hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Å, Åfjord
Å (also known as: Åfjord, Årnes, or Å i Åfjord) is the administrative center of Åfjord Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Åfjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the village of By. The lake Stordalsvatnet lies just east of the village. Åfjord Church is located in Å, just west of the Nordalselva river.

The 1.42-square-kilometre (350-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,386 and a population density of 976 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,530/sq mi).

Stordalsvatnet
Stordalsvatnet is a lake in Åfjord Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The lake is located on the Stordalselva river which flows into the Åfjorden. The lake lies between the villages of By (on the east end) and Årnes (on the west end).
Legislative districts of Caloocan
The legislative districts of Caloocan are the representations of the highly urbanized city of Caloocan in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The city is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first,  second, and third congressional districts.

Caloocan's 2nd congressional district
Caloocan's 2nd congressional district, also known as South Caloocan district, is one of the three congressional districts of the Philippines in the city of Caloocan. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. The district consists of the entire South Caloocan barangays south of Circumferential Road 4 (including EDSA): Barangays 5 to 76 in Zones 1 to 7 and Barangays 86 to 131 in Zones 8 to 11. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Edgar Erice of the  Liberal Party.
William Doughty (naval architect)
Born James William Doughty also known as William Doughty and James Doughty (c. 1773 – 1859) was a United States naval architect who designed many of the sailing "Seventy-four ships". Doughty worked for many years as a United States naval architect laying down such ships "as the USS Delaware,  USS Ohio, and USS Carolina that rank with the best ships ever built."

United States naval architect
United States naval architects or ship designers introduced the faster and larger sailing frigates and sloop-of-wars of the early United States Navy which influenced the later merchant ships and clipper ships.
Presteigne St. Andrews F.C.
Presteigne St. Andrews Football Club are a Welsh football club from Presteigne, Powys, who play in the Mid Wales South.

The club's home colours are red and black striped shirts with black shorts and socks.

Presteigne
Presteigne (/prɛsˈtiːn/; Welsh: Llanandras: the church of St. Andrew) is a town and community on the south bank of the River Lugg in Powys, Wales. The town is located on the England–Wales border, which surrounds it to the north, east and south. Nearby towns are Kington, Herefordshire to the south and Knighton to the north, and surrounding villages include Norton (within the community) and Stapleton. The community has a population of 2,710; the built-up area had a population of 2,056.

Presteigne was formerly the county town of the historic county of Radnorshire. Despite being in Wales, it is part of the diocese of Hereford in the Church of England.
Christianity in Jharkhand
Christians are a religious community residing in the Indian state of Jharkhand. As per 2011 Census of India, 4.3% of people in Jharkhand are Christians. Christians are majority in Simdega district of Jharkhand.

Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam
The Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam (GELC) is a major Christian Protestant denomination in India, with hundreds of thousands of members. It was established on 2 November 1845. The church is affiliated with the National Council of Churches in India, the United Evangelical Lutheran Church in India, the Lutheran World Federation, and the World Council of Churches. It is currently led by Moderator Bishop Marshall Kerketta. GELC is one of the three Lutheran denominations in northeast India, alongside the Bodo Evangelical Lutheran Church and the Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Kings Park Soccer Stadium
Kings Park Soccer Stadium was a multi-use stadium in Durban, South Africa that was built in 1958.  It was formerly used mostly for football matches and was the home of Manning Rangers who played in the Premier Soccer League.  The stadium had a capacity of 35,000 people.

The stadium was demolished in 2006 to make way for the Moses Mabhida Stadium, one of the key stadiums for the 2010 World Cup.

Moses Mabhida Stadium
The Moses Mabhida Stadium is a soccer stadium in Durban in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, named after Moses Mabhida, a former general secretary of the South African Communist Party. A multi-use stadium, it became a venue for several events, like bungee jumping, concerts, cricket, soccer, golf practise, motorsports and rugby union.

It was one of the host stadiums for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The stadium has a capacity of 55,500 (expandable up to 75,000). The stadium is adjacent to the Kings Park Stadium, in the Kings Park Sporting Precinct, and the Durban street circuit used for the A1GP World Cup of Motorsport. 
It includes a sports institute, and a transmodal transport station.
La Caja Formation
The La Caja Formation is a geologic formation in Mexico. It preserves fossils dating from the Kimmeridgian to the lower Berriasian. La Caja Formation is widespread in northeastern and central Mexico and known for their abundant and diverse well-preserved ammonites. It was deposited in hemipelagic conditions, and predominantly consists of siliclastic sediments, including marl, with limestone. It is laterally equivalent to the  La Casita Formation, which represent more proximal facies. The ichthyosaur Parrassaurus yacahuitztli, metriorhynchid Cricosaurus saltillensis, and the giant pliosaur "Monster of Aramberri" are known from the formation.

Cricosaurus
Cricosaurus is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliforms of the Late Jurassic. belonging to the family Metriorhynchidae. The genus was established by Johann Andreas Wagner in 1858 for three skulls from the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of Germany. The name Cricosaurus means "Ring lizard", and is derived from the Greek Krikos- ("ring") and σαῦρος -sauros ("lizard"). It was a relatively small reptile, with C. suevicus and C. araucanensis measuring 2 m (6.6 ft) and 3.2 m (10 ft) in total body length, respectively.
Lentos Art Museum
The Lentos Art Museum (German: Kunstmuseum Lentos) is a museum of modern art in Linz, Austria, which opened in May 2003 as the successor to the Neue Galerie der Stadt Linz (New Gallery of the City of Linz).

The museum was designed by Zurich-based architectural firm Weber & Hofer. It is 130 m (430 ft) long and has approximately 8,000 m2 (86,000 sq ft) of floor space. The building's transparent glass façade is illuminated at night. It is located directly on the Danube between the Nibelungen Bridge and Brucknerhaus.

Emil Nolde
Emil Nolde (born Hans Emil Hansen; 7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956) was a German painter and printmaker. He was one of the first Expressionists, a member of Die Brücke, and was one of the first oil painting and watercolor painters of the early 20th century to explore color. He is known for his brushwork and expressive choice of colors. Golden yellows and deep reds appear frequently in his work, giving a luminous quality to otherwise somber tones. His watercolors include vivid, brooding storm-scapes and brilliant florals.

Nolde's intense preoccupation with the subject of flowers reflected his interest in the art of Vincent van Gogh.

Even though his art was included in the Entartete Kunst exhibition of 1937, Nolde was a member of the Nazi Party, with racist and antisemitic views, and a staunch supporter of Nazi Germany.
Rhine-Main Railway
The Rhine-Main Railway (German: Main-Rhein-Bahn), is a railway line in southern Germany from Mainz via Darmstadt to Aschaffenburg. It was built by the Hessian Ludwig Railway (Hessische Ludwigsbahn) and opened on 1 August 1858 and is one of the oldest railways in Germany. Until 1862, when the railway bridge over the Rhine river constructed and assembled by MAN-Werk Gustavsburg was finished, a train ferry operated on the river.

Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof
Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof is the main station of Aschaffenburg in the German state of Bavaria. It is located on the busy Ruhr– Frankfurt–Nuremberg–Munich/Vienna rail corridor. Deutsche Bahn classifies it as a category 2 station. It forms the boundary between the city centre and the district of Damm.
Anuraga Sangama
Anuraga Sangama is a 1995 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed and written by V. Umakanth. The film stars Kumar Govind, Ramesh Aravind and Sudharani. The film is loosely inspired by the Charlie Chaplin film City Lights. The same film was remade in Telugu in 1997 as Pelli Pandiri,  in Tamil in 1999 as Nilave Mugam Kaattu and in Hindi in 2006 as Humko Tumse Pyaar Hai.

Nilave Mugam Kaattu
Nilave Mugam Kaattu (transl. Oh Moon, please show your face) is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Kalanjiyam, starring Karthik, Ramki and Devayani. It is a remake of the Kannada film Anuraga Sangama (1995) which itself was inspired by Charlie Chaplin's City Lights. The film was released on 30 April 1999. The title of this film is derived from the song in Rajinikanth starrer Yajaman, composed by Ilaiyaraaja himself.
Rothwell Lodge and Factory
The Rothwell Lodge and Factory is a heritage-listed historic site located at 24 Ferry Road in the inner western Sydney suburb of Glebe in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Glebe, New South Wales
Glebe is an inner-western suburb of Sydney in New South Wales. Glebe is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of the Sydney central business district in the Inner West region.

Glebe is surrounded by Blackwattle Bay and Rozelle Bay, inlets of Sydney Harbour, in the north. The suburb of Ultimo lies to the east and the suburbs of Annandale and Forest Lodge lie to the west. The southern boundary is formed by Parramatta Road and Broadway. Broadway is a locality sited along the road of the same name, which is located on the border of Glebe, Chippendale and Ultimo.
Schwartz space
In mathematics, Schwartz space  is the function space of all functions whose derivatives of all orders are rapidly decreasing.  This space has the important property that the Fourier transform is an automorphism on this space. This property enables one, by duality, to define the Fourier transform for elements in the dual space  of ⁠⁠, that is, for tempered distributions.  A function in the Schwartz space is sometimes called a Schwartz function.

Schwartz space is named after French mathematician Laurent Schwartz.

Function space
In mathematics, a function space is a set of functions between two fixed sets. Often, the domain and/or codomain will have additional structure which is inherited by the function space. For example, the set of functions from any set X into a vector space has a natural vector space structure given by pointwise addition and scalar multiplication. In other scenarios, the function space might inherit a topological or metric structure, hence the name function space. Often in mathematical jargon, especially in analysis or geometry, a function could refer to a map of the form  or  where  is the space in question. Whilst other maps of the form  between any two spaces are simply referred to as maps. Example of this can be the space of compactly supported functions on a topological space. However in a larger context a function space could just consist of a set of functions (set theoretically) equipped with possibly some extra structure.
Spiral antenna
A spiral antenna is a type of radio frequency antenna shaped as a spiral,:  14‑2  first described in 1956. Archimedean spiral antennas are the most popular, while logarithmic spiral antennas are independent of frequency: the driving point impedance, radiation pattern and polarization of such antennas remain unchanged over a large bandwidth. Spiral antennas are inherently circularly polarized with low gain; antenna arrays can be used to increase the gain. Spiral antennas are reduced in size with its windings making it an extremely small structure. Lossy cavities are usually placed at the back to eliminate back lobes, because a unidirectional pattern is usually preferred in such antennas. Spiral antennas are classified into different configurations: Archimedean spiral, logarithmic spiral, square spiral, etc.

Archimedean spiral
The Archimedean spiral (also known as Archimedes' spiral, the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd-century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes. The term Archimedean spiral is sometimes used to refer to the more general class of spirals of this type (see below), in contrast to Archimedes' spiral (the specific arithmetic spiral of Archimedes). It is the locus corresponding to the locations over time of a point moving away from a fixed point with a constant speed along a line that rotates with constant angular velocity. Equivalently, in polar coordinates (r, θ) it can be described by the equation

with real number b. Changing the parameter b controls the distance between loops.

From the above equation, it can thus be stated: position of the particle from point of start is proportional to angle θ as time elapses.

Archimedes described such a spiral in his book On Spirals.  Conon of Samos was a friend of his and Pappus states that this spiral was discovered by Conon.
Kerċem
Ta' Kerċem is a village in Malta, in the island of Gozo, with a population of 1,938 people as of March 2014.

Ta' Kerċem evolved into a village community around chapel dedicated to Pope Gregory the Great built around 1581 and replaced in 1851 by a church which was enlarged to its present state between 1906 and 1910. Ta' Kerċem became a distinct parish on 10 March 1885 and since 17 August 1885, the church was additionally co-dedicated to Our Lady of Perpetual Help.

The village of Ta' Kerċem has a population of around 1700 people. Ta' Kerċem is home to Kerċem Ajax Stadium, one of the biggest stadiums in Gozo, mainly used for Gozo Football League Second Division games, which is the home stadium of Kerċem Ajax F.C.

Incorporated within Ta' Kerċem is the hamlet of Santa Luċija, Gozo.

In 2018, the former police station in the locality was vacated and put up for sale.

Kerċem Ajax Stadium
The Kerċem Ajax Stadium (Maltese: il-Grawnd ta' Kerċem) is a stadium located in Kerċem, Gozo, Malta. The stadium is believed to seat around 1,000 people and hosts the Gozo Football League Second Division and domestic cup matches.
Jacob Riis
Jacob August Riis (/riːs/ REESS; May 3, 1849 – May 26, 1914) was a Danish-American social reformer, "muck-raking" journalist, and social documentary photographer. He contributed significantly to the cause of urban reform in the United States of America at the turn of the twentieth century. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City; those impoverished New Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography.

Riis endorsed the implementation of "model tenements" in New York with the help of humanitarian Lawrence Veiller. He was an early proponent of the newly practicable casual photography and one of the first to adopt photographic flash. While living in New York, Riis experienced poverty and became a police reporter writing about the quality of life in the slums. He attempted to alleviate the poor living conditions of poor people by exposing these conditions to the middle and upper classes.

Five Points, Manhattan
Five Points (or The Five Points) was a 19th-century neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The neighborhood, partly built on low-lying land that had filled in the freshwater lake known as the Collect Pond, was generally defined as being bound by Centre Street to the west, the Bowery to the east, Canal Street to the north, and Park Row to the south. The Five Points gained notoriety as a densely populated, disease-ridden, crime-infested slum that existed for over 70 years.

Through the 20th century, the former Five Points area was gradually redeveloped, with streets changed or closed. The area is now occupied by the Civic Center to the west and south, which includes major federal, state, and city facilities. To the east and north, the former Five Points neighborhood is now part of Manhattan's Chinatown.
Wir sagen euch an den lieben Advent
"Wir sagen euch an den lieben Advent" (We announce the dear Advent to you) is an Advent song with German text by Maria Ferschl written in 1954, and a melody by Heinrich Rohr. The song is part of the German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch, the Catholic Gotteslob and many songbooks. It is suitable for children.

Advent song
Advent songs (German: Adventslieder) are songs and hymns intended for Advent, the four weeks of preparation for Christmas. Topics of the time of expectation are the hope for a Messiah, prophecies, and the symbolism of light, among others. Several of the songs are part of hymnals such as the German Catholic Gotteslob (GL) and the Protestant Evangelisches Gesangbuch (EG).

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
1970 Copa Perú
The 1970 Copa Perú season (Spanish: Copa Perú 1970), the promotion tournament of Peruvian football.

In this tournament, after many qualification rounds, each one of the 24 departments in which Peru is politically divided qualified a team. Those teams, plus the team relegated from First Division on the last year, enter in two more rounds and finally 6 of them qualify for the Final round, staged in Lima (the capital).

The champion, Torino, was promoted to play in 1970 First Division.

1970 Torneo Descentralizado
The 1970 Torneo Descentralizado was the 54th season of the highest division of Peruvian football. Atlético Torino and Deportivo SIMA made their debut in the first division this season. The national champion was Sporting Cristal while Deportivo SIMA and Atlético Grau were relegated.
Johann Pehel
Jan Pehel (also Johann) (16 May 1852 in Husinec, Austrian Empire – 28 February 1926 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech/Austro-Hungarian composer and conductor whose album of piano music Klänge von der Moldau ("Echoes from Bohemia") appeared as No. 1433 in the Collection Litolff. His '74-er Korps-Manöver-Marsch' appears on Militärmusik Salzburg's CD Historische Regiments-Märsche der k. u. k. Armee. He was born in Husinec, and died in Prague.

Husinec (Prachatice District)
Husinec (Czech pronunciation: [ɦu.ˈsɪ.nɛt͡s]; German: Hussinetz) is a town in Prachatice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants. It is known as the birthplace of one of the main figures in Czech history, Jan Hus. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
To a Frown
To a Frown is the first studio album by American sludge metal band Buzzov*en, originally released through Allied Recordings in 1993. Out of print, it is available in a remastered form in its entirety on the compilation album Welcome to Violence.

Welcome to Violence
Welcome to Violence is a compilation album by American sludge metal band Buzzov*en, released on April 26, 2005. The album consists of their debut album To a Frown, as well as the EPs Wound and Unwilling to Explain which are all out of print.
Alcohol and sex
Alcohol and sex deals with the effects of the consumption of alcohol on sexual behavior. The effects of alcohol are balanced between its suppressive effects on sexual physiology, which will decrease sexual activity, and its suppression of sexual inhibitions. A large portion of sexual assaults involve alcohol consumption by the perpetrator, victim, or both.

Alcohol is a depressant. After consumption, alcohol causes the body's systems to slow down. Often, feelings of drunkenness are associated with elation and happiness but other feelings of anger or depression can arise. Balance, judgment, and coordination are also negatively affected. One of the most significant short term side effects of alcohol is reduced inhibition. Reduced inhibitions can lead to an increase in sexual behavior.

Caffeinated alcoholic drink
A caffeinated alcoholic drink is a drink that contains both alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) and a significant amount of caffeine. Caffeine, a stimulant, masks some of the depressant effects of alcohol.
In 2010 and 2011, this type of drink faced criticism for posing health risks to its drinkers. In some places there is a ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks.

Sometimes, caffeinated alcoholic drinks are made by mixing existing caffeinated drinks (coffee, energy drinks, cola) with alcoholic drinks.
KGTL
KGTL (620 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Homer, Alaska.  The station is owned by Peninsula Radio Group, Inc.  It airs a news/talk format.

The station, and its sister stations, were purchased in November of 2024 from Peninsula Communications Inc, by Peninsula Radio Group Inc.

The station was assigned these call letters by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on July 17, 1987.

The  price of electricity was increased by 47% in July 2008. In February 2009 KGTL applied for Special Temporary Authority from the FCC to operate with 2,500 watts full-time.

Homer, Alaska
Homer (Dena'ina: Tuggeght) is a city in Kenai Peninsula Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is 218 mi (351 km) southwest of Anchorage. According to the 2020 census, the population was 5,522, up from 5,003 in 2010. Long known as the "Halibut Fishing Capital of the World", Homer is also nicknamed "the end of the road", and more recently,  "the cosmic hamlet by the sea".
James McBean Residence
The James McBean Residence is a house in Rochester, Minnesota designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. This Usonian house is an example of the second type (Prefab #2) of the Marshall Erdman Prefab Houses. This house and the Walter Rudin House have the same floor plan and vary only in minor details, such as paint color and siting,  since they are the only two Prefab #2 houses in existence.

Marshall Erdman Prefab Houses
The Marshall Erdman Prefab Houses are a group of eleven prefabricated homes designed in two classes between 1956 and 1960 by noted American architect Frank Lloyd Wright.

Wright had been interested in mass production of housing throughout his career. In 1954, he discovered that the builder Marshall Erdman, who'd contracted with the First Unitarian Society of Madison, Wisconsin, was selling modest prefabricated homes to its congregation.

Wright offered to design better prefabs, at half the $30,000 Marshall Erdman and Associates, Inc. (ME&A) was charging for its version. Wright began work in earnest in late 1955, and by spring of 1956 he had final plans for three Usonian-type homes to be built exclusively by ME&A.
Dorothy Wadham
Dorothy Wadham (/ˈwɒdəm/ WOD-əm; née Petre; 1534/1535 – 16 May 1618) was an English landowner and the founder of Wadham College, Oxford, one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford. Wadham was the first woman who was not a member of the royal family or titled aristocracy to found a college at Oxford or Cambridge. Her husband was Nicholas Wadham (1531–1609) of Merryfield in the parish of Ilton, Somerset and of Edge in the parish of Branscombe, Devon.

Ingatestone Hall
Ingatestone Hall is a Grade I listed 16th-century manor house in Essex, England. It is located outside the village of Ingatestone, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) south west of Chelmsford and  25 miles (40 km) north east of London. The house was built by Sir William Petre, and his descendants (the Barons Petre) live in the house to this day. Part of the house is leased out as offices while the current Lord Petre's son and heir apparent lives in a private wing with his family. The Hall formerly housed Tudor monarchs such as Queen Elizabeth I.

The hall is open to the public on selected afternoons between Easter and September.