hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
P450-containing systems
Any enzyme system that includes cytochrome P450 protein or domain can be called a P450-containing system.

P450 enzymes usually function as a terminal oxidase in multicomponent electron-transfer chains, called P450-containing monooxygenase systems, although self-sufficient, non-monooxygenase P450s have been also described. All known P450-containing monooxygenase systems share common structural and functional domain architecture. Apart from the cytochrome itself, these systems contain one or more fundamental redox domains: FAD-containing flavoprotein or domain, FMN domain, ferredoxin and cytochrome b5. These ubiquitous redox domains, in various combinations, are widely distributed in biological systems. FMN domain, ferredoxin or cytochrome b5 transfer electrons between the flavin reductase (protein or domain) and P450. While P450-containing systems are found throughout all kingdoms of life, some organisms lack one or more of these redox domains.

Cytochrome b5
Cytochromes b5 are ubiquitous electron transport hemoproteins found in animals, plants, fungi and purple phototrophic bacteria. The microsomal and mitochondrial variants are membrane-bound, while bacterial and those from erythrocytes and other animal tissues are water-soluble. The family of cytochrome b5-like proteins includes (besides cytochrome b5 itself) hemoprotein domains covalently associated with other redox domains in flavocytochrome cytochrome b2 (L-lactate dehydrogenase; EC 1.1.2.3), sulfite oxidase (EC 1.8.3.1), plant and fungal nitrate reductases (EC 1.7.1.1, EC 1.7.1.2, EC 1.7.1.3), and plant and fungal cytochrome b5/acyl lipid desaturase fusion proteins.
Minister responsible for Multiculturalism (Manitoba)
The minister responsible for multiculturalism was a government position in the province of Manitoba, Canada. The position was created in 1991, when Bonnie Mitchelson was designated as Minister of Multiculturalism in the government of Gary Filmon. The position was not a full ministerial portfolio and was always held by a member of government with other responsibilities.

In 2012, responsibility for multiculturalism was transferred to the Minister of Immigration and Multiculturalism.

Bonnie Mitchelson
Bonnie Mitchelson (born November 28, 1947) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was a Progressive Conservative member of the Manitoba legislature from 1986 to 2014, and served as a cabinet minister in the government of Gary Filmon from 1988 to 1999.  She also served as interim leader of the Progressive Conservative Party in 2000, following Filmon's resignation.
Illustrated Feature Section
The Illustrated Feature Section (IFS) was a newspaper insert that was distributed to African American newspapers. It was founded by the William B. Ziff Company in November 1929. The IFS was advertised as appearing in "thirty-four of America's most prominent colored newspapers," and had a circulation of at least 185,000 in 1929. It had three editors, George Schuyler (1928–1929), Benjamin J. Davis Jr. (1929–1931),  and Ivy Boone (1931–1932).

Schuyler had his editorship at the height of his journalist career, but left after a few months over issues with William Bernard Ziff Sr.'s management of the insert. Davis' editorship came at the beginning of his career, after graduating from Harvard Law School. Boone was the secretary of Carl J. Murphy, editor of the Baltimore Afro-American.

George Schuyler
George Samuel Schuyler (/ˈskaɪlər/; February 25, 1895 – August 31, 1977) was an American writer, journalist, and social commentator. Known for his outspoken political conservatism and acerbic wit, he was frequently compared with H.L. Mencken. Schuyler began his career in the early 1920s within the progressive black political mainstream as a popular columnist, but maintained a contrarian, maverick position on many contemporary black developments, including the Harlem Renaissance. He became increasingly conservative over the following decades, eventually becoming a Bircher and resolute opponent of the Civil Rights Movement. Alienated from the black mainstream, he died in relative obscurity in 1977. He was the father of noted pianist and journalist Philippa Schuyler.
Calwa, California
Calwa (formerly, Calwa City) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 1,776 at the 2020 census, down from 2,052 at the 2010 census. Calwa is located 4 miles (6.4 km) south-southeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 292 feet (89 m). The name was taken from the acronym for "California Wine Association" (CalWA).

Fresno County, California
Fresno County (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ ⓘ), officially the County of Fresno, is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.
Sabine Parish, Louisiana
Sabine Parish (French: Paroisse de la Sabine) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,155. The parish seat and largest town is Many.

Sabine was one of five parishes created in as many weeks by the Louisiana State Legislature on March 27, 1843. It was created from Natchitoches Parish with the Sabine River as the international boundary between the United States and the Republic of Texas as the western boundary.

Neutral Ground (Louisiana)
The Neutral Ground (also known as the Neutral Strip, the Neutral Territory, and the No Man's Land of Louisiana; sometimes anachronistically referred to as the Sabine Free State) was a disputed area between Spanish Texas and the United States' newly acquired Louisiana Purchase. Local officers of Spain and the United States agreed to leave the Neutral Ground temporarily outside the jurisdiction of either country. The area, now in western Louisiana, had neutral status from 1806 to 1821.
James Cawthorn (artist)
James Cawthorn (1929-2008) was a British critic, a writer and an illustrator, associated through much of his career with Michael Moorcock. ' He was born in Gateshead on 21 December 1929 and died 2 December 2008.

In the 1960s he was the illustrator for covers for New Worlds magazine.

In the early 70s James Cawthorn published his oversized  graphic novel Stormbringer with Savoy Books. about Elric of Melniboné. He also made maps for Michael Moorcock's works (like in The Fantastic Swordsmen).

In 1977 he created adverts for the science-fiction bookshop Dark They Were and Golden Eyed, which were published in Time Out.

He illustrated the novel The Crystal and the Amulet, published in 1986.

Dark They Were and Golden Eyed (bookshop)
Dark They Were and Golden Eyed was a science fiction bookshop and comic book retailer in London during the 1970s; the largest of its kind in Europe. Specialising in science fiction, occultism, and Atlantis, the central London shop also played a key role in bringing American underground comics to the United Kingdom.  It also sold American editions of mainstream science fiction books that were not easily obtained anywhere else.

The shop was named after the short story by Ray Bradbury.
Phoenix Senators
The Phoenix Senators were a minor league baseball team based in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, that played on-and-off from 1915 to 1957. They played in the Rio Grande Association in 1915, the Arizona State League from 1928 to 1930, the Arizona–Texas League from 1931 to 1950 and from 1952 to 1954, the Southwest International League in 1951 and the Arizona–Mexico League (1955–1957). Their home ballparks included Riverside Park and Phoenix Municipal Stadium.

The team became a Baltimore Orioles affiliate in 1954 and the name was changed to the Phoenix Stars. They were replaced by the AAA Phoenix Giants in 1958.

Arizona–Mexico League
The Arizona–Mexico League was a Minor League Baseball league in the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico, that operated as an affiliated Class C league that existed from 1955–58, and then again in 2003 as an independent baseball league. 
Currently, the Arizona–Mexico League has formed as a legal entity as an independent baseball league that is scheduling to begin play in the future. The league office is in operation, with the goal of beginning play in previous league cities. An exact time to start a new season is unknown at this time.
1986 Lambeth London Borough Council election
The 1986 Lambeth London Borough Council election took place on 8 May 1986. All 64 members of Lambeth London Borough Council were elected. The elections took place alongside  local elections in the other London boroughs and elections to local authorities across the United Kingdom.

In the 1986 elections, the Labour Party won 40 seats (up 8 from 1982), the Conservative Party won 21 (down 6), and the SDP–Liberal Alliance won 3 (down 2). Turnout was 43.0%.

Before the 1986 election, the district auditor had identified losses due to the late setting of council rates as part of the rate-capping rebellion, and surcharged the relevant councillors (half of the total), disqualifying them from office and barring them from standing again for five years.  This reduced the Labour Group on the council from the 32 elected in 1982 to 3 going into the election.

Lambeth London Borough Council
Lambeth London Borough Council, which styles itself Lambeth Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Lambeth in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2006. The council meets at Lambeth Town Hall in Brixton and has its main offices at the nearby Civic Centre.
Paris Métro entrances by Hector Guimard
Between 1900 and 1913, Hector Guimard was responsible for the first generation of entrances to the underground stations of the Paris Métro. His Art Nouveau designs in cast iron and glass dating mostly to 1900, and the associated lettering that he also designed, created what became known as the Métro style (style Métro) and popularized Art Nouveau. However, arbiters of style were scandalized and the public was also less enamored of his more elaborate entrances. In 1904 his design for the Opéra station at Place de l'Opéra was rejected and his association with the Métro ended; many of his station entrances have been demolished, including all three of the pavilion type (at Bastille and on Avenue de Wagram at Étoile). Those that remain are now all protected historical monuments, one has been reconstituted, and some originals and replicas also survive outside France.

Hôtel de Ville station
Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation: [otɛl də vil] ⓘ, literally "City Hall") is a rapid transit station on lines 1 and 11 of the Paris Métro. It is named after the nearby Hôtel de Ville de Paris (City Hall) and is located within the fourth arrondissement of Paris.
Niklaus Gerber
Niklaus Gerber (8 June 1850 – 9 February 1914) was a Swiss dairy chemist and industrialist. He was born in 1850 in Thun, Switzerland. He attended the University of Bern and University of Zurich, studied chemistry in Paris and Munich and spent 2 years at the Swiss-American Milk Co. in Little Falls, New York.

University of Bern
The University of Bern (German: Universität Bern, French: Université de Berne, Latin: Universitas Bernensis) is a public research university in the Swiss capital of Bern. It was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 19,000 students, the University of Bern is the third largest university in Switzerland.
5th District Appellate Court
The 5th District Appellate Court is located in Mount Vernon, Illinois, an incorporated town in Jefferson County.  The building was originally constructed for the southern division of the Illinois Supreme Court, which was created by the 1848 Illinois constitution. Construction on the Greek Revival building began in 1854. Illinois' 1870 constitution established appellate courts, and this building then shared space with the fourth district until 1897 when all supreme court sessions moved to Springfield.  The building presently houses the 5th District Appellate Court.

This building has been on the National Register of Historic Places since July 2, 1973. It is one of two sites on the National Register in Jefferson County; the other, in the village of Belle Rive, is the C. H. Judd House.

Mount Vernon, Illinois
Mount Vernon is a city in Jefferson County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The population was 14,600 at the 2020 census. Mount Vernon is the principal city of the Mount Vernon, Illinois micropolitan area, which includes all of Jefferson and Hamilton counties.
Mile City
Mile (Chinese: 弥勒市; pinyin: Mílè Shì; [mǐlɤ̂ ʂî]; Hani language: Miqleiq Siif; Yi: ꂱꇍꏃ) is a county-level city located in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China. It is named after the Maitreya Buddha, for which there was a temple located on a nearby mountain, making it the only city in China named after a Buddha. It is a center for sugar and tobacco production in Yunnan.

Nasu language
The Nasu language, also known as the Eastern Yi language or Naisu, Luquan Yi, Wuding Yi, Guizhou Yi, Weining Yi, Guangxi Yi or Longlin Yi, is a Loloish language spoken by the Yi people of China. Nasu and Wusa are two of six Yi languages recognized by the Government of China. Unlike most written Yi languages, Nasu uses the Pollard script. A distinct form of the Yi script was traditionally used for Wusa, though few can still read it.

The Nasu language is also known as the Black Yi language, but this name is no longer used.
Szwałk
Szwałk [ʂfau̯k] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kowale Oleckie, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Kowale Oleckie, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Olecko, and 120 km (75 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Kowale Oleckie
Gmina Kowale Oleckie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kowale Oleckie, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of Olecko and 133 km (83 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 251.61 square kilometres (97.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,371.
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, also known as AICDA, AID and single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase, is a 24 kDa enzyme which in humans is encoded by the AICDA gene.  It creates mutations in DNA by deamination of cytosine base, which turns it into uracil (which is recognized as a thymine).  In other words, it changes a C:G base pair into a U:G mismatch.  The cell's DNA replication machinery recognizes the U as a T, and hence C:G is converted to a T:A base pair. During germinal center development of B lymphocytes, error-prone DNA repair following AID action also generates other types of mutations, such as C:G to A:T. AID is a member of the APOBEC family.

In B cells in the lymph nodes, AID causes mutations that produce antibody diversity, but that same mutation process can also lead to B cell lymphoma.

Deamination
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases.

In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of excess protein intake, deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy. The amino group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia. The rest of the amino acid is made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen, and is recycled or oxidized for energy. Ammonia is toxic to the human system, and enzymes convert it to urea or uric acid by addition of carbon dioxide molecules (which is not considered a deamination process) in the urea cycle, which also takes place in the liver. Urea and uric acid can safely diffuse into the blood and then be excreted in urine.
Catharine, New York
Catharine is a town in Schuyler County, New York, United States.  The population was 1,656 at the 2020 census. The town is one of two in the county named after Catherine Montour, a Native American interpreter and leader in the area. The Town of Catharine is in the southeastern part of the county and is north of Elmira.

Schuyler County, New York
Schuyler County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,898, making it the second-least populous county in New York. The county seat is the village of Watkins Glen. The name is in honor of General Philip Schuyler, one of the four major generals in the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
United States Army Signal Corps
The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) is a branch of the United States Army responsible for creating and managing communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It manages new technologies and portfolios that are eventually transferred to other U.S. government entities; such responsibilities include military intelligence, weather forecasting, and aviation.

Tony Randall
Anthony Leonard Randall (born Aryeh Leonard Rosenberg; February 26, 1920 – May 17, 2004) was an American actor, comedian, director, producer and singer, active in film, television and stage.

He is best known for portraying the role of Felix Unger in the 1970–1975 television adaptation of the 1965 play The Odd Couple by Neil Simon. In a career spanning six decades, Randall received six Golden Globe Award nominations and six Primetime Emmy Award nominations, winning one Emmy.
Borg (microbiology)
Borgs are large (up to ~1 Mbp) extrachromosomal linear DNA elements found in methanotrophic archaea (specifically Methanoperedens spp.) that live in oxygen-starved environments such as deep mud. They have been found in organisms isolated from wetland, aquifer, and riverbed environments, as well as a deserted mercury mine, in California and Colorado. They were first described by Basem Al-Shayeb and Jill Banfield in 2022.

The nature of Borgs remains unclear; they are thought to be "giant linear plasmids" or giant viruses. At least 19 different types have been identified, all of which co-occur within Methanoperedens, which shares many of their genes. Methanoperedens' main chromosome is only about three times larger than the Borgs it hosts. It is speculated that Borgs may augment Methanoperedens' capacity for anaerobic oxidation of methane and protein production.

Anaerobic oxidation of methane
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a methane-consuming microbial process occurring in anoxic marine and freshwater sediments. AOM is known to occur among mesophiles, but also in psychrophiles, thermophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, and alkophiles. During AOM, methane is oxidized with different terminal electron acceptors such as sulfate, nitrate, nitrite and metals, either alone or in syntrophy with a partner organism.
Courtney McCool
Courtney Lynn McCool-Griffeth (born April 1, 1988) is an American former artistic gymnast who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics. She was coached by Al and Armine Fong of Great American Gymnastic Express.

From 2007–2010, McCool competed for the University of Georgia. In that time, the team won three NCAA national titles. She is currently an assistant coach and choreographer for the LSU Tigers team.

Great American Gymnastics Express
Great American Gymnastics Express, known also as GAGE Center or GAGE, is an American artistic gymnastics academy in Blue Springs, Missouri. GAGE was founded in 1979 by Al Fong, who remains its head coach.

In December 2025, Fong was suspended for five years by the U.S. Center for SafeSport; his wife, also a coach at the gym, received a one-year suspension. Two months later, USA Gymnastics terminated the gym's membership over allegations of abuse and non-compliance with safety codes and suspensions.
KIF15
Kinesin family member 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF15 gene.

This gene encodes a motor protein that is part of the kinesin superfamily.  KIF15 maintains half spindle separation by opposing forces generated by other motor proteins. KIF15 co-localizes with microtubules and actin filaments in both dividing cells and in postmitotic neurons.

Kinesin
A kinesin is a protein complex belonging to a class of motor proteins found in eukaryotic cells. Kinesins move along microtubule (MT) filaments and are powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (thus kinesins are ATPases, a type of enzyme). The active movement of kinesins supports several cellular functions including mitosis, meiosis and transport of cellular cargo, such as in axonal transport, and intraflagellar transport. Most kinesins walk towards the plus end of a microtubule, which, in most cells, entails transporting cargo such as protein and membrane components from the center of the cell towards the periphery. This form of transport is known as anterograde transport. In contrast, dyneins are motor proteins that move toward the minus end of a microtubule in retrograde transport.
Abdi Farah Said Juha
Abdi Farah Saed Juxa is a Somali novelist, poet and politician currently serving as the Puntland minister of interior. He previously served as Puntland's minister of education. On 21 March 2017, he was appointed as Somalia's Minister of Interior and Federal Affairs by Prime Minister Hassan Ali Khaire. Juxaa has been served Puntland Minister of Interior Affairs since 28 September 2022.

Juxa belongs to the Isse Mohamoud sub-clan of the Majeerteen clan.

Isse Mohamoud
Isse Mohamoud or Eisse Mahmoud (Somali: Ciise Maxamuud; Arabic: عِيْسَىُ مَحَمُوْدً) is a prominent sub-clan within the Majertein clan in Somalia, comprising a significant population in four regional states primarily located in Puntland.
Core-Plus Mathematics Project
Core-Plus Mathematics is a high school mathematics program consisting of a four-year series of print and digital student textbooks and supporting materials for teachers, developed by the Core-Plus Mathematics Project (CPMP) at Western Michigan University, with funding from the National Science Foundation. Development of the program started in 1992. The first edition, entitled Contemporary Mathematics in Context: A Unified Approach, was completed in 1995. The third edition, entitled Core-Plus Mathematics: Contemporary Mathematics in Context, was published by McGraw-Hill Education in 2015. All rights were returned to the authors in 2024, who have made all textbooks freely available.

McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill, Inc. is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio.