hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treaty of Pavia (1329)
The Treaty of Pavia  which divided the House of Wittelsbach into two branches, was signed in Pavia in 1329.

Under the accord, Emperor Louis IV granted during his stay in Italy the Electorate of the Palatinate (including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate) to his older brother Duke Rudolph's descendants, Rudolph II, Rupert I and Rupert II. Louis himself kept Upper Bavaria (Oberbayern) and inherited also Lower Bavaria in 1340. Rudolph I this way became the ancestor of the older (Palatinate) line of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which returned to power also in Bavaria in 1777 after the extinction of the younger (Bavarian) line, the descendants of Louis IV. It had been agreed with the Treaty of Pavia that with the extinction of one of the branches, the other branch would inherit their possessions. According to the treaty, the electoral rights should alternate but with the Golden Bull of 1356 only the Palatinate line was invested with the electoral dignity.

House of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach (German: Haus Wittelsbach) is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover.
Paul Rudolph (musician)
Paul Fraser Rudolph (born June 14, 1947 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian guitarist, bassist, singer, and cyclist. He made his mark in the UK underground music scene, and then as a session musician, before returning to Canada to indulge his passion for cycling. He resided in Gibsons, British Columbia, where he owned and operated a bicycle business, Spin Cycle. He has since retired to Victoria, British Columbia.

Twink (musician)
John Charles Edward Alder (born 29 November 1944), also known as Twink, is an English drummer, actor, singer, and songwriter who was a central figure in the English psychedelic and proto-punk movement. He was a member of the Pretty Things from 1967 to 1969, and an occasional member of Pink Fairies, plus several other bands.

In 2006, Alder converted to Islam, and changed his name to Mohammed Abdullah. However, he still records under the name Twink.
50 United Nations Plaza
50 United Nations Plaza is a residential condominium building in Manhattan, New York City. The 44-story tower, designed by Norman Foster's architectural firm Foster and Partners, is the first residential high-rise building in the United States designed by Foster. It is variously described as having 87 or 88 apartments.

Foster and Partners
Foster and Partners (styled as Foster + Partners) is a British international architecture firm with its headquarters in London, England. It was founded in 1967 by British architect and designer Norman Foster. The firm has been involved in the design of major projects around the world, including the Gherkin in London, the Hearst Tower in New York City, the 1990s renovation of the Reichstag in Berlin, the Millau Viaduct in France and Hong Kong International Airport.

In addition to architectural design, the firm's practice encompasses engineering and industrial design. As of 2021, the firm had approximately 1,500 employees, located in offices in multiple cities, including New York City, Hong Kong, and Madrid. The firm has won the Pritzker Architecture Prize and the Stirling Prize. By 2024, Foster + Partner earned more than half a billion dollars in fees.
British Aircraft Corporation
The British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) was a British aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation Ltd., Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft), the Bristol Aeroplane Company and Hunting Aircraft in 1960. Bristol, English Electric and Vickers became "parents" of BAC with shareholdings of 20%, 40% and 40% respectively. BAC in turn acquired the share capital of their aviation interests and 70% of Hunting Aircraft several months later.

Bristol Siddeley
Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd (BSEL) was a British aero engine manufacturer. The company was formed in 1959 by a merger of Bristol Aero-Engines Limited and Armstrong Siddeley Motors Limited. In 1961 the company was expanded by the purchase of the de Havilland Engine Company and the engine division of Blackburn Aircraft. Bristol Siddeley was purchased by Rolls-Royce Limited in 1966.
The Prisoner's Dilemma (play)
The Prisoner's Dilemma is a theatrical drama written by David Edgar. It refers to the game theory problem of the same name and portrays its outworking in an Eastern European, post-Cold War setting. The play premiered in The Other Place Theatre by the Royal Shakespeare Company in July 2001 and forms part of a trilogy with The Shape of the Table and Pentecost.

Cast for the premiere included: Trevor Cooper (as Nikolai/Kolya),
Larry Lamb (as Tom),
Joseph Mydell (as Patterson),
Robert Jezek (as Hasim),
Alan David (as Erik),
Zoe Waites (as Kelima),
Penny Downie (as Gina),
Diana Kent (as Floss),
David Wilmot (as James),
Douglas Rao (as Al),
Robert Bowman (as Roman) and was directed by Michael Attenborough, with design by Es Devlin

Pentecost (play)
Pentecost is a 1994 play by the British playwright David Edgar. It is named after the Christian festival of Pentecost. It is set during the early 1990s and concerns the discovery of a mural in a small church. It is part of a trilogy of plays on the theme of negotiation set in Eastern Europe in the aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall: the other two plays are The Shape of the Table (1990) and The Prisoner's Dilemma (2001).

The play was premiered on 12 October 1994 at the Other Place by the Royal Shakespeare Company, in a production directed by Michael Attenborough. This production transferred to the Young Vic on 31 May 1995, where it won that year's Evening Standard Award for Best Play. It has been revived in London in 2012 and 2014, New York in 2014 and at Stratford, Ontario in 2007.
Dennis Trident 2
The Dennis Trident 2 (the 2 standing for 2-axle) is a 2-axle low-floor double-decker bus chassis originally manufactured by Dennis, which was unveiled in 1997 and replaced the Dennis Arrow. It was built by TransBus after Dennis was incorporated into the group in 2001, then from 2004, it was built by Alexander Dennis following the collapse of TransBus.

Low-floor bus
A low-floor bus is a bus or trolleybus that has no steps between the ground and the floor of the bus at one or more entrances, and low floor for part or all of the passenger cabin. A bus with a partial low floor may also be referred to as a low-entry bus or seldom a flat-floor bus in some locations.

Low floor refers to a bus deck that is accessible from the sidewalk with only a single step with a small height difference, caused solely by the difference between the bus deck and sidewalk. This is distinct from high-floor, a bus deck design that requires climbing one or more steps (now known as step entrance) to access the interior floor that is placed at a higher height.  Being low-floor improves the accessibility of the bus for the public, particularly the elderly and people with disabilities, including those using wheelchairs and walkers. Almost all are rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout.
Contagious reticulum cell sarcoma
Contagious reticulum cell sarcoma is a reticulum-cell sarcoma found in Syrian hamsters that can be transmitted from one hamster to another. It was first described in 1945.

Transmission from hamster to hamster can be through various mechanisms. It has been seen to spread within a laboratory population, presumably through gnawing at tumours and cannibalism. It can also be spread by means of the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

It is one of only three known transmissible cancers in mammals; the others are two independant strains of devil facial tumor disease, a cancer which occurs in Tasmanian devils, and canine transmissible venereal tumor in dogs and other canines. Unlike these other three, tumours with multiple, independent origins have been observed in laboratory populations of hamsters.

Clonally transmissible cancer
A transmissible cancer is a cancer cell or cluster of cancer cells that can be transferred between individuals without the involvement of an infectious agent such as an oncovirus. The evolution of transmissible cancer has occurred naturally in other animal species, but human cancer transmission is rare. This transfer is typically between members of the same species or closely related species.
Azovè
Azovè is an arrondissement in the Kouffo department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Aplahoué. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 22,853.

Azovè, like many areas of Benin, is home to a constituent monarchy.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
1976 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race
The Senior men's race at the 1976 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Chepstow, Wales, at the Chepstow Racecourse on 28 February 1976. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.

1976 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 1976 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Chepstow, Wales, at the Chepstow Racecourse on 28 February 1976.   A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results for men, junior men,  women, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cibola County, New Mexico
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cibola County, New Mexico.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 19 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 4 National Historic Landmarks. All of the places within the county listed on the National Register, with the exception of Acoma, Hawikuh, and San Estevan Del Rey Mission Church, are also recorded on the State Register of Cultural Properties.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 9, 2026.

Hawikuh Ruins
Hawikuh (also spelled Hawikku, meaning "gum leaves" in Zuni), was one of the largest of the Zuni pueblos at the time of the Spanish entrada. It was founded around 1400 AD. It was the first pueblo to be visited and conquered by Spanish explorers. The Spanish chroniclers referred to it as Cevola, Tzibola, or Cibola.

The pueblo site is located 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Zuni Pueblo, on the Zuni Indian Reservation in Cibola County, New Mexico. In 1960 the site was designated as a National Historic Landmark known as the Hawikuh Ruins. It is included as a contributing part of the Zuni-Cibola Complex of archaeological sites, a larger National Historic Landmark District designated by the United States Department of Interior in 1974.
Laclede Station Ruin
The Laclede Station Ruin is a former way station on the Overland Trail in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, between the Big Pond Station and the Dug Springs Station. Constructed in the 1860s, the station was built of stone slabs. The ruins of some of its walls remain. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1978. From the LaClede Station, was a trail heading southwest, the Pine Butte Cuttoff to Green River, Wyoming.

Overland Trail
The Overland Trail (also known as the Overland Stage Line) was a stagecoach and wagon trail in the American West during the 19th century.  While portions of the route had been used by explorers and trappers since the 1820s, the Overland Trail was most heavily used in the 1860s as a route alternative to the Oregon, California, and Mormon trails through central Wyoming.  The Overland Trail was famously used by the Overland Stage Company owned by Ben Holladay to run mail and passengers to Salt Lake City, Utah, via stagecoaches in the early 1860s. Starting from Atchison, Kansas, the trail descended into Colorado before looping back up to southern Wyoming and rejoining the Oregon Trail at Fort Bridger. The stage line operated until 1869 when the completion of the First transcontinental railroad eliminated the need for mail service via stagecoach.
Moretna Jiru
Moretna Jeru (Amharic ሞረትና ጅሩ "Moret and Jeru") is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. It is named in part after the historic district of Shewa, Moret, which lay between the Jamma River and the district of Shewa Meda. Part of the Semien Shewa Zone, Moretna Jeru is bordered on the south by Siyadebrina Wayu, on the south west by Ensaro, on the northwest by Merhabiete, on the northeast by Menz Keya Gebreal, and on the east by Basona Werana. The administrative center of this woreda is Enewari; other towns in Moretna Jeru include Jihur.

Menz Keya Gebreal
Menz Keya Gebreal (Amharic: መንዝ ቀያ  ጋሪኤል) is a district (woreda) in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone, Menz Keya Gebreal is bordered on the southeast by Menz Lalo Midir, on the southwest by the Jamma River which separated it from Moretna Jiru, on the west by Merhabiete, on the northwest by the Qechene River which separates it from the Debub Wollo Zone, and on the northeast by Menz Gera Midir. The administrative center of this woreda is Zemero. Menz Keya Gebreal was part of the former Gera Midirna Keya Gebriel woreda.
Speed skydiving
Speed skydiving is a skydiving discipline in which the goal is to achieve and maintain the highest possible terminal velocity. It was developed in the late 1990s and is the fastest non-motorized sport on Earth. The speed, achieved by the human body in free fall, is a function of several factors; including the body's mass, orientation, and skin area and texture. In stable, belly-to-earth position, terminal velocity is about 200 km/h (120 mph). Stable freefall head down position has a terminal speed of 240–290 km/h (around 150–180 mph). Further minimization of drag by streamlining the body allows for speeds over 500 km/h (310 mph).

Parachuting
Parachuting and skydiving are methods of descending from altitude  to the surface using the power of gravity, and a parachute.

The three phases of parachuting are freefall, parachute deployment and landing.
Skydiving takes place during the freefall phase where the parachute has not yet been deployed and the body accelerates to terminal velocity.
Crossfaith
Crossfaith (Japanese: クロスフェイス) is a Japanese metalcore band from Osaka that was formed in 2006, which currently consists of vocalist Kenta Koie, guitarist Kazuki Takemura, drummer Tatsuya Amano, and keyboardist Terufumi Tamano. They are characterized by performing a style of metalcore with dubstep and other forms of electronic music influences, and for their intense live performances.

Crossfaith released their first demo Blueprint of Reconstruction in 2008. The band later released their debut EP The Artificial Theory for the Dramatic Beauty, through Zestone Records in 2009, and debut full-length studio album The Dream, the Space in 2011 through Tragic Hero Records. Crossfaith then released their second EP Zion in September 2012; this acted as a promotional release to countries outside Japan.

Pulp Summer Slam
Pulp Summer Slam was an annual music festival in the Philippines. It was founded and produced by Pulp Live World Productions, Inc. The festival consisted of local and international rock and metal bands with the occasional line-up of hip hop, ska, reggae, pop rock, and other genres. The event was held during the summer in Manila, and every year around 30,000 fans showed up for the event.

Pulp Summer Slam held its 10th anniversary at the Amoranto Stadium featuring Lamb of God and Testament as headliners and 30 local and foreign bands on April 17, 2010.
Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Choreography
Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Choreography is an award, begun in 1984, presented annually at the Maharashtra State Film Awards of India to the choreographer for best performance in a Marathi cinema. The awardees are decided by a jury constituted every year. The first awarded to Manohar Naidu & Pramod Naidu for the film Navri Mile Navryala.

Maharashtra State Film Awards
Maharashtra State Film Awards, one of the prestigious awards of Marathi cinema, are awarded by the Government of Maharashtra to Marathi language films and artists. They were first awarded in 1963.

The Maharashtra State Film Awards are adjudicated by an independent jury jointly formed by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Maharashtra. The jury typically comprises eminent personalities from the film industry. A separate jury is constituted for the awards recognizing literature on cinema. Films are invited for consideration annually, and the jury evaluates the submissions to select the winners. The awards aim to promote artistic excellence in cinema and incentivize filmmakers, technicians, and producers. The Minister for Cultural Affairs announces the awardees, who are presented with the prizes by the Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
Zachlumia
Zachlumia or Zachumlia (Serbo-Croatian: Zahumlje / Захумље, pronounced [zǎxuːmʎe]), also Hum, was a medieval principality located in the modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia (today parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, respectively). In some periods it was a fully independent or semi-independent South Slavic principality. It maintained relations with various foreign and neighbouring powers (Byzantine Empire, First Bulgarian Empire, Kingdom of Croatia, Principality of Serbia) and later was subjected (temporarily or for a longer period) to Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Serbia, Kingdom of Bosnia, and at the end to the Ottoman Empire.

Kotromanić dynasty
The House of Kotromanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Котроманић, pl. Kotromanići / Котроманићи) was a late medieval Bosnian noble and later royal dynasty. Rising to power in the middle of the 13th century as bans of Bosnia, with control over little more than the valley of the eponymous river, the Kotromanić rulers expanded their realm through a series of conquests to include nearly all of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, large parts of modern-day Croatia and parts of modern-day Serbia and Montenegro, with Tvrtko I eventually establishing the Kingdom of Bosnia in 1377. The Kotromanić intermarried with several southeastern and central European royal houses. The last sovereign, Stephen Tomašević, ruled briefly as Despot of Serbia in 1459 and as King of Bosnia between 1461 and 1463, before losing both countries to the Ottoman Empire.
Sabrage
Sabrage /səˈbreɪʒ/ is a ceremonial technique for opening a sparkling wine bottle, typically Champagne, by striking it with a sword or similar implement. The blade is placed towards the base of the bottle and thrust along the length of the neck, where the force of the striking point hitting the lip breaks the glass to separate the collar from the neck of the bottle. The cork and collar remain together after separating from the neck. The act can be performed using a real saber or other bladed weapon, but is today most often done using a specialized Champagne sword. Derived techniques can employ almost any flat object as desired. Despite the military origins and stylings of the act, a sharpened edge would be detrimental to the striking effect; Champagne swords are left unsharpened and therefore do not qualify as true weapons, while real sabers must be reversed such that the collar is struck by the dull side of the blade.

Sabre
A sabre or (American English) saber (/ˈseɪbər/ SAY-bər) is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with the light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods. Originally associated with Central European cavalry such as the hussars, the sabre became widespread in Western Europe during the Thirty Years' War. Lighter sabres also became popular with infantry of the early 17th century. In the 19th century, models with less curving blades became common and were also used by heavy cavalry.

The military sabre was used as a duelling weapon in academic fencing in the 19th century, giving rise to a discipline of modern sabre fencing (introduced in the 1896 Summer Olympics) loosely based on the characteristics of the historical weapon.
Texas A&M Aggies football
The Texas A&M Aggies football program represents Texas A&M University in the sport of American football.  The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  Texas A&M football claims three national titles and 18 conference titles. The team plays all home games at Kyle Field, a 102,733-person capacity outdoor stadium on the university campus.

Kentucky Wildcats football
The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Wildcats play their home games at Kroger Field in Lexington, Kentucky and are led by first-year head coach Will Stein.
Ischia di Castro
Ischia di Castro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region of Latium, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Rome and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Viterbo.

Ischia di Castro borders the following municipalities: Canino, Cellere, Farnese, Manciano, Pitigliano, Valentano.

It takes its name from the nearby Castro, a town destroyed by Papal forces in the 17th century. The town is home to the Ducal Palace, or Rocca, to whose project collaborated Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (also designer's of Castro's walls before its destruction). It was once a palace of the Farnese family.

Farnese, Lazio
Farnese is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region of Latium, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Rome and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Viterbo.
International Mountain Society
The International Mountain Society  (IMS) is a scientific  research society focusing on the dissemination of information about mountain research and mountain development throughout the world, but particularly in developing regions. IMS is the copyright-holder and co-publisher, along with the United Nations University (UNU), of  the quarterly journal Mountain Research and Development (MRD). IMS was incorporated in Boulder, Colorado in 1980. Since 2000 the IMS has been based in Bern, Switzerland. 
Membership in the IMS, which includes subscription to MRD, is available to individuals and to organizations.

Mountain research
Mountain research, traditionally also known as orology (from Greek oros ὄρος for 'mountain' and logos λόγος), is a field of research that regionally concentrates on the Earth's surface's part covered by mountain environments.