hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").

Liuzzi-class submarine
The Liuzzi class was a class of four submarines built by Tosi in Taranto for the Royal Italian Navy (Italian: Regia Marina).  The submarines were built in 1939 and began their Second World War service in the Mediterranean Sea, where Liuzzi was sunk.  The three surviving boats were transferred to the BETASOM Atlantic submarine base at Bordeaux in 1940.  After Tarantini was sunk, Bagnolini and Giuliani were selected for conversion to "transport submarines" in order to exchange rare or irreplaceable trade goods with Japan.  Cargo capacity of 160 tons reduced reserve buoyancy from between 20 and 25% to between 3.5 and 6%; and armament was reduced to defensive machine guns. The submarines saw action in the Second World War during which they collectively sunk 5 freighters and 1 light cruiser and were eventually either sunk or captured.
Amazonis Planitia
Amazonis Planitia (/əˈmæzənɪs pləˈnɪʃiə/, Latin Amāzŏnis) is one of the smoothest plains on Mars.  It is located between the Tharsis and Elysium volcanic provinces, to the west of Olympus Mons, in the Amazonis and Memnonia quadrangles, centered at 24°48′N 196°00′E﻿ / ﻿24.8°N 196.0°E﻿ / 24.8; 196.0.  The plain's topography exhibits extremely smooth features at several different lengths of scale.  A large part of the Medusae Fossae Formation lies in Amazonis Planitia.

Its name derives from one of the classical albedo features observed by early astronomers, which was in turn named after the Amazons, a mythical race of warrior women.

Amazonian (Mars)
The Amazonian is a geologic system and time period on the planet Mars characterized by low rates of meteorite and asteroid impacts and by cold, hyperarid conditions broadly similar to those on Mars today. The transition from the preceding Hesperian period is somewhat poorly defined. The Amazonian is thought to have begun around 3 billion years ago, although error bars on this date are extremely large (~500 million years). The period is sometimes subdivided into the Early, Middle, and Late Amazonian. The Amazonian continues to the present day.

The Amazonian period has been dominated by impact crater formation and Aeolian processes with ongoing isolated volcanism occurring in the Tharsis region and Cerberus Fossae, including signs of activity as recently as a tens of thousands of years ago in the latter and within the past few million years on Olympus Mons, implying they may still be active but dormant in the present.
Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
The Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, also known as the Ponca Nation, is one of two federally recognized tribes of Ponca people. The other is the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska. Traditionally, peoples of both tribes have spoken the Omaha-Ponca language, part of the Siouan language family. They share many common cultural norms and characteristics with the Omaha, Osage, Kaw, and Quapaw peoples.

Standing Bear
Standing Bear (c. 1829–1908) (Ponca official orthography: Maⁿchú-Naⁿzhíⁿ/Macunajin; other spellings: Ma-chú-nu-zhe, Ma-chú-na-zhe or Mantcunanjin pronounced [mãtʃuꜜnãʒĩꜜ]) was a Ponca chief and Native American civil rights leader who successfully argued in U.S. District Court in 1879 in Omaha that Native Americans are "persons within the meaning of the law" and have the right of habeas corpus, thus becoming the first Native American judicially granted civil rights under American law. His first wife Zazette Primeau (Primo), daughter of Lone Chief (also known as Antoine Primeau), mother of Prairie Flower and Bear Shield, was also a signatory on the 1879 writ that initiated the famous court case.
Gmina Gródek
Gmina Gródek is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. Its seat is the village of Gródek, which lies approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi) east of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 430.6 square kilometres (166.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,740.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Knyszyń Forest Landscape Park.

Knyszyn Forest Landscape Park
Knyszyn Forest Landscape Park, also known as Puszcza Knyszyńska Landscape Park (Park Krajobrazowy Puszczy Knyszyńskiej) is a protected area (landscape park) in Knyszyn Forest which is located Podlaskie Voivodeship of northeastern Poland.
Baltic plate
The Baltic plate was an ancient tectonic plate that existed from the Cambrian Period to the Carboniferous Period. The Baltic plate collided against Siberia, to form the Ural Mountains about 280 million years ago. The Baltic plate, however, fused onto the Eurasian plate when the Baltic plate collided against Siberia when the Ural Mountains were completely formed. The Baltic plate contained Baltica and the Baltic Shield which is now located in Norway, Sweden and Finland.

Baltica
Baltica is a paleocontinent that formed in the Paleoproterozoic and now constitutes northwestern Eurasia, or Europe north of the Trans-European Suture Zone and west of the Ural Mountains.
The thick core of Baltica, the East European Craton, is more than three billion years old and formed part of the Rodinia supercontinent at c. 1 Ga.
Return of the Wild Horses
Return of the Wild Horses is an in-situ conservation project organized by Prague Zoo. Its aim is to increase the numbers and genetic diversity of Przewalski's horses in their native habitat in Mongolia. Resuming previous similar European projects, Return of the Wild Horses transports and reintroduces captive-bred wild horses into large nature reserves in Mongolia, the project also provides material support to Mongolian rangers who protect and monitor the herds in Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area. Through yearly transports of horses from the Czech Republic starting in 2011, Zoo Prague managed to increase the population of wild horses in Khomyn Tal by 34 animals.

Prague Zoo
Prague Zoological Garden (Czech: Zoologická zahrada hl. m. Prahy) is a zoo in Prague, Czech Republic. It was opened in 1931 with the goal to "advance the study of zoology, protect wildlife, and educate the public" in the district of Troja in the north of Prague. In 2013, the zoo occupied 58 hectares (140 acres) with 50 hectares (120 acres) in use for exhibits, and housed around 5,000 animals from 676 species, including 132 species listed as threatened.

The zoo is rated as the seventh best zoo in the world by Forbes Travel Guide in 2007, and is rated as the fifth best in the world by TripAdvisor. The last zoo director was Miroslav Bobek who resigned in the late 2025 due to staff bullying allegations.

The zoo has contributed significantly to saving Przewalski's horse; for many years, it was the leading breeder of the subspecies and these horses are transported to the Mongolian steppes.
The Quay Arts
The Quay Arts Centre is located at the head of the River Medina, in Newport in the centre of the Isle of Wight. It is the island's leading art gallery and venue for live events.

The complex features three art galleries, a crafts shop, a 134 capacity theatre, conferencing facilities and a cafe and was fully refurbished in 1997 by architect Tony Fretton. The Quay Arts owns and operates Jubilee Stores, also located on Newport Quay.

Newport, Isle of Wight
Newport is the county town of the Isle of Wight, an island county off the south coast of England. The town is slightly north of the centre of the island, located in the civil parish of Newport and Carisbrooke. It has a quay at the head of the navigable section of the River Medina, which flows northwards to Cowes and the Solent. The 2021 census recorded a population of 25,407.
Tig Notaro
Tig Notaro (born Mathilde O'Callaghan Notaro, March 24, 1971) is an American stand-up comedian, writer, and actress known for her deadpan comedy. She is a two-time nominee for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album, and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for her 2015 special Boyish Girl Interrupted. In 2026, she received a nomination for an Academy Award for her work as a producer on the documentary film Come See Me in the Good Light. As an actress, she is known for her leading role in One Mississippi (2015-2017), a series she created with Diablo Cody, and her supporting roles as Amanda Robinson in The Morning Show (2023-2025), and as Jett Reno in Star Trek: Discovery (2019-2024) and Star Trek: Starfleet Academy (2026-present). She also hosted her own talk show, Under a Rock with Tig Notaro in 2019.

Good One (album)
Good One is the debut live album by comedian Tig Notaro released by Secretly Canadian in 2011 on CD, download and vinyl.  It is the first comedy album released by the record label.  The CD comes with a DVD titled Have Tig at Your Party which was produced in 2008 by Tig's production company ZeroDollarsAndZeroSenseProductions.  Notaro toured with fellow Secretly Canadian artist Jens Lekman before recording the album.  The album was recorded on Tig's 40th birthday.  Fellow comedian and friend, Sarah Silverman, can be heard introducing Tig at the beginning of the show.  The back cover photo is of Tig's actual filing cabinet which was given to her by director Sam Raimi when she was his assistant years ago.
Childs Hill Park
Childs Hill Park is a public park in Childs Hill in the London Borough of Barnet. Together with the neighbouring Basing Hill Park, it is one of Barnet's 'Premier Parks'.

It is a mainly grassed area with two tennis courts, a bowls club, a children's playground, a cafe and toilets. Clitterhouse Brook, a tributary of the River Brent, runs along the southern edge in a concrete pipe which is visible in places.

There is access from Nant Road, Hodford Road and Granville Road.

The old bowls club is now a fenced picnic area.

Basing Hill Park
Basing Hill Park is a small public park in Childs Hill in the London Borough of Barnet. Together with the neighbouring Childs Hill Park it is one of Barnet's 'Premier Parks'. It is mainly grassed with scattered trees, a multipurpose tennis court/football pitch, basketball court, baseball pitch and a children's playground.
There is also bicycle rider training in the park on Saturdays, April to November.

The area was open fields until the 1920s, when it was developed for housing, and in 1936 the ground was laid out as a park to serve the local people.

There is access from Wayside and Hendon Way.

Basing Hill Park is also home to Herts Baseball Club.
Uehara Museum of Modern Art
Uehara Museum of Modern Art (上原近代美術館, Uehara kindai bijutsukan) opened in 2000 in Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, to house the collection of Uehara Shōji (上原昭二) of Taisho Pharmaceutical. The collection includes works by Corot, Monet, Cézanne, Renoir, Fujishima Takeji, and Kishida Ryūsei. Adjacent is the Uehara Museum of Buddhist Art (上原仏教美術館), which opened in May 1983.

Shimoda, Shizuoka
Shimoda (下田市, Shimoda-shi) is a city and port located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 19,670 in 10,436 households, and a population density of 188 persons per square kilometre (490 persons/mi2). The total area of the city is 104.71 square kilometres (40.43 sq mi). In the 1850s, Japan was in political crisis over its increasing inability to maintain its national seclusion policy and the issue of what relations, if any, it should have with foreign powers. For a few years, Shimoda was central to this debate.
Plansee
Plansee is a lake in Reutte District, Tyrol, Austria, located at 47°28′10″N 10°48′20″E﻿ / ﻿47.46944°N 10.80556°E﻿ / 47.46944; 10.80556. Its surface is approximately 2.87 km² and its maximum depth is 78 metres.

It lies on Austrian Federal Highway B 179, which crosses the Ammersattel into Germany.

Reutte District
The Bezirk Reutte is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria. It borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the districts Imst and Landeck in the south, and Bregenz and Bludenz (both in Vorarlberg) in the west. The district is also referred to as Außerfern.

The district is 1,236.37 km2 (477.37 square miles), with a population of 31,758 (January 1, 2012), and population density of 26 inhabitants per square kilometre (67/sq mi). Administrative center is Reutte.
Kananoe Apetina
Kananoe Apetina (ca. 1885 – 11 April 1975) was a Wayana chief, who first in 1937 was recognized by the colonial authorities of Suriname as a captain, and who subsequently in 1952 was recognized by governor Jan Klaasesz as granman of the Wayana of the Tapanahony River in Suriname. Apetina died in 1975 and was succeeded as granman by Aptuk Noewahe in 1976.

Granman
Granman (Ndyuka language: gaanman) is the title of the paramount chief of a Maroon nation in Suriname and French Guiana. The Ndyuka, Saramaka, Matawai, Aluku, Paramaka and Kwinti nations all have a granman. The paramount chiefs of Amerindian peoples in Suriname are nowadays also often called “granman”.

The word comes from the Sranan Tongo language, a creole spoken in Suriname, and is derived from grand + man meaning "most important man." Granman was also used for the governors of Suriname. The word can be used in combination with other words: granman-oso (big man house) is the Presidential Palace.
William Henry Flower
Sir William Henry Flower KCB FRS FRCS FRAI (30 November 1831 – 1 July 1899) was an English surgeon, museum curator  and comparative anatomist, who became a leading authority on mammals and especially on the primate brain. He supported Thomas Henry Huxley in an important controversy with Richard Owen about the human brain and eventually succeeded Owen as Director of the Natural History Museum in London.

Baden Powell (mathematician)
Christianity portal

Baden Powell, MA FRS FRGS (22 August 1796 – 11 June 1860) was an English mathematician and Church of England priest. He held the Savilian Chair of Geometry at the University of Oxford from 1827 to 1860. Powell was a prominent liberal theologian who put forward advanced ideas about evolution.
Internet regulation in Turkey
Internet regulation in Turkey is primarily authorized under the Electronic Communications Law (ECL) and the Internet Act and carried out by the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA).

In 2018, the Turkish parliament passed a law giving the national broadcast media regulator, the High Council for Broadcasting (RTÜK), authority to monitor and regulate internet services. The law requires online video and streaming services to apply for a license to broadcast to Turkish internet users.

Turkey's internet, in 2018 which has 42.3 million active users, holds a 'Not Free' ranking in Freedom House's index. Turkish government has constantly blocked websites like Instagram, Discord, Twitter, YouTube and Wikipedia. Video games such as Roblox were banned. According to Twitter's transparency report, Turkey leads in social media censorship.

Information and Communication Technologies Authority (Turkey)
The Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA) (Turkish: Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu (BTK)), is a national telecommunications regulatory and inspection authority of Turkey. It was formerly known as the Telecommunications Authority (Turkish: Telekomünikasyon Kurumu (TK)).

Radio and television broadcasts fall under another state agency, RTÜK.
Esophageal dysphagia
Esophageal dysphagia is a form of dysphagia where the underlying cause arises from the body of the esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, or cardia of the stomach, usually due to mechanical causes or motility problems.

Dysphagia
Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing. Although classified under "symptoms and signs" in ICD-10, in some contexts it is classified as a condition in its own right.

It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach, a lack of pharyngeal sensation or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism. Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together. A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia.
International Committee on Computational Linguistics
The International Committee on Computational Linguistics (ICCL) was founded by Dr. David Hays of the RAND Corporation in 1965 to promote the biennial International Conference on Computational Linguistics, which since the third conference in Stockholm is known by the acronym COLING after the Swedish fictional character Kolingen by Albert Engström. The current President of ICCL is Professor Jun-Ichi Tsujii of the  AIRC and membership of the committee is permanent.

Computational linguistics
Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions. In general, computational linguistics draws upon linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, logic, philosophy, cognitive science, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, anthropology and neuroscience, among others. Computational linguistics is closely related to mathematical linguistics.
Gray platelet syndrome
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS), or platelet alpha-granule deficiency, is a rare congenital autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by a reduction or absence of alpha-granules in blood platelets, and the release of proteins normally contained in these granules into the marrow, causing myelofibrosis. The name derives from the initial observation of gray appearance of platelets with a paucity of granules on blood films from a patient with a lifelong bleeding disorder.

Thrombocytopenia
In hematology, thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets (also known as thrombocytes) in the blood. Low levels of platelets in turn may lead to prolonged or excessive bleeding.  It is the most common coagulation disorder among intensive care patients and is seen in a fifth of medical patients and a third of surgical patients.

A normal human platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/microliter (μL) of blood. Values outside this range do not necessarily indicate disease. One common definition of thrombocytopenia requiring emergency treatment is a platelet count below 50,000/μL. Thrombocytopenia can be contrasted with the conditions associated with an abnormally high level of platelets in the blood – thrombocythemia (when the cause is unknown), and thrombocytosis (when the cause is known).
State legislatures of India
The State Legislature is the law-making body of the State. The State legislatures of India comprises the State Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council, both of which function by researching, writing, and passing the legislation.

State Legislative Councils

State Legislative Assemblies

State legislative assemblies of India
The State Legislative Assembly, also known as the Vidhan Sabha or the Saasana Sabha, is a legislative body in each of the states and certain union territories of India. Members of the legislative assembly are often directly elected to serve five year terms from single-member constituencies. A legislative assembly may be dissolved in a state of emergency, by the governor on request of the chief minister of the respective state or union territory, or if a motion of no confidence is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.
Marie Clotilde Bonaparte
Marie Clotilde Eugénie Alberte Laetitia Geneviève Bonaparte (20 March 1912, Brussels, Belgium – 14 April 1996, Château de la Pommerie, Cendrieux, France) was a French princess of the Bonaparte dynasty, the eldest child of Victor, Prince Napoléon and his wife, Princess Clémentine of Belgium.

Victor, Prince Napoléon
Victor, Prince Napoléon, titular 3rd Prince of Montfort (Napoléon Victor Jérôme Frédéric Bonaparte; 18 July 1862 – 3 May 1926), was the Bonapartist pretender to the French throne from 1879 until his death in 1926. He was known as Napoléon V by those who supported his claim.
Hamilton Academy
Hamilton Academy was a boarding and day school in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland.  It was founded in 1588 as a boys' school and was open for nearly four centuries.  In the late 19th century, the school began admitting girls.

The school was described as "one of the finest schools in Scotland" in the Cambridge University Press County Biography of 1910, and was featured in a 1950 Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association magazine article series on Famous Scottish Schools.

Having joined the state sector, the school closed in 1972, as a result of the coming of comprehensive schools in Lanarkshire. It was replaced by the new Hamilton Grammar School, which took over its site and most of its pupils and staff.

Robert Gibson, Lord Gibson
Robert Gibson, Lord Gibson FRSE (20 April 1886 – 9 April 1965) was a Scottish lawyer and politician. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Greenock from 1936 to 1941, and Chairman of the Scottish Land Court from 1941 to 1965.
R417 road (Ireland)
The R417 road is a regional road in Ireland, which runs north-south from the R445 in Monasterevin, County Kildare to the R448 in Carlow, County Carlow.

En route it crosses the N78 National secondary road in the town of Athy, and also the N80 at the north of Carlow town. The route is 37 km (23 mi) long.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Ian Player
Ian Cedric Audley Player DMS (15 March 1927 – 30 November 2014) was a South African international conservationist. Ian Player was one of the world's outstanding conservationists and environmental statesmen. He earned his stripes in the rough and tumble era during which Africa's protected areas were being created and tested. With his team, he also pioneered the saving of endangered species when they saved the white rhino from extinction (Operation Rhino).

Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park
Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park, formerly Hluhluwe–Umfolozi Game Reserve, is a nature reserve in central KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It consists of 960 km2 (370 sq mi) of hilly topography and is the oldest reserve in Africa. Operated by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, the park is the only state-run park in KwaZulu-Natal where each of the big five game animals occur.

Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park has one of the largest populations of southern white rhinoceros in the world. However, this population remains severely threatened by poaching.
South Woodbridge, California
South Woodbridge was a former census-designated place (CDP) in San Joaquin County, California, United States.  The population was 2,825 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census, the CDP's of South Woodbridge and North Woodbridge were merged into Woodbridge.

North Woodbridge, California
North Woodbridge was a former census-designated place (CDP) in San Joaquin County, California, United States. The population was 1,320 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census, the CDP's of South Woodbridge and North Woodbridge were merged into Woodbridge.