hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cushitic languages
The Cushitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken primarily in the Horn of Africa, with minorities speaking Cushitic languages to the north in Egypt and Sudan, and to the south in Kenya and Tanzania. As of 2012, the Cushitic languages with over one million speakers were Oromo, Somali, Beja, Afar, Hadiyya, Kambaata, and Sidama.

Agaw languages
The Agaw or Central Cushitic languages are Afroasiatic languages spoken by several groups in Ethiopia and, in one case, Eritrea.  They form the main substratum influence on Amharic and other Ethio-Semitic languages.
Imam Ali Officers' Academy
Imam Ali Officers' University (Persian: دانشگاه افسری امام علی; acronym: دا اف, DĀʿAF), formerly known as Officers' School (Persian: دانشکده افسری) is the military academy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces, located in Tehran, Iran. Cadets of the academy achieve the second lieutenant rank upon graduation and join the Ground Forces.

Military academy
A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.

Three types of academy exist: pre-collegiate-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's-degree-level qualifications, and those preparing officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of the state.

A naval academy is either a type of military academy (in the broad sense of that term) or is distinguished from one (in the narrow sense). In U.S. usage, the Military, Merchant Marine, Naval, Coast Guard, and the Air Force Academy serve as military academies under the categorization of service academies in that country.
Coining (mint)
Minting, coining or coinage is the process of manufacturing coins using a kind of stamping, the process used in both hammered coinage and milled coinage. This "stamping" process is different from the method used in cast coinage.

A coin die (archaically spelt dye) is one of the two metallic pieces that are used to strike a coin, one per each side of the coin. A die contains an inverse version of the image to be struck on the coin. Striking a coin refers to pressing an image into the blank metal disc, or planchet, and is a term descended from the days when the dies were struck with hammers to deform the metal into the image of the dies.

Modern dies made out of hardened steel are capable of producing hundreds of thousands of coins before they are retired and defaced. Scissel is the scrap produced in the punching of coin blanks from a continuous strip of metal.

Hammered coinage
Hammered coinage was the most common form of coins produced from the invention of coins in the first millennium BC until the early modern period of c. the 15th–17th centuries, contrasting to the cast coinage and the later developed milled coinage.
Martha De Laurentiis
Martha De Laurentiis (née Schumacher and credited as such until 1995; July 10, 1954 – December 4, 2021) was an American film producer. De Laurentiis was known for producing films such as Breakdown, U-571, Hannibal, and Red Dragon with her husband Dino De Laurentiis, as well as the television series Hannibal.

Dino De Laurentiis
Agostino "Dino" De Laurentiis (Italian: [ˈdiːno de lauˈrɛnti.is]; 8 August 1919 – 10 November 2010) was an Italian film producer and businessman who held both Italian and American citizenship. Following a brief acting career in the late 1930s and early 1940s, he moved into film production; alongside Carlo Ponti, he brought Italian cinema to the international scene in the post-World War II period.

He produced or co-produced over 500 films, with 38 of his Hollywood films receiving Academy Award nominations. He was also the creator and operator of DDL Foodshow, a chain of Italian specialty foods stores.
North Abaco
North Abaco is one of the districts of the Bahamas, on the Abaco Islands. It has a population of 9,578 according to the 2010 census.

Some of the more well-known settlements within this district include:

Wood Cay

Crown Haven

Cedar Harbour

Coopers Town

Fire Road Village

Black Wood Village

New Plymouth

Treasure Cay

Murphy Town

Dundas Town

Crown Haven
Crown Haven is a medium-sized community on the island of Abaco in northern Bahamas. It can be found in the most northwestern part of the island within the North Abaco district.

The population of Crown Haven is 210 (from the 2010 census).
Cheboksary constituency
The Cheboksary constituency (No. 38) is a Russian legislative constituency in Chuvashia. The constituency covers western half of Chuvashia, including western Cheboksary, Alatyr and Shumerlya.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Alla Salayeva, former Deputy Prime Minister of Chuvashia, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Leonid Cherkesov.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring
The System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring (SDCM), is the satellite-based navigation augmentation system operated by Russia's Roscosmos space agency to augment the precision of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It uses the Luch Multifunctional Space Relay System to transmit correction data.

SDCM's service area covers the Russian Federation. As of 2021 it had not yet been certified for use for public aviation.

GNSS augmentation
Augmentation of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is a method of improving the navigation system's attributes, such as precision, reliability, and availability, through the integration of external information into the calculation process. There are many such systems in place, and they are generally named or described based on how the GNSS sensor receives the external information. Some systems transmit additional information about sources of error (such as clock drift, ephemeris, or ionospheric delay), others provide direct measurements of how much the signal was off in the past, while a third group provides additional vehicle information to be integrated in the calculation process.
VBScript
VBScript (Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition) is a deprecated programming language for scripting on Microsoft Windows using Component Object Model (COM), based on classic Visual Basic and Active Scripting. It was popular with system administrators for managing computers and automating many aspects of computing environments, and has been installed by default in every desktop release of Microsoft Windows since Windows 98; in Windows Server since Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack; and optionally with Windows CE (depending on the device it is installed on).

VBScript running environments include Windows Script Host (WSH), Internet Explorer (IE), and Internet Information Services (IIS). The running environment is embeddable in other programs via the Microsoft Script Control (msscript.ocx).

In October 2023, Microsoft announced that VBScript was deprecated. In May 2024, a multi-phase deprecation schedule was announced with disabling it by default "around 2027" and removing it sometime later.

Scripting language
In computing, a script is a relatively short and simple set of instructions that typically automate an otherwise manual process. The act of writing a script is called scripting. A scripting language or script language is a programming language that is used for scripting.

Originally, scripting was limited to automating shells in operating systems, and languages were relatively simple. Today, scripting is more pervasive and some scripting languages include modern features that allow them to be used to develop application software also.
Battle of Champion Hill order of battle: Union
The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Champion Hill of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization, returns of casualties and reports.

Battle of Champion Hill order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Champion Hill of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization, returns of casualties and reports.
Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club
Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Nottinghamshire. The club's limited overs team is called the Notts Outlaws.

The county club was founded in 1841, although teams had played first-class cricket under the Nottinghamshire name since 1835. The county club has always held first-class status. Nottinghamshire had competed in the County Championship since the official start of the competition in 1890 and have played in every top-level elite domestic cricket competition in England.

The club plays most of its home games at the Trent Bridge cricket ground in West Bridgford, Nottingham, which is also a venue for Test matches. The club has played matches at numerous other venues in the county.

Trent Bridge
Trent Bridge Cricket Ground is a cricket ground mostly used for Test, One-Day International and county cricket located in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, England, just across the River Trent from the city of Nottingham. Trent Bridge is also the headquarters of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club. As well as international cricket and Nottinghamshire's home games, the ground has hosted the Finals Day of the Twenty20 Cup twice and has hosted One-Day Cup since 2021.

In 2009, the ground was used for the ICC World Twenty20 and hosted the semi-final between South Africa and Pakistan. The site takes its name from the nearby main bridge over the Trent and it is also close to Meadow Lane and the City Ground, the football stadiums of Notts County and Nottingham Forest respectively.
Karbi Anglong district
Karbi Anglong district is an administrative unit in the Indian state of Assam. It is an autonomous district administered by the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) according to the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the constitution of India. The district headquarters is in Diphu.

Manja, India
Manja is a small town in the Karbi Anglong district of Assam in India. It lies on the banks of the Chomna (Yamuna) river and is surrounded by scenic blue hills. The town is also the starting point of National Highway 329, connecting it to nearby cities such as Diphu and Dimapur. Manja has an estimated population of around 30,000 and serves as a local hub with schools, junior colleges, and a community health centre. The nearby Langvoku waterfall, located about 10 km from the town, is one of its main natural attractions.
MV Golden Gate
MV Golden Gate (previously MV Chinook) is a passenger-only fast ferry operated by Golden Gate Ferries.

The vessel is the second passenger ferry to hold the name and was purchased from Washington State Ferries by the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District (along with MV Snohomish) and entered service with Golden Gate Transit in May 2011 after a complete refit that began in late 2009.

The vessel was built in 1999 to offer 30 minute ferry service from Bremerton to Seattle. The service ceased a few years later because of beach possible erosion along Puget Sound's Rich Passage. As the Chinook, the ferry had previously been mothballed at the WSF Shipyard at Eagle Harbor, Bainbridge Island for four years when she was placed on eBay for auction on February 20, 2008, with an asking price of $4.5 million (USD).

Passenger-Only Fast Ferry-class ferry
The Passenger-Only Fast Ferry, also known as the Chinook class, are ferries built by Dakota Creek Industries in Anacortes, Washington for Washington State Ferries beginning in 1998.  They are unique in the system for being propelled by water jets rather than traditional propellers.  With these jets, they travel at the very high speed of 38 knots.

There was opposition to the ferries due to allegations of beach erosion in Rich Passage caused by their wake. The state settled these claims for $4.5 million in 2002.

In 2009, both vessels were sold to Golden Gate Ferries which uses them on the San Francisco - Marin County run.

The Passenger-Only Fast Ferry Class ferries include:

MV Golden Gate (Formerly MV Chinook)

MV Napa (Formerly MV Snohomish)
Asut Malkia
The Asut Malkia (Classical Mandaic: ࡀࡎࡅࡕ ࡌࡀࡋࡊࡉࡀ, lit. 'Salutation of Kings', Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [aˈsut ˈmelki]) is one of the most commonly recited prayers in Mandaeism. In the prayer, the reciter wishes health and victory (asuta u-zakuta ࡀࡎࡅࡕࡀ ࡅࡆࡀࡊࡅࡕࡀ) upon dozens of heavenly and ancestral figures. According to E. S. Drower, it is recited daily by priests and also before all baptisms (masbuta), ritual meals (lofani), and various rites.

The Asut Malkia is numbered as Prayer 105 in E. S. Drower's version of the Qulasta, which was based on manuscript 53 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 53).

Ezlat
In Mandaeism, ʿZlat (Classical Mandaic: ࡏࡆࡋࡀࡕ, lit. 'she wove/she span'), also Ezlat, Īzlat, or ʿZlat Rabtia ('ʿZlat the Great', Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ʕezˈlɑt ˈrɑbti]), is the wife or female consort of Shishlam, a figure representing the prototypical priest or prototypical Mandaean. Hence, Zlat symbolizes the prototypical Mandaean priestly wife as the archetype of the pure bride. She is described in the Mandaean priestly text The Thousand and Twelve Questions as the "Wellspring of Light."

Zlat is also mentioned in Qulasta prayers 17, 105, 106, 171 (the Šal Šulta), and 173 (the Šumhata).
2011–12 New Mexico Lobos men's basketball team
The 2011–12 New Mexico Lobos men's basketball team represented the University of New Mexico as a member of the Mountain West Conference. The Lobos are coached by fifth-year head coach Steve Alford and play their home games at The Pit in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They finished with a record of 28–7 overall, 10–4 in Mountain West play. They were co-champions of the 2012 Mountain West Regular Season Champions with San Diego State and won the 2012 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament. They earned a 5th seed in the west of the 2012 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. They lost in the third round to Louisville.

2011–12 San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball team
The 2011–12 San Diego State men's basketball team represented San Diego State University in the 2011–12 college basketball season. It was their 13th season in the Mountain West Conference. This was head coach Steve Fisher's thirteenth season at San Diego State. The Aztecs played their home games at Viejas Arena. They finished with a record of 26–8 overall and 10–4 in Mountain West play to be co-champions of the Mountain West with New Mexico. They lost in the championship game of the Mountain West Basketball tournament to New Mexico. They received an at-large bid into the 2012 NCAA tournament, earning the 6 seed in the Midwest which they lost to North Carolina State in the second round.
Yuanjiang
Yuanjiang (Chinese: 沅江市; pinyin: Yuánjiāng Shì) is a county-level city in the Province of Hunan, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yiyang.

Located in the north of the province, the city is bordered to the north by Nan County, to the northeast by Yueyang County, to the southeast by Xiangyin County, to the south by Ziyang District, and to the west by Hanshou County. Yuanjiang City covers 2,012.5 km2 (777.0 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 768,000 and a permanent resident population of 689,100. Yuanjiang has 11 towns and two subdistricts under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Qionghu (琼湖街道).

Yuanjiang is a city in the drainage basin of Yuan River (Yuan Jiang), it is named after the river, which flows through the city roughly west to east. its most land is located on the northwestern bank of the Dongting Lake.

It is home to Chishan Prison, which holds a number of political prisoners.

Yueyang County
Yueyang County (simplified Chinese: 岳阳县; traditional Chinese: 岳陽縣; pinyin: Yuèyáng Xiàn) is a county in Hunan province, China. It is under the administration of Yueyang City.

The county is located on the northeastern margin of the province; the Xiang River runs through the west of the county from south to east, most of the county is located on the eastern shore of the Dongting Lake. It is bordered to the north by Jianli County of Hubei, Linxiang City, Yunxi and Yueyanglou Districts, to the northwest and the west by Junshan District and Nan County, to the south by Yuanjiang, Miluo Cities, Xiangyin and Pingjiang Counties, and to the east by Tongcheng County of Hubei.

Yueyang County covers an area of 2,893.3 km2 (1,117.1 sq mi), as of 2015, it had a registered population of 720,660 and a permanent resident population of 733,300. The county has 11 towns and three townships under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Rongjiawan (荣家湾镇).
Talat Phlu railway station
Talat Phlu railway station  is a railway station located in Talat Phlu subdistrict, Thon Buri district, Bangkok. It is a class 2 railway station and serves Talat Phlu community. It is located in a different location to Talat Phlu BTS station. Currently, 34 rail services operate at the station.

Talat Phlu
Talat Phlu or Talad Phlu (Thai: ตลาดพลู, pronounced [tā.làːt pʰlūː]) is a community and marketplace by the canal Khlong Bangkok Yai in Talat Phlu subdistrict, Thon Buri district, Thonburi side of Bangkok.
Cabinet of Manuel Isidoro Belzu
The Belzu Cabinet constituted the 17th to 22nd cabinets of the Bolivian Republic. It was formed on 10 February 1849, 66 days after Manuel Isidoro Belzu was installed as the 11th president of Bolivia following a coup d'état, succeeding the Fourth Velasco Cabinet. It was dissolved on 15 August 1855 upon the end of Belzu's term and was succeeded by the Cabinet of Jorge Córdova.

Cabinet of Jorge Córdova
The Córdova Cabinet constituted the 23rd cabinet of the Bolivian Republic. It was formed on 17 August 1855, 2 days after Jorge Córdova was sworn-in as the 12th president of Bolivia following the 1855 general election, succeeding the Belzu Cabinet. It was dissolved on 9 September 1857 upon Córdova's overthrow in a coup d'état and was succeeded by the Cabinet of José María Linares.
William P. Reid
William Paton Reid, CBE (8 September 1854 – 2 February 1932) was apprenticed to the Cowlairs railway works of the North British Railway in 1879 and was Locomotive Superintendent from 1903 to 1919. He was appointed a CBE in 1920.  He was born, and died, in Glasgow, Scotland.

Prior to his appointment, he had been Assistant Locomotive Superintendent to his predecessor, Matthew Holmes.

Matthew Holmes (engineer)
Matthew Holmes (born in Paisley in 1844 and died in Lenzie on 3 July 1903) was Locomotive Superintendent of the North British Railway from 1882 to 1903.

The office had two deputies, the senior known as Assistant Locomotive Superintendent and Chief Draughtsman, the junior known as Assistant Locomotive Superintendent. Throughout his incumbency, Holmes's Assistant Locomotive Superintendent and Chief Draughtsman was Robert Chalmers. Various men held the position of Assistant Locomotive Superintendent, the last to do so being William Paton Reid. Holmes was succeeded in office by Reid. Later, Reid was to be succeeded by Robert Chalmers' son, Walter.
Inghimasi
Inghimasi (Arabic: اِنْغِمَاسِيّ, romanized: Inġimāsīy, "become immersed"), also called shahid (Arabic: شَهِيد, "martyr") and istishhadi  (Arabic: اِسْتِشْهَادِيّ, "martyrdom seeker"), are forlorn hope or suicide attack shock troops utilized by several  extremist jihadist groups, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), al-Qaeda, Jabhat al-Nusra, Tahrir al-Sham, Boko Haram, and al-Shabaab.

Forlorn hope
A forlorn hope is a band of soldiers or other combatants chosen to take the vanguard in a military operation, such as a suicidal assault through the breach of a defended position, or the first men to climb a scaling ladder against a defended fortification, or a rearguard, to be expended to save a retreating army, where the risk of casualties is high.
Such men were volunteers motivated by the promise of reward or promotion, or men under punishment offered pardon for their offenses, if they survived.
Leader of the Opposition (Trinidad and Tobago)
The Leader of the Opposition (officially the Leader of the Opposition of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago) is the leader of the largest political party in the House of Representatives that is not in government.

The Leader of the Opposition is a member of the House of Representatives, and is appointed by the President of Trinidad and Tobago.

The current Leader of the Opposition is Pennelope Beckles-Robinson.

Leader of the Opposition
The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the opposition is typically seen as an alternative prime minister (or other similar office, such as premier, minister-president, first minister, or chief minister) to the incumbent; in the Westminster system, they head a rival alternative government known as the shadow cabinet or opposition front bench. The same term is also used to refer to the leader of the largest political party that is not in government in subnational state, provincial, and other regional and local legislatures.

The full title for the Leader of the Opposition is the Leader of His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition in the United Kingdom and in many Commonwealth realms.
Partula varia
Partula varia is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species is endemic to Huahine, French Polynesia. It was extinct in the wild. In 2019 the species was reintroduced to the wild on Huahine.

Huahine
Huahine is an island located among the Society Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the South Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Leeward Islands group (Îles sous le Vent). At the 2022 census it had a population of 6,263.
Haplogroup Q-M242
Haplogroup Q or Q-M242 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It has two primary subclades: Q1/Q-L472 (also known as Q-MEH2) and Q2/Q-L275). These include numerous subclades that have been sampled and identified in males among modern populations.

Q is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among Native Americans, Swati tribe and several peoples of Central Asia and Siberia.

Selkup people
The Selkup (Russian: селькупы, romanized: sel'kupy) are an Indigenous people of Siberia traditionally settling in the northern parts of Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai and Tyumen Oblast (with Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Their original language belongs to the Samoyedic branch of the Uralic family.

The Selkups are included in the list of so-called Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East of Russia.