hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium level
In meteorology, the equilibrium level (EL), or level of neutral buoyancy (LNB), or limit of convection (LOC), is the height at which a rising parcel of air is at the same temperature as its environment.

This means that unstable air is now stable when it reaches the equilibrium level and convection stops. This level is often near the tropopause and can be indicated as near where the anvil of a thunderstorm because it is where the thunderstorm updraft is finally cut off, except in the case of overshooting tops where it continues rising to the maximum parcel level (MPL) due to momentum. More precisely, the cumulonimbus will stop rising around a few kilometres prior to reaching the level of neutral buoyancy and on average anvil glaciation occurs at a higher altitude over land than over sea (despite little difference in LNB from land to sea).

Overshooting top
An overshooting top (or penetrating top) is a dome-like protrusion shooting out of the top of the anvil of a thunderstorm and into the lower stratosphere. When an overshooting top is present for 10 minutes or longer, it is a strong indication that the storm is severe.
Wizard's Challenge
Wizard's Challenge is a 1992 adventure by Tim Beach for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, published by TSR in their One-On-One series. The sequel Wizard's Challenge II by Kevin Melka appeared in 1994.

Wizard's Challenge II
Wizard's Challenge II is a 1994 adventure module by Kevin Melka for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. It is a sequel to 1992's Wizard's Challenge by Tim Beach.
Diocese of Pavia
The Diocese of Pavia (Latin: Dioecesis Papiensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals.

The seat of the bishop is the Cattedrale di Maria Assunta e S. Stefano Protomartire in Pavia. The current bishop of Pavia is Corrado Sanguineti, appointed by Pope Francis on 1 December 2015.

Pope Julius III
Pope Julius III (Latin: Iulius PP. III; Italian: Giulio III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 February 1550 to his death, in March 1555.

After a career as a distinguished and effective diplomat, Julius was elected to the papacy as a compromise candidate after the death of Paul III. As pope, he made only reluctant and short-lived attempts at reform, mostly devoting himself to a life of personal pleasure. His reputation, and that of the Catholic Church, were greatly harmed by his scandal-ridden relationship with his adopted nephew, Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte. He is the most recent pope to take the pontifical name "Julius".
Spinning Dragons
Spinning Dragons is a spinning roller coaster located at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. Manufactured by Gerstlauer, it was the second ride of its kind in the world after the Fairly Odd Coaster at Mall of America's Nickelodeon Universe. The ride was built in the East Asia area of the park in 2004 following the retirement of the Orient Express the previous year. The ride was installed by Ride Entertainment Group, who handles all of Gerstlauer's operations in the Western Hemisphere.

Fairly Odd Coaster
Fairly Odd Coaster (known formerly as Timberland Twister) is a spinning roller coaster themed to The Fairly OddParents that opened on March 15, 2004, at Nickelodeon Universe in the Mall of America. Individual cars have two rows facing each other and each car spins independently throughout the course of the ride. The ride is geared toward families. The ride was installed by Ride Entertainment Group, who handles all of Gerstlauer's operations in the Western Hemisphere.
Giuseppe Levi
Giuseppe Levi (14 October 1872 – 3 February 1965) was an Italian anatomist and histologist, professor of human anatomy (since 1916) at the universities of Sassari, Palermo and Turin. He was a pioneer of in vitro studies of cultured cells, and contributed to the study of the nervous system, especially on the plasticity of sensory ganglion cells. While in Turin, Levi tutored three students who later won the Nobel Prize: Salvador Luria, Renato Dulbecco and Rita Levi-Montalcini.

He was admitted as a national member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in 1926. In 1931 he subscribed to the oath of allegiance to the Fascist regime imposed to university professors.

Rita Levi-Montalcini
Rita Levi-Montalcini  (born Rita Levi; 22 April 1909 – 30 December 2012) was an Italian neurobiologist. She was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with colleague Stanley Cohen for the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF).

From 2001 until her death, she also served in the Italian Senate as a senator for life. This honor was given due to her significant scientific contributions. On 22 April 2009, she became the first Nobel laureate to reach the age of 100, and the event was feted with a party at Rome's City Hall.
Chavit Singson
Luis Crisologo "Chavit" Singson (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈtʃavɪt ˈsiŋson]; born June 21, 1941) is a Filipino businessman and politician who last served as the mayor of Narvacan, Ilocos Sur from 2019 to 2022. He was also the governor of the province of Ilocos Sur, starting from 1972 until 1986, again from 1992 until 2001, again from 2004 to 2007, and again from 2010 until 2013. He was also the Deputy National Security Adviser for the Philippine government (2008).

Singson ran for senator under Team Unity in 2007, but lost.

Ilocos Sur
Ilocos Sur (lit. 'South Ilocos'), officially the Province of Ilocos Sur (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Ilocos Sur; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Ilocos Sur), is a province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. Located on the mouth of the Mestizo River is the capital of Vigan, while Candon is the most-populous city. Ilocos Sur is bordered by Ilocos Norte and Abra to the north, Mountain Province to the east, La Union and Benguet to the south and the South China Sea to the west.

Ilocos Sur was established in 1818 when the province of Ilocos was split into two: the north (now Ilocos Norte) and the south (Ilocos Sur). At that time, it included parts of Abra and the upper half of present-day La Unión. The current boundaries of the province set in March 1917 by virtue of Act No. 2683.

The province is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, namely, the Heritage City of Vigan and the Santa Maria Basilica Shrine.
Bolt (firearms)
A bolt is the part of a repeating, breechloading firearm that blocks the rear opening (breech) of the barrel chamber while the propellant burns, and moves back and forward to facilitate loading/unloading of cartridges from the magazine.  The firing pin and extractor are often integral parts of the bolt.  The terms "breechblock" and "bolt" are often used interchangeably or without a clear distinction, though usually, a bolt is a type of breechblock that has a nominally circular cross-section.

In most automatic firearms that use delayed blowback, recoil, or gas operation, the bolt itself is housed within the larger bolt carrier group (BCG), which contains additional parts that receives rearward push from a gas tube (direct impingement) or a gas piston (short-stroke or long-stroke piston) system. The slide of a self-loading pistol contains the same components and serves similar functions.

Breechblock
A breechblock (or breech block) is the part of the firearm action that closes the breech of a breech loading weapon (whether small arms or artillery) before or at the moment of firing. It seals the breech and contains the pressure generated by the ignited propellant. Retracting the breechblock allows the chamber to be loaded with a cartridge.

Breechblocks are categorised by the type or design of the mechanism by which it is locked or closed for firing. The firearm action more fully refers to the mechanism by which the operator actuates the opening and closing of the breech.
Kona Kato
Kona Kato (Japanese: 加藤虎於奈, Kato Kona; born March 23, 1996) is a Japanese kickboxer, currently competing in the welterweight division of K-1. A professional competitor since 2017, Kato is the former Krush welterweight champion.

As of September 2022, Combat Press ranks him as the tenth best super featherweight kickboxer in the world.

Riki Matsuoka
Riki Matsuoka (Japanese: 松岡 力, Matsuoka Riki; born November 16, 1993) is a Japanese kickboxer, currently competing in the welterweight division of K-1. He is the former Krush welterweight champion.

As of April 2023, Combat Press ranks him as the tenth best super featherweight kickboxer in the world.
51st Highland Volunteers
The 51st Highland Volunteers (51 HIGHLAND) is a battalion in the British Army's Army Reserve or reserve force in the Scottish Highlands, forming the 7th Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland, also known as 7 SCOTS. It is one of two Reserve battalions in the Royal Regiment of Scotland, along with 52nd Lowland (6 SCOTS), a similar unit located in the Scottish Lowlands.

Originally formed as the 51st Highland Volunteers in 1967, as a result of the amalgamation of Territorial Battalions within the infantry Regiments of the Highland Brigade, the name commemorated the 51st (Highland) Division of the Territorial Force, within which many of the Regiment's antecedent Territorial Battalions served during the First and Second World Wars.

Lovat Scouts
The Lovat Scouts was a British Army unit first formed during the Second Boer War as a Scottish Highland yeomanry regiment. They were the first known military unit to wear a ghillie suit, and were renowned for their elite reconnaissance capabilities. In 1916, the Lovat Scouts formally became the British Army's first sniper unit, then known as "sharpshooters". The regiment served in the First World War and Second World War.
Silver Lake, Essex County, New Jersey
Silver Lake is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, that is split between Belleville (with 3,769 of the CDP's residents) and Bloomfield (474 of the total). As of the 2010 United States census, the CDP's total population was 4,243.

Bloomfield, New Jersey
Bloomfield is a township in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, and an inner-ring suburb of Newark. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 53,105, an increase of 5,790 (+12.2%) from the 2010 census count of 47,315, which in turn reflected a decline of 368 (-0.8%) from the 47,683 counted in the 2000 census. It is the location of the Bloomfield Green Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Crista galli
The crista galli (Latin: "crest of the rooster") is a wedge-shaped, vertical, midline upward continuation of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone of the skull, projecting above the cribriform plate into the cranial cavity. It serves as an attachment for the membranes surrounding the brain.

Ethmoid bone
The ethmoid bone (/ˈɛθmɔɪd/; from Ancient Greek: ἡθμός, romanized: hēthmós, lit. 'sieve') is an unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. It is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical (cube-shaped) bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that make up the orbit of the eye.
Toson Thermal Power Plant
The Toson Thermal Power Plant (Mongolian: Тосон Цахилгаан Станц) is a coal-fired power station in Tosontsengel District, Zavkhan Province, Mongolia. It is the first privately owned power station in the country.

Tosontsengel, Zavkhan
Tosontsengel (Mongolian: Тосонцэнгэл, meaning 'Oil happiness') is a sum of Zavkhan Province (aimag) in western Mongolia. It is the largest sum and sum centre in Zavkhan aimag after its capital, Uliastai.
Bauladu
Bauladu, (Sardinian: Baulàu) meaning "wide ford", is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 732 and an area of 24.2 square kilometres (9.3 sq mi).

Bauladu borders the following municipalities: Bonarcado, Milis, Paulilatino, Solarussa, Tramatza.

Tramatza
Tramatza is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,007 and an area of 16.8 square kilometres (6.5 sq mi).

Tramatza borders the following municipalities: Bauladu, Milis, San Vero Milis, Siamaggiore, Solarussa, Zeddiani.
HMS Melampus (1820)
HMS Melampus was a 46-gun modified Leda-class fifth-rate frigate built for the Royal Navy during the 1810s. Completed in 1820, she was not commissioned until 1845 for the South America Station and was converted into a store and receiving ship in 1855. The ship was briefly assigned as a coast guard ship before being paid off in 1858. Melampus was converted into a Roman Catholic chapel ship in 1866 and then became a store ship twenty years later. The ship was sold for scrap in 1906.

Leda-class frigate
The Leda-class frigates were a ship class of forty-seven 38-gun fifth-rate frigates constructed from 1805 to 1832 for the Royal Navy. Based on a French design, the class came in five major groups, all with minor differences in their design. During their careers, they fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. Forty-five of the 47 were eventually scrapped; two still exist: HMS Trincomalee and HMS Unicorn.
Land reclamation in Monaco
Land reclamation is done in Monaco through a policy of building land in the sea with concrete blocks because land is very scarce, as the country is comparatively tiny, at 2.08 km2 (0.80 sq mi). To solve this problem and to continue economic development, for years the country has added to its total land area by reclaiming land from the sea.

Le Portier
Le Portier (French pronunciation: [lə pɔʁtje]), sometimes referred to as Portier Cove or Mareterra, is a residential area opened in December 2024. It forms a part of the Quartier (ward) of Larvotto in the Principality of Monaco.
2008 Glenrothes by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Glenrothes was held on 6 November 2008, following the death of incumbent Labour Party MP John MacDougall. It was won by Lindsay Roy, who held the seat for Labour.

Glenrothes and Mid Fife
Glenrothes and Mid Fife (/ɡlɛnˈrɒθɪs/) is a constituency in Scotland in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament, represented by Richard Baker of the Labour Party since the 2024 general election. The seat was previously held by Peter Grant of the Scottish National Party (SNP). The seat includes the major settlements of Glenrothes, Levenmouth (part of), Lochgelly, Kelty and Cardenden.

It was created at the 2005 general election as Glenrothes, and renamed as Glenrothes and Mid Fife for the 2024 general election under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies.
Paderna
Paderna is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Paderna borders the following municipalities: Carezzano, Costa Vescovato, Spineto Scrivia, Tortona, and Villaromagnano.

Villaromagnano
Villaromagnano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Villaromagnano borders the following municipalities: Carbonara Scrivia, Cerreto Grue, Costa Vescovato, Paderna, Sarezzano, Spineto Scrivia, and Tortona.
Condensin
Condensins are large protein complexes that play a central role in chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis and meiosis (Figure 1). Their subunits were originally identified as major components of mitotic chromosomes assembled in Xenopus egg extracts.

HEAT repeat
A HEAT repeat is a protein tandem repeat structural motif composed of two alpha helices linked by a short loop. HEAT repeats can form alpha solenoids, a type of solenoid protein domain found in a number of cytoplasmic proteins. The name "HEAT" is an acronym for four proteins in which this repeat structure is found: Huntingtin, elongation factor 3 (EF3), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and the yeast kinase TOR1. HEAT repeats form extended superhelical structures which are often involved in intracellular transport; they are structurally related to armadillo repeats. The nuclear transport protein importin beta contains 19 HEAT repeats.
Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper
Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Panda Bear (aka Noah Lennox). Coproduced by Sonic Boom of Spacemen 3, it was released on January 9, 2015, by the Domino Recording Company. Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper was preceded by the digital release of an extended play, Mr Noah, and two singles, "Mr Noah" and "Boys Latin". It was followed by the extended play Crosswords.

Mr Noah
Mr Noah is the first EP by American recording artist Panda Bear, released in 2014.

The title track was later featured on the 2015 full-length album Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper, while the other three songs were not.
2020–21 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team
The 2020–21 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team represented the University of Illinois in the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by fourth-year head coach Brad Underwood, the Illini played their home games at the State Farm Center in Champaign, Illinois as members of the Big Ten Conference.  They finished the season 24–7, 16–4 in Big Ten play to finish in second place. They defeated Rutgers, Iowa, and Ohio State to win the Big Ten tournament and receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Making their first tournament appearance since 2013. They entered as the No. 1 seed in the Midwest region, they defeated Drexel in the First Round before being upset by No. 8-seeded Loyola–Chicago in the Second Round.

2020–21 Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball team
The 2020–21 Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball team represented Rutgers University–New Brunswick during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Scarlet Knights were led by fifth-year head coach Steve Pikiell and played their home games at the Rutgers Athletic Center in Piscataway, New Jersey as seventh-year members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 16–12, 10–10 in Big Ten play to finish in a tie for sixth place. As the No. 7 seed in the Big Ten tournament, they defeated Indiana in the second round before losing to Illinois in the quarterfinals. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament, their first NCAA Tournament appearance since 1991. As the No.10 seed in the Midwest region, they defeated Clemson in the first round before losing to Houston in the second round.
Soresina
Soresina (Soresinese: Suresìna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cremona.

It received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 27 October 1962.

Soresina borders the following municipalities: Annicco, Cappella Cantone, Casalmorano, Castelleone, Cumignano sul Naviglio, Genivolta, Trigolo.

Trigolo
Trigolo (locally Trìgol) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Trigolo borders the following municipalities: Castelleone, Cumignano sul Naviglio, Fiesco, Salvirola, Soresina.
Eleanor Marx
Jenny Julia Eleanor Marx (16 January 1855 – 31 March 1898), sometimes called Eleanor Aveling and known to her family as Tussy, was the English-born youngest daughter of Karl Marx. She was herself a socialist activist who sometimes worked as a literary translator. In March 1898, after discovering that her partner Edward Aveling had secretly married the previous year, she poisoned herself at the age of 43.

Henry Hyndman
Henry Mayers Hyndman (/ˈhaɪndmən/; 7 March 1842 – 22 November 1921) was an English writer, politician and socialist.

Originally a conservative, he was converted to socialism by Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto and launched Britain's first socialist political party, the Democratic Federation, later known as the Social Democratic Federation, in 1881.

Although this body attracted radicals such as William Morris and George Lansbury, Hyndman was generally disliked as an authoritarian who could not unite his party. Nonetheless, Hyndman was the first author to popularise Marx's works in English.
Chuck Renslow
Charles "Chuck" Renslow (August 26, 1929 – June 29, 2017) was an American businessman, known for pioneering homoerotic male photography in the mid-20th-century US, and establishing many landmarks of late-20th-century gay culture and leather culture, especially in the Chicago area. His accomplishments included the cofounding with Tony DeBlase of the Leather Archives & Museum, the co-founding with Dom Orejudos of the Gold Coast bar, Man's Country bathhouse, and the International Mr. Leather competition, and the founding by himself alone of Chicago's August White Party, and the magazines Triumph, Rawhide, and Mars. He was a romantic partner of Dom Orejudos as well as Chuck Arnett, Samuel Steward, David Grooms, and Ron Ehemann.

Chuck Arnett
Charles "Chuck" Arnett (February 15, 1928 – March 2, 1988) was an American visual artist and dancer who was born in Bogalusa, Louisiana, and died in San Francisco. His best-known work is the Tool Box mural (1962).
Chase Owens
Steven Owens (born March 7, 1990), better known by his ring name Chase Owens, is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he is a member of House of Torture. Owens is a three-time IWGP Tag Team Champion, having won the belts twice with Kenta and once with Bad Luck Fale. He has also won the provisional KOPW trophy once. For much of his tenure in NJPW, Owens has been a member of Bullet Club, but was also briefly affiliated with the stable's sub-groups the War Dogs and The Elite.

Best of the Super Juniors
The Best of the Super Juniors (stylized as the BEST OF THE SUPER Jr. and often abbreviated BOSJ) is an annual professional wrestling tournament held by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), typically in May or June. Originally known as Top of the Super Juniors, the first tournament was held in 1988 with annual tournaments taking place since 1991. The wrestlers in the tournament are typically junior heavyweight wrestlers from promotions all over the world. NJPW has held 29 Super Juniors tournaments. Hiromu Takahashi holds the record for most tournament wins with four. Takahashi is also the only wrestler to have won three consecutive tournaments. Kanemoto holds the record for the most final appearances, having wrestled eight finals between 1997 and 2009. Liger has participated in the most tournaments, competing in all tournaments except 1995 and 2000 until his 26th and final Super Junior tournament in 2017.