hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Observation car
An observation car/carriage/coach (in US English, often abbreviated to simply observation or obs) is a type of railroad passenger car, generally operated in a passenger train as the rearmost carriage (the same as a caboose), with windows or a platform on the rear of the car for passengers' viewing pleasure. The cars were nearly universally removed from service on American railroads beginning in the 1950s as a cost-cutting measure in order to eliminate the need to "turn" the trains when operating out of stub-end terminals.

The push-pull mode of operation removes this limitation. In Europe, various trains are now fitted with observation cars at either or both ends.

The Canadian
The Canadian (French: Le Canadien) is a transcontinental passenger train operated by Via Rail on its Western Canada service between Union Station in Toronto, Ontario, and Pacific Central Station in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Canadian Pacific introduced this service on April 24, 1955, serving Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. In 1978, Via Rail Canada acquired the service, and, on January 15, 1990, designated the Canadian as its sole transcontinental service, between Toronto and Vancouver. The new service replaced the former Super Continental, Canadian National's flagship passenger service, and continues to run primarily over CN tracks.
Valentin Khokhryakov
Valentin Fedorovich Khokhryakov (Russian: Валентин Федорович Хохряков; 22 June 1928 – 20 November 2023) was a Soviet and Russian scientist, internal dosimetry specialist, PhD in biology (1966), doctor of biology (1986), Professor (2006), awarded the USSR State Prize (1983), he was adjunct professor of the University of Utah (USA). He worked since 1957 at the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute. Khokhryakov was the author and coauthor of more than 170 research papers.

Sergey Romanov
Sergey Anatolyevich Romanov (Russian: Сергей Анатольевич Романов), born 20 September 1958, is a Russian scientist, internal dosimetry and radiation protection specialist, PhD in biology (2003). He served as Director in the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute from 1997 to 2024. Since October 2, 2024 he is Director Adviser. He is the author and coauthor of more than 150 research papers.
Suvereto
Suvereto (Italian pronunciation: [suveˈreːto]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 km (56 miles) southwest of Florence and about 60 km (37 miles) southeast of Livorno. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Martin Roman
Martin Roman (23 April 1910 – 12 May 1996) was a German Jewish jazz pianist and Holocaust survivor.

At the time of the Reichstag fire in February 1933, Martin was stopped by SS men at the entrance to the huge Vaterland emporium in Berlin, where his band, the Marek Weber Band, was employed. He left for the Netherlands. In January 1944 Roman was transported to Theresienstadt concentration camp.

In the summer of 1944, he was forced to participate in a propaganda film in Theresienstadt which the commandant Karl Rahm had coerced the actor Kurt Gerron to direct. Roman appeared leading his Ghetto Swingers. When the filming was over Roman and Gerron were sent to Auschwitz, where Gerron perished.

Like jazz drummer and guitarist Coco Schumann, Roman survived. Gerron and clarinetist Fritz Weiss of the Jazz-Quintet-Weiss did not.

Roman's "Wir reiten auf hölzernen Pferden" was recorded on the album Terezín - Theresienstadt, by Anne Sofie von Otter.

Kurt Gerron
Kurt Gerron (born Kurt Gerson; 11 May 1897 – 30 October 1944) was a German Jewish actor and film director. He had a very successful career in cabaret and film before World War II, but was then forbidden to work and was sent to Theresienstadt Ghetto after the Nazis had occupied the Netherlands, where he and his family had fled to. He was forced by the Nazis to make a propaganda film about Theresienstadt, officially named Theresienstadt. Ein Dokumentarfilm aus dem jüdischen Siedlungsgebiet, before he and his wife, Olga Gerson-Meyer, were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp and murdered. The film was completed not long before the end of the war, but was never shown to the public, and only fragments remain.
Metaxya
Metaxya is a neotropical genus of ferns in the order Cyatheales. It is the only genus in the family Metaxyaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the genus may be placed in the subfamily Metaxyoideae of a more broadly defined family Cyatheaceae, the family placement used in Plants of the World Online as of November 2019.

The species of the genus are characterized by large fronds that approach 8 ft (2.5 m) in length.

Cyatheales
The order Cyatheales, which includes most tree ferns, is a taxonomic order of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms from a vertical rhizome, others have shorter or horizontal expanding rhizomes.

Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs. However, most plants in the Cyatheales are tree ferns and have trunk-like stems up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It is unclear how many times the tree form has evolved and been lost in the order.
Robert Parker (wine critic)
Robert McDowell Parker Jr. (born July 23, 1947) is a retired American wine critic. His wine ratings on a 100-point scale and his newsletter The Wine Advocate are influential in American wine buying and are therefore a major factor in setting the prices for newly released Bordeaux wines. This made him the most widely known and influential wine critic in the world.

Elin McCoy
Elin McCoy is an American wine and spirits columnist for Bloomberg Markets, international wine judge, and a contributor to publications such as Food & Wine, The New York Times, House & Garden and Zester Daily.
Hipponax
Hipponax (/ˈhɪpənæks/; Ancient Greek: Ἱππῶναξ; gen. Ἱππώνακτος; fl. late 6th century BCE), of Ephesus and later Clazomenae, was an Ancient Greek iambic poet who composed verses depicting the vulgar side of life in Ionian society. He was celebrated by ancient authors for his malicious wit, especially for his attacks on some contemporary sculptors, Bupalus and Athenis. Hipponax was reputed to be physically deformed, which might have been inspired by the nature of his poetry.

Choliamb
Choliambic verse (Ancient Greek: χωλίαμβος), also known as limping iambs or scazons or halting iambic, is a form of meter in poetry. It is found in both Greek and Latin poetry in the classical period. Choliambic verse is sometimes called scazon, or "lame iambic", because it brings the reader down on the wrong "foot" by reversing the stresses of the last few beats.  It was originally pioneered by the Greek lyric poet Hipponax, who wrote "lame trochaics" as well as "lame iambics".

The basic structure is much like iambic trimeter, except that the last cretic is made heavy by the insertion of a longum instead of a breve. Also, the third anceps of the iambic trimeter line must be short in limping iambs. In other words, the line scans as follows (where — is a long syllable, ⏑ is a short syllable, and × is an anceps):

× — ⏑ — | × — ⏑ — | ⏑ — — —

As in all classical verse forms, the phenomenon of brevis in longo is observed, so the last syllable can actually be short or long.
Lucent Technologies
Lucent Technologies, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Murray Hill, New Jersey. It was established on September 30, 1996, through the divestiture of the former AT&T Technologies business unit of AT&T Corporation, which included Western Electric and Bell Labs.

Lucent was acquired by the French technology company Alcatel on December 1, 2006, forming Alcatel-Lucent.

Henry Schacht
Henry Schacht (born October 16, 1934) is an American businessman, a former chairman and chief executive officer of Cummins Diesel (1973–1994), and later CEO of Lucent Technologies.

Previously he was on the boards of CBS, Chase Manhattan, and Alcoa.

He assumed the Lucent CEO role in a transitory capacity upon Lucent's spinoff from AT&T Corporation, and served from 1995 to 1997. Mr. Schacht was brought back in 2001 to replace Richard McGinn, who had served as Lucent's CEO during the intervening years. 
He is currently the managing director and senior advisor of the  private equity firm Warburg Pincus LLC New York.

Schacht was a member of both the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Abomination (character)
The Abomination (Emil Blonsky) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Gil Kane, the character first appeared in Tales to Astonish #90 (April 1967). He is one of the main enemies of the superhero Hulk, and possesses powers similar to the Hulk's after also being exposed to gamma rays.

Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character has been featured in other Marvel-endorsed products such as arcade and video games, television series, and merchandise such as action figures and trading cards. Tim Roth portrays the character in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films The Incredible Hulk (2008) and Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), as well as the Disney+ series She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (2022).

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
Hongō Station (Fukuoka)
Hongō Station (本郷駅, Hongō-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Tachiarai, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Nishi-Nippon Railroad (NNR), and has station number A04.

Tachiarai, Fukuoka
Tachiarai (大刀洗町, Tachiarai-machi) is a town located in Mii District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the town had an estimated population of 16,065 in 6283 households, and a  population density of 700 persons per km2.  The total area of the town is 22.84 km2 (8.82 sq mi).
Pettis Township, Adair County, Missouri
Pettis Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 795. It is named for former US Congressman Spencer Pettis, who represented Missouri from 1829 to 1831 until being killed in a duel.

Adair County, Missouri
Adair County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. The population census for 2020 was 25,314.  As of July 1, 2021, the U.S. Census Bureau's population estimate for the county is 25,185, a -0.5% change. The county seat is Kirksville. The county was first settled by immigrants from Kentucky and organized on January 29, 1841. Adair County comprises the Kirksville, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Silesian Foothills
Silesian Foothills (Polish: Pogórze Śląskie, Czech: Slezské podhůří, Silesian: Pogōrze Ślōnske) are foothills located in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.

It has an area of 545 km2. Its western border is Olza river, eastern Skawa. Other main rivers that cut the foothills are from west to east: Vistula, Biała and Soła. To the south are Silesian Beskids and Little Beskids, in north it converts into Ostrava Basin and Oświęcim Basin. The towns located on the foothills are: Cieszyn, Skoczów, Bielsko-Biała, Kęty, Andrychów and Wadowice.

Skoczów
Skoczów (pronounced Sko-choof [ˈskɔt͡ʂuf] ⓘ, German: Skotschau, Czech: Skočov) is a town and the seat of Gmina Skoczów in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 14,385 inhabitants (2019). The town lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

The name of the town is of possessive origin, derived from personal name Skocz.
Filipino Chinese cuisine
Filipino Chinese cuisine is a style of Filipino cuisine influenced by Chinese cuisine historically brought to the Philippines by Chinese Filipinos, starting with the Sangley Chinese and their Chinese mestizo descendants and modern descendants in the Chinese Filipino community of the Philippines. It is characterized as a fusion of Fujian/Hokkien cuisine and Cantonese cuisine adapted over the centuries to Filipino cuisine to suit the general Filipino palate/taste.

Mami soup
Mami (pronounced: MAH-mee) is a popular Filipino noodle soup made with wheat flour noodles, broth and the addition of meat (chicken, beef, pork) or  wonton dumplings. It is related to the pancit class of noodle dishes, and the noodles themselves are sometimes called pancit mami.
Fula language
FulaListenⓘ  (/ˈfuːlə/ FOO-lə), also known as FulaniListenⓘ  (/fʊˈlɑːniː/ fuu-LAH-nee) or Fulah (Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular; Adlam: 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪; Ajami: ࢻُلْࢻُلْدٜ‎, ݒُلَارْ‎, بُۛلَر‎), is a Senegambian language spoken by around 36.8 million people as a set of various dialects in a continuum that stretches across some 18 countries in West and Central Africa. Along with other related languages such as Serer and Wolof, it belongs to the Atlantic geographic group within Niger–Congo, and more specifically to the Senegambian branch. Unlike most Niger-Congo languages, Fula does not have tones.

It is spoken as a first language by the Fula people ("Fulani", Fula: Fulɓe) from the Senegambia region and Guinea to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Sudan and by related groups such as the Toucouleur people in the Senegal River Valley. It is also spoken as a second language by various peoples in the region, such as the Kirdi of northern Cameroon and northeastern Nigeria.

Senegambian languages
The Senegambian languages, traditionally known as the Northern West Atlantic, sometimes confusingly referred to in literature as the Atlantic languages, are a branch of Atlantic–Congo languages most commonly spoken in Senegal and neighboring southern Mauritania, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Guinea. The nomadic Fula people have also spread their languages from Senegal across the western and central Sahel. The most populous unitary language is Wolof, the national language of Senegal, with four million native speakers and millions more second-language users. There are perhaps 13 million speakers of the various varieties of Fula, and over a million speakers of Serer . The most prominent feature of the Senegambian languages is that they are devoid of tone, unlike the vast majority of Atlantic-Congo languages.
Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Actor in a Science Fiction/Fantasy Series
The Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Actor in a Science Fiction/Fantasy Series, Limited Series or Made-for-TV Movie is an award presented by the Critics Choice Association to the best performance by an actor in a science fiction or fantasy television series or TV Movie.

This award was first presented in 2021 to Patrick Stewart for his role as Jean-Luc Picard on Star Trek: Picard. The most nominated actors in this category are Ncuti Gatwa, Diego Luna, Anson Mount, Patrick Stewart and Adam Scott, with two nominations each.

The current recipient of the award is Diego Luna for his role as Cassian Andor in Andor.

Critics' Choice Super Awards
The Critics' Choice Super Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Critics Choice Association to honor the finest in genre fiction film, television and home media releases, including action, superhero, horror, science fiction, fantasy and animation releases. They were first established in 2020, with the inaugural ceremony taking place on January 10, 2021, virtually, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nine lemma
In mathematics, the nine lemma (or 3×3 lemma) is a statement about commutative diagrams and exact sequences valid in the category of groups and any abelian category.

Consider the commutative diagram to the right. We have 6 statements:

If all columns as well as the two bottom rows are exact, then the top row is exact.

If all columns as well as the two top rows are exact, then the bottom row is exact.

If all columns as well as the top and bottom rows are exact, and  is the zero morphism, then the middle row is exact.

By symmetry, exchanging the words "row" and "column" gives 3 more true statements.

The nine lemma can be proved: Chap. II, Section 5 Some Diagram Lemmas, Lem. 5.1  by direct diagram chasing, or by applying the snake lemma (to the two bottom rows in the first case, and to the two top rows in the second case).

Exact sequence
In mathematics, an exact sequence is a sequence of morphisms between objects (for example, groups, rings, modules, and, more generally, objects of an abelian category) such that the image of one morphism equals the kernel of the next.
Tristan Strong series
The Tristan Strong series is a mythology book trilogy written by Kwame Mbalia. The series currently consists of three books. The first book, Tristan Strong Punches a Hole in the Sky, was published on October 15, 2019, and the second installment, Tristan Strong Destroys the World, was released a year later on October 6, 2020. Book three, the last in the trilogy, Tristan Strong Keeps Punching, was announced on February 8, 2021, and released on October 5, 2021. All three books are about African-American folktales.

Tristan Strong Punches a Hole in the Sky
Tristan Strong Punches a Hole in the Sky is a 2019 middle grade fantasy-adventure novel written by Kwame Mbalia. Published under the "Rick Riordan Presents" imprint, the novel is focused on African American folktales and West African mythology. The story follows teenager Tristan Strong, who is struggling with guilt after his best friend's death. Tristan accidentally creates a rift that transports him to Alke, a parallel world where myths are real, and must survive the evil forces that threaten Alke's people and discover his own abilities.

Like many of the other works in the "Rick Riordan Presents" imprint, the book, which is the first in Mbalia's Tristan Strong series, has been praised for its diverse representation of characters and mythological deities, as well as its plot and character development.
Los Angeles Pacific Railroad
The Los Angeles Pacific Railroad (1896−1911) (LAP) was an electric public transit and freight railway system in Los Angeles County, California.  At its peak it had 230 miles (370 km) of track extending from Downtown Los Angeles to the Westside, Santa Monica, and the South Bay towns along Santa Monica Bay.

Venice Short Line
The Venice Short Line was a Pacific Electric (PE) interurban railway line in Los Angeles which traveled from downtown Los Angeles to Venice, Ocean Park, and Santa Monica via Venice Boulevard. The route was especially busy on Sundays, as Venice was PE's most popular beachfront destination.
Pusztaszabolcs
Pusztaszabolcs is a town in Fejér County, Hungary. Flanked by the loess fields of the Mezőföld and the Danube back-swamps, Pusztaszabolcs occupies 51.7 km2 (20.0 sq mi) at the junction of three main railway corridors—Budapest–Pécs, Székesfehérvár–Paks and the freight cut-off to Dunaújváros.

Dunaújváros
Dunaújváros (pronounced [ˈdunɒuːjvaːroʃ]; also known by alternative names) is an industrial city in Fejér County, Central Hungary. It is a city with county rights. Situated 70 kilometres (43 miles) south of Budapest on the Danube, the city is best known for its steelworks, which is the largest in the country.  It was built in the 1950s on the site of the former village of Dunapentele and was originally named Sztálinváros, before acquiring its current name in 1961.
Mahindra Thar ROXX
The Mahindra Thar ROXX is a compact sport-utility vehicle (SUV) manufactured by Mahindra & Mahindra. Launched in September 2024, it is the five-door, long-wheelbase variant of the Mahindra Thar, intended to offer the off-road capability of the original Thar with additional cabin space and comfort for everyday use. The model is positioned between the Mahindra Scorpio-N and the Thar three-door, targeting the lifestyle SUV segment in India.

Mahindra Scorpio-N
The Mahindra Scorpio-N is a mid-size SUV manufactured by Mahindra & Mahindra since 2022. It is the third generation of the Mahindra Scorpio line and was launched in India on 27 June 2022. The model Z101 was developed as a complete redesign with a new chassis, powertrains, and safety systems.

The Z101 Scorpio-N is built on Mahindra's third-generation ladder-frame platform and continues to use a body-on-frame construction. It was developed by the Mahindra India Design Studio in Mumbai in collaboration with Pininfarina (Italy), Mahindra Research Valley (Chennai), and the Mahindra North American Technical Centre (MANA).
Nevada Test and Training Range
The Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) is one of two military training areas at the Nellis Air Force Base Complex in Nevada and used by the United States Air Force Warfare Center at Nellis Air Force Base. The NTTR land area includes a "simulated Integrated Air Defense System", several individual ranges with 1200 targets, and 4 remote communication sites. The current NTTR area and the range's former areas have been used for aerial gunnery and bombing, for nuclear tests, as a proving ground and flight test area, for aircraft control and warning, and for Blue Flag, Green Flag, and Red Flag exercises.

Frenchman Flat
Frenchman Flat is a hydrographic basin in the Nevada National Security Site south of Yucca Flat and north of Mercury, Nevada.  The flat was used as an American nuclear test site and has a 5.8 sq mi (15 km2) dry lake bed (Frenchman Lake) that was used as a 1950s airstrip before it was chosen after the start of the Korean War for the Nevada Proving Grounds. Nellis Air Force Base land 12 mi × 30 mi (19 km × 48 km) was transferred to the Atomic Energy Commission on which Site Mercury was constructed on the flat for supporting American nuclear explosive tests.  The 1951 Operation Ranger "Able" test (ground zero at UTM Coordinates 923758 on the flat) was the first continental US nuclear detonation after the 1945 Trinity test, and Frenchman Flat also had the only detonation of an American artillery-fired nuclear projectile in the 1953 Upshot-Knothole Grable test using the M65 Atomic Cannon.