hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SIGABA
In the history of cryptography, the ECM Mark II was a cipher machine used by the United States for message encryption from World War II until the 1950s. The machine was also known as the SIGABA or Converter M-134 by the Army, or CSP-888/889 by the Navy, and a modified Navy version was termed the CSP-2900.

Like many machines of the era it used an electromechanical system of rotors to encipher messages, but with a number of security improvements over previous designs. No successful cryptanalysis of the machine during its service lifetime is publicly known.

Rotor machine
In cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting messages. Rotor machines were the cryptographic state-of-the-art for much of the 20th century; they were in widespread use from the 1920s to the 1970s. The most famous example is the German Enigma machine, the output of which was deciphered by the Allies during World War II,  producing intelligence code-named Ultra.
Ypsilanti High School
Ypsilanti High School (YHS), commonly known as Ypsi High, was a public school located in Ypsilanti Township, Michigan. A comprehensive high school serving 9–12th grades, it was located on the western edge of the Ypsilanti Public School District at the corner of Packard and Hewitt Roads.

When the Willow Run and Ypsilanti school districts merged to become Ypsilanti Community Schools in 2013, YHS's current campus became the newly merged district's high school: Ypsilanti Community High School.

Ypsilanti Public School District
The Ypsilanti Public School District was a public school district in Ypsilanti Township, Michigan, and serving Ypsilanti and portions of Ypsilanti and Superior townships. Its State of Michigan School District code was 81020. It merged with Willow Run Community Schools and formed Ypsilanti Community Schools in 2013.
Chris Argyris
Chris Argyris (pronounced AHR-JUR-ris) (July 16, 1923 – November 16, 2013) was an American business theorist and professor at Yale School of Management and Harvard Business School. Argyris, like Richard Beckhard, Edgar Schein and Warren Bennis, is known as a pioneer of organization development, and known for seminal work on learning organizations.

Donald Schön
Donald Alan Schön (September 19, 1930 – September 13, 1997) was an American philosopher and professor in urban planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He developed the concept of reflective practice and contributed to the theory of organizational learning.
Martin Evans (model engineer)
Martin Evans (1916 – 29 December 2003) was influential in the field of model engineering and locomotive design, and also worked as the technical editor and eventually managing editor of the English magazine Model Engineer. His editorship, along with other changes in staff, helped keep the magazine on track after experiencing some decline following the death of locomotive designer Curly Lawrence. Evans inaugurated the International Model Locomotive Efficiency Competition (IMLEC) in 1969. An erudite editor, Evans worked with a pool of other knowledgeable contributors during a time considered to be the height of British toolroom engineering. Evans retired from the magazine in June 1977, continuing his concentration on locomotive design. He died December 29, 2003.

Curly Lawrence
Lillian "Curly" Lawrence (September 27, 1883 – November 4, 1967), known as LBSC, was one of Britain's most prolific and well known model or scale-steam-locomotive designers. LBSC were the initials of Britain's London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, where she was once employed as a cleaner.
Salah el-Dine Tarazi
Salah El-Dine Tarazi (Arabic: صلاح الدين ترزي, romanized: Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Tarazī; 24 December 1917 –  4 October 1980 in) was a Syrian lawyer and diplomat. He represented his homeland at the meetings of the General Assembly of the United Nations and as an ambassador to various countries. He served as a judge at the International Court of Justice from 1976 until his death.

Permanent Representative of Syria to the United Nations
The Permanent Representative of Syria to the United Nations is Syria's foremost diplomatic representative at the United Nations and the head of the Permanent Mission of the Syrian Arab Republic in New York City.
Hollinwood Branch Canal
53°28′40″N 2°09′01″W﻿ / ﻿53.4778°N 2.1502°W﻿ / 53.4778; -2.1502

The Hollinwood Branch Canal was a canal near Hollinwood, in Oldham, England. It left the main line of the Ashton Canal at Fairfield Junction immediately above lock 18. It was just over 4.5 miles (7.2 km) long and went through Droylsden and Waterhouses to terminate at Hollinwood Basin (Hollinwood Top Wharf). It rose through four locks at Waterhouses (19–22) and another four at Hollinwood (23–26). Immediately above lock 22 at Waterhouses was Fairbottom Junction where the Fairbottom Branch Canal started. Beyond Hollinwood Basin there was a lock free private branch, known as the Werneth Branch Canal, to Old Lane Colliery, which opened in 1797. It is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Local Nature Reserve.

Hollinwood, Greater Manchester
Hollinwood is an area and electoral ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The population at the 2011 census was 10,920.

Bisected by the A62 road, Hollinwood is southwest of Oldham, contiguous with the towns of Chadderton and Failsworth, at Junction 22 of the M60 motorway.
Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.

Royal Cemetery at Ur
The Royal Cemetery at Ur is an archaeological site in modern-day Dhi Qar Governorate in southern Iraq. The initial excavations at Ur took place between 1922 and 1934 under the direction of Leonard Woolley in association with the British Museum and the University of Pennsylvania  Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Many finds are now in museums, especially the Iraq Museum, Baghdad and the British Museum.
Tobi 3
Tobi 2 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 4

The third day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 29, of the Julian calendar, and January 11, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.

Tobi 4
Tobi 3 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 5

The fourth day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 30, of the Julian calendar, and January 12, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.
Soda Lakes
The Soda Lakes are two lakes located northwest of Fallon, Nevada. They occupy two basaltic maar volcano craters which may have erupted in the last 1,500 years. The larger lake, called Soda Lake or Big Soda Lake, is somewhat elongated, stretching 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) in length. The smaller one, Little Soda Lake, is 200 meters (660 ft) across. Considered to be a single volcano, the combined craters are young enough that future activity cannot be ruled out. A geothermal power plant is located on the northeast flank of the volcano.

A significant increase in level of Big Soda Lake occurred in the early 20th century due to increased groundwater table. It became a meromictic lake where the deeper water no longer mixes with surface waters. New tufa formations have served as a rare research example of tufa's rate of growth within a century.

Lahontan Valley
The Lahontan Valley is a basin in Churchill County, Nevada, United States. The valley is a landform of the central portion of the prehistoric Lake Lahontan's lakebed of 20,000-9,000 years ago. The valley and the adjacent Carson Sink represent a small portion of the lake bed. Humboldt Lake is to the valley's northeast. Pyramid Lake is west. Walker Lake is to the south. The valley is part of the larger Great Basin Desert, however during the California Gold Rush the valley was often called the Forty Mile Desert.
Shizuto Masunaga
Shizuto Masunaga (増永 静人, Masunaga Shizuto; 1925–1981) was a Japanese Shiatsu practitioner and author of books on Shiatsu.

He was born in June 1925 in Kure, Hiroshima and graduated in psychology from Kyoto University in 1949. In 1959, he graduated from the Japan Shiatsu College and went on to teach psychology and shiatsu at the college.  At the same time, he was professor of psychology at Tokyo University. Masunaga grew up in a family of shiatsu practitioners, with his mother having studied with Tamai Tempaku, originator of the term shiatsu and author of "Shiatsu Ho" ("finger pressure method"). He founded Zen Shiatsu and the Iokai Shiatsu Center school in Taitō. Masunaga is the author of Shiatsu (Japanese title), which became Zen Shiatsu when translated into English by Wataru Ohashi and published in North America and Europe in 1977.  He also wrote several other Shiatsu books.  He died at the age of 57 on July 7, 1981 of colorectal cancer.

Shiatsu
Shiatsu (/ʃiˈæts-, -ˈɑːtsuː/ shee-AT-, -⁠AHT-soo; 指圧) is a form of Japanese bodywork based on concepts in traditional Chinese medicine such as qi meridians. Having been popularized in the twentieth century by Tokujiro Namikoshi (1905–2000), shiatsu derives from the older Japanese massage modality called anma.

There is no scientific evidence that shiatsu will prevent or cure any disease. Although it is considered a generally safe treatment — if sometimes painful — there have been reports of adverse health effects arising from its use, a few of them serious.
Devlin Fieldhouse
Avron B. Fogelman Arena in Devlin Fieldhouse is a 4,100-seat, multi-purpose arena built in 1933 on Tulane University's Uptown campus in New Orleans, Louisiana. Since its opening, it has been home to the Tulane Green Wave men's and women's basketball teams and the women's volleyball team. Devlin is the 9th-oldest continuously active basketball venue in the nation.

Tulane Green Wave men's basketball
The Tulane Green Wave men's basketball team represents Tulane University in NCAA Division I college basketball. The team competes in the American Athletic Conference. They play home games on campus in Devlin Fieldhouse, the ninth-oldest active basketball venue in the nation. The team's last appearance in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament was in 1995.

Tulane is the only school from the original Metro Conference that remained in the conference through its 1975 founding, the 1991 breakup that saw several schools form the Great Midwest Conference, the 1995 reunification that created today's Conference USA, and the 2004 realignment of conferences. It rejoined many of its previous conference mates when it became a member of the American Athletic Conference in 2014.
Mount Riga State Park
Mount Riga State Park is an undeveloped public recreation area located in the town of Salisbury, Connecticut. The state park offers opportunities for hiking and bow hunting. The Undermountain Trail connects to the northernmost section of the Appalachian Trail in Connecticut from the trail head at Mount Riga State Park's parking lot on Connecticut Route 41. The park is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

Connecticut Route 41
Route 41 is a 17.86-mile (28.74 km) scenic state highway in rural Northwestern Connecticut. It extends from the New York state line in Sharon to the Massachusetts state line in Salisbury and is the only state-numbered route in Connecticut that has both its ends at a state border.
Arnold–Park Log Home
The Arnold–Park Log Home is a historic house, located in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is preserved by the State of Oregon within the Tryon Creek State Natural Area.

Tryon Creek State Natural Area
The Tryon Creek State Natural Area is a state park located primarily in Portland, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is the only Oregon state park within a major metropolitan area. The 645-acre (261 ha) park lies between Boones Ferry Road and Terwilliger Boulevard in southwest Portland in Multnomah County and northern Lake Oswego in Clackamas County and is bisected from north to south by Tryon Creek. To the north, the park abuts the Lewis & Clark Law School campus.
Capilano Suspension Bridge
The Capilano Suspension Bridge is a simple suspension bridge crossing the Capilano River in Upper Capilano, British Columbia, Canada, in the District of North Vancouver. The current bridge is 140 metres (460 ft) long and 70 metres (230 ft) above the river. It is part of a private facility with an admission fee and draws over 1.2 million visitors per year.

North Vancouver (district municipality)
The District of North Vancouver is a district municipality in British Columbia, Canada, situated north of the city of Vancouver across the Burrard Inlet. It surrounds the respective City of North Vancouver on three sides, and the remaining fellow North Shore municipality of West Vancouver on the other, and is part of the Metro Vancouver Regional District.

It is largely characterized as a relatively quiet, affluent suburban hub home to many middle and upper-middle-class families. Homes in the District of North Vancouver generally range from mid-sized family bungalows to very large luxury houses. A number of dense multi-family and mixed-use developments have popped up across the district in recent years; however, the district remains a primarily suburban municipality. It is served by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, British Columbia Ambulance Service, and the District of North Vancouver Fire Department.
Lancaster Memorial (Luxembourg)
The Lancaster Memorial  is a memorial in the northern Luxembourg locality of Weiswampach, which was erected 60 years after World War II in memory of 14 allied airmen, 13 of whom died on the spot and one who was made prisoner by the Germans. During the night from 12 to 13 August 1944 their aircraft, two Avro Lancasters, were shot down.

Weiswampach
Weiswampach (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪsvampax]; Luxembourgish: Wäiswampech [væːɪ̯sˈvɑmpəɕ] ⓘ or locally Wäiswampich) is a commune and small town in northern Luxembourg, in the canton of Clervaux.

As of 2025, the town of Weiswampach, which lies in the north of the commune, has a population of 1,710.

Other towns within the commune include Beiler, Binsfeld, Breidfeld, Holler, and Leithum.
Ernst von Dohnányi
Ernst von Dohnányi (Hungarian: Dohnányi Ernő, [ˈɛrnøː ˈdohnaːɲi]; 27 July 1877 – 9 February 1960) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and conductor. He used the German form of his name on most published compositions.

Symphony No. 1 (Dohnányi)
The Symphony No. 1 in D minor, Op. 9, was completed by Ernő Dohnányi in 1901, when the composer was 24. It was his second venture into orchestral writing, his Symphony in F written in 1896 was not published. The symphony in D minor was premiered in January 1902 in Manchester, England, under the baton of Hans Richter. The Hungarian premiere followed in 1903. Although audibly influenced by the prevailing voices of the time, including Bruckner, Strauss, Tchaikovsky, Wagner, Mahler and Brahms, the work nonetheless demonstrates a formidable handling of complex compositional techniques and is a notable precursor to what would become Dohnányi's distinctive neoromantic style. As with most of his public work, Dohnányi published the composition under the Germanized version of his name, Ernst von Dohnányi. The symphony is 50–55 minutes in duration.
Bra–ket notation
The Bra–ket notation or Dirac notation is a notation for linear algebra and linear operators on complex vector spaces together with their dual spaces both in the finite- and infinite-dimensional cases. It is specifically designed to ease the types of calculations that frequently arise in quantum mechanics. It is now of ubiquitous usage in that subject.

The bra–ket notation was created by Paul Dirac in his paper, "A New Notation for Quantum Mechanics" from 1939. The name comes from the English word bracket.

Riesz representation theorem
The Riesz representation theorem, sometimes called the Riesz–Fréchet representation theorem after Frigyes Riesz and Maurice René Fréchet, establishes an important connection between a Hilbert space and its continuous dual space. If the underlying field is the real numbers, the two are isometrically isomorphic; if the underlying field is the complex numbers, the two are isometrically anti-isomorphic. The (anti-) isomorphism is a particular natural isomorphism.
2K11 Krug
The 2K11 Krug (Russian: 2К11 Круг; English: 'circle') is a Soviet and now Russian medium-range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. The system was designed by NPO Novator and produced by Kalinin Machine Building Plant. Its GRAU designation is "2K11." Its NATO reporting name is SA-4 Ganef, after the Yiddish (originally Hebrew) word גנבֿ‎ meaning 'thief'; the name was used because the system resembled the Bristol Bloodhound.

GM chassis
GM (Russian: Gusenichnaya Mashina, Гусеничная машина, lit. tracked machine) is a series of tracked vehicle chassis. Generally, the series is produced by Russia's Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant. Some older series were developed and produced by Belarusian agriculture machinery manufacturer Minsk Tractor Works (MTZ).
Parley P. Christensen
Parley Parker Christensen (July 19, 1869 – February 10, 1954) was an American attorney and politician who was a Utah state representative, a Los Angeles City Council member, and the Farmer–Labor Party's presidential nominee during the 1920 presidential election. He was a member of several third parties and chairman of the Illinois Progressive party.

Grantsville, Utah
Grantsville is the second most populous city in Tooele County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area.  The population was 12,617 at the 2020 census. The city has grown slowly and steadily throughout most of its existence, but rapid increases in growth occurred during the 1970s, 1990s, and 2010s.  Recent rapid growth has been attributed to being close to Salt Lake City, small town community feel, lower housing costs than Salt Lake County, the nearby Deseret Peak recreational center, the Utah Motorsports Campus raceway, and the newly built Wal-Mart distribution center located just outside the city.  It is quickly becoming a bedroom community for commuters into the Salt Lake Valley.
Yeronga Fire Station
Yeronga Fire Station is a heritage-listed former fire station at 785 Ipswich Road, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by architectural firm Atkinson and Conrad, and built in 1934 by contractor William Allen Miller. It is a two-storey timber structure adjacent to Yeronga Park, and originally housed the station facilities on the ground floor and a residence for the superintendent on the first floor, a combination typical for Brisbane fire stations of this era.

The station was decommissioned in 1974, when operations were shifted to the new station at Acacia Ridge. It was subsequently used as offices for the Queensland State Emergency Service, but was put up for sale by the Department of Natural Resources in 1999; as of 2014, the building was being used as offices for a consulting firm. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999.

Ipswich Road, Brisbane
Ipswich Road is major road in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The road has been an important transport route since the 19th century when it connected the towns of Brisbane and Ipswich.

Logan Road, Pacific Motorway, and Beaudesert Road (Mount Lindesay Highway) are the other major roads in the south of Brisbane.
Equestrian at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Team jumping
The team jumping in equestrian at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held at National Equestrian Center on 14, 16 and 17 August.

The medals were presented by Camiel Eurlings, IOC member, The Netherlands and Ingmar De Vos, President of the FEI.

Equestrian events at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The equestrian events at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro were held between 6 and 19 August at National Equestrian Center in Deodoro. Medals were awarded in three disciplines for both individual and team competitions.
Baltimore and Ohio class N-1
The Baltimore and Ohio class N-1 steam locomotive, #5600 (named "George H. Emerson"), was the first duplex locomotive and the first 4-4-4-4 locomotive ever built. It was unique in the fact that it had a water tube firebox, which was much larger than a normal firebox. It was designed and built by the railroad's own shops in 1937.

Duplex locomotive
A duplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using two pairs of cylinders rigidly mounted to a single locomotive frame; it is not an articulated locomotive. The concept was first used in France in 1863, but was particularly developed in the early 1930s by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, the largest commercial builder of steam locomotives in North America, under the supervision of its then chief engineer, Ralph P. Johnson.

Prior to this, the term duplex locomotive was sometimes applied to articulated locomotives in general.
Rossolino nero
Rossolino nero is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Valtellina region of Lombardy in northern Italy. The grape was once thought to be a clone of Rossola nera but DNA profiling in the late 20th and early 21st century has shown that the two grapes are distinct varieties but are likely related. Around the village of Teglio, a pink-skinned color mutation of Rossolino nero exist that is known as Rossolino Rosa.

Rossola nera
Rossola nera is a red Italian wine grape variety that has been growing in the Valtellina region of Lombardy since at least the 17th century. In 2004 DNA profiling determined that the grape has a parent-offspring relationship with the Piedmont wine grape Nebbiolo though which variety is the parent and which is the offspring is not yet clear. However, most ampelographers believe that Nebbiolo is likely the parent variety since written records in Piedmont have noted Nebbiolo being grown since at least the 13th century.
Nusrat Khan Jalesari
Nusrat Khan (died 10 July 1301) was a general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji. He served as Alauddin's wazir (prime minister) at the start of his reign, and played an important role in the Sultan's Devagiri (1296) and Gujarat (1299) campaigns. He was killed during the Siege of Ranthambore in 1301.

Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat, also known as the Muslim conquest of Gujarat, began in 1299 when the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji sent an army to ransack the Gujarat region of India, which was ruled by the Vaghela king Karna. The Delhi forces plundered several major cities of Gujarat, including Anahilavada (Patan), Khambhat, Surat and Somnath. Karna was able to regain control of at least a part of his kingdom in the later years. However, in 1304, a second invasion by Alauddin's forces permanently ended the Vaghela dynasty, and resulted in the annexation of Gujarat to the Delhi Sultanate.