hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pensky–Martens closed-cup test
The Pensky–Martens closed-cup flash-point test is a test for the determination of the flash point of flammable liquids. It is standardized as ASTM D93, EN ISO 2719 and IP 34  The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also published Method 1010A: Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, part of Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, which references the ASTM standard series D93. The Pensky-Martens test is a closed-cup method as opposed to the Cleveland open-cup method.

Flash point
The flash point of a material is the "lowest liquid temperature at which, under certain standardized conditions, a liquid gives off vapours in a quantity such as to be capable of forming an ignitable vapour/air mixture".

The flash point is sometimes confused with the autoignition temperature, the temperature that causes spontaneous ignition. The fire point is the lowest temperature at which the vapors keep burning after the ignition source is removed. It is higher than the flash point, because at the flash point vapor may not be produced fast enough to sustain combustion. Neither flash point nor fire point depends directly on the ignition source temperature, but ignition source temperature is far higher than either the flash or fire point, and can increase the temperature of fuel above the usual ambient temperature to facilitate ignition.
1997–98 A Lyga
The Lithuanian A Lyga 1997–98 was the eighth season of top-tier football in Lithuania. The season started on 9 August 1997 and ended on 17 June 1998. It was contested by 16 teams, and Kareda Šiauliai won the championship.

FK Kareda Kaunas
FK Kareda was a Lithuanian defunct football team from the city of Šiauliai and re-located from Šiauliai to Kaunas in 2000. It was dissolved in 2003.

Before 2000 it was known as "Kareda Šiauliai". In 1995–1996 it was known as "Kareda-Sakalas Šiauliai". Before 1995 it was known as "Sakalas Šiauliai". In 1990 was founded Sakalas, in 1995 this club was sponsored by the criminal group "Princai" from Šiauliai. When Lithuanian police and power structures stike to this criminal elements, the football club lost sponsorship and was sold and in 2000 removed to Kaunas.
Edward Carfagno
Edward Carfagno (November 28, 1907 – December 28, 1996) was an art director who established himself in the 1950s with his Oscar-winning work on such films as Vincente Minnelli's The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), Joseph Mankiewicz's Julius Caesar (1953) and William Wyler's Ben-Hur (1959)
. Carfagno went on to work consistently on a variety of films, including five collaborations with Clint Eastwood including Tightrope (1984) and Heartbreak Ridge (1987).

Carfagno began working at MGM in 1933, and was also a member of the US's 1940 Olympic fencing team.

William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar (billed on-screen as William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar) is a 1953 American film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and produced by John Houseman for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It stars Marlon Brando as Mark Antony, James Mason as Brutus, John Gielgud as Cassius, Louis Calhern as Julius Caesar, Edmond O'Brien as Casca, Greer Garson as Calpurnia, and Deborah Kerr as Portia.

It opened to positive reviews, and was nominated in five categories at the 26th Academy Awards (including Best Picture and Best Actor for Brando), winning Best Art Direction – Black-and-White. Brando and Gielgud both won BAFTA Awards, Brando for Best Foreign Actor and Gielgud for Best British Actor.
Bayes's Opera
Bayes's Opera is a 1730 ballad opera by the British writer Gabriel Odingsells. It was part of a boom in ballad operas that followed in the wake of the success of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera.

The original Drury Lane cast included Theophilus Cibber as Bays, Edward Berry as Pantomine, Roger Bridgewater as Lord Briton, James Oates as Bassoon, James Rosco as Crowdero, Joe Miller as Harlequin, John Harper as Crispin, Kitty Clive as Dulceda, Frances Cross as Belinda, Elizabeth Butler as Arabella and Mary Heron as Farcia.

Theophilus Cibber
Theophilus Cibber (25 or 26 November 1703 – October 1758) was an English actor, playwright, writer, and son of the actor-manager Colley Cibber.

He began acting at an early age, and followed his father into theatrical management. In 1727, Alexander Pope satirised Theophilus Cibber in his Dunciad as a youth who "thrusts his person full into your face" (III 132). On the stage, he was famous for playing Pistol in Henry IV, Part 2, and some of the comic roles his father had played when younger, but unsympathetic critics accused him of overemphasis. His private life later led Theophilus into bad reputation and scandal. In October of 1758, Theophilus set sail for Dublin at the behest of Thomas Sheridan, owner of the Theatre Royal. However, his ship was driven off course and Theophilus perished when it was wrecked off the coast of Scotland.
Gary Rogers
Gary Rogers (born 25 September 1981) is an Irish coach and former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper, making 735 appearances in all competitions during his career. Rogers was also called up to the Republic of Ireland national football team. He also played Gaelic football for and coached the Meath county team, and has also coached the Cavan, Monaghan and Westmeath county teams.

Drogheda United F.C.
Drogheda United Football Club is a professional Irish association football club based in Drogheda, County Louth playing in the League of Ireland Premier Division. They play their home matches at Sullivan & Lambe Park.

The current club is the amalgamation of two former clubs in the town: Drogheda United, a non-league club founded in 1919; and Drogheda F.C., founded in 1962. The clubs merged their operations to form the current club in 1975 and have achieved success since 2005 by winning two Setanta Sports Cups, two FAI Cups, a League Cup and their first league title, the 2007 League of Ireland Premier Division.

Since 2021, the club has competed in the League of Ireland Premier Division, having been automatically promoted as winners of the 2020 League of Ireland First Division.
Space Ninjas
Space Ninjas is a 2019 sci-fi comedy film written and directed by Scott McQuaid. It is about Ninjas from outer space who invade a high school. The film features Dirk Benedict, Jon T. Benn, Godfrey Ho, Yi Jane, Brian Narelle, Damien Zachary and Bryan Tiang.

Jon T. Benn
Jon Toby Benn (30 July 1935 – 9 December 2018) was a businessman, entrepreneur, and actor, who most notably played the mob boss in Way of the Dragon. He was also an adventurer of sorts.

He wrote a book in reference to Bruce Lee, Remembering Bruce Lee, and subsequently opened a restaurant in Hong Kong, called "the Bruce Lee Cafe".
Valjevo
Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево, pronounced [ʋâːʎeʋo]) is a city and the administrative center of the Kolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 56,145 while the city administrative area has 82,169 inhabitants. The city is situated along the river Kolubara.

Kolubara
The Kolubara (Serbian Cyrillic: Колубара, pronounced [kɔlǔbara]) is a 87 km (54 mi) long river in western Serbia; it is an eastern, right tributary to the Sava river.

Due to the many long tributaries creating a branchy system within the river's drainage basin, the short Kolubara drains relatively large area of 3,639 km2 (1,405 sq mi). It is part of the larger Black Sea drainage.

The river is not navigable, but its valley is very important for transportation. Here are located Belgrade-Valjevo road, parts of Belgrade-Šabac road, Ibarska magistrala (Highway of Ibar) and the Belgrade-Bar railway.

The Kolubara was the site of one of the major battles on the Balkans in the World War I, the Battle of Kolubara in 1914.

There is a game hunting ground "Kolubara" in the valley of the river, on the territory of the Lazarevac municipality.
Strawberry Shortcakes
Strawberry Shortcakes (ストロベリーショートケイクス) is a one-volume manga written and illustrated by Kiriko Nananan, published by Shodensha in 2002. It is about the lives of four young women in a large city. It was licensed in French by Casterman manga imprint Sakka and in Italy by Kappa Edizioni. Strawberry Shortcakes was adapted into a film of the same title. It was licensed for English release by Central Park Media as Sweet Cream & Red Strawberries.

Kiriko Nananan
Kiriko Nananan (Japanese: 魚喃 キリコ, Hepburn: Nananan Kiriko; December 14, 1972 – December 25, 2024) was a Japanese manga artist. She was known for her realistic josei work featuring understated artwork with a sense of detachment. In addition, she affiliated herself with the "La nouvelle manga" movement. Nananan died on December 25, 2024; her death was not announced until a year later.
Bathyembryx
Bathyembryx istiophasma, the pallid sailfin, is a hypothetical species of fish observed by William Beebe on 11 August 1934. He described seeing the species twice during the same dive at depths of 1,500 feet (460 m) and 2,500 feet (760 m) near the coast of Bermuda.

Hypothetical species
Several species have been assumed to exist, but due to a lack of physical evidence they can only be regarded as hypothetical or potential species. Hypothetical species are usually believed to be extinct. They have caused confusion, as they may have been a separate species, a subspecies, an introduced species or a misidentification. It can also refer to species that are hypothesised to have existed evolutionarily.
Finian's Rainbow
Finian's Rainbow is a musical with a book by E. Y. Harburg and Fred Saidy, lyrics by Harburg, and music by Burton Lane, produced by Lee Sabinson. The original 1947 Broadway production ran for 725 performances, while a film version was released in 1968 and several revivals have followed.

An elderly Irishman, Finian McLonergan, moves to the southern United States with his daughter Sharon, to bury a stolen pot of gold near Fort Knox, in the mistaken belief that it will make him prosperous, as he imagines that the gold which he thinks has been buried at Fort Knox has made America prosperous. Og, a leprechaun, follows them, desperate to recover his treasure before the loss of it turns him permanently human. Complications arise when a bigoted and corrupt U.S. senator gets involved, and when wishes are made inadvertently over the hidden crock. The Irish-tinged music score includes gospel and R&B influences.

Melissa Errico
Melissa Errico (born March 23, 1970) is an American actress, singer, recording artist and writer. She is known for her Broadway musical roles such as Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady and the title role in One Touch of Venus, as well as her recordings of musical theater classics, including albums of songs by Stephen Sondheim and Michel Legrand. In recent years she has become a contributing writer to The New York Times and served on the National Endowment for the Arts.
U.S. Route 70S
U.S. Route 70S (US 70S) is an alternative to U.S. Route 70 between the western part of Nashville and Sparta in Tennessee. It runs concurrent with US 70 for several blocks in downtown Nashville. The highway follows Murfreesboro Pike from Nashville to Murfreesboro then heads due east to McMinnville then northeast to Sparta where it ends at its junction with US 70. It was originally designated as U.S. Route 270 in 1926.

Woodbury, Tennessee
Woodbury is a town in Cannon County, Tennessee, United States. Woodbury is part of the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area and is located 55 miles (89 km) southeast of downtown Nashville. As of the 2020 census, Woodbury had a population of 2,703. It is the county seat of Cannon County.
Saudi High Commission for Relief of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Saudi High Commission for Relief of Bosnia and Herzegovina was an aid agency operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina funded by Saudi Arabia. Set up in 1993 during the Bosnian War to assist Bosnian Muslims, it was forced to close in 2001 after being linked to Islamist terrorism.

Founded by Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz with support from King Fahd, it reportedly spent $600 million in aid, and was awarded the King Faisal International Prize in 2001. In 2001, after the September 11 attacks, the commission's Sarajevo office was raided by NATO forces, who found material relating to those attacks and the bombings of USS Cole and US embassies in Africa, along with materials for forging US State Department badges. An employee, Sabir Mahfouz Lahmar, was detained in Camp X-Ray for an alleged plot to attack the US embassy in Sarajevo and released without charge in 2009. In 2002 U.S. authorities said $46 million of the commission's funds was unaccounted for.

Sabir Mahfouz Lahmar
Sabir Mahfouz Lahmar (born May 22, 1969) is a Bosnian-French citizen, who won his habeas corpus petition in United States federal court after being held for eight years and eight months in the military Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba.

Sabir Mahfouz Lahmar was captured in Bosnia and Herzegovina in January 2002, after being cleared of suspicion by the Bosnian Supreme Court, and arrived in Guantanamo on January 21, 2002. In 2009, he was released from Guantanamo after France agreed to accept him. He was transported there on November 30, 2009, and lives in Bordeaux.
KD-88
The KD-88 (Kongdi-88; Chinese: 空地-88) is a standoff land attack missile built by Hongdu Aviation Industry Corporation and exported by China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC). Its export version is called TL-7 and TL-17.

Hongdu
28°38′05″N 115°55′50″E﻿ / ﻿28.634818°N 115.93061°E﻿ / 28.634818; 115.93061

Hongdu Aviation Industry Group Ltd. (HAIG) (Chinese: 洪都航空工业集团), formerly China Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation or CNAMC, is a Chinese aircraft manufacturer and supplier to the Chinese military. It is based in Nanchang, Jiangxi and is a subsidiary of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC).
Lunatik (music producer)
Mnqobi Nxumalo (born 8 June 1994), professionally known as Lunatik (or Lunatik Beats) is a recording artist, songwriter, and record producer born in the town of Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. He founded the hip hop sub-genre known as Skhanda along with South African rapper K.O.

Amazulu (song)
"Amazulu" is the debut single by South African singer Amanda Black, released on 1 July 2016. The song is credited to have been instrumental in the upward trajectory of her career following its massive reception which saw it gain rotational nationwide airplay and downloaded over 53,000 times.
Sat Prakash Rana
Sat Prakash Rana (born 21 March 1965) is an Indian Politician, leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a former member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from the Bijwasan constituency.
He has worked extensively on his constituency facilitating creation of new roads, highways, parks and enriching the environment by organising and participating in large scale planting (and protection) of trees. 
He has served as an MLA (bijwasan constituency) 3 times and remains the pillar of BJP south-west Delhi.

In the 2020 Delhi Legislative Election Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Sat Prakash Rana stood second with 56,518 votes. He lost by 753 votes. This was categorized as the most marginal victory as the number of votes difference was lowest (753).

Bijwasan Assembly constituency
Bijwasan Assembly constituency is one of the 70 Delhi Legislative Assembly constituencies in Delhi. This constituency covers part of Bharthal, Dhulsiras, Vasant Kunj, Mahipalpur, Rangpuri, Nangal Dewat, Bijwasan, Samalkha, Bamnauli, Kapashera, Shahbad Mohammadpur, Rajnagar, Part of Dwarka, Delhi|Dwarka.
Bartoszkowo
Bartoszkowo [bartɔʂˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarnówka, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Złotów County.

Gmina Tarnówka
Gmina Tarnówka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Tarnówka, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Złotów and 105 km (65 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 132.23 square kilometres (51.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,095.
Blennerhassett, West Virginia
Blennerhassett is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wood County, West Virginia, United States. It is part of the Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, WV-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,118 at the 2020 census.

Parkersburg–Vienna metropolitan area
The Parkersburg–Vienna metropolitan area, officially the Parkersburg–Vienna, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in West Virginia, anchored by the cities of Parkersburg and Vienna. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 89,490. Prior to the 2020 census, the metro area included the city of Marietta, Ohio and Washington County, which has since been redefined as its own micropolitan area. They now form the Parkersburg–Marietta–Vienna, WV–OH Combined Statistical Area.
Landing of the Granma
Granma is a yacht that was used to transport 82 fighters of the Cuban Revolution from Mexico to Cuba in November 1956 to overthrow the regime of Fulgencio Batista. The 60-foot (18 m) diesel-powered vessel was built in 1943 by Wheeler Shipbuilding of Brooklyn, New York, as a light armored target practice boat, US Navy C-1994, and modified postwar to accommodate 12 people. "Granma", in English, is an affectionate term for a grandmother; the yacht is said to have been named for the previous owner's grandmother.

Niquero
Niquero is a municipality and town in the Granma Province of Cuba and is the southernmost municipality in the country. It is located in the coastal region of the province, bordering the Gulf of Guacanayabo. Cape Cruz (Cabo Cruz), the westernmost point of the province is located in this municipality.
Velké Losiny
Velké Losiny (German: Groß Ullersdorf) is a spa municipality and village in Šumperk District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,500 inhabitants. It is known for the Velké Losiny Castle and for the Paper Mill, which is a national cultural monument.

Olomouc Region
Olomouc Region (Czech: Olomoucký kraj; German: Olmützer Region, pronounced [ˈɔlmʏt͡sɐ ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Polish: Kraj ołomuniecki) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia (Morava) and in a small part of the historical region of Czech Silesia (České Slezsko). It is named for its capital Olomouc.

Olomouc region borders with the Moravian-Silesian Region (in the east), Zlín Region (in the south-east), South Moravian Region (in the south-west) and Pardubice Region (in the west). Furthermore, the region shares a 104 km long border with Poland (in the north).
Gaslight Theatre
The Gaslight Theatre is a nonprofit theatre troupe and venue in Enid, Oklahoma. Founded in 1966 as the Enid Community Theatre, the group stages productions of ten plays per year, including Shakespeare in the Park, musicals, and dinner theatre. Since 1989 Gaslight has called the historic Billings Theatre its home. It is located in the Enid Downtown Historic District.

Enid, Oklahoma
Enid (/ˈiːnɪd/ EE-nid) is the ninth-largest city in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is the county seat of Garfield County. In the 2020 census, the population was 51,308. Enid was founded during the opening of the Cherokee Outlet in the Land Run of 1893, and is named after Enid, a character in Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King. In 1991, the Oklahoma state legislature designated Enid the "purple martin capital of Oklahoma." Enid holds the nickname of "Queen Wheat City" and "Wheat Capital" of Oklahoma and the United States for its immense grain storage capacity, and has the third-largest grain storage capacity in the world.
Cedar Rapids Community School District
The Cedar Rapids Community School District (CRCSD) is a public school district located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It has the second largest enrollment in the state of Iowa. The district has 21 elementary schools, 6 middle schools, 4 high schools, and 1 alternative high school.

The district is in Linn County. In addition to most of Cedar Rapids it serves Hiawatha, most of Robins, and Palo.

Palo, Iowa
Palo is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,407 at the time of the 2020 census. It is part of the Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Palo is located near Pleasant Creek State Recreation Park.
Mestilbol
Mestilbol (brand name Monomestro or Monomestrol), also known as diethylstilbestrol monomethyl ether, is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen of the stilbestrol group related to diethylstilbestrol. It was developed by Wallace & Tiernan Company, patented in 1940, and introduced for medical use in the 1940s, but is now no longer marketed. Mestilbol was available both as oral tablets and in oil for intramuscular injection. The drug is gradually demethylated in the body into diethylstilbestrol and hence is a prodrug of diethylstilbestrol. Mestilbol is a highly active estrogen, although somewhat less so than diethylstilbestrol, but is longer-lasting in comparison.

Nonsteroidal estrogen
A nonsteroidal estrogen is an estrogen with a nonsteroidal chemical structure. The most well-known example is the stilbestrol estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Although nonsteroidal estrogens formerly had an important place in medicine, they have gradually fallen out of favor following the discovery of toxicities associated with high-dose DES starting in the early 1970s, and are now almost never used. On the other hand, virtually all selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are nonsteroidal, with triphenylethylenes like tamoxifen and clomifene having been derived from DES, and these drugs remain widely used in medicine for the treatment of breast cancer among other indications. In addition to pharmaceutical drugs, many xenoestrogens, including phytoestrogens, mycoestrogens, and synthetic endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A, are nonsteroidal substances with estrogenic activity.
Albert VI, Duke of Bavaria
Albert VI of Bavaria (German: Albrecht VI., der Leuchtenberger, Landgraf von Bayern-Leuchtenberg; 26 February 1584 – 5 July 1666) son of William V, Duke of Bavaria and Renata of Lorraine, born and died in Munich.

Renata of Lorraine
Renata of Lorraine (French: Renée de Lorraine, German: Renata von Lothringen; 20 April 1544 – 22 May 1602) was a noblewoman of the House of Lorraine who became a Duchess of Bavaria by her marriage to Duke William V.
Dannemora mine
The Dannemora mine (Dannemora gruvor) at Dannemora in Uppsala County, Sweden  was once one of the most important iron ore mines in Sweden.  The mine was closed by its owners SSAB in 1992.  It may have been open since the 13th century, but the first documentary reference was in 1481.

The mine has a depth of 640 metres and supplied oregrounds iron by the Walloon process (Vallonsmide)  using a blast furnace and finery forge.  Ironworks making sites included Österbybruk and Lövstabruk). Their products were particularly pure iron, due to the manganese content of the iron ore.  This made it the best material for conversion to blister steel, the main variety of steel made in Great Britain between the 1610s and the 1850s.

Finery forge
A finery forge is a forge used to produce wrought iron from pig iron by decarburization in a process called "fining" which involved liquifying cast iron in a fining hearth and removing carbon from the molten cast iron through oxidation. Finery forges were used as early as the 3rd century BC in China. The finery forge process was replaced by the puddling process and the roller mill, both developed by Henry Cort in 1783–4, but not becoming widespread until after 1800.