hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis Daguerre
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (/dəˈɡɛər/ ⓘ də-GAIR; French: [lwi ʒɑk mɑ̃de daɡɛʁ]; 18 November 1787 – 10 July 1851) was a French scientist, artist and photographer recognized for his invention of the eponymous daguerreotype process of photography. He became known as one of the fathers of photography. Though he is most famous for his contributions to photography, he was also an accomplished painter, scenic designer, and a developer of the diorama theatre.

The Ruins of Holyrood Chapel
The Ruins of Holyrood Chapel is an oil on canvas painting of the Holyrood Abbey completed around 1824 by the French artist Louis Daguerre. The painting measures 211 × 256.3 cm (83.1 × 100.9 in), and is exhibited at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool, England. The museum acquired it in 1864. It featured at the Salon of 1824 at the Louvre in Paris.
Finland women's national ice hockey team
The Finnish women's national ice hockey team represents Finland at the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Women's World Championships, the Olympic Games, the Four Nations Cup, and other international-level women's ice hockey competitions. The women's national team is overseen by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association and its general manager is Tuula Puputti. Finland's national women's program is ranked third in the world by the IIHF and had 5,858 active players as of 2019.

2017 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 2017 IIHF Women's World Championship was the 18th edition of the Top Division of the Women's Ice Hockey World Championship organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The tournament was held in Plymouth Township, Michigan, United States from 31 March to 7 April 2017. The USA Hockey Arena served as the event's venue using Arena I and Arena II.

Three-time defending champions, the United States, winning their fourth consecutive and eighth overall title, after defeated Canada in the gold medal game 3–2 after overtime. Finland won the bronze medal by beating Germany 8–0.
General Dynamics Electric Boat
41°20′40″N 72°04′46″W﻿ / ﻿41.344343°N 72.079526°W﻿ / 41.344343; -72.079526

General Dynamics Electric Boat (GDEB) is a subsidiary of General Dynamics Corporation. It has been the primary builder of submarines for the United States Navy for more than 100 years. The company's main facilities are a shipyard in Groton, Connecticut; a hull-fabrication and outfitting facility in Quonset Point, Rhode Island; and a design and engineering facility in New London, Connecticut.

Los Angeles-class submarine
The Los Angeles class of submarines are nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (SSN) in service with the United States Navy. Also known as the 688 class (pronounced "six-eighty-eight") after the hull number of lead vessel USS Los Angeles (SSN-688), 62 were built from 1972 to 1996, the latter 23 to an improved 688i standard. As of 2025, 23 of the Los Angeles class remain in commission and they account for almost half of the U.S. Navy's 50 fast attack submarines.

Submarines of this class are named after American towns and cities, such as Albany, New York; Los Angeles, California; and Tucson, Arizona, with the exception of USS Hyman G. Rickover, named for the "father of the nuclear Navy." This was a change from traditionally naming attack submarines after marine animals, such as USS Seawolf or USS Shark. Rickover explained the decision to name the submarines after cities (and occasionally politicians influential in defense issues) by observing that "fish don't vote."
Oberteuringen
Oberteuringen (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐˌtɔʏʁɪŋən]; Low Alemannic: Direnge) is a town in the district of Bodensee in Baden-Württemberg, south-west Germany.

It lies some 8 km north of the Bodensee (Lake Constance) and 4 km east of Mount Gehrenberg. Nearby towns are Markdorf (6 km), Friedrichshafen (7 km), Tettnang (11 km), and Ravensburg (12 km).

The Oberteuringen council district includes the villages of Bibruck, Bitzenhofen, Hefigkofen, Neuhaus, Rammetshofen, Remette, Unterteuringen,  and Vittenhaag.

Rammetshofen
Rammetshofen is a village located 1.6 kilometres (1 mile) south of Oberteuringen in the Bodenseekreis of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It lies approximately 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) north of the Bodensee.
Kathryn Grayson
Kathryn Grayson (born Zelma Kathryn Elisabeth Hedrick; February 9, 1922 – February 17, 2010) was an American actress and coloratura soprano.

From the age of 12, Grayson trained as an opera singer. She was under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer by the early 1940s, soon establishing a career principally through her work in musicals. After several supporting roles, she was a lead performer in such films as Thousands Cheer (1943), Anchors Aweigh (1945) with Frank Sinatra and Gene Kelly and Show Boat (1951) and Kiss Me Kate (1953), both with Howard Keel.

Grayson also worked in theatre, appearing in Camelot (1962–1964). Later in the decade, she performed in several operas, including La bohème, Madama Butterfly, Orpheus in the Underworld and La traviata.

Howard Keel
Harold Clifford Keel (April 13, 1919 – November 7, 2004), professionally Howard Keel, was an American actor and singer known for his rich bass-baritone singing voice. He starred in a number of MGM musicals in the 1950s, including Show Boat (1951). He played the role of oil baron Clayton Farlow in the television series Dallas from 1981 to 1991.
STANAG magazine
A STANAG magazine or NATO magazine is a type of detachable firearm magazine proposed by NATO in October 1980. Shortly after NATO's acceptance of the 5.56×45mm NATO rifle cartridge, Draft Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 4179 was proposed in order to allow NATO members to easily share rifle ammunition and magazines down to the individual soldier level. The U.S. M16 rifle's magazine proportions were proposed for standardization. Many NATO members, but not all, subsequently developed or purchased rifles with the ability to accept this type of magazine. However, the standard was never ratified and remains a "Draft STANAG".

CZ 805 BREN
The CZ 805 BREN is a gas-operated assault rifle designed and manufactured by Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod.

The CZ 805 BREN was developed to replace the Vz. 58 in the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic in 2006. CZUB continued to refine and evolve the CZ 805 BREN's design, which led to the development of the CZ 807, CZ BREN 2, CZ BREN 2 BR, CZ BREN 2 DMR, and CZ BREN 3.

The CZ 805 BREN and its variants are used by various police and military forces, including in the Czech Republic, Indonesia, Mexico, and Ukraine.
Phelypaea
Phelypaea is a genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae, native to the Balkans, Greece, Crimea, the Caucasus region, Anatolia, the Levant, Iraq and Iran. They are root parasites which cannot conduct photosynthesis and are only seen above ground when flowering.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.
Dairago
Dairago (Lombard: Dairagh or Dairaa [dai̯ˈrɑː(k)], locally [daˈjɑːɡu]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Milan.

Dairago borders the following municipalities: Busto Arsizio, Legnano, Magnago, Villa Cortese, Buscate, Busto Garolfo, Arconate.

Villa Cortese
Villa Cortese (Legnanese: Villa Cortesa [ˈʋila kurˈteːza]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Milan, in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Milan.

The administrative municipalities borders Legnano, San Giorgio su Legnano, Busto Garolfo and Dairago.
Jeremy Burgess
Jeremy Donaldson Burgess (16 April 1953 in Adelaide Hills, South Australia), is an Australian motorcycle racing chief mechanic, having worked with three world champions: Wayne Gardner, Mick Doohan and Valentino Rossi. He was also a mechanic on Freddie Spencer's team when Spencer won the 500cc World title in 1985.

Winning machines prepared by Burgess range from the Suzukis of Randy Mamola to the Hondas of Ron Haslam, Freddie Spencer, Wayne Gardner, Mick Doohan and Valentino Rossi to the Yamaha of Valentino Rossi. Since July 1980, these riders have won 157 GP/MotoGP races (as at 2 November 2009) and a total of fourteen World Championships on motorcycles that "JB" has either prepared himself or whose preparation he has overseen as crew chief. Burgess's machinery have achieved over 280 podium finishes.

Wayne Gardner
Wayne Michael Gardner AM (born 11 October 1959) is an Australian former professional motorcycle and touring car racer. He competed in the Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championships from 1986 to 1992, most prominently as a member of the Honda factory racing team where he became the first Australian to win motorcycling's premier class in 1987. His success on the world motorcycle road racing circuit earned him the nickname The Wollongong Whiz.

After his motorcycle racing career, Gardner competed in touring car racing from 1993 to 2002. Both of his sons, Remy and Luca, are motorcycle racers.
Inniscarra Dam
Inniscarra Dam is a buttress dam located on the River Lee in the civil parish of Inniscarra in County Cork, Ireland. Construction of the dam started in February 1953 and resulted in the formation of the Inniscarra Reservoir.

The dam is owned and operated by the ESB Group and has a generation capacity of 19 MW. It over-flooded in November 2009 and caused around 100 million euros worth of damage to the city, with University College Cork saying it damaged 20 million euros worth of property.

River Lee
The River Lee (Irish: An Laoi) is a river in Ireland.  It rises in the Shehy Mountains on the western border of County Cork and flows eastwards through Cork, where it splits in two for a short distance, creating an island on which Cork's city centre is built, then passes through Cork Harbour on the south coast, one of the largest natural harbours in the world, to empty into the Celtic Sea.  The catchment area of the River Lee is 1,253 km2. The long-term average flow rate of the River Lee is 40.4 cubic metres per second (m3/s).

A hydro-electric scheme was built on the river, upstream from Cork City, and this part of the river now contains the Carrigadrohid and Inniscarra reservoirs. The river is crossed by 42 bridges, 29 of which are in Cork City, and one tunnel. The river also provides an 8-kilometre (5.0 mi) stretch of salmon fishing.
Tinwald, Dumfries and Galloway
Tinwald is a village in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland, lying a little north of Locharbriggs outside Dumfries. Tinwald is also the name of a civil parish in the county of Dumfriesshire. The village is near the former RAF Tinwald Downs which is now the Dumfries Aviation Museum.

Dumfries
Dumfries (Scots: /dʌmˈfriːs/ ⓘ dum-FREESS; from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˌt̪un ˈfɾʲiʃ]) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, 25 miles (40 km) from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire.

Before becoming King of Scots, Robert the Bruce killed his rival John Comyn III of Badenoch at Greyfriars Kirk in the town in 1306. The Young Pretender had his headquarters here towards the end of 1745. In World War II, the Norwegian armed forces in exile in Britain largely consisted of a brigade in Dumfries.

Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South. This is also the name of the town's football club. People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers.
World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America
Under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme, there are 329 biosphere reserves recognized as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America (as of September 2025). These are distributed across 43 countries in the region.

Biosphere reserves operating under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme aim to achieve three mandate management objectives of conservation, sustainable socio-economic development, and logistic support.

Man and the Biosphere Programme
The Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1970 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the 'improvement of relationships' between people and their environments.

MAB engages with the international development agenda, especially the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda. The MAB programme provides a platform for cooperation in research and development. As of July 2024, 759 sites across 136 countries, including 22 transboundary sites, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.  The reserves cover more than 5% of the world’s surface and are home to over 260 million people.
WUTC
WUTC (88.1 FM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States, serving both the Chattanooga metropolitan area and the Tennessee Valley. It is owned by the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga and broadcasts from inside room number 115 on the first floor of the Administrative Services Building on the campus of UTC on Palmetto Street. It is an NPR member station and broadcasts news programs plus a variety of music, including adult album alternative and related genres.

WUTC's transmitter is sited on Sawyer Cemetery Road in Walden. The signal can be heard in parts of Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama and North Carolina.

University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UT Chattanooga, UTC, or Chattanooga) is a public university in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1886 and is part of the University of Tennessee System.
Jamshed Dasti
Jamshed Dasti (Urdu: جمشید دستی; born 15 February 1972) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan between 2008 and 2018 and won elections in 2023 for the National Assembly of Pakistan from NA-175 as an independent candidate with the support of the PTI. He was disqualified by the Election Commission of Pakistan as a member of the National Assembly due to a fake degree on 15 July 2025.

NA-175 Muzaffargarh-I
NA-175 Muzaffargarh-I (این اے-175، مُظفّرگڑھ-1) is a newly created constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It mainly consists of the city of Muzaffargarh along with a majority of the areas of Muzaffargarh Tehsil.
Androscoggin County, Maine
Androscoggin County is a county in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 111,139. Its county seat is Auburn and its most populous city is Lewiston.

Androscoggin County comprises the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan statistical area and is partially included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine, Metropolitan New England City and Town Area. It is also a part of the Portland-Lewiston-South Portland, Maine combined statistical area.

Bates College is in the Androscoggin County city of Lewiston.

Oxford County, Maine
Oxford County is a county in the state of Maine, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the county had a population of 57,777. Its county seat is the town of Paris. The county was formed on March 4, 1805, by the Massachusetts General Court in the Maine District from northerly portions of York and Cumberland counties. It borders the Canadian province of Quebec.
Hoheria glabrata
Hoheria glabrata, the mountain lacebark or ribbonwood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. It is one of the few deciduous trees to be found in New Zealand growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall with green leaves that turn yellow in autumn, and white flowers that appear around January.

Mainly found in the wetter parts of the mountainous regions of the South Island. Leaves are toothed around the margins, also look for the distinctive heart shape of the leaf which differentiates it from the very similar Hoheria lyallii. H. glabrata is a small tree which often grows multiple branches from the base although this does not always occur. Both the bark of Hoheria glabrata and Hoheria lyallii (known in Māori as houi) were likely used as textiles by South Island Māori.

Hoheria lyallii
Hoheria lyallii, the mountain lacebark, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family Malvaceae, endemic to New Zealand, where it grows on drier mountainous areas of South Island — mainly in eastern Canterbury and 
Marlborough. Growing to 7 m (23 ft), it is a deciduous shrub or small tree with hairy leaves and slightly scented white flowers in summer.

The Latin specific epithet lyallii honours the Scottish naturalist and explorer David Lyall (1817–1895). In cultivation in the United Kingdom this plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Hoheria lyallii and Hoheria glabrata (which has a similar appearance) are known in Māori as houi, and were likely used as textiles by South Island Māori.
Count–min sketch
In computing, the count–min sketch (CM sketch) is a probabilistic data structure that serves as a frequency table of events in a stream of data. It uses hash functions to map events to frequencies, but unlike a hash table uses only sub-linear space, at the expense of overcounting some events due to collisions. The count–min sketch was invented in 2003 by Graham Cormode and S. Muthu Muthukrishnan and described by them in a 2005 paper.

Count–min sketch is an alternative to count sketch and AMS sketch and can be considered an implementation of a counting Bloom filter (Fan et al., 1998) or multistage-filter.  However, they are used differently and therefore sized differently: a count–min sketch typically has a sublinear number of cells, related to the desired approximation quality of the sketch, while a counting Bloom filter is more typically sized to match the number of elements in the set.

Counting Bloom filter
A counting Bloom filter (CBF) or spectral Bloom filter is a probabilistic data structure that is used to test whether the number of occurrences of a given element in a sequence exceeds a given threshold. As a generalized form of the Bloom filter, false positive matches are possible, but false negatives are not – in other words, a query returns either "possibly bigger or equal than the threshold" or "definitely smaller than the threshold".
Evidential apologetics
Evidential apologetics or evidentialism is an approach to Christian apologetics emphasizing the use of evidence to demonstrate that God exists. The evidence is supposed to be evidence both the believer and nonbeliever share, that is to say one need not presuppose God's existence. Evidential apologetics is not necessarily evidentialism, however many associate them as the same. Evidential apologetics method looks at the New Testament's historical documents first, then upon to Jesus' miracles in particular the resurrection which evidentialists believe points to Jesus Christ as the Son of God. Some of the top supporters of this method include Gary Habermas, John Warwick Montgomery, Clark Pinnock, and Wolfhart Pannenberg.

Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (Ancient Greek: ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity.

Christian apologetics have taken many forms over the centuries, starting with Paul the Apostle in the early church and Patristic writers such as Origen, Augustine of Hippo, Justin Martyr and Tertullian, then continuing with writers such as Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Anselm of Canterbury during Scholasticism.

Blaise Pascal was an active Christian apologist during the 17th century. In the modern period, Christianity was defended through the efforts of many authors such as John Henry Newman, G. K. Chesterton and C. S. Lewis, as well as G. E. M. Anscombe.
Citroën Junior Team
The Citroën Junior Team was a World Rally Championship team that competed in the 2009, 2010 and 2012 seasons. It was established as a second team for the Citroën brand and was presented as a vehicle to develop young talent.

The team was also the flagship WRC team for Citroën Racing's customer racing department, Citroën Racing Technologies (CRT), which was in existence between 2007 and 2012. As with all of CRT's customer privateers and team, the Citroën Junior Team was run on events by third-party preparation firm PH Sport.

Citroën C4 WRC
The Citroën C4 WRC is a World Rally Car built for the Citroën World Rally Team by Citroën Racing to compete in the World Rally Championship. It is based upon the Citroën C4 road car and replaced the Citroën Xsara WRC. The car was introduced for the 2007 World Rally Championship season and took the drivers' title in all four seasons it participated in at the hands of Sébastien Loeb between 2007 and 2010, as well as the manufacturers' title in 2008, 2009 and 2010.

The C4 WRC and Loeb maintained a 100% record on asphalt events during its WRC career, winning all 13 pure asphalt rounds of the World Rally Championship.
1969 Ice Hockey World Championships
The 1969 Ice Hockey World Championships was the 36th edition of the Ice Hockey World Championships, which also doubled as the 47th European ice hockey championships. For the first time the Pool A, B and C tournaments were hosted by different nations:

Pool A in Stockholm, Sweden, 15–30 March 1969

Pool B in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, 28 February – 9 March 1969

Pool C in Skopje, Yugoslavia, 24 February – 2 March 1969

A total of 20 nations participated in the tournament. The Pool A team featured only the top six nations, now playing a double round-robin tournament for the amateur world championship. Teams #7-#14 contested the Pool B championship with the winner qualifying for the 1970 Pool A championship, while the bottom six participated in the Pool C tournament.  Pool B and C began exchanging two teams this year (through promotion and relegation), a practice that lasted until 1987.

Larry Pleau
Lawrence Winslow Pleau (born January 29, 1947) is an American former ice hockey player who also was the senior advisor to the general manager for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He formerly served as senior vice president and General Manager of the St. Louis Blues. He played in the NHL with the Montreal Canadiens between 1970 and 1972, and in the World Hockey Association with the New England Whalers between 1972 and 1979. Internationally Pleau played for the American national team at the 1968 Winter Olympics and the 1969 World Championship.
Takhmina Ikromova
Takhmina Ikromova (born 6 August 2004) is an Uzbekistani rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2022 Asian Games all-around and team gold medalist, and a three-time (2022, 2023, 2025) Asian all-around champion. She competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the rhythmic individual all-around, where she came in 14th place at the qualifications. She is also the 2025 World University Games all-around silver medalist.

Darja Varfolomeev
Darja Varfolomeev (Russian: Да́рья Дми́триевна Варфоломе́ева; born 4 November 2006) is a Russian-born German rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2024 Olympic all-around champion and a two-time consecutive (2023 and 2025) World all-around gold medalist. She is also the 2022 World all-around silver medalist and a two-time (2024, 2025) European all-around bronze medalist.

At the national level, she is a three-time (2022, 2023, 2025) German all-around champion and a two-time all-around junior champion (in 2019 and 2021).