hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siviilipalvelus
Siviilipalvelus (in Finnish; Swedish: civiltjänst; "civilian service") is an alternative service in Finland. It is provided as an alternative to military service for conscientious objectors by Article 127 of the Finnish constitution. The service lasts for 347 days, changed from 395 days in 2008 (not retroactively applied). It can be entered into by filing paperwork indicating that one conscientiously objects to military service.

Alternative civilian service
Alternative civilian service, also called alternative services, civilian service, non-military service, and substitute service, is a form of national service performed in lieu of military conscription for various reasons, such as conscientious objection, inadequate health, or political reasons. Alternative service usually involves some kind of labor.
Buhl, Idaho
Buhl is a city located on the old Oregon Trail in the western half of Twin Falls County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2020 census, Buhl had a population of 4,558. It is part of the Twin Falls, Idaho metropolitan area.

U.S. Route 30 passes through Buhl, along the scenic Thousand Springs Scenic Byway from Twin Falls to Bliss. Known as the "Trout Capital of the World," Buhl is the location of numerous hatcheries in the immediate surrounding area, which produce a majority of the rainbow trout consumed in the United States. Clear Springs Foods, located just north of Buhl, processes over 20 million pounds of rainbow trout each year, making it the world's largest producer.

Twin Falls metropolitan area
The Twin Falls metropolitan statistical area (MSA), as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in the Magic Valley region of Idaho, anchored by the city of Twin Falls.

As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 99,604. According to 2016 estimates, the population grew 6.93% to 106,508.
Leptogium adnatum
Leptogium adnatum is a species of lichen in the family Collemataceae. Found in Cape Horn, the southernmost point of South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The crust-like thallus of the lichen comprises densely packed, intricately folded, irregular squamules that in some parts form dark greyish-blue lobes that are firmly attached to their rock substrate. The species epithet adnatum refers to this tight attachment. Leptogium adnatum is only known to occur on coastal rocks in the Cape Horn region. The coastal locale is unusual for a species of Leptogium, but the author speculates that the high levels of rainfall that occur in the area dilutes the salt concentration sufficiently to make the climate more amenable to the growth of the lichen.

Leptogium
Leptogium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae. It has about 110 species. Species formerly classified under Leptogium have since been divided among the genera Leptogium, Pseudoleptogium, and Scytinium. Leptogium lichens are predominantly found on tree bark or soil, often among mosses, and sometimes on rocks in moist environments.
Collinsville, Oklahoma
Collinsville is a city in Rogers and Tulsa counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and a part of the Tulsa, Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was named for Dr. A. H. Collins, an engineer and surveyor who first surveyed the land that became this community. The population was 7,881 by the 2020 United States census, a 40.6% increase over the figure of 5,606 according to the 2010 census, which itself was an increase of 37.5 percent over the figure of 4,077 recorded in 2000.

Tulsa County, Oklahoma
Tulsa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 669,279, making it the second-most populous county in the state, behind only Oklahoma County. Its county seat and largest city is Tulsa, the second-largest city in the state. Founded at statehood, in 1907, it was named after the previously established city of Tulsa. Before statehood, the area was part of both the Creek Nation and the Cooweescoowee District of Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory. Tulsa County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan statistical area. Tulsa County is notable for being the most densely populated county in the state. Tulsa County also ranks as having the highest income.
Fenestrida
Fenestrida is an extinct order of bryozoans in the class Stenolaemata.

As of March 2022, Fossilworks included the following families:

†Admiratellidae

†Fenestellidae

†Fenestraliidae

†Polyporidae

†Septoporidae

Other sources consider Fenestrata to be a synonym of Fenestrida, and so include more families.

Fenestellidae
Fenestellidae is a family of bryozoans belonging to the order Fenestrida. The skeleton of its colonies consists of stiff branches that are interconnected by narrower crossbars (or dissepiments). The individuals of the colony (or zooids) inhabit one side of the branches in two parallel rows or two at the branch base and three or more rows further up. Zooids can be recognized as small rimmed pores (or apertures), and in well-preserved specimens the apertures are closed by centrally perforated lids. The front of the branches carries small nodes in a row or zigzag line between the apertures. Branches split (or bifurcate) from time to time giving the colonies a fan-shape or, in the genus Archimedes, create an mesh in the shape of an Archimedes screw.

Like all bryozoans, Fenestellids were epifaunal suspension feeders, that occurred between the early Ordovician and the Triassic. Fossils of this family have been found in marine sediments all over the world.
Territories of Majapahit
According to the Kakawin Nagarakretagama canto XIII and XIV, the following areas are recognized as conquered or subordinate to Majapahit (referred to as mañcanagara). The conquered states in Java were not mentioned because they were still considered part of the royal "mandala".

The names below are based on manuscript sources, both from Majapahit and Malay manuscripts as well as Chinese sources, but little physical evidence remains of an area's recognition of state power.

Included were the kingdoms of Sunda and Madura, because Majapahit claimed the whole of Java. Sunda kingdom became a nominal vassal of Majapahit after the battle of Bubat of 1357, although it can be denied that the discovery of the Horren inscription resulted in a counterattack.

Battle of Bubat
The Battle of Bubat, also known as Pasunda Bubat, is the battle between the Sundanese royal family and the Majapahit army that took place in Bubat Square on the northern part of Trowulan (Majapahit capital city) in 1279 Saka or 1357 CE.
Portsmouth Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of St Thomas of Canterbury, commonly known as Portsmouth Cathedral, is an Anglican cathedral church in the centre of Old Portsmouth in Portsmouth, England. Since 1935 the historic church has been the cathedral of the Diocese of Portsmouth and the seat of the bishop of Portsmouth.

The Anglican cathedral is one of the two cathedral churches in the city, the other being the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St John the Evangelist, Portsmouth, about one mile to the north.

Bishop of Portsmouth (Anglican)
The Bishop of Portsmouth is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Portsmouth in the Province of Canterbury.

The diocese covers south-east Hampshire and the Isle of Wight and has its see in the City of Portsmouth, where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Thomas of Canterbury which was elevated to cathedral status in 1927. The bishop's residence is Bishopsgrove, Fareham.

The office of bishop was created in 1927 when the new diocese was formed from part of the Diocese of Winchester. Jonathan Frost has been the Bishop of Portsmouth since his election was confirmed on 18 January 2022. He was installed as the tenth Bishop of Portsmouth on 12 March 2022.
Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441.

In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.

Nogais
The Nogais (/noʊˈɡaɪ/ noh-GY) are a Turkic people who speak Nogai, a language from the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages. They live in Eastern Europe, the North Caucasus, the Volga region, Central Asia, and Turkey. Most are found in northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia, Chechnya, and Astrakhan Oblast; some also live in Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria), Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and a small Nogai diaspora is found in Syria and Jordan. They speak the Nogai language and are descendants of various Mongolic and Turkic tribes who formed the Nogai Horde. There are nine main groups of Nogais: the Ak Nogai, the Karagash, the Koban-Nogai, the Kundraw-Nogai, the Achikulak-Nogai, the Qara-Nogai, the Utars, the Bug-Nogai, and the Yurt-Nogai.
Tsubata Station
Tsubata Station (津幡駅, Tsubata-eki) is a railway station in the town of Tsubata, Kahoku District, Ishikawa, Japan, jointly operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and the third-sector railway operator IR Ishikawa Railway.

Tsubata, Ishikawa
Tsubata (津幡町, Tsubata-machi) is a town located in Kahoku District, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2018, the town had an estimated population of 37,694 in 13,873 households, and a population density of 430 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 110.59 square kilometres (42.70 sq mi).
Lacchiarella
Lacchiarella (Lombard: La Ciarella [la tʃaˈrɛla]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Milan.

Lacchiarella borders the following municipalities: Zibido San Giacomo, Pieve Emanuele, Basiglio, Binasco, Bornasco, Siziano, Casarile, Vidigulfo, Giussago.

It is served by Villamaggiore railway station.

Vidigulfo
Vidigulfo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 km southeast of Milan and about 15 km northeast of Pavia.

Vidigulfo borders the following municipalities: Bornasco, Ceranova, Lacchiarella, Landriano, Marzano, Siziano, Torrevecchia Pia.
Mount Karthala
Mount Karthala or Karthola (Arabic: القرطالة Al Qirṭālah) is an active volcano and the highest point of the Comoros at 2,361 m (7,746 ft) above sea level. It is the southernmost and larger of the two shield volcanoes forming Grande Comore island, the largest island in the nation of Comoros. The Karthala volcano is very active, having erupted more than 20 times since the 19th century. Frequent eruptions have shaped the volcano's 3 km by 4 km summit caldera, but the island has largely escaped broad destruction. Eruptions on April 17, 2005 and May 29, 2006 ended a period of quiet.

Karthala white-eye
The Karthala white-eye (Zosterops mouroniensis), also known as the Mount Karthala white-eye, Grand Comore white-eye, or Comoro white-eye, is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. As suggested by its name, it is endemic to Philippia heath woodland growing on Mount Karthala on the island of Grand Comore in the Comoros. Mount Karthala is an active volcano and future eruptions pose a serious threat to the Karthala white-eye. The bird is further threatened by human-induced habitat loss.

The bird is approximately 3 centimetres (1.2 in) long with olive upperparts and yellow-green underparts. It has a white ring around the eye. Its diet consists of fruits and insects.
Spring Glen, New York
Spring Glen is a hamlet of the Town of Wawarsing in Ulster County, New York, United States. It is located just off US 209 just north of the Sullivan County line. It sits along the Sandburg Creek and has a direct access point for parking and hiking to the highest point of the Shawangunk Ridge Trail at over 1800 feet. It has the ZIP Code 12483.

New Square, New York
New Square (Yiddish: שיכון סקווירא, romanized: Shikun Skvir) is an all-Hasidic village in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of Hillcrest, east of Viola, south of New Hempstead, and west of New City. As of the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 9,679. Its inhabitants are predominantly members of the Skverer Hasidic movement who seek to maintain a Hasidic lifestyle disconnected from the secular world. It is the poorest town (measured by median income) in New York, and the eighth poorest in the United States. It also has the highest poverty rate, at 64.4%.
Milton Keynes Thunder
The Milton Keynes Thunder are an ice hockey team from Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, they are known stylistically as Thunder. The team currently competes in the Wilkinson Conference, of the National Ice Hockey League Division 2 South (the forth tier of English National Ice Hockey). The team was founded in 2001 predominantly to provide competitive hockey and further development opportunities for players leaving the Milton Keynes Junior Ice Hockey system. Their home rink is the refurbished and renamed Planet Ice Arena, known locally as the Thunderdome. It has a capacity of circa 2,500.

Planet Ice Milton Keynes
Planet Ice Milton Keynes (formerly known as Bladerunner Arena) is a 2,800-capacity multi-purpose hockey rink operated by Planet Ice in Milton Keynes, England, as part of the Leisure Plaza complex (near the Central station).
Chaturbhuja
Chaturbhuja (Sanskrit: चतुर्भुज, romanized: Caturbhuja, lit. 'four-armed') is a concept in Hindu iconography in which a deity is depicted with four arms. Several Hindu deities are often portrayed with four arms in their iconography, featured in Hindu literature. The iconography of four arms is regarded to symbolise divinity and power, as well as dominion over the four quarters of the universe.

Chaturbhuja is also primarily employed as an epithet for the preserver deity, Vishnu.

Hindu iconography
Over the millennia of its development, Hinduism has adopted several iconic symbols, forming part of  Hindu iconography, that are imbued with spiritual meaning based on either the scriptures or cultural traditions. The exact significance accorded to any of the icons varies with region, period and denomination of the followers. Over time some of the symbols, for instance the Swastika has come to have wider association while others like Om are recognized as unique representations of Hinduism. Other aspects of Hindu iconography are covered by the terms murti, for icons and mudra for gestures and positions of the hands and body.
Lucas County Courthouse (Iowa)
The Lucas County Courthouse located in Chariton, Iowa, United States, was built in 1893. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. In 2014 it was included as a contributing property in the Lucas County Courthouse Square Historic District. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.

Chariton, Iowa
Chariton (/ˈʃɛərɪtən/ SHAIR-it-ən) is a city in and the county seat of Lucas County, Iowa, United States. The population was 4,193 at the 2020 census. Chariton is the primary distribution center for and the former corporate headquarters of the Hy-Vee supermarket chain.
Le Mans FC
Le Mans Football Club (French pronunciation: [ləmɑ̃]; commonly referred to as Le Mans FC) is a French professional football club based in Le Mans. The club competes in Ligue 2 from 2025–26, the second tier of French football after promotion from Championnat National in 2024–25. The club was founded in 1985 as a result of a merger under the name Le Mans Union Club 72 (abbreviated as MUC 72). In 2010, Le Mans changed its name to Le Mans FC to coincide with the re-modeling of the club, which includes moving into a new stadium, the Stade Marie-Marvingt, which opened in January 2011. The stadium is based in the interior of the Circuit de la Sarthe, a famous circuit in the city.

The club were controversially relegated from 2019–20 Ligue 2 when the season was terminated early due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Stade Marie-Marvingt
The Stade Marie-Marvingt (previously MMArena) is a multi-use stadium in Le Mans, France, that opened in January 2011. It is used mostly for football matches and hosted the home matches of Le Mans FC. The stadium has a capacity of 25,064 people. It replaced the Stade Léon-Bollée as the club's stadium.

The arena is located inside the Circuit de la Sarthe, home of the famous 24 Hours of Le Mans, and adjacent the first right kink on the Mulsanne Straight.
Tagliaferri
Tagliaferri is an Italian surname, a plural or patronymic form of Tagliaferro (lit. 'iron cutter'). Notable people with the surname include:

Ernesto Tagliaferri (1889–1937), Italian musician

Frankie Tagliaferri (born 1999), American soccer player

Guadalupe Tagliaferri (born 1974), Argentine politician

John Tagliaferri (born 1964), American football retired player

Liliana Tagliaferri (born 1928), Italian retired sprinter

Mario Tagliaferri (1927–1999), Italian prelate

Tommaso Tagliaferri (born 1982), Italian snowboarder

Peter Tagliaferri (born 1960), Australian politician

Ugo Tagliaferri, Italian amateur astronomer

Tagliaferro
Tagliaferro (pronounced [ˌtaʎʎaˈfɛrro], lit. 'Iron Cutter') is an Italian occupational surname which is most prevalent in the regions of Veneto, Piedmont and Lombardy and is also to be found among the Argentine, Brazilian, Venezuelan and (predominantly in its spelling variant Taliaferro) the American Italian diaspora. The name is related to the French name Taillefer with similar derivation.

Notable people with the surname include:

Al Taliaferro (originally Tagliaferro; 1905–1969), American comics artist

Magda Tagliaferro (1893–1986), Brazilian pianist

Marta Tagliaferro (born 1989), Italian track and road racing cyclist
Diocese of Grand Island
The Diocese of Grand Island (Latin: Dioecesis Insulae Grandis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northwestern and central Nebraska in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Omaha. Its Cathedral is the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Grand Island. Joseph G. Hanefeldt has been bishop since March 19, 2015.

Stanislaus Vincent Bona
Stanislaus Vincent Bona (October 1, 1888 – December 1, 1967) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Grand Island in Nebraska (1932–1944) and bishop of the Diocese of Green Bay in Wisconsin (1945–1967).
Aronda Kirby
Aronda Kirby was appointed as the general manager of the Boston Blades in the Canadian Women's Hockey League in May 2013. Along with former Blades head coach Digit Murphy, the two are co-founders of United Women's Sports.

Digit Murphy
Margaret Pearl "Digit" Murphy (née Degidio; born December 7, 1961) is an American ice hockey coach, administrator, and former college ice hockey player. She is president of the Metropolitan Riveters of the Premier Hockey Federation (PHF).

Murphy has served as head coach of the Boston Blades, with whom she won two Clarkson Cups, and Kunlun Red Star WIH in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL). She served as both head coach and president of the Toronto Six in the NWHL during the team’s inaugural season. Prior to joining the Blades, she was the head coach of the Brown Bears women's ice hockey program. She became the winningest coach in NCAA Division I women's ice hockey history during her 18th season at Brown (2006–07). She finished her NCAA coaching career with 318 wins.
Christian Heljanko
Christian Heljanko (born 2 April 1997) is a Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender for Tappara of the Finnish Liiga. Heljanko made his Liiga debut appearance for Tappara during the 2017–18 Liiga season. In December 2021, he made his debut in the Finland men's national ice hockey team.

Tappara
Tappara (pronounced [ˈtɑpːɑrɑ]; Finnish for "Battle axe") is a Finnish professional ice hockey team playing in the SM-liiga. They play at Nokia Arena in Tampere, Finland. The team has won 20 Finnish league championships, which makes them the most successful club in Finland. The team continued the traditions of the Tammerfors Bollklub.
Hol, Tjeldsund
Hol (Norwegian) or Hovllák (Northern Sami) is a village in Tjeldsund Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The village is located along the Tjeldsundet strait on the northeastern shore of the island of Tjeldøya. The village lies about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the Ramsund Bridge. Tjeldsund Church is located in this village.

The village was the administrative centre of Tjeldsund Municipality until 1 January 2020 when Tjeldsund Municipality and Skånland Municipality merged and the larger village of Evenskjer was chosen to be the new administrative centre of the newly enlarged municipality.

Tjeldsund Church
Tjeldsund Church (Norwegian: Tjeldsund kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Tjeldsund Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Hol i Tjeldsund on the island of Tjeldøya. It is the main church for the Tjeldsund parish which is part of the Trondenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1901 using plans drawn up by the architect Ole Scheistrøen. The church seats about 420 people.
Thao language
Thao (/θaʊ/; endonym: Thau a lalawa), also known as Sao, is an Austronesian language. It is the nearly extinct language of the Thao people, an indigenous people of Taiwan from the Sun Moon Lake region in central Taiwan. It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family; Barawbaw and Shtafari are dialects.

Robert Blust
Robert Andrew Blust (/blʌst/; Chinese: 白樂思; pinyin: Bái Lèsī; May 9, 1940 – January 5, 2022) was an American linguist who worked in several areas, including historical linguistics, lexicography and ethnology. He was Professor of Linguistics at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Blust specialized in the Austronesian languages and made major contributions to the field of Austronesian linguistics.
Jacques Delors Institute
Notre Europe - Jacques Delors Institute (French: Notre Europe - Institut Jacques Delors), formerly Notre Europe (lit. 'Our Europe'), is an independent think tank based in Paris. Founded in 1996 by Jacques Delors, it aims to "think a united Europe." Enrico Letta currently serves as president of the Jacques Delors Institute, while Sylvie Matelly is its director.

The Institute was ranked 22nd among the 'Top Think Tanks in Western Europe' in the 2019 Global Go To Think Tank Report of the University of Pennsylvania, making it in third place among think tanks based in France.

The Jacques Delors Institute is part of the Jacques Delors Think Tanks Network, which also includes the Jacques Delors Centre in Berlin and Europe Jacques Delors in Brussels.

Jacques Delors Think Tanks Network
The Jacques Delors Think Tanks Network is a group of three mutually independent but related think tanks based respectively in Paris, Berlin and Brussels: by chronological order of establishment, the Jacques Delors Institute (JDI, est. 1996 under the name Notre Europe and renamed in 2012), Jacques Delors Centre (JDC, est. 2019); and Europe Jacques Delors (EJD, est. 2020). They self-describe as "three sisters", all named after European statesman Jacques Delors.