hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Provinces of Italy
The provinces of Italy (Italian: province d'Italia) are the second-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, on an intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as "institutional bodies of second level".

There are currently 110 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 82 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 15 metropolitan cities, as well as the Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province).

Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions.

Province of Trieste
The province of Trieste (Italian: provincia di Trieste) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Trieste. It has a population of 227,792 in an area of 212 square kilometres (82 mi2). It has a coastal length of 48.1 kilometres (29.9 mi). Abolished in 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Trieste (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Trieste; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Trst; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Triest), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.

The province contains 6 municipalities (comuni). It is the smallest province in Italy by area, and its land area is much smaller than large Italian cities.
Chain boat navigation on the Main
Chain boat navigation on the Main was a special type of ship transport on the Main from 1886 to 1936. Along a chain laid in the river, chain boats pulled themselves upstream with several barges attached. The technology of chain shipping replaced the previous practice of towed shipping, in which the ships were pulled by horses.

As the canalisation project progressed upstream, the barrages required for this made chain towage more challenging, particularly due to the extended waiting times at the locks. This led to the emergence of a new competitor in the form of the propeller, which was made possible by the greater depth of the navigation channel. The use of diesel engines made the propeller a profitable option. The use of steam engines for the labour-intensive chain navigation became unprofitable, and this method was completely discontinued in 1936.

Main (river)
The Main (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪn] ⓘ) is the longest tributary of the Rhine, one of the major European rivers. It rises as the White Main in the Fichtel Mountains of northeastern Bavaria and flows west through central Germany for 525 kilometres (326 mi) to meet the Rhine below Rüsselsheim, Hesse. The cities of Mainz and Wiesbaden are close to the confluence.

The largest cities on the Main are Frankfurt am Main, Offenbach am Main and Würzburg. It is the longest river lying entirely in Germany (if the Weser-Werra are considered separate).
Turbanellidae
Turbanellidae is a family of worms belonging to the order Macrodasyida.

Genera:

Desmodasys Clausen, 1965

Dinodasys Remane, 1927

Marinellina Ruttner-Kolisko, 1955

Paraturbanella Remane, 1927

Prostobucantia Evans & Hummon, 1991

Prostobuccantia Evans & Hummon, 1991

Pseudoturbanella d'Hondt, 1968

Turbanella Schultze, 1853

Macrodasyida
Macrodasyida is an order of gastrotrichs. Members of this order are somewhat worm-like in form, and not more than 1 to 1.5 mm in length.

Macrodasyids are almost in entirely marine and live in the sediment in marine or brackish water, but four species (Marinellina flagellata, Redudasys fornerise, R. neotemperatus, and R. brasiliensis) have been discovered in freshwater. They can be distinguished from other gastrotrichs by the presence of two pores on either side of the pharynx, that allow excess water to be expelled during feeding. The body is dorsally flattened and there are tubular adhesive glands at both ends  and on the lateral surfaces. These animals are detritivores and are hermaphrodites.
Naval Aircraft Factory
39°53.501′0″N 75°10.232′0″W﻿ / ﻿39.89168°N 75.17053°W﻿ / 39.89168; -75.17053

The Naval Aircraft Factory (NAF) was established by the United States Navy in 1918 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was created to help solve aircraft supply issues which the Navy Department faced upon the entry of the U.S. into World War I. The United States Army’s requirements for an enormous quantity of airplanes created a decided lack of interest among aircraft manufacturers in the Navy's requirements for a comparatively small quantity of aircraft. The Navy Department concluded that it was necessary to build a Navy-owned aircraft factory in order to assure a part of its aircraft supply; to obtain cost data for the department’s guidance in its dealings with private manufacturers; and to have under its own control a factory capable of producing experimental designs.

Curtiss Model F
The Curtiss Models F made up a family of early flying boats developed in the United States in the years leading up to World War I. Widely produced, Model Fs saw service with the United States Navy under the designations C-2 through C-5, later reclassified to AB-2 through AB-5. Several examples were exported to Russia, and the type was built under license in Italy.
Hofsteniidae
Hofsteniidae is a family of acoels. This family contains seven species in three genera.

This worm ranges in size from 100 μm for embryos to 500 μm for adults, and exhibits "whole-body regeneration" capability, where entire body parts regenerate when removed from the body. They have a simple nervous system and a bowel sac with no way out.

Acoela
Acoela, or the acoels, is an order of small and simple invertebrates in the subphylum Xenacoela of phylum Xenacoelomorpha, a deep-branching bilaterian group of animals, which resemble flatworms. Historically, they were treated as an order of turbellarian flatworms. About 400 species are known, but probably many more are not yet described.

The etymology of "acoel" is from the Ancient Greek words ἀ (a), the alpha privative, expressing negation or absence, and κοιλία (koilía), meaning "cavity". This refers to the fact that acoels have a structure lacking a fluid-filled body cavity.
Luke Kirby (priest)
Luke Kirby (also Kirbie c. 1549 – 30 May 1582) was an English Catholic priest and martyr from the North of England, executed during the reign of Elizabeth I. He is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

English College, Rome
The Venerable English College (Italian: Venerabile Collegio Inglese), commonly referred to as the English College, is a Catholic seminary in Rome, Italy, for the training of priests for England and Wales. It was founded in 1579 by William Allen on the model of the English College, Douai.

The current Rector is the Rev. Stephen Wang from the Diocese of Westminster.
Poulter River
The Poulter River is a river of the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. The Poulter rises on the southern slopes of Mount Koeti in Arthur's Pass National Park, flowing predominantly southwest to reach the Waimakariri River 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Cass.

Arthur's Pass National Park
Arthur's Pass National Park is located in the South Island of New Zealand and covers 1,185 km2 of mostly mountainous terrain. Adjacent to it lies Craigieburn Forest Park. The park is administered by the Department of Conservation.
Flag of Luxembourg
The national flag of Luxembourg consists of three horizontal stripes,  watermelon red, white and light blue, and can be in 2:1 or 5:3 ratio. It was first used between 1845 and 1848 and officially adopted in 1993. It is informally called in the country: «Rout-Wäiss-Blo» ("Red-White-Blue").

Luxembourg had no flag until 1830, when patriots were urged to display the national colours. The flag was defined as a horizontal tricolour of red, white, and blue in 1848, but it was not officially adopted until 1993. The tricolour flag of Luxembourg is graphically almost identical to the flag of the Netherlands, except that it is longer and its light blue stripe and red stripe are a lighter shade.  The red, white, and light blue colours were derived from the coat of arms of the House of Luxembourg.

National flag
A national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a given nation. It is flown by the government of that nation, but can also be flown by its citizens. A national flag is typically designed with specific meanings for its colors and symbols, which may also be used separately from the flag as a symbol of the nation. The design of a national flag is sometimes altered after the occurrence of important historical events.
Sunda pied fantail
The Sunda pied fantail (Rhipidura javanica), also known as the Malaysian pied fantail, is a species of bird in the fantail family. It is locally referred to as murai gila, literally "crazy thrush" in the Malay language.  It was previously considered conspecific with the Philippine pied fantail.

Philippine pied fantail
The Philippine pied fantail (Rhipidura nigritorquis) is a medium-size species of bird in the family Rhipiduridae endemic to the Philippines.  It was formerly considered conspecific with the Malaysian pied fantail.
Anna Gould
Anna Gould (June 5, 1875 – November 30, 1961) was an American socialite and heiress as a daughter of financier Jay Gould. She was the last private owner of the historic Lyndhurst estate in Tarrytown, New York.

Jay Gould
Jay Gould (/ɡuːld/; May 27, 1836 – December 2, 1892) was an American railroad magnate and financial speculator who founded the Gould business dynasty. He is generally identified as one of the robber barons of the Gilded Age. His sharp and often unscrupulous business practices made him one of the wealthiest men of the late nineteenth century. Gould was an unpopular figure during his life and remains controversial.
Macdona, Texas
Macdona is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Bexar County, Texas, United States.  As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 559. Macdona lies along the Union Pacific rail line near Loop 1604 in southwest Bexar County. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Bexar County, Texas
29°27′N 98°31′W﻿ / ﻿29.45°N 98.52°W﻿ / 29.45; -98.52

Bexar County (/bɛər/ BAIR or /ˈbeɪər/ ⓘ BAY-ər; Spanish: Béxar [ˈbexaɾ]) is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in South Texas and its county seat is San Antonio.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,009,324, making it the state's fourth-most populous county.  Bexar County is included in the San Antonio–New Braunfels, TX metropolitan statistical area. It is the 16th-most populous county in the nation and the fourth-most populated in Texas. Bexar County has a large Hispanic population with a significant growing African American population. With a population that is 59.3% Hispanic as of 2020, it is Texas' most populous majority-Hispanic county and the third-largest such nationwide.
Barrytown, New York
Barrytown is a hamlet (and census-designated place) within the town of Red Hook in Dutchess County, New York, United States.  It is within the Hudson River Historic District, a National Historic Landmark, and contains four notable Hudson River Valley estates: Edgewater, Massena, Rokeby, and Sylvania.

William Backhouse Astor Sr.
William Backhouse Astor Sr. (September 19, 1792 – November 24, 1875) was an American business magnate who inherited most of his father John Jacob Astor's fortune. He worked as a partner in his father's successful export business. His massive investment in Manhattan real estate enabled major donations to the Astor Library in the East Village, which became the New York Public Library.
DTour
DTour (styled as DTOUR, pronounced "detour") is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment.

The channel was originally established by Canwest in 1997 as Prime, a cable companion to Global with a general entertainment format focusing on classic series and programming acquired from Global and CH. In 2006, the channel was re-branded as TVTropolis, carrying a similar format but with a focus on contemporary sitcoms and dramas from the 1980s and 1990s, as well as pop culture-themed programs.

Adopting its current branding in 2013, DTour largely drew its acquired programming from the U.S.-based Travel Channel, while also airing limited general-interest programing. In March 2025, the channel dropped Travel Channel programming and quietly retreated to a focus on contemporary dramas and sitcoms.

Discretionary service
A discretionary service is a Canadian specialty channel which, as defined by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, may be carried optionally by all subscription television providers. It replaces the previous category A, category B, category C (instead split into the categories of "mainstream sports" and "national news"), and premium classifications.

Discretionary services may air programming from any of the CRTC's defined categories, although no more than 10% of programming per month may be devoted to live professional sports. Discretionary services may be authorized to offer multiplex channels.
Kenmont Primary School
Kenmont Primary School (KPS) is a 3–11 mixed community primary school in Kensal Green, London, England. It was designed in 1883–84 by the architect Edward Robert Robson for the School Board for London and completed after 1894. It has been Grade II listed since 1984 and has been described as a "particularly impressive and well-preserved example of a Robson board school, remarkable for its unusual plan and dramatic, fortress-like composition".

Kensal Green
Kensal Green, also known as Kensal Rise, is an area in north-west London, and along with Kensal Town, it forms part of the northern section of North Kensington. It lies north of the canal in the London Borough of Brent, and also to the south, within Kensington and Chelsea. Kensal Green is located on the Harrow Road, about 4.4 miles (7.1 km) miles from Charing Cross.

To the west on Harrow Road lies Harlesden, while in the opposite direction are Maida Hill and Westbourne. Queens Park and Brondesbury are to the north-east, Willesden is to the north-west, and Notting Hill lies to the south.

Kensal Green is best known for the Grade I listed Kensal Green Cemetery.
Bjørnemyr
Bjørnemyr is a Norwegian village located on the west coast of the municipality of Nesodden. The Bjørnemyr Centre contains a grocery store, a hairdresser and spa, and a doctor's office. Recently a small mall was built not far from the Bjørnemyr Centre, which included a grocery store, a small café, a health store, and cutlery. The Sunnaas Hospital lies near Bjørnemyr. Bjørnemyr has an elementary school and a kindergarten situated right next to each other. 
Bjørnemyr Elementary School has a section for both physically and mentally challenged children.

Nesodden
Nesodden is a municipality in Akershus in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the Greater Oslo Region and many residents of the peninsula Nesodden commute to work in Oslo.

It is part of the traditional region of Follo.  The administrative centre of the municipality is Nesoddtangen.  The parish of Næsodden was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt.
2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment
The 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment (French: 2e Régiment étranger de parachutistes, 2e REP) is the only airborne regiment of the Foreign Legion in the French Army. It is one of the four infantry regiments of the 11th Parachute Brigade and part of the spearhead of the French rapid reaction force.

Since the regiment's arrival from Algeria in 1967, it has been stationed at Camp Raffalli near the town of Calvi on the island of Corsica, south of mainland France. The regiment is also equipped with Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé.

Battle of Kolwezi
The Battle of Kolwezi (French: Bataille de Kolwezi) was an airborne operation by French and Belgian airborne forces that took place in May 1978 in Zaire during the Shaba II invasion of Zaire by the Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FLNC). It aimed at rescuing European and Zairean hostages held by FLNC rebels after they conquered the city of Kolwezi. The operation succeeded with the liberation of the hostages and light military casualties.
Elliott C. Cowdin
Elliott Christopher Cowdin (March 3, 1886 - January 6, 1933) was a member of the Lafayette Escadrille who downed three German planes.

He was born in Queens, New York City to John Elliot Cowdin and Gertrude Cheever. He died on January 6, 1933, in Palm Beach, Florida.

Lafayette Escadrille
The La Fayette Escadrille (French: Escadrille de La Fayette) was  the name of the French Air Force unit escadrille N 124 during the First World War (1914–1918). This escadrille of the Aéronautique Militaire was composed largely of American volunteer pilots flying fighters. It was named in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, French hero of the American Revolutionary War. In September 1917, the escadrille was transferred to the United States Army under the designation 103rd Aero Squadron. In 1921, the French Air Force recreated a N124 unit who claimed lineage from the war-time La Fayette escadrille and is now part of the escadron 2/4 La Fayette.
Namatius (bishop of Vienne)
Namatius (died 558/60) was the rector of Provence under the Merovingians and later bishop of Vienne from c. 552 until his death in office. He is probably identical to the person with the same name recorded among the attendants at the Council of Orange in 529.

Namatius' wife, Euphrasia, became a nun after his death. She was noted for her generosity to the poor.

Archdiocese of Vienne
The Archbishopric of Vienne, named after its episcopal seat in Vienne in the Isère département of Southern France, was a metropolitan Roman Catholic archdiocese. It is now part of the Archdiocese of Lyon.
Toroidal reflector
A toroidal mirror is a reflector whose surface is a section of a torus, defined by two radii of curvature. Such reflectors are easier to manufacture than mirrors with a surface described by a paraboloid or ellipsoid. They suffer from spherical aberration and  coma, but do not suffer from astigmatism like a spherical mirror when used in an off-axis geometry, provided the angle of incidence is matched to the design angle. Because they are easier to manufacture, they are much cheaper than ellipsoidal or paraboloidal mirrors for the same surface quality.

Toroidal mirrors are used in  Yolo telescopes and optical monochromators. In these devices, the source and detectors of the light are not located on the optical axis of the mirror, so the use of a true paraboloid of revolution would cause a distorted image.

Curved mirror
A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface. The surface may be either convex (bulging outward) or concave (recessed inward). Most curved mirrors have surfaces that are shaped like part of a sphere, but other shapes are sometimes used in optical devices. The most common non-spherical type are parabolic reflectors, found in optical devices such as reflecting telescopes that need to image distant objects, since spherical mirror systems, like spherical lenses, suffer from spherical aberration. Distorting mirrors are used for entertainment. They have convex and concave regions that produce deliberately distorted images. They also provide highly magnified or highly diminished (smaller) images when the object is placed at certain distances. Convex mirrors are often used for security and safety in shops and parking lots.
587 Hypsipyle
587 Hypsipyle, provisional designation 1906 TF, is a stony Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 February 1906, by Germany astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.

The asteroid was named after the Queen Hypsipyle from Greek mythology and is one of the principal members of the Phocaea family.: 23

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
Dudi Sela
David "Dudi" Sela (Hebrew: דודי סלע; born 4 April 1985) is an Israeli former professional tennis player. He reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 29 in July 2009.

Sela won the French Open 2003 junior doubles title. Representing Israel in the Davis Cup, his highlights include a win in 2007 over then-world No. 7 Fernando González, and being a key player in Israel's semifinal run in 2009. In 2008 he beat world No. 5 David Ferrer in straight sets, and in 2010 he beat world No. 7 Andy Roddick in straight sets. Sela reached the fourth round of the 2009 Wimbledon Championships and has finished runner-up in two ATP tournaments in Beijing and Atlanta. In 2015, he won his 24th career ATP Challenger event of his career, moving him into second place on the all-time list of Challenger title wins (behind Lu Yen-hsun).

Andrey Kuznetsov (tennis)
Andrey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Андре́й Алекса́ндрович Кузнецо́в, born 22 February 1991) is a Russian coach and a former professional tennis player. On 25 April 2016, he achieved his singles career-high of world No. 39.

Kuznetsov won the Boys' Singles title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships.
Azores–Gibraltar transform fault
The Azores–Gibraltar transform fault (AGFZ), also called a fault zone and a fracture zone, is a major seismic zone in the eastern Atlantic Ocean between the Azores and the Strait of Gibraltar. It is the product of the complex interaction between the African, Eurasian, and Iberian plates. Since the beginning of seismological records in the 1700s, the AGFZ has produced the following large-magnitude earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis: 1755 Lisbon, 1761 Lisbon, 1816 North Atlantic, 1941 Gloria Fault earthquake, 1969 Horseshoe and 1975.

African plate
The African plate, also known as the Nubian plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south. It also includes a narrow strip of Western Asia along the Mediterranean Sea, including much of Palestine and Lebanon.  It is bounded by the North American plate and South American plate to the west (separated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge); the Arabian plate and Somali plate to the east; the Eurasian plate, Aegean Sea plate and Anatolian plate to the north; and the Antarctic plate to the south.

Between 60 million years ago and 10 million years ago, the Somali plate began rifting from the African plate along the East African Rift. Since the continent of Africa consists of crust from both the African and the Somali plates, some literature refers to the African plate as the Nubian plate to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.
Broken Bridge, Chennai
Broken Bridge is a bridge to nowhere, located in Chennai. The single lane bridge spanning the Adyar estuary, was built in 1967, to facilitate the movement of people from Pattinapakkam to Besant Nagar's Elliot's Beach. In 1977, the bridge partly collapsed due to strong currents of the river and has never been repaired. The bridge is a popular spot for film shootings and has featured in films like Rickshawkaran, Vaalee, and Aaytha Ezhuthu.

Bridge to nowhere
A bridge to nowhere is a bridge where one or both ends are broken, incomplete, or unconnected to any roads. If it is an overpass or an interchange, the term overpass to nowhere or interchange to nowhere may be used respectively.