hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tourism in Iraq
Tourism in Iraq refers to tourism in the Western Asian country of Iraq. Iraq was one of the main destinations for many years, however this changed dramatically due to conflicts. Tourism in Iraq has faced many challenges, however, in recent years there have been improvements. The capital city Baghdad is the second largest city in the Arab world and the 4th largest in the Middle East. Iraq has several World Heritage Sites, dating back to ancient Mesopotamia, most notably Babylon Iraq. Iraq is considered to be a potential location for ecotourism.

Erbil was chosen as the "Arab Tourism Capital" for 2014 by the Arab Tourism Committee. Then, Baghdad was chosen as Arab Tourism Capital for 2025. Recent initiatives include the development of Ur Tourist City adjacent to the 4th-millennium BC city of Ur, designed as a religious and heritage tourism centre for the Sumerian archaeological site.

Ur Tourist City
Ur Tourist City (Arabic: مدينة أور السياحية) is a modern heritage and tourism hub established beside the archaeological site of the Sumerian city Ur in Dhi Qar, Iraq, home to the Ziggurat of Ur and – according to Bible and Q'uran – the birthplace of Abraham. The project is intended to provide structured access for pilgrims and visitors and to evolve into a functioning modern city incorporating tourism, residential, educational, and cultural components, with buildings designed to reflect ancient Mesopotamian architecture. It includes Iraq's first dedicated film and media production complex, featuring a large studio for historical Mesopotamian-era works. Construction is being implemented in multi-phase stages under the supervision of the Iraqi Council of Ministers.
Shrine of Our Lady of Europe (Italy)
The Shrine of Our Lady of Europe (Italian: Santuario di Nostra Signora d'Europa; Lombard: Santüari se la Madòna d'Europa) is a Roman Catholic shrine at Campodolcino, Lombardy, Italy. It is devoted to Our Lady of Europe (Italian: Madonna d'Europa; Lombard: Madòna d'Europa) and is currently the headquarters of the European Ecumenical Centre for Peace.

Our Lady of Europe
Our Lady of Europe (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de Europa or Virgen de Europa) is a title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary as patroness of Gibraltar and protectress of Europe. The entire European continent was consecrated under the protection of Our Lady of Europe in the early 14th century from the Shrine in Gibraltar where devotion continues to this day, over 700 years on.

Together with Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Our Lady is a Catholic patron saint of Gibraltar, and as such protector of the whole of Europe.
Razor and blades model
The razor and blades business model is a business model in which one item is sold at a low price (or given away) in order to increase sales of a complementary good, such as consumable supplies. It is different from loss leader marketing and product sample marketing, which do not depend on complementary products or services. Common examples of the razor and blades model include inkjet printers whose ink cartridges are significantly marked up in price, coffee machines that use single-use coffee pods, electric toothbrushes, and video game consoles which require additional purchases to obtain accessories and software not included in the original package.

Although the concept and the catchphrase "Give 'em the razor; sell 'em the blades" are widely credited to King Camp Gillette, the inventor of the safety razor, Gillette did not in fact follow this model.

Vendor lock-in
In economics, vendor lock-in, also known as proprietary lock-in or customer lock‑in, makes a customer dependent on a vendor for products, unable to use another vendor without substantial switching costs.

The use of open standards and alternative options makes systems tolerant of change, so that decisions can be postponed until more information is available or unforeseen events are addressed. Vendor lock-in does the opposite: it makes it difficult to move from one solution to another.

Lock-in costs that create barriers to market entry may result in antitrust action against a monopoly.
Chester Raft Race
The Chester Raft Race is an annual charity event taking place every July on the River Dee in Chester, organised by Chester Round Table

The rafts race against the clock over a quarter mile (400 m) course, starting by the rowing club, and passing under pedestrian suspension bridge. Until 2013 it continued down the weir and finished on the south bank above the road bridge. Although the race is over at this point, the remnants of the rafts and crew then had to retrace their route back up the weir and return to the site assembly/parking area (The Meadows).

No races were held in 2020 or 2021 due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

River Dee, Wales
The River Dee (Welsh: Afon Dyfrdwy, Latin: Deva Fluvius) flows through North Wales and Cheshire, England. The majority of the river is located in Wales, with the stretch between Aldford and Saltney within England and two other sections forming the border between the two countries. The length of the section from Bala to Chester is 113 km (70 miles).

The river rises on Dduallt in Snowdonia and flows east through Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake), Corwen, and Llangollen. It turns north near Overton-on-Dee and forms part of the England–Wales border before fully entering England near Aldford, north-east of Wrexham. It flows through Chester then re-enters Wales near Saltney; the final section is canalised and discharges to the Irish Sea via an estuary 23 km (14 miles) long.
Martha Graham Dance Company
The Martha Graham Dance Company, founded by Martha Graham in 1926, is both the oldest dance company in the United States and the oldest integrated dance company. The company is critically acclaimed in the artistic world and has been recognized as "one of the great dance companies of the world" by the New York Times and as "one of the seven wonders of the artistic universe" by the Washington Post.

Many of the great 20th and 21st century modern dancers and choreographers began at the Martha Graham Dance Company including: Merce Cunningham, Erick Hawkins, Pearl Lang, Pascal Rioult, Miriam Pandor, Anna Sokolow, and Paul Taylor. The repertoire of 181 works also includes guest performances from Mikhail Baryshnikov, Claire Bloom, Margot Fonteyn, Liza Minnelli, Rudolf Nureyev, Maya Plisetskaya, and Kathleen Turner.

Pearl Lang
Pearl Lang (May 29, 1921 – February 24, 2009) was an American dancer, choreographer and teacher renowned as an interpreter and propagator of the choreography style of Martha Graham, and also for her own longtime dance company, the Pearl Lang Dance Theater. She is known for Appalachian Spring (1944), American Masters (1985) and Driven (2001).
Great Weigh House
The Great Weigh House (Polish: Wielka Waga Miejska) was a prominent building that existed on the main square of Kraków, Poland. It was located in between the Cloth Hall (Sukiennice) and Church of St. Adalbert to the east. Next to it was the Small Weigh House.

Main Square, Kraków
The Main Market Square (Polish: Rynek Główny [ˈrɨnɛɡ ˈɡwuvnɨ] lit. ) a historic square located in the Old Town of Kraków, Poland.

It is the principal urban space located at the center of the city. It dates back to the 13th century, and with an area of 3.79 ha (9.4 acres))  it is sometimes called one of the largest medieval town squares in Europe.

The Main Market Square is a square space surrounded by historic townhouses (kamienice) and churches. The center of the square is dominated by the Cloth Hall (Sukiennice), rebuilt in 1555 in the Renaissance style, topped by a attic or Polish parapet decorated with carved masks. On one side of the cloth hall is the Town Hall Tower (Wieża ratuszowa), on the other the 11th century Church of St. Adalbert and 1898 Adam Mickiewicz Monument. Rising above the square are the Gothic towers of St. Mary's Basilica (Kościół Mariacki). Kraków Main Square does not have a town hall, because it has not survived to the present day.
Joseph Ekemu
Joseph Kalias Ekemu (September 5, 1944) is a retired Attorney General of Uganda, lawmaker and statesman. He served as Justice Minister of Uganda from 1994 to 1996.  Ekemu also represented Kaberamaido District in Parliament and was a committee member of the National Resistance Council (NRC), present-day National Resistance Movement (NRM).

Attorney General of Uganda
The Attorney General of Uganda is the principal legal adviser to the government of Uganda. The office of the attorney general is a cabinet-level government position in the country. The incumbent, Kiryowa Kiwanuka,  was appointed on 8 June 2021.
Padstool (signage)
Bicycle mushroom (Dutch: paddenstoel[en] pronunciationⓘ, fietspaddenstoel[en]) is a form of rural wayfinding signage for cyclists, in use in the Netherlands. They are named for their toadstool-like shape; "paddenstoel" first came into use as a nickname around 1921.

Cycling in the Netherlands
Cycling is the second-most common mode of transport in the Netherlands, with 36% of Dutch people listing the bicycle as their most frequent way of getting around on a typical day, as opposed to the car (45%) and public transport (11%). Cycling has a modal share of 27% of all trips (urban and rural) nationwide. In cities this is even higher, such as Amsterdam which has 38%, and Zwolle 46%. This high frequency of bicycle travel is enabled by excellent cycling infrastructure such as cycle paths, cycle tracks, protected intersections, ample bicycle parking and by making cycling routes shorter and more direct (and therefore usually quicker) than car routes.

In the countryside, an increasing number of routes link the Netherlands' villages, towns, and cities. Some of these paths are part of the Dutch National Cycle Network, a system of routes for bicycle tourism that reaches every corner of the nation.
Ringebu Municipality
Ringebuⓘ is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vålebrua (the village is also known as Ringebu). Other villages in the municipality include Fåvang and Brekkom.

The 1,247.57-square-kilometre (481.69 sq mi) municipality is the 85th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Ringebu Municipality is the 195th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,447. The municipality's population density is 3.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.8% over the previous 10-year period.

Brekkom
Brekkom is a village in Ringebu Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the Gudbrandsdal valley, on a mountainside about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) above the village of Fåvang which sits on the shore of the river Gudbrandsdalslågen.
Mother and Child Scheme
The Mother and Child Scheme was a healthcare programme in Ireland that would later become remembered as a major political crisis involving primarily the Irish Government and Roman Catholic Church in the early 1950s.

The scheme was referred to as the Mother and Child Service in legislation. A brochure, "What the new service means to every family", was prepared. It explained the new service but was not issued to the public. The scheme was engulfed in crisis before this could happen.

Seán T. O'Kelly
Seán Thomas O'Kelly (Irish: Seán Tomás Ó Ceallaigh; 25 June 1882 – 23 November 1966), originally John T. O'Kelly, was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the president of Ireland from June 1945 to June 1959. He also served as deputy prime minister of Ireland from 1932 to 1945 (titled as Vice-President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State from 1932 to 1937 and as Tánaiste from 1937 to 1945), Minister for Local Government and Public Health from 1932 to 1939, Minister for Finance from 1939 to 1945 and Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 1919 to 1921. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1918 to 1945.
Tuctopunta
Tuctopunta (possibly from Quechua tuqtu broody hen, punta peak; ridge; first, before, in front of) is a 5,343-metre-high (17,530 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Huaraz Province, Olleros District. Tuctopunta lies northwest of Tuctu and southwest of Uruashraju and Arhuay.

Cordillera Blanca
The Cordillera Blanca (Spanish for "white range") is a mountain range in Peru that is part of the larger Andes range and extends for 200 kilometres (124 mi) between 8°08' and 9°58'S and 77°00' and 77°52'W, in a northwesterly direction. It includes several peaks over 6,000 metres (19,690 ft) high and 722 individual glaciers. The highest mountain in Peru, Huascarán, at 6,768 metres (22,205 ft) high, is located there.

The Cordillera Blanca lies in the Ancash region and runs parallel to the Santa River valley (also called Callejón de Huaylas in its upper and midsections) on the west. Huascarán National Park, established in 1975, encompasses almost the entire range of the Cordillera Blanca.

Snowmelt from the Cordillera Blanca provides part of northern Peru with its year-round water supply, while 5% of Peru's power comes from a hydro-electrical plant located in the Santa River valley. The area of permanent ice cover shrank by about a third between the 1970s and 2006.
Arbayistan
Arbāyistān (Parthian: 𐭀𐭓𐭁𐭉𐭎𐭈𐭍 [ʾrb]ystn; Middle Persian: Arbāyistān, Arāwastān, Arwāstān; Armenian: Arvastan) or Beth Arabaye (Syriac: Bēṯ ʿArbāyē) was a Sasanian province in Late Antiquity. Due to its situation and its road systems, the province was a source of income from commercial traffic, as well as a constant area of contention during the Roman–Persian Wars.

The province reached across Upper Mesopotamia toward the Khabur and north to the lower districts of Armenia; it bordered Adiabene in the east, Armenia in the north and Asoristan in the south. On the west, it bordered the Roman provinces of Osroene and Mesopotamia. The principal city of the Arbayistan province was Nisibis and it also included the fortress of Sisauranon.

Sisauranon
Sisauranon, Sisauronon (Greek: Σισαυράνων), Sisaurana, or Sarbane was a Sasanian fortress city in the province of Arbayistan, located to the east of Nisibis at the edge of the north Syrian plain. It was situated near the border with the Byzantine Empire.
Finnish national road 55
The Finnish national road 55 (Finnish: Kantatie 55; Swedish: Stamväg 55) is the 2nd class main route between the municipality of Mäntsälä and the city of Porvoo in southern Finland. It also passes through the municipality of Askola. Going in the opposite direction, from Mäntsälä to Hanko, the road continues as the 1st class main road 25. Together with the aforementioned road, it forms the Helsinki Metropolitan Circuit and is often referred to as the outer beltway of the Greater Helsinki or also known as the Ring V.

Highways in Finland
Highways in Finland, or Main roads, comprise the highest categories of roads in Finland:

Main roads Class I – Finnish: valtatiet; Swedish: riksvägar  – numbered 1–39, between major cities

Main roads Class II – Finnish: kantatiet; Swedish: stamvägar – numbered 40–99, between regional centers
Indian Mineral Leasing Act
The Indian Mineral Leasing Act (IMLA) was a 1938 United States law. It was passed on May 11, 1938, by the 75th United States Congress.

The Act made it so that after May 11, 1938, unallotted lands within Indian reservations or lands owned by Native Americans under Federal jurisdiction could, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, be leased for mining purposes by the authority of the tribal council or other authorized spokesmen for the Native Americans, for indefinite terms ("as long as minerals are produced in paying quantities").

The IMLA was enacted in response to decades of exploitative mineral leasing on Native lands. Before this Act, tribes had little to no control over these terms. The Act aimed to give tribes greater authority over their natural resources.

75th United States Congress
The 75th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1937, to January 3, 1939, during the fifth and sixth years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 United States census.

Both chambers had a Democratic supermajority, with the party increasing their majority in both the House and Senate, and with the reelection of President Roosevelt, maintained an overall federal government trifecta.

This is the most recent Congress to feature a 3/4th majority in the House or Senate by either party.
Ruthenian language
Ruthenian (see also other names) was a written language used from the 14th to the 18th centuries within the East Slavic-speaking regions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Literary Ruthenian is considered to be a historical precursor to the modern Belarusian and Ukrainian languages (occasionally also to Rusyn), although neither standard language directly continues the Ruthenian written tradition.

Several linguistic issues are debated among linguists: various questions related to classification of literary and vernacular varieties of this language; issues related to meanings and proper uses of various endonymic (native) and exonymic (foreign) glottonyms (names of languages and linguistic varieties); questions on its relation to modern East Slavic languages, and its relation to Old East Slavic (the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' in the 10th through 13th centuries).

History of the Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European family. All Indo-European languages are descendants of a single prehistoric language, reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European, spoken sometime in the Neolithic era. Although no written records remain, much of the culture and religion of the Proto-Indo-European people can also be reconstructed based on their daughter cultures traditionally and continuing to inhabit most of Europe and South Asia, areas to where the Proto-Indo-Europeans migrated from their original homeland.
Hah Myung-joong
Hah Myung-joong (Korean: 하명중; born May 14, 1947) is a South Korean actor, film director, producer, planner, and screenwriter. Hah started his career as an actor, but expanded his career to film directing, and film producing. Hah graduated from Kyung Hee University with a major in English literature. His brother Ha Gil-jong was a film director. His 1985 film Daengbyeot was entered into the 35th Berlin International Film Festival.

Ha Gil-jong
Ha Gil-jong (Korean: 하길종; April 13, 1941 – February 28, 1979) was a South Korean film director, screenwriter and translator. Most famous for his youth classic, The March of Fools (1975), Ha was also a very prominent social critic in his day.
Elstermühlgraben
The Elstermühlgraben (litt.: Elster mill race or Elster mill ditch) is an approximately 4 km (2 mi) long, now partially underground mill canal in the city of Leipzig, Germany, in the Zentrum-West and Zentrum-Nordwest localities. It exists as an artificial tributary of the White Elster for more than 800 years.

Zentrum-Nordwest
Zentrum-Nordwest is one of the 63 localities into which Leipzig was administratively divided in 1992. It belongs to the Leipzig borough of Mitte and has the serial number 05. It consists of the Waldstraßenviertel neighbourhood in the east, the area around the Red Bull Arena and Sportforum in the west and the Rosental public park in the north.
Tito Rabat
Esteve "Tito" Rabat Bergada (born 25 May 1989) is a Spanish motorcycle racer. He is best known for winning the 2014 Moto2 World Championship. Rabat then made the move to MotoGP in 2016 and spent five full-time seasons there, before moving to the Superbike World Championship in 2021. Rabat suffered serious leg injuries in August 2018 after falling in heavy rain during practice for the British round at Silverstone. He was hit by a closely following out-of-control machine. He started racing professionally in 2005, and made his Grand Prix début at that season's 125cc Valencian Grand Prix.

Esponsorama Racing
Esponsorama Racing was a motorcycle racing team who formerly competed in the various categories of Grand Prix road racing from 2000 to 2022.

The team was established in 1994 by Raúl Romero and Josep Oliva as By Queroseno Racing, also known as Team BQR. In 2012 the team changed its name to Avintia Racing, following an alliance between BQR and the Grupo Avintia. In 2020 the team rebranded itself as Esponsorama Racing, in line with their registered company name, though Grupo Avintia remained as a main sponsor.

At the end of the 2022 season, the team left the Grand Prix racing paddock after 23 seasons.
Sofi (mascot)
Sofi was the Mascot official of 2010 ISF Women's World Championship in Caracas, Venezuela. This is a cat that suggests tenderness, and a lot of strength, conveys the beauty and intelligence of the Venezuelan woman. It is called Sofi, an acronym for SOFtball International. Designed by Fractal Studio, a design studio in Venezuela. Was filed on May 20, 2010.

2010 Women's Softball World Championship
The 2010 ISF Women's World Championship was an international softball competition held at Estadio La Rinconada and Estadio Fuerte Tiuna in Caracas, Venezuela from June 23 to July 2, 2010. It was the 12th edition of the tournament.

In the end, the United States won their ninth and seventh consecutive title.
Al Kennedy Alternative High School
Al Kennedy Alternative High School is a public alternative high school operated by the South Lane School District located in Cottage Grove, Oregon, United States. The school serves grades 9–12. It is a small school with a 16:1 student teacher ratio and 84 total students in 2023. Its stated goals are to incorporate experiential and service-learning approaches, including activities related to conservation management, agriculture, forestry, and environmental monitoring.

Cottage Grove, Oregon
Cottage Grove is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. Its population was 10,643 at the 2020 census. It is the third largest city in Lane County. It is on Interstate 5, Oregon Route 99, and the main Willamette Valley line of the CORP railroad.
Le Vélo
Le Vélo was the leading French sports newspaper from its inception on 1 December 1892 until it ceased publication in 1904. Mixing sports reporting with news and political comment, it achieved a circulation of 80,000 copies a day.  Its use of sporting events as promotional tools led to the creation of the Paris–Roubaix cycle race in 1896, and the popularisation of the Bordeaux–Paris cycle race during the 1890s.

Its demise was a consequence of the creation of the Tour de France by L'Auto, a rival newspaper that had been founded in 1900 from the intense animosity generated by the Dreyfus affair. Le Vélo was easily recognised by the green-tinted newsprint on which it was published, so L'Auto (née L'Auto-Vélo) was distinguished by a yellow tint, and thus the 'Yellow Jersey' worn by the leader of the 'Tour de France'.

Jules-Albert de Dion
Marquis Jules Félix Philippe Albert de Dion de Wandonne (French pronunciation: [ʒyl feliks filip albɛʁ də djɔ̃ də wɑ̃dɔn]; 9 March 1856 – 19 August 1946) was a French pioneer of the automobile industry. He invented a steam-powered car and used it to win the world's first auto race, but his vehicle was adjudged to be against the rules. He was a co-founder of De Dion-Bouton, the world's largest automobile manufacturer for a time, as well as the French sports newspaper L'Équipe.