hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colville Channel
The Colville Channel is one of three channels connecting the Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana with the Pacific Ocean to the northeast of Auckland, New Zealand. It is the easternmost channel, lying between the southern end of Great Barrier Island and Cape Colville at the northern tip of the Coromandel Peninsula. The tiny Channel Island lies in the centre of the channel.

The other two channels are the Cradock Channel and the Jellicoe Channel.

Coromandel Peninsula
36°50′S 175°35′E﻿ / ﻿36.833°S 175.583°E﻿ / -36.833; 175.583

The Coromandel Peninsula (Māori: Te Tara-o-te-Ika-a-Māui) on the North Island of New Zealand extends 85 kilometres (53 mi) north from the western end of the Bay of Plenty, forming a natural barrier protecting the Hauraki Gulf and the Firth of Thames in the west from the Pacific Ocean to the east. It is 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its broadest point. Almost its entire population lives on the narrow coastal strips fronting the Hauraki Gulf and the Bay of Plenty. In clear weather the peninsula is clearly visible from Auckland, the country's biggest city, which lies on the far shore of the Hauraki Gulf, 55 kilometres (34 mi) to the west. The peninsula is part of the Thames-Coromandel District and the Waikato Region.
Erianthus (insect)
Erianthus is a genus of grasshoppers restricted to Southeast Asia. They occur in Japan, northeast India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, South China including Hong Kong, and extend east to Sumatra. In the past some neotropical species were also included in the genus. They have narrow ranges and species are identifiable only by their characteristics of male and female genitalia.

The genus was erected in 1875 by Swedish entomologist Carl Stål in his Observations Orthopterologiques. Erianthus is the family Chorotypidae and is the largest genus in the subfamily Erianthinae by number of species. The type species is Mastax guttata (now Erianthus guttatus).

Chorotypidae
Chorotypidae is a family of tropical Asian grasshoppers (order Orthoptera), formerly included within the family Eumastacidae. These grasshoppers have a head that rises above the level of the thorax and short antennae. Some species have reduced wings, others have wings that widen towards the tips and still others have a flattened leaf-like shape. They lack abdominal tympani (hearing organs).
Southern Lushootseed
Southern Lushootseed, also called Twulshootseed (txʷəlšucid) or Whulshootseed (xʷəlšucid) in the Muckleshoot and Snoqualmie dialects, is the southern dialect of Lushootseed, a Coast Salish language in western Washington State. It was historically spoken by the Muckleshoot, Puyallup, Suquamish, Duwamish, Nisqually, and Squaxin Island tribes. The last fluent speaker was Ellen Williams (1923–2016) and her death rendered the language extinct.

Muckleshoot
The Muckleshoot Indian Tribe (/ˈmʌkəlʃut/ MUH-kəl-shoot; Lushootseed: bəqəlšuɬ [ˈbəqəlʃuɬ]), also known as the Muckleshoot Tribe, is a federally-recognized tribe located in Auburn, Washington. The tribe governs the Muckleshoot Reservation and is composed of descendants of the Duwamish, Stkamish, Smulkamish, Skopamish, Yilalkoamish, and Upper Puyallup peoples. The Muckleshoot Indian Tribe was formally established in 1936, after the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, but its origins lie in the creation of the Muckleshoot Reservation in 1874 and the treaties of Medicine Creek (1854) and Point Elliott (1855).
Herriman, Utah
Herriman (/ˈhɛrɪmən/ HERR-ih-mən) is a city in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, located in southwestern Salt Lake County, Utah. The population was 55,144 as of the 2020 census. Although Herriman was a town in 2000, it has since been classified as a third-class city by state law. The city has experienced rapid growth since incorporation in 1999, as its population was just 1,523 at the 2000 census. It grew from being the 111th-largest incorporated place in Utah in 2000 to the 14th-largest in 2020.

Salt Lake City metropolitan area
The Salt Lake City metropolitan area is the metropolitan area centered on the city of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau currently define the Salt Lake City, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as comprising two counties: Salt Lake and Tooele. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 1,257,936. The Salt Lake City Metropolitan Area and the Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Area were a single metropolitan area known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden Metropolitan Area until being separated in 2005.

The metropolitan area is part of the Salt Lake City–Provo–Ogden, UT Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which also includes the Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area, the Provo–Orem metropolitan area, the Heber City, Utah micropolitan area, and the Brigham City, Utah micropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, this CSA had a population of 2,701,129, comprising 82.6 percent of Utah's then 3,271,616 residents.
Powada
The powada (Marathi: पोवाडा) is a genre of Marathi poetry that was  during the late 17th century in India. Powada, which means ‘to glorify’, is a traditional Marathi ballad that traces its history to more than 750 years Powadas often glorified and celebrated deeds of popular folk figures and leaders such as Chhatrapati Shivaji and Tanaji Malusare, and were also written to raise awareness on social issues such as female foeticide, dowry and corruption. Powadas were also used as a medium to create awareness during Samyukta Maharashtra movement.

Powada is also a genre of poetry popular in Uttarakhand, specifically that glorifies warriors. It is popular in Kumaun and Garhwal regions of the state and is sung, performed, or narrated on various occasions. It is also known as "Bhada"

Marathi poetry
Marathi poetry is a poetry written in the Marathi language, including its various dialects.

The poet-saints Namdev (Devanagari: नामदेव) and Dnyaneshwar (Devanagari: ज्ञानेश्वर), from Maharashtra, India, wrote the earliest significant religious poetry in Marathi. They were born in 1270 and 1275, respectively. Namdev wrote more than 400 verses in the abhang (अभंग) form. Dnyaneshwar composed his poetry in the owi (ओवी) form. His compositions, Dnyaneshwari (ज्ञानेश्वरी) and Amrutanubhawa (अमृतानुभव), consist of 9,037 and about 800 owis, respectively.
Beta-binomial distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the beta-binomial distribution is a family of discrete probability distributions on a finite support of non-negative integers arising when the probability of success in each of a fixed or known number of Bernoulli trials is either unknown or random. The beta-binomial distribution is the binomial distribution in which the probability of success at each of n trials is not fixed but randomly drawn from a beta distribution. It is frequently used in Bayesian statistics, empirical Bayes methods and classical statistics to capture overdispersion in binomial type distributed data.

The beta-binomial is a one-dimensional version of the Dirichlet-multinomial distribution as the binomial and beta distributions are univariate versions of the multinomial and Dirichlet distributions respectively. The special case where α and β are integers is also known as the negative hypergeometric distribution.

Hypergeometric distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the hypergeometric distribution is a discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of  successes (random draws for which the object drawn has a specified feature) in  draws, without replacement, from a finite population of size  that contains exactly  objects with that feature, where in each draw is either a success or a failure. In contrast, the binomial distribution describes the probability of  successes in  draws with replacement.
Croissy-sur-Seine
Croissy-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [kʁwasi syʁ sɛn]; lit. 'Croissy-on-Seine') or simply Croissy is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. It is a suburban town on the western outskirts of Paris.

Croissy-sur-Seine is part of the Pays des Impressionnistes. It contains the two campuses of the British School of Paris, and was Russia's base camp for UEFA Euro 2016.

Chatou
Chatou (French pronunciation: [ʃatu] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Chatou is a part of the affluent suburbs of western Paris and is on the northwest side of the Seine river about 14 km (9 mi) from the city's center.
Warwick Parkway railway station
Warwick Parkway is a railway station with park and ride facilities on the western outskirts of Warwick in Warwickshire, England.  It also serves the village of Budbrooke. Unusually, the station is not owned by Network Rail but by Warwickshire County Council.

Warwick is also served by the older Warwick railway station in the town centre.

Warwick
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Warwickshire in the Warwick District in England, adjacent to the River Avon. It is 9 miles (14 km) south of Coventry, and 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Birmingham. It is adjoined with Leamington Spa and Whitnash.

Warwick has ancient origins and an array of historic buildings, notably from the Medieval, Stuart and Georgian eras. It was a major fortified settlement from the early Middle Ages, the most notable relic of this period being Warwick Castle, a major tourist attraction. Much was destroyed in the Great Fire of Warwick in 1694 and then rebuilt with fine 18th century buildings, such as the Collegiate Church of St Mary and the Shire Hall. The population was estimated at 36,665 at the 2021 Census.
Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident on an interface between different optical media. They were deduced by French engineer and physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (/freɪˈnɛl/) who was the first to understand that light is a transverse wave, when no one realized that the waves were electric and magnetic fields. For the first time, polarization could be understood quantitatively, as Fresnel's equations correctly predicted the differing behaviour of waves of the s and p polarizations incident upon a material interface.

Specular reflection
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.

The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal. The incident and reflected rays lie in a plane known as the plane of incidence. The angles of the two rays to the normal are known as the angle of incidence and angle of reflection.

The earliest known description of this behavior was recorded by Hero of Alexandria (AD c. 10–70). Later, Alhazen gave a complete statement of the law of reflection. He was first to state that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a same plane perpendicular to reflecting plane.

Specular reflection may be contrasted with diffuse reflection, in which light is scattered away from the surface in a range of directions.
Medici villas
The Medici villas are a series of rural building complexes in Tuscany which were owned by members of the Medici family between the 15th century and the 17th century. The villas served several functions: they were the country palaces of the Medici, scattered over the territory that they ruled, demonstrating their power and wealth. They were also recreational resorts for the leisure and pleasure of their owners; and, more prosaically, they were the centre of agricultural activities on the surrounding estates. In 2013, the Medici villas were added to UNESCO's World Heritage list.

Villa del Poggio Imperiale
Villa del Poggio Imperiale (English: Villa of the Imperial Hill) is a predominantly neoclassical former grand ducal villa in Arcetri, just to the south of Florence in Tuscany, central Italy. Beginning as a villa of the Baroncelli of Florence, it was seized by the Medici, became the home of a Medici princess, and a lavish retreat for a Grand Duchess with imperial pretensions. Later given to Napoleon's sister, it was reclaimed by the hereditary rulers of Tuscany before being finally converted to a prestigious girls' school. During its long history, it has often been at the centre of Italy's turbulent history, and has been rebuilt and redesigned many times.
Nangus, New South Wales
Nangus is a village on the Wagga Wagga to Gundagai Road on the north side of the Murrumbidgee River. From Nangus, Junee, Gundagai, Wantabadgery, Oura and Wagga Wagga are accessible. Nangus is approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) due west of Gundagai in the Riverina area of Australia and in Gundagai Council. At the 2011 census, Nangus and the surrounding area had a population of 420. The nearby Nangus Station and Yabtree Station are heritage listed.

Nangus Post Office opened on 1 July 1897.

Nangus has a post office, Anglican church, general store, with an off-site liquor licence, public school, public hall, fire station, petrol station, tennis courts, and hockey fields amongst some of its services and attractions.

Wantabadgery
Wantabadgery is a village community in the central eastern part of the Riverina situated about 35 kilometres east of Wagga Wagga and 19 kilometres west of Nangus. At the 2021 census, Wantabadgery had a population of 183.

Wanta Badgery Post Office opened on 1 December 1923 and closed in 1966.

Wantabadgery was formerly an Aboriginal mission. It is now a small village along the Murrumbidgee River, New South Wales.
Line 11 (Beijing Subway)
Line 11 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁11号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě shíyī hàoxiàn) is a rapid transit line of the Beijing Subway. The line opened between Jin'anqiao and Xinshougang (Shougang Park) on December 31, 2021, and between Jin'anqiao and Moshikou on December 30, 2023. Line 11's color is grapefruit.

Shijingshan, Beijing
Shijingshan District (Chinese: 石景山区; pinyin: Shíjǐngshān Qū) is an urban district of the city of Beijing. It lies to the west of the urban core of Beijing, and is part of the Western Hills area, bordering the districts of Haidian to the northeast and east, Fengtai to the south, and Mentougou to the west. The district consists of 9 subdistricts of Beijing's city proper.

Although the hills around Yunju Temple may also be called Shijingshan, they have Chinese characters different from those of the district and hence are unrelated to Shijingshan District.

It is 86 square kilometres (33 sq mi) in area, making it one of the smaller districts in the greater urban part of Beijing (the immense Mentougou District to the west of it dwarfs Shijingshan District), and is home to 489,439 inhabitants (2000 Census). Its postal code is 100043.
Hampshire High School (West Virginia)
Hampshire High School is a public school in Romney, West Virginia that serves grades 9 through 12 and is a part of Hampshire County Schools under the auspices of the Hampshire County Board of Education. It is the only high school in Hampshire County. Hampshire High School is located on Trojan Way (West Virginia Secondary Route 50/47) off of the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50) near Romney. The school currently has approximately 800 students enrolled, with that number slightly declining. It also employs approximately 70 faculty members. Hampshire High School's current principal is Amy Haines.

Romney, West Virginia
Romney is a town in Hampshire County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 1,722 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Winchester, Virginia metropolitan area. The town was established in 1762 along with Shepherdstown; together, they are the two oldest towns in West Virginia.
Ban'etsu East Line
The Ban'etsu East Line (磐越東線, Ban'etsu-tō-sen) is a railway line in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Iwaki Station in Iwaki and Kōriyama Station in Kōriyama. The name "Ban'etsu" is taken from the first characters of the names of the ancient provinces of Iwaki (磐城) and Echigo (越後), which the Ban'etsu East and Ban'etsu West lines connect. "Tō" (東) means "east" in Japanese.

The line's nickname is the Yūyū Abukuma Line (ゆうゆうあぶくまライン), taken from the Abukuma River that flows nearby.

Kōriyama Station (Fukushima)
Kōriyama Station (郡山駅, Kōriyama-eki) is a railway station in the city of Kōriyama, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East), with a freight terminal operated by the Japan Freight Railway Company.
Lima (footballer, born 1983)
Rodrigo José Lima dos Santos (born 11 May 1983), known as Lima, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a striker.

He spent the better part of his professional career in Portugal, amassing Primeira Liga totals of 176 matches and 86 goals over six seasons, representing mainly Braga and Benfica and winning six major titles with the latter club, notably the treble in 2014.

2011–12 Primeira Liga
The 2011–12 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga ZON Sagres for sponsorship reasons) was the 78th season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. It began on 14 August 2011 and ended on 13 May 2012. A total of 16 teams contested the league, 14 of which already took part in the previous season and two of which were promoted from the Liga de Honra. Porto were the defending champions and secured their 26th and second consecutive league title. Óscar Cardozo and Lima, respectively Benfica's and Braga's strikers, were the joint top scorers with 20 goals.
Airport Drive, Missouri
Airport Drive is a village in Jasper County, Missouri, United States. The population was 766 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community is still commonly referred to as "Stone's Corner," as the intersection of Route 43 and Route 171 is known.

Joplin metropolitan area
The Joplin, Missouri-Kansas, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of Jasper, Newton, and  Cherokee counties in southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas anchored by the city of Joplin. The estimated 2024 population of the Joplin, MO-KS (MSA) is 207,131. As of March 2023, The U.S. Census Bureau MSA delineation report added Cherokee County, Kansas to the Joplin, MO MSA making it the Joplin, MO-KS MSA.

The Joplin–Miami, MO–KS-OK, Combined Statistical Area (CSA) includes the Miami, Oklahoma micropolitan statistical area,  As of 2024, the Joplin-Miami (CSA) estimated population is 237,535.
Oaklawn Mile Stakes
The Oaklawn Mile Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for four-year-olds and older at a distance of one mile on the dirt run annually in April at Oaklawn Park Race Track in Hot Springs, Arkansas.  The event currently offers a purse of $500,000.

Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort
Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort, formerly Oaklawn Park Race Track, is an American thoroughbred racetrack and casino in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States. It is the home to "The Racing Festival of the South", a four-day series of races that concludes with the Arkansas Derby.

In 2017, Oaklawn was ranked fifth among thoroughbred racetracks in North America by the Horseplayers Association of North America.

In 2015, a pair of victories at Oaklawn put American Pharoah on the path to becoming American Horse of the Year and the first Triple Crown winner in 37 years.
Southern Naval Base
Southern Naval Base (Ukrainian: Південна військово-морська база, Russian: Южная военно-морская база) was a naval base of the Armed Forces of Ukraine located in the town of Novoozerne (part of Yevpatoria city municipality) on Donuzlav Bay in the western part of Crimea.

The base was reorganized in place of the Crimean Naval Base of the Soviet Union which completely occupied the southern shores of Donuzlav Bay and included hovercraft berths, Donuzlav Air Station, and a submarine base. Most of the former base is disassembled, while the former Donuzlav Air Station is non-operational.

Donuzlav Bay is separated from the Black Sea by two sandspits which serve as a small freight port of the Yevpatoriya Commercial Trade Port located in the city.

Novoozerne
Novoozerne (Ukrainian: Новоозерне; Russian: Новоозёрное, romanized: Novoozyornoye; Crimean Tatar: Novoozörnoye) is an urban-type settlement in the Yevpatoria municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and since 2014 occupied and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. Population: 4,998 (2014 Census); 6,108 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census, and 7,242 in 2011.

The settlement was founded in 1971. It received the status of an urban-type settlement in 1977.
Morley railway station
Morley railway station serves the town of Morley in West Yorkshire, England.

The station is on the Huddersfield Line and is currently operated by Northern. It is located approximately 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Leeds at the northern end of the 3,369-yard (3,081 m) Morley Tunnel which passes beneath the town.

Morley, West Yorkshire
Morley is a market town and a civil parish within the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, in West Yorkshire, England. Morley is the largest town in the borough after Leeds itself. Morley forms part of the Heavy Woollen District.

It lies approximately 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Leeds city centre.  It was built on seven hills: Scatcherd Hill, Dawson Hill, Daisy Hill, Chapel Hill, Hunger Hill, Troy Hill and Banks Hill. In 2011, the town and civil parish had populations of 44,440 and 27,738 respectively. It includes the New Brighton area.

The town is split between the Morley North and Morley South wards (containing the town centre) of Leeds City Council, both making up part of the Leeds South West and Morley parliamentary constituency.
Saluzzo
Saluzzo (Italian: [saˈluttso]; Piedmontese: Salusse [saˈlyse]) is a town and former principality in the province of Cuneo, in the Piedmont region, Italy.

The city of Saluzzo is built on a hill overlooking a vast, well-cultivated plain. Iron, lead, silver, marble, slate etc. are found in the surrounding mountains. On 1 January 2017 it had a population of 17.581

Saluzzo was the birthplace of the writer Silvio Pellico and of typographer Giambattista Bodoni.

Marquisate of Saluzzo
The Marquisate of Saluzzo (Latin: Marchionatus de Salutia) was a historical Italian state that included parts of the current region of  Piedmont and of the French Alps. The Marquisate was much older than the Renaissance lordships, being a legacy of the feudalism of the High Middle Ages.
Elands River (Wilge)
The Elands River (Afrikaans: Elandsrivier) is a northward-flowing tributary of the Wilge River, part of the Vaal River basin, South Africa. Its sources are in the Mont-Aux-Sources.

This river is named the Namahadi River in its uppermost section in the area of the Fika-Patso Dam. It flows roughly northwards, through Phuthaditjhaba (Witsieshoek) and joins the left bank of the Wilge River about 27 km northwest of Harrismith.

Formerly this river had been known as Donkin River, after Rufane Shaw Donkin, who administered the Cape Colony from 1820 to 1821.

Mont-Aux-Sources
Mont-aux-Sources is a mountain in Southern Africa, forming one of the highest portions of the Drakensberg Range. It is mostly within Lesotho, with parts in the KwaZulu-Natal and Free State provinces of South Africa.

The peak is accessible from the Sentinel Car Park near Witsieshoek, via chain ladders.