hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Burgher (social class)
The burgher class was a social class consisting of municipal residents (Latin: cives), that is, free persons subject to municipal law, formed in the Middle Ages. These free persons were subject to city law, medieval town privileges, a municipal charter, or German town law. After the fall of the  estate monarchy, this social class, more often referred to as the bourgeoisie (from French: bourgeoisie – city residents) and less often as the burgher class, generally refers to town or city inhabitants. Due to the ideological and pejorative connotations of the terms 'burgher class' and 'bourgeoisie,' modern sociology prefers to use the term 'middle class.'

Gradually, within the burgher class, a wealthy stratum emerged, engaged in banking and overseas trade, organized in guilds and trading companies. The rise of this stratum is associated with the beginning of capitalism.

Free imperial city
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (German: Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, Latin: urbs imperialis libera), was used from the 15th century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.

An imperial city held the status of imperial immediacy, and was subordinate only to the Holy Roman Emperor, as opposed to a territorial city or town (Landstadt), which was subordinate to a territorial prince – be it an ecclesiastical lord (prince-bishop, prince-abbot), or a secular prince (duke (Herzog), margrave, count (Graf), etc.).
Subramaniam Sinniah
Subramaniam s/o Sinniah (Tamil: சி. சுப்ரமணியம், romanized: Ci. Cupramaṇiyam; 6 October 1944 – 5 July 2022), or S. Subramaniam as he was known to his supporters, was a Malaysian politician of Indian origin who was a member of the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He served as the Deputy President of MIC from October 1979 to June 2006. He was the longest-serving officeholder by serving for 27 years. He served as Deputy Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs from 1995 to 2004, Parliamentary Secretary of International Trade and Industry from 1991 to 1995 and Parliamentary Secretary of Labour and Manpower from 1974 to 1978 as well as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Segamat from 1982 to 2004 and Damansara from 1974 to 1982.

Segamat (federal constituency)
Segamat is a federal constituency in Segamat District, Johor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1955 to 1959 and 1974 to present.

The federal constituency was created in the 1955 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
En riktig jul
En riktig jul ("A Real Christmas") is the 2007 Sveriges Television's Christmas calendar, broadcast by Sveriges Television (SVT).

The TV series was produced in January–March 2007. It was recorded at Ålstensgatan ("Ålsten Street") in Ålsten, Stockholm Municipality and at Årsta torg in Årsta, southern Stockholm. It was also recorded in studio until June.

It was directed by Simon Kaijser da Silva and written by Pernilla Oljelund and Hans Rosenfeldt.

Hans Rosenfeldt
Hans Rosenfeldt (born Hans Petersson; 1964) is a Swedish screenwriter, radio presenter, novelist and actor. He co-created the Swedish series De drabbade (2003) and Oskyldigt dömd (2008–09), and created the Scandinavian series The Bridge (2011–2018), and the ITV/Netflix series Marcella (2016–2021).
Motsi Mabuse
Motshegetsi "Motsi" Mabuse (born 11 April 1981) is a South African dancer who lives in Germany. She is known for appearing on the German dance competition Let's Dance, originally as a professional dancer, and later as a judge on the show, a position she has held since 2011. Since 2019, she has served as a judge on the original version, Strictly Come Dancing.

Let's Dance (German TV series)
Let's Dance is a German dance competition television series that premiered on April 3, 2006, on RTL and filmed live in Cologne. The show is based on the British reality TV competition Strictly Come Dancing and is part of the Dancing with the Stars franchise.

The format of the show consists of a celebrity paired with a professional dancer. Each couple performs predetermined dances and competes against the others for judges' points and audience votes. The couple receiving the lowest combined total of judges' points and audience votes is eliminated each week until only the champion dance pair remains.
Ackerly, Texas
Ackerly is a city in Dawson and Martin Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 264. The Martin county portion of Ackerly is part of the Midland-Odessa metropolitan area.

Dawson County, Texas
Dawson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 12,456. The county seat is Lamesa. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1905. It is named for Nicholas Mosby Dawson, a soldier of the Texas Revolution. Dawson County comprises the Lamesa, Texas micropolitan statistical area (μSA), and by population is the smallest μSA in the United States.
Schaghticoke, New York
Schaghticoke (/ˈskætɪkoʊk/ SKAT-ih-kohk) is a town in Rensselaer County, New York, United States. The population was 7,445 at the 2020 census. It was named for the Schaghticoke, a Native American tribe formed in the seventeenth century from an amalgamation of remnant peoples of eastern New York and New England. The tribe has one of the oldest reservations in the United States, located in what is now Litchfield County, Connecticut. It has been recognized by the state of Connecticut but has not yet achieved federal recognition.

The town is on the northern border of the county, north of Troy. The town contains a village, also called Schaghticoke, and part of the village of Valley Falls.

Hoosic River
The Hoosic River, also known as the Hoosac, the Hoosick (primarily in New York) and the Hoosuck (mostly archaic), is a 76.3-mile-long (122.8 km) tributary of the Hudson River in the northeastern United States. The different spellings are the result of varying transliterations of the river's original Algonquian name. It can be translated either as "the beyond place" (as in beyond, or east of, the Hudson) or as "the stony place" (perhaps because the river's stony bottom is usually exposed except in spring, or perhaps because local soils are so stony).
Roi Et Hospital
Roi Et Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลร้อยเอ็ด) is the main hospital of Roi Et Province, Thailand. It is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which trains doctors for the Faculty of Medicine of Mahasarakham University. It is an affiliated teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University.

Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University
The Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University (Thai: คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม) is a medical school in Northeastern Thailand located in Mueang Maha Sarakham District, Maha Sarakham Province.
Vladimír Petlák
Vladimír Petlák (21 February 1946 – 2 February 1999) was a Czech volleyball player who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1968 Summer Olympics, in the 1972 Summer Olympics, and in the 1976 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Kuřim and died in Ústí nad Labem.

In 1968 he was part of the Czechoslovak team which won the bronze medal in the Olympic tournament. He played all nine matches.

Four years later he finished sixth with the Czechoslovak team in the 1972 Olympic tournament. He played all seven matches.

At the 1976 Games he was a member of the Czechoslovak team which finished fifth in the Olympic tournament. He played all six matches.

Kuřim
Kuřim (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkur̝ɪm]; German: Gurein) is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 12,000 inhabitants. It is the most populated town of Brno-Country District.
2015 Mongolian Premier League
The 2015 Mongolian Premier League also known as the Khurkhree National Top League is the 47th edition of the tournament. Two new teams entered the competition, Deren and Soyombiin Barsuud to increase the number of teams to nine. The season started on 16 May 2015 and was ended on 26 September.

Soyombiin Baarsuud FC
Soyombiin Barsuud Football Club is a football club from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. They currently play in the Mongolia National Premier League, the highest level of football in Mongolia, making their debut appearance in the 2015 season. They have no professional footballers.
Fall (Borknagar album)
Fall is the twelfth studio album by Norwegian progressive metal band Borknagar. It was released on 23 February 2024 through Century Media Records and was produced by Øystein G. Brun, the band's guitarist.

Borknagar
Borknagar is a Norwegian progressive metal band with black metal and folk influences. It was founded in Bergen in 1995 by Øystein Garnes Brun primarily as a black metal band before later switching to a more melodic and progressive style. Borknagar's lyrics often deal with philosophy, paganism, nature and the cosmos. The band has released twelve studio albums.
Breguet 14
The Breguet XIV (in contemporary practice) or Breguet 14 is a French biplane bomber and reconnaissance aircraft of World War I. It was built in very large numbers and production continued for many years after the end of the war.

The Breguet 14 was among the first mass-produced aircraft to use large amounts of aluminium, rather than wood or steel, in its structure. This allowed the airframe to be both lighter and stronger,  making the aircraft fast and agile, and it was able to outrun some contemporary fighters.

Nakajima Aircraft Company
The Nakajima Aircraft Company (中島飛行機株式会社, Nakajima Hikōki Kabushiki Kaisha) was a prominent Japanese aircraft manufacturer and aviation engine manufacturer throughout World War II. It continues as the car and aircraft manufacturer Subaru.
Mount Liantai
36°26′26.22″N 116°55′54.42″E﻿ / ﻿36.4406167°N 116.9317833°E﻿ / 36.4406167; 116.9317833

Mount Liantai (Chinese: 莲台山; pinyin: Liántāi Shān; lit. 'Lotus Platform Mountain') is a mountain region located near Xia Village in the Changqing District of the City of Jinan, Shandong, China. The area is renowned for numerous caves of varying size and shape. The main cave (Touming cave) on Mount Liantai connects two opposite mountain slopes.

Changqing, Jinan
Changqing District (simplified Chinese: 长清区; traditional Chinese: 長清區; pinyin: Chángqīng Qū) is one of 10 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, East China, covering part of the southwestern suburbs. It has an area of 1,208.54 km2 and 595,549 permanent residents as of 2020.
Mircea Miclea
Mircea Miclea (born 8 November 1963) is a Romanian professor, psychologist and politician.

Born in Cioara, Alba County, he is the professor and director of The Centre for Applied Cognitive Psychology, at Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca. He served as the General Chancellor of the university from 2001 to 2004. In 2001, he was named the UNESCO Chair on Higher Education Management and Governance. In 2006, he was named Head of The Presidential Commission for analysis and elaboration of policies in education and research.

Miclea was the Minister of Education and Research in the Tăriceanu I Cabinet, from December 29, 2004, to November 10, 2005.

Săliștea
Săliștea (German: Tschorren; Hungarian: Alsócsóra), known as Cioara until 1965, is a commune located in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. The old name of Cioara is still widely used, especially by local residents.

It is composed of four villages: Mărgineni, Săliștea, Săliștea-Deal, and Tărtăria (Alsótatárlaka).
Riccardo Pizzuti
Riccardo Pizzuti (born 28 May 1934) is an Italian actor and stuntman. He is known for playing gunfighter Morton Clayton in the 1972 film Man of the East. He appeared in They Call Me Trinity, and its sequel Trinity Is Still My Name. He often appeared in films featuring the actors Terence Hill and Bud Spencer, usually cast as a villain. He has also been credited as Rick Piper and Peter Whiteman.

Man of the East
Man of the East (Italian: E poi lo chiamarono il magnifico) is a 1972 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by E.B. Clutcher starring Terence Hill.

The film is set in the Wild West during the time of the railway construction. A recurring theme is the always progressing modernisation which some of the protagonists are trying to escape. The original title E poi lo chiamarono il Magnifico (translatable as And then they called him the Magnificent One) was chosen to capitalize on the success of the two previous movies by E.B. Clutcher, both starring Terrence Hill, They Call Me Trinity and Trinity Is Still My Name, even if in this movies there are different characters and Bud Spencer, historic sidekick of Terrence Hill/Trinity, is not featured.
In Dreams (After the Burial album)
In Dreams is the third studio album by American progressive metalcore band After the Burial. It was released on November 23, 2010, through Sumerian Records. It is the first After the Burial album to feature music videos, which were produced for songs "Pendulum" and "Your Troubles Will Cease and Fortune Will Smile Upon You". This album also features more prominent clean backing vocals sung by lead guitarist Trent Hafdahl.

In 2024, Metal Injection included the album in their list of "10 Deathcore Albums That Aged Incredibly Well".

After the Burial
After the Burial is an American progressive metalcore band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. They are signed to Sumerian Records and have released five of their six full-length albums through the label. Since their inception in 2004, the band has gone through two vocalist changes, two drummer changes, the departure and death of founding rhythm guitarist Justin Lowe, and the departure of bassist Lerichard Foral. Lead guitarist Trent Hafdahl remains the sole remaining founding member. They are considered key contributors to the development of subgenres such as djent and progressive metalcore.
Sakya Chokden
Serdok Penchen Shakya Chokden (gser mdog pan chen shakya mchog ldan, 1428–1507) was one of the most important religious thinkers of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was a student of Rongtön Shecha Kunrig (1367-1449), Dönyö Pelwa, Künga Zangpo and many other Tibetan scholars. He also received empowerments and studied under several Kagyu lineages. Shakya Chokden's seat was the Thubten Serdogchen monastery in south Shigatse.

Sakya
The Sakya (Tibetan: ས་སྐྱ་, Wylie: sa skya, 'pale earth') school is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the others being the Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug. It is one of the Red Hat Orders along with the Nyingma and Kagyu.
Makary, Cameroon
Makary is a town in Logone-et-Chari, Far North Region, Cameroon, West Africa. The town is located on the right (east) bank of a distributary of the Chari River in the delta just before it enters Lake Chad. The people are known as Kotoko, and the local language is Mpade; Fulani (Fulfulde) is the trade language. The primary economic activity was and is fishing.

Mpade language
Mpadə is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad.  Dialects are Bodo, Biamo, Digam, Mpade (Makari), Shoe (Shewe), and Woulki.

The language is sometimes known as Makari, after one of the towns where it is spoken.  Ngala further west (as described by Barth) once spoke a dialect similar to Makari, but it was moribund by the 1920s, the people having shifted to Kanuri.
38th Venice International Film Festival
The 38th annual Venice International Film Festival was held on 2 to 12 September, 1981.

Italian writer and journalist Italo Calvino was the Jury President of the main competition. The Golden Lion winner was Marianne and Juliane directed by Margarethe von Trotta.

They Don't Wear Black Tie
Eles Não Usam Black-tie (internationally released as They Don't Wear Black Tie) is a 1981 Brazilian drama film directed by Leon Hirszman, based on Gianfrancesco Guarnieri's play of the same name.

In 2015, the Brazilian Film Critics Association aka Abraccine voted They Don't Wear Black Tie the 14th greatest Brazilian film of all time, in its list of the 100 best Brazilian films.
Dan Keun Sung
Dan Keun Sung (Korean: 성단근; born 19 July 1952) is a South Korean professor of electronic engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Daejeon.

Sung was born in South Gyeongsang Province. He received his B.Sc. in electronic engineering from Seoul National University in 1975 before going on to the University of Texas at Austin, where he received his M.Sc. (1982) and Ph.D. (1986) in electrical and computer engineering. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for contributions to network resource management. He is also a member of the Korean Academy of Science and Technology.

KAIST
KAIST (originally the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) is a national research university located in Daedeok Innopolis, Daejeon, South Korea. KAIST was established by the Korean government in 1971 as the nation's first public, research-oriented science and engineering institution. KAIST has been internationally accredited in business education, and hosts the Secretariat of the Association of Asia-Pacific Business Schools (AAPBS). KAIST has 10,504 full-time students and 1,342 faculty researchers (as of the Fall 2019 Semester) and had a total budget of US$765 million in 2013, of which US$459 million was from research contracts.

In 2007, KAIST partnered with international institutions and adopted dual degree programs for its students. Its partner institutions include the Technical University of Denmark, Carnegie Mellon University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, and the Technical University of Munich.
Theonellidae
Theonellidae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Tetractinellida, which was first described by Robert von Lendenfeld in 1903.

Theonella conica is known for hyperaccumulation of molybdenum due to the action of an endosymbiont microbe, Entotheonella sp.

Tetractinellida
Tetractinellida is an order of sea sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae. First described in 1876, this order received a new description in 2012 and replaced the two orders Astrophorida and Spirophorida, which then became sub-orders as Astrophorina and Spirophorina.
Hellmouth (film)
Hellmouth is a 2014 Canadian horror film that was directed by John Geddes, based on a script written by Tony Burgess. The film had its world premiere on 17 October 2014 at the Toronto After Dark Film Festival and stars Stephen McHattie as a grave-keeper that finds himself traveling to hell to save the soul of a beautiful woman. Funding for Hellmouth was partially raised through an Indiegogo campaign.

Toronto After Dark Film Festival
Toronto After Dark Film Festival (TADFF) is a showcase of horror, sci-fi, action and cult cinema held annually in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The festival premieres a diverse selection of feature-length and short-films from around the world including new works from Asia, Europe and North America. The festival was founded by Adam Lopez in 2006.
Henry W. Corbett
Henry Winslow Corbett (February 18, 1827 – March 31, 1903) was an American businessman, politician, civic benefactor, and philanthropist in the state of Oregon. A native of Massachusetts, he spent his early life in the East and New York before moving to the Oregon Territory. He was a prominent figure in the early development of Portland, Oregon, and was involved in numerous business ventures there, starting in general merchandise. His interests later included banking, finance, insurance, river shipping, stage lines, railways, telegraph, iron and steel and the erection of Portland downtown buildings among other enterprises. A Republican, he served as a United States senator from 1867 to 1873.

Westborough, Massachusetts
Westborough is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 21,567 at the 2020 census, in over 7,000 households. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Incorporated in 1717, the town is governed under the New England open town meeting system, headed by a five-member elected Board of Selectmen whose duties include licensing, appointing various administrative positions, and calling a town meeting of citizens annually or whenever the need arises.
First Look Media
First Look Media is an American nonprofit media organization founded by Pierre Omidyar in October 2013 as a venue for "original, independent journalism". The project was started as a collaboration with Glenn Greenwald, Jeremy Scahill, and Laura Poitras with a promised $250 million in funding from Omidyar. The organization announced plans to support multiple publications, the first of which was The Intercept, launched in February 2014.

A second publication was announced in February 2014 that would focus on financial and political corruption, headed by Matt Taibbi. Although the name of the publication was not publicly announced, the name Racket was reportedly chosen. The publication was to be launched autumn 2014 but in October, it was reported that Taibbi was on leave after "disagreements with higher-ups". On October 28, Omidyar stated in a press release that Taibbi had left First Look.

The Intercept
The Intercept is an American left-wing nonprofit news organization that publishes articles and podcasts online. The Intercept has published in English since its founding in 2014, and in Portuguese since the 2016 launch of the Brazilian edition. It has been noted for its pro-Palestinian coverage.

Notable events in the organization's history include the Juan M. Thompson scandal, in which an Intercept reporter was accused of fabricating quotes and inventing sources, and the Reality Winner controversy, in which The Intercept's mishandling of anonymously submitted government materials was said to have exposed the military contractor as a source and led to her arrest.
The Collector (1965 film)
The Collector is a 1965 psychological horror film directed by William Wyler, adapted by Stanley Mann and John Kohn from the 1963 novel by John Fowles. It stars Terence Stamp as a young man who abducts a beautiful art student, played by Samantha Eggar, holding her captive in the basement of his rural farmhouse.

The film premiered at the 1965 Cannes Film Festival, where both Stamp and Eggar won the awards for Best Actor and Best Actress, respectively. Upon its theatrical release in June 1965, the film received largely favorable reviews. Eggar won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama for her performance, and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, while Wyler received his 12th and final nomination for Best Director.

Kenneth More
Kenneth Gilbert More (20 September 1914 – 12 July 1982) was an English actor.

Initially achieving fame in the comedy Genevieve (1953), More appeared in many roles as a carefree, happy-go-lucky gent. His films from this period include Doctor in the House (1954), Raising a Riot (1955), The Admirable Crichton (1957), The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw (1958) and Next to No Time (1958). He also played more serious roles as a leading man, beginning with The Deep Blue Sea (1955), Reach for the Sky (1956), A Night to Remember (1958), North West Frontier (1959), The 39 Steps (1959) and Sink the Bismarck! (1960).

Although More's career declined in the early 1960s, two of his own favourite films date from this time – The Comedy Man (1964) and The Greengage Summer (1961) with Susannah York, "one of the happiest films on which I have ever worked." He also enjoyed a revival in the much-acclaimed TV adaptation of The Forsyte Saga (1967) and the Father Brown series (1974).