hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calibrated geometry
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, a calibrated manifold is a Riemannian manifold (M,g) of dimension n equipped with a differential p-form φ (for some 0 ≤ p ≤ n) which is a calibration, meaning that:

φ is closed, that is, dφ = 0, where d is the exterior derivative.

φ has operator norm at most 1.  That is, for any x ∈ M and any p-vector , we have φ(ξ) ≤ vol(ξ), with volume defined with respect to the Riemannian metric g.

A main reason for defining a calibration is that it creates a distinguished set of "directions" (i.e. p-planes) in which φ is actually equal to the volume form, that is, the inequality above is an equality.  For x in M, set Gx(φ) to be the subset of such planes in the Grassmannian of p-planes in TxM.  In cases of interest, Gx(φ) is always nonempty. Let G(φ) be the union of Gx(φ) for all , viewed as a subspace of the bundle of p-planes in TM.

Spin(7)-manifold
In mathematics, a Spin(7)-manifold is an eight-dimensional Riemannian manifold whose holonomy group is contained in Spin(7). Spin(7)-manifolds are Ricci-flat and admit a parallel spinor.  They also admit a parallel 4-form, known as the Cayley form, which is a calibrating form for a special class of submanifolds called Cayley cycles.  In fact, the Riemannian metric and the Cayley form determine each other.
MeCard (QR code)
MeCard is a data file similar to vCard but used by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in QR code format for use with Cellular Phones.

It is largely compatible with most QR-readers for smartphones. It is an easy way to share a contact with the most used fields. Usually, devices can recognize it and treat it like a contact ready to import.

MeCard is based in UTF-8 (which is ASCII compatible); the fields are separated with one semicolon (;), and the tags are  separated with a colon (:). Compared to vCard, it needs very few chars due to the size limitation of QR Codes.

VCard
vCard, also known as VCF ("Virtual Contact File"), is a file format standard for electronic business cards. vCards can be attached to e-mail messages, sent via Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), on the World Wide Web, instant messaging, NFC or through QR code. They can contain name and address information, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, URLs, logos, photographs, and audio clips.

vCard is used as a data interchange format in smartphone contacts, personal digital assistants (PDAs), personal information managers (PIMs) and customer relationship management systems (CRMs). To accomplish these data interchange applications, other "vCard variants" have been used and proposed as "variant standards", each for its specific niche: XML representation, JSON representation, or web pages.
Richard McKeon
Richard McKeon (/məˈkiːən/; April 26, 1900 – March 31, 1985) was an American philosopher and longtime professor at the University of Chicago. His ideas formed the basis for the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Bofors 283 mm M/12 naval gun
The Bofors 283 mm M/12 naval gun was a naval rifle of 283 millimetres (11.1 in) and 45 calibers used as the main battery of the Swedish Sverige-class coastal defence ships. It was designed and built by Bofors a few years before the First World War.

Bofors
AB Bofors (UK: /ˈboʊfərz/ BOH-fərz, US: /ˈboʊfɔːrz/ BOH-forz, Swedish: [buːˈfɔʂː]) is a former Swedish arms manufacturer which today is part of the British arms manufacturer BAE Systems. The name has been associated with the iron industry and artillery manufacturing for more than 350 years.
AT&T SportsNet Rocky Mountain
AT&T SportsNet Rocky Mountain was an American regional sports network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery through its TNT Sports unit as part of the AT&T SportsNet brand of networks. Headquartered in Denver, Colorado, the network broadcast regional coverage of sports events throughout the Rocky Mountain region, mainly focusing on professional sports teams based in the Denver metropolitan area, Utah and Nevada.

SportsNet Rocky Mountain was available on cable providers throughout Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, Montana, Central & Eastern Idaho, northern New Mexico, western Kansas, western Nebraska, western South Dakota, parts of California, including all of San Bernardino County and Mohave County, Arizona; it was also available nationwide on satellite via DirecTV.

Altitude Sports and Entertainment
Altitude Sports and Entertainment (usually referred to as simply Altitude or Altitude TV) is an American regional sports cable and satellite television channel owned by Stan Kroenke's Kroenke Sports & Entertainment. The channel, which serves the Rocky Mountain region of the United States (specifically the Denver metropolitan area), features a mix of professional, collegiate, and high school sporting events as well as some entertainment-based programming.

Launched on September 4, 2004, Altitude is headquartered in the Denver suburb of Centennial, Colorado. Altitude also operates Altitude 2, a secondary overflow channel that is used in the event of scheduling conflicts with games simultaneously set to air on the main Altitude channel.
Juan Camarillo Jr.
Juan E. Camarillo Jr. (April 10, 1867 – August 21, 1936) was a wealthy Californio landowner and philanthropist in Ventura County, California, United States.  Juan and his elder brother Adolfo Camarillo lived in Casa Camarillo, and were involved in the mercantile business.  Camarillo and his brother owned Rancho Calleguas upon the death of their father.

Rancho Calleguas
Rancho Calleguas was a 9,998-acre (40.46 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Ventura County, California given in 1837 by Governor Juan Alvarado to José Pedro Ruiz.

The grant was south of Rancho Las Posas, east of Rancho El Rio de Santa Clara o la Colonia, north of the Rancho Guadalasca, and west of Rancho El Conejo. It encompassed the Santa Rosa Valley  and present-day Camarillo.
Thathanabaing
Thathanabaing (Burmese: သာသနာပိုင်, ALA-LC: Sāsanāpuiṅ‘, lit. 'Keeper of Religion'), is the Burmese term for a head of a religious order. The title was historically used for the Supreme Patriarch of Buddhist Clergy (Burmese: မဟာသံဃရာဇာ, Pali: Mahāsaṃgharājā) in Burma until 1938. It is still used in Myanmar as the title for the heads of sects (Burmese: ဂဏာဓိပတိ, Pali: Gaṇādhipati) in Theravāda Buddhism, and the episcopal ordinaries (archbishops and bishops) in Anglican Christianity and Catholic Christianity, as well as for the Supreme Patriarch (Pali: Saṅgharāja) of Buddhism from other countries.

State Samgha Maha Nayaka Committee
The State Saṃgha Mahā Nāyaka Committee (Burmese: နိုင်ငံတော်သံဃမဟာနာယကအဖွဲ့, ALA-LC: Nuiṅ‘ṅaṃto‘ Saṃgha Mahā Nāyaka Aphvai', abbreviated Mahana or မဟန in Burmese, SSMNC in English) is a government-appointed body of high-ranking Buddhist monks that oversees and regulates the Saṃgha (Buddhist clergy) in Burma (Myanmar).
Tzeanania
Tzeanania is a monotypic genus of fungi established in 2018. It is the only genus in the family Tzeananiaceae and contains the single species Tzeanania taiwanensis. The species is a parasite which grows on fruiting bodies of the fungus Ophiocordyceps macroacicularis, which is itself a parasite of moth larvae.  So far it is only known from one collection which was made in Taiwan.

Within the order Pleosporales, it is quite like the common soil genus Phoma, which has asexual spores produced in similar conidia with a glassy appearance, and forming inside structures called pycnidia. However the results of DNA analysis were considered to justify the definition of a new family for this species.

The genus was named for the Taiwanese mycologist Shean-Shong Tzean.

Pleosporales
The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate, it contained 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Stagonospora nodorum) causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker (called blackleg) on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung, and a small number occur as lichens  and rock-inhabiting fungi.
Sirdal
Sirdal is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the northwestern part of the traditional district of Lister. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tonstad. Other villages in Sirdal include Bjørnestad, Haughom, Kvæven, Lunde, and Tjørhom.

The 1,554-square-kilometre (600 sq mi) municipality is the 52nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sirdal is the 290th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,837. The municipality's population density is 1.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.4/sq mi) and its population has inmcreased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period.

Tonstad
Tonstad is the administrative centre of the municipality of Sirdal in Agder county, Norway. The village is located at the northern end of the lake Sirdalsvatnet in the Sirdalen valley. The 1.14-square-kilometre (280-acre) village has a population (2015) of 874, giving the village a population density of 767 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,990/sq mi).

Tonstad Hydroelectric Power Station and the Tonstad ski center are both located in and around this village. The Tonstad Church is also located in the village.

The village of Tonstad was the administrative center of the old municipality of Tonstad from 1905 until its dissolution in 1960. In 1960, it became the part of Sirdal, and it continued to be the administrative center of that new municipality.
Camanchaca
Camanchacas are marine stratocumulus cloud banks that form on the Chilean coast, proximal to the Earth's driest desert, the Atacama Desert, and move inland. In Peru, a similar fog is called garúa, and in Angola cacimbo. On the side of the mountains where these cloud banks form, the camanchaca is a dense fog that does not produce rain. The moisture that makes up the cloud measure between 1 and 40 microns across, too fine to form rain droplets.

Fog
Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals held in the air  near the Earth's surface. Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog affects many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare.

Fog appears when water vapor (water in its gaseous form) condenses. During condensation, molecules of water vapor combine to make tiny water droplets that hang in the air. Sea fog, which shows up near bodies of saline water, is formed as water vapor condenses on bits of salt. Fog is similar to, but less transparent than, mist.
Thursday
Thursday is the day of the week between Wednesday and Friday. According to the ISO 8601 international standard, it is the fourth day of the week. In countries which adopt the "Sunday-first" convention, it is the fifth day of the week.

Brihaspati
Brihaspati (Sanskrit: बृहस्पति, IAST: Bṛhaspati) is a Hindu god. In the ancient Vedic scriptures, Brihaspati is associated with fire, and the word also refers to a god who counsels the devas and devis (gods and goddesses). In some later texts, the word refers to the largest planet of the Solar System, Jupiter, and the deity is associated with the planet as a Navagraha.
Durlobactam
Durlobactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor used in combination with sulbactam to treat susceptible strains of bacteria in the genus Acinetobacter It is an analog of avibactam.

The combination therapy sulbactam/durlobactam was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2023.

Β-Lactamase inhibitor
Beta-lactamases are a family of enzymes involved in bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. In bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, the bacteria have beta-lactamase which degrade the beta-lactam rings, rendering the antibiotic ineffective. However, with beta-lactamase inhibitors, these enzymes on the bacteria are inhibited, thus allowing the antibiotic to take effect. Strategies for combating this form of resistance have included the development of new beta-lactam antibiotics that are more resistant to cleavage and the development of the class of enzyme inhibitors called beta-lactamase inhibitors. Although β-lactamase inhibitors have little antibiotic activity of their own, they prevent bacterial degradation of beta-lactam antibiotics and thus extend the range of bacteria the drugs are effective against.
Meduno
Meduno (Friulian: Midun) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Pordenone. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,737 and an area of 31.2 square kilometres (12.0 sq mi).

The municipality of Meduno contains the frazione (borough) of Navarons.

Meduno borders the following municipalities: Cavasso Nuovo, Frisanco, Sequals, Tramonti di Sopra, Tramonti di Sotto, Travesio.

The Italian-American sculptor Luigi Del Bianco, the chief carver of Mount Rushmore, spent his youth in Meduno.

Sequals
Sequals (Friulian: Secuals) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Pordenone.

Sequals borders the following municipalities: Arba, Cavasso Nuovo, Meduno, Pinzano al Tagliamento, Spilimbergo, Travesio.
Volvo Trucks
Volvo Trucks (Swedish: Volvo Lastvagnar, pronounced [ˈvɔlːvʊ ˈlastˌvɑŋːnar])  is a truck manufacturing division of Volvo based in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Volvo Trucks was a separate company within Volvo. The Volvo Group was reorganised on 1 January 2012 and as a part of the process, Volvo Trucks ceased to be a separate company and was instead incorporated into Volvo Group Trucks along Volvo's other truck operations, as Renault Trucks and Mack Trucks.

The first Volvo truck rolled off the production lines in 1928, and in 2016 Volvo Trucks employed more than 52,000 people around the world. With global headquarters in Gothenburg, Sweden, Volvo manufactures and assembles its trucks in eight wholly owned assembly plants and nine factories owned by local interests. Volvo Trucks produces and sells over 190,000 units annually.

Volvo FH
The Volvo FH is a heavy truck range manufactured by the Swedish company Volvo Trucks. It was originally introduced in late 1993 as the FH12 and FH16. FH stands for Forward control High entry, where numbers denominate engine capacity in litres. The FH range is one of the most successful truck series ever having sold more than 400,000 units worldwide.

In September 2012, Volvo Trucks re-launched the Volvo FH with significant technology upgrades.
North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.

Ottosdal
Ottosdal is a small town situated at an altitude of 1,479 meters (4,855 feet) on the branch railway line from Makwassie in the central North West Province of South Africa. Ottosdal is a farming community engaged in the growing of grains such as maize (mielies), sunflower and peanuts. In addition, local farmers raise cattle, sheep, pigs, dairy cows and chicken. A major pyrophyllite mine lies near it on the farm Gestoptefontein. This town originated from the establishment of a Dutch Reformed Church parish in 1913. To this was added a church building on Korannafontein, the farm of Gerhardus Petrus Otto. The town is known as the birthplace of "Die Baas", who was born there in 1952. Ottosdal grew around the church and was officially registered in 1917 and named after G. P. Otto (de Jager 1997).
Tony Cline
Anthony Francis Cline (July 25, 1948 – July 23, 2018) was an American professional football defensive end who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Oakland Raiders from 1970 to 1975 and the San Francisco 49ers from 1976 to 1977. He played college football at the University of Miami.  Some researchers claim that he holds the American Football Conference (AFC) rookie sack record with 17½ in 1970, but the NFL has only recognized a sack as an official statistic since 1982, so Cline's record is not officially recognized.  His son, Tony Cline Jr., also played in the NFL. His son-in-law, Jason Kapono played 8 seasons in the NBA.

Jason Kapono
Jason Alan Kapono (born February 2, 1981) is an American former professional basketball player. He was the first National Basketball Association (NBA) player to lead the league in three-point field goal percentage in two consecutive seasons, and also won the Three-Point Contest twice (2007, 2008). He won an NBA championship with the Miami Heat in 2006.

Kapono played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins. He was the first player in the school's history to earn first-team All-Pac-10 honors for four years and was also the first UCLA player to lead the team in scoring four straight years. Kapono began his NBA career with the Cleveland Cavaliers, who drafted him in the second round of the 2003 NBA draft. He later played in the NBA for the Charlotte Bobcats, Miami, Toronto Raptors, Philadelphia 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers before joining Panathinaikos B.C. in Greece.
Hunghom Bay Centre
Hunghom Bay Centre (Chinese: 紅磡灣中心) is a private housing estate in Baker Street, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, near Whampoa Garden. It consists of 11 residential towers with a total of 814 residential units, which were developed by Hutchison Whampoa and completed in 1978. It approached Hung Hom Bay and old Hung Hom Ferry Pier until Hung Hom Bay was reclaimed in 1990s.

Hunghom Bay Centre received an Honorable Mention at the 1980 Hong Kong Institute of Architects Annual Awards.

Hung Hom Ferry Pier
Hung Hom Ferry Pier (Chinese: 紅磡碼頭) is a ferry pier in Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is located on the reclaimed land of Hung Hom Bay. Currently, two ferry companies operate routes to Central Piers and North Point Ferry Pier.
Isohyaenodon
Isohyaenodon ("equal to Hyaenodon") is an extinct polyphyletic genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal from the subfamily Hyainailourinae). Remains are known from early to middle Miocene deposits in Kenya, East Africa.

Hyainailouridae
Hyainailouridae ("hyena-like cats") is a paraphyletic family of extinct predatory mammals within the polyphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil records show hyainailourids arose during the Middle Eocene, although Early Eocene origin is suspected, the family persisted into the Late Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Eurasia, Africa, and North America.
Sumter County, Florida
Sumter County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,752, and was estimated to be 154,693 in 2024. Its county seat is Bushnell, and the largest city is Wildwood.  The Villages is located in Sumter County.

It has the oldest median age (68.1 years) of any US county in the 2022 estimate.

Sumter County coincides with The Villages, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL Combined Statistical Area.

Greater Orlando
The Orlando metropolitan area (officially, for U.S. census purposes, the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida metropolitan statistical area, MSA) is an inland metropolitan area in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. Its principal cities are Orlando, Kissimmee, and Sanford. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines it as consisting of the counties of Lake, Orange (including Orlando), Osceola, and Seminole.

According to the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Greater Orlando is 2,673,376, an increase of nearly 540,000 new residents between 2010 and 2020.

By population, it is the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida, the seventh-largest in the Southeastern United States, and the 22nd-largest in the United States. The MSA encompasses 4,012 square miles (10,400 km2) of total area (both land and water areas).
Richard Fidler
Richard Fidler is an Australian radio presenter and writer. He hosts an hour-long interview program, Conversations on ABC Local Radio and was a member of the Australian comedy group the Doug Anthony All Stars. Conversations  consists of in-depth interviews with local and international guests from all walks of life.

Kári Gíslason
Kári Gíslason is an Icelandic-Australian writer and academic. He is a Professor in the School of Creative Arts at the Queensland University of Technology. Much of Gíslason's writing focuses on Icelandic sagas and Iceland in general, but he has also published other travel and culture-focused writing.
G1 Therapeutics
G1 Therapeutics, Inc. is an American biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The company specializes in developing and commercializing small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of patients with cancer.

Palbociclib
Palbociclib, sold under the brand name Ibrance among others, is a medication developed by Pfizer for the treatment of HR-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer. It is a selective inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. Palbociclib was the first CDK4/6 inhibitor to be approved as a cancer therapy.
Dumbarton Castle
Dumbarton Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatainn, pronounced [t̪unˈpɾʲɛʰt̪ɪɲ]; Welsh: Alt Clut) has the longest recorded history of any stronghold in Scotland. It sits on a volcanic plug of basalt known as Dumbarton Rock which is 240 feet (73 m) high and overlooks the Scottish town of Dumbarton.

Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox
Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox, 6th Seigneur d'Aubigny (c. 1542 – 26 May 1583) of the Château d'Aubigny at Aubigny-sur-Nère in the ancient province of Berry, France, was a Catholic French nobleman of Scottish ancestry who, on his move to Scotland at the age of 37, became a favourite of the 13-year-old King James VI of Scotland (who was later also King James I of England). Esmé Stewart was the first cousin of James' father, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley (son and heir apparent of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox). Despite his conversion to Calvinism he was never trusted by the Scots and returned to France where he ended his days. Sir James Melville described him as "of nature upright, just and gentle". He was the first to popularise the first name Esmé (spelt also Edme, etc.) in the British Isles.