hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shock: Social Science Fiction
Shock: Social Science Fiction is a pen-and-paper indie RPG about the effects of the shock of cultural change on the individuals who make up that culture. The title is a reference to Alvin Toffler's Future Shock, the concept that rapid culture changes leave the members of the culture increasingly challenged by adaptation. The game is designed to be used by players to make "what if" science fiction, rather than science-flavored fantasy adventure. It was first published in 2006 and has since been through two point version updates.

Indie role-playing game
An indie role-playing game is a role-playing game published by individuals or small press publishers, in contrast to games published by large corporations. Indie tabletop role-playing game designers participate in various game distribution networks, development communities, and gaming conventions, both in person and online. Indie game designer committees grant annual awards for excellence.

In the early 2000s, indie role-playing discussion forums such as The Forge developed innovative design patterns and theories. In 2010, the game Apocalypse World established the popular design framework Powered by the Apocalypse, inspiring hundreds of similar games. Starting in the early 2010s, indie game publishing provided new opportunities for LGBTQ writers to share underrepresented stories.

Common examples of indie role-playing games include Apocalypse World and the Powered by the Apocalypse framework, The Quiet Year, Fiasco, Fall of Magic, Blades in the Dark, and Dialect.
Malakia Gurieli
Malakia Gurieli (Georgian: მალაქია გურიელი; fl. 1660–1703), of the Georgian House of Gurieli, was Prince of Guria from 1684 to 1685 and again in 1689. A younger son of Kaikhosro I Gurieli, he succeeded on the death of his brother Giorgi III Gurieli in 1684, only to be overthrown and blinded by his nephew Kaikhosro II Gurieli. Briefly restored through the Ottoman intervention in 1689, he was deposed by Guria's nobility for incompetence. Malakia entered the priesthood and became Bishop of Shemokmedi.

House of Gurieli
The House of Gurieli (Georgian: გურიელი) was a Georgian princely (mtavari) family and a ruling dynasty (dukes) of the southwestern Georgian province of Guria, which was autonomous and later, for a few centuries, independent. A few ducal rulers of the dynasty also rose in the 17th-18th centuries to be kings of the whole western Caucasus in place of the hereditary Bagrationi kings of Imereti.
Pacific Economic Cooperation Council
The Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) is a network of member committees composed of individuals and institutions dedicated to promoting cooperation across the Asia Pacific region, headquartered in Singapore. PECC has 23 full member committees Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; China; Colombia; Ecuador; Hong Kong; Indonesia; Japan; South Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; Mongolia;  New Zealand; Peru; the Philippines; Singapore; Taiwan; Thailand; the United States; Vietnam and the Pacific Islands Forum, one associate member: France (Pacific Territories), and 2 institutional members: Pacific Trade and Development Conference (PAFTAD) and the Pacific Basin Economic Council (PBEC).

Pacific Basin Economic Council
The Pacific Basin Economic Council (PBEC) is an independent business association founded by Weldon B. Gibson in 1967 to facilitate business in the Asia-Pacific region. It has a rich history of supporting business leaders, corporations, academics, and Governments across the Asia Pacific. It organises and hosts roundtable dialogue discussions and key events bi-monthly and annually, as well as provides market intelligence, research papers & policy recommendations on behalf of the APAC business community. It advocates for sustainable, resilient & inclusive economic growth through free trade agreements under a fair international rules-based system that mitigates climate change & supports society. The International Secretariat has been located in Hong Kong since 2003. Michael Walsh has served as its Executive Director since May 2019, bringing extensive global business leadership experience.
JAK-STAT signaling pathway
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumor formation. The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell nucleus, resulting in the activation of genes through the process of transcription. There are three key parts of JAK-STAT signalling: Janus kinases (JAKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs), and receptors (which bind the chemical signals). Disrupted JAK-STAT signalling may lead to a variety of diseases, such as skin conditions, cancers, and disorders affecting the immune system.

Interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system. It regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. IL-2 is part of the body's natural response to microbial infection, and in discriminating between foreign ("non-self") and "self". IL-2 mediates its effects by binding to IL-2 receptors, which are expressed by lymphocytes. The major sources of IL-2 are activated CD4+ T cells and activated CD8+ T cells. Put shortly, the function of IL-2 is to stimulate the growth of helper, cytotoxic and regulatory T cells.
Taisei Corporation
Taisei Corporation (大成建設株式会社, Taisei Kensetsu kabushiki gaisha; formerly known in English as the Taisei Construction Company, Ltd.) is a Japanese corporation founded in 1873. Its main areas of business are building construction, civil engineering, and real estate development. Taisei's headquarters are located at Shinjuku Center Building in Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo.

Taisei has 15 branch offices, 1 technology center, 46 domestic offices, 12 overseas offices, 29 consolidated subsidiaries and 43 affiliated companies accounted for by the equity-method.

Ōkura Kihachirō
Baron Ōkura Kihachirō (大倉 喜八郎, 23 October 1837 – 5 April 1928) was a Japanese businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He was the corporate progenitor of the Ōkura-gumi zaibatsu, which later became the Taisei Corporation, and the Ōkura Shōgyō Gakkō ("Okura Commerce School") which later became Tokyo University of Economics in 1949. In contrast to most of the zaibatsu, the Ōkura zaibatsu was founded by someone from the peasant class.
Sortedam Dossering
Sortedam Dossering is a street that follows the western shore of Sortedam Lake, from Nørrebrogade in the south to Østerbrogade in the north, in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The section north of Helgesensgade is closed to cars. The section from Nørrebrogade to Fredensgade is in Nørrebro while the section from Fredensgade to Østerbrogade belongs to Østerbro.

The southwestern continuation of the street, along Peblinge Lake, with only the short stretch between Nørrebrogade and Baggesensgade open to car traffic, is called Peblinge Dossering. Collectively Sortedam Dossering and Peblinge Dossering are known as Dosseringen (definite form). The path along the shore of St. Jørgen's Lake, the lake furthest to the south, is called Svineryggen ('The Rack of Pork').

Nørrebrogade
Nørrebrogade is the principal shopping street of the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from The Lakes in the southeast to Nørrebro station in the northwest, linking Frederiksborggade and Queen Louise's Bridge with Frederikssundsvej. The street passes Assistens Cemetery, Nørrebro Runddel and the Superkilen linear park. Buildings include the multipurpose venue Nørrebrohallen and two churches.
Bridge over North Fork of Roanoke River
Bridge over North Fork of Roanoke River was a historic Pratt truss bridge located near Ironto, Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by the King Bridge Company in 1892, and was a pin-connected through Pratt truss spanning 105 feet (32 m) between cast-in-place concrete abutments. It had ornamental steel lattice portal bracing around the top of the portals. The bridge was removed in 1995–1996, and replaced with new bridge.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 and delisted in 2001.

King Iron Bridge & Manufacturing Company
The King Iron Bridge & Manufacturing Company was an American bridge building company. It was based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, and was founded by Zenas King in 1858. It was later managed by his sons, James A. King and Harry W. King, and then his grandson, Norman C. King, until the mid-1920s. Many of the bridges built by the company were used during America's expansion west in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and some of these bridges are still standing today.
Amlodipine/valsartan
Amlodipine/valsartan, sold under the brand name Exforge among others, is a blood pressure lowering combination drug. It contains amlodipine, as the besilate, a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. This combination is usually well tolerated and effective for the reduction of blood pressure.

The combination was approved for medical use in the European Union in January 2007, and in the United States in June 2007.

The combination is also available with hydrochlorothiazide. It was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2009, and in the European Union in November 2009. The combination of amlodipine/valsartan with hydrochlorothiazide is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Valsartan
Valsartan, sold under the brand name Diovan among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include feeling tired, dizziness, high blood potassium, diarrhea, and joint pain. Other serious side effects may include kidney problems, low blood pressure, and angioedema. Use in pregnancy may harm the baby and use when breastfeeding is not recommended. It is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II.

Valsartan was patented in 1990, and came into medical use in 1996. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 85th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7 million prescriptions.
Northwest Power and Conservation Council
The Northwest Power and Conservation Council is a regional organization that develops and maintains a regional power plan and a fish and wildlife program to balance the environment and energy needs of the Northwestern United States. Based in Portland, Oregon, the council was created in 1980 when the U.S. Congress passed the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act. The Council has a planning and public engagement role in carrying out the interstate compact created by the Act. The Council's main task is to develop a 20-year electric power plan that will guarantee adequate and reliable energy at the lowest economic and environmental cost to the Northwest. Member states of the organization are Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.

Interstate compact
In the United States, an interstate compact is a legally binding pact or agreement between two or more states, or between states and any foreign sub-national government. Common reasons for creating interstate compacts include resolving boundary disputes, cooperative management of infrastructure, and reducing administrative barriers. Interstate compacts are subject to congressional regulation. The history of interstate compacts ranges from treaties that predate the Constitution to the present day.
Politeness theory
Politeness theory, proposed by Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, centers on the notion of politeness, construed as efforts to redress the affronts to a person's self-esteems or face (as in "save face" or "lose face") in social interactions. Notable concepts include positive and negative face, the face threatening act (FTA), strategies surrounding FTAs and factors influencing the choices of strategies.

Though Brown and Levinson proposed their model as universally applicable, their theory has been challenged by other scholars both theoretically and with respect to its cross-cultural applicability.

Politeness
Politeness is the practical application of good manners or etiquette so as not to offend others and to put them at ease. It is a culturally defined phenomenon, and therefore what is considered polite in one culture can sometimes be quite rude or simply eccentric in another cultural context.

While the goal of politeness is to refrain from behaving in an offensive way so as not to offend others, and to make all people feel relaxed and comfortable with one another, these culturally defined standards at times may be broken within the context of personal boundaries – this is known as positive politeness.
Radio Nova (Ireland)
Radio Nova was an Irish pirate radio station broadcasting from Dublin, Ireland. Owned and operated by the UK pirate radio veteran Chris Cary, the station's first broadcasts were during the summer of 1981 on 88.5 MHz FM and 819 kHz AM.

Dublin's Q102
Dublin's Q102 is a commercial radio station in Dublin, owned by Onic which is in turn owned by News UK. It broadcasts on 102.2 MHz FM. The station is licensed to target the 35+ age group, and must provide hourly news, as well as current events programming. It broadcasts under a contract from Coimisiún na Meán.  Q102 broadcasts from Macken House in Dublin's Docklands.

The station was launched as Lite 102.2. On purchasing the station, UTV rebranded it to Dublin's Q102 thanks to research of Dublin people aged over 35, who decided on bringing back the name of a former pirate radio station.
Glenbrook Vintage Railway
The Glenbrook Vintage Railway (GVR) is a heritage steam railway in Glenbrook, New Zealand.

The GVR is run by a trust board of three trustees elected and appointed from Railway Enthusiasts Society (RES) membership. The board appoints a general manager who is responsible for day-to-day operation. The 7.4 km (4.6 mi) long railway carries up to 30,000 passengers during the normal operating season, which is from October to June, and is also available for charter throughout the year.

The railway is staffed and maintained by volunteers and RES membership provides automatic access to all activities as a volunteer. Special Events are often held, such as "Counties Energy Christmas Lights - Trains at Night", the "Day Out With Thomas" weekends, Railfan Days (with display freight trains and other unique consists), Country and Western days and night steam runs.

NZR JA class
The NZR JA class is a class of fifty-one 4-8-2 steam locomotives operated by the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR). The locomotives were built in two batches; the first batch was constructed at the Hillside Workshops at Dunedin between 1946 and 1956, while the second batch was constructed by the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) of Glasgow, Scotland in 1951. To differentiate between the two batches, the locomotives were identified by their builder.

The JA class was the last steam locomotive class to be produced by the NZR, with the Hillside-built JA 1274 being the final steam locomotive ever built. The North British JA class were also the last steam locomotives imported for the NZR.

The JA class had relatively short service lives of between 12 and 24 years as they were replaced by diesel locomotives as part of the dieselisation process of the NZR. Nine JA class managed to last until the end of steam on 26 October 1971.
Time range of Hexanchiformes species
The shark order Hexanchiformes (in a broad sense, not only comprising the cow sharks, but also including the frilled sharks, Chlamydoselachidae) is often considered the most primitive of extant sharks, since they share some features with Paleozoic and early-Mesozoic shark groups as the Cladoselachiformes. Thus, it is interesting to see how far back the fossil record of this order reaches.

Hexanchiformes
The Hexanchiformes /hɛkˈsæŋkɪfɔːrmiːz/ are a primitive order of sharks, numbering just five extant species in two families, Chlamydoselachidae and Hexanchidae. Chlamydoselachidae are also known as frilled sharks, these sharks are very rare fishes and typically reside in deeper waters. Hexanchidae are also known as cow sharks and are the lesser known of the two types of Hexanchiformes and also reside in deep waters.
Ceneselli
Ceneselli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Rovigo.

Ceneselli borders the following municipalities: Calto, Castelmassa, Castelnovo Bariano, Giacciano con Baruchella, Salara, Trecenta.

Salara
Salara is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Venice and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Rovigo.

Salara borders the following municipalities: Bagnolo di Po, Calto, Ceneselli, Felonica, Ficarolo, Trecenta.
Magic in Dungeons & Dragons
The magic in Dungeons & Dragons consists of the spells and magic systems used in the settings of the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons (D&D). D&D defined the genre of fantasy role-playing games, and remains the most popular table-top version. Many of the original concepts have become widely used in the role-playing community across many different fictional worlds, as well as across all manner of popular media including books, board games, video games, and films.

The specific effects of each spell, and even the names of some spells, vary from edition to edition of the Dungeons & Dragons corpus.

Character class (Dungeons & Dragons)
A character class is a fundamental part of the identity and nature of characters in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. A character's capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses are largely defined by their class; choosing a class is one of the first steps a player takes to create a Dungeons & Dragons player character. A character's class affects a character's available skills and abilities. A well-rounded party of characters requires a variety of abilities offered by the classes found within the game.

Dungeons & Dragons was the first game to introduce the usage of character classes to role-playing. Many other traditional role-playing games and massively multiplayer online role-playing games have since adopted the concept as well. Dungeons & Dragons classes have generally been defined in the Player's Handbook, one of the three core rulebooks; a variety of alternate classes have also been defined in supplemental sourcebooks.
Manipogo
In Canadian folklore, the Manipogo is a lake monster said to live in Lake Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. The creature was dubbed Manipogo in 1960, the name echoing British Columbia's Ogopogo. It is the namesake of the Manipogo Provincial Park.

There is also a monster called Winnepogo, named for either Lake Winnipegosis or Lake Winnipeg, thought possibly to be the same creature since the lakes are connected.

The community of St. Laurent on the southeast shore of Lake Manitoba holds a yearly Manipogo Festival during the first week of March.

Lake Manitoba
Lake Manitoba (French: Lac Manitoba) is the 14th largest lake in Canada and the 31st largest lake in the world with a total area of 4,624 square kilometres (1,785 sq mi). It is located within the Canadian province of Manitoba about 75 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of the province's capital, Winnipeg, at 50°59′N 98°48′W﻿ / ﻿50.983°N 98.800°W﻿ / 50.983; -98.800.
Underwear as outerwear
Wearing underwear as outerwear is a fashion trend popularized by celebrities, sports and media. It began as a practical and comfortable variation of clothing, such as the T-shirt and the sleeveless shirt, but later evolved into provocative, controversial fashion statements. 21st century versions include the display of thongs and bras in women's clothing, and the display of underpants under low-slung pants in men. Wearing underwear as outerwear has historical antecedents in the display of undergarments in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Underpants
Underpants are underwear worn on the lower body generally extending no higher than the navel.
In British English they are often called simply pants.
If a given pair of underpants has a wider waistband, it might bear the brand name of the manufacturer on it.
Disa tenuis
Disa tenuis is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos. The plant is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs from the Cape Peninsula and Betty's Bay to Tulbagh and Franschhoek. The plant is considered rare.

Disa (plant)
Disa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It comprises about 182 species. Most of the species are indigenous to tropical and southern Africa, with a few more in the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and Réunion. Disa bracteata is naturalised in Western Australia, where the local name is "African weed-orchid."

The genus Disa was named by P.J. Bergius in 1767. It was named after Disa, the heroine of a Swedish legend.
2004 French–Ivorian clashes
In 2004, an armed conflict took place between French and Côte d'Ivoire forces. On 6 November 2004, two Ivorian Air force Su-25 attack fighters launched an air attack on French peacekeepers in the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire who were stationed there as part of Opération Licorne (Unicorn), the French military operation in support of the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI). French military forces subsequently clashed with Ivorian troops and government-loyal mobs, destroying almost the entire Ivorian Air Force. Those incidents were followed by massive anti-French protests in Côte d'Ivoire.

Opération Licorne
Opération Licorne was a French Armed Forces peacekeeping operation in support of the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire. The French forces had been stationed in the country since shortly after the outbreak of the Ivorian Civil War. The troops' main mission was to support the United Nations peacekeeping mission and to ensure the security of French and foreign nationals.

Licorne was replaced on 21 January 2015 by the French forces in Ivory Coast.
Karyaku
Karyaku (嘉暦), also romanized as Kareki, was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name") after Shōchū and before Gentoku.  This period spanned the years from April 1326 through August 1329. The reigning Emperor was Go-Daigo-tennō (後醍醐天皇).

Emperor Go-Daigo
Emperor Go-Daigo (後醍醐天皇 Go-Daigo-tennō) (26 November 1288 – 19 September 1339) was the 96th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He successfully overthrew the Kamakura shogunate in 1333 and established the short-lived Kenmu Restoration to bring the Imperial House back into power. This was to be the last time the emperor had real power until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. The Kenmu restoration was in turn overthrown by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336, ushering in the Ashikaga shogunate. The overthrow split the imperial family into two opposing factions between the Ashikaga backed Northern Court situated in Kyoto and the Southern Court based in Yoshino. The Southern Court was led by Go-Daigo and his later successors.
Law Society of Hong Kong
The Law Society of Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港律師會) is the professional association and law society for solicitors in Hong Kong, established in 1907. The Law Society of Hong Kong is responsible for the classification and qualification of solicitors in Hong Kong. According to Hong Kong law, all Hong Kong practising solicitors must be members of the Society.

The Law Society is currently headed by President Roden Tong (湯文龍) and is located on the third floor of Wing On House in Central.

Law society
A law society is an association of lawyers with a regulatory role that includes the right to supervise the training, qualifications, and conduct of lawyers. Where there is a distinction between barristers and solicitors, solicitors are regulated by the law societies and barristers by a separate bar council.