hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Annaka-shuku
Annaka-shuku (安中宿, Annaka-shuku) was the fifteenth of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō. It is located in the present-day city of Annaka, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Batō Kan'on (馬頭漢音 horsehead gods) lined the way to the post town.

69 Stations of the Nakasendō
The 69 Stations of the Nakasendō (中山道六十九次, Nakasendō Rokujūkyū-tsugi) are the rest areas along the Nakasendō, which ran from Nihonbashi in Edo (modern-day Tokyo) to Sanjō Ōhashi in Kyoto. The route stretched approximately 534 km (332 mi) and was an alternate trade route to the Tōkaidō.
Steady-state model
In cosmology, the steady-state model or steady-state theory was an alternative to the Big Bang theory. In the steady-state model, the density of matter in the expanding universe remains unchanged due to a continuous creation of matter,  thus adhering to the perfect cosmological principle, a principle that says that the observable universe is always the same at any time and any place. A static universe, where space is not expanding, also obeys the perfect cosmological principle, but it cannot explain astronomical observations consistent with expansion of space.

From the 1940s to the 1960s, the astrophysical community was divided between supporters of the Big Bang theory and supporters of the steady-state theory. The steady-state model is now rejected by most cosmologists, astrophysicists, and astronomers.
The observational evidence points to a hot Big Bang cosmology with a finite age of the universe, which the steady-state model does not predict.

Age of the universe
In Big Bang models of physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the cosmological time back to the point when the scale factor of the universe extrapolates to zero. Modern models calculate the age now as 13.863 billion years. Astronomers have two different approaches to determine the age of the universe. One is based on a particle physics model of the early universe called Lambda-CDM, matched to measurements of the distant, and thus old features, like the cosmic microwave background. The other is based on the distance and relative velocity of a series or "ladder" of different kinds of stars, making it depend on local measurements late in the history of the universe. 
These two methods give slightly different values for the Hubble constant, which is then used in a formula to calculate the age. The range of the estimate is also within the range of the estimate for the oldest observed star in the universe.
Peconic station
Peconic was a station stop along the Greenport Branch of the Long Island Rail Road in Peconic, New York. The station was originally built as Hermitage station on May 1, 1848 (although some sources claim it dates back to 1844) but was renamed Peconic on the June 1876 timetable. In August 1876 a second Peconic Station replaced the former one, which was built on the south side of the tracks and on the west side of Peconic Lane. This building also served as the post office. That station was razed in April 1942 and replaced with a shelter along the platform. The post office moved to the grocery store next door where it remains to this day. When Cutchogue station was closed in June 1962, the two nearest replacements were Mattituck station, which still exists today, and Peconic station, which ceased service in 1970.

Mattituck station
Mattituck  is a station on the Main Line (Greenport Branch) of the Long Island Rail Road in Mattituck, Suffolk County, New York. It is located on Love Lane and Pike Street, north of New York State Route 25.
Jumia Travel
Jumia Travel emerged in 2013 as an online travel agency providing online hotel reservations across the African continent within the Africa Internet Group, now known as Jumia Group. In 2019, Jumia Travel was acquired by Travelstart. Travelstart took control of the sales, fulfilment and customer service aspects of Jumia Travel online booking websites in all its operating territories.

Jumia
Jumia  is a marketplace, logistics service and payment service, operating throughout Africa. The logistics service enables the delivery of packages through local partners while the payment services facilitate the payments of online transactions. It has partnered with more than 100,000 sellers and individuals.
Boxhill (Louisville)
Boxhill, also called Winkworth, is a Georgian Revival house in Glenview, Kentucky, a small city east of Louisville, Kentucky. It was built in 1906 or 1910 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

As with other nearby mansions such as Lincliff, Boxhill reflects a period of Louisville history around the turn of the 20th century where wealthy Louisvillians built showcase homes along the Ohio River above Downtown Louisville. The 29 remaining mansions constitute the largest such collection along the 981-mile long river, and are among the best-preserved collections of turn-of-the-century estates in the United States.

Glenview, Kentucky
Glenview is a 6th-class city along the southern bank of the Ohio River in northeastern Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Glenview had a population of 596.

Glenview has the 2nd-highest per capita income within Kentucky and the 74th-highest in the United States. The city is known for its old estate homes on high bluffs overlooking the Ohio River.
Edmund H. North
Edmund Hall North (March 12, 1911 – August 28, 1990) was an American screenwriter who shared an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay with Francis Ford Coppola in 1970 for their script for Patton.

North wrote the screenplay for the 1951 science-fiction classic The Day the Earth Stood Still and is credited with creating the famous line from the film, "Klaatu barada nikto".

He was a son of Bobby North and Stella Maury who performed in vaudeville and the Ziegfeld Follies. North began writing plays while attending Culver Military Academy in Indiana and at Stanford University. As a major in the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War II, he made training and educational films.

North was a president of the screen branch of the Writers Guild of America in which he served on more than 40 committees, including the contract-bargaining panel.

North and his wife, Collette had two daughters.  He lived in Brentwood, Los Angeles, and was 79 when he died.

Klaatu barada nikto
"Klaatu barada nikto" is a phrase that originated in the 1951 science fiction film The Day the Earth Stood Still. The humanoid alien protagonist of the film, Klaatu (Michael Rennie), instructs Helen Benson (Patricia Neal) that if any harm befalls him, she must say the phrase to the robot Gort (Lockard Martin).

The Robot Hall of Fame describes the phrase as "one of the most famous commands in science fiction" and Frederick S. Clarke of Cinefantastique called it "the most famous phrase ever spoken by an extraterrestrial."
456 Abnoba
456 Abnoba, provisional designation 1900 FH, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 June 1900, by astronomers Max Wolf and Arnold Schwassmann at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the Celtic deity Abnoba.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
Zdenka Cerar
Zdenka Prusnik-Cerar (7 September 1941 – 28 August 2013) was a Slovenian gymnast who competed for Yugoslavia at the 1962 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. She had a very prominent political career, being appointed, in 1999, the General State Prosecutor in the National Assembly of Slovenia and, later in 2005, the Minister of Justice of Slovenia.  She was the wife of European, World, and Olympic individual champion gymnast Miroslav Cerar and the mother of Miro Cerar, Prime Minister of Slovenia in 2014–2018.

Miroslav Cerar (gymnast)
Miroslav Cerar (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈmíːrɔslaw ˈtsɛ̀ːrar]; born 28 October 1939) is a Yugoslav former gymnast and lawyer of Slovene ethnicity who won the pommel horse event at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics. He is also a four-time World champion and a ten-time European champion.

Domestically, Cerar won 13 national all-around titles and was chosen eight times as Yugoslavia's Athlete of the Year. He was awarded the Silver Olympic Order by the International Olympic Committee. He is a co-founder of the Olympic Committee of Slovenia and a member of the executive committee of the European Fair Play Movement.
Takada Castle
Takada Castle (高田城, Takada-jō)) was an Edo period flatland-style Japanese castle located in what is now the center of the city of Jōetsu, Niigata Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Honshu, Japan. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, it was the centre of Takada Domain.

Jōetsu, Niigata
Jōetsu (上越市, Jōetsu-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 189,430, in 76,461 households with a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 973.81 square kilometres (375.99 sq mi). Jōetsu borders the Sea of Japan and is renowned for its abundance of snow, the annual cherry-blossom festival, sake and Koshihikari rice.
Float (horse-drawn)
A float is a form of two-wheeled horse-drawn cart, often with a dropped axle to give an especially low load-bed. They were intended for use by deliverymen and the carrying of heavy or unstable items such as milk churns.: 123 : 124 : 79

Horse-drawn vehicle
A horse-drawn vehicle is a wheeled vehicle pulled by horses to carry passengers or a load. They were common during the horse-drawn era, though have mostly been replaced by automobiles and other mechanized transport. Some are still in use today in rural areas, and also for pleasure, tourists, and sport. Many vehicles have been preserved and are on display in carriage museums and transport museums.
Ken Lockwood Gorge Bridge
The Ken Lockwood Gorge Bridge is a steel plate girder bridge built for the High Bridge Branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) to cross the South Branch Raritan River in Ken Lockwood Gorge of Hunterdon County, New Jersey. It is now open for pedestrian traffic on the Columbia Trail, a rail trail that starts in High Bridge.

High Bridge Branch
The High Bridge Branch is a branch line that was operated by the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ). As built, the branch started in High Bridge, New Jersey at a connection with the CNJ main line and continued north to iron-ore mines in Morris County. The High Bridge Branch line followed the South Branch Raritan River for much of its length.

Portions of the branch are operated by the Dover and Rockaway River Railroad.
Constantin Argetoianu
Constantin Argetoianu (15 March [O.S. 3 March] 1871 – 6 February 1955) was a Romanian politician, one of the best-known personalities of interwar Greater Romania, who served as the Prime Minister between 28 September and 23 November 1939. His memoirs, Memorii. Pentru cei de mâine. Amintiri din vremea celor de ieri (Memoirs. For those of tomorrow. Recollections of yesterday's world) — a cross section of Romanian society, were made known for the sharp critique of several major figures in Romanian politics (using a sarcastic tone which had made his previous political speeches notorious).

Grigore Iunian
Grigore Iunian (September 30, 1882 – 1939) was a Romanian left-wing politician and lawyer. A member of the National Liberal Party (PNL) during the 1910s, he rallied with the Peasants' Party (PȚ) after World War I, and followed it into the National Peasants' Party (PNȚ), before leaving in 1933 to create the Radical Peasants' Party (PȚR), over which he presided until his death.
Mian Imtiaz Ahmed
Mian Imtiaz Ahmad (Urdu: میاں امتیاز احمد; born 14 April 1961) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from June 2013 to May 2018. Previously he had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab from 1993 to 1999.

NA-172 Rahim Yar Khan-IV
NA-172 Rahim Yar Khan-IV (این اے-172، رحیم یار خان-4) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. This constituency mainly comprises Rahim Yar Khan City, Kot Samaba, Bindor Qanungo Halqa and some portion of Taranda Sawai Khan.
Jeffersonville Quartermaster Depot
Jeffersonville Quartermaster Intermediate Depot (JQMD) was a military warehouse located in Jeffersonville, Indiana.  Originally covering four city blocks (the Quadrangle), it expanded to ten city blocks by the end of World War II.

Jeffersonville, Indiana
Jeffersonville is a city in and the county seat of Clark County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River. Locally, the city is often referred to by the abbreviated name Jeff. It lies directly across the Ohio River to the north of Louisville, Kentucky, along I-65. The population was 49,447 at the 2020 census.

Jeffersonville began its existence as a settlement around Fort Finney after 1786 and was named after Thomas Jefferson in 1801, the year he took office.
Marsden railway station
Marsden railway station serves the village of Marsden near Huddersfield in West Yorkshire, England. The station is on the Huddersfield Line, operated by Northern and is about 7 miles (11 km) west of Huddersfield station.  It was opened in 1849 by the London & North Western Railway and is the last station before the West Yorkshire boundary with Greater Manchester. The station is operated by Northern Trains, but only TransPennine Express trains call here.

Marsden, West Yorkshire
Marsden is a large village in the Colne Valley, in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is in the South Pennines close to the Peak District which lies to the south. The village is 7 miles (11 km) west of Huddersfield  at the confluence of the River Colne and Wessenden Brook. It was an important centre for the production of woollen cloth. In 2021, the village had a population of 3,692.
1st Linlithgowshire Rifle Volunteers
The 1st Linlithgowshire Rifle Volunteers was a Scottish unit of Britain's Volunteer Force raised in Linlithgow in 1860. It later became a cyclist battalion of the Royal Scots, which served in Home Defence and saw action in the North Russia Intervention force during World War I. Between the wars it was reduced to company strength, but just before World War II it was converted into an anti-aircraft (AA) regiment of the Royal Artillery (RA). This served in Anti-Aircraft Command during the Blitz and later distinguished itself in the Siege of Tobruk. It fought through the Italian Campaign and its successors continued in the postwar Territorial Army (TA) until 1967.

1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers
The 1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers was a Scottish Volunteer unit of the British Army. Originally raised in Glasgow as part of the Highland Light Infantry from 1859, it later became a battalion of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). During World War I it served on the Western Front and in Ireland. Converted into an anti-aircraft regiment just before World War II, it served during The Blitz and in the campaign in North West Europe, and continued in air defence role in the postwar years until 1955.
Social Science Research Council
The Social Science Research Council (SSRC) is a US-based, independent, international nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing research in the social sciences and related disciplines. Established in Manhattan in 1923, it maintains a headquarters in Brooklyn Heights with a staff of approximately 70.

The SSRC offers several fellowships to researchers in the social sciences and related disciplines, including for international fieldwork.

Ira Katznelson
Ira I. Katznelson (born 1944) is an American political scientist and historian, noted for his research on the liberal state, inequality, social knowledge, and institutions, primarily focused on the United States.  His work has been characterized as an "interrogation of political liberalism in the United States and Europe—asking for definition of its many forms, their origins, their strengths and weaknesses, and what kinds there can be".
Limburgish
Limburgish (Limburgs [ˈlɪm˦bʏʀ(ə)xs] or Lèmburgs [ˈlɛm˦-]; Dutch: Limburgs [ˈlɪmbʏr(ə)xs]; also Limburgian, Limburgic or Limburgan) is the collective designation for a group of closely related language varieties spoken in most of Belgian and Dutch Limburg and in the adjacent areas of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The Limburgish dialects lack a standardized form and instead comprise multiple varieties, each with its own distinctive features. A characteristic feature of many dialects of Limburgish is the occurrence of a lexical pitch accent (Franconian tone accent), which these dialects adopted from and share with the adjacent Central Franconian dialects of German.

In the Netherlands, Limburgish has been officially recognized as a regional language by the Dutch government since 1997. In Belgium and Germany, Limburgish dialects have no formal legal status.

Low Franconian
In historical and comparative linguistics, Low Franconian is a linguistic category used to classify a number of historical and contemporary West Germanic varieties closely related to, and including, the Dutch language. Most dialects and languages included within this category are spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium (Flanders), in the Nord department of France, in western Germany (Lower Rhine), as well as in Suriname, South Africa and Namibia.
Hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene
Hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene (hexabenzo[a,d,g,j,m,p]coronene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C48H24. It consists of a central coronene molecule, with an additional benzene ring fused onto each ring around the periphery.

Hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene has a contorted structure due to steric crowding among the benzene rings around the edge, analogous to the situation in benzo[c]phenanthrene.

Coronene
Coronene (also known as superbenzene and cyclobenzene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) comprising seven peri-fused benzene rings. Its chemical formula is C24H12. It is a yellow material that dissolves in common solvents including benzene, toluene, and dichloromethane. Its solutions emit blue light fluorescence under UV light. It has been used as a solvent probe, similar to pyrene.

The compound is of theoretical interest to organic chemists because of its aromaticity. It can be described by 20 resonance structures or by a set of three mobile Clar sextets. In the Clar sextet case,  most stable structure for coronene has only  three isolated outer sextets as fully aromatic although superaromaticity would still be possible when these sextets are able to migrate into next ring.
Aldershot
Aldershot (/ˈɔːldərʃɒt/ AWL-dər-shot) is a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme north-east corner of the county, 31 mi (50 km) south-west of London. The town has a population of 40,160, while the Aldershot Urban Area – a loose conurbation, which also includes other towns such as Camberley and Farnborough – has a population of 243,344; it is the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK.

Aldershot is known as the Home of the British Army, a connection which led to its rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town.

Wesleyan Church, Aldershot
The Wesleyan Church is a former Methodist church for the town of Aldershot in Hampshire, England. Closed in 1988 the building has been a Grade II* listed building since 30 April 1981. In use today as offices, a dental studio and a gymnasium, the former Wesleyan Church is situated on the corner of Grosvenor Road and Queens Road in Aldershot.
Magnetar
A magnetar is a type of neutron star with an extremely powerful magnetic field (~109 to 1011 T, ~1013 to 1015 G). The magnetic-field decay (or dissipation) powers the emission of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays and gamma rays.

The existence of magnetars was proposed in 1992 by Robert Duncan and Christopher Thompson following earlier work by Jonathan I. Katz on the Soft Gamma Repeater SGR 0525-66, then called a gamma-ray burst.

Their proposal sought to explain the properties of transient sources of gamma rays, now known as soft gamma repeaters (SGRs). Over the following decade, the magnetar hypothesis became widely accepted, and was extended to explain anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs). As of July 2021, 24 magnetars have been confirmed.

It has been suggested that magnetars are the source of fast radio bursts (FRB), in particular as a result of findings in 2020 by scientists using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope.

Soft gamma repeater
A soft gamma repeater (SGR) is an astronomical object which emits large bursts of gamma-rays and X-rays at irregular intervals. It is conjectured that they are a type of magnetar or, alternatively, neutron stars with fossil disks around them.
Olivia Tan
Olivia Tan (born 3 December 1993) is an Indonesian content creator, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Global Indonesia 2020 beauty contest and represented Indonesia at Miss Global 2022 held in Bali, Indonesia. In 2022, she participated in the Miss Charm 2023 contest and won the title of second runner-up.

Miss Charm 2023
Miss Charm 2023 was the first edition of the Miss Charm pageant, held at the Hoa Binh Theater in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam on 16 February 2023. It was won by Luma Russo of Brazil.

Contestants from thirty-eight countries and territories participated in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Karina Ramos, Phương Mai, and Quỳnh Nga.
Shehzad Arbab
Muhammad Shehzad Arbab is a retired Pakistani civil servant who  served as Advisor to Prime Minister Imran Khan on Establishment from August 2018 to 10 April 2022. Before his retirement from civil services, Arbab served in BPS-22 grade as the Commerce Secretary of Pakistan and Chief Secretary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He belongs to the Pakistan Administrative Service and is batchmates with Tariq Bajwa, Babar Yaqoob Fateh Muhammad and Sajjad Saleem Hotiana.

A member of the eminent Arbab family of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Shehzad Arbab is known for having played a key role in the FATA reforms of 2017 during his tenure as Federal Secretary SAFRON. He has previously also served as Chief Secretary Azad Kashmir and Additional Secretary at Aiwan-e-Sadr.

Babar Yaqoob Fateh Muhammad
Babar Yaqoob Fateh Muhammad (born 13 August 1954) is a retired Pakistani civil servant who served as chairman of the Federal Land Commission of Pakistan from April 2020 to April 2023. Previously, he served in BPS-22 grade as the Cabinet Secretary of Pakistan, Chief Secretary Balochistan and Maritime Secretary (in acting capacity).  He also served as ECP Secretary and Chief Secretary Gilgit Baltistan. He belongs to the Pakistan Administrative Service and is batchmates with Shehzad Arbab, Tariq Bajwa and Sajjad Saleem Hotiana.