hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Invasion of Jamaica
An English expeditionary force captured Spanish Jamaica in May 1655, during the Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660). It was part of an ambitious plan by Oliver Cromwell to undermine or obliterate Spanish dominance in the Americas and to acquire new colonies there, known as the Western Design.

Although major settlements like Santiago de la Vega, now Spanish Town, were poorly defended and quickly occupied, resistance by escaped slaves, or Jamaican Maroons, continued in the interior. The Western Design was largely a failure, but Jamaica remained in English hands, and was formally ceded by Spain in the 1670 Treaty of Madrid.  The Colony of Jamaica remained a British possession until independence in 1962.

Western Design
The Western Design was an English expedition against the Spanish West Indies during the 1654 to 1660 Anglo-Spanish War.

Part of an ambitious plan by Oliver Cromwell to end Spanish dominance in the Americas, the force was short of supplies and poorly trained. Leadership was split between Robert Venables, commander of land forces, and Admiral William Penn; the relationship between the two quickly broke down, and they regarded each other with distrust and suspicion. The attack on Hispaniola was a failure but the English then subsequently took Jamaica and claimed it for the English Commonwealth.
ISO 639:h
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with H.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:u
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with U.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
Vaara-Suomi
Vaara-Suomi (Finnish vaara: forested, gentle sloped sizeable mountain or hill, Suomi: Finland) is one of the landscape regions of Finland. It stretches from North Karelia ("Hills of Karelia") to Kainuu and Koillismaa ("Hill Country of Kainuu and Kuusamo"), north of the Finnish Lakeland.

Through North Karelia runs a range of quartzite ridged hills that reach above 200 m (660 ft) high, which are the remnants of a mountain chain, the Karelides, worn down over multiple glaciations. This belt of hills continues across Kainuu, the easternmost parts of North Ostrobothnia, and the southeastern tip of Lapland. The area is largely heavily forested taiga. Between the hills lie peatlands, lakes and rapids. The climate is continental. The peaks of the hills have unleached and thus fertile moraine soil.

The Hossa and Koli National Parks are in Vaara-Suomi. The highest peak is Valtavaara in Kuusamo (492 m).

Finnish Lakeland
Finnish Lakeland or the Finnish lake district (Finnish: Järvi-Suomi [ˈjærʋiˌsuo̯mi], "Lake Finland", Swedish: Insjöfinland) is a large landscape region in central eastern Finland.

The hilly, forest-covered landscape of Lakeland Finland's lake plateau is dominated by drumlins and by long sinuous eskers. Both are glacial remnants deposited after the continental glaciers that scoured and gouged the country's surface receded about 10,000 years ago.

The lake basins of the lakeland originate from the joint work of weathering and erosion of fractures in the bedrock. The erosion that made the depressions occurred before and during the Quaternary ice ages. Erosion along fractures has produced linear inlets among the lakes.
Founders' Memorial MRT station
Founders' Memorial MRT station is a non-operational underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Thomson–East Coast Line in Marina East, Singapore. Construction began in 2019, and the station is scheduled to open in tandem with the Founders' Memorial in 2028. Although the station is completed, trains would skip this station until then and continue its journey towards Tanjong Rhu or Gardens by the Bay. The station is located within the Bay East Garden of Gardens by the Bay, next to the Founders' Memorial.

Tanjong Rhu MRT station
Tanjong Rhu MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Thomson–East Coast Line (TEL) in Kallang, Singapore. Situated at the junction of Tanjong Rhu Road and Tanjong Rhu Place, the station serves nearby condominiums such as Pebble Bay and Casuarina Cove. Other surrounding landmarks include the Tanjong Rhu Lookout Tower, The Kallang and the Tanjong Rhu Footbridge.

First announced in August 2014, Tanjong Rhu station was constructed as part of TEL Phase 4. The cut-and-cover tunnels between Tanjong Rhu and Katong Park were constructed only 37 cm (1.21 ft) above the Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway. Tanjong Rhu station commenced operations on 23 June 2024. A designated Civil Defence shelter, the two-level station has a side platform configuration and a colour scheme of grey, white and brown. An Art-in-Transit artwork Telinga Ekologi Kita by Bani Haykal is displayed at this station.
Asia Jaya LRT station
Asia Jaya LRT station is an elevated rapid transit station in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, forming part of the Kelana Jaya Line. The station was opened on 1 September 1998, as part of the line's first segment encompassing 10 elevated stations between Kelana Jaya station and Pasar Seni station (not including the KL Sentral station opened later), and the line's maintenance depot in Lembah Subang.

Kelana Jaya Line
The LRT Kelana Jaya Line is a light rapid transit (LRT) line and the first fully automated and driverless rail system in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. It forms part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System in and around Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Servicing 37 stations, the line has 46.4 km (28.8 mi) of grade-separated tracks running mostly on underground and elevated guideways. Formerly known as the PUTRA-LRT, it is operated as part of the Rapid KL system by Rapid Rail, a subsidiary of Prasarana Malaysia. The line is named after its former terminus, the Kelana Jaya. The line is numbered 5 and coloured ruby on official transit maps.
Copp's Hill Terrace
Copp's Hill Terrace is a historic terrace and park between Commercial and Charter Streets west of Jackson Avenue on Copp's Hill in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts near Copp's Hill Burying Ground.  Designed and built in the 1890s, it is the only public park designed for the city by the noted landscape architect Charles Eliot, and one of the few larger public spaces in the densely-built North End.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

North End, Boston
The North End is a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is the city's oldest residential community, having been inhabited since it was colonized in the 1630s. It covers 0.36 square miles (0.93 km2), but the neighborhood has nearly one hundred establishments and a variety of tourist attractions. It is known for its Italian American population and Italian restaurants.
Ostrovsky District, Kostroma Oblast
Ostrovsky District (Russian: Остро́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kostroma Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast.  The area of the district is 2,720 square kilometers (1,050 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement of rural type) of Ostrovskoye. Population: 9,110 (2021 Census); 12,787 (2010 Census);  14,758 (2002 Census); 17,141 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ostrovskoye accounts for 46.3% of the district's total population.

Ostrovskoye, Ostrovskoye (tsentralnoye) Settlement, Ostrovsky District, Kostroma Oblast
Ostrovskoye (Russian: Остро́вское) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Ostrovsky District, Kostroma Oblast, Russia. Population: 4,218 (2021 Census); 5,042 (2010 Census); 5,273 (2002 Census); 5,388 (1989 Soviet census).
HD 76700
HD 76700 is a star in the southern constellation of Volans. It is yellow in hue and is too faint to be visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 8.16. This object is located at a distance of 197 light years from the Sun based on stellar parallax. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +39 km/s.

Volans
Volans is a constellation in the southern sky. It represents a flying fish; its name is a shortened form of its original name, Piscis Volans. Volans was one of twelve constellations created by Petrus Plancius from the observations of Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman and it first appeared on a 35-cm (14") diameter celestial globe published in 1597 (or 1598) in Amsterdam by Plancius with Jodocus Hondius. The first depiction of this constellation in a celestial atlas was in Johann Bayer's Uranometria of 1603.
Savernake Station
Savernake Station is a heritage-listed working farm located at 2341 Mulwala Road, Savernake, Federation Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed and built from 1862. It is also known as Savernake Homestead. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 15 March 2013. The heritage listing includes the station's moveable heritage, including significant collections and archives relating to the property.

Federation Council (New South Wales)
Federation Council is a local government area located in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia, formed in 2016 from the merger of the Corowa Shire with neighbouring Urana Shire.

The council comprises an area of 5,685 square kilometres (2,195 sq mi) and covers the urban areas of Corowa and Mulwala and the surrounding cropping and pastoral region to the north. It is bounded to the south by the Murray River and the state of Victoria.

At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 12,602.
Ngāti Hauā
Ngāti Hauā is a Māori iwi of the eastern Waikato of New Zealand. It is part of the Tainui confederation. Its traditional area includes Matamata, Cambridge, Maungakawa, the Horotiu district along the Waikato River and the Maungatautari district, and its eastern boundary is the Kaimai Range. Leaders of the tribe have included Te Waharoa (1820s and 1830s), his son Wiremu Tamihana (1840s to 1860s) and Tamihana's son Tupu Taingakawa. The tribe has played a prominent role in the Māori King Movement, with Tamihana and descendants being known as the "Kingmakers".

Ngāti Maniapoto
Ngāti Maniapoto is an iwi (tribe) based in the Waikato-Waitomo region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the Tainui confederation, the members of which trace their whakapapa (genealogy) back to people who arrived in New Zealand on the waka (canoe) Tainui. The 2018 New Zealand census reports show an estimated population of 45,930 people who affiliated with Maniapoto, making it the 9th most-populous iwi in New Zealand.
Narciso Contreras
Narciso Contreras (born 1 July  1975, Mexico City (Valle de Anahuac) is a documentary photographer and photojournalist born in Mexico City (Valle de Anahuac). Since 2010, he has covered a variety of issues and topics in four different continents, leading him to focus his work on the humanitarian cost of conflicts, economics and war. He is known for documenting the war in Syria, the military coup in Egypt, the war in Yemen, and for being the first to bring international audiences proof in pictures of human trafficking and slavery in Libya.

His work has been exhibited in galleries, museums and photo festivals in Europe, Asia, the USA and Mexico. At the Saatchi Gallery in London his exhibition “Libya: a human marketplace" ranked the most visited exhibition in photojournalism in the world in 2017, and 3rd in Photography category with more than 520,000 visitors.

Fondation Carmignac
The Fondation Carmignac is a Paris-based organization that bestows the Carmignac Gestion Photojournalism Awards, which are held yearly. It was established in 2000 by Édouard Carmignac. The organization has a publicly accessible art collection on Porquerolles Island in Var, France.
2010 FAI Cup final
The 2010 FAI Cup final was the final match of the 2010 FAI Cup competition and was contested by Sligo Rovers and Shamrock Rovers at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin on 14 November 2010. Shamrock Rovers were looking to complete the double of League and cup after winning the 2010 League of Ireland. Sligo Rovers won the cup 2–0 on penalties.

The final was the first to be staged at the new Aviva Stadium. The match was shown live on RTÉ television and online worldwide.

Sligo Rovers F.C.
Sligo Rovers Football Club is an Irish professional football club playing in the League of Ireland Premier Division. The club is based in Sligo in the west of Ireland.

The club was founded in 1928 and have been in the League of Ireland since 1934. The club is a co-operative venture, owned by the people of Sligo. Rovers have played at The Showgrounds since their inception. In 2013, they won a third FAI Cup in four years, and also became the 2012 Premier Division Champions, winning the league with two games to spare. In total, they have won three league titles, five FAI Cups and two League Cups.
Kalmer Tennosaar
Kalmer Tennosaar (23 November 1928, Kiidjärve, Vastse-Kuuste Parish – 20 September 2004, Tallinn) was an Estonian singer and Eesti Televisioon journalist.

He was popular in Soviet times as a soloist with the Popular Music Orchestra of the Estonian Radio and Television.

Kalmer Tennosaar began as a presenter at ETV on 1 January 1956, and subsequently worked as an editor and fellow of music programmes (1957–1962, and then after 1968). He became very popular as the host of a children's songs show "Entel-tentel". Tennosaar later continued his career as a singer.

Tennosaar was married to actress Sirje Arbi from 1964 until 1978. The couple had two daughters, including actress Liina Tennosaar.

Sirje Tennosaar
Sirje Tennosaar (née Sirje Arbi; 5 June 1943 – 23 April 2021) was a Soviet and Estonian actress and television presenter. She had major roles in the films Jääminek (1962) and Jäljed and in the television production Maailm minuta (1974) and in the television series Kelgukoerad (2009).

Tennosaar was a member of the Endla Theatre in 1963, before moving to the Estonian Drama Theatre in 1966. She then became a television presenter at Eesti Televisioon (ETV) from 1971 until 1991. Then she moved to Kanal 2 from 1993 to 2000.

Tennosaar was married to singer and journalist Kalmer Tennosaar from 1964 until 1978. Her daughter is actress Liina Tennosaar. She died on 23 April 2021, aged 77.
Streets of Albany, New York
The streets of Albany, New York, have had a long history going back almost 400 years. Many of the streets have changed names over the course of time, some have changed names many times. Some streets no longer exist, others have changed course. Some roads existed only on paper. The oldest streets were haphazardly laid out with no overall plan until Simeon De Witt's 1794 street grid plan. The plan had two grids, one west of Eagle Street and the old stockade, and another for the Pastures District south of the old stockade.

New York State Route 85
New York State Route 85 (NY 85) is a state highway in Albany County, New York, in the United States. It is 26.49 miles (42.63 km) in length and runs from CR 353 in Rensselaerville to Interstate 90 (I-90) exit 4 in Albany. It also has a loop route, NY 85A, which connects NY 85 to the village of Voorheesville. The portion of NY 85 north of NY 140 to the Bethlehem–Albany town/city line is known as the Slingerlands Bypass. From there north to I-90, the road is a four-lane freeway named the Crosstown Arterial.
Marine Park (Brooklyn park)
Marine Park is a public park located on Jamaica Bay in the neighborhood of Marine Park in Brooklyn, New York. Its 798 acres (3.2 km2) surround the westernmost inlet of the bay. Most of the land for Marine Park was donated to New York City to be turned into public park land by the Whitney family in 1920 and by Frederic B. Pratt and Alfred Tredway White, who jointly donated 150 acres (0.61 km2) in 1917. The land donated consists of the area between the current day Fillmore Avenue and Gerritsen Avenue and East 38th Street. Originally almost 2,000 acres (810 ha), over half of which has been donated to the National Park Service as part of the Gateway National Recreation Area, the park is mainly a fertile salt marsh which is supplied with freshwater from Gerritsen Creek.

Marine Park consists of recreational park areas and the Salt Marsh Nature Center, where marsh birds, cottontail rabbits, horseshoe crabs, and oyster toadfish can be found.

Marine Park (neighborhood), Brooklyn
Marine Park is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood lies between Flatlands and Mill Basin to the east, and Gerritsen Beach, Midwood, and Sheepshead Bay to the south and west. It is mostly squared off in area by Gerritsen Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, Avenue U and Kings Highway. The neighborhood's eponymous park is the largest public park in Brooklyn. Charles Downing Lay won a silver medal in town planning at the 1936 Olympics for the planning of Marine Park.

Marine Park is largely inhabited by people of ethnic groups such as Italian Americans, Irish Americans, Greek Americans, and Jewish Americans. The area is part of Brooklyn Community Board 18.
Great ape language
Great ape language research historically involved attempts to teach chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans to communicate using imitative human speech, sign language, physical tokens and computerized lexigrams. These studies were controversial, with debate focused on the definition of language, the welfare of test subjects, and the anthropocentric nature of this line of inquiry.

The consensus among linguists remains that human language is unique.

Contemporary research has steered away from attempting to teach apes human language and focuses instead on observing apes' intraspecies communication in zoos and natural habitats. This includes gestures, facial expressions, and vocalizations.

Michael (gorilla)
Michael (March 17, 1973, Cameroon – April 19, 2000) was a male gorilla involved in experiments to teach apes sign language.  He is alleged to have had a working vocabulary of over 600 signs in American Sign Language, taught to him by Koko, a female gorilla; Francine Patterson; and other staff of Stanford University.  Michael, an orphan, spent most of his life in Woodside, California, where he became known for painting. Both Michael and Koko’s linguistic abilities are widely rejected by specialists, despite popular perception to the contrary.
Detroit City High School
Detroit City High School was a secondary school located in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It was one of the many public high schools in the Detroit Public School District. It closed in 2012 and demolished in 2016.

Detroit Public Schools Community District
Detroit Public Schools Community District (DPSCD) is a public school district that serves Detroit, Michigan, and high school students in Highland Park, Michigan. The district, which replaced the original Detroit Public Schools (DPS) in 2016, provides services to approximately 50,000 students, making it the largest school district in the state.  The district has its headquarters in the Fisher Building of the New Center area of Detroit.

The school district has experienced extensive financial difficulties over a series of years. From 1999 to 2005, and from 2009 to the reorganization in 2016, the district was overseen by a succession of state-appointed emergency financial managers.
Casey Jr. Circus Train
The Casey Jr. Circus Train is the name of a ridable railroad attraction found at Disneyland and a powered roller coaster attraction found at Disneyland Park (Paris). It is based on the train from Dumbo. This tour is similar to the one given on the slower paced Storybook Land Canal Boats, but does not incorporate narration.

Disneyland Park (Paris)
Disneyland Park, originally Euro Disneyland Park, is a theme park found at Disneyland Paris in Marne-la-Vallée, France. The park opened on 12 April 1992, as the first of the two parks built at the resort. Designed and built by Walt Disney Imagineering, its layout is similar to Disneyland Park in California and Magic Kingdom Park at Walt Disney World in Florida. Spanning 56.656 ha (140 acres)—the second largest Disney park based on the original, after Shanghai Disneyland—it is dedicated to fairy tales and Disney characters.

The park is represented by Le Château de la Belle au Bois Dormant (Sleeping Beauty Castle), a replica of the fairy tale castle seen in Disney's 1959 animated film Sleeping Beauty. In 2024 the park hosted 10.2 million visitors, making it the tenth-most visited theme park in the world and the most-visited theme park in Europe.
Vestre Bjonevatnet
Vestre Bjonevatnet is a small lake in Norway. The 2.16-square-kilometre (0.83 sq mi) lake is located primarily in Ringerike Municipality in Buskerud county and the far northern tip of the lake stretches across the border into Søndre Land Municipality and Gran Municipality in Innlandet county. The lake is situated between the lakes Sperillen and Randsfjorden. The European route E16 highway runs north–south, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the west of the lake.

Gran Municipality
Granⓘ is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hadeland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Jaren. Other villages in Gran include Bjoneroa, Brandbu, Egge, Gran, and Ringstad.

The 756.65-square-kilometre (292.14 sq mi) municipality is the 148th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gran Municipality is the 89th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 13,660. The municipality's population density is 18.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (47/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Liodon
Liodon is a dubious genus of mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous, known from fragmentary fossils discovered in St James' Pit, England. Though dubious and of uncertain phylogenetic affinities, Liodon was historically a highly important taxon in mosasaur systematics, being one of the genera on which the family Mosasauridae was based.

Tylosaurus
Tylosaurus (/ˌtaɪˈloʊˈsɔːrəs/; "knob lizard") is a genus of russellosaurine mosasaur (an extinct group of predatory marine lizards) that lived about 92 to 66 million years ago during the Turonian to Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous. Its fossils have been found primarily around North Atlantic Ocean including in North America, Europe, and Africa.