hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colombia–Ecuador border
The Colombia–Ecuador border is an international boundary between the territories of Colombia and Ecuador. It consists of two sections, one terrestrial and one marine, well-defined:

The first section is a continuous line of 586 kilometres, running from east to west (from the Güepí River to the mouth of the Mataje River in Ancón de Sardinas Bay in the Pacific Ocean). It is about 28% of what was once the border between Colombia and Ecuador after the disintegration of Gran Colombia in 1830. The current land border was demarcated permanently by Muñoz-Suárez Vernaza Treaty on 15 July 1916.
The second tranche starts at the end point of the land boundary and runs 200 nautical miles offshore, as expressed in the law of the sea. This part was demarcated by the Liévano-Lucio Treaty August 23, 1975.

Ancón de Sardinas
Ancón de Sardinas ('Sardinas Bight') is a bight in the Pacific Ocean, located on the border between Colombia, which is to the north (Nariño Department), and Ecuador, which is to the south (Esmeraldas Province). In this place begins the maritime delimitation of the border between Colombia and Ecuador, which consists of a single treaty signed on August 23, 1975 and, from the intersection of the extension of the land border and the confluence of the territorial areas of both countries, a midpoint is marked in the bay; From here to the Mataje River, which flows into it, a line is drawn that terminates the boundary.
Datsun sidevalve engine
Nissan's sidevalve engines were internal combustion automotive engines used in a variety of vehicles. They were based on the Austin 7 engine, with which they shared the 76 mm (2.99 in) stroke. The series began with a 495 cc iteration for the 1930 Datson Type 10 and ended with the 860 cc Type 10 engine that was used until 1964 for light commercial vehicles. Later versions were called the B-1. It was replaced in 1957 by the OHV Nissan C engine that was essentially a de-stroked version of another Austin design, the BMC B-Series.

Datsun truck
The Datsun Truck is a compact pickup truck made by Nissan in Japan from 1955 to 1997. It was originally sold under the Datsun brand, but this was switched to Nissan in 1983. It was replaced in 1997 by the Frontier and Navara. In Japan, it was sold only in Nissan Bluebird Store locations.
Ministry of Environment (Taiwan)
The Ministry of Environment (MOENV; Chinese: 環境部; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khoân-kéng Pō͘), formerly the Environmental Protection Administration, is a cabinet-level ministry responsible for protecting and conserving the environment in Taiwan. The ministry's scope includes air quality, noise control, monitoring and inspection of environment, solid waste, recycling, sustainable development and international cooperation.

It is led by the Minister for Environment, who is supported by two deputy ministers.

Recycling in Taiwan
Taiwan has one of the most efficient recycling programs globally, with a 55% collection rate from households and businesses and a 77% collection rate from industrial waste in 2019. Taiwan's high recycling rates are unattainable in most countries due to Taiwanese geographical advantages along with efficient waste processing technologies and systems.
Livadh Lake
Livadh Lake (Albanian: Liqeni i Livadhit or Shterbaqko; Serbian: Штрбачко језеро, Štrbačko jezero or Ливадичко језеро, Livadičko jezero, Macedonian: Ливадичко езеро) is a mountain lake in the Shar Mountains in Kosovo. It lies at an elevation of 2,173 m (7,129 ft) above sea level and has a maximum length of 228 m (748 ft) and a maximum width of 120 m (394 ft).

It is next to the Tumba Peak (Šar) and Maja Livadh peaks.

Šar Mountains
The Šar Mountains (Macedonian: Шар Планина, romanized: Šar Planina; Serbian: Шар-планина / Šar-planina; colloquially also Šara, Cyrillic: Шара) or Sharr Mountains (Albanian: Malet e Sharrit, pronounced [malɛt ɛ ʃarit]) is a mountain range in Southeast Europe, extending into several countries from southern Kosovo, to northwestern North Macedonia, to northeastern Albania. The sections in Kosovo (Sharr Mountains National Park) and North Macedonia (Šar Planina National Park) are national parks. Rugged and barren, the mountains are among the highest in the Balkans, with 30 peaks higher than 2,500 m (8,202 ft).
Human capital
Human capital or human assets is a concept used by economists to designate personal attributes considered useful in the production process. It encompasses employee knowledge, skills, know-how, good health, and education. Human capital has a substantial impact on individual earnings. Research indicates that investments in human capital generate high economic returns throughout childhood and young adulthood.

Companies can invest in human capital; for example, through education and training, improving levels of quality and production.

Individual capital
Individual capital, the economic view of talent, comprises inalienable or personal traits of persons, tied to their bodies and available only through their own free will, such as skill, creativity, enterprise, courage, capacity for moral example,  non-communicable wisdom, invention or empathy, non-transferable personal trust and leadership.
Hungry Harry's Famous Barbecue
Hungry Harry's Famous Barbecue is a barbecue restaurant in Land O' Lakes, Florida, United States. Established in 1985 on U.S. 41, it is considered a landmark and features in community celebrations and fundraisers. Owner Harry Wright serves on the board of the Suncoast Harvest Food Bank and was grand marshal of the community's annual Flapjack Festival parade in 2005.

The restaurant is on 5.8 acres including 350 feet of lake frontage. The business also operates a catering food truck business. and opened a location in Seffner in 2005. It was selected by a Land O' Lakes School as one of Land O' Lakes's "seven wonders" along with the Land O' Lakes Library, Land O' Lakes Recreation Center, Walmart, Target, Oakstead Elementary School, and the McDonald's with motorcycles in the play area. The St. Petersburg Times noted in 2010 that while Seffner was without a Starbucks or Panera Bread, the Hungry Harry's "just added 'red neck nachos' to the menu."

Land O' Lakes, Florida
Land O' Lakes is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida MSA. As of the 2020 US census, the CDP had a population of 35,929.
Sylvain Arend
Sylvain Julien Victor Arend (6 August 1902 – 18 February 1992) was a Belgian astronomer born in Robelmont, Luxembourg province, Belgium. His main interest was astrometry.

Together with Georges Roland, he discovered the bright comet C/1956 R1 (Arend-Roland). He also discovered, or co-discovered, the periodic comets 49P/Arend-Rigaux and 50P/Arend, Nova Scuti 1952, and a number of asteroids, including notably the Amor asteroid 1916 Boreas and the Trojan asteroid 1583 Antilochus. He also discovered 1652 Hergé which is named after Hergé, the creator of The Adventures of Tintin. The asteroid 1563 Noël is named after his son, Emanuel Arend.

In 1948, Arend started together with sixteen other people the skeptic organisation Comité Para. The outer main-belt asteroid 1502 Arenda was named in his honor.

1652 Hergé
1652 Hergé, provisional designation 1953 PA, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 August 1953, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, Belgium. It was later named after Belgian cartoonist Hergé.
Aleksandr Selevko
Aleksandr Selevko (born 23 May 2001) is an Estonian figure skater. He is the 2024 European silver medalist, the 2025 Skate Canada International silver medalist, an eight-time ISU Challenger Series medalist, the 2019 Nordics bronze medalist, and a four-time Estonian national champion (2020–22, 2026).

Selevko is the first Estonian skater to win a medal at a senior international championship and the first Estonian men's skater to win a medal at an ISU Grand Prix.

He represented Estonia at the 2022 Winter Olympics and the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Tallinn Trophy
The Tallinn Trophy is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted in Tallinn, Estonia, by the Estonian Skating Union (Estonian: Eesti Uisuliit). It debuted in 2002 as a regional competition before expanding as an international event in 2011 and joining the ISU Challenger Series in 2015. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; and when the event is part of the Challenger Series, skaters earn ISU World Standing points based on their results.

Aleksandr Selevko of Estonia holds the record for winning the most Tallinn Trophy titles in men's singles (with three), while Stanislava Konstantinova of Russia and Josefin Taljegård of Sweden are tied for winning the most titles in women's singles (with two each). No one team holds the record in pair skating or ice dance, as there have been unique champions each time the event has been held.
Stephen Cole (writer)
Stephen Cole (born 1971) (also credited as Steve Cole, Tara Samms and Paul Grice) is an English author of children's books and science fiction. He was also in charge of BBC Worldwide's merchandising of the BBC Television series Doctor Who between 1997 and 1999 and as executive producer on the Big Finish Productions range of Doctor Who audio dramas.

In 2013, Ian Fleming Publications announced that Cole would continue the Young Bond series first penned by Charlie Higson, with the addition of four new books to the series. The first of these, Shoot to Kill, was published in the UK in November 2014, where Cole is credited as 'Steve Cole'.

Bernice Summerfield
Professor Bernice Surprise Summerfield, or simply Benny, is a fictional character created by author Paul Cornell as a new companion of the Seventh Doctor in Virgin Publishing's range of original full-length Doctor Who novels, the New Adventures. The New Adventures were authorised novels carrying on from where the Doctor Who television series had left off, and Summerfield was introduced in Cornell's novel Love and War in 1992.
Forty Martyrs Cathedral
The Forty Martyrs Armenian Cathedral (Arabic: كنيسة الأربعين شهيد, romanized: Kanīsa al-ʿarbaʾīn šahīd, Armenian: Ս. Քառասնից Մանկանց Մայր Եկեղեցի, romanized: S. K’arrasnits’ Mankants’ Mayr Yekeghets’i) of Aleppo, Syria, is a 15th-century Armenian Apostolic church located in the old Christian quarter of Jdeydeh. It is significant among the Armenian churches for being one of the oldest active churches in the Armenian diaspora and the city of Aleppo. It is a three-nave basilica church with no dome. Its bell tower, of 1912, is considered to be one of the unique samples of the baroque architecture in Aleppo.

Al-Jdayde
Al-Jdayde (Arabic: جديدة "The New Town", also transcribed as al-Jdeideh, al-Judayda, al-Jdeïdé, al-Jadida or al-Jdeydeh) is a historic predominantly Christian neighbourhood of Aleppo. Noted for its winding narrow alleys, richly decorated mansions and churches—it is an area of significant cultural and historical interest. Much of Al-Jdayde suffered catastrophic damage during the Syrian Civil War.
Vidarbha cricket team
The Vidarbha cricket team is an Indian domestic cricket team plays in the India's domestic first-class cricket competition Ranji Trophy and limited-overs Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. It represents the Vidarbha region of eastern Maharashtra. In December 2017, they reached the final of the Ranji Trophy for the first time in their history, after they beat Karnataka by 5 runs in the semi-finals of the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy tournament. In the final, they beat Delhi by 9 wickets to win their first Ranji Trophy. In the 2018-19 Ranji Trophy, Vidarbha successfully defended the crown by defeating Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final played at Nagpur. They won the third title in 2024-25 Ranji Trophy season.

Saurashtra cricket team
Saurashtra cricket team is one of the three first-class cricket teams based in the Indian state of Gujarat (the other two being the Baroda cricket team and the Gujarat cricket team) that competes in India's first-class cricket tournament Ranji Trophy and limited-overs cricket tournaments Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Arch of Trajan (Timgad)
The Arch of Trajan is a Roman triumphal arch located in the city of Timgad (ancient Thamugadi), near Batna, Algeria. It was built between the later 2nd century and the early 3rd century.

The three vaulted arch composed the western gate of the city, at the beginning of the Decumanus Maximus and the end of the road coming from Lambaesis.

Timgad
Timgad (Arabic: تيمقاد, romanized: Tīmqād, known as Marciana Traiana Thamugadi) was a Roman city in the Aurès Mountains of Algeria. It was founded by the Roman Emperor Trajan around 100 AD. The full name of the city was Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi. Emperor Trajan named the city in commemoration of his mother Marcia, eldest sister Ulpia Marciana, and father Marcus Ulpius Traianus.

Located in modern-day Algeria, about 35 kilometers (22 mi) east of the city of Batna, the ruins are noteworthy for representing one of the best extant examples of the grid plan as used in Roman town planning. Timgad was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982.
Yau Tsim Mong District
Yau Tsim Mong District is one of 18 districts of Hong Kong, located on the western part of Kowloon Peninsula. It is the core urban area of Kowloon. The district has the second highest population density of all districts, at 49,115 km2 (18,963 sq mi). The 2016 By-Census recorded the total population of Yau Tsim Mong District at 342,970.

Yau Tsim Mong District contains the urban areas of Yau Ma Tei, Tsim Sha Tsui, and Mong Kok, as well as Ferry Point, King's Park, Kwun Chung, Tai Kok Tsui, Tsim Sha Tsui East, the Union Square and Kowloon Point. Formerly two districts, the Yau Tsim District and Mong Kok District, it was combined in 1994. Its name is an acronym of the three aforementioned major areas.

Kwun Chung
Kwun Chung, or Koon Chung in early documents, is an area of Hong Kong, Yau Ma Tei or Tsim Sha Tsui located in the Yau Tsim Mong District.

In 1979, the MTR station running through Kwun Chung was named Jordan since it intersected Jordan Road and nearby bus stops were also relabelled Jordan. This resulted in the area being called Jordan by residents, since most MTR stations are named after the district or area in which it serves.
John Maynard Woodworth
John Maynard Woodworth (August 15, 1837 – March 14, 1879) was an American physician and member of the Woodworth political family. He served as the first Supervising-Surgeon General under president Ulysses S. Grant, then changed to Surgeon General of the United States Marine Hospital Service from 1871 to 1879.

Woodworth political family
The Woodworth political family is a collection of American and Canadian politicians who descend directly from colonial settler Walter Woodworth. They rose to prominence in the 19th century, serving in several states, in the United States House of Representatives, the House of Commons of Canada, and included America's first Surgeon General. In the modern era, two United States Presidents claim lineage to Walter.
Coxed pair at the Olympics
The coxed pair was a rowing event held at the Summer Olympics. The event was first held for men at the second modern Olympics in 1900. It was not held in 1904, 1908, or 1912. It returned after World War I and was held from 1920 until it was removed from the programme following the 1992 Games, at which point it and the men's coxed four were replaced with the men's lightweight double sculls and men's lightweight coxless four. When women's rowing was added in 1976, only 6 of the 8 men's events had a women's equivalent; the coxed pair and the coxless four were the ones omitted. The coxed pair has never had a women's competition at the Olympics.

Coxed four at the Olympics
The coxed four was a rowing event held at the Summer Olympics. The event was first held for men at the second modern Olympics in 1900. It was not held in 1904 or 1908. It returned in 1912 with two versions: the standard one as well as one with inriggers (the only time that version was held). It continued to be held for men until it was removed from the programme following the 1992 Games, at which point it and the men's coxed pair were replaced with the men's lightweight double sculls and men's lightweight coxless four. The women's event was added when women's rowing was added to the Olympic programme in 1976. It was held each year through 1988, when it was replaced with the women's coxless four.
Pismo Beach, California
Pismo Beach (Chumash: Pismuʔ) is a city in the southern portion of San Luis Obispo County, in the Central Coast area of California, United States. Its estimated population was 8,072 at the 2020 census, up from 7,655 in the 2010 census. The Pismo clam was named for the long, wide beach where they were once found in abundance.

Chumash people
The Chumash are a Native American people of the central and southern coastal regions of California, in portions of what is now Kern, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties, extending from Morro Bay in the north to Malibu in the south to Mount Pinos in the east. Their territory includes three of the Channel Islands: Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel; the smaller island of Anacapa was likely inhabited seasonally due to the lack of a consistent water source.

Modern place names with Chumash origins include Malibu, Nipomo, Lompoc, Ojai, Pismo Beach, Point Mugu, Port Hueneme, Piru, Lake Castaic, Saticoy, Simi Valley, and Somis. Archaeological research shows that the Chumash people have deep roots in the Santa Barbara Channel area and have lived along the southern California coast for millennia.
Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
Emmanuel Bernard Le Roy Ladurie (French: [emanɥɛl bɛʁnaʁ lə ʁwa ladyʁi], 19 July 1929 – 22 November 2023) was a French historian whose work was mainly focused upon Languedoc in the Ancien Régime, particularly the history of the peasantry. One of the leading historians of France, Le Roy Ladurie has been called the "standard-bearer" of the third generation of the Annales school and the "rock star of the medievalists", noted for his work in social history.

Microhistory
Microhistory is a genre of history that focuses on small units of research, such as an event, community, individual or a settlement. According to Charles Joyner microhistory differs from case studies in that microhistory aspires to "[ask] large questions in small places". It is closely associated with social and cultural history.
Tudor food and drink
Tudor food is the food consumed during the Tudor period of English history, from 1485 through to 1603. A common source of food during the Tudor period was bread, which was sourced from a mixture of rye and wheat. New foods were being brought from the newly discovered Americas, such as tomatoes and potatoes. The rich commonly held banquets that consisted of a large variety of courses. There were religious and legal restrictions on certain types of food that was not to be eaten on certain days. Ale and wine were the common drinks of the time. Meals were commonly eaten at 11am (dinner) and 5pm (supper), with some starting to eat breakfast in the early morning. Cookbooks had by now started to appear such as the highly influential Castel of Health (1595) and Herbal (1597).

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Adud al-Dawla Qubad
Adud al-Dawla Qubad was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar  from 1379 to 1381.

The son and successor of Fakhr al-Dawla Shah-Ghazi, Qubad was soon after his accession accused by the Mar'ashis of being uncooperative and mistreating the dervishes of their order. Intenting to incorporate Rustamdar into their domains, the Mar'ashi Sayyid Fakhr al-Din defeated Qubad and seized the coastal parts of Rustamdar in 1380.

A year later (1381), a Mar'ashi force defeated and killed Qubad at a battle at Laktor. The fortress of Kojur was conquered and made the permanent residence of Fakhr al-Din; the Mar'ashis were now the masters of all of Mazandaran. The Baduspanids were temporarily ousted from power, until almost a decade later in 1390, when the Mar'ashis installed Sa'd al-Dawla Tus on the Baduspanid throne in Rustamdar to challenge the Afrasiyabid prince Iskandar-i Shaykhi who accompanied the Turco-Mongol ruler Timur (r. 1370–1405), who intended to conquer Mazandaran.

Baduspanids
The Baduspanids,  Paduspanids or Badusbanids (Persian: بادوسپانیان, romanized: Bâduspâniân), were a local Iranian dynasty of Tabaristan which ruled over Ruyan/Rustamdar. The dynasty was established in 665, and with 933 years of rule as the longest dynasty in Iran, it ended in 1598 when the Safavids invaded and conquered their domains.
Ophidiomyces
Ophidiomyces ophidiicola (formerly Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola) is the cause of ophidiomycosis also known as snake fungal disease or SFD in some species of snakes. It is a keratinophilic fungus from the family Onygenaceae of the order Onygenales. O. ophidiicola is an emerging pathogen of captive and wild snakes in North America and Europe. Clinical signs include skin swelling, crusts, and nodules of the skin. The mode of transmission is unknown, but is speculated to occur with direct contact between snakes or with the contaminated environment. Currently no treatment for O. ophidiicola is available.  O. ophidiicola was identified by Sigler, Hambleton & Paré in 2013. O. ophidiicola is the only species in the genus Ophidiomyces. It was previously known as Chrysosporium ophiodiicola and is closely related to Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV).

Nannizziopsis vriesii
Nannizziopsis vreisii is a keratinophilic microfungus in the Family Onygenaceae of the order Onygenales. Also included in this family are dematophytes and saprophytic species. While the ecology of N. vriessi is not well known, there has been several studies  which identifies the Chrysosporium anamorph of N. vriesii as a causal agent of skin lesions in reptiles across several regions. This species is usually identified under a microscope by its white ascomata, and hyaline and globose ascospores . Like many other fungi, N. vreisii has a sexual and asexual state, the asexual states are classified as the genus Chryososporium, Malbranchea or Sporendonema.