hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mary Foote
Mary Foote (November 25, 1872 – January 28, 1968) was an American painter and producer of notes of Carl Jung's seminars. As an artist, she lived and worked in New York's Washington Square, Paris and Peking. From 1928 to the 1950s she lived in Zürich and created and published notes of Carl Jung's seminars until World War II. She returned to the United States in the 1950s and spent her later years in Connecticut, where she died.

Mabel Dodge Luhan
Mabel Evans Dodge Sterne Luhan (pronounced LOO-hahn; née Ganson; February 26, 1879 – August 13, 1962) was an American memoirist and patron of the arts, who was particularly associated with the Taos art colony.
Harden Shire
Harden Shire was a local government area in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire included the twin towns of Harden and Murrumburrah and the small towns of Galong, Jugiong, Wombat and Kingsvale.

The Shire was established in 1975 from the merger of the Municipality of Murrumburrah with Demondrille Shire. In 2016, Harden Shire was amalgamated with Boorowa Shire and Young Shire to create Hilltops Council.

The last mayor of Harden Shire was Cr. John Horton, an unaligned politician.

Demondrille Shire
Demondrille Shire was a local government area in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia.

The Shire was established on 7 March 1906 and its offices were based in the town of Murrumburrah but the Harden-Murrumburrah urban area was not in Demondrille Shire. The area covered by the shire was unincorporated prior to its creation. In 1975 Demondrille Shire was merged with the Municipality of Murrumburrah to form Harden Shire.
Takemoto Gidayū
Takemoto Gidayū (竹本 義太夫, 1651 – 18 October 1714) was a jōruri chanter and the creator of a style of chanted narration for Japan's puppet theatre which has been used ever since. The name "gidayū" has since become the term for all jōruri chanters. He was a close colleague of the famous playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon, and founder and manager of the Takemoto-za puppet theatre.

Originally known as Kiyomizu Gorōbei, he took on the name Takemoto Gidayū no Jō in 1701.

Bunraku
Bunraku (文楽; Japanese pronunciation: [bɯꜜn.ɾa.kɯ]) is a form of traditional Japanese puppet theatre, founded in Osaka in the beginning of the 17th century, which is still performed in the modern day. Three kinds of performers take part in a bunraku performance: the Ningyōtsukai or Ningyōzukai (puppeteers), the tayū (chanters), and shamisen musicians. Occasionally other instruments such as taiko drums will be used.
The combination of chanting and shamisen playing is called jōruri and the Japanese word for puppet (or dolls, generally) is ningyō. It is used in many plays.
Shire of Wellington
The Shire of Wellington is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the eastern part of the state. It covers an area of 10,817 square kilometres (4,176 sq mi) and in June 2018 had a population of 44,019. It includes the major towns of Heyfield, Rosedale, Maffra, Sale, Stratford and Yarram.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Wellington Shire Council. Its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Sale; it also has service centres located in Maffra, Stratford and Rosedale. The Shire is named after a major geographical feature in the region, Lake Wellington, which is located in the south-east of the LGA.

Heyfield
Heyfield is a town in Victoria, Australia, with a population of 2050. It is 206 kilometres (128 mi) east of Melbourne, in the Shire of Wellington local government area.  Located on the Thomson River, Heyfield is a gateway to the Victorian High Country.
Garzigliana
Garzigliana is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Turin.

Garzigliana borders the following municipalities: Pinerolo, Osasco, Macello, Bricherasio, and Cavour.

Osasco, Piedmont
Osasco is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Turin.

Osasco borders the following municipalities: Pinerolo, San Secondo di Pinerolo, Bricherasio, and Garzigliana.
Denis Galloway
William Albert Denis Galloway (5 March 1878 – 7 May 1957) was a Scottish ethnographic artist and photographer. The elder son of Sir William Galloway (1840–1927), Mining Professor at University College of Wales in Cardiff, and Christiana Maud Mary Gordon (1853–1880).  His younger brother was Christian Francis John Galloway (1880–1969).  Galloway was a renowned ethnographic artist and photographer who travelled extensively in Europe, whilst living firstly in Zeeland and later in Romania, recording the customs and costumes of the local people, from about 1914 until he returned to England in 1950.

C. F. J. Galloway
Christian Francis John Galloway BSc F.R.G.S., F.R.C.I. (13 May 1880 – 31 August 1969) was of Scottish descent, born at Llantrissant Dinas, Wales, the second son of Sir William Galloway (1840–1927), mining engineer, and Christiana Maud Mary Gordon (1853–1880), and younger brother of William Albert Denis Galloway (1878–1957). He qualified as a mining engineer, and was later employed by the governments of British Columbia and Sarawak in Borneo to survey coal deposits.

He joined the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers in 1897, and served with them in South Africa during the Boer War, in France during the World War I, and later in Mesopotamia and Persia, rising to the rank of Major by 1920.

He is a well respected travel writer, whose insight into the country and people he encountered during his time in Canada are referred to in other journals up to the present day.
Doctrine of lapse
The doctrine of lapse was a policy of annexation initiated by the East India Company in the Indian subcontinent for the princely states, and applied until the year 1858, the year after Company rule was succeeded by the British Raj under the British Crown.

The policy is associated with James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie.

Elements of the doctrine of lapse continued to be applied by the post-independence Indian government to derecognise individual princely families until 1971, when the recognition of former ruling families was discontinued under the 26th Amendment to the Indian constitution by the Indira Gandhi government.

Carnatic Sultanate
The Carnatic Sultanate, also known as Carnatic State or Arcot State, was a kingdom in southern India between about 1690 and 1855, ruled by a Muslim nawab under the legal purview of the Nizam of Hyderabad, until their demise. They initially had their capital at Arcot in the present-day Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Their rule is an important period in the history of the Carnatic and Coromandel Coast regions, in which the Mughal Empire gave way to the rising influence of the Maratha India, and later the emergence of the British India.
Secret Machines
Secret Machines are an American alternative rock band, originally from Dallas, Texas, before moving to New York City. The original lineup consisted of two brothers, Brandon (vocals, bass guitar and keyboards) and Benjamin Curtis (guitar and backing vocals), and Josh Garza (drums). Benjamin left the band in March 2007 to focus on his work with School of Seven Bells, and was replaced on guitar by Phil Karnats. The re-activated band is a two-piece, with the remaining members being Brandon Curtis and Josh Garza.

The Moth, the Lizard, and the Secret Machines
The Moth, the Lizard, and the Secret Machines is the fifth full-length studio album by American indie rock band Secret Machines, released by TSM Recordings on February 17, 2023. It is the second release after the death of former guitarist Benjamin Curtis and includes recordings finalized from his lifetime.
Zhongshan Park station (Shanghai Metro)
Zhongshan Park (Chinese: 中山公园; pinyin: Zhōngshān Gōngyuán) is the name of an interchange station between Lines 2, 3 and 4 on the Shanghai Metro, named after Shanghai's largest commercial park which is located nearby. This station served as the western terminus of Line 2 from the line's opening on 20 September 1999 until the first westward extension to Songhong Road opened on 30 December 2006. The interchanges with Lines 3 and 4 opened on 27 December 2000 and the final day of 2005, respectively, and are part of both lines' initial sections.
Immediately to the northeast of the station is the Cloud Nine shopping mall, visible from the elevated Lines 3 and 4.

Line 2 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 2 is an east–west line in the Shanghai Metro network. With a length of nearly 64 km (40 mi), it is the second longest line in the metro system after line 11. Line 2 runs from Panxiang Road · Shanghai National Accounting Institute station in the west to Pudong Airport Terminal 1&2 in the east, passing Hongqiao Airport, the Huangpu river, and the Lujiazui Financial District in Pudong. With a daily ridership of over 1.9 million, it is the busiest line on the Shanghai Metro. The eastern portion of the line, Guanglan Road - Pudong International Airport section, was operated as an independent service route until April 19, 2019, when through service began. The line is colored light green on system maps.
Eaton Footbridge
Eaton Footbridge is a wooden footbridge across the River Thames in Oxfordshire, England. It is situated on the reach above Grafton Lock.

The bridge was built in 1936 on the site of the last flash lock on the river which was in a weir known as Hart's Weir. The weir and lock, the last remaining on the Thames, were removed that year leaving the mooring cuts which are still in use. There was a lock keeper at the weir and a walkway across which is the precedent for the current bridge. The flash lock was notoriously difficult and Thacker quoted Henry Taunt: "I recollect one winter in passing this very weir, when lying on my back in the boat to get through, scraping a fair amount of skin off my nose and face though contact with the bridge whilst going under it."

Grafton Lock
Grafton Lock is a lock on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, England. It is on the northern bank between Kelmscott and Radcot, about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the hamlet of Grafton. The lock was built by the Thames Conservancy in 1896.

The weir is on the other side of the lock island at the upstream end.

Grafton Lock Meadow at the lock is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Internal affairs doctrine
The internal affairs doctrine is a choice of law rule in corporate law.  Simply stated, it provides that the "internal affairs" of a corporation (e.g. conflicts between shareholders and management figures such as the board of directors and corporate officers) will be governed by the corporate statutes and case law of the state in which the corporation is incorporated, sometimes referred to as the lex incorporationis.

Choice of law
Choice of law is a procedural stage in the litigation of a case involving the conflict of laws when it is necessary to reconcile the differences between the laws of different legal jurisdictions, such as sovereign states, federated states (as in the US), or provinces. The outcome of this process is potentially to require the courts of one jurisdiction to apply the law of a different jurisdiction in lawsuits arising from, say, family law, tort, or contract. The law which is applied is sometimes referred to as the "proper law." Dépeçage is an issue within choice of law.
Deer Isle, Maine
Deer Isle is a town in Hancock County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,194 at the 2020 census. Notable landmarks in Deer Isle are the Haystack Mountain School of Crafts, Stonington Opera House, and the town's many art galleries.

Deer Isle (island)
Deer Isle is an island in Hancock County, Maine, United States. There are two communities on the island, Deer Isle and Stonington.  
It is on the eastern side of Penobscot Bay, connected by road to the Maine mainland through Little Deer Isle. Its only vehicular connection to the mainland is State Route 15 over Deer Isle Bridge.
Nome, Norway
Nome is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Midt-Telemark and historically part of the Grenland region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ulefoss. Other villages include Bjervamoen, Ulefoss, Helgja, Flåbygd, and Svenseid.

The 430-square-kilometre (170 sq mi) municipality is the 230th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Nome is the 150th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,559. The municipality's population density is 17 inhabitants per square kilometre (44/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1% over the previous 10-year period.

Nome is a large agricultural and forestry municipality. The agricultural area in Nome is approximately 27,000 decares (10 sq mi). Forest harvesting averaged 36,000 cubic metres (1,300,000 cu ft) annually in the five-year period 2017–2021. Just over half was spruce, the rest was pine.

Bjervamoen
Bjervamoen or Lunde is a village in Nome Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located along the river Straumen, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the village of Ulefoss, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of Flåbygd, and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Bø i Telemark. The village is located along the Telemark Canal and the Sørlandsbanen railway line.

The 1.59-square-kilometre (390-acre) village has a population (2022) of 1,471 and a population density of 927 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,400/sq mi).

The village was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Lunde which existed until 1964. Since then, the village area has also been informally known as "Lunde". Lunde Church is located in the village.
Ingeborg of Norway
Ingeborg of Norway (Old Norse: Ingibjörg Hákonardóttir; Swedish: Ingeborg Håkansdotter; Norwegian: Ingebjørg Håkonsdatter; 1301 – 17 June 1361) was a Norwegian princess and by marriage a Swedish royal duchess with a position in the regency governments in Norway (1319–1327) and Sweden (1319–1326) during the minority of her son, King Magnus Eriksson. In 1318–1319, she was Sweden's de facto ruler, and from 1319 until 1326, she was Sweden's first de jure female regent. Her role in northern European history is considered of major importance.

Erik Magnusson (duke)
Erik Magnusson (c. 1282 – 1318) was a Swedish duke and the second son of King Magnus Ladulås. His duchy consisted of large parts of Sweden, as well as smaller parts of Norway and Denmark. He had a troubled relationship with his brother, King Birger Magnusson, with several uprisings as a result. His son, Magnus, became the king of Norway and Sweden. The Erik's Chronicle, the oldest Swedish chronicle, is named for him.
Mawangdui Subdistrict
The Mawangdui subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 马王堆街道; traditional Chinese: 馬王堆街道; pinyin: mǎwángduī jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Furong District, Changsha, Hunan. It is located on the central east of Furong. The subdistrict is bordered by Xianghu to the west, Huoxing and Dongtundu subdistricts to the south, Mapoling to the east, and Kaifu District across the Liuyang River to the north. Mawangdui is subdivided into three communities and two villages, with a population of 54,600 in 2012.

The place is famous for the archaeological excavations of the Mawangdui western Han tombs, which are located at the central south of Mawangdui subdistrict. The tombs were excavated from 1972 to 1974, and all the artifacts from the tombs are on display at the Hunan Provincial Museum. The archaeological site is one of the important tourist and cultural attractions in Changsha.

Furong, Changsha
Furong District (simplified Chinese: 芙蓉区; traditional Chinese: 芙蓉區; pinyin: Fúróng Qū; lit. 'Hibiscus mutabilis') is one of six urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, Hunan Province, China. It is the smallest district of Changsha by area. Furong District is a part of the core of the Changsha urban area, located in the midst of the city. The district is bordered by Yuhua District to the south, Changsha County to the east, Kaifu District to the northwest, and Tianxin District to the southwest. Furong covers 42.68 km2 (16.48 sq mi) with population of 539,200 (as of 2014), registered population of 403,948. The district has 13 subdistricts under its jurisdiction. The government seat is at Dongtundu subdistrict.
Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.

Debugging
In engineering, debugging is the process of finding the root cause, workarounds, and possible fixes for bugs.

For software, debugging tactics can involve interactive debugging, control flow analysis, log file analysis, monitoring at the application or system level, memory dumps, and profiling. Many programming languages and software development tools also offer programs to aid in debugging, known as debuggers.
North Birmingham Academy
North Birmingham Academy is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in the Perry Common area of Birmingham, West Midlands, England.

Previously a community school administered by Birmingham City Council, the school converted to academy status on 1 January 2010 and is now sponsored by E-ACT. However North Birmingham Academy continues to coordinate with Birmingham City Council for admissions. The school moved into new buildings in 2013.

North Birmingham Academy offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A-levels and further BTECs. The school had specialisms in English and the arts before the specialist school programme was scrapped by the coalition government in 2010.

The school was founded as Perry Common Comprehensive School and was also known as College High School for several years.

E-ACT
E-ACT is a multi-academy trust responsible for 38 academies in England. Over 93% are now rated as “Good” or better by Ofsted.

As an academy trust, it is an exempt charity regulated by the Department for Education.
Donald Milne
Donald George Milne (July 16, 1934 – January 24, 2016) was an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Barre, Vermont, Milne graduated from Spaulding High School in 1952, Boston University (1957), and New York Law School (1959). He served on the Washington, Vermont selectboard and on the Washington school board. Milne also served in the Vermont House of Representatives in 1967. He then served as clerk of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1993 until his retirement in 2015. His wife, Marion Milne, also served in the Vermont House.

Milne died of cancer in Washington, Vermont.

His son, Scott Milne, now runs Milne Travel and was the unsuccessful 2014 Republican gubernatorial candidate in Vermont.

His cousin, James F. Milne, served as Secretary of State of Vermont from 1995 to 1999.

Scott Milne
Scott Edward Milne (born March 10, 1959) is an American businessman and political candidate from North Pomfret, Vermont. A Republican, Milne was the party's nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Vermont in 2020, losing to Democrat Molly Gray; the nominee for United States Senate in 2016, losing to incumbent Democrat Patrick Leahy; and the nominee for Governor of Vermont in 2014, losing to two-term incumbent Peter Shumlin in the closest gubernatorial election in Vermont since 1962.
G.I. Joe (1991 video game)
G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero is a 1991 run and gun game published by Taxan for the Nintendo Entertainment System based on the toyline of the same name. The game was produced by Ken Lobb and developed by the same Japanese team that later formed KID. A sequel developed by the same team, titled G.I. Joe: The Atlantis Factor, was released the following year, but was published by Capcom after Taxan went out of business.

G.I. Joe on the NES garnered positive reception from reviewers since its initial release; praise was given to the colorful graphics, ability to choose between characters and form a team, soundtrack, controls, gameplay and music but the occasional flickering issues was criticized. Retrospective commentary has been positive.

Hawk (G.I. Joe)
Hawk is a fictional character from the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero media franchise. He is one of the original members of the G.I. Joe Team, and debuted in 1982 as a Missile Commander, but was later promoted to full commander of the team. Hawk is portrayed by Dennis Quaid in the 2009 live-action film G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra.
Fort William College
Fort William College (also known as the College of Fort William) was an academy of oriental studies and a centre of learning, founded on 18 August 1800 by Lord Wellesley, then Governor-General of British India, located within the Fort William complex in Calcutta. Wellesley started the Fort William College with the original intention that it would serve as a training ground for future European administrators. He backdated the statute of foundation to 4 May 1800, to commemorate the first anniversary of his victory over Tipu Sultan at Seringapatam. Numerous books were translated from Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, Bengali, Hindi, and Urdu into English at this institution.

Fort William, West Bengal
Fort William, officially Vijay Durg, is a fort in Hastings, Calcutta (Kolkata). It was built during the early years of Britain's administration of Bengal. It sits on the eastern banks of the River Hooghly, the major distributary of the River Ganga. One of Kolkata's most enduring British-era military fortifications, other than those in Bombay (Mumbai) and Madras (Chennai), it extends over an area of seventy hectares.

The fort was named after King William III. In front of the Fort is the Maidan, the largest park in the country. An internal guard room became the Black Hole of Calcutta. Today the fort is the headquarters of Eastern Command of the Indian Army.
Father and Son (comics)
Father and Son (German: Vater und Sohn) are cartoon figures created by E. O. Plauen (often stylized as e.o.plauen). The pantomime comic depicts a plump, balding father and his son grappling with various everyday situations. The cartoon was a weekly feature in the Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung from 1934 to 1937.

The comic was an inspiration for Marc Sleen's own gag-a-day comic Piet Fluwijn en Bolleke.

Silent comics
Silent comics (or pantomime comics) are comics which are delivered in mime. They make use of little or no dialogue, speech balloons or captions written underneath the images. Instead, the stories or gags are told entirely through pictures.
Watsonia versfeldii
Watsonia versfeldii is a plant belonging to the genus Watsonia and forming part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in the Piketberg and Porterville Mountains. There are a few small scattered, subpopulations but there are no threats to the plant.

Watsonia (plant)
Watsonia (bugle lily) is a genus of plants in the family Iridaceae, subfamily Crocoideae. Watsonias are native to southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini). The genus is named after Sir William Watson, an 18th-century British botanist.