hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Katko v. Briney
Katko v. Briney, 183 N.W.2d 657 (Iowa 1971), is a court case decided by the Iowa Supreme Court, in which homeowners Edward and Bertha Briney were held liable for battery for injuries caused to trespasser Marvin Katko, who set off a spring gun set as a mantrap in an uninhabited house on their property. The case thereafter received wide attention in legal circles, becoming a staple of tort law casebooks and law school courses.

Spring-gun
A spring-gun, also known as a booby trap gun, is a gun, often a shotgun, rigged to fire when a string or other triggering device is tripped by contact of sufficient force to "spring" the trigger so that anyone stumbling over or treading on it would discharge the gun. Setting or maintaining a spring-gun is illegal in many places.
Roman Theatre at Palmyra
The Roman Theatre at Palmyra (Arabic: مسرح تدمر, romanized: Masraḥ Tadmur, lit. 'Palmyra Theatre') is a Roman theatre in ancient Palmyra in the Syrian Desert. The unfinished theatre dates back to the second-century CE Severan period. The theatre's remains have since been restored. It was occupied by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in  May 2015 and recaptured by the government forces in March 2016 with the support of Russian airstrikes.

Palmyra offensive (May 2015)
The Palmyra offensive of May 2015 was a military operation launched during the Syrian Civil War by the Islamic State (IS) on May 13–26, 2015, in an attempt to capture the government-held Tadmur District of the Homs Governorate, including the administrative centre of Tadmur, known in English as Palmyra. The ruins and ancient monuments of Palmyra, which lie on the south-western fringe of the modern city, have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980. The ruins were part of a desert oasis that was one of the most significant cultural centers of the ancient world, linking the civilizations of Persia, India, China with the Roman Empire through trade. The offensive was one of the largest offensives launched by ISIL, the largest one conducted by ISIL in Syria since the 2014 Eastern Syria offensive, with the result of the offensive increasing ISIL's control of Syria to at least 50%.
Piverone
Piverone is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Turin.

Piverone borders the following municipalities: Palazzo Canavese, Zimone, Magnano, Albiano d'Ivrea, Azeglio, and Viverone.

Metropolitan City of Turin
The Metropolitan City of Turin (Italian: città metropolitana di Torino; Piedmontese: sità metropolitan-a 'd Turin) is a metropolitan city in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Turin. It replaced the province of Turin and comprises 312 comuni (sg.: comune). It was created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and established by the Law 56/2014. It has been officially operating since 1 January 2015. With a population of 2,204,276, it is the 4th most populous metropolitan city in Italy.

The Metropolitan City of Turin is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and by the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 27 October 2021, Stefano Lo Russo has served as the mayor of the capital city, succeeding Chiara Appendino. The largest metropolitan city of Italy, it is the only one to border a foreign state, France.
Illinois Medical District station
Illinois Medical District is a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, serving the Blue Line's Forest Park branch. It is located in the median of the Eisenhower Expressway. Prior to June 25, 2006, the station was known as Medical Center. As the name implies, it primarily serves the Illinois Medical District and Tri-Taylor neighborhood, but is also close to the United Center, home of the Chicago Bulls and Chicago Blackhawks sports teams. The station has three entrances; one at Damen Avenue, one at Ogden Avenue, and one at Paulina Street, a block west of Ashland Avenue.

Ashland Avenue
Ashland Avenue is a north-south street in Chicago, in whose grid system it is designated as 1600W. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) west of State Street, the city's north-south baseline. It is one of the major streets on the city's west side.
Jordan Burroughs
Jordan Ernest Burroughs (born July 8, 1988) is an American freestyle wrestler and former folkstyle wrestler who currently competes at 74 kilograms.

In freestyle, Burroughs was the 2012 Olympic gold medalist, and is a six-time world champion (nine-time medalist), three-time Pan American Games gold medalist, multiple-time gold medalist in international tournaments, and a twelve-time US Olympic or World Team Member. He holds the record for the most Olympic and World Championships in American history, and is considered one of the greatest freestyle wrestlers of all time.

In folkstyle, Burroughs was a two-time NCAA Division I National champion for the Nebraska Cornhuskers and was awarded the Dan Hodge Trophy in 2011.

Nick Marable
Nick Marable (born May 7, 1987) of Collierville, Tennessee, is an American former freestyle wrestler for Sunkist Kids Wrestling Club. He represented the United States at the 2014 World Wrestling Championships. Marable later served as the assistant wrestling coach for West Virginia University.
Vulvodynia
Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition that affects the vulvar area and occurs without an identifiable cause. Symptoms typically include a feeling of burning or irritation. It has been established by the ISSVD that for the diagnosis to be made symptoms must last at least three months.

International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease
The International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) is a non-profit organization that was founded in 1970 at the Sixth World Congress of the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (FIGO) in New York City. It is composed of health care professionals from different areas, including, gynecologists, dermatologists, general practitioners, physiotherapist, nurse practitioners, etc. devoted to the study, investigation, and treatment of vulvovaginal diseases.

The ISSVD regularly promotes and develops terminology, classification, and guidelines concerning these conditions. These include, among others: vulvar dermatosis (lichen sclerosus, lichen planus), vulvar pain (vulvodynia), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, etc. More recently, a guideline concerning female cosmetic genital surgery was published.
Journal of Animal Ecology
The Journal of Animal Ecology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research in all areas of animal ecology. It began publication in 1932, and as such is the second oldest journal of the British Ecological Society (after Journal of Ecology).  Its first Editor was Charles Elton,  with A. D. Middleton as Assistant Editor.  It is currently edited by Nate Sanders (University of Michigan), Lesley Lancaster (University of Aberdeen), Darren Evans (Newcastle University) and Ana M. C. Santos (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)

Charles Sutherland Elton
Charles Sutherland Elton FRS (29 March 1900 – 1 May 1991) was an English zoologist and animal ecologist. He is associated with the development of population and community ecology, including studies of invasive organisms.
Hitaffer v. Argonne Co.
Hitaffer v. Argonne Co., 183 F.2d 811 (D.C. Cir. 1950), was a case decided by the D.C. Circuit that first recognized a wife's right to bring a cause of action for loss of consortium.

The plaintiff's husband had been injured at work, and had received compensation, however his injuries had left the married couple unable to enjoy sexual relations. The wife filed for additional damages on grounds of loss of consortium, but the defendant argued that a wife could not suffer loss of consortium.

Loss of consortium
Loss of consortium is a term used in the law of torts that refers to the deprivation of the benefits of a family relationship due to injuries caused by a tortfeasor. In this context, the word consortium means "(the right of) association and fellowship between two married people". Damages may be claimed under three theories: incurred medical costs or those yet to be incurred by the plaintiff, the loss of an injured spouse's services, and loss of society (within certain parameters).

The common law rule of consortium has been amended or abolished by statute in many jurisdictions. The availability of loss of consortium differs drastically among common law jurisdictions and does not exist at all in several of them. Damages for loss of consortium are considered separately from, and are not to be confused with compensatory damages.
Buckeye Local School District (Jefferson County)
Buckeye Local School District is a public school district based in Dillonvale, Ohio, United States. The school district includes all of  Mount Pleasant, Smithfield, Warren, and Wells townships in southern Jefferson County as well as very small portions of Cross Creek, Steubenville, and Wayne townships in central Jefferson County. A portion of Short Creek Township in southeastern Harrison County and Pease Township in northeastern Belmont County also lie within the district.

Nine incorporated villages are served by Buckeye Local Schools: Adena, Dillonvale, Harrisville, Mount Pleasant, New Alexandria, Rayland, Smithfield, Tiltonsville, and Yorkville. Notable unincorporated communities in the district include Brilliant, Connorville, Greentown, Hopewell, Piney Fork, and Weems.

Greentown, Jefferson County, Ohio
Greentown is an unincorporated community in eastern Smithfield Township, Jefferson County, Ohio, United States. It lies approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Smithfield, on a small road. Part of the Dry Fork of Short Creek, a stream that meets the Ohio River at Rayland, flows past the community. It is located 11.7 miles (18.8 km) southwest of Steubenville, the county seat of Jefferson County. The community is part of the Weirton–Steubenville, WV-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bełk, Silesian Voivodeship
Bełk [bɛu̯k] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerwionka-Leszczyny, within Rybnik County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The village has an area of 15.43 km2 (5.96 sq mi) and a population of 3,358.

Gmina Czerwionka-Leszczyny
Gmina Czerwionka-Leszczyny is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Rybnik County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Czerwionka-Leszczyny, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Rybnik and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 115.65 square kilometres (44.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 42,152.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Rudy Landscape Park.
Pittsburgh Stars
The Pittsburgh (or Pittsburg) Stars were a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1902. The team was a member of the first National Football League, which has no connection with the modern National Football League. The league was a curious mixture of baseball and football, with two of the three teams (Philadelphia Athletics and Philadelphia Phillies) sponsored by the major league baseball teams of the same names, and the Pittsburgh team suspected of being secretly financed by baseball's Pittsburgh Pirates. The Stars were managed by Dave Berry, previously the manager of the Latrobe Athletic Association professional football team.

The Stars won the league championship in the league's only season of existence.

Dave Berry (American football)
David J. Berry (May 1870 – November 10, 1928) was an American football manager during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the top promoter for the sport during that time period. He is credited with inventing the "all-star game concept" in 1898, and also helped to form one of the first organized football leagues in 1902.
1902 Home Nations Championship
The 1902 Home Nations Championship was the twentieth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 11 January and 15 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

Wales won both the Championship and the Triple Crown, both for the third time in the country's history. After winning the Triple Crown the year before, Scotland disappointed by losing all three games of the 1902 tournament.

Harry Corley
Harry Cecil Corley (15 August 1878 – February 1936), also known as Harry Hegarty Corley was an Irish sportsman and sport official. Corley played both cricket and rugby union at an international level, and later in his life became a rugby referee.
Arrillaga Musical College
Arrillaga Musical College was a music college in San Francisco. The school was established  and directed by pianist Santiago Arrillaga Ansola, a Basque immigrant. After his death it was run by his son Vincent. Fernando Michelena (1858–1921), a Venezuelan born tenor and the father of Vera Michelena and Beatriz Michelena, also served as its president. It was located at 2315 Jackson Street.

Arrillaga came to San Francisco in 1875. San Francisco developed a significant Basque presence with hotels and musical venues.

Alumni included Howard E. Couper A.M.

The Musical Courier reported on performances at the 1918 commencement. A separate writeup in the same issue described the school as having its own building, an "imposing faculty", and many pupils.

Vera Michelena
Vera Michelena (June 16, 1885 – August 28, 1961) was an American actress, contralto prima donna and dancer who appeared in light opera, musical comedy, vaudeville and silent film. She was perhaps best remembered for her starring roles in the  musicals The Princess Chic, Flo Flo and The Waltz Dream, her rendition of the vampire dance in the musical Take It from Me and as a Ziegfeld Follies performer.
Synchysis
Synchysis is a rhetorical technique wherein words are intentionally scattered to create bewilderment, or for some other purpose. By disrupting the normal course of a sentence, it forces the audience to consider the meaning of the words and the relationship between them.

Golden line
The golden line is a type of Latin dactylic hexameter frequently mentioned in Latin classrooms and in contemporary scholarship about Latin poetry, but which apparently began as a verse-composition exercise in schools in early modern Britain.
Terry Murphy (broadcaster)
Terry Murphy is a television host and correspondent, best known for her nine years (1989–1998) anchoring the tabloid show Hard Copy and, since 2003, reporting for the entertainment show Extra. Previously, she was a news anchor at WLS-TV in Chicago (1976–1980), and at KNXT/KCBS-TV (1980–1984) and KABC-TV (1984–1987), both in Los Angeles; she later returned to KCBS (1987–1989) before moving on to Hard Copy. Terry Murphy also worked for WJBK-TV (CBS) Detroit in the early 1970s. She appeared in a natural acting role as herself, on Married... with Children in the episode "Shoeway to Heaven" (1994).

Extra (American TV program)
Extra (originally titled Extra: The Entertainment Magazine from 1994 to 1996) is an American syndicated news broadcasting newsmagazine that is distributed by Warner Bros. Television Distribution and premiered on September 5, 1994. The program serves as a straight rundown of news headlines and gossip throughout the entertainment industry, providing coverage of events and celebrities; however, since 2013, it has also placed an even greater emphasis on interviews and insider previews of upcoming film and television projects. As of 2025, the program's weekday broadcasts are anchored by Derek Hough, with the weekend editions co-anchored by Mona Kosar Abdi.
Shiloh, Madison County, Georgia
Shiloh is an unincorporated settlement in Madison County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.  It is a crossroads at the intersection of Highway 174 and Jones Chapel–Shiloh Road/Shiloh–Fort Lamar Road five miles (8 km) northeast of Ila.

Shiloh is popularly known as Coonrod, and was also formerly known as Norcross, from the Norcross School, which closed in 1948, which was "north of the crossroads".

Madison County, Georgia
Madison County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,120. The county seat is Danielsville. The county was created on December 5, 1811. The county's largest city is Comer with a population of 1,200. Madison County was included in the Athens–Clarke County metropolitan area, which is included in the Atlanta–Athens–Clarke County–Sandy Springs CSA.
The Miser (Fielding play)
The Miser is a 1733 comedy play by the British writer Henry Fielding. It is an English-language adaptation of Molière's The Miser. It was a success, running for twenty five performances by May 1733.

The original Drury Lane cast included Benjamin Griffin as Lovegold, Roger Bridgewater as Frederick, William Mills as Clerimont, Theophilus Cibber Ramilie, James Oates as Decoy, Edward Berry as Sparke and Christiana Horton as Mariana.

William Mills (actor)
William Mills (1701–1750) was a British stage actor.

The son of veteran stage actor John Mills and his wife Margaret Mills, he was born in London and baptised at St Martin-in-the-Fields on 29 June 1701. Under his father's guidance he made his debut as a child actor in 1712.

Like his father, he was a long-standing member of the Drury Lane theatre company. He took part in the Actor Rebellion of 1733, and left to work at the Haymarket Theatre for a season before returning to Drury Lane. His last appearance was in The Merchant of Venice in February 1750 and he died two months later on 18 April, shortly before a benefit was to be staged for him, and was buried at St Martin-in-the-Fields.

He was married to the actress Theodosia Mills until her death in 1733, after which he married another actress Elizabeth Holliday. With his first wife he had a daughter also called Theodosia who likewise became an actress.
ECB Project
The Emergency Capacity Building Project (ECB Project) is a collaborative capacity-building project aimed at improving the speed, effectiveness and delivery of humanitarian response programs.  The ECB Project is a partnership between seven non-governmental organizations (NGOs) including CARE, International Rescue Committee, Catholic Relief Services, Mercy Corps, Oxfam, Save the Children, and World Vision, and implements programs in one region and four countries known as consortia (the Horn of Africa, Bolivia, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Niger).

Humanitarian Accountability Partnership International
Humanitarian Accountability Partnership International (HAP International), established in 2003, was the humanitarian sector's first international self-regulatory body. A multi-agency initiative working to improve the accountability of humanitarian action to people affected by disasters and other crises, HAP members ranged from organisations with a mandate for emergency relief and development activities to institutional donors. The organisation aimed to strengthen accountability towards those affected by crisis situations and to facilitate improved performance within the humanitarian sector. The ultimate goal of the organisation was to uphold the rights and the dignity of crisis-affected populations across the world.

HAP International merged with People In Aid on 9 June 2015 to form the CHS Alliance and no longer exists.
South Point, Ohio
South Point is a village in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 3,836 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area. It is the southern-most incorporated municipality in Ohio.

Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area
The Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area is a metropolitan area in the Appalachian Plateau region of the United States. Referred to locally as the "Tri-State area", and colloquially as "Kyova" (Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia), the region spans seven counties in the three states of Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia. With a population of 361,580, the Tri-State area is nestled along the banks of the Ohio River. The region offers a diverse range of outdoor activities.
Alumni Cantabrigienses
Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900 is a biographical register of former members of the University of Cambridge which was edited by the mathematician John Venn (1834–1923) and his son John Archibald Venn (1883–1958) and published by Cambridge University Press in ten volumes between 1922 and 1953. Over 130,000 individuals are covered, with more extended biographical detail provided for post-1751 matriculants.

John Venn
John Venn, FRS, FSA (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an English mathematician, logician and philosopher noted for introducing Venn diagrams, which are used in logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computer science. In 1866, Venn published The Logic of Chance, a groundbreaking book which espoused the frequency theory of probability, arguing that probability should be determined by how often something is forecast to occur as opposed to "educated" assumptions. Venn then further developed George Boole's theories in the 1881 work Symbolic Logic, where he highlighted what would become known as Venn diagrams.
Alabama Museum of Natural History
The Alabama Museum of Natural History is the state's natural history museum, located in Smith Hall at the University of Alabama campus in Tuscaloosa. The oldest museum in the state, it was founded in 1831.

The exhibits depict the natural diversity of Alabama from the Age of Dinosaurs, the Coal Age, and the Ice Age. Collections include items relating to geology, zoology, mineralogy, paleontology, ethnology, history, and photography. The Grand Gallery Exhibition Hall houses a replica of a Basilosaurus cetoides, an Eocene whale that has been designated as the State Fossil.

Exhibits include the skull of an American mastodon dredged from the Tombigbee River near Demopolis and the Hodges meteorite. The latter hit a woman as it fell to earth near Sylacauga on November 30, 1954. The museum sponsors expeditions throughout the year, as it has since 1979.

Sylacauga (meteorite)
The Sylacauga meteorite fell on November 30, 1954, at 12:46 p.m. local time (18:46 UT) in Oak Grove, Alabama, near Sylacauga, in the United States. It is also commonly called the Hodges meteorite because a fragment of it struck Ann Elizabeth Fowler Hodges (1920–1972).
Geoffrey de Havilland
Sir Geoffrey de Havilland, OM, CBE, AFC, RDI, FRAeS (27 July 1882 – 21 May 1965) was an English aviation pioneer and aerospace engineer who founded the aircraft company de Havilland. The company produced the Mosquito, which has been considered the most versatile warplane ever built, and his Comet was the first jet airliner to go into production.

Royal Aeronautical Society
The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a British multi-disciplinary professional institution dedicated to the global aerospace community. Founded in 1866, it is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Members, Fellows, and Companions of the society can use the post-nominal letters MRAeS, FRAeS, or CRAeS, respectively.