hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sarakatsani
The Sarakatsani (Greek: Σαρακατσάνοι), also called Karakachani (Bulgarian: каракачани), are an ethnic Greek population subgroup who were traditionally transhumant shepherds, native to Greece, with a smaller presence in neighbouring Bulgaria, southern Albania, and North Macedonia. Historically centred on the Pindus mountains and other mountain ranges in continental Greece, most Sarakatsani have abandoned the transhumant way of life and have been urbanised.

Euboea
Euboea (/juːˈbiːə/ yoo-BEE-ə; Ancient Greek: Εὔβοια, romanized: Eúboia, IPA: [ěu̯boi̯a]), also known as Evia (/ˈɛviə/ EV-ee-ə; Modern Greek: Εύβοια, IPA: [ˈevi.a]), is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete, and the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only 40 m (130 ft) at its narrowest point), the North Euboean Gulf, and the South Euboean Gulf. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about 180 km (110 mi) long, and varies in breadth from 50 km (31 mi) to 6 km (3.7 mi). Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboia in the lofty islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos.

It forms most of the regional unit of Euboea, which also includes Skyros and a small area of the Greek mainland.
Caudron G.4
The Caudron G.4 is a French biplane with twin engines, widely used during World War I as a bomber. It was designed by René and Gaston Caudron as an improvement over their single-engined Caudron G.3. The aircraft employed wing warping for banking. The first G.4 was built in 1915, and it was manufactured in France, England and Italy. It was the world's first twin-engine aircraft to be widely used, starting in March 1915.

The Caudron G.4 was used as a reconnaissance bomber against the German Empire. Later, when Germany developed a fighter force, the aircraft was used for night bombing.

The G.4 was in use in Belgium, France, Finland, Italy, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Imperial Russian Air Service
The Imperial Russian Air Service (Russian (pre-reform): Императорскій военно-воздушный флотъ, romanized: Imperatorskiy voyenno-vozdushnyy flot", lit. 'Emperor's Military Air Fleet') was an air force founded in 1912 for Imperial Russia. The Air Service operated for five years and only saw combat in World War I before being reorganized and renamed in 1917 following the Russian Revolution.

With the onset of the Russian Civil War, some former IRAS pilots joined Alexander Kolchak on the White Russian side, but the White movement never created an official air force. Most of what remained of the former Imperial Russian Air Service was reformed into the subsequent Soviet Air Forces.
The Burgess Boys
The Burgess Boys (2013) is the fourth book by the American author Elizabeth Strout. The novel was first published in hardback on March 26, 2013, through Random House. The story follows two brothers who must return home to help out their sister after her son is accused of a hate crime. The novel is set in the fictional New England town of Shirley Falls, the setting of Strout's first novel, Amy and Isabelle.

Amy and Isabelle
Amy and Isabelle, also stylized as Amy & Isabelle, is the 1998 debut novel by the American author Elizabeth Strout. The novel was first published in hardback on December 29, 1998 through Random House and is set in the fictional town of Shirley Falls, a location that Strout would revisit in her 2013 novel The Burgess Boys. Strout would also revisit the character of Isabelle in her 2019 short story cycle Olive, Again.

The novel follows the close relationship between Isabelle and her teenage daughter Amy, and how their relationship becomes strained after Amy is groomed by her much older math teacher.

The novel was adapted into a 2001 television movie of the same name as part of the "Oprah Winfrey Presents" line of films.
Slovene Lands
The Slovene lands or Slovenian lands (Slovene: Slovenske dežele or in short Slovensko) is the historical denomination for the territories in Central and Southern Europe where people primarily spoke Slovene. The Slovene lands were part of the Illyrian provinces, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary (in Cisleithania). They encompassed Carniola, southern part of Carinthia, southern part of Styria, Istria, Gorizia and Gradisca, Trieste, and Prekmurje. Their territory more or less corresponds to modern Slovenia and the adjacent territories in Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia, where autochthonous Slovene minorities live. The areas surrounding present-day Slovenia were never homogeneously ethnically Slovene.

Hungarian Slovenes
Hungarian Slovenes (Slovene: Madžarski Slovenci, Hungarian: Magyarországi szlovének) are an autochthonous ethnic and linguistic Slovene minority living in Hungary. The largest groups are the Rába Slovenes (Slovene: porabski Slovenci, dialectically: vogrski Slovenci, bákerski Slovenci, porábski Slovenci) in the Rába Valley in Hungary between the town of Szentgotthárd and the borders with Slovenia and Austria. They speak the Prekmurje Slovene dialect. Outside the Rába Valley, Slovenes mainly live in the Szombathely region and in Budapest.
Move It
"Move It" is a song written by Ian Samwell and recorded by Cliff Richard and the Drifters (the English band that would later become the Shadows). Originally intended as the B-side to "Schoolboy Crush", it was released as Richard's debut single on 29 August 1958 and became his first hit record, reaching the top five in the UK. It is often described as Britain's first authentic rock and roll song, and credited with being one of the first authentic rock and roll songs produced outside the United States.

Two's Company (Cliff Richard album)
Two's Company: The Duets is a 2006 album by Cliff Richard. It is a part-compilation and part-studio album of duets. The guests include Elton John, Barry Gibb, Dionne Warwick, Olivia Newton-John, Lulu, Brian May and Hank Marvin.

In the UK, the album reached number 8 in the UK Albums Chart and was certified Gold. The album has sold over 320,000 copies worldwide. The album features a reworking of "Move It", with Brian May of Queen on guitar. When released as a double A-Side single with "21st Century Christmas", the song reached number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. A digital only single of "Yesterday Once More", a cover of the Carpenters song, was recorded with Daniel O'Donnell and released earlier in November. The album also features a posthumous duet featuring vocals of Matt Monro.
Haqqani Anjuman
Haqqani Anjuman (Hindi: हक़्क़ानी अंजुमन; Bengali: হাক্কানী আঞ্জুমান; Urdu: حقانی انجمن; Tamil: ஹக்கானி அஞ்சுமான்; Telugu: హక్కాని అంజుమన్; Gujarati: હક્કાની અંજુમન; Russian: Хаккани Анджуман; Chinese: 哈卡尼安朱曼; Kannada: ಹಕ್ಕಾನಿ ಅಂಜುಮನ್; Malayalam: ഹഖാനി അൻജുമൻ) is an Islamic Sufi non-governmental organisation that serves the regions of Bangladesh and India. The organisation was established in 1876 by Maulana Sufi Mufti Azangachhi Shaheb, and has its head office in Bagmari, Kolkata, in the state of West Bengal, India.

The organisation is influenced by Sufism and is associated with social work. The literal meaning of Haqqani Anjuman is the organization of truth.

Azangachhi Shaheb
Sufi Mufti Azangachi Saheb (Bengali: আজানগাছী সাহেব, Arabic: اذانگاچھی صاحب; 1828 – 19 December 1932) was a Bengali Sufi saint who founded the Haqqani Anjuman, a non-governmental Sufi organisation. Haqqani Anjuman established by "Hazrat Maulana" Sufi Mufti Azangachi is a non profit sufi organization. Sufi Azangachi established this darbar by claiming the Muslims of this world are mislead by current ulema and muftis about the true Islam. Haqqani Anjuman of Sufi Azangachi upholds the true spirit of Islam by preaching the exact "teachings of Allah" which Prophet Muhammad preached.
Instruments used in general surgery
There are many different surgical specialties, some of which require specific kinds of surgical instruments to perform.

General surgery is a specialty focused on the abdomen; the thyroid gland; diseases involving skin, breasts, and various soft tissues; trauma; peripheral vascular disease; hernias; and endoscopic procedures.

Instruments can be classified in many ways, but, broadly speaking, there are five kinds of instruments.

Cutting and dissecting instruments

Grasping or holding instruments

Hemostatic instruments

Retractors

Tissue unifying instruments and materials

Instruments used in surgery are:

Surgical instrument
A surgical instrument is a medical device used during surgery to perform specific actions, such as cutting, modifying tissue, or providing access for viewing. Over time, a broad spectrum of tools has been developed—some for general surgical use, others tailored to specialized procedures.

Classification systems help surgeons understand an instrument's function and appropriate usage. Innovation continues to drive the development of more precise, safer, and more effective instruments for modern surgery.
Tanimbar monitor
The Tanimbar monitor (Varanus tanimbar) is a species of monitor lizard native to the Tanimbar archipelago of Maluku, Indonesia. It was first described in 2023 using specimens that were preserved at the Western Australian Museum. Another species of Varanus, the Louisiade monitor, was described in the same study.

Monitor lizard
Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus Varanus, the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the southern United States as an invasive species.  About 94 species are recognized.

Monitor lizards have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. The adult length of extant species ranges from 20 cm (7.9 in) in some species such as Varanus sparnus, to over 3 m (10 ft) in the case of the Komodo dragon, though the extinct megalania (Varanus priscus) may have reached lengths of more than 7 m (23 ft). Most monitor species are terrestrial, but many are also arboreal or semiaquatic. While most monitor lizards are carnivorous, eating smaller reptiles, fish, birds, insects, small mammals, and eggs, a few species also eat fruit and vegetation.
G-Lader
The G-Lader is a scroll-type supercharger used in various Volkswagen Passenger Cars models.  Its purpose is to increase the motive power output from the internal combustion engine attainable with a given engine displacement.  Since it is not enough to simply inject more fuel, as this produces too rich an air-fuel mixture, more intake air has to be added at the same time.  This can be achieved with an exhaust-driven turbocharger, or a crankshaft-driven positive displacement compressor.  The G-Lader is in the compressor category, since it is crankshaft-driven and does not have the "lag" usually associated with turbocharged engines.

Volkswagen Golf Mk2
The Volkswagen Golf Mk2 is a hatchback, the second generation of the Volkswagen Golf and the successor to the Volkswagen Golf Mk1. It was Volkswagen's highest volume seller from 1983 and ended in (German) production in late 1992, to be replaced by the Volkswagen Golf Mk3. The Mk2 was larger than the Mk1; its wheelbase grew slightly (+ 75 mm (3.0 in)), as did exterior dimensions (length + 180 mm (7.1 in), width + 55 mm (2.2 in), height + 5 mm (0.2 in)). Weight was up accordingly by about 120 kg (260 lb). Exterior design, developed in-house by VW design director Schäfer, kept the general lines of its Giugiaro-designed predecessor, but was slightly more rounded. All told, about 6.3 million second-generation Golfs were built.
Balgitzin
Balgitzin (Greek: Βαλγίτζιν Valgítzin; died 704), in the account of Theophanes the Confessor, was the Khazar tudun of Phanagoria during the sojourn of Justinian II in that town. He was dispatched, along with Papatzys, by Busir Khagan to kill Justinian in 704, after Busir was bribed by Tiberius III. Justinian's Khazar wife Theodora warned him in advance and Justinian escaped by sea, but not before murdering both Papatzys and Balgitzin.

Some scholars, notably Peter B. Golden, have speculated that Balgitzin is not a proper name but rather a title, identical with Baliqchi. Vladimir Minorsky proposes that Balgitzin translates as "the fisherman".

Justinian II
Justinian II (Greek: Ἰουστινιανός, romanized: Ioustinianós; Latin: Iustinianus; 668/69 – 4 November 711), nicknamed "the Slit-Nosed" (Greek: ὁ Ῥινότμητος, romanized: ho Rhīnótmētos), was the last Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Like his namesake, Justinian I, Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Roman Empire to its former glories. However, he responded brutally to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father, Constantine IV.  Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, resulting in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising. He only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgarian army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and in 711 he was killed by mutinous soldiers.
Universiti LRT station
The Universiti station is a light rapid transit (LRT) elevated station in Kerinchi, Kuala Lumpur, served by the Kelana Jaya Line.

The station is planned as a future interchange with the upcoming MRT Circle Line of the KVMRT project.

Kelana Jaya Line
The LRT Kelana Jaya Line is a light rapid transit (LRT) line and the first fully automated and driverless rail system in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. It forms part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System in and around Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Servicing 37 stations, the line has 46.4 km (28.8 mi) of grade-separated tracks running mostly on underground and elevated guideways. Formerly known as the PUTRA-LRT, it is operated as part of the Rapid KL system by Rapid Rail, a subsidiary of Prasarana Malaysia. The line is named after its former terminus, the Kelana Jaya. The line is numbered 5 and coloured ruby on official transit maps.
George Poteet
George Poteet (February 22, 1948 – July 16, 2024) was an American Memphis-based land speed racer and winner of the 1996 Ridler Award.

Poteet's 1937 Ford roadster (built by Don Pilkenton) won the 1996 Ridler Award.  This car would go on to take "America's Most Beautiful Roadster", top prize at the Oakland Roadster Show.

In 2011, Poteet drove Speed Demon (built by Ron Main) to 426 mph (686 km/h) at Bonneville, and eventually
broke both the C/BFS and D/BFS (supercharged fuel streamliner) records. After making "the fastest piston engine pass ever", Speed Demon was displayed at the 2018 Detroit Autorama.

Land speed racing
Land speed racing is a form of motorsport.

Land speed racing is best known for the efforts to break the absolute land speed record, but it is not limited to specialist vehicles.

A record is defined as the speed over a course of fixed length, averaged over two runs (commonly called "passes"). Under current FIA rules, two runs are required in opposite directions within one hour, over a timed mile and a new record mark must exceed the previous one by at least one percent to be validated. Records are set in either the flying kilometre or flying mile. Motorcycle land speed racing requires 2 passes the same calendar day in opposite directions over a timed mile/km for AMA National Land Speed Records while FIM Land Speed World Records require two passes in opposite directions to be over a timed mile/km completed within 2 hours.
Pantovčak
Pantovčak (pronounced [pantɔʋˈtʃaːk]) is a neighborhood in Zagreb, Croatia. Its formal location is the Gornji Grad - Medveščak city district. The Pantovčak street runs from the Britanski trg (British Square) near Ilica towards Medvednica, ending at Šestinski vijenac (Šestine roundabout). The neighbourhood is officially referred to as "Dr. Stjepan Radić" and it has a population of 4,957 (2011).

Pantovčak is best known as the location of the Croatian Presidential Palace and the adjacent park, located at Pantovčak 241. In Croatian, "Pantovčak" is often used as a metonym for the office of the President of Croatia.

British Square (Zagreb)
British Square (Croatian: Britanski trg), colloquially known as Britanac (lit. 'the Brit'), is a public square in the city of Zagreb, Croatia. It is one of the few remaining squares to include an open-air farmers' marketplace with fresh fruit, vegetables and other foods brought directly from farms, and is a revered urban area among the population of Zagreb. Britanski trg is located along Ilica Street, a few blocks west from the main city square, Ban Jelačić Square. It is also a transport hub—it is an endpoint for several bus lines, while the city tram lines 1, 6 and 11 stop on its south side. The square itself is convenient for access to several elite upscale neighborhoods of Zagreb, such as Pantovčak and Zelengaj. The open air market is held daily from early morning until about noon, and an antiques fair is held at the square each Sunday.
Chloramination
Chloramination is the treatment of drinking water with a chloramine disinfectant. Both chlorine and small amounts of ammonia are added to the water one at a time which react together to form chloramine (also called combined chlorine), a long lasting disinfectant. Chloramine disinfection is used in both small and large water treatment plants.

Monochloramine
Monochloramine, often called chloramine, is the chemical compound with the formula NH2Cl. Together with dichloramine (NHCl2) and nitrogen trichloride (NCl3), it is one of the three chloramines of ammonia. It is a colorless liquid at its melting point of −66 °C (−87 °F), but it is usually handled as a dilute aqueous solution, in which form it is sometimes used as a disinfectant. Chloramine is too unstable to have its boiling point measured.
Labrador City
Labrador City is a town in western Labrador (part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador), near the Quebec border. With a population of 7,412 as of 2021, it is the second-largest population centre in Labrador, behind Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Neighbouring Labrador City is Wabush, a smaller town with a population of approximately 1,964 as of 2021. Together, the "twin towns" are known as Labrador West.

In the 1960s, Labrador City was founded to accommodate employees of the Iron Ore Company of Canada; iron ore mining continues to be the primary industry in the town.

The Labrador City town motto is Kamistiatusset, a Naskapi word meaning "land of the hard-working people."  The Labrador City town crest is that of a snowy owl holding a scroll atop a black spade on a mound of red earth. The symbol represents iron ore mining. The spade is flanked by two caribou. Both snowy owls and caribou are native to the Labrador City area.

Happy Valley-Goose Bay
Happy Valley-Goose Bay (Inuit: Vâli) is a town in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Located in central Labrador on the coast of Lake Melville and the Churchill River, Happy Valley-Goose Bay is the largest population centre in the region with an estimated 8,040 residents in 2021.

Incorporated in 1973, it comprises the former town of Happy Valley and the Local Improvement District of Goose Bay. Built on a large sandy plateau in 1941, the town is home to the largest military air base in northeastern North America, CFB Goose Bay.
Świętokrzyski National Park
Świętokrzyski National Park (Polish: Świętokrzyski Park Narodowy) is a National Park in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in central Poland. It covers the highest ridge of the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mountains – the Łysogory – with its two highest peaks: Łysica at 612 metres (2,008 ft) and Łysa Góra ("Bald Mountain") at 595 m (1,952 ft). It also covers the eastern part of the Klonowski Ridge and part of the Pokrzywianski Ridge. The park has its headquarters in Bodzentyn.

National Parks of Poland
There are 23 national parks in Poland. These were formerly run by the Polish Board of National Parks (Polish: Krajowy Zarząd Parków Narodowych), but in 2004 responsibility for their management was transferred to what is now the Ministry of Climate and the Environment. Most national parks are divided into strictly and partially protected zones. They currently encompass around 186000 hectares of forest, or around 2% of all the country's woodlands.

Polish national parks have carried out numerous research programs and they play an important role in the ecological education. The national parks can be visited as they provide a well-developed tourism infrastructure, though visitors typically need to keep to designated areas such as trails. Many parks furthermore offer thematic trails, educational centres and natural history museums.
Peter Heine Nielsen
Peter Heine Nielsen (born 24 May 1973) is a Danish chess trainer and player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1994.  He has won a record nine consecutive World Chess Championship titles as a coach, working with Viswanathan Anand in 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2012; then with Magnus Carlsen in 2013, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2021.

Danish Chess Championship
The Danish Chess Championship was organised by the Danish Chess Union (DSU) and first held in 1910. A masterclass was first introduced in 1915. But it is only from 1922 that the title of Danish chess champion was introduced, this was the first year also players from Copenhagen joined.
Campbell County, Wyoming
Campbell County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 47,026, making it the third-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Gillette. Campbell County comprises the Gillette, WY Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Weston County, Wyoming
Weston County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 6,838. Its county seat is Newcastle. Its east boundary line abuts the western boundary of the state of South Dakota.
End-systolic volume
End-systolic volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction, or systole, and the beginning of filling, or diastole.

ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the cardiac cycle.
The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are afterload and the contractility of the heart.

Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).

In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.