hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slaughter Stream Cave
Slaughter Stream Cave, also known as Wet Sink, is a cave system in the Wye Valley, Forest of Dean.

A series of fixed ladders and two pitches lead to sporting streamways, sandy crawls and fossil passages. The cave also contains some interesting archaeological finds, many historic bones were found in the cave – the most prominent of which is 'Norman', a dog who was trapped in the cave many years ago and whose footprints and skeleton can be seen in Dog's Graveyard passage.

An episode of the Channel 4 documentary Extreme Archaeology was filmed in this cave.

It is the longest cave system in the Forest of Dean followed by Miss Grace's Lane.

Miss Grace's Lane
Miss Grace's Lane (also known as Miss Grace's Lane Swallett), near Tidenham in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England, is a natural cave system, the entrance to which was excavated between 1994 and 1997 by members of the Royal Forest of Dean Caving Club (RFDCC).

Entry to the cave is via a locked manhole cover, the keys to which are held by the RFDCC, which has an access agreement with the landowners, the Forestry Commission. A 30-metre (98 ft) shaft with a fixed ladder gives access to the first chamber known as "Autumn Frenzy".

The cave is approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long and is the second-longest cave in the Forest of Dean area, the longest being Slaughter Stream Cave at 13 kilometres (8.1 mi).
Early texts of Shakespeare's works
The earliest texts of William Shakespeare's works were published during the 16th and 17th centuries in quarto or folio format. Folios are large, tall volumes; quartos are smaller, roughly half the size. The publications of the latter are usually abbreviated to Q1, Q2, etc., where the letter stands for "quarto" and the number for the first, second, or third edition published.

Beaumont and Fletcher folios
The Beaumont and Fletcher folios are two large folio collections of the stage plays of John Fletcher and his collaborators. The first was issued in 1647, and the second in 1679. The two collections were important in preserving many works of English Renaissance drama.
Bangor Cathedral
Bangor Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Bangor) is the cathedral church of Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. It is dedicated to its founder, Saint Deiniol.

The site of the present building of Bangor Cathedral has been in use as a place of Christian worship since the sixth century. The cathedral was built on a low-lying and inconspicuous site, possibly so as not to attract the attention of Viking raiders from the sea in ancient times.

Gruffudd ap Cynan
Gruffudd ap Cynan (c. 1055–1137) was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until his death in 1137. In the course of a long and eventful life, he became a key figure in Welsh resistance to Norman rule.

As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great), Gruffudd ap Cynan was a senior member of the princely House of Aberffraw. Through his mother, Gruffudd had close family connections with the Norse settlement around Dublin and he frequently used Ireland as a refuge and as a source of troops. He three times gained the throne of Gwynedd and then lost it again, before regaining it once more in 1099 and this time keeping power until his death. Gruffudd laid the foundations which were built upon by his son Owain Gwynedd and his great-grandson Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great).
Southern front of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
On 24 February 2022, the Russian military invaded Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine  from Russian-occupied Crimea, quickly entering Mykolaiv Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast amid battles with the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Elements from the southern Russian offensive joined forces with elements advancing from the Donbas to jointly surround and bombard the city of Mariupol in Donetsk Oblast, which fell after months of siege.

Kherson was surrounded two days into the war, after which Russian forces advanced to the outskirts of Mykolaiv, which they failed to capture. The front then stabilised until a Ukrainian offensive in August. Ukrainian forces retook all of the territory west and north of the Dnieper river, and the front stabilised again just south of Kherson in November 2022. Kherson, the only oblast capital captured by Russia after its 2022 invasion, was liberated on 11 November.

22nd Army Corps (Russian Federation)
The 22nd Army Corps (Russian: 22-й армейский корпус, romanized: 22-y Armeyskiy Korpus-в/ч 73954) was a corps of the coastal defence troops of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy. Formed in 2017 after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the corps is headquartered in Simferopol and controls units based in Crimea.

In February and March 2022, the corps played a leading role in the invasion of Ukraine, operating in Southern Ukraine.

In the summer of 2023, the corps was merged with the 40th Army Corps to form the 18th Combined Arms Army and now works under the 18th CAA.
Ob constituency
The Ob constituency (No.182) is a Russian legislative constituency in Tomsk Oblast. The constituency covers southern half of Tomsk and sparsely populated western and central Tomsk Oblast, including oil-mining towns Kedrovy and Strezhevoy. After 2025 redistricting Tomsk Oblast is slated to lose one of its two constituencies, so Ob constituency is going to be dissolved and merged with Tomsk constituency.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Tatyana Solomatina, Member of Legislative Duma of Tomsk Oblast and dermatologist.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Nad Sylvan
Nad Sylvan (born 4 June 1959) is a U.S. born Swedish progressive rock musician and songwriter, who is currently the vocalist in Steve Hackett’s band Genesis Revisited and has also maintained a solo career and collaborations with several other musicians.

West Covina, California
West Covina is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Los Angeles in the eastern San Gabriel Valley, it is part of Greater Los Angeles. The population for the city was 109,501 at the 2020 census.

West Covina is bordered by Covina to the northeast, Baldwin Park and Irwindale to the northwest, La Puente and Valinda to the southwest, Industry to the south, Ramona to the east, and Walnut to the southeast.
Knottwood, Edmonton
Knottwood is a community comprising three neighbourhoods within the southwest portion of Mill Woods in the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Neighbourhoods within the community include Ekota, Menisa and Satoo.

The community is represented by the Knottwood Community League, established in 1977, which maintains a community hall and outdoor rink located on Knottwood Road just south of the Satoo School.

Mill Woods
Mill Woods  is a residential area in the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Located in southeast Edmonton, Mill Woods is bounded by Whitemud Drive (Highway 14) to the north, 91 Street to the west, 34 Street to the east, and Anthony Henday Drive (Highway 216) to the south.  Mill Woods is adjacent to three other residential areas including The Meadows to the east across 34 Street, and Southeast Edmonton and Ellerslie to the south and southwest respectively across Anthony Henday Drive.

The development of Mill Woods began in the early 1970s and was one of the first areas of Edmonton to move away from the grid system, a conventional subdivision process which produced relatively large lots. Mill Woods was deemed an experimental housing project because it was informed by zero lot-line or small-lot housing, a form of housing that is similarly found in older areas of larger cities and focused on urban growth.
Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Carniola (Slovene: Kranjska [ˈkɾàːnska]; German: Krain [kʁaɪn] ⓘ; Italian: Carniola; Hungarian: Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Slovenes living within the former borders of the region still tend to identify with its traditional parts Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola (with the sub-part of White Carniola), and to a lesser degree Inner Carniola. In 1991, 47% of the population of Slovenia lived within the borders of the former Duchy of Carniola.

Slovene Littoral
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

The Slovene Littoral, or simply Littoral (Slovene: Primorska, pronounced [pɾiˈmóːɾska] ⓘ; Italian: Litorale; German: Küstenland), is one of the traditional regions of Slovenia. The littoral in its name – for a coastal-adjacent area – recalls the former Austrian Littoral (Avstrijsko Primorje), the Habsburg possessions on the upper Adriatic coast, of which the Slovene Littoral was part. Today, the Littoral is often associated with the Slovenian ethnic territory that, in the first half of the 20th century, found itself in Italy to the west of the Rapallo Border, which separated a quarter of Slovenes from the rest of the nation, and was strongly influenced by Italian fascism.
Speedway in Poland
Speedway is one of the most popular sports in Poland. The Ekstraliga has the highest average attendances for any sport in Poland. The first meetings in Poland were held in the 1930s.

Speedway in Poland is governed by the Main Commission of Speedway Sport (Główna Komisja Sportu Żużlowego, GKSŻ) which is a part of the Polish Motor Union (Polski Związek Motorowy, PZM). PZM is a member of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) and the Union Européenne de Motocyclisme (UEM).

Main Commission of Speedway Sport
The Main Commission of Speedway Sport (Polish: Główna Komisja Sportu Żużlowego, GKSŻ) is governs the sport of motorcycle speedway on behalf of the Polish Motor Union (PZM). The members are appointed by the PZM. The current chairperson of the council is Piotr Szymański.
FC Santa Coloma
FC Santa Coloma is an Andorran professional football club based in Santa Coloma, parish of Andorra la Vella, that competes in the Primera Divisió. It is the most successful team in both Primera Divisió and Copa Constitució, having won both titles thirteen and ten times respectively.

UE Sant Julià
Unió Esportiva Sant Julià, also known as UE Sant Julià, is an Andorran professional football club based in the parish of Sant Julià de Lòria. The club withdrew from competing in the 2023–24 Segona Divisió season.
Flowers in the Attic
Flowers in the Attic is a 1979 Gothic novel by V. C. Andrews. It is the first book in the Dollanganger series, and was followed by Petals on the Wind, If There Be Thorns, Seeds of Yesterday, Garden of Shadows, Christopher's Diary: Secrets of Foxworth, Christopher's Diary: Echoes of Dollanganger, and Christopher's Diary: Secret Brother. The novel is written in the first person, from the point of view of Cathy Dollanganger. It was twice adapted into films in 1987 and 2014. The book was extremely popular, selling over 4.5 million copies world wide.

Christopher's Diary: Secret Brother
Secret Brother is a 2015 gothic novel accredited to V.C. Andrews published by Pocket Books in paperback and by Simon & Schuster in hardback. The book is the sequel to Christopher's Diary: Echoes of Dollanganger.
La Banque postale
La Banque postale (French pronunciation: [la bɑ̃k pɔstal], lit. 'The Postal Bank') is a French postal bank, created on 1 January 2006 as a subsidiary of La Poste, the national postal service.

It has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.

Postal savings system
Postal savings systems provide depositors who do not have access to banks a safe and convenient method to save money. Many nations have operated banking systems involving post offices to promote saving money among the poor.
Black Hawk War (1865–1872)
The Black Hawk War, or Black Hawk's War, is the name of the estimated 150 battles, skirmishes, raids, and military engagements taking place from 1865 to 1872, primarily between Mormon settlers in Sanpete County, Sevier County and other parts of central and southern Utah, and members of 16 Ute, Southern Paiute, Apache and Navajo tribes, led by a local Ute war chief, Antonga Black Hawk. The conflict resulted in the abandonment of some settlements and hindered Mormon expansion in the region.

The years 1865 to 1867 were by far the most intense of the conflict, though intermittent conflict occurred until federal troops intervened in 1872. The Utah Territory spent $1.5 million on the war (equivalent to $35.43 million in 2024), and later requested reimbursement from the United States Government.

Wakara's War
Wakara's War, also known as Walker's War was a dispute between the Ute people and the Mormon settlers in Utah Valley and surrounding areas. This war is characterized as a string of disputes and skirmishes over property and the land from July 1853 to May 1854. This war was influenced by factors such as religious differences, the slave trade, and the division of the Salt Lake Valley.
Easby Hospital
Easby Hospital is a historic building in Easby, Richmondshire, a village near Richmond, North Yorkshire, in England.

The almshouse was founded in 1732 by the Reverend William Smith, with an endowment of £12.  It housed four poor people, and in Smith's instructions to his heirs, he ordered that two of the rooms should in future be used to house a schoolteacher.  In 1818, the building was modified to house only two people.  In the 20th century, it was converted into a single house.  The building was grade II listed in 1969.

The building is in stone on a chamfered plinth, with chamfered rusticated quoins a moulded cornice, and a stone slate roof with stone copings and shaped kneelers.  There is a single storey and four bays.  The doorways have stone surrounds, and the windows have two lights and flat-faced mullions.  In the centre is a panel in an architrave, with an inscription and the date.

Easby, Richmondshire
Easby  is a hamlet and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated near Richmond on the banks of the River Swale, approximately 12 miles (19 km) north west from the county town of Northallerton. The population taken by ONS was less than 100. Population information is included in the parish of Hudswell.
Takane, Yamanashi
Takane (高根町, Takane-chō) was a town located in Kitakoma District, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,579 and a density of 148.14 persons per km2. The total area was 64.66 km2.

On November 1, 2004, Takane, along with the towns of Hakushū, Nagasaka and Sutama, and the villages of Akeno, Mukawa and Ōizumi (all from Kitakoma District), was merged to create the city of Hokuto.

Hokuto, Yamanashi
Hokuto (北杜市, Hokuto-shi) is a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020,  the city had an estimated population of 45,684  in 22,091 households, and a population density of 78 inhabitants per square kilometre (200/sq mi). The total area of the city is 602.48 square kilometres (232.62 sq mi).
Wombourne
Wombourne is a major village and civil parish located in the district of South Staffordshire, in the county of Staffordshire, England. It is 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Wolverhampton and on the border with the West Midlands county.

Wombourne has a parish council. At the 2001 census, it had a population of 13,691, which increased to 14,157 at the 2011 Census.

Smestow Brook
The Smestow Brook, sometimes called the River Smestow, is a small river that plays an important part in the drainage of Wolverhampton, South Staffordshire, and parts of Dudley in the United Kingdom, and has contributed to the industrial development of the Black Country. It is the most important tributary of the River Stour, Worcestershire and part of the River Severn catchment.
Harghita Mountains
The Harghita Mountains (in Hungarian Hargita, in Romanian Munții Harghita) is a volcanic mountain range of the Căliman-Harghita Mountains in Harghita County of Romania, part of the Inner Eastern Carpathians.

The range is about 80 kilometres (50 mi) long and 20 km (12 mi) wide, and is the "largest andesite mass" and the "largest volcanic body in the whole of Europe".

Its tallest peak is Harghita Mădăraș (Madarasi Hargita), at 1,801 m (5,909 ft).

Divisions of the Carpathians
Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian Mountains system.

Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from western Europe all the way to southern Asia, and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually classified as "units". The main divisions are shown in the map on the right.

To generalize, there are three major provinces (regions): Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, and the Southern Carpathians.
2019 Bulgarian local elections
The first round of the local elections for mayors and municipal councilors on both the local and provincial level in Bulgaria were held on 27 October 2019. The second round of the election took place on 3 November, as per the decree signed by the President of Bulgaria. 6,227,901 Bulgarians were included on the voter lists and were eligible to vote, a 136,000 voter reduction compared to the 2015 local elections.

Following the final results, the results on the provincial level showed that the ruling GERB party had lost 6 mayorships in comparison to the previous election. The Socialist Party gained four, the Bulgaria for Citizens movement gained one, the Movement for Rights and Freedoms kept their previous result by obtaining one each, and two independent candidates were elected.

Arena Sofia
Arena 8888 Sofia (Bulgarian: Арена София, [ɐˈrɛnə ˈsɔfijə]) is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in Sofia, Bulgaria. Opened in July 2011, it has a seating capacity of 12,373. It was formerly called Arena Armeets after the Bulgarian insurance company Armeets purchased the naming rights, until the sponsorship was terminated in October 2022.

Designed as a universal hall for cultural events and sports, the arena could host up to 30 types of sports, including basketball, volleyball, handball, futsal, boxing, tennis, weightlifting, fencing and gymnastics competitions, as well as concerts with a maximum capacity of 17,906. There are 887 parking lots, 614 of them placed in a central exterior parking, 231 placed in near streets and 42 designated for disabled people.
Düsseldorf-Grafenberg
Grafenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁaːfn̩bɛʁk]) is an urban quarter of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 7. It borders to Gerresheim, Ludenberg, Flingern and Düsseltal. It has an area of 0.91 km2 (0.35 sq mi), and 5,845 inhabitants (2020).

Grafenberg is one of the smallest quarters in Düsseldorf. It is a green area and an expensive place to live (but not as expensive as e.g. Oberkassel).

Düsseltal
Düsseltal (German pronunciation: [ˈdʏsl̩ˌtaːl], lit. 'Düssel Valley') is a quarter of Düsseldorf within Borough 2, it is known for its relatively well-off population and developed around an old convent. It is also known as Düsseldorf-Zoo (after Düsseltal's S-Bahn station), because, until 1943, there was a zoological garden in Düsseltal.  The word Düsseltal is German for the valley of the river Düssel.
Lake Norden, South Dakota
Lake Norden is a city in Hamlin County, South Dakota, United States. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 554 at the 2020 census.

Lake Norden was laid out in 1908, and named after a lake near the town site.

In May 2023, a fire destroyed the city's volunteer fire department.

Watertown micropolitan area, South Dakota
The Watertown Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in South Dakota, anchored by the city of Watertown. As of the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 31,437 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 31,922).
Sir Roger Manwood's School
Sir Roger Manwood's School is a grammar school located in the medieval town of Sandwich, Kent, England. Founded in 1563, it is one of the oldest schools in Britain and the third oldest state grammar school in Kent. Originally an all-boys school, the school became co-educational in 1982 and welcomed boarders until 2020. It now solely operates as a day school.

Sandwich, Kent
Sandwich is a town and civil parish in the Dover District of Kent, south-east England. It lies on the River Stour and has a population of 4,985. Sandwich was one of the Cinque Ports and still has many original medieval buildings, including several listed public houses and gates in the old town walls, churches, almshouses and the White Mill. While it was once a major port, Sandwich is now 2 miles (3 km) from the sea due to the disappearance of the Wantsum Channel. Its historic centre has been preserved. Sandwich Bay is home to nature reserves and two world-class golf courses, Royal St George's and Prince's. The town is also a home to many educational and cultural events. Sandwich also gave its name to the food by way of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, and the word sandwich is now found in several languages.
Dușan Pârvulovici
Dușan Pârvulovici (born 6 July 1966; Serbian: Душан Првуловић / Dušan Prvulović) is one of the main figures of the movement for the minority rights of the Timok Vlachs. This community lives in the Timok Valley, a region in Serbia where they lack churches and schools in their native Romanian language and are sometimes regarded as part of the Romanians. Pârvulovici has led and founded several organizations for human rights and for the emancipation of the Timok Vlachs, notably the Committee for Human Rights Negotin, the Federation of the Romanians of Serbia and the news agency Timoc Press. Serbian justice issued trials and criminal cases against Pârvulovici since 2005, and he was jailed for a year and a half in 2021, prompting a strong backlash from Romania.

Vlachs of Serbia
The Vlachs (Romanian: rumâń; Serbian: Власи, romanized: Vlasi) are a Romanian-speaking recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, there were 21,013 Vlachs living in Serbia (constituting 0.3% of the total population), although unofficial estimates by members of the community put the number of Vlachs or speakers of Romanian in eastern Serbia to be between 150,000 and 300,000. They are concentrated in eastern Serbia, mainly within the Timok Valley.

The Vlachs are characterized by a culture that has preserved archaic and ancient elements in matters such as language or customs. Although ethnographically and linguistically related to the Romanians, within the Vlach community there are divergences on whether or not they belong to the Romanian ethnicity and whether or not their minority should be amalgamated with the Romanian ethnic minority in Serbia.