hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maciste and the Chinese Chest
Maciste and the Chinese Chest (German: Maciste und die chinesische Truhe) is a 1923 German silent action film directed by Carl Boese and starring Bartolomeo Pagano, Rudolf Lettinger, and Jakob Tiedtke. It was one of several German films featuring the Italian peplum hero Maciste.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Fritz Kraenke and Willy Reiber.

Bartolomeo Pagano
Bartolomeo Pagano (27 September 1878 – 24 June 1947) was an Italian motion picture actor.

Before his cinema career, Pagano was a stevedore who worked at the port of Genoa. There, he was discovered and selected to play the role of Maciste, a muscular slave, in the silent movie classic Cabiria in 1914. As the originator of this role, he went on to play the character for the next 14 years in a series of sequels. Pagano became an international star, and legally changed his name to Maciste. In the 1920s he was one of the most well paid actors in Italy, receiving up to 600.000 lire a year. The actor retired from films in 1929 to marry and raise a family in his home town of Genoa. He died there, aged 68, and is buried on the family estate in Italy.
Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade
The Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade is an Anglican youth organisation with branches in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Bermuda, Kenya, South Africa, Barbados, Newfoundland and St Helena. Its origins lie in the formation in 1891 of the Church Lads' Brigade with its sister organisation, the Church Red Cross Brigade, later the Church Girls' Brigade, founded in 1901. The two respective founders were Walter M. Gee and the Reverend Thomas Milner. The two brigades amalgamated in 1978 to form the Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade.

The Church Lads' Brigade was one of the founding members of The National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS), and the Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade remains a member for their work on development of young people.

The brigade's patron saint is Martin of Tours. A banner depicting St Martin, which was presented by the brigade in 1921 to honour those members who died in the First World War, is kept at Westminster Abbey.

National Council for Voluntary Youth Services
The National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS) was a membership network of over 200 voluntary and community organisations, as well as local and regional networks, that work with and for young people across England. The organisation closed in 2016. For 80 years, NCVYS acted as an independent voice of the voluntary and community youth sector, working to inform and influence public policy, supporting members to improve the quality of their work, and also raising the profile of the voluntary and community sector's work with young people.
Ningbo University
Ningbo University (NBU; 宁波大学) is a municipal public university in Jiangbei, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. It is affiliated with the Ningbo Municipal People's Government. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction.

Double First-Class Construction
The World First-Class Universities and First-Class Academic Disciplines Construction (世界一流大学和一流学科建设), together known as Double First-Class Initiative (双一流建设), is a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government, initiated in 2015. The Universities included in the Double First Class Initiative are recognized as "Double First-Class Universities". There are 147 universities and colleges selected to be part of the program.

The program was announced under the Xi Jinping administration in 2015 to replace the original higher education development programs Project 211 and Project 985.
Ankaramy Be
Ankaramy Be (also Ankaramy or Ankaramibe) is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Analalava, which is a part of Sofia Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 23,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 9% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are coffee and pepper.  Services provide employment for 1% of the population.

Ankaramy Be is the type locality of a type of volcanic rock called ankaramite.

Ankaramite
Ankaramite is volcanic rock type of mafic composition. It is a dark porphyritic variety of basanite containing abundant pyroxene and olivine phenocrysts. It contains minor amounts of plagioclase and accessory biotite, apatite, and iron oxides.

Its type locality is Ankaramy in Madagascar. It was first described in 1916. It is also found in the Sierra de Guanajuato of Central Mexico, the South Pacific on islands such as Tahiti, Rarotonga, Samoa and in the Zealandia, Alexandra Volcanic Group.
Number One (Skye Sweetnam song)
"Number One" is the third and final single released from Noise From the Basement, the 2004 debut album from Canadian musician Skye Sweetnam. The song was written by Skye Sweetnam, Paul Cafaro, Peter Konicek, and Eric Dodd. It was produced by LCV and by Sweetnam herself. Although this single did not make an impact on the singles charts, it did manage to peak at #22 on the Much Music Top 30 Countdown in 2005.

Noise from the Basement
Noise from the Basement is the debut album by Canadian singer-songwriter Skye Sweetnam, released on September 21, 2004, by Capitol Records. It debuted and peaked at number 124 on the Billboard 200 and number 15 on the Oricon Album Charts. The album sold 71,000 copies in United States as of June 2007.
Bigg Boss Kannada season 10
Bigg Boss Kannada 10 is a reality show and the tenth season of the Indian Kannada-language reality television series Bigg Boss produced by Endemol Shine India (now merged with Banijay). The show began on 8 October 2023, on Colors Kannada and JioCinema, with Kichcha Sudeep as a host for the tenth time in a row. In the last week of Finale the makers of Bigg Boss announced the for the first time among all seasons, the season 10 has top six contestants stepped into the Grande Finale where one finalist was evicted one day before the ultimate day of the show.

Actor and model, Karthik Mahesh, won the Season 10 title. with Prathap being the Runner-Up and Sangeeta Sringeri as Second Runner-Up. The Bigg Boss Kannada 10 has soared to new heights as it received highest TRP (Television Rating point) of 7.9 TVR Across Karnataka, making a significant milestone.

Colors Kannada
Colors Kannada (previously known as ETV Kannada) is an Indian Kannada language general entertainment channel, owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily telecasts serials, reality shows and Kannada films.
Hal Call
Harold Leland "Hal" Call (September 20, 1917 – December 18, 2000) was an American businessperson, LGBT rights activist, and U.S. Army veteran. He served as president of the Mattachine Society. In the 1950s, he was one of the first gay activists to speak publicly on television. Call founded printing presses for LGBT publications and later opened gay adult shops and pornographic film screening venues. He received a Purple Heart for his service in the Pacific War.

Leather subculture
Leather subculture denotes practices and styles of dress organized around sexual activities that involve leather garments, such as leather jackets, vests, boots, chaps, harnesses, or other items. Wearing leather garments is one way that participants in this culture self-consciously distinguish themselves from mainstream sexual cultures. Many participants associate leather culture with BDSM practices and its many subcultures. For some, black leather clothing is an erotic fashion that expresses heightened masculinity or the appropriation of sexual power; love of motorcycles, motorcycle clubs and independence; and/or engagement in sexual kink or leather fetishism.
Stardom New Year Stars 2024
Stardom New Year Stars 2024 (スターダム ニューイヤー スターズ 2024, Sutādamu nyūiyā sutāzu 2024) was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. It took place on January 3, 2024, in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan at the Yokohama Budokan. The event mainly featured the second Triangle Derby tournament and the returning Rookie of Stardom competition recurrent for the year 2023. It was the first pay-per-view organized by Stardom in 2024.

Ten matches were contested at the event, including two on the pre-show. The main event saw Abarenbo GE (Syuri, Mirai, Ami Sohrei) defeat Baribari Bombers (Giulia, Thekla and Mai Sakurai) in the Triangle Derby and won the Artist of Stardom Championship. In another prominent match, Yuzuki defeated Hanako to become the 2023 Rookie of Stardom.

God's Eye (professional wrestling)
God's Eye (神の目, Kami no me) is a professional wrestling stable, currently performing in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion World Wonder Ring Stardom. The stable is led by Syuri and also consists of Ami Sohrei, Saki Kashima, Lady C, Hina, Tomoka Inaba, Ranna Yagami, Kiyoka Kotatsu and Nanami.
Carr Waller Pritchett Sr.
Carr Waller Pritchett Sr. (1823–1910) was an American educator and astronomer. He served briefly as president of Central College just before the American Civil War. He then became the first president of Pritchett School Institute in Glasgow, Missouri, after the war, and he was the first director of the Morrison Observatory, also in Glasgow. (The observatory was moved to Fayette, Missouri, in the early 1930s).

C. W. Pritchett was born on September 4, 1823, in Henry County, Virginia; the oldest of ten children to Henry Pritchett and Martha Myra Waller. The family moved in 1835 first to St. Charles, Missouri and then to eastern Warren County, Missouri. At the age of 21 he attended St. Charles College (the first Protestant College west of the Mississippi River); in 1844 he began teaching and in 1846 became what was then known as a licentiate of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. (The equivalent of an ordained minister in today's United Methodist Church).

Henry County, Virginia
Henry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 50,948. The county seat is tradtionally identified as Martinsville; however it is essentially a ghost seat, as the administration building (where county offices are located and where the board of supervisors holds meetings), county courthouse, and Henry County Sheriff's Office are located on Kings Mountain Road (SR 174) in Collinsville.The Henry County Adult Detention Center is located on DuPont Road in Henry County, just south of Martinsville.

Henry County is part of the Martinsville Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Lenexa, Kansas
Lenexa /lɪˈnɛksə/ is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States, and part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 57,434. making it the ninth-most populated city in Kansas.  It is bordered by the cities of Shawnee to the north, Overland Park to the east, De Soto to the west, and Olathe to the south.

Johnson County, Kansas
Johnson County  is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas, along the border of the state of Missouri.  Its county seat is Olathe.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 609,863, making it the most populous county in Kansas.  The county was named after Thomas Johnson, a Methodist missionary who was one of the state's first settlers.  Largely suburban, the county contains a number of suburbs of Kansas City, Missouri, including Overland Park, a principal city of and the second most populous city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area.
Lady Gertrude Stock
Lady Gertrude Georgina Stock (née Douglas; 21 August 1842 – 25 November 1893) was a Scottish aristocrat and novelist, who also wrote under the pseudonym George Douglas. In 1891 she founded the National Canine Defence League (today known as Dogs Trust) to protect dogs from "torture and ill-usage of every kind".

Dogs Trust
Dogs Trust, known until 2003 as the National Canine Defence League, is a British animal welfare charity and humane society which specialises in the well-being of dogs. It is the largest dog welfare charity in the United Kingdom, caring for over 15,000 animals each year. Dogs Trust's primary objective is to protect all dogs in the UK and elsewhere from maltreatment, cruelty and suffering. It focuses on the rehabilitation and rehoming of dogs which have been either abandoned or given up by their owners through rehoming services.

Dogs Trust has 22 rehoming centres across the UK and Ireland. Its first international rehoming centre opened in November 2009 in Dublin, Ireland. Dogs Trust also manages microchipping and neutering schemes in the United Kingdom and abroad, in order to reduce the number of unwanted litters of puppies and stray dogs.
Boscobel, Wisconsin
Boscobel (/ˈbɒskoʊbɛl/ BOSS-koh-bel) is a city in Grant County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,286 at the 2020 census. Approximately 0.6 mi. (1 km) to the north of the city, across a riparian swamp, is the Wisconsin River. U.S. Route 61 crosses the Wisconsin River at Boscobel. To the south, the city is bordered by the Town of Boscobel.

Boscobel was the site of a stop along the now defunct Milwaukee Road, and it is still served by the Wisconsin and Southern Railroad. It is also the site of the Wisconsin Secure Program Facility (WSPF), a Wisconsin Department of Corrections prison for men. Businesses include the historic Central House Hotel, the birthplace of Gideons International.

Grant County, Wisconsin
Grant County is the most southwestern county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 51,938. Its county seat is Lancaster and its largest city is Platteville. The county is named after the Grant River, in turn named after a fur trader who lived in the area when Wisconsin was a territory. Grant County comprises the Platteville Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the tri-state area of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa, and is crossed by travelers commuting to Madison, Wisconsin, from a number of eastern Iowan cities, and by residents of northern Illinois traveling to the Twin Cities or La Crosse, Wisconsin.
Autumn Milk
Autumn Milk (German: Herbstmilch) is a 1989 film directed by Joseph Vilsmaier. It is based on the autobiography of Anna Wimschneider.

The film was bestowed awards at the 39th German Film Awards in Berlin: the silver Filmband for the film and the golden Filmband for new talent for the leading actress Dana Vávrová. It also won new talent awards for Dana Vávrová and Werner Stocker at the 10th Bavarian film prize.

It was a great box-office success, with over two million viewers.

Joseph Vilsmaier
Joseph Vilsmaier (pronounced [ˈjoːzɛf ˈfɪlsmaɪ.ɐ] ⓘ, 24 January 1939 – 11 February 2020) was a German film director who began his career as a technician and cameraman. He is internationally known for films such as Comedian Harmonists.
Racławice Panorama
The Racławice Panorama (Polish: Panorama Racławicka) is a monumental (15 × 114 meter) cycloramic painting depicting the Battle of Racławice, during the Kościuszko Uprising. It is located in Wrocław, Poland. The painting is one of only a few preserved relics of a genre of 19th-century mass culture, and the oldest in Poland. The panorama stands in a circular fashion and, with the viewer in the center, presents different scenes at various viewing angles. A special kind of perspective used in the painting and additional effects (lighting, artificial terrain) create a feeling of reality.

Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland–Lithuania and the Prussian partition in 1794. It was an attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation of the Targowica Confederation. Despite some local successes of the insurgency, it was ultimately suppressed by Russian general Alexander Suvorov, who was promoted to field marshal in the aftermath of the Battle of Praga; the massacre that followed the battle was evidence of the ruthlessness of war.
Rhinella atacamensis
Rhinella atacamensis, sometimes called the Vallenar toad or Atacama toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Chile and occurs between Paposo (Antofagasta Region) and Las Chilcas (Valparaíso Region). It inhabits the desert Pacific coastal region with Mediterranean influences (including the Chilean matorral) and is found in and near oases and streams. Breeding takes place in permanent pools (including water tanks for livestock), streams, and rivers. While abundant at a few sites, it has declined overall and gone locally extinct at some sites. Threats to this species include extensive droughts and water pollution as well as extraction of surface water, mining, agriculture, livestock farming, and timber plantations.

Chilean Matorral
The Chilean Matorral (NT1201) is a terrestrial ecoregion of central Chile, located on the west coast of South America. It is in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, and is thus part of the Neotropical realm.

The matorral ecoregion is characterized by a temperate Mediterranean climate, with rainy winters and dry summers, and lies between the arid Atacama Desert and the humid Valdivian temperate forests. The ecoregion is home to diverse plant communities, including matorral or tall shrubland, forests and woodlands, savannas, and low shrubland and scrub.

The ecoregion is one of the world's five Mediterranean climate regions, which are all located in the middle latitudes on the west coast of continents. The Mediterranean Basin, the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion of California and Baja California, the Cape Province of South Africa, and Southwest Australia are the other Mediterranean-climate regions.
Warbler
Various Passeriformes (perching birds) are commonly referred to as warblers. They are not necessarily closely related to one another, but share some characteristics, such as being fairly small, vocal, and insectivorous.

Olive warbler
The olive warbler (Peucedramus taeniatus) is a small passerine bird. It is the only member of the genus Peucedramus and the family Peucedramidae.

This species breeds from southern Arizona and New Mexico, USA, south through Mexico to Nicaragua. It is the only bird family endemic to North America (including Central America). It was in the past classed with the Parulidae (New World warblers), but DNA studies suggest that it split early from the other related passerines, prior to the differentiation of the entire New World warbler/American sparrow/Icterid group. It is therefore now given a family of its own.

It is an insectivorous species of coniferous forests. Though it is often said to be non-migratory, most New Mexican birds leave the state from November to late February. It lays 3–4 eggs in a tree nest.
FIBA U18 EuroBasket
The FIBA U18 EuroBasket, formerly the FIBA U18 European Championship, and originally the FIBA European Championship for Juniors is an annual men's youth basketball competition contested by the under-18 national teams from FIBA Europe.

The inaugural tournament was in 1964, and was held biennially until 2002. Since 2004, the competition has been played every year. The tournament serves as qualification for the FIBA Under-19 World Cup in even numbered years. The current champions are Spain.

Spain men's national under-18 basketball team
The Spain men's national under-18 basketball team (Spain Youth national basketball team), is the representative for Spain in international under-18 men's basketball competitions, and it is organized and run by the Spanish Basketball Federation.

The team represents Spain at the FIBA U18 EuroBasket and it's the only team that has appeared at every Division A tournament since it was first held in 1964.
Müller's sign
Müller's sign is the pulsation or bobbing of the uvula that occurs during systole.  It can be seen in patients with severe aortic insufficiency.  Müller's sign is caused by an increased stroke volume.

Müller's sign is named for Friedrich von Müller, a German physician.

Aortic regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
Dmitry Ushakov
Dmitry Nikolayevich Ushakov (Russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Ушаков; 24 January 1873 – 17 April 1942) was a Russian philologist and lexicographer.

He was the creator and chief editor (1935–1940) of the 4-volume Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language with over 90,000 entries. He was also the creator of an orthographic dictionary of the Russian  language (1934).

He influenced his student, Grigoriy Vinokur, who dedicated his book The Russian Language: A Brief History to him.

Ushakov died in Tashkent, where he had been evacuated to during World War II. His work on a definitive explanatory dictionary of the Russian language was continued by Sergei Ozhegov.

Ushakov Dictionary
The Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, also called just Ushakov's Dictionary, is one of the major dictionaries of the Russian language.

Edited by the philologist and lexicographer Dmitry Ushakov, the dictionary was published in four volumes over the period 1935–1940. Its appearance filled an important gap in the description of modern 20th-century Russian. The success of the dictionary may be partly attributed to the work of skilled specialists using lexicographic works from the 19th and 20th centuries, without which the picture of the modern Russian language would be incomplete. The dictionary contains over 90,000 entries and is designed for a wide range of readers.
Saturable absorption
Saturable absorption is a property of materials where the absorption of light decreases with increasing light intensity.  Most materials show some saturable absorption, but often only at very high optical intensities (close to the optical damage). At sufficiently high incident light intensity, the ground state of a saturable absorber material is excited into an upper energy state at such a rate that there is insufficient time for it to decay back to the ground state before the ground state becomes depleted, causing the absorption to saturate. The key parameters for a saturable absorber are its wavelength range (where in the electromagnetic spectrum it absorbs), its dynamic response (how fast it recovers), and its saturation intensity and fluence (at what intensity or pulse energy it saturates).

Saturable absorber materials are useful in laser cavities. For instance, they are commonly used for passive Q-switching.

Q-switching
Q-switching, sometimes known as giant pulse formation or Q-spoiling, is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam. The technique allows the production of light pulses with extremely high (gigawatt) peak power, much higher than would be produced by the same laser if it were operating in a continuous wave (constant output) mode. Compared to mode locking, another technique for pulse generation with lasers, Q-switching leads to much lower pulse repetition rates, much higher pulse energies, and much longer pulse durations. The two techniques are sometimes applied together.

Q-switching was first proposed in 1958 by Gordon Gould, and independently discovered and demonstrated in 1961 or 1962 by R.W. Hellwarth and F.J. McClung at Hughes Research Laboratories using electrically switched Kerr cell shutters in a ruby laser. Optical nonlinearities such as Q-switching were fully explained by Nicolaas Bloembergen, who won the Nobel Prize in 1981 for this work.