hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beach Hotel (Galveston)
The Beach Hotel was a seasonal resort in Galveston, Texas. Designed by architect Nicholas J. Clayton, it was built in 1882 at a price of US$260,000 (US$8.47 million in today's terms) to cater to vacationers. Owned by William H. Sinclair, the hotel opened on July 4, 1883, and was destroyed by a mysterious fire in 1898.

The front lawn of the beach hotel "provided a site for summer entertainment-fireworks, high-wire walkers, and bands."

William H. Sinclair
Col. William H. Sinclair (October 31, 1838 – January 11, 1897) was an American Union Army officer, Freedmen's Bureau official, businessman, state legislator, and union officer. Sinclair founded the Beach Hotel in Galveston in 1882, in an effort to increase tourism in the city. The project cost $260,000 USD ($6,279,000 in 2018).

Sinclair was born in Akron, Ohio.

Sinclair was an avid baseball enthusiast, convincing stockholders to invest in a Texas League baseball franchise in Galveston. He also served as president of the Galveston City Railroad Company.

Sinclair served in the Texas House of Representatives as a Republican representing the 12th district from February 8, 1870 to January 14, 1873. He served as Speaker of the Texas House from May 10, 1871 to January 14, 1873.

Sinclair's wife died in 1895, and in early 1897 Sinclair died in Rochester, New York at the age of 58. On January 17, 1897 he was buried at Lakeview Cemetery in Galveston.
Bođani Monastery
The Bođani Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Бођани, romanized: Manastir Bođani) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery in the Bačka region, in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina. The monastery is near the village of Bođani, in the Bač municipality. Among the few Serbian Orthodox monasteries in the Bačka, Bođani is the oldest.

Bođani
Bođani (Serbian Cyrillic: Бођани listenⓘ) is a village located in the Bač municipality which is in the South Bačka District of Serbia. The village is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The population of Bođani numbering 1,113 people (2002 census), most of whom are ethnic Serbs.
Panethite
Panethite, chemical formula (Na,Ca)2(Mg,Fe)2(PO4)2, is a rare phosphate mineral that was only found in one meteorite on Earth. It was originally found in the Dayton meteorite in Ohio. It is classified as H-M symbol (2/m) with space group of P21/n. It is amber in color. It was named in the honor of Friedrich Adolf Paneth (1887–1958), a German chemist who made many contributions toward the discovery of the origin of the universe, and especially studies of meteorites.

Phosphate mineral
Phosphate minerals are minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate (PO3−4) anion, sometimes with arsenate (AsO3−4) and vanadate (VO3−4) substitutions, along with chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F−), and hydroxide (OH−) anions, that also fit into the crystal structure.

The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.
Norway women's national football team
The Norway women's national football team (Norwegian: Norges kvinnelandslag i fotball) represents Norway in international football, and is controlled by the Norwegian Football Federation. The team is former European, World and Olympic champions and thus one of the most successful national teams. However, the team has endured less success since the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.

UEFA Women's Championship
The UEFA European Women's Championship, also called the UEFA Women's Euro, is the main competition in women's association football between national teams of the UEFA confederation. It is held every four years, one year after the men's. It was first held in 1984. The reigning champions are England, who won the tournament in 2022 and 2025. The most successful nation in the history of the tournament is Germany, with eight titles.
Bladder
The bladder (from Old English  blædre 'bladder, blister, pimple') is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. In humans, the bladder is a distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more.

The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico- appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for "bladder" – cystis – appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).

Urinary tract ultrasound
Ultrasound of the urinary tract involves the use of an ultrasound probe to image parts of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is the path that urine follows after it is formed within the kidneys, and involves a left and right ureter, the bladder, and the urethra.
Hiranya Varna Mahavihar
Hiraṇyavarṇa Mahāvihāra (Nepali: हिरण्यवर्ण महाविहार), also Kwa Baha: (Nepali: क्वबहा:) informally called The Golden Temple with literal meaning "Gold-colored Great Monastery", is a historical vihara (Buddhist monastery) situated in Patan, Nepal.

Bahal, Nepal
Baha (Nepal Bhasa:बहाः) is a type of courtyard found amongst Newar communities in Nepal. It is the most dominant type of courtyard in Newari Architecture. Baha is a term for Buddhist Monastery and derives its name from a Sanskrit word Bihara, meaning joy or enchantment and thus is a
place of religious bliss.
Jean-Claude Périsset
Jean-Claude Périsset (born 13 April 1939) is a Swiss titular archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church and diplomat of the Holy See. He served as Apostolic Nuncio to Germany from 2007 until his resignation in 2013.

Apostolic Nunciature to Germany
The Apostolic Nunciature to Germany is an ecclesiastical office of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio to Germany with the rank of an ambassador. The office of the nunciature has been located in Berlin since 1925, in union with the new Apostolic Nuncio to Prussia until 1934. Between 1920 and 1925 the nunciature was held in personal union by the Apostolic Nuncio to Bavaria, seated in Munich. With the unconditional surrender of Germany in 1945 the diplomatic ties were interrupted and reestablished for West Germany only in 1951, then in Bonn. In 2001 the nunciature moved again to Berlin.

Three Popes once served as nuncios in what is today's Germany: Alexander VII, Leo XII and Pius XII. As of 2014 the Apostolic Nuncio to Germany is Nikola Eterović, appointed by Pope Francis on September 21, 2013.
Dry loop
A dry loop is an unconditioned leased pair of telephone line from a telephone company. The pair does not provide dial tone or battery (continuous electric potential), as opposed to a wet pair, a line usually without dial tone but with battery.

A dry pair was originally used with security systems but more recently may also be used with digital subscriber line (DSL) service or an Ethernet extender to connect two locations, as opposed to a costlier means such as a Frame Relay. The pair in many cases goes through the local telephone exchange.

Wet pair naming comes from the battery used to sustain the loop, which was made from wet cells.

Many carriers market dry loops to independent DSL providers as a BANA for basic analog loop or in some locales PANA for plain analog loop, OPX (off-premises extension) line, paging circuit, or finally LADS (local area data service).

Ethernet extender
An Ethernet extender (also network extender or LAN extender) is any device used to extend an Ethernet or network segment beyond its inherent distance limitation which is approximately 100 metres (330 ft) for most common forms of twisted-pair Ethernet. These devices employ a variety of transmission technologies and physical media (wireless, copper wire, fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable).

The extender forwards traffic between LANs transparently to higher network-layer protocols over distances that far exceed the limitations of common Ethernet over twisted pair.
Achterbahn (stream cipher)
In cryptography, Achterbahn is a synchronous stream cipher algorithm submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.

In the final specification the cipher is called ACHTERBAHN-128/80, because it supports the key lengths of 80 bits and 128 bits, respectively. 
Achterbahn was developed by Berndt Gammel, Rainer Göttfert and Oliver Kniffler.

Achterbahn means rollercoaster (in German), though a literal translation of the term would be eight-track, which indicates that the cipher can encrypt eight bit streams in parallel.

The parameters of the cipher are given in the following table:

ACHTERBAHN-128 is downward compatible and can produce the same keystream as ACHTERBAHN-80 if so desired. The keystream generator of ACHTERBAHN-128/80 is based on the design principle of the nonlinear combination generator, however it deploys primitive nonlinear feedback shift registers (NLFSR) instead of linear ones (LFSR).

Nonlinear-feedback shift register
A nonlinear-feedback shift register (NLFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a non-linear function of its previous state.

For an n-bit shift register r its next state is defined as:

,

where f is the non-linear feedback function.
Fire cider
Fire cider is a pungent concoction that is made of apple cider vinegar, onions, garlic and horseradish, sometimes with citrus, ginger, turmeric, black pepper, and hot peppers. It is steeped for weeks and used once it becomes tangy and hot. This home remedy drink is utilized to strengthen the immune system and ward off cold-weather illness.

Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar, or cider vinegar, is a vinegar made from cider, and used in salad dressings, marinades, vinaigrettes, food preservatives, and chutneys. It is made by crushing apples, then squeezing out the juice. The apple juice is then fermented by yeast which converts the sugars in the juice to ethanol. In a second fermentation step, the ethanol is converted into acetic acid by acetic acid-forming bacteria (Acetobacter species), yielding cider vinegar. The acetic acid, together with the malic acid naturally present in apple juice, contribute to the sour taste of this vinegar.

There is no high-quality clinical evidence that regular consumption of apple cider vinegar helps to maintain or lose body weight,  or is effective to manage blood glucose and lipid levels.
Elizabeth Claypole
Elizabeth Claypole (née Cromwell; 2 July 1629 – 6 August 1658) was the second daughter of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his wife, Elizabeth Cromwell, and reportedly interceded with her father for royalist prisoners. After Cromwell created a peerage for her husband, John Claypole, she was known as Lady Claypole. She was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Elizabeth Cromwell
Elizabeth Cromwell (née Bourchier; 1598 – 1665) was the wife of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the mother of Richard Cromwell, the second Lord Protector.
Bond (string quartet)
Bond (stylised as BOND; formerly often typeset as bond in deference to the owners of the 007 trademark) is an Australian/British string quartet that specialises in classical crossover and synth-pop music. The quartet has sold five million albums.

Born (Bond album)
Born is the first album released by the classical crossover string quartet Bond, and was produced by Magnus Fiennes and Gareth Cousins. The album was a worldwide success, reaching the top twenty in charts across Europe. The album reached number 16 in the UK charts, spending six weeks in the top 40, and was also number one in the UK Classical charts, but it was subsequently removed from these charts for not meeting all the 'rules' of classical music.

The album was re-released in 2001 with an additional track.
Layali
Layālī (ليالي) is a style of unmetered modal improvisation, based on a maqam, performed by a singing voice in Arabic music. It is similar to the taqsim, which is performed by a solo instrument.

The layali generally serves as an introduction to a mawwāl. In the layali, the singer most often improvises using the common Arabic phrase "Yā ‘ayn yā layl" (يا عين يا ليل), which means "O eye, O night."

The term layālī is the plural form of the word layl (ليل, meaning "night").

Taqsim
Taqsim (Arabic: تَقْسِيم / ALA-LC: taqsīm, Sorani Kurdish: تەقسیم, Greek: ταξίμι, romanized: taksimi, Turkish: taksim) is a melodic musical improvisation that usually precedes the performance of a traditional Arabic, Kurdish, Greek, Middle Eastern, Iranian, Azerbaijani or Turkish musical composition.

Taqsim traditionally follows a certain melodic progression. Starting from the tonic of a particular Arabic maqam (or a Turkish makam), the first few measures of the improvisation remain in the lower ajnas of the maqam, thereby introducing the maqam to the listener. After this introduction, the performer is free to move anywhere in the maqam, and even to modulate to other maqams as long as they return to the original one.

Taqsim is either a solo instrument performance, or one that is backed by a percussionist or other instrumentalist playing a drone on the tonic of the maqam.
Lady Chatterley (film)
Lady Chatterley is a 2006 French drama film by Pascale Ferran. The film is an adaptation of the 1927 novel John Thomas and Lady Jane, an earlier version of Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), by D. H. Lawrence. It was released in France on 1 November 2006, followed by limited release in the U.S. on 22 June 2007 and in the UK on 24 August 2007.
The longer "European Extended European" was released on DVD and some streaming platforms in the United States.

The film won the 2007 César Award for Best Film and stars Jean-Louis Coulloc'h and Marina Hands.

Lady Chatterley's Lover
Lady Chatterley's Lover is the final novel by the English author D. H. Lawrence, first published privately in 1928, in Florence, Italy, and in 1929, in Paris, France. An unexpurgated edition was not published openly in the United Kingdom until 1960, when it was the subject of a watershed obscenity trial against the publisher Penguin Books, which won the case and quickly sold three million copies. The book was also banned for obscenity in the United States, Canada, Australia, India and Japan. The book soon became notorious for its story of the physical (and emotional) relationship between a working-class man and an upper-class woman, its explicit descriptions of sex and its use of then-unprintable profane words.
Ragavardhini
Ragavardhini (pronounced rāgavardini) has two separate meanings in Indian classical music:

a major part of the alapana of a raga. The performer gives a step-by-step elaboration of the raga, pausing at each major note or swara.

the 32nd melakarta raga  in the Katapayadi sankhya scheme of Carnatic music.

Graha bhedam
Graha Bhedam in Carnatic music is the process (or result of the process) of shifting the Tonic note (śruti) to another note in the rāgam and arriving at a different rāgam. Its equivalent in Hindustani classical music is called a murchhana. Expressed in Western music theory terms, this is the process of arriving at a different scale by shifting to another mode in the key, i.e, modulation.

Graha literally means position and Bhedam means change. Since the position of the śruti is changed (pitch of the base note or drone), it is also sometimes called Swara Bhedam or Śruti Bhedam though Śruti Bhedam and Graha Bhedam have some technical differences.
National 49er Pairs
The National 49er Pairs national bridge championship was held at the spring American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC).

The 49er Pairs was a matchpoint pairs event. The event typically started on the Wednesday of the NABC. It was restricted to those with fewer than 50 masterpoints.

North American Bridge Championships
North American Bridge Championships (NABC) are three annual bridge tournaments sponsored by the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL). The "Spring", "Summer", and "Fall" NABCs are usually scheduled in March, July, and November for about eleven days. They comprise both championship and side contests of different kinds (e.g. matchpoint pairs and knockout teams, one-day and two-day) in many classes of competition (e.g. open/women/senior or defined by masterpoints). Host cities in the United States and Canada are selected several years in advance.
Tarring and feathering
Tarring and feathering is a form of public torture where a victim is stripped naked, or stripped to the waist, while wood tar is either poured or painted onto the person. The victim then either has feathers thrown on them or is rolled around on a pile of feathers so that they stick to the tar.

Used to enforce unofficial justice or revenge, it was used in medieval Europe and its colonies in the early modern period, as well as the early American frontier, mostly as a form of vigilante justice. The image of a tarred-and-feathered outlaw remains a metaphor for severe public criticism.

Tarring and feathering was a very common punishment in British colonies in North America during 1766 through 1776. The most famous American tarring and feathering is that of John Malcolm, a British Loyalist, during the American Revolution.

Yankee Doodle
"Yankee Doodle" is a traditional song and nursery rhyme, the early versions of which predate the Seven Years' War and American Revolutionary War. It is often sung patriotically in the United States today. It is the state song of the U.S. state of Connecticut. Its Roud Folk Song Index number is 4501.
Eliot family (South England)
The Eliot family is a British aristocratic family whose members include earls, barons, counts, knights, governors, peers, and Members of Parliament. The main factions are the Earls of St Germans and the Eliot Military Family, which encompasses the Count Eliots.

Granville Elliott
Major-General Granville Elliott, 1st Count Elliott (7 October 1713 – 10 October 1759), was a British military officer who served with distinction in several other European armies and subsequently in the British Army. He fought at the Battle of Minden where he was wounded, dying of his injuries several weeks later.
Pleasant Valley, (Cooksville, Maryland)
Pleasant Valley, known as Lost by Neglect, is a historic home in Cooksville, Howard County, Maryland, United States.

The historic house is located on a portion of the 100-acre land grant named "Good Neighborhood" surveyed by Adam Shipley in 1742. In 1754, the section was part of a 103-acre land grant surveyed by Mordecai Selby Sr. called "Selby's Inheritance" and resurveyed as a 226-acre lot in 1775 as "Lost by Neglect". The original structure was built with stone construction in 1754. In 1859, a wooden addition was built by Henry Forsythe and given the name Pleasant Valley. In 1888 Henry Forsythe moved to the neighboring "Oaklands" plantation, leaving the estate in the hands of his heirs. Outbuilding include two barns, one of which was built with peg construction situated on land that has been subdivided from the estate. By 1976, the estate has been subdivided leaving only 14 acres of the original parcel remaining.

Cooksville, Maryland
Cooksville is an unincorporated community in Howard County, Maryland, United States. As of 2016, the population was 631. The town was founded by Thomas Cook in 1802. The crossroads town was anchored by the Joshua Roberts Tavern, where General Lafayette visited in 1824. The inn was destroyed by fire, rebuilt, and demolished a second time. Thomas Cook exchanged his stake in Cooksville with Thomas Beale Dorsey for the 231-acre Round About Hills slave plantation. A Post Office opened on the 4th of July 1851, the same year Howard County was formed from a portion of Anne Arundel County. Roberts Inn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

On June 29, 1863, J. E. B. Stuart marched 5,000 confederate soldiers through Cooksville en route to Westminster.
Calliano, Piedmont
Calliano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Turin and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Asti.  
Calliano borders the following municipalities: Alfiano Natta, Asti, Castagnole Monferrato, Castell'Alfero, Grana, Penango, Portacomaro, Scurzolengo, and Tonco.

Grana Monferrato
Grana Monferrato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Turin and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Asti. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 628 and an area of 6.0 square kilometres (2.3 mi2).

Grana Monferrato borders the following municipalities: Calliano, Casorzo, Castagnole Monferrato, Grazzano Badoglio, Moncalvo, Montemagno, and Penango.
44°59′56″N 8°17′55″E﻿ / ﻿44.998796°N 8.298583°E﻿ / 44.998796; 8.298583

Grana was renamed Grana Monferrato in 2023.
One man, one vote
"One man, one vote" or "one vote, one value" is a slogan used to advocate for the principle of equal representation in voting. This slogan is used by advocates of democracy and political equality, especially with regard to electoral reforms like universal suffrage, direct elections, and proportional representation.

State legislature (United States)
In the United States,  the state legislature is the legislative branch in each of the 50 U.S. states.

A legislature generally performs state duties for a state in the same way that the United States Congress performs national duties at the national level. Generally, the same system of checks and balances that exists at the federal level also exists between the state legislature,  the state executive officer (governor) and the state judiciary.

In 27 states, the legislature is called the legislature or the state legislature, while in 19 states the legislature is called the general assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the general court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the legislative assembly.
Bellevue, Wisconsin
Bellevue is a village in Brown County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 15,935 at the time of the 2020 census. Bellevue is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area, around 4 miles (6.4 km) east from Green Bay.

Brown County, Wisconsin
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 268,740, making it the fourth-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Green Bay. Brown County is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area.
Fort Spokane
Fort Spokane was a frontier outpost in the northwest United States, located in Lincoln County, Washington, approximately fifty miles (80 km) west-northwest of Spokane. At the confluence of the Columbia and Spokane rivers, the U.S. Army post was used to separate the Colville and Spokane tribes on their reservations from the newly established city of Spokane. The fort was last used in 1929 and was later incorporated into the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Lincoln County, Washington
Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,876, making it the fifth-least populous county in the state. The county seat and largest city is Davenport. Lincoln County was created from Whitman County in November 1883. It is named for Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States.
Bergantino
Bergantino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Venice and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Rovigo.

Bergantino borders the following municipalities: Borgofranco sul Po, Carbonara di Po, Castelnovo Bariano, Cerea, Legnago, Melara.

Composer Stefano Gobatti was born in Bergantino.

Legnago
Legnago (Italian pronunciation: [leɲˈɲaːɡo]; Venetian: Lenjago) is a town and comune in the Province of Verona, Veneto, northern Italy, with population (2012) of 25,439. It is located on the Adige river, about 43 kilometres (27 mi) from Verona. Its fertile land produces crops of rice, other cereals, sugar, and tobacco.