hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinese Turkestan
Chinese Turkestan or Chinese Turkistan, is a geographical term or historical region corresponding to the region of the Tarim Basin in Southern Xinjiang (south of the Tian Shan mountain range) or Xinjiang as a whole which was under the rule of the Qing dynasty of China. It is considered a part of the Chinese Tartary that covered the Inner Asian regions ruled by the Qing dynasty. The Europeans commonly used this term especially during the period of the Qing dynasty to denote the division of Turkestan into territories controlled by the Chinese and the Russians, with the latter controlling Russian Turkestan in the west.

Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinjiang or with Xinjiang as a whole), which forms part of China.

Throughout history, the region has been exposed to the invasion of several different groups and kingdoms, including the Huns, Hepthalites, Bactrians, Imperial China, Arab Caliphate,  Hellenistic Macedonian Empire, Achaemenid Empire,  as well as various Turkic states and the Mongol Empire. The Qara Khitai also briefly controlled a significant bulk of Turkestan.
St John the Evangelist Church, Heron's Ghyll
St John's Church or St John the Evangelist Church is a Roman Catholic Parish Church in the Heron's Ghyll settlement of Buxted, East Sussex, England. It was built from 1896 to 1897 and designed by Frederick Walters. It is situated on the A26 road in the centre of Heron's Ghyll. It is a Gothic Revival church and is a Grade II listed building.

Buxted
Buxted is a village and civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex in England. The parish is situated on the Weald, north of Uckfield; the settlements of Five Ash Down, Heron's Ghyll and High Hurstwood are included within its boundaries. At one time its importance lay in the Wealden iron industry, and later it became commercially important in the poultry and egg industry.

The village has both road (the high street is also the A272) and rail links to Uckfield and to London via Oxted.
Evans, New York
Evans is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 16,356 at the 2010 census. The town derives its name from David E. Evans, an agent of the Holland Land Company and nephew of land agent Joseph Ellicott.

The town is approximately 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Buffalo and is a rural community with 12 miles (19 km) of waterfront. The town is located close to the major trading centers of the Northeast and is a bi-national gateway for commerce due to the region's border location with Canada.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Pineland Archeological District
The Pineland Archeological District (also known as Battey's Landing or Battey Place or the Pineland Site) is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on November 27, 1973) located on Pine Island, near Pineland, Florida, and next to Pine Island Sound. The site was occupied by people of the Caloosahatchee culture, known as the Calusa in historic times, from 500 BCE until after 1700. The site includes shell and sand mounds and other structures and prehistoric canals and artificial lakes. It also includes structures from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Pine Island (Lee County, Florida)
Pine Island is the largest island on the Gulf Coast of peninsular Florida in the United States. Located in Lee County, on the Gulf of Mexico coast of southwest Florida, it is also the 118th largest island in the United States. The Intracoastal Waterway passes through Pine Island Sound, to the west of the island. Matlacha Pass runs between Pine Island and the mainland. Pine Island lies west of Cape Coral. For many years, Pine Island was a major commercial fishing community and many of its full-time residents still fish commercially today.
Coral Sea Reserves Ramsar Site
The Coral Sea Reserves Ramsar Site comprises the 17,289 km2 of oceanic island and reef habitats within the former Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve and the former Lihou Reef National Nature Reserve in the Australian Coral Sea Islands Territory.

Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve
Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve is a former nature reserve in Australia’s Coral Sea Islands Territory that was incorporated into the new Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve in December 2012.  The former nature reserve together with the Lihou Reef National Nature Reserve is part of the Coral Sea Reserves Ramsar Site. Its extent is also within the Coringa-Herald Reefs Important Bird Area.
Sophie Gustafson
Sophie Gustafson (born 27 December 1973) is a Swedish professional golfer. She was a member of the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and is a life member of the Ladies European Tour (LET). She has five LPGA Tour and 23 international wins in her career, including victories on five of the six continents on which golf is played: North America, Europe, Australia, Africa and Asia. She is a four-time LET Order of Merit winner and represented Europe in the Solheim Cup on each team from 1998 to 2011. She won the Women's British Open in 2000, the year before it was recognized as a major championship by the LPGA Tour and finished runner-up in 2005 and 2006.

Women's Irish Open
The Women's Irish Open is a professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour (LET), held in Ireland.

The tournament became part of the LET schedule in 1994 and ran for ten editions through 2003. After a four-year hiatus, the tournament was revived again in 2008 as part of the buildup to the 2011 Solheim Cup, scheduled for late September at Killeen Castle in County Meath. Killeen Castle hosted the Ladies Irish Open in early August, the week following the Women's British Open. Last played in 2012, the tournament returned in 2022, now held at Dromoland Castle in County Clare.

At St. Margaret's in 1995, Laura Davies recorded a 72-hole total of 267 (−25), 16 strokes clear of runner-up Åsa Gottmo, setting world records for the lowest aggregate score and the biggest margin of victory in women's professional golf.

Multiple winners are Sophie Gustafson (1998, 2000, 2003, 2010), Suzann Pettersen (2008, 2011) and Laura Davies (1994, 1995).
Wellclose Square
Wellclose Square is a public square in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, between Cable Street to the north and The Highway to the south.

The western edge, now called Ensign Street, was previously called Well Street. The southern edge was called Neptune street. On the north side is Graces Alley, home to Wilton's Music Hall. The centre of the square is occupied by St Paul's Whitechapel Church of England Primary School, the only major building to survive which predates the redevelopment of the square in the 1960s. On the western edge is another primary school.

The Highway, London
The Highway, part of which was formerly known as the Ratcliffe Highway, is a road in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London. The route dates back to Roman times. In the 19th century it had a reputation for vice and crime and was the location of the Ratcliff Highway murders. Prior to a renaming programme of 1937, different parts of the route had different names depending on what district they were in.

The name "Ratcliffe" literally means "red cliff", referring to the red sandstone cliffs which descended from the plateau on which the road was situated down to the Wapping Marshes to the south.
Kåkbrinken
Kåkbrinken  is a street in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.  Stretching from the western waterfront Munkbroleden, to the central square Stortorget, it forms a parallel street to Yxsmedsgränd, Solgränd, and Bedoirsgränd, while being crossed by Munkbrogatan, Lilla Nygatan, Stora Nygatan, Västerlånggatan, and Prästgatan.

Munkbroleden
Munkbroleden (Swedish: "Monk's Bridge Route") is a busy street passing along the western waterfront of Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden.  Stretching north from Slussen to Riddarhustorget, Munkbroleden passes by three squares – Kornhamnstorg, Mälartorget, and Munkbron – while several streets and alleys from within the narrow conglomeration of the old town connects to it – Triewaldsgränd, Funckens Gränd, Lejonstedts Gränd, Tyska Brinken, Kåkbrinken and Stora Gråmunkegränd.
Fred DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science
The Fred DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS) is the engineering school of Hofstra University, a private university in Hempstead, New York. It was created in 2012 out of the previously existing Departments of Engineering and Computer Science. It is accredited by ABET.

Hofstra University
Hofstra University is a private research university in Hempstead, New York, United States. It originated in 1935 as an extension of New York University and became an independent college in 1939. Comprising ten schools, including the Zucker School of Medicine and the Maurice A. Deane School of Law, Hofstra has hosted a series of prominent presidential conferences and several United States presidential debates.
Sumner Library
Sumner Library is a neighborhood library located in the Near North neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Established in 1915 and named after Charles Sumner, a U.S. Senator from Massachusetts known for his strong stance against slavery, it was one of the first four Carnegie libraries built in Minneapolis. The library served as a haven for Jewish immigrants in the early 20th century. In response to a survey indicating that 95% of the library's patrons were Jewish immigrants, the Minneapolis Public Library moved its entire collection of Yiddish and Hebrew works to the Sumner Library branch. Many patrons learned English there and participated in social clubs held in the building. The Tudor Revival building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Sumner and the 14 other libraries of Minneapolis Public Library were merged into the combined urban/suburban Hennepin County Library in 2008. The library celebrated its 100th anniversary on Oct. 10, 2015.

Hennepin County Library
Hennepin County Library is a public library system serving Hennepin County, Minnesota, US. The current iteration of Hennepin County Library was formed by the merger of urban Minneapolis Public Library and suburban Hennepin County Library on January 1, 2008. The system has 41 library locations, deposit collections at nursing homes and correctional facilities, mail service to the homebound, and extensive outreach services. With more than 4 million items in its collection, the Hennepin County Library system is one of the largest public libraries in the United States. The library is a department of Hennepin County Government. The library headquarters are in the Ridgedale Library in suburban Minnetonka. The library system has an eleven-member advisory Library Board appointed by the Hennepin County Board of Commissioners. It is a member of the Metropolitan Library Service Agency, a consortium of eight Twin Cities library systems.
R59 (South Africa)
The R59 is a provincial route in South Africa that connects Hertzogville with Alberton (south-east of Johannesburg) via Bothaville, Parys and Vereeniging. The R59 is a freeway from the R57 Junction in Sasolburg until the N12 Reading Interchange in Alberton, signposted as the Sybrand van Niekerk Freeway.

Provincial routes (South Africa)
Provincial routes (also referred to as major regional routes) are the second category of road in the South African route-numbering scheme. They are designated with the letter "R" followed by a number from 21 to 82, formerly with the letter "P" followed by a number from 66. They serve as feeders to the national routes and as trunk roads in areas where there is no national route.

Designation as a provincial route does not necessarily imply that a road is maintained by the road authority in the provincial government; some parts of the provincial route network are maintained by the National Roads Agency (SANRAL), and parts in towns may be ordinary streets maintained by the municipal roads departments. Provincial routes vary in quality from gravel roads (for example the R31 between Askham and Hotazel) to freeways (for example the R59 between Vereeniging and Johannesburg).
Thyroid peroxidase
Thyroid peroxidase, also called thyroperoxidase (TPO), thyroid specific peroxidase or iodide peroxidase, is an enzyme expressed mainly in the thyroid where it is secreted into colloid. Thyroid peroxidase oxidizes iodide ions to form iodine atoms for addition onto tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin for the production of thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), the thyroid hormones. In humans, thyroperoxidase is encoded by the TPO gene.

Thyroxine
Thyroxine, also known as T4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroxine and its active metabolites are essential for regulating metabolic rate, supporting heart and muscle function, promoting brain development, and maintaining bone health.
Aurano
Aurano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Verbania.

Aurano borders the following municipalities: Cannero Riviera, Intragna, Miazzina, Oggebbio, Premeno, Trarego Viggiona, Valle Cannobina. Its territory is included in the National Park of Val Grande.

Miazzina
Miazzina is a comune (municipality) in the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Verbania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 415 and an area of 21.5 square kilometres (8.3 sq mi).

Miazzina borders the following municipalities: Aurano, Cambiasca, Caprezzo, Cossogno, Gurro, Intragna, Valle Cannobina, Verbania.
Merkigil
Merkigil is an abandoned farm in Austurdalur valley in Skagafjörður, Iceland and was the northernmost farm in the eastern valley. The land was considered good for farming and it is surrounded by deep and imposing gorges as well as tall mountains. Supplying the area is extremely challenging.

Austurdalur
Austurdalur ("east valley") is a valley in interior Skagafjörður, Iceland. The Austari-Jökulsá, one of the two sources of one of the Héraðsvötn's forks, runs through it. The only residence in the valley is at Bústaðir, and there is a church at Ábær.
Prespa (medieval town)
Prespa (Bulgarian: Преспа, Macedonian: Преспа)  was a medieval town, situated in the homonymous area in south-western Macedonia. It was a residence and burial place of the Bulgarian emperor Samuel and according to some sources capital of the First Bulgarian Empire and seat of the Bulgarian Patriarchate in the last decades of the 10th century.

Achillius of Larissa
Saint Achillius of Larissa, also known as Achilles, Ailus, Achillas, or Achilius (Greek: Άγιος Αχίλλειος, Ágios Achílleios) (died 330 AD), was a 4th century bishop of Larissa and one of the 318 persons present at the First Council of Nicaea. His feast day is on 15 May.
War of Qi's succession
The war of Qi's succession was a civil war in the State of Qi from 643 to 642 BCE, as the sons of Duke Huan of Qi fought against each other for the throne. Their struggle led to chaos in Qi and the intervention of several outside powers, until Duke Huan's intended heir, Prince Zhao (later known as Duke Xiao), emerged victorious. Nevertheless, four of Prince Zhao's rival brothers remained at large and continued to conspire for the throne, leading to a succession crisis that plagued Qi for decades. As a result, the succession war and its consequences greatly weakened Qi, which lost its status as China's predominant state.

Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization,  was a regional state of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China, whose rulers held titles of Hou (侯), then Gong (公), before declaring themselves independent Kings (王). Its capital was Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou conquest of Shang, c. 1046 BCE. Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; r. 1046–1015 BCE), minister of King Wen and a legendary figure in Chinese culture. His family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by Qin during its unification of China.
Graphoscope
A graphoscope was a 19th-century device used in parlors in order to enhance the viewing of photographs and text. The graphoscope is supposed to be based on a 1864 patent of Charles John Rowsell.
These novelty items consisted of a single magnifying glass, often in a wooden frame, in an overall construction that could collapse into a compact rectangular form.  A photo/card holder was usually also included.  A KOMBI camera often had included in its design a graphoscope for better film viewing. Many devices combined a Stereoscope and Graphoscope.

Magnifying glass
A magnifying glass is a convex lens—usually mounted in a frame with a handle—that is used to produce a magnified image of an object. A magnifying glass can also be used to focus light, such as to concentrate the Sun's radiation to create a hot spot at the focus for fire starting.

Evidence of magnifying glasses exists from antiquity. The magnifying glass is an icon of detective fiction, particularly that of Sherlock Holmes.

An alternative to a magnifying glass is a sheet magnifier, which comprises many very narrow concentric ring-shaped lenses, such that the combination acts as a single lens but is much thinner.
Barlow, Derbyshire
53°16′05″N 1°29′02″W﻿ / ﻿53.268°N 1.484°W﻿ / 53.268; -1.484

Barlow is a village and civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England.  According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 884, increasing to 920 at the 2011 Census.  The village is about 4 miles north-west of Chesterfield.

North East Derbyshire
North East Derbyshire is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The council is based in the large village of Wingerworth. The district also includes the towns of Dronfield and Clay Cross as well as numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Chesterfield (which it almost surrounds), Bolsover, Amber Valley, Derbyshire Dales, Sheffield and Rotherham.
Mikhail Frunze (ship)
The Mikhail Frunze (Russian: Михаил Фрунзе) is a Valerian Kuybyshev-class (92-016, OL400) Soviet/Russian river cruise ship, cruising in the Volga – Kama – Neva basin. The ship was built by Slovenské Lodenice at their shipyard in Komárno, Czechoslovakia, and entered service in 1980. At 4,050 tonnes, Mikhail Frunze is one of the biggest river cruise ships currently in service with Vodohod. Her sister ships are Valerian Kuybyshev, Fyodor Shalyapin, Feliks Dzerzhinskiy, Sergey Kuchkin, Mstislav Rostropovich, Aleksandr Suvorov, Semyon Budyonnyy and Georgiy Zhukov. Her home port is currently Nizhny Novgorod.

Fyodor Shalyapin (ship)
The Fyodor Shalyapin (Russian: Фёдор Шаляпин) (former Kliment Voroshilov) was a Valerian Kuybyshev-class (92-016, OL400) Soviet/Russian river cruise ship, cruising in the Volga basin. The ship was built by Slovenské Lodenice at their shipyard in Komárno, Czechoslovakia, and entered service in 1977. At 3,950 tonnes, Fyodor Shalyapin is one of the world's biggest river cruise ships. Her sister ships are Valerian Kuybyshev, Mikhail Frunze, Feliks Dzerzhinskiy, Sergey Kuchkin, Mstislav Rostropovich, Aleksandr Suvorov, Semyon Budyonnyy and Georgiy Zhukov. Fyodor Shalyapin was operated by Vodohod, a Russian river cruise line. Her home port was Nizhny Novgorod.
Seryoga
Sergey Vasilyevich Parkhomenko (Russian: Сергей Васильевич Пархоменко, Belarusian: Сяргей Васільевіч Пархоменка, romanized: Syarhyey Vasilyevich Parkhomyenka; born October 8, 1976), known professionally as Seryoga (Russian: Серёга), is a Belarusian rapper and the owner of the KingRing record label.

Azad (rapper)
Azad Azadpour (born 24 November 1973), known professionally by the mononym Azad, is a German rapper of Kurdish descent based in Frankfurt. As one of the first successful German street rappers, he had a strong influence on the German rap scene.
Charez
Charez (Persian: چارز) is a village in, and the capital of, Kelar-e Sharqi Rural District in Kelar District of Abbasabad County, Mazandaran province, Iran. It is a southern suburb of the city of Kelarabad, bordering the village of Jisa-ye Kelarabad to its east and Espi Rud to its west.

Kelarabad
Kelarabad (Persian: كلارآباد) is a coastal city in, and the capital of, Kelar District in Abbasabad County, Mazandaran province, Iran. It is located between the Caspian Sea in the north and the northern slopes of Alborz mountains in the south.
Shin'etsu Main Line
The Shinetsu Main Line (Japanese: 信越本線, Hepburn: Shin'etsu-honsen) is a railway line, consisting of three geographically separated sections, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan. It was originally one continuous line connecting Takasaki and Niigata via Nagano. Since the opening and later extension of the Hokuriku Shinkansen, sections running in parallel have either been discontinued or transferred to third-sector railway companies.

The name of the line refers to the old names for Nagano and Niigata prefectures, Shinano (Japanese: 信濃), and Echigo (Japanese: 越後).

The discontinued section through the Usui Pass was famous for its steep 66.7‰ (6.67%) gradient.

Naoetsu Station
Naoetsu Station (直江津駅, Naoetsu-eki) is a railway station in the city of Jōetsu, Niigata, Japan, jointly operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the third-sector railway operator Echigo Tokimeki Railway.