hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1993 Tennessee Fairchild Merlin crash
On the evening of April 1, 1993, a Swearingen Merlin III twin turboprop, carrying NASCAR champion Alan Kulwicki, crashed near Blountville, Tennessee, while on approach to the nearby Tri-Cities Regional Airport. All four people on board, including Alan Kulwicki, two executives of his corporate sponsor Hooters, and the pilot, were killed.

Kulwicki was being transported from a promotional appearance in Knoxville, Tennessee to the Bristol Motor Speedway for the running of the 1993 Food City 500 on April 4. An investigation determined that the probable cause of the accident was the pilot's failure to operate the engine inlet anti-ice system properly.

Tri-Cities Regional Airport
Tri-Cities Airport (IATA: TRI, ICAO: KTRI, FAA LID: TRI) (also known as Tri-Cities Airport, TN/VA), serves the Tri-Cities area (Johnson City, Tennessee; Kingsport, Tennessee; Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia) of Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia. It has a street address in the census-designated place of Blountville, Tennessee, but is adjacent to the city limits of Kingsport.  The airport is governed by the Tri-Cities Airport Authority (TCAA) whose members are appointed by the cities of Johnson City, Kingsport, Bristol (TN), Bristol (VA) and both Washington and Sullivan counties in Tennessee.

Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 202,730 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 217,783 in 2009 and 202,114 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year).
Martin (magister militum per Armeniam)
Martin or Martinus was a Byzantine general of Thracian origin who served the Byzantine army during the reign of emperor Justinian I on various fronts.

He is first recorded to be active in Mesopotamia in 531 during the Iberian War. In 533, he took part in the successful Battle of Tricamarum in North Africa during the Vandalic War and remained active there until 536. From 536 to 540 he was active in Italy during the Gothic War (535–554). In 543-544 he briefly replaced Belisarius as the magister militum per Orientem, leading the disastrous invasion of Persarmenia during the Lazic War. In 544, he relieved Edessa of a Persian siege in exchange for gold. His last military activities was in 551–556 in the Caucasus during the Lazic War, including the assault on his stronghold at Telephis, his siege of Onoguris, and the Persian siege of Phasis. In 555, he had replaced Bessas as the magister militum per Armeniam.

Battle of Anglon
The Battle of Anglon took place in 543 AD, during the Byzantine (East Roman) invasion of Sasanian-ruled Armenia ("Persarmenia").

After receiving the news of a rebellion in Persia and an epidemic in King Khosrow I's army, the Byzantine armies in the East under the orders of Emperor Justinian I initiated a hasty invasion of Persarmenia. The outnumbered Persian forces in the region performed a meticulous ambush at the mountainous fortress of Anglon, decisively defeating the Byzantine forces in a siege-like confrontation.
Ahmed Abdi Godane
Ahmed Abdi Godane (10 July 1977 – 1 September 2014), also known as Mukhtar Abu Zubair, was a Somali militant leader who served as the second emir of al-Shabaab, an Islamist militant group based in Somalia. Godane, who received training and fought in Afghanistan, was designated by the United States as a terrorist. The exact date of Godane's rise to al-Shabaab's Emir is debated, although it seems he ascended to this position in December 2007.

During his leadership of Al-Shabaab, the group pledged allegiance to Al-Qaeda. He was killed in a U.S. drone strike on 1 September 2014 in southern Somalia.

Barawa
Barawa (Somali: بَراوِّ Barāwe, Maay: Barawy, Swahili: بَرَأَاوٖ Baraawe, Arabic: ﺑﺮﺍﻭة Barāwa, Italian: Brava), also known as Barawe and Brava, is the capital of the South West State of Somalia. It functions as a port town in the southwestern Lower Shebelle region of Somalia. Facing the Indian Ocean, Barawa serves as the main port of South West State.
Småland
Småland (Swedish: [ˈsmǒːland] ⓘ) is a historical province (landskap) in southern Sweden.
Småland borders Blekinge, Scania, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The name Småland literally means "small lands", referring to many small historic provinces from which it was composed. The Latinized form Smolandia has been used in other languages. The highest point in Småland is Tomtabacken, at 377 metres (1,237 ft). In terms of total area, Småland is similar in size to Belgium.

Växjö
Växjö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvɛ̂kːɧøː]) is a city and the seat of Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. As of 2023, it had 74,052 inhabitants, out of a total 98,280 municipal residents (2025). It is the administrative, cultural, and industrial centre of Kronoberg County and the episcopal see of the Diocese of Växjö, with Växjö Cathedral at its heart. The city is also home to Linnaeus University.
2013 FSP Gold River Women's Challenger – Doubles
Asia Muhammad and Yasmin Schnack were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but both decided not to defend the title together as a team. Muhammad partnered up with Maria Sanchez as the first seeds whilst Schnack received a wildcard with Kelly Wilson. Schnack and Wilson lost in the first round; Muhammad and Schnack lost in the quarterfinals.

Naomi Broady and Storm Sanders won the title, defeating Robin Anderson and Lauren Embree in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Storm Hunter
Storm Hunter (née Sanders; born 11 August 1994) is an Australian professional tennis player. She reached world No. 1 in doubles on 6 November 2023, becoming the third Australian woman to hold the top spot. She also has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 114 on 1 April 2024.

Hunter won her first major title in mixed doubles at the 2022 US Open. She has also won eight doubles titles on the WTA Tour, one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as three singles titles and thirteen doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Hunter debuted on the ITF Junior Circuit in December 2007, and on the senior circuit in November 2008. She won her first professional tournament in February 2013.

She also represented Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics, which due to the COVID-19 pandemic were held in 2021, reaching the quarterfinals in the women's doubles competition.
Hotel California (2013 film)
Hotel California  is a 2013 Malayalam comedy caper film directed by Aji John and written by Anoop Menon. It stars Jayasurya, Anoop Menon, Saiju Kurup, Shankar Panikkar, Joju George, Honey Rose, Maria Roy and Aparna Nair. The film is produced by Josemon Simon under the banner of Jairaj Films and features music composed by Shaan Rahman, cinematography by Jithu Damodar and editing by Xian. The film's title is inspired by the famous song of the same name by Eagles.

Honey Rose
Honey Rose (born 5 September 1991) is an Indian actress who mainly acts in Malayalam films. She has also appeared in a few Tamil, Kannada and Telugu films. She made her acting debut with the 2005 Malayalam film Boyy Friennd. Her breakthrough role came in 2012 with Trivandrum Lodge.
Valley Forge High School
Valley Forge High School is located in Parma Heights, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. It is one of two high schools in the Parma City School District, which is one of the largest school districts in the state of Ohio, serving the cities of Parma, Parma Heights, and Seven Hills.  The school's colors are Navy blue and white; its sports teams are known as the Patriots.

In the 2005 Marching Season, Valley Forge Patriot Marching Band became the first band in the Parma City School District to earn the right to attend and perform at the OMEA Marching Band State Finals in Columbus, Ohio. The band performed as a Class AA band. The band was later presented with a commendation for this achievement by the Board of Education for Parma and Parma Heights.

On March 1, 2008, Valley Forge High School was the site of a town hall meeting by former President Barack Obama. He spoke to a crowd of 1,300 in the high school's auditorium on topics including the foreclosure crisis and health care.

Parma City School District
Parma City School District (PCSD) is a school district that serves Parma, Parma Heights, and Seven Hills. The district is in the southwestern section of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. The District's sports stadium is Byers Field. Both high schools play golf at Ridgewood as their home course. The district has 6 Elementary Schools, 3 Middle Schools, 2 High Schools, 1 Alternative School, and 1 Preschool.
Jasper Johannsen
Jasper Johannsen (fl. 1550) was a 16th-century German organ builder. Not much is known about him, but he is known to have built the famous ”Böhm organ” of St. John's Church, Lüneburg 
with Hendrik Niehoff, completed in 1553. The organ was later named after it prominent master, Georg Böhm, and was played by young J. S. Bach. Noted Bach scholar Christoph Wolff says Böhm gave the young Bach lessons here during Bach's residency (1700–1702) at the nearby Michaeliskirche.

St. John's Church, Lüneburg
The Church of John the Baptist (Germ. St. Johannis or Johanniskirche) is the oldest Lutheran church in Lüneburg, Germany.  It is located in the city centre. Lüneburg is on the European Route of Brick Gothic and the church is an example of this style. With its 108-meter high spire, it is the second tallest church tower in Lower Saxony – after St. Andrew's in Hildesheim.
Menke nitration
The Menke nitration is the nitration of electron rich aromatic compounds with cupric nitrate and acetic anhydride.  The reaction introduces the nitro group predominantly in the ortho position to the activation group. It may proceed via the intermediary of acetyl nitrate. The reaction is named after the Dutch chemist J.B. Menke.

Copper(II) nitrate
Copper(II) nitrate describes any member of the family of inorganic compounds with the formula Cu(NO3)2·x(H2O). The hydrates are hygroscopic blue solids. Anhydrous copper nitrate forms blue-green crystals and sublimes in a vacuum at 150–200 °C (302–392 °F). Common hydrates are the hemipentahydrate and trihydrate.
Alexis Nikole Nelson
Alexis Nikole Nelson (born May 26, 1992) is an American forager, cook, and internet personality. She maintains the TikTok account alexisnikole and Instagram page blackforager, where she posts videos of her foraging finds along with cooking techniques and historical information.

In 2022, Nelson won the inaugural James Beard Award for Best Social Media Account.

Forager
A forager is a person who collects edible plants or fungi for consumption. Urban foragers may collect in city parks, private lands, and sidewalks. Urban foraging has gained in popularity in the 21st century, as people share their knowledge, experiments, and research about local flora online.

Notable foragers include "Wildman" Steve Brill, Sean Sherman, Alexis Nikole Nelson, Samuel Thayer, and chef Sami Tallberg.
William Bridges Adams
William Bridges Adams (1797 – 23 July 1872) was an English locomotive engineer, and writer. He is best known for his patented Adams axle – a successful radial axle design in use on railways in Britain until the end of steam traction in 1968 – and the railway fishplate. His writings, including English Pleasure Carriages (1837) and Roads and Rails (1862) covered all forms of land transport. Later he became a noted writer on political reform, under the pen name Junius Redivivus  (Junius reborn); a reference to a political letter writer of the previous century.

Adams axle
The  Adams axle is a form of radial axle for rail locomotives that enable them to negotiate curves more easily. It was invented by William Bridges Adams and patented in 1865. The invention uses  axle boxes that slide on an arc in shaped horn blocks, so allowing the axle to slide out to either side. This is similar to the movement of a Bissell truck, but with the notional centre point of the curve being where the  pivot of the truck would be. This design, using slide bearings, is more expensive than one employing a shaft, but takes up less space.
Plasma membrane transformation
The plasma membrane transformation is a concept introduced by Christopher R. Murphy of The University of Sydney to encapsulate the idea that a series of changes in the plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells is essential to the development of the receptivity of the uterus (womb) for the attachment of the blastocyst (fertilized egg) and the beginning of a pregnancy.

Originally advanced in 1993 (Murphy 1993) and subsequently elaborated in 1994 (Murphy and Shaw 1994), the concept has gained widespread acceptance  as a useful way to understand the changes in the epithelial cells lining the uterus as they progress towards becoming receptive for blastocyst implantation.

Subsequent reviews in 2000 and 2004 elaborated on the concept which has been extended to encompass all placental animals with live birth.

Uterine epithelium
The internal surface of the uterus is lined by uterine epithelial cells which undergo dramatic changes during pregnancy. The role of the uterine epithelial cells is to selectively allow the blastocyst to implant at a specific time (the time of implantation). All other times of the cycle, these uterine epithelial cells are refractory to blastocyst implantation. Uterine epithelial cells have a similar structure in most species and the changes which occur in the uterine epithelial cells at the time of blastocyst implantation are also conserved among most species.
Susan Blu
Susan Blu, better known as Sue Blu, is an American voice-actress, voice-director, and casting-director in American and Canadian cinema and television. She most notably voiced Arcee in The Transformers: The Movie and Seasons 3 and 4 of The Transformers (she later reprised the role in Transformers: Animated). She is also known for playing the roles of Stormer/Mary Phillips and Lindsey Pierce in the 1980s animated series Jem. She also served as a casting and voice director for Handy Manny, for which she also guest-starred as Marion.

The Magic School Bus (TV series)
The Magic School Bus is an animated educational children's television series, based on the book series of the same name by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. Originally broadcast from 1994 to 1997, the series received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity voice talent, as well as combining entertainment with an educational series. The series stars Lily Tomlin as the voice of Ms. Frizzle. The theme song is performed by Little Richard.
New Iberia, Louisiana
New Iberia (French: La Nouvelle-Ibérie; Spanish: Nueva Iberia; Louisiana Creole: Nouvèl Ibéri) is the largest city in and the parish seat of Iberia Parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The city of New Iberia is located approximately 21 miles (34 kilometers) southeast of Lafayette, and forms part of the Lafayette metropolitan statistical area in the region of Acadiana. The 2020 United States census tabulated a population of 28,555. New Iberia is served by Amtrak’s Sunset Limited, operating between Los Angeles and New Orleans. New Iberia has a major four lane highway, being U.S. 90 (future Interstate 49), and has its own general aviation airfield, Acadiana Regional Airport.  Scheduled passenger and cargo airline service is available via the nearby Lafayette Regional Airport located adjacent to U.S. 90 in Lafayette.

Lafayette Regional Airport
Lafayette Regional Airport(French: Aéroport régional de Lafayette) (IATA: LFT, ICAO: KLFT, FAA LID: LFT) is a public use airport two miles (4 km) southeast of Lafayette, in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is owned and operated by the City Parish of Lafayette.

The Lafayette Regional airport is located next to U.S. Highway 90 (future Interstate 49) on the east side of the city, close to offshore oil and gas activity in the Gulf of Mexico. Lafayette Regional is home to one of the largest helicopter companies in the world, Petroleum Helicopters International (formerly PHI-Petroleum Helicopters Inc.).

Lafayette Regional airport does not have international flights; however, regional jet service is operated nonstop to four hubs: Atlanta (ATL), Charlotte (CLT), Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) and Houston (IAH).
Craig Maltman
Thomas Craig Maltman (born 23 March 1953) is a Scottish professional golfer. He had some successes in Scottish events, winning the Scottish Assistants' Championship three times and winning the Tartan Tour Order of Merit in 1989 after winning the Sunderland Sportswear Masters and the Ram Classic that year. He played on the Safari Circuit, winning 1989 Zambia Open and the 1993 Kenya Open.

PGA Cup
The PGA Cup is a men's golf competition for club professionals played between a Great Britain and Ireland team and a United States team. The winning team is presented with the Llandudno Trophy. The competition is run by the British PGA and the PGA of America.  It was first played in 1973 and was an annual event until 1984, after which it became biennial.
14th Horse (Scinde Horse)
The Scinde Horse is an armoured regiment in the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army. The regiment, known before independence as the 14th Prince of Wales's Own Scinde Horse was a regular cavalry regiment of the Bombay Army, and later the British Indian Army.

Scinde Horse is the only regiment known to honour its enemy till date (the Baluchi warrior on its badge) and has not changed its badge since its raising.  At one point, the regiment carried nine Standards while on parade (regiments normally hold one), a unique privilege given to it for its valour.  The regiment was the first cavalry unit of the British Indian Army to be mechanized (at Rawalpindi, in 1938). It was also the first cavalry regiment to get the President of India's Standard after independence.

Indian Army Armoured Corps
The Indian Army Armoured Corps is one of the combat arms of the Indian Army. Tracing its origins from the first regiment formed in 1776, the present corps was formed in 1947 from two-thirds of the personnel and assets of the British Indian Army's Indian Armoured Corps. It currently consists of 67 armoured regiments, including the President's Bodyguard.
Scepter of Dagobert
Originally part of the French Crown Jewels, sometimes considered its oldest part, and dating from the 7th century, the scepter of Dagobert was stored in the treasure of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (also known as Basilique royale de Saint-Denis) until 1795, when it disappeared, stolen in the basilica and never seen again.

Its name comes from Dagobert I (629–639), the French king for whom it was supposedly created by master goldsmith Éloi de Noyon, better known as Saint Eligius.

Dagobert I
Dagobert I (Latin: Dagobertus; c. 603/605 – 19 January 639) was King of the Franks. He ruled Austrasia (623–634) and Neustria and Burgundy (629–639). He has been described as the last king of the Merovingian dynasty to wield real royal power, after which the Mayor of the palace rose as the political and war leader. Dagobert was the first Frankish king to be buried in the royal tombs at the Basilica of Saint-Denis.
Tom Daugherty
Tom Daugherty (born February 22, 1975) is a right-handed American professional ten-pin bowler residing in Riverview, Florida. He is a member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA), having joined in 2001.  He is one of the very few PBA bowlers to successfully use the one-handed no-thumb delivery, although he uses his thumb for most spares. While Daugherty has won four PBA Tour titles (including one major) and 25 PBA Regional titles, he is perhaps best known for rolling a nationally-televised 100 game at the 2011 PBA Tournament of Champions, the lowest score ever bowled in a televised PBA event.

Nicknamed "Rebel" and "Tampa Tom", Daugherty has accumulated 21 career 300 games in PBA events. He is a pro staff member for Hammer bowling balls, Dexter shoes, and Turbo Inserts.

PBA Tournament of Champions
The PBA Tournament of Champions is one of the five major PBA (Professional Bowlers Association) bowling events. It is an invitational event and the only PBA Tour major that does not have any open field. All participants must meet qualifications to be invited.
Raid of Ruthven
The Raid of Ruthven, the kidnapping of King James VI of Scotland, was a political conspiracy in Scotland which took place on 23 August 1582. It was composed of several Presbyterian nobles, led by William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie, who abducted the king. The nobles intended to reform the government of Scotland and limit the influence of French and pro-Catholic policy, and to prevent or manage the return of Mary, Queen of Scots from England to rule with her son in an "association". Their short-lived rule of around 10 months is known as the "Ruthven" or "Gowrie Regime".

Dumbarton Castle
Dumbarton Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatainn, pronounced [t̪unˈpɾʲɛʰt̪ɪɲ]; Welsh: Alt Clut) has the longest recorded history of any stronghold in Scotland. It sits on a volcanic plug of basalt known as Dumbarton Rock which is 240 feet (73 m) high and overlooks the Scottish town of Dumbarton.
Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.

DigiListan
DigiListan is a Swedish radio programme in SR P3 airing the top singles sold electronically to computers, mobile phones and other kinds of media players in Sweden (downloaded music). The statistics are created using Nielsen SoundScan.

The programme was first aired in January 2007. In January 2020, DigiListan took a break for an indefinite period due to suspected fraudulent listening activity. However, the break lasted only one week.
Gallows Point
Gallows Point (64°20′S 62°59′W﻿ / ﻿64.333°S 62.983°W﻿ / -64.333; -62.983) is the northernmost of two low, parallel points which mark the extremity of Gamma Island in the Melchior Islands, Palmer Archipelago. The name was probably given by Discovery Investigations personnel who roughly surveyed the point in 1927. The point was resurveyed by Argentine expeditions in 1942, 1943 and 1948.

Gamma Island
Gamma Island is an island, 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) long, which marks the southwestern extremity of the Melchior Islands in the Palmer Archipelago. This island was first roughly charted and named "Ile Gouts" by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, but that name has not survived in usage. The current name, derived from gamma, the third letter of the Greek alphabet, was probably given by Discovery Investigations personnel who roughly surveyed the island in 1927. The island was also surveyed by Argentine expeditions in 1942, 1943 and 1948. The Argentines call it Isla Observatorio and erected the Melchior Base there in 1947.
Focus (linguistics)
In linguistics, focus (abbreviated FOC) is a grammatical category that conveys the part of the sentence that contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive information. In the English sentence "Mary only insulted BILL", focus is expressed prosodically by a pitch accent on "Bill", which identifies him as the only person whom Mary insulted. By contrast, in the sentence "Mary only INSULTED Bill", the verb "insult" is focused and thus expresses that Mary performed no other actions towards Bill. Focus is a cross-linguistic phenomenon and a major field of study in linguistics. Research on focus spans numerous subfields including phonetics, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics.

Pitch accent (intonation)
Pitch accent is a term used in autosegmental-metrical theory for local intonational features that are associated with particular syllables.  Within this framework, pitch accents are distinguished from both the abstract metrical stress and the acoustic stress of a syllable.  Different languages specify different relationships between pitch accent and stress placement.