hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Restoration Army of Peru
The Army of the North of Peru or Restoration Army of Peru was the army of the Northern Peruvian Republic that was made up of Peruvians opposed to the establishment of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, who accused Bolivian President Andrés de Santa Cruz of having invaded and divided Peru with the support of Peruvian President Luis José de Orbegoso whom his opponents did not recognize as legitimate. It later merged with the Chilean Army to form the United Restoration Army. The goal of the army was to restore the united Peruvian state prior to the establishment of the Confederation.

The first person to use the name was General Felipe Santiago Salaverry during the war against Santa Cruz and Orbegoso. Upon his defeat and death, the command passed to Marshal Agustín Gamarra, with the title of Provisional President of the Peruvian Republic.

Peruvian Republic (1838–1839)
The Peruvian Republic was a state that seceded from the Peru–Bolivian Confederation in 1838 under the leadership of General Luis Orbegoso.

Its territory comprised the totality of North Peru, which by a majority of votes proclaimed itself independent of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. This was not accepted by the Confederation, however, and both countries went to war during the War of the Confederation. After Orbegoso and Santa Cruz reached an agreement, the country ceased to exist as a sovereign state on October 20, 1838 and instead became an autonomous republic within the confederation until its defeat by Agustín Gamarra and his United Restoration Army in 1839.
Henry John Adeane (born 1833)
Henry John Adeane (9 June 1833 – 17 February 1870) was a British Liberal and Whig politician.

The son of his namesake Henry John Adeane (MP for Cambridgeshire from 1830 to 1832) and Matilda Abigail née Stanley, Adeane married Lady Elizabeth Yorke, daughter of Charles Yorke (also MP for Cambridgeshire between 1832 and 1834) and Susan née Liddell in 1860. They had at least three children: Marie Constance (died 1934); Maud (died 1943); and Charles Robert Whorwood (1863–1943). His daughter, Marie Adeane, was a Maid of Honour to Queen Victoria; she married Sir Bernard Mallet, and they had two sons, one of whom was Sir Victor Mallet, the diplomat.

Adeane followed his father into politics, and was first elected Whig MP for Cambridgeshire at the 1857 general election. Becoming a Liberal in 1859, he held the seat until 1865, when he stood down.

Outside of politics, Adeane was a Major in the Cambridgeshire Militia, a Deputy Lieutenant and a Justice of the Peace.

Lady Elizabeth Biddulph
Elizabeth Philippa Biddulph, Baroness Biddulph VA (born Lady Elizabeth Yorke, later Lady Elizabeth Adeane; 15 November 1834 – January 1916) was an English humanitarian and temperance leader. She published a biography of her father, Charles Yorke, 4th Earl of Hardwicke, and was appointed a Woman of the Bedchamber by Queen Victoria.
Malus sargentii
Malus sargentii, the Sargent crabapple or Sargent's apple, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Malus of the family Rosaceae. The species was formerly considered a variety of the species Malus sieboldii. It is a shrub or small tree growing to 6–10 ft (1.8–3.0 m) tall and 6–12 ft (1.8–3.7 m) broad.

Malus sargentii is native to Japan but is commonly used as an attractive compact ornamental shrub elsewhere. Every other year it bears masses of pink buds opening to fragrant white blossom. In the autumn, many small red globose fruits appear, persisting on the tree until winter.

Malus
Malus (/ˈmeɪləs/ or /ˈmæləs/) is a genus of about 32–57 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples.

The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Lot 31, Prince Edward Island
Lot 31 is a township in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is part of Hillsboro Parish. Lot 31 was awarded to Adam Drummond in the 1767 land lottery. It was sold to the Earl of Selkirk in 1806.

Hillsboro Parish, Prince Edward Island
Hillsboro Parish was created as a civil parish in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, during the 1764–1766 survey of Samuel Holland.

It contains the following townships:

Lot 29

Lot 30

Lot 31

Lot 65
Hinduism in Bangladesh
Hinduism is the second-largest religion in Bangladesh, accounting for about 7.95% of the country's population, approximately 13.1 million people, as per the 2022 census of Bangladesh. Around 21% of the Bangladeshi diaspora follow Hinduism.

Bangladesh has the world's third-largest Hindu population, after India and Nepal. Hinduism is the second-largest religion in 61 of 64 districts in Bangladesh, but there are no Hindu majority districts in Bangladesh.

Bangladeshi Hindus have faced systemic persecution, experiencing a population decrease from 33% in 1901 to 8% in 2022. In the 1971 Bangladesh genocide, 300,000 to 3 million people were killed (disproportionately Hindus), mass rapes on 300-400,000 women (predominantly Hindu) were perpetrated, as well as Hindu temple desecrations, property destruction, and a fleeing of 8-10 million Hindu refugees to India.

Vested Property Act (Bangladesh)
The Vested Property Act is a controversial law in Bangladesh that allows the government to confiscate property from individuals it deems as an enemy of the state. Before the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, it was known as the Enemy Property Act.  In 1974 it was renamed the Vested Property Act. Later some efforts were made to repeal it.
Palmers Rough
Palmers Rough is a local nature reserve and park located in Shirley, Solihull. It covers an area of approximately 7.3 hectares (18 acres) and consists of two separate woodland blocks; Palmers Coppice to the east, and Squires Coppice to the west. They are separated by open grassland and include for two football pitches and a small children's playground. A wide range of plants and animals makes Palmers Rough an important urban space and was therefore granted local nature reserve status in 2000. The presence of Palmers Rough is noted within the Domesday Book, and suggests that the woodland dates back over 900 years.

Shirley, West Midlands
Shirley is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, in the West Midlands, England. Historically a rural settlement within the county of Warwickshire, it is now contiguous with nearby Solihull and Birmingham.
Hotokenuma
Hotokenuma (仏沼) is a wetland area located in the northern part of the city of Misawa, Aomori Prefecture, in the northern Tōhoku region of Japan. The wetland is connected to the eastern shores of Lake Ogawara at the base of the Shimokita Peninsula.

Misawa, Aomori
Misawa (三沢市, Misawa-shi) is a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2025, the city had an estimated population of 37,065 in 19557 households, and a population density of 310 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 119.87 square kilometers (46.28 sq mi).

Misawa is the location of a large military base, Misawa Air Base, which is under joint operation of the United States Air Force's 35th Fighter Wing, Naval Air Facility, and Japan Air Self-Defense Force's 3rd Fighter Wing. It is also an important US base for signals intelligence and related activities. The city population figures do not include the estimated 10,000 American military personnel and their dependents stationed at Misawa Air Base.
New Zealand top 50 albums of 2017
This is a list of the top-selling albums in New Zealand for 2017 from the Official New Zealand Music Chart's end-of-year chart, compiled by Recorded Music NZ. Recorded Music NZ also published a list for the top 20 albums released by New Zealand artists.

Official Aotearoa Music Charts
The Official Aotearoa Music Charts, formerly the Official New Zealand Music Chart (Māori: Te Papa Tātai Waiata Matua o Aotearoa), is the weekly New Zealand top 40 singles and albums charts, issued weekly by Recorded Music NZ (formerly Recording Industry Association of New Zealand). The Music Chart also includes the top 40 Hot Singles chart, the top 20 New Zealand artist singles and albums, the top 20 Hot New Zealand singles, and top 10 compilation albums. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from music retailers in New Zealand.

The chart also publishes gold and platinum certifications of albums and singles, according to thresholds set by Recorded Music NZ, through the database on radioscope.net.nz.
Gérard Lhéritier
Gérard Lhéritier (born 21 June 1948) is a French manuscript dealer and expert in balloon mail. He is (or was) a sponsor of the National Library of France and around 2004 was the buyer of the manuscript of the Marquis de Sade’s 120 Days of Sodom. In 1990 he founded Aristophil but in March 2015, was arrested by French police in connection with an investigation into a suspected pyramid scheme fraud at the firm. In 2012, he won the largest ever EuroMillions jackpot awarded in France at €170 million.

Musée des Lettres et Manuscrits
The Musée des Lettres et Manuscrits (Museum of Letters and Manuscripts) was a museum of letters and manuscripts located at 222 Boulevard Saint-Germain in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, as well as in Brussels. It closed in 2014 after its owner Gérard Lhéritier and his company Aristophil were investigated for allegedly running the museum as an illegal Ponzi scheme.
Acid Tests
The Acid Tests were a series of parties held by author Ken Kesey primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area during the mid-1960s, centered on the use of and advocacy for the psychedelic drug LSD, commonly known as "acid".  LSD was not made illegal in California until October 6, 1966, under Governor Ronald Reagan's administration.

Owsley Stanley
Augustus Owsley Stanley III (January 19, 1935 – March 12, 2011) was an American-Australian audio engineer and clandestine chemist. He was a key figure in the San Francisco Bay Area hippie movement during the 1960s and played a pivotal role in the decade's counterculture.

Under the professional name Bear, he was the sound engineer for the Grateful Dead, recording many of the band's live performances. Stanley also developed the Grateful Dead's Wall of Sound, one of the largest mobile sound reinforcement systems ever constructed. Stanley also helped Robert Thomas design the band's trademark skull logo.

Called the Acid King by the media, Stanley was the first known private individual to manufacture mass quantities of LSD. By his own account, between 1965 and 1967, Stanley produced at least 500 grams of LSD, amounting to a little more than five million doses.

He died in a car accident in Australia (where he had taken citizenship in 1996) on March 12, 2011.
Labeobarbus jubbi
Labeobarbus jubbi is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Labeobarbus from the central Congo Basin in Angola and The Democratic Republic of the Congo. It may be threatened by pollution and sediment runoff from diamond mining activities in its area of occurrence. It is fished for in artisanal fisheries.

Labeobarbus
Labeobarbus is a mid-sized ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae. Its species are widely distributed throughout eastern Africa and especially southern Africa, but also in Lake Tana in Ethiopia. A common name, in particular for the southern species, is yellowfish. The scientific name refers to the fact that these large barbs recall the fairly closely related "carps" in the genus Labeo in size and shape. As far as can be told, all Labeobarbus species are hexaploid. One species, L. microbarbis from Rwanda, is known to have gone extinct in recent times.
K. Ramachandran
K. Ramachandran (born 9 August 1951) is an Indian politician and the Minister for Forests in Tamil Nadu. He was born in Coonoor.

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam(DMK) candidate from Gudalur constituency in 2006 and from Coonoor constituency in 2011 and 2021.

He also served as the Minister for Khadi of Tamil Nadu from 2006-2011 in the Cabinet of Dr.M. Karunanidhi.

The Coonoor seat had long been held by the DMK but supporters of Ramachandran were incensed that he was deselected for the 2016 elections and threatened to rebel. The new candidate was B. M. Mubarak, who had also been given the post of district secretary of the party in Nilgiris after Ramachandran had been removed from it in 2014. The DMK lost the seat.

B. M. Mubarak
B. M. Mubarak was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Gudalur constituency in the 1996 elections. He was a candidate of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party.

Mubarak was chief whip for the DMK between 1996–2001 and unsuccessfully stood again for election to the Assembly in the 2016 elections. On that occasion he contested the Coonoor constituency. The seat had long been held by the DMK but supporters of the incumbent, K. Ramachandran, had threatened to rebel after he was deselected in favour of Mubarak, who had also been given the post of district secretary of the party in Nilgiris. Ramachandran had been stripped of that district secretary office in 2014.
Shadkala Govinda Marar
Govinda Mārār (1798–1843), or Ṣaṭkāla Govinda Mārār was a Carnatic musician from Kerala, India. He was a contemporary of Tyāgarāja and Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma. He was also adept in playing musical instruments like Chenda, Edakka and Thimila. His expertise in singing in the six degrees of geometric speed earned him the title Ṣaṭkāla. By legend, Endaro Mahanubhavulu, one of Thyagaraja's most famous compositions, was composed after he heard Marar sing. He is said to have used a Tamburu having seven strings

Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
Sri Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma III (16 April 1813 – 26 December 1846) was the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore. He was a musician and composer who wrote over 400 classical compositions in both Carnatic and Hindustani style.

A code of laws, courts of justice, introduction of English education, construction of an observatory, installation of the first Government printing press, establishment of the first manuscripts library were amongst the many initiatives taken by Swathi Thirunal, as a King, to modernize Travancore.
P. Leela
Porayath Leela (19 May 1934 – 31 October 2005) was an Indian playback singer, a Carnatic vocalist, and a music director. She began her career as a playback singer in the 1948 Tamil film Kangkanam. She recorded songs in various Indian languages, including Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Hindi, Bengali, Sanskrit, Odia, Gujarati, Marathi, and Sinhala. Leela was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2006.

During her career, Leela collaborated with composers such as V. Dakshinamoorthy, Baburaj, G. Devarajan, Ghantasala, M. S. Viswanathan, K. Raghavan, Br Lakshmanan, L. P. R. Varma, B. A. Chidambaranath, A.T. Ummer, M. K. Arjunan, Johnson, Ouseppachan, Ilaiyaraja, as well as playback singers K. J. Yesudas and S. P. Balasubrahmanyam. Leela described her vocal style using the term Ganamani.

G. Devarajan
Paravoor Govindan Devarajan (1927–2006), popularly known as G. Devarajan or Devarajan master, was an Indian music composer and Carnatic vocalist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Malayalam film music, as well as being a highly respected figure among South Indian film musicians as a whole. He scored music for more than 300 Malayalam films, many dramas, and twenty Tamil and four Kannada movies. His collaborations with Vayalar Ramavarma produced the golden era of Malayalam film music and many of his compositions remain evergreen classics in Malayalam. His music in the Tamil film Annai Velankanni has received many accolades. Devarajan received Kerala Government's Best Music Director award five times, among other honours. In 1999, he was honoured with the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.
Francis Grant (artist)
Sir Francis Grant PRA (18 January 1803 – 5 October 1878) was a Scottish portrait painter who painted Queen Victoria and many British aristocratic and political figures. He served as President of the Royal Academy.

Portrait of Hope Grant
Portrait of Hope Grant is an oil on canvas portrait painting by the British artist Francis Grant, from 1853. It depicts his younger brother, the British Army officer Hope Grant.

The sitter is shown as a Lieutenant Colonel in the uniform of the Ninth Lancers, wearing the Companion of the Order of the Bath and three campaign medals. The backdrop reflects his extended service in India. The brothers continued to rise in their different careers. Francis went on to become President of the Royal Academy while Hope Grant led the expedition to Peking during the Second Opium War.

The work was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1854 at the National Gallery in London. The painting is now in the collection of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh, having been acquired in 1892. Francis painted his brother several times, a  later work shows him posing with a cello, a musical instrument he was notably skilled at.
Property Management of Chulalongkorn University
The Office of Property Management, Chulalongkorn University, branded as  PMCU, is an administrative department of the university, responsible for managing its real estate portfolio, which include areas in Bangkok's city centre set aside as its endowment by its founder, King Vajiravudh. PMCU manages neighbourhoods and commercial areas including Siam Square, Sam Yan and Suan Luang (on Banthat Thong Road), as well as land leased to shopping malls and commercial developments such as MBK Center, Chamchuri Square and Samyan Mitrtown.

Banthat Thong Road
Banthat Thong Road (Thai: ถนนบรรทัดทอง, pronounced [tʰā.nǒn bān.tʰát tʰɔ̄ːŋ]) is a street in Bangkok. It runs 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) from its junction with Rama IV Road at Saphan Lueang Intersection, through Pathum Wan and Ratchathewi districts, north to Phet Phra Ram Intersection, where it meets Phetchaburi Road. It crosses Rama I Road at Charoen Phon Intersection, near the National Stadium, and the area is home to a large number of sporting goods shops. The southern section of the road runs parallel to the canal Khlong Suan Luang, which also gives its name to the neighbourhood. The area's land is owned by Chulalongkorn University, whose Office of Property Management (PMCU) redeveloped most of the neighbourhood in the 2010s. The area is host to a variety of street food vendors and restaurants, and is a popular tourist attraction. In 2024, Time Out ranked Ban Tad Thong as the world's 14th coolest street.
Velika Kopašnica
Velika Kopašnica is a village in the municipality of Leskovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 676 people.

Serbian international football (Association football) goalkeeper Saša Stamenković, current goalkeeper of Neftchi Baku and previously Red Star Belgrade was born in Velika Kopašnica in 1985.

Leskovac
Leskovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Лесковац, pronounced [lěskoʋats]) is a city and the administrative center of the Jablanica District in southern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 58,338 while the city administrative area has 123,950 inhabitants.
Wardha
Wardha is a city and a municipal council in Wardha district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The administrative headquarter of Wardha district is situated here. Wardha gets its name from the Wardha River which flows on the northern, western and southern boundaries of the district. Founded in 1866, the town is now an important centre for cotton trade.

Vinoba Bhave
Vinayak Narahar Bhave, also known as Vinoba Bhave (pronunciationⓘ; 11 September 1895 – 15 November 1982), was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights. Often called Acharya (Teacher in Sanskrit), he is best known for the Bhoodan land reform movement. He is considered as National Teacher of India and the spiritual successor of Mahatma Gandhi. He was an eminent philosopher. He translated the Bhagavad Gita into the Marathi language with the title Geetai (meaning 'Mother Gīta' in Marathi).
Montevecchia
Montevecchia (Italian: [ˌmonteˈvɛkkja]; Brianzöö: Muntavégia) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Lecco. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,477 and an area of 5.9 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi).

Montevecchia borders the following municipalities: Cernusco Lombardone, Merate, Missaglia, Olgiate Molgora, Osnago, Perego and Rovagnate.

Olgiate Molgora
Olgiate Molgora (Brianzöö: Ulgiàa) is a comune in the Province of Lecco in the Lombardy region of Italy, located 35 km northeast of Milan at 287 meters elevation. As of 2025, it had 6,324 inhabitants across its 7.2 km² territory.

The municipality occupies a central position with respect to Milan, Lecco, Como, Bergamo and Monza which places it in an area well connected to the main urban, tourist and production centres. The presence of the Olgiate railway station, served by the S8 line of the Milan suburban railway service, with frequent connections that allow you to easily reach Milan (30 minutes), Lake Como (20 minutes), as well as the airports of Milan-Malpensa, Milan-Bergamo and Milan-Linate.
Xu Qian
Xu Qian or George Hsu (Chinese: 徐謙; June 15, 1871 – September 26, 1940) was a Chinese politician and jurist. He made important contribution to the judicial system of modern China.

Originated from She County of Anhui province and born in Nanchang of Jiangxi province, Xu Qian passed the highest level of Imperial Examination in 1903 and obtained Jinshi title. He was sent abroad to inspect European and American legal affairs, and participated in the judicial reforms of the late Qing Dynasty. Under the Republic of China, he served as the chief legal officer and director of the school committee of National Wuchang Sun Yat-Sen University (now Wuhan University). He was active in the politics of both the Beiyang government and the Nationalist government for many years. Xu Qian contributed a lot to the establishment and improvement of China's modern judicial system.

Ku Meng-yu
Ku Meng-yu (Chinese: 顧孟餘; pinyin: Gù Mèngyú; 1888 – June 25 1972) was a politician in the Republic of China, the founding president of the Central Daily News and a key leader of the Reorganization Group alongside Chen Gongbo. He served as Vice Premier in 1948. Following the Chinese Civil War, he worked with Zhang Fakui, Carsun Chang, and Tung Kuan-hsien to form a Third Force movement named The Liberal Democratic Union.
Transilien Paris-Nord
Transilien Paris-Nord is one of the sectors in the Paris Transilien suburban rail network. The trains on this sector depart from Gare du Nord in central Paris, and serve the north-west and north-east of Île-de-France region with Transilien lines H and K. Transilien services from Gare du Nord are part of the SNCF Gare du Nord rail network.

Valmondois station
Valmondois (French pronunciation: [valmɔ̃dwa] ⓘ) is a railway station located in the commune of Butry-sur-Oise, Val-d'Oise, France, on the border with Valmondois. The station is served by Transilien H trains Creil – Pontoise and Paris – Saint-Leu-la-Forêt – Persan-Beaumont. The daily number of passengers was between 500 and 2,500 in 2002.