hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operad
In mathematics, an operad is a structure that consists of abstract operations, each one having a fixed finite number of inputs (arguments) and one output, as well as a specification of how to compose these operations. Given an operad , one defines an algebra over  to be a set together with concrete operations on this set that behave just like the abstract operations of . For instance, there is a Lie operad  such that the algebras over  are precisely the Lie algebras; in a sense  abstractly encodes the operations that are common to all Lie algebras.  An operad is to its algebras as a group is to its group actions.

PROP (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a PROP is a symmetric strict monoidal category whose objects are the natural numbers n identified with the finite sets  and whose tensor product is given on objects by the addition on numbers. Because of “symmetric”, for each n, the symmetric group on n letters is given as a subgroup of the automorphism group of n. The name PROP is an abbreviation of "PROduct and Permutation category".

The notion was introduced by Frank Adams and Saunders Mac Lane; the topological version of it was later given by Michael Boardman and Rainer Vogt. 
Following them, J. P. May then introduced the term  “operad”, which is a particular kind of PROP, for the object that Boardman and Vogt called the "category of operators in standard form".

There are the following inclusions of full subcategories:

where the first category is the category of (symmetric) operads.
Saucery
A saucery was the office in a medieval household responsible for sauces, as well as the room in which the preparation of sauces took place. It was headed by a saucerer. The office was subordinated to the kitchen, and existed as a separate office only in larger households. It was closely connected with other offices of the kitchen, such as the spicery and the scullery. The term is largely obsolete today.

Spicery
A spicery was the office in a medieval or Renaissance household responsible for spices, as well as the room in which the spices were kept. It was headed by a spicerer. The office was subordinated to the kitchen or the wardrobe, and existed as a separate office only in larger households. It was closely connected with other offices of the kitchen, such as the saucery and the scullery. The term is largely obsolete today, and if used at all is more often simply a synonym for spices.
Roquefort-sur-Soulzon
Roquefort-sur-Soulzon (French pronunciation: [ʁɔkfɔʁ syʁ sulzɔ̃]; Occitan: Ròcafòrt, [rɔkaˈfɔɾt]) is a commune in the Aveyron department, in the region of Occitania, southern France.

Roquefort is located on the Causse du Larzac and is famous for its ewe derived products including milk, wool, and meat. Much of the activity in the commune centres on the production and distribution of Roquefort cheese. To be legally termed Roquefort cheese, it must follow the rules laid down by the federal standards of the Appellation d’Origine. According to archaeologists, the cheese making process in the specific caves dates back to 900 C.E.

A visitor centre illustrates the process of making Roquefort cheese and offers guests a chance to sample and purchase the product. Visitors can also visit the Cambalou caves which are 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and 300 metres (980 ft) wide in which the cheeses are aged before they are ready to be sold.

Aveyron
Aveyron (French: [avɛʁɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Avairon [aβajˈɾu]) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southern France. It was named after the river Aveyron. Its inhabitants are known as Aveyronnais (masculine) or Aveyronnaises (feminine) in French. The inhabitants of Aveyron's prefecture, Rodez, are called Ruthénois, based upon the first settlers in the area, the Ruteni. With an area of 8,735 square kilometres (3,373 sq mi) and a population of 279,595, Aveyron is a largely rural department with a population density of 32 people/km2 (83 people/mi2).
WLXE
WLXE is a radio station broadcasting on 1600 kHz in the medium wave AM band. Its studios and transmitters are located in Rockville, Maryland, and it serves the Washington metropolitan area. WLXE broadcasts music programming in the Spanish language. Its transmitter and antenna array are located off Hungerford Drive (Maryland Route 355), near the northern border of the city of Rockville. WLXE is under ownership of Multicultural Broadcasting.

Multicultural Broadcasting
Multicultural Broadcasting is a media company based in New York City founded by Chinese-American businessman Arthur Liu.  It caters mostly to the Asian American community and owns television and radio stations in several of the top markets in multiple languages.

The company was founded as Multicultural Radio Broadcasting Inc. (MRBI) in 1982 with an initial business in United States radio broadcasting industry. To this day, it remains the largest Asian American owned media group in the U.S.
Ngarrkic languages
The Ngarrkic (Ngarrga) or Yapa languages are a small language family of Central Australia, consisting of the two closely related languages Warlmanpa and the more populous Warlpiri.

The family was named after the common word for initiated man in the member languages, ngarrka (Aboriginal pronunciation: [ˈŋarɡa]). Ngarrga is an older spelling. In about 2000 an alternate name was suggested, yapa, based on the word for aboriginal man in the two languages.

In 2004 it was demonstrated that Ngarrkic is related to the neighbouring Ngumpin languages.

Ngumbin languages
Ngumpin languages are a small language family of Australia, consisting of (from west to east):

Walmajarri

Djaru

Gurindji (Gurindji proper, Bilinarra, Wanyjirra, Malngin, Ngarinyman)

Mudburra

In 2004 it was demonstrated that Ngumpin is related to the neighbouring Ngarrkic languages.
Empire, Nevada
Empire is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States, with a population estimated at 65 (2021). Prior to the 2010 census it was part of the Gerlach–Empire census-designated place, it is now part of the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. The nearest town, Nixon, is 60 miles (97 km) to the south on a reservation owned by the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe.

For 63 years, from 1948 to 2011, Empire was a company town of the US Gypsum Corporation, a manufacturer of gypsum-based construction sheetrock, and once had a population of more than 750 people. US Gypsum closed the mine and the town in 2011; the mine and town were bought in 2016 by the Empire Mining Company (EMC), a manufacturer of gypsum based agricultural and construction additives. In 2016, the town again became a company town under the new auspices of EMC. Since that date both the town and the mine have been partially reopened by the new owners.

Washoe County, Nevada
Washoe County (/ˈwɒʃoʊ/) is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 486,492, making it Nevada's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County is included in the Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Washoe County landing ship tank was named after this county.
Union Church, Hong Kong
Union Church (Chinese: 香港佑寧堂) is an English-speaking, interdenominational church in Hong Kong, which was established in 1844. The latest Union Church building was the 4th generation building. It was located at No. 22A Kennedy Road, Mid-Levels, up the hill from Central and Admiralty, and next to where the Peak Tram bridge intersects with Kennedy Road. Demolition work started in 2017 and a residential building including a church at its base is to be built at the same location.

Central, Hong Kong
Central (Chinese: 中環), also known as Central District, is the central business district of Hong Kong. It is located in the northeastern corner of the Central and Western District, on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, across Victoria Harbour from Tsim Sha Tsui, the southernmost point of Kowloon Peninsula. The area was the heart of Victoria City, although that name is rarely used anymore.

As the central business district of Hong Kong, it is the area where many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters. Consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as is Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters until 2011. The area, with its proximity to Victoria Harbour, has served as the centre of trade and financial activities from the earliest days of the British colonial era in 1841, and continues to flourish and serve as the place of administration since the handover to China in 1997.
South Park High School (Beaumont, Texas)
South Park High School was a senior high school in the South Park neighborhood of Beaumont, Texas, originally in the South Park Independent School District. In 1986 it was merged into West Brook Senior High School and the building became South Park Middle School.

Beaumont Independent School District
Beaumont Independent School District is a U.S. public school district serving Beaumont in Southeast Texas. The district originated in the annexation of the former Beaumont ISD by the South Park Independent School District after its trustees voted in 1983 to dissolve it as the culmination of a struggle over desegregation of both districts. The original Beaumont ISD had previously absorbed the smaller French ISD.

As of May 2025, the district operates 14 elementary schools, 4 middle schools, 3 high schools, a Headstart center, and 3 other specialized and alternative learning centers. Since April 2014, it has been under direct state control, with a superintendent and board of managers appointed by the Texas Education Agency.
René Letelier
René Letelier Martner   (1915–2006) was a Chilean chess player with the title of International Master. His finest international tournament win was in 1954, when he took the UNESCO tournament in Montevideo as clear first ahead of joint Ossip Bernstein and Miguel Najdorf, beating both in their individual game.

Ossip Bernstein
Ossip Samoilovich Bernstein (20 September 1882 – 30 November 1962) was a French chess player and businessman. He was one of the inaugural recipients of the title International Grandmaster from FIDE in 1950.
Units Podem Més
Units Podem Més (English: "United We Can–More") was an electoral coalition formed by Podemos, United Left of the Balearic Islands and Més per Mallorca in May 2016 to contest the 2016 Spanish general election in the Balearic Islands.

Més per Mallorca
Més per Mallorca (English: More for Majorca, MÉS) is a Majorcan political party and coalition formed by the Socialist Party of Majorca (PSM), IniciativaVerds (IV) and Entesa per Mallorca (ExM), as well as other small local parties around the island. It was established in 2010 by the PSM, Left Initiative (Iniciativa) and The Greens (EV) under the name PSM–Iniciativa–Verds. After the merger of Iniciativa and EV into IV in 2010, and with the incorporation of ExM in 2011, it was renamed as PSM–IniciativaVerds–Entesa. In 2013, the current name was adopted.
Service-orientation
Service-orientation is a design paradigm for computer software in the form of  services. The principles of service-oriented design stress the separation of concerns in the software. Applying service-orientation results in units of software partitioned into discrete, autonomous, and network-accessible units, each designed to solve an individual concern. These units qualify as services.

Service (systems architecture)
In the contexts of software architecture, service-orientation and service-oriented architecture, the term service refers to a software functionality, or a set of software functionalities (such as the retrieval of specified information or the execution of a set of operations) with a purpose that different  clients can reuse for different purposes, together with the policies that should control its usage (based on the identity of the client requesting the service, for example).

OASIS defines a service as "a mechanism to enable access to one or more capabilities, where the access is provided using a prescribed interface and is exercised consistent with constraints and policies as specified by the service description".
Rail transport in Japan
Rail transport in Japan is a major means of passenger transport, especially for mass and high-speed travel between major cities and for commuter transport in urban areas. It is used relatively little for freight transport, accounting for just 0.84% of goods movement. The privatized network is highly efficient, requiring few subsidies and running with extreme punctuality, though since privatization, several unprofitable but socially valuable lines have been closed by operators.

Iyotetsu
The Iyo Railway Co., Ltd. (伊予鉄道株式会社, Iyotetsudo kabushiki gaisha), commonly known as Iyotetsu, is the main transport provider in Matsuyama, Ehime, Shikoku, Japan. The company operates railway, tram, and bus lines, and also has many subsidiaries, which include a bank, department stores, travel agencies, and various other businesses.
Cotton Owens
Everett "Cotton" Owens (May 21, 1924 – June 7, 2012) was an American NASCAR driver. For five straight years (1957–61), Owens captured at least one Grand National Series win.  Owens was known as "the King of the Modifieds" for his successes in modified stock car racing in the 1950s.

Daytona Beach and Road Course
The Daytona Beach and Road Course was a motorsport race track that was instrumental in the formation of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR). It originally became famous as the location where 15 world land speed records were set.
Ziegenberg (Saxony-Anhalt)
The Ziegenberg is a low ridge between the villages of Benzingerode and Heimburg on the northern edge of the Harz Mountains in central Germany. The ridge is a designated nature reserve. The reserve has an area of 88.4 hectares and has a variety of habitats including mesophytic grassland (Halbtrockenrasen), bushes, pine woods and wet meadows. Its highest points are the eponymous Ziegenberg (315.7 metres above NN) and the Struvenberg (291 m)

Struvenburg
The Struvenburg was a medieval castle immediately east of Benzingerode, a village in the borough of Wernigerode in the district of Harz in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. Today only a few earthworks remain. Very little is known about this castle. The name may be derived from the adjective struf = scrubby or rough.
Watchman (mascot)
Watchman, a Staffordshire Bull Terrier, is a military mascot of the now disbanded Staffordshire Regiment. He continues his duties as part of the Staffordshire Regimental Association. The same name has been given to a succession of Staffordshire Bull Terriers – as of 2018, six.

Military mascot
A military mascot, also known as a ceremonial pet or regimental mascot, is a pet animal maintained by a military unit as a mascot for ceremonial purposes and/or as an emblem of that unit. It differs from a military animal in that it is not employed for use directly in warfare as a weapon or for transport.
Philippa of Coimbra
Infanta Philippa of Coimbra (1437–1497) was the second youngest child of Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra, and Isabella of Urgell, Duchess of Coimbra.

She joined the dominican convent of los Santos, where many daughters of the portuguese nobility were raised and educated, without taking the habits and being therefore allowed to get married. She moved later to the Convent of Odivelas, from where she took care of the goods and possessions of her father, during war times between 1466 and 1468. From her marriage with Joan Colom Bertran a son was born, Ferran Colom. Philippa of Coimbra died in 1497.

Peter, Duke of Coimbra
Dom Peter, Duke of Coimbra, KG (Portuguese: Pedro Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾu]; 9 December 1392 – 20 May 1449) was a Portuguese infante (prince) of the House of Aviz, son of King Dom John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt. In Portugal, he is known as Infante Dom Pedro das Sete Partidas [do Mundo], "of the Seven Parts [of the World]" because of his travels. Possibly the best-travelled prince of his time, he was regent between 1439 and 1448. He was also 1st Lord of Montemor-o-Velho, Aveiro, Tentúgal, Cernache, Pereira, Condeixa and Lousã.
Ophelia Cabral
Ophelia Cabral e D'Souza (born Clara Merciana Ophelia Cabral; 8 November 1938 – 19 February 2016), popularly known as Ophelia Cabral, was an Indian actress, singer, playwright, and director known for her work in Konkani films and tiatr productions. One of the multifaceted performers of her time, she is referred to as the "Tragedy Queen of the Konkani stage" and was known for her roles in Konkani films such as Amchem Noxib, Nirmon, Boglantt, Bhuierantlo Munis, and Faxi Mogachi.

C. Alvares
Celestino Santana Francisco Alvares (1 August 1920 – 27 February 1999), known professionally as C. Alvares, was an Indian actor, singer, playwright, and director known for his work in Konkani films and tiatr (musical theatre) productions. One of the greatest Konkani theatre performers, he was dubbed the "King of Duets." Alvares is also credited with introducing several women to the Konkani stage. He is a recipient of the Best Actor Award for his lead role in Nirmon.
Laminopathy
Laminopathies (lamino- + -pathy) are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the nuclear lamina.  Since the first reports of laminopathies in the late 1990s, increased research efforts have started to uncover the vital role of nuclear envelope proteins in cell and tissue integrity in animals. Laminopathies are a group of degenerative diseases, other disorders associated with inner nuclear membrane proteins are known as nuclear envelopathies.

Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause progressive impairment of muscles. EDMD affects muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), causing atrophy, weakness, and contractures. It almost always affects the heart, causing abnormal rhythms, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death. It is rare, affecting 0.39 per 100,000 (1 per 250,000) people. It is named after Alan Eglin H. Emery and Fritz E. Dreifuss.
Neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, the autonomous city and capital of Argentina, is composed of 48 neighbourhoods (locally known as barrios). Since 2008, the city is also legally divided into communes (comunas), each one including one or more barrios. Among the most visited and populated barrios are Palermo, Recoleta, Puerto Madero, Belgrano, San Telmo, La Boca, Monserrat and Caballito. Sectors of the city are also traditionally known as neighbourhoods by the inhabitants of Buenos Aires, but not officially by the authorities of the city; some examples are Barrio Chino, Barrio Norte and the Microcentro.

Caballito, Buenos Aires
Caballito (pronounced [kaβaˈʝito]; Spanish for "little horse") is a barrio (neighborhood) of the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires. It is the only barrio in the administrative division Comuna 6.

It is located in the geographical centre of the city, limited by the following streets and avenues: Rio de Janeiro, Av. Rivadavia, Av. La Plata, Av. Directorio, Curapaligüe, Av. Donato Álvarez, Av. Juan B. Justo, Av. San Martín, and Av. Ángel Gallardo.

The name is said to come from the horse-shaped (Spanish caballo) weather vane from a local pulpería (gauchos' bar); Caballito meaning "Little horse".
Charlotte Zolotow
Charlotte Zolotow (born Charlotte Gertrude Shapiro; June 26, 1915 – November 19, 2013) was an American writer, poet, editor, and publisher of many books for children. She wrote about 70 picture book texts.

The writers she edited include Paul Fleischman, Paul Zindel, Mary Rodgers, Robert Lipsyte, and Francesca Lia Block.

Ursula Nordstrom
Ursula Nordstrom (February 2, 1910 – October 11, 1988) was publisher and editor-in-chief of juvenile books at Harper & Row from 1940 to 1973. She is credited with presiding over a transformation in children's literature in which morality tales written for adult approval gave way to works that instead appealed to children's imaginations and emotions.

She also authored the 1960 children's book, The Secret Language. A collection of her correspondence was published in 1998 as Dear Genius: the Letters of Ursula Nordstrom.
Hay Wharf
Hay Wharf or Haywharf (Maltese: Xatt it-Tiben) is a naval base in Marsamxett Harbour, in Floriana, Malta. The wharf has been the main base of the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta since 1977, and a new facility was built between 2015 and 2016.

Floriana
Floriana (Maltese: Il-Furjana or Il-Floriana), also known by its title Borgo Vilhena, is a fortified town in the Port Region area of Malta, just outside the capital city Valletta. It has a population of 2,205 as of March 2014. Floriana is the birthplace of many famous Maltese, amongst which the composer of the national anthem, 'L-Innu Malti', Robert Samut; former Bishop of Malta Dun Mauro Caruana, the poets Oliver Friggieri and Maria Grech Ganado, the writer and politician Herbert Ganado and Swedish Idol winner Kevin Borg.
Joint Contracts Tribunal
The Joint Contracts Tribunal, also known as the JCT, produces standard forms of contract for construction, guidance notes and other standard documentation for use in the construction industry in the United Kingdom. From its establishment in 1931, JCT has expanded the number of contributing organisations. Following recommendations in the 1994 Latham Report, the current operational structure comprises seven members who approve and authorise publications. In 1998 the JCT became a limited company.

General contractor
A contractor (North American English) or builder (British English), is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.
New Town Central Park
New Town Central Park, or Hongqiao New Town Central Park, is a 130,000-square-meter park located at 2238 Yan'an Xi Lu (延安西路2238号) in the Changning District's Hongqiao Development Zone, in Shanghai, China.

Changning, Shanghai
Changning District (Chinese: 长宁区; pinyin: Chángníng Qū; ⓘ) is one of the seven administrative districts that make up the city centre of Shanghai, China. It has a land area of 37.19 km2 (14.36 sq mi) and had a population of 694,000 as of 2018. The district government is located at 1320 Yuyuan Rd.
WDCO-CD
WDCO-CD (channel 10) is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Woodstock, Virginia, United States, serving the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area with programming from the digital multicast network Roar. Owned and operated by Sinclair Broadcast Group, it is sister to ABC affiliate WJLA-TV (channel 7) and local cable channel WJLA 24/7 News. WDCO-CD's transmitter is located in Ward Circle in Washington's northwest quadrant.

Co-owned and co-located WIAV-CD (channel 58), licensed to Washington, relays WDCO-CD's Roar programming in the new ATSC 3.0 broadcasting standard.

WJLA 24/7 News
WJLA 24/7 News is an American regional cable news television channel in Washington, D.C., operated by ABC-affiliated station WJLA-TV (channel 7) owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group. The channel provides 24-hour news coverage primarily focused on Washington, northern Virginia, and suburban areas of Maryland within the Washington metropolitan area. The channel shares studio facilities and offices with WJLA-TV and the Rosslyn-based Circa News in Arlington, Virginia. WJLA 24/7 News reaches more than 1.2 million cable television households within the D.C metropolitan area.