hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
White-eared catbird
The white-eared catbird (Ailuroedus buccoides) is a species of bird in the family Ptilonorhynchidae found on New Guinea and the West Papuan Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

Martin Irestedt and colleagues examined the white-eared catbird species complex genetically and found there were three distinct lineages: the white-eared catbird (Ailuroedus buccoides) proper of the Bird's Head (Vogelkop) Peninsula, the ochre-breasted catbird (Ailuroedus stonii) of the southern lowlands of New Guinea, and tan-capped catbird (Ailuroedus geislerorum) of the northern lowlands of New Guinea. In 2016, the ochre-breasted catbird and the tan-capped catbird were split from the white-eared catbird as separate species.

Ochre-breasted catbird
The ochre-breasted catbird (Ailuroedus stonii) is a species of bird in the family Ptilonorhynchidae. It is found in southern New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Until 2016, the ochre-breasted catbird was considered conspecific with the white-eared catbird. Martin Irestedt and colleagues examined the white-eared catbird species complex genetically and found there were three distinct lineages: the white-eared catbird (Ailuroedus buccoides) proper of the Bird's Head (Vogelkop) Peninsula, the ochre-breasted catbird (Ailuroedus stonii) of  the southern lowlands of New Guinea, and tan-capped catbird (Ailuroedus geislerorum) of the northern lowlands of New Guinea.
George B. Turner
George Benton Turner (June 27, 1899 – June 29, 1963) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in World War II.

Wentworth Military Academy and College
Wentworth Military Academy and College was a private two-year military college and high school in Lexington, Missouri, one of six military junior colleges in the United States. The institution was founded in 1880 and closed in 2017.
Marvin Cottage
Marvin Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake, town of North Elba in Essex County, New York.  It was built about 1900 and is a two-story wood frame dwelling with a gable roof that extends from the front of the house to create a verandah. It features a large, gabled cure porch dormer and a second floor sleeping porch.  It was operated as a private, non-nursing sanatorium.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.  It is located in the Helen Hill Historic District.

Helen Hill Historic District
Helen Hill Historic District is a national historic district located at Saranac Lake, Essex County and Franklin County, New York.  It encompasses 77 contributing buildings and 38 contributing structures in a predominantly residential section of Saranac Lake.  It developed between about 1856 and 1954, and includes notable examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. The district is characterized by many cottages retaining the "cure porches" that distinguished the area's early days as a sanitarium. Located in the district are the separately listed Bogie Cottage, Coulter Cottage, Fallon Cottage Annex, Hill Cottage, Hooey Cottage, Kennedy Cottage, Lent Cottage, Marvin Cottage, and Noyes Cottage. Other notable buildings include the Cure Cottage Museum (c. 1923) and Mary Prescott Reception Hospital (c. 1905).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
Mounted infantry
Mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching. Unlike cavalry, mounted infantry dismounted to fight on foot.  The original dragoons were essentially mounted infantry. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911), "Mounted rifles are half cavalry, mounted infantry merely specially mobile infantry." Today, with motor vehicles having replaced horses for military transport, the motorized infantry are in some respects successors to mounted infantry.

Motorized infantry
Motorized infantry is infantry that is transported by trucks or other motor vehicles. It is distinguished from mechanized infantry, which is carried in armoured personnel carriers or infantry fighting vehicles, and from light infantry, which can typically operate independently from supporting elements and vehicles for relatively long periods and may be airborne.
Leica minilux
The Leica minilux is the first in a series of four luxury titanium-clad point and shoot cameras that were produced by Leica Camera starting from 1995; it is equipped with a high-quality lens and body to compete with similar premium compact cameras produced during the Japanese bubble-economy era, including the Contax T line, Konica Hexar, Nikon 28Ti/35Ti, Minolta TC-1, Ricoh GR series, and Rollei QZ 35W/35T. All of the cameras in the minilux series, including the original minilux (released in 1995), Leica minilux zoom (1998), Leica CM (2004), and Leica CM ZOOM (also 2004) used 35 mm film; the minilux and CM were equipped with the same Leica Summarit lens (f=40 mm f/2.4), while the minilux zoom and CM Zoom were equipped with a Vario-Elmar lens (f=35~70 mm f/3.5~6.5).

Contax T
The Contax T is a line of compact film cameras made by Kyocera for their Contax brand from 1984 through 2002. The T, T2, and T3 models use 35 mm film and have a fixed 35 mm wide-angle lens. The T-VS, T-VS II, and T-VS III also use 35 mm film but have a 28–56 mm lens. The Tix uses APS film and has a fixed 28 mm wide-angle lens. The TVS Digital is a 5 MP digital camera with a 35–105 mm (equivalent) lens.

In 2005, Kyocera sold its camera business to Cosina and announced it would cease all activity related to the manufacture of Contax cameras at the end of the year.
Mosque Keizerstraat
The Mosque Keizerstraat (Dutch: Moskee Keizerstraat), officially known as the Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam Mosque  Keizerstraat, is a mosque and the headquarters of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement (Surinaamse Islamitische Vereniging), located in Paramaribo, Suriname. The mosque is situated in the Keizerstraat, adjacent to the Neveh Shalom Synagogue.

Neveh Shalom Synagogue
The Neveh Shalom Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת נווה שלום, lit. 'House of Peace'; Dutch: Synagoge Neve Shalom) is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Paramaribo, Suriname. The congregation was established as an Orthodox community who worshipped in the Ashkenazi rite.
Kendrick mass
The Kendrick mass is defined by setting the mass of a chosen molecular fragment, typically CH2, to an integer value in Da (dalton). It is different from the IUPAC definition, which is based on setting the mass of 12C isotope to exactly 12 u. The Kendrick mass is often used to identify homologous compounds differing only by a number of base units in high resolution mass spectra. This definition of mass was first suggested in 1963 by chemist Edward Kendrick, and it has been adopted by scientists working in the area of high-resolution mass spectrometry, environmental analysis, proteomics, petroleomics, metabolomics, polymer analysis, etc.

Mass spectrum
A mass spectrum is a histogram plot of intensity vs. mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) in a chemical sample, usually acquired using an instrument called a mass spectrometer. Not all mass spectra of a given substance are the same; for example, some mass spectrometers break the analyte molecules into fragments; others observe the intact molecular masses with little fragmentation. A mass spectrum can represent many different types of information based on the type of mass spectrometer and the specific experiment applied. Common fragmentation processes for organic molecules are the McLafferty rearrangement and alpha cleavage. Straight chain alkanes and alkyl groups produce a typical series of peaks: 29 (CH3CH2+), 43 (CH3CH2CH2+), 57 (CH3CH2CH2CH2+), 71 (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2+) etc.
Songs People Actually Liked – Volume 2 – The Next 6 Years (2004–2009)
Songs People Actually Liked – Volume 2 – The Next 6 Years (2004–2009) is a compilation album by American pop-punk band Bowling for Soup, released on August 25, 2023. It is the band's second rerecorded greatest hits album, after the first volume in 2015. Volume 2 includes 14 rerecorded songs from their albums A Hangover You Don't Deserve (2004), The Great Burrito Extortion Case (2006), and Sorry for Partyin' (2009).

It is the last Bowling for Soup album to feature Chris Burney on lead guitar, as the band announced his retirement in 2025.

Jaret Reddick
Jaret Ray Reddick (born March 6, 1972)  is an American musician and voice actor. He is the lead vocalist, guitarist, and primary songwriter of the pop-punk band Bowling for Soup. He also voices Danny from Phineas and Ferb and has voiced Chuck E. Cheese since 2012.
Kam Hing Wai
Kam Hing Wai (Chinese: 錦慶圍) is a walled village located in the Kam Tin area of Yuen Long District, in Hong Kong. Three other walled villages; Kat Hing Wai, Wing Lung Wai, and Tai Hong Wai) are located nearby and were built around the same time.

Kam Tin
Kam Tin, or Kam Tin Heung, is an area in the New Territories, Hong Kong. It lies on a flat alluvial plain north of Tai Mo Shan mountain and east of Yuen Long town. It was formerly known as Sham Tin (岑田). Administratively, it is part of Yuen Long District.

Many of Kam Tin's residents are from the Tang Clan, who are of the Punti culture, not Hakka as is often misattributed.
Mosaic (genetics)
Mosaicism or genetic mosaicism is a condition in which a multicellular organism possesses more than one genetic line as the result of genetic mutation. This means that various genetic lines resulted from a single fertilized egg. Mosaicism is one of several possible causes of chimerism, wherein a single organism is composed of cells with more than one distinct genotype.

Genetic mosaicism can result from many different mechanisms including chromosome nondisjunction, anaphase lag, and endoreplication. Anaphase lagging is the most common way by which mosaicism arises in the preimplantation embryo. Mosaicism can also result from a mutation in one cell during development, in which case the mutation will be passed on only to its daughter cells (and will be present only in certain adult cells). Somatic mosaicism is not generally inheritable as it does not generally affect germ cells.

Nondisjunction
Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Fertilization

Zygote

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). There are three forms of nondisjunction: failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I, failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II, and failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis. Nondisjunction results in daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy).

Calvin Bridges and Thomas Hunt Morgan are credited with discovering nondisjunction in Drosophila melanogaster sex chromosomes in the spring of 1910, while working in the Zoological Laboratory of Columbia University. Proof of the chromosome theory of heredity emerged from these early studies of chromosome non-disjunction.
Gold of Taranto
The Gold of Taranto (Ori di Taranto) refers to a collection of jewellery from the Hellenistic and 
Roman periods. The jewels include gold rings, earrings, and bracelets. The collection is not from a single site or excavation, but several separate finds in the region. It is now in the National Archaeological Museum of Taranto in Italy.
The collection has been displayed in various parts of the world.

The collection includes:

Diadem from Canosa di Puglia in gold and semi-precious stones with floral motifs decoration;

Lion head earrings;

Boat shaped earrings;

Nutcracker;

Silver case from Canosa shaped like a shell.

The pieces represent the historical craftsmanship and the techniques used in Magna Graecia, the coastal areas of Southern Italy, between the 4th and 1st centuries BC.

National Archaeological Museum of Taranto
The National Archaeological Museum of Taranto (MArTA) is an Italian museum in Taranto, Italy. It exhibits one of the largest collections of artifacts from the Magna Graecia, including the Gold of Taranto.

The museum is operated by the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities of Italy.
François Poulin de Francheville
François Poulin de Francheville, Seigneur de Saint-Maurice (7 October 1692 – November 1733) was a Montreal merchant who was granted permission by the King of France to mine the iron ore deposits on his seigneury in 1730.  In 1730, Francheville founded the Compagnie des Forges de Saint-Maurice, but he died three years later.

The ironworks — Forges du St-Maurice — built near the town of Trois-Rivières (in present-day Quebec), were the only iron industry enterprise in New France. In 1736, the ironworks were taken over by a company that went bankrupt in 1741. The ironworks then became the property of the Crown, and began producing artillery pieces and objects of everyday use, such as pots and stoves.

Francheville had bequeathed ownership of his slave, Marie-Joseph Angélique, to his wife; the following year, Angélique was convicted for starting the 1734 fire of Montreal.

Marie-Joseph Angélique
Marie-Josèphe dite Angélique (ca. 1705-June 21, 1734) was a Madeira-born black slave, who lived in New France in the early 1700s and was executed for an act of arson in Montreal in 1734. Her original name is unknown - Marie-Josèphe dite Angélique was the name given her by her last enslavers. She was tried and convicted of setting fire to her enslaver's home, burning much of what is now referred to as Old Montreal. For long, it was generally accepted that Angélique was guilty of the act of arson, but recently historians argued that she was innocent of the crime and was convicted more on the basis of her reputation as a rebellious slave prone to running away than on the basis of factual evidence.  A competing theory is that she was guilty of the crime but was acting in rebellion against enslavement.  Historians have not reached a consensus regarding Angélique's guilt or innocence.
Austerby
Austerby is a suburb and street in Bourne, Lincolnshire. While it was formerly a separate village, over the years it was absorbed into Bourne as the town grew. Today, Bourne Austerby is a local government ward, with a total population of 8,038 in the 2021 census.

Bourne, Lincolnshire
Bourne is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the eastern slopes of the limestone Kesteven Uplands and the western edge of the Fens, 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Stamford, 12 miles (19 km) west of Spalding and 17 miles (27 km) north of Peterborough. The population at the 2011 census was 14,456. A 2019 estimate put it at 16,780.
RMS Ophir
RMS Ophir was an Orient Steam Navigation Company (Orient Line) steam ocean liner that was built in 1891 and scrapped in 1922. Her regular route was between London and Sydney via the Suez Canal, Colombo and Melbourne.

In 1901 she was the royal yacht HMS Ophir, taking the then Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York on a tour of the British Empire. From 1915 to 1919 she again served in the Royal Navy, this time as an armed merchant cruiser. After the First World War she was laid up, and in 1922 she was scrapped.

Joseph Jenkins (diarist)
Joseph Jenkins (27 February 1818 – 26 September 1898), was an educated tenant farmer from Tregaron, Ceredigion, mid-Wales who, when aged over 50, suddenly deserted his home and large family to seek his fortune in Australia. The Australian Dictionary of Biography says that "Jenkins's noteworthiness stemmed from the rich documentation of his experiences and thoughts that has survived". He was a consistent diarist for 58 years of his life and an award-winning poet, under the bardic name of Amnon II.

He achieved fame posthumously from publication of some excerpts of his Australian writings. The compiler, his grandson Dr William Evans, a Harley Street cardiologist, coined the title Diary of a Welsh Swagman by which name he is familiar to generations of Victoria school students for whom the book became a prescribed history text in 1978.: p xviii
Yamalo-Nenets constituency
The Yamalo-Nenets constituency (No.225) is a Russian legislative constituency in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The constituency encompasses the entire territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Dmitry Pogorely, former chief counsel to the Administration of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, who won the open seat left open by the resignation of two-term United Russia deputy Grigory Ledkov in September 2020.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
101st Troop Command
The 101st Troop Command (101st TC) is a troop command of the Puerto Rico Army National Guard. The command provides command and control headquarters, and logistical and administrative support to other units of the Puerto Rico Army National Guard that are not structured under another formation headquarters. It also provides administrative support to units from other formations within Puerto Rico that are stationed a long way from their respective higher headquarters.  Because of this, the command's units, formation, and structure tends to be inconsistent as it changes periodically from time to time as the National Guard or the United States Army needs.

During World War II and on up to the time of the Korean War, the US Army was racially segregated. The 295th, 296th, and 65th Infantry regiments were all formations consisting mostly of Puerto Rican enlisted men and National Guardsmen.

Puerto Rico Army National Guard
The Puerto Rico Army National Guard (PRARNG) — officially designated in Spanish as Guardia Nacional Terrestre de Puerto Rico, but colloquially known as Ejército de la Guardia Nacional de Puerto Rico — is the Army National Guard of the archipelago of Puerto Rico which, together with the Puerto Rico Air National Guard, comprises the Puerto Rico National Guard. PRARNG is the ground-component of the Puerto Rico National Guard under control of the governor of Puerto Rico, currently Pedro Pierluisi, that performs missions equivalent to those of the Army National Guards of the different states of the United States, including ground defense, disaster relief, and control of civil unrest.
The Woggle-Bug (musical)
The Woggle-Bug is a 1905 musical based on the 1904 novel The Marvelous Land of Oz by L. Frank Baum, with book and lyrics by the author and music by Frederic Chapin that opened June 18, 1905 at the Garrick Theater in Chicago under the direction of Frank Smithson, a Shubert Organization employee.  The musical was a major critical and commercial failure, running less than a month. Chapin, however, had proven quite saleable to the publisher, M. Witmark and Sons, and many of the songs were published.  The music director was Frank Pallma.  The surviving sheet music was published by Hungry Tiger Press in 2002.

Princess Ozma
Princess Ozma of Oz, formerly known as Tippetarius, is a fictional character from the Land of Oz, created by American author L. Frank Baum. She appears for the first time in the second Oz book, The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904), and in every Oz book thereafter.
Wassand Hall
Wassand Hall is a large Regency house situated to the west of Hornsea, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, overlooking Hornsea Mere, which is part of its estate. The hall was designated a Grade II* listed building in March 1952 and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England. The Hall contains a collection of 18th and 19th Century paintings, English and Continental Silver, furniture, and a collection of porcelain.

The estate has been in the possession of the Constable family since about 1520. It was rebuilt in 1815 during the Regency period, the original house having been demolished because it had fallen into disrepair. Ownership passed to a widow, Lady Ernestine Strickland-Constable in 1975. Upon her death in 1995, the estate became held by her great-nephew, Rupert Russell, who resides at Wassand Hall with his wife Catherine.

During World War II, the house was requisitioned by the army and was used by the Free French.

Hornsea Mere
Hornsea Mere is the largest freshwater lake in Yorkshire,
England, and lies to the west of Hornsea in the East Riding of Yorkshire. The mere was used as a base for the Royal Naval Air Service and then latterly, the Royal Air Force during the First World War.
Velibor Jonić
Velibor Jonić (Serbian Cyrillic: Велибор Јонић; 12 February 1892 – 17 July 1946) was a Serbian fascist politician and government minister in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia during World War II. He taught at the Military Academy in Belgrade and at the Yugoslav royal court before the war. He was also the secretary-general of Zbor, a Yugoslav fascist movement. He became the Serbian Commissioner of Education on 10 July 1941. He was tried for collaboration by the communists following the war, was sentenced to death and executed in July 1946.

Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
44°49′N 20°27′E﻿ / ﻿44.817°N 20.450°E﻿ / 44.817; 20.450

The Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia (German: Gebiet des Militärbefehlshabers in Serbien; Serbian: Подручје Војног заповедника у Србији, romanized: Područje vojnog zapovednika u Srbiji) was a German-occupied region of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during World War II, encompassing modern Serbia and adjacent areas. The Territory was established in April 1941 following the invasion of Yugoslavia by the German Wehrmacht with other Axis powers, and existed throughout the war in Yugoslavia until the German withdrawal in 1944. The Territory was nominally governed by a Serb puppet government under Nazi control. German forces in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia committed war crimes in their suppression of Yugoslav Partisan activity and perpetrated the Final Solution in Serbia; the Germans were actively aided by Serbian collaborators.
Microsoft Agent
Microsoft Agent was a virtual assistant user interface developed by Microsoft which employs animated characters, text-to-speech engines, and speech recognition software to enhance interaction with computer users. It could be used to present interactions with an intelligent assistant.

It came pre-installed as part of Windows 2000 and later versions of Microsoft Windows up to Windows Vista. It was not included with Windows 7, and was completely discontinued in Windows 8. Microsoft Agent functionality was exposed as an ActiveX control that can be used by web pages.

The theory behind the software came from work on social interfaces by Clifford Nass and Byron Reeves at Stanford's Center for the Study of Language and Information.

Office Assistant
The Office Assistant is a discontinued virtual assistant for Microsoft Office. It assisted users by way of an interactive animated character which interfaced with the Office help content. It was included in Microsoft Office, in Microsoft Publisher, Microsoft Project, and Microsoft FrontPage. It had a wide selection of characters to choose from, with the most well-known being a paperclip called Clippit (commonly referred to by the public as Clippy). The Office Assistant and particularly Clippit have been the subject of numerous criticisms and parodies.