hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jaswant Singh Marwah
Lieutenant Colonel Jaswant Singh Marwah (born 21 January 1921) is an Indian former soldier, journalist and author, and the father of General Joginder Jaswant Singh, the first Sikh Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army. He was a former Special Duty Officer in the Archaeological Survey of India, and served in the Indian Army's Electrical Mechanical Engineering branch from 1943 to 1973. A veteran of the Second World War, he received an emergency commission in the Royal Indian Army Service Corps on 27 June 1943. He was awarded the Nehru Award in 1981 and 1984, by the Vice President of India and the President of India respectively. In 1987 he was awarded the Journalism Award by the Indian Ministry of Communications.

Marwah wrote and published nine books. All his published books were sent to over 100 universities in India, and other educational establishments by the Government of India, Punjabi Academy and Hindi Academy.

Joginder Jaswant Singh
General Joginder Jaswant Singh, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC (born 17 September 1945), commonly known as JJ Singh, is an Indian politician and former Army Chief. He was the 21st Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army. He was appointed on 27 November 2004, and took over the role when his predecessor, General NC Vij, retired on 31 January 2005. He was succeeded by General Deepak Kapoor. He served as the COAS from 31 January 2005, to 30 September 2007.

He is the first Sikh to have led the Indian Army and the 11th chief of army staff from the Western Command based at Chandimandir. At the time of his appointment he was the most senior officer in the army after General NC Vij. Following his retirement, he became Governor of the state of Arunachal Pradesh on 27 January 2008.
Al Mansheiya Bridge
Al Mansheiya Bridge is a bridge that links the capital Khartoum and the industrial city Khartoum North across the Blue Nile in central Sudan. It is 350 meters long and 8.25 meters wide. The bridge opened in 2006.

Khartoum North
Khartoum North, or Khartoum Bahri or simply Bahri (Arabic: الخرطوم بحري, romanized: al-Kharṭūm Baḥrī), is a city in Khartoum State, lying to the north of Khartoum city, the capital of Sudan. It has a population of 1,012,211 people, making it the third-largest city proper in Sudan, behind the neighbouring cities of Omdurman and Khartoum.
Saint-Pardoux-Corbier
Saint-Pardoux-Corbier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ paʁdu kɔʁbje]; Limousin: Sent Pardos Corbier) is a former commune in the Corrèze department in central France. It was merged with Saint-Martin-Sepert and Saint-Ybard to form Les Trois-Saints on 1 January 2025.

Saint-Ybard
Saint-Ybard (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿ibaʁ]; Occitan: Sanch Ibarch) is a former commune in the Corrèze department in central France. It was merged with Saint-Pardoux-Corbier and Saint-Martin-Sepert to form Les Trois-Saints on 1 January 2025.
Kōzato temple ruins
The Kōzato temple ruins (郡里廃寺跡) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Hakuhō period Buddhist temple in the Ganshoji, Ichogi neighborhood of the  town of Mima, Tokushima Prefecture Japan. Its ruins were designated as a National Historic Site in 1976, with the area under protection extended in 1997. It is the oldest known Buddhist temple ruin in Tokushima Prefecture.

Mima, Tokushima
Mima (美馬市, Mima-shi) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.   As of 1 February 2022, the city had an estimated population of 27,713 in 12,547 households and a population density of 75 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 367.14 square kilometres (141.75 sq mi).
Corneriella
Corneriella is a genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae. The genus contains two species known from the United States and Thailand, and at least four others have been detected by DNA sequencing.  Corneriella was described the mycologist Marisol Sánchez-García in 2014 with Corneriella bambusarum as the type species.

Tricholomataceae
The Tricholomataceae are a large family of fungi within the order Agaricales. Originally a classic "wastebasket taxon", the family included any white-, yellow-, or pink-spored genera in the Agaricales not already classified as belonging to e.g. the Amanitaceae, Lepiotaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Pluteaceae, or Entolomataceae.

The name derives from the Greek trichos (τριχος) meaning hair and loma (λωμα) meaning fringe or border, although not all members display this feature.

The name "Tricholomataceae" is seen as having validity in describing Tricholoma and other genera that form part of a monophyletic family including Tricholoma. To that end, the International Botanical Congress has voted on two occasions (1988 and 2006) to conserve the name "Tricholomataceae" against competing names. This decision does not invalidate the use of segregate families from the Tricholomataceae, but simply validates the continued use of Tricholomataceae.
Cité de l'Or
The Cité de l'Or ("The City of Gold") is an attraction located in Val-d'Or, in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada. It has been operating since 1995 as a place where people can see what gold mining was like by touring the underground Lamaque gold mine and the Bourlamaque historic mining village. Bourlamaque was declared a provincial historic site in 1979 and a National Historic Site in 2012.

In 1923, the gold deposit was discovered and in 1935, the mine came in operation. In 1985, it was exhausted and closed.

Since 2000, one stage of the Tour de l'Abitibi takes place in the underground mine, some 300 feet (91 m) below ground. Cyclists must ride through the tunnels and up the access ramp (a 17% slope) before they race through the streets of Val-d'Or.

Since 2007, Cité de l'Or also became a training location for new miners.

Val-d'Or
Val-d'Or (/ˈvældɔːr/ VAL-dor, French: [val dɔʁ], locally [val dɑɔ̯ʁ]; meaning "Golden Valley" or "Valley of Gold") is a city in Quebec, Canada with a population of 32,752 inhabitants according to the 2021 Canadian census. The city is located in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region near La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve.

The Algonquin toponym of the town is Ozawaconia Odena.
Belgian frigate Louise-Marie
Louise-Marie (F931) is a Karel Doorman-class frigate of the Belgian Navy of the Belgian Armed Forces that was commissioned in 2008. It is the second of the two frigates of this class that were purchased from the Royal Netherlands Navy on 22 December 2005. It was originally commissioned in 1991 in the Netherlands, where it served as HNLMS Willem van der Zaan (F829).

Karel Doorman-class frigate
The Karel Doorman-class frigates are a series of eight multi-purpose vessels built for the Royal Netherlands Navy. The class takes its name from the lead ship, whose namesake is Karel Doorman, a Dutch naval officer who went down with his ship at the Battle of the Java Sea in 1942.
Notre Dame de Namur University
Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) is a private Catholic university in Belmont, California, United States. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women.

In 2021, the university began to transition to only operate as a graduate school. In 2024, the university was in the process of moving to a hybrid online model with its physical campus being sold to Stanford University, but Stanford backed out of purchasing the campus in May of 2025. A few days later, it was announced that the campus had been purchased by the investment arm of the University of California.

Dorothy Stang
Dorothy Mae Stang, SNDdeN, (June 7, 1931 – February 12, 2005) was an American-born Brazilian Catholic Religious Sister and missionary. She was murdered in Anapu, Pará, in the Amazon Basin in 2005. Stang had been outspoken in her efforts on behalf of the poor and the environment and had previously received death threats from loggers and landowners.
Grodno region
Grodno Region, also known as Grodno Oblast or Hrodna Voblasts, is a region of Belarus. Its administrative centre and its namesake, Grodno, is the largest city in the whole region. As of 2024, it has a population of 992,556.

Located in western Belarus, it lies on the Neman River. The region borders the Minsk region to the east, the Brest region to the south, Poland (Podlaskie Voivodeship) to the west and the Vitebsk region and Lithuania (Alytus and Vilnius counties) to the north.

Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Nowogródek Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo nowogródzkie) was a unit of administrative division of the Second Polish Republic between 1921 and 1939, with the capital in Nowogródek (now Navahrudak, Belarus). Following German and Soviet Invasion of Poland of September 1939, Poland's borders were redrawn in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. The Nowogródek Voivodeship was incorporated into the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic in an atmosphere of terror, following staged elections. With the end of World War II, at the insistence of Joseph Stalin at the Tehran Conference of 1943, the area remained in Soviet hands, and the Polish population was soon forcibly resettled. Since 1991, most part of it belongs to the sovereign Republic of Belarus.
YurView California
YurView California (formerly known as 4SD, Channel 4 San Diego or unofficially COX 4, and originally known as KCOX) is an American cable television channel serving San Diego, California, owned by Cox Communications, which carries the channel primarily on its San Diego area systems on channel 4.

It originally operated as a regional sports network for San Diego County, with a mixed format resembling that of Denver-based regional sports network Altitude Sports and Entertainment. After the loss of the network's television rights to many professional and collegiate sports teams in recent years, its programming has shifted more towards public interest programs as well as local programming, informercials and older television series that the channel had been carrying before losing the majority of its sports programming.

Regional sports network
A regional sports network (RSN) in the United States and Canada is a television channel that presents sports programming to a local media market or geographical region. Such channels often focus on one or a few teams in Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, or the National Hockey League. Minor league sports, college sports, and high school sports may also be shown on such networks.

Some RSNs originated as premium channels. Since the 1990s, they have commonly been distributed through the expanded basic tiers of cable television and IPTV services. Direct broadcast satellite providers may require subscribers to purchase a higher programming tier or a specialized sports tier to receive local and out-of-market regional sports networks.

Due to the rise in cord cutting, some RSNs have closed in the 2020s, with teams and leagues moving some games to free-to-air (FTA) and over-the-top (OTT) television services.
George Owens (mayor)
Sir George Bolster Owens (1808 – 1897) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Owens was born in New Barracks, Limerick, the son of the barrack master George Owens. He was educated at the University of Glasgow, graduating as a Doctor of Medicine in 1850. He chaired the "General Meeting of the members and friends of the Irish Society for Women's Suffrage" on 21 February 1872 organised by Anna Haslam. Owens was the Irish Unionist Lord Mayor of Dublin in 1876, during which time he was knighted. Owens was a Justice of the Peace for the city and was Sheriff of Dublin City in 1881.

He married Rebecca Anna Letitia Owen, daughter of Major William Owen, in 1831.

Sheriff of Dublin City
The Sheriff of Dublin City is a judicial and administrative role in Ireland. Initially, the Sovereign's judicial representative in Dublin, the role was later held by two individuals and concerned with a mix of judicial, political and administrative functions. In origins, an office for a lifetime, assigned by the Sovereign, the Sheriff became an annual appointment following the Provisions of Oxford in 1258.

Today, the Sheriff is a full-time public official whose role includes enforcing court orders of the Circuit Court, such as eviction or debt collection, acting as returning officer in public elections, and executing tax certificates on behalf of the Revenue Commissioners.
Alessandri family
The Alessandri family of Chile is of Italian origin, becoming politically influential during the early part of the 20th century, and has played (and still plays) a significant role in Chilean politics. The first Alessandri who came to Chile was Giuseppe Pietro Alessandri Tarzi, who arrived in the early 1800s as consul posterior, representative of the Kingdom of Sardinia.

Arturo Alessandri
Arturo Fortunato Alessandri Palma (Latin American Spanish: [aɾˈtuɾo foɾtu'nato aleˈsandɾi ˈpalma]; December 20, 1868 – August 24, 1950) was a Chilean political figure and reformer who served thrice as president of Chile, first from 1920 to 1924, then from March to October 1925, and finally from 1932 to 1938. He was a member of the Liberal Party.
Vojo Kushi
Vojo Kushi[a] (Albanian pronunciation: ['vɔjɔ 'kuʃi]; Serbian Cyrillic: Војо Кушић, August 3, 1918 – October 10, 1942) was an Albanian and Yugoslav communist guerrilla fighter (partisan) and one of the founders of the Communist group based in Shkodër, following the Italian occupation of Albania in April 1939. He was proclaimed a National Hero of Yugoslavia by the Yugoslav communist government on February 12, 1945, and then a Hero of Albania by the Albanian communist government in 1946.

Hero of the People
The Hero of the People (Albanian: Hero i Popullit; Heroinë e Popullit) was the highest title bestowed upon the citizens of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, one of several Hero titles awarded by Eastern Bloc countries.

The associated Hero of Socialist Labour title was awarded for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture.
The Early Beatles
The Early Beatles is the Beatles' sixth album released on Capitol Records, and their eighth album overall for the American market. All eleven tracks on this album were previously issued on the Vee-Jay Records release Introducing... The Beatles, released in January, 1964. The front cover photo for this album features the same back cover photo for the British LP Beatles for Sale.

The album is included in Robert Christgau's "Basic Record Library" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981).

Introducing... The Beatles
Introducing... The Beatles is the first studio album released by the English rock band the Beatles in the United States. Originally scheduled for a July 1963 release, the LP came out on 10 January 1964, on Vee-Jay Records, ten days before Capitol's Meet the Beatles! The latter album, however, entered the U.S. album chart one week before the former. Consequently, when Meet The Beatles! peaked at № 1 for eleven consecutive weeks, Introducing...The Beatles stalled at № 2 where it remained for nine consecutive weeks. It was the subject of much legal wrangling, but ultimately, Vee-Jay was permitted to sell the album until late 1964, by which time it had sold more than 1.3 million copies. On 24 July 2014 the album was certified gold and platinum by the RIAA.
Nethercutt–Richards family
The Nethercutt–Richards family is an American family prominent in the fields of business and cars. The family originated from the Midwestern U.S. in the 19th century and made their fortune primarily from the cosmetics industry in the early 20th century.

Merle Norman Cosmetics
Merle Norman Cosmetics Inc. or simply known as Merle Norman, is an American cosmetics company that manufactures skin care, personal care, and makeup products founded in 1931 by Merle Norman. The company sells its products through e-commerce and its beauty store studio franchises, along with operating day spas through its Merle Norman Spa brand. As of 2021 the company had 1,007 locations throughout 7 countries, primarily in North America.
Pokkinen
Pokkinen is a district of the city centre area of Oulu, Finland. Together with districts of Vaara and Vanhatulli, Pokkinen forms the central business district of Oulu. It is bounded by the estuary of the Oulujoki river to the west, the Koskikeskus and Myllytulli districts to the north, the Vaara district to the east and the Vanhatulli district to the south.

Pokkinen is the oldest part of Oulu. The city hall, Oulu Cathedral, the market square and other cultural and municipal institutions are located in the district.

Oulu City Hall
Oulu City Hall (Finnish: Oulun kaupungintalo) is the seat for the municipal government of the City of Oulu, Finland. It is located in the Pokkinen district of the central Oulu.

The neo-Renaissance style city hall was designed by a Swedish architect Johan Erik Stenberg as the restaurant and hotel Seurahuone in 1885. The third floor was added and other major changes made in 1920 according to plans of architect Oiva Kallio. Some of the changes were reversed during the renovation in 1978–1982, for example the doors were restored to their original location.

The city council has assembled in the city hall since 21 December 1920 and the municipal government since 7 January 1931. The Oulu City Theatre has also had its facilities in the city hall.
Saint Gorazd
Saint Gorazd was a 9th century cleric from the Great Moravia. In 867, he was ordained into priesthood, as one of the most prominent followers and students of saints Cyril and Methodius, the Apostles of the Slavs. In 885, as a designated successor of late archbishop Methodius, Gorazd tried to assume leadership in the Archbishopric of Moravia, but failed to secure support of the ruling prince Svatopluk I of Moravia.

Together with his teachers and fellow students Saint Clement of Ohrid, Saint Naum of Preslav, Saint Angelar and Saint Sava, Saint Gorazd belongs to the group of Christian Saints known as Seven Apostles of Bulgaria, venerated both in Eastern Christianity, particularly in the Balkans and individually both Eastern and Western Christian Churches in Slovakia. His feast day in the Western Church is 27 July and in the Eastern Church he shares the feast with the rest of the Seven Apostles, also on 27 July.

Saint Naum
Naum (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Свети Наум, romanized: Sveti Naum), also known as Naum of Ohrid or Naum of Preslav (c. 830 – December 23, 910), was a medieval Bulgarian writer and missionary among the Slavs, considered one of the Seven Apostles of the First Bulgarian Empire. He was among the disciples of Cyril and Methodius and is associated with the creation of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic script. Naum was among the founders of the Pliska Literary School. Afterwards Naum worked at the Ohrid Literary School. He was among the first saints declared by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church after its foundation in the 9th century. The mission of Naum played significant role by transformation of the local Early Slavs into Bulgarians.
ISO 25964
ISO 25964 is the international standard for thesauruses, published in two parts as follows:

It was issued by ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, and its official website  is maintained by its secretariat in NISO, the USA National Information Standards Organization. Each part of the standard can be purchased separately from ISO or from any of its national member bodies (such as ANSI, BSI, AFNOR, DIN, etc.). Some parts of it are available free of charge from the official website.

ISO 5964
ISO 5964 was the ISO standard for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri.  Its full title was Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri.  It was withdrawn in 2011, when replaced by ISO 25964-1. See more explanation on the official website for ISO 25964
Shenyang J-16
The Shenyang J-16 (Chinese: 歼-16; pinyin: Jiān-Shíliù),  also known as Qianlong (Chinese: 潜龙; pinyin: Qián Lóng; lit. 'Hidden Dragon', NATO reporting name: Flanker-N) is a Chinese all-weather 4.5 generation, tandem-seat, twin-engine, multirole strike fighter built by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation and operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). It is developed from the Shenyang J-11, the licensed production variant of the Russian Sukhoi Su-27. Its design is based on Su-30MKK.

Shenyang WS-10
The Shenyang WS-10 (Chinese: 涡扇-10; pinyin: Wōshàn-10; lit. 'turbofan-10'), codename Taihang, is a turbofan engine designed and built by the People's Republic of China.

Chinese media reported 266 engines were manufactured from 2010 to 2012 for the J-11 program. Unofficial estimates placed production at more than 300 units by May 2015.
Volume integral
In mathematics (particularly multivariable calculus), a volume integral (∭) is an integral over a 3-dimensional domain; that is, it is a special case of multiple integrals. Volume integrals are especially important in physics for many applications, for example, to calculate flux densities, or to calculate mass from a corresponding density function.

Multivariable calculus
Multivariable calculus (also known as multivariate calculus) is the extension of calculus in one variable to functions of several variables: the differentiation and integration of functions involving multiple variables (multivariate), rather than just one.

Multivariable calculus may be thought of as an elementary part of calculus on Euclidean space. The special case of calculus in three dimensional space is often called vector calculus.
The Eighteen-Carat Kid and Other Stories
The Eighteen-Carat Kid and Other Stories is a collection of early short stories and a novella by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on September 1, 1980 by Continuum, New York City, five years after Wodehouse's death.

The collection was edited and introduced by one of Wodehouse's biographers, David A. Jasen. The stories had all previously appeared in magazines, and William Tell Told Again (a retelling of the William Tell legend) was published as an illustrated book in the United Kingdom in 1904.

Tales of St. Austin's
Tales of St. Austin's is a collection of short stories and essays, all with a school theme, by P. G. Wodehouse. It was first published on 10 November 1903 by Adam & Charles Black, London, all except one item having previously appeared in the schoolboy magazines, The Captain and Public School Magazine.

The stories are set in the fictional public school of St. Austin's, which is also the setting for The Pothunters (1902); they revolve around cricket, rugby, petty gambling and other boyish escapades. Several characters in the stories also appear in The Pothunters.
Thunderbolts (comics)
The Thunderbolts are an antihero/supervillain/superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team consists mostly of reformed supervillains. Created by Kurt Busiek and Mark Bagley, the team first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #449 (January 1997).

Valentina Allegra de Fontaine
La Contessa Valentina Allegra de la Fontaine is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-artist Jim Steranko, she first appeared in the "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D." feature in Strange Tales #159 (August 1967).

Lisa Rinna portrayed the character in the 1998 film Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D., and Julia Louis-Dreyfus portrays Fontaine in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Hosena
Hosena (Sorbian: Hóznja) is a borough (Ortsteil) of the town of Senftenberg in Brandenburg, Germany. Hosena is located in Upper Lusatia not far from the Senftenberger See. Hosena station is at the junction of the Węgliniec–Roßlau railway and the Lübbenau–Kamenz railway.

Hosena station
Hosena station (Hohenbocka station until 2000) is a station at the junction of the Węgliniec–Roßlau railway and the Lübbenau–Kamenz railway. The station is located in the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg in the village of Hosena, north of the village of Hohenbocka.

The station was built in 1873 as a “tower station” (German: Turmbahnhof, a two level interchange station) on the Lübbenau-Kamenz and Węgliniec (then called Kohlfurt)–Roßlau railways. Remains of the railway bridge of the Lübbenau-Kamenz line still exist.