yinchuan (Chinese: 银川; pinyin: Yínchuān; lit. "Silver River") is a prefecture‑level city and the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwest China. It served as the imperial capital of the Tangut‑led Western Xia (1038–1227).

Yinchuan hosts the biennial China–Arab States Expo. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Yinchuan’s administrative area had 2,859,074 inhabitants; the built‑up area had 2,564,918 residents, comprising the three urban districts and the urbanized parts of Helan and Yongning counties. At the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 2,914,700, an increase of 66,600 over the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 2,429,400.
John Griffith (of Plas Mawr)
John Griffith (died 1609) was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1571 to 1609.

Griffith was the son of William Griffith (died 1587) of Plas Mawr, Caernarfon.

He became a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford in 1548 and was awarded B.C.L. in 1551 and his doctorate in 1563. In 1559 he took over the office of Regius professor of civil law at Oxford, which he held till 1566. He was also Principal of New Inn Hall from 1561 to 1564 after which he was admitted to Doctors' Commons.

He first entered Parliament in 1571 as the member for Caernarfon, and was re-elected in 1572. He was appointed Sheriff of Caernarvonshire for 1582 and Sheriff of Anglesey for 1587 and 1593. In 1604, he was again elected Member of Parliament for Caernarfon and sat until his death in 1609.

He married Margaret, the daughter of Rhys Thomas of Aber and widow of Edward Griffith of Penrhyn. They had four sons, including Nicholas and William Griffith, and 3 daughters.

Sheriff of Caernarvonshire
This is a list of Sheriffs of Caernarvonshire (or Carnarvonshire).

The Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in a county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. The Sheriff changes every March.

On 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, the counties of  Caernarvonshire, Wales, together with that of Anglesey and Merionethshire were abolished along with their shrievalties, and were replaced by the new county of Gwynedd and the new office of High Sheriff of Gwynedd.
Yambacoona, Tasmania
Yambacoona is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of King Island in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of the town of Currie.

King Island Council
King Island Council is a local government body in Tasmania, encompassing King Island and the adjacent minor islands within Bass Strait, in the north-west of the state. The King Island local government area is classified as rural and has a population of 1,601, with Currie as the main town and administrative centre.
The Leasowes
The Leasowes /ˈlɛzəz/ is a 57-hectare (around 141 acre) estate in Halesowen, historically in the county of Shropshire, later (from 1844) Worcestershire, England, comprising house and gardens. The parkland is now listed Grade I on English Heritage's Register of Parks and Gardens and the home of the Halesowen Golf Club. The name means "rough pasture land".

Halesowen
Halesowen (/heɪlzˈoʊ.ɪn/ haylz-OH-in) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the county of the West Midlands, England.

Historically an exclave of Shropshire and, from 1844, in Worcestershire, the town is around 7 miles (11 km) from Birmingham city centre, and 6 miles (10 km) from Dudley town centre. The population at the 2011 Census, was 58,135. Halesowen is in the Halesowen parliamentary constituency.
KSR Bengaluru–Hazur Sahib Nanded Express
The 16593 / 16594 Hazur Sahib Nanded-KSR Bengaluru City Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways-South Western Railway zone that runs between Hazur Sahib Nanded and Bangalore City in India.

Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station
Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station (station code: NED) is a second grade non-suburban (NSG–2) category Indian railway station in Nanded railway division of South Central Railway zone. It serves the city of Nanded, located in Maharashtra. As of December 2023, the station recorded an originating passenger count of 8,190,489.

It is located on the Secunderabad–Manmad line of Indian Railways. The station is located at 36 m above sea level and has four platforms. As of 2018, 89 passenger trains halt each day at this station. In 2008, the station was named after Hazur Sahib, a takht of Sikhism which is situated here.
Mullard–Philips tube designation
In Europe, the principal method of numbering vacuum tubes ("thermionic valves") was the nomenclature used by the Philips company and its subsidiaries Mullard in the UK, Valvo(de, it) in Germany, Radiotechnique (Miniwatt-Dario brand) in France, and Amperex in the United States, from 1934 on. Adhering manufacturers include AEG (de), CdL (1921, French Mazda brand), CIFTE (fr, Mazda-Belvu brand), EdiSwan (British Mazda brand), Lorenz (de), MBLE(fr, nl) (be, Adzam brand), RCA (us), RFT(de, sv) (de), Siemens (de), Telefunken (de), Tesla (cz), Toshiba (ja),  Tungsram (hu), and Unitra (pl; Dolam, Polam, Telam brands). This system allocated meaningful codes to tubes based on their function and became the starting point for the Pro Electron naming scheme for active devices (including tubes and transistors).

Mullard
Mullard Limited was a British manufacturer of electronic components. The Mullard Radio Valve Co. Ltd. of Southfields, London, was founded in 1920 by Captain Stanley R. Mullard, who had previously designed thermionic valves for the Admiralty before becoming managing director of the Z Electric Lamp Co. The company soon moved to Hammersmith, London and then in 1923 to Balham, London. The head office in later years was Mullard House at 1–19 Torrington Place, Bloomsbury, now part of University College London.
Pinkwashing (LGBTQ)
Pinkwashing, also known as rainbow-washing, is the strategy of deploying messages that are superficially sympathetic towards the LGBTQ community for ends having little or nothing to do with LGBTQ equality or inclusion, including LGBTQ marketing.

LGBTQ marketing
LGBTQ marketing is the act of marketing to LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) customers, either with dedicated ads or general ads, or through sponsorships of LGBTQ organizations and events, or the targeted use of any other element of the marketing mix.

The LGBTQ market comprises a group of customers who buy goods and services from a broad range of companies across industry segments and in many countries.
HAOK Mladost
Hrvatski akademski odbojkaški klub Mladost or simply HAOK Mladost is a Croatian professional volleyball team based in Zagreb which is part of the HAŠK Mladost sports society. It was established in 1945. HAOK is the most successful Croatian volleyball team in both the men's and women's selections, as the teams have won over 50 national championships in Yugoslavia and Croatia.

Mladost (sports society)
HAŠK Mladost (Mladost, lit. "Youth") is an academic sports society from Zagreb, Croatia, sponsored by the University of Zagreb.
Clubs named Mladost exist in athletics, cricket, field hockey, judo, basketball, bowling on ice and asphalt, fencing, volleyball, swimming, rugby, synchronised swimming, skiing, ice-hockey, ice skating, table tennis, archery, chess, tennis, water polo and rowing.
Romeyleh-ye Olya
Romeyleh-ye Olya (Persian: رميله عليا) is a village in, and the capital of, Azadeh Rural District of Moshrageh District, Ramshir County, Khuzestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Moshrageh, now a city.

Moshrageh, Ramshir
Moshrageh (Persian: مشراگه) is a city in, and the capital of, Moshrageh District of Ramshir County, Khuzestan province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Moshrageh Rural District. As a village, it was the capital of Azadeh Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Romeyleh-ye Olya.
Soleirolia
Soleirolia soleirolii (/soʊˌliːəˈroʊliə soʊˌliːəˈroʊliˌaɪ, ˌsoʊlɪˈroʊ-/, syn. Helxine soleirolii) is a flowering plant in the nettle family.  It has a number of common names, including baby's tears, angel's tears, peace in the home, bits and pieces, bread and cheese, Corsican creeper, Corsican curse, friendship plant, mind-your-own-business, pollyanna vine, Paddy's wig, and mother of thousands. It should not be confused with Kalanchoe daigremontiana, another plant known as mother of thousands.

Urticaceae
The Urticaceae /ɜːrtɪˈkeɪsiː/ are a family, the nettle family,  of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus Urtica. The Urticaceae family includes a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus Urtica, Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), māmaki (Pipturus albidus), and ajlai (Debregeasia saeneb).

The family includes about 2,625 species, grouped into 53 genera. The largest genera are Pilea (500 to 715 species), Elatostema (300 species), Urtica (80 species), and Cecropia (75 species). Cecropia contains many myrmecophytes.

Urticaceae species can be found worldwide, but most species are found in tropical ecosystems, especially tropical Asia.
Ton'a
Ton'a (頓阿; 1289–1372), also read as Tonna; lay name – Nikaidō Sadamune (二階堂貞宗), was a Japanese Buddhist poet who was a student of Nijō Tameyo. Ton'a took a tonsure at Enryaku-ji Temple, but was later associated with the Ji sect (founded by Ippen). He looked up to Saigyō's poetic genius.

Nijō Tameyo
Nijō Tameyo (二条為世, 1250–1338), also known as Fujiwara no Tameyo (藤原為世), was a Japanese courtier and waka poet of the late Kamakura period and the early Nanboku-chō period. His Dharma name was Myōshaku (明釈).
K. Muraleedharan
Kannoth Muraleedharan (born 14 May 1957) is an Indian National Congress politician and lawyer. He is the son of veteran Congress leader and former Chief Minister of Kerala and former Union Minister of Industry K. Karunakaran. He was elected as an MP from Kozhikode constituency (1989, 1991, 1999) and from Vatakara constituency (2019). He was elected as an MLA (2011, 2016) from Vattiyoorkkavu constituency. He lost the 2024 Lok Sabha election from Thrissur constituency.

P. Jayarajan
P. Jayarajan (born 27 November 1952) is a member of the CPI(M) Kerala state committee and former member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly who represented Koothuparamba constituency from 2001 to 2011. He served as the secretary of CPI(M) Kannur District Committee from 2010 until he was replaced by M.V. Jayarajan in March 2019. In March 2019 he was named the LDF candidate from Vatakara for the 2019 Indian General Elections.
Fretwell Park
Fretwell Park is a cricket ground in Cairns, Queensland, Australia.  The ground held a first-class match in 2006 when New Zealand Whites played Pakistan A as part of the 2006 Top End series.  The match was abandoned due to rain, as a result it was decided to replace the match with two List A games between the sides. AFL is also played on this ground by the South Cairns Cutters.

South Cairns Cutters
The South Cairns Cutters Australian Football Club is an Australian rules football and netball club located at Fretwell Park in the southern suburbs of Cairns. The football squad currently plays in the semi-professional AFL Cairns League.
Woodlawn Memorial Park (Compton, California)
Woodlawn Memorial Park, is a historic cemetery in Compton, California, United States. It is one of the oldest cemeteries in Los Angeles County. The cemetery has had a history of care issues in the last 20 years, and since 2020 Woodlawn Memorial Park is only open for visitation. It has also been known as Compton Rural Cemetery, and Woodlawn Celestial Gardens.

Compton, California
Compton is a city located in the Gateway Cities region of southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated south of downtown Los Angeles. Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county, and on May 11, 1888, was the eighth city in Los Angeles County to incorporate. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 95,740. It is known as the "Hub City" due to its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County, though it is actually near the southern end of the county. Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove, Leland, downtown Compton, and Richland Farms.
Quebec Route 221
Route 221 is a north–south highway in Quebec on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, linking the US border south of Lacolle to Saint-Isidore.

The highway begins at the US border at the Overton Corners–Lacolle 221 Border Crossing, where it connects to New York State Route 276 (NY 276), and goes north, briefly running concurrently with Route 202 before reaching the urban area of Lacolle. It then continues north until Napierville where it goes west concurrently with Route 219 until they separate at Saint-Patrice-de-Sherrington, where Route 221 goes north toward Saint-Édouard. There it briefly goes roughly west via Saint-Michel and Saint-Rémi before turning northeast toward its terminus at Route 207 in the northern part of Saint-Isidore, just south of Autoroute 30.

Route 221 north begins past Overton Corners border station at US border

Route 221 runs through historic Odelltown locality.

Quebec Route 219
Route 219 is a provincial highway located in the Montérégie region of Quebec south of Montreal. It starts at the Mooers-Hemmingford Border Crossing south of Hemmingford and ends in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu.

The highway starts at the border continuing from the former north terminus of NY 22 south of Hemmingford and north of Mooers, New York, from there it goes North through the Village and Township of Hemmingford toward Saint-Patrice-de-Sherrington. There it turns east for a 9 km concurrency with Route 221 until Napierville, where again it goes north alongside the L'Acadie River until reaching the former municipality of L'Acadie, where it turns eastward toward its terminus at a junction with Autoroute 35 in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu.
Schur test
In mathematical analysis, the Schur test, named after German mathematician Issai Schur, is a bound on the  operator norm of an integral operator in terms of its Schwartz kernel (see Schwartz kernel theorem).

Here is one version.  Let  be two measurable spaces  (such as ). Let  be an integral operator with the non-negative Schwartz kernel , , :

If there exist real functions  and  and numbers  such that

for almost all  and

for almost all , then  extends to a continuous operator  with the operator norm

Such functions ,  are called the Schur test functions.

In the original version,  is a matrix and .

Issai Schur
Issai Schur (10 January 1875 – 10 January 1941) was a Russian mathematician who worked in Germany for most of his life. He studied at the University of Berlin. He obtained his doctorate in 1901, became lecturer in 1903 and, after a stay at the University of Bonn, professor in 1919.

As a student of Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, he worked on group representations (the subject with which he is most closely associated), but also in combinatorics and number theory and even theoretical physics. He is perhaps best known today for his result on the existence of the Schur decomposition and for his work on group representations (Schur's lemma).

Schur published under the name of both I. Schur, and J. Schur, the latter especially in Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. This has led to some confusion.
Ferenc Kazinczy
Ferenc Kazinczy (Hungarian: [ˈkɒzintsi ˈfɛrɛnt͡s]), (in older English: Francis Kazinczy, October 27, 1759 – August 23, 1831) was a Hungarian author, poet, translator, neologist, an agent in the regeneration of the Hungarian language and literature at the turn of the 19th century. Today his name is connected with the extensive Language Reform of the 19th century, when thousands of words were coined or revived, enabling the Hungarian language to keep up with scientific progress and become an official language of the nation in 1844. For his linguistic and literary works he is regarded as one of the cultural founders of the Hungarian Reform Era along with Dávid Baróti Szabó, Ferenc Verseghy, György Bessenyei, Mátyás Rát and János Kis.

Ignác Martinovics
Ignác Martinovics (Serbo-Croatian: Ignjat Martinović, Игњат Мартиновић; 20 July 1755 – 20 May 1795) was a Hungarian scholar, chemist, philosopher, writer, secret agent, Freemason and a leader of the Hungarian Jacobin movement. He was condemned to death for high treason and beheaded on 20 May 1795, along with count Jakab Sigray, Ferenc Szentmarjay, József Hajnóczy and others.  As the founder of the Hungarian Jacobin Clubs, he was considered an idealistic forerunner of great thought by some, and an unscrupulous adventurer by others.
Ventarron
Ventarrón is the site of a 4,500-year-old temple with painted murals, which was excavated in Peru in 2007 near Chiclayo, in the Lambayeque region on the northern coast. The site was inhabited by the Early Cupisnique, Cupisnique, Chavin and Moche cultures.

On 12 November 2017, a fire, reportedly caused by farmers burning nearby sugar cane fields, damaged much of the site.

Cupisnique
The Cupisnique culture was a pre-Columbian indigenous culture that flourished from c. 1500 to 500 BC along what now is Peru's northern Pacific coast. The culture had a distinctive style of adobe clay architecture. Artifacts of the culture share artistic styles and religious symbols with the Chavin culture that arose in the same area at a later date.
Letter to Women
Letter to Women is a pastoral letter written by Pope John Paul II to all women, and deals with the rights and dignity of women, the many challenges that women in the modern era have had to face, and ways in which the cause of woman could be forwarded in the world. Written June 29, 1995, the letter drafted in anticipation of the Fourth World Conference on Women in September 1995, hosted by the United Nations in Beijing. This letter was an affirmation to the continuing thought of Pope John Paul II on the importance of women in the Church, and the special roles in which only they can contribute in the realms of the family, the Church, and the world. In his pontificate which lasted longer than 26 years, he continuously upheld the dignity and honor of women, and this letter was a significant contribution to his corpus of works on the importance of women within the Church.

New feminism
New feminism is a form of feminism that emphasizes the integral complementarity of women and men, rather than the superiority of men over women or women over men; further, it advocates for respecting persons from conception to natural death.

New feminism, as a form of difference feminism, supports the idea that men and women have different strengths, perspectives, and roles, while advocating for the equal worth and dignity of both sexes. Among its basic concepts are that biological differences are significant and do not compromise sexual equality. New feminism holds that women should be valued in their role as child bearers, that women and men are individuals equal in worth, and that in social, economic, and legal senses they should be equal, while accepting the differences between the sexes.
Radical behaviorism
Radical behaviorism is a "philosophy of the science of behavior" developed by B. F. Skinner. It refers to the philosophy behind behavior analysis, and is to be distinguished from methodological behaviorism—which has an intense emphasis on observable behaviors—by its inclusion of thinking, feeling, and other private events in the analysis of human and animal psychology. The research in behavior analysis is called the experimental analysis of behavior and the application of the field is called applied behavior analysis (ABA), which was originally termed "behavior modification."

Experimental analysis of behavior
The experimental analysis of behavior is a science that studies the behavior of individuals across a variety of species. A key early scientist was B. F. Skinner who discovered operant behavior, reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, contingencies of reinforcement, stimulus control, shaping, intermittent schedules, discrimination, and generalization. A central method was the  examination of functional relations between environment and behavior, as opposed to hypothetico-deductive learning theory that had grown up in the comparative psychology of the 1920–1950 period. Skinner's approach was characterized by observation of measurable behavior which could be predicted and controlled. It owed its early success to the effectiveness of Skinner's procedures of operant conditioning, both in the laboratory and in behavior therapy.
Sandomierz Basin
Sandomierz Basin (Polish: Kotlina Sandomierska) is a lowland, located in southeastern Poland, between the Lesser Poland Upland, Lublin Upland and the Western Carpathians. Its name comes from the historical city of Sandomierz, and the basin has a triangular shape with the size of around 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi). It is drained by the Vistula River, as well as its eastern tributary, the San (both rivers make its northern border). Among major cities located in the Sandomierz Basin are Dębica, Jarosław, Mielec, Przemyśl, Przeworsk, Rzeszów, Stalowa Wola, Sandomierz, Tarnobrzeg, and Tarnów.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Hesperia Airport
Hesperia Airport,(FAA LID: L26) is a public-use and privately owned airport located three nm south of the central business district of Hesperia, California, United States. Silverwood Aviation INC is the owner of the airport. The national plan of integrated airport system classified it as a general aviation, basic utility airport.

The nearest flight service station (FSS) is located at Riverside. As an FSS, the airport provides information and services to aircraft pilots before, during and after flights and provides assistance during emergencies.

The airport also has a 16-unit motel with swimming pool, restaurant, bar and additional land for extensions.

Mercy Air, a well known med-evac company, has a fixed base at the airport, including permanent medical and flight crews and their maintenance; they have serviced critical care transportation throughout California and Nevada for over 25 years.

Hesperia, California
Hesperia (/hɛˈspɪəriə/) is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is located 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Bernardino in Victor Valley and surrounded by the Mojave Desert. Because of its relatively high elevation and the unique and moderate weather patterns of the region, Hesperia is part of what is locally called the High Desert. The name "Hesperia" means "western land". At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 99,818.