hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Black Hawk Down (book)
Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War is a 1999 book by journalist Mark Bowden. It documents efforts by the Unified Task Force to capture Somali faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid in 1993, and the resulting battle in Mogadishu between United States forces and Aidid's militia. One of the key events is the downing of two United States MH-60 Black Hawk helicopters, from which the book derives its title, and the attempt to rescue their crews. United States forces included 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment; 160th SOAR; Delta Force; 24th Special Tactics Squadron; DEVGRU Navy SEALs; 10th Mountain Division; as well as Malaysian and Pakistani United Nations peacekeeping forces.

The raid became the most intense close combat in U.S. military history since the Vietnam War. Although the overall mission to apprehend Aidid was officially codenamed Operation Gothic Serpent, the media colloquially termed the incident the Battle of Mogadishu as well as the Battle of the Black Sea.

160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)
The 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne), abbreviated as 160th SOAR(A), is a special operations force of the United States Army that provides helicopter aviation support for special operations forces. Its missions have included attack, assault, and reconnaissance, and these missions are usually conducted at night, at high speeds, low altitudes, and on short notice.

Nicknamed the Night Stalkers and called Task Force Brown within the JSOC, the 160th SOAR(A) is headquartered at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.
Trivignano Udinese
Trivignano Udinese (Friulian: Trivignan) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Udine. Its frazione (borough) of Clauiano has been described as one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Ulupınar, Kemer
Ulupınar is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Kemer, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,315 (2022).

It is situated 25 kilometres from the district centre of Kemer. It is on the outskirts of the Olympos Valley National Park, known for its eternal fire. Particularly noted areas are the dense woods and the source of a river (which gives its name to the region; pınar meaning water source in Turkish) where waters spurt out from rocks at an altitude and descends in a waterfall. There are several restaurants situated along the river near the village, which is on the axis of the road from Kemer to Finike and Kumluca, and these serve trout from the river as well as more varied dishes.

The extension of Ulupınar village toward the seashore constitute the village of Çıralı, notable for its long beach and tourism facilities.

Kemer
Kemer is a seaside resort, municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 412 km2, and its population is 49,383 (2022). It is on the Mediterranean coast, 43 km (27 mi) west of the city of Antalya, on the Turkish Riviera.

Kemer is on the Gulf of Antalya, 53 km (33 mi) of sea coast with the skirts of the western Taurus Mountains behind. The coast has the typical Mediterranean hot, dry weather and warm sea. Until the early 1980s this was a quiet rural district, but today the town of Kemer and coastal villages in the district play a very important part in tourism in Turkey.
Vladslo German war cemetery
Vladslo German war cemetery is about three kilometres north east of Vladslo, near Diksmuide, Belgium. Established during World War I, the cemetery originally held 3,233 wartime burials. In 1956, burials from many smaller surrounding cemeteries were concentrated in Vladslo, and it now contains the remains of 25,644 soldiers. Each stone bears the name of twenty soldiers, with just their name, rank, and date of death specified.

The cemetery is administered by the German War Graves Commission (Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge). They also look after the three other German war cemeteries in Belgium: Langemark, Menen and Hooglede.

Diksmuide
Diksmuide (Dutch: [dɪksˈmœydə] ⓘ; French: Dixmude [diksmyd]; West Flemish: Diksmude) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Diksmuide proper and the former communes of Beerst, Esen, Kaaskerke, Keiem, Lampernisse, Leke, Nieuwkapelle, Oostkerke, Oudekapelle, Pervijze, Sint-Jacobs-Kapelle, Stuivekenskerke, Vladslo and Woumen.

Most of the area west of the city is a polder riddled with drainage trenches. The major economic activity of the region is dairy farming, producing the famous butter of Diksmuide.
Space Alert
Space Alert is a cooperative survival designer board game created by Vlaada Chvátil in 2008.  Players assume the roles of space explorers on a mission to survey the galaxy. The crew is evaluated on teamwork and how they deal with problems that arise on their journey. Unlike most board games, in Space Alert, players need to make decisions and play cards in real time. It was given a special prize for "New Game Worlds" in the 2009 Spiel des Jahres awards.

Cooperative board game
Cooperative board games are board games in which players work together to achieve a common goal rather than competing against each other. Either the players win the game by reaching a predetermined objective, or all players lose the game, often by not reaching the objective before a certain event ends the game.
June Bacon-Bercey
June Esther Bacon-Bercey (née Griffin, October 23, 1928 – July 3, 2019) was an American international expert on weather and aviation who worked for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Weather Service and the Atomic Energy Commission.

She was the first African-American woman to earn a degree in meteorology and was the first female TV meteorologist trained in the field of meteorology in the United States.

WGRZ
WGRZ (channel 2) is a television station in Buffalo, New York, United States, affiliated with NBC and owned by Tegna Inc. The station's studios are located on Delaware Avenue in downtown Buffalo, and its transmitter is located on Warner Hill Road in South Wales, New York.
Adelaide Showground railway station
Adelaide Showground railway station is located on the Belair, Flinders and Seaford lines, and is located in the inner western Adelaide suburb of Keswick. It is four kilometres from Adelaide station, and replaced Keswick station and the temporary Showground Central station.

Keswick railway station, Adelaide
Keswick railway station was a station on the Adelaide-Wolseley line that served routes on the South line, most recently to Adelaide Metro's Belair, Noarlunga and Tonsley line services. It was located in the inner western Adelaide suburb of Keswick, 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) from Adelaide railway station.
Nick Perri
Nicholas Perri (born May 15, 1984) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and producer. He is frontman for Philadelphia rock group Nick Perri & The Underground Thieves, as well as founding member of previous groups Silvertide, Mount Holly, and SINAI. Perri has also played for Perry Farrell, Matt Sorum, younger sister Christina Perri, Jimmy Gnecco, Shinedown, Dorothy, and others.

Perri is a platinum-selling songwriter, and in 2016, produced a Transformers compilation album for Hasbro and Sony. In addition, Perri has placed music in movies, TV shows, and commercials including advertisements for the NHL, the WB Network, Theraflu, Squarespace, and others. He appeared and performed in the M. Night Shyamalan film Lady in the Water, and provided two songs to the film's soundtrack.

Perri is one of the faces of Gibson Guitars, having debuted their 60th Anniversary 1959 Gibson Les Paul.

Show and Tell (Silvertide album)
Show and Tell (also known as Show & Tell) is the American band Silvertide's full-length debut album. Produced by Oliver Leiber and mixed by Kevin "Caveman" Shirley, the band released it on September 28, 2004. Show and Tell features a melodic hard rock style deliberately reminiscent of the aggressive work done by groups achieving prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, examples being AC/DC, Aerosmith, and Led Zeppelin.

It was distributed by the label J Records. A commercial success, the album spawned multiple top 20 singles, and it's noted for including the band's 'signature song': the strident arena rock track "Ain't Comin' Home". The group created a music video featuring a straight performance of the song, emphasizing frontman Walt Lafty's aggressive style.
Faedis
Faedis (Slovene: Fojda) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) northeast of Udine, on the border with Slovenia.

Faedis borders the following municipalities: Attimis, Kobarid (Slovenia), Moimacco, Povoletto, Pulfero, Remanzacco, Taipana, Torreano.

Remanzacco
Remanzacco (Friulian: Remanzâs) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) northeast of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,774 and an area of 30.6 square kilometres (11.8 sq mi).

The municipality of Remanzacco contains the frazioni (boroughs) Ziracco, Selvis, Orzano, and Cerneglons.

Remanzacco borders the following municipalities: Faedis, Moimacco, Povoletto, Pradamano, Premariacco, Udine.
SS Dronning Maud (1925)
68°41.917′N 017°26.367′E﻿ / ﻿68.698617°N 17.439450°E﻿ / 68.698617; 17.439450

SS Dronning Maud was a 1,489 ton steel-hulled steamship built in 1925 by the Norwegian shipyard Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted in Fredrikstad. Dronning Maud was ordered by the Trondheim-based company Det Nordenfjeldske Dampskipsselskap for the passenger and freight service Hurtigruten along the coast of Norway. She served this route as the company flagship until she was sunk under controversial circumstances during the 1940 Norwegian Campaign.

Alta Battalion
The Alta Battalion (Norwegian: Alta bataljon) was an independent battalion within the Norwegian 6th Division based in the village of Alta in Alta Municipality in western Finnmark and commanded by Lt. Colonel Arne Dagfin Dahl. The Alta battalion was multiethnic, being constituted by ethnic Norwegians, Sámi, and Kvens. It made great successes in halting the German invasion of Norway at Narvik.
Karen Gaddis
Karen Gaddis is an American politician who served as a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives for the 75th district from 2017 to 2018.

A retired teacher, Gaddis was elected to her seat in a special election in 2017; she replaced Dan Kirby, who resigned earlier in the year following a sexual harassment scandal. Gaddis had previously lost to Kirby in the 2016 election.

Dan Kirby (politician)
Dan Kirby (born Danny Gene Kirby, April 14, 1958) is an American politician who served in the   Oklahoma House of Representatives representing the 75th district from 2009 until his resignation in 2017 following allegations of sexual harassment. He later served on the Eufaula City Council from 2021 to 2023, when he was convicted of involuntary manslaughter. In December 2025, his conviction was overturned by the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals.
Bad Lauchstädt
Bad Lauchstädt (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈlaʊxʃtɛt] ⓘ; until 1925 Lauchstädt), officially the Goethe Town of Bad Lauchstädt (German: Goethestadt Bad Lauchstädt), is a town in the district Saalekreis, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, 13 km southwest of Halle. Population 8,781 (2020).

In January 2008, Bad Lauchstädt incorporated the former municipalities Schafstädt, Delitz am Berge and Klobikau. On 1 January 2010 Milzau was also incorporated, disbanding the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Bad Lauchstädt. Bad Lauchstädt, Delitz am Berge, Klobikau, Milzau and Schafstädt are now Ortschaften or municipal divisions of the town Bad Lauchstädt.

Klobikau
Klobikau is a former municipality in the Saalekreis district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since January 2008, it is part of the town Bad Lauchstädt.

51°21′N 11°50′E﻿ / ﻿51.350°N 11.833°E﻿ / 51.350; 11.833
Shulgin Rating Scale
The Shulgin Rating Scale (or "quantitative potency scale") is a simple scale for reporting the subjective effect of psychoactive substances at a given dosage, and at a given time. The system was developed for research purposes by the American biochemist Alexander Shulgin, and published with co-authors Ann Shulgin and Peyton Jacob, III, in a 1986 issue of the journal Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. It was later described in the Shulgins' popular 1991 book PIHKAL: A Chemical Love Story.

Peyton Jacob III
Peyton Jacob III is an American chemist and pharmacologist who has studied nicotine, methamphetamine, hallucinogens, entactogens, and other psychoactive drugs. He is a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Jacob extensively collaborated with and was close friends with Alexander Shulgin. Among many other contributions, they developed the Shulgin Rating Scale together and methylone was first synthesized and described by the pair in the mid-1990s.
Ukrainian Bandurist Chorus
The Ukrainian Bandurist Chorus (Ukrainian: Українська Капеля Бандуристів Північної Америки ім. Т. Г. Шевченка; full name: The Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Bandurist Chorus of North America) is a semi-professional male choir which accompanies itself with the multi-stringed Ukrainian instrument known as the bandura. The UBC traces its roots to Ukraine in 1918 and has been based in the USA since 1949.

Bandura
A bandura (Ukrainian: бандура [bɐnˈdurɐ] ⓘ) is a Ukrainian plucked-string folk-instrument. It combines elements of the zither and lute and, up until the 1940s, was also often called a kobza. Early instruments (c. 1700) had 5 to 12 strings and resembled lutes. In the 20th century, the number of strings increased initially to 31 strings (1926), then to 56 strings – 68 strings on modern "concert" instruments (1954).

Musicians who play the bandura are referred to as bandurists. In the 19th and early 20th centuries traditional bandura players, often blind, were called kobzars. It is suggested that the instrument developed as a hybrid of gusli (Eastern-European psaltery) and kobza (Eastern-European lute). Some also consider the kobza as a type or an instrument resembling the bandura. The term bandura occurs in Polish chronicles from 1441. The hybridization, however, occurred in the late-18th or early-19th centuries.
Haplogroup N-M231
Haplogroup N (M231) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup defined by the presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker M231.

It is most commonly found in males originating from northern Eurasia. It also has been observed at lower frequencies in populations native to other regions, including parts of the Balkans, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

However, the basal paragroup N* has only been found in populations indigenous to China and Cambodia. Subclades of N-M231 have been found at low levels in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, Southwest Asia and the Balkans. These factors tend to suggest that it originated in East Asia or Southeast Asia.

Mansi people
The Mansi (Mansi: Мāньси / Мāньси мāхум, Māńsi / Māńsi māhum, [ˈmaːnʲsʲi, ˈmaːnʲsʲi ˈmaːxʊm]) are an Ob-Ugric Indigenous people living in Khanty–Mansia, an autonomous okrug within Tyumen Oblast in Russia. In Khanty–Mansia, the Khanty and Mansi languages have co-official status with Russian. The Mansi language is one of the postulated Ugric languages of the Uralic family. The Mansi people were formerly known as the Voguls.

Together with the Khanty people, the Mansi are politically represented by the Association to Save Yugra, an organisation founded during Perestroika in the late 1980s. This organisation was among the first regional indigenous associations in Russia.
Sarada K. Sarma
Sarada Kanta Sarma is a geotechnical engineer, emeritus reader of engineering seismology and senior research investigator at Imperial College London. He has developed a method of seismic slope stability analysis which is named after him, the Sarma method.

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London
The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering is an academic department of the Faculty of Engineering at Imperial College London in England, United Kingdom.

It is located at the South Kensington Campus in London, along Imperial College Road. The department is currently a part of the college's Faculty of Engineering, which was formed in 2001 when Imperial College restructured. The department has consistently ranked within the top five on the QS World University Rankings in recent years.

The department is housed in the Skempton Building, named after the English civil engineer Sir Alec Skempton, the former head of the department.  The departmental building changed its name from Civil Engineering Building to its current name in 2004, a short time after Skempton's death in 2001.
Scrambling (linguistics)
Scrambling is a syntactic phenomenon wherein sentences can be formulated using a variety of different word orders without a substantial change in meaning. Instead, the reordering of words from their canonical position has consequences on their contribution to the discourse (i.e., the information's "newness" to the conversation). Scrambling does not occur in English, but it is frequent in languages with freer word order, such as German, Russian, Persian and Turkic languages. The term was coined by John R. "Haj" Ross in his 1967 dissertation and is widely used in present work, particularly with the generative tradition.

Syntactic movement
Syntactic movement is the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities. Movement was first postulated by structuralist linguists who expressed it in terms of discontinuous constituents or  displacement. Some constituents appear to have been displaced from the position in which they receive important features of interpretation. The concept of movement is controversial and is associated with so-called transformational or derivational theories of syntax (such as transformational grammar, government and binding theory, minimalist program). Representational theories (such as head-driven phrase structure grammar, lexical functional grammar, construction grammar, and most dependency grammars), in contrast, reject the notion of movement and often instead address discontinuities with other mechanisms including graph reentrancies, feature passing, and type shifters.
Knee wall
A knee wall is a short wall, typically under three feet (one metre) in height, used to support the rafters in timber roof construction. In his book A Visual Dictionary of Architecture, Francis D. K. Ching defines a knee wall as "a short wall supporting rafters at some intermediate position along their length."  The knee wall provides support to the rafters which therefore need not be large enough to span from the ridge to the eaves. Typically the knee wall is covered with plaster or gypsum board.

The term is derived from the association with a human knee, partly bent. Knee walls are common in houses in which the ceiling on the top floor is an attic, i.e. the ceiling is the underside of the roof and slopes down on one or more sides.

Rafter
A rafter is one of a series of sloped structural members such as steel beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the wall plate, downslope perimeter or eave, and that are designed to support the roof shingles, roof deck, roof covering and its associated loads. A pair of rafters is called a couple. In home construction, rafters are normally made of wood. Exposed rafters are a feature of some traditional roof styles.
Woodbine Mall
Woodbine Mall & Fantasy Fair is a shopping mall in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at Rexdale Boulevard and Highway 27 in the Rexdale area of Toronto, across Rexdale Boulevard from Woodbine Racetrack. The mall has over 130 stores and is home to Fantasy Fair, a year-round indoor amusement park. The fair houses a Charles I. D. Looff carousel. It is one of 13 still in operation today. They also have a 50-foot ferris wheel which they say is the only one in North America. The ferris wheel was closed in April 2024.

Rexdale
Rexdale is a neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located north-west of the central core, in the district of Etobicoke. Rexdale defines an area of several official neighbourhoods north of Highway 401 and east of Highway 427. Rexdale was originally a post-World War II residential development within Etobicoke, and today is applied to a general area from Malton and Toronto Pearson International Airport in the City of Mississauga to the west, Highway 401 to the south, Steeles Avenue to the north, and the Humber River to the east. It is centered on Rexdale Boulevard and Islington Avenue.
Loiter (aeronautics)
In aeronautics and aviation, loiter is the phase of flight  consisting of flying over some small region.

In general aviation, the loiter phase generally occurs at the end of the flight, when the plane is waiting for clearance to land.

In military flights, such as aerial reconnaissance or ground-attack aircraft, the loiter phase is the time that the aircraft has over a target. Cruise is the time period the aircraft travels to the target and returns after the loiter.

In astronautics, the loiter phase of spacecraft used for human spaceflight may be as long as six months, as is the case for Soyuz spacecraft which remain docked while expedition crewmembers reside aboard the International Space Station.

Endurance (aeronautics)
In aviation, endurance is the maximum length of time that an aircraft can spend in cruising flight. In other words, it is the amount of time an aircraft can stay in the air with one load of fuel. Endurance is different from range, which is a measure of distance flown. For example, a typical sailplane exhibits high endurance characteristics but poor range characteristics.

Endurance can be defined as:

where W stands for fuel weight, F for fuel flow, and t for time.

Endurance can factor into aviation design in a number of ways. Some aircraft, such as the P-3 Orion or U-2 spy plane, require high endurance characteristics as part of their mission profile (often referred to as loiter time (on target)). Endurance plays a prime factor in finding out the fuel fraction for an aircraft.
Endurance, like range, is also related to fuel efficiency; fuel-efficient aircraft will tend to exhibit good endurance characteristics.