hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Ditlev Rygh
Karl Ditlev Rygh (7 June 1839 – 10 March 1915) was a Norwegian archaeologist and politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born in Verdal Municipality, and was the brother of Evald and Oluf Rygh. He graduated as cand.philol. in 1863. He was hired as a teacher at Trondheim Cathedral School in 1866, and worked as headmaster there from 1887 to 1899. From 1868 he was a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters; he served as praeses of the organization from 1883 to 1897. As an archaeologist Rygh specialized in Norway north of Dovrefjell, especially Trøndelag. When his brother Oluf died, Karl Ditlev Rygh helped finish his main work, the nineteen-volume Norske Gaardnavne.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1886, 1889 and 1892, representing the constituency of Trondhjem og Levanger. He had served as a deputy representative during the term 1883–1885.

Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (Danish: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists.

The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
History of UK immigration control
Modern immigration border controls originated in 1905, although some means of controlling foreign visitors to the United Kingdom existed before then. Although an Alien Act was passed in 1793 and remained in force to some extent until 1836, there were no controls between then and 1905 barring a very loosely policed system of registration on entry.

Aliens Act 1793
The Aliens Act 1793 (33 Geo. 3. c. 4) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain regulating immigration into the country, in relation with the question of the French Emigration during the Revolution.

Introduced into the House of Lords by Lord Grenville on 19 December 1792, the act was given high priority during the parliamentary session. Despite the concerns of the opposition party, the act became law on 8 January 1793.
Alderton, Northamptonshire
Alderton is a small village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England. The village is about 3 miles (5 km) southeast of Towcester, 9 miles (14 km) south of Northampton, and 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Milton Keynes, along a road between the A5 and A508 main roads. The village is famous for the remains of an English Heritage Scheduled Ancient Monument, a Norman Castle, known locally as "The Mount", which was the subject of an investigation by the Channel 4 programme Time Team.

Arthur Haselrig
Sir Arthur Haselrig, 2nd Baronet (1601 – 7 January 1661) was an English politician and military officer. A major critic of Charles I of England during the period of Personal Rule from 1629 to 1640, he was one of the Five Members whose attempted arrest sparked the First English Civil War in August 1642. As a leading Parliamentarian, he held various military and political posts during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Haselrig approved the execution of Charles I in January 1649, although he refused to participate in his trial, but later opposed Oliver Cromwell's creation of The Protectorate in 1653. In the political struggle which ended with the Stuart Restoration in May 1660, he sought to prevent the return of Charles II of England. Viewed as an opponent of the new regime, he was arrested and held in the Tower of London, where he died on 7 January 1661.
Palawan fairy-bluebird
The Palawan fairy-bluebird (Irena tweeddalii) is a species of bird in the family Irenidae. It is native to Balabac Island, Palawan and the Calamian Islands in the Philippines. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forest and it is declining due to habitat destruction and deforestation.

Asian fairy-bluebird
The Asian fairy-bluebird (Irena puella) is a medium-sized, arboreal passerine bird. This fairy-bluebird is found in forests across tropical southern Asia, Indochina and the Greater Sundas. Two or three eggs are laid in a small cup nest in a tree. It was described by British ornithologist John Latham in 1790. The only other member of the genus and family is the Philippine fairy-bluebird, I. cyanogastra, which replaces the Asian fairy-bluebird in most of the Philippines. Both species are considered as sacred to the Tagalog people as they are perceived as tigmamanukan omens.

The adult Asian fairy bluebird is about 24 to 27 centimetres (9.4 to 10.6 in). The male has glossy, iridescent blue upperparts, and black underparts and flight feathers. The female and first year male are entirely dull blue-green.

The Asian fairy bluebird eats fruits, nectar and some insects. Its call is a liquid two note glue-it.
Gyeongin Line
The Gyeongin Line (Gyeonginseon) is a railway mainline in South Korea, currently connecting Guro station in Seoul and Incheon. Commuter services along the line through operates into Seoul Subway Line 1.

Guro station
Guro Station (Korean: 구로역) is a subway station in Guro District, Seoul, South Korea. It serves Seoul Subway Line 1.

The Gyeongin and Gyeongbu Lines separate at this station, with the former going west and the latter south. In addition, the Line 1 train service depot is located south of the station between Guro and Gasan Digital Complex Stations; several tracks diverge and lead to the depot.

All non-metro trains such as KTX, ITX-Saemaeul, Saemaeul-ho, Mugunghwa-ho, and Nuriro pass without stopping at Gyeongbu Line B (Seoul Station to Cheonan Express). Trains from Incheon Station and Shinchang Station and trains bound for Incheon and Shinchang are joined and diverted, with all trains on Line 1 in the Seoul metropolitan area except Gyeongbu Line B stopping, and some trains use the station as a city and destination.
David Malet Armstrong
David Malet Armstrong AO FAHA (8 July 1926 – 13 May 2014), often D. M. Armstrong, was an Australian philosopher. He is well known for his work on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, and for his defence of a factualist ontology, a functionalist theory of the mind, an externalist epistemology, and a necessitarian conception of the laws of nature.

Keith Campbell said that Armstrong's contributions to metaphysics and epistemology "helped to shape philosophy's agenda and terms of debate", and that Armstrong's work "always concerned to elaborate and defend a philosophy which is ontically economical, synoptic, and compatibly continuous with established results in the natural sciences".

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Rural Studio
The Rural Studio is a design-build architecture school and studio class run by Auburn University. It teaches students about the social responsibilities of the profession of architecture and provides good houses and buildings for poor communities in rural west Alabama, US, part of what is called the "Black Belt".

Hale County, Alabama
Hale County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,785. Its county seat is Greensboro. It is named in honor of Confederate officer Stephen Fowler Hale.

Hale County is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama metropolitan area.
Vignelli Center for Design Studies
The Vignelli Center for Design Studies, established in 2010, is a college of design at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Named after the New York City based Italian designers, Massimo and Lella Vignelli, this 15,500 square foot facility also holds the archives of their work as Vignelli Associates.

Rochester Institute of Technology
The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) is a private research university in Henrietta, New York, United States, a suburb of Rochester. It was founded in 1829. It is one of only two institutes of technology in New York state, the other being the New York Institute of Technology.

RIT enrolls about 21,000 students, of whom 18,000 are undergraduate and 3,000 are graduate students. These students come from all 50 states in the United States and more than 100 countries. The university has more than 4,000 faculty and staff. It also has branches abroad in Croatia, Kosovo,  and the United Arab Emirates. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Caterina Corner (dogaressa)
Caterina Corner (fl. 1367) was the Dogaressa of Venice by marriage to the Doge Marco Corner (r. 1365-1367).

Caterina became the second spouse of Marco Corner. Very little is known of her, but the fact that her low social status at birth made the election of her spouse as doge difficult. Dogaressa Caterina was somewhat mocked for her simple habits, which was not seen as unsuitable for the rank of a dogaressa, but the doge always loyally defended her and called her a good woman and wife.

Marco Cornaro
Marco Cornaro (c. 1286 – 13 January 1368), also known as Marco Corner, was the 59th doge of Venice, ruling from late July/early August 1365 until his death on 13 January1368. His brief reign saw the loss of Venetian territory to Genoa and the Ottoman Empire, though Venice was to enjoy economic growth during this time.
TT13
The Theban Tomb TT13 is located in Dra' Abu el-Naga', part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian Shuroy, who was Head of Brazier-bearers of Amun.

Dra' Abu el-Naga
The necropolis of Draʻ Abu el-Naga (Arabic: دراع ابو النجا) is located on the West Bank of the Nile at Thebes, Egypt, just by the entrance of the dry bay that leads up to Deir el-Bahari and north of the necropolis of el-Assasif. The necropolis is located near the Valley of the Kings.
Georgia's 154th House of Representatives district
District 154 elects one member of the Georgia House of Representatives. It contains the entirety of Baker County, Calhoun County, Clay County, Early County, Miller County, Randolph  County, Seminole County and Quitman County, as well as parts of Dougherty County.

Early County, Georgia
Early County is a county located on the southwest border of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,854. The county seat is Blakely, where the Early County Courthouse is located. Created on December 15, 1818, it was named for Peter Early, 28th Governor of Georgia. The county is bordered on the west by the Chattahoochee River, forming the border with Alabama.
Lauren Nourse
Lauren Nourse (born 10 August 1982) is an Australian former international netballer. Between 2007 and 2011, she made 25 senior appearances for Australia. Nourse was a member of the Australia teams that won the gold medal at the 2007 World Netball Championships and the silver medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Between 2004 and 2012, Nourse played for Queensland Firebirds. In 2011, she captained Firebirds when they won the 2011 ANZ Championship.

2012 Queensland Firebirds season
The 2012 Queensland Firebirds season saw Queensland Firebirds compete in the 2012 ANZ Championship. As both defending champions and winners of the Tauranga Pre-Season Tournament, Firebirds began the season as favorites. However they subsequently won just seven games and finished sixth during the regular season, failing to qualify for the play-offs. 
In October 2012, after three seasons as Firebirds' captain, Lauren Nourse announced her retirement.
À
À, à (a-grave) is a letter of the Catalan, Emilian-Romagnol, French, Italian, Maltese,   Occitan, Portuguese, Sardinian, Scottish Gaelic, Vietnamese, and Welsh languages consisting of the letter A of the ISO basic Latin alphabet and a grave accent. À is also used in Pinyin transliteration. In most languages, it represents the vowel a. This letter is also a letter in Taos to indicate a mid tone.

In accounting or invoices, à abbreviates "at a rate of": "5 apples à $1" (one dollar each). That usage is based upon the French preposition à and has evolved into the at sign (@). Sometimes, it is part of a surname: Thomas à Kempis, Mary Anne à Beckett.

A
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is a (pronounced /ˈeɪ/ ⓘ AY), plural aes.

It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version is often written in one of two forms: the double-storey |a| and single-storey |ɑ|. The latter form is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type.
Caprock High School
Caprock High School is located in Amarillo, Texas in Potter, County, which is part of the Texas Panhandle. Caprock is one of four high schools in the Amarillo Independent School District and classified as a 5A school by the UIL.  Caprock was built in 1964 and celebrated its 50th graduating class in 2014.   In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Amarillo Independent School District
Amarillo Independent School District is a school district that is based in the city of Amarillo, Texas, United States. Amarillo ISD covers about 70 square miles (180 km2) of land in Randall County and Potter County. In the 2009-2010 academic term, nearly 32,000 students were enrolled.
Mahmud Pasha (governor)
Mahmud Pasha (died 1567) was an Ottoman statesman from Bosnia: 123  who served as the Ottoman governor of Yemen Eyalet from 1561 to 1565 until being deposed, and of Egypt Eyalet from 1566 until his assassination by gunfire in 1567.

He was described as an "unscrupulous," corrupt, but wealthy official with "the riches of the al-Nazaris in his possession." He reportedly disliked his successor for the governorship of Yemen, Ridwan Pasha, and purposefully made his job harder with actions he took just before his removal from office.

As the governor of Egypt, Mahmud Pasha had the Al-Mahmoudia Mosque, which still stands today, built in Cairo.

Ridwan Pasha
Riḍwān ibn Muṣṭafā ibn ʿAbd al-Muʿīn Pasha (Turkish transliteration: Ridvan Pasha; died 2 April 1585) was a 16th-century Ottoman statesman. He served terms as governor of Gaza in the early 1560s and in 1570–1573, Yemen in 1564/65–1567, Habesh and Jeddah in 1573–1574 and Anatolia in 1582/83 until his death. During his term in Yemen, Ottoman authority largely collapsed. Ridwan Pasha was the progenitor of the Ridwan dynasty, which chose Gaza as its family headquarters, and where members of the dynasty ruled almost consecutively until 1690.
Richard Mills (composer)
Richard John Mills AO FAHA (born 14 November 1949) is an Australian conductor and composer. He was the artistic director of Victorian Opera from 2013-2023, and formerly artistic director of the West Australian Opera and artistic consultant with Orchestra Victoria. He was commissioned by the Victoria State Opera to write his opera Summer of the Seventeenth Doll (1996) and by Opera Australia to write the opera Batavia (2001).

Victorian Opera (Melbourne)
Victorian Opera is an opera company based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The company was founded in 2005 by the Victorian Government as a replacement for the Victoria State Opera. It commenced operations in January 2006 with Richard Gill as Artistic Director. Stuart Maunder is the current Artistic Director. The company is supported through government funding, patron contributions and corporate sponsorship.
Piedmonttreppen
A piedmonttreppen or piedmont benchland is a conceived landform consisting in a succession of benches at different heights and that forms in sequence during the uplift of a geological dome. The concept was first proposed in a posthumous publication by Walther Penck in 1924.

Penck's type area for the piedmontreppen was the Black Forest of Germany. Outside Germany the South Swedish Dome has been identified as containing a piedmonttreppen, with the uppermost and oldest surface being the Sub-Cambrian peneplain. It is followed by three surfaces, one at 300 m a.s.l., another at 200 m and then the South Småland peneplain. There have been attempts at describing the southern portion of the Scandinavian Mountains as having a piedmonttreppen topography made up of paleic surfaces in the uplands and a strandflat at sea level. This idea has been strongly contested by Olaf Holtedahl. Later authors also stress that the Scandinavian Mountains cannot be described as a series of domes.

Sub-Cambrian peneplain
The sub-Cambrian peneplain is an ancient, extremely flat, erosion surface (peneplain) that has been exhumed and exposed by erosion from under Cambrian strata over large swathes of Fennoscandia. Eastward, where this peneplain dips below Cambrian and other Lower Paleozoic cover rocks. The exposed parts of this peneplain are extraordinarily flat with relief of less than 20 m. The overlying cover rocks demonstrate that the peneplain was flooded by shallow seas during the Early Paleozoic.
Being the oldest identifiable peneplain in its area the Sub-Cambrian peneplain qualifies as a primary peneplain.

The surface was first identified by Arvid Högbom in a 1910 publication, with Sten Rudberg publishing the first extensive map in 1954. This mapping has been improved upon by Karna Lidmar-Bergström since the 1980s.
Frontline (Australian TV series)
Frontline is an Australian comedy television series which satirised Australian television current affairs programs and reporting. It ran for three series of 13 half-hour episodes and was broadcast on ABC TV in 1994, 1995 and 1997.

Drop the Dead Donkey
Drop the Dead Donkey is a British television sitcom that was first shown on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 1998. It is set in the offices of "GlobeLink News", a fictional TV news company. Recorded close to transmission, it made use of contemporary news events to give the programme a greater sense of realism. It was created by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin. The series had an ensemble cast, making stars of Haydn Gwynne, Stephen Tompkinson and Neil Pearson.

The show was awarded the Best Comedy (Programme or Series) Award at the 1994 BAFTA Awards. At the British Comedy Awards the show won Best New TV Comedy in 1990, Best Channel 4 Comedy in 1991, and Best Channel 4 Sitcom in 1994.

In 2000, the show was ranked 94 on the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, a list compiled by the British Film Institute.
RAF Kenley
Royal Air Force Kenley, more commonly known as RAF Kenley, is a former station of the Royal Flying Corps in the First World War and the RAF in the Second World War. It played a significant role during the Battle of Britain as one of the three RAF stations specifically tasked with the defence of London. It is located near Kenley on the edge of Greater London. The site remains in use with the Ministry of Defence, as Kenley Airfield.

No. 661 Squadron AAC
No. 661 Squadron AAC is a squadron of the British Army's Army Air Corps (AAC). It was formerly No. 661 Squadron, a Royal Air Force air observation post squadron associated with the Canadian 1st Army and later part of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force. Numbers 651 to 663 Squadrons of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with British Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. A further three of these squadrons, 664–666, were manned with Canadian personnel. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957.
Literary Guild
The Literary Guild of America is a mail order book club selling low-cost editions of selected current books to its members. Established in 1927 to compete with the Book of the Month Club, it is currently owned by Bookspan. It was a way to encourage reading among the American public through curated and affordable selections.

Book sales club
A book sales club is a subscription-based method of selling and purchasing books. It is more often called simply a book club, a term that is also used to describe a book discussion club, which can cause confusion.
Moser Channel
Moser Channel is the deepest passage spanned by the Seven Mile Bridge and is one of four predominant passages in the Florida Keys which allow exchange of waters to the north and west of the Keys (including Florida Bay and the Gulf of Mexico) with the Atlantic waters of Hawk Channel and the Florida Reef to the south and east. Moser Channel has an orientation perpendicular to the bridge. The other three Keys passages important to the exchange of south Florida coastal waters are Long Key Channel, Channel 5, and Channel 2.

Seven Mile Bridge
The Seven Mile Bridge is a bridge in the Florida Keys, in Monroe County, Florida, United States.  It connects Knight's Key (part of the city of Marathon, Florida) in the Middle Keys to Little Duck Key in the Lower Keys. Among the longest bridges in existence when it was built, it is part of the Overseas Highway in the Keys, which is part of the 2,369-mile (3,813 km) U.S. Route 1.

There are two bridges in this location. The modern bridge is open to vehicular traffic; the older one only to pedestrians and cyclists. The older bridge, originally known as the Knights Key-Pigeon Key-Moser Channel-Pacet Channel Bridge, was constructed from 1909 to 1912 under the direction of Henry Flagler and Clarence S. Coe as part of the Florida East Coast Railway's Key West Extension, also known as the Overseas Railroad.
Nicholas Hardinge
Nicholas Hardinge (1699–1758) was an English civil servant, clerk to the House of Commons from 1731 to 1752 and then Secretary to the Treasury, and a Member of Parliament known also as a Neo-Latin poet.

Clerk of the House of Commons
The Under Clerk of the Parliaments, known informally as the clerk of the House of Commons, is the chief executive of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and before 1707 in the House of Commons of England. The Clerk of the Parliaments is the counterpart in the House of Lords.
Great icosahedron
In geometry, the great icosahedron is one of four Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra (nonconvex regular polyhedra), with Schläfli symbol {3,5⁄2}  and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram of . It is composed of 20 intersecting triangular faces, having five triangles meeting at each vertex in a pentagrammic sequence.

The great icosahedron can be constructed analogously to the pentagram, its two-dimensional analogue, via the extension of the (n–1)-dimensional simplex faces of the core n-polytope (equilateral triangles for the great icosahedron, and line segments for the pentagram) until the figure regains regular faces. The grand 600-cell can be seen as its four-dimensional analogue using the same process.

Icosahedron
In geometry, an icosahedron (/ˌaɪkɒsəˈhiːdrən, -kə-, -koʊ-/ or /aɪˌkɒsəˈhiːdrən/) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes from Ancient Greek  εἴκοσι (eíkosi) 'twenty' and  ἕδρα (hédra) 'seat'. The plural can be either "icosahedra" (/-drə/) or "icosahedrons".

There are infinitely many non-similar shapes of icosahedra, some of them being more symmetrical than others. The best known is the (convex, non-stellated) regular icosahedron—one of the Platonic solids—whose faces are 20 equilateral triangles.