hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seeing Voices
Seeing Voices: A Journey Into the World of the Deaf is a 1989 book by neurologist Oliver Sacks. The book covers a variety of topics in Deaf studies, including sign language, the neurology of deafness, the history of the treatment of Deaf Americans, and linguistic and social challenges facing the Deaf community. It also contains an eyewitness account of the March 1988 Deaf President Now student protest at Gallaudet University, the only liberal arts college for deaf and hard of hearing in the world. Seeing Voices was Sacks' fifth book.

Deaf President Now
Deaf President Now (DPN) was a student protest in March 1988 at Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C. The protest began on March 6, 1988, when the Board of Trustees announced its decision to appoint a hearing candidate, Elisabeth Zinser, over the Deaf candidates, Irving King Jordan and Harvey Corson, as its seventh president.

Gallaudet students, backed by a number of alumni, staff, and faculty, shut down the campus. Protesters barricaded gates, burned effigies, and gave interviews to the press demanding four specific concessions from the Board. The protest ended on March 13, 1988, after all four demands were met including the appointment of I. King Jordan, a deaf person, as university president. Additionally, many new laws and government recognitions were set in place due to the influence of the protest.
Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported as of June 2025 have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star.

Astronomical transit
In astronomy, a transit (or astronomical transit) is the passage of a celestial body directly between a larger body and the observer. As viewed from a particular vantage point, the transiting body appears to move across the face of the larger body, covering a small portion of it.

The word "transit" refers to cases where the nearer object appears smaller than the more distant object. Cases where the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object are known as occultations.

However, the probability of seeing a transiting planet is low because it is dependent on the alignment of the three objects in a nearly perfectly straight line. Many parameters of  a planet and its parent star can be determined based on the transit.
Konrad the Curly
Konrad the Curly (Polish: Konrad Kędzierzawy; c. 1198 – 4 September 1213), was a Polish prince member of the Piast dynasty in his Silesian branch.

He was the third son of Henry I the Bearded, Duke of Wrocław, by his wife (and later Saint) Hedwig, daughter of Berthold IV, Duke of Merania.

Hedwig of Silesia
Hedwig of Silesia (also Hedwig of Andechs, German: Heilige Hedwig von Andechs, Silesian: Śwjynto Hyjdla, Latin: Hedvigis; 1174 – 15 October 1243), a member of the Bavarian comital House of Andechs, was Duchess of Silesia from 1201 and of Greater Poland from 1231 as well as High Duchess consort of Poland from 1232 until 1238.  She was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1267 by Pope Clement IV.
London 2 North East
Counties 1 Eastern Counties (formerly London 2 North East) is an English level 7 Rugby Union League. When this division began in 1987 it was known as London 3 North East, changing to its current name ahead of the 2009–10 season. Following the RFU's Adult Competition Review, from season 2022–23 it adopted its current name Counties 1 Eastern Counties.

The current champions are Norwich.

Colchester RFC
Colchester Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union club based in Colchester, Essex. The first XV team play in Regional 1 South East at level 5 in the English rugby union system, following their relegation from the 2024–25 National League 2 East.
Border Guard (Poland)
The Polish Border Guard (Polish: Straż Graniczna, SG) is a border security agency tasked with patrolling the Polish border. It existed in the Second Republic era from 1928 to 1939 and was reestablished in the modern-day Third Republic in 1990, going into operation the following year. During the communist era lasting from 1945 to 1989, the role of the border guard was carried out by the Border Protection Troops (Wojska Ochrony Pogranicza).

Borders of Poland
The borders of Poland are 3,511 km (2,182 mi) or 3,582 km (2,226 mi) long. The neighboring countries are Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia to the northeast. To the north, Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea.

Breakdown of border lengths per entity:

Czech Republic–Poland border: 796 km (495 mi) or 790 km (490 mi)

Poland–Slovakia border: 541 km (336 mi) or 539 km (335 mi)

Poland–Ukraine border: 535 km (332 mi) or 529 km (329 mi)

Germany–Poland border: 467 km (290 mi)

Belarus–Poland border: 418 km (260 mi) or 416 km (258 mi)

Poland–Russia border (Kaliningrad Oblast): 210 km (130 mi)

Lithuania–Poland border: 104 km (65 mi) or 103 km (64 mi)

sea (Baltic Sea): 440 km (270 mi) or 528 km (328 mi)

The Polish coastline is 770 km (480 mi) long.
Hoàng Liên National Park
Hoang Lien National Park (Vietnamese: Vườn quốc gia Hoàng Liên, also known as Hoàng Liên Sơn, Dãy Hoàng Liên) is a national park within Hoang Lien Son Range, in the districts of Sa Pa and Than Uyên of Lào Cai Province, and part of Phong Thổ District in Lai Châu Province in Northern Vietnam. Its area is 68,569 hectares (264.75 sq mi) with terrain mostly between 1,000 and 3,000 meters above sea level.

The national park was established according to the Decision number 90/2002/QĐ-TTg  dated 12 July 2006 by the government of Vietnam. This decision turned the Nature Reserve into a National Park. Hoang Lien National Park is recognized as a part of ASEAN Heritage Parks and a Centre of Plant Diversity in the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Plant Conservation Program.

Fansipan
Fansipan (Vietnamese: Phan Xi Păng IPA: [fān.ʂī.pɐ̄ŋ], listenⓘ) is a mountain in Vietnam. Its height was originally measured at 3,143 metres (10,312 ft) in 1909, but this value was later adjusted to 3,147.3 metres (10,326 ft). It is the highest mountain on the Indochinese peninsula (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia), hence its nickname, "the Roof of Indochina". It is located in the Lào Cai province of the Northwest region of Vietnam, nine kilometres (5+1⁄2 miles) southwest of Sa Pa, in the Hoang Lien Son mountain range. Administratively, it is shared between Tam Đường District, Lai Châu and Sa Pa town.
Christian communism
Christian communism is a theological view that the teachings of Jesus compel Christians to support religious communism. Although there is no universal agreement on the exact dates when communistic ideas and practices in Christianity began, many Christian communists argue that evidence from the Bible suggests that the first Christians, including the Apostles in the New Testament, established their own small communist society in the years following Jesus' death and resurrection. Many advocates of Christian communism and other communists, including Karl Kautsky, argue that it was taught by Jesus and practised by the apostles themselves. This position is also held by historians studying early Christianity.

There are individuals who view the early Christian Church, such as the one described in the Acts of the Apostles, as an early form of communism or Christian socialism. They believe that communism was Christianity in practice and that Jesus was the first communist.

Religious communism
Religious communism is a form of communism that incorporates religious principles. Scholars have used the term to describe a variety of social or religious movements throughout history that have favored the common ownership of property. There are many historical and ideological similarities between religious communism and Liberation Theology.
Langlands program
In mathematics,  the Langlands program is a set of conjectures about connections between number theory, the theory of automorphic forms, and geometry. It was proposed by the Canadian mathematician Robert Langlands (1967, 1970). It seeks to relate the structure of Galois groups in algebraic number theory to automorphic forms and, more generally, the representation theory of algebraic groups over local fields and adeles.

Stephen Gelbart
Stephen Samuel Gelbart (Hebrew: סטיבן סמואל גלברט; born June 12, 1946) is an American-Israeli mathematician who holds the Nicki and J. Ira Harris Professorial Chair in mathematics at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. He was named a fellow of the American Mathematical Society in 2013 "for contributions to the development and dissemination of the Langlands program."
ISO 639:o
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with O.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:h
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with H.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
XECOPA-AM
XECOPA-AM (La Voz de los Vientos – "The Voice of the Winds") is an indigenous community radio station that broadcasts in Spanish, Zoque and Tzotzil from Copainalá, in the Mexican state of Chiapas. It is run by the Cultural Indigenist Broadcasting System (SRCI) of the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (CDI). The station first came on the air on 17 July 1997.

Tzotzil language
Tzotzil (/ˈ(t)soʊtsɪl/; Batsʼi kʼop [ɓatsʼi kʼopʰ]) is a Maya language spoken by the Indigenous Tzotzil Maya people in the Mexican state of Chiapas.  Some speakers may be somewhat bilingual in Spanish, but many are monolingual Tzotzil speakers. In Central Chiapas, some primary schools and a secondary school are taught in Tzotzil. Tzeltal is the most closely related language to Tzotzil and together they form a Tzeltalan sub-branch of the Mayan language family.  Tzeltal, Tzotzil and Chʼol are the most widely spoken languages in Chiapas besides Spanish.

There are six dialects of Tzotzil with varying degrees of mutual intelligibility, named after the different regions of Chiapas where they are spoken: Chamula, Zinacantán, San Andrés Larráinzar, Huixtán, Chenalhó, and Venustiano Carranza.
William Prideaux Courtney
William Prideaux Courtney (1845–1913) was a British biographer and civil servant. Writing as W. P. C., he was a contributor to the first edition of the Dictionary of National Biography. He was the brother of Leonard Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith (1832–1918), and John Mortimer Courtney (1838–1920). As an administrator he worked for the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

Leonard Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith
Leonard Henry Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith PC (6 July 1832 – 11 May 1918) was a radical British politician, and an academic, who became famous after being advocate of proportional representation in Parliament and acting as an opponent of imperialism and militarism.

He was a member of William Ewart Gladstone's second administration from 1880 to 1883 and served as Chairman of Ways and Means (Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons) between 1886 and 1893. He was the first and the last Baron Courtney of Penwith.
Elizabeth Swados
Elizabeth Swados (February 5, 1951 – January 5, 2016) was an American writer, composer, musician, choreographer, and theatre director. Swados received Tony Award nominations for Best Musical, Best Direction of a Musical, Best Book of a Musical, Best Original Score, and Best Choreography. She was nominated for Drama Desk Awards for Outstanding Director of a Musical, Outstanding Lyrics, and Outstanding Music, and won an Obie Award for her direction of Runaways in 1978. In 1980, the Hobart and William Smith Colleges awarded her an honorary doctorate in Humane Letters.

My Depression (The Up and Down and Up of It)
My Depression (The Up and Down and Up of It) is a 2014 animated short film based on My Depression: A Picture Book by Elizabeth Swados. The film was written and directed by Swados, Robert Marianetti and David Wachtenheim, and featured the voices of Sigourney Weaver, Steve Buscemi and Fred Armisen. Distributed by HBO, My Depression was premiered at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival and competed in Best Documentary (Short Film).
Graafland, South Holland
Graafland is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 13 km northwest of Gorinchem.

The statistical area "Graafland", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 280.

Molenlanden
Molenlanden (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmoːlə(n)ˌlɑndə(n)]) is a municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 by merging the municipalities of Giessenlanden en Molenwaard. It is located east of Rotterdam along and south of the Lek. The World Heritage Site of Kinderdijk is in the municipality. Its largest population centers are Nieuw-Lekkerland and Giessenburg.

The municipality includes the settlements of Arkel, Bleskensgraaf, Brandwijk, De Donk, Gelkenes, Gijbeland, Giessen-Oudekerk, Giessenburg, Goudriaan, Graafland, Groot-Ammers, Hofwegen Hoogblokland, Hoornaar, Kinderdijk, Kooiwijk, Langerak, Liesveld, Molenaarsgraaf, Nieuw-Lekkerland, Nieuwpoort, Noordeloos, Ottoland, Oud-Alblas, Schelluinen, Streefkerk, Vuilendam, Waal, and Wijngaarden.
Toon van Driel
Toon van Driel (born 16 February 1945, Amsterdam) is a Dutch cartoonist, comics writer and comics artist, best known for his comics series F.C. Knudde, about an incompetent association football team, and De Stamgasten, which features anthropomorphic animals telling corny jokes in a bar. He is the winner of the 1988 Stripschapprijs. Van Driel was also the original writer of Eric Schreurs' comic strip Joop Klepzeiker.

Stripschapprijs
The Stripschapprijs is a Dutch prize awarded to comic creators for their entire body of work. It is awarded annually by the Stripschap, the Dutch Society of comics fans, since 1974. The prize is non-pecuniary, but is considered the most important award for comics in the country.
2015–16 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team
The 2015–16 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by head coach Shaka Smart who was in his first year. The team played their home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas, and were members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 20–13, 11–7 in Big 12 play, to finish in fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big 12 tournament to Baylor. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the first round to Northern Iowa on a half-court buzzer-beater from Northern Iowas’s Paul Jesperson.

2015–16 Baylor Bears basketball team
The 2015–16 Baylor Bears basketball team represented Baylor University in the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. This was head coach Scott Drew's thirteenth season at Baylor. The Bears competed in the Big 12 Conference and played their home games at the Ferrell Center. They finished the season 22–12, 10–8 in Big 12 play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They defeated Texas in the quarterfinal of the Big 12 tournament to advance to the semifinals where they lost to Kansas. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the first round to Yale.
CD Tudelano
Club Deportivo Tudelano is a Spanish football team based in Tudela, in the autonomous community of Navarre. Founded in 1935 it plays in Segunda Federación – Group 2, holding home matches at Estadio Ciudad de Tudela, with a capacity of 11,000 seats.

Estadio Ciudad de Tudela
The Estadio Ciudad de Tudela, formerly Estadio José Antonio Elola, is a multi-use stadium located in Tudela, Navarre, Spain.

It is used for football matches and is the home stadium of CD Tudelano. It has a 11,000-spectator capacity.  The stadium was inaugurated on August 17, 1969.
Chilean National History Award
The Chilean National History Award (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Historia), part of the National Prize of Chile, is an award given for contributions to the historiography of Chilean history. It was first awarded in 1974, is given every two years, and includes a sum of 13,186,565 Chilean pesos plus a pension of 20 Unidad Tributaria Mensual.

National Prize of Chile
The National Prize of Chile (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Chile) is the collective name given to a set of awards granted by the government of Chile through the Ministry of Education and, as of 2003, by the National Council of Culture and the Arts. They are presented by the President of the Republic at an official ceremony held at La Moneda Palace.
Aspin Hill Memorial Park
Aspin Hill Memorial Park, also known as Aspin Hill Pet Cemetery, is a pet cemetery located in Aspen Hill, Maryland, at the intersection of Georgia Avenue and Aspen Hill Road, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) north of Washington, D.C.  The cemetery contains more than 50,000 pet burials, and more than 50 human burials. Aspin Hill Memorial Park is a designated individual site on Montgomery County, Maryland's Master Plan for Preservation.

Established in 1920, it is the fifth oldest pet cemetery in continuous operation in the United States. Hartsdale Pet Cemetery, established in 1896, is the oldest, followed by Pine Ridge Pet Cemetery (1907), Francisvale Home for Smaller Animals Pet Cemetery (1909), and Hillside Acre Animal Cemetery at Nevins Farm (1917).

Pet cemetery
A pet cemetery is a cemetery for pets. Although the veneration and burial of beloved pets has been practiced since ancient times, burial grounds reserved specifically for animals were not common until the late 19th century.
Voss Municipality
Voss (pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The municipality is located in the traditional district of Voss. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Vossavangen. Other villages include Bolstadøyri, Borstrondi, Djønno, Evanger, Granvin, Kvitheim, Klyve, Kvitheim, Kyte, Mjølfjell, Nordheim, Oppheim, Stalheim, Vinje, and Ygre.

The 2,042-square-kilometre (788 sq mi) municipality is the 35th largest by area of Norway's 357 municipalities. Voss Municipality is Norway's 77th most populous municipality, with a population of 16,436. Its population density is 8 inhabitants per square kilometre (21/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.2% over the previous 10-year period.

Borstrondi
Borstrondi or Skulestadmoen is a village in Voss Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the municipal centre, Vossavangen. The lake Melsvatnet lies just east of the village and the village of Kvitheim lies on the opposite side of the lake.

The 1.15-square-kilometre (280-acre) village has a population (2025) of 1,465 and a population density of 1,274 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,300/sq mi).
GAC Toyota
GAC Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 广汽丰田汽车有限公司) is an automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Guangzhou, China and a joint-venture between GAC Group and Toyota Motor Company
for manufacturing Toyota's model platform in the Chinese market.
It was founded on 1 September 2004.

Toyota Venza
The Toyota Venza is a five-passenger mid-size crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Toyota primarily for the North American market, beginning with its introduction in 2008 and now in its second generation — with a hiatus for model years 2018–2020.

The first-generation Venza was based on the XV40 series Camry platform and marketed between 2008 and 2017 — and shared the platform with the AL10 series Lexus RX. The second-generation model is a rebadged Japanese-market XU80 series Harrier and has been sold since September 2020.

The name "Venza" is a mix of "Venture" and "Monza."
Expo 2015 pavilions
This article contains the details of the pavilions in Expo 2015.  The 2015 World Expo Milan covers more than 2.9 square kilometers and contains more than 70 exposition pavilions. More than 145 countries and 50 international organizations registered to participate in the 2015 Milan Expo.

Expo 2015
Expo 2015 was a World Expo hosted by Milan, Italy. It opened on May 1, 2015 at 10:00 CEST and closed on October 31, 2015. This was the second time Milan hosted an exposition; the first time was the 1906 Milan International.

The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) general assembly in Paris decided in favour of Milan on March 31, 2008. On November 23, 2010, the event was announced by the BIE. Expo 2015's theme was "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life".
Chen Gang (composer)
Chen Gang (Chinese: 陈钢; pinyin: Chén Gāng; born 10 March 1935) is a Chinese composer best known for his work Butterfly Lovers' Violin Concerto. He is the son of songwriter Chen Gexin. Chen Gang started to learn piano and composition from his father and music teachers from a young age.

From 1955 to 1959, Chen Gang was a student at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, studying composition. In 1959, Chen Gang, together with another student, He Zhanhao, composed the violin concerto Butterfly Lovers.

The violin concerto won five Golden Record prizes as well as a Platinum Record prize. The Concerto has also achieved enormous international success. Chen is a professor at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music.

In his composition career, he composed and recomposed many classics in China, including Butterfly Lovers, Miaolin's Morning, and The Golden Steel Smelting Furnace. He also composed a virtuoso violin solo piece: Sunshine in Tashkurgan, which is frequently performed in China.

Chen Gexin
Chen Gexin (Chinese: 陳歌辛; pinyin: Chén Gēxīn; Wade–Giles: Ch'en Ko-hsin; September 19, 1914 – January 25, 1961) was a Chinese popular music songwriter. He also used the pen names Lín Méi (林枚) and Qìng Yú (慶餘). Chen Gexin was beaten to death in his sleep during the Anti-Rightist Campaign.
Public Works Department (Bangladesh)
The Public Works Department (Bengali: গণপূর্ত অধিদপ্তর), also known as PWD, is a government department responsible for the construction of buildings and structures of government organisation and agencies in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is under the Ministry of Housing and Public Works. Most of the works done by the department are designed by the Department of Architecture.

Ministry of Housing and Public Works
The  Ministry of Housing and Public Works (Bengali: গৃহায়ন ও গণপূর্ত মন্ত্রণালয়; Gr̥hāẏana ō gaṇapūrta mantraṇālaẏa) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for housing policy, urban development, and the regulation and implementation of public construction activities across the country.