hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lp space
In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, III.3), although according to the Bourbaki group (Bourbaki 1987) they were first introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1910).

Lp spaces form an important class of Banach spaces in functional analysis, and of topological vector spaces. Because of their key role in the mathematical analysis of measure and probability spaces, Lebesgue spaces are used also in the theoretical discussion of problems in physics, statistics, economics, finance, engineering, and other disciplines.

Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that  will take a value less than or equal to .

Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is uniquely identified by a right-continuous monotone increasing function (a càdlàg function)  satisfying  and .

In the case of a scalar continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from negative infinity to . Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.
2012 Summit League men's basketball tournament
The 2012 Summit League men's basketball tournament was the 2012 post-season tournament for The Summit League, an NCAA Division I athletic conference. The tournament took place March 3–6, 2012, at the Sioux Falls Arena in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.  South Dakota State won and received an automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA tournament.

This was the final Summit League tournament for Southern Utah, which joined the Big Sky Conference for the 2012–13 basketball season. Meanwhile, Oral Roberts joined the Southland Conference in 2012–13 but returned to the Summit in 2014–15.

2011–12 South Dakota State Jackrabbits men's basketball team
The 2011–12 South Dakota State Jackrabbits men's basketball team represented South Dakota State University during the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Jackrabbits, led by 17th year head coach Scott Nagy, played their home games at Frost Arena and are members of The Summit League. They finished the season 27–8, 15–3 in The Summit League to finish in second place. They were champions of The Summit League Basketball tournament to earn the conference's automatic bid into the 2012 NCAA tournament. This was the Jackrabbits first ever NCAA Division I Tournament appearance. They lost in the second round to Baylor.
Lua people
The Lua people (Phai pronunciation: [luaʔ]) are a Mon-Khmer minority ethnic group native to Laos, although there is now a sizable community living in Thailand. Luaʼ is their preferred autonym (self-designation), while their Lao neighbours tend to call them Thin (Tʻin or Htin; Lao: ຖິ່ນ Lao pronunciation: [tʰin]). Another term for this group is Lawa (but they have to be distinguished from the unrelated Lawa people in northern Thailand). There are two subgroups: the Mal and the Phai or Pray.

Their home region is in the provinces of Sainyabuli (Hongsa and Phiang districts) and Bokeo (Pak Tha District). In Thailand, most Lua settle in Nan province, close to the border with Laos.

Lawa people
Lawa (Thai: ลัวะ or ละว้า; RTGS: Lawa) are an ethnic group in northern Thailand. The Lawa language is related to the Blang and the Wa language found in China and Burma, and belongs to the Palaungic languages, a branch of the Austroasiatic languages. Their population is estimated to be some 17,000. The Western Lawa are found in the vicinity of Mae Sariang in the south of Mae Hong Son Province, the Eastern Lawa are centred on Bo Luang in Chiang Mai Province.
Cat Whitehill
Catherine Reddick Whitehill (born Catherine Anne Reddick; February 10, 1982) is an American retired professional soccer defender, who was also an assistant coach of the Boston Breakers in the NWSL. Whitehill last played for the Boston Breakers in 2015 and previously played for the Washington Freedom and the Atlanta Beat in the WPS.  She was a member of the United States women's national soccer team from 2000 to 2010; during that time, she earned a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

2003 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, the quadrennial championship of women's national soccer teams organized by FIFA. It was held in the United States from September 20 to October 12, 2003, at six venues in six cities across the country. The tournament was won by Germany, who became the first country to win both the men's and women's World Cup.

China was originally awarded the right to host the tournament, which would have taken place from September 23 to October 11 in four cities. A severe outbreak of SARS in early 2003 affected Guangdong in southern China and prompted FIFA to move the Women's World Cup to the United States, who had hosted the previous edition in 1999. China was instead granted hosting rights for the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup and financial compensation while the United States Soccer Federation made new arrangements to host at smaller stadiums.
Mediaspree
Mediaspree is one of the largest property investment projects in Berlin. It aims to establish telecommunication and media companies along a section of the banks of the river Spree as well as to implement an urban renewal of the surrounding area. So far, for the most part, unused or temporarily occupied real estate is to be converted into office buildings, lofts, hotels, and other new structures.

The plans date predominantly from the 1990s, but only a part of them was implemented due to unfavorable economic circumstances at the time. Promoters saw in this project a great opportunity for the former East Berlin, while critics saw the selling-out of the area's most valuable properties. The following criteria were defined for sustainable location development:

Public access to the riverfront,

Buildings with ground-floor public areas,

A mixture of large-scale and small-scale use,

Ambitious architectural concepts,

The integration of art and media.

Anschutz Entertainment Group
Anschutz Entertainment Group, Inc. (AEG), also known as AEG Worldwide, is an American global sporting and music entertainment presenter and a subsidiary of the Anschutz Corporation. It is the world's largest owner of sports teams and sports events. Under the AEG Presents brand, it is the world's second-largest presenter of live music and entertainment events, after Live Nation. AEG Presents was founded in 2002 as AEG Live.
Yuki, Tokushima
Yuki (由岐町, Yuki-chō) was a town located in Kaifu District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,356 and a density of 144.91 persons per km2. The total area was 23.16 km2.

On March 31, 2006, Yuki, along with the town of Hiwasa (also from Kaifu District), was merged to create the town of Minami.

Minami, Tokushima
Minami (美波町, Minami-chō) is a town located in Kaifu District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2022, the town had an estimated population of 6,142 in 3139 households and a population density of 44 persons per km². The total area of the town is 140.80 square kilometres (54.36 sq mi).
Departmental Council of Bas-Rhin
The Departmental Council of Bas-Rhin (Alsatian: Départementrõt vum Underelsàss, French: Conseil départemental du Bas-Rhin) was the deliberative assembly of the French department of Bas-Rhin. Its headquarters were in Place du Quartier Blanc in Strasbourg.

It was replaced, together with the departmental council of Haut-Rhin, by the Assembly of Alsace on January 1, 2021, following the creation of the European Collectivity of Alsace. Its last meeting was held on November 30, 2020. The members of the Bas-Rhin departmental council retained their mandate within the new Alsace assembly.

The last president of the departmental council was Frédéric Bierry.

Frédéric Bierry
Frédéric Bierry (born 21 April 1966) is a French politician who was a member of the UMP, then of the Republicans.

He was the mayor of Schirmeck from 1995 to 2015, president of the departmental council of Bas-Rhin from 2015 to 2020 and president of the assembly of Alsace since January 2, 2021.
Hirut Desta
Princess Hirut Desta (also Princess Ruth Desta; 20 April 1930 - 2015) was the daughter of Ras Desta Damtew and Princess Tenagnework Haile Selassie, and granddaughter of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia. She was the widow of General Nega Tegegn, who was governor of the provinces of Begemder and Semien. She was described by Nathaniel T. Kenney as a "trim, most democratic of princesses," who "was not above grabbing a tool from a workman, I suspect, and showing him how to use it."

Princess Hirut was educated at the School of St Clare (renamed Bolitho School), Penzance, Cornwall, and at Clarendon School for Girls, Abergele, North Wales.

She volunteered at the Haile Selassie I University's Library and Rita Pankhurst who was one of the library's directors wrote about how helpful she was.

Desta was imprisoned by the Derg from 1974 until 1988. Princess Hirut Desta died in London aged 85 in 2015, and her funeral was conducted at the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa.

Clarendon School for Girls
52°07′14″N 2°20′03″W﻿ / ﻿52.120586°N 2.334055°W﻿ / 52.120586; -2.334055
Clarendon School for Girls was a girls' independent boarding school, which began in 1898 in Malvern, Worcestershire, England.  It moved three times: first to Kinmel Hall near Abergele in Denbighshire in 1948 and then to Haynes Park in Bedfordshire in 1976 before merging with Monkton Combe School, near Bath, Somerset, in 1992.
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House order of battle: Union
The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 8–21, 1864) of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the casualty returns and the reports.

Battle of Spotsylvania Court House order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 8–21, 1864) of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization May 7–12, 1864, army organization May 13–25, 1864, the army organization during the Campaign and the reports.
Rubtsovsk constituency
The Rubtsovsk constituency (No.40) is a Russian legislative constituency in Altai Krai. The constituency covers central Altai Krai, stretching from Barnaul to Rubtsovsk in the Krai's southwestern corner. After 2025 redistricting Altai Krai is slated to lose one of its four constituencies, so Rubtsovsk constituency is going to be dissolved and partitioned between Barnaul and Slavgorod constituencies.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by Communist deputy Maria Prusakova, regional party office first secretary, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Viktor Zobnev.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Husainid dynasty
The Husainid dynasty or Husaynid dynasty (Arabic: الحسينيون) was a ruling Turkish dynasty of the Beylik of Tunis (present-day Tunisia). The dynasty was of Greek origin from the island of Crete. It came to power under al-Husayn I ibn Ali in 1705, succeeding the Muradid dynasty. The Husainids ruled Tunisia until 1957 before the establishment of the Republic.

The Husainids originally ruled under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman sultans officially regarded them as beylerbeyis (provincial governors) and recognized their rights to hereditary succession. Their succession to the throne was in theory determined by male primogeniture, but this was not always followed and, especially in later periods, the throne was often granted to an older male family member along the collateral branches of the family. The heir apparent to the Bey held the title Bey al-Mahalla and led the mahalla, a biannual tax collection expedition around the country.

Hammuda ibn Ali
Hammuda ibn Ali (Arabic: حمودة الأول بن علي), commonly referred to as Hammouda Bey (Arabic: حمودة باي ; 9 December 1759 – 15 September 1814) was the fifth leader of the Husainid dynasty and the ruler of Tunisia from 26 May 1782 until his death on 15 September 1814. He was the son of Ali II ibn Hussein. He was succeeded by his brother Uthman ibn Ali.
2006 NHK Trophy
The 2006 NHK Trophy was the final event of six in the 2006–07 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Big Hat in Nagano on November 30 – December 3. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2006–07 Grand Prix Final.

2006–07 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2006–07 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was an elite figure skating competition event held at the Ice Palace in Saint Petersburg, Russia from December 14 through December 17, 2006. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The Grand Prix Final was the culminating event of the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating series, which consisted of 2006 Skate America, 2006 Skate Canada International, 2006 Trophée Eric Bompard, 2006 Cup of China, 2006 Cup of Russia, and 2006 NHK Trophy competitions. The top six skaters from each discipline competed in the final.
Hotton
Hotton (French pronunciation: [ɔtɔ̃]; Walloon: Houton) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium. 
The municipality lies 12 kilometers from Marche-en-Famenne in the Ardennes and has more than 5,400 inhabitants. The river Ourthe crosses Hotton.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Hampteau, Hotton, Marenne and Fronville. There are also several hamlets: Bourdon, Deulin, Ménil-Favay, Monville, Monteuville, Melreux, Ny and Werpin.

The municipality lies in the Arrondissement of Marche-en-Famenne. In the west it borders the province of Namur.

Ny, Belgium
50°17′07″N 5°28′52″E﻿ / ﻿50.28517°N 5.48120°E﻿ / 50.28517; 5.48120

Ny (French pronunciation: [ni]) is a village of Wallonia in the municipality and district of Hotton, located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.
Forrest City High School
Forrest City High School is a comprehensive public high school in Forrest City, Arkansas, United States. It is the sole high school administered by the Forrest City School District and its main feeder school is Forrest City Junior High School.

In addition to Forrest City it serves other areas in central St. Francis County, including Caldwell, Colt, Madison, and Widener.

Forrest City, Arkansas
Forrest City is a city in and the county seat of St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States. It was named for General Nathan Bedford Forrest, a notable Confederate war hero who later became the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. Shortly after the end of the Civil War, he had a construction crew camped here, who were completing a railroad between Memphis and Little Rock. As of the 2020 census, Forrest City had a population of 13,015. The city identifies as the "Jewel of the Delta".
Jeduthun
Jeduthun - lauder; praising - the name of two men in the Bible.

A Levite of the family of Merari, and one of the three masters of music appointed by David. (1 Chr. 16:41, 42; 25:1-6) His office was generally to preside over the music of the temple service. Jeduthun's name stands at the head of Psalms 39, 62 and 77, indicating probably that they were to be sung by his choir. Jeduthun and Heman were responsible for the sounding of the trumpets and cymbals and for the playing of the other instruments for sacred song. (1 Chronicles 16:42).

A Levite whose son or descendant Obed-Edom was a gatekeeper at the time David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem (1 Chronicles 16:1).

Obed-Edom
The name Obed-Edom (/ˈoʊbɛd ˈɛdəm/, hebr.: עֹבֵד אֱדֹם) refers to several people in the Biblical books of 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Chronicles in the context of guarding the Ark of the Covenant and the Temple. The relationship between the occurrences of the name has been the subject of scholarly discussions.
Florida State Road 959
State Road 959 (SR 959), known locally as West 57th Avenue and Red Road, is a 5.381-mile-long (8.660 km) north-south Florida state highway located in south Miami-Dade County west of Downtown Miami.  It runs from U.S. 1 at the south end at the South Miami-Coral Gables border to Perimeter Road, just south of the runway of the Miami International Airport at its north end.

Red Road (Miami)
Red Road, also known as West 57th Avenue, is a 20.6-mile (33.2 km) main north-south street running west of downtown Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida and into Broward County. Red Road is signed as State Road 959 from U.S. 1 to the south end of the Miami International Airport, and State Road 823 from U.S. 27 to the Broward County line.
St Mary the Virgin, Cheshunt
St Mary the Virgin, Cheshunt is a Church of England parish church in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England, situated at Churchgate near the ruins of Cheshunt Great House. Built between 1418 and 1448 in the Gothic style, it replaced an earlier medieval church possibly dedicated to St John the Baptist. The church was designated a Grade I listed building in 1950 and is noted for its stonework, medieval tower, and collection of historic monuments and vaults.

The interior and surrounding churchyard contain a number of memorials to prominent local families, including the Cromwell family of Cheshunt Park, descendants of the Lord Protector, as well as the Dewhurst, Russell, Dacre, Meux, and Dodson families.

The is also a monument to Sir Nicholas Dixon, Baron of the Exchequer (1390-1448), and several memorials commemorating parishioners who served in the World Wars. The church includes an interior First World War memorial listing 104 parishioners killed in service.

Cheshunt Great House
Cheshunt Great House was a manor house in the town of Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England, near to Waltham Abbey. It is said to have been built by Henry VIII of England for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. The family seat of the Shaw family for over a century, by the late 19th century it was used as a Freemasons Hall and was later used during World War II. After the war, the hall was too costly to run and was opened to the public until a fire gutted it in 1965. It had been made a Grade II listed building on 11 June 1954.
Slow cooker
A slow cooker (also known as a crock-pot after a trademark owned by Sunbeam Products, but sometimes used generically in the English-speaking world) is a countertop electrical cooking appliance used to simmer at a lower temperature than other cooking methods, such as baking, boiling, and frying. This facilitates unattended cooking for many hours of dishes that would otherwise be boiled, such as a pot roast, soups, stews and other dishes (including beverages, desserts and dips).

Low-temperature cooking
Low-temperature cooking is a cooking technique that uses temperatures in the range of about 60 to 90 °C (140 to 194 °F) for a prolonged time to cook food. Low-temperature cooking methods include sous vide cooking, slow cooking using a slow cooker, cooking in a normal oven which has a minimal setting of about 70 °C (158 °F), and using a combi steamer providing exact temperature control. The traditional cooking pit also cooks food at low temperature.

Cooking food by a low-temperature method does not necessarily imply that the internal temperature of the food is lower than by traditional cooking.

In the American South, this style of cooking is sometimes referred to as "low and slow".
Silva Carbonaria
The Silva Carbonaria (Latin for 'charcoal forest') was the dense old-growth forest of beech and oak that formed a natural boundary during the Late Iron Age through Roman times into the Early Middle Ages across what is now western Wallonia. The Silva Carbonaria was a vast forest that stretched from the rivers Zenne and the Dijle in the north to the Sambre in the south. Its northern outliers reached the then marshy site of modern Brussels.

Further to the southeast, the higher elevation and deep river valleys were covered by the even less penetrable ancient Arduenna Silva, the deeply folded Ardennes, which are still partly forested to this day.  To the east, the forested zone was possibly considered to extend to the Rhine. It was there in Cologne in 388 CE that the magistri militum praesentalis Nannienus and Quintinus began a counter-attack against a Frankish incursion from across the Rhine, which was fought in the Silva Carbonaria.

Neustria
Neustria was the western part of the Kingdom of the Franks during the Early Middle Ages, in contrast to the eastern Frankish sub-kingdom, Austrasia. It initially included land between the Loire and the Silva Carbonaria, in the north of present-day France, with Paris, Orléans, Tours, Soissons as its main cities.

The same term later referred to a smaller region between the Seine and the Loire rivers known as the regnum Neustriae, a constituent subkingdom of the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia. The Carolingian kings also created a March of Neustria which was a frontier duchy against the Bretons and Vikings that lasted until the Capetian monarchy in the late 10th century, when the term was eclipsed as a European political or geographical term.
Cuisine of Abruzzo
Cuisine of Abruzzo is eclectic, drawing on pastoral, mountain, and coastal cuisine. Staples of Abruzzo cuisine include bread, pasta, meat, fish, cheese, and wine. The isolation which has characterized the region for centuries has ensured the independence of its culinary tradition from those of nearby regions. Local cuisine was widely appreciated in a 2013 survey among foreign tourists.

Coregone di Campotosto
Coregone di Campotosto is a traditional fish dish from the Abruzzo region of Italy, typical of Lake Campotosto, this fish of subalpine origin that has found an ideal habitat in this lake. Thanks also to the very clean waters and selected nutrients, the quality of the whitefish meat is excellent and lends itself very well to the different ways of preparation. The fish is cooked roasted on the grill and then marinated in a preparation of vinegar and with oil and chilli pepper.