hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Domestic terrorism
Domestic terrorism or homegrown terrorism is a form of terrorism in which victims "within a country are targeted by a perpetrator with the same citizenship" as the victims. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it.

Unlike domestic terrorism, state terrorism is that perpetrated by nation states, but is not considered such by the state conducting it, making legality a grey area.

Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting
The Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting was a mass shooting that took place at the gurdwara (Sikh temple) in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, on August 5, 2012, when 40-year-old Wade Michael Page fatally shot six people and wounded four others.  A seventh victim died of his wounds in 2020. Page committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.

Page was an American white supremacist and Army veteran from Cudahy, Wisconsin.  Apart from the shooter, all of the dead were members of the Sikh faith.  The incident drew responses from President Barack Obama and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Dignitaries attended candlelight vigils in countries such as the U.S., Canada, and India. First Lady Michelle Obama visited the temple on August 23, 2012.
Mayor of Pristina
The mayor of Pristina (Albanian: Prishtinë; Serbian: Приштина or Priština) is the head of the City of Pristina (capital of Kosovo). The mayor acts on behalf of the city and performs the executive function in the City of Pristina. In the Preliminary results of the 2011 census the population of Pristina was numbered around 198,000. The majority of population is Albanian, but there are also smaller communities including Bosniaks, Serbs, Romani and others. The surface of Pristina is 854 km2. Pristina is known as the center of cultural, economical and political developments. Since 2021 the current mayor is Përparim Rama. The city is home of University of Pristina, Pristina International Airport Adem Jashari, the Government Building and the Assembly of Kosovo.

Përparim Rama
Përparim Rama (born 20 January 1976) is a Kosovo-Albanian architect and urban planner serving as the current Mayor of Pristina since 7 December 2021. His work has been published in London Building Design Magazine and several other international design magazines.
Cheilosporum
Cheilosporum is a genus of red algae in the family Corallinaceae.

The arrow coralline Cheilosporum sagittatum (Lamouroux) Areschoug is a seaweed of temperate waters of Australia (from Perth, Western Australia, to Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, and around Tasmania).

Corallinaceae
The Corallinaceae are one of the two extant Coralline families of red algae; they are differentiated from the morphologically similar Sporolithaceae by their formation of grouped sporangial chambers, clustered into sori.  The Corallinoideae is monophyletic; the other subfamilies form another monophyletic group.
Bubbles (Trailer Park Boys)
Bubbles is a fictional character in the Canadian television series Trailer Park Boys. The character is portrayed by Mike Smith. Bubbles is one of the three main protagonists on the show along with Ricky and Julian. He was created by Mike Smith. Bubbles also appears in four feature-length films: Trailer Park Boys: The Movie (2006), Countdown to Liquor Day (2009), Don't Legalize It (2014), and Standing on the Shoulders of Kitties (2024). Bubbles also appears in numerous spin-offs, including Out of the Park: Europe, Out of the Park: USA, and The Animated Series, voiced by Mike Smith.

Trailer Park Boys: The Animated Series
Trailer Park Boys: The Animated Series is a Canadian adult animated sitcom created by John Paul Tremblay, Robb Wells, and Mike Smith. The series is a spin-off and sequel to the 2001 television mockumentary comedy series, Trailer Park Boys, itself a sequel to Mike Clattenburg's 1999 film of the same name.

Picking up after the events of the original series' twelfth season, The Animated Series continues to follow the misadventures of a group of trailer park residents, some of whom are ex-convicts, living in the fictional Sunnyvale Trailer Park in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.

The series premiered on Netflix on March 31, 2019. A second season was released on May 22, 2020.
Magura Glacier
Magura Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Магура, romanized: lednik Magura, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik mɐˈɡurɐ]) on the southeast side of Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is located to the north of M'Kean Point, northeast of Srebarna Glacier, south of Iskar Glacier and southwest of Dobrudzha Glacier.

Srebarna Glacier
Srebarna Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Сребарна, romanized: lednik Srebarna, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈsrɛbɐrnɐ]) on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is situated east-northeast of Boyana Glacier, southeast of the head of Macy Glacier and southwest of Magura Glacier. It extends 2.3 km in southwest-northeast direction and 1.8 km in northwest-southeast direction, and drains southeast of Serdica Peak and the Great Needle Peak in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains to enter Bransfield Strait between Aytos Point and M'Kean Point.

The glacier is named after Srebarna Lake in northeastern Bulgaria.
Carmoterol
Carmoterol (INN; development codes TA-2005 and CHF-4226) is a non-catechol experimental ultra-long-acting β adrenoreceptor agonist (ultra-LABA) that was in clinical trials before 2010 when it has been withdrawn from further development based on evidence that the compound does not possess a competitive profile.

Preliminary studies indicated duration of its effect exceeding 24 hours after inhalation of 3 μg. The pharmacologic profile of this medication included the fact its potency in isolated guinea pig trachea is greater than that of formoterol and salmeterol. It is over 100 times more selective for bronchial muscle than myocardial tissue.

Long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist
Long-acting β adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) are beta-adrenergic agonists usually prescribed for moderate-to-severe persistent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

LABAs are designed to reduce the need for shorter-acting β2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), as they have an approximately twelve-hour duration of action, compared to about five hours for salbutamol, making them candidates for sparing high doses of corticosteroids or treating nocturnal asthma and providing symptomatic relief for COPD patients.

With the exception of formoterol, LABAs are not recommended for the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations because of their slower onset of action compared to salbutamol. Their long duration of action is due to the addition of a long lipophilic side-chain that binds to an exosite on adrenergic receptors. This allows the active portion of the molecule to continuously bind and unbind at β2 receptors in the smooth muscle of the lungs.
Transmashholding
CJSC Transmashholding (Russian: Трансмашхолдинг) is the largest manufacturer of locomotives and rail equipment in Russia, and after merging with LocoTech service, the fourth largest engineering company in the field of transport technology globally.

The company includes 14 engineering and production sites in Russia and one production and engineering site in Germany as well as investments in Argentina.

Alstom
Alstom SA (French: [alstɔm]) is a French multinational rail transport systems manufacturer. It is active in the fields of passenger transportation, rail services, signalling, and locomotives, producing high-speed, suburban, regional and urban trains along with trams.

The company and its name (originally spelled Alsthom) were formed by a merger between the electric engineering division of Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (Als) and Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston (thom) in 1928. Significant acquisitions later included the Constructions Électriques de France (1932), shipbuilder Chantiers de l'Atlantique (1976), and parts of ACEC (late 1980s).
Benbradagh (District Electoral Area)
Benbradagh is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Causeway Coast and Glens, Northern Ireland. The district elects five members to Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council and contains the wards of Altahullion, Ballykelly, Dungiven, Feeny and Greysteel. Benbradagh forms part of the East Londonderry constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Limavady Area B which had existed since 1973, where it contained five wards (Dungiven, Feeny, Forest, The Highlands and Upper Glenshane).  For the 2014 local elections it gained part of the abolished Bellarena DEA around Ballykelly.

Bellarena (District Electoral Area)
Bellarena was one of the three district electoral areas in Limavady, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. The district elected five members to Limavady Borough Council, and formed part of the East Londonderry constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Limavady Area A which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Aghanloo, Ballykelly, Black, Greysteel and Magilligan. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and divided between the Limavady DEA and the Benbradagh DEA.
Subhas Anandan
Subhas Anandan (25 December 1947 – 7 January 2015) was a Singaporean criminal lawyer, who was known to have represented criminals in many high-profile cases that occurred in Singapore.

At the time of his death, Anandan was the senior partner in law firm RHTLaw Taylor Wessing LLP and headed its department in criminal law. He was a founding member and the first president of the Association of Criminal Lawyers of Singapore. He was also the president of Cuesports Singapore, the national sports association for billiards, snooker, and pool. Towards the end of his life, Anandan's health began to deteriorate and he died of heart failure in January 2015.

Murder of Sulaiman bin Hashim
On the early morning of 31 May 2001, 17-year-old national footballer Sulaiman bin Hashim (4 June 1983 – 31 May 2001), along with his two friends were attacked by a group of eight youths from gang 369, known as Salakau, as they were walking along South Bridge Road, Clarke Quay, Singapore. Sulaiman was grievously assaulted by the gang while his two friends managed to escape. During the assault, Sulaiman sustained 13 stab wounds and two of them were fatal; he died as a result. The case was classified as murder and within the next 13 months, six of the gang members (including the mastermind) involved were arrested and eventually sentenced to jail and caning for culpable homicide, rioting and voluntarily causing grievous hurt. However, till today, the remaining two assailants were never caught.
Regents Park (Chicago)
Regents Park is a 1,026 unit apartment complex in the Indian Village section of the Kenwood community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and adjacent to the Hyde Park community area border.  Bordering Harold Washington Park, its two parallel towers are just west of Lake Shore Drive, Burnham Park and Lake Michigan with clear park and lake views to the east and south.  The 37 floor Regents Park South Tower was completed in 1972 and the 36 floor Regents Park North Tower was completed in 1974.  The South Tower is the tallest building in Kenwood, and overlooks Lake Michigan and Burnham Park to the east and Harold Washington Park to the south.

Indian Village, Chicago
Indian Village is the small southeast corner of Kenwood, a community area on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States.  It is bounded by Lake Shore Drive to the east, Burnham Park to the north, 51st Street (signed locally as East Hyde Park Boulevard) to the south, Harold Washington Park to the southeast, and the Illinois Central Railroad tracks used by the South Shore and Metra Electric Lines to the west. Many of the buildings in the neighborhood are named after American Indian tribes including the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-designated Narragansett; the Powhatan Apartments, a Chicago Landmark; the Chippewa; and the Algonquin Apartment buildings.
Josef Felix Pompeckj
Josef Felix Pompeckj (May 10, 1867, Groß-Köllen – July 8, 1930, Berlin) was a German paleontologist and geologist.

He was born in Groß-Köllen, Kingdom of Prussia (now Kolno in Poland). He studied geology and paleontology at the University of Königsberg, receiving his doctorate in 1890 with the thesis Die Trilobitenfauna der ost- und westpreußischen Diluvialgeschiebe. In 1903 he became an associate professor in Munich, and from 1904 taught classes in geology and mineralogy at the agricultural college in Hohenheim.

In 1907 he relocated to the University of Göttingen, where he eventually became a full professor of geology and paleontology. From 1913 he worked as a professor at Tübingen, then in 1917 moved to the University of Berlin as successor to Wilhelm von Branca. At Berlin, he was appointed director of Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut und Museum where one of his doctoral students was Hertha Doreck.

Hertha Doreck
Hertha Sieverts-Doreck, née Sieverts (15 July 1889 – 30 March 1991), was a German paleontologist who studied and published her research about the marine animals called Cretaceous Crinoids. She often published her research under the name Hertha Sieverts-Doreck.
Illinois Railway
The Illinois Railway (reporting mark IR), formerly Illinois Railnet, is a shortline railroad operating in Northern Illinois owned by OmniTRAX. It operates 113 miles (182 km) of former BNSF trackage. It was created in 1997 and operates four lines in Northern Illinois.

OmniTRAX
OmniTRAX, Inc. is a transportation and transportation infrastructure holding company based in Denver, Colorado, in the United States. It primarily owns or operates railroads, with a network of over 30 regional and shortline railroads in 18 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. It is one of the largest privately owned railroad companies in the United States. The firm also invests in, develops, and operates ports, multimodal transportation terminals, and industrial parks.
Splitrock (Austin, Texas)
Splitrock is a house in Austin, Texas, built in 1893 by a Scottish immigrant named Robert F Burns. Located at 2815 Wooldridge Dr. (30.298753, -97.750397) on bluffs overlooking Shoal Creek, the house was one of the first in the central Austin area which is now occupied by the Pemberton Heights and Bryker Woods neighborhoods. The name Splitrock is derived from a topographic feature (an extremely large rock split in half) and swimming hole located approximately 300 feet (91 m) south east of the house. In 2006 Splitrock was designated as a City of Austin Historic Landmark. The house also referred to as the “Burns-Klein” house is a contributing property to the Old West Austin National Register Historic District.

Old West Austin Historic District
The Old West Austin Historic District is a residential community in Austin, Texas, United States. It is composed of three neighborhoods located on a plateau just west of downtown Austin: Old Enfield, Pemberton Heights, and Bryker Woods. Developed between 1886 and 1953, the three historic neighborhoods stretch from Mopac Expressway east to Lamar Boulevard, and from 13th Street north to 35th Street. It borders Clarksville Historic District and the West Line Historic District to the south.

The streetcar had propelled Austin's earlier local suburban development, but Enfield, Pemberton Heights, and Bryker Woods were the city's first automobile suburbs. As a well-preserved collection of early-to-mid-20th century residences, the historic district evokes the measured spread of suburban development that paralleled the city's steady growth. The three neighborhoods that together form Old West Austin were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
Iris perrieri
Iris perrieri is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Savoy Alps in southern France and recently in Italy. It has green, deeply ribbed, sickle shaped leaves, a slender stem with a branch (from the middle), 1–3 scented flowers that are violet or purple, with a white or pale blue beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to  its rarity in the wild. It was once thought to be a form of Iris aphylla, before cell (chromosome) analysis determined it to be a separate species.

Iris aphylla
Iris aphylla (also known as leafless iris, table iris or stool iris) is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Asia to Europe. It is found in Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Albania, Former Yugoslavia, Italy, Romania and France. It has dark green or bright green, sword-shaped, long grass-like leaves, that die/fade away in the winter. It also has a slender stem, with several branches and green and purplish spathes. It has 3–5 large flowers, in shades of bright purple, purple, violet, dark blue, blue-violet and dark violet, which bloom between spring and early summer. Occasionally, they re-bloom in the autumn, before the seed capsule is formed. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There is one known subspecies Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica (Waldst. & Kit.) Hegi.
Ikawa Line
The Ikawa Line (井川線, Ikawa-sen) is a railway line of the Ōigawa Railway. It runs from Senzu Station in Kawanehon, Shizuoka, the end station of the Ōigawa Main Line, and terminates at Ikawa Station in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka. The line has 61 tunnels and 51 bridges along its 25.5 kilometer length and includes the only rack-and-pinion railway section currently operating in Japan.

In September 2022, the Ōigawa Main Line suffered substantial damage from Tropical Storm Talas. Rail services between Kawane-Onsen Sasamado and Senzu Station were suspended until further notice. Steam locomotives were changed to only operate between Shin-Kanaya and Kawane-Onsen Sasamado. Ōigawa Railway advises customers intending to travel beyond Ieyama Station to the Ikawa Line, towards Senzu and the Sumata Gorge area, to transfer to Kawanehon Town's community buses at Ieyama Station, which provide connections to Senzu Station.

Ōigawa Railway
Ōigawa Railway (大井川鐵道, Ōigawa Tetsudō) is a private railway company in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, founded in 1925. The company is commonly known as Daitetsu (大鐵). The company was a subsidiary of the Meitetsu Group until 2015, when it was restructured and sold to Eclipse Hidaka, a food, hotel, and investment company headquartered in Hidaka, Hokkaido.
Jungsund
63°11′11″N 21°37′14″E﻿ / ﻿63.18641°N 21.62046°E﻿ / 63.18641; 21.62046
Jungsund is a village in Korsholm, Finland. North Jungsund has a population of 410, while that of South Jungsund is 175.
The village is located in the middle of Finland on the Westcoast.  The first known inhabitants, in the 14th century, were named in old documents in Sweden (Finland was the eastern part of Sweden for about 700 years until 1809 when it was lost in a war to Russia). The population in villages in this area has always spoken Swedish and even today about 90% still does.

Korsholm
Korsholm (Finland Swedish: [korsˈholm]; Finnish: Mustasaari) is a municipality in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. Korsholm is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Korsholm is approximately 20,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 111,000. It is the 55th most populous municipality in Finland.

The town of Vaasa was founded in Korsholm parish in 1606 and today the municipality completely surrounds the city. It is a coastal, mostly rural municipality, consisting of a rural landscape and a large, fractured archipelago. The administrative center is Smedsby, situated 3 km (2 mi) from Vaasa center along Finnish national road 8.

Korsholm is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 28% Finnish speakers, 68% Swedish speakers, and 4% speakers of other languages.
Katalonia
Katalonia (Greek: Καταλώνια) is a village and a community of the Katerini municipality in Greece. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Elafina, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 324 inhabitants in the village.

Elafina
Elafina (Greek: Ελαφίνα) is a former municipality in Pieria regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Katerini, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 160.690 km2. The population of the municipal unit was 3,553 in 2021. The seat of the municipality was in Palaio Keramidi.
Cotton Green
Cotton Green is a suburb of Mumbai, and a noted residential and commercial area east of Parel, in central Mumbai, 8 km north of Colaba. It is also the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway, which lies along the Harbour line, which is a part of the Central Railway.

There was an earlier Cotton Green in Colaba that is marked in old maps. That location is now part of Badhwar Park. Cotton was shipped from this location as recently as 1910.

Colaba
Colaba ([koˈlaːbaː]; or ISO: Kolābā) is a part of the city of Mumbai, India. It is one of the four peninsulas of Mumbai while the other three are Worli, Bandra and Malabar Hill. During the Portuguese rule in the 16th century, the island was known as Kolbhat. After the British took over the island in the late 17th century, it was known as Kolio.
2013 BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy
The 2013 BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and held in Bucharest, Romania, from 21 to 28 April 2013. It was the 21st edition of the BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy tournament, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2013 ATP World Tour. The total financial commitment by this tournament was €467,800.

It was an anniversary edition of the tournament, celebrating 40 years since Ilie Năstase became the first ever No. 1 player in the ATP rankings.

2013 ATP World Tour
The 2013 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2013 tennis season. The 2013 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2013 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which was organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Amygdala
The amygdala (/əˈmɪɡdələ/; pl.: amygdalae /əˈmɪɡdəli, -laɪ/ or amygdalas; also corpus amygdaloideum) is a paired  nuclear complex present in the cerebral hemispheres of vertebrates. It is considered part of the limbic system. In primates, it is located medially within the temporal lobes. It consists of many nuclei, each made up of further subnuclei. The subdivision most commonly made is into the basolateral, central, cortical, and medial nuclei together with the intercalated cell clusters. The amygdala has a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional responses (including fear, anxiety, and aggression). The amygdala was first identified and named by Karl Friedrich Burdach in 1822.

Olfactory system
The olfactory system is the sensory system used for the sense of smell (olfaction). Olfaction is one of the special senses directly associated with specific organs. Most mammals and reptiles have a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects airborne substances, while the accessory system senses fluid-phase stimuli.

The senses of smell and taste (gustatory system) are often referred to together as the chemosensory system, because they both give the brain information about the chemical composition of objects through a process called transduction.