hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quaregna
Quaregna was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) northwest of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,325 and an area of 5.8 square kilometres (2.2 sq mi).

As a comune Quaregna bordered the following municipalities: Cerreto Castello, Cossato, Piatto, Valdengo, Vallanzengo, Valle San Nicolao.

Valle San Nicolao
Valle San Nicolao is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 6 kilometres (4 mi) northeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,136 and an area of 14.9 square kilometres (5.8 mi2).

Valle San Nicolao borders the following municipalities: Bioglio, Camandona, Cossato, Pettinengo, Piatto, Piedicavallo, Quaregna, Scopello, Strona, Trivero, Vallanzengo, Valle Mosso.
Mittenwald Railway
The Mittenwald Railway (German: Mittenwaldbahn), popularly known as the Karwendelbahn (Karwendel railway), is a railway line in the Alps in Austria and Germany. It connects Innsbruck via Seefeld (both in Tyrol, Austria) and Mittenwald to Garmisch-Partenkirchen (both in Bavaria, Germany).

The Mittenwald railway was built as an electric local railway from 1910 to 1912 by the engineers and contractors Josef Riehl and Wilhelm Carl von Doderer. The route was opened on 28 October 1912 and operated jointly by the Austrian Federal Railways and the Royal Bavarian State Railways. It was one of the first lines operated with high-tension single-phase AC-powered trains. Thus it had a substantial impact on the development of standards for electric railway operations in Central Europe. Together with the Ausserfern Railway (Ausserfernbahn) it connects the Austrian district of Außerfern (located west of the Fern Pass) with the Tyrol through Germany.

Mittenwald station
Mittenwald station (German: Bahnhof Mittenwald) is a railway station in the German State of Bavaria, in the town of Mittenwald. It has three platform tracks and is classified by Deutsche Bahn (DB) as a category 4 station.

It is the first station in Bavaria north of the Austria-Germany border on the Garmisch-Partenkirchen–Innsbruck line (Mittenwald Railway). The station was opened in 1912 and is served by trains operated by both Deutsche Bahn and Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).

The station is 18 kilometres from Garmisch-Partenkirchen station and 38 kilometres from Innsbruck West station (de).
Charles Beauclerk (author)
Charles Francis Topham de Vere Beauclerk (born 22 February 1965), also styled Earl of Burford by courtesy, is a British aristocrat and heir to the peerage title of Duke of St Albans.

Beauclerk first came to public attention when he attempted to interfere with a debate in the House of Lords, declaring a Bill which would exclude hereditary peers from the House to be treasonable.

A writer and exponent of the Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship, after the House of Lords Act 1999, he is not known by his courtesy title.

Nell Gwyn
Eleanor Gwyn (also spelled Gwynn, Gwynne, Gwin; 2 February 1650 – 14 November 1687) was an English stage actress and celebrity figure of the Restoration period. Praised by Samuel Pepys for her comic performances as one of the first actresses on the English stage, she became best known for being a longtime mistress of King Charles II of England.

Called "pretty, witty Nell" by Pepys, she has been regarded as a living embodiment of the spirit of Restoration England, and has come to be considered a folk heroine, with a story echoing the rags-to-royalty tale of Cinderella. Gwyn had two sons by King Charles: Charles Beauclerk (1670–1726) and James Beauclerk (1671–1680). Charles Beauclerk was created Earl of Burford and Duke of St Albans; Murray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St Albans is her descendant, and the current holder of the title.
Walter Schottky Institute
The Walter Schottky Institute (WSI) (German: Walter-Schottky-Institut) is a research center at the Technical University of Munich, dedicated to the physics of semiconductors. Established in 1988, it is located on its Garching campus. It is named after physicist Walter H. Schottky.

Campus Garching
48°15′52″N 11°40′16″E﻿ / ﻿48.2644°N 11.6711°E﻿ / 48.2644; 11.6711

The Campus Garching (German: Hochschul- und Forschungszentrum Garching) is a campus of the Technical University of Munich and a number of other research institutes, located around 10 km north of Munich in Garching. At the same time, it constitutes a district of the city. With more than 7,500 employees and around 17,000 students, it is one of the largest centers for science, research and teaching in Germany.
Nieuwe Kerk (Delft)
The Nieuwe Kerk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈniu.ə ˈkɛr(ə)k]; English: New Church) is a Protestant church in the city of Delft in the Netherlands. The building is located on Delft Market Square (Markt), opposite to the City Hall (Dutch: Stadhuis). In 1584, William the Silent was entombed here in a mausoleum designed by Hendrick and Pieter de Keyser. Since then, members of the House of Orange-Nassau have been entombed in the royal crypt. The latest members to have been entombed are Queen Juliana and her husband Prince Bernhard in 2004. The private royal family crypt is not open to the public. The church tower, with the most recent recreation of the spire, was designed by Pierre Cuypers and completed in 1872. It is the second highest in the Netherlands, after the Domtoren in Utrecht.

Delft City Hall
The City Hall in Delft is a Renaissance style building on the Markt across from the Nieuwe Kerk. It is the seat of the city's government as well as a popular venue for civic wedding ceremonies. Most administrative functions have been transferred to an office inside the Delft railway station building. Originally designed by the Dutch architect Hendrick de Keyser, it was heavily changed over the centuries and was restored in the 20th century to its Renaissance appearance.
Rogelio Funes Mori
Rogelio Gabriel Funes Mori (born 5 March 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Liga MX club León.

Funes Mori made his professional debut with River Plate, spending four years there before moving to Benfica in Portugal. In search of playing time, he signed with Monterrey in Mexico, where he quickly established himself as one of the top strikers in the league. He eventually overtook Humberto Suazo to become the all-time leading scorer for the club.

At international level, Funes Mori played for Argentina at the youth level before switching his allegiance to Mexico at a later stage in his career.

His identical twin brother José Ramiro is also a footballer who played as a defender for Premier League club Everton and La Liga outfit Villarreal and for the Argentina national team.

2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 16th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the biennial international men's soccer championship of the North, Central American, and Caribbean regions organized by CONCACAF.

The tournament was originally scheduled from 2 through July 25, 2021, but was later rescheduled for July 10 through August 1. Mexico were the defending champions. For the first time, the video assistant referee (VAR) system was used at the tournament.

The United States won their seventh Gold Cup title by defeating Mexico 1–0 in the final at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada.
Repentance Creek, New South Wales
Repentance Creek is a locality located in the Northern Rivers Region of New South Wales and it is located in the Lismore City Council local government area and is approximately 28.5 kilometres (17.7 mi) from the regional centre of Lismore.

It is on the lands of the Widjabal people of the Bundjalung nation who are its traditional owners.

City of Lismore
The City of Lismore is a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The seat of the local government area is Lismore, a major regional centre of the state.

The mayor of Lismore City Council since December 2021 is Steve Krieg.
2019 Woking Borough Council election
The 2019 Woking Borough Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect one third of members to Woking Borough Council in England coinciding with other local elections held across much of England. Elections in each ward are held in three years out of four. The previous election was held in 2018 and the next election was due to be held in 2020 but was instead deferred to 2021 along with all other ‘2020’ local elections due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021 Woking Borough Council election
The 2021 Woking Borough Council election took place on 6 May 2021 to elect members of Woking Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. Across the whole of Surrey there was also the Surrey County Council election and the election to be Surrey’s Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC). The Woking Borough Council election and the Surrey PCC election had both been delayed by a year because of the coronavirus pandemic. After the Borough elections the Conservative Party remained, by a margin of just one seat, the largest party on Woking Borough Council. Conservative Councillor Ayesha Azad continued to lead a Conservative minority administration, although the Council’s committee chairmanships were taken by opposition councillors.
General Jackson (riverboat)
General Jackson is a riverboat—more specifically, a showboat—based on the Cumberland River in Nashville, Tennessee.

General Jackson was named after another riverboat of the same name that was built in 1817; that boat was in turn named for Andrew Jackson. The modern boat was originally an attraction at the Opryland USA theme park. The park closed in 1997, but the boat remains in service, docking at Pennington Bend near the Opry Mills shopping center that replaced the park.  In addition to Opry Mills, the dock is located near the Grand Ole Opry House and the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center.

The original captains were Captain E.A. Poe and Captain William Howell.

Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center
Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center, formerly known as Opryland Hotel, is a hotel and convention center located in Nashville, Tennessee. It is owned by Ryman Hospitality Properties (formerly known as Gaylord Entertainment Company), and operated by Marriott International.
93rd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)
The 93rd Mechanized Brigade "Kholodnyi Yar" (Ukrainian: 93-тя окрема механізована бригада «Холодний Яр», romanized: 93 okrema mekhanizovana bryhada "Kholodnyi Yar") is a formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed in 1992. It has been described as "one of the most brutally effective" of Ukraine’s front-line brigades.

By January 2023, Western analysts claimed that due to captured Russian and donated Western equipment and incorporation of local volunteer battalions into the units structure, the 93rd was the size of an armored division, being a mechanized brigade in name only. The brigade is named after the Kholodnyi Yar Republic, a Ukrainian partisan state during the Ukrainian War of Independence.

Second Battle of Donetsk Airport
The Second Battle of Donetsk Airport was an engagement between the Ukrainian military and Russian military and its proxy forces of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) during the war in Donbas.  An earlier battle in May 2014 had left Donetsk International Airport in Ukrainian control. Despite a ceasefire agreement, the Minsk Protocol, in place since 5 September 2014, fighting broke out between the warring parties on 28 September 2014.

At the start of the battle, the airport lay between the separatist and Ukrainian lines of control, and was the last part of Donetsk city held by Ukrainian government forces. Heavy fighting over the airport continued into the new year, with some of the worst fighting taking place in January 2015. On 21 January, DPR forces overran the Ukrainian positions at the airport. The remaining Ukrainian forces were either killed, forced to retreat, or captured by DPR forces. The battle has been called the "Little Stalingrad".
Hōne Heke
Hōne Wiremu Heke Pōkai (c. 1807 – 7 August 1850), born Heke Pōkai and later often referred to as Hōne Heke, was a highly influential Māori rangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe) and a war leader in northern New Zealand; he was affiliated with the Ngati Rahiri, Ngai Tawake, Ngati Tautahi, Te Matarahurahu and Te Uri-o-Hua hapū (subtribes) of Ngāpuhi. Hōne Heke fought with Hongi Hika, an earlier war leader of the Ngāpuhi, in the Musket Wars. Hōne Heke is considered the principal instigator of the Flagstaff War in 1845–46.

Hongi Hika
Hongi Hika (c. 1772 – 6 March 1828) was a New Zealand Māori rangatira (chief) and war leader of the iwi of Ngāpuhi. He was a pivotal figure in the early years of regular European contact and settlement in New Zealand. As one of the first Māori leaders to understand the advantages of European muskets in warfare, he used them to overrun much of northern New Zealand in the early nineteenth century Musket Wars.

In order to obtain the muskets Hongi Hika encouraged Pākehā (European) settlement, built mutually beneficial relationships with New Zealand's first missionaries, introduced Māori to Western agriculture and helped put the Māori language into writing. He traveled to England and met King George IV. His military campaigns resulted in the Musket Wars, and preventing them was an important motivator for the British annexation of New Zealand and subsequent Treaty of Waitangi with Ngāpuhi and many other iwi.
Transfer matrix
In applied mathematics, the transfer matrix is a formulation in terms of a block-Toeplitz matrix of the two-scale equation, which characterizes refinable functions. Refinable functions play an important role in wavelet theory and finite element theory.

For the mask , which is a vector with component indexes from  to ,
the transfer matrix of , we call it  here, is defined as

More verbosely

The effect of  can be expressed in terms of the downsampling operator "":

Refinable function
In mathematics, in the area of wavelet analysis, a refinable function is a function which fulfils some kind of self-similarity. A function  is called refinable with respect to the mask  if

This condition is called refinement equation, dilation equation or two-scale equation.

Using the convolution (denoted by a star, *) of a function with a discrete mask and the dilation operator  one can write more concisely:

It means that one obtains the function, again, if you convolve the function with a discrete mask and then scale it back.
There is a similarity to iterated function systems and de Rham curves.

The operator  is linear.
A refinable function is an eigenfunction of that operator.
Its absolute value is not uniquely defined.
That is, if  is a refinable function,
then for every  the function  is refinable, too.

These functions play a fundamental role in wavelet theory as scaling functions.
Akhara
Akhara or Akhada (Hindi: अखाड़ा, romanised: Akhāṛā) is an Indian word for a place of practice with facilities for boarding, lodging and training, both in the context of Indian martial artists or a sampradaya monastery for religious renunciates in Guru–shishya tradition. For example, in the context of the Dashanami Sampradaya sect, the word denotes both martial arts and religious monastic aspects of the trident-wielding martial regiment of the renouncing sadhus.

Bairagi Brahmin (caste)
Bairagi Brahmin or Vaishnav Bairagi or Vaishnav Brahmin is a Hindu caste. They are Hindu priests. They are sedentary rasik (temple dwelling or temple priest) Brahmin members of the Vaishnava sampradayas, especially the Ramanandi Sampradaya. According to K.S. Singh, the community uses different surnames/titles in different states and union territories of India; these are: Swami, Bairagi, Mahanta, Maharaj, Vaishnav, Bawa, Pandit, Purohit, Goswami, Sharma, Das, Adhikari, Brahmachari. They are Vaishnav, and wear the sacred thread. A majority of Bairagi Brahmin is found in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, and Odisha. Vaishnavas are considered to be part of the 'upper castes' of India.
Nieuwland, Zeeland
Nieuwland is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It existed until 1816, when it was merged with Sint Joosland to form the new municipality of Nieuw- en Sint Joosland.

Nieuwland is also the former name of the current village of Nieuw- en Sint Joosland.

Sint Joosland
Sint Joosland is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It existed until 1816, when it was merged with Nieuwland to form the new municipality of Nieuw- en Sint Joosland. The municipality consisted of a single polder southeast of the current village of Nieuw- en Sint Joosland.
Rube Goldberg
Reuben Garrett Lucius Goldberg (July 4, 1883 – December 7, 1970) was an American cartoonist, sculptor, author, engineer, and inventor.

Goldberg is best known for his popular cartoons depicting complicated gadgets performing simple tasks in indirect, convoluted ways. The cartoons led to the expression "Rube Goldberg machines" to describe similar gadgets and processes. Goldberg received many honors in his lifetime, including a Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 1948, the National Cartoonists Society's Gold T-Square Award in 1955, and the Banshees' Silver Lady Award in 1959. He was a founding member and first president of the National Cartoonists Society, which hosts the annual Reuben Award, honoring the top cartoonist of the year and named after Goldberg, who won the award in 1967. He is the inspiration for international competitions known as Rube Goldberg Machine Contests, which challenge participants to create a complicated machine to perform a simple task.

Rube Goldberg machine
A Rube Goldberg machine, named after American cartoonist Rube Goldberg, is a chain reaction–type machine or contraption intentionally designed to perform a simple task in a comically overcomplicated way. Usually, these machines consist of a series of simple unrelated devices; the action of each triggers the initiation of the next, eventually resulting in achieving a stated goal.

The design of such a "machine" is often presented on paper and would be impossible to implement in actuality. More recently, such machines have been fully constructed for entertainment (for example, a breakfast scene in Pee-wee's Big Adventure) and in Rube Goldberg competitions.
Ohio State Route 238
State Route 238 (SR 238) was a short northwest–southeast state highway in the southwestern portion of Ohio.  At just over 1 mile (1.6 km) in length, State Route 238 had its southern terminus at the U.S. Route 62 (US 62)/SR 3 concurrency less than 1 mile (1.6 km) southeast of Bloomingburg. Its northern terminus was at SR 38 in the downtown of the Fayette County village.

Designated in the mid-1920s and located in the northeastern quadrant of Fayette County, SR 238 essentially served as a spur route between the US 62/SR 3 concurrency and SR 38, as the two routes ran generally parallel with one another at a separation of about 1 mile (1.6 km) for a distance of approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) between Washington Court House and Bloomingburg. This route provided a connection for the parallel state-maintained roadways at the northeastern end of the run in parallel.

Ohio State Route 38
State Route 38 (SR 38) is a south–north state highway in the state of Ohio. Its southern terminus is near Bloomingburg and Washington Court House at the U.S. Route 62 / SR 3 concurrency and its northern terminus is in Marysville at the intersection of 5th Street and Main Street where the road continues north as SR 31.

On its winding route through central Ohio, State Route 38 mainly offers views of rolling or flat farmland planted with corn, soybeans, and other crops. It also passes through a variety of towns including Bloomingburg, London, and Marysville.
Ed Lewis (wrestler)
Robert Herman Julius Friedrich (June 30, 1891 – August 8, 1966), better known by the ring name Ed "Strangler" Lewis, was an American professional wrestler and trainer. During his wrestling career, which spanned four decades, Lewis was a four-time World Heavyweight Wrestling Champion and overall recognized officially as a five-time world champion. Considered to be one of the most iconic and recognizable sports stars of the 1920s, often alongside boxer Jack Dempsey and baseball player Babe Ruth, Lewis notably wrestled in over 6,000 matches (many of which were real contests) and lost only 32 of them.

He was posthumously inducted as a charter member into the following halls of fame: Wrestling Observer Newsletter, Professional Wrestling, George Tragos/Lou Thesz and WWE's Legacy Wing. One of the most legitimately feared grapplers of all time, Lewis was known for his catch wrestling prowess and trained many future champions, most notably Lou Thesz, Danny Hodge, Dick Hutton and Gene LeBell.

AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Boston version)
The AWA World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship promoted by Paul Bowser in Boston.

The title was created by Bowser after Gus Sonnenberg, who had beaten Ed Lewis for the original World Heavyweight Wrestling Championship in 1929, was stripped of recognition as champion by the National Boxing Association. Browser continued to recognize Sonnenberg as champion and named his championship after the "American Wrestling Association" governing body, which hitherto did not actually exist. Rival promoters, including Jack Curley, countered by forming the National Wrestling Association and its NWA World Heavyweight Championship.

During Don Eagle's second reign, splinter titles were created by regional promoters in Chicago and Ohio. Bowser abandoned the championship later in Eagle's reign, while he was rendered inactive due to injuries in November 1952.
Pott's Ford Bridge
Pott's Ford Bridge is a bridge 1/2 mile south of Glasco, Kansas, USA that spans the Solomon River in Cloud County, Kansas. It has a wooden deck with three bowstring pony trusses and one Pratt pony truss.  The lengths of the trusses are 48 feet (15 m), 46 feet (14 m), and 149 feet (45 m) for the bowstring trusses, and 72 feet (22 m) for the Pratt truss. It was built in 1884 by the Wrought Iron Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio.

The bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Wrought Iron Bridge Company
The Wrought Iron Bridge Company was a bridge fabrication and construction company based in Canton, Ohio, United States. It specialized in the fabrication of iron truss bridges and was a prolific bridge builder in the late 19th century. It was one of the 28 firms consolidated by J. P. Morgan into the American Bridge Company in 1900.  Many of its bridges have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
CAESAR Competition
The Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness (CAESAR) is a competition organized by a group of international cryptologic researchers to encourage the design of authenticated encryption schemes. The competition was announced at the Early Symmetric Crypto workshop in January 2013 and the final portfolio in February 2019.

Authenticated encryption
Authenticated encryption (AE) is any encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the secret key). Examples of encryption modes that provide AE are GCM, CCM.

Many (but not all) AE schemes allow the message to contain "associated data" (AD) which is not made confidential, but is integrity protected (i.e., readable, but tamperevident). A typical example is the header of a network packet that contains its destination address. To properly route the packet, all intermediate nodes in the message path need to know the destination, but for security reasons they cannot possess the secret key. Schemes that allow associated data provide authenticated encryption with associated data, or AEAD.