hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rainsville, Alabama
Rainsville is a city in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, Rainsville had a population of 5,505. Rainsville is located on top of Sand Mountain, a southern extension of the Cumberland Plateau.

Sylvania, Alabama
Sylvania is a town in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. Established in 1836 and incorporated in October 1967, As of the 2020 census, Sylvania had a population of 1,790. Sylvania is located atop Sand Mountain. The first post office was built in 1977.
Listed buildings in Claverley
Claverley is a civil parish in Shropshire, England.  It contains 62 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, three are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Claverley and smaller settlements, including Beobridge, but is otherwise entirely rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings, many of which are timber framed and date from the 14th to the 17th century.  The other listed buildings include a church and items in the churchyard, country houses and associated structures, public houses, a war memorial and a school.

Claverley
Claverley is a village and civil parish in east Shropshire, England. The parish also includes the hamlets of Beobridge, Hopstone, Upper Aston, Ludstone, Heathton and a number of other small settlements.

Claverley village is east of the market town of Bridgnorth, near the Staffordshire county boundary. The village has two public houses, The Plough and The Crown. Originally there were three pubs (top middle and bottom) however the bottom pub was converted into apartments after closing in the late 2010's.

On the edge of the village is the Arts and Crafts style mansion, Brook House; it was built in 1937 for the Gibbons family, who made their money as lock and window merchants in Wolverhampton.
Ministry of Environment (Colombia)
The Ministry of Environment was the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia charged with determining and regulating the standards and guidelines for the protection of the environment, investigate and implement environmental policies. As part of a wider cabinet reshuffle in 2002, the ministry was given the housing and land management portfolios, becoming the Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development.

As of 2010, President Juan Manuel Santos talked about the need to separate the Ministry again to once again bring environmental protection and sustainability in par with the needs of the nation and its importance to government.

Council of Ministers of Colombia
The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Colombia is composed of the most senior appointed politicians of the executive branch of the Government of Colombia. Members of the Cabinet are generally the heads of a Ministry Department. The existence of the Cabinet dates back to the first president, Simón Bolívar. These members were appointed in order to advise the president, and are therefore required to assist him in his duties as stated by the Colombian Constitution.
Museum of Fine Arts of Seville
The Museum of Fine Arts of Seville (Spanish: Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla) is a museum in Seville, Spain, a collection of mainly Spanish visual arts from the medieval period to the early 20th century, including a choice selection of works by artists from the so-called Golden Age of Sevillian painting during the 17th century, such as Murillo, Zurbarán, Francisco de Herrera the younger, and Valdés Leal.

The building itself was built in 1594. The institution of the provincial museum of Seville was created in September 1835. Items were moved to the museum in the ensuing years. The building it is housed in was originally home to the convent of the Order of the Merced Calzada de la Asunción, founded by St. Peter Nolasco during the reign of Ferdinand III. Extensive remodeling in the early 17th century was led by the architect Juan de Oviedo y de la Bandera.

Francisco de Zurbarán
Francisco de Zurbarán (/ˌzʊərbəˈrɑːn/ ZOOR-bə-RAHN, Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko ðe θuɾβaˈɾan]; baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 August 1664) was a Spanish painter. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbarán gained the nickname "Spanish Caravaggio", owing to the forceful use of chiaroscuro in which he excelled.

He was the father of the painter Juan de Zurbarán.
Rovshen Meredov
Rovshen Meredov (Turkmen: Röwşen Meredow; born 24 August 1982) is a Turkmenistani football manager and former player who is the head coach of the Turkmenistan national football team.

He holds a UEFA Pro License and is also a technical expert for FIFA.

Ýedigen FC
Ýedigen Football Team (Turkmen: Ýedigen futbol topary) was a Turkmen professional football club based in Ashgabat. It was the football team of the International Turkmen-Turkish University. Their home stadium was the HTTU Stadium which can hold 1,000 people and is located on the university's grounds.
Vexin
Vexin (French pronunciation: [vɛksɛ̃]) is a historical county of northern France. It covers a verdant plateau on the right bank (north) of the Seine running roughly east to west between Pontoise and Romilly-sur-Andelle (about 20 km from Rouen), and north to south between Auneuil and the Seine near Vernon. The plateau is crossed by the Epte and the Andelle river valleys.

Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] ⓘ) is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207. Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the Palace of Versailles, the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Yvelines' subprefectures are Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.
Whitney Stakes
The Whitney Stakes (run as the Whitney Handicap through 2013 and still sometimes referred to as such) is an American Grade 1 stakes race for Thoroughbred racehorses four years of age and older run at a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles. The current purse is $1,000,000.

Held annually in late July/early August at the Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York, the race is named for the Whitney family, whose members were and remain prominent participants and supporters of the sport of Thoroughbred horse racing.

Discovery (horse)
Discovery (1931–1958) was a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse. In a racing career which lasted from 1933 to 1936 he ran sixty-three times and won twenty-seven races. One of the leading American three-year-olds of his generation in 1934, he became a dominant performer in the next two seasons. The National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame said that he was: "...considered one of the greatest horses of the 20th century."
Perfect Victims
Perfect Victims and the Politics of Appeal is a 2025 book by the Palestinian writer and poet Mohammed el-Kurd in which the author critically interrogates the strategy of emphasizing Palestinian victimhood in order to make the Palestinian cause palatable to a liberal audience that professes to care about human rights. According to Jackie Wang in Jewish Currents, "By emphasizing victimhood as the condition for sympathy, he argues, this strategy grants the moral authority of those in power—those who preside over the world structured by colonial brutality—and requires Palestinians to maintain a posture of pitiable powerlessness."

Perfect Victims is Mohammed el-Kurd's first non-fiction book. Historian Robin D. G. Kelley described it as "a new Discourse on Colonialism for the twenty-first century." It debuted at 9th on the The New York Times Best Seller for paperback nonfiction the week of March 2, 2025.

Mohammed el-Kurd
Mohammed el-Kurd (Arabic: محمد الكرد; born 15 May 1998) is a Palestinian writer and poet who has gained prominence for his description of Palestinians' lives under occupation in East Jerusalem and the rest of the West Bank. El-Kurd has referred to evictions as a form of ethnic cleansing, and has also accused Israel of imposing apartheid-style laws and regulations onto Palestinians in the occupied territories.
He has also spoken out about Israel's genocide of the Palestinians in Gaza.
Allegra Lapi
Allegra Lapi (born 8 September 1985) is an Italian water polo player.

She was a member of the Italy women's national water polo team at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
She also competed at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships.

Italy women's national water polo team
The Italy women's national water polo team represents Italy in international women's water polo competitions and friendly matches. The team is one of the leading teams in Europe since the mid-1990s, claiming the title at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. The squad is nicknamed the "Setterosa" (lit. 'Pink Seven', a pun on Settebello, the nickname of the male team).
Julián Ladera
Julián Ladera [who-lee-an' / lah-day'-rah] (July 15, 1928 – September 14, 1973) was a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher. Listed at 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m), 165 lb (75 kg), he batted and threw right-handed.

A reliable and durable pitcher, Ladera spent 16 years in the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League from 1949 through 1965. Although a starter for most of his career, he also filled significant relief roles coming out from the bullpen, serving as a closer, middle reliever, or set-up man as well. His repertoire of pitches included a heavy fastball, a changeup, and a curve which he threw from a sidearm angle.

Notably, Ladera also hurled in the Minor leagues, Mexican baseball and the Caribbean Series during the same span of time, being comfortable in his jack-of-all-trades role along the way in the many leagues in which he played.

1957 Caribbean Series
The ninth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1957. It was held from February 9 through February 14, featuring the champion baseball teams of Cuba, Tigres de Marianao; Panama, Cerveza Balboa; Puerto Rico, Indios de Mayagüez, and Venezuela, Leones del Caracas. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice. The games were played at Estadio del Cerro in Havana, the Cuban capital. The first pitch was thrown by Ford Frick, by then the Commissioner of Major League Baseball.
Politics of Bhutan
The politics of Bhutan historically took place under an absolute monarchy, but has since 2008 been characterized as a constitutional monarchy. The King of Bhutan is the head of state. The executive power is exercised by the Lhengye Zhungtshog, or council of ministers, headed by the Prime Minister. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral Parliament, both the upper house, National Council, and the lower house, National Assembly.

Historically, Bhutan was governed as an absolute monarchy. Democratization occurred with the 2007–2008 Bhutanese National Council election.  A royal edict issued on April 22, 2007 lifted the previous ban on political parties in anticipation of the National Assembly elections in the following year. In 2008, Bhutan adopted its first modern Constitution, codifying the institutions of government and the legal framework for a democratic multi-party system.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Bhutan a "hybrid regime" in 2023.

Dratshang Lhentshog
The Dratshang Lhentshog (Dzongkha: གྲྭ་ཚང་ལྷན་ཚོགས་; Wylie: grwa-tshang lhan-tshogs) is the Commission for the Monastic Affairs of Bhutan. Under the 2008 Constitution, it is the bureaucracy that oversees the Drukpa Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism, which is the state religion of Bhutan. Although Bhutan has a state religion, the role of the religious bureaucracy is ideally meant to complement secular institutions within a dual system of government.
Cotswold Water Park
The Cotswold Lakes (formerly known as Cotswold Water Park) is the United Kingdom's largest marl lake system, straddling the Wiltshire–Gloucestershire border, north-west of Cricklade and south of Cirencester. There are 180 lakes, spread over 42 square miles (110 km2).

The park is a mix of nature conservation activities, including nature reserves; recreation, including sailing, fishing, a country park and beach with water sports and play areas; rural villages; and holiday accommodation. It is a significant area for wildlife and particularly for wintering and breeding birds. The local wildlife trusts (Gloucestershire and Wiltshire) are involved in partnership with the Cotswold Lakes Trust charity in working with local communities and organisations in the area.

South Cerney
South Cerney is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, 3 miles south of Cirencester and close to the border with Wiltshire.

It had a population of 3,074 according to the 2001 census, increasing to 3,464 at the 2011 census. In 2001 South Cerney was winner of the Bledisloe Cup for the best-kept village in Gloucestershire (large village class), having previously won the award in 1955.
Massachusetts College of Art and Design
Massachusetts College of Art and Design, branded as MassArt, is a public college of visual and applied art in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1873, it is one of the nation's oldest art schools, and the only publicly funded independent art school in the United States. It was the first art college in the United States to grant an artistic degree.

It is a member of the Colleges of the Fenway (a resources- and facilities-sharing collegiate consortium located in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area of Boston), and the ProArts Consortium (an association of seven Boston-area colleges dedicated to the visual and performing arts).

Huntington Avenue
Huntington Avenue is a thoroughfare in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, beginning at Copley Square and continuing west through the Back Bay, Fenway, Longwood, and Mission Hill neighborhoods. It is signed as Massachusetts Route 9 (formerly Route C9). A section of Huntington Avenue has been officially designated the Avenue of the Arts by the city of Boston.
Lungavilla
Lungavilla is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 km south of Milan and about 15 km southwest of Pavia.

Lungavilla borders the following municipalities: Castelletto di Branduzzo, Montebello della Battaglia, Pizzale, Verretto, Voghera.

Montebello della Battaglia
Montebello della Battaglia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 km south of Milan and about 20 km south of Pavia.

Montebello della Battaglia borders the following municipalities: Borgo Priolo, Casteggio, Codevilla, Lungavilla, Torrazza Coste, Verretto, Voghera.

It is famous for two battles: in that of 1800 the French army under Jean Lannes defeated an Austrian army; that of 1859, part of the Austro-Sardinian War (or Second Italian War of Independence) was a victory of the armies of France and Savoy, again over the Austrians (the attribute "della Battaglia",  meaning "of the Battle", refers to the latter).
Patricia Whittaker
Patricia Whittaker is a Barbadian former cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm medium-fast. She appeared in 11 Test matches and one One Day International for the West Indies between 1976 and 1979, including captaining the side in four matches. She scored four Test half-centuries and scored 472 runs in all (an average of almost 28 runs per innings) and claimed 25 wickets at an average of under 20. She played domestic cricket for Barbados.

Barbados women's national cricket team
The Barbados women's national cricket team is the women's representative cricket team of Barbados. They compete in the Women's Super50 Cup and the Women's Twenty20 Blaze. They have won five Super50 Cup titles and three Twenty20 Blaze titles.

In 2022, the team competed at the Commonwealth Games, playing three Twenty20 Internationals.
Sunshine Superman (film)
Sunshine Superman is a 2014 documentary film that depicts the life and death of Carl Boenish, an American freefall cinematographer considered the "father of BASE jumping". The film was produced and directed by Marah Strauch and produced by Eric Bruggemann. It is a co-production of Scissor Kick Films (US) and  Flimmer Films, and co-producer Lars Løge (Norway). It premiered as an Opening Night film at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 4, 2014. It was released in North America by Magnolia Pictures on May 22, 2015, and later internationally by Universal Pictures. It had its North American broadcast premiere on CNN on January 17, 2016.

Carl Boenish
Carl Ronald Boenish (/ˈbeɪnɪʃ/ BAY-nish; April 3, 1941 – July 7, 1984), considered the father of modern BASE jumping, was an American freefall cinematographer, who in 1978 filmed the first jumps from El Capitan using ram-air parachutes.
Possessive determiner
Possessive determiners are determiners which express possession. Some traditional grammars of English refer to them as possessive adjectives, though they do not have the same syntactic distribution as bona fide adjectives.

Examples in English include possessive forms of the personal pronouns, namely: my, your, his, her, its, our and their, but excluding those forms such as mine, yours, ours, and theirs that are used as possessive pronouns but not as determiners. Possessive determiners may also be taken to include possessive forms made from nouns, from other pronouns and from noun phrases, such as John's, the girl's, somebody's, the king of Spain's, when used to modify a following noun.

In many languages, possessive determiners are subject to agreement with the noun they modify, as in the French mon, ma, mes, respectively the masculine singular, feminine singular and plural forms corresponding to the English my.

Agreement (linguistics)
In linguistics, agreement or concord (abbreviated agr) occurs when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates. It is an instance of inflection, and usually involves making the value of some grammatical category (such as gender or person) "agree" between varied words or parts of the sentence.

For example, in Standard English, one may say I am or he is, but not "I is" or "he am". This is because English grammar requires that the verb and its subject agree in person. The pronouns I and he are first and third person respectively, as are the verb forms am and is. The verb form must be selected so that it has the same person as the subject in contrast to notional agreement, which is based on meaning.
Big 6 Hockey League
The Big 6 Hockey League is a senior men's ice hockey league in south-eastern Saskatchewan, Canada. As of 2025 there are eight teams in the league. The teams are the Moosomin Rangers, Redvers Rockets, Midale Mustangs, Wawota Flyers, Oxbow Huskies, Kipling/Windthrost Oil Kings, Carlyle Cougars, and Carnduff Red Devils. The league began in 1959-60 with four teams: the Bienfait Coalers, Frobisher Flyers, Glen Ewen Eagles, and Oxbow Aces.

The teams compete for the Lincoln Trophy. The Bienfait Coalers have been the most successful team in league history with 15 championships.

Select regular season and playoff games from around the league are broadcast on Estevan radio station CJSL.

Oxbow, Saskatchewan
Oxbow is a town in the southeast of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located on the Canadian Pacific Railway and on Highway 18. It is approximately 58 kilometres (36 mi) west of Saskatchewan's border with Manitoba and approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of the Canada–US border with North Dakota.

The town's official motto is "Progress with Pride", but the town's weekly paper, the Oxbow Herald, has long included two other unofficial town mottoes on its masthead: "Queen of the Scenic Souris" (a reference to the Souris River, near which Oxbow is situated) and "Where Oil and Agriculture Meet" (a reference to the town's two major industries).
John L. T. Sneed
John Louis Taylor Sneed (1820 – June 29, 1901) was a justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1870 to 1878. He also served as Attorney General of Tennessee. He served in the Mexican–American War and became a brigadier general in the pro-Confederate Tennessee militia during the American Civil War.

Provisional Army of Tennessee
The Provisional Army of Tennessee was activated on May 9, 1861, when Tennessee had entered into a military league with the Confederate States. The army was to contain 25,000 men for field service and 30,000 in the reserves. The staff officers were appointed by the governor, while the field, company, and non-commissioned officers were elected by the men. It was transferred to the Provisional Army of the Confederate States on July 31, 1861, and the transfer was concluded by August 7.
Red Oaks Mill, New York
Red Oaks Mill is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, in the U.S. state of New York. It lies within the limits of the towns of Poughkeepsie and LaGrange. The population was 3,613 at the 2010 census.

Red Oaks Mill is southeast of the city of Poughkeepsie and can be considered a suburb of the city. It is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, New York-New Jersey-Connecticut-Pennsylvania Combined Statistical Area.

Poughkeepsie (town), New York
Poughkeepsie (/pəˈkɪpsi/ pə-KIP-see), officially the Town of Poughkeepsie, is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 45,471. The name is derived from the native compound Uppuqui-ipis-ing, from Uppuqui (/uːˈpuːki/ oo-POO-kee) meaning "lodge-covered", plus ipis meaning "little water", plus ing meaning "place", all of which translates to "the reed-covered lodge by the little water place". This later evolved into Apokeepsing, then into Poughkeepsing, and finally Poughkeepsie.

The area includes a large IBM campus noted for its ongoing development and manufacturing of IBM mainframes.
Cosmetic palette
Cosmetic palettes are archaeological artifacts, originally used in predynastic Egypt to grind and apply ingredients for facial or body cosmetics. The decorative palettes of the late 4th millennium BCE appear to have lost this function and became commemorative, ornamental, and possibly ceremonial. They were made almost exclusively out of siltstone with a few exceptions. The siltstone originated from quarries in the Wadi Hammamat.

Many of the palettes were found at Hierakonpolis, a centre of power in pre-dynastic Upper Egypt.  After the unification of the country, the palettes ceased to be included in tomb assemblages.

Wadi Hammamat
Wadi Hammamat (Arabic: وادي الحمامات, romanized: Wādī al-Ḥammāmāt, lit. 'Valley of Many Baths', Coptic: ⲣⲱϩⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ, romanized: rōhentou, lit. 'gateway to India'; Egyptian Ro-Henu "Mouth to the Interior") is a dry river bed in Egypt's Eastern Desert, about halfway between Al-Qusayr and Qena. It was a major mining region and trade route east from the Nile Valley in ancient times, and three thousand years of rock carvings and graffiti make it a major scientific and tourist site today.
John Stark Regional High School
John Stark Regional High School is a coeducational regional public high school in Weare, New Hampshire serving the communities of Weare and Henniker, New Hampshire. It is part of School Administrative Unit (SAU) 24, and is administered by the John Stark School District. John Stark Regional is named after General John Stark, who served in the American Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

John Stark
Major-General John Stark (August 28, 1728 – May 8, 1822) was an American military officer who served during the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War. He became known as the "Hero of Bennington" for his exemplary service at the Battle of Bennington in 1777.