hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Black Bear (chief)
Black Bear (died April 8, 1870) was an Arapaho leader into the 1860s when the Northern Arapaho, like other Native American tribes, were prevented from ranging through their traditional hunting grounds due to settlement by European-Americans who came west during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Conflicts erupted over land and trails used by settlers and miners. A watershed event was the Sand Creek massacre of 1864. This led to the Northern Arapaho joining with other tribes to prevent settlement in their traditional lands. In 1865, Black Bear's village was attacked during the Battle of the Tongue River. People died, lodges were set on fire, and food was ruined, all of which made it difficult for them to survive as a unit. He died during an ambush by white settlers on April 8, 1870, in the Wild Wind Valley of present-day Wyoming.

Powder River Expedition (1865)
This event should not be confused with the Big Horn Expedition during the Black Hills War.

The Powder River Expedition of 1865, also known as the Powder River War or Powder River Invasion, was a large and far-flung military operation of the United States Army against the Lakota Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians in Montana Territory and Dakota Territory. Although soldiers destroyed one Arapaho village and established Fort Connor to protect gold miners on the Bozeman Trail, the expedition is considered a failure because it failed to defeat or intimidate the Indians.
Poecilia kykesis
Poecilia kykesis, also known as the Usumacinta molly, Petén molly, spiketail molly, or swordtail molly, is a poeciliid fish species native to the fresh and brackish waters of Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize. It belongs to the sailfin molly clade, with males exhibiting an enlarged dorsal fin. The species has a complex and controversial naming history, with the former name, Poecilia petenensis, now referring to a short-finned molly species. It is a livebearer sometimes kept in aquaria.

Poecilia
Poecilia is a genus of fishes in the family Poeciliidae of the order Cyprinodontiformes. These livebearers are native to fresh, brackish and, saltwater in the Americas, and some species in the genus are euryhaline. A few have adapted to living in waters that contain high levels of toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and a population of P. mexicana lives in caves (other populations of this species are surface-living).

Some common and widespread species are often kept as aquarium fish, while others have very small ranges and are seriously threatened. Species in Poecilia are called mollies (e. g. P. sphenops) or guppies (e. g. P. reticulata) depending on body shape.

Micropoecilia has been proposed to be included as a subgenus of Poecilia.
Union of Armed Struggle
The Union of Armed Struggle (Polish: Związek Walki Zbrojnej; ZWZ), also translated as the Union for Armed Struggle, Association of Armed Struggle, and Association for Armed Struggle, was a resistance-movement underground army that was formed in Poland following the country's September 1939 invasion by Germany and the Soviet Union that set off World War II. The ZWZ existed from 13 November 1939 until 14 February 1942, when it was renamed the Home Army (Armia Krajowa, or AK).

Stefan Rowecki
Stefan Paweł Rowecki (pseudonym: Grot, "Spearhead", hence the alternate name, Stefan Grot-Rowecki; 25 December 1895 – 2 August 1944) was a Polish general, journalist and the leader of the Armia Krajowa. He was murdered by the Gestapo in prison on the personal order of Heinrich Himmler.
Pilaf
Pilaf (US: /ˈpiːlɑːf/), pilav or pilau (UK: /ˈpiːlaʊ, piːˈlaʊ/) is a rice dish, or in some regions, a wheat dish, whose recipe usually involves cooking in stock or broth, adding spices, and other ingredients such as vegetables, meat, or chicken, and employing some technique for achieving cooked grains that do not adhere.

At the time of the Abbasid Caliphate, such methods of cooking rice at first spread through a vast territory  from South Asia to Spain, and eventually to a wider world. The Spanish paella, and the South Asian pilau or pulao, and biryani, evolved from such dishes.

Pilaf and similar dishes are common to Middle Eastern, West Asian, Balkan, Caribbean, South Caucasian, Central Asian, East African, Eastern European, Latin American, Maritime Southeast Asia, and South Asian cuisines; in these areas, they are regarded as staple dishes.

Orzo
Orzo (/ˈɔːrzoʊ, ˈɔːrtsoʊ/, Italian: [ˈɔrdzo]; lit. 'barley'; from Latin hordeum), also known in Italy as risoni (Italian: [riˈzoːni]; 'large [grains of] rice'), and popular in Greek cuisine as kritharaki  (κριθαράκι), is a form of short-cut pasta shaped like a large grain of rice. Orzo is made from flour, often with semolina.

The name orzo is common for this pasta shape in North America, but less so in Italy, where the word usually means 'barley'.
Chase Ranch
Chase Ranch in Cimarron, New Mexico, was founded in 1867 by Manly and Theresa Chase. As pioneers, from Wisconsin by way of Colorado, they crossed the Raton Pass in a covered wagon and establish a new home in New Mexico. Manly Chase purchased the land from Lucien Maxwell, part of the Maxwell Land Grant. The ranch is near the Ponil Creek, a mile north of the Cimarron River, not far from the Santa Fe Trail. The Ranch included the old Kit Carson homestead. Before the arrival of pioneers, the land was populated by Apaches and Ute people. Manly provided the local Native Americans with beef, creating peaceful coexistence.

Lucien Maxwell
Lucien Bonaparte Maxwell (September 14, 1818 – July 25, 1875) was a mountain man, rancher, scout, and farmer who at one point owned more than 1,700,000 acres (6,900 km2). Along with Thomas Catron and Ted Turner, Maxwell was one of the largest private landowners in United States history. In 1959, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.
Rein Helme
Rein Helme (21 February 1954 – 31 December 2003) was an Estonian military historian and politician. He was born in Pärnu. He graduated from the Faculty of History of the University of Tartu in 1977 and defended his PhD thesis "The Baltic Theater of Military Operations of the Patriotic War of 1812" in 1987. The supervisor was Professor Helmut Piirimäe, and the opponents were Professor Sulev Vahtre from Tartu and Heinrihs Strods from the University of Latvia.

Rein Helme was a member of VII Riigikogu. His older brother is politician Mart Helme and his nephew is politician Martin Helme, who both represent the Conservative People's Party of Estonia.

Mart Helme
Mart Helme ([ˈmɑrt ˈhelme], born 31 October 1949) is an Estonian politician, diplomat and historian who served as the Minister of the Interior from 2019 to 2020. He was the longtime chairman of the national conservative Conservative People's Party of Estonia (EKRE) from 13 April 2013 to 4 July 2020 when he was succeeded by his son Martin Helme.

Helme also served as Estonia's ambassador to Russia from 1995 to 1999. Some media outlets have described him as a right-wing populist.
Sean Lennon
Sean Taro Ono Lennon (Japanese: 小野太郎, Hepburn: Ono Tarō; born October 9, 1975) is a British and American musician. He is the son of musical artists John Lennon and Yoko Ono, and half-brother of Julian Lennon and Kyoko Cox. Over the course of his career, Lennon has been a member of the bands Cibo Matto, The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger, the Claypool Lennon Delirium and his parents' group Plastic Ono Band. Lennon has released three solo albums: Into the Sun (1998), Friendly Fire (2006), and Asterisms (2024). He has produced numerous albums for various artists, including Black Lips and the Plastic Ono Band. Lennon served as executive producer and music producer for One to One: John & Yoko (2024). The film centers on the only full-length post-Beatles concert John Lennon and Yoko Ono performed, the "One to One" benefit show in 1972.

Friendly Fire (2006 film)
Friendly Fire is a 2006 film written and directed by Sean Lennon and Michele Civetta. It accompanies Sean Lennon's 2006 album of the same name (as a DVD). The film comprises 10 music videos, one for each song on the album (with non-album tracks and dialog used during intermission scenes). Friendly Fire stars Lennon himself, playing a wide range of roles along with various friends and actors such as Bijou Phillips, Lindsay Lohan, Carrie Fisher and Jordan Galland. The project is dedicated to Lennon's late friend, Max Leroy (1975–2005).

Friendly Fire was shown publicly during the album's release in the United States at various independent screenings. Occasionally screened with Beck's album-film, The Information (which was released on the same day).
Quest Education Corporation
Quest Education Corporation was a for-profit educational company in the United States, based in Georgia, which was acquired by Kaplan, Inc. in 2000 to become the "Kaplan Higher Education" division of that company.

Kaplan, Inc.
Kaplan, Inc. is an international educational services company that provides educational and training services to colleges, universities, businesses and individuals around the world. Founded in 1938 by Stanley Kaplan, the company offers a variety of test preparation, certifications, and student support services. The company is headquartered in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Graham Holdings Company.
Kleinzee
Kleinzee (IPA: klˈe͡ɪnzi) is a small village on the west coast of Northern Cape province, South Africa, located at the mouth of the Buffels River and just south of Grootmis. It is 72 km southeast of Port Nolloth and 105 km west of Springbok. Previously a closed company town, it was known for its diamond-mining operations until the 2000s.

The Buffels River "flows" through Kleinzee, but most of the time it is just a dry river bed, and only flows with heavy rainfall, approximately once every several years. Bounded by semidesert on three sides and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Kleinzee has a significant underground water table.

Port Nolloth
Port Nolloth is a town and seaport in the Namaqualand region on the northwestern coast of South Africa, 144 kilometres (89 mi) northwest of Springbok. It is the seat of the Richtersveld Local Municipality.

The port was previously a transshipment point for copper from the Okiep mines and diamonds from the Namaqua coast. Since the 1970s, the main seagoing activities have been fishing and small-vessel tourism. Today the town is a commercial hub with several holiday homes and a caravan park at the adjacent McDougalls Bay. It is also a gateway to the Richtersveld National Park, located 160 kilometres (99 mi) to the north along the Orange River.
Calla
Calla is a genus of flowering plant in the family Araceae, containing the single species Calla palustris (bog arum, marsh calla, wild calla, squaw claw, and water-arum). It is the only genus in the tribe Calleae of the subfamily Aroideae. Its systematic position has been described as "puzzling", and it has also been placed in its own family Callaceae and its own subfamily Calloideae.

Aroideae
Aroideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is the largest subfamily in Araceae and consists of about 72 genera, and 2,300 species. Many Aroideae have spiny pollen grains without a sporopollenin outer exine layer and lacking an aperture.
Chongqing–Guiyang railway
Chongqing–Guiyang railway is a major trunk higher-speed rail selected for construction under the 11th Five Year Plan set by the Chinese Government. Construction started on December 22, 2010, and opened on January 25, 2018.

Guiyang North railway station
Guiyang North station (贵阳北站) is one of the three major railway stations in Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou province. It is the largest high-speed railway station in Guizhou and the largest railway transportation hub in southwestern China. It opened on December 26, 2014.

The station is served by many routes, including the Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway, the Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway, and the Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway. It is also served by Guiyang–Kaiyang intercity railway and the Chengdu–Guiyang high-speed railway.

Line 1 of the Guiyang Metro has served Guiyang North station since December 28, 2017.
Platycapnos
Platycapnos is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Papaveraceae.

Its native range is Canary Islands, Western and Central Mediterranean.

Species:

Platycapnos saxicola Willk.

Platycapnos spicatus (L.) Bernh.

Platycapnos tenuilobus Pomel

Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae (/pəˌpævəˈreɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), informally called the poppy family, are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperate and subtropical climates (mostly in the northern hemisphere) like Eastern Asia as well as California in North America. It is almost unknown in the tropics. Most are herbaceous plants, but a few are shrubs and small trees. The family currently includes two groups that have been considered to be separate families: Fumariaceae and Pteridophyllaceae. Papaver is the classical name for poppy in Latin.
Williston Basin International Airport
Williston Basin International Airport (IATA: XWA, ICAO: KXWA, FAA LID: XWA) is an airport serving Williston, a city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. It is located 9 nautical miles (17km) northwest of the city.

Williston Basin Airport has two runways and a 110,000-square-foot (10,000 m2) terminal building. It was built to replace Sloulin Field International Airport, which previously served Williston and had experienced difficulty dealing with the increase in air traffic to Williston amid the North Dakota oil boom. The airport opened to the public on October 10, 2019.

Williston, North Dakota
Williston is a city in and the county seat of Williams County, North Dakota, United States. The 2020 census gave its population as 29,160, making Williston the sixth-most populous city in North Dakota. The city's population nearly doubled between 2010 and 2020, due largely to the North Dakota oil boom.

Williston's newspaper is the weekly Williston Herald. Williston is the home of Williston State College and the Miss North Dakota Scholarship Pageant.
Columbia County, New York
Columbia County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. At the 2020 census, the population was 61,570. The county seat is Hudson. The name comes from the Latin feminine form of the surname of Christopher Columbus, which was at the time of the formation of the county a popular proposal for the name of the United States. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Chatham, New York
Chatham /ˈtʃætəm/ is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 4,104 at the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 4,128 in 2010.

The town has a village also called Chatham on its southern town line. The town is at the northern border of Columbia County.
Cameley
Cameley is a village in the civil parish of Temple Cloud with Cameley, within the Chew Valley in Somerset, and on the northern slopes of the Mendip Hills, in the Bath and North East Somerset Council area just off the A37 road. It is located 11 miles (18 km) from Bristol, Bath and Wells. The nearest town is Midsomer Norton, which is 6 miles (10 km) away. The parish has a population of 1,292 and includes the village of Temple Cloud.

Cholwell, Cameley
Cholwell is a historic hamlet and manor in the parish of Cameley, Somerset, England. The manor house, Cholwell House, was rebuilt in 1855 by William Rees-Mogg (1815-1909). It is a Grade II listed building.
Anime Contents Expo
The Anime Contents Expo (アニメ コンテンツ エキスポ, Anime Kontentsu Ekisupo), also known as ACE, was one of the largest anime trade fairs in the world, held annually in Japan. The first event was held in 2012. The event was held at Makuhari Messe, a convention and exhibition center in Tokyo Bay, in late March. In 2014 it was merged with the Tokyo International Anime Fair to form AnimeJapan.

AnimeJapan
AnimeJapan is a Japanese anime consumer show held annually at the Tokyo Big Sight exhibition center in Tokyo since March 2014. It was created from the merger of the Tokyo International Anime Fair with the Anime Contents Expo.

It is organized by the AnimeJapan Executive Committee with support from The Association of Japanese Animations and The Association of Manga Publishers. The 2020 AnimeJapan event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the event the following year took place online. The event returned to Tokyo Big Sight in 2022.

In 2023, the event re-adopted a split format for the first time since 2019, in which the first two days of the show are open to the public (deemed "Public Days") and the final two are "Business Days" limited toward those in the anime industry.
Butler Knob
Butler Knob is a peak on the Jacks Mountain ridge in south central Pennsylvania in the United States. The "Knobs" summit is underlain with weather resistant quartzite of the Tuscarora Formation (Silurian Age). Butler Knob is accessible by a rough road, where there is a closed firetower on the summit. The firetower presently hold a weather station that gives current forecasts for the area (see link below).

There are views available from a nearby scree slope. The views are mainly east, south and west from here; the summits of Big Mountain, Sideling Hill, Williamsburg Mountain  and Blue Knob can be seen in the distance. Butler Knob is located within the Rothrock State Forest, all camping and activities on the mountain are subject to the rules and regulations of that agency.

Blue Knob (Pennsylvania)
Blue Knob (elevation 3,146 feet (959 m)) is a summit in the eastern United States with a broad dome that is the northernmost 3,000-footer in the Allegheny Mountains. It is the highest point in Bedford County, Pennsylvania.

The mountain is the site of 5,874-acre (23.77 km2) Blue Knob State Park and contains approximately 18 miles (29 km) of hiking trails and numerous overlooks. An alpine ski area is located on the mountain's north slopes. The towns of Pavia and Claysburg lie at the foot of the mountain, and Johnstown, Altoona, and Bedford are located within 25 miles (40 km).
St Albans Cathedral
St Albans Cathedral, officially the Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban, also known as "the Abbey", is a Church of England cathedral in St Albans, England.

Much of its architecture dates from Norman times. It ceased to be an abbey following its dissolution in the 16th century and became a cathedral in 1877. Although legally a cathedral church, it differs in certain particulars from most other cathedrals in England, being also used as a parish church, of which the dean is rector with the same powers, responsibilities and duties as those of any other parish. At 85 metres long, it has the longest nave of any cathedral in England.

Probably founded in the 8th century, the present building is Norman or Romanesque architecture of the 11th century, with Gothic and 19th-century additions.

John of Wallingford (d. 1214)
John of Wallingford (died 1214), also known as John de Cella, was Abbot of St Albans Abbey in the English county of Hertfordshire from 1195 to his death in 1214. He was previously prior of Holy Trinity Priory at Wallingford in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), a cell of St Albans.

He should not be confused with another John of Wallingford (died 1258), who was a friend of the famous chronicler Matthew Paris; nor with the unknown author of the so-called "Chronicle of John of Wallingford" (ca. 1225–1250), that is included in a manuscript of the papers of the later John of Wallingford.
South Gippsland Freeway
South Gippsland Freeway is a short freeway linking Dandenong in Melbourne's south–east to other south–eastern destinations, including the Mornington Peninsula and the Gippsland region. The freeway bears the designation M780.

South Gippsland Highway
South Gippsland Highway is a partially divided highway connecting the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne through the South Gippsland region of in Victoria, Australia to the town of Sale. The highway serves as a gateway from Melbourne to many attractions including Wilsons Promontory and Phillip Island as well as being an important road for farmers in Gippsland.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Shackelford County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Shackelford County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Shackelford County, Texas. There are one district and four individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. The district includes one State Antiquities Landmark and several Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks. Two other properties are also State Antiquities Landmarks including one Texas State Historic Site.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted July 18, 2025.

Shackelford County, Texas
Shackelford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,105. Its county seat is Albany. The county was created in 1858 and later organized in 1874. Shackelford is named for Dr. Jack Shackelford, a Virginia physician who equipped soldiers at his own expense to fight in the Texas Revolution.

Historic Fort Griffin, established in 1867, lies within Shackelford County.

During the last two weekends of June, the Fort Griffin Fandangle, a Western musical production, is presented by Shackelford County residents in the Prairie Theater in Albany. The content of the program is changed each year. Begun in 1938, it is billed as "Texas' Oldest Outdoor Musical".
2009 satellite collision
On February 10, 2009, two communications satellites—the active commercial Iridium 33 and the derelict Russian military Kosmos 2251—(Cosmos) accidentally collided at a speed of 11.7 km/s (26,000 mph) and an altitude of 789 kilometres (490 mi) above the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia. It was the first time a hypervelocity collision had occurred between two satellites; previous incidents had involved a satellite and a piece of space debris.

Satellite collision
Strictly speaking, a satellite collision is when two satellites collide while in orbit around a third, much larger body, such as a planet or moon. This definition is typically loosely extended to include collisions between sub-orbital or escape-velocity objects with an object in orbit. Prime examples are the anti-satellite weapon tests. There have been no observed collisions between natural satellites, but impact craters may show evidence of such events. Both intentional and unintentional collisions have occurred between man-made satellites around Earth since the 1980s. Anti-satellite weapon tests and failed rendezvous or docking operations can result in orbital space debris, which in turn may collide with other satellites.
Natural and Agrarian Museum
The Natural and Agrarian Museum (Chinese: 土地暨自然博物館; Portuguese: Museu Natural e Agrário) is a public museum in Seac Pai Van Park, Coloane, Macau. The museum was established on 21 March 1997. The museum is housed in a wooden-style little house. It consists of five sections, which are Geography of Macau, Farming Tools of the Islands in Olden Days, Lives of Farmers, Specimens of Animals and Specimens of Plants.

Seac Pai Van Park
22°7′36.8″N 113°33′31.1″E﻿ / ﻿22.126889°N 113.558639°E﻿ / 22.126889; 113.558639

The Seac Pai Van Park (Chinese: 石排灣郊野公園; Portuguese: Parque de Seac Pai Van) is a park in Coloane, Macau, China. It is the largest natural green area in Macau and is administered by the Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau.