hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bishop of Grantham
The Bishop of Grantham is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Lincoln, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after the market town of Grantham in Lincolnshire.  The suffragan bishop has particular oversight of the Archdeaconry of Boston.

Nicholas Chamberlain, the present incumbent, was consecrated Bishop of Grantham on 19 November 2015. In 2016, Chamberlain announced he is gay and in a partnership, becoming the first bishop to do so in the Church of England.

Nicholas Chamberlain
Nicholas Alan "Nick" Chamberlain (born 25 November 1963) is a British Anglican bishop. On 19 November 2015, he became the suffragan Bishop of Grantham in the Diocese of Lincoln. He had previously been vicar of the parish of St George and St Hilda, Jesmond, in the Diocese of Newcastle since 2006. Chamberlain is the first openly gay bishop in the Church of England.
Mount Palatine, Illinois
Mount Palatine is an unincorporated community in LaSalle and Putnam counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The community is located about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of McNabb. The town once had shops and a small college, but declined when the Illinois Central chose a location far to the East. Today the cemetery is a prairie nature preserve.

Putnam County, Illinois
Putnam County is the least extensive county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 5,637. The county seat is Hennepin. The county was formed in 1825 out of Fulton County and named after Israel Putnam, who was a general in the American Revolution. Putnam County is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Mount Stanley
Mount Stanley, also known as Mount Ngaliema (/əŋɡɑːˈljeɪmə/, also US: /-mɑː/, UK: /əŋˌɡɑːliˈeɪmə/), is a mountain located in the Rwenzori range. With an elevation of 5,109 m (16,763 ft), it is the highest mountain of both the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda, and the fourth-highest in Africa.

The peak and several other surrounding peaks are high enough to support glaciers. Mount Stanley is named for the colonist Sir Henry Morton Stanley. It is part of the Rwenzori Mountains National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Rwenzori Mountains National Park
Rwenzori Mountains National Park is a Ugandan national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Rwenzori Mountains. Almost 1,000 km2 (386 sq mi) in size, the park has Africa's third highest mountain peak and many waterfalls, lakes, and glaciers. The park is known for its beautiful plant life.
WCC (radio station)
WCC was the busiest coast station in the public ship-to-shore radio service for most of the 20th century. WCC was composed of two stations: the trans-oceanic receiver station (41°42′11″N 69°58′41″W﻿ / ﻿41.70306°N 69.97806°W﻿ / 41.70306; -69.97806) in South Chatham, Massachusetts and the trans-oceanic transmitter station forty miles to the west (41°42′54″N 70°46′20″W﻿ / ﻿41.71500°N 70.77222°W﻿ / 41.71500; -70.77222) in Marion, Massachusetts. Originally built by inventor Guglielmo Marconi in 1914, the Chatham and Marion stations were sold by  Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America to the Radio Corporation of America in 1920. Most of the land used for the Marion Station became publicly accessible as part of the Sippican Lands Trust in 1986. The Chatham Station became the Chatham Marconi Maritime Center in 2002 and the surrounding land is preserved as the Forest Beach Conservation Area by the town of Chatham.

Marconi–RCA Wireless Receiving Station
The Marconi–RCA Wireless Receiving Station is a historic district at the junction of Old Comers Rd. and Orleans Rd. in Chatham, Massachusetts.  It and its companion transmitter station at Marion were used for WCC, the busiest ship to shore radio station for most of the 20th century.  The district includes eight red brick buildings constructed by Marconi in 1914 to house the station's operations; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, and is now home to the Chatham Marconi Maritime Center museum.
Biblical archaeology
Biblical archaeology is an academic school and a subset of Biblical studies and Levantine archaeology. Biblical archaeology studies archaeological sites from the Ancient Near East and especially the Holy Land (also known as Land of Israel and Canaan), from biblical times.

The Hebrew Bible is the main source of information about the region of Palestine and mostly covers the Iron Age period. Therefore, archaeology can provide insights where biblical historiography is unable to. The comparative study of the biblical text and archaeological discoveries help understand Ancient Near Eastern people and cultures. Although both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament are taken into account, the majority of the study centers around the former.

The term biblical archaeology is used by Israeli archaeologists for popular media or an English speaking audience, in reference to what is known in Hebrew as "Israeli archaeology", and to avoid using the term Palestinian archaeology.

William G. Dever
William Gwinn Dever (born November 27, 1933, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American archaeologist,  Biblical scholar, historian, semiticist, and theologian. He is an active scholar of the Old Testament, and historian, specialized in the history of the Ancient Near East and the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah in biblical times. He was Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Arizona in Tucson from 1975 to 2002. He is a Distinguished Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology at Lycoming College in Pennsylvania.
Buttapietra
Buttapietra is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Venice and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Verona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6,195 and an area of 17.2 square kilometres (6.6 sq mi).

The municipality of Buttapietra contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bovo and Marchesino e Settimo Gallese.

Buttapietra borders the following municipalities: Castel d'Azzano, Isola della Scala, Oppeano, San Giovanni Lupatoto, Verona, and Vigasio.

Vigasio
Vigasio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Venice and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Verona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,393 and an area of 30.8 square kilometres (11.9 sq mi).

The municipality of Vigasio contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Isolalta and Forette.

Vigasio borders the following municipalities: Buttapietra, Castel d'Azzano, Isola della Scala, Nogarole Rocca, Povegliano Veronese, Trevenzuolo, and Villafranca di Verona.

Composer Italo Montemezzi was a native of Vigasio.
Winnipeg Hockey Club
The Winnipeg Hockey Club (also known as the Winnipeg Winnipegs) were a former amateur senior-level men's amateur ice hockey team in Winnipeg, Manitoba founded in 1890. After the Winnipegs won the 1931 Allan Cup, they represented the Canada men's national ice hockey team at the 1932 Winter Olympics held at Lake Placid, New York. The team was undefeated throughout the Olympic tournament and were named the 1932 Olympic and world champions.

Winnipeg Victorias
The Winnipeg Victorias were an amateur senior-level men's amateur ice hockey team in Winnipeg, Manitoba, organized in 1889. They played in the Manitoba Hockey Association (MHA) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  The Victorias won the Stanley Cup in February 1896, 1901 and January 1902 while losing the Cup in December 1896, February 1899, February 1900, March 1902, and February 1903. After the Stanley Cup became the professional championship, the Victorias continued in senior-level amateur play, winning the Allan Cup in 1911 and 1912.
Ekaterina Kurakova
Ekaterina Andreevna Kurakova (Russian: Екатерина Андреевна Куракова, Polish: Jekatierina Andriejewna Kurakowa, born 24 June 2002), nicknamed Katia, is a Russian-Polish figure skater who currently competes for Poland. She is a three-time Warsaw Cup champion (2019, 2022, 2023), the 2019 Mentor Toruń Cup champion, a seven-time Four Nationals champion (2019–24, 2026), and an eight-time Polish national champion (2019–2026). Kurakova represented Poland at the 2022 and 2026 Winter Olympics.

Lutz jump
The Lutz is a figure skating jump named after Alois Lutz, an Austrian skater. It is a toe-pick assisted jump with an entrance from a back outside edge and landing on the back outside edge of the opposite foot. It is the second-most difficult jump in figure skating and "probably the second-most famous jump after the Axel".
Chornohora
Chornohora (Ukrainian: Чорногора, lit. 'black mountain') is the highest mountain range in Western Ukraine. It is within the Polonynian Beskids, a subgroup of the mountain group of Eastern Beskids, which in turn is part of the Outer Eastern Carpathians.

Divisions of the Carpathians
Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian Mountains system.

Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from western Europe all the way to southern Asia, and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually classified as "units". The main divisions are shown in the map on the right.

To generalize, there are three major provinces (regions): Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, and the Southern Carpathians.
Meridianville, Alabama
Meridianville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Madison County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville–Decatur combined statistical area.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP was 8,209.

Madison County, Alabama
Madison County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 388,153, and according to a 2023 population estimate the county has become the second-most populous county in Alabama after only Jefferson County, home to Birmingham. Its county seat is Huntsville. Since the mid-20th century it has become an area of defense and space research and industry. The county is named in honor of James Madison, fourth President of the United States and the first President to visit the state of Alabama. Madison County covers parts of the former Decatur County. Madison County is included in the Huntsville, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bristol and Exeter Railway 4-2-2 locomotives
The 20 Bristol and Exeter Railway 4-2-2 locomotives were broad gauge 4-2-2 express steam locomotives built for the Bristol and Exeter Railway by the Stothert and Slaughter in Bristol. The first entered service in 1849. The Bristol and Exeter Railway was amalgamated into the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1876 and eight 4-2-2s survived at this time, the last being withdrawn in 1889.

Three of the infamous 4-2-4T locomotives were rebuilt by the Great Western Railway in 1877 as 4-2-2 tender locomotives.

Avonside Engine Company
The Avonside Engine Company was a locomotive manufacturer in Avon Street, St Philip's, Bristol, England. The business originated in 1837 under the name of Henry Stothert and Company, and was reorganised twice before assuming the Avonside name in 1864.The company was wound up in 1934.
Daniel López (water polo)
Daniel López Pinedo (born 16 July 1980 in Barcelona) is a Spanish water polo goalkeeper who competed for the Spain men's national water polo team in two Summer Olympics (2012 London and 2016 Rio. He helped Spanish water polo club CN Atlètic-Barceloneta win the LEN Champions League in 2013–14 season. He is 6 ft 3 inches tall.

Water polo at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships – Men's tournament
The men's water polo tournament at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships, organised by the FINA, was held in Gwangju, South Korea from 15 to 27 July. This was the eighteenth time that the men's water polo tournament has been played since the first edition in 1973.

Italy defeated Spain in the final to win their fourth title, while Croatia won against Hungary to capture the bronze medal.
St. George's Episcopal Church (Austin, Nevada)
The St. George's Episcopal Church in Austin, Nevada, United States, located at 156 Main St., is a historic Gothic Revival-style church built during 1877–78.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

It is a one-story brick building, with the bricks laid in American bond, with lancet arch windows, set on a terrace in Pony Canyon, with a corner bell tower dominating.  It was reportedly designed by a San Francisco architect, and built by local contractor Michael Finnegan with mason John C. Wholey.  It is significant as "one of Austin, Nevada's most stylish nineteenth century buildings", and as the only historic church in Austin that was still, in 2003, in use by its original denomination.

Austin, Nevada
Austin is an unincorporated census-designated place in, and former county seat of, Lander County, Nevada, United States. In 2020, the place had a population of 167. It is located on the western slopes of the Toiyabe Range at an elevation of 6,575 feet (2,004 m); U.S. Route 50 passes through.
East Durham Historic District
East Durham Historic District is a national historic district located at Durham, North Carolina. The district encompasses 731 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site (Barbee Graveyard) in a predominantly residential section of Durham. The buildings primarily date between about 1890 and 1955 and include notable examples of Classical Revival and Queen Anne architecture.  Notable buildings include the Holloway Street School (1928), East Durham Junior High School (c. 1940), Advent Christian Church (1920s),  Asbury Temple Methodist Church (1925), John Cheek House (1899), Community Groceries (1900), George Brown Grocery Store (1920), Seagroves Grocery Store (1915), and The People's Bank (1921).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Greater Bethlehem Temple Apostolic Faith Church
Greater Bethlehem Temple Apostolic Faith Church, formerly known as Asbury Temple Methodist Church, is a historic church in Durham, North Carolina. The building, located in the East Durham Historic District, originally housed a Methodist congregation but now houses a Holiness Pentecostal congregation.
Myasishchev M-55
The Myasishchev M-55 (NATO reporting name: Mystic-B) is a high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft developed by OKB Myasishchev in the Soviet Union, similar in mission to the Lockheed U-2, but with a twin-boom fuselage and tail surface design. It is a twin-engined development of the Myasishchev M-17 Stratosphera with a higher maximum take-off weight.

Soloviev D-30
The Soloviev D-30 (now the Aviadvigatel PS-30) is a Soviet two-shaft low-bypass turbofan engine, officially referred to as a "bypass turbojet". It is one of the most powerful turbofan engines developed in the Soviet Union. Development of the turbofan spurred numerous growth versions with increased fan diameter and modified component arrangements. Developed in a short period of time (about three years), the D-30 turned out to be one of the most reliable engines in the history of Soviet engine development, and it was recognized with the USSR State Prize.
Steel mill
A steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel. It may be an integrated steel works carrying out all steps of steelmaking from smelting iron ore to rolled product, but may also be a plant where steel semi-finished casting products are made from molten pig iron or from scrap.

Electric arc furnace
An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats material by means of an electric arc.

Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one-tonne capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400-tonne units used for secondary steelmaking. Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have a capacity of only a few dozen grams. Industrial electric arc furnace temperatures can reach 1,800 °C (3,300 °F), while laboratory units can exceed 3,000 °C (5,400 °F).

In electric arc furnaces, the material inside the furnace (referred to as a charge) is directly exposed to an electric arc, and the current from the electrode terminals passes through the charge material.
Arc furnaces differ from induction furnaces, which use eddy currents to heat the charge.
Listed buildings in Cononley
Cononley is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains 28 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Cononley and the surrounding countryside.  To the southwest of the village is the former Cononley Lead Mine, which contains surviving structures that are listed.  Most of the other listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, and the others include a public house and a milestone.

Cononley
Cononley (/ˈkʊnlə/ KUUN-lə or /ˈkɒnənli/ KON-ən-lee) is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. Cononley is in the Aire Valley 3 miles (5 km) south of Skipton and with an estimated population of 1,080 (2001 est.), measured at 1,172 at the 2011 census. It is situated 0.9 miles (1.5 km) west of the A629 road with access to Skipton, Keighley. Also joined to the Leeds-Carlisle railway, the village has commuter access to Leeds and Bradford.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The village is served by Cononley railway station.
WGY (AM)
WGY (810 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Schenectady, New York, and serving the Capital District of New York. It simulcasts a talk format with WGY-FM (103.1 FM). Owned by iHeartMedia, its studios are located on Troy-Schenectady Road in Latham. WGY is one of the first stations in the United States, and the oldest to operate continuously in New York State, having launched on February 20, 1922.

WGY is powered at 50,000 watts clear-channel, the maximum for commercial AM stations in the U.S. Its transmitter is off Mariaville Road, near the New York State Thruway in the Town of Rotterdam. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WGY is also available online via iHeartRadio.

WRGB
WRGB (channel 6) is a television station licensed to Schenectady, New York, United States, serving the Capital District as an affiliate of CBS. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside CW affiliate WCWN (channel 45). The two stations share studios on Balltown Road in Niskayuna, New York; WRGB's transmitter is located on the Helderberg Escarpment west of New Salem.

WRGB is notable for being one of the first television stations in the world. It began broadcasting experimentally in early 1928, with the first daily programs being broadcast later that year. It later became one of a handful of television stations licensed for commercial broadcasting operation before the end of World War II, being the fourth overall to sign on and by far the smallest TV station during World War II.

The station launched the on-camera careers of TV chefs Art "Mr. Food" Ginsburg in the mid-1970s; and of Rachael Ray, who launched her "30 Minute Meals" segment on WRGB's newscasts in the mid-1990s.
Quinton, Birmingham
Quinton is a suburb and ward of Birmingham, in the county of the West Midlands, England, 5 miles (8 km) west of the city centre. Formerly part of Halesowen parish, Quinton became part of Birmingham in 1909. Quinton was a village and the surrounding area was farmland until the 1930s when the first housing estates were developed. Most of the farmland had been built on by 1980 but some countryside remains in the form of Woodgate Valley Country Park. Along with Bartley Green, Harborne and Edgbaston, Quinton is within the Birmingham Edgbaston constituency.

Halesowen
Halesowen (/heɪlzˈoʊ.ɪn/ haylz-OH-in) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the county of the West Midlands, England.

Historically an exclave of Shropshire and, from 1844, in Worcestershire, the town is around 7 miles (11 km) from Birmingham city centre, and 6 miles (10 km) from Dudley town centre. The population at the 2011 Census, was 58,135. Halesowen is in the Halesowen parliamentary constituency.
Vallamand
Vallamand (French pronunciation: [valamɑ̃]) was a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud in the district of Broye-Vully.

The municipalities of Bellerive, Chabrey, Constantine, Montmagny, Mur, Vallamand and Villars-le-Grand merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Vully-les-Lacs.

Montmagny, Switzerland
Montmagny (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃maɲi] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Bellerive, Chabrey, Constantine, Montmagny, Mur, Vallamand and Villars-le-Grand merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Vully-les-Lacs.
Diocese of Manchester, New Hampshire
The Diocese of Manchester (Latin: Diocensis Manchesteriensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church for New Hampshire in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Boston. The mother church is the Cathedral of St. Joseph in Manchester.

Cathedral of St. Joseph (Manchester, New Hampshire)
The Cathedral of St. Joseph is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Manchester in New Hampshire, United States. It is located at 145 Lowell Street in the downtown district. Bishop Peter Libasci serves as Bishop of the Diocese of Manchester, and Father Jason Jalbert is the rector of the cathedral parish.
Full-text search
In text retrieval, full-text search refers to techniques for searching a single computer-stored document or a collection in a full-text database. Full-text search is distinguished from searches based on metadata or on parts of the original texts represented in databases (such as titles, abstracts, selected sections, or bibliographical references).

In a full-text search, a search engine examines all of the words in every stored document as it tries to match search criteria (for example, text specified by a user). Full-text-searching techniques appeared in the 1960s, for example IBM STAIRS from 1969, and became common in online bibliographic databases in the 1990s. Many websites and application programs (such as word processing software) provide full-text-search capabilities. Some web search engines, such as the former AltaVista, employ full-text-search techniques, while others index only a portion of the web pages examined by their indexing systems.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.