hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Questions: Philosophy for Young People
Questions: Philosophy for Young People is a peer-reviewed academic journal sponsored by the Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization (PLATO), the American Philosophical Association, and York College of Pennsylvania. It publishes short articles, discussions, drawings, and other writings by school students interested in philosophical issues. Questions is published in an easy to read format to make it accessible to students of all ages, though it is also intended for teachers and parents who want to introduce philosophy to children. The journal is published by the Philosophy Documentation Center. Members of the American Association of Philosophy Teachers have online access to this journal as a benefit of membership.

Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization
The Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization (PLATO) is a U.S. non-profit membership organization established in 2010 by a committee of the American Philosophical Association to promote philosophy to K-12 students. An advocate for the Philosophy for Children movement, PLATO became an independent 501(c)(3) organization in 2012 and merged with the Center for Philosophy for Children in Seattle in 2022. As a member of the UNESCO Chair program "Practices of Philosophy with Children," PLATO maintains affiliations with the University of Nantes and the University of Washington, as well as other institutions.
Eyl
Eyl is an ancient port town in the northeastern Nugal region of Somalia in the autonomous Puntland region, also serving as the capital of the Eyl District. Eyl, also called Illig, was the capital of the Dervish from 1905 onwards, until superseded by Taleh, which became Dervish capital in 1909.

Nugal, Somalia
Nugal (Somali: Nugaal, Arabic: نوغال, Italian: Nogal), traditionally known as Nugaaleed-Bari or Bari-Nugaal meaning eastern Nugaal, or Nugaal xaggeeda hoose meaning lower Nugaal, is an administrative region (gobol) in northern Somalia.
Too Many Broken Hearts
"Too Many Broken Hearts" is a song by Australian singer and actor Jason Donovan, released on 20 February 1989 as the third single from his debut album, Ten Good Reasons (1989), and 1991's Greatest Hits album and again on a later collection in 2006. The song reached number-one in the United Kingdom and Ireland in March 1989. The song additionally peaked within the top 10 in Australia, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain.

Greatest Hits (1991 Jason Donovan album)
Greatest Hits is the first compilation album to be released by Australian singer Jason Donovan. The collection was released in 1991.

The album featured all his UK hit singles up to this point apart from his recent No.1 single "Any Dream Will Do", which featured on the cast recording of Joseph and the Technicolor Dreamcoat (released on the Polydor label). 10 of the 13 tracks had featured on Donovan's first two albums, with new singles "R.S.V.P." and "Happy Together" included along with a cover of the Elvis Presley hit "A Fool Such as I". This album marked the end of Donovan's work with Stock Aitken Waterman, the producers who had masterminded his music career up to this point.

The album reached No.9 on the UK Charts and a video compilation was released to coincide with the album. The cover photo was taken during sessions for the "When You Come Back to Me" single and was therefore two years old at the time of release.
Cao Xiwen
Cao Xiwen (Chinese: 曹曦文; pinyin: cáo Xīwén; born 16 November 1983) is a Chinese actress. She is noted for her roles as Consort Xiao and Gao Cuilan in the television series Beauty World and Journey to the West respectively.

Pure Consort Xiao
Consort Xiao, Pure Consort Xiao or Xiao Shufei (蕭淑妃, personal name unknown) (died c.November 655), was a concubine of Emperor Gaozong of Tang (Li Zhi). She was initially favored by him and bore him a son and two daughters—Li Sujie and the Princesses Yiyang and Gao'an—but later, after her romantic rival Empress Wang introduced another concubine, Consort Wu (later known as Wu Zetian), to Emperor Gaozong, Emperor Gaozong became enamored with Consort Wu.  Empress Wang and Consort Xiao instead joined forces to try to counter Consort Wu, but in 655, Emperor Gaozong deposed both of them on accusations of witchcraft and replaced Empress Wang with Consort Wu.  Soon, they were executed on the new Empress Wu's orders.
Fulton Chain of Lakes
The Fulton Chain of Lakes is a string of eight lakes located in the Adirondack Park in upstate New York, United States. The chain is the dammed-up Moose River, and the dam which creates the chain holds back nearly 6.8 billion US gallons (26,000,000 m3) of water. The lakes are located in Herkimer and Hamilton Counties. Inlet, Old Forge, and Eagle Bay are towns on them. The chain begins near Old Forge and ends before it reaches Raquette Lake. The lakes are named for Robert Fulton, inventor of the steamboat, who proposed connecting the lakes to create an Adirondack canal. They are suitable for pontoon boats (the most popular type in the area), kayaks, and motorboats. The chain is part of the 740-mile (1,190 km) Northern Forest Canoe Trail, which begins on First Lake and ends in Fort Kent, Maine.

Old Forge, New York
Old Forge is a hamlet (and census-designated place) on New York State Route 28 in the town of Webb in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 756 at the 2010 census. Old Forge was formerly a village but dissolved its incorporation in 1936,; it remains the principal community in the region. As one of the western gateway communities of the Adirondack Park, Old Forge has an extensive business district primarily directed at tourism, especially during the summer months. The local school is the Town of Webb UFSD, a K–12 institution with the Timberwolves as its mascot (changed from Eskimos in 2023). Old Forge often records the lowest winter temperatures in New York. On February 17, 1979, the record low temperature for New York was set in Old Forge at −52 °F (−47 °C).
Gleneagles Hospital Hong Kong
Gleneagles Hospital Hong Kong (formerly Gleneagles Hong Kong Hospital) is a private multi-specialty district general hospital in Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong. The 500-bed hospital is a joint venture between Singapore-based Parkway Pantai and Hong Kong-listed NWS Holdings, with The University of Hong Kong being the hospital’s exclusive clinical partner. The hospital opened on 21 March 2017. Gleneagles is also a full-scale teaching hospital, offering clinical training to medical students of HKU Medical Faculty.

Parkway Pantai
Parkway Pantai, Ltd. is a medical company based in Singapore and is Southeast Asia's largest private healthcare provider, and one of the largest in Asia. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kuala Lumpur-based IHH Healthcare, whose largest shareholder is Malaysian state investment agency Khazanah Nasional. Parkway Pantai operates private hospitals in Singapore, Brunei, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, India, Vietnam and the United Arab Emirates. IHH Healthcare also owns the International Medical University. In July 2017, According to the reports, Parkway Pantai issued a US$2 billion multicurrency bond to refinance its debts.
NKVD prisoner massacre in Lutsk
The NKVD prisoner massacre in Lutsk was a Soviet war crime conducted by the NKVD and NKGB in the city of Lutsk, situated in occupied Poland (present-day Ukraine). On June 23, 1941, during the second day of the German invasion of the USSR, the Soviets executed a vast majority of the prisoners held in the Lutsk prison, predominantly Ukrainians and Poles. The estimated number of victims is believed to be around 2,000, although there are varying estimates from different sources. This atrocity was one among many prisoner massacres carried out by the Soviet secret police and army during the summer of 1941.

NKVD prisoner massacres
The NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions of political prisoners carried out by the NKVD, the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, across Eastern Europe, primarily in Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states, and Bessarabia. After the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, NKVD troops were supposed to evacuate political prisoners to the interior of the Soviet Union, but the hasty retreat of the Red Army, a lack of transportation and other supplies, and general disregard for legal procedures often led to prisoners being simply executed.

Estimates of the death toll vary by location; nearly 9,000 in the Ukrainian SSR, 20,000–30,000 in eastern Poland (now part of Western Ukraine), with the total number reaching approximately 100,000 extrajudicial executions in the span of a few weeks.
Moravian Philharmonic
The Moravian Philharmonic (Moravská filharmonie Olomouc) is a Czech classical orchestra founded in 1945. Its resident venue is the Moravian Theatre in Olomouc.

The current director is conductor Petr Vronský. Notable collaborators include David Oistrach, Václav Hudeček, Josef Suk (1929–2011) grandson of the composer, Sviatoslav Richter, Yehudi Menuhin, Václav Neumann, Libor Pešek and others. In 2003, in collaboration with composers Jerry Martin and Andy Brick, the orchestra recorded 5 songs for the Rush Hour expansion of the Maxis game SimCity 4. Petr Pololáník conducted the group for these recordings.

SimCity 4: Rush Hour
SimCity 4: Rush Hour is the expansion pack for SimCity 4 created by EA Games and Maxis, where the player builds a city from scratch. It was released in September 2003 simultaneously with a deluxe edition of SimCity 4 which also contains the expansion pack built-in.

In SimCity 4: Rush Hour, players continue to build and manage cities, but now have the ability to control the transportation systems within their cities, including roads, highways, railways, and airports. The expansion pack also introduces disasters, such as tornadoes and earthquakes, which can impact players' cities.

SimCity 4: Rush Hour received generally positive reviews upon release, with many praising the added depth and replay value provided by the new transportation and disaster features.
Lokomotiv Yaroslavl
Hockey Club Lokomotiv (Russian: ХК Локомотив, English: Locomotive HC), also known as Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, is a professional ice hockey club based in Yaroslavl, Russia. It is a member of the Tarasov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The name of the team is derived from its owner, Russian Railways, the national railroad operator.

On 7 September 2011, nearly the entire team perished in a plane crash. The team's flight to a game in Minsk crashed during takeoff, killing all of the team's roster (except forward Maxim Zyuzyakin, who was not on the flight), all coaching staff (except goaltending coach Jorma Valtonen, not on the flight) and four players from the Loko 9 juniors squad of the Minor Hockey League (MHL). The tragedy forced Lokomotiv Yaroslavl to cancel their participation in the 2011–12 KHL season. In their 16th season in the KHL in 2024–25, Lokomotiv captured the Gagarin Cup, their first in franchise history.

Junior Hockey League (Russia)
The Junior Hockey League (JHL) (Russian: Молодежная Хоккейная Лига (МХЛ), romanized: Molodezhnaya Hokkeinaya Liga (MHL)), sometimes translated as the Minor or Youth Hockey League, is a major junior ice hockey league in Eurasia, founded in 2009. It currently consists of 33 teams from 3 countries. Currently, all teams but one are subsidiaries (feeder teams) of their respective KHL or VHL professional counterparts. A player's age cannot be older than 20.  The Kharlamov Cup, named after star ice hockey player Valeri Kharlamov, is awarded annually as the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia's official Junior Championship, following a 16-team playoff at the end of the regular season.
Oslolosen
Kjell Aronsen, known as "Oslolosen", is a fictional character on the Norwegian sketch comedy television show Uti vår hage 2, a show that ran on the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) in the spring of 2008. The character, portrayed by Harald Eia, premiered in episode two of the show, and has also appeared in several shorter segments released directly onto the NRK website and on YouTube. As of 1 September 2011, some of the YouTube episodes have received as many as 800,000 views.

Harald Eia
Harald Meldal Eia (born 9 February 1966) is a Norwegian comedian, and sociologist.  In recent years, Eia has also made TV-documentaries and written books.

Eia became a household name in Norway in the mid-90s and has since then been one of country´s most well-known comedians.
Hanover School District 28
Hanover School District 28 is a school district serving rural areas of southern El Paso County, Colorado, including the unincorporated community of Wigwam. In the 2023–24 school year, the school district enrolled 271 students.

El Paso County, Colorado
El Paso County is the most populous county in the U.S state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 730,395, surpassing the city and county of Denver. The county seat is Colorado Springs, the second most populous city in Colorado. El Paso County is included in the Colorado Springs, Colorado, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Qiu Chuji
Qiu Chuji (10 February 1148– 21 August 1227), courtesy name Tongmi (通密), also known by his Taoist name Master Changchun, was a renowned Taoist master from late Southern Song/Jin dynasty and a famous disciple of Wang Chongyang, the founder of Quanzhen School. He is known for being invited by Genghis Khan to a personal meeting near the Hindu Kush, who also respected and honored him as an Immortal.

Qiu was one of the Seven True Daoists of the North. He was the founder of the Dragon Gate sect of Taoism attracting a following in the streams of traditions flowing from the sects of the disciples.

Dragon Gate Taoism
The Dragon Gate sect (龍門派 Lóngmén pài) of the Complete Reality School (全真派 Quánzhēn pài) of Taoism incorporates elements of Buddhism and Confucianism into a comprehensive form of Taoism.

Complete Reality Taoism is generally divided into two main traditions, Southern and Northern. The Dragon Gate sect is an offshoot of the Northern school. Its spiritual descent is traced to the thirteenth-century master Qiu Chang-chun (also known as Qiu Chuji), who was one of the original seven disciples of Wang Chongyang. Chang-chun means "Eternal Spring". Genghis Khan appointed Chang-chun overseer of all religions in China, and the Dragon Gate sect thus played a critical role in the conservation of the Han Chinese culture.
Inflorescence
In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis (peduncle) and by the timing of its flowering (determinate and indeterminate).

Morphologically, an inflorescence is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed on the axis of a plant. The modifications can involve the length and the nature of the internodes and the phyllotaxis, as well as variations in the proportions, compressions, swellings, adnations, connations and reduction of main and secondary axes.

One can also define an inflorescence as the reproductive portion of a plant that bears a cluster of flowers in a specific pattern.

Sympodial branching
In botany, sympodial growth is a bifurcating branching pattern where one branch develops more strongly than the other, resulting in the stronger branches forming the primary shoot and the weaker branches appearing laterally. A sympodium, also referred to as a sympode or pseudaxis, is the primary shoot, comprising the stronger branches, formed during sympodial growth. The pattern is similar to dichotomous branching; it is characterized by branching along stems or hyphae.

Sympodial growth occurs when the apical meristem is terminated and growth is continued by one or more lateral meristems, which repeat the process. The apical meristem may be consumed to make an inflorescence or other determinate structure, or it may be aborted.
Pokagon State Park
Pokagon State Park is an Indiana state park in the northeastern part of the state, near the village of Fremont and 5 miles (8 km) north of Angola. It was named for the 19th-century Potawatomi chief, Leopold Pokagon, and his widely known son, Simon Pokagon, at Richard Lieber's suggestion. The 1,260-acre (5.1 km2) park has an inn, camping facilities, and a staff of full-time naturalists. Pokagon receives nearly 640,000 visitors annually.

Leopold Pokagon
Leopold Pokagon (c. 1775 – 1841) was a Potawatomi Wkema (leader).  Taking over from Topinbee, who became the head of the Potawatomi of the Saint Joseph River Valley in Michigan, a band that later took his name.
Big Flats, New York
Big Flats is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 7,822 at the 2020 census. The town is on the western border of the county, west of Elmira.  It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town contains a hamlet also named Big Flats.

Chemung County, New York
Chemung County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 84,148 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is Elmira. Its name is derived from a Delaware Indian village whose name means "big horn" in the Seneca language. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Chemung County comprises the Elmira, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY Combined Statistical Area.

Many signs posted along roads in Chemung County refer to the area as "Mark Twain Country," because the noted author lived and wrote for many years in Elmira.
2009 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The 2009 election of the Speaker of the House of Commons occurred on 22 June 2009 following the resignation of Michael Martin as Speaker during the parliamentary expenses scandal. Martin was the first Speaker since Sir John Trevor in 1695 to be forced out of office. It was the first Speaker election since 11 May 2005, and the first contested election of a Speaker since 23 October 2000.

Conservative MP John Bercow was elected as the new speaker, after three rounds of voting.

Richard Shepherd
Sir Richard Charles Scrimgeour Shepherd (6 December 1942 – 19 February 2022) was a British politician who was Member of Parliament for Aldridge-Brownhills from 1979 to 2015. A Eurosceptic, Shepherd was one of the Maastricht Rebels that had the whip withdrawn over opposition to Prime Minister John Major's legislation on the European Union. Shepherd was also a libertarian Conservative, and had a three line whip imposed against him by Margaret Thatcher when he introduced an amendment to loosen the Official Secrets Act 1911.
Geelvink imperial pigeon
The Geelvink imperial pigeon (Ducula geelvinkiana) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Indonesia's Schouten Islands (also known as the Geelvink Islands) and Mios Num Island, which lie north of New Guinea. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and mangrove forests.

The Geelvink imperial pigeon was formerly considered conspecific with the spice imperial pigeon (Ducula myristicivora), but was recognized as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.

It is threatened by hunting and habitat loss.

Biak Archipelago
The Biak Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Biak, also Schouten Islands or Geelvink Islands) are an island group of Papua province, eastern Indonesia in the Cenderawasih Bay (or Geelvink Bay) 50 km off the north-western coast of the island of New Guinea. The group consists of the main islands of Biak, Supiori and Numfor, and numerous smaller islands, mostly covered in rain forest. The population of the archipelago is about 130,000.
Ek Tukro Chand
Ek Tukro Chand (transl. A Piece of Moon) is a 2001 Indian Bengali action adventure film directed by Pinaki Chaudhuri, based on the Kakababu story, Santu O Ek Tukro Chand by Sunil Gangopadhyay. It is a sequel to 1995 film Kakababu Here Gelen?.

Sabyasachi Chakrabarty
Sabyasachi Chakrabarty (Bengali pronunciation: [/ʃob.ja.sɑ.t͡ʃi/]) is an Indian actor known for his work in theatre, films and television. He is best known for portraying iconic Bengali detective characters, Feluda, and Kakababu.
Zhangguying Village
Zhangguying Village (simplified Chinese: 张谷英村; traditional Chinese: 張谷英村; pinyin: zhāng-gǔ-yīng cūn) is an ancient village. Located in Zhangguying Town, Yueyang County, Hunan Province, the village is named after the forefather Zhang Guying. It is famous for its ancient building complex (古建筑群) in the Ming and Qing dynasties. As vernacular residence in scale in the South Central China,  the ancient building complex is the best preserved in China. Constructed broadly in scale and decorated splendidly, it covers more than 50,000 m2 (540,000 sq ft) with 1,732 rooms. The complex has been placed on the list of Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level on June 25, 2001.  The village was also included on the first batch list of National Famous Historical and Cultural Villages on October 8, 2003, and became one of AAAA-rated tourist attractions on December 18, 2014.

Zhangguying
Zhangguying Town (simplified Chinese: 张谷英镇; traditional Chinese: 張谷英鎮; pinyin: Zhānggǔyīng Zhèn) is a town of Yueyang County, Hunan Province, China. It was reformed on November 30, 2015. The town has an area of 177.36 kilometres (110.21 mi). As of 2015, it has a census registered population of 46,200. Zhangguying Town is divided into 13 villages and a community under its jurisdiction, the seat of town is Weidong Community (渭洞社区). The town is named after the Major National Historical and Cultural Site of Zhangguying Village.
Space Data Integrator
Space Data Integrator is a process/service platform or tool being developed by the US FAA to integrate space launch and reentry into the US National Airspace System. It intends to oversee and manage airspace safety during space operations, ensuring the safety of vehicles more efficiently than manual processes.

National Airspace System
The National Airspace System (NAS) is the airspace, navigation facilities and airports of the United States along with their associated information, services, rules, regulations, policies, procedures, personnel and equipment. It includes components shared jointly with the military. It is one of the most complex aviation systems in the world, and services air travel in the United States and over large portions of the world's oceans.
That Same Old Feeling
"That Same Old Feeling" is the title of a pop song composed by John Macleod and Tony Macaulay which in 1970 was a Top Ten UK hit for Pickettywitch, an English band fronted by Polly Brown. In the US the Pickettywitch single vied with a rival version by The Fortunes, with both versions scoring well-enough regionally to reach the Top 70 of the Hot 100, the national hit parade maintained by Billboard magazine.

John Macleod (songwriter)
John Macleod (sometimes spelled McLeod) is a Canadian-born English songwriter and musician. he co-wrote the hits "Baby, Now That I've Found You" for The Foundations, "Let the Heartaches Begin for Long John Baldry, "Heaven Knows I'm Missing Him Now" and many more.
Calumet High School (Chicago)
Calumet High School–Perspectives was a public four-year charter high school and middle school located in the Auburn Gresham neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opening as Calumet Township High School in 1889, it became a Chicago Public School in 1900 and closed in 2006. From 2006 until 2020, the building was used by two charter schools under Perspective Charter Schools.

Auburn Gresham, Chicago
Auburn Gresham is a community area in Chicago, Illinois, on the far south side of the city. It was the original location of the South Side Irish Parade before it relocated to the adjoining Beverly neighborhood to the southwest. Its residents are mostly African American.