hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USNS General H. H. Arnold
USNS General H. H. Arnold (T-AGM-9) (originally named USS General R. E. Callan (AP-139)) was a General G. O. Squier-class transport ship for the U.S. Navy in World War II. She was named in honor of U.S. Army general Robert Emmet Callan. She was transferred to the U.S. Army as USAT General R. E. Callan in 1946. On 28 April 1950 she was transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) as USNS General R. E. Callan (T-AP-139). Placed in reserve in 1958, she was transferred to the U.S. Air Force in 1961 and renamed USAFS General H. H. Arnold in 1963, in honor of Henry H. Arnold, the first and only General of the Air Force. She was reacquired by the Navy in 1964 as USNS General H. H. Arnold (T-AGM-9). She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 March 1982.

Tracking ship
A tracking ship, also called a missile range instrumentation ship or range ship, is a ship equipped with antennas and electronics to support the launching and tracking of missiles and rockets. Since many missile ranges launch over ocean areas for safety reasons, range ships are used to extend the range of shore-based tracking facilities.

In the United States, the initial tracking ships were constructed by the U.S. Army and then the U.S. Air Force to support their missile programs. They were generally built on a surplus Liberty ship or Victory ship hull. By 1964, the U.S. Navy took over all the range ships and introduced more.

In some Navies, such a ship is also given the Type Designation "Vigilship" or "Veladora", with the Designation Letter "V" or Letters "VC".
Southern Africans in the United States
Southern Africans in the United States are Americans with ancestry from Southern Africa. They include:

Angolan Americans

Basotho Americans

Botswanan Americans

Comorian Americans

Malagasy Americans

Malawian Americans

Mozambican Americans

Namibian Americans

Seychellois Americans

South African Americans

Swazi Americans

Tanzanian Americans

Zambian Americans

Zimbabwean Americans

South African Americans
South African Americans are Americans who have full or partial ancestry from South Africa. In 2021, there were approximately 123,461 people born in South Africa who were living in the United States. There are large populations in Southern California, especially in Orange County and San Diego County, and the Miami, Florida area.
Daniel Köllerer
Daniel Köllerer (German pronunciation: [ˈdaːni̯eːl ˈkœləʁɐ, -ni̯ɛl -]; born 17 August 1983) is a former professional tennis player from Austria who turned professional in 2002 and was given a lifetime ban in 2011 for match fixing.

Stefan Koubek
Stefan Koubek (born 2 January 1977) is a retired tennis player from Austria. Koubek played left-handed with a double-handed backhand. His idol when growing up was Thomas Muster. Koubek won three titles, two of which came on hardcourts; despite this, he said his favorite surface was clay.

Koubek reached the quarterfinals of the 2002 Australian Open and the 2002 Hamburg Masters, attaining a career-high singles ranking of World No. 20 in March 2000. Koubek tested positive for glucocorticosteroids at the 2004 French Open after receiving an injection for an injured wrist; he was subsequently suspended for three months.

His nickname is Cooley or Stef.
2021 Formula One Esports Series
The 2021 Formula One Esports Series was the fifth season of the Formula One Esports Series. It started on 13 October 2021, and ended on 16 December 2021. It was held in Formula One's official 2021 game. Same as the previous year, the championship was held online due to COVID-19 pandemic and streamed on the official F1 YouTube Channel.

Jarno Opmeer and Red Bull Racing Esports entered the season as the reigning champion, having won the Drivers' and Team's Championship title respectively in 2020. Jarno Opmeer successfully defended the Drivers' Championship title for the second consecutive year, while his new team, Mercedes-AMG Petronas Esports Team secured the Teams' Championship title for the first time since 2018.

Formula One Esports Series
The FIA Formula One Esports Series is a professional esports programme promoted by Formula 1. The programme was created in 2017 to involve the official Formula 1 video game and its community of players, providing a new avenue for greater engagement with the sport of Formula 1. In 2018, the official Formula 1 teams joined the programme for the first time to set up their own esports teams to compete in the Formula 1 Esports Series championship.
Squall
A squall is a sudden, sharp increase in wind speed lasting minutes, as opposed to a wind gust, which lasts for only seconds. They are usually associated with active weather, such as rain showers, thunderstorms, or heavy snow. Squalls refer to the increase of the sustained winds over that time interval, as there may be higher gusts during a squall event. They usually occur in a region of strong sinking air or cooling in the mid-atmosphere. These force strong localized upward motions at the leading edge of the region of cooling, which then enhances local downward motions just in its wake.

Squall line
A squall line, or quasi-linear convective system (QLCS), is a line of thunderstorms, often forming along or ahead of a cold front. In the early 20th century, the term was used as a synonym for cold front (which often are accompanied by abrupt and gusty wind shifts). Linear thunderstorm structures often contain heavy precipitation, hail, frequent lightning, strong straight-line winds, and occasionally tornadoes or waterspouts. Particularly strong straight-line winds can occur where the linear structure forms into the shape of a bow echo. Tornadoes can occur along waves within a line echo wave pattern (LEWP), where mesoscale low-pressure areas are present. Some bow echoes can grow to become derechos as they move swiftly across a large area. On the back edge of the rainband associated with mature squall lines, a wake low can be present, on very rare occasions associated with a heat burst.
Athi River (town)
Athi River is a town outside Nairobi, Kenya in Machakos County. The town is named after the Athi River, which passes through. It is also known as Mavoko.

Athi River hosts the Mavoko Municipal Council and is the headquarters of Mavoko division, which is part of Machakos County. The town's population is 81,302 (2019 census), and it is still growing due to its proximity to the Kenyan capital city of Nairobi.

Athi-Galana-Sabaki River
The Athi-Galana-Sabaki River is the second longest river in Kenya (after the Tana River).  It has a total length of 390 kilometres (240 mi), and drains an area of 58,639 square kilometres (22,641 sq mi). The river rises in the Gatamaiyo Forest as the Athi River and enters the Indian Ocean as the Galana River (also known as the Sabaki River).
Faggot (food)
Faggots or savoury ducks are meatballs made from minced off-cuts and offal (especially pork, and traditionally pig's heart, liver and fatty belly meat or bacon) mixed with herbs and sometimes bread crumbs. It is a traditional dish in the United Kingdom, especially South and Mid Wales and the English Midlands.

Faggots originated as a traditional cheap food consumed by country people in Western England, particularly west Wiltshire and the West Midlands. Their popularity spread from there, especially to South Wales in the mid-nineteenth century, when many agricultural workers left the land to work in the rapidly expanding industry and mines of that area.

Meatball
A meatball is ground meat (mince) rolled into a ball, sometimes along with other ingredients, such as bread crumbs, minced onion, eggs, butter, and seasoning. Meatballs are cooked by frying, baking, steaming, or braising in sauce. There are many types of meatballs using different types of meats and spices. The term is sometimes extended to meatless versions based on legumes, vegetables, mushrooms, fish (also commonly known as fish balls) or other seafood.
Salmea
Salmea is a genus of plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

Salmea caleoides Griseb. - Cuba

Salmea eupatoria DC. - Bolivia

Salmea glaberrima C.Wright ex Griseb. - Cuba

Salmea insipida (Jacq.) Bolick & R.K.Jansen - Cuba

Salmea oligocephala Hemsl. - Oaxaca, Chiapas, México State, Michoacán

Salmea orthocephala Standl. & Steyerm. - Guatemala, Honduras, Chiapas

Salmea palmeri S.Watson - Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán

Salmea petrobioides Griseb. - Bahamas

Salmea scandens (L.) DC. - widespread in Mesoamerica, West Indies, + South America

Salmea umbratilis B.L.Rob. - Cuba

formerly included

several species now placed in other genera:  Oblivia Otopappus Trichospira

Heliantheae
The Heliantheae (sometimes called the sunflower tribe) are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is derived from the genus Helianthus, which is Greek for sun flower. Most genera and species are found in North America (particularly in Mexico) and South America.  A few genera are pantropical.

Most Heliantheae are herbs or shrubs, but some grow to the size of small trees.  Leaves are usually hairy and arranged in opposite pairs. The anthers are usually blackened.

The above statements about the size and distribution of the tribe apply to a broad definition of Heliantheae, which was followed throughout the 20th century. Some recent authors break the tribe up into a dozen or so smaller tribes.
Karanikolica
Karanikolica (Macedonian and Serbian Cyrillic: Караниколица, Albanian: Kara Nikolla) is a mountain peak in Kosovo and North Macedonia. The peak is found in the Šar Mountains. It's 2,409 m (7,904 ft) high and is just one of the peaks over 2,000 m (6,562 ft) which is found along the ridge of the Šar Mountains. Two mountain lakes are found under Karanikolica's peak.

42°05′01″N 20°47′39″E﻿ / ﻿42.0836111°N 20.7941667°E﻿ / 42.0836111; 20.7941667﻿ (Kara Nikolla)The first known ski-descent of Karanikolica was on 6 February 2016. The group was led by local mountain guides Kostantin Ciriviri and Jovan Bozinovski, while the rest of the party was made up of two female ski mountaineers from Norway and Slovakia, and a male splitboarder from the United Kingdom.

Šar Mountains
The Šar Mountains (Macedonian: Шар Планина, romanized: Šar Planina; Serbian: Шар-планина / Šar-planina; colloquially also Šara, Cyrillic: Шара) or Sharr Mountains (Albanian: Malet e Sharrit, pronounced [malɛt ɛ ʃarit]) is a mountain range in Southeast Europe, extending into several countries from southern Kosovo, to northwestern North Macedonia, to northeastern Albania. The sections in Kosovo (Sharr Mountains National Park) and North Macedonia (Šar Planina National Park) are national parks. Rugged and barren, the mountains are among the highest in the Balkans, with 30 peaks higher than 2,500 m (8,202 ft).
(5646) 1990 TR
(5646) 1990 TR is a probable rare-type binary asteroid classified as near-Earth object of the Amor group, approximately 2.3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 October 1990, by Japanese astronomers Seiji Ueda and Hiroshi Kaneda at Kushiro Observatory near Kushiro, in eastern Hokkaido, Japan.

Hiroshi Kaneda
Hiroshi Kaneda (金田 宏, Kaneda Hiroshi, born 1953) is a Japanese astronomer and discoverer of minor planets from Sapporo, in the northernmost prefecture of Japan.

Kaneda ranks among the world's most prolific individual discoverers of minor planets. He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the co-discovery of 705 numbered minor planets, between 1987 and 2000, all of them in collaboration with astronomer Seiji Ueda. Along with being an astronomer, Kaneda works as a computer programmer and is a developer of astronomical software.

The main-belt asteroid 4677 Hiroshi, discovered by Atsushi Takahashi and Kazurō Watanabe at Kitami in 1990, is named after him.
Thiers Issard
Thiers Issard or Thiers Issard Sabatier (French pronunciation: [tjɛʁ isaʁ sabatje]) is a French cutlery manufacturer, one of a number of companies using the Sabatier name. It exports a wide range of knives and straight razors to approximately thirty countries. It is viewed as one of the top cutlery firms in Europe.

Along with DOVO Solingen, Thiers Issard is a manufacturer of straight razors in Europe and the rest of the world. It also makes exclusive and very expensive Damascus steel knives. It is located in Thiers, France, and is one of the better known of many cutlery manufacturers in that area. It has also been manufacturing razor blades since 1920. Thiers Issard is popular with US retailers.

Sabatier
Sabatier is the maker's mark used by several kitchen knife manufacturers—by itself it is not a registered brand name. The name Sabatier is considered to imply a high-quality knife produced by one of a number of manufacturers in the Thiers region of central France using a full forging process; the knives of some of these manufacturers are highly regarded. However, the name "Sabatier" came into use before intellectual property laws and is not protected; knives legally bearing the name range from high-quality knives made in France to cheap mass-produced products of poor quality from France and other countries; a registered logo or full name, or both, such as "65 Sabatier Perrier", is necessary to establish origin and quality.
Buxton, Maine
Buxton is a town in York County, Maine, United States. It is part of the Portland metropolitan area. The population was 8,376 at the 2020 census. Buxton includes the villages of Salmon Falls/Tory Hill, Chicopee, Groveville, Bar Mills, West Buxton, and Buxton Center. The old town Common is east of Union Falls, which is the location of Skelton Dam, operated by Central Maine Power, and near historic location of the original settlement at Pleasant Point.

Skelton Dam
The Skelton Dam is an embankment dam on the Saco River between the towns of Buxton and Dayton in York County, Maine. It is located about 7 mi (11 km) northwest of Saco and Biddeford. The dam was completed in 1948 with the primary purpose of hydroelectric power generation. The largest fish lift in Maine was completed on the dam in 2001. The dam and facilities are owned by Brookfield Renewable.
Tillocheles
Tillocheles is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived during the Cretaceous period. Two species are currently placed in the genus. Fossils of the earlier type species, T. shannonae, have been found in Queensland, while remains of the later species, T. kaoriae, are known from Hokkaido.

Stenochiridae
Stenochiridae is a family of fossil decapod crustaceans which lived from the early Jurassic to late Cretaceous periods. It is the only family in the superfamily Stenochiroidea. Fossils of stenochirids are known from Europe, Japan, Chile and Australia.
Nanu Oya (town)
Nanu Oya is a village in Sri Lanka, named after the Nanu Oya river. It is located within Nuwara Eliya District in the Central Province and is situated approximately 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Nuwara Eliya.

Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya (Sinhala: නුවර එළිය [nuwərə ɛlijə]; Tamil: நுவரெலியா [nʉʋəɾɛlɪjɑː]) is a city in the hill country of the Central Province, Sri Lanka. Its name means "city on the plain (table land)" or "city of light". The city is the administrative capital of Nuwara Eliya District, with a picturesque landscape and temperate climate. It is at an altitude of 1,868 m (6,128 ft) and is considered to be the most important location for tea production in Sri Lanka. The city is overlooked by Pidurutalagala, the tallest mountain in Sri Lanka. Nuwara Eliya is known for its temperate, cool climate – the coolest area in Sri Lanka.
Distance matrix
In mathematics, computer science and especially graph theory, a distance matrix is a square matrix (two-dimensional array) containing the distances, taken pairwise, between the elements of a set. Depending upon the application involved, the distance being used to define this matrix may or may not be a metric. If there are N elements, this matrix will have size N×N. In graph-theoretic applications, the elements are more often referred to as points, nodes or vertices.

Adjacency matrix
In graph theory and computer science, an adjacency matrix is a square matrix used to represent a finite graph. The elements of the matrix indicate whether pairs of vertices are adjacent or not within the graph.

In the special case of a finite simple graph, the adjacency matrix is a (0,1)-matrix with zeros on its diagonal. If the graph is undirected (i.e. all of its edges are bidirectional), the adjacency matrix is symmetric. 
The relationship between a graph and the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of its adjacency matrix is studied in spectral graph theory.

The adjacency matrix of a graph should be distinguished from its incidence matrix, a different matrix representation whose elements indicate whether vertex–edge pairs are incident or not, and its degree matrix, which contains information about the degree of each vertex.
Pentium F00F bug
The Pentium F00F bug is a design flaw in the majority of Intel's Pentium, Pentium MMX, and Pentium OverDrive processors (all in the P5 microarchitecture). Discovered in 1997, it can result in the processor ceasing to function until the computer is physically rebooted. The bug has been circumvented through operating system updates.

The name is shorthand for F0 0F C7 C8, the hexadecimal encoding of one offending instruction. More formally, the bug is called the invalid operand with locked CMPXCHG8B instruction bug.

Hardware bug
A hardware bug is a bug in computer hardware.  It is the hardware counterpart of software bug, a defect in software. A bug is different from a glitch which describes an undesirable behavior as more quick, transient and repeated than constant, and different from a quirk which is a behavior that may be considered useful even though not intentionally designed.

Errata, corrections to the documentation, may be published by the manufacturer to describe hardware bugs, and errata is sometimes used as a term for the bugs themselves.
Stactobia
Stactobia is a genus of insects belonging to the family Hydroptilidae.

The species of this genus are found in Eurasia.

Species:

Stactobia algira Vaillant, 1951

Stactobia alpina Bertuetti, Lodovici & Valle, 2004

Hydroptilidae
The Hydroptilidae are a large family of caddisflies (Trichoptera) with a worldwide distribution. They are commonly known as microcaddisflies or purse-case caddisflies, in reference to two characteristic traits of this family: Hydroptilidae are much smaller than other caddisflies, rarely exceeding 5 mm (0.20 in) in length. Their larvae do not build a protective case until the final instar of their growth. At that time however, they build a typically Purse-shaped case, either portable or stuck to the substrate, in which the larva finishes growth and pupates.
Opera window
An opera window is a small fixed window usually behind the rear side window of an automobile, originating with small windows mounted in the fabric of a folding top on horse-drawn carriages. They are typically mounted in an automobile's C-pillar, usually within a padded, vinylled section of the roof as a reference to the original location in a fabric roof. The design feature was popular, mainly with domestic U.S. manufacturers but also seen in Japan, during the 1970s and early 1980s..

The origin was from "opera" vehicles of around 1915 with occasional collapsible seating for extra passengers. The opera window was also a feature on "formal roof" and limousine models with higher than a normal roof to accommodate passengers with top hats.

Vinyl roof
A Vinyl roof is a vinyl covering for an automobile's top.

This covering was originally designed to give the appearance of a convertible to models with a fixed roof, but eventually evolved into a styling statement in its own right. Vinyl roofs were most popular in the North American market, and they are considered one of the period hallmarks of the 1970s domestic cars. Vinyl roofs were also popular on European- (especially UK-) and Japanese-built cars during the 1970s, and tended to be applied to sporting or luxury trim versions of standard saloon (sedan) models.
Wyndham Goold
Wyndham Goold (1812–1854) was a Member of Parliament (MP) for County Limerick from 1850 to 1854.

Goold was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Dublin. He was the son  of Frederick Falkiner Goold, Archdeacon of Raphoe and Caroline  Newcomen, and brother in law of Bishop Hamilton Verschoyle

Frederick Goold
Frederick Falkiner Goold (May 1808 – 1877) was a 19th century Anglican priest in Ireland.

Goold was born in County Limerick on 6 November 1808. He was the youngest son of Thomas Goold, First Serjeant-at-law (Ireland) and  Master in the Court of Chancery (Ireland) and Elizabeth Nixon. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, He was appointed Archdeacon of Raphoe on 13 December 1852; and Private Chaplain to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1858. He died at Bath, Somerset on 29 January 1877.

He married Caroline Newcomen, one of the many natural children of Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen, 2nd Viscount Newcomen, and had six children. His son was an MP; and his son-in-law a bishop.
Stegodyphus mimosarum
Stegodyphus mimosarum, the African social velvet spider, is a species of the genus Stegodyphus, one of the velvet spiders. It is a social species found in South Africa and Madagascar.

Similar to closely related species such as Stegodyphus sarasinorum, S. mimosarum engages in communal living which involves remaining with the same colony even when prey availability is low, moving away in order to expand the nest not due to lack of food.

Stegodyphus sarasinorum
Stegodyphus sarasinorum, also known as the Indian cooperative spider, is a species of velvet spider of the family Eresidae. It is native to India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Myanmar. This spider is a social spider that exhibits communal predation and feeding, where individuals live in large cooperatively built colonies with a nest or retreat constructed of silk woven using leaves, twigs, and food carcasses, and a sheet web for prey capture.

Individual S. sarasinorum spiders that have attacked prey once are more likely to attack prey again, independent of their body size or hunger level. Stegodyphus is the only genus of the family Eresidae that is arboreal, not terrestrial.
Wojciech Łukaszewski
Wojciech Łukaszewski, born 10 March 1936 in Częstochowa – 13 April 1978 in Częstochowa, was a Polish composer, pedagogue, music writer and musical impresario. His father, Antoni Łukaszewski, worked in a legal firm and was a participant in the Third Silesian Uprising. His mother's name was Helena, née Michalska. In 1963, he married Maria Patrzyk, and they had two sons, the composer Paweł Łukaszewski and the musician and author Marcin Łukaszewski.

Marcin Łukaszewski (musician)
Marcin Łukaszewski (20 November 1972, Częstochowa, Poland) is an author,  pianist, music theorist and composer who graduated in 1996 from the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music in Warsaw. With two postgraduate diplomas on contemporary music and music theory from the Warsaw Music Academy, he is also the author of the monograph Wojciech Łukaszewski – życie i twórczość, on the life and work of his father, the composer Wojciech Łukaszewski, published by  WSP Publishing (Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej) in Częstochowa in 1997.
Cozumel crocodile
Cozumel crocodiles, populations of crocodiles living on the island of Cozumel, were originally thought to be populations of American crocodiles. However, it is now believed they may be a separate species. The possibility was first introduced in a 2025 report, although the species has not been formally named.

Cozumel
Cozumel (Spanish pronunciation: [kosuˈmel]; Yucatec Maya: Kùutsmil) is an island and municipality in the Caribbean Sea off the eastern coast of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, opposite Playa del Carmen. It is separated from the mainland by the Cozumel Channel and is close to the Yucatán Channel. The municipality is part of the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico.

In 2023, Cozumel was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.