hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
OpenLearn
OpenLearn is an educational website. It is the UK's Open University's contribution to the open educational resources (OER) project and the home of free, open learning from The Open University. The original project was part-funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. OpenLearn is a member of the OpenCourseWare Consortium (OCWC).

OpenCourseWare
OpenCourseWare (OCW) are course lessons created at universities and published for free via the Internet. OCW projects first appeared in the late 1990s, and after gaining traction in Europe and then the United States have become a worldwide means of delivering educational content.
The Carlyle Group
The Carlyle Group Inc. is an American multinational company with operations in private equity, alternative asset management and financial services. As of 2023, the company had $426 billion of assets under management.

Carlyle specializes in private equity, real assets, and private credit. One of the world's largest investment firms, it ranked first among private equity firms by capital raised from 2010-2015, according to the PEI 300 index. In June 2024, it ranked sixth in Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking among the world's largest private equity firms.

Founded in 1987 in Washington, D.C., the company has nearly 2,200 employees in 28 offices on four continents as of December 2023. On May 3, 2012, Carlyle completed a US$700 million initial public offering and began trading on the NASDAQ stock exchange.

Harvey Schwartz
Harvey M. Schwartz (born 1964) is an American businessman. He is currently CEO of The Carlyle Group, the world's sixth-largest private equity firm. He previously worked at Goldman Sachs from 1997 to 2018, rising through the position of chief financial officer to that of president and co-chief operating officer.
Didymoglossum petersii
Didymoglossum petersii, the dwarf bristle fern, is a species in the family Hymenophyllaceae, (filmy ferns). It is one of three filmy ferns native to a significant area of the United States. It is found only in the nine most southeastern states, south of the Kentucky/Virginia - Tennessee/North Carolina dividing line, as well as in Mexico and Guatemala.

The genus Didymoglossum is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not by some other sources. As of October 2019, Plants of the World Online merged the genus into a broadly defined Trichomanes, treating this species as Trichomanes petersii.

Didymoglossum
Didymoglossum is a tropical genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It comprises more than 30 epilithic or low-epiphytic species under two subgenera. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not by some other sources which sink it into a broadly defined Trichomanes.
Yuri Norstein
Yuri Borisovich Norstein (Russian: Юрий Борисович Норштейн; born 15 September 1941) is a Russian animator best known for his animated shorts Hedgehog in the Fog and Tale of Tales made in collaboration with his wife, Francheska Yarbusova. Since 1981, he has been working on a feature film called The Overcoat, based on the short story by Nikolai Gogol of the same name. According to The Washington Post, "he is considered by many to be not just the best animator of his era, but the best of all time".

History of Russian animation
The history of Russian animation is the visual art form produced by Russian animation makers. As most of Russia's production of animation for cinema and television were created during Soviet times, it may also be referred to some extent as the history of Soviet animation. It remains a nearly unexplored field in film theory and history outside Russia.
Daniel Woodrell
Daniel Stanford Woodrell (March 4, 1953 – November 28, 2025) was an American novelist and short story writer who wrote nine novels, most of them set in the Missouri Ozarks, and one collection of short stories. Woodrell coined the phrase "country noir" to describe his 1996 novel Give Us a Kiss. Reviewers have frequently since used the term to categorize his writing.

Tomato Red
Tomato Red (also known as Tomato Red: Blood Money) is a 2017 Irish-Canadian crime film written and directed by Juanita Wilson and starring Jake Weary and Julia Garner. It is based on the novel of the same name by Daniel Woodrell.
Académie royale d'architecture
The Académie Royale d'Architecture (French pronunciation: [akademi ʁwajal daʁʃitɛktyʁ]; English: "Royal Academy of Architecture") was a French learned society  founded in 1671. It had a leading role in influencing architectural theory and education, not only in France, but throughout Europe and the Americas from the late 17th century to the mid-20th.

François Blondel
François Blondel (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa blɔ̃dɛl]; c. 10 June 1618 – 21 January 1686) was a soldier, engineer of fortifications, mathematician, diplomat, military and civil engineer and architect, called "the Great Blondel", to distinguish him in a dynasty of French architects. He is remembered for his Cours d'architecture which remained a central text for over a century. His precepts placed him in opposition with Claude Perrault in the larger culture war known under the heading Querelle des anciens et des modernes. If François Blondel was not the most highly reputed among the académiciens of his day, his were the writings that most generally circulated among the general public, the Cours de Mathématiques, the Art de jetter les Bombes, the Nouvelle manière de fortifier les places and, above all his  Cours d'Architecture.
Julius von Borsody
Julius von Borsody (8 April 1892 in Vienna – 18 January 1960, also in Vienna) was an Austrian film architect and one of the most employed set designers in the Austrian and German cinemas of the late silent and early sound film periods. His younger brother, Eduard von Borsody, was a film director in Austria and Germany. He is also the great-uncle of German actress Suzanne von Borsody.

The Secret of Cavelli
Hohe Schule, also known by its subtitle Das Geheimnis des Carlo Cavelli (English: The Secret of Cavelli) is a 1934 drama film directed  by Erich Engel. The English-language version was released in the UK between 1935 and 1939, and in the US in 1939. An outstanding specimen of the genre of the Wiener Film, this story of love set in the Austrian officer classes was one of the most successful German-language film releases of 1935. The English-language version was released in the UK between 1935 and 1939, and in the US in 1939.
1960 South African republic referendum
A referendum on becoming a republic was held in South Africa on 5 October 1960. The Afrikaner-dominated right-wing National Party, which had come to power in 1948, was avowedly republican and regarded the position of Queen Elizabeth II as the South African monarch as a relic of British imperialism. The National Party government subsequently organised the referendum on whether the then Union of South Africa should become a republic. The vote, which was restricted to whites—the first such national election in the union—was narrowly approved by 52.29% of the voters. The Republic of South Africa was constituted on 31 May 1961.

Monarchy of South Africa
From 1910 to 1961 the Union of South Africa was a self-governing country that shared a monarch with the United Kingdom and other Dominions of the British Empire. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the governor-general of the Union of South Africa.

The South Africa Act 1909 united four British colonies: Cape of Good Hope, Natal, Orange River Colony and Transvaal, to form the Union of South Africa with the monarch as its head of state. In 1947, King George VI became the first reigning monarch to visit South Africa. His successor, Queen Elizabeth II was granted a distinct South African style and title by the Parliament of South Africa in 1953.

South Africa became a republic and left the Commonwealth on 31 May 1961. On 1 June 1994, South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth as a republic, after the end of apartheid.
The Test of Fire of Moses (Giorgione)
The Test of Fire of Moses is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Giorgione created c. 1502–1505. It is housed in the Galleria degli Uffizi of Florence.

The work is dimensionally and thematically similar to its Pendant painting The Judgement of Solomon, also in the Uffizi, and is dated to the years immediately after Giorgione's moving to Venice.

The episode is taken from the Talmud, and was probably commissioned by an acculturated person who was not entirely following to the official Roman Catholic positions.

The horizontal setting is similar to that in Giovanni Bellini's Holy Allegory, also in the Uffizi, and allows the painter to give importance to the landscape. In the latter's care for detail are evident influences from Northern Europe painting.

Giorgione
Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco (Venetian: Zorzi; 1470s – 17 September 1510), known as Giorgione, was an Italian painter of the Venetian school during the High Renaissance, who died in his thirties. He is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work, though only about six surviving paintings are firmly attributed to him. The uncertainty surrounding the identity and meaning of his work has made Giorgione one of the most mysterious figures in European art.

Together with his younger contemporary Titian, he founded the Venetian school of Italian Renaissance painting, characterised by its use of colour and mood. The school is traditionally contrasted with Florentine painting, which relied on a more linear disegno-led style.
Natural History Museum at Tring
The Natural History Museum at Tring is the private museum of Lionel Walter, 2nd Baron Rothschild; today it is under the control of the Natural History Museum, London. It houses one of the finest collections of stuffed mammals, birds, reptiles and insects in the United Kingdom. It was known as the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum until April 2007. The museum is located on Akeman Street, in Tring, Hertfordshire.

Tring
Tring /trɪŋ/ is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Dacorum, in Hertfordshire, England. It is situated in a gap passing through the Chiltern Hills, classed as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, 30 miles (50 km) from Central London. Tring is linked to London by the Roman road of Akeman Street, the modern A41 road, the Grand Union Canal and the West Coast Main Line to London Euston. Settlements in Tring date back to prehistoric times and it was mentioned in the Domesday Book; the town received its market charter in 1315. Tring is now largely a commuter town within the London commuter belt.
As of 2021, Tring had a population of 12,427.
Sargocentron melanospilos
Sargocentron melanospilos, the blackbotch squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish in the genus of Sargocentron. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region in the Red Sea; Zanzibar, Tanzania; from Aldabra and Seychelles to the Marshall Islands and American Samoa; north to Taiwan, southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, and south to the southern Great Barrier Reef and the Chesterfield Islands. It is a relatively uncommon inhabitant of rocky reefs and coral-rich areas, and is usually seen solitary, but it also forms schools when in deeper water or oceanic areas.

Sargocentron
Sargocentron is a genus of squirrelfish (family Holocentridae) found in tropical parts of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, with the greatest species diversity near reefs in the Indo-Pacific. Being largely or entirely nocturnal, they have relatively large eyes. Red and silvery colours dominate. The preopercle spines (near the gill-opening) are venomous and can give painful wounds. Most have a maximum length of 15–25 cm (6–10 in), but S. iota barely reaches 8 cm (3 in), and S. spiniferum can reach more than 50 cm (20 in).
Miradolo Terme
Miradolo Terme (Western Lombard: Miradò) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 km southeast of Milan and about 25 km east of Pavia.

Miradolo Terme borders the following municipalities: Chignolo Po, Graffignana, Inverno e Monteleone, San Colombano al Lambro, Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, Santa Cristina e Bissone.

Santa Cristina e Bissone
Santa Cristina e Bissone is a comune (municipality) in the province of Pavia, Lombardy, northern Italy, located about 45 km southeast of Milan and about 25 km southeast of Pavia.

Santa Cristina e Bissone borders the following municipalities: Badia Pavese, Chignolo Po, Corteolona e Genzone, Costa de' Nobili, Inverno e Monteleone, Miradolo Terme, Pieve Porto Morone.

The town lies along the Via Francigena.
Gene Colan
Eugene Jules Colan (/ˈkoʊlən/; September 1, 1926 – June 23, 2011) was an American comic book artist best known for his work for Marvel Comics, where his signature titles include the superhero series Daredevil, the cult-hit satiric series Howard the Duck, and The Tomb of Dracula, considered one of comics' classic horror series. He co-created the Falcon, the first African-American superhero in mainstream comics; Carol Danvers, who would become Ms. Marvel and Captain Marvel; and the non-costumed, supernatural vampire hunter Blade.

Colan was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2005.

DC Comics insert previews
DC Comics insert previews were 16-page comic book stories inserted into issues of existing DC Comics series to promote new series usually debuting the next month. Running from 1980 to 1985, they consisted of a front cover, 14 pages of story, and a back cover that depicted the cover of the actual first issue. The addition of the insert did not entail an increase in the price of the comic book, and the cover copy called the insert "a special free 16-page comic!"
Helgelandsmoen
Helgelandsmoen is a village located  in Buskerud, Norway.

Helgelandsmoen is situated in Hole on the border between Norderhov in Ringerike. The village had 551 residents as of 1 January 2014,  located mainly in the Hole, but extends partially into neighboring Ringerike. The village was the site of Helgelandsmoen Leir, a former military camp. The Army base was established in 1868 to house the 2nd Akershus Infantry Brigade  (Akershusske Infanteribrigade).  Helgelandsmoen Leir was closed in  2004. Helgelandsmoen Industrial  AS (Helgelandsmoen Næringspark) is an industrial park located on the site of the former army camp.  The property, which includes a hotel, restaurant, conference and exhibition center, is located beside the Storelva River, about eight kilometers south of Hønefoss.

Hole, Norway
Hole is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Ringerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vik. Hole is located around lake Tyrifjorden and extends to the woodland around Oslo. The soil is fertile and suited to growing fruit, berries and other agricultural products.

The municipality of Hole was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The annex of Tyristrand was separated from Hole on 1 July 1916 to become a municipality of its own. The municipality of Hole was merged into the neighboring municipality of Ringerike in 1964, however, this merger ended in 1977 when Hole was restored as a separate municipality.

Infrastructure: the road (E16) between Sandvika and Hønefoss has been Norway's most deadly, for the ten-year period that ended in 2021; nine people died.
Medal of Honour (Hong Kong)
The Medal of Honour (Chinese: 榮譽勳章; MH) is part of the honours system in Hong Kong. It was created in 1997 to replace the British honours system after the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China and the establishment of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Medal of Honour is the entry level award under the Hong Kong honours system and is awarded for community service in a district or in a particular area for a long period of time. It may also be awarded to civil servants for serving with distinction.

This medal essentially replaced the Order of the British Empire prior to 1 July 1997.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong
The existing Hong Kong honours system was created after the transfer of government of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China as a special administrative region in 1997. Before that, Hong Kong was a British dependent territory and followed the British honours system.

The Hong Kong SAR government releases an annual Honours List, which is published in the Government Gazette on Establishment Day (1 July).
Sechseläutenplatz
Sechseläutenplatz (literally: Sechseläuten square) is the largest town square situated in Zurich, Switzerland. Its name derives from the Sechseläuten (the city's traditional spring holiday), which is celebrated on the square in April.

Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich
Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich are pile dwelling sites located around Lake Zurich in the cantons of Schwyz, St. Gallen and Zurich.

The article focuses on the nine Lake Zurich sites that are among the 111 sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps established in 2011. Fifty-six of the 111 UNESCO World Heritage pile dwelling sites are located in Switzerland and nine thereof are located on the Lake Zurich seashore. The article also includes one UNESCO World Heritage site at the nearby Greifensee and one UNESCO World Heritage site at the Pfäffikersee.

The 11 sites described here are only a selection, just like the 111 UNESCO World Heritage sites are only a selection of more than 900 known sites of prehistoric pile dwellings in the Alpine region.
Clara Barton National Historic Site
The Clara Barton National Historic Site, which includes the Clara Barton House, was established in 1974 to interpret the life of Clara Barton (1821–1912), an American pioneer teacher, nurse, and humanitarian who was the founder of the American Red Cross. The site is located 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of Washington, D.C., in Glen Echo, Maryland.

The United States National Historic Site protects 9 acres (0.04 km2) of land at her Glen Echo home including the 38-room former residence of Barton. The site is managed by the George Washington Memorial Parkway, a unit of the National Park Service. The first national historic site dedicated to the accomplishments of a woman, it preserves the early history of the American Red Cross and the last home of its founder. Barton spent the last 15 years of her life in her Glen Echo home (1897–1912), and it served as an early headquarters of the American Red Cross as well.

Clara Barton
Clarissa Harlowe "Clara" Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and a patent clerk. Since nursing education was not then very formalized and she did not attend nursing school, she provided self-taught nursing care. Barton is noteworthy for doing humanitarian work and civil rights advocacy at a time before women had the right to vote. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1973.
Rallying
Rallying is a wide-ranging form of motorsport with various competitive motoring elements such as speed tests (sometimes called "rally racing" in United States), navigation tests, or the ability to reach waypoints or a destination at a prescribed time or average speed. Rallies may be short in the form of trials at a single venue, or several thousand miles long in an extreme endurance rally.

Depending on the format, rallies may be organised on private or public roads, open or closed to traffic, or off-road in the form of cross country or rally-raid. Competitors can use production vehicles which must be road-legal if being used on open roads or specially built competition vehicles suited to crossing specific terrain.

In most cases rallying distinguishes itself from other forms of motorsport by not running directly against other competitors over laps of a circuit, but instead in a point-to-point format in which participants leave at regular intervals from one or more start points.

Rally raid
Rally raid is a type of off-road motorsport event competed with different types of vehicles. Along with shorter baja rallies, rally raid constitutes cross-country rallying. Both the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) co-organise a common World Rally-Raid Championship featuring the same events and types of vehicles.

The length of a rally raid can be as short as 2–3 days to as long as 15 days with marathon rally raids like the Dakar Rally. With skill in navigation being key, the driving skill and endurance of riders, drivers, co-drivers, and machines are put to the test. The total distance covered can be between 600 km to over 5,000 km with terrain ranging from sandy dunes, forest roads, mountain roads, and dry river beds; among others.
Harzer Wandernadel
The Harzer Wandernadel is a system of hiking awards in the Harz mountains in central Germany.  Hikers (or mountain bikers) can earn awards at different levels of challenge by walking to the various checkpoints in the network and stamping their passbooks to record the visit. With 222 checkpoints in three federal states and across five districts in the Harz and with membership in five figures, the system has gained a following Germany-wide.

Jagdkopf (Zorge)
The Jagdkopf a hill, 603.1 m above sea level (NN) high, in the Harz Mountains of Germany. It is located between the villages of Wieda and Zorge in the unincorporated area of Harz in the district of Göttingen in the state of Lower Saxony.
Taro Takemi
Taro Takemi KBE (武見 太郎, Takemi Tarō; 7 August 1904 – 20 December 1983) was a Japanese physician who served as 11th President of the Japan Medical Association for 25 years from 1957 to 1982, and also served as president of the World Medical Association from 1975 to 1976.

Keio University
Keio University (Japanese: 慶應義塾大学, Hepburn: Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (慶應) or Keidai (慶大), is a private research university located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It was originally established as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo. It was granted university status in 1920, becoming one of the first private universities in the country.

Keio University is also one of the member universities of RU11 and APRU, and it is one of two Japanese universities (alongside the University of Tokyo) to be a member of the World Economic Forum's Global University Leaders Forum.
Zerbst Castle
Zerbst Castle (German: Schloss Zerbst) in the town of Zerbst, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany was the residence of the Princes of Anhalt-Zerbst from the late 17th century until the line died out in 1793. It later served as a museum and archive. The building was severely damaged by bombs during the last weeks of World War II and largely demolished afterwards.

Currently a Verein is working to maintain and reconstruct the remaining eastern wing.

Zerbst
Zerbst (German pronunciation: [ˈtsɛʁpst] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until an administrative reform in 2007, Zerbst was the capital of the former Anhalt-Zerbst district.
Burwood, New South Wales
Burwood is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi)  west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of Municipality of Burwood.

Burwood Heights is a separate suburb to the south. The Appian Way is a street in Burwood, known for its architecturally designed Federation-style homes.

Burwood Heights
Burwood Heights is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 10 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district and is situated within the local government area of Municipality of Burwood.

Burwood Heights is a residential suburb with no shops, schools or any public buildings. The postcode is 2136, the same as neighbouring Enfield. Burwood is a separate suburb, to the north.