hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kharkiv Regiment
The Kharkiv Sloboda Cossack Regiment (Ukrainian: Харківський слобідський козацький полк) was one of five territorial-administrative subdivisions of the Sloboda Ukraine. The regiment's capital was the city of Kharkiv, now in Kharkiv Oblast of Eastern Ukraine.

The Kharkiv Regiment appeared between 1651 and 1659 years. In 1732 it consisted of 19 sotnias. In 1765, the sloboda regiments was abolished, and its territory was reformed into the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate.

Kharkov Governorate
Kharkov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire founded in 1835. It embraced the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. From 1765 to 1780 and from 1796 to 1835 the governorate was called Sloboda Ukraine Governorate. In 1780–1796 there existed the Kharkov Vicegerency (Ukrainian: намісництво, romanized: namisnytstvo; Russian: намесничество, romanized: namestnichestvo).

From 1765 to 1780, the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate existed. In 1780, the Kharkov Viceroyalty was established and lasted until 1796. In 1835, the Viceroyalty was again reorganized into the Sloboda-Ukrainian Governorate, and from 1835 onwards, the Kharkov Governorate was formed, which existed until 1925. With each reorganization, the boundaries and administrative structure change significantly. The main state tax implementation, processing, and publishing of statistical information for the Kharkov governorate was the Kharkov Governorate Statistical Committee.
Doumea skeltoni
Doumea skeltoni is a species of catfish in the genus Doumea. It lives in the Loémé and Kouilou-Niari rivers in the Republic of the Congo. Its length reaches 4.5 cm. It is named after South African ichthyologist Paul H. Skelton.

Doumea
Doumea is a genus of loach catfishes native to Africa.

Species of Doumea have a rather large and tapered body, a pointed head, and a thin caudal peduncle. Thin bilateral osseous peaks are sometimes present on the back and the belly, and are the precursors series of osseous plates observed in the other kinds of Doumeinae. By the shape of the body, these fish are adapted to rapids.
Conan (military dog)
Conan (born 2013 or 2014 – died November 2023) was a special operations military working dog in the United States 1st SFOD-D (Delta Force). He was a male Belgian Malinois and was named after late-night talk show host and comedian Conan O'Brien. He was a veteran canine of the United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM), and served in 50 combat missions.

Conan took part in the Barisha raid in Syria, which resulted in the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the then-leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, ISIS) terror organization, on October 27, 2019. He chased Baghdadi down into a tunnel where the terror leader detonated his suicide vest. General Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr. stated on October 30, 2019 that the dog was injured during the raid due to exposed live electric wires, but had recovered and returned to field duty.

Dogs in warfare
Dogs have a very long history in warfare, beginning in ancient times. From being trained in combat, to their use as scouts, sentries, messengers, mercy dogs, and trackers, their uses have been varied, and some continue to exist in modern military usage.
Viktor Prášil
Viktor Prášil (born 29 July 1987) is a Czech sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film All Quiet on the Western Front.

At the 76th British Academy Film Awards, he won a BAFTA Award for Best Sound. His win was shared with Lars Ginzel, Frank Kruse and Markus Stemler.

Frank Kruse
Frank Kruse is a German sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film All Quiet on the Western Front.

At the 76th British Academy Film Awards, he won a BAFTA Award for Best Sound. His win was shared with Lars Ginzel, Viktor Prášil and Markus Stemler.
Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.

Sayan Mountains
The Sayan Mountains (Mongolian: Соёны нуруу, Soyonii nuruu; Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰏𐰢𐰤, romanized: Kögmen) are a mountain range in southern Siberia spanning southeastern Russia (Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tuva and Khakassia) and northern Mongolia. Before the rapid expansion of the Tsardom of Russia, the mountain range served as the border between Mongolian and Russian cultures and cultural influences.

The Sayan Mountains' towering peaks and cool lakes southwest of Tuva give rise to the tributaries that merge to become one of Siberia's major rivers, the Yenisei River, which flows north over 3,400 kilometres (2000 mi) to the Arctic Ocean. This is a protected and isolated area, having been kept closed by the Soviet Union since 1944.
Exeter incident
The Exeter incident or Incident at Exeter was a highly publicized UFO sighting that occurred on September 3, 1965, approximately 5 miles (8 km) south of Exeter, New Hampshire, in the neighboring town of Kensington. Although several separate sightings had been reported in the Exeter area by numerous witnesses in the weeks leading up to the specific incident, it was the September 3 sighting, involving a local teenager and two police officers which became, by far, the most famous. In 2011, Skeptical Inquirer offered an explanation of the incident, based on details reported by the eyewitnesses.

Exeter, New Hampshire
Exeter is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Its population was 16,049 at the 2020 census, up from 14,306 at the 2010 census. Exeter was the county seat until 1997, when county offices were moved to neighboring Brentwood. Home to Phillips Exeter Academy, a private university-preparatory school, Exeter is situated where the Exeter River becomes the tidal Squamscott River.

The urban center of town, where 10,109 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Exeter census-designated place.
Citadel High School
Citadel High School is a high school in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

The school opened in September 2007 on the site of the former Bell Road Campus of the Nova Scotia Community College. Its location bordering Bell Road, Trollope Street, and Ahern Avenue is adjacent to the Halifax Common and immediately west of Citadel Hill, a National Historic Site from which the school derives its name.

Citadel High School was formed from a merger of two older schools: Queen Elizabeth High School and Saint Patrick's High School (one of which was traditionally a public school, while the other was a Catholic school), opened in 1942 and 1954 respectively.

Halifax Regional Centre for Education
The Halifax Regional Centre for Education (formerly the Halifax Regional School Board) is the public school district responsible for 136 elementary, junior high, and high schools located in the Halifax Regional Municipality. The current Regional Executive Director is Steve Gallagher. The district's office is on Spectacle Lake Drive in Dartmouth. On January 24, 2018, the provincial government announced that the Halifax Regional School Board would be dissolved and that kindergarten to grade 12 education services in Halifax would administered by an appointed provincial council.  The Halifax Regional School Board was dissolved on March 31, 2018.
Royal Noble Consort Huibin Jang
Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan (Korean: 희빈 장씨; Hanja: 禧嬪 張氏; 3 November 1659 – 10 October 1701), personal name Jang Ok-jeong (장옥정; 張玉貞), was a consort of Sukjong of Joseon and the mother of King Gyeongjong. She was queen of Joseon from 1690 until her deposition in 1694.

Southerners (Korean political faction)
The Southerners (Korean: 남인; Hanja: 南人; RR: Nam-in) were a political faction of the Joseon Dynasty. The faction was created after the split of the Easterners in 1591 by Yi Sanhae's opponents. Its leader was Yu Sŏngnyong, who died in 1607. Leader Hŏ Mok was Left Prime Minister from 1675 to 1678. Leader Yun Hyu was executed in 1680. They supported Jang Huibin, queen consort of Sukjong of Joseon from 1688 to 1694. The faction continued to exist until the 18th century.

See also, Noron, and for the role of private Confucian academies (together with their shrines), in strife between the factions, see seowon.
Ghibah
Ghibah (Arabic: الغيبة ghībah) is backbiting as understood in Islam. It is generally regarded as a major sin in Islam and compared in the Qur'an to 'the abomination of eating the flesh of a dead brother'.

Islamic views on sin
In Islam, sin (dhanb) is an action violating the laws of God (sharīʿah) and an important subject in Islamic ethics.

The Quran describes sins throughout the texts. Some sins are more grievious than others. Therefore, Muslim scholars (ʿulamāʾ) – theologians and jurists – distinguish between lesser sins (al-Sagha'ir) and greater sins (al-kabīrah). The latter refers to unequivocal actions against God's law, and for which punishment is ordained. Sources differ which sin belongs to which category.
Alfonso Sacrati
Alfonso Sacrati or Alphonse Sacrati (1585–1647) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Apostolic Nuncio to Switzerland (1646–1647), Vicegerent of Rome (1643–1646), and Bishop of Comacchio (1617–1626).

Francesco Sacrati (cardinal)
Francesco Sacrati (1567 – September 6, 1623) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop (Personal Title) of Cesena (1622–1623), Cardinal-Priest of San Matteo in Merulana (1621–1623), and Titular Archbishop of Damascus (1612–1622).
Georgia Coast and Piedmont Railroad
In 1906 the Collins and Reidsville Railroad, the Reidsville and Southeastern Railroad and the Darien and Western Railroad merged to form the Georgia Coast and Piedmont Railroad.  The railroad operated mainly on a line between Collins and Darien, Georgia, USA, extending to Brunswick in 1914.  In 1915, the railroad went bankrupt with bondholders filing a request for receivership in 1916. In 1919, after a bid by New York-based salvage firm of Gordon & Freedman, a portion of the railroad was sold to become the Collins and Glennville Railroad.

Reidsville and Southeastern Railroad
The Reidsville and Southeastern Railroad was founded in 1905 and ran a 36-mile (58 km) line between Reidsville and Ludowici, Georgia, USA.  In 1906 it became part of a merger of several railroads to form the Georgia Coast and Piedmont Railroad.

Railways portal
Housing Act of 1954
The Housing Act of 1954, Pub. L. 83–560, 68 Stat. 590, enacted August 2, 1954, passed during the Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration, comprised a series of amendments to the National Housing Act of 1934, reorienting federal intervention in urban centers away from the slum-clearance and public-housing mandate of the Housing Act of 1949 toward a broader strategy of urban renewal, especially preferring private-sector-led redevelopment. The act reshaped the built environment of hundreds of American cities between the mid-1950s and the 1970s.

The Housing Act of 1954 created the modern urban renewal apparatus, expanded Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgage insurance authority, strengthened planning departments nationwide, and altered public housing policy by relaxing several politically controversial requirements. Its programs were administered by the Housing and Home Finance Agency (HHFA), the predecessor to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It administers federal housing and urban development laws. It is headed by the secretary of housing and urban development, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency, it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises.
Bai choi
Bài Chòi (aka Bài tới in Huế) is a combination of arts in Central Vietnam including music, poetry, acting, painting and literature, providing recreation, entertainment and socialising within village communities. It was inscribed on the UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list in 2017. Bài Chòi was recognised as Vietnam's national intangible cultural heritage during 2014-2016 by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.

Bài Chòi games and performances involve a card game similar to bingo, played with songs and music performed by Hieu artists, during the Tết Nguyên Đán. In Hội An, Quang Nam, Bai Choi singing classes have been opened for secondary school students.

The bài chòi culture has also been introduced in Japan and in Germany.

Four color cards
Four color cards (Chinese: 四色牌; pinyin: Sì Sè Pái) is a game of the rummy family of card games, with a relatively long history in southern China. In Vietnam the equivalent game is known as tứ sắc (Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation of 四色).
La'ilay Maychew
La'ilay Maychew (Tigrinya: ላዕላይ ማይጨው, transl. "Upper Salty Water") is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Maekelay Zone (central), La'ilay Maychew is bordered on the south by Naeder Adet, on the west by Tahtay Maychew, on the north by Mereb Lehe, and on the east by Adwa. The town of Axum is surrounded by La'ilay Maychew; other towns in La'ilay Maychew include Mahibere Degue.

High points in this woreda include Bet Giyorgis (2450 meters) and May Koho (2335 meters).

The Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation announced that it would provide 24-hour electrical service to five towns in Adwa, La'ilay Maychew and Naeder Adet, reaching a total of 100,000 new clients in all of the woredas. This new service would begin in June 2007.

Tahtay Maychew
Tahtay Maychew (Tigrinya: ታሕታይ ማይጨው, "Lower Salty Water") is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Mehakelegnaw (Central) Zone, Tahtay Maychew is bordered on the south by Naeder Adet, on the west by the Semien Mi'irabawi (North Western) Zone, on the north by Mereb Lehe, and on the east by La'ilai Maychew. The administrative center of this woreda is Wukro Marai; other towns in Tahtay Maychew include Chila.
Pyynikki observation tower
The Pyynikki observation tower (Finnish: Pyynikin näkötorni) is a 26 meter observation tower in Pyynikki, Tampere, Finland. It was completed in 1929 by the design of the city architect Vilho Kolho, and built using local red granite. The tower stands 75 meters above the level of the adjacent lake Pyhäjärvi (152 meters above the sea level) on the ridge crest of the Pyynikki Esker.

The top can be reached by a lift, but walking up the stairs offers various observation windows. The open top offers a clear view of the city of Tampere as well as lake Näsijärvi on the north and lake Pyhäjärvi in the south. Entrance to the park and cafe is free but climbing the tower costs 50 cents for children or 2 euros for adults. The Cafe has its own historic donut recipe which has remained unchanged for 80 years.

Pyynikki
Pyynikki (Swedish: Pynike) is a district and a nature reserve in Tampere, Finland. It is located in the Pyynikinharju ridge,  between the city center and the western district of Pispala. Pyynikinharju is the highest esker in the world, rising 85 meters above the level of lake Pyhäjärvi.

Tampere Circuit was a motorsport race track which ran on public streets of Pyynikki. In 1962 and 1963, the Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix on Tampere Circuit was a race of the Road Racing World Championship.
2023 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 2023 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming as a member Mountain West Conference (MW) during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by Craig Bohl in his tenth and final season as head coach, the Cowboys compiled an overall record of 9–4 record with mark 5–3 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the MW. Wyoming was invited to the Arizona Bowl, where the Cowboys defeated Toledo. The team played home games at War Memorial Stadium in Laramie, Wyoming.

On December 6, Bohl announced that would retire following the season. Wyoming an average home attendance of 23,163 in 2023.

War Memorial Stadium (Laramie, Wyoming)
War Memorial Stadium, also known as Jonah Field at War Memorial Stadium, is an outdoor college football stadium in the Western United States, located on the campus of the University of Wyoming in Laramie, Wyoming.

The home field of the Wyoming Cowboys of the Mountain West Conference in NCAA Division I FBS, it is the largest stadium in the state, and its only college football venue. The field is named after a natural gas field at the Green River Basin in Sublette County.

At an elevation of 7,222 feet (2,201 m) above sea level, War Memorial is the highest FBS stadium, followed by the U.S. Air Force Academy's Falcon Stadium at 6,621 feet (2,018 m), near Colorado Springs. Walkup Skydome, home to FCS Northern Arizona, is between the two at 6,880 feet (2,100 m).
William Allen (English Quaker)
William Allen FRS FLS FGS (29 August 1770 – 30 September 1843) was an English Quaker, scientist and philanthropist who opposed slavery and engaged in schemes of social and penal improvement in early 19th-century England.

Elizabeth Fry
Elizabeth Fry (née Gurney; 21 May 1780 – 12 October 1845), sometimes referred to as Betsy Fry, was an English prison reformer, social reformer, philanthropist and Quaker. Fry was a major driving force behind new legislation to improve the treatment of prisoners, especially female inmates, and as such has been called the "Angel of Prisons". She was instrumental in the Gaols Act 1823 which mandated sex-segregation of prisons and female warders for female inmates to protect them from sexual exploitation. Fry kept extensive diaries, in which she wrote explicitly of the need to protect female prisoners from rape and sexual abuse.

She was supported in her efforts by Queen Victoria and by Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I of Russia; she was in correspondence with both Alexander and Nicholas, their wives, and the Empress Mother. In commemoration of her achievements, she was depicted on the Bank of England £5 note that was in circulation from 2002 until May 2017.
Guzara District
Guzara (Gozareh) District (Persian: ګذره ولسوالۍ) is situated in the center of Herat Province, Afghanistan, 10 km south of Herat. It borders Injil District to the north, Pashtun Zarghun District to the east, Adraskan District to the south and Zinda Jan District to the west. The district center Guzara (Gozareh) is on the main road Herat-Kandahar.

On 19 August 2025, an overcrowded passenger bus, possibly speeding, carrying migrants deported from Iran veered off the road and collided with a truck and motorcycle before catching fire on the Guzara District section of the Herat–Islam Qala Highway, an extension of the Afghanistan Ring Road. The crash killed at least 79 people, including 19 children, and injuring two others. It is one of country's deadliest accidents in recent years.

Pashtun Zarghun District
Pashtun Zarghun District (Pashto: پښتون زرغون ولسوالی / Persian: ولسوالی پشتون‌ زرغون), formerly known as Posht-e Zirghān or Posht-e Zirghūn (Persian: پشت زرغون), is situated in the central part of Herat Province, Afghanistan in the valley of the Hari River. The district center is Pashtun Zarghun.
Liquid rocket propellant
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets). They can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant) or a mix of two chemicals, called bipropellants. Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories; hypergolic propellants, which ignite when the fuel and oxidizer make contact, and non-hypergolic propellants which require an ignition source.

About 170 different propellants made of liquid fuel have been tested, excluding minor changes to a specific propellant such as propellant additives, corrosion inhibitors, or stabilizers. In the U.S. alone at least 25 different propellant combinations have been flown.

Many factors go into choosing a propellant for a liquid-propellant rocket engine. The primary factors include ease of operation, cost, hazards/environment and performance.

Zhuque-2
Zhuque-2 (Chinese: 朱雀二号; pinyin: Zhūquè èr hào; lit. 'Zhuque-2', ZQ-2) is a Chinese medium-class orbital launch vehicle developed by LandSpace. It is a liquid-fuelled rocket powered by liquid oxygen and liquid methane (methalox) and was the first methane-fueled rocket to reach orbit.
Black Hills Playhouse
The Black Hills Playhouse is an American theater located just off the Needles Highway and Iron Mountain Road in Custer State Park in the Black Hills of South Dakota.  The playhouse is managed by Black Hills Playhouse Inc. It is one of the oldest continuously operated non-profit, non-equity professional summer stock theaters in America.

South Dakota Highway 87
South Dakota Highway 87 (SD 87) is a 37.894-mile-long (60.984 km) state highway in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It travels through the Black Hills region. The highway's southern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 385 (US 385), about 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Pringle, within the southwestern part of Wind Cave National Park. Its northern terminus is at an intersection with US 16/US 385 about 3 miles (4.8 km) south-southwest of Hill City, within the east-central part of the Black Hills National Forest.

The highway travels through Wind Cave National Park. The northern 14 miles (23 km) of the highway is also known as the Needles Highway. The Needles Highway, along with the concurrency with US 16A, are also part of the Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway. Portions of the highway are also a section of Custer State Park's Wildlife Loop.
Papa Sartre
Papa Sartre is an Arabic novel by Iraqi writer Ali Bader, it was originally published in Arabic in Beirut, 2001, and met warmly by cultural critics and intellectuals in the Arab world. An English translation was published in 2009, by American University in Cairo Press, and won Ali Bader several literary prizes.

Ali Bader
Ali Bader (Arabic علي بدر) is an Iraqi-Belgian novelist and script writer. He is the author of 18 novels and the editor-in-chief of Arabic publishing house Alca Books. His best-known works include Papa Sartre, The Tobacco Keeper, The Running after the Wolves, and The Sinful Woman. He lives in Brussels.
Groenlandia
Groenlandia is a monotypic genus of aquatic plants (pondweed) of the family Potamogetonaceae. The only species in the genus is Groenlandia densa. Opposite-leaved pondweed is a common name for this plant. It is native to much of Europe, western Asia and Maghreb in Africa; despite its name it is not found in Greenland.

Potamogetonaceae
The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over five genera. The largest genus in the family by far is Potamogeton, which contains about 100 species.

The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, and is considered to be one of the most important angiosperm groups in the aquatic environment because of its use as food and habitat for aquatic animals.