hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gnarled enamel
Gnarled enamel is a description of enamel seen in histologic sections of a tooth underneath a cusp. This is optical appearance of enamel. The enamel appears different and very complex under the cusp, but this is not due to a different arrangement of dental tissues.  Instead, the enamel still has the same arrangement of enamel rods.  The strange appearance results from the lines of enamel rods directed vertically under a cusp and from their orientation in a small circumference.

Gnarled enamel can sometimes be a problem for dentists; although experienced dentists have no problem identifying gnarled enamel and making the correct preparations, some inexperienced dentists face problems when performing a standard filling or root canal. The gnarled enamel can cause the drill problems and in some cases the dentist must replace the drill burr. The toughness of gnarled enamel varies from patient to patient and usually is nothing to be concerned about.

Tooth enamel
Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many animals, including some species of fish. It makes up the normally visible part of the tooth, covering the crown. The other major tissues are dentin, cementum, and dental pulp. It is a very hard, white to off-white, highly mineralised substance that acts as a barrier to protect the tooth but can become susceptible to degradation, especially by acids from food and drink. In rare circumstances enamel fails to form, leaving the underlying dentin exposed on the surface.
Welsh Conservatives
The Welsh Conservative Party (Welsh: Plaid Ceidwadwyr Cymreig), commonly the Welsh Conservatives (Welsh: Ceidwadwyr Cymreig), is the branch of the United Kingdom Conservative Party that operates in Wales. At Westminster elections and as of 1999, it was the second-most popular political party in Wales by vote share, having obtained the second-largest share of the vote at every general election since 1931. In Senedd elections, the Conservatives are currently the second-most supported party but have at times been third. Presently, they hold 13 of the 60 seats in the Senedd and none of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons.

Nick Bourne
Nicholas Henry Bourne, Baron Bourne of Aberystwyth (born 1 January 1952) is a Conservative Party politician who served as Leader of the Welsh Conservative Party and Member of the Welsh Assembly for Mid and West Wales from August 1999 until May 2011.

During the 2011 National Assembly for Wales election he unexpectedly lost his regional list seat, due to Conservative gains at constituency level. He was elevated to the House of Lords in September 2013, and the following year, became a government whip.
Nosratabad
Nosratabad (Persian: نصرت آباد) is a city in, and the capital of, Nosratabad District of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Nosratabad Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Shahrak-e Hesaruiyeh. Nosratabad lies on the road from Zahedan to Bam.

Shahrak-e Hesaruiyeh
Shahrak-e Hesaruiyeh (Persian: شهرک حصاروییه) is a village in, and the capital of, Nosratabad Rural District of Nosratabad District, Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Nosratabad, now a city.
UMA Acceleration Architecture
In computing, UMA Acceleration Architecture (UXA) is the reimplementation of the EXA graphics acceleration architecture of the X.Org Server developed by Intel. Its major difference with EXA is the use of GEM, replacing Translation Table Maps. In February 2009 it became clear that UXA would not be merged back into EXA.

Intel is transitioning from UXA to SNA.

EXA
In computing, EXA is a graphics acceleration architecture of the X.Org Server (see also X Window System) designed to replace XAA (the XFree86 Acceleration Architecture) and to make the XRender extension more usable, with only minor changes needed to adapt obsolete XFree86 video drivers written to use XAA; it was designed by Zack Rusin and announced at LinuxTag 2005 and first released with X.Org Server version 6.9/7.0.
Mindhunter (TV series)
Mindhunter is an American psychological crime thriller television series created by Joe Penhall, based on the 1995 true-crime book Mindhunter: Inside the FBI's Elite Serial Crime Unit by John E. Douglas and Mark Olshaker. The series debuted in 2017 and ran for two seasons. Executive producers included Penhall, Charlize Theron, and David Fincher, with Fincher serving as the series' most frequent director and de facto showrunner, overseeing many of the scriptwriting and production processes. The series stars Jonathan Groff, Holt McCallany, and Anna Torv, and follows the founding of the Behavioral Science Unit in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and the beginning of criminal profiling.

The first season of 10 episodes debuted worldwide on Netflix on October 13, 2017. The second season was released by Netflix on August 16, 2019. A potential third season was put on indefinite hold in 2020. In 2023, Fincher said the series was definitely over.

William Pierce (serial killer)
William Joseph Pierce Jr. (October 11, 1931 – May 31, 2020) was an American serial killer who committed a series of at least nine murders in three states from June 1970 to January 1971. After his capture, he admitted his guilt, was convicted and sentenced to several terms of life imprisonment. In 1974, Pierce renounced his confession, but all of his subsequent appeals for a retrial were denied.
Taifa of Granada
The Taifa of Granada (Arabic: طائفة غرناطة, Ta'ifat Gharnata)  or Zirid Kingdom of Granada was a Muslim kingdom that was formed in al-Andalus (in present-day Spain) in 1013 following the deposition of Umayyad Caliph Hisham II in 1009. The kingdom was centered on Granada, its capital, and it also extended its control to Málaga for a period. Four kings succeeded each other during its nearly 80 years of existence, all of them belonging to an offshoot of the Zirid dynasty of North Africa, a Sanhaja Berber clan. The Taifa of Granada was considered to be the wealthiest out of all of the taifa kingdoms. It was eventually conquered by the Almoravids in 1090, putting an end to Zirid rule in Granada.

Abdallah ibn Buluggin
Abdallah ibn Buluggin (Arabic: عبد الله بن بلقين), full name: ʿAbd Allāh ben Buluggīn ben Bādīs ben Ḥabūs ben Zīrī (1056–after 1090), also known as "Al-Muzaffar" (the conqueror), was the grandson of Badis ben Habus and the last Zirid ruler of the Taifa of Granada (1073–1090).
Honda S800
The S800 is a sports car from Honda. Introduced at the 1965 Tokyo Motor Show, the S800 replaced the successful Honda S600 as the company's image car. With a redline of 8,500 rpm, it is one of the highest-revving sports cars produced for street use. The S800 competed with the Austin-Healey Sprite, MG Midget, Triumph Spitfire, Datsun Fairlady, and Fiat 850 Spider.

Honda S600
The Honda S600 is an automobile manufactured by Honda. It was launched in March 1964. Available as a roadster, bearing strong resemblance to the Honda S500, and as a fastback coupé, introduced in March 1965, the S600 was the first Honda available in two trim levels.  During its production run up to 1966, the model styling would remain pretty much the same, with the most notable changes coming to the front grille, bumper, and headlights.
Langenberg (Bad Harzburg)
The Langenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈlaŋənbɛʁk] ⓘ) is an elongated chalk hill north of Göttingerode and south of Harlingerode in the spa town of Bad Harzburg in Goslar district, in the German state of Lower Saxony. Due to its obvious display of the Northern Harz Boundary Fault in the Langenberg chalk quarry and the discovery of the Europasaurus in 1998 in said quarry, this mountain has gained national geological relevance.

Bad Harzburg
Bad Harzburg (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈhaʁtsˌbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Bad Harzborch) is a spa town in central Germany, in the Goslar district of Lower Saxony. It lies on the northern edge of the Harz mountains and is a recognised saltwater spa and climatic health resort.
Casino chip collecting
Casino chip collecting is the practice of intentionally taking casino chips (also called "cheques") from casino premises or trading or collecting online, or in person, for the purpose of collection. Casino chip collecting is a variety of exonumia, or coin collecting. Before it became a more serious hobby, casino chip collecting was simply a case of people keeping them as souvenirs from a casino they may visit. The biggest boost to the hobby came with the creation of the online auction site eBay. eBay has now become the most popular way to collect and trade casino chips with listings in the casino category regularly including more than 20,000 items for sale.

Exonumia
Exonumia are numismatic items (such as tokens, medals, or scrip) other than coins and paper money. This includes "Good For" tokens, badges, counterstamped coins, elongated coins, encased coins, souvenir medallions, tags, wooden nickels and other similar items.  It is an aspect of numismatics and many coin collectors are also exonumists.

Besides the above strict definition, others extend it to include non-coins which may or may not be legal tenders such as cheques, credit cards and similar paper. These can also be considered notaphily or scripophily.
Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena
The Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena is an Indian inscription from the reign of the Later Gupta dynasty king Ādityasena (r. c. 655-680 CE). The inscription was found in 1880 by Markham Kittoe in the village of Apasadha, Bihar, and is now located in the British Museum.

Maukharis of Kannauj
The Maukhari dynasty (Gupta script: , Mau-kha-ri) was a post-Gupta dynasty who controlled the vast plains of Ganga-Yamuna for almost a century from Kannauj. They earlier served as vassals of the Guptas and later of Harsha's Vardhana dynasty. The Maukharis established their independence during the mid-6th century. The dynasty ruled over much of Uttar Pradesh and Magadha. Around 606 CE, a large area of their empire was reconquered by the Later Guptas. According to Xuanzang, the territory may have been lost to King Shashanka of the Gauda Kingdom, who declared independence circa 600CE.
Ap Chau
Ap Chau (Chinese: 鴨洲; lit. 'duck island'), also known as Robinson Island, with a size of  0.04 km² is an island in the Crooked Harbour, in the north-eastern New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay (鴨洲海; Ap Chau Hoi). Islets located close by include Ap Chau Pak Tun Pai, Ap Chau Mei Pak Tun Pai, Ap Lo Chun, Ap Tan Pai and Kau Tau Shek. Ap Chau is considered as the smallest inhabited island in Hong Kong.

Ap Chau Pak Tun Pai
Ap Chau Pak Tun Pai (Chinese: 鴨洲白墩排) is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay (鴨洲海) to the west of Ap Chau and is not to be confused with Ap Chau Mei Pak Tun Pai which is located closer to Ap Chau. It is under the administration of North District.
Tralee Bay
Tralee Bay (Irish: Loch Foirdhreamhain / Cuan Thrá Lí) is located in on the west coast of County Kerry, Ireland. It is situated between Kerry Head on the north side and the Maharees on the west and  extends eastwards as far as the bridge at Blennerville.  Several small rivers feed into the bay through the town of Tralee.  Villages around the bay include; Ballyheigue, Fenit, Kilfinora, Spa, Blennerville, Camp and Castlegregory.

Brendan the Navigator
Brendan of Clonfert (c. AD 484 – c. 577) is one of the early Irish monastic saints and one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland. He is also referred to as Brendan the Navigator, Brendan the Voyager, Brendan the Anchorite, and Brendan the Bold. The Irish translation of his name is Naomh Bréanainn or Naomh Breandán. He is mainly known for his legendary voyage to find the "Isle of the Blessed" which is sometimes referred to as "Saint Brendan’s Island". The written narrative of his journey comes from the immram Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis (Voyage of Saint Brendan the Abbot).

Saint Brendan's feast day is celebrated on 16 May by Catholics, Anglicans, and Orthodox Christians.
Seyyed Jamal ol Din Rural District
Seyyed Jamal ol Din Rural District (Persian: دهستان سيد جمال الدين) is in the Central District of Asadabad County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Vandarabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Jannatabad, now the city of Paliz.

Vandarabad
Vandarabad (Persian: وندراباد) is a village in, and the capital of, Seyyed Jamal ol Din Rural District of the Central District of Asadabad County, Hamadan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Jannatabad, now the city of Paliz.
Pentyl butyrate
Pentyl butyrate, also known as pentyl butanoate or amyl butyrate, is an ester that is formed when pentanol is reacted with butyric acid, usually in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This ester has a smell reminiscent of pear or apricot. This chemical is used as an additive in cigarettes.

Butyric acid
Butyric acid (/bjuːˈtɪrɪk/; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOH. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. The acid does not occur widely in nature, but its esters are widespread. It is a common industrial chemical and an important component in the mammalian gut.
Oberliga (ice hockey)
The Oberliga (English: Upper League) is the third tier of ice hockey in Germany, below DEL2 and above the Regionalliga. Since the 2015/16 season, the league has been split into two regionalised divisions, Nord (north) and Süd (south). The Oberliga was originally founded in 1948 and is administered by the German Ice Hockey Federation (DEB).

German Ice Hockey Championship
The German Ice Hockey Championship was a former ice hockey competition played in Germany between 1912 and 1948. During its earliest seasons Berliner Schlittschuhclub emerged as one of the strongest teams, winning eighteen titles between 1912 and 1944.  Following the partition of Germany it was replaced by the  Oberliga FDR in West Germany and the DDR-Oberliga in East Germany.
Thorn Grove, Tennessee
Thorn Grove is an unincorporated community in eastern Knox County, Tennessee, United States. It is located 15.4 miles (24.8 km) east of Knoxville and 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Midway. It is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Knox County, Tennessee
Knox County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The population was 506,748 as of a 2024 estimate, making it the third-most populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Knoxville, which is the third-most populous city in Tennessee. Knox County is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area. The county is located at the geographical center of the Great Valley of East Tennessee. Near the heart of the county is the origin of the Tennessee River, at the confluence of the Holston and French Broad rivers.
Heinkel Lerche
The Heinkel Lerche (English: Lark) was the name of a set of project studies made by German aircraft designer Heinkel in 1944 and 1945 for a VTOL fighter and ground-attack aircraft.

The Lerche was an early coleopter design. It would take off and land sitting on its tail, flying horizontally like a conventional aircraft. The pilot would lie prone in the nose. It would be powered by two contra-rotating propellers which were contained in a doughnut-shaped, nine-sided annular wing.

The design was developed starting 1944 and concluding in March 1945. The aerodynamic principles of an annular wing were basically sound, but the proposal was faced with a host of unsolved manufacture and control problems which would have made the project highly impractical, even without the material shortages of late-war Nazi Germany.

Tail-sitter
A tail-sitter, or tailsitter, is a type of VTOL aircraft that takes off and lands on its tail, then tilts horizontally for forward flight.

Originating in the 1920s with the inventor Nikola Tesla, the first aircraft to adopt a tail-sitter configuration were developed by Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Development of such aircraft spiked during the late 1940s and 1950s, as aircraft designers and defence planners alike recognised the potential value of fixed-wing aircraft that could perform both a vertical take-off and vertical landing while also transitioning into and out of conventional flight. Inherent problems with tail-sitter aircraft were poor pilot visibility and control difficulties, especially during vertical descent and landing. Programmes to develop manned tail-sitters were typically terminated in the form of the more practical thrust vectoring approach, as used by aircraft such as the Hawker Siddeley Harrier and Yakovlev Yak-38.
Engine braking
Engine braking occurs when the retarding forces within an internal combustion engine are used to slow down a motor vehicle, as opposed to using additional external braking mechanisms such as friction brakes or magnetic brakes.

The term is often confused with several other types of braking, most notably compression-release braking or "jake braking" which uses a different mechanism.

Traffic regulations in many countries require trucks to always drive with an engaged gear, which in turn provides a certain amount of engine braking (viscous losses to the engine oil and air pumped through the engine and friction losses to the cylinder walls and bearings) when no accelerator pedal is applied.

Brake
A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction.
Oakville—Milton
Oakville—Milton was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1997. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1987 from Halton riding.

Oakville—Milton consisted of the Town of Oakville, and the part of the Town of Milton lying northeast of Tremaine Road and southeast of the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway.

The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was re-distributed between Halton and Oakville ridings.

Halton (federal electoral district)
Halton was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1988 before being abolished in an electoral district redistribution, and again from 1997 to 2015, when it was again abolished in another electoral district redistribution. When it was last contested in 2011, its population was 203,437, of whom 115,255 were eligible electors.
Sapperton, New Westminster
Sapperton is a neighbourhood within the City of New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada, located in the northeastern part of the city, which borders the areas of Coquitlam and Burnaby. It is located on the slope above the Fraser River, which is mainly concentrated on Brunette Avenue and Columbia Street and is also northeast of the former British Columbia Penitentiary.

The neighbourhood was the location of the barracks and other housing for the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, otherwise known as “sappers”. The Royal Columbian Hospital is located in Sapperton. The neighbourhood of Sapperton consists of Sapperton and Hume Park, that has a forested area leading to the Brunette River. Sapperton is also located close to two SkyTrain stations, Sapperton station and Braid station.

Royal Columbian Hospital
Royal Columbian Hospital (RCH) is among the oldest hospitals in British Columbia and one of the busiest in the Fraser Health Authority. It is located in New Westminster overlooking the Fraser River and is the only hospital in the Lower Mainland that is immediately adjacent to a Skytrain station (Sapperton).

In 2020, inpatient bed capacity increased to 490 with the opening of the Mental Health Substance Use Wellness Centre (MHSUWC).  In 2017, inpatient bed capacity was reported as 447 and the hospital was served by 3,326 employees.

The hospital campus is L-shaped fronting five streets: East Columbia Street, Sherbrooke Street, Allen Street, Keary Street, and Brunette Avenue. The total square footage of the site is 607,859.
Małgorzata Musierowicz
Małgorzata Musierowicz (born January 9, 1945) is a popular Polish writer, author of many stories and novels for children and teenagers, but read with pleasure by adults too. She is the sister of poet and translator Stanisław Barańczak.

Stanisław Barańczak
Stanisław Barańczak (Polish pronunciation: [staˈɲiswav baˈrajnt͡ʂak], November 13, 1946 – December 26, 2014) was a Polish poet, literary critic, scholar, editor, translator and lecturer. He is perhaps most well known for his English-to-Polish translations of the dramas of William Shakespeare and of the poetry of E.E. Cummings, Elizabeth Bishop, Emily Dickinson, Wystan Hugh Auden, Seamus Heaney, Thomas Hardy, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Thomas Stearns Eliot, John Keats, Robert Frost, Edward Lear and others.
Huỳnh Quốc Anh
Huỳnh Quốc Anh (born 10 May 1985) is a Vietnamese football manager and former footballer. He is currently the head coach of Trường Tươi Binh Phước.

Quốc Anh played as a left winger and spend his entire career playing for SHB Đà Nẵng. He also played for the Vietnam national team. Banned from playing for 3 years between 2005 and 2008 after a match-fixing scandal, Quốc Anh managed to win the Vietnamese Golden Ball in 2012 after leading SHB Đà Nẵng to win the 2012 V-League.

SHB Da Nang
SHB Đà Nẵng Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ bóng đá SHB Đà Nẵng), simply known as SHB Đà Nẵng, is a Vietnamese professional football club based in Da Nang that plays in V.League 1, the top tier in Vietnamese football.

The club was formerly known as Quang Nam-Da Nang (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Quảng Nam-Đà Nẵng) and won a Vietnamese National League title in 1992. In the 2007–08 season, the club was purchased by the Saigon-Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank (SHB), the club name was changed to SHB Da Nang. The club won its first title in 2009, emerging as 2009 V-League champions and qualifying for the 2010 AFC Champions League. In the same year, they were also champions of the Vietnamese Cup. Adding to these victories, Danang's U-21 team also became champions in 2009 youth championships. The club were champions of the 2012 V-League season.

They currently play their home matches at Chi Lăng Stadium, a dedicated 20,500 capacity football-specific stadium that opened in 2016.
21st Fighter Squadron
The 21st Fighter Squadron is part of the 56th Operations Group at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, however it is separately based at Morris Air National Guard Base. It is a United States Air Force squadron that operates Taiwan-owned General Dynamics F-16V Fighting Falcon aircraft conducting fighter and maintenance training for the pilots and maintainers of the Republic of China Air Force.

Prior to reforming at Luke in 1997, the 21st Tactical Fighter Training Squadron operated McDonnell F-4E Phantom IIs at George Air Force Base, California until 1993.

56th Operations Group
The 56th Operations Group is a unit of the United States Air Force, and the flying component of the 56th Fighter Wing.

The group is the direct descendant of the World War II 56th Fighter Group of the United States Army Air Forces. The 56th Fighter Group is credited by the Air Force Historical Research Agency with the destruction of 665.5 aircraft in air-to-air combat, the 56th Fighter Group had more air-to-air kills than any other fighter group in the Eighth Air Force, was the top-scoring Republic P-47 Thunderbolt group during World War II, and recorded the second-highest number of air-to-air kills of any USAAF fighter group. The 56th also claimed 311 fighters destroyed on the ground.