hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Psalter of Saint Louis
Two lavishly illuminated psalters are known as the Psalter of Saint Louis (and variants) as they have been associated with King Louis IX of France. Now in Paris and Leiden, they are, respectively, examples of French Gothic and English Romanesque illumination.

Leiden University Library
Leiden University Libraries is the set of libraries of Leiden University, founded in 1575 in Leiden, Netherlands.
 Holdings include some five million volumes, one million e-books, ninety thousand e-journals, two thousand current paper journals, and three thousand cuneiform tablets. 
The library manages large collections on Indonesia and the Caribbean, and curates seven entries in UNESCO's international and Dutch Memory of the World Register.
Joseph Justus Scaliger, who was a languages and history professor at Leiden from 1593 up to 1609, commented in Latin on the library:

"Est hic magna commoditas bibliothecae ut studiosi possint studere"
—Josephus Justus Scaliger

"Here [at Leiden] is the great convenience of a library so that those who want to study [students], can study."
Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery and Procurement
The Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery and Procurement (French: Ministère des Services au public et aux entreprises et de l’Approvisionnement) is a ministry of the Government of Ontario. It is responsible for ServiceOntario, which, among other responsibilities, issues driver's licenses, health cards, birth certificates and other provincial documents to Ontario residents. Additionally, it oversees the Archives of Ontario, Supply Ontario and numerous boards and administrative authorities charged with consumer protection in specific sectors and industries, such as condominiums and travel.

Stephen Crawford is the minister of public and business service delivery and procurement and is responsible for the ministry to the provincial legislature. The minister is supported by the deputy minister, currently Samantha Poisson, a senior career public servant who supports the minister in managing the operations of the ministry.

Supply Ontario
Centralized Supply Chain Ontario (CSCO; French: Gestion centralisée de la chaîne d'approvisionnement Ontario), operating as Supply Ontario (French: ApprovisiOntario), is a Crown agency of the Government of Ontario. Created in 2020, the agency's mandate is to provide and support supply chain management and procurement activities for the provincial government, the broader public sector, and health care sector.
Jack Petersen (boxer)
John Charles Peterson OBE TD (2 September 1911 – 22 November 1990) was a Welsh boxer who held the British heavyweight boxing title on two occasions. He was awarded the Territorial Decoration (TD) in 1950 and appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1978 Birthday Honours "for services to Sport particularly in Wales."

Walter Neusel
Walter Neusel (November 25, 1907 – October 3, 1964) was a German heavyweight boxer. During his career he held the distinction of being recognized as German Heavyweight Champion. Statistical boxing website BoxRec rates Neusel as the sixth best German boxer ever across all weight divisions.
Kallar Kahar
Kallar Kahar  (Urdu: كلّر كہار) is a town of Chakwal District in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the capital of Kallar Kahar Tehsil which is an administrative subdivion of the district.

Emperor Babar described Kallar Kahar in his memoirs as a “child of Kashmir” due to its natural beauty and charming weather. It was a natural sanctuary of peacocks, but their population has decreased due to the increasing population around the mountain and illegal catching of the beautiful birds. Babar also referred to Takht-e-Babri, as a "charming place with good air".

Takht-e-Babri
Takht-e-Babri (Urdu: تختِ بابری) is a tourist destination in Kallar Kahar, Chakwal District in Punjab, Pakistan. It is located 25 kilometres southwest of Chakwal along the motorway. Takht-e-Babri is a flat stage and throne cut out of stone by the 1st Mughal Emperor King Babur to address his army while coming down from Kabul in the quest of the crown of Delhi.
Ground-effect vehicle
A ground-effect vehicle (GEV), also called a wing-in-ground-effect (WIGE or WIG), ground-effect craft/machine (GEM), wingship, flarecraft, surface effect vehicle or ekranoplan (Russian: экранопла́н – "screenglider"), is a vehicle that makes use of the ground effect, the aerodynamic interaction between a moving wing and the stationary surface below (land or water). Typically, it glides over a level surface (usually over water). Some models can operate over any flat area such as a lake or flat plains similar to a hovercraft. The term Ground-Effect Vehicle originally referred to any craft utilizing ground effect, including what later became known as hovercraft, in patent descriptions during the 1950s. However, this term came to exclude air-cushion vehicles or hovercraft. GEVs do not include racecars utilizing ground-effect for increasing downforce.

Hydrofoil
A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water. It is similar in appearance and purpose to aerofoils used by airplanes. Boats that use hydrofoil technology are also simply termed hydrofoils. As a craft gains speed, the hydrofoils lift the boat's hull out of the water, decreasing drag and allowing greater speeds.
Lime Rock Park
Lime Rock Park is a natural-terrain motorsport road racing venue located in Lakeville, Connecticut, United States, a hamlet in the town of Salisbury, in the state's northwest corner. Built in 1956, it is the nation's third oldest continuously operating road racing venue, behind Road America (1955) and Willow Springs International Motorsports Park (1953). The track was owned by Skip Barber from 1984 to April 2021, a former race car driver who started the Skip Barber Racing School in 1975. Now, it is owned by Lime Rock Group, LLC. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Salisbury, Connecticut
Salisbury (/ˈsɑːlzbɛri/) is a town situated in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The town is the northwesternmost in the state of Connecticut; the Connecticut-Massachusetts-New York tri-state marker is located at the northwestern corner of the town. The population was 4,194 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region.
Papazov Passage
Papazov Passage (Bulgarian: Папазов проток, romanized: Papazov protok, IPA: [pɐˈpazof ˈprɔtok]) is the 4.5 km long and 1 km wide passage between Krogh Island on the east and DuBois Island on the west in Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. St. Christopher Island and Bona Mansio Island lie in the eastern part of the passage.

The feature is named after the Bulgarian oceanographer and seaman Doncho Papazov, who undertook several lifeboat and yacht expeditions including a 164-day single-handed non-stop circumnavigation of Antarctica by way of the ‘Impossible route’ below 40th parallel south and Cape Horn in 1988, and an around-the-world voyage together with his wife Yuliya Gurkovska and their daughter Yana, then 6, in 1979–81.

Bona Mansio Island
Bona Mansio Island (Bulgarian: остров Бона Мансио, romanized: ostrov Bona Mansio, IPA: [ˈɔstrov ˈbɔnɐ ˈmansio]) is the ice-covered island extending 750 m (2,460 ft) in east–west direction and 635 m (2,083 ft) in south–north direction lying in Papazov Passage, Biscoe Islands. The island is separated from the west coast of Krogh Island by a 700 m-long (2,300 ft) passage narrowing to 50 m (160 ft) at points. Its surface area is 30 ha. The feature was formed as a result of the retreat of Krogh Island's ice cap around the turn of 21st century.

The island is named after the ancient Roman road station of Bona Mansio in Southern Bulgaria.
John Hullier
John Hullier or Hulliarde, Huller or Hullyer,  (c. 1520 – 16 April 1556) was an English  clergyman and a Protestant martyr under Mary I of England.

Hullier was a chorister in the Choir of King's College, Cambridge before attending Eton College and then returning to King's College, Cambridge as an undergraduate. Hullier became vicar of the Church of St Peter in Babraham, Cambridgeshire in 1549 until he was deprived in February 1556. He is remembered in a memorial plaque installed in the church.

For his preaching in King's Lynn Hullier was taken to Thomas Thirlby, Bishop of Ely, who sent him to Cambridge. Hullier was examined  on Palm Sunday eve 28 March before a body of divines and lawyers headed by Nicholas Shaxton, at Great St Mary's, Cambridge.

On Maundy Thursday, 16 April 1556 Hullier was burned at the stake on Jesus Green, Cambridge for refusing to renounce the Protestant faith.

Thomas Thirlby
Christianity portal

Thomas Thirlby (or Thirleby; c. 1506–1570), was the first and only bishop of Westminster (1540–50), and afterwards successively bishop of Norwich (1550–54) and bishop of Ely (1554–59). While he acquiesced in the Henrician schism, with its rejection in principle of the Roman papacy, he remained otherwise loyal to the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church during the English Reformation.
Matthew Arundell
Sir Matthew Arundell of Wardour Castle in Wiltshire (c. 1532-34 – 24 December 1598) was an English gentleman, landowner, and member of parliament in the West of England.

From a family of known Roman Catholic recusants, Arundell outwardly conformed to the Church of England, but is believed to have been a crypto-Catholic.

Wardour Castle
Wardour Castle or Old Wardour Castle is a ruined 14th-century castle at Wardour, on the boundaries of the civil parishes of Tisbury and Donhead St Andrew in the English county of Wiltshire, about 15 miles (24 km) west of Salisbury. The castle was built in the 1390s, came into the ownership of the Arundells in the 16th century, and was rendered uninhabitable in 1643 and 1644 during the Civil War. A Grade I listed building, it is managed by English Heritage and open to the public.
Higashi-Niigata Thermal Power Station
Higashi-Niigata Thermal Power Station (東新潟火力発電所, Higashi-Niigata Karyoku Hatsudensho) is a large fossil-fuel thermal power station operated by Tohoku Electric in the town of Seirō, Niigata, Japan. The facility is located on the Sea of Japan coast and is adjacent to Niigata Higashi Port.

Seirō, Niigata
Seirō (聖籠町, Seirō-machi) is a town located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the town had an estimated population of 14,025 in 4715 households, and a population density of 373 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 37.58 square kilometres (14.51 sq mi).
Macroblock
The macroblock is a processing unit in image and video compression formats based on linear block transforms, typically the discrete cosine transform (DCT). A macroblock typically consists of 16×16 samples, and is further subdivided into transform blocks, and may be further subdivided into prediction blocks. Formats which are based on macroblocks include JPEG, where they are called MCU blocks, H.261, MPEG-1 Part 2, H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2, H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. In H.265/HEVC, the macroblock as a basic processing unit has been replaced by the coding tree unit.

High Efficiency Video Coding
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2, is a proprietary video compression standard designed as part of the MPEG-H project as a successor to the widely used Advanced Video Coding (AVC, H.264, or MPEG-4 Part 10). The standard was published in 2013. In comparison to AVC, HEVC offers from 25% to 50% better data compression at the same level of video quality, or substantially improved video quality at the same bit rate. It supports resolutions up to 8192×4320, including 8K UHD, and unlike the primarily eight-bit AVC, HEVC's higher-fidelity Main 10 profile has been incorporated into nearly all supporting hardware. The High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF) is a container format whose default codec is HEVC.

While AVC uses the integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) with 4×4 and 8×8 block sizes, HEVC uses both integer DCT and discrete sine transform (DST) with varied block sizes between 4×4 and 32×32.
Proto-Malay
The term Proto-Malay, primeval Malays, proto-Hesperonesians, first-wave Hesperonesians or primeval Hesperonesians, which translates to Melayu Asli (aboriginal Malay) or Melayu Purba (ancient Malay) or Melayu Tua (old Malay), refers to Austronesian speakers who moved from mainland Asia, to the Malay Peninsula and Malay Archipelago in a long series of migrations between 2500 and 1500 BCE, before that of the Deutero-Malays about a thousand years later. The Proto-Malays have ancestry of the first humans living in Southeast Asia.

The Proto-Malays are believed to have been seafarers knowledgeable in oceanography who possessed advanced fishing as well as basic agricultural skills. Over the years, they settled in various places and adopted various customs and religions as a result of acculturation and inter-marriage with most of the people they come in contact with, such as the Semang and Senoi peoples.

Semang
The Semang are an ethnic-minority group of the Malay Peninsula. They live in mountainous and isolated forest regions of Perak, Pahang, Kelantan and Kedah of Malaysia and the southern provinces of Thailand. The Semang are among the different ethnic groups of Southeast Asia who, based on their dark skin and other perceived physical similarities, are sometimes referred to by the superficial term Negrito.

They have been recorded since before the 3rd century. They are ethnologically described as nomadic hunter-gatherers.

The Semang are grouped together with other Orang Asli groups, a diverse grouping of several distinct hunter-gatherer populations. Historically they preferred to trade with the local population. For more than one thousand years, some of the Semang people remained in isolation while others were either subjected to slave raids or forced to pay tribute to Southeast Asian rulers.
Battle of Gainesville
The Battle of Gainesville was an American Civil War engagement fought on August 17, 1864, when a Confederate force defeated Union detachments from Jacksonville, Florida. The result of the battle was the Confederate occupation of Gainesville for the remainder of the war.

2nd Florida Cavalry Regiment (Confederate)
The 2nd Florida Cavalry was a cavalry regiment of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It was formed in Jacksonville in July 1861. It's men were raised from multiple counties, including St. John, Marion, Gadsden, Madison, Sumter, and modern day Lake County.

The regiment's commanders and staff were Colonel John Caraway Smith, Lt. Colonel Abner H. McCormick, Major Robert Harrison, and Sergeant Major W. A. Forward. Its best known company commander was arguably Captain John J. Dickinson, the "Swamp Fox" of Florida.
Bao Yixin
Zhao Yatong (Chinese: 赵娅彤; born Bao Yixin, 29 September 1992) is a Chinese badminton doubles player. She won titles in the women's doubles category with many different partners. She won two World Junior titles at the 2010 BWF World Junior Championships held in Guadalajara, Mexico. In the girls' doubles event, she was crowned World Junior Champion with Ou Dongni and in the mixed doubles she was crowned with Liu Cheng. She also won the mixed doubles at the 2009 Asian Junior Championships with Lu Kai and the mixed doubles at the 2010 Asian Junior Championships with Liu Cheng. Partnering with Tang Yuanting, Bao became the women's doubles champion at the 2015 All England Open. Bao graduated with a bachelor's degree from Xiangtan University.

2013 Hong Kong Super Series
The 2013 Hong Kong Open Superseries is a top level badminton competition which took place from November 19, 2013, to November 24, 2013, in Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was the twelfth BWF Superseries competition on the 2013 BWF Superseries schedule. The total purse for the event is $350,000. A qualification round was held for all five disciplines.
Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata
The ancient ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata in Mauritania were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1996.

Ouadane and Chinguetti are located in the Adrar Region, Tichitt in the Tagant Region and Oualata in the Hodh Ech Chargui Region. These cities were founded around the 11th century as stopping places for the caravans of the Trans-Saharan trade crossing the Sahara.

Once prosperous centres of Saharan culture, these cities survive today with many difficulties, not only due to the radical transformation of the trade routes, but above all because of the advancing sands of the desert.

Ouadane
Ouadane or Wādān (Arabic: وادان) is a small town in the desert region of central Mauritania, situated on the southern edge of the Adrar Plateau, 93 kilometres (58 mi) northeast of Chinguetti. The town was a staging post in the trans-Saharan trade and for caravans transporting slabs of salt from the mines at Idjil.

The old town, a World Heritage Site, though in ruins, is still substantially intact, while a small modern settlement lies outside its gate.

Ouadane is the closest town to the Richat Structure, a massive circular landmark visible from space.

The whole Ouadane commune has a total size of 118,210 square kilometres (45,640 sq mi), mostly consisting of desert. The main town is located in the south-west of the commune.
Kentucky Route 237
Kentucky Route 237 (KY 237) is a 14.872-mile-long (23.934 km) state highway in Boone County, Kentucky, connecting the Florence/Burlington area with Hebron. The southern terminus of the route is at KY 536 in Florence. The northern terminus is at KY 8 near Hebron. Most of the land surrounding KY 237 is residential.

Kentucky Route 536
Kentucky Route 536 (KY 536) is a state highway that connects Rabbit Hash to Alexandria via Florence and Independence in Northern Kentucky, United States. The western terminus of the route is at Kentucky Route 338 in Rabbit Hash. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 27 in Alexandria.
Eduard Kokoity
Eduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoyty (Ossetian: Кокойты Джабейы фырт Эдуард, romanized: Kokojty Ĝabejy fyrt Edward; born 31 October 1964) is an Ossetian politician who served as the second president of South Ossetia of the partially recognized state of South Ossetia from 2001 to 2011.

2006 South Ossetian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in South Ossetia on 12 November 2006, coinciding with the South Ossetian independence referendum. Incumbent Eduard Kokoity was seeking a second full five-year term. He was re-elected with more than 98% of the vote. According to the de facto authorities, the election was monitored by a team of 34 international observers from Germany, Austria, Poland, Sweden and other countries at 78 polling stations. The election process was criticised by local civic society and the results were deemed likely to be inflated.
Nagarjuna
Nāgārjuna (Sanskrit: नागार्जुन, Nāgārjuna; c. 150 – c. 250 CE) was an Indian philosopher and Mahāyāna Buddhist monk of the Madhyamaka (Centrism, Middle Way) school. Nāgārjuna is widely considered one of the most important Buddhist philosophers. He was the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Buddhist philosophy and a defender of the Mahāyāna movement. His Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (Root Verses on Madhyamaka, MMK) is the most important text on the Madhyamaka philosophy of emptiness. The MMK inspired a large number of commentaries in Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, Korean and Japanese and continues to be studied today.

Caitika
The Caitika (Chinese: 制多山部 or 制多部) was an early Buddhist school, a sub-sect of the Mahāsāṃghika. They were also known as the Caityaka sect.

The Caitikas proliferated throughout the mountains of South India, from which they derived their name. In Pali writings, members of this sect and its offshoots were generally referred to as the Andhakas, meaning "of Coastal Andhra".
Slaugenhopia
Slaugenhopia is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl within the family Tupilakosauridae. Fossils have been found from the Early Permian San Angelo Formation in Texas. The type and only species, S. texensis, was named in 1962. It may be closely related to the dvinosaur Kourerpeton. Slaugenhopia was once classified as a trimerorhachid but is now classified as a tupilakosaurid.

Kourerpeton
Kourerpeton is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl. Fossils of Kourerpeton were discovered in a window of a barber's shop in either Bisbee or Mesa, Arizona. Kourerpeton was named in 1976, with the type and only species being K. bradyi. It was originally assigned to the monotypic family Kourerpetidae, which has been alternatively spelled Kourerpetontidae.
James Gabriel Huquier
James Gabriel Huquier, originally Jacques-Gabriel (1730–1805) was a portrait-painter and engraver.  He was the son of the roccoco engraver Gabriel Huquier and his wife Marie-Ann (Desvignes).  One of Huquier's subjects was Chevalier d'Eon, an early transvestite.

Gabriel Huquier
Gabriel Huquier (1695–1772) was an entrepreneurial French drawer (artist), engraver, printmaker, publisher, and art collector,  who became a pivotal figure in the production of French 18th-century ornamental etchings and engravings
MERSI protocol
The MERSI protocol is a cache coherency and memory coherence protocol used by the PowerPC G4. The protocol consists of five states, Modified (M), Exclusive (E), Read Only or Recent (R), Shared (S) and Invalid (I). The M, E, S and I states are the same as in the MESI protocol. The R state is similar to the E state in that it is constrained to be the only clean, valid, copy of that data in the computer system. Unlike the E state, the processor is required to initially request ownership of the cache line in the R state before the processor may modify the cache line and transition to the M state. In both the MESI and MERSI protocols, the transition from the E to M is silent.

For any given pair of caches, the permitted states of a given cache line are as follows:

MESI protocol
The MESI protocol is an invalidate-based cache coherence protocol, and is one of the most common protocols that support write-back caches. It is also known as the Illinois protocol due to its development at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Write back caches can save considerable bandwidth generally wasted on a write through cache. There is always a dirty state present in write-back caches that indicates that the data in the cache is different from that in the main memory. The Illinois Protocol requires a cache-to-cache transfer on a miss if the block resides in another cache. This protocol reduces the number of main memory transactions with respect to the MSI protocol. This marks a significant improvement in performance.
Waiting (Thursday album)
Waiting is the debut studio album by American rock band Thursday. The album was produced by Sal Villanueva and released on Eyeball Records in 1999. The photography throughout the album's artwork, with the exception of live shots, was done by Tom Keeley's uncle, Dennis Keeley.

This was the band's only album recorded with rhythm guitarist Bill Henderson, who would be replaced by Steve Pedulla in 2000.

Geoff Rickly
Geoffrey William Rickly (born March 8, 1979) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer and songwriter of rock band Thursday. He is also a member of hardcore punk band United Nations and the alternative rock group No Devotion with former members of Lostprophets, and is the founder of the label Collect Records. In 2023, his debut novel, Someone Who Isn't Me, was published by Rose Books.
Waukeenah, Florida
Waukeenah is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 259, down from 272 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Tallahassee metropolitan area.

Jefferson County, Florida
Jefferson County is a county located in the Big Bend region in the northern part of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,510. Its county seat is Monticello. Jefferson County is part of the Tallahassee, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area but is the 3rd most rural county in Florida. There are no traffic signals within the entire county.