hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Athens, Kentucky
Athens (locally /ˈeɪθənz/ AY-thənz) is a small unincorporated village in Fayette County to the east of Interstate 75 in Kentucky in the United States.

First settled in 1786 as the community of Cross Plains, the town was chartered as Athens in 1826 and had its own post office from that time until 1906. The current commercial center was reduced to its present size by a series of fires in the mid-19th century.

Fayette County, Kentucky
Fayette County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Kentucky and is consolidated with the city of Lexington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 322,570, making it the second-most populous county in the commonwealth. Since 1974, its territory, population and government have been shared with Lexington. Fayette County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
ARWEN 37
The ARWEN 37 is a less-lethal launcher which fires a variety of 37mm less-lethal munitions which includes direct impact batons, chemical irritant delivery munitions and smoke delivery munitions. The ARWEN 37 has 5-round rotary drum magazine.

Riot gun
In current usage, a riot gun or less-lethal launcher is a type of firearm used to fire "non-lethal" or "less-lethal" ammunition for the purpose of suppressing riots or apprehending suspects with minimal harm or risk. Less-lethal launchers may be special purpose firearms designed for riot control use, or standard firearms, usually shotguns and grenade launchers, adapted for riot control use with appropriate ammunition. The ammunition is most commonly found in 12 gauge (18.5 mm/.729 inch) shotguns and 37mm (1.46 inch) or 40 mm (1.57 inch) grenade launchers.

In the United States, the term riot gun more commonly refers to a riot shotgun.
Jinhan confederacy
Jinhan (Korean: 진한; pronounced [tɕin.ɦan]) was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BCE to the 4th century CE in the southern Korean peninsula, to the east of the Nakdong River valley, Gyeongsang Province. Jinhan was one of the Samhan (or "Three Hans"), along with Byeonhan and Mahan. Apparently descending from the Jin state of southern Korea, Jinhan was absorbed by the later Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

Hyeokgeose of Silla
Hyeokgeose (69 BC – 4 AD, r. 57 BC–4 AD), also known by his personal full name as Bak (Park, Pak) Hyeokgeose (朴赫居世), was the founding monarch of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the progenitor of all Bak (Park) clans in Korea.
Colorado State Highway 11
State Highway 11 (SH 11) is a 1.35-mile-long (2.17 km) long north–south state highway in the U.S. state of Colorado. It runs from U.S. Highway 138 (US 138) and US 385 in Julesburg to the Nebraska state line.

U.S. Route 138
U.S. Highway 138 (US 138), commissioned in 1926, is an east–west U.S. Highway in Colorado and Nebraska that travels predominantly northeast to southwest, paralleling the South Platte River and Interstate 76 (I-76). Similarly to the spurs of the former US 66 and US 99, US 138 is an orphan route. US 38 was commissioned in 1926, but US 6 was extended over it to Long Beach, California (it was subsequently truncated to Bishop, California in 1964). Therefore, US 138 still meets its former parent route's path.
James L. Alcorn
James Lusk Alcorn (November 4, 1816 – December 19, 1894) was a governor, and U.S. senator during the Reconstruction era in Mississippi. A Moderate Republican and Whiggish "scalawag", he engaged in a bitter rivalry with Radical Republican Adelbert Ames, who defeated him in the 1873 gubernatorial race. Alcorn was the first elected Republican governor of Mississippi.

Although a Unionist, Alcorn briefly served as a Confederate brigadier-general of the Mississippi Militia. Among former Confederates who joined the postbellum Republican Party, only James Longstreet had been of higher rank than Alcorn.

Coahoma County, Mississippi
Coahoma County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,390. Its county seat is Clarksdale. The Clarksdale, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Coahoma County. It is located in the Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi. In 2023, the Clarksdale, Mississippi Micropolitan area was added to form the new Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area. The Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area has a population of roughly 1.4 million.
Detroit station
Detroit station is an intermodal transit station in Detroit, Michigan. Located in New Center, the facility currently serves Amtrak and QLine streetcars. It also serves as a stop for Greyhound Lines, Detroit Department of Transportation buses, SMART and buses. Baltimore Street station, in the median of Woodward Avenue, serves streetcars to Midtown and Downtown. It is located at the southwest corner of Woodward and West Baltimore Avenues. Amtrak's Wolverine line serves an elevated platform at the main building.

Ann Arbor–Detroit Regional Rail
Ann Arbor–Detroit Regional Rail (also known as MiTrain and formerly known as SEMCOG Commuter Rail) is a proposed commuter rail service along the Michigan Line between the cities of Ann Arbor and Detroit, Michigan, a total length of 39.72 miles (63.92 km).  The project would connect with a proposed Detroit bus rapid transit service and the QLine streetcar.
River's End (1940 film)
River's End is a 1940 American Western film directed by Ray Enright and starring Dennis Morgan, Elizabeth Inglis (credited as Elizabeth Earl) and George Tobias. It is an adaptation of the 1919 novel The River's End by James Oliver Curwood, which had previously been made into 1920 and 1930 films. It is also known by the alternative title, Double Identity.

The film is a Northern in which a Royal Northwest Mounted Police officer tracks an escaped convict, but eventually believes in his innocence.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Esdras Hartley.

Northern (genre)
The Northern or Northwestern is a genre in various arts that tell stories set primarily in the late 19th or early 20th century in the north of North America, primarily in western Canada but also in Alaska. It is similar to the Western genre, but certain elements are different, as appropriate to its setting. It is common for the central character to be a Mountie instead of a cowboy or sheriff. Other common characters include fur trappers and traders, lumberjacks, frontiersmen, prospectors, First Nations people, outlaws, settlers, and townsfolk.

International interest in the region and the genre was fuelled by the Klondike Gold Rush (1896–99) and subsequent works surrounding it, fiction and non-fiction. The genre was extremely popular in the interwar period of the 20th century. Northerns are still produced, but their popularity waned in the late 1950s.
Lafayette School Corporation
The Lafayette School Corporation administers three high schools, one intermediate school, one junior high school and eight elementary schools in Lafayette, Indiana.  Its administrative offices are at 2300 Cason Street in Lafayette, Indiana.

It covers much of, though not all of, Lafayette.

Lafayette, Indiana
Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. The population was 70,783 at the 2020 census. It sits across the Wabash River from West Lafayette, home to Purdue University, which plays a major role in both communities. Together, Lafayette and West Lafayette make up the core of the Lafayette metropolitan area, home to 235,066 people in 2020.

Lafayette was founded in 1825 on the southeast bank of the Wabash River near where the river becomes impassable for riverboats upstream, though a French fort and trading post had existed since 1717 on the opposite bank and three miles downstream. It was named for the French general Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War hero. Lafayette is 63 miles (101 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 125 miles (201 km) southeast of Chicago.
Caroline Birley
Caroline Birley (16 November 1851 – 15 February 1907) was an English geologist, fossil collector and children's author. As a geologist, she was noteworthy, not so much for the scientific value of her collection, but for the regard with which she was held in a predominately male profession. Her interest in geology started with stones she collected as a child and her enthusiasm continued until her death.

Francis Birley
Francis Hornby Birley (14 March 1850 – 1 August 1910) was an English footballer who played as a half back. He won the FA Cup three times in the 1870s and made two appearances for England in 1874 and 1875.
Smith River National Recreation Area
Smith River National Recreation Area is a protected area located in northwestern California, United States. The national recreation area is in Six Rivers National Forest and is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Created by Congress in 1990, Smith River National Recreation Area meets the northern border of Redwood National and State Parks.

The Klamath Mountains and the Smith River, one of the longest National Wild and Scenic Rivers in the U.S., offer a variety of recreational opportunities. The National Recreation Area has five campgrounds located near major streams and along the Smith River. It is considered one of the best fishing regions in the country, and rafting and canoeing are popular activities. Most hiking trails are accessible year-round, but all activities may be greatly affected by periodic heavy rainfall that swells creeks and rivers.

Smith River (California)
The Smith River (Tolowa: xaa-wvn’-taa-ghii~-li~’, nii~-li~’ ) flows from the Klamath Mountains to the Pacific Ocean in Del Norte County in extreme northwestern California, on the West Coast of the United States. The river, about 25.1 miles (40.4 km) long, all within Del Norte County, flows through the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest, Six Rivers National Forest, and Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park.
Behavioural change theories
Behavioural change theories are attempts to explain why human behaviours change. These theories cite environmental, personal, and behavioural characteristics as the major factors in behavioural determination. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the application of these theories in the areas of health, education, criminology, energy and international development with the hope that understanding behavioural change will improve the services offered in these areas. Some scholars have recently introduced a distinction between models of behavior and theories of change. Whereas models of behavior are more diagnostic and geared towards understanding the psychological factors that explain or predict a specific behavior, theories of change are more process-oriented and generally aimed at changing a given behavior. Thus, from this perspective, understanding and changing behavior are two separate but complementary lines of scientific investigation.

Theory of planned behavior
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a psychological theory that links beliefs to behavior. The theory maintains that three core components, namely, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, together shape an individual's behavioral intentions. In turn, a tenet of TPB is that behavioral intention is the most proximal determinant of human social behavior.

The theory was elaborated by Icek Ajzen for the purpose of improving the predictive power of the theory of reasoned action (TRA). Ajzen's idea was to include perceived behavioral control in TPB. Perceived behavior control was not a component of TRA. TPB has been applied to studies of the relations among beliefs, attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behaviors in various human domains. These domains include, but are not limited to, advertising, public relations, advertising campaigns, healthcare, sport management consumer/household finance, and sustainability.
Evenstad
Evenstad is a village in Stor-Elvdal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the Glomma river, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the village of Koppang. The small village (it had a population of 77 in 2005 according to StatBank) is surrounded by forests, mountains and lakes. The village is the site of the Evenstad Church.

The Evenstad campus of the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences is located in the village. This campus is where the Faculty of Forestry and Wilderness Management has about 220 students. It is the smallest campus within the university.

In May 1995, the river Glomma flooded which caused some damage in Evenstad.

Evenstad Church
Evenstad Church (Norwegian: Evenstad kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stor-Elvdal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Evenstad. It is one of the churches for the Stor-Elvdal parish which is part of the Sør-Østerdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The brown, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1904 using plans drawn up by the architect Victor Nordan. The church seats about 120 people.
Renault 12Fe
The Renault 12Fe, or 300 CV, is a water-cooled V12 aero engine. The 12Fe was the most produced Renault aircraft engine and powered many French aircraft during World War I and the 1920s.

The 12Fe engines were the result of incremental improvements to Renault's 12F series. Although the 12Fe retained the same cylinder arrangement and displacement as its predecessors, Renault designated it as a separate product, marketing it as the 300 CV. These engines were manufactured in Renault's factories in France and the United Kingdom, with additional licensed production by other French and British manufacturers.

By the end of World War I, 12Fe engines powered the bulk of the French bomber force. Post-war the engine type was selected by many of the first airlines and airmail services. During the 1920's 12Fe engines set new standards for endurance and reliability while aircraft fitted with an experimental turbocharged version of the engine claimed a series of high-altitude records.

Peugeot 8Aa
The Peugeot 8Aa, or L112, is a water-cooled V8 aircraft engine that equipped the Voisin VIII bombers and escort fighters built during World War I.

The engine was designed to meet a 1915 request from the French armament ministry for aero engines capable of long endurance at high altitudes. Peugeot responded to the ministry’s request with a design based on their successful racing car engines. Orders were placed for 250 engines in late 1915 even though the first engine did not complete its 50-hour acceptance test until February 1916.

For an engine of its time period, the Peugeot 8Aa engine has many innovative features, including double overhead camshafts, four valves per cylinder and a dry sump. The engine was noted for having exceptional fuel efficiency, but suffered from poor mechanical reliability. Frequent engine failures lead to the decision, taken in May 1917, to withdraw the Peugeot powered Voisin VIIIs from front line service.
John Watts (Cherokee chief)
John Watts (or Kunokeski; 1750–1808), also known as Young Tassel, was one of the leaders of the Chickamauga Cherokee (or "Lower Cherokee") during the Cherokee–American wars. Watts became particularly active in the fighting after frontiersmen murdered his uncle, Old Tassel (1708–1788).

Willstown (Cherokee town)
Willstown (sometimes Wattstown, or Titsohili, as it sounded in Cherokee) was an important Cherokee town of the late 18th and early 19th century, located in the southwesternmost part of the Cherokee Nation, in what is now DeKalb County, Alabama. It was near Lookout or Little Wills Creek. It was in Wills Valley, which also incorporated Big Wills Creek. This was within the territory of the Lower Creek, who had crossed into this area in an effort to avoid European-American encroachment.

Willstown was one of the trading centers along the Native American trading path in the region; it was also called the Creek Path. The town site overlapped the boundaries of present-day DeKalb and Etowah counties in Alabama.

Willstown was largely abandoned after most of the Cherokee were forcibly removed from the region by United States forces in the late 1830s. The city of Ft. Payne, Alabama developed nearby around the fort of the same name, built to intern the Cherokee before their removal.
CDMA subscriber identity module
A CDMA subscriber identity module (CSIM) is an application to support CDMA2000 phones that runs on a UICC, with a file structure derived from the R-UIM card. By porting the application to the UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card), a card with CSIM, SIM, and USIM can operate with all major cellular technologies worldwide. The CSIM application allows users to change phones by simply removing the smart card from one mobile phone and inserting it into another mobile phone or broadband telephony device supporting the CDMA2000 radio interface.

Universal integrated circuit card
The universal integrated circuit card (UICC) is the physical smart card (integrated circuit card) used in mobile terminals in 2G (GSM), 3G (UMTS), 4G (LTE), and 5G networks. The UICC ensures the integrity and security of all kinds of personal data, and it typically holds a few hundred kilobytes.

The official definition for UICC is found in ETSI TR 102 216, where it is defined as a "smart card that conforms to the specifications written and maintained by the ETSI Smart Card Platform project". In addition, the definition has a note that states that "UICC is neither an abbreviation nor an acronym".

NIST SP 800-101 Rev. 1 and NIST Computer Security Resource Center Glossary state that, "A UICC may be referred to as a SIM, USIM, RUIM or CSIM, and is used interchangeably with those terms", though this is an over-simplification. The primary component of a UICC is a SIM card.
Fondements de la Géometrie Algébrique
Fondements de la Géometrie Algébrique (FGA) is a book that collected together seminar notes of Alexander Grothendieck. It is an 
important source for his pioneering work on scheme theory, which laid foundations for algebraic geometry in its modern technical developments. 
The title is a translation of the title of André Weil's book Foundations of Algebraic Geometry.
It contained material on descent theory, and existence theorems including that for the Hilbert scheme. The Technique de descente et théorèmes d'existence en géometrie algébrique is one series of seminars within FGA.

Like the bulk of Grothendieck's work of the IHÉS period, duplicated notes were circulated, but the publication was not as a conventional book.

Descent (mathematics)
In mathematics, the idea of descent extends the intuitive idea of 'gluing' in topology. Since the topologists' glue is the use of equivalence relations on topological spaces, the theory starts with some ideas on identification.
FloraBase
FloraBase is a public access web-based database of the flora of Western Australia.  It provides authoritative scientific information on 12,978 taxa, including descriptions, maps, images, conservation status and nomenclatural details. 1,272 alien taxa (naturalised weeds) are also recorded.

The system takes data from datasets including the Census of Western Australian Plants and the Western Australian Herbarium specimen database of more than 803,000 vouchered plant collections.  It is operated by the Western Australian Herbarium within the Department of Parks and Wildlife. It was established in November 1998.

In its distribution guide it uses a combination of IBRA version 5.1 and John Stanley Beard's botanical provinces.

Western Australian Herbarium
The Western Australian Herbarium is the state Herbarium, situated in Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It houses a collection of more than 845,000 dried specimens of plants, algae, bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts), lichens, fungi and slime moulds gathered from 1770 to today throughout Western Australia and from across the globe.

It is part of the Government of Western Australia's Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, and has responsibility for the description and documentation of the flora of Western Australia. It has the Index Herbariorum code of PERTH.

The herbarium forms part of the Australasian Virtual Herbarium. The Herbarium's collection represents the work of over 13,000 collectors, encompassing more than 500 surveys and 180 studies across Western Australia. It is linked to the Western Australian 'Regional Herbaria Network' – which links approximately 84 regional community groups which have local reference collections.
Pannota
Pannota is a suborder of mayflies. One of the differences between this suborder and its sister group Schistonota concerns the degree of fusion of the wing pads in the final-stage nymph; in Schistonota, the degree of fusion along the mesothorax is more than half the fore-wing length while in Pannota the degree of fusion is less than half that length. Other differences between the two groups include the morphology of the gills and also behavioural differences. Schistonota nymphs are mostly active swimmers, burrowers and sprawlers, while Pannota nymphs are more passive, slow-moving crawlers.

The following superfamilies and families are recognised:

Superfamily Caenoidea
Baetiscidae
Caenidae
Neoephemeridae
Prosopistomatidae

Superfamily Ephemerelloidea
Ephemerellidae
Leptohyphidae
Tricorythidae

Ephemerelloidea
Ephemerelloidea is a superfamily of mayflies in the suborder Pannota. It is a basal group of mayflies with a worldwide distribution. Members of this super-family can be distinguished from those of Caenoidea by the fact that the gills of the nymphs are not filamentous.

The following families are recognised:

Ephemerellidae

Leptohyphidae

Tricorythidae
Basarbovo Ridge
Basarbovo Ridge (Bulgarian: Басарбовски рид, ‘Basarbovski Rid’ \ba-'sar-bov-ski 'rid\) is the ice-covered ridge rising to 1421 m on the east side of the Stribog Mountains on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  It extends 10.4 km from Taran Plateau to the northwest to Bov Point to the southeast.  It has steep and partly ice-free southwest slopes, and surmounts Malpighi Glacier to the southwest and Svetovrachene Glacier to the northeast.

The ridge is named after the settlement of Basarbovo in Northeastern Bulgaria.

Svetovrachene Glacier
Svetovrachene Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Световрачене, romanized: lednik Svetovrachene, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik svɛtoˈvrat͡ʃɛnɛ]) is the 7.5 km long and 4 km wide glacier on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica situated northeast of lower Malpighi Glacier, southeast of Laënnec Glacier and south of Mitev Glacier.  It drains the east and south slopes of Taran Plateau and the south slopes of Avroleva Heights, flows southeastwards between Basarbovo Ridge and Einthoven Hill, and enters Pampa Passage northeast of Bov Point.

The glacier is named after the settlement of Svetovrachene in Western Bulgaria.