hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States Military Standard
A United States defense standard, often called a military standard, "MIL-STD", "MIL-SPEC", or (informally) "MilSpecs", is used to help achieve standardization objectives by the United States Department of Defense.

Standardization is beneficial in achieving interoperability, ensuring products meet certain requirements, commonality, reliability, total cost of ownership, compatibility with logistics systems, and similar defense-related objectives.

Defense standards are also used by other non-defense government organizations, technical organizations, and industry. This article discusses definitions, history, and usage of defense standards. Related documents, such as defense handbooks and defense specifications, are also addressed.

Joint Electronics Type Designation System
The Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), which was previously known as the Joint Army-Navy Nomenclature System (AN System. JAN) and the Joint Communications-Electronics Nomenclature System, is a method developed by the U.S. War Department during World War II for assigning an unclassified designator to electronic equipment. In 1957, the JETDS was formalized in MIL-STD-196.

Computer software and commercial unmodified electronics for which the manufacturer maintains design control are not covered.
North Shore Rugby Football Club
The North Shore Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Devonport, New Zealand. The club is a member of the North Harbour Rugby Union. Until 1985, with the creation of the North Harbour union, North Shore was a member of the Auckland Rugby Football Union.

Auckland Rugby Union
The Auckland Rugby Union is a New Zealand provincial rugby union. The union was established in 1883 and was originally responsible for the administration of the sport in most of the former Auckland Province, although its boundaries have since shrunk to include only a portion of the Auckland urban area. The union governs the Auckland representative team, which has won New Zealand's first-tier domestic provincial competition 17 times, more than any other team. Their most recent title was the 2018 Mitre 10 Cup Premiership. The union administers all club rugby within its boundaries, including the Gallaher Shield and other senior club rugby, as well as school rugby. Auckland also acts as a primary feeder to the Blues, who play in the Super Rugby competition.
Activating transcription factor
Activating transcription factor, ATF, is a group of bZIP transcription factors, which act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors. First, they have been described as members of the CREB/ATF family, whereas it turned out later that some of them might be more similar to AP-1-like factors such as c-Jun or c-Fos. In general, ATFs are known to respond to extracellular signals and this suggests an important role that they have in maintaining homeostasis. Some of these ATFs, such as ATF3, ATF4, and ATF6 are known to play a role in stress responses. Another example of ATFs function would be ATFx that can suppress apoptosis.

Genes include ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, ATF7, ATFx.

ATF1
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATF1 gene.

This gene encodes an activating transcription factor, which belongs to the ATF subfamily and bZIP (basic-region leucine zipper) family. It influences cellular physiologic processes by regulating the expression of downstream target genes, which are related to growth, survival, and other cellular activities. This protein is phosphorylated at serine 63 in its kinase-inducible domain by serine/threonine kinases, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I/II, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (cdk-3). Its phosphorylation enhances its transactivation and transcriptional activities, and enhances cell transformation.
Kigongo–Busisi Bridge
The Kigongo–Busisi Bridge, officially the John Pombe Magufuli Bridge, is a road bridge in Tanzania, constructed between December 2019 and December 2024.

The bridge spans 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) across the Gulf of Mwanza, linking the areas of Kigongo in the Mwanza Region and Busisi in the Geita Region, cutting crossing time from thirty-five minutes by ferry to four minutes by automobile. It is reported to be the longest bridge in East Africa and the sixth-longest on the African continent. The bridge forms a part of the Tanzanian Trunk Road T4. As part of this road infrastructure project, a 35-kilometre (22 mi) tarmacked road will be constructed to link the eastern end of the bridge to the city of Mwanza.

Geita Region
Geita Region (Mkoa wa Geita in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 20,054 km2 (7,743 sq mi)."Geita Region Size". The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Slovenia. Geita Region is bordered to the east by Lake Victoria, Mwanza Region and Shinyanga Region. The region is bordered by Tabora Region and Kigoma Region to the south and south west respectively. Lastly, Gieta is borders Kagera Region to the west.

According to national census of 2022, the region had 2,977,608 inhabitants, and ranked among the top 5 regions with high population growth rate. The region's city (capital) is the town of Geita. The region is named after the town of Geita itself. The region is home to Tanzania's largest gold mining industries and was also home to Tanzania's fifth president, the late John Magufuli.
Chen-style tai chi
The Chen-style tai chi (Chinese: 陳氏太极拳; pinyin: Chén shì tàijíquán) is a Northern Chinese martial art and the original form of tai chi. Chen-style is characterized by silk reeling, alternating fast and slow motions, and bursts of power (fa jin).

Traditionally, tai chi is practiced as a martial art but has expanded into other domains of practice such as health or performances. Some argue that Chen-style tai chi has preserved and emphasized the martial efficacy to a greater extent.

Pushing hands
Pushing hands, Push hands or tuishou (alternately spelled tuei shou or tuei sho) is a two-person training routine practiced in internal Chinese martial arts such as baguazhang, xingyiquan, tai chi, and yiquan.  It is also played as an international sport akin to judo, sumo and wrestling, such as in Taiwan, where the biannual Tai Chi World Cup is held.
Worcester Preparatory School
Worcester Preparatory School is an independent coeducational preparatory school in Berlin, Worcester County, Maryland in the United States. The school is divided into a preschool and kindergarten, serving approximately 50 students, a lower school, serving approximately 240 students in grades one to six, and a middle/upper school, serving approximately 320 students in grades seven to twelve.

WPS is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools and the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, and is both a charter member of, and the first independent school in Maryland to be accredited by, the Middle States Commission on Elementary Schools.

Berlin, Maryland
Berlin is a town in Worcester County, Maryland, United States which includes its own historical Berlin Commercial District. As of the 2020 census, Berlin had a population of 5,026. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Paseo del Prado
The Paseo del Prado is one of the main boulevards in Madrid, Spain. It runs north–south between the Plaza de Cibeles and the Plaza del Emperador Carlos V (also known as Plaza de Atocha), with the Plaza de Cánovas del Castillo (the location of the Fuente de Neptuno, and of the Ritz and Palace five-star hotels) lying approximately in the middle. The Paseo del Prado forms the southern end of the city's central axis (which continues to the north of Cibeles as the Paseo de Recoletos, and further north as the Paseo de la Castellana). It enjoys the status of Bien de Interés Cultural (BIC), and as part of a combined UNESCO World Heritage Site with Buen Retiro Park.

Paseo de la Castellana
Paseo de la Castellana, commonly known as La Castellana, is a major thoroughfare in Madrid, Spain. Cutting across the city from south to north, it has been described as the "true structuring axis" of the city.
Carlos Villa
Carlos Villa (December 11, 1936 – March 23, 2013) was a Filipino-American visual artist, curator and faculty member in the Painting Department at the San Francisco Art Institute. His work often explored the meaning of cultural diversity and sought to expand awareness of multicultural issues in the arts.

Sylvia Lark
Sylvia Lark (1947 – December 27, 1990) was an American Seneca visual artist, curator, and educator. She best known as an abstract expressionist painter and printmaker. Lark lived in the San Francisco Bay Area for many years and taught at the University of California, Berkeley.
Chloridea tergemina
Chloridea tergemina is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in South America, including Brazil.

The larvae feed on various solanaceaeous plants.

The species was formerly a member of the genus Heliothis, but was moved to the reinstated genus Chloridea as a result of genetic and morphological research published in 2013.

Heliothis
Heliothis is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae. It was first described by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816. Some of the species have larvae which are agricultural pests on crop species such as tobacco, cotton, soybean and pigeon pea. Some species originally in this genus have been moved to other genera, see Chloridea and Helicoverpa.
Himbo
Himbo, a portmanteau of the English  masculine pronoun him and bimbo, is a slang term for a sexually attractive, hunky, naïve and unintelligent man. The first known use dates back to 1988; the word gained renewed popularity and attention in the 2010s and 2020s. Since its inception, the term and the stereotype it describes have generated a range of commentary and reactions from writers, entertainers, linguists, and cultural analysts.

Age disparity in sexual relationships
In sexual relationships, concepts of age disparity, including what defines an age disparity, have developed over time and vary among societies. Differences in age preferences for mates can stem from partner availability, gender roles, and evolutionary mating strategies, and age preferences in sexual partners may vary cross-culturally. There are also social theories for age differences in relationships as well as suggested reasons for "alternative" age-hypogamous relationships (see more at Hypergamy). Age-disparate relationships have been documented for most of recorded history and have been regarded with a wide range of attitudes dependent on sociocultural norms and legal systems.
Bat Yam–Komemiyut railway station
Bat Yam–Komemiyut railway station is a railway station on the Rosh HaAyin–Beersheba line in Israel. It is located at the Komemiyut interchange of the Ayalon Highway, on the border between Bat Yam and Holon.

Bat Yam
32°01′N 34°45′E﻿ / ﻿32.017°N 34.750°E﻿ / 32.017; 34.750

Bat Yam (Hebrew: בת ים (audio)ⓘ) is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, on the Central Coastal Plain just south of Tel Aviv. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area. In 2023, it had a population of 131,099.
Amorim Energia
Amorim Energia BV is a Portuguese company based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Amorim Energia BV operates as a subsidiary of Amorim Investimentos e Participações, holding of the Amorim Group.

The Portuguese investor Americo Amorim controls, directly or indirectly, 55% of Amorim Energia, the other 45% is owned by the offshore holding Esperanza, owned by the Angolan state oil company Sonangol and the investor Isabel dos Santos. Sindika Dokolo, husband of Miss dos Santos is member of the board.

Amorim Energia holds 33.34% of the share capital of Galp Energia, Portugal's only oil and gas operator.

Sonangol Group
Group Sonangol (Portuguese: Grupo Sonangol) is a parastatal that formerly oversaw petroleum and natural gas production in Angola. The group consisted of Sonangol E.P. (Portuguese: Sociedade Nacional de Combustíveis de Angola, E.P.) and its many subsidiaries. The subsidiaries generally had Sonangol E.P. as a primary client, along with other corporate, commercial, and individual clients. In 2023, Sonangol produced 202,000 barrels of oil with an income of US$ 10.9 billion.
HMS Undine (N48)
HMS Undine was a U-class submarine and lead vessel of her class, which is sometimes called the Undine class as a result. The submarine entered service in 1938. Undine performed war patrols during the Second World War and was scuttled after being damaged by German minesweepers off Heligoland on 7 January 1940.

British U-class submarine
The British U-class submarines (officially "War Emergency 1940 and 1941 programmes, short hull") were a class of 49 small submarines built just before and during the Second World War. The class is sometimes known as the Undine class, after the first submarine built. A further development was the British V-class submarine of 1942.

At the start of the Second World War the U class was, with the British S and T-class submarines, the Dutch O 21 class and German Type VII one of the most advanced submarine classes in service.
Imre Kertész
Imre Kertész (Hungarian: [ˈimrɛ ˈkɛrteːs]; 9 November 1929 – 31 March 2016) was a Hungarian author and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature, "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history". He was the first Hungarian to win the Nobel in Literature. His works deal with themes of the Holocaust (he was a survivor of German concentration and death camps), dictatorship, and personal freedom.

Kaddish for an Unborn Child
Kaddish for an Unborn Child (Hungarian: Kaddis a meg nem született gyermekért) is a novel by Imre Kertész, first published in 1990 (ISBN 0-8101-1161-6).

The novel deals with the struggles of a Holocaust survivor after the war, explaining to a friend why he cannot bring a child into a world that could allow such atrocities to happen. The book also deals with the narrator's failed marriage, his unsuccessful literary career, and the concept of his Jewishness.

Kertész won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2002 "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history".
Rancho de los Palos Verdes
Rancho de los Palos Verdes was a 31,629-acre (128.00 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Los Angeles County, California, given in 1846 by Governor Pío Pico to José Loreto and Juan Capistrano Sepulveda. The name means "Ranch of the Green Trees". The grant encompassed the present-day cities of the Palos Verdes Peninsula, as well as portions of  San Pedro, Torrance, Redondo Beach, Compton, Gardena, Lomita, Harbor City, Carson, Dominguez Hills, Wilmington, Los Angeles

Torrance, California
Torrance is a city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States, neighboring Redondo Beach, Rolling Hills Estates, Palos Verdes Estates, and Lomita. The city is part of what is known as the South Bay region. Torrance has a moderate year-round climate with average rainfall of 12 inches (300 mm) per year. Torrance has one and a half miles (2.4 km) of beachfront abutting Santa Monica Bay and 30 parks. It is the birthplace of the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO). The population was 147,067 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 139,576 in 2024.
XII Squadriglia MAS
The XII Squadriglia MAS (lit. '12th Assault Craft Division'; Italian: MAS, an initialism for Mezzi d'Assalto) was a formation of the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) which served on Lake Ladoga as part of the Axis siege of Leningrad during World War II.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
Lhoba people
Lhoba (English translation: Southerners; Chinese: 珞巴族; pinyin: Luòbāzú; Standard Tibetan: ལྷོ་པ།) is any of a diverse amalgamation of Sino-Tibetan-speaking tribespeople living in and around Pemako, a region in southeastern Tibet including Mainling, Medog and Zayü counties of Nyingchi and Lhünzê County of Shannan, Tibet.

In 1965 the Chinese government officially recognised Lhoba as one of the 56 ethnic groups in China. Lhobas are one of the smallest ethnic minority groups in China. Numbering 4,237 people, they make up about 0.1% of the population of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Abotani
Abotani or Abu Tani is considered the progenitor of the Tani tribes of the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India.  Abotani are located in Tibet and Arunachal Pradesh. In China, Abotani tribes are recognized as part of Lhoba ethnic group. The Apatani, Mising, Adi, Galos, Tagin and Nyishi are the subtribes of Abotanis. They follow the Donyi-Polo religion and credit Abotani with the technique of rice cultivation.
Pieria (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Pieria (/ˌpaɪˈɪəriə/; Ancient Greek: Πιερία) was one of the multiple wives of King Danaus of Libya. By the latter, she bore six princesses: Actaea, Podarce, Dioxippe, Adite, Ocypete and Pylarge. These Danaides married their cousins, sons of King Aegyptus of Egypt and Gorgo. Later on, these women slayed their husbands on their first wedding night under the command of their father. The legendary punishment for them was to try to fill up a hollow tank in Tartarus.

According to Hippostratus, Danaus had all of his progeny by a single woman, Europe, daughter of the river-god Nilus. In some accounts, he married his cousin Melia, daughter of Agenor, king of Tyre.

Gorgo (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Gorgo (Ancient Greek: Γοργώ, romanized: Gorgṓ) can refer to the following individuals:

Gorgo, one of the multiple women of Aegyptus, king of Egypt. By the latter, she became the mother of six princes: Periphas, Oeneus, Aegyptus, Menalces, Lampus and Idmon. Her sons were wed and slayed by their cousin-wives, daughters of King Danaus of Libya and Pieria during their wedding night. According to Hippostratus, Aegyptus had his progeny by a single woman called Eurryroe, daughter of the river-god Nilus. In some accounts, he consorted with his cousin Isaia, daughter of Agenor, king of Tyre.

Gorgo, a Cretan woman, wooed by many men, among them her kinsman Asander, who had lost all his wealth. During his funeral she looked out of the window to get a glimpse, and was turned into stone, paralleling the Cypriot myths of Arsinoë and Anaxarete.
Schwedt
Schwedt (or Schwedt/Oder; German: [ˈʃveːt] ⓘ) is a town in Brandenburg, in northeastern Germany. With the official status of a Große kreisangehörige Stadt (major district town), it is the largest town of the Uckermark district, located near the river Oder, which forms the border with Poland.

Gartz
Gartz (German pronunciation: [ɡaʁts] ⓘ) is a border town in the Uckermark district in Brandenburg, in north-eastern Germany. It is located on the West bank of the Oder River, on the border with Poland, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Szczecin, Poland. It is located within the historic region of Western Pomerania.
N-Butylamine
n-Butylamine is an organic compound (specifically, an amine) with the formula CH3(CH2)3NH2. This colourless liquid is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, and isobutylamine. It is a liquid having the fishy, ammonia-like odor common to amines.  The liquid acquires a yellow color upon storage in air.  It is soluble in all organic solvents. Its vapours are heavier than air and it produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Tert-Butylamine
tert-Butylamine (also erbumine and other names) is an organic chemical compound with the formula (CH3)3CNH2.  It is a colorless liquid with a typical amine-like odor.  tert-Butylamine is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being n-butylamine, sec-butylamine and isobutylamine.
Newburgh Enlarged City School District
The Newburgh Enlarged City School District (NECSD) is a public school district located in Newburgh, New York. It encompasses all of the City of Newburgh, most of the towns of Newburgh and New Windsor, and small sections of the towns of Cornwall and Walkill. The enrollment is 12,791 students in 13 schools in grades K-12.

In addition to Newburgh, it includes the following census-designated places: Balmville, Gardnertown, and Vails Gate, as well as most of the New Windsor CDP and portions of the Orange Lake CDP.

It is a separate governmental body from the city government of Newburgh, and as such the city government does not have power over the school district.

Gardnertown, New York
Gardnertown is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 4,542 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Gardnertown is located within the town of Newburgh, and is approximately two  miles northwest of the city of Newburgh, a completely separate municipality. It takes its name from Silas Gardner, an early settler whose stone house, a Registered Historic Place, remains in use as a private residence on Route 300 just north of Route 52.

Gardnertown is the geographic center of the Town of Newburgh.  Accordingly, most of the governmental buildings, including the Town Hall, the Police Department, and the Code Compliance (Old Town Hall) building, are all located in Gardnertown. The Town Justice Court is located about a mile and a half to the north.
Skidmore Fountain
The Skidmore Fountain is a historic fountain in Portland, Oregon, United States.

The fountain is a contributing property of and the namesake for the Skidmore/Old Town Historic District, which is also a National Historic Landmark.

The fountain has also been designated a Portland Historic Landmark and underwent restoration in 2005. It is named for Stephen G. Skidmore.

Old Town Chinatown
Old Town Chinatown is the official Chinatown of the northwest section of Portland, Oregon, United States. The Willamette River forms its eastern boundary, separating it from the Lloyd District and the Kerns and Buckman neighborhoods. It includes the Portland Skidmore/Old Town Historic District and the Portland New Chinatown/Japantown Historic District, which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It has been referred to as the "skid row" of Portland.