hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elisa Bonaparte
Maria Anna Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi Levoy (French: Marie Anne Elisa Bonaparte; 3 January 1777 – 7 August 1820), better known as Elisa Bonaparte, was an imperial French princess and sister of Napoleon Bonaparte. She was Princess of Lucca and Piombino (1805-1814), Grand Duchess of Tuscany (1809-1814) and Countess of Compignano by appointment of her brother.

She was the fourth surviving child and eldest surviving daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. A younger sister of Napoleon Bonaparte, she had elder brothers Joseph and Lucien, and younger siblings Louis, Pauline, Caroline and Jérôme.

As Princess of Lucca and Piombino, then Grand Duchess of Tuscany, she became Napoleon's only sister to possess political power. Their relations were sometimes strained due to her sharp tongue. Highly interested in the arts, particularly the theatre, she widely encouraged and promoted the subject within the territories she ruled over.

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Isabella of Villehardouin
Isabella of Villehardouin (1260/1263 – 23 January 1312) was the reigning Princess of Achaea from 1289 to 1307. She was the elder daughter of Prince William II of Achaea and of his third wife, Anna Komnene Doukaina, the second daughter of Michael II Komnenos Doukas, the despot of Epiros.

Anna Komnene Doukaina
Anna Komnene Doukaina (died 4 January 1286), known in French as Agnes, was princess-consort of the Principality of Achaea in 1258–1278 and regent between 1259–1262, during the captivity of her husband, Prince William II of Villehardouin, by the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. After William II's death in 1278, she re-married to the powerful baron Nicholas II of Saint Omer.
'Op o' Me Thumb
'Op o' Me Thumb is a 1904 one-act play by the English authors Frederick Fenn and Richard Pryce. It was produced at the Court Theatre, London, on 13 March 1904, in a double bill with Robert Browning's A Soul's Tragedy. It transferred to the St James's Theatre on 24 April 1904. The leading role of Amanda was played by Hilda Trevelyan. The play was staged in New York in 1905 with Maude Adams as Amanda. It was filmed in 1920 as Suds, starring Mary Pickford in the role created by Trevelyan.

Frederick Fenn
Frederick Fenn (6 November 1868 – 2 January 1924) was an English playwright, journalist and drama critic. He was the librettist for one of the last Savoy Operas, A Welsh Sunset (1908), and had his greatest success with the musical comedy The Girl in the Taxi (1912).
Canaan, New Hampshire
Canaan is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 3,794 at the 2020 census. It is the location of Mascoma State Forest. Canaan is home to the Cardigan Mountain School, the town's largest employer.

The main village of the town, where 442 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Canaan census-designated place (CDP), and is located at the junction of U.S. Route 4 with New Hampshire Route 118.

Grafton County, New Hampshire
Grafton County is a county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 census, the population was 91,118. Its county seat is the town of Haverhill. In 1972, the county courthouse and other offices were moved from Woodsville, a larger village within the town of Haverhill, to North Haverhill.

Grafton County is part of the Claremont-Lebanon, NH–VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The county is the home of Dartmouth College and Plymouth State University. Progressive Farmer rated Grafton County fourth in its list of the "Best Places to Live in Rural America" in 2006, citing low unemployment (despite slow economic growth), a favorable cost of living, and the presence of White Mountain National Forest, the state's only national forest.
Sunrise (1926 film)
Sunrise is a 1926 Australian silent film co-directed by Raymond Longford, who took over during filming.

It was the second film from Australasian Films following their recommencement of production, after Painted Daughters. (The company planned to make twelve. It did not make this many ultimately.)

It is considered a lost film.

Raymond Longford
Raymond Longford (born John Walter Hollis Longford; 23 September 1878 – 2 April 1959) was a prolific Australian film director, writer, producer, and actor during the silent era. Longford was a major director of the silent film era of the Australian cinema. He formed a production team with Lottie Lyell. His contributions to Australian cinema with his ongoing collaborations with Lyell, including The Sentimental Bloke (1919) and The Blue Mountains Mystery (1921), prompted the Australian Film Institute's AFI Raymond Longford Award, inaugurated in 1968, to be named in his honour.
Α-Aminobutyric acid
α-Aminobutyric acid (AABA), also known as homoalanine in biochemistry, is a non-proteinogenic alpha amino acid with chemical formula C4H9NO2. The straight two carbon side chain is one carbon longer than alanine, hence the prefix homo-.  The conjugate base of α-aminobutyric acid is the carboxylate α-aminobutyrate.

Homoalanine is biosynthesized by transaminating oxobutyrate, a metabolite in isoleucine biosynthesis. It is used by nonribosomal peptide synthases. One example of a nonribosomal peptide containing homoalanine is ophthalmic acid, which was first isolated from calf lens.

α-Aminobutyric acid is one of the three isomers of aminobutyric acid. The two other are the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) which is known for inducing plant disease resistance.

This amino acid has been detected in meteorites.

Aminobutyric acid
Aminobutyric acid or aminobutanoic acid refers to any of three isomeric chemical compounds that differ in the position of the amino group (-NH₂) relative to the carboxyl group (-COOH). These compounds have distinct biological roles and chemical properties.

Isomers

α-Aminobutyric acid (AABA): An intermediate in methionine metabolism, involved in peptide biosynthesis.

β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA): A plant defense activator, enhancing resistance to pathogens.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA): The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, regulating neuronal activity and reducing stress.
Young Lamas Home School
The Young Lamas Home School was a school established by the 14th Dalai Lama and Freda Bedi in 1960. Its funding was provided by Christopher Hills and its early abbot was Karma Thinley Rinpoche.

Freda Bedi asked Chogyam Trungpa to train young Tibetan monks, and then he became the spiritual advisor of them. In addition to Chogyam Trungpa, there were Thubten Zopa Rinpoche, Akong Rinpoche, Tulku Pema Tenzin, Katak Tulku, Gelek Rimpoche, Yeshe Losal, and the sons of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Chokyi Nyima and Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche who attended the school. Freda Bedi was the principal of the school in Delhi which later moved to Dalhousie.

Tenzin Palmo and Robert Thurman were teachers there.

Yeshe Losal
Lama Yeshe Losal Rinpoche (Tibetan: ཡེ་ཤེས་བློ་གསལ་, Wylie: ye shes blo gsal) is a lama in the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and abbot of the Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre, Scotland, the first and largest of its kind in the West.
Narrows Commercial Historic District
The Narrows Commercial Historic District encompasses the historic commercial heart of Narrows, Virginia.  It is centered at the intersection of Main and
Monroe Streets and MacArthur Lane, near the confluence of Wolf Creek and the New River.  The area's major development did not begin until after the arrival in 1882 of the railroad, with most of it taking place in the two decades before World War II.  Major buildings include the 1927 Norfolk and Western Railroad depot and the 1940 General Macarthur Hotel.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Narrows, Virginia
Narrows, named for the narrowing of the New River that flows through the town, is a town in Giles County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Narrows had a population of 2,093. It is part of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area.
Emily Baldwin (headmistress)
Emily Baldwin (1807 – 1880) was the first headmistress of Howell's School, Llandaff.

She was born 18 September 1807 to a London publishing family. Her father was Robert Baldwin, founder of the London Magazine, and her mother was his relative Maria Baldwin, daughter of the publisher Henry Baldwin. She had six siblings.

She ran a school at Leamington and was head of a school in Notting Hill for fourteen years until she was appointed headmistress of Howell's School, Llandaff, in 1860.

Howell's School, Llandaff
Howell's School (Welsh: Ysgol Howell) is a private day school for girls in Llandaff, a district in northern Cardiff, Wales. It consists of a nursery, infants, junior, senior school and a sixth form. The sixth form became coeducational in September 2005 and was renamed Howell's Co-ed College.
Vicente Castaño
José Vicente Castaño Gil, also known as El Profe (born July 2, 1957), is a former leader of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), a right-wing Colombian paramilitary organization. After demobilizing, he was accused of murdering his brother and former AUC leader Carlos Castaño and of narcotics trafficking by both the Colombian government and the government of the United States.  In August 2004, the United States formally requested his extradition. Castaño remains, however, a fugitive and is the presumed chief of the criminal organization Águilas Negras  made up of former AUC paramilitary members.

Black Eagles
Black Eagles (Spanish: Águilas Negras) was a term describing a series of Colombian drug trafficking, right-wing, counter-revolutionary, paramilitary organizations made up of new and preexisting paramilitary forces, that emerged from the failures of the demobilization process between 2004 and 2006, which aimed to disarm the United Self-Defense Units of Colombia (AUC).

The Black Eagles were first considered to be a third generation of paramilitary groups, but Colombian military reports suggest they were intermediaries in the drug business between the guerrilla and drug cartels outside Colombia. As of 2007, they were reported to be active in the city of Barrancabermeja. According to Fundación Paz y Reconciliación, Black Eagles ceased to exist around 2011. Since then, there is no evidence of an armed structure, camps or a military hierarchy; instead, the term Águilas Negras is used as a "franchise" by different, unrelated criminal gangs.
The Choleric Man
The Choleric Man is a 1774 comedy play by the British author Richard Cumberland. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 10 December 1774. The original cast included Thomas King as Andrew Nightshade, James Aickin as Manlove, John Hayman Packer as Stapleton, Samuel Reddish as Charles Manlove, Thomas Weston as Jack Nightshade, Robert Baddeley as Dibble, John Moody as Gregory, Francis Godolphin Waldron as Frampton. Roger Wright as Frederick, Elizabeth Hopkins as Mrs Stapleton, Frances Abington as Laetitia and Jane Pope as Lucy. The play's Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 14 April 1777. It also appeared later at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden.

James Aickin
James Aickin (died 1803), was an Irish stage actor who worked at the Edinburgh Theatre in Scotland and in theatres in the West End of London.

He was the younger brother of the actor Francis Aickin (died 1803) with whom he shared the stage at the Edinburgh Theatre before he gave offence to his public by his protest against the discharge of a fellow-actor.  He therefore went to London, and from 1767 to 1800 was a member of the Drury Lane Company and for some years a deputy manager.  He quarrelled with John Philip Kemble, with whom, in 1792, he fought a bloodless duel.
Mick Mumford
Colonel Michael Anthony Mumford, CSC is a career officer in the Australian Army, now serving as a part of the Australian Army Reserve.

He came to prominence in 2006:

Commanding Officer, 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, from early 2006, with the rank of lieutenant colonel;

As CO of Private Jacob Kovco, the first Australian soldier to die during the Iraq campaign (April 2006);

Commanding 3RAR during:
Operation Anode (Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands, specifically the Australian response to riots following 2006 general election, April 2006);
Operation Astute responding to riots in East Timor (May–June 2006);

He was promoted to the rank of colonel in late 2013.

Operation Astute
The International Stabilization Force or Operation Astute was an Australian-led military deployment to East Timor to quell unrest and return stability in the 2006 East Timor crisis. It was headed by Brigadier Bill Sowry, and commenced on 25 May 2006 under the command of Brigadier Michael Slater. The operation was established at the request of East Timor's government, and continued under an understanding reached between Australia, East Timor, and the United Nations, with the United Nations Integrated Mission in East Timor supporting and helping to develop East Timor's police force. Other countries deploying soldiers to East Timor include Malaysia, New Zealand and East Timor's former colonial power Portugal, operating under independent command.
Pita Elisara
Pita Elisara (November 16, 1976 – October 16, 2018) was an American football offensive lineman.

A native of American Samoa, Elisara grew up playing rugby and football. After high school, he spent two years at Palomar College while living with some of his brothers, who were serving in the US Navy, in Oceanside, California. In 1998, he transferred to Indiana University, where he became an All-Big Ten offensive lineman. He started all 11 games in 1999 for the Hoosiers.

Being not selected in the 2000 NFL draft, Elisara was signed onto the New York Giants off-season roster, but eventually cut. He was then selected in the 2001 XFL draft by the short-lived San Francisco Demons. The following years he spent on several NFL teams' off-season roster, while being assigned to NFL Europe squads during the season.

He died on October 16, 2018, in Del City, Oklahoma.

Palomar College
Palomar College is a public community college in San Diego County, California. The main campus is in San Marcos and three centers and four education sites are located elsewhere throughout north San Diego County.
God of War (TV series)
God of War is an upcoming American fantasy drama television series created by Ronald D. Moore for Amazon Prime Video. Based on the video game franchise developed by Santa Monica Studio, the series follows father and son Kratos (Ryan Hurst) and Atreus (Callum Vinson) as they embark on a journey to spread the ashes of their wife and mother, Faye.

Development by Sony Pictures Television, Amazon MGM Studios and PlayStation Productions began in March 2022 with a full season being ordered by Amazon in May 2022. A second season is in development.

Ólafur Darri Ólafsson
Ólafur Darri Ólafsson (born 3 March 1973) is an Icelandic and American actor, screenwriter, and producer, known for his roles in films such as Children, The Deep, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, and Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga, in addition to television series such as Fangavaktin, Trapped, NOS4A2, Lady Dynamite, and Severance. He has also provided the Icelandic voice of characters in animated films such as Ice Age, Lilo & Stitch, Brother Bear, and Kung Fu Panda.
Lower Saxony Cup
The Lower Saxony Cup (German: Niedersächsischer Pokal) is an annual football cup competition, held by the Niedersächsischer Fußball-Verband (English: Lower Saxony Football Association) since 1956. For sponsorship reasons, the official name of the competition is Krombacher-Pokal. The Krombacher brewery, sponsor of the competition since 2010, also sponsored, at the time, the cup competitions in Thuringia, Westphalia, Hesse and Rhineland. It is one of the 21 regional cup competitions in Germany and a qualifying competition for the German Cup, with the winner and runners-up of the competition being automatically qualified for the first round of the German Cup in the following season.

The record winners of the competition are VfL Osnabrück with five titles, followed by Sportfreunde Salzgitter with four titles and Kickers Emden, VfL Wolfsburg, and Hannover 96 with three titles each to their name.

VfL Osnabrück
VfL Osnabrück is a German multi-sport club in Osnabrück, Lower Saxony. It currently fields teams in basketball, gymnastics, swimming, table tennis, and tennis but is by far best known for its football section.

The football team currently plays in the 3. Liga following their relegation from the 2023-24 2. Bundesliga season. They are currently coached by Timo Schultz and captained by Jannik Müller.

The club has the record for most seasons played in the 2. Bundesliga without ever playing in the Bundesliga, and is 10th in the 2. Bundesliga's all-time table.
Acacia Demonstration Gardens
The Acacia Demonstration Gardens is a public park in Henderson, Nevada that features many examples of how to landscape in a dry desert climate.  The park was built by the Conservation District Southern Nevada in coordination with the City of Henderson.

Henderson, Nevada
Henderson is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, about 16 miles (26 km) southeast of  Las Vegas. It is the 2nd most populous city in Nevada, after Las Vegas, with 317,610 residents as of the 2020 census. The city is part of the Las Vegas Valley.

Henderson is notable for its extensive system of outdoor recreation facilities, including over 220 miles (350 km) of trails and 72 parks.

Incorporated in 1953, Henderson was originally known for its role in magnesium production during World War II. Since then, it has grown rapidly through the development of master planned communities starting with the large Green Valley neighborhood, redevelopment and reinvestment after the PEPCON disaster, and the city government's historically proactive planning and management.
Edward Augustus Bowles
Edward Augustus (Gus or Gussie) Bowles VMH (14 May 1865 – 7 May 1954) was a British horticulturalist, plantsman and garden writer. He developed an important garden at Myddelton House, his lifelong home at Bulls Cross in Enfield, Middlesex and his name has been preserved in many varieties of plant. The standard author abbreviation Bowles is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Bulls Cross
Bulls Cross is a road and hamlet in Enfield, England, on the outskirts of north London, forming part of the Metropolitan Green Belt. Although it now lies within the ceremonial county of Greater London, prior to 1965 it was in the historic county of Middlesex. The area is situated west of the Great Cambridge Road, and south of the M25 motorway. Crews Hill is to the west, Bury Green (near Cheshunt) to the north, and Bullsmoor to the east.
Sidney Finkelstein
Sidney Finkelstein (1909–1974) was an American cultural critic with wide-ranging interests in literature, music and fine arts, which he analyzed from a Marxist perspective. His area of particular expertise was popular music: its history, and the relationship between music and society. His best-known books include Jazz: A People's Music (1948), How Music Expresses Ideas (1952), and Composer and Nation (1960). Along with Charles Seeger (father of Pete Seeger), Finkelstein is considered "one of two American Marxist musical theoreticians of consequence." He has also been compared to British jazz writer "Francis Newton," pseudonym for British Marxist historian Eric Hobsbawn.

Vanguard Records
Vanguard Recording Society is an American record label set up in 1950 by brothers Maynard and Seymour Solomon in New York City. It was primarily a classical label during its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, but also has a catalogue of recordings by a number of pivotal jazz, folk, and blues musicians. The Bach Guild was a subsidiary label.

The label was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in April 2015.
William Curley
William Curley (born 29 October 1971) is a Scottish patissier and chocolatier. Curley is the owner of the London chocolate company William Curley Ltd., and has won the Academy of Chocolate's 'Britain's Best Chocolatier' Award four times. In 2012 William became a member of the prestigious pastry association Relais Desserts.

Raymond Blanc
Raymond Blanc OBE (born 19 November 1949) is a French chef. Blanc is the chef at Le Manoir aux Quat' Saisons, a hotel-restaurant in Great Milton, Oxfordshire, England. The restaurant has two Michelin stars and scored 9/10 in the Good Food Guide. He is entirely self-taught, and has taught or employed chefs including Heston Blumenthal, John Burton-Race, Michael Caines, Paul Liebrandt, and Marco Pierre White.
Some Remarks on Logical Form
"Some Remarks on Logical Form" (1929) was the only academic paper ever published by Ludwig Wittgenstein. It contained Wittgenstein's thinking on logic and the philosophy of mathematics immediately before the rupture that divided the early Wittgenstein of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus from the later Wittgenstein represented in the Philosophical Investigations. The approach to logical form in the paper reflected Frank P. Ramsey's critique of Wittgenstein's account of color in the Tractatus, and has been analyzed by G. E. M. Anscombe and Jaakko Hintikka, among others. In a letter to the editor of Mind in 1933 Wittgenstein referred to it as "a short (and weak) article".

Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics
Ludwig Wittgenstein considered his chief contribution to be in the philosophy of mathematics, a topic to which he devoted much of his work between 1929 and 1944. As with his philosophy of language, Wittgenstein's views on mathematics evolved from the period of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, as he changed from logicism (which was endorsed by his mentor Bertrand Russell) towards a general anti-foundationalism and constructivism that was not readily accepted by the mathematical community. The success of Wittgenstein's general philosophy has tended to displace the debates on more technical issues.

His Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics contains his compiled views, notably a controversial repudiation of Gödel's incompleteness theorems.
Zeekr X
The Zeekr X (Chinese: 极氪X; pinyin: Jíkè X) is a battery electric compact crossover SUV developed and produced by Zeekr, a premium NEV brand of Geely. It is the third production vehicle produced by the brand and was launched in April 2023. The model is based on the Geely developed Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) electric vehicle platform shared with the Smart #1, and the electric motors and batteries are made by VREMT (Viridi E-Mobility Technology), a company fully owned by Geely, which also produces the motors and batteries for Smart #1.

Zeekr
Zeekr Intelligent Technology Holding Limited, trading as Zeekr Group (Chinese: 极氪集团), is a Chinese automobile company. It is wholly owned by Geely Automobile Holdings.

Zeekr was founded in 2021 as a single brand specializing in luxury electric cars. Since February 2025, the entity has become a holding company known as Zeekr Group consisting of two brands following the acquisition of Lynk & Co, another brand under Geely Holding.

The name of the brand is made up of "ZE" which stands for Zero, the starting point of infinite possibilities, "E" which stands for Evolving the Electric Era, and "Kr" which stands for the element Krypton, a rare gas that emits light when electrified.