hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herz reaction
The Herz reaction, named after the chemist Richard Herz, is the chemical conversion of an aniline to the benzodithiazolium salt by its reaction with disulfur dichloride.  The salt is called a Herz salt. Hydrolysis of this Herz salt give  the corresponding sodium thiolate, which can be further converted to the 2-aminothiophenol.

The 2-aminothiophenols are suitable for diazotization, giving benzothiadiazoles. Instead the sodium 2-aminothiophenolate can be converted to a 1,3-benzothiazole.

Herz reaction application

Dithiazolium
Dithiazolium refers to families of heterocycles consisting of C2NS2 rings.  The cations are aromatic on the grounds that they have six pi-electrons.  In principle, several isomers are possible, depending on the relative location of the C, N, and S atoms in the ring.

1,2,5-Dithiazolium cations arise from cycloaddition of dithionitronium (NS2+) to alkynes.  The derivative with two trifluoromethyl groups (prepared from hexafluorobutyne) can be reduced to the 7 electron radical.  This particular 1,3,5-dithiazole is also rare example of a radical that can be obtained as a solid, liquid, and gas.  The gas is blue.

Benzo-1,2-3-dithiazolium salts can be prepared by the Herz reaction, which entails the reaction of an aniline with disulfur dichloride.  Hydrolysis of this "Herz salt" gives the corresponding sodium thiolate, which can be further converted to the 2-aminothiophenol.

Appel's salt is an example of a 1,2,3-dithiazolium.
Stats Perform
Stats Perform (formerly STATS, LLC and STATS, Inc.) is a British sports AI company formed through the merger of Stats and Perform. The company is involved in sports data collection and predictive analysis for use across various sports sectors including professional team performance, digital, media, broadcast and betting. The company began investing in AI in 2015.

Its clients include media outlets, sports leagues and teams, fantasy sports and sports betting services. As of 2023, the company covers 500,000+ matches and 3,900 competitions annually and produces an infinite number of datapoints per game.

Fantasy sport
A fantasy sport (also known less commonly as rotisserie or roto) is a game, often played using the internet, where participants assemble imaginary or virtual teams composed of proxies of real players of a professional sport. These teams compete based on the statistical performance of those players in actual games. This performance is converted into points that are compiled and totaled according to a roster selected by each fantasy team's manager. These point systems can be simple enough to be manually calculated by a "league commissioner" who coordinates and manages the overall league, or points can be compiled and calculated using computers tracking actual results of the professional sport. In fantasy sports, as in real sports, team owners draft, trade, and cut (drop) players.
Dogzilla (picture book)
Dogzilla is a children's picture book created by Dav Pilkey that parodies Godzilla with a Cardigan Welsh Corgi. Harcourt, Inc. published this title in 1993. According to Pilkey, "The illustrations in this book are manipulated photographic collage, heavily retouched with acrylic paint." The photographs of the animals are of Pilkey's own pets. The book is dedicated to John "The Rapper" Wills. The book is a prequel to Kat Kong, which spoofs King Kong.

Dav Pilkey
David Murray "Dav" Pilkey Jr. (/deɪv/; born March 4, 1966) is an American comic book writer, author, and illustrator of children's fiction. He is best known as the author and illustrator of the children's book series Captain Underpants and its spin-off children's graphic novel series Dog Man, the latter published under the respective writer and illustrator pen names of George Beard and Harold Hutchins, which are also the names of the two protagonists of the Captain Underpants franchise.
Magnus Heunicke
Magnus Johannes Heunicke (born 28 January 1975) is a Danish journalist and politician who serves as a member of the Folketing for the Social Democrats political party. He was the Minister of Health from 2019 to 2022, and minister of elderly affairs from 2019 to 2021.

Næstved
Næstved (Danish pronunciation: [ˈnestve̝ð]) is a town in the municipality of the same name, located in the southern part of the island of Zealand in Denmark.

Næstved has several adult education centers, five elementary schools - and has at least one of each type of the four upper-second-level education centers. The city has the largest high school in Denmark, Næstved Gymnasium & HF.
Epping Stadium
Epping Stadium is an Australian soccer ground on Harvest Home Rd in Epping, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. Opened in 1999 the stadium has a capacity of 10,000, with approximately 1000 seats in its sole grandstand. The venue was host to several National Soccer League matches during the final days of Carlton SC, and has also hosted A-League clubs Melbourne Heart and Melbourne Victory in pre-season matches, as well as W-League Matches and National Youth League matches.
The stadium will be host to  Melbourne Victory Youth home matches for the 2016 NPL Victoria season.

Epping, Victoria
Epping is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 18 km (11 mi) north of Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Whittlesea local government area. Epping recorded a population of 33,489 at the 2021 census.
Recommended Records Sampler
The Recommended Records Sampler is a sampler double album by various artists released by English independent record label Recommended Records on LP in 1982. It contains tracks by musicians and groups on the Recommended Records catalogue at the time.

This sampler differed from the traditional record label sampler in that all the pieces here were newly recorded by the artists and, at the time, had never been released elsewhere. (Many of the tracks were later re-released as bonus tracks on the artists' CD reissues of their own albums.) In 1985 Recommended Records launched the RēR Quarterly, a "quarterly" sound-magazine, which continued this approach of releasing previously unreleased work on a compilation album.

A limited edition single-sided EP of the same name was also released in 1982 by Recommended Records and given free to advance subscribers of the double album. It comprised four previously unreleased tracks.

RēR Quarterly
The RēR Quarterly (also known as Rē Records Quarterly and RēR Records Quarterly) was an English "quarterly" sound-magazine comprising an LP record and a magazine. It was published at irregular intervals between 1985 and 1997 by Recommended Records and November Books, and edited by English percussionist, lyricist and music theorist Chris Cutler. It was sold internationally by Recommended Records via mail order and in specialist record shops.

A total of thirteen issues were published (four volumes of four, four, three and two issues respectively) plus two "collection" issues featuring music selections from volumes 1 and 2. From volume 4 the LP was replaced by a CD and the CD and the magazine (now entitled unFILEd: The RēR Sourcebook) were sold separately or together as a set.
No Time for Sergeants (film)
No Time for Sergeants is a 1958 American comedy film based on a play by Ira Levin, which was inspired by the original novel. Directed by Mervyn LeRoy, it stars Andy Griffith and features Myron McCormick, Don Knotts and most of the original Broadway cast, joined by Murray Hamilton and Warner Bros. Pictures contract player Nick Adams.

Nick Adams (actor, born 1931)
Nicholas Aloysius Adamshock (July 10, 1931 – February 7, 1968), better known as Nick Adams, was an American film and television actor and screenwriter. He was noted for his roles in several Hollywood films during the 1950s and 1960s, including Rebel Without a Cause along with his starring role in the ABC television series The Rebel (1959–1961). He also led the cast of several Japanese productions, including Frankenstein Conquers the World, Invasion of Astro-Monster, and The Killing Bottle.

Decades after his death from a prescription drug overdose at the age of 36, his widely publicized friendships with James Dean and Elvis Presley would stir speculation about both his private life and the circumstances of his death. In an AllMovie synopsis for Adams's last film, reviewer Dan Pavlides wrote, "Plagued by personal excesses, he will be remembered just as much for what he could have done in cinema as what he left behind."
1998 World Indoor Bowls Championship
The 1998 SAGA World World Indoor Bowls Championship  was held at Preston Guild Hall, Preston, England, from 13–23 January 1998.

In the Singles the unseeded Paul Foster, a 100-1 outsider won his first title beating Mervyn King in the final.
In the Pairs Richard Corsie and Graham Robertson won defeating Andy Thomson and Gary Smith in the final.

The Women's World Championship took place at the Selwyn Samuel Centre in Llanelli from April 22–28. The event was won by Caroline McAllister.

Paul Foster (bowls)
Paul James Foster MBE (born 13 March 1973) is a multiple world bowls champion from Scotland. He plays at Troon Portland (Outdoor) & Ambassador Prestwick (Indoor) bowling clubs. Foster has won four Commonwealth Games gold medals and 13 world indoor titles. Foster returned to number 1 in the world rankings in 2026.
Untold Story (novel)
Untold Story is a novel by Monica Ali, her fourth book after two novels and a collection of short stories. It asks what would have happened if Diana, Princess of Wales had not died in a car accident in Paris in 1997 but had arranged for her own disappearance and tried to live an undiscovered life in a small American town. In the novel, Princess Diana is portrayed in fictional form as an English expat named Lydia. The story is told through a combination of third person narrative, diary entries of the princess's former personal secretary, Lawrence Standing, and letters written by Lydia.

In May 2011, it was reported that Ali had sold the film rights to British production company Cloud Eight Films.

Ali claimed in 2022 that one critic called it 'a curious marriage of author and subject matter'. Ali has spoken of how damaging she experienced what she saw as the stereotyping of her work to be.

Monica Ali
Monica Ali CBE FRSL (Bengali: মনিকা আলী; born 20 October 1967) is a British writer of Bangladeshi and English descent. In 2003, she was selected as one of the "Best of Young British Novelists" by Granta based on her unpublished manuscript; her debut novel, Brick Lane, was published later that year. It was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize. It was adapted as a 2007 film of the same name. She has also published four other novels. Her fifth novel, Love Marriage, was published by Virago Press in February 2022 and became an instant Sunday Times bestseller.

Ali was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2024 Birthday Honours for services to literature. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2019.
Harald Madsen
Harald Martin Bergmann Madsen (20 November 1890 – 13 July 1949) was a Danish film actor. He appeared in 51 films between 1917 and 1948. Harald Madsen was a part of the Danish comedian couple Fyrtårnet og Bivognen (Fy og Bi), known as "Long & Short" in the United Kingdom and "Ole & Axel" in the United States, alongside his partner Carl Schenstrøm (Fy).

He was born in Silkeborg, Denmark and died in Usseroed, Denmark.

Silkeborg
Silkeborg (Danish: [ˈse̝lkəˌpɒˀ]) is a Danish town with a population of 52,571 (1 January 2025). Silkeborg is the seat of Silkeborg Municipality, with a population of 101,574 as of 2025.

Silkeborg is located in the middle of the Jutlandic peninsula, slightly west of the geographical centre of Denmark. The city is situated on the Gudenå River in the hilly and lush landscape of Søhøjlandet, surrounded by Denmark's largest forest district and a great number of lakes. Silkeborg is also known as Denmark's outdoor capital. The lakes between Silkeborg and Ry that are linked by the Gudenå, are known collectively as Silkeborgsøerne (the Silkeborg lakes).
The city is divided along an east–west axis by the lake of Silkeborg Langsø, which at the eastern side of the city, flows into the Gudenå River.
Billy Liar (song)
"Billy Liar" is the debut single by the Decemberists. Deriving its title from the English novel and British New Wave film, Billy Liar, the song also references "No good Boyo" of Dylan Thomas's Under Milk Wood and appears to generally talk about a young man's boredom during long summer days. Musically, it has an upbeat, somewhat piano-driven, rather poppy sound.

The single peaked at number 24 on the US Billboard charts in October 2004.

Under Milk Wood
Under Milk Wood is a 1954 radio drama by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas. The BBC commissioned the play, which was later adapted for the stage. The first public reading was in New York City in 1953.

A film version of the same name, directed by Andrew Sinclair, was released in 1972. A second adaptation of the play, directed by Pip Broughton, was staged for television in 2014 for the 60th anniversary of the piece.

An omniscient narrator invites the audience to listen to the dreams and innermost thoughts of the inhabitants of the fictional small Welsh fishing town, Llareggub, (buggerall spelt backwards).

They include Mrs. Ogmore-Pritchard, relentlessly nagging her two dead husbands; Captain Cat, reliving his seafaring times; the two Mrs. Dai Breads; Organ Morgan, obsessed with his music; and Polly Garter, pining for her dead lover. Later, the town awakens, and, aware now of how their feelings affect whatever they do, we watch them go about their daily business.
Little Shop of Horrors (musical)
Little Shop of Horrors is a horror comedy rock musical with music by Alan Menken and lyrics and a book by Howard Ashman. The story follows a hapless florist shop worker who raises a plant that feeds on human blood and flesh. The musical is loosely based on the low-budget 1960 black comedy film The Little Shop of Horrors. Menken's score features early 1960s-style rock and roll, doo-wop and early Motown.

The musical premiered off-off-Broadway in 1982 before moving to the Orpheum Theatre off-Broadway, where it had a five-year run. It later received numerous productions in the U.S. and abroad, and a subsequent Broadway production. In part because of its small cast, it has become popular with school and other amateur theatre groups. The musical was also made into a 1986 film of the same name, directed by Frank Oz.

Nicholas Christopher (actor)
Nicholas Christopher (born August 16, 1990) is a Bermudian-American stage actor and singer. He's best known for his performance as Adolfo Pirelli in the 2023 Broadway revival of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. He later starred in the titular role of Sweeney Todd in the same production from January 17 to February 8, 2024, in between the stints of Josh Groban and Aaron Tveit. Since October 2025, he has starred as Anatoly Sergievsky in the first Broadway revival of Chess opposite Lea Michele and Tveit.

Christopher also starred on Broadway as John Thomas in Miss Saigon (2017–2018) and as Aaron Burr and George Washington in Hamilton (2016–2025).
Jarosław Królewski
Jarosław Królewski ([jaˈrɔswaf kruˈlɛfskʲi]; born September 26, 1986) is a Polish entrepreneur, programmer, sociologist, investor, and philanthropist from Hańczowa, Poland. He is a researcher and lecturer at the AGH University of Krakow.  He was selected as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum in 2025. Królewski is a cofounder and chief executive of the software development company Synerise that develops its namesake business intelligence software based on artificial intelligence and big data. He is also the president and a majority stakeholder of the Polish soccer club Wisła Kraków.

Hańczowa
Hańczowa [xaɲˈt͡ʂɔva] (Ukrainian: Ганчова) is a village in the Uście Gorlickie municipality of Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It directly borders the Wysowa-Zdrój spa village.
Karen Persyn
Karen Persyn (born 31 March 1983) is an alpine skier from Belgium.  She competed for Belgium at the 2010 Winter Olympics.  She finished in 27th place in the slalom, her only event of the competition.

She won her first FIS slalom at Diavolezza, Switzerland on 15 November 2011.

Belgium at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Belgium sent a delegation to compete at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from 12–28 February 2010.  The nation has been to every Winter Olympics except two, both in the 1960s.  The Belgian delegation to Vancouver consisted of eight athletes, competing in four different sports.  The delegation did not win any medals, and their best performance in any event was ninth by Pieter Gysel in the short track speed skating 1,500 meters event.
Hospital Vilardebó
Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Reducto, Montevideo, Uruguay. It opened on 21 May 1880, named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 hospital inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and internal rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years, more than half of whom arrive by court order; 42% have schizophrenia, 18% have depression and mania  and also a high percentage of drug addicted patients. It has around 300 beds.

Reducto
Reducto is a barrio (neighbourhood or district) of Montevideo, Uruguay. It borders Bella Vista to the west, Prado and Atahualpa to the north, La Figurita and Villa Muñoz to the east and Aguada to the south.
A. Ledyard Smith
Augustus Ledyard Smith III (October 18, 1901 – December 5, 1985) was an American archaeologist who worked on various projects in the Maya region on behalf of the Carnegie Institution, including Uaxactun. From 1958 to 1963 he led investigations at Altar de Sacrificios in Guatemala together with Gordon Willey on behalf of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. From 1963 to 1969 he investigated the site of Seibal, also in Guatemala.

His grandfather, Augustus L. Smith, was a Wisconsin pioneer who served as a Wisconsin state senator and mayor of Appleton, Wisconsin.

Augustus L. Smith
Augustus Ledyard Smith Sr. (April 5, 1833 – August 12, 1902) was an American educator, businessman, and Democratic politician from Appleton, Wisconsin.  He was the 9th mayor of Appleton, and served two years in the Wisconsin Senate, representing Wisconsin's 22nd Senate district from 1866 to 1868.

The American archaeologist A. Ledyard Smith was his grandson.
The Riddle (album)
The Riddle is the second studio album by the English singer-songwriter Nik Kershaw, released on 19 November 1984 by MCA Records.

On release, the album was received favourably by the majority of music critics. It peaked at number eight on the UK Albums Chart and reached the top 10 in New Zealand and Norway. The album spawned three charting singles in the United Kingdom—"The Riddle" peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart; "Wide Boy" at number nine; "Don Quixote" at number 10. The album has been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

The album was re-released on 9 August 2013 on Universal Music Group's Re-presents imprint featuring rare bonus content. The reissue is a two-disc set with the original album digitally remastered from the original 1/2" mix tapes; the bonus content consists of associated B-sides, 12″ mixes, and live versions of the songs featured on the album.

Nik Kershaw
Nicholas David Kershaw (born 1 March 1958) is an English singer, songwriter and  multi-instrumentalist. He came to prominence in 1984 as a solo artist, releasing eight singles that entered the top 40 of the UK singles chart during the decade, including "Wouldn't It Be Good", "Dancing Girls", "I Won't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", "Human Racing", "The Riddle", "Wide Boy", "Don Quixote", and "When a Heart Beats". His 62 weeks on the UK singles chart through 1984 and 1985 beat all other solo artists.

Kershaw appeared at the multi-venue benefit concert Live Aid in 1985 and has penned a number of songs for other artists, including Chesney Hawkes's 1991 UK No. 1 single "The One and Only".
Sanjō Station (Kyoto)
Sanjō Station (三条駅, Sanjō-eki) is a Keihan Electric Railway station in Kyoto.  Located in Higashiyama Ward at the intersection of Sanjō Street and Kawabata Street, the station provides access to the Gion district and the main shopping district on Sanjō Street. It connects with Sanjo Keihan Station on the Kyoto Municipal Subway's Tozai Line.

Sanjō Street
Sanjō Street（三条通 さんじょうどおり sanjō dōri）is a major street that crosses the center of the city of Kyoto from east to west, running from Shinomiya in the Yamashina-ku ward (east) to the vicinity of the Tenryū-ji in Arashiyama (west).
Surrey LRT
The  Surrey Light Rail system was a planned 10.5-kilometre (6.5 mi) network in Surrey, British Columbia containing one light rail line radiating from the Surrey Central SkyTrain station and transit hub. First proposed in 2012 by Surrey mayor Dianne Watts, construction on the project was planned to start in 2019 with an opening date set for 2024. At the inauguration of the new Surrey City Council on November 5, 2018, and after a change of municipal leadership, the newly installed council unanimously voted to "indefinitely suspend" the project in favour of an extension of the SkyTrain Expo Line to Langley Centre.

Doug McCallum
Doug McCallum (born April 19, 1944) is a Canadian politician who was mayor of Surrey, British Columbia, from 1996 to 2005 and from 2018 to 2022.

McCallum was first elected to a seat on Surrey City Council in 1993. During this term he served as Chair of the Finance Committee and sat as a member of the Parks and Recreation Commission and the Library Board. He was re-elected in the October 20, 2018 local elections in British Columbia. He was defeated in the 2022 election.
Clarkson Golden Knights men's ice hockey
The Clarkson Golden Knights men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Clarkson University. The Golden Knights have been a member of ECAC Hockey since 1962, and play their home games at Cheel Arena in Potsdam, New York. While Clarkson lore has it that their first hockey game was played in 1916 against the Hogansburg Indians, the team was established as a hockey club in 1921, led by captain Bill Johnson. The Knights won their opening encounter against Alexandria Bay, 6–4, and finished the year with a 2–1 record, their first of many winning seasons.

Grant Clitsome
Grant Clitsome (born April 14, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Columbus Blue Jackets and the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 2008 to 2016.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Sheboygan County (/ʃɪˈbɔɪɡən/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is named after the Sheboygan River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 118,034. Its county seat is Sheboygan. The county was created in 1836 and organized in 1846. At the time, it was located in the Wisconsin Territory. Sheboygan County comprises the Sheboygan, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Part of the Holyland region is located in northwestern Sheboygan County.

The Holyland (Wisconsin)
The Holyland is an American region located mainly in northeastern Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin and southern Calumet County. The area is known for its distinctive agricultural landscape, a close-knit community life, and deep Roman Catholicism brought by Germans who first settled the region in the 1840s. The area has been studied as an example of chain migration.  It has been called "The Holyland" since at least 1898.