hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacques Specx
Jacques Specx (Dutch: [ʑɑk ˈspɛks]; 1585 – 22 July 1652) was a Dutch merchant, who founded the trade on Japan and Korea in 1609. Jacques Specx received the support of William Adams to obtain extensive trading rights from Tokugawa Ieyasu, the shōgun emeritus, on 24 August 1609, which allowed him to establish a trading factory in Hirado on 20 September 1609. He was the interim governor in Batavia between 1629 and 1632. There his daughter Saartje Specx was involved in a scandal. Back home in Holland Specx became an art-collector.

The Dutch, who, rather than "Nanban" were called "Kōmō" (紅毛, "Red Hair") by the Japanese, first arrived in Japan in 1600, on board the Liefde.

In 1605, two of the Liefde's crew, Jacob Quaeckernaeck and Melchior van Santvoort, were sent to Pattani by Tokugawa Ieyasu, to invite Dutch trade to Japan. The head of the Pattani Dutch trading post, Victor Sprinckel, refused on the ground that he was too busy dealing with Portuguese opposition in Southeast Asia.

Nanban trade
Nanban trade (南蛮貿易, Nanban bōeki; "Southern barbarian trade") is the European trade in Japan between the arrival of Europeans in 1543 to the first Sakoku Seclusion Edicts of isolationism in 1614.

The Nanban trade as a form of European contact began with Portuguese explorers, missionaries, and merchants in the Sengoku period and established long-distance overseas trade routes with Japan. The resulting technological and cultural exchange included the introduction of matchlock firearms, cannons, galleon-style shipbuilding, and Christianity to Japan, among other cultural aspects. The Nanban trade declined in the early Edo period with the rise of the Tokugawa Shogunate which feared the influence of Christianity in Japan, particularly the Roman Catholicism of the Portuguese. The Tokugawa issued a series of Sakoku policies that increasingly isolated mainland Japan from the outside world and limited European trade to Dutch traders on the artificial island of Dejima, under total scrutiny.
Powell, Tennessee
Powell, formerly known as Powell Station, is a census-designated place in Knox County, Tennessee. The area is located in the Emory Road corridor (State Route 131), just north of Knoxville, southeast of Clinton, and east of Oak Ridge. It had a population of 13,802 during the 2020 census. It is included in the Knoxville, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Knoxville metropolitan area
The Knoxville metropolitan area, commonly known as Greater Knoxville, is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) centered on Knoxville, Tennessee, the third largest city in Tennessee and the largest city in East Tennessee. It is the third largest metropolitan area in Tennessee. In 2020, the Knoxville metro area (the MSA as defined by the United States Census Bureau) had a population of 903,300. The Knoxville–Morristown–Newport–Sevierville Combined Statistical Area (CSA) had a population of 1,156,861 according to the census bureau in 2020.
Simonkylä
Simonkylä (Swedish: Simonsböle) is a district in Vantaa, Finland, located west of the Tikkurila district. The district has a population of about 8,000 (in 2020). It has the largest population of all the neighborhoods that are part of Tikkurila's major region, but it has very few jobs, which makes it primarily a residential area.

The most prominent services in the area are Simonkallio elementary school and Simonkylä secondary school, several kindergartens, a youth center and Simonkoti nursing home. Hiekkaharju's own school operates near the district.

Hiekkaharju
Hiekkaharju (Swedish: Sandkulla, English meaning: "sand esker") is a district in Vantaa, Finland, located north of the Tikkurila district. It has its own railway station, the Hiekkaharju railway station, which serves commuter trains around Greater Helsinki. The district has a population of about 4,930 (in 2014). Hiekkaharju primarily accommodates housing, as shops and services are concentrated in the nearby commercial hub of Tikkurila. The first housing in the district was built in the 1920s, and the 1950s saw the rise of denser settlement, with the construction of many apartment buildings. Hiekkaharju railway station is highly regarded as one of the most beautiful railway stations in Finland.
Chief of Defence Force (Somalia)
The Chief of Defence Force (Somali: Taliyaha Ciidanka Xooga Somaaliyeed) is the professional head of the Somali Armed Forces. He is responsible for the administration and the operational control of all branches of the Somali military (Army, Navy and Air Force) and thus is the direct superior to both the Chief of the Navy and the Chief of the Air Force. The post has however only been held by Army officers and the term limit is 2 years. Typically the rank held by the Chiefs is major general.

Odawa Raage served as CDF from 22 August 2019 to June 2023. He was promoted to major-general in the last days of his tenure, being listed as such in a Somali government briefing of 21 June 2023. He was reappointed on 9 November 2024.

A Hawiye officer, Ibrahim Sheikh Muhyadin Addow, succeeded Raage as CDF in June 2023, and then Raage was reappointed. Thereafter, Ibrahim Mohamed Mohamud took over as of 29 January 2026, when he was appointed by the Federal Government of Somalia.

Chief of the Air Force (Somalia)
The Chief of the Air Force (Somali: Taliyaha Ciidanka Cirka Somaaliyeed) is the head of aerial warfare operations and the administrative head of the Somali Air Force. They are under the Chief of Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defence. The current Chief of the Air Force is Brigadier General Abdirisaq Mahamud Haji.
Simon Fraser, 14th Lord Lovat
Major-General Simon Joseph Fraser, 14th Lord Lovat and 3rd Baron Lovat, KT, GCVO, KCMG, CB, DSO (25 November 1871 – 18 February 1933) was a Scottish aristocrat, British Army officer, landowner, politician and the 23rd Chief of Clan Fraser of Lovat.

Clan Fraser of Lovat
Clan Fraser of Lovat (Scottish Gaelic: Friseal [ˈkʰl̪ˠãũn̪ˠ ˈfɾʲiʃəl̪ˠ]) is a Highland Scottish clan and the principal branch of Clan Fraser. The Frasers of Lovat are strongly associated with Inverness and the surrounding area since the Clan's founder gained lands there in the 13th century.

The Clan Fraser of Lovat in Inverness-shire has historically dominated local politics and been active in every major military conflict involving Scotland. It has also played a considerable role in most major political turmoils. "Fraser" remains the most prominent family name within the Inverness area. The Clan's current chief is Simon Fraser, the 16th Lord Lovat, and 25th Chief of Clan Fraser.
Cerretto Langhe
Cerretto Langhe, also Cerreto Langhe, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 463 and an area of 10.1 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi).

Cerreto Langhe borders the following municipalities: Albaretto della Torre, Arguello, Cravanzana, Feisoglio, Roddino, Serravalle Langhe, and Sinio.

Serravalle Langhe
Serravalle Langhe is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 340 and an area of 9.1 square kilometres (3.5 mi2).

The municipality of Serravalle Langhe contains the frazione (subdivision) Villa.

Serravalle Langhe borders the following municipalities: Bossolasco, Cerreto Langhe, Cissone, Feisoglio, and Roddino.
Vail, Colorado
Vail is a home rule municipality in Eagle County, Colorado, United States. The population of the town was 4,835 in 2020. Home to Vail Ski Resort, the largest ski mountain in Colorado, the town is known for its hotels, dining, and for the numerous events the city hosts annually, such as the Vail Film Festival, Vail Resorts Snow Days, and Bravo! Vail.

Richard Steadman
J. Richard Steadman (June 4, 1937 – January 20, 2023) was an American orthopedic surgeon and founder of The Steadman Clinic and Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI) located in Vail, Colorado. Steadman revolutionized orthopedic surgery. For a time, he was a clinical professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, but was known for his work in the area of microfracture surgery, and for treating injured sports stars from around the world. In January 2014, he announced his retirement from his surgical practice.
1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1911 college football season. It was Dan McGugin's 8th year as head coach. The team outscored its opponents 259 to 9, winning an undisputed Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) title.

Edwin Pope's Football's Greatest Coaches notes: "A lightning-swift backfield of Lew Hardage, Wilson Collins, Ammie Sikes, and Ray Morrison pushed Vandy through 1911 with only a 9–8 loss to Michigan." The Atlanta Constitution voted Vanderbilt's the best backfield in the South. Morrison is considered one of the best quarterbacks in Vanderbilt's long history

Dan McGugin
Daniel Earle McGugin (July 29, 1879 – January 23, 1936) was an American college football player and coach, as well as a lawyer. He served as the head football coach at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee from 1904 to 1917 and again from 1919 to 1934, compiling a record of 197–55–19. He is the winningest head coach in the history of the university. McGugin was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951 as part of its inaugural class. The Vanderbilt athletics office building, the McGugin Center, bears his name.

McGugin played football for Drake and for the  "Point-a-Minute" Michigan teams. He was the brother-in-law of University of Michigan coach Fielding H. Yost.
Mashed Potato (dance)
The Mashed Potato is a dance move which was a popular dance craze of 1962. The dance move and mashed potato song were first made famous by James Brown in 1959 and used in his concerts regularly. It was also a dance done to songs such as Dee Dee Sharp's "Mashed Potato Time". The move vaguely resembles that of the twist, by Sharp's fellow Philadelphian Chubby Checker. The dance was first popularized internationally after being named in the lyrics of Motown's first mega-hit in the song "Do You Love Me" written by Berry Gordy Jr. and performed by The Contours in 1962.

Dance crazes
Novelty and fad dances are dances which are typically characterized by a short burst of popularity. Some of them, like the Twist, Y.M.C.A. and the Hokey Pokey, have shown much longer-lasting popularity. They are also called dance fads or dance crazes.
Local Government Board
The Local Government Board (LGB) was a British Government supervisory body overseeing local administration in England and Wales from 1871 to 1919.

The LGB was created by the Local Government Board Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 70) and took over the public health and local government responsibilities of the Home Secretary and the Privy Council and all the functions of the Poor Law Board, which was abolished.

In 1919 the LGB was converted into a new department called the Ministry of Health.

Local board of health
A local board of health (or simply a local board) was a local authority in urban areas of England and Wales from 1848 to 1894. They were formed in response to cholera epidemics and were given powers to control sewers, clean the streets, regulate environmental health risks including slaughterhouses and ensure the proper supply of water to their districts. Local boards were eventually merged with the corporations of municipal boroughs in 1873, or became urban districts in 1894.
An Echo of Things to Come
An Echo of Things to Come is a 2017 Australian high fantasy novel by James Islington. It is the second book in The Licanius Trilogy, preceded by The Shadow of What Was Lost and followed by The Light of All That Falls.

The Light of All That Falls
The Light of All That Falls is a 2019 epic fantasy novel by James Islington. It is the conclusion to his Licanius Trilogy. It was preceded by The Shadow of What Was Lost and An Echo of Things to Come. The novel received mixed critical reviews.
West End Gasworks
West End Gasworks is a heritage-listed gasworks at 321 Montague Road, West End, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as South Brisbane Gas and Light Company Works. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1999.

West End, Queensland
West End is an inner southern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, West End had a population of 14,730 people.

The Aboriginal name for the area is Kurilpa, which means place of the water rat.
Ringsaker Municipality
Ringsaker (pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Brumunddal. Other settlements in Ringsaker include the town of Moelv and the villages of Furnes, Kvål, Kylstad, Mesnali, Nydal, Rudshøgda, Stavsjø, Tingnes, and Byflaten.

The 1,280-square-kilometre (490 sq mi) municipality is the 77th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Ringsaker Municipality is the 30th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 35,911. The municipality's population density is 28.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Rudshøgda
Rudshøgda is a village in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the towns of Moelv (to the northwest) and Brumunddal (to the southeast). The European route E6 highway runs through the village.

The Dovrebanen railway line runs through the village as well. From 1914 to 1994, the trains stopped at the Rudshøgda Station. During the 1980s there were plans to build an airport at Rudshøgda, but this did not happen.
Southern Cameroons National Council
The Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) is a political organisation seeking the independence of the former anglophone Southern Cameroons from the predominantly francophone Republic of Cameroon (République du Cameroun) and achieving the unification with neighbouring Nigeria. It is a non-violent organisation with the motto "The force of argument, not the argument of force."  Because the SCNC advocates secession from Cameroon, it has been declared an illegal organisation by the government of Paul Biya. Security forces regularly interrupt SCNC meetings, arresting members and typically detaining them for several days before release.

Bamenda
Bamenda, also known as Abakwa and Mankon Town, is a city in northwestern Cameroon and capital of the Northwest Region. The city has a population of about six hundred thousand people and is located 366 km (227 mi) north-west of the Cameroonian capital, Yaoundé. Bamenda is known for its cool climate and scenic hilly location.
Haplogroup N-M231
Haplogroup N (M231) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup defined by the presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker M231.

It is most commonly found in males originating from northern Eurasia. It also has been observed at lower frequencies in populations native to other regions, including parts of the Balkans, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

However, the basal paragroup N* has only been found in populations indigenous to China and Cambodia. Subclades of N-M231 have been found at low levels in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, Southwest Asia and the Balkans. These factors tend to suggest that it originated in East Asia or Southeast Asia.

Nenets
The Nenets (Nenets: ненэй ненэче, romanized: nenəj nenəče; Russian: ненцы, romanized: nentsy), in the past also called 'Samoyeds' or 'Yuraks', are a Samoyedic ethnic group native to the Russian Arctic, in the Russian Far North. According to the latest census in 2021, there were 49,646 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District stretching along the coastline of the Arctic Ocean near the Arctic Circle between Kola and Taymyr peninsulas. The Nenets people speak either the Tundra or Forest Nenets languages. In the Russian Federation they have a status of Indigenous small-numbered peoples. Today, the Nenets people face numerous challenges from the state and oil and gas companies that threaten the environment and their way of life. As a result, many cite a rise in locally based activism.
Timeline of ATV
This is a timeline of the former British television broadcaster Associated Television (ATV). It provided the ITV service for London at weekends and the Midlands on weekdays from 1955 to 1968, and for the Midlands all week from 1968 to 1982.

History of ITV
The history of ITV, the United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies "Independent Television" commercial network, goes back to 1955.

Independent Television began as a network of independently owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network.

By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group.
Loughinsholin
Loughinsholin (from Irish  Loch Inse Ui Fhloinn 'lough of O'Flynn's island') is a barony in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Its southeast borders the northwest shore of Lough Neagh, and itself is bordered by seven other baronies: Dungannon Upper to the south; Strabane Upper to the west; Keenaght and Coleraine to the north; Kilconway, Toome Upper, and Toome Lower to the east. It was formed largely on the extent of the northern part of the medieval Irish túath of Uí Tuirtri.

The Sperrin Mountains rise to the west of Loughinsholin, with Slieve Gallion and Carntogher the two most notable mountains of the range in the barony. The Ballinderry River flows along the southern boundary of the barony, with the River Moyola cutting through the middle, both emptying into Lough Neagh. The largest settlement in the barony is the town of Magherafelt.

Toome Upper
Toome Upper is a barony in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. To its south lies Lough Neagh, and it is bordered by five other baronies: Toome Lower to the north; Antrim Lower to the north-east; Antrim Upper to the east; Massereene Lower to the south-east; and Loughinsholin to the south-east. Toome Upper also formed part of the medieval territories known as the Route and Clandeboye.
Diocese of Rockford
The Diocese of Rockford (Latin: Diœcesis Rockfordiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in Northern Illinois in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Chicago.

The mother church of the Diocese of Rockford is the Cathedral of Saint Peter in the City of Rockford. Pope Benedict XVI appointed David Malloy as the ninth and current bishop on March 20, 2012.

Raymond Peter Hillinger
Raymond Peter Hillinger (May 2, 1904 – November 13, 1971) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as a bishop of the Diocese of Rockford in Illinois (1954–1956) and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago (1956–1971).
Rosalind E. Krauss
Rosalind Krauss (née Epstein; born November 30, 1941) is an American art critic, art theorist and a professor at Columbia University in New York City. Krauss is known for her scholarship in 20th-century painting, sculpture and photography. As a critic and theorist she has published steadily since 1965 in Artforum, Art International and Art in America. She was associate editor of Artforum from 1971 to 1974 and has been editor of October, a journal of contemporary arts criticism and theory that she co-founded in 1976.

In 2025, she was awarded the Balzan Prize for her outstanding scholarly achievements and her foundational role in the establishment of contemporary art as a field of research.

Georges Bataille
Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (/bɑːˈtaɪ/; French: [ʒɔʁʒ batɑj]; 10 September 1897 – 8 July 1962) was a French intellectual working in philosophy, literature, sociology, anthropology, and history of art. His writing, which included essays, novels, and poetry, explored such subjects as eroticism, mysticism, surrealism, and transgression. His work would prove influential on subsequent schools of philosophy and social theory, including post-structuralism.
The Books of the Bible (book)
The Books of the Bible is the first presentation of an unabridged committee translation of the Bible to remove chapter and verse numbers entirely and instead present the biblical books according to their natural literary structures. This edition of the Bible is also noteworthy for the way it recombines books that have traditionally been divided, and for the way it puts the biblical books in a different order.

The edition was first published by the International Bible Society (now Biblica) in 2007 in Today's New International Version (TNIV). It was re-released in September 2012 in the latest update to the New International Version (NIV).

Luke–Acts
Luke–Acts is the composite narrative formed by the Gospel according to Luke and the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament. The two-volume work links the ministry of Jesus to the development of the early church, follows the spread of Christianity from Jerusalem to the wider Mediterranean, and presents salvation history as the framework for understanding those events.

Some modern editions of the Bible and New Testament, including The Original New Testament (1985) and The Books of the Bible (2007), combine Luke–Acts into a single book.
2023 FIBA Women's Asia Cup
The 2023 FIBA Women's Asia Cup was the 30th edition of the tournament, held from 26 June to 2 July 2023 in Sydney, Australia. This was the first time Australia hosted the tournament. The top four teams qualified for the 2024 FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments.

China won their 12th title after a win in the final over Japan.

The FIBA Women's Asia Cup 2023 Division B was held later from 13 to 19 August 2023 in Bangkok, Thailand.

FIBA Women's Asia Cup
The FIBA Women's Asia Cup is an international basketball tournament which takes place every two years for women's national teams from FIBA Asia, and since 2017 also including FIBA Oceania. It was known as the ABC Championship for Women until 2001, and the FIBA Asia Championship for Women until 2015. The winner of this tournament qualifies automatically for the FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup, while the next best five teams advance to the World Cup Qualifying Tournaments.
Left, Right & Center
Left, Right, & Center is a weekly hour-long public radio program. The program is also distributed as a political podcast. The show is recorded each Friday, produced by KCRW in Santa Monica, California, by Laura Dine Million.

After covering the week's events and speaking to invited guests about other topics of interest, each host gets a short period of time to rant or rave about whatever they like without fear of rebuttal.

Political podcast
A political podcast is a podcast that focus on contemporary politics and current affairs. Most political podcasts maintain a connection with an existing media source such as a newspaper or magazine. They aim to inform or entertain or advocate a cause, usually for progressive causes, although there are some conservative podcasts. They are often cost-effective to produce, requiring minimal computer technology to operate. Their audiences are generally persons in interested in current events, and programs usually have a duration of a half hour to an hour.