hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tsuyama Domain
Tsuyama Domain (津山藩, Tsuyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now northern Okayama Prefecture. It controlled most of Mimasaka Province and  was centered around Tsuyama Castle. It was ruled in its early history by a branch of the Mori clan, and later by a branch of the Matsudaira clan. Tsuyama Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Okayama Prefecture.

Matsudaira clan
The Matsudaira clan (松平氏, Matsudaira-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture).  During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of the Matsudaira clan, Matsudaira Motoyasu became a powerful regional daimyo under Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi and changed his name to Tokugawa Ieyasu. He subsequently seized power as the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan during the Edo period until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, many cadet branches of the clan retained the Matsudaira surname, and numerous new branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu. Some of those branches were also of daimyō status.

After the Meiji Restoration and the abolition of the han system, the Tokugawa and Matsudaira clans became part of the new kazoku nobility.
Civil Aviation University of China
The Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC; 中国民航大学) is a public university in Tianjin, China. It is affiliated with the Civil Aviation Administration of China and co-funded by the Tianjin Municipal People's Government and the Ministry of Education. The institute focuses on providing higher education in civil aviation engineering technology and management. The university is next to the Tianjin Binhai International Airport. CAUC consists of two campus, the northern and the southern campuses, with a total area 1.03 million m2.

Civil Aviation Administration of China
The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) is the civil aviation authority of the People's Republic of China, under the Ministry of Transport. It oversees civil aviation and investigates aviation accidents and incidents. It is headquartered in Dongcheng, Beijing.

Before Deng Xiaoping's reform of separation of government and enterprise, the agency operated the CAAC Airlines with monopoly status from 1953 to 1987.
MIT Department of Biology
The MIT Department of Biology ("Course VII") is a center for research and teaching in the life sciences.  Many members of the faculty hold joint appointments with other departments at MIT and with outside institutions.

Tania A. Baker
Tania A. Baker is an American biochemist who is a Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and formerly the head of the Department of Biology. She earned her B.S. in Biochemistry from University of Wisconsin–Madison and her Ph.D. in Biochemistry from Stanford University under the guidance of Arthur Kornberg. She joined the MIT faculty in 1992 and her research is focused on the mechanisms and regulation of DNA transposition and protein chaperones. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and has been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator since 1994.
BxB Hulk
Terumasa Ishihara (石原 輝政, Ishihara Terumasa; born July 15, 1980), better known by his ring name B×B Hulk (B×Bハルク, Bī Bī Haruku) (/bbhʌlk/ BEE-BEE-hulk), is a Japanese professional wrestler. As of 2005, he is currently working for Dragon Gate. He was also known for his longstanding rivalry with Shingo Takagi.

King of Gate
King of Gate is an annual single-elimination professional wrestling singles tournament held in the Japanese promotion Dragon Gate. It is the successor to El Numero Uno, previously held in Dragon Gate and Toryumon, although Uno was a round-robin tournament, as opposed to the single-elimination format used by King of Gate. In 2016, King of Gate adopted a round robin format with four separate blocks.
DNA polymerase IV
DNA polymerase IV is a prokaryotic polymerase that is involved in mutagenesis and is encoded by the dinB gene. It exhibits no 3′→5′ exonuclease (proofreading) activity and hence is error prone. In E. coli, DNA polymerase IV (Pol 4) is involved in non-targeted mutagenesis. Pol IV is a Family Y polymerase expressed by the dinB gene that is switched on via SOS induction caused by stalled polymerases at the replication fork. During SOS induction, Pol IV production is increased tenfold and one of the functions during this time is to interfere with Pol III holoenzyme processivity. This creates a checkpoint, stops replication, and allows time to repair DNA lesions via the appropriate repair pathway. Another function of Pol IV is to perform translesion synthesis at the stalled replication fork like, for example, bypassing N2-deoxyguanine adducts at a faster rate than transversing undamaged DNA. Cells lacking dinB gene have a higher rate of mutagenesis caused by DNA damaging agents.

Polymerase
In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or half ladder replication.

A DNA polymerase from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7), is used in the polymerase chain reaction, an important technique of molecular biology.

A polymerase may be template-dependent or template-independent. Poly-A-polymerase is an example of template independent polymerase. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is also known to have template independent and template dependent activities.
Dare, Dili
Dare is a suco in Vera Cruz administrative post, Dili Municipality, Timor-Leste. It is about 30 minutes away from the centre of Dili, the country's capital city. Beginning in 1950, it has been home to the Roman Catholic Seminary of Our Lady of Fatima, which was the only tertiary-level educational institution in Portuguese Timor.

Also located in Dare is the Dare Memorial, dedicated to the East Timorese people, built by the Australian Forces that fought in Timor during World War II.

8°56′S 125°34′E﻿ / ﻿8.933°S 125.567°E﻿ / -8.933; 125.567

Sucos of Timor-Leste
The administrative posts (formerly subdistricts) of Timor-Leste are subdivided into 461 sucos ("villages") and 2,336 aldeias ("communities"). Sucos have been part of the country's administrative system since the 20th century, under Portuguese, Japanese, Indonesian, and independent rule.: 280
Lüneburg Kalkberg
The Lüneburg Kalkberg (not to be confused with the Segeberger Kalkberg) is the cap rock of a salt dome in the western part of the German town of Lüneburg. The Kalkberg was a gypsum mine during the Middle Ages, but is today a Naturschutzgebiet (nature reserve) and a common meeting place for city residents.

Lüneburg
Lüneburg, officially the Hanseatic City of Lüneburg and also known in English as Lunenburg, is a town in the German state of Lower Saxony. It is located about 50 km (31 mi) southeast of another Hanseatic city, Hamburg, and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. The capital of the district which bears its name, it is home to roughly 77,000 people. Lüneburg's urban area, which includes the surrounding communities of Adendorf, Bardowick, Barendorf and Reppenstedt, has a population of around 103,000. Lüneburg has been allowed to use the title Hansestadt ('Hanseatic Town') in its name since 2007, in recognition of its membership in the former Hanseatic League. Lüneburg is also home to Leuphana University.
OER Africa
OER Africa is an initiative of Saide, established in 2008 with support from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, to collaborate with higher education institutions in Africa in the development and use of Open Educational Resources (OER), to enhance teaching and learning.

Currently, OER Africa is

Developing continuous professional development (CPD) frameworks for supporting OER practices in higher education institutions in Africa.

Identifying, evaluating and sharing CPD OER available from institutions around the world.

Establishing working partnerships with selected African universities to identify the most appropriate strategies to strengthen the policy and operational environments.

Regular, up-to-date communications on news and events relating to OER in African higher education are provided on the website.

OER Africa has been cited recently in EdTechHub, TESSA, Policy Commons, Open Praxis, and PLoS One

Open educational resources
Open educational resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research materials that are intentionally created and licensed to be free for the end user to own, share, and in most cases, modify. The term "OER" describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve, and redistribute under some licenses. These are designed to reduce accessibility barriers by implementing best practices in teaching and to be adapted for local unique contexts.

The development and promotion of open educational resources is often motivated by a desire to provide an alternative or enhanced educational paradigm.
Tolstoy Marg
Tolstoy Marg (Hindi: टॉलस्टॉय मार्ग, lit. 'Tolstoy Road') is a road in the Connaught Place, New Delhi area.

This road was named after famous Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.

Tolstoy Marg links Barakhamba Road and Maharaja Ranjit Singh Marg intersection, to Sansad Marg intersection. Inside Connaught Place, the road connects to other important roads like Jantar Mantar Road, Janpath, Atul Grove Road, and Kasturba Gandhi Marg. Tolstoy Marg houses many commercial offices and offices of some Public Sector Enterprises as well.

Tolstoy Marg is usually the focal point of protest marches and other political rallies in the city. Political rallies towards Ramlila Maidan in Delhi, often passes through Tolstoy Marg.

Janpath
28°37′40″N 77°13′08″E﻿ / ﻿28.6278172°N 77.2189594°E﻿ / 28.6278172; 77.2189594

Janpath (meaning People's Path, formerly known as Queensway) is one of the main roads in New Delhi. It starts out as Radial Road 1 in Connaught Place, adjacent to Palika Bazaar, and runs north–south perpendicular to Kartavya Path (earlier Rajpath or the "Rulers' path"). Originally called Queen's Way, it was an important part of Lutyens' design of the administrative New Delhi, upon the inauguration of new capital of India in 1931. Janpath Market is one of the most famous markets for tourists (both Indian and foreign) in New Delhi. The market essentially is a long line of boutique stores selling products which are hard to find in the malls and multi-chain stores of the city. The long line of boutiques is for budget travellers and shoppers, buyers of handicrafts and garments, curio and numerous Indian-style fast-food places. It was created during the Construction of New Delhi.
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Lorenzo Ghiberti (UK: /ɡɪˈbɛərti/, US: /ɡiːˈ-/, Italian: [loˈrɛntso ɡiˈbɛrti]; né di Bartolo; 1378 – 1 December 1455) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence, a key figure in the Early Renaissance, best known as the creator of two sets of bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery, the later one called by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise. Trained as a goldsmith and sculptor, he established an important workshop for sculpture in metal. His book of Commentarii contains important writing on art, as well as what may be the earliest surviving autobiography by any artist.

Ghiberti's career was dominated by his two successive commissions for pairs of bronze doors to the Florence Baptistery (Battistero di San Giovanni). They are recognized as a major masterpiece of the Early Renaissance, and were famous and influential from their unveiling.

Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (Italian: Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori, e architettori) is a series of artist biographies written by 16th-century Italian painter and architect Giorgio Vasari, which is considered "perhaps the most famous, and even today the most-read work of the older literature of art", "some of the Italian Renaissance's most influential writing on art", and "the first important book on art history".

Vasari published The Lives in two editions with substantial differences between them; the first edition, two volumes, in 1550 and the second, three volumes, in 1568 (which is the one usually translated and referred to). One important change was the increased attention paid to Venetian art in the second edition, even though Vasari still was, and has ever since been, criticised for an excessive emphasis on the art of his native Florence.
Hugh Roe O'Donnell (died 1505)
Hugh Roe O'Donnell I (Irish: Aodh Ruadh mac Néill Gairbh Ó Domhnaill; c. 1429 – 11 July 1505) was a leading figure in Gaelic Ireland, ruling as king of Tyrconnell in Ulster from 1461 to 1505. He was then head of the O'Donnell dynasty.

A statue of him was unveiled in Donegal on 13 September 2007.

O'Donnell dynasty
The O'Donnell dynasty (Irish: Ó Dónaill or Ó Domhnaill, Ó Doṁnaill or Ua Domaill; meaning "descendant of Dónal") were the dominant Irish clan of the kingdom of Tyrconnell in Ulster in the north of medieval and early modern Ireland.
Intelligent lighting
Intelligent lighting refers to lighting that has automated or mechanical abilities beyond those of conventional, stationary illumination.  Although the most advanced intelligent lights can produce extraordinarily complex effects, the intelligence lies with the human lighting designer, control system programmer, or the lighting operator, rather than the fixture itself. Intelligent lighting (ILS) is also known as automated lighting, moving lights, moving heads, or simply movers.

More recently the term has fallen into disuse as abilities once reserved to a specific category of lighting instruments (most notably colour changing and variable focus) have become pervasive across a range of fixtures. The distinction has become more blurred with the introduction of machines that would not be considered lights but share the ability to move their orientation and are operated by the same DMX512 control protocol, such as moving yoke projectors.

Stage lighting instrument
Stage lighting instruments (lanterns, or luminaires in Europe)  are used in stage lighting to illuminate theatrical productions, concerts, and other performances taking place in live performance venues. They are also used to light television studios and sound stages.

Many stagecraft terms vary between the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United States, lighting fixtures are often called "instruments" or "units". In the UK, they are called "lanterns" or "luminaires". This article mainly uses terms common to the United States.
German Sports Badge
The German Sports Badge (German: Deutsches Sportabzeichen (DSA)) is a decoration of the German Olympic Sports Federation DOSB. The German Sports Badge test is carried out primarily in Germany, and in other countries abroad.

Running Badge
The Running Badge (German: Laufabzeichen) is an award of the German Athletics Association. Various levels of the Running Badge are awarded for the completion of running for certain periods. The Running Badge can be awarded either as a cloth patch or as a pin.
Kajan Johnson
Kajan Johnson (born April 21, 1984) is a retired Canadian mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the lightweight division of the UFC. A professional competitor since 2002, he is also known for competing The Ultimate Fighter Nations: Canada vs. Australia for Team Canada, as well as the MFC and King of the Cage.

Rustam Khabilov
Rustam Mikailovich Khabilov (born 4 November 1986) is a Russian mixed martial artist, who last competed in the Welterweight division. He is a Combat Sambo World Champion and a former member of the Legion Sport Club fight team in Rostov-on-Don. Prior to signing with Bellator, Khabilov previously fought in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).
25th Infantry Division (India)
The 25th Infantry Division is an infantry division of the Indian Army which was raised during the World War II and fought in the Burma Campaign. It was re-raised within the post-independence Indian Army in 1948.

York and Lancaster Regiment
The York and Lancaster Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that existed from 1881 until 1968. The regiment was created in the Childers Reforms of 1881 by the amalgamation of the 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot and the 84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot. The regiment saw service in many small conflicts and both World War I and World War II until 1968, when the regiment chose to be disbanded rather than amalgamated with another regiment, one of only two infantry regiments in the British Army to do so, with the other being the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles).
Grizzly (comics)
Grizzly is the name of four unrelated characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first is a wild west villain, the second is an A.I.M. Agent, the third is a foe of Spider-Man, and the fourth is a mutant and member of Six Pack.

Darren Cross
Darren Agonistes Cross is a supervillain appearing in Marvel Comics properties. He is the archenemy of Scott Lang (the second superhero to be called Ant-Man), the father of Augustine Cross, and the cousin of Crossfire.

In the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), the character was portrayed in live-action by Corey Stoll in the 2015 film Ant-Man as Yellowjacket (a concept later integrated into the comics with the character as the third version of Yellowjacket in the Marvel Universe), and in the 2023 film Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania as M.O.D.O.K. (Mechanized Organism Designed Only for Killing).
Dan River Navigation System in North Carolina Thematic Resources
Dan River Navigation System in North Carolina Thematic Resources includes a set of historic wing dams, sluices, and hauling walls located near Eden, Madison, and Wentworth, Rockingham County, North Carolina. They were built between about 1823 and 1890 to improve navigation on the Dan River.

Madison, North Carolina
Madison is a town located in Rockingham County, North Carolina. At the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 2,132. Madison is part of the Greensboro-High Point Metropolitan Statistical Area of the Piedmont Triad metro region.

It was home to the corporate headquarters of Remington Arms until 2020, when the company was made defunct by bankruptcy proceedings. It is still home to Marlin Firearms, which was an asset of Remington now owned by Sturm, Ruger & Co.
Fath-Ali Khan of Quba
Fatali Khan or Fath-Ali Khan of Quba (Persian: فتحعلی‌خان قبه‌ای) (1736 – April 2, 1789) was a khan of the Quba Khanate (1758–1789) who also managed to dominate the Derbent, Baku, Talysh and Shirvan Khanates, as well as the Salyan Sultanate during much of his reign.

Ibrahim Khalil Khan
Ibrahim Khalil Khan Javanshir (Azerbaijani: İbrahim Xəlil Xan Cavanşir, 1732–1806) was the second khan of the Karabakh Khanate from the Javanshir family. He was the son and successor of Panah-Ali khan Javanshir.
Björn Bregy
Björn Heinrich Walter Bregy (born September 30, 1974) is a Swiss heavyweight kickboxer, European Yoseikan Budo champion and K-1 Europe 2006 in Amsterdam tournament Champion.
He holds notable wins over Gokhan Saki, Ray Sefo, Alexander Ustinov, Freddy Kemayo (twice), and Alexey Ignashov.

Gökhan Saki
Gökhan Saki (born 18 October 1983) is a Turkish-Dutch kickboxer and mixed martial artist. He is a Dutch, European and World Muay Thai champion, K-1 World GP 2006 in Amsterdam tournament finalist, K-1 World Grand Prix 2008 in Hawaii champion and former Glory Light Heavyweight Champion. Saki also competed in the light heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.
Leblanc process
The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for making soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc.  It involved two stages: making sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, followed by reacting the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to make sodium carbonate.  The process gradually became obsolete after the development of the Solvay process.

Hydrogen chloride
The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl.
Bad Dürkheim
Bad Dürkheim (German pronunciation: [ˌbaːt ˈdʏʁkhaɪm] ⓘ) is a spa town in the Rhine-Neckar urban agglomeration. It is the seat of the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, and the site of the discovery of the element caesium, in 1860.

Palatinate Forest
The Palatinate Forest (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfälzerwald [ˈpfɛltsɐvalt] ⓘ), sometimes also called the Palatine Forest, is a low-mountain region in southwestern Germany, located in the Palatinate in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The forest is a designated nature park (German: Naturpark Pfälzerwald) covering 1,771 km2 and its highest elevation is the Kalmit (672.6 m).

Together with the northern part of the adjacent Vosges Mountains in France it forms the UNESCO-designated Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve.
Arica Mountains
The Arica Mountains are a small mountain range in northern Riverside County, California. The range lies along the south edge of Rice Valley 6.2 miles (10.0 km) southwest of the old Rice townsite on California State Route 62. They lie 6 miles (9.7 km) north of the Little Maria Mountains and 9 miles (14 km) southwest of the Turtle Mountains. The Granite Mountains lie about 8 miles to the west. They are in the Colorado Desert, in the Lower Colorado River Valley region. They are north the Palen Mountains and Big Maria Mountains; and northwest of Blythe, California.

Granite Mountains (Riverside County, California)
The Granite Mountains are a mountain range in northern Riverside County, California, United States. The range is east of Joshua Tree National Park, and is one of four mountain ranges in the Mojave Desert to share this name. The range is about 12 miles northwest to southeast, and about 4 miles wide. It is in the Palen/McCoy Wilderness, administered by the Bureau of Land Management.
Akop Stepanyan
Akop Stepanyan (Russian: Акоп Степанян, Armenian: Հակոբ Ստեփանյան; born May 6, 1986) is a Russian mixed martial artist of Armenian heritage who competed in the featherweight and lightweight divisions of Bellator Fighting Championships and Absolute Championship Berkut.

2013 in Bellator MMA
2013 in Bellator MMA was the eighth installment of the Bellator MMA, which began on January 17, 2013 and ended on April 4, 2013.

Mixed martial arts tournaments were held in five weight classes and all of the champions, except the heavyweight champion, placed their titles on the line during this season.

This season marked the beginning of Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) airing on Spike TV.
2001 Albanian Supercup
The 2001 Albanian Supercup is the eighth edition of the Albanian Supercup since its establishment in 1989. The match was contested between the Albanian Cup 2001 winners KF Tirana and the 2000–01 Albanian Superliga champions KF Vllaznia.

Albanian Supercup
The Albanian Supercup (Albanian: Superkupa e Shqipërisë) is an annually held match between the champions of the Kategoria Superiore and the Albanian Cup winners, or, if the same team won both trophies, the Cup's runners-up.

Prior to 2000, the Supercup final was not played if the champion team had won the Double. However, after 2000, the Albanian Football Federation changed the rule, and the final has since been played against the Cup runners-up in such a scenario.

There have been 30 finals played in total. Tirana are the most successful team, having won the trophy 12 times.