hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bukoba
Bukoba is a city with a population of 144,938 (2022 census), situated in the northwest of Tanzania on the south-western shores of Lake Victoria. It is the capital of the Kagera region, and the administrative seat for Bukoba Urban District.

The city is served by Bukoba Airport and regular ferry connections to and from Mwanza, as well as roads to Uganda's Rakai District for cross-border commuters. Plans are underway for a standard gauge railway to Uganda.

Bukoba Airport
Bukoba Airport (IATA: BKZ, ICAO: HTBU) is a domestic airport located in the city of Bukoba, the capital of the Kagera Region in northwest Tanzania. It is adjacent to Lake Victoria.

The Bukoba non-directional beacon (Ident: BK) is located on the field.

A new asphalt runway and other improvements were completed between April 2011 and April 2014.
Shincliffe
Shincliffe is a village and civil parish in County Durham, England. The parish population (according to the 2011 census) was 1,796. It is situated just over 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south-east of Durham city centre, on the A177 road to Stockton. Shincliffe is also a civil and ecclesiastical parish consisting of Shincliffe Village, High Shincliffe, Sherburn House and Whitwell House.

Shincliffe is regarded as one of the most affluent villages in Durham City and has been designated a conservation area to preserve its historic character.

Whitwell House
Whitwell House is a place in the civil parish of Shincliffe, in County Durham, England situated a few miles to the south-east of Durham. It now consists of the hamlet of Whitwell Grange, but was from 1836 was the site of the village of Whitwell Colliery. The village declined following the closure of the colliery in 1875 and was described as 'almost deserted' by 1894. The chapelry was closely associated with the nearby Sherburn Hospital.
Cat-scratch disease
Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disease that most often results from a scratch or bite of a cat. Symptoms typically include a non-painful bump or blister at the site of injury and painful and swollen lymph nodes. People may feel tired, have a headache, or a fever. Symptoms typically begin within 3–14 days following infection.

Cat-scratch disease is caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, which is believed to be spread by the cat's saliva. Young cats pose a greater risk than older cats. The disease can be passed to a human from dog scratches or bites, but this is relatively rare. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms. Confirmation is possible by blood tests.

The primary treatment is supportive. Antibiotics speed healing and are recommended in those with severe disease or immune system problems. Recovery typically occurs within 4 months but can require a year. It affects approximately 1 in 10,000 people. It is more common in children.

Warthin–Starry stain
The Warthin–Starry stain (WS) is a silver nitrate-based staining method (a silver stain) used in histology. It was first introduced in 1920 by American pathologists Aldred Scott Warthin (1866–1931) and Allen Chronister Starry (1890–1973), for the detection of spirochetes. It has been considered a standard stain for the detection of spirochetes, and is also used to stain Helicobacter pylori, Lawsonia intracellularis, Microsporidia, and particulates. It is also important for confirmation of Bartonella henselae, a causative organism in cat-scratch disease.

Warthin–Starry stains organisms dark brown to black, and the background light golden brown/golden yellow.
Four Palaces
The Four Palaces (Tứ Phủ) are where “spirits of the Four Palaces” (thánh Tứ Phủ) reside in Vietnamese indigenous religion. The colour of the clothes of mediums reflects the token colour of each of the four spirits of which they are possessed. Trần Triều (lit. 'Trần Dynasty'), the spirit of Saint Trần altars associated with Trần Hưng Đạo, Supreme Commander of Đại Việt during the Trần Dynasty, is distinguished from the spirits of the four palaces. The chair of the four spirits is found in many temples in Vietnam.

The four palaces are:

Thiên phủ (Heavens Palace) ruled by mẫu Thượng Thiên (goddess of the upper sky)

Nhạc phủ (Forest Palace) ruled by mẫu Thượng Ngàn (goddess of the highlands), also known as Lâm Cung Thánh Mẫu (林宮聖母)

Thuỷ phủ (Water Palace) ruled by mẫu Thoải (Mother Water), also known as Thủy cung Thánh Mẫu (水宮聖母).

Địa phủ (Earth Palace) ruled by mẫu Địa Phủ, also known as Lục cung thánh mẫu

Mẫu Địa
Mẫu Địa Tiên (Chữ Hán: 
母地仙, Mother Goddess of Earth) (not to be mistaken with Quảng Cung or Phật Mẫu Diêu Trì), Mẫu Địa (Chữ Hán: 
母地) also known as Mẫu Địa Phủ  or Lục Cung Thánh Mẫu (Chữ Hán: 陆宮聖母) is one of the Mother Goddesses in Đạo Mẫu (Mother Goddess religion), an indigenous religion of Vietnam. She governs the Earth Palace, one of the Four Palaces which otherwise include Heaven Palace, Mountains and Forests Palace and Water Palace.

The devotees of Đạo Mẫu believe that Mother Goddess Liễu Hạnh is Mẫu Địa Tiên herself. As the representative of Mẫu Thiên Tiên (Mother Goddess of Heaven) on Earth and Mẫu Địa Tiên, she is the primary goddess of Đạo Mẫu.

Because Mẫu Địa Phủ governs the Earth Palace, she is associated with the token color of yellow. Each palace has a representative color. Red is Mẫu Thượng Thiên, Green is Mẫu Thượng Ngàn, White is Mẫu Thoải and Yellow is Mẫu Địa Tiên.
Hohner Pianet
The Hohner Pianet is a type of electro-mechanical piano built by the Hohner company of Trossingen, West Germany and designed by Ernst Zacharias. The Pianet was a variant of his earlier reed-based Hohner electric piano, the Cembalet, which, like the Pianet, was intended for home use. Hohner offered both keyboards in their range until 1968. The Pianet production consisted of two distinctly different mechanism groups with characteristically different sound. The first group, lasting from introduction to 1977, had ground stainless steel reeds, a pick-up using variable capacitance, and leather-faced activation pads. The second group from 1977 until the end of production used rolled spring-steel reeds, electro-magnetic pick-ups, and moulded silicone rubber activation pads.

Clavinet
The Clavinet is an electric clavichord invented by Ernst Zacharias and manufactured by the Hohner company of Trossingen, West Germany, from 1964 to 1982. The instrument produces sounds with rubber pads, each matching one of the keys and responding to a keystroke by striking a given point on a tensioned string, and was designed to resemble the Renaissance-era clavichord.

Although originally intended for home use, the Clavinet became popular on stage, and could be used to create electric guitar sounds on a keyboard. It is strongly associated with the musician Stevie Wonder, who used the instrument extensively, particularly on his 1972 hit "Superstition", and was regularly featured in rock, funk and reggae music throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Modern digital keyboards can emulate the Clavinet sound, but there is also a grass-roots industry of repairers who continue to maintain the instrument.
Kyburg family
The Kyburg family (/ˈkaɪbɜːrɡ/; German: [ˈkyːbʊʁk]; also Kiburg) was a noble family of grafen (counts) in the Duchy of Swabia, a cadet line of the counts of Dillingen, who in the late 12th and early 13th centuries ruled the County of Kyburg, corresponding to much of what is now Northeastern Switzerland.

The family was one of the four most powerful noble families in the Swiss plateau (beside the House of Habsburg, the House of Zähringen and the House of Savoy) during the 12th century. With the extinction of the Kyburg family's male line in 1264, Rudolph of Habsburg laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them to the Habsburg holdings, establishing the line of "Neu-Kyburg", which was in turn extinct in 1417.

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.
Lenny McPherson
Leonard Arthur McPherson (born Balmain, New South Wales 19 May 1921; died Cessnock, New South Wales, 28 August 1996) was one of the most notorious and powerful Australian career criminals of the late 20th century. McPherson is believed to have controlled most of Sydney's organised crime activity for several decades, alongside his contemporary Abe Saffron (who was dubbed "Mr Sin") and associate, bookmaker George Freeman.

Gunner Kelly
Raymond William "Gunner" Kelly, MBE (3 February 1906 – 11 August 1977) was an Australian police officer who was a detective inspector with NSW Police. He became famous during his career owing to his high-profile cases and results thereof. He was later alleged to have been deeply involved in corruption and organised crime.
Millville, Utah
Millville is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States. The population was 2,222 at the 2020 census, with an estimated population of 2,300 in 2022. It is included in the Logan, Utah-Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Logan metropolitan area
The Logan Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, consists of two counties – one in Utah and one in Idaho, anchored by the city of Logan. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 125,442 (the Census Bureau estimate for July 1, 2014 placed the population at 131,364). 
As of the 2020 Census, the population had risen to 147,908, and further expanded to an estimated 155,362 as of 2022. The Logan metropolitan area is colloquially called Cache Valley, where most of the population resides.
3-subset meet-in-the-middle attack
The 3-subset meet-in-the-middle (hereafter shortened MITM) attack is a variant of the generic meet-in-the-middle attack, which is used in cryptology for hash and block cipher cryptanalysis. The 3-subset variant opens up the possibility to apply MITM attacks on ciphers, where it is not trivial to divide the keybits into two independent key-spaces, as required by the MITM attack.

The 3-subset variant relaxes the restriction for the key-spaces to be independent, by moving the intersecting parts of the keyspaces into a subset, which contains the keybits common between the two key-spaces.

Meet-in-the-middle attack
The meet-in-the-middle attack (MITM), a known-plaintext attack, is a generic space–time tradeoff cryptographic attack against encryption schemes that rely on performing multiple encryption operations in sequence. The MITM attack is the primary reason why Double DES is not used and why a Triple DES key (168-bit) can be brute-forced by an attacker with 256 space and 2112 operations.
Roger de Montalt, 1st Baron Montalt
Roger de Montalt, 1st Baron Montalt (1265–1297) (aka Monte Alto) was a baron who rebelled for a time against Henry III of England. Roger was one of the sons of Sir Robert de Monaut, Knight  (born 1230, married 1261, died 1275 in Arden, Cheshire). Robert married Joan Mowbray. Joan (1247–1284) was born in Pontefract, W-Riding, Yorkshire (daughter of Roger Mowbray). Roger was the brother of another Robert de Montalt.

Montalt was one of the defenders of Cambridge for King Henry III. During the reign of Edward I, he served overseas in the Gascon wars. In 1295, he was summoned to Parliament as a baron.

Roger Montalt married Juliana, a daughter of Roger de Clifford, but they had no surviving children.

When Montalt died in 1297, his estates passed to his younger brother Robert (1270-1329), and his barony became extinct.  A new creation of the Montalt barony was created by writ of summons in 1299, for his brother Robert de Montalt.

Robert de Montalt, 1st Baron Montalt
Robert de Montalt, 1st Baron Montalt (1270–1329), Lord of Mold and Hawarden, was an English noble. He was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301.

He was the son of Robert de Montalt and Joan de Mowbray, and was the younger brother of Roger de Montalt, 1st Baron Montalt.

Montalt married Emma, widow of Richard FitzJohn (died 1297) (son of John Fitz Geoffrey, Justice of Ireland). They had no issue.

Robert served in the Scottish and Gascon wars of Edward I and Edward II. De Montalt was summoned to Parliament as Baron Montalt in 1299. His summons as Baron Montalt was not a continuation of the 1297 barony, but a new creation.

At his death in 1329, the barony became extinct. He settled his lands on Queen Isabella (mother of King Edward III and thereafter to John of Eltham, brother of Edward III. His wife Emma survived him.
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant
The Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant, more commonly known by its acronym SEOG, is a federal assistance grant reserved for college students with the greatest need for financial aid to attend school. To be eligible for this grant, applicants must meet all of the following criteria:

To be a United States citizen or eligible non-citizen,

To not have a bachelor's degree,

To not be in default of any federal student loan,

To not have a Federal Pell Grant overpayment,

To file their FAFSA.

The maximum FSEOG is $4,000 a year and the amount applicants are eligible for is at the discretion of the college. To obtain the FSEOG, the student must accomplish and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

Student financial aid in the United States
Student financial aid in the United States is funding that is available exclusively to students attending a post-secondary educational institution in the United States. This funding is used to assist in covering the many costs incurred in pursuing post-secondary education. Financial aid is available from federal and state governments, educational institutions, and private organizations. It can be awarded through grants, loans, work-study, and scholarships. To apply for federal financial aid, students must first complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

The financial aid process has been criticized for its part in enrollment management, whereby students are awarded money not based on merit or need, but on the maximum the student families will pay.
Friern Barnet Parishioners War Memorial
Friern Barnet Parishioners War Memorial is located in the churchyard of St James the Great, Friern Barnet Lane, London. It commemorates those of the parish who died on active service during the First World War.

St James the Great, Friern Barnet
St James the Great, Friern Barnet, is a former Church of England church in Friern Barnet, north London. It is currently leased to the local Greek Orthodox community as St Katherine's. Church of England services for Friern Barnet have been transferred to St John the Evangelist on Friern Barnet Road.
Orthosia (Caria)
Orthosia (Ancient Greek: Ὀρθωσία) was a town of ancient Caria, inhabited during Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine times. It was not far from Alabanda, on the left bank of the Maeander River, and apparently on or near a hill of the same name. Near this town the Rhodians gained a victory over the Carians. It was the seat of a bishop from an early date, and, while no longer a residential bishopric, it remains under the name Orthosias in Caria a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Its site is located near Yenipazar in Asiatic Turkey.

Caria
Caria (/ˈkɛəriə/; from Greek: Καρία, Karia; Turkish: Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian mainlanders and they called themselves Caria because of the name of their king. He reports the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians spoke Carian, a native Anatolian language closely related to Luwian. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians.
Kurt Hirsch
Kurt August Hirsch (12 January 1906 – 4 November 1986) was a German mathematician who moved to England to escape the Nazi persecution of Jews. His research was in group theory. He also worked to reform mathematics education and became a county chess champion. The Hirsch length and Hirsch–Plotkin radical are named after him.

Hirsch trained initially at the University of Berlin. In 1934 he fled Nazi Germany and arrived in Cambridge, where with the encouragement of Philip Hall he enrolled as a doctoral student at King's College, Cambridge, receiving his PhD on Infinite Soluble Groups in 1937. He then taught at the University of Leicester from 1938 (except for a brief internment on the Isle of Man as an enemy alien in 1940), moved to King's College, Newcastle in 1948, and then moved again to Queen Mary College in London in 1951, where he stayed for the remainder of his career and worked with K. W. Gruenberg.

Hirsch's doctoral students include Ismail Mohamed and Ascher Wagner.

Ascher Wagner
Ascher Otto Wagner (12 October 1930, in Vienna – 27 May 2000, in London) was an Austrian and British mathematician, specializing in the theory of finite groups and finite projective planes. He is known for the Dembowski–Wagner theorem.

Ascher Wagner received his Ph.D. in 1958 with the dissertation Some Problems on Projective Planes and Related Topics in the Theory of Algebraic Operations supervised by Kurt Hirsch. Wagner was a faculty member at the University of London and then at the University of Birmingham.

In 1958 he married Gillian Mary Jaidka (1929–1993) in Hampstead, London.
Sørvágsvatn
Leitisvatn, sometimes called Sørvágsvatn, is the largest lake in the Faroe Islands. It is situated on the island of Vágar, between the municipalities of Sørvágur and Vágar. The local reference is mostly just Vatnið ("The lake"). The area is 3.4 km2 (1.3 sq mi), more than three times the size of Fjallavatn, the second largest lake, also located on Vágar.

Vágar
Vágar (Faroese pronunciation: [vɔːaɹ]; Danish: Vågø) is one of the 18 islands in the archipelago of the Faroe Islands and the most westerly of the large islands. With a size of 178 square kilometres (69 square miles), it ranks third in size, behind Streymoy and Eysturoy. Vágar region also comprises the island of Mykines.

The Vágar island shape is very distinctive, since on maps it resembles a dog's head. The fjord Sørvágsfjørður is the mouth and the lake Fjallavatn is the eye.
Baillieston Juniors F.C.
Baillieston Juniors Football Club were a Scottish football club based in Baillieston, Glasgow, who played in Scottish Junior Football Association competitions from 1919 until 2003. They won the Scottish Junior Cup once, in 1980.

Baillieston
Baillieston (Scots: Bailiestoun) is a working class suburb of Glasgow, Scotland. It is about 7 miles (11 km) east of the city centre.

It also gives its name to Ward 20 of Glasgow City Council and forms part of the Glasgow East constituency of the UK Parliament.
Heterodox economics
Heterodox economics is a broad, relative term referring to schools of economic thought which are not commonly perceived as belonging to mainstream economics. There is no absolute definition of what constitutes heterodox economic thought, as it is defined in contrast to the most prominent, influential or popular schools of thought in a given time and place.

Groups typically classed as heterodox in current discourse include the Austrian, ecological, Marxist-historical, post-Keynesian, and modern monetary approaches.

Four frames of analysis have been highlighted for their importance to heterodox thought: history, natural systems, uncertainty, and power.

Economist Frederic S. Lee, in 2007 believed 5 to 10 percent of the American economists were heterodox, from both left and right-wing schools.

Frank Stilwell (economist)
Franklin J.B. Stilwell (born 1944) is an Australian political economist and Professor Emeritus. He is known for establishing, with Evan Jones, Gavan Butler, Margaret Power, Debesh Bhattacharya, Geelum Simpson-Lee and Ted Wheelwright, an independent political economy department at the University of Sydney. His research interests include theories of political economy, inequality, urbanization, and regional development, Australian economic policy and the nature of work. His textbooks on the subject are standard teaching material for all university students in Australia studying the field of Political Economy. Stilwell's contribution to heterodox economics makes him a noteworthy figure of the Australian New Left.
Greek and Coptic
Greek and Coptic is the Unicode block for representing modern (monotonic) Greek. It was originally also used for writing Coptic, using the similar Greek letters in addition to the uniquely Coptic additions. Beginning with version 4.1 of the Unicode Standard, a separate Coptic block has been included in Unicode, allowing for mixed Greek/Coptic text that is stylistically contrastive, as is convention in scholarly works. Writing polytonic Greek requires the use of combining characters or the precomposed vowel + tone characters in the Greek Extended character block.

Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was simply Greek, although Coptic letters were already included.

Greek Extended
Greek Extended is a Unicode block containing the accented vowels necessary for writing polytonic Greek. The regular, unaccented Greek characters as well as the characters with tonos and diaeresis can be found in the Greek and Coptic block. Greek Extended was encoded in version 1.1 of the Unicode Standard. As an alternative to Greek Extended, combining characters can be used to represent the tones and breath marks of polytonic Greek.

In this block, the letters with oxia (acute accent) and no other accent are not used in any of the Unicode normalizations. Decomposition of U+1F71 ά GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA, for example, yields U+03B1 α GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA followed by a U+0301 ◌́ COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT, while composition yields the same letter with tonos, U+03AC ά GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS, from the Greek and Coptic block.
Bambuco
Bambuco is a traditional music genre from Colombia. Its metric structure is similar to the European waltz or polska (not to be confused with the polka). Typically a bambuco piece is accompanied by a stylized group dance in either a 68 or 34 meter.

Bambuco took a cultural foothold in the Andean region of Colombia and has spread in popularity throughout Latin America. The Festival Folclórico y Reinado Nacional del Bambuco in Neiva is a festival celebrating bambuco music.

"Cuatro Preguntas" is one of the most famous songs in the genre, having been included by El Tiempo at No. 8 on its list of the 50 best Colombian songs of all time.

Festival Folclórico y Reinado Nacional del Bambuco
The "Festival del Bambuco en San Juan y San Pedro", formerly called "Festival Folclórico y Reinado Nacional del Bambuco" or Bambuco Pageant and Folkloric Festival in English, is the largest and most important celebration in Huila Department and one of the most important celebrations in southern Colombia. It is celebrated annually in the city of Neiva during the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul and attracts a considerable number of Colombian and foreign tourists. The festival was declared National Cultural heritage by the Congress of Colombia in 2006.

The Festivity is formed by three events, the Folkloric Festival, the Bambuco Pageant and the International Folklore Exposition. The Festival celebrates Bambuco music.