hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emperor Xizong of Tang
Emperor Xizong of Tang (June 8, 862 – April 20, 888), né Li Yan, later name changed to Li Xuan (Chinese: 李儇, changed 873), was an emperor of China's Tang dynasty. He reigned from 873 to 888. He was the fifth son of his predecessor Emperor Yizong and was the elder brother of his successor Emperor Zhaozong. His reign saw his realm overrun by the great agrarian rebellions led by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao, and while both were eventually defeated, by the end of Emperor Xizong's reign, the Tang state had virtually disintegrated into pieces ruled by individual warlords, rather than the imperial government, and would never recover, falling eventually in 907.

Wei Baoheng
Wei Baoheng (韋保衡) (died 873), courtesy name Yunyong (蘊用), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty. He became extremely powerful late in the reign of his father-in-law Emperor Yizong, rising to the post of chancellor and becoming the most powerful official at court, but after Emperor Yizong's death was accused of crimes, exiled, and forced to commit suicide.
Labor Defender
Labor Defender   (1926–1937) was a magazine published by the International Labor Defense (ILD), itself a legal advocacy organization established in 1925 as the American section of the Comintern's International Red Aid network and thus as support to the Communist Party (which in 1926 was legally the Workers Party of America).

James S. Allen
James S. "Jim" Allen (born Sol Auerbach; 1906–1986) was an American Marxist historian, journalist, editor, activist, and functionary of the Communist Party USA. Allen is best remembered as the author and editor of over two dozen books and pamphlets and as one of the party's leading experts on African American history.

Allen is credited with helping to save from execution the young black men charged in the Scottsboro case by his prompt and relentless publicity of the case, which helped make their trial a cause célèbre.
Frances Augusta Conant
Frances Augusta Conant (née, Hemingway; December 23, 1842 – April 28, 1903) was an American journalist, editor, and businesswoman. She was born in New York and began contributing to publications in her youth. Over the course of her career, she worked as a correspondent, editor, and contributor to numerous newspapers and journals in New York City, Philadelphia, and Chicago. She collaborated frequently with her husband, Claudius W. Conant, and was involved in writing for the Living Church, Advance, Industrial World, and other publications. Conant served as editor and business manager of the Journal of Industrial Education and later edited the American Traveler and Tourist. She was the co-founder and principal promoter of the Illinois Woman's Press Association (IWPA), where she served as secretary during its first two years and was later awarded honorary life membership. In the 1890s, she shifted her focus to business, helping to organize the Woman's Canning and Preserving Company.

Illinois Woman's Press Association
The Illinois Woman's Press Association (IWPA) is an Illinois-based organization of professional women and men pursuing careers across the communications spectrum. It was founded in 1885 by a group of 47 women who saw a need for communication and support between women writers.  The organization was incorporated on June 26, 1907.
Curonian Spit National Park (Russia)
Curonian Spit National Park (Russian: Национальный парк «Куршская коса») covers the Russian-owned southern 41 km of the 98 km long, curved Curonian Spit – a type of depositional sandbar.  The spit separates the salt-water Baltic Sea (on the west) from the freshwater Curonian Lagoon to the east.  The southern portion of the spit lies within Zelenogradsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia; the northern portion lies within southwestern Lithuania. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by the two countries.

Curonian Spit
The Curonian Spit, sometimes called Courish Split (Lithuanian: Kuršių nerija; Russian: Ку́ршская коса́ / Kurshskaya kosa, German: Kurische Nehrung), is a 98-kilometre (61 mi) long, thin, curved sand-dune spit that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by Lithuania and Russia. Its southern portion lies within Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, and its northern within southwestern Klaipėda County of Lithuania.
Hawthorn Bridge
The Hawthorn Bridge crosses the Yarra River, five kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, connecting Bridge Road and Burwood Road. It is the oldest extant bridge over the Yarra River and is one of the oldest metal bridges in Australia.  It was constructed in the early wave of major new infrastructure funded by the Victorian gold rush. Designed by Francis Bell, it is a substantial riveted, wrought iron, lattice truss structure, with bluestone abutments and piers.

Bluestone
Bluestone is a cultural or commercial name for a number of natural dimension or building stone varieties, including:

basalt in Victoria, Australia, and in New Zealand

dolerites in Tasmania, Australia; and in Britain (including Stonehenge)

feldspathic sandstone in the US and Canada

limestone in the Shenandoah Valley in the US, from the Hainaut quarries in Soignies, Belgium, and from quarries in County Carlow, County Galway and County Kilkenny in Ireland

slate in South Australia

It is unrelated to human-made blue brick.
Marquess of Ailsa
Marquess of Ailsa, of the Isle of Ailsa in the County of Ayr, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 10 September 1831 for Archibald Kennedy, 12th Earl of Cassillis. The title Earl of Cassillis (pronounced "Cass-ells") had been created in 1509 for the 3rd Lord Kennedy. This title had been created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1457. The 1st Marquess had been created Baron Ailsa in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 12 November 1806.

The name of the title was taken from the Island of Ailsa Craig in the Firth of Clyde.

James Kennedy, Archbishop of St Andrews, was the younger brother of the first Lord Kennedy.

The Marquess of Ailsa is the hereditary Clan Chief of Clan Kennedy.

The family's seats were Cassillis House and Culzean Castle, near Maybole, Ayrshire.

Maybole
Maybole (Scottish Gaelic: Am Magh Baoghail, lit. 'plain of danger') is a town and former burgh of barony and police burgh in South Ayrshire, Scotland. It had an estimated population of 
4,580 in 2020. It is situated 9 miles (14 km) south of Ayr and 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Glasgow by the Glasgow and South Western Railway. The town is bypassed by the A77.
Ferry
A ferry is a boat or ship that transports passengers, and occasionally vehicles and cargo, across a body of water. A small passenger ferry with multiple stops, like those in Venice, Italy, is sometimes referred to as a water taxi or water bus.

Ferries form a part of the public transport systems of many waterside cities and islands, allowing direct transit between points at a capital cost much lower than bridges or tunnels. Ship connections of much larger distances (such as over long distances in water bodies like the Baltic Sea) may also be called ferry services, and many carry vehicles.

Hydrofoil
A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water. It is similar in appearance and purpose to aerofoils used by airplanes. Boats that use hydrofoil technology are also simply termed hydrofoils. As a craft gains speed, the hydrofoils lift the boat's hull out of the water, decreasing drag and allowing greater speeds.
George Mitcheson
Sir George Gibson Mitcheson JP (27 June 1883 – 18 June 1955) was a British solicitor and Conservative Party politician. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for St Pancras South West from 1931 until 1945 and the President of the National Chamber of Trade for the British Chamber of Commerce.

St Pancras South West
St Pancras South West was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was created in 1918 by the division of St Pancras South into South East and South West divisions, and abolished in 1950.
Joe Turner's Come and Gone
Joe Turner's Come and Gone is a play by American playwright August Wilson. It is the second installment of his decade-by-decade chronicle of the African-American experience, The Pittsburgh Cycle, also known as The Century Cycle. The play was first staged 1984 at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center and opened on Broadway in 1989. It received a Broadway revival in 2009.

Lloyd Richards
Lloyd George Richards  (June 29, 1919 – June 29, 2006) was a Canadian-American theatre director, and actor. While head of the National Playwrights Conference, he helped cultivate many of the most famous theater writers of the 20th century. He was also the dean of the Yale School of Drama from 1979 to 1991 (later Professor Emeritus), and was the first Black director on Broadway.

Among Richards' accomplishments are his staging the original production of Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun, debuting on Broadway to standing ovations, and in 1984 he introduced August Wilson to Broadway in Ma Rainey's Black Bottom.
Judith Serenge
Judith Serenge (born 21 January 1976) was a Kenyan female volleyball player. She was part of the Kenya women's national volleyball team.

She competed with the national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. She played with Kenya Pipelines in 2004.

Kenya women's national volleyball team
The Kenya women's national volleyball team, the Malkia Strikers, represents Kenya in international volleyball competitions. Kenya has dominated the African continent since the 1990s, winning the Women's African Volleyball Championship a record of ten times. They have qualified four times for the Olympics; in 2000, 2004, 2020 and 2024.

Kenya also has a beach volleyball team, who were the only women's team at the Tokyo Olympics. Kenya's women's sitting volleyball team did not qualify for Tokyo.
The Truth (1998 film)
The Truth is a 1998 Malayalam-language police procedural thriller film written by S. N. Swamy and directed by Shaji Kailas. Mammootty plays the lead role of an IPS officer investigating a political assassination of the CM. The film was dubbed in Tamil as Unmai and in Telugu as Delhi Simham. It was remade in Kannada as Naxalite in 2000.

Shaji Kailas
Shaji Kailas (born 8 February 1965) is an Indian film director and screenwriter known for his works in Malayalam cinema. Shaji got a breakthrough with the comedy film Dr. Pasupathy (1990).

He is best known for his action films with mainly focusing on political thriller and crime genres such as Thalastaanam (1992), Sthalathe Pradhana Payyans (1993), Ekalavyan (1993), Mafia (1993), Commissioner (1994), The King (1995), Aaraam Thampuran (1997), Narasimham (2000), Valliettan (2000), Kaduva and Kaapa (2022).
Broke: Who Killed the Middle Classes?
Broke: Who Killed the Middle Classes? is a 2013 book by David Boyle.  It examines the living standards of the middle class in the UK, and concludes they are in steep decline, with opportunities once available to many now only available to a few.  It then seeks to identify the policies and people responsible.

David Boyle (author)
David Courtney Boyle (20 May 1958 – 20 June 2025) was a British author and journalist who wrote mainly about history and new ideas in economics, money, business, and culture. He lived in Steyning, West Sussex, England.

Boyle conducted an independent review for the Treasury and the Cabinet Office on public demand for choice in public services which reported in 2013. Boyle was a co-founder and policy director of Radix, which he characterized in 2017 as a radical centrist think tank. He was also co-director of the mutual think tank New Weather Institute.
Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.

Owens Lake
Owens Lake is a dry lake in the Owens Valley on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada in Inyo County, California. It is about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Lone Pine. Unlike most dry lakes in the Basin and Range Province that have been dry for thousands of years, Owens held significant water until 1913, when much of the Owens River was diverted into the Los Angeles Aqueduct, causing the lake to desiccate by 1926. In 2006, 5% of the water flow was restored. As of 2013, it is the largest single source of dust pollution in the United States, and has been known since at least the 1990s as a pervasive source of fine alkaline dust containing harmful levels of particulates and chemicals.
Latoon fairy bush
The Latoon fairy bush, or Latoon fairy tree, is a whitethorn tree situated beside the M18 motorway in Latoon, County Clare, Ireland that was the subject of a preservation campaign led by Irish folklorist Eddie Lenihan in 1999 to save it from being cut down when the motorway was being built. According to Lenihan, the tree is an "important meeting place for supernatural forces of the region".

The campaign purportedly held up the construction of the motorway for 10 years. Lenihan warned that its destruction could have resulted in "death and great misfortune for motorists travelling on the proposed new road". The tree was eventually spared in May 1999, and still grows in situ as of 2026.

Eddie Lenihan
Edmund Lenihan (born 1950), known as Eddie Lenihan, is an Irish author, storyteller, lecturer and broadcaster. He is one of the few practising seanchaithe (traditional Irish lore-keepers and tale-spinners) remaining in Ireland.
Roy Kinnear
Roy Mitchell Kinnear (8 January 1934 – 20 September 1988) was a British character actor and comedian. He was known for playing Algernon in The Beatles' Help! (1965), Clapper in How I Won the War (1967), Mr. Salt in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971), and Planchet in The Three Musketeers (1973) and its two sequels. On television, Kinnear starred in The Dick Emery Show (1979–1981), Man About the House (1974–1975), George and Mildred (1976–1979), and Cowboys (1980–1981).

The Four Musketeers (1974 film)
The Four Musketeers (also known as The Four Musketeers (The Revenge of Milady)) is a 1974 British swashbuckler film and sequel to the 1973 film The Three Musketeers, covering the second half of Dumas' 1844 novel The Three Musketeers.

Fifteen years after completion of The Four Musketeers, much of the cast and crew reassembled to film The Return of the Musketeers (1989), loosely based on Dumas' Twenty Years After (1845).
Follow the Wind
"Follow the Wind" is a song by Barry Gibb and the Bee Gees. Written by Barry Gibb and produced by Bill Shepherd, it was released as the B-side of "Wine and Women" which charted in Australia. It was later included on The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs (1965). It was one of the folk rock songs on the album, the others being "I Don't Think It's Funny", "And the Children Laughing", and "I Was a Lover, a Leader of Men".

The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs
The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs is the debut studio album by the Bee Gees. Credited to Barry Gibb And The Bee Gees, it was released in November 1965 on the Australian Leedon label (1967's Bee Gees' 1st was their third album, but their first international album). It is largely a compilation of most of the Gibb brothers' singles that had been released over the previous two years in Australia, which accounts for the many different styles of music on it.
Har Gilo
Har Gilo (Hebrew: הַר גִּלֹה, lit. 'Mount Gilo'; Arabic: هار جيلو) is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, organized as a community settlement, located about 2 kilometers west of the Palestinian city of Bethlehem and 5 kilometers south of Jerusalem, in the northern Judean hills.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Beit Jala
Beit Jala (Arabic: بيت جالاⓘ) is a Palestinian Christian town in the Bethlehem Governorate of Palestine, in the West Bank. Beit Jala is located 10 km (6.2 mi)10 km south of Jerusalem, on the western side of the Hebron road, opposite Bethlehem, at 825 meters (2,707 ft) altitude. In 2017, Beit Jala had 13,484 inhabitants according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. About 80% of the population were Christians (mostly Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic) and about 20% Muslims.

Saint Nicholas – the inspiration for Santa Claus – is the patron saint of Beit Jala, where the Church of Saint Nicholas was built over a crypt where it is believed he lived for a couple years during his time in Palestine.
Tlapa de Comonfort
Tlapa de Comonfort, often shortened to Tlapa and known as Tindaꞌi in Mixtec, is a city in the mountain region of the Mexican state of Guerrero. It also serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name.

"Tlapa" is a Nahuatl exonym from tlappan or tluhpan, meaning "place of washing". The "de Comonfort" part of the name is in homage to President Ignacio Comonfort.

Tlapa de Comonfort (municipality)
Tlapa de Comonfort is a municipality in the Mexican state of Guerrero. The municipal seat lies at Tlapa de Comonfort.  The municipality covers an area of 1,054 km2.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 65,763.
Petals to Thorns
Petals to Thorns is the debut extended play by American singer-songwriter D4vd, released on May 26, 2023, through Darkroom and Interscope Records. The EP was primarily recorded in his sister's closet using the digital audio workstation tool BandLab. Production credits include Spencer Stewart, Stint, and Robin Hannibal, among others.

Petals to Thorns features seven singles, including the commercially-successful singles "Romantic Homicide" and "Here with Me". The EP explores themes of love and heartbreak. It marked D4vd's debut on the Billboard 200, reaching number 51 in 2025.

In 2025, "This Is How It Feels" featuring Laufey was removed from streaming services following the discovery of decomposed remains in a Tesla registered to D4vd.

Death of Celeste Rivas Hernandez
On September 8, 2025, the remains of 14-year-old Celeste Rivas Hernandez were discovered in Los Angeles, California, inside the front trunk of an impounded Tesla registered to music artist David Anthony Burke, known professionally as D4vd. As of February 2026, the investigation remains active with no criminal charges filed.
John C. O'Connor
John Christopher O'Connor (December 21, 1878 – January 5, 1922) was an American college football player, coach, and physician. He served as the head football coach at Bowdoin College from 1902 to 1903, at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI)—now known as Virginia Tech—in 1904, and at Dartmouth College from 1907 to 1908, compiling a career coaching record of 26–14–2. O'Connor played football at Dartmouth from 1898 to 1901, and captained the team in 1901.

O'Connor was born in Bradford, Massachusetts on December 21, 1878. He graduated from Haverhill High School in 1898, Dartmouth College in 1902, and the Bowdoin Medical School in 1905. O'Connor served on the staff of the Eliot and Balch hospitals in Manchester, New Hampshire. He died there on January 5, 1922.

Bradford, Massachusetts
Bradford is a village and former town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States.  Eastern Bradford is the current town of Groveland, while western Bradford was annexed by the city of Haverhill, and today consists of the part of Haverhill on the south bank of the Merrimack River.  While its separate existence from Haverhill has been largely obscured, the names of many locations in the area still bear the Bradford name.
Sembilu
Sembilu (English: Painful) is a 1994 Malaysian Malay-language romantic drama film produce, written and directed by Yusof Haslam starring Erra Fazira in her first acting debut, Awie, Ziana Zain and Mustapha Kamal. The story concerns on a love story between a famous rock singer, (Awie), with his lover Wati (Erra Fazira) which is opposed by Wati's brother (Mustapha Kamal).

Ziana Zain
Siti Roziana Zain (born 2 May 1968) is a Malaysian pop singer and actress. Her music career began in the early '90s with her signature single, "Madah Berhelah" followed by hits like "Terlerai Kasih", "Setia Ku Di Sini" and "Puncak Kasih". In 1995, she was crowned Voice of Asia in Kazakhstan.
Faith Burrows
Faith Swank Burrows (November 17, 1904 – April 11, 1997)  was an American cartoonist during the Jazz Age.

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Burrows drew a daily comic panel called Flapper Filosofy (sometimes spelled Flapper Filosophy) for King Features Syndicate. Each panel exhibited a flapper attired in the current fashions with a humorous caption at the bottom. Burrows' panel ran in competition for a time with Ethel Hays' similarly themed Flapper Fanny Says panel from Newspaper Enterprise Association.

In the early 1930s, she also drew a daily panel, Ritzy Rosalie, for King Features.

Writers in the United States such as F. Scott Fitzgerald and Anita Loos, and illustrators such as Russell Patterson, John Held Jr., Ethel Hays and Faith Burrows popularized the flapper look and lifestyle through their works, and flappers came to be seen as attractive, reckless and independent.

Burrows resided in St. Louis, Missouri at the time of her death.

Flapper Filosofy
Flapper Filosofy (sometimes called Flapper Filosophy) is a newspaper comic panel distributed by King Features Syndicate and the O'Dell Newspaper Service. It ran during the flapper era, from 1929 to 1935. The art was by Faith Burrows.

Each panel exhibited a flapper wearing one of the current fashions, with a witticism typed at the bottom. Burrows drew her panels at an image size of 3" × 6" on Bristol boards measuring 3½" × 6½".

Burrows' series ran in competition for a time with Ethel Hays' similarly themed and well-established Flapper Fanny Says panel from NEA. As writers such as F. Scott Fitzgerald and Anita Loos, and illustrators such as Burrows, Hays, Russell Patterson and John Held Jr. popularized the flapper look and lifestyle through their works, flappers came to be seen as attractive, reckless and independent.