hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peruvian Communist Party
The Peruvian Communist Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Peruano; PCP) is a communist party in Peru that was founded as the Peruvian Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Peruano, PSP) in 1928 by a group led by José Carlos Mariátegui until its name change in 1930. In contemporary Peruvian politics, it is often referred to as the Peruvian Communist Party – Unity (Spanish: Partido Comunista Peruano – Unidad; PCP (Unidad)) to distinguish it from similarly named communist parties.

The PCP is headquartered at Ramón Castilla Square in Lima, and publishes Unidad ("Unity") and Nuestra Bandera ("Our Flag"). The party participates in the annual International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties (IMCWP).

International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
The International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP), also known as Solidnet, is an annual conference attended by communist and workers' parties from several countries. It originated in 1998 when the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) invited communist and workers' parties to participate in an annual conference where parties could gather to share their experiences and issue a joint declaration. The most recent and 23rd meeting of the IMCWP was held in October 2023 in İzmir and was hosted by the Communist Party of Turkey (TKP). The 24th meeting was scheduled to be held in Lebanon, hosted by the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) between 25–27 October 2024, but was postponed due to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
Former Arikabe-juku Honjin
The Former Arakabejuku Honjin (旧有壁宿本陣, Kyu-Arakabejuku honjin) is a former honjin on the Ōshū Kaidō highway connecting Edo with northern Mutsu Province in the Tōhoku region of Japan. It is located in what is now part of the city of Kurihara in Miyagi Prefecture. The site was given protection as a National National Historic Site in May 1971.

Kurihara, Miyagi
Kurihara (栗原市, Kurihara-shi) is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2020, the city had an estimated population of 66,565, and a population density of 83 persons per km2 in 24,994 households. The total area of the city is 804.97 square kilometres (310.80 sq mi). Parts of the city are within the borders of the Kurikoma Quasi-National Park.
Dornoch Cathedral
Dornoch Cathedral is a Church of Scotland parish church serving the small Sutherland town of Dornoch, in the Scottish Highlands. Despite its name, the church is no longer a cathedral as it is a church of the Church of Scotland but retains the name due to being, historically, the seat of the Bishop of Caithness.The cathedral's churchyard is adjoined by Dornoch Castle, the somewhat reconstructed remains of the medieval palace of the Bishops of Caithness. It was formerly a Catholic cathedral.

Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland
Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland (née Sutherland; 24 May 1765 – 29 January 1839), also suo jure 19th Countess of Sutherland, was a Scottish noblewoman who married into the Leveson-Gower family, best remembered for her involvement in the Highland Clearances.

In 1803, her husband inherited the income from the highly profitable Bridgewater Canal. This greatly increased his wealth, being described by Charles Greville as "the leviathan of wealth", with the belief that he was "the richest man who ever died" (his exact wealth at the time of his death was unknown, though undeniably very large). It is this wealth that allowed Lady Sutherland to embark on the substantial changes to the Sutherland estate that were part of the Highland Clearances.
Rape of the Sabine women
The rape of the Sabine women (Latin: Sabinae raptae, Classical pronunciation: [saˈbiːnae̯ ˈraptae̯]; lit. 'the kidnapped Sabine women'), also known as the abduction of the Sabine women or the kidnapping of the Sabine women, was an incident in the early history of Rome in which the men of Rome committed bride kidnappings or mass abduction for the purpose of marriage, of women from other cities in the region. It has been a frequent subject of painters and sculptors, particularly since the Renaissance.

The word "rape" (cognate with rapto in Portuguese, rapto in Spanish, ratto, in Italian, meaning "bride kidnap") is the conventional translation of the Latin word raptio used in the ancient accounts of the incident. The Latin word means "taking", "abduction" or "kidnapping", but when used with women as its object, sexual assault is usually implied.

Sabines
The Sabines (US: /ˈseɪbaɪnz/, SAY-bynes, UK: /ˈsæbaɪnz/, SAB-eyens; Latin: Sabini) were an Italic people who lived in the central Apennine Mountains (see Sabina) of the ancient Italian Peninsula, also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome.

The Sabines divided into two populations just after the founding of Rome, which is described by Roman legend. The division, however it came about, is not legendary. The population closer to Rome transplanted itself to the new city and united with the preexisting citizenry, beginning a new heritage that descended from the Sabines but was also Latinized. The second population remained a mountain tribal state, coming finally to war against Rome for its independence along with all the other Italic tribes. Afterwards, it became assimilated into the Roman Republic.
Concord School House (Philadelphia)
The Concord School House is a historic one-room schoolhouse in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is operated today as a museum. It is part of the Colonial Germantown Historic District which was named a National Historic Landmark District in 1965.

Built in 1775 by Jacob Knorr (or Knor), Concord was the first English-language school in Germantown, which was then a separate town about six miles northwest of Philadelphia. It is built on the corner of the Upper Burial Ground at Washington Lane and Germantown Avenue. It opened to students in October 1775, and served as a school room until at least 1889.

Germantown, Philadelphia
Germantown (German: Deutschstadt [ˈdɔʏtʃˌʃtat]) is an area in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded by Palatine, Quaker, and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: Germantown and East Germantown.

Germantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement, the site of a Revolutionary War battle, the temporary residence of George Washington, the location of the first bank of the United States, and the residence of many notable politicians, scholars, artists, and social activists.

Today, the area remains rich in historic sites and buildings from the colonial era, some of which are open to the public.
Joan Sutherland
Dame Joan Alston Sutherland (7 November 1926 – 10 October 2010) was an Australian dramatic coloratura soprano known for her contribution to the renaissance of the bel canto repertoire from the late 1950s to the 1980s.

She possessed a voice combining agility, accurate intonation, pinpoint staccatos, a trill and a strong upper register, although music critics complained about her poor diction.

Sutherland was the first Australian to win a Grammy Award, for the year 1961 Best Classical Performance – Vocal Soloist (with or without orchestra) presented in 1962.

She was known as La Stupenda (Italian for 'The Stupendous One') and is widely regarded as one of the greatest sopranos of all time.

Giulio Cesare
Giulio Cesare in Egitto (Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo ˈtʃeːzare in eˈdʒitto, - ˈtʃɛː-]; lit. 'Julius Caesar in Egypt'; HWV 17), commonly known as Giulio Cesare, is a dramma per musica (opera seria) in three acts composed by George Frideric Handel for the Royal Academy of Music in 1724. The libretto was written by Nicola Francesco Haym who used an earlier libretto by Giacomo Francesco Bussani, which had been set to music by Antonio Sartorio (1676). The opera was a success at its first performances, was frequently revived by Handel in his subsequent opera seasons and is now one of the most often performed Baroque operas.

The opera's plot is loosely based on historical events during the Roman Civil War of 49–45 BC.
Washington Monument State Park
Washington Monument State Park is a public recreation area located approximately one mile (1.6 km) southeast of Boonsboro, Maryland. The park preserves the Washington Monument, a 40-foot-tall (12 m) tower honoring George Washington, the first President of the United States. The monument sits along the Appalachian Trail near the summit of South Mountain's Monument Knob. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The park is managed by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources.

South Mountain (Maryland and Pennsylvania)
South Mountain is the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountain range into Maryland and Pennsylvania. From the Potomac River near Knoxville, Maryland in the south to Dillsburg, Pennsylvania in York County, Pennsylvania in the north, the 70-mile-long (110 km) range separates the Hagerstown and Cumberland valleys from the Piedmont regions of the two states.

The Appalachian Trail follows the crest of the mountain through Maryland and a portion of Pennsylvania.
Indonesian National Party – Marhaenist Front
The Indonesian National Party – Marhaenist Front (Indonesian: Partai Nasional Indonesia – Front Marhaenis, PNI-FM)) was one of several political parties vying to inherit the legacy of the original PNI, along with Indonesian National Party – Marhaen Masses (PNI-MM) and PNI Supeni. Established in Jakarta on 10 February 1999, PNI-FM was one of the participants of the 1999 legislative election. However, similar to many other parties that participated in the election, PNI-FM failed to qualify for the 2004 legislative election and was subsequently disbanded in the same year.

Indonesian National Party
The Indonesian National Party (Indonesian: Partai Nasional Indonesia, abbr.  PNI) was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until 1973. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, the new PNI supplied a number of prime ministers, and participated in the majority of cabinets in the 1950s and 1960s. The party was fused into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973. In the years following the reforms of the late 1990s, a number of parties claiming to be the continuation of previous PNIs stood in elections, but gained only a handful of seats.
Oxygen radical absorbance capacity
Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was a method of measuring antioxidant capacities in biological samples in vitro. Because no physiological proof in vivo existed in support of the free-radical theory or that ORAC provided information relevant to biological antioxidant potential, it was withdrawn in 2012.

Various foods were tested using this method, with certain spices, berries and legumes rated highly in extensive tables once published by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Alternative measurements include the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay.

Polyphenol
Polyphenols (/ˌpɒliˈfiːnoʊl, -nɒl/) are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. Polyphenols include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for tanning garments.
Citrumelo
Citrumelo (× Citroncirus spp.) is also called Swingle citrumelo trifoliate hybrid, because it is cold hardy and is a hybrid between a 'Duncan' grapefruit and a trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), developed by Walter Tennyson Swingle.

Citrumelo is widely employed as a citrus rootstock, being resistant to the severe citrus tristeza virus and to phytophthora root rot as well as to blight, cold, and citrus nematode. The trees can survive temperatures into the teens (Fahrenheit); one specimen in North Carolina reportedly survived temperatures below zero Fahrenheit.

The fruit are yellow, and up to 4 inches across in size. Their taste is described as "like a cross between a lemon and a grapefruit", or "if sprinkled with sugar [then] like an ordinary grapefruit, harvested perhaps a bit too early".

Trifoliate orange
The trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata  (syn. Poncirus trifoliata), is a member of the family Rutaceae. Whether the trifoliate oranges should be considered to belong to their own genus, Poncirus, or be included in the genus Citrus is debated. The species is unusual among citrus for having deciduous, compound leaves and pubescent (downy) fruit.

It is native to northern China and Korea, and is also known as the Japanese bitter-orange (karatachi), hardy orange or Chinese bitter orange.

The plant is a fairly cold-hardy citrus (USDA zone 6) and will tolerate moderate frost and snow, making a large shrub or small tree 4–8 m (13–26 ft) tall. Because of its relative hardiness, citrus grafted onto Citrus trifoliata are usually hardier than when grown on their own roots.
Centre of Advanced Studies on Contemporary China
The Centre of Advanced Studies on Contemporary China (CASCC) is a research institute headquartered in Turin, Italy. It is incorporated as a private foundation, established by the University of Turin, the University of Eastern Piedmont, the Politecnico of Torino, the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and several other public and private institutions. The CASCC has strong collaboration with the China-EU Law School.

University of Turin
The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe and continues to play an important role in research and training.
Boryza (city)
Boryza was a Persian city in Thrace (Achaemenid satrapy of Skudra) founded by King Darius the Great (r. 522–486 BC). Hecataeus of Miletus (died c. 476 BC) mentioned Boryza as being located in the land of the Thynians on the southwestern Black Sea coast to the north of Byzantium, modern day Bulgaria and Turkey. The city was also mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium (fl. 6th century AD). According to the modern historian Miroslav Izdimirski, Boryza must have been the residence of a Persian hyparch.

Boryza's precise location remains unknown and the date of its foundation is debated; it was either founded before or during Darius's European Scythian campaign.

Skudra
Skudra (Old Persian: 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼, romanized: Skudra) was a province (satrapy) of the Persian Achaemenid Empire in Europe between 510s BC and 479 BC. Its name is attested in Persian and Egyptian inscriptions (an Egyptian record of c. 498–497 BC, and a list on the tomb of Darius the Great at Naqsh-e Rustam, c. 486 BC. It is believed to have comprised the lands now known as Thrace and Macedon.
Hokaglish
Hokaglish (/ˈhɒkəɡlɪʃ/; Chinese: 相濫摻話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Saⁿ-lām-chham-ōe; Tâi-lô: sann-lām-tsham-uē; IPA: [sã˧˧lam˦˩→˨˩t͡sʰam˧˧ue˦˩]), formally known as Philippine Hybrid Hokkien, is a spoken language formed from contact primarily from Philippine Hokkien, Tagalog and Philippine English, with some influence from Philippine Spanish, Cantonese, and other local peripheral languages.

Taglish
Taglish or Englog is code-switching and/or code-mixing in the use of Tagalog and English, the most common languages of the Philippines. The words Taglish and Englog are portmanteaus of the words Tagalog and English. The earliest use of the word Taglish dates back to 1973, while the less common form Tanglish is recorded from 1999.

Taglish is widely used in the Philippines, but is also used by Filipinos in overseas communities. It also has several variants, including Coño English, Jejemon and Swardspeak.
Rospigliosi Castle
Rospigliosi Castle (Spanish: Castillo Rospigliosi) is a castle and museum in the neighbourhood of Santa Beatriz in Lima District, Lima, Peru. Since 1959, part of the castle is occupied by the Aeronautical Museum of Peru (Spanish: Museo Aeronáutico del Perú), previously housed at Las Palmas Air Base.

Santa Beatriz
Santa Beatriz is a neighbourhood in Lima District. It is the southernmost area of the district. It limits to the north, with the historic centre of Lima; to the east, with La Victoria; to the south, with Lince; and to the west, with Jesús María.

During the early 20th century, it housed important figures of Peruvian literature.
Primskovo
Primskovo (pronounced [ˈpɾiːmskɔʋɔ]; German: Primskau) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Primskovo is also the name of the local parish church and the collective name for the area covering a number of settlements in the surrounding area, including Dolnji Vrh, Gornji Vrh, Gradišče, Ježce, Kamni Vrh pri Primskovem, Mihelca, Mišji Dol, Poljane pri Primskovem, Sevno, Stara Gora, and Zagrič.

Poljane pri Primskovem
Poljane pri Primskovem (pronounced [pɔˈljaːnɛ pɾi ˈpɾiːmskɔʋɛm]; German: Polane) is a small dispersed settlement in the Primskovo area in central Slovenia. It belongs to the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Charon, Louisiana
Charon (also spelled "Charogne") is an unincorporated community in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is part of the Abbeville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Charon is located at 30°01′18″N 92°01′23″W﻿ / ﻿30.02167°N 92.02306°W﻿ / 30.02167; -92.02306 (30.021593, -92.023178) at the intersection of Louisiana highways 338 and 339, north of the town of Erath, and consists of the southern part of the LeBlanc Community.

Vermilion Parish, Louisiana
Vermilion Parish (French: Paroisse de Vermillion) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana, created in 1844. The parish seat is Abbeville. Vermilion Parish is part of the Lafayette metropolitan statistical area, and located in southern Acadiana. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 57,359.

In the past several decades, much of the southern portion of the parish has been swept away by water erosion, especially after Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita in 2005.
B2K
B2K (Boys of the New Millennium) is an American boy band active from 1998 to 2004 and 2018 to 2019, and having re-formed again in 2025. In 1998, the group was formed by American dance choreographer Dave Scott and Interscope A&R Keshia Gamble. The members consisted of Lil' Fizz, J-Boog, Raz-B, and Omarion. The group released their self-titled debut album on March 12, 2002. The album peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and number one on the U.S. Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On 10 June 2025, it was reported that the group had announced a reunion tour for 2026.

B2K (album)
B2K is the debut studio album by American boy band B2K. It was released by Epic Records on March 12, 2002 in the United States. The album debuted number 2 on the Billboard 200 and number 1 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Chart selling 109,000 copies in the first week.
Kaskaskia, Illinois
Kaskaskia is a village in Randolph County, Illinois, on the west side of the Mississippi River. The population of Kaskaskia was 21 in the 2020 United States census, making it the third-least populous incorporated community in Illinois behind Valley City (pop. 14) and Florence (pop. 17). Kaskaskia has an Illinois telephone area code (618) and a Missouri ZIP Code (63673). Its roads are maintained by Illinois Department of Transportation, and its few residents vote in Illinois elections. The town was evacuated in the Great Flood of 1993, which covered it with water more than 9 ft (3 m) deep.

Kaskaskia Bell State Memorial
Kaskaskia Bell State Memorial is a monument located in Kaskaskia, Illinois containing the Kaskaskia Bell, also known as "The Liberty Bell of the West," a gift from King Louis XV of France to the Catholic Church of New France. The 140-pound bell was cast in 1741 in La Rochelle, France. George Rogers Clark took Kaskaskia from the British on July 4, 1778, and the bell was rung in celebration. From then on, it was known as the Liberty Bell of the West. The building housing the bell was built in 1948. An audio program has been added sharing the history of the bell with visitors. The bell was washed away from its stand during both the Flood of 1973 and the Great Flood of 1993, widening the hairline crack discovered in 1948. As a result, the bell can no longer be rung, although Independence Day ceremonies are still held. The site is maintained by the Illinois Historic Preservation Division.
Kalmusia
Kalmusia is a genus of fungi in the family Didymosphaeriaceae. The genus was formerly placed in family Montagnulaceae, before that was dissolved. The widespread, genus was estimated to contain about 12 species in 2008, which has increased to 29 species in 2023.

The genus name of Kalmusia is in honour of Jakub Kalmus (1834 - 1870), who was a Bohemian doctor and Cryptogam researcher, who was a friend of the plant author.

The genus was circumscribed by Gustav Niessl von Mayendorf in Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn vol.10 on page 204 in 1872.

Didymosphaeriaceae
The Didymosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. The family was erected by Anders Munk in 1953.

Taxa have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are saprobic in both woody and herbaceous plants. Some species are parasitic on other fungi. The validity of the family as a distinct taxonomic unit was questioned in a 2014 publication that suggested that the genera Appendispora, Phaeodothis, Roussoella, and Verruculina should be moved into other families.

The type genus is Didymosphaeria, circumscribed by Karl Wilhelm Gottlieb Leopold Fuckel in 1870.
Carimate
Carimate (Brianzöö: Carimaa [kariˈmaː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Como. As of 9 September 2025, it had a population of 4,366 and an area of 5.2 square kilometres (2.0 mi2).

The municipality of Carimate contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Cascina Valle-Stazione di Carimate and Montesolaro.

Carimate borders the following municipalities: Cantù, Cermenate, Figino Serenza, Lentate sul Seveso, Novedrate.

Carimate is served by Carimate railway station. One of the landmarks is the hotel and former castle, Castello di Carimate.

Among the local churches is the parish church of San Giorgio e dell'Immacolata Concezione.

Cermenate
Cermenate (Brianzöö: Cermenaa [tʃermeˈnaː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Como.

Cermenate borders the following municipalities: Bregnano, Cantù, Carimate, Lazzate, Lentate sul Seveso, Vertemate con Minoprio.

Cermenate is served by Cantù-Cermenate railway station.

Among the churches are San Vito e Modesto.
Nanophyllium
Nanophyllium is a genus of leaf insects comprising 11 species, found in Australia, Papua New Guinea, Southern Indonesia, and the Indian Subcontinent. Not much is known about this genus, primarily due to their remote habitats and elusive appearance.

Phylliidae
The family Phylliidae (often misspelled Phyllidae) contains the extant true leaf insects or walking leaves, which include some of the most remarkably camouflaged leaf mimics (mimesis) in the entire animal kingdom. They occur from South Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia. Earlier sources treat Phylliidae as a much larger taxon, containing genera in what are presently considered to be several different families.