hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alternate history
Alternate history (or alternative history, allohistory, althist, or simply A.H.) is a subgenre of speculative fiction in which one or more historical events happen differently than in real history. As conjecture based upon historical fact, alternate history stories propose "what if?" scenarios about pivotal events in human history, and present outcomes very different from the historical record. Some alternate histories are considered a subgenre of science fiction, or historical fiction.

Since the 1950s, as a subgenre of science fiction, some alternative history stories have featured the tropes of time travel between histories, the psychic awareness of the existence of an alternative universe by the inhabitants of a given universe, and time travel that divides history into various timestreams.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
2021 Clemson Tigers women's soccer team
The 2021 Clemson Tigers women's soccer team represented Clemson University during the 2021 NCAA Division I women's soccer season.  The Tigers were led by head coach Ed Radwanski, in his eleventh season.  The Tigers home games were played at Riggs Field.  This was the team's 28th season playing organized soccer.  All of those seasons were played in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

The Tigers finished the season 12–7–1 and 6–3–1 in ACC play to finish in fifth place.  As the fifth seed in the ACC Tournament, they defeated Notre Dame before falling to Virginia in the Semifinals.  They earned an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament, where they lost to Alabama in the First Round to end their season.

2021 Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's soccer team
The 2021 Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's soccer team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 2021 NCAA Division I women's soccer season. It was the 34th season of the university fielding a program. The Fighting Irish were led by 4th year head coach Nate Norman and played their games at Alumni Stadium.

The Fighting Irish finished the season 14–6–2, 7–3–0 in ACC play to finish in fourth place.  As the fourth seed in the ACC Tournament, they lost to fifth seed Clemson in the First Round.  They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament where they defeated SIU Edwardsville in the First Round, and Purdue on penalties in the Second Round, before losing to Arkansas in the Round of 16 to end their season.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 57
United Nations Security Council Resolution 57 was adopted unanimously on 18 September 1948.

Deeply shocked by the death of Count Folke Bernadotte, the United Nations Mediator in Palestine, the Security Council requested that the Secretary-General keep the flag of the United Nations at half-mast for three days, authorized him to meet from the Working Capital Fund all the expenses connected with the assassination of the United Nations Mediator and resolved that it would be represented at the interment by the President or the person appointed by him for the occasion.

Folke Bernadotte
Folke Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (Swedish: [fɔ̂l.kɛ̂ bæɳaˈdɔtː];  2 January 1895 – 17 September 1948) was a Swedish nobleman and diplomat. In World War II, he negotiated the release of about 450 Danish Jews and 30,550 non-Jewish prisoners of many nations from the Nazi German Theresienstadt concentration camp. They were released on 14 April 1945. In 1945 he received a German surrender offer from Heinrich Himmler, though the offer was ultimately rejected by the allies.

After the war, Bernadotte was unanimously chosen to be the United Nations Security Council mediator in the Arab–Israeli conflict of 1947–1948. He was assassinated in Jerusalem in 1948 by the paramilitary Zionist group Lehi while pursuing his official duties. Upon his death, Ralph Bunche took up his work at the UN, successfully mediating the 1949 Armistice Agreements between Israel and Egypt.
Indian Knowledge Systems
The Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), or the Bhāratīya Jñāna Paramparā Vibhāga is a division of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India which purports to promote Indian systems of knowledge. Established in October 2020, it is located in the AICTE headquarters in New Delhi.

Critics of the IKS division have asserted that its curricula peddle pseudoscience and pseudohistory, do not constitute a genuine scholarly "decolonisation" programme, are a tool of indoctrination by the Hindutva ideology of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and will economically and professionally disadvantage Indian graduates in the workforce.  The work of the IKS division has been interpreted by some as being guided by a mission to preserve Indian heritage, apply what they consider to be ancient knowledge to modern problems such as climate change, and decolonise Indian education in a way that reduces undue Western influences.

Ministry of Education (India)
The Ministry of Education (MoE) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The ministry is further divided into two departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy, and the Department of Higher Education, which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc.

The current education minister is Dharmendra Pradhan, a member of the Council of Ministers. India has had a Ministry of Education since 1947. In 1985, the Rajiv Gandhi government changed its name to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), and with the newly drafted "National Education Policy 2020" by the Narendra Modi government, the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed back to the Ministry of Education.
MTV Video Music Award for Most Experimental Video
The MTV Video Music Award for Most Experimental Video was first awarded in 1984. The last of this award was given out in 1987, after which it was replaced with Breakthrough Video the following year.

During the category's brief existence, several directors were nominated for multiple videos, including Daniel Kleinman (5 nominations), Steve Barron (3 nominations with 1 win), Godley & Creme (2 nominations with 1 win), and Mary Lambert (2 nominations).

MTV Video Music Award – Breakthrough Video
The MTV Video Music Award for Breakthrough Video was first awarded in 1988, replacing the award for Most Experimental Video. Along with Best Direction in a Video, this award was considered to be one of the most important professional categories at the VMAs, as every once in a while it was even presented during the main show (unlike most technical awards which were presented during the pre-show).

The award for Breakthrough Video was given out every year from 1988 to 2005, after which it was retired. In 2009, however, MTV decided to bring back this category and continued to present it until 2010, after which it was retired again.

R.E.M. and Fatboy Slim are the two biggest winners of this award, as they each have won it twice. Art of Noise, meanwhile, is the only artist or group to have won this award under its two incarnations: Most Experimental Video in 1985 and Breakthrough Video in 1989.
Nullspace property
In compressed sensing, the nullspace property gives necessary and sufficient conditions on the reconstruction of sparse signals using the techniques of -relaxation. The term "nullspace property" originates from Cohen, Dahmen, and DeVore. The nullspace property is often difficult to check in practice, and the restricted isometry property is a more modern condition in the field of compressed sensing.

Restricted isometry property
In linear algebra, the restricted isometry property (RIP) characterizes matrices which are nearly orthonormal, at least when operating on sparse vectors. The concept was introduced by Emmanuel Candès and Terence Tao and is used to prove many theorems in the field of compressed sensing.  There are no known large matrices with bounded restricted isometry constants (computing these constants is strongly NP-hard, and is hard to approximate as well), but many random matrices have been shown to remain bounded. In particular, it has been shown that with exponentially high probability, random Gaussian, Bernoulli, and partial Fourier matrices satisfy the RIP with number of measurements nearly linear in the sparsity level. The current smallest upper bounds for any large rectangular matrices are for those of Gaussian matrices. Web forms to evaluate bounds for the Gaussian ensemble are available at the Edinburgh Compressed Sensing RIC page.
Wimmen's Comix
Wimmen's Comix, later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. Wimmen's Comix was a launching pad for many cartoonists' careers, and it inspired other small-press and self-published titles like Twisted Sisters, Dyke Shorts, and Dynamite Damsels.

Each issue of Wimmen's Comix was edited by a different editor or two editors who shared the job. Last Gasp published the first ten issues; later issues were put out by Renegade Press and then Rip Off Press.

Aline Kominsky-Crumb
Aline Kominsky-Crumb (née Goldsmith; August 1, 1948 – November 29, 2022) was an American underground comics artist. Kominsky-Crumb's work, which is almost exclusively autobiographical, is known for its unvarnished, confessional nature. In 2016, ComicsAlliance listed Kominsky-Crumb as one of twelve women cartoonists deserving of lifetime achievement recognition. She was married to cartoonist Robert Crumb, with whom she frequently collaborated. Their daughter, Sophie Crumb, is also a cartoonist.
Robert Unwin Harwood
Robert Unwin Harwood (January 22, 1798 – April 12, 1863) was the last seigneur of Vaudreuil, commanding officer of the Vaudreuil Militia, and for thirty years a political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East.

Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière
Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl østaʃ ɡaspaʁ alɛ̃ ʃaʁtje də lɔtbinjɛʁ]; August 31, 1748 – January 1, 1822), 2nd Marquis de Lotbinière, though to keep political favour with the British he never used the title. He was seigneur of Vaudreuil, Lotbinière and Rigaud. He was the Speaker of the House of Commons in Lower Canada who saw to it that the French language was recognised as equal to English in the Quebec Parliament, where a painting of him giving the speech still hangs above the Speaker's chair.
Swedish Federation
Svenska Federationen (English: 'Swedish Federation'), was the Swedish equivalent of the British Ladies National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. It was established in 1878 with the purpose to repeal the so-called reglementation system, which required prostitute women to registration and regular medical examination to prevent sexually transmitted infections.

It also opposed the sexual double standard, which regarded men as naturally unable to sexual self-control and viewed prostitutes as the sole problem. The Svenska Federationen was dissolved after the reglementation system was abolished in 1918. Between 1878 and 1905, it published its own paper, Sedlighetsvännen (Friend of Virtue).

Nordic sexual morality debate
The Nordic sexual morality debate (Danish: sædelighedsfejden, Swedish: sedlighetsdebatten, Norwegian: sedelighetsdebatten, literally morality feud) was the name for a cultural movement and public debate in Scandinavia taking place in the 1880s, in which sexuality and sexual morals, particularly the contemporary sexual double standard, were discussed in newspapers, magazines, books and theatrical plays.
Agrippa (praenomen)
Agrippa is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was most common during the early centuries of the Roman Republic.  It was sometimes abbreviated Agr., or occasionally Agripp.; both forms are found in the Fasti Capitolini.  Despite ending in -a, it is a masculine name.  The feminine form was probably Agrippina, which is also found as a cognomen, or surname, but no examples of its use as a praenomen have survived.

The praenomen Agrippa was regularly used by two patrician gentes, gens Furia and gens Menenia, who held several consulships during the early Republic. It was also the name of one of the legendary kings of Alba Longa, Agrippa Silvius, whose descendants came to Rome following the destruction of that city during the reign of Tullus Hostilius. Although the name is not known to have been used as a praenomen in the later Republic and Empire, it appeared as a cognomen in several families.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Nika Gilauri
Nikoloz "Nika" Gilauri (/ˈniːkə ɡɪləˈʊəri/; born 14 February 1975) is a Georgian politician who was 8th Prime Minister of Georgia from 6 February 2009 to 30 June 2012. He had served as Minister for Energy from 2004 to 2007, as Minister of Finance from 2007 to 2009, and as First Vice Prime Minister in the Cabinet of Georgia from 2008 to 2009.

In 2012, he was appointed as the head of the JSC Partnership Fund, a state-owned stock fund. Currently Gilauri set his advisory boutique for public sector decision makers. He is also a senior advisor at McKinsey and Co.

Ministry of Finance of Georgia
The Ministry of Finance (Georgian: საქართველოს ფინანსთა სამინისტრო) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Georgia in charge of regulating the financial sector in the Republic of Georgia. Lasha Khutsishvili has served as the Minister since 1 April 2021.
Oak Grove, Kentucky
Oak Grove is a home rule-class city adjacent to the Fort Campbell army base in Christian County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 7,931 as of the 2020 census, up from 7,489 as of the 2010 U.S. census. It is part of the Clarksville, Tennessee metropolitan area.

Christian County, Kentucky
Christian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 72,748. Its county seat is Hopkinsville. The county was formed in 1797. Christian County is part of the Clarksville, Tennessee–Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Wan Kin Yee
Wan Kin Yee (Chinese: 溫健儀; Jyutping: wan1 gin6 ji4; born July 20, 1975) is a track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for Hong Kong.

Wan represented Hong Kong at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She competed at the 100 metres sprint and placed sixth in her heat without advancing to the second round. She ran the distance in a time of 12.37 seconds.

She married fellow sprinter Pat Kwok Wai in 2002. She held the Hong Kong record for the women's 100 metres sprint from 1999 until February 2017, when it was broken by Chan Pui-kei (陳佩琦).

Pat Kwok Wai
Pat Kwok Wai (born 11 January 1970) is a Hong Kong sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Pat later became an athletics coach. He married fellow sprinter Wan Kin Yee in 2002.
2019–20 Icelandic Women's Basketball Cup
The 2019–2020 Bikarkeppni kvenna, referred to as Geysisbikarinn for sponsorship reasons, was the 46th edition of the Icelandic Women's Basketball Cup, won by Skallagrímur against KR. The competition is managed by the Icelandic Basketball Federation and the final four was held in the Laugardalshöll in Reykjavík during the days of 13–15 February 2020. Keira Robinson was named the Cup Finals MVP after turning in 32 points and 11 rebounds. She led all scorers in the competition with 97 points in 3 games.

Skallagrímur (women's basketball)
The Skallagrímur women's basketball team, commonly known as Skallagrímur, is the women's basketball department of  Ungmennafélagið Skallagrímur, based in Borgarnes, Iceland. It currently plays in Úrvalsdeild kvenna.
Civil Guard (Philippines)
The Civil Guard in the Philippines (Spanish: Guardia Civil en las Filipinas, [ˈɡwaɾðja siˈβil en las filiˈpinas]) was the branch of the Spanish Civil Guard organized under the Captaincy General of the Philippines and a component of the Spanish Army. It was disbanded after the Spanish–American War. After the Philippine–American War, it was eventually replaced by the American occupational government with the Philippine Constabulary (PC).

Captaincy General of the Philippines
The Captaincy General of the Philippines was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid.

Also known as the Captaincy General of the Spanish East Indies, which included among others the Philippine Islands, the Mariana Islands, and the Caroline Islands. It was founded in 1565 with the first permanent Spanish forts.

For centuries, all the administrative, political and economic aspects of the Captaincy General were administered in Mexico City by the Viceroyalty of New Spain for the Spanish Crown. However, in 1821, following the independence of the Mexican Empire, all control was transferred to Madrid. It was succeeded by the short-lived First Philippine Republic following its independence through the Philippine Revolution.
Cill Na Martra GFC
Cill Na Martra GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the parish of Kilnamartyra, County Cork, Ireland. The club is a member of the Cork GAA and Muskerry divisional boards. The club fields teams in Gaelic football only, with no hurling played. The club is the home club of Noel O'Leary who won an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship medal with Cork in 2010.

2023 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship
The 2023 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the 18th staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 11 December 2022. The championship ran from 28 July to October 2023.

The final was played on 29 October 2023 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, between Cill na Martra and Bantry Blues, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cill na Martra won the match by 3-11 to 2-13 to claim their first ever championship title.

Arthur Coakley was the championship's top scorer with 3-20.
Jay Ward
Joseph Ward Cohen Jr. (September 20, 1920 – October 12, 1989), known professionally as Jay Ward, was an American animator and producer. He is best known for creating The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends, alongside works featuring a diverse selection of characters such as Crusader Rabbit, Rocky & Bullwinkle, Dudley Do-Right, Mr. Peabody, Hoppity Hooper, George of the Jungle, Tom Slick, and Super Chicken. His own company, Jay Ward Productions, designed the trademark characters for the Cap'n Crunch, Quisp, and Quake breakfast cereals and it made TV commercials for those products. Ward produced the non-animated series Fractured Flickers (1963) that featured comedic redubbing of silent films.

Fractured Flickers
Fractured Flickers is a  live-action syndicated half-hour comedy television program produced by Jay Ward, who is otherwise known for cartoons. The pilot film was produced in 1961 (hence the 1961 copyright notice on the animated main title), but the series was not completed until 1963. Twenty-six episodes were produced; they were syndicated by Desilu Productions and played for several years on local stations.
Point MacKenzie, Alaska
Point MacKenzie is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2020 census the population was 1,852, up from 529 in 2010.

Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska
Matanuska-Susitna Borough (often referred to as the Mat-Su Borough) is a borough located in the U.S. state of Alaska. Its borough seat is Palmer, and the largest incorporated community is  Wasilla. As of the 2020 census, the borough's population was 107,081.

The borough is part of the Anchorage Metropolitan Statistical Area, along with the municipality of Anchorage on its south.

The Mat-Su Borough is designated as so because it contains the entire Matanuska and Susitna Rivers. They empty into Cook Inlet, which is the southern border of the Mat-Su Borough. It is one of the few agricultural areas in Alaska.
Simians (Chinese poetry)
Simians of various sorts (including the monkey, gibbon, and other primates of real or mythological nature) are an important motif in Chinese poetry. Examples of simian imagery have an important place in Chinese poetry ranging from the Chu Ci poets through poets such as Li Bai, Wang Wei, Du Fu, and more. Various poetic concepts could be communicated by the inclusion of simian imagery in a poem, and the use of simian allusions can help provide key insights into the poems. The use of simians in Chinese poetry is part of a broader appearance of macaques and other monkeys in Chinese culture as well as the monkey-like gibbons and sometimes monkey-like creatures from Chinese mythology.

Xiao (mythology)
In Chinese mythology, the xiao is the name of several creatures, including the xiao (Chinese: 囂; pinyin: xiāo; Wade–Giles: hsiao1) "a long-armed ape" or "a four-winged bird" and shanxiao (Chinese: 山魈; pinyin: shānxiāo) "mischievous, one-legged mountain spirit". Furthermore, some Western sources misspell and misconstrue the older romanization hsiao as "hsigo" [sic] "a flying monkey".