hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iranian Americans
Iranian-Americans, also known as Persian Americans, are United States citizens or nationals who are of Iranian ancestry or who hold Iranian citizenship. According to the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the Ministry of Interior of Iran, the United States has the greatest number of Iranians outside the country.

Most Iranian-Americans arrived in the United States after 1979 in the wake  of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Iranian monarchy. Over 40% of them settled in California, specifically Los Angeles, where they formed distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Angelino community of "Tehrangeles" in Westwood, Los Angeles.

Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian-Americans at 691,000, about half of whom live in  California.

Iranian Jews
Iranian Jews constitute one of the oldest communities of the Jewish diaspora. Dating back to the biblical era, they originate from the Jews who arrived in Iran as Babylonian captives. Books of the Hebrew Bible (i.e., Esther, Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah) bring together an extensive narrative shedding light on contemporary Jewish life experiences in ancient Iran; there has been a continuous Jewish presence in Iran since at least the time of Cyrus the Great, who led Achaemenid army's conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and subsequently freed the Judahites from the Babylonian captivity.

After 1979, Jewish emigration from Iran increased dramatically in light of the country's Islamic Revolution and fall of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. Today, the vast majority of Iranian Jews reside in Israel and the United States.
Frank Hadden
Frank Hadden (born 14 June 1954) is a Scottish rugby union coach. He is a former head coach of Scotland and Edinburgh Rugby.

Hadden replaced Matt Williams and was appointed on 15 September 2005. Hadden coached the Merchiston Castle School 1st XV after being appointed Head of Physical Education at the school in 1983. He coached several Scottish age-group teams before being appointed assistant coach of the Caledonian Reds in 1997. He was later appointed coach of Edinburgh Gunners (now Edinburgh Rugby) in 2000 prior to becoming the Scotland coach. He has since coached Scotland to notable wins over England and France in the 2006 Six Nations and again winning the Calcutta Cup against England in the 2008 Six Nations. He parted company with the national side on 2 April 2009 after a second consecutive disappointing Six Nations where they finished second bottom after winning just one match.

Matt Williams (rugby union coach)
Matt Williams (born 1960) is an Australian former rugby union coach who is best known for having led the Scotland men's national rugby union team to 14 losses in 17 games between 2003 and 2005, with a win rate of just 17.65%. Since 2015 he has worked as a pundit for Virgin Media Television and has written for The Irish Times since 2011.
Cromford and High Peak Railway
The Cromford and High Peak Railway (C&HPR) was a standard-gauge line between the Cromford Canal wharf at High Peak Junction and the Peak Forest Canal at Whaley Bridge. The railway, which was completed in 1831, was built to carry minerals and goods through the hilly rural terrain of the Peak District within Derbyshire, England. The route was marked by a number of roped worked inclines. Due to falling traffic, the entire railway was closed by 1967.

The remains of the line, between Dowlow and Cromford, has now become the High Peak Trail, a route on the National Cycle Network.

Cable railway
A cable railway is a railway that uses a cable, rope or chain to haul trains. It is a type of cable transportation.

The most common use for a cable railway is to move vehicles on a steeply graded line that is too steep for conventional locomotives – this is often called an incline or inclined plane, or, in New Zealand, a jigline, or jig line. A common form of incline is the funicular – an isolated passenger railway where the cars are permanently attached to the cable. In other forms, the cars attach and detach to the cable at the ends of the cable railway. Some cable railways are not steeply graded – these are often used in quarries to move large numbers of wagons between the quarry to the processing plant.
The Tower (Motorpsycho album)
The Tower is a studio album by Norwegian rock band Motorpsycho, released on September 8, 2017, through Stickman Records and Rune Grammofon. This is the first installment in the band's Gullvåg Trilogy with the second installment being 2019's The Crucible and the third and final installment being 2020's The All Is One. The album is available as double vinyl, double CD and a digital download.

The album was nominated for the best rock album at the 2017 Spellemannprisen.

The All Is One
The All Is One is a studio album by Norwegian rock band Motorpsycho, released on August 28, 2020, through Stickman Records and Rune Grammofon. This is the third and final installment in the band's Gullvåg Trilogy with the first installment being 2017's The Tower and the second installment being 2019's The Crucible. The album is available as a double vinyl, double CD and digital download.
Raymond Collishaw
Raymond Collishaw, CB, DSO & Bar, OBE, DSC, DFC (22 November 1893 – 28 September 1976) was a distinguished Canadian fighter pilot, squadron leader, and commanding officer who served in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) and later the Royal Air Force (RAF). He was the highest scoring RNAS flying ace and the second highest scoring Canadian pilot of the First World War. He was noted as a great leader in the air, leading many of his own formations into battle. After the Great War, he became a permanent commissioned officer in the RAF, seeing action against the Bolsheviks in 1919–20, and subsequently commanding various Air Service detachments. During the Second World War, he commanded No. 204 Group (which later became the Desert Air Force) in North Africa, achieving great success against the numerically and technologically superior Italian Air Force. He was retired in 1943.

No. 210 Squadron RAF
No. 210 Squadron was a Royal Air Force unit established in the First World War. Disbanded and reformed a number of times in the ensuing years, it operated as a fighter squadron during the First World War and as a maritime patrol squadron during the Spanish Civil War, the Second World War and the Cold War before it was last deactivated in 1971.
2018 British Academy Television Awards
The 2018 British Academy Television Awards took place on 13 May 2018 at the Royal Festival Hall in London.

The nominations were announced on 4 April, with Line of Duty leading with four awards. Black Mirror, The Crown and Three Girls followed with three nominations.

The 2018 British Academy Television Craft Awards were held on 22 April 2018.

2018 British Academy Television Craft Awards
The 19th Annual British Academy Television Craft Awards are presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) and was held on 22 April 2018. For the sixth consecutive year, Stephen Mangan was the ceremony's host. The awards were held at The Brewery, City of London, and given in recognition of technical achievements in British television of 2017. The Crown lead the nominations with seven followed by Taboo with six.
History of parliamentary constituencies and boundaries in Northumberland
The county of Northumberland has returned four MPs to the UK Parliament since 1983. Under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, coming into effect for the 2024 general election, the boundary commission proposed that two of the four constituencies be shared with the county of Tyne and Wear.

Under the Local Government Act 1972, which came into effect on 1 April 1974, the boundaries of the historic/administrative county were significantly altered with the south-east of the county, comprising more than half the electorate, being transferred to the new metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. These changes were reflected in the following redistribution of parliamentary seats which did not come into effect until the 1983 general election, resulting in a reduction in the county's representation from 10 to 4 MPs.

Blyth Valley (UK Parliament constituency)
Blyth Valley, formerly known as Blyth, was a constituency most recently represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2019 by Ian Levy, a Conservative  until its abolition in 2024.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished, with the majority of its contents - excluding the town of Blyth itself - being absorbed into the new constituency of Cramlington and Killingworth, to be first contested at the 2024 general election. Blyth was included in the new constituency of Blyth and Ashington.
Shivarahasya Purana
Shivarahasya Purana (Sanskrit: शिवरहस्यपुराणम्; śiva rahasya purāṇa) is one of the 'Shaiva Upapuranas' or ancillary Purana regarding Shiva and Shaivite worship and is also considered 'Indian epic poetry' (Itihāsa).

Upapurana
The Upapuranas (Sanskrit: Upapurāṇa) are a genre of Hindu religious texts consisting of many compilations differentiated from the Mahapuranas by styling them as secondary Puranas using the prefix Upa (secondary). Though only a few of these compilations originated earlier than most of the extant Mahapuranas, some of these texts are extensive and important.
Loandjili
4°45′22″S 11°51′28″E﻿ / ﻿4.7561°S 11.8577°E﻿ / -4.7561; 11.8577

Loandjili (Lo-anh-ji-li), also known as Louantili, is one of the arrondissements of the city of Pointe-Noire in the Republic of the Congo. Its population is approximately 23,000.

Pointe-Noire
Pointe-Noire (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t.nwaʁ]; Kongo: Njinji, French: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo (behind the capital of Brazzaville), with a population of 1,420,612 inhabitants in 2023. It is also an autonomous department and a commune since the 2002 constitution; before this date it was the capital of the Kouilou region (now a separate department). It is situated on a headland between Pointe-Noire Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Pointe-Noire is the main economic centre of the country.
Marcel Granet
Marcel Granet (French: [ɡʁanɛ]; 29 February 1884 – 25 November 1940) was a French sociologist, ethnologist and sinologist. As a follower of Émile Durkheim and Édouard Chavannes, Granet was one of the first to bring sociological methods to the study of China. Granet was revered in his own time as a sociological sinologist, or sinological sociologist, and member of the Durkheimian school of sociology.

Marcel Mauss
Marcel Israël Mauss (French: [mos]; 10 May 1872 – 10 February 1950) was a French sociologist and anthropologist known as the "father of French ethnology". The nephew of Émile Durkheim, Mauss, in his academic work, crossed the boundaries between sociology and anthropology. Today, he is perhaps better recognised for his influence on the latter discipline, particularly with respect to his analyses of topics such as magic, sacrifice and gift exchange in different cultures around the world. Mauss had a significant influence upon Claude Lévi-Strauss, the founder of structural anthropology. His most famous work is The Gift (1925).
Duke Franz Joseph in Bavaria
Duke Franz Joseph in Bavaria, full German name: Franz Joseph Michael Karl Maria Evaristus Quirinus Ottokar Herzog in Bayern (23 March 1888, Schloss Tegernsee, Kingdom of Bavaria – 23 September 1912, Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a Duke in Bavaria and member of the House of Wittelsbach. Franz Joseph was the fifth and youngest child of Duke Karl Theodor in Bavaria and his wife Infanta Maria José of Portugal. Franz Joseph was the brother of Duke Ludwig Wilhelm in Bavaria and sisters Duchess Amalie in Bavaria, Duchess Sophie Adelheid in Bavaria, Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria and Duchess Marie Gabrielle in Bavaria.

Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal
Infanta Maria José of Portugal (Maria José Joana Eulália Leopoldina Adelaide Isabel Carolina Micaela Rafaela Gabriela Francisca de Assis e de Paula Inês Sofia Joaquina Teresa Benedita Bernardina; 19 March 1857 – 11 March 1943), sometimes known in English as Maria Josepha, was a Portuguese infanta, later Duchess in Bavaria by marriage. She was the maternal grandmother of King Leopold III of Belgium and Queen Marie-José of Italy.
Campoli del Monte Taburno
Campoli del Monte Taburno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 45 km northeast of Naples and about 11 km west of Benevento.

Campoli del Monte Taburno borders the following municipalities: Apollosa, Castelpoto, Cautano, Montesarchio, Tocco Caudio, Vitulano.

Castelpoto
Castelpoto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 50 km northeast of Naples and about 7 km west of Benevento.

Castelpoto borders the following municipalities: Apollosa, Benevento, Campoli del Monte Taburno, Foglianise, Vitulano.
Laguna, New Mexico
Laguna is a census-designated place (CDP) on the Laguna Pueblo in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,241 at the 2010 census. It is located approximately 47 miles west of Albuquerque.

Laguna was founded in 1699, making it the most recent of the New Mexican pueblos. The people of Laguna Pueblo speak Western Keresan. Laguna is home to an annual feast to Saint Joseph.

Keres language
Keres (/ˈkeɪreɪs/), also Keresan (/ˈkɛrəsən/), is a Native American language, spoken by the Keres Pueblo people in New Mexico. Depending on the analysis, Keres is considered a small language family or a language isolate with several dialects. If it is considered a language isolate, it would be the most widely spoken language isolate within the borders of the United States. The varieties of each of the seven Keres pueblos are mutually intelligible with its closest neighbors. There are significant differences between the Western and Eastern groups, which are sometimes counted as separate languages.
The Frescoes of Piero della Francesca
The Frescoes of Piero della Francesca (Les Fresques de Piero della Francesca), H. 352, is an orchestral work by Bohuslav Martinů.

It pays homage to the cycle of frescoes The History of the True Cross by Piero della Francesca, which Bohuslav Martinů had admired at Arezzo in 1954.  He was inspired particularly by The Meeting of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba and by Constantine's Dream.

Martinů composed the work in Nice in 1955, and it was first performed in Salzburg by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Rafael Kubelik on 26 August 1956.  The work is dedicated to Kubelik.

Piero della Francesca
Piero della Francesca (/ˌpjɛəroʊ ˌdɛlə frænˈtʃɛskə/ PYAIR-oh DEL-ə fran-CHESK-ə, US also /- frɑːnˈ-/ -⁠ frahn-; Italian: [ˈpjɛːro della franˈtʃeska] ⓘ; né Piero di Benedetto de' Franceschi; c. 1415 – 12 October 1492) was an Italian painter, mathematician and geometer of the Early Renaissance, nowadays chiefly appreciated for his art. His painting is characterized by its serene humanism, its use of geometric forms and perspective. His most famous work is the cycle of frescoes The History of the True Cross in the Basilica of San Francesco in the Tuscan town of Arezzo.
Isobutylidenediurea
Isobutylidenediurea (abbreviated IBDU) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH{NHC(O)NH2}2.  It is a derivative of urea (OC(NH2)2), which itself is highly soluble in water, but IBDU is not.  It functions as a controlled-release fertiliser owing to its low solubility, which limits the rate of its hydrolysis to urea, which is a fast-acting fertiliser.

It is produced by the condensation reaction of isobutyraldehyde and two equivalents of urea:

(CH3)2CHCHO  +  2 OC(NH2)2   →    (CH3)2CHCH{NHC(O)NH2}2  +  H2O

The controlled-release process is the reverse of the above reaction, which only occurs after the IBDU dissolves.

Controlled-release fertiliser
A controlled-release fertiliser (CRF) is a granulated fertiliser that releases nutrients gradually into the soil (i.e., with a controlled release period). Controlled-release fertilizer is also known as controlled-availability fertilizer, delayed-release fertilizer, metered-release fertilizer, or slow-acting fertilizer. Usually CRF refers to nitrogen-based fertilizers.  Slow- and controlled-release involve only 0.15% (562,000 tons) of the fertilizer market (1995).
Halifax Public Gardens
The Halifax Public Gardens are Victorian-era public gardens formally established in 1867, the year of Canadian Confederation. The gardens are located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the Halifax Peninsula near the popular shopping district of Spring Garden Road and opposite Victoria Park. The gardens were designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1984.

Victoria Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia
Victoria Park is an urban park on Spring Garden Road in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, across from the Halifax Public Gardens.

The North British Society erected various monuments and statues: Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott and William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling.

At the south end of the park Sidney Culverwell Oland created a fountain in memory of his wife Linda Oland (1966).
Tysons station
Tysons station is a rapid transit station on the Silver Line of the Washington Metro in Tysons, Virginia. One of four Metro stations in Tysons, it is one of the five stations comprising the first phase of the Silver Line. It opened as Tysons Corner on July 26, 2014.

Tysons, Virginia
Tysons, also known as Tysons Corner, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, spanning from the corner of SR 123  (Chain Bridge Road) and SR 7 (Leesburg Pike). It is part of the Washington metropolitan area and located in Northern Virginia between McLean and Vienna along I-495.

Tysons is home to two super-regional shopping malls, Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria, and the corporate and administrative headquarters of Alarm.com, Appian, Booz Allen Hamilton, Capital One, Freddie Mac, Hilton Worldwide, ID.me, Intelsat, M.C. Dean, Inc., MicroStrategy, and Tegna Inc.

As an unincorporated community, Tysons is Fairfax County's central business district and a regional commercial center. It has been called a quintessential example of an edge city. The population was 26,374 as of the 2020 census.
Towards Paradise (Widmann)
Towards Paradise (Labyrinth VI) is a trumpet concerto by German composer Jörg Widmann. It was composed in 2021 and premiered on 23 September 2021 by soloist Håkan Hardenberger and the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig conducted by Andris Nelsons at Gewandhaus.

Trumpet concerto
A trumpet concerto is a concerto for solo trumpet and instrumental ensemble, customarily the orchestra. Such works have been written from the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up through the present day. Although comparatively rare compared to concertos for other instruments, some major composers have contributed to the trumpet concerto repertoire, such as Joseph Haydn in his Trumpet Concerto in E-flat.

Traditionally a three-movement work, the modern-day trumpet concerto has occasionally been structured in four or more movements. In some trumpet concertos, especially from the Baroque and modern eras, the trumpet is accompanied by a chamber ensemble rather than an orchestra.
Otolithic membrane
The otolithic membrane is a fibrous structure located in the vestibular system of the inner ear. It plays a critical role in the brain's interpretation of equilibrium. The membrane serves to determine if the body or the head is tilted, in addition to the linear acceleration of the body. The linear acceleration could be in the horizontal direction as in a moving car or vertical acceleration such as that felt when an elevator moves up or down.

Utricle (ear)
The utricle and saccule are the two otolith organs in the vertebrate inner ear. The word utricle comes from Latin  uter 'leather bag'. The utricle and saccule are part of the balancing system (membranous labyrinth) in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (small oval chamber). They use small stones and a viscous fluid to stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation. The utricle detects linear accelerations and head-tilts in the horizontal plane.
Bundled payment
Bundled payment is the reimbursement of health care providers (such as hospitals and physicians) "on the basis of expected costs for clinically-defined episodes of care." It has been described as "a middle ground" between fee-for-service reimbursement (in which providers are paid for each service rendered to a patient) and capitation (in which providers are paid a "lump sum" per patient regardless of how many services the patient receives), given that risk is shared between payer and provider. Bundled payments have been proposed in the health care reform debate in the United States as a strategy for reducing health care costs, especially during the Obama administration (2009–2016). Commercial payers have shown interest in bundled payments in order to reduce costs. In 2012, it was estimated that approximately one-third of the United States healthcare reimbursement used bundled methodology.

Healthcare reform debate in the United States
The healthcare reform debate in the United States has been a political issue focusing upon increasing medical coverage, decreasing costs, insurance reform, and the philosophy of its provision, funding, and government involvement.
Skjern Municipality
Skjern Municipality is a former municipality (Danish, kommune) in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality in Region Midtjylland near the west coast of the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark.  The former Skjern municipality covered an area of 327 km2, and had a total population of 13,107 (2005).
The city has a population of 7,563 inhabitants.

The main town was Skjern.

Skjern municipality was created in 1970 due to a kommunalreform ("Municipality Reform") that combined the following, existing parishes:

Bølling Parish

Dejbjerg Parish

Faster Parish

Fjelstervang Parish

Hanning Parish

Skjern Parish

Stavning Parish

Sædding Parish

Sønder Borris Parish

On 1 January 2007 Skjern Municipality ceased to exist due to Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with existing Egvad, Holmsland,  Ringkøbing, and Videbæk municipalities to form the new Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 1,485 km2 and a total population of 57,818 (2005).

Videbæk
Videbæk is a town, with a population of 4,351 (1 January 2025), located in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality, Region Midtjylland, at the road between Ringkøbing and Herning. It was the municipal seat of the former Videbæk Municipality.

Videbæk is known for Per Arnoldi's large corten steel sculpture in the shape of a V, known as "The V", which is found at a roundabout at the entrance to the town.  The sculpture was dedicated on 15 August 1996.
Weyl semimetal
Weyl semimetals are semimetals or metals whose quasiparticle excitation is the Weyl fermion, a particle that played a crucial role in quantum field theory but has not been observed as a fundamental particle in vacuum.
In these materials, electrons have a linear dispersion relation, making them a solid-state analogue of relativistic massless particles.

Fermi arc
In the field of unconventional superconductivity, a Fermi arc  is a phenomenon visible in the pseudogap state of a superconductor. Seen in momentum space, part of the space exhibits a gap in the density of states, like in a superconductor. This starts at the antinodal points, and spreads through momentum space when lowering the temperature until everywhere is gapped and the sample is superconducting. The area in momentum space that remains ungapped is called the Fermi arc.

Fermi arcs also appear in some materials with topological properties such as Weyl semimetals where they represent a surface projection of a two dimensional Fermi contour and are terminated onto the projections of the Weyl fermion nodes on the surface.