hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eomangiferophyllum
Eomangiferophyllum damalgiriense is an extinct species of fruit bearing tree. It is believed to be the direct ancestor of the genus Mangifera, which includes the mango, Mangifera indica, one of the world's most cultivated fruit crops. Its genus, Eomangiferophyllum, is monotypic.

Mangifera
Mangifera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae. It contains 64 species, with the best-known being the common mango (Mangifera indica). The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesian ecoregion of Southeast Asia, particularly in Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula. They are generally canopy trees in lowland rainforests, reaching a height of 30–40 m (98–131 ft).
Bisbee, Arizona
Bisbee is a city in and the county seat of Cochise County in southeastern Arizona, United States. According to the 2020 census, the population of the town was 4,923, down from 5,575 in the 2010 census.

Phelps Dodge
Phelps Dodge Corporation was an American mining company founded in 1834 as an import-export firm by Anson Greene Phelps and his two sons-in-law William Earle Dodge, Sr. and Daniel James. The latter two ran Phelps, James & Co., the part of the organization based in Liverpool, England. The import-export firm at first exported United States cotton from the Deep South to England and imported various metals to the US needed for industrialization. With the expansion of the Western frontier in North America, the corporation acquired mines and mining companies, including the Copper Queen Mine in Cochise County, Arizona and the Dawson, New Mexico coal mines. It operated its own mines and acquired railroads to carry its products. By the late 19th century, it was known as a mining company.

On March 19, 2007, Freeport-McMoRan completed a $25.9 billion acquisition of Phelps Dodge Corporation.
Alternation (linguistics)
In linguistics, an alternation is the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization. Each of the various realizations is called an alternant. The variation may be conditioned by the phonological, morphological, and/or syntactic environment in which the morpheme finds itself.

Alternations provide linguists with data that allow them to determine the allophones and allomorphs of a language's phonemes and morphemes and to develop analyses determining the distribution of those allophones and allomorphs.

The term "sound change" refers to diachronic changes, which occur in a language's sound system. On the other hand, "alternation" refers to changes that happen synchronically (within the language of an individual speaker, depending on the neighbouring sounds) and do not change the language's underlying system.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Michael Shuman
Michael Jay Shuman, also known as Mikey Shoes, (born August 20, 1985) is an American musician and songwriter. He is best known as bassist of the rock band Queens of the Stone Age. He also sings and plays various instruments in Mini Mansions, formerly co-fronted Wires on Fire and Jubilee, and currently has a solo project under the moniker GLU.

Era Vulgaris (album)
Era Vulgaris is the fifth studio album by American rock band Queens of the Stone Age. It was released on June 12, 2007, through Interscope Records, as their last album on the label. Recorded from July 2006 to April 2007, it was preceded by the singles "Sick, Sick, Sick" in May, followed by "3's & 7's" in early June. "Make It wit Chu" was released as the third single in October. The album debuted at No. 14 on the U.S. Billboard 200 charts, selling 52,000 copies in its first week. It reached top ten positions in other countries, such as No. 7 in the UK, No. 5 in Canada, and No. 4 in Australia.
Naked (Soulhead album)
Naked is the third album by female duo Soulhead and was their last studio album with Sony Music Entertainment Japan, whereas they moved to Avex afterwards. Their final album under SMEJ was a compilation album, Best of Soulhead. The album reached #5 on the Oricon Weekly charts, but dropped to #19 for the monthly ranking. It was also their first album to be released in both CD and CD+DVD format.

A limited edition "analog version" was released three weeks later on March 24, 2006.

Sparkle Train
Sparkle☆Train/Got To Leave (stylized as SPARKLE☆TRAIN/Got To Leave) is a single by female duo SOULHEAD from the album Naked. The main track, Sparkle☆Train, was an R&B/rap mix, while the b-side, Got To Leave, is smooth R&B. The single charted at #30 on Oricon Weekly, staying on the charts for eight weeks.

The music video for the title track was later put on the CD+DVD version of their Naked album.
Carolina, Rhode Island
Carolina is a village  that straddles the border of the towns of Charlestown and Richmond on the Pawcatuck River in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. Rhode Island Route 112 passes through the village. Carolina is identified as a census-designated place, with a population of 970 at the 2010 census.

Pawcatuck River
The Pawcatuck River is a river in the US states of Rhode Island and Connecticut flowing approximately 34 miles (55 km). There are eight dams along the river's length. USS Pawcatuck was named after the river.
Don Gay
Donald "Donnie" Gay (born September 18, 1953) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding. He won eight Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) bull riding world championships; a record as of 2025. His father, Neal Gay, was a well-known rodeo competitor and later rodeo producer and stock contractor. Don was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame in 1979; Neal was inducted in 1993. In 2015, Don was inducted into the Bull Riding Hall of Fame.

Professional Bull Riders: Heroes and Legends
The Professional Bull Riders Heroes and Legends celebration honors five divisions in the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) and Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA), including the best bucking bulls.
Sudaraž
Sudaraž (Hungarian: Szudarázs, Serbian Cyrillic: Судараж) is an uninhabited settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Petlovac municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County.

Petlovac
Petlovac (Hungarian: Baranyaszentistván, German: Sanktivan, Serbian Cyrillic: Петловац) is a village and municipality in the western part of Baranja, which comprise the northern part of Osijek-Baranja County in Croatia. Petlovac is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia.

Until the end of World War II, the majority of the inhabitants was Danube Swabian, also called locally as Stifolder, because their ancestors arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries from Fulda (district). Most of the former German settlers were expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945-1948, as a result of the Potsdam Agreement.
Ford Fiesta (fourth generation)
The Fiesta Mark IV (internal code name was BE91) was launched in October 1995 and became Britain's best-selling car from 1996 to 1998, when it was overtaken by the all-new Ford Focus, a replacement for the Ford Escort. The facelift Mark IV is sometimes referred to as the Fiesta Mark V.

Ford Courier
Ford Courier is a model nameplate used by Ford since the early 1950s.  The Courier moniker has been used on a variety of vehicles all around the world since it was first used in North America for a sedan delivery.  The Courier nameplate was also used by Ford for a series of compact pickup trucks (produced by Mazda) and would also see use by Ford of Europe denoting a Fiesta-based panel van.  Ford Brazil used the nameplate for a Fiesta-based coupe utility pickup marketed across Latin America.

During the 2000s, the Courier pickup truck was replaced by the Ranger nameplate (which replaced the Courier in North America for 1983); the Courier panel van was replaced by the Ford Transit Connect in 2002.  For 2014, the stand-alone Courier name was withdrawn, but returned as the Transit Courier, the smallest vehicle of the Ford Transit van series.
Robert V. Rice
Robert Vernon Rice (August 13, 1924 – February 17, 2020) was an American biochemist from Carnegie Mellon University and the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts primarily known for work in the area of biochemistry and physiology of muscle proteins and neuromuscular interactions.

Edmund Rice (colonist)
Edmund Rice (c. 1594 – 3 May 1663) was an early English settler to Massachusetts Bay Colony born in Suffolk, England. He lived in Stanstead, Suffolk and Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire before sailing with his family to America. He landed in the Colony in summer or fall of 1638, thought to be first living in the town of Watertown, Massachusetts. Shortly thereafter he was a founder of Sudbury in 1638, and later in life was one of the thirteen petitioners for the founding of Marlborough in 1656. He was a deacon in the  Puritan Church, and served in town politics as a selectman and judge. He also served five years as a member of the Great and General Court, the combined colonial legislature and judicial court of Massachusetts.
Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne derailment
The Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne derailment of December 12, 1917, was a railway accident involving a troop train carrying at least 1,000 French soldiers on their way home for leave from the Italian front in World War I. A derailment as the train descended the Maurienne valley on the Culoz–Modane railway caused a catastrophic crash and subsequent fire in which more than 435 died ; a second record reports that 675 died. It is  France's deadliest rail accident to date, and is the third deadliest rail accident in the History of Rail Transportation.

Culoz–Modane railway
The Culoz–Modane railway (sometimes called Ligne de la Maurienne) is a 135 kilometres (84 miles) long railway running from Culoz, near Chambéry, through Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne to Modane in France. Together with the Italian Turin–Modane railway it is often called "Fréjus Railway" or "Mont Cenis Railway".

Despite running under the Fréjus Pass, it is sometimes called the Mont Cenis Railway because, from antiquity until the Fréjus Rail Tunnel was opened in 1871, most people used the Mont Cenis Pass to get between France and Italy. From 1868 to 1871 the temporary Mont Cenis Pass Railway ran over the Mont Cenis pass to link the French and Italian railways.

The Culoz–Modane railway is owned and operated by the SNCF, and the line from Modane to Turin that connects with it is operated by FS.
Harold Washington Library
The Harold Washington Library Center is the central library for the Chicago Public Library System. It is located just south of the Loop 'L', at 400 South State Street in Chicago, in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is a full-service library and is ADA compliant. Opened in 1991, it functionally replaced (after more than a decade) the city's 19th-century central library. The postmodernist building contains approximately 756,000 sq ft (70,200 m2) of work space. The total square footage is approximately 972,000 sq ft (90,300 m2) including the rooftop winter-garden event space. It is named in honor of former Mayor Harold Washington.

Harold Washington Library–State/Van Buren station
Harold Washington Library–State/Van Buren, (formerly Library–State/Van Buren and State/Van Buren), is an 'L' station serving the CTA's Brown, Orange, Pink, and Purple Lines. Originally, the station was to have direct access to the second floor of the Harold Washington Library building, but this direct connection was never built. Farecard transfers are also available at the station for the Red and Blue Lines via the Jackson/State and Jackson/Dearborn subway stations, respectively. It was originally known as State/Van Buren when it first opened in 1897. The original station closed on September 2, 1973, along with six other stations, due to low ridership, and demolished in 1975. The new station was rebuilt and reopened on June 22, 1997 in order to serve the Harold Washington Library. The Chicago Transit Authority board voted unanimously on Wednesday, October 6, 2010, to rename the station to its current name.
Makassar-class landing platform dock
The Makassar class is a class of South Korean-designed Landing Platform Dock. The lead ship is named after the city of Makassar in Sulawesi and built in Busan, South Korea. The ships were designed by Daesun Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. based on their earlier design of Tanjung Dalpele class that was sold to the Indonesian Navy.

PAL Indonesia
7°12′19.53″S 112°44′29.5″E﻿ / ﻿7.2054250°S 112.741528°E﻿ / -7.2054250; 112.741528

PT PAL Indonesia (formerly abbreviated from Graving Dock dan Penataran TNI Angkatan Laut lit. 'Indonesian Navy Graving Dock and Shipyard') is an Indonesian state-owned enterprise that manufactures ships for military and civilian use and conducts repairs and maintenance on ships and engineering.
Gloria Filippi
Gloria Filippi (born 28 May 1992) is an Italian archer. Born in Rovereto, she participated at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore. She was eliminated in the first round of the girls' event; she paired up with Anton Karoukin of Belarus and won gold in the mixed team event, defeating Zoi Paraskevopoulou of Greece and Gregor Rajh of Slovenia in the gold medal match.

Anton Karoukin
Anton Karoukin is a Belarusian archer who participated at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore. He was eliminated in the first round of the individual event by eventual champion Ibrahim Sabry on a tiebreak. He paired up with Gloria Filippi of Italy and won gold in the mixed team event, defeating Zoi Paraskevopoulou of Greece and Gregor Rajh of Slovenia in the gold medal match.

He won the silver medal in the men's team recurve event at the 2022 European Indoor Archery Championships held in Laško, Slovenia.
Universal Media Disc
The Universal Media Disc (UMD) is a discontinued optical disc medium developed by Sony for use on its PlayStation Portable handheld gaming and multimedia platform. It can hold up to 1.8 gigabytes of data and is capable of storing video games, feature-length films, and music.

Optical disc
An optical disc is a flat, usually disc-shaped object that stores information in the form of physical variations on its surface that can be read with the aid of a beam of light. Optical discs can be reflective, where the light source and detector are on the same side of the disc, or transmissive, where light shines through the disc to be detected on the other side. They may contain analog or digital information, or a mixture of the two. Their main uses are the distribution of media and data, and long-term archival storage.
Mount Tyndall
Mount Tyndall is a peak in the Mount Whitney region of the Sierra Nevada in the U.S. state of California.  At 14,025 feet (4,275 m), it is the tenth highest peak in the state.  The mountain was named in honor of the Irish scientist and mountaineer, John Tyndall.

Clarence King
Clarence Rivers King (January 6, 1842 – December 24, 1901) was an American geologist, mountaineer, and author. He was the first director of the United States Geological Survey from 1879 to 1881. Nominated by Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes, King was noted for his exploration of the Sierra Nevada mountain range.
Vendetta for the Saint
Vendetta for the Saint is a 1964 mystery novel featuring the character of Simon Templar, alias "The Saint". Vendetta for the Saint was the first full-length Saint novel published since The Saint Sees it Through, 18 years earlier. A television adaptation of the novel was released as a theatrical film, also entitled Vendetta for the Saint, in 1969.

The Saint Sees it Through
The Saint Sees it Through is the title of a mystery novel by Leslie Charteris featuring his creation, Simon Templar, alias The Saint. The book was first published in 1946 in the United States by The Crime Club. Hodder and Stoughton published the first British edition in 1947.

This was the final full-length novel featuring Templar to be solely written by Charteris, as the author chose to concentrate on short stories and novella-length Saint stories hereafter. The next full-length Saint novel, Vendetta for the Saint (1964), would be credited to Charteris, but actually written by Harry Harrison.
Peter Holmström
Peter Holmström is an American rock musician. He is a member of the bands The Dandy Warhols, Pete International Airport, Radis Noir and Rebel Drones. Holmström's first guitar was a Gibson SG. Holmström is also an amateur photographer, and in the past he has also composed music for his sister's theater group.

The Mutants (UK band)
The Mutants is a punk rock supergroup based around Chris Constantinou (The Wolfmen, Sinéad O'Connor, Adam Ant), Rat Scabies (The Damned) and Paul Frazer (Never Not Nothing, Subsource), hosting an all-star cast of guest musicians.
Samsung Galaxy Tab S8
The Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 is a series of Android-based tablets developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics, as part of its flagship Galaxy Tab S series. Unveiled at Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event on 9 February 2022, alongside the Galaxy S22 series, they serve as the successor to the Galaxy Tab S7 series, and were succeeded by the Galaxy Tab S9 series, which was announced on July 26, 2023.

Samsung Galaxy Tab S series
The Samsung Galaxy Tab S series is Samsung's flagship tablet line, running the Android operating system and mirroring the Galaxy S series of smartphones. It expanded in the mid-range line with the release of the Lite and FE models.
Roussin's black salt
Roussin's black salt is a chemical compound with the formula KFe4S3(NO)7.  It consists of the potassium salt of the  [Fe4S3(NO)7]− anion, metal nitrosyl compound. First described by Zacharie Roussin in 1858, it is one of the first synthetic iron-sulfur clusters along with the red salt also bearing his name.

Iron–sulfur cluster
Iron–sulfur clusters are molecular ensembles of iron and sulfide.  They are most often discussed in the context of the biological role for iron–sulfur proteins, which are pervasive.  Many Fe–S clusters are known in the area of organometallic chemistry and as precursors to synthetic analogues of the biological clusters. It is supposed that the last universal common ancestor had many iron-sulfur clusters.
The Meatmen
The Meatmen are an American punk band headed by Tesco Vee, originally existing from 1981 to 1988, before reforming in the mid-1990s, and again in the 2000s. They were known for their outrageous stage antics and offensive lyrics. They reformed in 2008 and continue to tour and record.

Touch and Go Records
Touch and Go Records is an American independent record label based in Chicago, Illinois. After its genesis as a handmade fanzine in 1979, it grew into one of the key record labels in the American 1980s underground and alternative rock scenes. Touch and Go carved out a reputation for releasing adventurous noise rock by the likes of Big Black, the Butthole Surfers, and The Jesus Lizard. Touch and Go helped to spearhead the nationwide network of underground bands that formed the pre-Nirvana indie rock scene, and helped preside over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock emerging at the time.
2007 Rally de Portugal
The 2007 Vodafone Rally de Portugal was the 41st Rally de Portugal and the fifth round of the 2007 World Rally Championship season. It took place between March 30–April 1, 2007 and consisted of 18 special stages. 61 drivers finished the rally and the winner was Citroën's Sébastien Loeb, followed by Subaru's Petter Solberg and Citroën's Dani Sordo.

All Ford Focus RS WRC 06 drivers were given five-minute time penalties, because the glass used in the cars' rear side windows was 0.5 mm too thin. This dropped Marcus Grönholm from second to fourth, Mikko Hirvonen from third to fifth, Jari-Matti Latvala from sixth to eighth and Henning Solberg from ninth to 11th.

Rally de Portugal
The Rally de Portugal (formerly: Rallye de Portugal) is a rally competition held in Portugal. First held in 1967, the seventh running of the race, the 7º TAP Rallye de Portugal was the third event in the inaugural FIA World Rally Championship in 1973. The rally remained on the WRC calendar for the next 29 years, and after being dropped for 2002–2006, the event returned to Portugal in 2007. During the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s, Rally de Portugal was a mixed event between asphalt and gravel. Currently it is an all-gravel event.

Rally de Portugal has been awarded "The Best Rally in the World" five times and in 2000 "The Most Improved Rally of the Year". The most successful driver in the history of the rally is Sébastien Ogier, who has won the event seven times (2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2024 and 2025).
Thomas Lewknor (MP for Midhurst)
Thomas Lewknor (c. 1538 – July 1596), of Tangmere; later of Selsey, Sussex, was an English politician.

He was born the eldest son of Edmund Lewknor of Tangmere and the brother of Richard Lewknor. He was educated at the Middle Temple.

He held a number of public commissions and was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Midhurst in 1586.

He married twice;firstly Bridget, the daughter of John Lewes of Selsey, with whom he had 5 sons, including Lewes Lewknor and Samuel Lewkenor His second wife was Anne, the daughter of Richard Hill, serjeant of the cellar to Henry VIII and the widow of John Bellingham of Eringham.

Lewes Lewknor
Sir Lewes Lewknor (c.1560–1627) was an English courtier, M.P., writer, soldier, and Judge who served as Master of the Ceremonies to King James I of England. M.P. for Midhurst in 1597 and for Bridgnorth 1604–10. His career has been described as a "tortuous trajectory rich in false starts, byways and rather nebulous interludes...[with] slippery religious and political allegiances".

He was noted for his translations of courtly European literature. Particularly important was the translation of Gasparo Contarini's account of the Venetian republic, The Commonwealth and Government of Venice, which influenced contemporary writers including Shakespeare.

He was also the author of an original work, The Estate of English Fugitives, a polemic attacking the Spanish and the machinations of Catholic clergy, while also defending the rights of English Catholics.