hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manuel Chrysoloras
Manuel (or Emmanuel) Chrysoloras (Greek: Μανουὴλ Χρυσολωρᾶς; c. 1350 – 15 April 1415) was a Byzantine Greek classical scholar, humanist, philosopher, professor, and translator of ancient Greek texts during the Renaissance. Serving as the ambassador for the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos in medieval Italy, he became a renowned teacher of Greek literature and history in the republics of Florence and Venice, and today he's widely regarded as a pioneer in the introduction of ancient Greek literature to Western Europe during the Late Middle Ages.

Coluccio Salutati
Coluccio Salutati (16 February 1331 – 4 May 1406) was an Italian Renaissance humanist and notary, and one of the most important political and cultural leaders of Renaissance Florence; as chancellor of the Florentine Republic and its most prominent voice, he was effectively the permanent secretary of state in the generation before the rise of the powerful Medici family.
Polwarth, Edinburgh
Polwarth is a mainly residential area of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is bounded by Bruntsfield and Merchiston to the east and south, Gorgie and Dalry to the north, Fountainbridge to the north and east, and Craiglockhart to the west.

The Union Canal flows through Polwarth on its way from Edinburgh to Falkirk.

Although within the boundary of Merchiston Community Council, Harrison Park – on the north bank of the canal – is commonly taken to be part of Polwarth. Behind the tenements at the north of the park runs a footpath which was formerly track bed for the main line of the Caledonian Railway en route to the now-closed Princes Street railway station in the centre of the city. There was once a Merchiston Station on this line near the park.

Craiglockhart
Craiglockhart (/kreɪɡˈlɒkərt/; Scottish Gaelic: Creag Longairt) is a suburb in the south west of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying between Colinton to the south, Morningside to the east Merchiston to the north east, and Longstone and Kingsknowe to the west. The Water of Leith is also to the west.
Madsen machine gun
The Madsen is a light machine gun that Julius A. Rasmussen and Theodor Schouboe designed and proposed for adoption by Colonel Vilhelm Herman Oluf Madsen, the Danish Minister of War, and that the Royal Danish Army adopted in 1902. It was the world's first true light machine gun produced in quantity and Madsen was able to sell it in 12 calibres to over 34 countries. The gun saw extensive combat usage for over 100 years, with continued use in limited quantities worldwide into the 2010s. The Madsen was produced by Compagnie Madsen A/S (later operating as Dansk Rekyl Riffel Syndikat A/S and then Dansk Industri Syndikat A/S).

7.65×53mm Argentine
The 7.65×53mm Argentine (designated as the 7,65 × 53 Arg. by the C.I.P.) is a first-generation smokeless powder rimless bottlenecked centerfire rifle cartridge developed for use in the Mauser Model 1889 rifle by Paul Mauser of the Mauser company. It is also known as 7.65×53mm Argentine rimless, 7.65mm Argentine, 7.65×53mm Belgian Mauser, 7.65mm Belgian (in the United States), and 7.65×53mm Mauser (in Belgium).
John Paterson (Cape politician)
John ("Jock") Paterson (1822 – 1880) was a prominent politician and successful businessman of the Cape Colony, and had a great influence on the development of Port Elizabeth where he was based. He ran newspapers, established the Grey Institute and played a significant role in founding South Africa's Standard Bank.

Robert Godlonton
Robert Godlonton (1794–1884) ("Moral Bob") was an influential politician of the Cape Colony. He was an 1820 Settler, who developed the press of the Eastern Cape and led the Eastern Cape separatist movement as a representative in the Cape's Legislative Council.
Rock of Israel
The Rock of Israel (Hebrew: צור ישראל, Tzur Yisrael) is a concept in Judaism that alludes to God, and in Zionism and politics, to the cultural and historical heritage of the Jewish people and the foundation of the State of Israel. The term was used in the Israeli Declaration of Independence as a compromise between religious Jews and secular Jews.

Israeli Declaration of Independence
The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (Hebrew: הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708), at the end of the civil war phase and beginning of the Arab–Israeli War of the 1948 Palestine war, by David Ben-Gurion, the executive head of the World Zionist Organization and chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine.

It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine (or the Land of Israel in the Jewish tradition), to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. While celebrated in Israel as Independence Day, a national holiday on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar, Palestinians view the day as the start of Nakba, or "catastrophe", marking the mass displacements of Palestinians and the loss of homes and lands, and commemorate it annually on 15 May as Nakba Day.
Borgo San Martino
Borgo San Martino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Alessandria.

Borgo San Martino borders the following municipalities: Casale Monferrato, Frassineto Po, Occimiano, Pomaro Monferrato, and Ticineto.

Pomaro Monferrato
Pomaro Monferrato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Alessandria.

Pomaro Monferrato borders the following municipalities: Borgo San Martino, Bozzole, Giarole, Occimiano, Ticineto, Valenza, and Valmacca.
Cheomseongdae
Cheomseongdae (Korean: 첨성대; Hanja: 瞻星臺; lit. star-gazing tower) is an astronomical observatory in Gyeongju, South Korea. Cheomseongdae is the oldest surviving astronomical observatory in Asia, and possibly even the world. It was constructed during the Silla period, during the reign of Queen Seondeok (r. 632–647 AD). Cheomseongdae was designated as the country's 31st national treasure on December 20, 1962. It is part of Gyeongju Historic Areas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Gyeongju Historic Areas
Gyeongju Historic Areas (Korean: 경주 역사유적 지구) is a World Heritage Site in Gyeongju, South Korea that was designated by UNESCO in 2000. The protected areas encompass the ruins of temples and palaces, outdoor pagodas and statuary, and other cultural artifacts left by the Koreanic kingdom Silla (57 BC – 935 AD).
Walter of Rosières
Walter of Rosières (French: Gauthier de Rosières) was a French knight who participated in the Fourth Crusade and became the first lord of the Barony of Akova in the Frankish Principality of Achaea. The Chronicle of Morea credits Walter with the construction of the fortress of Akova or Mattegrifon. He died childless, ca. 1273.

Barony of Akova
The Barony of Akova was a medieval Frankish fiefdom of the Principality of Achaea, located in the mountains of eastern Elis in the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, centred on the fortress of Akova or Mattegrifon (situated near Vyziki in the Tropaia municipal unit). It was among the twelve original baronies of Achaea, but was conquered by the Byzantines in 1320.
Loyalhanna, Pennsylvania
Loyalhanna is a census-designated place (CDP) in Derry Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,415 at the 2000 census, at which time it was listed as McChesneytown-Loyalhanna. The CDP name was changed to  Loyalhanna for the 2010 census. As of the 2020 census the population was 3,409 residents.

It is separate and apart from Loyalhanna Township, which is also in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. The community described in this article has its own U.S. post office, established in 1890, and its own zip code, 15661.

Derry Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Derry Township is a township in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. It surrounds the borough of Derry, which is a separate municipality. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 13,631.

It was named after the city of Derry by Scots-Irish settlers.
Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages
The Trans-Fly–Bulaka River aka South-Central Papuan languages form a hypothetical family of Papuan languages. They include many of the languages west of the Fly River in southern Papua New Guinea into southern Indonesian West Papua, plus a pair of languages on the Bulaka River a hundred km further west.

The family was posited by Stephen Wurm as a branch of his 1975 Trans–New Guinea proposal. Wurm thought it likely that many of these languages would prove not to belong to Trans–New Guinea, but rather to have been heavily influenced by Trans–New Guinea languages. Malcolm Ross (2005) concurred, and removed most of them.

Pahoturi languages
The Pahoturi River languages are a small family of Papuan languages spoken around the Pahoturi (Paho River). This family includes eight language varieties including Agöb (Dabu), Em, Ende, Idan, Idi, Idzuwe, Kawam, and Taeme, which are spoken in the Pahoturi River area south of the Fly River, just west of the Eastern Trans-Fly languages. Idzuwe is no longer spoken. Ross (2005) tentatively includes them in the proposed Trans-Fly – Bulaka River family, though more recent work has classified Pahoturi River as an independent family within the region.

Some Pahoturi River speakers were originally hunter-gatherers, but have recently shifted to becoming gardeners.: 649
Evraz
EVRAZ plc (Russian: Евраз) is a UK-incorporated multinational steel manufacturing and mining company part-owned by Russian oligarchs. It has operations mainly in Russia as well as the USA, Canada, and Kazakhstan.

Its listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) has been suspended since March 2022 because of sanctions over the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As of November 2025 the shares remained suspended.

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
Schreier coset graph
In the area of mathematics called combinatorial group theory, the Schreier coset graph is a graph associated with a group G, a generating set of G, and a subgroup of G. The Schreier graph encodes the abstract structure of the group modulo an equivalence relation formed by the cosets of the subgroup.

The graph is named after Otto Schreier, who used the term "Nebengruppenbild". An equivalent definition was made in an early paper of Todd and Coxeter.

Otto Schreier
Otto Schreier (3 March 1901 in Vienna, Austria – 2 June 1929 in Hamburg, Germany) was a Jewish-Austrian mathematician who made major contributions in combinatorial group theory and in the topology of Lie groups.
Ardore
Ardore (Calabrian: Ardùri; Ancient Greek: Άρδωρ, romanized: Ardor) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,822 and an area of 32.7 square kilometres (12.6 sq mi).

Ardore borders the following municipalities: Benestare, Bovalino, Ciminà, Platì, Sant'Ilario dello Ionio.

Bovalino
Bovalino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 46 kilometres (29 mi) east of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 8,406 and an area of 18.0 square kilometres (6.9 sq mi).

The municipality of Bovalino contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bosco S. Ippolito (Greek: Aghios Ippolytos), Belloro, Russellina, Bricà, S. Nicola, Pozzo, Bovalino Superiore, Biviera, Rosa, and Cipparello.

Bovalino borders the following municipalities: Ardore, Benestare, Casignana, San Luca.

Bovalino was also the birthplace of the Blessed Camillus Costanzo.
Siu Sai Wan Extension
Siu Sai Wan Extension (Chinese: 小西灣綫) was a proposed extension of the Island line to Siu Sai Wan on the eastern end of the Hong Kong Island. A plan was revealed in 2001 after many calls from the Eastern District Board (later District Council) since 1991. Although the population size in Siu Sai Wan is large enough to support a station, the plan was later shelved, despite continued calls from the Eastern District Council.

Siu Sai Wan
Siu Sai Wan (Chinese: 小西灣) is a residential area in the northeastern part of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is located in the eastern part of Chai Wan, and is administratively under the Eastern District. The population was 59,729 in June 2011.
Y2K aesthetic
Y2K is an Internet aesthetic based around products, styles, and fashion of the late 1990s and early 2000s. These styles succeeded the Memphis Design aesthetic of the mid-1980s to mid-1990s. The name Y2K is derived from an abbreviation coined by programmer David Eddy for the year 2000 and its potential computer errors. The Y2K aesthetic can include synthetic or metallic materials, inflatable furniture, and computer interfaces of the dotcom era.

As the Y2K term gained more mainstream usage in the 2020s, it began to be used more broadly to encompass 2000s fashion aesthetics, with the term Cybercore being occasionally used as a synonym for the original retrofuturistic aesthetic.

Retrofuturism
Retrofuturism (adjective retrofuturistic, retrofuturist, or retrofuture) is a movement in the creative arts emphasizing and harking back to depictions of the future as produced in earlier eras. If futurism is an artistic movement anticipating upcoming technological advancements, retrofuturism is the remembering of that anticipation. Characterized by a blend of old-fashioned "retro styles" with futuristic technology, retrofuturism explores the themes of tension between past and future, and between the alienating and empowering effects of technology. Primarily reflected in artistic creations and modified technologies that realize the imagined artifacts of its parallel reality, retrofuturism can be seen as "an animating perspective on the world".

Retrofuturism became especially prevalent in the early 2020s in terms of culture, transport, architecture, and entertainment.
Michael Kelly (tenor)
Michael Kelly (25 December 1762 – 9 October 1826) was an Irish tenor, composer and theatrical manager who made an international career of importance in musical history. One of the leading figures in British musical theatre around the turn of the nineteenth century, he was a close associate of playwright and poet Richard Brinsley Sheridan. He also became friends with musicians such as Mozart, Storace, and Paisiello, and created roles for the operas of all three composers. With his friend and fellow singer Nancy Storace, he was one of the first tenors of that era from Britain and Ireland to become famous in Italy and Austria. In Italy he was also known as O'Kelly or even Signor Ochelli. Although the primary source for his life is his Reminiscences, doubt has been cast on the reliability of his own account, and it has been said that '[a]ny statement of Kelly's is immediately suspect.'

Francesco Benucci
Francesco Benucci (c. 1745 – 5 April 1824) was an Italian bass singer of the 18th century. He sang a number of important roles in the operas of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Antonio Salieri and other composers.
Boulter's Island
Boulter's Island is an island in the River Thames at Boulter's Lock, in the north-east suburbs of Maidenhead, Berkshire.  It is next to the Maidenhead (west) bank, separated by the lock cut. 
Boulter's Island is accessible by motor vehicle via Boulter's Bridge across the tail of Boulter's Lock. The island has a number of private houses, a restaurant and a small boatyard with a slipway.

Ray Mill Island lies alongside to the east and is a public park, separated from Boulter's Island by the Ray Mill Stream.

Richard Dimbleby, the BBC broadcaster, lived for many years in a house on Boulter's Island.

Boulter's Lock
Boulter's Lock is a lock and weir on the River Thames in England north-east of Maidenhead town centre, Berkshire. The present 1912-built lock replaces those at this point of the river to the immediate east dating from the late 16th century and that of 1772 built by the Thames Navigation Commission. The lock is on the western side of the north–south flowing reach between the A4094 Maidenhead to Cookham road and Ray Mill Island. The name is variably used for the immediate surrounding area.

The weir is some way upstream of the lock, at the northern end of Ray Mill Island. It is one of the most popular whitewater freestyle kayaking areas on the River Thames, as it has been modified to allow kayakers to use it without causing disruption to other river users.
Tempted (Cast novel)
Tempted is the sixth volume of the House of Night fantasy book series, written by American P.C. Cast and Kristin Cast. It was published in October 27, 2009 by St. Martin's Press, an extension of Macmillan Publishers. By February 2010, according to Publishers Weekly, it had already sold 1.1 million copies. The book has been translated in more than 20 different languages.

P. C. Cast
Phyllis Christine Cast (born April 30, 1960) is an American romance/fantasy author, known for the   House of Night series she writes and her daughter Kristin Cast edits, as well as her own Goddess Summoning and Partholon book series.
Touring and Automobile Club of Colombia
The Touring & Automovil Club de Colombia, or simply ACC, is a nonprofit organization located throughout the territory Colombia, which gives assistance the traveler, mechanic, support motorsport and provides related car services.
It was founded on October 10 of 1940, is part of the FIA International Automobile Federation, AIT International Tourism Alliance FIVA International Federation of older vehicles.

Alliance Internationale de Tourisme
Alliance Internationale de Tourisme (AIT) is an international federation of motoring organisations created to "represent the interests of national automobile associations and touring clubs". It was founded at the Casino Bourgeois in Luxembourg City on 4 August 1898 as the Ligue Internationale des Associations Touristes (LIAT) but changed its name to the Alliance Internationale de Tourisme (AIT) on 30 May 1919.

Membership of the Alliance is limited to organisations active in the field of tourism, mobility, motoring and/or open air activities, and not open to individuals. According to the AIT website, the organisation claims 140 members in 101 countries.
Short-eared owl
The short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) is a widespread grassland species in the family Strigidae. Owls belonging to genus Asio are known as the eared owls, as they have tufts of feathers resembling mammalian ears. These "ear" tufts may or may not be visible. The short-eared owl will display its tufts when in a defensive pose, although its very short tufts are usually not visible. The short-eared owl is found in open country and grasslands.

Vole
Voles are small rodents that are relatives of lemmings and hamsters, but with a stouter body; a longer, hairy tail; a slightly rounder head; smaller eyes and ears; and differently formed molars (high-crowned with angular cusps instead of low-crowned with rounded cusps). They are sometimes known as meadow mice or field mice.

Vole species form the subfamily Arvicolinae with the lemmings and the muskrats. There are approximately 155 different vole species.
Kamen Rider Blade: Missing Ace
Kamen Rider Blade the Movie: Missing Ace (劇場版 仮面ライダー剣 MISSING ACE, Gekijōban Kamen Raidā Bureido Misshingu Ēsu) is the theatrical superhero film adaptation of the Japanese 2004 Kamen Rider series, Kamen Rider Blade, directed by Hidenori Ishida and Katsuya Watanabe and written by Toshiki Inoue.

The film is produced by Ishimori Productions and Toei, the producers of all the previous television series and films of the Kamen Rider series. Following the tradition of all Heisei Kamen Rider movies, it is a double bill with the movie for 2004's Super Sentai series Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger, Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger The Movie: Full Blast Action, both of which premiered on September 11, 2004. The film's title is translated into English as Masked Rider Blade The Movie: Missing Ace.

The Director's Cut was released on DVD on May 21, 2005, and peaked at number 13 in the weekly Oricon chart, remaining in the list for 5 weeks. A Blu-Ray reissue of the movie was released on June 13, 2010.

Kamen Rider Blade
Kamen Rider Blade (仮面ライダー剣(ブレイド), Kamen Raidā Bureido) is a Japanese tokusatsu superhero television series. It is the fourteenth installment in the Kamen Rider Series. It aired on TV Asahi from January 25, 2004 to January 23, 2005. It is a joint collaboration between Ishimori Productions and Toei. Along with the standard insect motif of the Kamen Rider series, Kamen Rider Blade also uses a playing card motif. Each Rider is assigned one of the suits from a deck of cards. It aired as a part of TV Asahi's 2004 Super Hero Time block with Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger and Ojamajo Doremi Na-i-sho.

Blade was later released on DVD by Toei. There were twelve volumes released with the first eleven having four episodes per DVD and the twelfth volume with five episodes.
Sheepy
Sheepy is a civil parish in the Borough of Hinckley and Bosworth in Leicestershire, England.  It contains the villages of Sheepy Magna, Sheepy Parva, Sibson, Wellsborough, Upton, Pinwall and Cross Hands—collectively 449 homes.  At the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 1,192, including Orton on the Hill but falling slightly to 1,174 at the 2011 census.

Upton, Leicestershire
Upton, is a small hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Sheepy, in the Hinckley and Bosworth district of Leicestershire, England. It is on the Leicestershire and Warwickshire border west of Shenton and south-east of Sibson. In 1931 the parish had a population of 104.

The local area is predominantly agricultural. Upton is a ribbon development with a mixture of Georgian, Victorian and more modern properties along Main Road. There is a caravan park and restaurant both operated by Upton Barn. The hamlet has one post box.

Administratively, Upton falls under Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council and Leicestershire County Council