hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Birtley Belgians
The Birtley Belgians emigrated from Belgium to Birtley in what is now Gateshead, Tyne & Wear but was then County Durham (Britain) during World War I to create an armaments factory. In the early stages of the War, British authorities realised that the national armaments production would not produce the number and quality needed to fight the German Imperial Army. A 1915 shell shortage was reported in the papers, and the ensuing crisis contributed to bringing down the government of H.H. Asquith.  The new government commissioned armament factories throughout Britain, although the challenge of staffing these factories remained high.  The British recruited Belgians, known for their excellent armament factories, to man the plant in Birtley.

They were housed in a temporary village adjacent to Birtley, named Elisabethville after the then queen of the Belgians.

Birtley, Tyne and Wear
Birtley is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, in Tyne and Wear, England. It is situated to the south of Gateshead and is conjoined to Chester-le-Street across the county boundary in County Durham.
Kiryat Sanz, Netanya
Kiryat Sanz (Hebrew: קריית צאנז, also spelled Kiriat Tzanz) is a Haredi neighborhood located at the northwestern end of Netanya, Israel. Founded in 1956 by the previous Klausenburger Rebbe, Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam, who established his court there in 1960, Kiryat Sanz is the world center for Sanz-Klausenburg Hasidism. Halberstam's son and successor, Rabbi Zvi Elimelech Halberstam, known as the Sanzer Rebbe, holds his court here.

Netanya
Netanya (Hebrew: נתניה, IPA: [netanˈja]), or Natanya (IPA: [naˈtanja]), is a city in the Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is 30 kilometres (20 mi) north of Tel Aviv, and 56 km (35 mi) south of Haifa, between the Poleg stream and the Wingate Institute in the south and the Avihayil stream in the north.

Netanya was named in honor of Nathan Straus, a prominent Jewish American merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of Macy's department store. The 14 km (8+1⁄2 mi) of beaches have made the city a popular tourist resort.

In 2023, Netanya had a population of 233,485, ranking it as the 7th largest city in Israel by population. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within ten kilometres (six miles) of Netanya, which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor was Miriam Feirberg, who died in 2025.
Samuel Black Range
The Samuel Black Range is a mountain range in the angle of the upper Toodoggone and the Finlay Rivers in northern British Columbia, Canada. It has an area of 808 km2 and is a subrange of the Omineca Mountains which in turn form part of the Interior Mountains.  The range is named for Samuel Black, the first European to explore the area.

The highest mountain in the Samuel Black Range is the unofficially named Samuel Black SW13 at 2,120 m (6,955 ft).

Samuel Black
Samuel Black (May 3, 1780 – February 8, 1841) was a Scottish fur trader and explorer, a clerk in the New North West Company (XYC) and Wintering Partner in the North West Company (NWC), and later clerk, chief trader, and chief factor in the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) for the Columbia District. In 1824, he explored the Finlay River and its tributaries in present-day north-central British Columbia, Canada, including the Muskwa, Omineca and Stikine for the HBC. His journals were published by the Hudson's Bay Record Society in 1955.
Łabuchy
Łabuchy [waˈbuxɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Biskupiec and 35 km (22 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Biskupiec, Olsztyn County
Gmina Biskupiec is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Biskupiec, which lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 290.38 square kilometres (112.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 19,018, of which the population of Biskupiec is 10,348, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 8,670.
Shadia Mansour
Shadia Mansour (Arabic: شادية منصور, romanized: Shādiyah Manṣūr; born 1985), also known as "the First Lady of Arabic Hip Hop", is a British-Palestinian rapper who performs in Arabic and English. Much of her music revolves around Middle Eastern politics.

British Arabs
British Arabs (Arabic: عرب بريطانيا) are British citizens of Arab descent. They share a common Arab ethnicity, culture, language and identity from different Arab countries. Arabs also come from non-Arab countries as ethnic minorities (e.g., Khuzestani Arabs and Israeli Arabs).

The 2021 United Kingdom census recorded a population of 355,977 or 0.5% of the population in the United Kingdom, with about 40% of the whole population residing in Greater London. In 2005, the BBC found that the majority of Arab residents in London hailed from Egypt, Morocco, Palestine, Yemen, Lebanon, the Gulf States, and Iraq. The 2011 census recorded a population of 249,911 in Great Britain, with no specific figure recorded for Northern Ireland as the Arab category was introduced later in Northern Ireland.
42nd Annual Grammy Awards
The 42nd Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 23, 2000, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1999. Nominations were announced on January 4, 2000. Santana was the main recipient with eight Grammys, tying Michael Jackson's record for most awards won in a single night. Santana's album Supernatural was awarded a total of nine awards. Former Mouseketeers and American teen singers (at the time), Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, were both nominated for Best New Artist, ultimately won by Aguilera.

Barry White
Barry Eugene White (né Carter; September 12, 1944 – July 4, 2003) was an American R&B and disco singer, songwriter, actor, and record producer. A two-time Grammy Award winner known for his bass voice and romantic image, his greatest success came in the 1970s as a solo singer and with the Love Unlimited Orchestra, crafting many enduring R&B, soul, and disco songs such as his two biggest hits: "Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" and "You're the First, the Last, My Everything".

White recorded 20 studio albums during the course of his career, while multiple versions and compilations were released worldwide that were certified gold, 41 of which also attained platinum status. White had 20 gold and 10 platinum singles, with worldwide record sales in excess of 100 million records, and is one of the best-selling music artists of all time. His influences included James Cleveland, Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, the Supremes, the Four Tops, and Marvin Gaye.
Nobody Loves an Albatross
Nobody Loves an Albatross is a 1963 comedy play written by Ronald Alexander, which was performed at the Lyceum Theatre of Broadway, New York between 19 December 1963 and June 20, 1964.

It was produced by Elliot Martin and Philip Rose, directed by Gene Saks, scenery and lighting were by Will Steven Armstrong, costume design by Florence Klotz. The play, set in the "living room of Nathaniel Bentley's house in Beverly Hills", is a satire of the US television industry. It featured Robert Preston in the lead role.

Gene Saks
Gene Saks (born Jean Michael Saks; November 8, 1921 – March 28, 2015) was an American director and actor.  An inductee of the American Theater Hall of Fame, his acting career began with a Broadway debut in 1949.  As a director, he was nominated for seven Tony Awards, winning three for his direction of I Love My Wife, Brighton Beach Memoirs and Biloxi Blues.  He also directed a number of films during his career.  He was married to Bea Arthur from 1950 until 1978, and subsequently to Keren Saks from 1980 to his death in 2015.
Cinigiano
Cinigiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Grosseto.

Cinigiano borders the following municipalities: Arcidosso, Campagnatico, Castel del Piano, Civitella Paganico, Montalcino.

Civitella Paganico
Civitella Paganico is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region Tuscany.  It features agricultural land, the main economy of the region, interspersed with dense forest.  It is home to a variety of plant and animal species.  Civitella Paganico is home to the Petriolo hot springs, which have been enjoyed by travelers for thousands of years.

Civilization in Civitella Paganico likely dates back to the Palaeolithic age.  It is home to Etruscan and Roman remains.  During the Middle Ages, the land was controlled by the Ardengheschi family, the Republic of Siena, and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.  As of 2013, it is home to 3291 people, of which 15% are foreigners.

Civitella Paganico contains a number of small villages, the largest of which is Paganico.  The municipal seat is located in Civitella Marittima.  Civitella Paganico is also home to an Etruscan tomb that was found undisturbed in 2007.  The remains of 30 people were found in the small enclosure.
Orthogonal complement
In the mathematical fields of linear algebra and functional analysis, the orthogonal complement of a subspace  of a vector space  equipped with a bilinear form  is the set  of all vectors in  that are orthogonal to every vector in .  Informally, it is called the perp, short for perpendicular complement. It is a subspace of .

World line
The world line (or worldline) of an object is the path that an object traces in 4-dimensional spacetime. It is an important concept of modern physics, and particularly theoretical physics.

The concept of a "world line" is distinguished from concepts such as an "orbit" or a "trajectory" (e.g., a planet's orbit in space or the trajectory of a car on a road) by inclusion of the dimension time, and typically encompasses a large area of spacetime wherein paths which are straight perceptually are rendered as curves in spacetime to show their (relatively) more absolute position states—to reveal the nature of special relativity or gravitational interactions.

The idea of world lines was originated by physicists and was pioneered by Hermann Minkowski. The term is now used most often in the context of relativity theories (i.e., special relativity and general relativity).
Great Mosque of Surakarta
The Great Mosque of Surakarta (Indonesian: Masjid Agung Surakarta; Javanese: Masjid Ageng Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat) is an 18th-century Javanese mosque in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. It is the royal mosque of the Surakarta Sunanate.

Surakarta
Surakarta (Javanese: ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ, Pegon: سوراكارتا), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese: ꦱꦭ; Sålå), is a major city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 46.72 km2 (18.04 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and west, and Sukoharjo Regency to the south. On the eastern side of Solo lies Solo River (Bengawan Solo). Its metropolitan area, consisting of Surakarta City and the surrounding six regencies ("Greater Solo Area", formerly Special Region of Surakarta), was home to 6,837,753 inhabitants according to the official estimates for mid 2023, 526,870 of whom reside in the city proper.

Surakarta is the birthplace of the President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024, Joko Widodo, as well as his son and current Vice President of Indonesia, Gibran Rakabuming Raka. The former served as Mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012, as did the latter from 2021 to 2024.
Counce, Tennessee
Counce is an unincorporated community in Hardin County, Tennessee. Counce is located on Tennessee State Route 57 near the Mississippi border. The community is adjacent to the Tennessee River near the Pickwick Landing Dam. Counce is the terminus of a CPKC, ex Kansas City Southern line which was originally the Corinth and Counce Railroad and later became part of the MidSouth Rail Corporation before Kansas City Southern took over MidSouth. Counce was named after the Counce families, who were the first families to inhabit the community.

Corinth and Counce Railroad
The Corinth and Counce Railroad was a Class III railroad operating freight service between Mississippi and Tennessee.  The line was built in 1959, expanded in 1974 and sold in 1991 to a new owner who changed the railroad's name.  Today, some of the Corinth and Counce's trackage is operated by the Kansas City Southern Railway.
Napa-1
Napa-1 (Thai: นภา-1), also known as RTAF-SAT-1, is a Thai Earth observation satellite. It is the first satellite of the Royal Thai Air Force. The satellite was built by Dutch firm Innovative Solutions In Space (ISISPACE). After being delayed several times partially due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the satellite was launched on 3 September 2020, on Arianespace Vega rocket's flight VV16.

Royal Thai Air Force
The Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) (Thai: กองทัพอากาศไทย; RTGS: Kong Thap Akat Thai) is the air force of Thailand. Since its establishment in 1913 as one of the earliest air forces of Asia, the Royal Thai Air Force has engaged in numerous major and minor conflicts. During the Vietnam War era, the RTAF was supplied with USAF-aid equipment.
Passport to Suez
Passport to Suez (1943; also known as A Night of Adventure and The Clock Strikes Twelve) is the 20th film featuring the Lone Wolf character. It was the eleventh of fifteen in the Columbia Pictures series, and the last to star Warren William as the lead character, a jewel thief turned private detective. The Lone Wolf battles Nazi spies in Egypt in World War II. The character's next film was The Notorious Lone Wolf.

Lone Wolf (character)
The Lone Wolf is the nickname of the fictional character Michael Lanyard, a jewel thief turned private detective in a series of novels written by Louis Joseph Vance (1879–1933). Many films based on and inspired by the books have been made. The character also appeared briefly on radio and television.
Rasheen Mountain
Rasheen Mountain is a historical mountain in the State of Palestine and is the highest area in Tulkarm Governorate above sea level. It rises about 600 meters above sea level, and the mountain experiences snowfall and accumulation of snow in the winter, It is located along the Mediterranean coastline. The mountain is located in the town of Balaa in the governorate and is surrounded by land from the villages of Kafr Rumman, Anabta, and others. At the top of the mountain is the Roman archaeological site of "Khirbet Rasheen". At the base of the mountain, the Ottoman Empire dug the famous Ottoman train tunnel, known as the "Balaa Tunnel". The first of its kind at the time in the Middle East. Today, it is one of the most prominent tourist attractions in Palestine.

Anabta
Anabta (Arabic: عنبتا) is a Palestinian town in the Tulkarm Governorate in the northern West Bank, located 9 kilometers east of Tulkarm. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Anabta had a population of 8,077 inhabitants in 2017. Anabta is administered by a municipal council and is one of the oldest municipalities in the Tulkarm Governorate.
Grey Gardens
Grey Gardens is a 1975 American documentary film by Albert and David Maysles. The film depicts the everyday lives of two reclusive, upper-class women, a mother and daughter both named Edith Beale, who lived in poverty at Grey Gardens, a derelict mansion at 3 West End Road in the wealthy Georgica Pond neighborhood of East Hampton, New York. The film was screened at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival but was not entered into the main competition.

Ellen Hovde and Muffie Meyer also directed, and Susan Froemke was the associate producer. The film was edited by Hovde, Meyer and Froemke.

In 2010, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", and in the 2014 Sight and Sound poll film critics voted Grey Gardens the tenth-best documentary film of all time. In November 2012, it topped the list of 100 greatest documentary  films of all time by PBS through public voting.

Ellen Hovde
Ellen Margerethe Hovde (March 9, 1925 – February 16, 2023) was an American documentarian. She co-directed Grey Gardens with the Maysles brothers. She won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special for producing the 2002 series Benjamin Franklin for PBS.
Vodlozersky National Park
Vodlozersky National Park (Russian: Водлозерский национальный парк) is a national park in the north of Russia, located in Onezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Pudozhsky District in the Republic of Karelia. It was established April 20, 1991. Since 2001, the National Park has the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The national park was created to protect coniferous forests (taiga) of Northern Russia.

The park covers 4,280 square kilometres (1,650 square miles); additionally, 400 square kilometres (150 square miles) are used by the park but belong to third parties. At the time of creation, Vodlozersky National Park was the second-largest national park in Europe after Yugyd Va National Park. The park area includes Lake Vodlozero, the river basin of the Ileksa, the main inflow of the lake, and the upper course of the Vodla, the outflow.

Lake Vodlozero
Lake Vodlozero (Russian: Водлозеро, Finnish: Vodlajärvi) is a large freshwater lake in the southeastern part of the Republic of Karelia, Russia. It is located at 62°20′N 36°55′E﻿ / ﻿62.333°N 36.917°E﻿ / 62.333; 36.917 and has an area of 322 km2. It is 36 km long and 16 km wide. There are more than 190 islands on the lake. Vodlozero is used for fishery. It freezes up in early November and stays icebound until early May. The largest tributary of the lake is the river Ileksa. Its outflow is the river Vodla (through its tributaries Suhaya Vodla and Vama), that flows into Lake Onega.
Ajax (opera)
Ajax is an opera by the French composer Toussaint Bertin de la Doué, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opera) on 20 April 1716. It takes the form of a tragédie en musique in a prologue and five acts. The libretto is by Mennesson.

Toussaint Bertin de la Doué
Toussaint Bertin de la Doué (or Thomas Bertin de la Doué)  (1680 – 6 February 1743) was a French composer of the Baroque era. He worked as an organist for the Theatines, as a musician for the Duc d'Orléans and as a violinist and harpsichordist at the Paris Opéra (between 1714 and 1734). He wrote sacred music, songs, trios for two violins and basso continuo, and several operas.
Mendocino Lumber Company
Mendocino Lumber Company operated a sawmill on Big River near the town of Mendocino, California. The sawmill began operation in 1853 as the Redwood Lumber Manufacturing Company, and changed ownership several times before cutting its final logs in 1938. The sawmill site became part of the Big River Unit of Mendocino Headlands State Park where a few features of the mill and its associated forest railway are still visible along the longest undeveloped estuary in northern California.

Forest railway
A forest railway, forest tram, timber line, logging railway or logging railroad is a mode of railway transport which is used for forestry tasks, primarily the transportation of felled logs to sawmills or railway stations.

In most cases this form of transport utilised narrow gauges, and were temporary in nature, and in rough and sometimes difficult to access terrain.
God Leaves (And Dies)
God Leaves (And Dies) is the debut EP by Swiss industrial metal band Apollyon Sun. It was released in 1998.

"God Leaves" and "The Cane" were taken from the band's 1997 Industry Demonstration and were remastered for this release. Written, arranged and  produced by Apollyon Sun. Recorded at Greenwood Studios, Nunningen, Switzerland, and Artag Studio, Zurich, Switzerland, January 1998.

"Concrete Satan" includes samples from the film Scared Straight! (1980).

Apollyon Sun
Apollyon Sun was a Swiss industrial metal band formed by singer/guitarist Tom Gabriel Fischer and guitarist Erol Unala in early 1995, after the termination of Celtic Frost, Fischer's prior group. The group was unofficially dissolved in 2001 when Fischer invited Erol Unala to contribute to the reformation of Celtic Frost. Their name is taken from the Celtic Frost demo "Under Apollyon's Sun".
Khmelnytskyi Raion
Khmelnytskyi Raion (Ukrainian: Хмельницький район, romanized: Khmel'nyts'kyi raion) is one of the three administrative raions (districts) of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Khmelnytskyi. Population: 672,305 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Khmelnytskyi Raion was significantly expanded. Ten abolished raions, Derazhnia, Horodok, Krasyliv, Letychiv, Stara Syniava, Starokostiantyniv, Teofipol, Vinkivtsi, Volochysk, and Yarmolyntsi Raions, as well as the cities of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv, which were previously incorporated as a cities of oblast significance and did not belong to the corresponding raions, were merged into Khmelnytskyi Raion. Its population was 53,686 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 52,955 (2020 est.).

Vinkivtsi Raion
Vinkivtsi Raion (Ukrainian: Віньковецький район, Vin'kovets'kyi raion) was one of the 20 administrative raions (a district) of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was located in the urban-type settlement of Vinkivtsi. Its population was 31,058 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Vinkivtsi Raion was merged into Khmelnytskyi Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 22,740 (2020 est.)
Michael J. Panter
Michael J. Panter (born October 10, 1969 in Red Bank, New Jersey) is an American politician and entrepreneur from the state of New Jersey. Panter served in the New Jersey General Assembly for two terms from 2004 until 2008, where he represented the 12th legislative district. He has been as resident of Shrewsbury, New Jersey.

Shrewsbury, New Jersey
Shrewsbury is a borough in eastern Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Located within the heart of the northern Jersey Shore region, the borough is a bedroom community of New York City. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 4,184, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 375 (+9.8%) from the 2010 census count of 3,809, which in turn reflected an increase of 219 (+6.1%) from the 3,590 counted in the 2000 census.

Shrewsbury was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 22, 1926, from portions of Shrewsbury Township, based on the results of a referendum held on May 11, 1926. The borough's name comes from Shrewsbury, England.