hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh
The College of Science and Engineering is one of the three colleges of the University of Edinburgh.  With over 2,000 staff and around 9,000 students, it is one of the largest science and engineering groupings in the UK. The college is largely located at the King's Buildings campus and consists of the separate schools of:

School of Biological Sciences

School of Chemistry

School of Engineering

School of GeoSciences

School of Informatics

School of Mathematics

School of Physics and Astronomy

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh
The School of Physics and Astronomy is an academic department within the College of Science and Engineering at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.

The school was formed in 1993 by a merger of the Department of Physics and the Department of Astronomy, both at the University of Edinburgh. The Department of Physics itself was a merger between the Department of Natural Philosophy and the Department of Mathematical Physics in the late 1960s.
RAF Downham Market
Royal Air Force Downham Market, or more simply RAF Downham Market, was a Royal Air Force station in the west of the county of Norfolk, England, which operated during the second half of the Second World War.

No. 218 (Gold Coast) Squadron RAF
No. 218 Squadron RAF was a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It was also known as No 218 (Gold Coast) Squadron after the Governor of the Gold Coast (modern Ghana) and people of the Gold Coast officially adopted the squadron. The squadron was informally known in the UK as "Weston-super-Mare’s Own."
Lake Balinsasayao
Lake Balinsasayao is one of three crater lakes rising 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level located within the Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park, an 8,016.05-hectare (19,808.1-acre) protected area covering the municipalities of Valencia, Sibulan, and San Jose in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. The ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) is now listed The Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park among new parks to its network of topnotch nature reserves and natural parks in the Southeast Asian region in 2024.

Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park
Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park is a natural park in the Philippines surrounding Lake Balinsasayao and Lake Danao in the province of Negros Oriental, 14.5 kilometres (9.0 mi) west of Dumaguete. It covers an area of 8,016.05 hectares (19,808.1 acres), with heights ranging from 830 to 846 metres (2,723 to 2,776 ft). The park is located in the Mount Talinis range, also known as Cuernos de Negros, in the southern portion of Negros Island, and spans across the municipalities of Valencia, Sibulan and San Jose. It was declared a protected area in 2000. In 2024, the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) included the park in its network of topnotch nature reserves and natural parks in the Southeast Asian region. In 2025, the site was designated as an ASEAN Heritage Park.
Upper Willamette Transportation Line
The Upper Willamette Transportation Line was a line of four inland steamboats that operated from the fall of 1859 to the summer of 1860 on the upper Willamette River in the state of Oregon, United States.

Relief (sternwheeler 1858)
Relief was a stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the Willamette River from 1858 to 1865.  Relief ran for a short time on the route from Portland to Oregon City, Oregon.  After being bought out by the competition, Relief was lined around Willamette Falls to the upper Willamette, where it became the first steamboat to reach Springfield.  This vessel should not be confused with a later vessel, also named Relief, which operated on the Columbia and Lewis rivers from 1906 to 1931.
Real options valuation
Real options valuation, also often termed real options analysis, (ROV or ROA) applies option valuation techniques to capital budgeting decisions. A real option itself, is the right—but not the obligation—to undertake certain business initiatives, such as deferring, abandoning, expanding, staging, or contracting a capital investment project. For example, real options valuation could examine the opportunity to invest in the expansion of a firm's factory and the alternative option to sell the factory.
Real options are most valuable when uncertainty is high; management has significant flexibility to change the course of the project in a favorable direction and is willing to exercise the options.

Monte Carlo methods in finance
Monte Carlo methods are used in corporate finance and mathematical finance to value and analyze (complex) instruments, portfolios and investments by simulating the various sources of uncertainty affecting their value, and then determining the distribution of their value over the range of resultant outcomes. This is usually done by help of stochastic asset models. The advantage of Monte Carlo methods over other techniques increases as the dimensions (sources of uncertainty) of the problem increase.

Monte Carlo methods were first introduced to finance in 1964 by David B. Hertz through his Harvard Business Review article, discussing their application in Corporate Finance. In 1977, Phelim Boyle pioneered the use of simulation in derivative valuation in his seminal Journal of Financial Economics paper.

This article discusses typical financial problems in which Monte Carlo methods are used. It also touches on the use of so-called "quasi-random" methods such as the use of Sobol sequences.
Giv'at Olga
Giv'at Olga (Hebrew: גבעת אולגה, lit. 'Olga's Hill') is a suburb of the Israeli city of Hadera. Giv'at Olga is bordered on the west by the coastal strip of the Mediterranean Sea, on the east stretches Highway 2, the new Mall Hof Village, and the Hadera West train station. The northern border of the neighborhood is Hadera River Park, and its  southern border is Hasharon Park, Ein Hayam, another suburb of Hadera West, and the entrance to Tel Gador Nature Reservation and its beaches.

Hadera
Hadera (Hebrew: חדרה, pronounced [χadeˈʁa]) is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel, in the northern Sharon region, approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa. The city is located along 7 km (5 mi) of the Israeli coastal plain. The city's population includes a notable community of post-Soviet and Ethiopian aliyah arrivals. In 2023 it had a population of 106,765.

Hadera was established in 1891 as a farming colony by members of the Zionist group, Hovevei Zion, from Lithuania and Latvia. By 1948, it was a regional center with a population of 11,800. In 1952, Hadera was declared a city, with jurisdiction over an area of 53,000 dunams.
Veronica cinerea
Veronica cinerea, called the ash-coloured speedwell, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Veronica, native to Turkey and Lebanon/Syria. An evergreen, mat‑forming perennial useful as a ground cover, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Veronica (plant)
Veronica is the largest genus in the flowering plant family Plantaginaceae, with about 500 species. It was formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. Common names include speedwell, bird's eye, and gypsyweed.

Taxonomy for this genus was changed in the early 21st century, with the genus Hebe and the related Australasian genera Derwentia, Detzneria, Chionohebe, Heliohebe, Leonohebe and Parahebe now included. Monophyly of the genus is supported by nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cpDNA.

The taxa of the genus are herbaceous annuals or perennials, and also subshrubs, shrubs or small trees when Hebe is included. Most of the species are from the temperate Northern Hemisphere, though with some species from the Southern Hemisphere; Veronica sect. Hebe is mostly from New Zealand.
Skrova Lighthouse
Skrova Lighthouse (Norwegian: Skrova fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Vågan Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  It is located on a small skerry southwest of the island of Skrova which is in the Vestfjorden south of the island of Austvågøya.

Vågan Municipality
Vågan (Northern Sami: Vuogát) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Lofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Svolvær. Some of the villages in Vågan include Digermulen, Gimsøysand, Gravermarka, Henningsvær, Hopen, Kabelvåg, Kleppstad, Laupstad, Liland, Skrova, Straumnes, and Sydalen.

The 479-square-kilometre (185 sq mi) municipality is the 209th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vågan Municipality is the 117th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,793. The municipality's population density is 20.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (53/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Morrow County Courthouse (Oregon)
The Morrow County Courthouse is a building in Heppner in the U.S. state of Oregon. Built in 1902–03, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It was among the early commissions of architect Edgar M. Lazarus.

Built on the site of an earlier courthouse made of wood, the two-story building is made of locally quarried dark blue basalt and lighter trim stone from quarries near Elgin and Baker. Features include a hip roof, a central entrance pavilion, and a domed cupola with clock faces on three sides.

The courthouse site is elevated above much of the rest of the city, and this saved the building from severe flood damage in 1903. County officials had moved into the building in March; in June of the same year, much of Heppner was destroyed and 247 people killed by a flash flood on Willow Creek, which bisects the city.

Heppner, Oregon
Heppner is a city in and the county seat of Morrow County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,187, down from 1,291 in 2010. Heppner is part of the Pendleton-Hermiston Micropolitan Area. It is named after Henry Heppner, a prominent Jewish-American businessman.
Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers
The Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) is an American non-profit technical society for the tribology and lubrication engineering sectors worldwide. Its offices are in Park Ridge, Illinois.

Established in 1944 as the American Society of Lubrication Engineers (ASLE), the STLE is now one of the world's largest associations solely dedicated to the advancement of the field of tribology. The STLE currently has over 13,000 members.

An official STLE journal, Tribology Transactions, is published by Taylor and Francis and the society is also affiliated with Tribology Letters journal, published by Springer. STLE also publishes a monthly magazine, Tribology and Lubrication Technology (TLT).

Tribology
Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion. It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. The fundamental objects of study in tribology are tribosystems, which are physical systems of contacting surfaces. Subfields of tribology include biotribology, nanotribology and space tribology. It is also related to other areas such as the coupling of corrosion and tribology in tribocorrosion and the contact mechanics of how surfaces in contact deform.
Approximately 20% of the total energy expenditure of the world is due to the impact of friction and wear in the transportation, manufacturing, power generation, and residential sectors.
Diocese of Lusaka
The Diocese of Lusaka is one of fifteen Anglican bishoprics within the Church of the Province of Central Africa, covering part of Zambia. It came into being as the Diocese of Northern Rhodesia (the colonial precursor of Zambia) in 1910 and changed its name in 1971. Its seat is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Lusaka.

The first bishop of the new diocese was Filemon Mataka. The current bishop is David Njovu.

Church of the Province of Central Africa
The Church of the Province of Central Africa is part of the Anglican Communion, and includes 15 dioceses in Botswana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The Primate of the Church is the Archbishop of Central Africa. Albert Chama is the current archbishop, being installed on 20 March 2011, succeeding Bernard Amos Malango who retired in 2007.  From 1980 to 2000, Walter Khotso Makhulu, an Anti-Apartheid activist, was Archbishop as well as Bishop of Botswana. Archbishop Chama continues to serve as Bishop of Northern Zambia, and is the second Zambian to be Archbishop of Central Africa. In 2020, the World Christian Database and the World Christian Encyclopedia, published by Edinburgh University Press, estimated the church had 1,788,000 baptised members.
Dindin Santiago-Manabat
Aleona Denise "Dindin" Antonio Santiago-Manabat (born September 26, 1993) is a Filipino volleyball player. She played in the UAAP during her collegiate years for the NU Lady Bulldogs and started her professional career in the Philippine Super Liga as the first overall pick in the 2014 season for Petron Blaze Spikers.

2013 Shakey's V-League 1st Conference
The 2013 Shakey's V-League 1st Conference was the 18th conference of the Shakey's V-League and the first conference of the 2013 season. The opening ceremonies was held on April 7, 2013 with the first doubleheader of volleyball games at the Filoil Flying V Arena in San Juan.

There are three new teams who are participating in this season, they are the Arellano University Lady Chiefs, De La Salle University - Dasmariñas Lady Patriots, and the University of San Carlos Lady Warriors. This three new teams will face the seven current participating teams like ADMU, AdU, UST, NU, SSC-R, UPHSD and CSJL.
Gulladuff
Gulladuff (from Irish An Guala Dhubh, meaning 'black shoulders') is a small village and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is situated within the district of Mid Ulster and is represented by the Carntogher DEA on Mid Ulster District Council.

Gulladuff is part of the Maghera civil parish, and also part of both the Church of Ireland's Maghera ecclesiastical parish and the Catholic Church's Lavey ecclesiastical parish.

The football pitch for Lavey GAC is situated just south of the village.

In February 1989, a Sinn Féin Councillor on Magherafelt District Council, John Davey, was assassinated by the Ulster Volunteer Force as he returned to his home in Gulladuff.

Maghera (parish)
Maghera (from Irish  Machaire Rátha 'plain of the fort') is a parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is bordered by the parishes of Ballynascreen, Ballyscullion, Desertmartin, Dungiven, Kilcronaghan, Killelagh, Magherafelt, Tamlaght O'Crilly, and Termoneeny. As a civil parish it lies within the former barony of Loughinsholin and as an ecclesiastical parish it lies within the Church of Ireland Diocese of Derry and Raphoe.
Queen Jeongsun (Wonjong)
Queen Jeongsun of the Jeonju Kim clan (Korean: 정순왕후 김씨; Hanja: 靜順王后 金氏; 1220 – 29 July 1237) or known as Queen Gyeongsun (경순왕후; 敬順王后) and formally called as Queen Dowager Sungyeong (순경태후; 順敬太后), was the first and primary wife of Wonjong of Goryeo who became the mother of his successor, Chungnyeol of Goryeo.

Chungseon of Goryeo
Chungseon (20 October 1275 – 23 June 1325), born Wang Wŏn (Korean: 왕원; Hanja: 王謜), later changed his name to Wang Chang (왕장; 王璋), also known by his Mongolian name Ijir Bukhqa (益知禮普花), was the 26th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He reigned in 1298, and again from 1308 to 1313.

Adept at calligraphy and painting, rather than politics, he generally preferred the life in Dadu (the capital of the Yuan dynasty, present-day Beijing) to that in Gaegyeong (the capital of Goryeo, present-day Kaesong). He was the eldest son of King Chungnyeol and Queen Jangmok; since Wonjong of Goryeo requested to marry his son to a daughter of the Khan in 1269, which Kubilai obliged with the youngest one of his daughters. This made King Chungseon the first Goryeo monarch with Mongolian ancestry.
Riverside High School (New Jersey)
Riverside High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from Riverside Township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Riverside School District.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 471 students and 40.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1. There were 189 students (40.1% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 74 (15.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Students from Delanco Township attend Riverside High School as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Delanco Township School District.

Riverside School District (New Jersey)
The Riverside School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Riverside Township, in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprising three schools, had an enrollment of 1,470 students and 108.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.6:1.

Students from Delanco Township attend Riverside High School as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Delanco Township School District.
Dollna Goricë
Dollna Goricë (Albanian: Dollna Gorica, Macedonian : Долна Горица), formerly Goricë e Vogël, is a village on the western shore of Lake Prespa in the Pustec Municipality which is officially recognised as a Macedonian minority zone located in the Korçë County in Albania.

Pustec (municipality)
Pustec Municipality (Albanian: Bashkia Pustec; Macedonian: Општина Пустец), previously known as Liqenas Commune (Albanian: Komuna Liqenas) from 1973 to 2013, is a municipality in the Korçë County of Albania. The population at the 2011 census was 3,290, in a total area of 243.6 km2 (94.1 sq mi). The municipality's flag features the Vergina Sun.

It consists of nine villages, comprising the areas along the Albanian, the southwestern shore of Lake Prespa. It is part of the so-called Mala Prespa area, which is home to a large part of the local ethnic Macedonian minority of Albania. Albanian and Macedonian are official languages of the municipality.
Peracle charlotteae
Peracle charlotteae is an extinct species of fossil pelagic sea snail, or "sea butterfly", a planktonic marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peraclidae.

This species existed in what is now Cyprus during the Miocene period. It was described by Arie W. Janssen and Crispin T. S. Little in 2010.

Peraclidae
Peraclidae is a family of pelagic sea snails or "sea butterflies", marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cymbulioidea.

This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

This family was originally called Procymbuliidae Tesch, 1913 and then called Peraclididae by Wenz in 1938. The name Peraclidae takes precedence.

Peracle is the type genus of the family Peraclidae.

"Peraclis" Pelseener, 1888 is a unjustied modification (Giovine, F. 1988)
Water polo at the Summer Olympics
Water polo has been part of the Summer Olympics program since the second games, in 1900. A women's water polo tournament was introduced for the 2000 Summer Olympics. Hungary has been the most successful country in men's tournament, while the United States is the only team to win multiple times at the women's tournament since its introduction. Italy was the first to win both the men's and women's water polo tournaments.

Australia women's national water polo team
The Australia national women's water polo team represents Australia in women's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Water Polo Australia. It was one of the most successful women's water polo teams in the world. It is currently organised into the Asia/Oceania regional group.
Lasthenia gracilis
Lasthenia gracilis, the needle goldfields, is an annual plant with yellow flowers that grows in California and Arizona in southwestern United States, and Baja California in northwestern Mexico. It is in the genus Lasthenia of the family Asteraceae.

Lasthenia
Lasthenia, commonly known as goldfields, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The genus is named after Lasthenia of Mantinea, a cross-dressing female pupil of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.
Salamajärvi National Park
Salamajärvi National Park (Finnish: Salamajärven kansallispuisto) is a national park in the Central Ostrobothnia and Central Finland regions of Finland, in the municipalities of Perho, Kivijärvi and Kinnula. Salamajärvi is located in the rugged watershed region of Suomenselkä. This large, uninhabited area is especially known for its diverse mire ecosystems and its set of wilderness animals.

Salamajärvi National Park has about 60 kilometres (37 mi) of marked trails. Many of them are challenging due the rocky nature of the landscape, but some of the trails are accessible and suitable for children.

Kinnula
Kinnula is a municipality of Finland.

It is located in the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 1,492 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 495.71 square kilometres (191.39 sq mi) of which 35.48 km2 (13.70 sq mi) is water.  The population density is 3.24 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.4/sq mi).

Neighbouring municipalities are Kivijärvi, Lestijärvi, Perho, Pihtipudas, Reisjärvi and Viitasaari.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Listed buildings in Maryport
Maryport is a civil parish in the Cumberland unitary authority area of Cumbria, England. It contains 58 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the town of Maryport and the village of Flimby.  The site of Maryport has been a haven since the Roman era.  It was developed as a coal port in 1748–49 when the town was laid out on a grid plan, and the town grew further following the arrival of the railway in 1845.  The work of the port declined during the 20th century.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, shops and public houses in the town dating from the 18th and 19th centuries.  The other listed buildings include a medieval pele tower, farmhouses, a naval club, a lighthouse, churches, and a museum that originated as a naval gunnery training centre.

Maryport
Maryport is a town and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The town is on the coast of the Solway Firth and lies at the northern end of the former Cumberland Coalfield. Maryport lies approximately 5 miles (8 km) north-west of the Lake District National Park. It includes the site of the Roman settlement of Alauna. The modern town was developed from the mid-18th century around a new harbour built at the mouth of the River Ellen. The parish also includes the village of Flimby. At the 2021 census, the built-up area had a population of 8,525, while the parish had a population of 10,865.