hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Macedonian Struggle
The Macedonian Struggle was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts that were mainly fought between Greek and Bulgarian subjects who lived in Ottoman Macedonia between 1893 and 1912. From 1904 to 1908 the conflict was part of a wider guerrilla war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks, Bulgarians and Serbs all fought over Macedonia and its Christian population. Particularly over the national affiliation of the Slavic population which was forced to declare themselves for either of the sides. Gradually the Greek and Bulgarian bands gained the upper hand. Though the conflict largely ceased by the Young Turk Revolution, it continued as a low intensity insurgency until the Balkan Wars.

Idriz Seferi
Idriz Seferi (14 March 1847 – 25 March 1927) was an Albanian nationalist, revolutionary leader and guerrilla fighter who played a prominent role in the Albanian uprisings against the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Bulgaria during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During his 56-year military career, he fought in 35 battles.

A member of both the League of Prizren and the League of Peja, he was a close collaborator of Isa Boletini, with whom he organized an Albanian uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1910 in the Kosovo Vilayet. After the suppression of the uprising, Seferi continued fighting against the Ottoman authorities and played a prominent role in the Albanian uprising of 1912. In the First Balkan War, Boletini and Seferi rose up against Serbia and continued to attack Serbian posts in the subsequent occupation and initial phase of World War I (1913–1915). In the second phase of the war (1916–1918), he led his troops against Bulgarian forces.
Kowon station
Kowŏn station is a railway station of the Korean State Railway in Kowŏn-ŭp, Kowŏn County, South Hamgyŏng, North Korea. It is the junction where the P'yŏngra Line, which connects P'yŏngyang to Rajin, meets the Kangwŏn Line running from Kowŏn to P'yŏnggang.

Pyongra Line
The P'yŏngra Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the Korean State Railway in North Korea, running from P'yŏngyang to Rason, where it connects with the Hambuk Line. It is North Korea's main northeast–southwest rail line.
West Nippon Expressway Company
The West Nippon Expressway Company Limited (西日本高速道路株式会社, Nishi-nihon Kōsoku-dōro Kabushiki-gaisha), abbreviated as NEXCO West (NEXCO西日本, NEXCO Nishi-Nihon), is one of the main operators of expressways and toll roads in Japan. It is headquartered on the 19th floor of Dojima Avanza in Kita-ku, Osaka.
The company was established on October 1, 2005, as a result of the privatization of Japan Highway Public Corporation. The company manages roadways mainly in the Kansai and Chūgoku regions as well as on Kyūshū, Shikoku, and Okinawa Island. Roadways in other regions of Japan are managed by East Nippon Expressway Company and Central Nippon Expressway Company.

Expressways of Japan
The expressways (高速道路, kōsoku-dōro, lit. "high-speed road", also jidōsha-dō (自動車道), lit. "automobile road", "freeway", "expressway", or "motorway") of Japan make up a large network of controlled-access toll expressways.
Private Guns, Public Health
Private Guns, Public Health is a 2004 policy opinion book by David Hemenway, an economist who has served as Professor of Health Policy at the Harvard School of Public Health as well as the Director of Harvard's Injury Control Research Center. He argues that the widespread ownership of firearms in private hands in the U.S. promotes the spread of the "disease" of gun violence, and he takes a collective interpretation of the Second Amendment while stating that increased regulations are absolutely necessary in the purposes of public safety. Hemenway makes the central case that "more guns in a community lead to more homicide". He published the book through the University of Michigan Press in 2004.  A new edition was released, also by the University of Michigan Press, in 2017.

David Hemenway
David Hemenway (born 1945) is a professor of Health Policy at the Harvard School of Public Health and Director of the Harvard Injury Control Research Center.  He has a B.A. (1966) and Ph.D. (1974) from Harvard University, as well as an MA (1967) from University of Michigan, all in economics. He was James Marsh Visiting Professor-at-Large at the University of Vermont from 2005 to 2012 and 2020-2021 Elizabeth S. and Richard M. Cashin Fellow at the Harvard Radcliffe Institute. In 2012, he received the Centers for Disease Control's 20 for 20 Leadership Award in recognition of his status as one of the "twenty most influential injury and violence processionals over the past twenty years". Hemenway has written over 270 articles and seven books in the fields of economics and public health.
Kengoshizuka Kofun
Kengoshizuka Kofun (牽牛子塚古墳)  is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Koshi neighborhood of the village of Asuka, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan.  The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1923, with the area under protection expanded in 2014 and again in 2015, together with the nearby Koshitsukagomon Kofun (越塚御門古墳墳). It is most likely the tomb for Empress Saimei (also known as Empress Kōgyoku) the 35th and 37th monarch of Japan, and her daughter, Princess Hashihito. The tumulus is also called the "Asagao Kofun" from an alternative reading of the kanji in its name.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Let's Hope It's a Girl
Let's Hope It's a Girl (Italian: Speriamo che sia femmina) is a 1986 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli. For this film Monicelli was awarded with a David di Donatello for Best Director and a Nastro d'Argento in the same category. The film also won the David di Donatello for Best Film, Best Supporting Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Producer, Best Editing and Best Script.

David di Donatello for Best Editing
The David di Donatello for Best Editing (Italian: David di Donatello per il miglior montatore) is a film award presented annually by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (ACI, Academy of Italian Cinema) to recognize outstanding efforts on the part of film editors who have worked within the Italian film industry during the year preceding the ceremony. It was first presented during the 1981 edition of the David di Donatello award show.
Alpecin–Premier Tech
Alpecin– Premier Tech (UCI team code: APT) is a UCI WorldTeam cycling team that is based in Belgium. It competes both in the road and cyclo-cross seasons. The leaders of the team have in the past been cyclo-cross world champion Niels Albert, Philipp Walsleben and Radomír Šimůnek. The team's current lead rider is the cyclocross and road world champion and multiple monuments winner Mathieu van der Poel.

Philipp Walsleben
Philipp Walsleben (born 19 November 1987) is a German former racing cyclist, who rode professionally in cyclo-cross and road racing between 2006 and 2021 for the Team Notebooksbilliger.de, Heinz Von Heiden–Focus and Alpecin–Fenix teams. During his cyclo-cross career, Walsleben won the world under-23 title in 2009 and the German national title on six occasions.
Nathan Jones (song)
"Nathan Jones" is a song by American girl group the Supremes from their twenty-third studio album, Touch (1971). It was released on April 15, 1971, as the album's lead single. Produced by Frank Wilson and written by Kathy Wakefield and Leonard Caston, "Nathan Jones" was one of eight top-40 entries the Supremes recorded after its original frontwoman, Diana Ross, left the group for a solo career.

Kathleen Wakefield
Kathleen Rae "Kathy" Wakefield is an American songwriter, singer and fiction author known for co-writing The Supremes' hit single "Nathan Jones" that was released by Motown and used as a soundtrack for the film Rain Man and for co-writing the Grammy-winning song "One Hundred Ways".
Massillon Christian School
Massillon Christian School (MCS) is a private Christian school in Massillon, Ohio. It is a ministry of the Massillon Baptist Temple.

MCS is a private co-ed Independent Baptist ministry emphasizing Christian character and biblical principles. Classes are available for grades Kindergarten to 8th.

Massillon, Ohio
Massillon is a city in western Stark County, Ohio, United States, along the Tuscarawas River. The population was 32,146 at the 2020 census. Massillon is a principal city of the Canton–Massillon metropolitan area, which includes all of Stark and Carroll counties and had a population of 401,574 in 2020.

Massillon is located approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Canton, 20 miles (32 km) south of Akron, and 50 miles (80 km) south of Cleveland.
Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart
The Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Germany. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Freiburg in Baden-Württemberg, Bundesland. It covers the same territory of the former Kingdom of Wurttemberg.

Kingdom of Württemberg
The Kingdom of Württemberg (German: Königreich Württemberg [ˌkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk]) was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918, located within the area that later became Baden-Württemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Electorate of Württemberg, which existed from 1803 to 1806.
External anal sphincter
The external anal sphincter (or sphincter ani externus) is an oval tube of skeletal muscle fibers. Distally, it is adherent to the skin surrounding the margin of the anus. It exhibits a resting state of tonic contraction and also contracts during the bulbospongiosus reflex.

Bulbocavernosus reflex
The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR), bulbospongiosus reflex (BSR) or "Osinski reflex" is a polysynaptic reflex that is useful in testing for spinal shock and gaining information about the state of spinal cord injuries (SCI).   Bulbocavernosus is an older term for bulbospongiosus, thus this reflex may also be referred to as the bulbospongiosus reflex. It was described by Jacques Onanoff in 1890.
The HBK Gang
The HBK Gang (abbreviation for the Heartbreak Gang) is an American hip-hop collective based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Founded by Iamsu!, Chief, Skipper, and P-Lo in 2008, members also include singer Kehlani and rapper-producers Sage the Gemini, IsThatCJ, Rossi, Dave Steezy, Jay Ant, and Kool John. After contributing to various mixtapes, including Iamsu's Kilt II, in August 2013, the group released their debut mixtape, Gang Forever. HBK Gang Records is an associated independent record label.

Hyphy
The term hyphy (/ˈhaɪfi/ HY-fee) is an Oakland, California, slang meaning "hyperactive". More specifically, it is an adjective describing the hip-hop music and the culture associated with the Oakland area. The term was coined by rapper Keak da Sneak.
David Sackett
David Lawrence Sackett OC FRSC (November 17, 1934 – May 13, 2015) was an American-Canadian physician and a pioneer in evidence-based medicine. He is known as one of the fathers of Evidence-Based Medicine. He founded the first department of clinical epidemiology in Canada at McMaster University, and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. He is well known for his textbooks Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine. 
One of his last collaborators was his colleague and pupil Prof. Giovanni Natalizio, an Italian but, for years, a professor based in London, with whom he carried out numerous research activities.

One of his more famous quotes is: "Half of what you learn in medical school is dead wrong."

Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine
The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) is an academic research center in the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences at the Medical Sciences Division at the University of Oxford in England. It focuses on the practice, teaching, and dissemination of high quality evidence-based medicine to improve healthcare in everyday clinical practice.

CEBM was founded by David Sackett in 1995. It was subsequently directed by Brian Haynes and Paul Glasziou. Since 2010 it has been led by Professor Carl Heneghan, a clinical epidemiologist and general practitioner.

There are currently over 25 active staff and honorary members of the CEBM. The staff include clinicians, statisticians, epidemiologists, information specialists, quantitative and qualitative researchers.
Joe Hanrahan
Joe Hanrahan (born 21 March 1964) is an Irish former footballer who played during the 1980s and 1990s.

He picked up many honours, including the FAI Cup in 1983–84 and was named PFAI Young Player of the Year in the same year. He played for UCD in the 1984–85 European Cup Winners' Cup narrowly being beaten by Everton in a two-legged tie as Everton went on to win the competition, with Hanrahan nearly scoring the equaliser in the second leg.

University College Dublin A.F.C.
University College Dublin Association Football Club, known commonly as UCD, is the football team of University College Dublin. They play in the League of Ireland First Division. Founded in 1895, the club was elected to the League of Ireland in 1979 under the management of Dr. Tony O'Neill. Since the 2008 season they have played at the UCD Bowl, also home to the college's rugby team. 'The Students' play in bright sky blue and navy. Their reserve and freshers teams play in the Leinster Senior League. The current manager is Donegal native William O'Connor.
Sparkler (film)
Sparkler is a 1997 American comedy drama film directed by Darren Stein, written by Catherine Eads and Stein, and starring Park Overall, Jamie Kennedy, Freddie Prinze Jr., Steven Petrarca and Veronica Cartwright.  It is Stein's feature directorial debut.

Darren Stein
Darren Stein (born December 24, 1971) is an American film director, screenwriter, and film producer who grew up in Los Angeles's San Fernando Valley. Among his works include the documentary Put the Camera on Me, the 2010 horror comedy All About Evil, and the satirical major motion picture Jawbreaker, which was deemed a "cult classic" by the New York Post.
Battle of Placentia (1692)
The Battle of Placentia (1692) was fought between the English and the French at Fort St. Louis (Castle Hill) in Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador during King William's War. The battle lasted from  16 September until 21 September 1692.

Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador
Castle Hill is an area containing the remains of both French and British fortifications, overlooking the town of Placentia (French: Plaisance) in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.  The site was originally established in order to protect the French fishing interests in Terre-Neuve (Newfoundland) and the approaches to the French colony of Canada.
Edwin Sifuna
Edwin Watenya Sifuna (born 22 May 1982) is a Kenyan politician and the current Senator of Nairobi County after being elected in the 2022 Kenyan general election. He is the deputy minority whip in the Senate of Kenya. In 2018, he was appointed the Secretary General of the ODM party.

Nairobi City County
Nairobi City County is one of the 47 Counties of Kenya and serves as the capital of Kenya. It is the most populous county as of the 2019 census with a population of 4,397,073, yet among the smallest in area at 696.1 km². Despite its small size, Nairobi County contributes approximately 27.5% of Kenya's Gross Domestic Product, making it the economic powerhouse of the nation.

The county was established on 4 March 2013 under Kenya's new constitution, replacing the former Nairobi Province administrative unit. It comprises 17 constituencies and 85 electoral wards, with 11 gazetted sub-counties for administrative purposes.
Pennsylvania Route 29
Pennsylvania Route 29 (PA 29) is a 118-mile-long (190 km) north–south state highway that runs through most of eastern Pennsylvania.

The route currently has a southern and northern segment. The southern segment runs from U.S. Route 30 (US 30) near Malvern north to Interstate 78 (I-78)/PA 309 near Allentown. The northern segment runs from I-81 in Ashley north to the New York state line near Brookdale, Pennsylvania, where the road becomes New York State Route 7 (NY 7). The southernmost 5 miles (8.0 km) of PA 29's northern segment is a freeway known as the South Cross Valley Expressway. The route was continuous until May 9, 1966, when PA 29 was split into the two segments that exist today.

Upper Milford Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Milford Township is a township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township's population was 7,292 at the 2010 census. Upper Milford Township is a rural area southwest of Allentown in the Lehigh Valley, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.
Brestenberg Castle
Brestenberg Castle (German: Schloss Brestenberg) is a three-story, late Gothic to early Baroque manor house located in the municipality of Seengen, in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It was built in 1625 by Hans Rudolf von Hallwil and remains adorned with his coat of arms on its southern façade. The property is listed as a cultural heritage site of national significance and has been under cantonal protection since 1946.

The building has a rectangular plan and a hipped roof, and retains stylistic features from the late Gothic and early Baroque periods. Architectural features include continuous stone window bands, carved volutes, and a timber roof constructed without interior supports. Interior features include a round-arched door with Gothic framing and an 18th-century stucco ceiling.

Seengen
Seengen is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It belongs to the district of Lenzburg and is located in the Seetal valley at the northern end of Lake Hallwil.
Rock am Ring and Rock im Park
The Rock am Ring (German for "Rock at [the] Ring") and Rock im Park ("Rock in [the] Park") festivals are two simultaneous rock music festivals held annually in Germany. While Rock am Ring takes place at the Nürburgring race track paddock at the village of Nürburg, Rock im Park takes place some 200 miles away in Nuremberg, at the Zeppelinfeld which also is used as a race track paddock. Rock am Ring festival was founded by Marek Lieberberg in 1985.

The two festivals are usually regarded as one event sharing nearly identical lineups. All artists perform one day at the Nürburgring and another day in Nuremberg during the three-day event. There have been minor exceptions in the past years where an artist would be announced for one of the festivals only. Combined, Rock im Park and Rock am Ring are the largest music festivals held in Germany and one of the largest in the world with a combined attendance of over 150,000 people in 2007, selling out both events in advance for the first time.

Nazi Party rally grounds
The Nazi party rally grounds (German: Reichsparteitagsgelände, lit. 'Reich Party Congress Grounds') covered about 11 square kilometres (1,100 ha) in the southeast of Nuremberg, Germany. Six Nazi party rallies were held there between 1933 and 1938.
Androcles and the Lion (1952 film)
Androcles and the Lion is a 1952 RKO film produced by Gabriel Pascal from the 1912 George Bernard Shaw play of the same name. It was Pascal's last film, made two years after the death of Shaw, his long-standing friend and mentor, and two years before Pascal's own death.

Androcles and the Lion (play)
Androcles and the Lion (Shavian: ·𐑨𐑯𐑛𐑮𐑩𐑒𐑤𐑰𐑟 𐑯 𐑞 𐑤𐑲𐑩𐑯) is a 1912 play by Bernard Shaw. The play is Shaw's retelling of the tale of Androcles, a slave who is saved by the requiting mercy of a lion. In the play, Shaw portrays Androcles as one of many Christians being led to the Colosseum to die but surviving because the lion who was intended to tear him apart recognised him as the man who once extracted an agonising thorn from his paw.
Uyyala Jampala
Uyyala Jampala is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy drama film directed by Virinchi Varma, produced by Ram Mohan P and Nagarjuna under Sunshine Cinema in association with Annapurna Studios, starring  Avika Gor and Raj Tarun.

Uyyala Jampala received positive reviews from critics who appreciated the performances and technical aspects of the film. Gor and Tarun won the Best Female Debut and the Best Male Debut, respectively, at the 3rd South Indian International Movie Awards. The film was remade in Bengali as Parbona Ami Chartey Tokey (2015) and in Kannada as Krishna-Rukku (2016).

SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu
SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu is presented by Vibri media group as part of its annual South Indian International Movie Awards, for the best acting done by an actor in a leading role in his debut Telugu film. The award was first given in 2012 for films released in 2011.
Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 3 (formerly branded as Longgang line) of the Shenzhen Metro runs northeastward from Futian Bonded Area to Pingdi Liulian. Line 3 opened on 28 December 2010.

Since opening, it has been heavily trafficked and became a major transport option for urban workers. Line 3 currently has a service interval of 5 minutes between trains across the entire length of the line. Sectional trains operate on weekdays, between Huaxin and Tangkeng, from 7:15 am to 9:15 am and from 5:45 pm to 7:45 pm. This is to alleviate surges in passenger traffic at Buji, since the opening of the connecting Shenzhen East.

Shenzhen East railway station
Shenzhendong (East) railway station (simplified Chinese: 深圳东站; traditional Chinese: 深圳東站; pinyin: Shēnzhèndōng Zhàn), formerly Pu Kut station and Buji station (布吉站), is located in Buji Subdistrict, Longgang District, Shenzhen, in Guangdong. It is a station on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway.
Klaus Hottinger
Klaus Hottinger (died 9 March 1524) was a Swiss shoemaker born in Zollikon. A disciple of Zwingli, he took part in the famous "Affair of the Sausages" of 1522 which marked the public beginning of the Reformation in Switzerland. In 1523, he overthrew a wooden crucifix at Stadelhofen on the outskirts of Zurich. He was as a consequence banished from the canton in November 1523. He was executed in Lucerne on 9 March 1524, despite Zurich's effort to intervene on his behalf, and thus became the first martyr of the Swiss Protestant movement.

Zollikon
Zollikon is a municipality in Meilen District in the canton of Zürich, Switzerland known for being one of Switzerland's most exclusive districts. Besides the main settlement of Zollikon, which lies on the shore of Lake Zurich, the municipality also includes Zollikerberg, at a higher elevation on the road from Zürich to Forch.