hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Island (Zamoskvorechye)
Island (or Zamoskvorechye) is an area in Moscow. It is made up of an artificial island and is located right across from the Kremlin between the Moskva River and its old riverbed, which was turned into the Vodootvodny Canal in 1786. It does not have any historical, official or established name. In the relevant sources it is referred to simply as the Island.

The island a part of the historical Zamoskvorechye area. The island itself was split into four localities: Bersenevka (Russian: Берсе́невка), Boloto (Russian: Боло́то, swamp), Balchug (Russian: Ба́лчуг), Sadovniki (Russian: Садовники, after the gardens).

Despite the lack of the name proper in some popular publications the island was either referred to by the name of one of the localities on it: Balchug, Bolotny, Sadovnicheskiy or due to its proximity to the Kremlin as Kremlevskiy or due to its land value as Zolotoy (after gold) or simply Bezymyanniy (nameless).

Bolshoy Krasnokholmsky Bridge
55°44′12″N 37°38′49″E﻿ / ﻿55.73667°N 37.64694°E﻿ / 55.73667; 37.64694
Bolshoy Krasnokholmsky Bridge (Russian: Большо́й Краснохо́лмский мост) is a steel arch bridge that spans Moskva River in downtown Moscow, Russia, carrying Garden Ring between Tagansky District and Zamoskvorechye Districts. It was completed in 1938 by V.M.Vakhurkin (structural engineering),  G.P.Golts and D.M.Sobolev (architectural design). Its main span is the widest arch span in Moscow (168 meters).
Vranje shooting
The Vranje shooting was a mass shooting that occurred on June 3, 1993, in Vranje, Yugoslavia. The shooting took place in the South Morava Brigade barracks of the Yugoslav Army. Private Jožef Meneder escaped from a detention cell, attacked a security guard and confiscated his weapon. He then killed six privates and one ensign, and wounded four more privates, before shooting and killing himself.

Vranje
Vranje (Serbian Cyrillic: Врање, pronounced [ʋrâɲɛ] ⓘ) is a city in Southern Serbia and the administrative center of the Pčinja District. According to the 2022 census, the city itself had a population of 55,214 while the city administrative area had 74,381 inhabitants.

Vranje is the economical, political and cultural centre of the Pčinja District in Southern Serbia. It was the first city from the Balkans to be declared UNESCO city of Music in 2019. It is located on the Pan-European Corridor X, close to the borders with North Macedonia, Kosovo and Bulgaria. The Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Vranje is seated in the city, as is the 4th Land Force Brigade of the Serbian Army.
Order of the Holy Spirit
The Order of the Holy Spirit (French: Ordre du Saint-Esprit; sometimes translated into English as the Order of the Holy Ghost) is a French order of chivalry founded by Henry III of France in 1578. Today, it is a dynastic order under the House of France.

It should not be confused with the Congregation of the Holy Ghost or with the religious Order of the Holy Ghost. It was the senior chivalric order of France by precedence, although not by age, since the Order of Saint Michael was established more than a century earlier.

Although officially abolished by the government authorities in 1830 following the July Revolution, its activities carried on. It is still recognised by the International Commission for Orders of Chivalry.

Louis I of Naples
Louis I (Italian: Luigi, Aloisio, or Ludovico ; 1320 – 26 May 1362), also known as Louis of Taranto, was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou who reigned as King of Naples, Count of Provence and Forcalquier, and Prince of Taranto.

Louis gained the crown of Naples by marrying his half-first cousin/ first cousin-once-removed, Queen Joanna I, whose prior husband, Andrew, had died as a result of a conspiracy that may have involved both of them. Immediately after securing his status as her co-ruler, Louis successfully wrested away all power from his wife, leaving her a sovereign in name only. Their disastrous marriage resulted in the birth of two daughters, Catherine and Frances, neither of whom survived their parents. During their joint reign, Louis dealt with numerous uprisings, attacks, and unsuccessful military operations; he is generally considered an inefficient monarch. Following his death, Joanna resumed her power and refused to share it with her subsequent husbands.
Postage stamps and postal history of Sharjah
Civil mail from Sharjah went through the post office in Dubai until 1963. Military mail from the British Forces stationed in the area went through the RAF airport in Sharjah.

On 10 July 1963, Sharjah opened its own post office and began to issue its stamps and postal stationery under the name of Sharjah & Dependencies (which included Kalba, Khor Fakkan, and Dibba). There were also unauthorized overprints using Hamriyah, a frequently secessionist coastal town but officially subject to Sharjah and which never gained recognition as a Trucial State in its own right.

Sharjah and its dependencies joined the United Arab Emirates on 2 December 1971, but continued to issue its own stamps. On 31 July 1972, the UAE assumed full postal responsibilities. Nevertheless, Sharjah continued to use its own stamps until the issuance of the first UAE definitive series on 1 January 1973. Covers with mixed UAE and Sharjah frankings are known.

Emirate of Sharjah
The Emirate of Sharjah (/ˈʃɑːrdʒə/; Arabic: إِمَارَة ٱلشَّارِقَة Imārat Aš-Šāriqah) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates. It covers 2,900 square kilometres (1,100 sq mi) and has a population of over 1,800,000 (2022). It comprises the capital city of Sharjah, after which it is named, and other minor towns and exclaves such as Kalba, Al Dhaid, Dibba Al-Hisn and Khor Fakkan.

The emirate is an absolute monarchy. It has been ruled by Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi since 1972, except for a seven-day period during an attempted coup d'etat by his brother, Sheikh Abd al-Aziz bin Muhammad Al Qasimi.
Paul Burke (rugby union, born 1973)
Paul Burke (born 1 May 1973), educated at Epsom College in Surrey, is an Irish rugby union player who played at Fly Half.  He has formerly played for Cork Constitution, London Irish, Munster, Bristol, Cardiff and Harlequins. He signed for English club Leicester Tigers for the 2006–7 season and helped take the team to three finals in that year.  The 2007–2008 season was plagued by injury and he retired at the end of that season.  He has since become kicking coach for Leicester Tigers.

Epsom College
Epsom College is a co-educational independent school on Epsom Downs, Surrey, England, for pupils aged 11 to 18. It was founded in 1853 as a benevolent institution which provided a boarding school education for sons of poor or deceased members of the medical profession and also accommodation for pensioned doctors. The college soon after foundation opened to pupils from outside the medical profession. Over time the charitable work for medical professionals in hardship moved to a separate charity.  By 1996 the school was fully co-educational and now takes day pupils throughout. The headteacher is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
San Miguel Ixtahuacán
San Miguel Ixtahuacán is a municipality in the San Marcos department of Guatemala. It comprises 19 villages, and the population is about 39,000 people. The majority of people are ethnically Maya- Mam and speak the Mam and Spanish languages. Most inhabitants subsist by farming, growing crops of corn, beans, vegetables and fruits, irrigated from the Cuilco River and its tributaries.

Sipacapa
Sipacapa is a municipality in the San Marcos department, situated in the Western highlands of Guatemala. Sipacapa's population of around 14,000 is spread among 14 village communities, scattered over mountainous terrain. Sipacapa is considered a linguistic community, as Sipakapense is a Maya language unique to the municipality.
Downtown Hardwick Village Historic District
The Downtown Hardwick Village Historic District encompasses a significant portion of the downtown area of Hardwick, Vermont.  The town developed in the 19th century first as a small industrial center, and later became one of the world's leading processors of granite.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Hardwick, Vermont
Hardwick is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,920 at the 2020 census. It contains the unincorporated villages of Hardwick, East Hardwick, and Mackville. The town is a commercial center for the region's farming population.

The main settlement of Hardwick in the center of the town, formerly an incorporated village, is since 1988 a census-designated place (CDP), with a population of 1,269 at the 2020 census.
Battle of Montebruno
The Battle of Montebruno took place between the Guelph City of Asti and the Ghibelline County of Savoy. Thomas II of Savoy invaded the territory of Asti, but he was defeated by the Astigiani army at Montebruno in Garzigliana, near Pinerolo. Thomas II had taken refuge in Turin, however there he was captured.

Asti
Asti (UK: /ˈæsti/ AST-ee, US: /ˈɑːsti/ AH-stee; Italian: [ˈasti] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Ast [ˈɑst]) is a comune (municipality) of 74,348 inhabitants (1–1–2021) located in the Italian region of Piedmont, about 55 kilometres (34 miles) east of Turin, in the plain of the Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern capital of Montferrat.
Vlaai
Limburgse vlaai (Limburgish: vlaai, vlaoj, vla or flaai, pl. vlaaien)  is a pastry consisting of dough and a filling, traditionally associated with the provinces of Limburg found both in the Netherlands and Belgium, as well as parts of Germany across the border.

Variations exist throughout the Netherlands, Belgium, and areas of the German state, such as North Rhine-Westphalia, near the border with the Netherlands. A vlaai is usually 26 to 31 centimetres in diameter. It is available with many different fruit fillings, such as cherry, apricot, strawberry, and plum. Other variations are a crumbled butter and sugar mix ("greumellevlaai" in Limburgish, "kruimelvlaai" in Dutch), and rice and custard porridge (rijstevlaai).

Vlaai is often eaten on special occasions and for significant life events, particularly in the Dutch province of Limburg, such as birthdays and funerals. When eaten on the occasion of a funeral, the vlaai is typically made with black plum (zwarte pruimenvlaai).

Rijstevlaai
In Dutch and Belgian cuisine, rijsttaart(je)/rijstevlaai (Dutch) or tarte au riz (French) (German: Reisfladen, all translate to “rice flan”) is a pie with a filling based on rice pudding. It is native to Verviers and popular around the wider region of Eastern Belgium, south-eastern Netherlands and the German region around Aachen. Typically they are made 'single-crust'—with no layer of pastry covering the top. Rijstevlaai is a type of vlaai.
Ion Media
Ion Media, LLC is an American company owned by the Scripps Networks division of The E.W. Scripps Company that operates the linear broadcasting networks Ion Television, Ion Mystery and Ion Plus.

Also known as Paxson Communications Corporation and Ion Media Networks, it emerged from bankruptcy in 2009 and was later sold to E. W. Scripps Company. It once owned over 71 television stations in most of the major American markets through a television station group, as well as operating Qubo and Ion Shop.

Upon being acquired by Scripps, it merged with its subsidiary Katz Broadcasting on January 7, 2021, creating Scripps Networks. This new division was formed to manage those assets separately from the traditional broadcast network-affiliated television stations.

Bounce TV
Bounce TV is an American digital broadcast television network owned by Scripps Networks, a subsidiary of E. W. Scripps Company. It launched on September 26, 2011, and was promoted as "the first 24/7 digital multicast broadcast network created to target African Americans". Bounce features a mix of original and acquired programming geared toward African Americans between 25 and 54 years of age.

The network has affiliates with terrestrial television and television station in many media markets through digital subchannels. It is also available on the digital cable tiers of select cable providers at the discretion of local affiliates, as well as on Dish Network, DirecTV and Frndly TV.
Steve Litzow
Stephen Robert Litzow (born 1961) is an American politician who served as a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 41st district from 2010 to 2017. A liberal Republican, his district includes the affluent Seattle suburbs of Bellevue, Beaux Arts Village, Mercer Island, Newcastle, and parts of Issaquah, Sammamish, and Renton in King County. Litzow is widely seen as a centrist. He was defeated by Democrat Lisa Wellman in the 2016 election.

Lisa Wellman
Lisa Zetumer Wellman (born October 25, 1943) is an American politician serving as a member of the Washington State Senate representing the 41st district, having defeated incumbent Steve Litzow in the 2016 election. In her spare time, she enjoys bridge.

Wellman is Jewish.
Terebovlia Castle
The Terebovlia Castle 
(Ukrainian: Теребовлянський замок) is a ruined 17th-century castle in the town of Terebovlia in western Ukraine.

The ruins are located on the edge of Gniezny canyon, near its mouth to Seret River. The fortification, the remains of which can still be seen, was built in the 1630s under the leadership of the Terebovlian starosta Aleksander Bałaban.

Terebovlia
Terebovlia (Ukrainian: Теребовля, IPA: [tereˈbɔu̯lʲɐ] ⓘ; Polish: Trembowla; Yiddish: טרעבעוולע, romanized: Trebevle) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. Terebovlia hosts the administration of Terebovlia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 13,226 (2022 estimate); 13,661 (2001).
Linheli Subdistrict
Linheli Subdistrict (Chinese: 临河里街道; pinyin: Línhélǐ Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located on the northwest of Tongzhou District, Beijing. It borders Yuqiao Subdistrict in its north, Yongshun and Zhangjiawan Towns in its east, Liyuan Town in its south, and Jiukeshu Subdistrict in its west.

The subdistrict was formally created on 2020.

Tongzhou, Beijing
Tongzhou (Chinese: 通州; pinyin: Tōngzhōu), historically romanized as Tong-Choo-Foo in 18th-century British accounts,
is a district of Beijing. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the nation's capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies around 20 km (12 mi) east of central Beijing, at the northern end of the Grand Canal (on the junction between the Tonghui Canal and the Northern Canal) and at the easternmost end of Chang'an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi), or 6% of Beijing's total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census, and has seen significant growth and development since then, growing to a population of 1,184,000 at the 2010 Census and 1,840,295 at the 2020 census. The district is subdivided into four subdistricts, ten towns, and one ethnic township.
Shambara
Shambara (Sanskrit: शम्बर, romanized: Śambara), also known as Shambarasura (Sanskrit: शम्बरासुर, romanized: Śambarāsur) is an asura featured in Hindu mythology. He abducted the infant Pradyumna, the son of Krishna and Rukmini, and attempted to drown him. Pradyumna was raised by Mayavati (Rati), Shambarasura's cook, and the consort of the deity's true form of Kamadeva. After eventually growing up, Pradyumna killed Shambarasura and returned to his family in Dvaraka, along with his consort.

Pradyumna
Pradyumna (Sanskrit: प्रद्युम्न, lit. 'the eminently mighty one')  is the eldest son of the Hindu deities Krishna and his wife Rukmini. He is considered to be one of the four vyuha avatars of Vishnu. According to the Bhagavata Purana, Pradyumna was the reincarnation of Kamadeva, the god of love. The Mahabharata states that Pradyumna was a portion of Sanat Kumara.

The Harivamsa describes the chaturvyuha, consisisting of the Vrishni heroes Vāsudeva, Samkarsana, Pradyumna, and Aniruddha, that would later be the basis for the Vaishnava concept of primary quadrupled expansion, or avatara.

Pradyumna is also another name of the Hindu god Vishnu, mentioned to be one of the 24 Keshava Namas (names).
Fonfon Glacier
Fonfon Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Фонфон, romanized: lednik Fonfon, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik fonˈfɔn]) is the 4 km long and 2.3 km wide glacier on the east side of the main crest of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It is situated north of Gerila Glacier and south of the head of Embree Glacier.  The glacier drains the northeast slopes of the northern summit of Long Gables Peak and the southeast slopes of Mount Anderson, flows northeastwards and joins upper Ellen Glacier southeast of Eyer Peak.

The glacier is named after the Fonfon locality on Vitosha Mountain, Bulgaria.

Ellen Glacier
The Ellen Glacier is a glacier in the central Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It drains the eastern slopes of Mount Anderson and Long Gables and flows generally southeast for 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi) to Barnes Ridge, where it leaves the range and enters the south flowing Rutford Ice Stream.

It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Colonel Cicero J. Ellen of the U.S. Air Force, who was in command of many of the air operations when the South Pole Station was established by air drop in the 1956–57 season.
Battle Hymn of the Republic
The "Battle Hymn of the Republic" is an American patriotic song written by the abolitionist writer Julia Ward Howe during the American Civil War.

Howe adapted her song from the soldiers' song "John Brown's Body" in November 1861, and sold it for $4 to The Atlantic Monthly in February 1862. In contrast to the lyrics of the soldiers' song, her version links the Union cause with God's vengeance at the Day of Judgment (through allusions to biblical passages such as Isaiah 63:1–6, Revelation 19 and Revelation 14:14–19).

Julia Ward Howe was married to Samuel Gridley Howe, a scholar in education of the blind. Both Samuel and Julia were also active leaders in anti-slavery politics and strong supporters of the Union. Samuel was a member of the Secret Six, the group who funded John Brown's work.

Glory, Glory (fight song)
"Glory, Glory" is the rally song for the Georgia Bulldogs, the athletics teams for the University of Georgia. The melody of "Glory, Glory" is the same as that of "Say Brothers Will You Meet Us," "John Brown's Body," and "Battle Hymn of the Republic."  The song was arranged for the University of Georgia Band by member, and later Department of Music chair, Hugh Hodgson in 1915.

Although "Glory, Glory" is the de facto fight song, UGA's official fight song is "Hail to Georgia".
Nelson Dock, Liverpool
Nelson Dock is a dock on the River Mersey, England, and part of the Port of Liverpool. It is situated in the northern dock system in Vauxhall, connected to Bramley-Moore Dock to the north and Salisbury Dock to the south.

Salisbury Dock
Salisbury Dock is a dock on the River Mersey, England, and part of the Port of Liverpool. It is situated in the northern dock system in Vauxhall and is connected to Nelson Dock to the north, Trafalgar Dock to the south and inland to Collingwood Dock.
Ramón Freire
Ramón Saturnino Andrés Freire y Serrano (Latin American Spanish: [raˈmoɱ ˈfɾejɾe]; November 29, 1787 – December 9, 1851) was a Chilean political figure. He was head of state on several occasions, and enjoyed a numerous following until the War of the Confederation. Ramón Freire was one of the principal leaders of the liberal Pipiolo movement.

The settlement of Santa Rosa was renamed to Freirina in his honor in 1824.

Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830
The Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830 (Spanish: Guerra Civil de 1829–1830), or the First Chilean Civil War, was a civil war in Chile fought between conservative Pelucones and liberal Pipiolos forces over the constitutional regime in force.  This conflict ended with the defeat of the liberal forces and the approval of a new constitution in 1833, that was in force until 1925.
Parikh's theorem
In theoretical computer science, Parikh's theorem states that if one looks only at the number of occurrences of each terminal symbol in a context-free language, without regard to their order, then the language is indistinguishable from a regular language. It is useful for deciding that strings with a given number of terminals are not accepted by a context-free grammar. It was first proved by Rohit Parikh in 1961 and republished in 1966.

Context-free language
In formal language theory, a  context-free language (CFL), also called a Chomsky type-2 language, is a language generated by a context-free grammar (CFG).

Context-free languages have many applications in programming languages, in particular, most arithmetic expressions are generated by context-free grammars.
Iyakkam
Iyakkam (transl. Movement) is a 2008 Tamil language action film produced, written and directed by Sanjay Ram. The film stars newcomer Rishi Kumar, Shruthi Raj and Sujibala, with Sanjay Ram, Sudhakar Vasanth, R. Sundarrajan, Chitti Babu, M. S. Bhaskar and Poovilangu Mohan playing supporting roles. It was released on 25 April 2008.

Sanjay Ram
Sanjay Ram is an Indian film director and producer who has worked on Tamil films and was active in the late 2000s. Throughout his career, he worked on several films which failed to have a theatrical release. Furthermore, several of his films have been criticised for their gore content and excessive bloodshed on screen.
Halva
Halva (also halvah, halwa, halua; Persian: حلوا) is a type of confectionery that is spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa, East Africa, Eastern Europe, and the Balkans, Central Asia, and South Asia. The name refers to a broad variety of recipes, generally a thick paste made from flour, butter, oil, saffron, rosewater, milk, turmeric powder, and sugar.

Pistachio
The pistachio (/pɪˈstɑːʃioʊ, -ˈstæʃ-/, UK also /pɪˈstætʃ(i)oʊ/; Pistacia vera) is a small to medium-sized tree  of the cashew family. The tree produces seeds that are widely consumed as food.

In 2022, world production of pistachios was one million tonnes, with the United States, Iran, and Turkey combined accounting for 88% of the total.
Union Club of the City of New York
The Union Club of the City of New York (commonly known as the Union Club) is a private social club on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City that was founded in 1836. The clubhouse is located at 101 East 69th Street on the corner of Park Avenue. Designed by Delano & Aldrich, the current clubhouse opened on August 28, 1933.

The Union Club is the oldest private club in New York City, the second oldest "city club" in the United States, after the Philadelphia Club, and is the fifth oldest "private club" in the United States, after the South River Club in Annapolis, Maryland (between 1700 and 1732), the Schuylkill Fishing Company in Andalusia, Pennsylvania (1732), the Old Colony Club in Plymouth, Massachusetts (1769), and the Philadelphia Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1834). The Union Club is considered one of the most prestigious clubs in New York City.

Delano & Aldrich
Delano & Aldrich was an American Beaux-Arts architectural firm based in New York City. Many of its clients were among the wealthiest and most powerful families in the state. Founded in 1903, the firm operated as a partnership until 1935, when Aldrich left for an appointment in Rome. Delano continued in his practice nearly until his death in 1960.