hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alcântara, Lisbon
Alcântara (Portuguese pronunciation: [alˈkɐ̃tɐɾɐ]) is a freguesia (civil parish) of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in western Lisbon, Alcântara is to the east of Ajuda and Belém and west of Estrela and Campo de Ourique. Alcântara had a population in 2011 of 13,943.

Ajuda
Ajuda (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈʒuðɐ]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Ajuda is located in western Lisbon, northeast of Belém and west of Alcântara. The population in 2011 was 15,617.
Chambly—Borduas
Chambly—Borduas (also previously known as Chambly and Chambly—Verchères) was a federal electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935, and from 1968 to 2015. Created by the British North America Act 1867, its name was changed in 1893 to "Chambly—Verchères". In 1933, it was amalgamated into the Chambly—Rouville and Richelieu—Verchères electoral districts. The district was re-created in 1966 from Chambly—Rouville, Châteauguay—Huntingdon—Laprairie, and Richelieu—Verchères. Its name was changed in 2003 to "Chambly—Borduas". In 2015, most of the district became part of Beloeil—Chambly, while small parts of it joined Montarville and Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères.

Beloeil—Chambly
Beloeil—Chambly (officially Belœil—Chambly) is a federal electoral district (riding) in Quebec, Canada. It encompasses a portion of Montérégie.

Beloeil—Chambly was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution out of part of Chambly—Borduas. It was legally defined in the 2013 representation order and came into effect upon the call of the 2015 federal election. The name was altered slightly to Belœil—Chambly beginning with the 2025 federal election.

Since 2019, its member of Parliament (MP) has been Yves-François Blanchet, the leader of the Bloc Québécois (BQ).

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, it lost Carignan to Mont-Saint-Bruno—L'Acadie.
Sittingbourne and Milton Urban District
Sittingbourne and Milton was an urban district in Kent, England, consisting of the settlements of Sittingbourne and Milton Regis. It was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and made part of the Swale district.

Sittingbourne
Sittingbourne is an industrial town in the Swale district of Kent, southeast England, 17 miles (27 km) from Canterbury and 45 miles (72 km) from London, beside the Roman Watling Street, an ancient trackway used by the Romans and the Anglo-Saxons. In 2021 it had a population of 54,392.

The town stands next to the Swale, a strip of sea separating mainland Kent from the Isle of Sheppey. The town became prominent after the death of Thomas Becket in 1170, since it provided a convenient resting point on the road from London to Canterbury and Dover.

Chatham Main Line links to London Victoria station and HS1 to St Pancras International, the journey taking about an hour from Sittingbourne railway station.
Sir John Fryer, 1st Baronet
Sir John Fryer, 1st Baronet (14 September 1671 – 11 September 1726) was a prominent Presbyterian layman, London pewterer, merchant and Lord Mayor of London. The baronetcy became extinct on his death in 1726. He was created a baronet on 13 December 1714.

"The King was pleased to make me a Barronett & my patent was ordered accordingly it bears date
This favour was conferred on me for my fidelity to the Protestant Succession in the House of Hanover & not laying down my Gown(?) when the Torie Ministry had made the Law against Occasional Conformity contrived on purpose to throw & exclude Dissenters out of Publick places."

Worshipful Company of Fishmongers
The Worshipful Company of Fishmongers (or Fishmongers' Company) is one of the 111 livery companies of the City of London, being an incorporated guild of sellers of fish and seafood in the City. The Company ranks fourth in the order of precedence of City Livery Companies, thereby making it one of the Great Twelve City Livery Companies.
Attempted Rape Act 1948
The Attempted Rape Act 1948 (11 & 12 Geo. 6. c. 19) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that increased the maximum sentence for attempted rape from two years' imprisonment to seven years' penal servitude. (Penal servitude was abolished later that year by the Criminal Justice Act 1948, and replaced with imprisonment.) The Attempted Rape Act was repealed and replaced by the Sexual Offences Act 1956, which maintained the maximum sentence of seven years' imprisonment until the 1956 Act was amended by the Sexual Offences Act 1985, which increased the maximum sentence to life imprisonment.

Sexual Offences Act 1985
The Sexual Offences Act 1985 (c.44) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that created two offences concerning prostitution, and increased the maximum sentence for attempted rape from seven years to life imprisonment. The act was applicable in England and Wales only.

The new offences were kerb crawling and persistently soliciting women for the purposes of prostitution. In 1991 the Director of Public Prosecutions and head of the Crown Prosecution Service, Sir Allan Green KCB QC, was arrested for an offence under this Act and had to resign.

Sections 3, 4(2) and (3), and 5(2) were repealed by Schedule 7 to the Sexual Offences Act 2003.

The whole Act was repealed by the Policing and Crime Act 2009.
Hybrid tea rose
Hybrid tea is an informal horticultural classification for a group of garden roses. The first hybrid tea roses were created in France in the mid-1800s, by cross-breeding the large, floriferous hybrid perpetuals with the tall, elegant tea roses. The hybrid tea is the oldest class of modern garden roses. Hybrid teas exhibit traits midway between their parents, being hardier than the often delicate tea roses, and with a better ability for repeat-flowering than the more robust hybrid perpetuals.

Hybrid tea flowers are well-formed with large, high-centred buds, supported by long, straight and upright stems. Each flower can grow to 8–12.5 cm wide. Hybrid teas are the largest and most popular group of rose, due to their elegant form and large variety of colours. Their flowers are usually borne singly at the end of long stems which also makes them very popular as cut flowers.

Rosa 'Peace'
The Peace rose, formally Rosa 'Peace', synonym Mme A. Meilland, is a well-known and successful garden rose. By 1992, over one hundred million plants of this hybrid tea had been sold. The cultivar has large flowers of a light yellow to cream color, slightly flushed at the petal edges with crimson-pink. It is hardy and vigorous and relatively resistant to disease, making it popular in gardens as well as in the floral trade.

It was developed by French horticulturist Francis Meilland, in the years 1935 to 1939. When Meilland foresaw the German invasion of France, he sent cuttings to friends in Italy, Turkey, Germany, and the United States to protect the new rose. It is said that it was sent to the US on the last plane available before the German invasion, where it was safely propagated by the Conard Pyle Co. during the war.
Datong
Datong is a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China. It is located in the Datong Basin at an elevation of 1,040 metres (3,410 ft) and borders Inner Mongolia to the north and west and Hebei to the east. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 3,105,591 of whom 1,790,452 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 out 4 urban districts of Pingcheng and Yungang as Yunzhou and Xinrong are not conurbated yet.

Yunzhou District
Yunzhou District (simplified Chinese: 云州区; traditional Chinese: 雲州區; pinyin: Yúnzhōu Qū) is a district of the city of Datong, Shanxi. It was formerly known as Datong County (大同县; 大同縣; Dàtóng Xiàn) until 9 February 2018 in a State Council-approved reshuffle of Datong's administrative divisions.
Memoization
In computing, memoization or memoisation is an optimization technique used primarily to speed up computer programs. It works by storing the results of expensive calls to pure functions, so that these results can be returned quickly should the same inputs occur again. It is a type of caching, normally implemented using a hash table, and a typical example of a space–time tradeoff, where the runtime of a program is reduced by increasing its memory usage. Memoization can be implemented in any programming language, though some languages have built-in support that make it easy for the programmer to memoize a function, and others memoize certain functions by default.

Memoization has also been used in other contexts (and for purposes other than speed gains), such as in simple mutually recursive descent parsing. In the context of some logic programming languages, memoization is also known as tabling.

Program optimization
In computer science, program optimization, code optimization, or software optimization is the process of modifying a software system to make some aspect of it work more efficiently or use fewer resources. In general, a computer program may be optimized so that it executes more rapidly, or to make it capable of operating with less memory storage or other resources, or draw less power.
Robert A. W. Lowndes
Robert Augustine Ward "Doc" Lowndes (September 4, 1916 – July 14, 1998) was an American science fiction author, editor and fan. He was known best as the editor of Future Science Fiction, Science Fiction, and Science Fiction Quarterly, among many other crime-fiction, western, sports-fiction, and other pulp and digest sized magazines for Columbia Publications. Among the most famous writers he was first to publish at Columbia was mystery writer Edward D. Hoch, who in turn would contribute to Lowndes's fiction magazines as long as he was editing them. Lowndes was a principal member of the Futurians. His first story, "The Outpost at Altark" for Super Science in 1940, was written in collaboration with fellow Futurian Donald A. Wollheim, uncredited.

Futurians
The Futurians were an influential group of science fiction fans, writers, and editors who helped shape the genre in the United States between 1938 and 1945. Based in New York City, the group included many individuals who would become major figures in science fiction, including Isaac Asimov, Frederik Pohl, Donald A. Wollheim, James Blish, Cyril M. Kornbluth, Damon Knight, and Judith Merril. Known for their left-wing political views and collective approach to professional development, the Futurians were, as Knight noted, "brilliant, eccentric and poor," yet from this group of never more than twenty members came seven of the field's most prominent names.
August Becker
August Becker (17 August 1900 – 31 December 1967) was a mid-ranking functionary in the SS of Nazi Germany and chemist in the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). He helped design the vans with a gas chamber built into the back compartment used in early Nazi mass murder of disabled people, political dissidents, Jews, and other "racial enemies", including Action T4 as well as the Einsatzgruppen (mobile Nazi death squads) in the Nazi-occupied portions of the Soviet Union. Generally his role was to provide important technical support, but on at least one occasion he personally gassed about 20 people.

Gas van
A gas van or gas wagon (Russian: душегубка, romanized: dushegubka, lit. 'soul killer'; Serbian: душегупка, romanized: dušegupka; German: Gaswagen) was a truck re-equipped as a mobile gas chamber. During World War II and the Holocaust, Nazi Germany developed and used gas vans on a large scale to kill inmates of asylums, Romani people, Jews, and prisoners in occupied Poland, Belarus, Serbia, the Soviet Union, and other regions of German-occupied Europe. There are several documented cases of gas vans used by Soviet NKVD during the Great Purge.
Sedona Wetlands Preserve
The Sedona Wetlands Preserve is a nature preserve near Sedona, Arizona. It is composed of six man-made basins It is located south of the city's wastewater treatment facility. It is a popular destination for birdwatchers in Arizona as birds such as ducks and shorebirds are usually absent from the preserve's dry surroundings.

Sedona, Arizona
Sedona (/sɪˈdoʊnə/ si-DOH-nə) is a city that straddles the county line between Coconino and Yavapai counties in the northern Verde Valley region of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, Sedona had a population of 9,684. The city is within the Coconino National Forest.

Sedona's main attraction is its array of pink sandstone formations. The formations appear to glow in pink when illuminated by the rising or setting sun. The pink rocks form a popular backdrop for many activities, ranging from spiritual pursuits to the hundreds of hiking and mountain biking trails.

Sedona was named after Sedona Schnebly, whose husband, Theodore Carlton Schnebly, was the city's first postmaster. She was celebrated for her hospitality and industriousness. Her mother, Amanda Miller, claimed to have made the name up because "it sounded pretty".
Tomsk
Tomsk (Russian: Томск, IPA: [tomsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia, on the Tom River. Population: 544,566 (2025); 556,478 (2021 census); 524,669 (2010 census); 487,838 (2002 census); 501,963 (1989 Soviet census).

Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in Siberia. It has six universities, with over 100,000 students, including Tomsk State University, the oldest university in Siberia.

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS
56°28′35″N 85°02′38″E﻿ / ﻿56.4765°N 85.044°E﻿ / 56.4765; 85.044

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences—one of the institutes of the Tomsk Research Center of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is located in Tomsk Academic City. The Institute consists of 5 buildings with a total area of 18,487 square meters. The Institute has 15 research laboratories, the center of collective use "Nanotech", the international centre for research on physical mesomechanics, materials, the Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Center "Welding", the Testing Laboratory "Metal-Test", and 2 scientific and technological departments.
Gololcha (Bale)
Gololcha is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Gaserana Gololcha woreda what was divided for Gadera and Gololcha woredas. Part of the Bale Zone, Gaserana Gololcha is bordered on the south by Ginir, on the southwest by Sinanana Dinsho, on the west by Agarfa, on the north by the Shebelle River which separates it from the Arsi Zone, on the northeast by Legehida, and on the east by Seweyna. The administrative center for the woreda is Jara.

Dinsho (woreda)
Dinsho is one of the districts in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Sinanana Dinsho woreda what was separated for Dinsho and Sinana woredas and Robe Town. Part of the Bale Zone, Sinanana Dinsho was bordered on the south by the Mena River which separated it from Goba, on the west by Adaba, on the northwest by Agarfa, on the northeast by Gaserana Gololcha, on the east by Ginir, and on the southeast by Goro, Oromia. The administrative center of this woreda is Dinsho.
William of the Principate
William of Hauteville (c. 1027 – 1080) was one of the younger sons of Tancred of Hauteville by his second wife Fressenda. He is usually called Willermus instead of Wilelmus in Latin annals and so is often called Guillerm instead of Guillaume in French.

Tancred of Hauteville
Tancred of Hauteville (c. 980 – 1041) was an 11th-century Norman lord. Little is known about him, and he is best remembered by the achievements of his twelve sons. Various legends arose about Tancred, but they have no supporting contemporary evidence that has survived the ages.
2022 Bulgarian parliamentary election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 2 October 2022 to elect members of the 48th National Assembly. The snap election was called after the fall of the Petkov Government, a four-party coalition, in June 2022. This was the fourth parliamentary election since 2021, an unprecedented situation in Bulgarian history, the previous elections being the April, July, and November 2021 elections.

As in the previous snap elections, no party secured a majority. The GERB–SDS alliance emerged as the largest bloc with 67 seats and was assigned the task of forming a government by President Rumen Radev, but their efforts failed. Radev then granted the We Continue the Change party and later the BSP for Bulgaria coalition a mandate to form a government, but both were unsuccessful. As a result, Radev scheduled another parliamentary election, the fifth in two years, to take place on 2 April 2023.

Turnout was at 39%, the lowest since 1990.

There is Such a People
There Is Such a People (Bulgarian: Има такъв народ, ИТН, romanized: Ima takav narod, ITN) is a populist political party in Bulgaria established by Bulgarian singer, TV host, and politician Slavi Trifonov. Self-described as a "political product", the party is named after one of Trifonov's own musical albums.
Gagalphedi
Gapalphedi is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of Kageshwari-Manohara Municipality in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,533 and had 1,166 households in it.

Kageshwari-Manohara
Kageshwori-Manohara is a municipality in Kathmandu District in the Bagmati Province of Nepal that was established on 2 December 2014 by merging the former Village development committees of Aalapot, Bhadrabas, Danchhi, Gagalphedi, Gothatar and Mulpani. The office of the municipality is in Thali Danchhi in Ward No. 5. history finding
1902 California gubernatorial election
The 1902 California gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1902, to elect the governor of California. George Pardee won the election with 48.06% percent of the popular vote and was the Governor of California until 1907. This was the first time since 1863 that the Republican Party retained control of the governorship in California.

Henry T. Gage
Henry Tifft Gage (December 25, 1852 – August 28, 1924) was an American lawyer, politician and diplomat. A Republican, Gage was elected to a single term as the 20th governor of California from 1899 to 1903. Gage was also the U.S. Minister to Portugal for several months in 1910.
Moanda, Gabon
Moanda is one of the largest towns in Gabon, lying on the N3 road in Haut Ogooué.  It is also one of the most important manganese mining towns in the world, under the auspices of the Compagnie minière de l'Ogooué (COMILOG), which began mining in 1957. Moanda has a population of around 39,298 inhabitants (2010 est.)  and is the second largest city in the Haut Ogooué Region, after Franceville. It is also a border town, lying 100 km away from the border with the Republic of Congo.

Miosso River
The Miosso River is a river flowing south of the town of Moanda in Gabon. It enters the Mberece River. The Miosso River banks are swampy and admit a significant fish population. The resulting Miosso Swamp isolates the Third Zone District and Rigobert Landji Public High School from the city.
Cruden's Concordance
A Complete Concordance to the Holy Scriptures, generally known as Cruden's Concordance, is a concordance of the King James Bible (KJV) that was singlehandedly created by Alexander Cruden (1699–1770). The Concordance was first published in 1737 and has not been out of print since then.
Two editions of the Concordance appeared during his lifetime, 1761 and 1769.
(Reference 1955 edition)

Bible concordance
A Bible concordance is a concordance, or verbal index, to the Bible. A simple form lists Biblical words alphabetically, with indications to enable the inquirer to find the passages of the Bible where the words occur.

Concordances may be for the original languages of the Biblical books, or (more commonly) they are compiled for translations.
Lingang Avenue station
Lingang Avenue (simplified Chinese: 临港大道; traditional Chinese: 臨港大道; pinyin: Língǎng Dàdào) is a station on Line 16 of the Shanghai Metro in Shanghai, China. The station is located in the center of Nanhui New City. From here, the Universities Shanghai Maritime University and Shanghai Ocean University can be reached by bus. It opened on 29 December 2013 as part of the first section of Line 16 from Luoshan Road to Dishui Lake.

Since 1 October 2018, to accommodate the openings of Haichang Ocean Park which stands close to the station, all trains served (including rapid services, except express services) stop at this station.

The station has 3 tracks, one island platform, and one side platform. The inner island platform is not in service. Trains heading to Longyang Road use the outer island platform, whilst trains towards Dishui Lake use the side platform. This station utilizes the same platform layout as one of its neighbouring stations, Shuyuan, on the same line.

Line 16 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 16 is a rapid transit line serving the south-eastern suburban areas of Shanghai. The line was formerly known as the Lingang line (Chinese: 临港线; pinyin: Língǎng xiàn). It was originally designated as Line 21 and was planned as the south part of line 11. The line runs entirely in Pudong New Area, starting from Longyang Road, via Shanghai Wild Animal Park, Huinan Town, ending at Dishui Lake in Nanhui New City. The line is 59 km (37 mi) long and has 13 stations of which three are underground and the rest elevated. Construction begun in early 2009, and the line opened on 29 December 2013. The second phase was completed at the end of 2014.

The design speed of Line 16 is 120 km/h (75 mph), and the actual maximum operating speed in the above-ground section is about 100 km/h (62 mph). Line 16 is susceptible to further speed limits due to heavy fog, due to the high operating speed of the line requiring longer sight distances. The line is colored aqua on system maps.
National Union of Water Works Employees
The National Union of Water Works Employees (NUWWE) was a trade union representing staff at water works in the United Kingdom.

The union was founded in 1906 as the Metropolitan Water Board Employees' Association.  Initially, it had close links with the Metropolitan Water Board, the board's chair acting as its president, but this changed in 1914 when, for the first time, it put in a claim for a pay increase for its members, and it affiliated to the London Labour Party.

In 1920, the union changed its name to the "National Union of Water Works Employees", in the hope of attracting members from outside London.  This proved successful, once it was part of winning a pay increase in 1923.

The union long remained outside the mainstream of the British trade union movement, but it affiliated to the Trades Union Congress in 1964.  In 1972, it merged into the General and Municipal Workers' Union.

GMB (trade union)
The GMB is a general trade union in the United Kingdom which has more than 560,000 members. Its members work in nearly all industrial sectors, in retail, security, schools, distribution, the utilities, social care, the National Health Service (NHS), ambulance service and local government.
Jeanne McGahey
Jeanne McGahey (died 1995 or 1996) was an American poet published by George Leite in Circle Magazine in the 1940s.  She married the poet Lawrence Hart in 1944; they were both members of the "Activist Group" of poets.

Lawrence Hart (poet)
Lawrence Hart (1901 - 1996) was an American poet, critic, and mentor of the "Activist Group" of poets.

Hart was born in Delta, Colorado and moved to San Francisco in the 1920s. He married the poet Jeanne McGahey in 1944.  He died, aged 95, on 13 May 1996 in Greenbrae, California.

The May 1951 edition of Poetry magazine was guest-edited by Hart and devoted to the work of the Activist Group, whose approach he defined as follows: "Each phrase, each unit of poetic notation, was to be written so that it would have esthetic excitement in itself, even detached from the poem." Poetry carried a half-issue "Activist Sequel" in November 1958, with a further "Note on the Activists" by Hart.  In the following year, Hart stirred controversy by writing critically of the contemporary San Francisco Renaissance.