hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second Swedish Crusade
The Second Swedish Crusade was a military expedition by the Kingdom of Sweden into Tavastia (Häme) in southern Finland described by Erik's Chronicle. According to the chronicle, the Swedes defeated the pagan Tavastians under the leadership of Birger Jarl, and started building a castle in Tavastia.

The expedition has traditionally been dated to 1249–1250 based on the chronology of the chronicle. However, some researchers have suggested that the expedition instead took place already in 1238–1239, shortly after the Tavastian uprising and before the Battle of the Neva against the Novgorod Republic. The castle that the Swedes began constructing during the expedition has traditionally been identified as Häme Castle, but it may also have been the older Hakoinen Castle.

The Second Swedish Crusade consolidated and extended Swedish control over Finland.

History of Sweden (800–1521)
Swedish pre-history ends around 800 AD, when the Viking Age begins and written sources are available. During the following centuries, Sweden gradually consolidated as a single nation. The Viking Age lasted until the mid-11th century. Scandinavia was formally Christianized by 1100 AD. The period 1050 to 1350—when the Black Death struck Europe—is considered the Older Middle Ages. The period from 1350 to 1523 is considered the Younger Middle Ages. The Kalmar Union between the Scandinavian countries was established in 1397 and lasted until King Gustav Vasa ended it upon seizing power during the Swedish War of Liberation, which concluded in 1523.
Busy signal
A busy signal (or busy tone or engaged tone) in telephony is an audible call-progress tone or audible signal to the calling party that indicates failure to complete the requested connection of that particular telephone call.

The busy signal has become less common in the past few decades due to the prevalence of call waiting and voicemail.

Dial tone
A dial tone (dialling tone in the UK) is a telephony signal sent by a telephone exchange or private branch exchange (PBX) to a terminating device, such as a telephone, when an off-hook condition is detected. It indicates that the exchange is working and is ready to initiate a telephone call. The tone stops when the first dialed digit is recognized. If no digits are forthcoming, the partial dial procedure is invoked, often eliciting a special information tone and an intercept message, followed by the off-hook tone, requiring the caller to hang up and redial.
Notostaurus
Notostaurus is a genus of Palaearctic grasshoppers in the tribe Dociostaurini, erected by Grigory Bey-Bienko in 1933.  Species are recorded from: northern Africa, the middle East, eastern Europe through to temperate central Asia (probably incomplete distribution).

Gomphocerinae
Gomphocerinae, sometimes called "slant-faced grasshoppers", are a subfamily of grasshoppers found in every continent except Antarctica and Australia. There are at least 192 genera in this subfamily, further dividing into at least 1,274 species. Gomphocerinae species are most often found in swamp, desert, tundra and tropical rainforest environments. The defining characteristic of these insects is the uniformity and location of their femoral stridulatory mechanism.
Arrows A3
The Arrows A3 was a Formula One car which the Arrows team used to compete in the 1980 and 1981 Formula One seasons.

After the failure of the A2 in the 1979 Formula One season, the A3 was a very conventional design. The A3 featured a short wheelbase and conventional front nose and rear wing. The only aerodynamic novelty was a gearbox enclosure to reduce drag.

The car was used in 1981, as Arrows did not have the resources to create a car with hydropneumatic suspension like the Brabham BT49C.

Arrows A2
The Arrows A2 was a Formula One racing car, designed by Tony Southgate and Dave Wass, was used by the Arrows team in the latter half of the 1979 Formula One season. Powered by a Cosworth DFV V8 engine and driven by Riccardo Patrese and Jochen Mass, it was relatively unsuccessful with its best finish being sixth on two occasions.
Yisroel Moshe Olewski
Rabbi Yisroel Moshe Olewski (1916–1966) was the rabbi of Radziejów, Poland prior to the Holocaust. After the Holocaust, he was one of the rabbis of Bergen-Belsen and the Chief Rabbi of Celle. Later, after emigrating to the United States he was the founder of the Gerrer yeshiva in Brooklyn.

World Agudath Israel
World Agudath Israel (Hebrew: אגודת ישראל), usually known as the Aguda, was established in the early twentieth century as the political arm of Ashkenazi Torah Judaism. It succeeded Agudath Shlomei Emunei Yisroel (Union of Faithful Jewry) in 1912. Its base of support was located in Eastern Europe before the Second World War but, due to the revival of the Hasidic movement, it included Orthodox Jews throughout Europe. Prior to World War II and the Holocaust, Agudath Israel operated a number of Jewish educational institutions throughout Europe. After the war, it has continued to operate such institutions in the United States as Agudath Israel of America, and in Israel. Agudath Israel is guided by its Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah (Council of Sages) in Israel and the US.
1987–88 FIBA European Champions Cup
The 1987–88 FIBA European Champions Cup season was the 31st season of the FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague). It was won by Tracer Milano, after they beat Maccabi Elite Tel Aviv 90-84. It was the first season in the competition's modern era where the Final Four format was used to decide the champion. The 1988 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four was held at Flanders Expo Pavilion in Ghent, Belgium, on 5–7 April 1988. Bob McAdoo was named Final Four MVP.

1988 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four
The 1988 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four was the concluding tournament of the 1987–88 FIBA European Champions Cup, and the first one with the FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four format since the 1967 edition of the European Cup.

Tracer Milano won its third title.
Mold-A-Rama
Mold-A-Rama is a brand name for a type of vending machine that makes injection molded plastic figurines. Mold-A-Rama machines debuted in late 1962  and grew in prominence at the 1964 New York World's Fair. The machines can still be found operating in dozens of museums and zoos.

Vending machine
A vending machine is an automated machine that dispenses items such as snacks, beverages, cigarettes, and lottery tickets to consumers after cash, a credit card, or other forms of payment are inserted into the machine or payment is otherwise made. The first modern vending machines were developed in England in the early 1880s and dispensed postcards. Vending machines exist in many countries and, in more recent times, specialized vending machines that provide less common products compared to traditional vending machine items have been created.
Takanohana stable
Takanohana stable (貴乃花部屋, Takanohana-beya) was a stable of sumo wrestlers, created in 2004 when Takanohana Kōji took over the running of Futagoyama stable from his father Takanohana Kenshi.  Formerly of the Nishonoseki ichimon or group of stables, it became the leader of a breakaway Takanohana group in 2010, which was formally recognized as an ichimon in 2014. It is one of the most successful sumo stables with 42 top division championships to its name, won by eight different wrestlers, if Futagoyama's history from 1962 is included.  As of the September 2018 tournament the stable had eight wrestlers, including three sekitori. Takanohana resigned from the Japan Sumo Association shortly after that tournament and the stable was absorbed into Chiganoura stable on October 1, 2018.

Takanofuji Sanzō
Takanofuji Sanzō (born 13 May 1997 as Tsuyoshi Kamiyama, also known as Tsuyoshi Sudario) is a former professional sumo wrestler and current mixed martial artist from Sakai, Ibaraki, Japan. He made his professional debut in March 2013 and his highest rank was jūryō 5. He is the twin brother of former makuuchi division wrestler Takagenji, and they are the first twins to both reach the second highest jūryō division. He won one makushita division championship. He was suspended from the September 2019 tournament after an investigation found he had struck an attendant, and was asked to retire by the Japan Sumo Association. After initially refusing to comply, he retired on 11 October 2019.
Arrigoni Bridge
The Arrigoni Bridge, also known locally as the Portland Bridge is a steel through arch bridge carrying Route 17 and Route 66 across the Connecticut River, connecting Middletown, Connecticut, to Portland, Connecticut. 
When it opened in 1938, the 1,200 feet (370 m) bridge was the most expensive bridge ever built in Connecticut, at a cost of $3.5 million. Its two distinctive 600 feet (180 m) steel arches have the longest span length of any bridge in the state. The bridge has an average daily traffic of 33,600.

It was named after state legislator Charles J. Arrigoni, who promoted the project. Arrigoni served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1933 to 1936 and in the Connecticut State Senate from 1937 to 1940.

Portland, Connecticut
Portland (/ˈpɔːrtlənd/ PORT-lənd) is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 9,384 at the 2020 census. The town center is listed as a census-designated place (CDP). It is situated across the Connecticut River from Middletown.

Brownstone quarried in Portland was used in the construction of Hartford's Old State House in 1796. The vast majority of the brownstone buildings in Connecticut  (see College Row at Wesleyan University and the Long Walk at Trinity College) as well as the famous brownstones in New York City were built with brownstone from Portland's quarries. Later, one of the quarries was transformed into an adventure park in the summer months featuring zip lines, cliff diving and scuba locations.

About half of the town's perimeter is made up of the Connecticut River. The town has eight marinas and boat clubs as well as three 18-hole golf courses.
Sydenham, London
Sydenham (/ˈsɪdənəm/) is a district of south-east London, England, which is shared between the London boroughs of Lewisham, Bromley and Southwark. Prior to the creation of the County of London in 1889, Sydenham was located in Kent, bordering Surrey. Historically, the area was very affluent, with the Crystal Palace being relocated to Sydenham Hill in 1854. Today, Sydenham is a diverse area, with a population of 28,378 (2011 census) and borders Forest Hill, Dulwich, Crystal Palace, Penge, Beckenham, Catford and Bellingham.

Sydenham Hill Wood
Sydenham Hill Wood is a ten-hectare wood on the northern slopes of the Norwood Ridge in the London Borough of Southwark. It is designated as a Local Nature Reserve and Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation. With the adjacent Dulwich Wood, Sydenham Hill Wood is the largest extant tract of the ancient Great North Wood. The two woods are formed from coppices known as Lapsewood, Old Ambrook Hill Wood and Peckarmans Wood after the relocation of The Crystal Palace in 1854 and the creation of the high level line in 1865.

The land is owned by the Dulwich Estate, leased to Southwark Council, who lease Sydenham Hill Wood to London Wildlife Trust. Sydenham Hill Wood and Fern Bank are a Local Nature Reserve.

In 1997 Sydenham Hill Wood was given the UK-MAB Urban Wildlife Award for Excellence. There are conservation workdays and wildlife events.
Raymond Arrieta
Ramón Emilio "Raymond" Arrieta Vázquez (born March 26, 1965), is a Puerto Rican actor, comedian, host and philanthropist. Starting his career as a comedian in various local shows, Arrieta gained popularity in the 1990s when he hosted a string of successful comedy shows where he showcased his various characters and personifications. Since 2007, Arrieta has been hosting the mid-day variety show Día a Día, along with Dagmar. Arrieta is also a radio show host and a theater actor.

Arrieta has gained prominence for his philanthropic endeavors. After his friend and co-host, Dagmar, was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, Arrieta has performed a yearly charity walk around various parts of the island while also raising awareness. Because of his commitment to the cause, Arrieta has received numerous recognitions, including from the Senate of Puerto Rico.

Phi Sigma Alpha
Phi Sigma Alpha (ΦΣΑ), commonly known as La Sigma, is a Puerto Rican fraternity originally established as the Sigma Delta Alpha Fraternity (Sociedad de Amigos) on October 22, 1928, at the University of Puerto Rico by twelve students and a professor. Phi Sigma Alpha can trace its roots back to 1898 to the Union Hispano Americana, as well as to the first ever Greek letter Hispanic-oriented fraternity, Sigma Iota, established in 1912. By 1998 there were over 4,376 members.
Rispebjerg
Rispebjerg is an archaeological site on the Danish island of Bornholm. Located 7 km west of Snogebæk on the road to Pedersker, it contains both the remains of a Neolithic sun temple and Iron Age earthworks.

Pedersker
Pedersker is a little village in the southeast of the Danish island of Bornholm, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of Aakirkeby and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) southwest of Nexø. As of 2025, it has 209 inhabitants.
Bottle variation
Bottle variation is the degree to which different bottles, nominally of the same product, can have different taste, smell, etc.

There are many possible causes of bottle variation:

variation in the contents prior to packaging

variation in the packaging components

variation in the product and packaging processes

variation in storage, distribution, cold chain, etc.

variation in the quantity of contents

Bottle
A bottle is a narrow-necked container made of an impermeable material (such as glass, pottery, porcelain, plastic or aluminium) in various shapes and sizes that stores and transports liquids. Its mouth, at the bottling line, can be sealed with an internal stopper, an external bottle cap, a closure, or induction sealing.
Mistusinne
Mistusinne (2016 population: 77) is a resort village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 7. It is on the eastern shore of Gordon McKenzie Arm of Lake Diefenbaker in the Rural Municipality of Maple Bush No. 224.

Division No. 7, Saskatchewan
Division No. 7 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the south-central part of the province. The most populous community in this division is Moose Jaw.
Gwen Bingham
Lieutenant General Gwendolyn Bingham (born 1959) is a retired officer of the United States Army who served as the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management from 2016 to 2019. Bingham previously served as the Commander of the TACOM Life Cycle Management Command headquartered at the Detroit Arsenal in Warren, Michigan, and as the Commanding General, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. She was the 51st Quartermaster General of the United States Army and Commandant of the United States Army Quartermaster School at Fort Lee, Virginia – the first female officer to hold these positions.

In March 2020, Bingham was elected to the Owens & Minor, Inc. Board of Directors.

Quartermaster General of the United States Army
The Quartermaster General of the United States Army is a general officer who is responsible for the Quartermaster Corps, the Quartermaster branch of the U.S. Army.  The Quartermaster General does not command Quartermaster units, but is primarily focused on training, doctrine and professional development of Quartermaster soldiers. The Quartermaster General also serves as the Commanding General, U.S. Army Quartermaster Center and School, Fort Gregg-Adams, Virginia, and the traditional Quartermaster Corps.
Dale Mabry Highway
Dale Mabry Highway is a north–south road in Tampa, Florida. The majority of its length consists of three lanes each direction plus a central turn-lane and often includes a right-turn lane. It begins at the MacDill Air Force Base entrance in South Tampa and ends by merging with US 41 just north of the Pasco County line. The highway carries multiple designations, carrying US 92 for an approximately five-mile (8.0 km) stretch between Hillsborough Avenue and Gandy Boulevard.

Dale Mabry Highway has many items of interest, including Raymond James Stadium, George M. Steinbrenner Field, Tampa International Airport, the Dale Mabry branch of the Hillsborough Community College, Plant High School, Gaither High School, shopping centers, car dealerships and restaurants.

Florida State Road 568
State Road 568 (SR 568) is a short freeway stub of the Veterans Expressway (SR 589) north of Tampa. The road was built in 1994, but was reassigned as SR 568 in 2001 when SR 589 moved to the new Suncoast Parkway. It connects the aforementioned SR 589 to SR 597. SR 568 is on the segment of the Veterans Expressway that was intended to be extended to Lutz, Florida in the vicinity of the northern interchange with I-75 and I-275.
Xinyi Middle School
Xinyi Middle School (simplified Chinese: 信宜中学; traditional Chinese: 信宜中學) is located in the south of Xinyi District of Maoming City in Guangdong Province, China. As the first county school in Xinyi District which was set up in 1916, Xinyi Middle School is also the first class school of Guangdong Province as well as Guangdong Province Civilization Unit. In 2007, passing the high school teaching evaluation, Xinyi Middle school became a national-level model high school in Guangdong Province.

Xinyi, Guangdong
Xinyi, previously romanized as Sunyi, is a county-level city in Guangdong Province, China. It is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Maoming in the southwestern corner of the province, bordering Guangxi to the west. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 1,014,577 people. Though its metro area is much smaller with 418,731 inhabitants considered urban.
Embo-Nguni
Embo-Nguni is a historiographical term used to describe a cluster within the broader  Embo identity of historic Nguni-speaking community that migrated to the Maputo-Lubombo region of coastal Southern Africa during the Bantu expansion.

Embo (Nguni ancestry)
Embo (also AbaMbo, Abambu, Mbo, Mbos, AmaMbo, Abasembu, Amabambo or eMbo) refers to an ancestral grouping and historical ethnic identity of early  Nguni-speaking peoples who settled in Southern Africa during the Bantu expansion.

Early European accounts from the 17th and 18th centuries refer to peoples identified as the Abambo along the southeastern coast of Southern Africa.

In historical literature, the term Embo also refers to narrower Nguni groupings, such as the  Embo-Nguni and sub-groups such as the Embo-Dlamini, which formed the modern Swazi people. The group was active in the Maputaland-Lubombo region from the early modern period.

They were distinguished by their cattle-based economy, crop farming and coastal trade. Historically, the Bantu-speaking people of the southern part of Africa came from the Katanga direction and continued to expand to the south along the east coast of Africa.
Doncaster Cup
The Doncaster Cup is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 2 miles 1 furlong and 197 yards (3,600 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

Doncaster Racecourse
Doncaster Racecourse (also known as the Town Moor course) is a racecourse in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. It hosts two of Great Britain's 36 annual Group 1 flat races, the St Leger Stakes and the Racing Post Trophy.
Sannobō Site
Sannobō  ruins (山王坊遺跡, Sannobō  iseki) is an archaeological site in what is now the city of  Goshogawara, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan containing the ruins of a Muromachi period Buddhist temple.  The remains were designated a National Historic Site in 2017 by the Japanese government.

Goshogawara
Goshogawara (五所川原市, Goshogawara-shi) is a city located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2023, the city had an estimated population of 51,578 in 25,615 households, and a population density of 130 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 404.18 square kilometres (156.05 sq mi).
Dozza
Dozza (Romagnol: Dòza) (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdɔttsa]) is an Italian comune in the province of Bologna. Dozza is known for its festival of the painted wall, which takes place every two years in September. During this festival, famous national and international artists paint permanent works on the walls of the houses. A local landmark is Dozza Castle, whose cellars host Enoteca Regionale Emilia Romagna, the enoteca and wine bar dedicated to oenological products of Emilia-Romagna. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Standard Chartered
Standard Chartered PLC is a British multinational bank with operations in wealth management, corporate and investment banking, and treasury services. Despite being headquartered in the United Kingdom, it does not conduct retail banking in the UK, and around 90% of its profits come from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Standard Chartered has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has secondary listings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, and OTC Markets Group Pink. Its largest shareholder is the Government of Singapore–owned Temasek Holdings. The Financial Stability Board considers it a systemically important bank.

Maria Ramos is the group chair of Standard Chartered. Bill Winters is the current group chief executive.

New York State Department of Financial Services
The New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS or NYSDFS) is the department of the New York state government responsible for regulating financial services and products, including those subject to the New York insurance, banking and financial services laws.