hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wukchumni dialect
Wukchumni or Wikchamni is a dialect of Tule-Kaweah Yokuts that was historically spoken by the Wukchumni people of the east fork of the Kaweah River of California.

As of 2014, Marie Wilcox (1933–2021) was the last remaining native speaker of the language. There are efforts at revitalization, and Wilcox completed a comprehensive Wukchumni dictionary; at her death there were at least three fluent speakers.

Tule–Kaweah Yokuts
Tule–Kaweah was a major dialect of the Yokuts language of California, or possibly a distinct but closely related language.

Wukchumni, the last surviving dialect, had only one native or fluent speaker, Marie Wilcox (both native and fluent), who compiled a dictionary of the language.  "Marie's dictionary", a short documentary by Emmanuel Vaughan-Lee, is about her dictionary. She also recorded an oral version of the dictionary. Together with her daughter Jennifer, Marie Wilcox taught weekly classes to interested members of their tribe. Marie Wilcox died on September 25, 2021, rendering Tule–Kaweah extinct.
Handle decomposition
In mathematics, a handle decomposition of an m-manifold M is a union

where each  is obtained from  by the attaching of -handles.   A handle decomposition is to a manifold what a CW-decomposition is to a topological space—in many regards the purpose of a handle decomposition is to have a language analogous to CW-complexes, but adapted to the world of smooth manifolds.  Thus an i-handle is the smooth analogue of an i-cell.  Handle decompositions of manifolds arise naturally via Morse theory. The modification of handle structures is closely linked to Cerf theory.

Handlebody
In the mathematical field of geometric topology, a handlebody is a decomposition of a manifold into standard pieces. Handlebodies play an important role in Morse theory, cobordism theory and the surgery theory of high-dimensional manifolds. Handles are used to particularly study 3-manifolds.

Handlebodies play a similar role in the study of manifolds as simplicial complexes and CW complexes play in homotopy theory, allowing one to analyze a space in terms of individual pieces and their interactions.
Brand (Aachen)
Brand is a borough of Aachen, Germany, with about 18,000 residents. The borough lies in the south-east part of Aachen and borders Kornelimünster/Walheim, Forst, Oberforstbach und Eilendorf, as well as the town of Stolberg.

Brand was a self-administered community in the district of Aachen until 1972, when administrative reforms of the communities in the area caused Brand to be absorbed into Aachen. The current borough of Brand is made up of the towns Brand, Freund, Krauthausen, Niederforstbach, Brander Feld and Rollef.

At 270.9 meters, the highest point of the borough is a noise barrier along the Bundesautobahn 44. To the east Brand Forest can be found, which includes the Brand Forest Military Training Area.

Eilendorf (Aachen)
Eilendorf is a borough of Aachen, Germany, that has around 15000 inhabitants. The communities of Eilendorf and Nirm (both contained within the district of Eilendorf) share a border with the other Aachen boroughs of Brand, Aachen-Mitte (Rothe Erde), and Haaren (with the town of Verlautenheide), as well as Atsch in Stolberg.
John Wickliffe (ship)
The John Wickliffe was the first ship to arrive carrying Scottish settlers, including Otago settlement founder Captain William Cargill, in the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. The ship was named after the religious reformer, John Wycliffe.

Departing with 97 passengers from Gravesend, near London, on 22 November 1847, and from Portsmouth on 14 December 1847, she arrived at Port Chalmers on 23 March 1848. Her sister ship, the Philip Laing, arrived three weeks later on 15 April.

23 March is now observed as Otago Anniversary Day, although the anniversary actually celebrates the establishment of the Otago provincial government on the same day in 1852, and the day of the observance varies from year to year: it is usually observed on the Monday closest to 23 March.

William Cargill (New Zealand politician)
William Walter Cargill (27 August 1784 – 6 August 1860) was the founder of the Otago settlement in New Zealand, after serving as an officer in the British Army. He was a member of parliament and Otago's first Superintendent.
Amani Nature Reserve
The Amani Forest Reserve, officially listed as Amani Nature Forest Reserve (Msitu wa Akiba wa Amani, In Swahili) is a forest reserve of Tanzania located the Muheza and Korogwe Districts in the Tanga Region of Tanzania. The nature reserve was established in 1997 in order to preserve the unique flora and fauna of the East Usambara Mountains. The East and West Usambara Mountains are a biodiversity hotspot. The Amani Nature Reserve includes tropical cloud forest habitats.

Amani is home to African violet (Saintpaulia), which are thought to have a spiritual component (power of forgiveness) to the native Shambaa people, has enormous ecological value in the Amani ecosystem. The region is listed as one of the top 12 bird-watching locations in the world by Bird Life International, and the Reserve is a recognized Man and Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO.

Long-billed forest warbler
The long-billed forest warbler (Artisornis moreaui), also known as the long-billed tailorbird, is a songbird of the family Cisticolidae, formerly part of the "Old World warbler" assemblage.  It is found in Tanzania and Mozambique. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat destruction.
Elisabeth Margue
Elisabeth Margue (born 7 April 1990) is a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer. A member of the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), she has served as Minister of Justice in the Frieden-Bettel Government since 17 November 2023.

Centre (Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg constituency)
Centre (Luxembourgish: Zentrum; French: Centre; German: Zentrum) is one of the four multi-member constituencies of the Chamber of Deputies, the national legislature of Luxembourg. The constituency was established in 1919 following the introduction of proportional representation for elections to the Chamber of Deputies. It consists of the cantons of Luxembourg and Mersch. The constituency currently elects 21 of the 60 members of the Chamber of Deputies using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2023 general election it had 81,687 registered electors.
Royal College of Physicians
The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) is a British professional membership body dedicated to improving the practice of medicine, chiefly through the accreditation of physicians by examination. Founded by royal charter from King Henry VIII in 1518, as the College of Physicians, the RCP is the oldest medical college in England.

The RCP's home in Regent's Park is one of the few post-war buildings to be listed at Grade I. In 2016 it was announced that the RCP was to open new premises in Liverpool at The Spine, a new building in the Liverpool Knowledge Quarter. The Spine opened in May 2021.

Munk's Roll
The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, commonly referred to as Munk's Roll, is a series of published works containing biographical entries of the fellows of the Royal College of Physicians. It was published in print in eleven volumes (1861 to 2004) with a twelfth online (2005 to present). The series is now titled Inspiring Physicians (from 2020). The series has been informally known as Munk’s Roll, after the original compiler, for over a century. However, the formal name for the series of volumes (1-11) in print, is Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London.
Interlomas
Interlomas is a residential and commercial area in Mexico located 18 kilometres (11 mi) west of Mexico City's historic center and about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) north of the Santa Fe edge city. Interlomas is an upper-middle- and upper-class zone of colonias (neighborhoods) with medium-high- and high-incomes. Interlomas belongs to the municipality of Huixquilucan in the State of Mexico. As of 2011, it had a population of approximately 170,000.

Santa Fe, Mexico City
Santa Fe is a business district and edge city in the west of Mexico City. It is part of the alcaldías (boroughs) of Cuajimalpa and Álvaro Obregón.  Santa Fe consists mainly of luxury highrise buildings surrounding Centro Santa Fe, which is the largest mall in Latin America.  The district includes a residential area and three university campuses.

Paseo de la Reforma  and Avenida Constituyentes  are the main roads to access  the district, and are subject to traffic jams. El Insurgente commuter rail is under construction and has its current terminus in Santa Fe.
Bongiwe Msomi
Bongiwe Msomi (born 19 January 1988) is a former South Africa netball international and current netball coach. Between 2011 and 2023, Msomi made 171 senior appearances for South Africa. She represented South Africa at the 2011, 2015, 2019 and 2023 Netball World Cups and at 2014, 2018 and 2022 Commonwealth Games. She was a member of the South Africa teams that medalled at the 2012 World University Netball Championship and the 2012 Fast5 Netball World Series. Between 2016 and 2023 she captained South Africa. When she retired, she was South Africa's most capped netball international. Msomi was also a member of two Netball Superleague title winning teams – in 2015 with Surrey Storm and in 2017 with Wasps Netball. In 2022 she captained Gauteng Golden Fireballs when they won the Telkom Netball League title. Since 2019, Msomi has served as netball head coach at the University of Johannesburg.

2013 Diamond Challenge
The 2013 Diamond Challenge was the second Diamond Challenge netball series. It featured South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The series was played in October 2013 at the NMMU Indoor Sports Centre at Nelson Mandela University in Port Elizabeth. South Africa entered an Invitational team featuring under-21 players, including Shadine van der Merwe. Coached by Elize Kotze and captained by Bongiwe Msomi, South Africa won the series. South Africa finished the series undefeated, winning all three matches. In the final they defeated Zimbabwe 59–45. The series was broadcast live on SuperSport in South Africa.
Roman Klein
Roman Ivanovich Klein, born Robert Julius Klein (Russian: Роман Иванович Клейн; 31 March 1858 – 3 May 1924) was a Russian architect and educator, best known for his Neoclassical Pushkin Museum in Moscow. Klein, an eclectic, was one of the most prolific architects of his period, second only to Fyodor Schechtel. In the 1880s-1890s, he practiced Russian Revival and Neo-Gothic exteriors; in the 1900s, his knowledge of Roman and Byzantine classical architecture allowed him to integrate into the Neoclassical revival trend of that period.

Ivan Rerberg
Ivan Ivanovich Rerberg (October 4, 1869 – October 15, 1932) was a Russian civil engineer, architect and educator active in Moscow in 1897–1932. Rerberg's input to present-day Moscow  include Kiyevsky Rail Terminal, Central Telegraph building and the Administration building of Moscow Kremlin. Rerberg, a fourth member in a dynasty of engineers, was credited with innovative approach to structural frames and despised the title of an architect, always signing his drafts Engineer Rerberg.
Carnegie railway station
Carnegie station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Cranbourne and Pakenham lines, which are part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the suburb of Carnegie, in the southeastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The station originally opened in 1879 as Rosstown. The station received its current name in 1909 alongside the renaming of the suburb. Carnegie is an elevated premium station, consisting of a single island platform connected to the station concourse on Koornang Road via escalators, lifts and a staircase.

The station is served by four bus routes, including SmartBus route 900. The station is approximately 17 kilometres (11.8 mi), or around a 33-minute train ride away, from Flinders Street.

Oakleigh railway station
Oakleigh station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines, which are part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the suburb of Oakleigh in the south-east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The station opened in 1877 as the up end of the Gippsland line, with the station being electrified in 1922.

Oakleigh is a ground-level premium station, consisting of two sides that are connected to each other via the adjacent roads, and both platforms are connected to each other via a pedestrian subway.

The station is served by 11 bus routes, including two SmartBus services. The station is approximately 15 kilometres (9.4 mi) or around a 27-minute train ride away from Flinders Street.
Leo Fischer
Leo H. Fischer (September 20, 1897 – October 1970) was an American sports writer, editor and organizer.  He also served on the boards of charitable organizations and headed the National Basketball League in the early 1940s before it merged with another professional organization to become the National Basketball Association that continues to exist today.

Chicago American
The Chicago American was an American newspaper published in Chicago under various names from 1900 until its dissolution in 1975. Its afternoon publication was known as the Chicago American, while its evening publication was known as the Chicago Evening American.
De Horsey Island
De Horsey Island is an island at the mouth of the Skeena River in the North Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, immediately south of the southern tip of the Tsimpsean Peninsula and immediately east of Smith Island.  Separating it from that island is De Horsey Passage; and to its north, separating it from the Tsimpsean Peninsula, is Eleanor Passage.  Kshaoom Indian Reserve No. 23 is on its northwest tip.

Tsimpsean Peninsula
The Tsimpsean Peninsula is a peninsula in the Range 5 Coast Land District on the North Coast of British Columbia, extending between Chatham Sound and Work Channel, and extending south to the Skeena River.
Panchami (film)
Panchami is a 1976 Indian Malayalam-language film written by Malayattoor Ramakrishnan, directed by Hariharan and produced by Hari Pothan under the banner of Supriya. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayan, Jayabharathi and Adoor Bhasi in lead roles. The film has musical score by M. S. Viswanathan, while cinematography was handled by Melli Irani. The film was a commercial success at the box office. The film is also noted for being Jayan's breakthrough role.

Jayan
Master Chief Petty Officer Krishnan Madhavan Nair (25 July 1939 – 16 November 1980), better known by his stage name Jayan, born as the son of Madhavan Pillai and Bharathiyamma in Kollam, was an Indian actor, naval officer, and stunt performer of the 1970s and 1980s. He starred in over 150 Malayalam films, primarily as an action star. In 2010 he was referred to as the first and most successful action hero of Malayalam cinema.

His superstar image became a cartoon, email, and SMS phenomenon in the early 2000s, portraying him as a comic superhero with unique quotes of superhuman strength attributed to the action star becoming widespread. These movements were fuelled by a renewed fascination with his style of dialogue delivery and his machismo image. These were claimed to honour his memories, but were also criticised for parodying the actor years after his death.
Bergen Point
Bergen Point is a point of land that lends its name to the adjacent neighborhood in Bayonne in Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The point is located on the north side of Kill van Kull at Newark Bay. It is the section of the city closest to the Bayonne Bridge. Historically the term has been used more broadly as synonymous with Constable Hook, from which it is geographically separated at Port Johnson.

Newark Bay
Newark Bay is a tidal bay at the confluence of the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers in northeastern New Jersey. It is home to the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, the largest container shipping facility in Port of New York and New Jersey, the second busiest in the United States. An estuary, it is periodically dredged to accommodate seafaring ships.
Ingo (brand)
Ingo is a filling station brand owned by Circle K (formerly Statoil Fuel & Retail).
Ingo filling stations are located in Denmark and Sweden. They were formerly named Jet, a brand name of ConocoPhillips. ConocoPhillips sold the stations in Denmark and Sweden in 2007 to Statoil. The downstream operation of Statoil was demerged from Statoil in the year 2010 and named Statoil Fuel & Retail. Statoil and Statoil Fuel & Retail were allowed to license the brand name Jet, but introduced a new name, Ingo, for them in 2014.

Jet (brand)
Jet (styled JET) is a European brand of filling stations, which is owned by American-based conglomerate Phillips 66. Jet filling stations are located in Austria, Germany and the United Kingdom. The brand previously had a presence in other European countries and Thailand.
Lincoln County, Wisconsin
Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,415. Its county seat is Merrill. The county was created in 1875 and named after President Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln County comprises the Merrill, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Wausau-Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.

Bradley, Wisconsin
Bradley is a town in Lincoln County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,408 at the 2010 census, down from 2,573 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Bradley, Gilbert, Heafford Junction, and West Kraft are located in the town.
Marjory Stephenson Prize
The Marjory Stephenson Prize is the principal prize of the Microbiology Society, awarded for an outstanding contribution of current importance in microbiology.

Marjory Stephenson was the second president of the Microbiology Society (1947 - 1949) and a distinguished pioneer of chemical microbiology.

Microbiology Society
The Microbiology Society (previously the Society for General Microbiology) is a society based in the United Kingdom with a worldwide membership based in universities, industry, hospitals, research institutes, schools and other organisations. Interests of its members include basic and applied aspects of viruses, prions, bacteria, rickettsiae, mycoplasma, fungi, algae and protozoa, and all other aspects of microbiology. Its headquarters is at 14–16 Meredith Street, London. The Society's current president is Professor Gordon Dougan CBE FRS.
St. Kateri Tekakwitha Catholic Secondary School
St. Kateri Tekakwitha Catholic Secondary School is a public Catholic secondary school located in Milton, Ontario, Canada. St. Kateri Tekakwitha is a part of the Halton Catholic District School Board. It opened in September 2021. It is named after Kateri Tekakwitha, a Catholic saint.

The school hopes to offer the International Baccalaureate program beginning in 2026.

Milton, Ontario
Milton (2021 census population 132,979) is a town in Southern Ontario, Canada, and part of the Halton Region in the Greater Toronto Area. Between 2001 and 2011, Milton was the fastest growing municipality in Canada, with a 71.4% increase in population from 2001 to 2006 and another 56.5% increase from 2006 to 2011. In 2016, Milton's census population was 110,128 with an estimated growth to 228,000 by 2031. It remained the fastest growing community in Ontario but was deemed to be the sixth fastest growing in Canada at that time.

Milton is located 54 km (34 mi) west of Downtown Toronto on Highway 401, and is the western terminus for the Milton line commuter train and bus corridor operated by GO Transit. Milton is situated on the Niagara Escarpment, a UNESCO world biosphere reserve and the Bruce Trail.
Frank Dobson
Frank Gordon Dobson (15 March 1940 – 11 November 2019) was a British politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Holborn and St. Pancras from 1979 to 2015. A member of the Labour Party he served in the First Blair ministry as Secretary of State for Health from 1997 to 1999, and was the Labour Party nominee for Mayor of London in 2000, finishing third in the election behind Conservative Steven Norris and the winner, Labour-turned-Independent Ken Livingstone. Dobson stood down from his Parliament seat at the 2015 general election.

First Blair ministry
The first Blair ministry lasted from May 1997 to June 2001. Following eighteen years in opposition, Labour ousted the Conservatives at the May 1997 election with a 179-seat majority. The Prime Minister, Tony Blair, who turned 44 years old days after leading Labour to victory, was the youngest prime minister of the twentieth century.
Romerike Police District
Romerike Police District (Norwegian: Romerike politidistrikt) was one of the 27 police districts in Norway, covering the Romerike district of Akershus until 2016. The district was headquartered in Lillestrøm and consisted of two police stations, at Lillestrøm and Gardermoen (at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen), and nine sheriff's offices. It was led by Chief of Police Jørgen L. Høidahl.

The police district specifically covered the municipalities of Aurskog-Høland, Sørum, Fet, Rælingen, Lørenskog, Skedsmo, Nittedal, Gjerdrum, Ullensaker, Nes, Eidsvoll, Nannestad, Hurdal. As of 2011, it had 651 employees and held a special responsibility for the border control at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen.

In 2016, Romerike Police District was merged with Follo Police District and Østfold Police District to form East Police District.

Østfold Police District
Østfold Police District (Norwegian: Østfold politidistrikt) was a police district headquartered in Sarpsborg, Norway, serving the municipalities of Aremark, Fredrikstad, Halden, Hvaler, Marker, Moss, Rakkestad, Rygge, Rømskog, Råde, Sarpsborg and Våler. Other municipalities in Østfold county belonged to Follo Police District. The police district is on the border with Sweden.

The district had police stations in Sarpsborg, Fredrikstad, Halden and Moss and six sheriff's offices (lensmannskontor).

In 2016, Østfold Police District merged with Follo Police District and Romerike Police District to form East Police District.
Rod sheath
Rod sheath is an area identified in histologic sections of a tooth.  It is found where enamel rods, the functional unit of enamel, meet interrod enamel.  The crystals of both types of enamel meet at sharp angles and form the appearance of a space called the rod sheath.  As a result of this space, the rod sheath consists of more protein (as opposed to minerals) than other areas of enamel.  For this reason, the rod sheath is characterized as being hypomineralized in comparison to the rest of the highly mineralized enamel.

Additionally, the rod sheath is attributed with giving tooth enamel a "fish-scale" appearance under a microscope when the enamel has been demineralized or acid-etched.

The rod sheath is Inorganic matrix tying the enamel rods together

Tooth enamel
Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many animals, including some species of fish. It makes up the normally visible part of the tooth, covering the crown. The other major tissues are dentin, cementum, and dental pulp. It is a very hard, white to off-white, highly mineralised substance that acts as a barrier to protect the tooth but can become susceptible to degradation, especially by acids from food and drink. In rare circumstances enamel fails to form, leaving the underlying dentin exposed on the surface.