hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abraham Flexner
Abraham Flexner (November 13, 1866 – September 21, 1959), an American educator, became best known for his role in the 20th-century reform of medical and higher education in the United States and Canada.

After founding and directing a college-preparatory school in his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky, Flexner published a critical assessment of the state of the American educational system in 1908 titled The American College: A Criticism. His work attracted the Carnegie Foundation to commission from him an in-depth evaluation into 155 medical schools in the US and Canada. His resulting Flexner Report, published in 1910, sparked the reform of medical education in the United States and Canada.

In 1930 Flexner founded the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, which brought together some of the greatest minds in history to collaborate on intellectual discovery and research.

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (CFAT) is a U.S.-based education policy and research center. It was founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1905 and chartered in 1906 by an act of the United States Congress. Among its most notable accomplishments are the development of the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association (TIAA), the Flexner Report on medical education, the Carnegie Unit, the Educational Testing Service, and the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.
Gustaf Mickels
Gustaf Evert Mickels (9 November 1879, Ruotsinpyhtää – 24 July 1949) was a Finnish politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1922 to 1924, representing the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP).

Ruotsinpyhtää
Ruotsinpyhtää (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈruo̯tsimˌpyhtæː]; Swedish: Strömfors) is a former municipality of Finland. Ruotsinpyhtää, Pernå and Liljendal were consolidated to Loviisa on January 1, 2010.

It is located in the province of Southern Finland and was part of the Eastern Uusimaa region (now Uusimaa). The municipality had a population of 2,893 (December 31, 2009) and covered an area of 470.03 square kilometres (181.48 sq mi) of which 193.36 km2 (74.66 sq mi) is water. The population density was 10.46 inhabitants per square kilometre (27.1/sq mi).

The municipality was bilingual, with majority being Finnish and minority Swedish speakers.
Camilla Dickinson
Camilla Dickinson is a 1951 novel by Madeleine L'Engle about the first romance of two teenagers from dysfunctional families in New York City. In 1965, it was republished in slightly different form under the title Camilla.

Madeleine L'Engle
Madeleine L'Engle (/ˈlɛŋɡəl/; November 29, 1918 – September 6, 2007) was an American writer of fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and young adult fiction, including A Wrinkle in Time and its sequels: A Wind in the Door, A Swiftly Tilting Planet, Many Waters, and An Acceptable Time. Her works reflect both her Christian faith and her strong interest in modern science.
Beach to Beacon 10K
The TD Beach to Beacon 10K is a 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) road running event that takes place along the coastline of Cape Elizabeth, Maine. It begins at Crescent Beach State Park and ends at the Portland Head Light in Fort Williams Park. One of the most competitive 10K road races in the United States, it was founded in 1998 by U.S. women's marathon runner Joan Benoit Samuelson, who in 1984, won the first ever women's Olympic marathon. The race is managed by DMSE, Inc. whose president, Dave McGillivray, directs the Boston Marathon and more than 30 other races each year. The current President of the race is attorney, David Backer.

Joan Benoit
Joan Benoit Samuelson, née Joan Benoit, (May 16, 1957) is an American marathon runner who was the first women's Olympic Games marathon champion, winning the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. She held the fastest time for an American woman at the Chicago Marathon for 32 years after winning the race in 1985. Her time at the Boston Marathon was the fastest time by an American woman in that race for 28 years. She was inducted into the Maine Women's Hall of Fame in 2000.
Miss Hanafi
Miss Hanafi or El Anesa Hanafy (Arabic: الآنسة حنفي) is a 1954 Egyptian comedy film written and produced by Galil al-Bendari and directed by Fatin Abdel Wahab about a man who goes through an accidental sex change. Starring by Ismail Yaseen and Omar El-Hariri, the film is based upon an actual 1947 news article about a woman-to-man instance but with the gender switch reversed to be man-to-woman for comedy effect.

Miss Hanafi is listed among the most important 100 films in the history of Egyptian cinema.  In his book Dream Makers on the Nile, author Mustafa Darwish called it Ismail Yasseen's "most famous and funniest film".

Fatin Abdel Wahab
Fatin Abdel Wahab (Arabic: فطين عبد الوهاب; 22 November 1913 – 12 May 1972) was an Egyptian film director. He directed 52 films between 1949 and 1970. His 1961 film Wife Number 13 was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival. His 1965 film Driven from Paradise was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.
David Vaughan (HBC captain)
David Vaughan (died c. 1720) was a Hudson's Bay Company captain who sailed with George Berley under the overall command of the explorer James Knight on an ill-fated expedition to discover the Northwest Passage.

Capt. David Vaughan was aboard the Discovery with Knight, the expedition leader. We know that they were shipwrecked at Marble Island, along with the Albany and Capt. Berley. The remains of the camp where they all perished, were discovered many years later by the explorer, Samuel Hearne.

Marble Island
Marble Island (Inuktitut: Uqsuriaq / Uqsuriarjua) is one of several uninhabited Canadian Arctic islands in Nunavut, Canada, located within western Hudson Bay. The closest community is Rankin Inlet. In the 19th century, the island was valued as a harbour for overwintering.
The Wave (2018 TV series)
The Wave is a British game show which premiered on 15 January 2018 until 19 March 2018, as a ten-part series on W. It is hosted by Rylan Clark-Neal with Keri-anne Payne overseeing the contestants. The concept of the show is that teams consisting of two members would enter the show together. One of the team members would be in the sea whilst the other will stay on land. The teammate in the sea will swim to pontoons to answer questions to win a cash prize. If they got an answer wrong, they would get weighed down by rocks.

U&W
U&W is a British free-to-air television channel owned by UKTV, a subsidiary of BBC Studios. It originally launched on 7 October 2008 as Watch and until 2022 was a pay television channel. From 15 February 2016 to 16 July 2024, the channel was known as W.
Mohamed Salamah
Shaykh Mohamed Salamah (Arabic: محمد سلامة), born in 1899 in Musturud, Qalyubia, Egypt, and died in 1982, was a student at Al-Azhar University who memorized the Qur'an and became a Qur'anic reciter at a young age. He fought in the Egyptian Revolution of 1919 against the British. He moved to Palestine after the World War I, before returning to Egypt in the 1930s.

Shaykh Salamah was the only prominent reciter to refuse to record for radio, believing it to be forbidden, until he eventually relented in 1948. In 1937 he participated in a conference of Qur'an reciters which led to the establishment of a Reciters' Association.

He was the mentor of celebrated reciters Kamil Yusuf Al-Bahtimi and Mohamed Siddiq El-Minshawi, both of whom lived and studied in Salamah's home at one point. He also taught other prominent reciters including Sayyid Darwish, Zakariyya Ahmad, and Ali Mahmud.

Sayed Darwish
Sayed Darwish (Arabic: سيد درويش, IPA: [ˈsæjjed dæɾˈwiːʃ]; 17 March 1892 – 14 September 1923) was an Egyptian singer and composer who was considered the father of Egyptian popular music and one of Egypt's greatest musicians and seen by some as its single greatest composer.
Mellifont Abbey
Mellifont Abbey (Irish: An Mhainistir Mhór, literally 'the Big Monastery'), was a Cistercian abbey located close to Drogheda in County Louth, Ireland. It was the first abbey of the order to be built in Ireland. In 1152, it hosted the Synod of Kells-Mellifont. After its dissolution in 1539, the abbey became a private manor house. This saw the signing of the Treaty of Mellifont in 1603 and served as William of Orange's headquarters in 1690 during the Battle of the Boyne.

Today, the ruined abbey is a national monument of Ireland and accessible to the public. The English language name for the monastery, 'Mellifont', comes from the Latin phrase  Melli-fons, meaning 'Font of Honey'.

Synod of Kells
The Synod of Kells (Irish: Sionad Cheanannais, Latin: Kenana Synodus) took place in 1152, under the presidency of Giovanni Cardinal Paparoni, and continued the process begun at the Synod of Ráth Breasail (1111) of reforming the Irish church. The sessions were divided between the abbeys of Kells and Mellifont, and in later times the synod has been called the Synod of Kells-Mellifont and the Synod of Mellifont-Kells.

Its main effect was to increase the number of archbishops from two to four, and to redefine the number and size of dioceses. The Primacy of Ireland was granted to the Archdiocese of Armagh.
Jesus Price Supastar
Jesus Price Supastar is the second solo studio album by American rapper Sean Price of Heltah Skeltah and Boot Camp Clik. Originally planned to be released on September 19, 2006, it was pushed back to October 31, and then was pushed back for the third time, to a final release date on January 30, 2007. Duck Down Music CEO Drew "Dru-Ha" Friedman stated, "We all just decided together that the extra time would do us right for promotions and raising awareness".

Production was handled by 9th Wonder, Khrysis, 10 for the Triad, Illmind, MoSS, P.F. Cuttin' and Tommy Tee. It features guest appearances from Rock, Buckshot, Block McCloud, Chaundon, Flood, Phonte, Ruste Juxx, Sadat X, Skyzoo, Steele and the Loudmouf Choir.

The album peaked at number 196 on the Billboard 200 and number 60 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States.

Sean Price
Sean Duval Price (March 17, 1972 – August 8, 2015) was an American rapper and member of the hip hop collective Boot Camp Clik. He was one half of the duo Heltah Skeltah, performing under the name Ruck, along with partner Rock.
Geophilus hadesi
Geophilus hadesi is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae. This centipede is a troglobite, spending its entire life cycle in a cave environment. This species and Geophilus persephones are the only two troglobites known in the genus Geophilus and among the few known in the order Geophilomorpha. The species G. hadesi is named after Hades, god of the underworld in Greek mythology and the husband of Persephone, the namesake of the first troglomorphic species (adapted to life in caves) discovered among the soil centipedes. The species G. hadesi has been observed in a cave as far as 1,100 meters below the surface, the deepest underground that any centipede has ever been recorded.

Geophilidae
Geophilidae (from Ancient Greek γεω- (geo-), meaning "earth", and φίλος (phílos), meaning "lover") is a family of soil centipedes in the superfamily Geophiloidea and the order Geophilomorpha. In 2014, a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological and molecular data found this family to be polyphyletic. To avoid this polyphyly, authorities dismissed the families Aphilodontidae, Dignathodontidae, Linotaeniidae, and Macronicophilidae, which are now deemed to be junior synonyms for Geophilidae. Authorities also moved some genera from Geophilidae to form the family Zelanophildae in order to avoid the polyphyly of the family Geophilidae. The family Geophilidae now includes more than 650 species in more than 120 genera. This family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species found almost worldwide.
The Atrocity Exhibition... Exhibit A
The Atrocity Exhibition... Exhibit A is the eighth studio album by American thrash metal band Exodus, released on October 26, 2007. It is the second album to feature Rob Dukes on vocals and Lee Altus on guitars, and it also marks the second comeback of longtime original Exodus drummer Tom Hunting. Hunting's last appearance was on the 2004 album Tempo of the Damned.

Gary Holt (guitarist)
Gary Wayne Holt (born May 4, 1964) is an American musician from the San Francisco Bay Area. He is the guitarist and main songwriter for thrash metal band Exodus, and has also been a member of Slayer since 2011, initially joining as a temporary guitarist in place of Jeff Hanneman, and as a permanent guitarist after his death in May 2013.

Loudwire called Holt "arguably the best pure thrash guitarist".
Erland Erlandson
Erland Erlandson (c. 1790 – 1875) was a Danish carpenter and sailor who, after becoming a British prisoner of war during the Napoleonic Wars, joined the Hudson's Bay Company in British North America. Despite his poor English, his intelligence and hard work saw him promoted from carpenter to clerk to factor. Along with Nicol Finlayson, he crossed northern Quebec to establish the HBC's Ungava District, an ordeal fictionalized in R. M. Ballantyne's 1857 adventure novel Ungava. In 1834, misled by his Indigenous guides, he became the first known European to cross the Labrador Peninsula. He also established several outposts in the interior, including the successful Fort Nascopie, but, effectively barred from further promotion owing to his low and foreign birth, he eventually retired to a homestead in Canada West (present-day Ontario). Having never married, his large estate—usually credited by Canadian historians to two bank thefts—was mostly left to the Toronto General Hospital.

George River (Quebec)
George River (Inuktitut: Kangirsualujjuap Kuunga, 'River of the Great Bay'; Naskapi: Mushuan Shipu, 'River without Trees'; Innu: Metsheshu Shipu, 'Eagle River'), formerly the East or George's River, is a river in northeastern Quebec, Canada, that flows from Lake Jannière mainly north to Ungava Bay.

The George is a big and wide river. It offers relatively easy and inexpensive access to Ungava Bay, compared to other major rivers of this area, making it popular for canoe camping trips.
Château d'Anet
The Château d'Anet is a château near Dreux, in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France, built by Philibert de l'Orme from 1547 to 1552 for Diane de Poitiers, the mistress of Henry II of France. It was built on the former château at the center of the domains of Diane's deceased husband, Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, Marshal of Normandy and Master of the Hunt.

The château is especially noted for its exterior, notably the Fountain of Diana, a statue of Diane de Poitiers as Diana, goddess of the hunt, and the Nymph of Anet, a relief by Benvenuto Cellini over the portal. Anet was the site of one of the first Italianate parterre gardens centered on the building's façade in France; the garden designer in charge was Jacques Mollet, who trained his son at Anet, Claude Mollet, destined to become royal gardener to three French kings.

Eure-et-Loir
Eure-et-Loir (French pronunciation: [œʁ‿e lwaʁ], locally: [øʁ‿e lwaʁ]) is a French department, named after the Eure and Loir rivers. It is located in the region of Centre-Val de Loire. In 2019, Eure-et-Loir had a population of 431,575.
Sultanate of Egypt
The Sultanate of Egypt (Arabic: السلطنة المصرية, romanized: Al-Salṭana Al-Miṣrīyya) was a British protectorate in Egypt which existed from 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, to 1922, when it ceased to exist as a result of the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence.

Fuad I of Egypt
Fuad I (Arabic: فؤاد الأول Fu’ād al-Awwal; 26 March 1868 – 28 April 1936) was the Sultan and later King of Egypt and the Sudan. The ninth ruler of Egypt and Sudan from the Muhammad Ali dynasty, he became Sultan in 1917, succeeding his elder brother Hussein Kamel. He replaced the title of Sultan with King when the United Kingdom unilaterally declared Egyptian independence in 1922.
Gordon Coppuck
Gordon Coppuck (born 8 December 1936 in Fleet, Hampshire) is a British racing car designer who was chief designer for McLaren and later worked for March and co-founded Spirit.

Born in December 1936, he attended Queen Mary's School for Boys before becoming an apprentice at the National Gas Turbine Establishment (NGTE). In 1965 he followed his ex NGTE colleague Robin Herd to McLaren, working as his assistant.
In 1971 he became chief designer at McLaren, responsible for various models including the Indianapolis 500 M16 and world championship winning M23. When McLaren merged with Ron Dennis's Project Four in 1980, Coppuck departed, rejoining Herd at March. The following year he founded Spirit with March's Formula Two team manager John Wickham. Spirit raced in Formula Two and then Formula One before Coppuck returned to March. Coppuck's nephew Frank Coppuck is also a racing car designer.

Queen Mary's School for Boys, Basingstoke
Queen Mary's School for Boys (QMSB) was a maintained (state funded) grammar school in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England for boys aged 11–18.  The school existed between 1556 and 1970 and was latterly funded by the Hampshire County Council Education Authority.
Analog Future
Analog Future (stylised as ANALOG_FUTURE) is the first live album by Australian heavy metal band Northlane. It was released on 16 March 2018 through UNFD. It was recorded between August–December 2017, during their Mesmer World Tour.

The album had a limited edition vinyl release of only 500 copies.

Northlane
Northlane are an Australian metalcore band from Blacktown, formed in 2009. The band comprises guitarists Jon Deiley and Josh Smith, drummer Nic Pettersen and vocalist Marcus Bridge. Northlane have released six studio albums: Discoveries (11 November 2011); Singularity (22 March 2013), which reached No. 3 on the ARIA Albums Chart; Node (24 July 2015), a number-one album; Mesmer (24 March 2017), Alien (2 August 2019) and Obsidian (22 April 2022). At the ARIA Music Awards of 2015 the group won the Best Hard Rock or Heavy Metal Album category for their album Node. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2017, the band won again with Mesmer. The band won the Best Hard Rock or Heavy Metal Album category for the third time at the ARIA Music Awards of 2019 for their 2019 album Alien.
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in Marin County.

Established in 1852, and opening in 1854, San Quentin is the oldest prison in California. The state's only death row for male inmates, the largest in the United States, was located at the prison. Its gas chamber has not been used since 1993, and its lethal injection chamber was last used in 2006. The prison has been featured on film, radio drama, video, podcast, and television; is the subject of many books; has hosted concerts; and has housed many notorious inmates.

San Quentin, California
San Quentin (Spanish: San Quintín, meaning "St. Quentin") is a small unincorporated community in Marin County, California, United States. It is located west of Point San Quentin, at an elevation of 30 feet (9.1 meters).
Four States, West Virginia
Four States is an unincorporated community in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. Four States is located along a railroad line northwest of Worthington. Four States has a post office with ZIP code 26572.

The community was named for the fact the proprietor owned mines in four U.S. states.

Marion County, West Virginia
Marion County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 56,205 and its county seat is Fairmont. The county was named in honor of General Francis Marion (ca. 1732–1795), known to history as "The Swamp Fox". Marion County comprises the Fairmont, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger Morgantown–Fairmont, WV Combined Statistical Area.
Caddie
In golf, a caddie (or caddy) is a companion to the player, providing both practical support and strategic guidance on the course. Caddies are responsible for carrying the player’s bag, managing clubs, and assisting with basic course maintenance like repairing divots and raking bunkers. Caddies may also offer insight on course strategy, such as club selection, reading greens, and evaluating weather conditions.

Other nicknames for the role are looper or jock.

Golf equipment
Golf equipment encompasses the various items that are used to play the sport of golf.  Types of equipment include the golf ball, golf clubs, golf divot tool, golf ball marker and devices that aid in the sport.
Paisley Abbey
Paisley Abbey is a parish church of the Church of Scotland on the east bank of the White Cart Water in the centre of the town of Paisley, Renfrewshire, about 7 miles (11 kilometres) west of Glasgow, in Scotland. Replacing a church of the 8th century, the abbey church was founded as a Cluniac priory in 1163, with the present Gothic building dating from the 14th and 19th centuries. Following the Reformation in the 16th century, it became a Church of Scotland parish kirk.

River Cart
The River Cart is a tributary of the River Clyde, Scotland, which it joins from the west roughly midway between the towns of Erskine and Renfrew and opposite the town of Clydebank.

The River Cart itself is very short, being formed from the confluence of the Black Cart Water (from the west) and the White Cart Water (from the south east) and is only 3⁄4 mile (1.2 kilometres) long. The River Cart and its tributary the White Cart Water were navigable as far as the Seedhill Craigs at Paisley; and, as with the River Clyde, various improvements were made to this river navigation.

In 1840 the 1⁄2-mile (800-metre) Forth and Cart Canal was opened, linking the Forth and Clyde Canal, at Whitecrook near Clydebank, to the River Clyde, opposite the mouth of the River Cart.  The aim was to provide a direct link between Paisley, Port Dundas, Edinburgh, and the Firth of Forth.
Fredericksburg Independent School District
Fredericksburg Independent School District is a public school district based in Fredericksburg, Texas (USA).

In addition to Fredericksburg, the district serves the unincorporated communities of Stonewall, Luckenbach, Willow City, and Albert. Located in Gillespie County, small portions of the district extend into Blanco and Kendall counties.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

Fredericksburg, Texas
Fredericksburg is a city in and the county seat of Gillespie County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 Census, this city had a population of 10,875.

Fredericksburg was founded in 1846 and named after Prince Frederick of Prussia. Old-time German residents often referred to Fredericksburg as Fritztown, a nickname that is still used in some businesses. It is located 70 miles northwest of San Antonio, and approximately 80 miles west of Austin. This city is also notable as the center of Texas German, a dialect spoken by the first generations of German settlers who initially refused to learn English. Fredericksburg shares many cultural characteristics with New Braunfels, which had been established by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels the previous year. Fredericksburg is the birthplace of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz. It is the sister city of Montabaur, Germany. On October 14, 1970, the Fredericksburg Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas.