hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4th Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire
The Fourth Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire was elected in the 1912 Ottoman general election. It was known as the Sopali Seçimler (the election of clubs) because of much electoral fraud and violence between the two main parties, Union and Progress and Freedom and Accord. It was in session for just five months until the Savior Officers shuttered the Parliament in a coup via memorandum.

1912 Ottoman general election
Early general elections were held in the Ottoman Empire in April 1912. The ruling Committee of Union and Progress won 269 of the 275 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, whilst the opposition Freedom and Accord Party only won six seats, a victory widely deemed fraudulent and won through intimidation.

The election became known as the "Election of Clubs" (Sopalı Seçimler) to history, when Rıza Tevfik (Bölükbaşı), who was running for office as an Accordist in Edirne, revealed how he was taken and beaten by Unionist thugs while campaigning in Komotini.
Vori vori
Vori vori is a thick, yellowish soup with little balls made of corn flour and cheese. It is a traditional dish within Paraguayan cuisine. It is of Cario-Guarani. It has been recognized by TasteAtlas on three occasions, in 2023, 2024, and 2025, as the most prestigious soup worldwide.

The name "vorí vorí" comes from the Guarani language. In Guarani, one way of specifying abundance is by the repetition of a word. Therefore, "vorí vorí" means many. The word "vorí", a deformation of the Spanish word "bolita" (meaning little ball). The word passed into Guarani as "borita", (as there is no phoneme L in Guarani) and finally shortened to "vorí". Thus, the literal meaning of vori vori is "plenty of little balls".

Paraguayan cuisine
Paraguayan cuisine is the set of dishes and culinary techniques of Paraguay. It has a marked influence of the Guaraní people combined with the Spanish cuisine and other marked influences coming from the immigration received by bordering countries such as Italian cuisine and German cuisine. The city of Asunción is the epicenter of the distinctive gastronomy that extends in current Paraguay and its areas of influence, which is the reason why is considered the mother of the gastronomy of the Río de la Plata. It is worth clarifying that in the Paraguayan society, the exchange of knowledge between mestizos, creoles and cario-guaraní people occurred before the Jesuit missions.
West Haddon
West Haddon is a village in Northamptonshire, England, about 11 miles (18 km) north-west of Northampton and 7 miles (11 km) east of Rugby and just off the A428 road which by-passes the village. The population of civil parish was 1,718 at the 2011 Census. The villages of West Haddon and Crick were by-passed by the A428 road from Rugby to Northampton when the Daventry International Rail Freight Terminal (DIRFT) was built in 1996 near junction 18 of the M1 motorway, 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the village.

A428 road
The A428 road is a major road in central and eastern England. It runs between the cities of Coventry and Cambridge by way of the county towns of Northampton and Bedford. The A428 was formerly part of the main route from Birmingham to Felixstowe before the A14 was fully opened in 1993. As of January 2026, the eastern section of the A428 (A14/M11 at Cambridge  to the A1 near St Neots) forms part of the route between Cambridge and Oxford via Milton Keynes: from spring 2027, this section is to be redesignated as the part of the A421 and the A428 will terminate at the A421 near Bedford.
Buick Skylark
The Buick Skylark is a passenger car formerly produced by Buick. The model was made in six production runs, during 46 years, over which the car's design varied dramatically due to changing technology, tastes, and new standards implemented over the years. It was named for the species of bird called skylark.

The Skylark name first appeared on a limited production luxury convertible using the Buick Roadmaster's chassis for two years, then was reintroduced in 1961 as a higher luxury content alternative to the entry-level Buick Special on which the Skylark was based. It was then positioned as Buick's luxury performance model when the Buick GSX was offered. As GM began downsizing during the late 1970s, the Skylark became the entry-level model when the Special nameplate was used as a trim package designation, then in the 1980s was offered as a front-wheel-drive vehicle where it was both a coupe and sedan for three different generations.

General Motors 60° V6 engine
The General Motors 60° V6 engine family is a series of 60° V6 engines produced for both longitudinal and transverse applications. All of these engines are 12-valve cam-in-block or overhead valve engines, except for the LQ1 which uses 24 valves driven by dual overhead cams. These engines vary in displacement between 2.8 and 3.4 litres (2,837 and 3,350 cc) and have a cast-iron block and either cast-iron or aluminum heads. Production of these engines began in 1980 and ended in 2005 in the U.S., with production continued in China until 2010. This engine family was the basis for the GM High Value engine family. These engines have also been referred to as the X engines as they were first used in the X-body cars.

This engine is not related to the GMC V6 engine that was designed for commercial vehicle usage.

This engine family was developed by Chevrolet, although it was used by many GM divisions, except for Saturn and Geo.
Sylvatic plague
Sylvatic plague is an infectious bacterial disease caused by the plague bacterium (Yersinia pestis) that primarily affects rodents, such as prairie dogs. It is the same bacterium that causes bubonic and pneumonic plague in humans. Sylvatic, or sylvan, means 'occurring in woodland,' and refers specifically to the form of plague in rural wildlife. Urban plague refers to the form in urban wildlife.

It is primarily transmitted among wildlife through flea bites and contact with infected tissue or fluids. Sylvatic plague is most commonly found in prairie dog colonies and some mustelids, like the black-footed ferret.

Urban plague
Urban plague is an infectious disease among rodent species that live in close association with humans in urban areas. It is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis which is the same bacterium that causes bubonic and pneumonic plague in humans. Plague was first introduced into the United States in 1900 by rat–infested steamships that had sailed from affected areas, mostly from Asia. Urban plague spread from urban rats to rural rodent species, especially among prairie dogs in the western United States.
The Cathedral (Huysmans novel)
The Cathedral (French: La Cathédrale) (1898) is a novel by the French writer Joris-Karl Huysmans. An edition of the 1898 translation with photographs of the cathedral was published in 2011.

It is the third of Huysmans' books to feature the character Durtal, a thinly disguised portrait of the author. He had already featured the character of Durtal in Là-bas and En route, which recounted his conversion to Catholicism. Huysmans' fourth and final novel featuring Durtal was The Oblate, published in 1903.

The Cathedral continues the story. After his retreat at a Trappist monastery, Durtal moves to the city of Chartres, renowned for its Chartres Cathedral. Huysmans describes the building in great detail.

The Oblate
The Oblate (French: L'Oblat) is the last novel by the French writer Joris-Karl Huysmans, first published in 1903.

The Oblate is the final book in Huysmans' cycle of four novels featuring the character Durtal, a thinly disguised portrait of the author himself. Durtal had already appeared in Là-bas, En route and The Cathedral, which traced his (and the author's) conversion to Catholicism.

In The Oblate, Durtal becomes an oblate, reflecting Huysmans' own experiences in the religious community at Ligugé. Like many of Huysmans' other novels, it has little plot. The author uses the book to examine the Christian liturgy, express his opinions about the state of Catholicism in contemporary France and explore the question of suffering.
Mamfe languages
The Mamfe or Nyang languages are three languages that form a branch of Southern Bantoid languages spoken in southwest Cameroon. They are:

Denya, Kendem and Kenyang (Nyang).

They are clearly related to each other, though they are not close.

Kenyang language
Kenyang (Nyang, Banyang, Manyang) is the most spoken  language of the Mamfe language group. It is spoken in the Manyu and Meme departments of the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Kenyang speakers in Cameroon are known as Bayangi (Bayangui) people and are called Bayangi (Bayangui).

There are three main dialects of Kenyang: Lower Kenyang, spoken in Eyumojock and  Mamfe Central subdivisions, Upper Kenyang, spoken in Upper Bayang subdivision and Kitwii, spoken in Meme department. The Upper Kenyang and Lower Kenyang dialects are more closely related to each other than to Kitwii. Variant names of Kitwii include, Kicwe, Twii, Bakoni, Northern Balong, Upper Balong and Manyeman.
Larsa
Larsa (Sumerian: 𒌓𒀕𒆠, romanized: UD.UNUGKI, read Larsamki), also referred to as Larancha/Laranchon (Gk. Λαραγχων) by Berossos and connected with the biblical Ellasar, was an important city-state of ancient Sumer, the center of the cult of the sun god Utu with his temple E-babbar. It lies some 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Uruk in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate, near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal at the site of the modern settlement Tell as-Senkereh or Sankarah.

Larsa is thought to be the source of a number of tablets involving Babylonian mathematics, including the Plimpton 322 tablet that contains patterns of Pythagorean triples.

Arioch
Arioch (Hebrew: אַרְיוֹךְ, romanized: ’Aryōḵ) appears in Genesis 14 as the name of the King of Ellasar (Hebrew: אֶלָּסָר) who participated in the Battle of Siddim. Led by Chedorlaomer, the four kings Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal engaged in a punitive expedition against five kings of Canaan who rebelled against Chedorlaomer, Bera of Sodom, Birsha of Gomorrah, Shinab of Admah, Shemeber of Zeboim, and Zoar of Bela. The same story is also mentioned in the Book of Jubilees, where Arioch is called "king of Sellasar". According to Genesis Apocryphon (col. 21), Arioch was king of Cappadocia.
Nagakute hostage incident
The Nagakute hostage incident (Japanese: 愛知長久手町立てこもり発砲事件) occurred between May 17 and 18, 2007, in Nagakute, Aichi, Japan, when Hisato Obayashi (aged 50) took his ex-wife hostage. The incident lasted for 29 hours and resulted in the death of a SAT member of the Aichi Prefectural Police in the line of duty, as well as injuries to another officer, Obayashi's ex-wife, and children. This incident became the first time a SAT member died in the line of duty.

Nagakute
Nagakute (長久手市, Nagakute-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 61,503 in 24,352 households, and a population density of 2,854 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 21.55 square kilometres (8.32 sq mi). Nagakute is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC).
Charles Heung
Charles Heung Wah-keung (Chinese: 向華強) is a Hong Kong actor-turned-film producer and presenter. As founder of Win's Entertainment in the 1980s and China Star Entertainment Group in the 1990s, he has helped establish the careers of various cinematic icons in Hong Kong that include Stephen Chow, Chow Yun-fat, Johnnie To, Jet Li and Andy Lau, among countless others. Apart from being one of the most successful film producers in Hong Kong, Heung is also one of the most controversial due to his family's triad background.

Betty Ting
Betty Ting (simplified Chinese: 丁佩; traditional Chinese: 丁珮; pinyin: Dīng Pèi; born Tang Mei-li (唐美丽; 唐美麗; Táng Měilì); 19 February 1947) is a Taiwanese former actress who was mainly active in the 1970s. Ting is best known for being the center of international speculation regarding the untimely death of Bruce Lee in her apartment. Ting is credited with over 50 films.
Bloomingdale's
Bloomingdale's Inc. is an upmarket American department store chain founded in 1861 by Joseph Bloomingdale and Lyman Bloomingdale. It was acquired by Federated Department Stores in 1930.  Federated purchased Macy's department store chain in 1994 and was renamed Macy's, Inc. in 2007.

As of 2024, Bloomingdale's had a total of 32 directly-owned department stores, 21 outlet stores and 4 Bloomie's by Bloomingdale's concept stores. Nordstrom is its primary competitor.  Internationally, Bloomingdale's has 3 franchised stores in Dubai and Kuwait.

Comparable sales rose 9% in the third quarter of 2025 — the strongest gain in 13 quarters. In 2025 and 2026, the company added  brands including Chloé, Burberry, Casablanca, Bottega Veneta, Jacquemus, Khaite, Roger Vivier, Skims, and Zimmermann. Its headquarters and flagship store are located at 59th Street and Lexington Avenue in  Manhattan, New York City. Its CEO is Olivier Bron.

Al Tayer Group
Al Tayer Group (Arabic: مجموعة الطاير) is a privately held holding company established in 1979. Currently, the group operates in 6 countries in West Asia, including nearly 200 stores and 23 showrooms in multiple markets in the Middle East.

The company is headquartered in Dubai, UAE and employs nearly 9,000 people.
Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada
The Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada (APF Canada), created by an Act of Parliament in 1984, is an independent, not-for-profit think-tank on Canada's relations with Asia.

Based in Vancouver, with a secondary office in Toronto, APF Canada functions as a knowledge broker, providing current and comprehensive research, analysis and information on Canada's transpacific relations. The Foundation promotes dialogue on economic, security, political and social issues, fostering informed decision-making in the Canadian public, private and non-governmental sectors. APF Canada  also provides grants to support policy research and informed discussion on Canada's relations with Asia.

Asia–Canada relations
Canada has various ties to Asian countries. These include bilateral relations between Canada and individual Asian states and multilateral relations through groups such as Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
Arcade game
An arcade game, or coin-op game, is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars and amusement arcades. Most arcade games are presented as primarily games of skill and include arcade video games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, redemption games or merchandisers.

Motion simulator
A motion simulator or motion platform is a mechanism that creates the feelings of being in a real motion environment.  In a simulator, the movement is synchronised with a visual display of the outside world (OTW) scene.  Motion platforms can provide movement in all of the six degrees of freedom (DOF) that can be experienced by an object that is free to move, such as an aircraft or spacecraft:.  These are the three rotational degrees of freedom (roll, pitch, yaw) and three translational or linear degrees of freedom (surge, heave, sway).
Adjoint representation
In mathematics, the adjoint representation (or adjoint action) of a Lie group G is a way of representing the elements of the group as linear transformations of the group's Lie algebra, considered as a vector space. For example, if G is , the Lie group of real n-by-n invertible matrices, then the adjoint representation is the group homomorphism that sends an invertible n-by-n matrix  to an endomorphism of the vector space of all linear transformations of  defined by: .

For any Lie group, this natural representation is obtained by linearizing (i.e. taking the differential of) the action of G on itself by conjugation. The adjoint representation can be defined for linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields.

Exponential map (Lie theory)
In the theory of Lie groups, the exponential map is a map from the Lie algebra  of a Lie group  to the group, which allows one to recapture the local group structure from the Lie algebra. The existence of the exponential map is one of the primary reasons that Lie algebras are a useful tool for studying Lie groups.

The ordinary exponential function of mathematical analysis is a special case of the exponential map when  is the multiplicative group of positive real numbers (whose Lie algebra is the additive group of all real numbers). The exponential map of a Lie group satisfies many properties analogous to those of the ordinary exponential function, however, it also differs in many important respects.
Armenian ruble
The ruble (Armenian: ռուբլի, Russian: рубль) was the independent currency of the First Republic of Armenia and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic between 1919 and 1923. It replaced the first Transcaucasian ruble at par and was replaced by the second Transcaucasian ruble after Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. No subdivisions of the ruble were issued and the currency existed only as banknotes.

Transcaucasian ruble
The ruble (Russian: рубль, Armenian: ռուբլի), manat (Azerbaijani: منات) or maneti (Georgian: მანეთი) was the currency of both Transcaucasian states, the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic and the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic.
Virtual restaurant
A virtual restaurant, also known as a ghost kitchen, cloud kitchen or dark kitchen, is a food service business that serves customers exclusively by delivery and pick-up based on phone and online ordering. Virtual restaurants are stand-alone businesses that either operate out of an existing restaurant's kitchen or from a separate kitchen set-up away from a restaurant. By not having a full-service restaurant with a storefront and dining room, virtual restaurants can economize by occupying cheaper real estate. The reduced space lowers overall overhead and operational costs, thus yielding higher profit margins, as the price of the food provided is typically not changed. The virtual restaurant's single kitchen format allows for multiple brands to share kitchen space.

Guy Fieri
Guy Ramsay Fieri (US: /fiˈɛdi/ fee-ED-ee, Italian: [ˈfjɛːri]; né Ferry; born January 22, 1968) is an American restaurateur, author, and television presenter. He co-owned three now-defunct restaurants in California. He licenses his name to restaurants in cities all over the world, and is known for hosting various television series on the Food Network. In 2010, The New York Times reported that Fieri had become the "face of the network", bringing an "element of rowdy, mass-market culture to American food television" and that his "prime-time shows attract more male viewers than any others on the network".
Lapkalnys–Paliepiai Forest
The Lapkalnys–Paliepiai Forest (Lithuanian: Lapkalnio–Paliepių miškai) is a forest in Kėdainiai District Municipality and Raseiniai District Municipality, central Lithuania, located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the north east from Ariogala. Covering an area of 3,710 hectares (9,200 acres), it consists of smaller forests: Juodžiai Forest, Lapkalnys Forest, Paliepiai Forest, Pašušvys Forest, Šilainiai Forest. It is on the watershed of the Dubysa (Gynėvė with Lendė and Upytė) and Nevėžis (Pečiupė, Ažytė, Ažynas, Raguva, Skerdūmė) rivers.

As of 2005, 48% of the area was covered by birch, 30% by spruce, 8% by aspen, 5% by ash, 3% by oak, 4% by black alder, 1% by white alder, 1% by pine, 1% by lime tree groups. There is the Zembiškis Forest Botanical Sanctuary in the forest.

Lapkalnys, Skirgailinė, Zembiškis, Paskerdūmiukas, Šulcava, Graužai, Tilindžiai, Paliepiai, Žostautai, Juodžiai, Šliužiai, Daujotėliai and Paliepiukai villages are inside the forest or on its edges.

Zembiškis
Zembiškis (formerly Russian: Жвембишки, Polish: Zębiszki) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Pašušvys, in the midst of the Lapkalnys-Paliepiai Forest. The forest road Skirgailinė-Trankiniai goes through the village. The Zembiškis Forest Botanical Sanctuary is located here.

There was a manor in Zembiškis at the end of the 19th century.
The Snail and the Whale
The Snail and the Whale is a 2003 children's picture book written by Julia Donaldson and illustrated by Axel Scheffler. It won the 2004 Early Years award for the best pre-school book, the 2005 Blue Peter award for Best Book to Read Aloud, and the 2007 Giverny award for Best Science Picture Book. The Snail and the Whale has also been adapted into an unabridged audiobook, a stage play and translated into British Sign Language. In 2019, a short film based on the book was released.

Donaldson has said that it is one of her favourite books, due to its similarity in rhyming style to the works of Edward Lear, of which she was fond of as a child.

Julia Donaldson
Julia Catherine Donaldson CBE (née Shields; born 16 September 1948) is an English writer and playwright, and the 2011–2013 Children's Laureate. She is best known for her popular rhyming stories for children, especially those illustrated by Axel Scheffler, which include The Gruffalo, Room on the Broom and Stick Man. She originally wrote songs for children's television but has concentrated on writing books since the words of one of her songs, "A Squash and a Squeeze", were made into a children's book in 1993. Of her 184 published works, 64 are widely available in bookshops. The remaining 120 are intended for school use and include her Songbirds phonic reading scheme, which is part of the Oxford University Press's Oxford Reading Tree.

In January 2025, Donaldson became Britain's best-selling author, surpassing J.K. Rowling by some 600,000 sales.
Clinical Trial Service Unit
The Clinical Trial Service Unit (CTSU) is a medical research institute within the Nuffield Department of Population Health at Oxford University. It primarily conducts large scale clinical trials (phase III – Final Testing) and epidemiological studies of chronic diseases, especially cancer and vascular conditions. It is located in the Richard Doll Building (RDB) on the Old Road Campus, in Headington, Oxford, England.

Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford
The Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH) is an academic department of the Medical Sciences Division at the University of Oxford. It is located at the Old Road Campus in Headington, Oxford, England, United Kingdom.

The head of department is Prof. Prabhat Jha who took over from the founding head of department Rory Collins in 2025.
Baltimore Transmission
Baltimore Transmission, also known as Baltimore Operations, was a General Motors transmission factory in White Marsh, Maryland, United States. It is located at 10301 Philadelphia Road and operated from December 2000 to May 2019, producing transmissions used in full-size pickup trucks as well as electric motors. The property has been purchased for office and industrial redevelopment.

White Marsh, Maryland
White Marsh is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 9,513 at the 2010 census. White Marsh is a northeast suburb of Baltimore.