hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Fellin
The siege of Fellin took place between 25 March and 17 May 1602 during the Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611). Polish and Lithuanian forces led by Grand Crown Hetman Jan Zamoyski besieged the Swedish-held town of Fellin (present-day Viljandi in Estonia). The large Polish–Lithuanian army of around 5,000 troops first took the town, while the Swedish defenders, numbering around 800, retreated to the city's castle. After a second frontal attack on the castle, during which the Voivode of Wenden Jerzy Farensbach was killed, the Swedish garrison capitulated, although a group of Finnish soldiers refused to surrender and blew themselves up in the castle's tower. Fellin was later recaptured by the Swedes in a siege in 1608.

Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)
The Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611) was a continuation of struggle between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over control of Livonia and Estonia, as well as the dispute over the Swedish throne between Charles IX of Sweden and Sigismund III of Poland. After skirmishes, sieges and battles often aborted by Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, a truce was signed until the later invasion by the Russians.
4544 Xanthus
4544 Xanthus /ˈzænθəs/, provisional designation 1989 FB, is an asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 1.3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 March 1989, by astronomers Henry Holt and Norman Thomas at the Palomar Observatory in California.

Norman G. Thomas
Norman Gene Thomas (May 1, 1930 – May 19, 2020) was an American astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.

He worked at Lowell Observatory using the blink comparator alongside Robert Burnham Jr., author of the famous three-volume Celestial Handbook.

He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 55 numbered minor planets during 1964–1989, including the Apollo asteroids 4544 Xanthus and 4581 Asclepius, as well as the Amor asteroid 3352 McAuliffe.

The main-belt asteroid 2555 Thomas, discovered by Edward Bowell at Anderson Mesa Station in 1980, was named in his honor. Naming citation was published on 8 April 1982 (M.P.C. 6835).
1993 Arizona Wildcats softball team
The 1993 Arizona Wildcats softball team represented the University of Arizona in the 1993 NCAA Division I softball season.  The Wildcats were coached by Mike Candrea, who led his eighth season.  The Wildcats finished with a record of 44–8.  They played their home games at Rita Hillenbrand Memorial Stadium and competed in the Pacific-10 Conference, where they finished second with a 15–3 record.

This was the first season playing at Rita Hillenbrand Memorial Stadium, which was completed prior to the season.

The Wildcats were invited to the 1993 NCAA Division I softball tournament, where they swept the West Regional and then completed a run through the Women's College World Series to claim their second NCAA Women's College World Series Championship.

1993 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 1993 NCAA Division I softball tournament was the twelfth annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA women's collegiate softball. Held during May 1993, twenty Division I college softball teams contested the championship. The tournament featured eight regionals of either two or three teams, each in a double elimination format. The 1993 Women's College World Series was held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from May 27 through May 31 and marked the conclusion of the 1993 NCAA Division I softball season.  Arizona won their second championship by defeating defending champions UCLA 1–0 in the final game.
Mesorhizobium temperatum
Mesorhizobium temperatum is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Astragalus adsurgens which were found in northern regions of China.

Mesorhizobium
Mesorhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria. At least one, the nitrogen fixing species, Mesorhizobium loti, forms symbiotic root nodules with plants in the genus Lotus. Strain MAFF303099 of M. japonicum has been fully sequenced.
Brian Gooch
Colonel Brian Sherlock Gooch DSO TD JP (1 August 1904 – 15 April 1968) was a British Army officer of the Second World War.

Gooch was the son of Sir Thomas Vere Sherlock Gooch, 10th Baronet and Florence Meta Draper. He was educated at Eton College and Cambridge University. On 12 April 1927 he was commissioned into the Suffolk Yeomanry. He saw active service in the Second World War, during which he was mentioned in dispatches and served in the 55th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery. Gooch was Brevet-Colonel of the Suffolk Yeomany between 1944 and 1950, and in 1946 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order.

He held the office of Justice of the Peace in 1954. In 1956 he was High Sheriff of Suffolk and in 1958 he was Deputy Lieutenant of Suffolk.

Gooch married Monica Mary Heywood, the daughter of Nathaniel Arthur Heywood, on 6 July 1935. Together they had four children. His eldest son, Arthur Gooch, succeeded to the family baronetcy in 2008.

High Sheriff of Suffolk
This is a list of Sheriffs and High Sheriffs of Suffolk.

The Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown and is appointed annually (in March) by the Crown. The Sheriff was originally the principal law enforcement officer in the county and presided at the Assizes and other important county meetings. Most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. There was a single Sheriff serving the two counties of Norfolk and Suffolk until 1576.

On 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, the title of Sheriff of Suffolk was retitled High Sheriff of Suffolk.
Summer squash
Summer squash can either refer to a squash plant with fruit that is harvested when immature, or the fruit itself. The word "summer" reflects their early harvest period and short storage life, in contrast to winter squashes. Some Cucurbita species and varieties are cultivated for both "summer" and "winter" fruit.

Cucurbita ficifolia
Cucurbita ficifolia is a species of squash, grown for its edible seeds, fruit, and greens. It has common names including black seed squash, chilacayote, cidra, fig-leaf gourd, and Malabar gourd. This species is grown widely from Argentina and Chile to Mexico. It is also cultivated in regions of the world including India, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Angola.

No named agricultural  cultivars  have been recognized. Compared to other domesticated Cucurbita species, samples of C. ficifolia gathered throughout its range are relatively similar to one other in morphology and genetic composition. Variations do occur in fruit and seed color, some isozymes, and  photoperiod sensitivity.
Shadow Creek Ranch
Shadow Creek Ranch is a planned community in Pearland, Texas, United States. Shadow Creek Ranch, which has 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) of space, is west of State Highway 288, south of Beltway 8, and about 10 miles (16 km) from the Texas Medical Center.

Shadow Creek Ranch, the largest planned community in Pearland, is a bedroom community for commuters to Houston. The construction of State Highway 288 led to the development. It has experienced solid population growth due to its proximity to Downtown Houston.

Pearland, Texas
Pearland (/ˈpɛərlænd/ PEAR-land) is a city in Brazoria County, with portions extending into Fort Bend and Harris Counties, in Texas, United States. The city of Pearland is a principal city within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, Pearland had a population of 125,828, up from a population of 91,252 at the 2010 census. Pearland's population growth rate from 2000 to 2010 was 142%, which ranked Pearland as the 15th-fastest-growing city in the U.S. during that time, compared to other cities with a population of 10,000 or greater in 2000. Pearland is the third-largest city in the Greater Houston area after Houston and Pasadena, Texas.
William Tavaré
William Andrew Tavaré (born 1 January 1990) is an English former cricketer who played for Gloucestershire County Cricket Club.  Tavaré is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Bristol and educated at Bristol Grammar School. He retired from cricket following the 2019 County Championship.

While studying for his degree in human biology at Loughborough University, Tavaré made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent in 2010.  He has made two further first-class appearances for Loughborough MCCU, against Yorkshire in 2010 and Kent in 2011.

On 28 September 2013, Tavaré signed for Gloucestershire County Cricket Club after impressing for the county's second XI during the 2013 season.

He is the nephew of both former England cricketer Chris Tavaré and business executive Simon Lee.

Chris Tavaré
Christopher James Tavaré (/ˈtævəreɪ/; born 27 October 1954) is a retired English international cricketer who played in 31 Test matches and 29 One Day Internationals between 1980 and 1989. His style of play was characterised by long periods at the crease and a relatively slow rate of run-scoring.
Oliver Strunk
William Oliver Strunk (March 22, 1901 – February 24, 1980) was an American musicologist. Charles Rosen called him one of the most influential American musicologists of the 1930s to the 1960s. He was known for his anthology Source Readings in Music History (1950) and his work on Byzantine music.

Charles Rosen
Charles Welles Rosen (May 5, 1927 – December 9, 2012) was an American pianist and music critic. He is remembered for his career as a concert pianist, for his recordings, and for his many writings. He won the National Book Award for Arts and Letters for The Classical Style.
Leonard D. Holder Jr.
Leonard Donald Holder Jr. (born January 19, 1944)  is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College from July 19, 1995, to August 7, 1997.

As a colonel, Holder commanded the United States 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment in the Battle of 73 Easting

He was inducted into the Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame.

Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College
The Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College is the highest-ranking official at the United States Army's Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, installation. The position is similar to the West Point Superintendent and is roughly equivalent to the chancellor or president of an American civilian university. Since 1976, the commandant has been a Lieutenant General (three stars) and is also in charge of the United States Army Combined Arms Center which includes other training organizations at Fort Leavenworth.

The General Staff College, which is a graduate school, trains a high number of United States Army field officers, many of whom go on to become general officers. The college is part of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.
Beaux-Arts architecture
Beaux-Arts architecture (/boʊz ˈɑːr/ bohz AR, French: [boz‿aʁ] ⓘ) was the academic architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, particularly from the 1830s to the end of the 19th century. It drew upon the principles of French neoclassicism, but also incorporated Renaissance and Baroque elements, and used modern materials, such as iron and glass, and later, steel. It was an important style and enormous influence in Europe and the Americas through the end of the 19th century and into the 20th, particularly for institutional and public buildings.

Festoon
A festoon (from French feston, Italian festone, from a Late Latin festo, originally a festal garland, Latin festum, feast) is a wreath or garland hanging from two points, and in architecture typically a carved ornament depicting conventional arrangement of flowers, foliage or fruit bound together and suspended by ribbons. The motif is sometimes known as a swag when depicting fabric or linen.

In modern English the verb forms, especially "festooned with", are often used very loosely or figuratively to mean having any type of fancy decoration or covering.
Messier marathon
A Messier marathon is an attempt, usually organized by amateur astronomers, to find as many Messier objects as possible during one night. The Messier catalogue was compiled by French astronomer Charles Messier during the late 18th century and consists of 110 relatively bright deep-sky objects (galaxies, nebulae, and star clusters).

Deep-sky object
A deep-sky object (DSO) is any astronomical object that is not an individual star or Solar System object (such as Sun, Moon, planet, comet, etc.). The classification is used for the most part by amateur astronomers to denote visually observed faint naked eye and telescopic objects such as star clusters, nebulae and galaxies.  This distinction is practical and technical, implying a variety of instruments and techniques appropriate to observation, and does not distinguish the nature of the object itself.
Juana la Macarrona
Juana la Macarrona (3 May 1870 – 17 April 1947) was a Spanish flamenco dancer (bailaora).

Born Juana Vargas de las Heras in Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia, she later added the stage name La Macarrona. Her Gitano parents started her on her dancing career, which lasted well into the twentieth century.

La Argentinita
Encarnación López Júlvez (March 3, 1898 – September 24, 1945), better known by her stage name, La Argentinita, was a Spanish-Argentine flamenco dancer, choreographer and singer. La Argentinita was considered one of the highest expressions of this art form during her time.
Katakura Kagesada
Katakura Kagesada (片倉景貞) (1775-1840) was a Japanese samurai of the Edo period. A senior retainer of the Sendai domain. Kagesada was the tenth Katakura Kojūrō. His childhood name was Sannosuke (三之助) later Kojuro. His father was Katakura Muratsune and his son was Katakura Munekage.

Katakura Kojūrō
Katakura Kojūrō (片倉 小十郎) was the common name of the head of the Japanese Katakura clan, who served as senior retainers to the Date clan. Following the Date clan's move into Sendai han, they were granted holdings at Shiroishi Castle (12,000 koku in total), which they held through the start of the Meiji Era. A chronologically arranged list of the generations of Edo-era Katakura Kojūrō (listed by their formal name) follows:
Cathcart Circle Lines
The Cathcart Circle Lines form a mostly suburban railway route linking Glasgow (Central) to Cathcart via a circular line, with branches to Newton and Neilston, on the south bank of the River Clyde. They are part of the Strathclyde rail network.

British Rail Class 318
The British Rail Class 318 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) passenger train which operates in west central Scotland. The units were introduced on 29 September 1986 as part of the electrification of the Ayrshire Coast Line between Glasgow Central and Ayr/Ardrossan with alternating current (AC) overhead lines. Their use was extended to Largs in January 1987. They were also used on the Inverclyde Line in small numbers. The trains currently operate Argyle Line (including services to Lanark from Glasgow Central High Level), Cathcart Circle Line, North Clyde Line, Whifflet Line, Paisley Canal Line and Inverclyde Line services. Following the withdrawal of the second generation of Glasgow Subway rolling stock in 2024, these units are the oldest working EMUs in Scotland, having been in revenue-earning service for more than 39 years.
South Chester Railroad
The South Chester Railroad was a railroad that operated in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania from 1881 to 1906.

Incorporated as the South Chester Railroad Company on June 22, 1881, the railroad named John P. Green its first president and William H. Brown its first chief engineer.

On March 27, 1899, its operations were taken over by the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad. On February 9, 1906, it was merged into the PRR's Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington Railroad. At that time, it operated 2.72 miles of track from Chester to the Crescent Oil Works on the Pennsylvania-Delaware state line and 0.49 miles of track from Lamokin, Pennsylvania (now a neighborhood of Chester proper) to the PB&W main line.

Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad
The Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad (PB&W) was a railroad that operated in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and the District of Columbia from 1902 until 1976. A key component of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) system, its 131-mile (211 km) main line ran between Philadelphia and Washington.: 228  The PB&W main line is now part of the Northeast Corridor, owned by Amtrak.
Via Krupp
Via Krupp is a historic hairpin turn paved footpath on the island of Capri, connecting the Charterhouse of San Giacomo and the Gardens of Augustus area with Marina Piccola. Commissioned by the German industrialist Friedrich Alfred Krupp, the path covers an elevation difference of about 100 m (330 ft).

Built between 1900 and 1902, Via Krupp was ostensibly a connection for Krupp between his luxury hotel, Grand Hotel Quisisana, and Marina Piccola, where his marine biology research vessel lay at anchor. Secretly, however, this path also conveyed him to the Grotta di Fra Felice, a grotto where sex orgies with local youths took place. When the scandal surfaced, Krupp was asked to leave Italy in 1902.

Since 1976, Via Krupp has been closed most of the time due to the danger of falling rocks.

Marina Piccola
Marina Piccola ("little harbor"; also Marina di Mulo) is located on the southern side of the island of Capri. It is near the Faraglioni sea stacks to the southeast. The Via Krupp is a historic switchback paved footpath that connects the Charterhouse of San Giacomo and the Gardens of Augustus area with Marina Piccola.

The Marina Piccola, used by Augustus and Tiberius, preceded the Marina Grande.
Six Vilayets
The Six Vilayets (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت سته, Vilâyat-ı Sitte), the Six Provinces, or the Six Armenian Vilayets (Armenian: Վեց Հայկական Վիլայեթները Vets' haykakan vilayet'nery; Turkish: Altı vilayet, Altı il) were the main Armenian-populated vilayets ("provinces") of the Ottoman Empire and, together, comprise most of Western Armenia. These were Van, Erzurum, Mamuret-ul-Aziz, Bitlis, Diyarbekir and Sivas.

Mamuret-ul-Aziz vilayet
The Vilayet of Mamuret-ul-Aziz, also referred to as Harput Vilayet (Armenian: Խարբերդի վիլայեթ Kharberdi Vilayet’) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was also one of the Six vilayets. The vilayet was located between Euphrates and Murat river valleys. To the northwest was Sivas Vilayet.
Hueco Mountains
The Hueco Mountains are a range of mountains that rise in southern Otero County, New Mexico and extend 27 miles (43 km) south into Texas, generally along the El Paso–Hudspeth county line just east of the city of El Paso, Texas. The highest point of the range is the Cerro Alto Mountain 6,703 feet (2,043 m) in Hudspeth County.

The Hueco Bolson, a down-dropped area with an elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200 m) above sea level, with sedimentary fill nearly 9,000 feet (2,700 m) thick, lies between the Hueco and Franklin Mountains. Shallow, stony soils in the Hueco Mountains support oak, juniper, and some mesquite. The mountains were part of the Rocky Mountain trend, forced upward as part of the Laramide mountain-building period during the late Cretaceous, 60 to 70 million years ago.

The word hueco is Spanish for hollow, gap, or hole.

Cerro Alto Mountain
Cerro Alto Mountain is a mountain in western Texas east of El Paso along U.S. Route 180. It is the highest point in the Hueco Mountains.

The awelo of the Tigua Indians is believed to reside near Cerro Alto Mountain. Which began during their arrival in the 17th century.
Alexamenos graffito
The Alexamenos graffito (Italian: graffito blasfemo, lit. 'blasphemous graffito',: 393  or graffito di Alessameno) is a piece of Roman graffiti scratched into the plaster of a wall in a room near the Palatine Hill in Rome, Italy, which has since been removed and is now located in the Palatine Museum. Often said to be the earliest depiction of Jesus, the graffito is difficult to date, but has been estimated to have been made around the year 200 AD. The image seems to show a young man worshiping a crucified, donkey-headed figure. The Ancient Greek inscription approximately translates to ''Alexamenos worships [his] god'', indicating that the graffito was apparently meant to mock a Christian named Alexamenos.

Palatine Museum
The Palatine Museum (Italian: Antiquarium del Palatino) is a museum located on the Palatine Hill in Rome. Founded in the second half of the 19th century, it houses sculptures, fragments of frescoes, and archaeological material discovered on the hill.
Archdiocese of Valencia in Spain
The Archdiocese of Valencia (Latin: Archidioecesis Valentinus) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in north-eastern Spain, in the province of Valencia, part of the autonomous community of Valencia. The archdiocese heads the ecclesiastical province of Valencia, with authority over the suffragan dioceses of Ibiza, Majorca, Minorca, Orihuela-Alicante and Segorbe-Castellón. The archbishops are seated in Valencia Cathedral. Enrique Benavent Vidal succeeded Cardinal Antonio Cañizares Llovera as the Archbishop of Valencia in 2022.

Thomas of Villanova
Thomas of Villanova, OSA (1488 – September 8, 1555), born Tomás García y Martínez, was a  Spanish friar of the Order of Saint Augustine who was a noted preacher, ascetic and religious writer of his day. He became an archbishop who was famous for the extent of his care for the poor of his see.
Wasdale
Wasdale (/ˈwɒzdeɪl/; traditionally /ˈwɒsəl, ˈwɒʃdəl/) is a valley and civil parish in the western part of the Lake District National Park in the Cumberland district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. The River Irt flows through the valley to its estuary at Ravenglass. A large part of the main valley floor is occupied by Wastwater, the deepest lake in England (258 feet or 79 metres). In 2021 the parish had a population of 127.

Scafell Pike
Scafell Pike (/ˈskɔːfɛl/) is a mountain in the Lake District region of Cumbria, England. It has an elevation of 978 metres (3,209 ft) above sea level, making it the highest and the most prominent mountain in England. The mountain is part of the Scafell massif, an extinct volcano, and is one of the Southern Fells.
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) is an organization, within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), that is responsible for leading research to overcome difficult challenges facing the United States Intelligence Community.  IARPA characterizes its mission as follows: "To envision and lead high-risk, high-payoff research that delivers innovative technology for future overwhelming intelligence advantage."

IARPA funds academic and industry research across a broad range of technical areas, including mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, neuroscience, linguistics, political science, and cognitive psychology. Most IARPA research is unclassified and openly published. IARPA transfers successful research results and technologies to other government agencies. Notable IARPA investments include quantum computing, superconducting computing, machine learning, and forecasting tournaments.

Aggregative Contingent Estimation Program
Aggregative Contingent Estimation (ACE) was a program of the Office of Incisive Analysis (OIA) at the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA).  The program ran from June 2010 until June 2015.