hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Melus or Melos (Ancient Greek: Μήλος, romanized: Mḗlos, lit. 'apple, sheep') can refer to one of these figures:

Melos, a childhood friend and kin of Adonis who took his life after the later's passing.

Melos, the son of the Melos above and Pelia. After the deaths of his parents he went to Delos, founded the city of Melon and taught the locals how to shear sheep and make wool clothing.

Melus, the son of the river-god Scamander, central in an alternative narrative of the myth of Aphrodite, Hera and Athena vying over the Apple of Discord. Melus was a handsome young man so all three goddesses fought over who would have him as her priest; Alexander (Paris) was tasked with solving the issue, and he decreed that Melus would serve Aphrodite. Ptolemaeus Chennus wrote that the story concerning the golden apple was inspired by this incident, in an example of authors trying to rationalize Greek myth also seen in the works of Palaephatus and Heraclitus.

Apple of Discord
In Greek mythology, the Apple of Discord (Ancient Greek: μῆλον τῆς Ἔριδος) was a golden apple thrown by Eris, the goddess of strife, at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. She was not invited to the wedding and threw it out of anger to ruin the gathering (after showing up uninvited). It sparked a vanity-fueled dispute among Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite that led to the Judgement of Paris and ultimately the Trojan War.

In common parlance, the "apple of discord" is the core, kernel, or crux of an argument, or a small matter that could lead to a bigger dispute.
Department of Land Transport (Thailand)
Department of Land Transport (Thai: กรมการขนส่งทางบก, pronounced [krom˧.kaːn˧ kʰon˩˩˦.soŋ˨˩.tʰaːŋ˧.bok̚˨˩]) is a government department under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport (Thailand). It oversees the road transport in Thailand, both public and private and has the power to prosecute those who violated the road-related laws. The department also issues the driving licences, transport licences and other documents related to road transport. It has branches in all provinces across Thailand.

The emblem of the Department of Land Transport features curved road and rising sun, all under the Rama driving his chariot.

Ministry of Transport (Thailand)
The Ministry of Transport (Abrv: MOT; Thai: กระทรวงคมนาคม, RTGS: Krasuang Khamanakhom) is the ministry of the Government of Thailand responsible for the development, construction, and regulation of the nation's land, marine, and air transportation systems.
Rodrigo y Gabriela
Rodrigo y Gabriela ([roˈð̞ɾi.ɣ̞o i ɡaˈβ̞ɾje.la], "Rodrigo and Gabriela") are a Mexican acoustic guitar duo featuring musicians Rodrigo Sánchez and Gabriela Quintero. Residing in Mexico City, they began their career in Dublin, Ireland, where they played for the first eight years of their career as a duo. Their music consists largely of instrumental duets on the flamenco guitar, with a musical style influenced by a number of genres including nuevo flamenco, rock, and heavy metal.

They have released numerous studio albums, including Mettavolution in 2020 which won a Grammy Award for the Best Contemporary Instrumental Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards. Their most recent album, In Between Thoughts…A New World, was released in April 2023. They have toured internationally and performed at venues that include Red Rocks Amphitheatre and for President Barack Obama at The White House.

Rubyworks Records
Rubyworks Records is an independent record label and music management company created in 2001 by Niall Muckian and based in Dublin, Ireland.

Rubyworks owns two subsidiary labels, Gotta Run Records and Model Citizen Records. The second subsidiary label Model Citizen Records creates rearrangements of their artists songs to be used for PD (Public Domain)  In May 2012 Rubyworks merged with UK independent record label Ark Recordings.
Voronezh Military District
The Voronezh Military District  was a formation of the Soviet Armed Forces, which existed in 1945–1946 and 1949–1960, respectively. District headquarters was in Voronezh.

The District was formed on July 9, 1945, and incorporated the Voronezh Oblast, the Kursk Oblast, the Orel Oblast, and the Tambov Oblast. It was formed from the headquarters of the Orel Military District and the 6th Army. On 4 February 1946, it was included into the Moscow Military District. It was formed for the second time on May 28, 1949. It included the former area of the district, and since January 1954 the newly formed Lipetsk, Belgorod and Balashov areas. In 1955, the district included the 11th Guards Rifle Corps, and the 3rd Guards, 68th and 87th Guards Rifle Divisions, and the 75th Mechanised Division.

It was disbanded on 18 August 1960 and its territory and troops incorporated within the Moscow Military District.

Orel Military District
The Orel Military District (Russian: Орловский военный округ (ОрВО), romanized: Orlovskiy voyennyy okrug (OrVO)) was a military district of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union. Established in 1918 during the Russian Civil War, the district was disbanded after the end of the war in 1922. It was reestablished during the pre-World War II Soviet buildup in 1938. At the beginning of Operation Typhoon, the German attack on Moscow in October 1941, the district headquarters in the city of Orel was surprised by the German attack and hastily forced to flee the city. After most of the district's territory was occupied, it was disbanded. The district was reformed in 1943 after the area was recaptured and disbanded with the end of World War II in 1945.
Ambika (Mahabharata)
Ambika (Sanskrit: अम्बिका, romanized: Ambikā) is the queen of Kuru kingdom in the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The second daughter of Kashya, the King of Kashi and Kausalya, she is abducted by Bhishma during her svayamvara, and becomes the wife of Vichitravirya, the King of Hastinapura. Ambika is the mother of Dhritarashtra and the grandmother of the Kauravas.

Vichitravirya
Vichitravirya (Sanskrit: विचित्रवीर्य, romanized: Vicitravīrya, lit. 'marvellous heroism') is a figure in the Mahabharata, where he is featured as a Kuru king.

According to the Hindu epic, he is the youngest son of Queen Satyavati and King Shantanu, and the de jure grandfather of the Pandavas and the Kauravas. He is also the half-brother of Krishna Dvaipayana Vyasa and Bhishma.
Tord Gustavsen
Tord Gustavsen (born 5 October 1970) is a Norwegian jazz pianist and composer. He tours extensively worldwide, and he has been a bandleader for a trio, ensemble and quartet at various times, all bearing his name.

Nattjazz
Bergen International Jazz Festival or  Nattjazz, is one of the largest jazz festivals of Norway. The festival has a musical profile with an emphasis on ethnic and contemporary jazz. It is held annually in late May, coinciding with Festspillene i Bergen, and is located at Verftet in Bergen Municipality.
Westport, Connecticut
Westport is a town in the Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Located in the Gold Coast along the Long Island Sound, it is 48 miles (77 km) northeast of New York City and is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region.

Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The city, part of the New York Metropolitan Area, is the sixth-most populous city in Connecticut as of the 2020 census, with a population of 91,184.

Norwalk is on the northern shore of Long Island Sound and was first settled in 1649.
Benchmark (crude oil)
A benchmark crude or marker crude is a crude oil that serves as a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil. There are three primary benchmarks, West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Blend, and Dubai Crude. Other well-known blends include the OPEC Reference Basket used by OPEC, Tapis Crude which is traded in Singapore, Western Canadian Select used in Canada, Bonny Light used in Nigeria, Urals oil used in Russia  and Mexico's Isthmus. Energy Intelligence Group publishes a handbook which identified 195 major crude streams or blends in its 2011 edition.

Benchmarks are used because there are many different varieties and grades of crude oil. Using benchmarks makes referencing types of oil easier for sellers and buyers.

There is always a spread between WTI, Brent and other blends due to the relative volatility (high API gravity is more valuable), sweetness/sourness (low sulfur is more valuable) and transportation cost. This is the price that controls world oil market price.

OPEC Reference Basket
The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB), also referred to as the OPEC Basket, is a weighted average of prices for petroleum blends produced by OPEC members. It is used as an important benchmark for crude oil prices. OPEC has often attempted to keep the price of the OPEC Basket between upper and lower limits, by increasing and decreasing production. This makes the measure important for market analysts. The OPEC Basket, including a mix of light and heavy crude oil products, is heavier than both Brent crude oil, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil.

Since January 1, 2017, the OPEC reference basket consists of a weighted average of the following crudes:

Saharan Blend (from Algeria)

Girassol (from Angola)

Oriente (from Ecuador)

Rabi Light (from Gabon)

Iran Heavy (from Iran)

Basra Light (from Iraq)

Kuwait Export (from Kuwait)

Es Sider (from Libya)

Bonny Light (from Nigeria)

Qatar Marine (from Qatar)

Arab Light (from Saudi Arabia)

Murban (from UAE)

Merey (from Venezuela)
Squeeze mapping
In linear algebra, a squeeze mapping, also called a squeeze transformation, is a type of linear map that preserves the Euclidean area of regions in the Cartesian plane, but is not a rotation or shear mapping.

For a fixed positive real number a, the mapping

is the squeeze mapping with squeeze parameter a. Since

is a hyperbola, if u = ax and v = y/a, then uv = xy and the points of the image of the squeeze mapping are on the same hyperbola as (x,y) is. For this reason it is natural to think of the squeeze mapping as a hyperbolic rotation, as did Émile Borel in 1914, by analogy with circular rotations, which preserve circles.

Grégoire de Saint-Vincent
Grégoire de Saint-Vincent (French: [ɡʁeɡwaʁ də sɛ̃ vɛ̃sɑ̃]; Latin: Gregorius a Sancto Vincentio, Dutch: Gregorius van St-Vincent; 8 September 1584 Bruges – 5 June 1667 Ghent) was a Flemish Jesuit and mathematician. He is remembered for his work on quadrature of the hyperbola. He is also known as Gregorio a San Vincente.

Grégoire gave the "clearest early account of the summation of geometric series.": 136  He also resolved Zeno's paradox by showing that the time intervals involved formed a geometric progression and thus had a finite sum.: 137
Champlain Handicap
The Champlain Handicap was an American Thoroughbred horse race for horses age three and older first run in 1901 at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. Placed on hiatus in 1945, it was revived in 1954 at Jamaica Racetrack as a sprint race restricted to fillies and mares. The race was discontinued after the 1957 running.

Sun Briar
Sun Briar (foaled 1915 in France) was a Thoroughbred racehorse retrospectively named the American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt of 1917 and the American Champion Older Male Horse of 1919 by writers from The Blood-Horse magazine. He was a son of Sundridge, the 1911 Champion sire in Great Britain who also sired Epsom Derby winner Sunstar. Sun Briar was out of the mare Sweet Briar, the daughter of St. Frusquin, a multiple winner of top-level races including the 1896 British Classic and the 2,000 Guineas Stakes. St. Frusquin was also a leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland in 1903 and the Leading broodmare sire in Great Britain & Ireland in 1924.
Lake Waikare
Lake Waikare is the largest of several shallow lakes in the upper floodplain of the Waikato River in New Zealand's North Island. It is a riverine lake, located to the east of Te Kauwhata and 40 kilometres north of Hamilton. It covers 34 km2 (13 sq mi).

Due to its shallow nature (its depth is never more than two metres) and the heavy use of fertiliser in the surrounding farming district, the waters of the lake are in poor condition. A 2010 report showed that of all the measured lakes it had the highest trophic level index, a measurement of the amount of pollutants. Pollution also comes from Te Kauwhata sewage works, which is subject to a Regional Council abatement notice for excessive discharges of Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus and E. coli. A health warning was issued in 2020 for cyanobacteria.

Te Kauwhata
Te Kauwhata is a small town in the north of the Waikato region of New Zealand, situated  close to the western shore of Lake Waikare, some 40 km north of Hamilton and approximately 58 km south of Manukau City. The township is surrounded by dairy farms, drystock holdings and horticulture. Its newest building is its Waikato District Council library. Originally known as Wairangi, Te Kauwhata grew around a railway station built in the late 1870s.
Dhandhuka taluka
Dhandhuka is a taluka of Ahmedabad District, India. A taluka is a district subdivision in India that is in charge of managing and collecting taxes for a specific area inside the district. Dhandhuka is capital of Dhandhuka Taluka.

Ahmedabad district
Ahmedabad (Amdavad) district is a district comprises the city of Ahmedabad, in the central part of the state of Gujarat in western India. It is the seventh most populous district in India (out of 739). Ahmedabad District Surrounded By Kheda district in the east, Mehsana district in the north, Anand district in the south and Surendranagar district in the west.
Madras Veterinary College
The Madras Veterinary College, the college affiliated with Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, is a veterinary college in Vepery, a suburb of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The college was established on 1 October 1903 in a small building known as Doblin Hall.

The college became affiliated with the University of Madras in 1936 and became the first college to offer the bachelor's degree in Veterinary Medicine in India. In 1989, the first veterinary university in India, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), was formed, and the college became affiliated with it. The current dean is R. Karunakaran, who has held the post since September 2021.

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Tamil Nadu University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (TANUVAS) is a veterinary university founded in 1989 in Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, India.  It is composed of the Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli; Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Thanjavur and the Institute of Food and Dairy Technology, Koduvalli, Chennai-52. Research farms are for leprosy bacteria, for prawn and edible fish culture, and for animal feed safety.
Parmouti 6
Parmouti 5 – Coptic calendar – Parmouti 7

The sixth day of the Coptic month of Parmouti, the eighth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to April 1, of the Julian calendar, and April 14, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Parmouti 7
Parmouti 6 – Coptic calendar – Parmouti 8

The seventh day of the Coptic month of Parmouti, the eighth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to April 2, of the Julian calendar, and April 15, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.
Taraba State
TarabaListenⓘ  is a state in north-eastern Nigeria, named after the Taraba River, which traverses the southern part of the state. It is nicknamed "Nature's Gift to the Nation". The state capital is Jalingo. It is home to a diverse population including about 80 distinct ethnicities and their languages.

Gembu, Nigeria
Gembu is a town on the Mambilla Plateau in Taraba State of Nigeria. It is the headquarters of Sardauna Local Government Area (formerly "Mambilla" LGA) in Taraba State.

Sitting at an average elevation of about 1,348 meters (4,423 ft) above sea level, it is among the highest elevated towns in Nigeria.
Cervélo
Cervélo Cycles Inc. is a manufacturer of racing and track bicycles.  Cervélo uses CAD, computational fluid dynamics, and wind tunnel testing at a variety of facilities including the San Diego Air and Space Technology Center, in California, US, to aid its designs.  Frame materials include carbon fibre. Cervélo currently makes 5 series of bikes: the C series and R series of road bikes, the latter featuring multi-shaped, "Squoval" frame tubes; the S series of road bikes and P series of triathlon/time trial bikes, both of which feature airfoil shaped down tubes;  and the T series of track bikes. Additionally, the company manufactures the Caledonia, Soloist, and Aspero models. In professional competition, cyclists have ridden Cervélo bicycles to victory in all three of road cycling's grand tours: the Tour de France; the Giro d'Italia; and the Vuelta a España. In 2023, Cervélo achieved a historic sweep of all three grand tours in a single year.

Team Qhubeka NextHash
Team Qhubeka (UCI team code: TQA) was a UCI WorldTeam based in South Africa. The team rode to raise awareness and funds for Qhubeka, a South African not-for-profit organisation. The team was founded in 2007 and was the first-ever African team to ride the Tour de France (2015).
BBC Night Network
The BBC Night Network (sometimes referred to on-air as BBC North FM and originally Radio North East) was an all-evening radio network which linked up the North East England, Yorkshire and the Humber, and later the North West England regions of BBC Local Radio. Each station would share the same programming.

BBC Radio Leeds
BBC Radio Leeds is the BBC's local radio station serving the county of West Yorkshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at St Peter's Square in Leeds.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 189,000 listeners as of May 2025.
Bridgnorth Cliff Railway
52°32′02″N 2°25′01″W﻿ / ﻿52.534°N 2.417°W﻿ / 52.534; -2.417

The Bridgnorth Cliff Railway, also known as the Bridgnorth Funicular Railway or Castle Hill Railway, is a funicular railway in the town of Bridgnorth in the English county of Shropshire. The line links the Low Town of Bridgnorth, adjacent to the River Severn, with the High Town, adjacent to the ruins of Bridgnorth Castle. 
The line is one of four funicular railways in the UK built to the same basic design (the others were the Clifton Rocks Railway in Bristol; the Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway in Devon; and the Constitution Hill Railway in Aberystwyth, Wales). With a maximum gradient of 64% it is one of the steepest railways in the country.

Bridgnorth
Bridgnorth is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England,  named after a bridge over the River Severn. The river divides the town into High Town and Low Town, the upper town on its right bank and the lower on its left bank. The population at the 2011 Census was 12,079.
Frank Vandenbroucke (cyclist)
Frank Vandenbroucke (6 November 1974 – 12 October 2009) was a Belgian professional road racing cyclist. After showing promise in track and field in his adolescence, Vandenbroucke took to cycle racing in the late 1980s and developed into one of the great hopes for Belgian cycling in the 1990s, with a string of victories that included Liège–Bastogne–Liège, Grand Tour stages and Omloop Het Volk. This early success dissipated however in a series of drug problems, rows with teams and suicide attempts. Despite repeated attempts to continue his career with a string of different teams from 2000 to 2008, Vandenbroucke's drug use and unpredictability eventually led to his estrangement from the cycling world. Although Vandenbroucke claimed in an interview in 2009 to have recovered his mental health, he died of a pulmonary embolism in October 2009 at the age of 34.

Bernard Sainz
Bernard Sainz, a.k.a. Dr Mabuse, (born Rennes, France, 1 September 1943) is an unlicensed sports doctor who achieved great success in horse racing and cycling. He was jailed for falsely practising medicine, particularly in cycle racing, and received other sentences for doping-related charges, which he consistently denied.
Brewster's angle
Brewster's angle (also known as the polarization angle) is the angle of incidence at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent dielectric surface, with no reflection. When unpolarized light is incident at this angle, the light that is reflected from the surface is perfectly polarized. The angle is named after the Scottish physicist Sir David Brewster (1781–1868).

Specular reflection
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.

The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal. The incident and reflected rays lie in a plane known as the plane of incidence. The angles of the two rays to the normal are known as the angle of incidence and angle of reflection.

The earliest known description of this behavior was recorded by Hero of Alexandria (AD c. 10–70). Later, Alhazen gave a complete statement of the law of reflection. He was first to state that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a same plane perpendicular to reflecting plane.

Specular reflection may be contrasted with diffuse reflection, in which light is scattered away from the surface in a range of directions.
Rural Municipality of Blucher No. 343
The Rural Municipality of Blucher No. 343 (2016 population: 2,006) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 11 and SARM Division No. 5. It is located in the north-central portion of the province on the South Saskatchewan River.

Division No. 11, Saskatchewan
Division No. 11 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the central part of the province and includes the largest city in the province, Saskatoon.
Gozd, Ajdovščina
Gozd (pronounced [ˈɡoːst]) is a dispersed settlement on the edge of a karst plateau east of Ajdovščina in the Littoral region of Slovenia. Together with the ridge-top villages of  Predmeja, Kovk, and Otlica, it is part of an area locally known as Gora (literally, 'the mountain').

Kovk, Ajdovščina
Kovk (pronounced [ˈkoːu̯k]) is a dispersed settlement on the edge of a karst plateau north of Ajdovščina in the Littoral region of Slovenia. Together with the ridge-top villages of  Predmeja, Otlica, and Gozd, it is part of an area locally known as Gora (literally, 'the mountain').
YALTAM
Yaltam (Hebrew: ילת"ם) is the Israeli Navy Underwater Missions Unit (Hebrew: יחידה למשימות תת-מימיות Yechida le'Mishimot Tat-Mayimiyot), specializing in diver operations. The unit was initially established as Unit 707 in 1963 but in its present form it was established in 1981. It is headquartered at the Haifa naval base

Shayetet 13
Shayetet 13 (Hebrew: שייטת 13, lit. 'Flotilla 13') is a naval commando unit of the Israeli Navy and one of the primary reconnaissance units of the Israel Defense Forces. Shayetet 13 specializes in sea-to-land incursions, counter-terrorism, sabotage, maritime intelligence gathering, maritime hostage rescue, and boarding. The unit is trained for sea, air and land actions.
The unit has taken part in almost all of Israel's major wars, as well as other actions.

The unit is one of the most secretive in the Israeli military. The details of many missions and identities of active operatives are kept highly classified. The unit is respected as among the best of the world's special forces, and is compared to the US Navy SEALs and Britain's Special Boat Service. Unlike many other Israeli Special Forces Units which take men only for their 36-month mandatory service, volunteers for Shayetet 13 must agree to serve at least four and a half years.