hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation Secure Tomorrow
Operation Secure Tomorrow was a military operation that took place in Haiti from February to July 2004. After a government collapse in Haiti and the resignation of President Jean Bertrand Aristide, the United States invaded Haiti to police the country and stabilize it. A multinational force composed of the United States, Chile, Canada, and France was deployed in accordance with UN Resolution 1529.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1529
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1529, adopted unanimously on 29 February 2004, after expressing concern about the situation in Haiti, the council authorised the deployment of an international force to the country to stabilise the situation following a coup d'état that resulted in the removal of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide from office.
Adriano Hernández
Adriano Hernández y Dayot (Spanish: [aðɾiˈano eɾˈnandes i daˈjot] ⓘ; September 8, 1870 – February 16, 1925) was a Filipino revolutionary, patriot, and military strategist during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War.

Federal State of the Visayas
The Federal State of the Visayas (Spanish: Estado Federal de Visayas, Hiligaynon: Pederal nga Estado sang Visayas, Cebuano: Pederal nga Estado sa Visayas, Filipino: Pederal na Estado ng Visayas) was a revolutionary state in the Philippine archipelago during the revolutionary period. It was a proposed administrative unit of the Philippines under a federal form of government.
Maynard Dixon
Maynard Dixon (January 24, 1875 – November 11, 1946) was an American artist. He was known for his paintings, and his body of work focused on the American West. Dixon is considered one of the finest artists having dedicated most of their art to the U.S. Southwestern cultures and landscapes at the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. He was often called "The Last Cowboy in San Francisco."

Through his work with the Galerie Beaux Arts, a cooperative gallery in San Francisco, Dixon played a pivotal role ensuring the West Coast supported the work of local, modern artists. He was married for a time to photographer Dorothea Lange, and later to painter Edith Hamlin.

Maynard and Edith Hamlin Dixon House and Studio
The Maynard and Edith Hamlin Dixon House and Studio is a residence and former painting studio in Mount Carmel, Utah. Maynard Dixon was a prominent artist in the 1920s through 1940s who is best known for his landscape paintings of the American West. He moved to Mount Carmel in 1939 shortly after marrying Edith Hamlin, a muralist from San Francisco, California. The Dixons spent their summers in the home and wintered in Tucson, Arizona. Maynard Dixon died in 1946, and Edith brought his ashes back to his Mt. Carmel home. Shortly afterward, Edith ordered the construction of a painting studio on the lot, where she created several of her notable works. Edith Dixon sold the home in 1963 to watercolor artist Milford Zornes, who occasionally used the studio. The property is on the National Register of Historic Places and is open to the public.
Goulding, Florida
Goulding is a census-designated place (CDP) in Escambia County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,392 at the 2020 census, down from 4,102 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Pensacola–Ferry Pass–Brent, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Escambia County, Florida
Escambia County is the westernmost and oldest county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 321,905. The county seat and largest city is Pensacola. Escambia County is included within the Pensacola Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county population has steadily increased as the City of Pensacola and its surrounding bedroom communities continue to grow with residential and commercial development. The county is part of the Northwest Florida region of the state.
Haptoglobin
Haptoglobin (abbreviated as Hp) is the protein that in humans is encoded by the HP gene. In blood plasma, haptoglobin binds with high affinity to free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes, and thereby inhibits its deleterious oxidative activity. Compared to Hp, hemopexin binds to free heme. The haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex will then be removed by the reticuloendothelial system (mostly the spleen).

In clinical settings, the haptoglobin assay is used to screen for and monitor intravascular hemolytic anemia. In intravascular hemolysis, free hemoglobin will be released into circulation and hence haptoglobin will bind the hemoglobin. This causes a decline in haptoglobin levels.

The protein was discovered as a "plasma substance" in 1938 by French biochemists Max-Fernand Jayle and Michel Polonovski.

Hemolysis
Hemolysis or haemolysis (/hiːˈmɒlɪsɪs/), also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo or in vitro.

One cause of hemolysis is the action of hemolysins, toxins that are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another cause is intense physical exercise. Hemolysins damage the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death.
Sæbøvik
Sæbøvik is a village in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the narrow, western part of the island of Halsnøya, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west of the village of Høylandsbygda and immediately east of the village of Eidsvik. The village is located at the southern end of the Halsnøy Tunnel.

The 0.66-square-kilometre (160-acre) village has a population (2025) of 554 and a population density of 839 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,170/sq mi). This makes it the largest urban area on the island, followed by the neighboring village of Eidsvik.

Halsnøya
Halsnøya is an island in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 38-square-kilometre (15 sq mi) island lies between the Hardangerfjorden and Skånevikfjorden. The island has about 2,600 inhabitants (2024) and it is the most populated island in Kvinnherad Municipality. Prior to 2008, it was the most populated island in Norway without a direct connection to land, but the Halsnøy Tunnel opened that year, finally connecting it to the mainland by road. There is a regular ferry connection from southern Halsnøya to the neighboring islands of Fjelbergøya and Borgundøya, located just south of Halsnøya.
Poems for the Hazara
Poems for the Hazara is a multilingual poetry anthology and a collaborative poem composed of the works of 125 internationally recognized poets from sixty-eight countries. Poems in this book are in English, Spanish, Catalan, Japanese, Norwegian, Turkish, Hazaragi, Italian, Greek, German, Irish, Hebrew, Romanian, French, Armenian, Hungarian and Portuguese. All non-English poems have been translated into English. The book includes the poetry anthology and a collaborative poem featuring contributions from 23 international poets. An open letter from 354 celebrated poets including Nobel, Pulitzer, continental and national literary prize winners, and presidents of PEN clubs and writers' associations from 97 countries is included at the end. This letter is addressed to world leaders in support of the Hazara people. The executive editor is Hazara poet, journalist and human rights activist, Kamran Mir Hazar.

Collaborative poetry
Collaborative or collective poetry is an alternative and creative technique for writing poetry by more than one person. The principal aim of collaborative poetry is to create poems with multiple collaborations from various authors. In a common example of collaborative poetry, there may be numerous authors working in conjunction with one another to try to form a unified voice that can still maintain their individual voices.
Fassifern Valley
Fassifern Valley is a valley of the Scenic Rim in South East Queensland. Towns found in the valley include Harrisville, Kalbar, Roadvale, Warril View and Aratula. Fassifern Valley is known as a carrot-producing area, as well as for growing potatoes, onions, pumpkins and melons.  It is one of four vegetable-producing regions in southern Queensland, the others being the Lockyer Valley, the eastern Darling Downs and the Granite Belt.

The Cunningham Highway passes through the town of Aratula and along ridges in the upper valley towards Cunninghams Gap, Mount Mitchell and parts of the Main Range National Park. The Moogerah Peaks are a series of mountain peaks in the southeast of the catchment.

To the east lies the valleys of the Logan River. Further to the west is the dry catchment of Laidley Creek and Lockyer Creek in the Lockyer Valley while Amberley is located just to the north of the valley.

Kalbar, Queensland
Kalbar (formerly Fassifern Scrub and Engelsburg / Engelsberg) is a rural town and locality in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Kalbar had a population of 1,246 people.

In 1916 during World War I, Engelsburg was renamed Kalbar due to anti-German sentiment.
1939 International Lawn Tennis Challenge America Zone
The America Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1939 International Lawn Tennis Challenge.

7 teams entered the America Zone: 6 teams entered the North & Central America Zone, while 1 team entered the South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone would play against each other to determine who moved to the Inter-Zonal Final to compete against the winner of the Europe Zone.

Australia defeated Cuba in the North & Central America Zone final, and then received a walkover in the Americas Inter-Zonal final after Brazil, the only team in the South America Zone, withdrew. Australia went on to face Yugoslavia in the Inter-Zonal Final.

1939 International Lawn Tennis Challenge Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1939 International Lawn Tennis Challenge.

20 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the America Zone. Yugoslavia defeated Germany in the final, and went on to face Australia in the Inter-Zonal Final.
National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)
National Highway 6 & Economic Corridor 1 (EC1) (commonly referred to as NH6), was a National Highway in India that has been separately designated under the new national highway numbering system. It was officially listed as running over 2,002 km (1,244 mi) from Surat to Kolkata. The route was also known as Asian Highway 46 (AH46) & Mumbai - Kolkata Highway  and Great Eastern Highway.

NH6 ran through Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand and West Bengal state in India.  The highway passed through the cities of Surat, Dhule, Jalgaon, Bhusaval, Khamgaon, Akola, Amravati, Nagpur, Bhandara, Gondia, Amgaon, Dongargarh, Rajnandgaon, Durg, Raipur, Mahasamund, Bargarh, Sambalpur, Kharagpur, Kolkata.

AH46
Asian Highway 46 (AH46)  is a route of the Asian Highway Network within India, from Kolkata in West Bengal to Surat in Gujarat. The route is part of old National Highway 6.

This highway connects Surat-Bardoli-Dhule-Jalgaon-Akola-Amravati-Nagpur-Bhandara-Durg-Bhilai-Raipur-Saraipali-Bargarh-Sambalpur-Debagarh-Kendujhar-Baharagora-Kharagpur-Kolkata.
Boeing Satellite Development Center
33°55′47″N 118°23′30″W﻿ / ﻿33.9296521°N 118.3917403°W﻿ / 33.9296521; -118.3917403

The Boeing Satellite Development Center is a major business unit of Boeing Defense, Space & Security. It brought together Boeing satellite operations with that of GM Hughes Electronics' Space and Communications division in El Segundo, California.

SkyTerra
SkyTerra (SKYT), formerly Mobile Satellite Ventures (MSV or MSVLP), was a Reston, Virginia company that developed telecommunications systems that integrate satellite and terrestrial radio communication technologies into one system. In March 2010, the company was acquired by Harbinger Capital Partners and under the leadership of CEO Sanjiv Ahuja became part of a new company called LightSquared. The company placed its first satellite, SkyTerra-1, in orbit on November 14, 2010. LightSquared has since then went bankrupt and emerged from bankruptcy as Ligado Networks.
Kiyi
The kiyi (Coregonus kiyi) is a species of freshwater whitefish, a deepwater cisco, endemic to the Great Lakes of North America. It previously inhabited Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron and Lake Ontario, but is now believed to persist only in Lake Superior where it is common. The various deepwater ciscos are also called chubs (not to be confused with the various species of Cyprinidae also called chubs). The kiyi is part of the large group of related northern ciscos known as the Coregonus artedi complex.

Coregonus artedi
Coregonus artedi, commonly known as the cisco, is a North American species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. The number of species and definition of species limits in North American ciscoes is a matter of debate. Accordingly, Coregonus artedi may refer either in a narrow sense to one of the several types of cisco found e.g. in the Great Lakes, or in a broad sense to the complex of all ciscoes in continental North American lakes, Coregonus artedi sensu lato.
Olive-backed pipit
The olive-backed pipit (Anthus hodgsoni) is a small passerine bird of the pipit (Anthus) genus, which breeds across southern, north central and eastern Asia, as well as in the north-eastern European Russia. It is a long-distance migrant moving in winter to southern Asia and Indonesia. Sometimes it is also called Indian pipit or Hodgson's pipit, as well as tree pipit owing to its resemblance with the tree pipit. However, its back is more olive-toned and less streaked than that species, and its head pattern is different with a better-marked supercilium.

The genus name Anthus is from Latin and is the name for a small bird of grasslands. The specific hodgsoni commemorates English diplomat and collector Brian Houghton Hodgson.

Pipit
The pipits are a cosmopolitan genus, Anthus, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Along with the wagtails and longclaws, the pipits make up the family Motacillidae. The genus is widespread, occurring across most of the world, except the driest deserts, rainforest and the mainland of Antarctica.

They are slender, often drab, ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Like their relatives in the family, the pipits are monogamous and territorial. Pipits are ground nesters, laying up to six speckled eggs.
Nordkrone
Nordkrone (Danish: Nordkronen, meaning "Northern Crown") is a mountainous area in Peary Land, Northern Greenland. Administratively it is part of the Northeast Greenland National Park.

Fossils dating back to the Silurian have been found in the area of the range. They belong to the Nordkronen Formation of the Peary Land Group.

Peary Land
Peary Land is a peninsula in northern Greenland, extending into the Arctic Ocean. It reaches from Victoria Fjord in the west to Independence Fjord in the south and southeast, and to the Arctic Ocean in the north, with Cape Morris Jesup, the northernmost point of Greenland's mainland, and Cape Bridgman in the northeast.
People's Party (Montenegro, 1906)
The People's Party (Serbian: Народна странка, romanized: Narodna stranka, abbr. НС/ NS), also known as the Klubaši or the Narodnjaci, was a political party in the Principality of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Montenegro. The party represented the opposition to King Nikola I. The People's Party main political goal was the dethroning of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty and the unification of Montenegro and Serbia. The founder of the party was Šako Petrović-Njegoš, Nikola I's cousin, other notable founding members of the party included Andrija Radović, Marko Radulović and Mihailo Ivanović. As a response to the formation of the People's Party in 1907, Petrović-Njegoš dynasty loyalists organised themselves into the True People's Party, also known as the Rightists.

Principality of Montenegro
The Principality of Montenegro (Serbian: Књажевина Црна Горa / Knjaževina Crna Gora) was a principality in Southeastern Europe that existed from 13 March 1852 to 28 August 1910. It was then proclaimed a kingdom by Nikola I, who then became King of Montenegro.

The capital was Cetinje and the Montenegrin perper was used as the state currency from 1906. The territory corresponded to the central area of modern-day Montenegro. It officially was a constitutional monarchy.
Homestead Farm at Oak Ridge
The Homestead Farm at Oak Ridge is a historic house and grounds located in Oak Ridge Park in the township of Clark in Union County, New Jersey and extending into the township of Edison in Middlesex County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 25, 1995, for its significance in architecture, exploration/settlement, law, military history, and politics/government. In addition to the building, the listing includes three contributing sites and one contributing object.

Clark, New Jersey
Clark is a township in southern Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 15,544, an increase of 788 (+5.3%) from the 2010 census count of 14,756, which in turn reflected an increase of 159 (+1.1%) from the 14,597 counted in the 2000 census.
Agnes of Bavaria, Margravine of Brandenburg
Agnes of Bavaria (1276–1345) was daughter of Duke Louis II of Upper Bavaria and his third wife, Matilda of Habsburg.

In 1290, in Donauwörth, she married Henry "the Younger" of Hesse (1265 – 23 August 1298), a son of Landgrave Henry I of Hesse (1244–1308). They had at least one child:

Agnes, married to Gerlach I, Count of Nassau (c. 1285–1361).

In 1303, she remarried to Margrave Henry I of Brandenburg-Stendal (1256–1318).  From her second marriage, she had three children:

Henry II "the Child" (1308–1320).

Sophia (1300–1356), heiress of Landsberg and the County Palatine of Saxony, married in 1327 to Duke Magnus of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1304–1369).

Judith/Jutta (b.1302–b.1330), married in 1318 to Duke Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b.1296–a.1351).

Louis II, Duke of Bavaria
Louis the Strict (German: Ludwig der Strenge) (13 April 1229 – 2 February 1294) was Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1253. He is known as Louis II or Louis VI following an alternative numbering.  Born in Heidelberg, he was a son of Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria and Agnes of the Palatinate.
Alternative DNS root
The Internet uses the Domain Name System (DNS) to associate numeric computer IP addresses with human-readable names. The top level of the domain name hierarchy, the DNS root, contains the top-level domains that appear as the suffixes of all Internet domain names. The most widely used (and first) DNS root is administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). In addition, several organizations operate alternative DNS roots, often referred to as alt roots. These alternative domain name systems operate their own root name servers and commonly administer their own specific name spaces consisting of custom top-level domains.

The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has spoken out strongly against alternative roots in RFC 2826.

Root name server
A root name server is a name server for the root zone of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. It directly answers requests for records in the root zone and answers other requests by returning a list of the authoritative name servers for the appropriate top-level domain (TLD). The root name servers are a critical part of the Internet infrastructure because they are the first step in resolving human-readable host names into IP addresses that are used in communication between Internet hosts.

A combination of limits in the DNS and certain protocols, namely the practical size of unfragmented User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets, resulted in a decision to limit the number of root servers to thirteen server addresses. However, enabled by the use of anycast addressing, the actual number of root server instances—1954—is much larger, as of December 5, 2025.
Eduard Alver
Eduard Alver (15 March 1886, in Valga – 15 August 1939, in Tallinn) was an Estonian lawyer, policeman, politician, and commander of the Estonian Defence League (Kaitseliit) during the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence.

From 1906 to 1911, Alver studied medicine at the University of Vienna. He also studied law at the University of Tartu, and received his master's degree in law at Moscow University. From 4 April 1919 to 24 October 1919, he was the commander of the Estonian Defence League. From 1935 until 1936, he was the executive director of Eesti Kultuurfilm. Alver died in 1939 and was buried in Liiva Cemetery in Tallinn.

Alver's grandson Siim Kallas and great-granddaughter Kaja Kallas later both became prime minister of Estonia.

Liiva Cemetery
Liiva Cemetery (Estonian: Liiva kalmistu) is a cemetery near Ülemiste Lake, Tallinn, Estonia. Its area is 65 ha.

The cemetery was opened in 1935. The cemetery's chapel was also opened in 1935. The chapel was designed by Herbert Johanson. The first burial was politician Hans Martinson.
Hyundai Gamma engine
The Hyundai Gamma engine was introduced in 2006 to replace the existing Hyundai Alpha engine. There are 1.4 L and 1.6 L versions of this engine.

Being a development from the Alpha II engine, significant changes include the aluminum construction of the block and cylinder head, resulting in a 15 kg weight reduction to just under 100 kg, and the use of a timing chain instead of belt. It is also the first offset crankshaft engine developed by Hyundai.

Production takes place in Shandong, (China, by Hyundai WIA), Žilina (Slovakia), Hwaseong (South Korea) and Irungattukottai (India).

Hyundai Tucson
The Hyundai Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/; Korean: 현대 투싼) is a compact crossover SUV produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai. It is named after the city of Tucson, Arizona, U.S.

The second-generation model was marketed as the Hyundai ix35 in several markets, including Europe, Australia and China, before reverting to Tucson for the third-generation. Since its first-generation, the Tucson has been developed alongside the Kia Sportage, sharing platforms and engines.

The Tucson is the best-selling Hyundai model, with more than 7 million units sold globally since it launched in 2004. Of these, 1.4 million units have been sold in Europe.
Kolonna Eterna
Kolonna Eterna (English: Eternal Column), also known as the Millennium Monument, is a 21st-century monumental column in San Gwann, Malta. The column is an abstract art designed by Paul Vella Critien, a Maltese local artist that achieved his studies and experience in Italy and Australia.

The monument is a commemoration of the new (third) millennium as part of an initiative by the San Gwann Local Council. The monument was inaugurated in 2003 by the Prime Minister of Malta Eddie Fenech Adami. The monument came to the national attention because it was largely described as having a phallic appearance. The monument is found in front of Santa Margerita Chapel.

Santa Margerita Chapel
Santa Margerita Chapel (English: Saint Margaret Chapel), also known as Arar Chapel, is a 16th century chapel in San Gwann, Malta. The chapel was built for the farmers working the surrounding fields. At the time, attacks from the sea were common.

The chapel was partially damaged during World War II, with serious damage but large portions surviving. Today the church is a landmark in San Gwann, in architectural contrast with the modern housing of the area.