hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
.41 Short
The .41 Short Rimfire, also known as the .41 Short, was first introduced by the National Arms Company in 1863.

The .41 Short Rimfire was created with the intention that it be used in a small, single-shot derringer, which likely is the reason for the very low ballistics (most derringers were and are chambered for cartridges that were not originally intended to be used in such a small weapon).  Remington Arms began producing their famous Remington Model 95 over/under double barrel derringer chambered for the .41 Short Rimfire in 1866.

In 1873, the slightly more powerful .41 Long (rimfire) and the .41 Short Colt (centerfire) was introduced in the Colt New Line pocket revolver.

Remington Model 95
The Remington Model 95 is a double-barrel pocket pistol commonly recognized as a Derringer. The design was little changed during a production run of nearly 70 years through several financial reorganizations of the manufacturer causing repeating serial number sequences. Guns were offered with engraving or plain blued or nickel-plated finish with grips of metal, walnut, rosewood, hard rubber, ivory or pearl.
Meyer Solomon
Michael (Meyer) Solomon was a successful Bishopsgate manufacturer, and was one of the first Jews to be admitted to the freedom of the City of London.

Solomon's family arrived in England from Europe, possibly Holland or Germany, sometime at the end of the eighteenth century.
His wife's name was Catherine (Kate) Levy, and he was the father of eight children. Three of these—Abraham, Rebecca, and Simeon—became notable painters, their other children were named Aaron, Betsy, Isaac, Ellen, and Sylvester.

Solomon lived in a well established Jewish community in No. 3 Sandys Street, Bishopsgate, London, and his considerable wealth allowed him to be accepted by London society while maintaining their heritage. His business concern was as a manufacturer of Leghorn hats.

Solomon was a freemason, having joined the Premier Grand Lodge of England.

Simeon Solomon
Simeon Solomon (9 October 1840 – 14 August 1905) was a British painter associated with the Pre-Raphaelites who was noted for his depictions of Jewish life and same-sex desire.  His career was cut short as a result of public scandal following his arrests and convictions for attempted sodomy in 1873 and 1874.
Bull Terrier
The Bull Terrier is a breed of dog in the terrier family. There is also a miniature version of this breed, the Miniature Bull Terrier.  This breed originates in England, where the bull and terrier breeds were originally bred for vermin control and bloodsports. In the mid-19th century, James Hinks began breeding the bull and terriers with English White Terriers, eventually resulting in the modern breed. The Bull Terrier has a distinctive 'egg-shaped' head, triangular eyes, and a robust body.

Bull Terriers have a slightly below average lifespan. White bull terriers have a strong tendency towards deafness, and may also inherit lethal acrodermatitis.

Terrier
Terrier (from Latin  terra 'earth') is a type of dog originally bred to hunt vermin. A terrier is a dog of any one of many breeds or landraces of the terrier type, which are typically small, wiry, game, and fearless.  There are five different groups of terrier, with each group having different shapes and sizes.
Porto Inglês
Porto Inglês (Portuguese for "English port", also: Cidade do Maio, Vila do Maio) is a city in the southwestern part of the island of Maio in southeastern Cape Verde. It is the main urban settlement of the island, and also seat of the Maio Municipality. Its population was 2,971 in 2010. The name Porto Inglês refers to English ships that exported salt produced on the island of Maio from this town. Salt exploitation continued until the 19th century. The inconclusive Battle of Maio was fought between British and French frigate squadrons close to the town on 23 January 1814 in the last stages of the Napoleonic Wars.

The port of Porto Inglês has ferry services to Praia on the island of Santiago. It is also a member port of the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH).The domestic Maio Airport lies 1 km north of the city.

Landmarks:

Forte de São José and its adjacent lighthouse

The Nossa Senhora da Luz (Our Lady of Light) church, opened in 1872

Salinas of the English Port

Porto Inglês salt flats
Porto Inglês salt flats (Portuguese: Salinas do Porto Inglês) is a saline wetland in the southwestern part of the island of Maio, Cape Verde, northwest of the city Porto Inglês. It is a 5.34 km2 (2.06 sq mi) protected area (Paisagem Protegida das Salinas do Porto Inglês) and a Ramsar site. It encompasses ecological, landscape, historical and cultural values. The site is frequented by species of birds of conservation interest, some of them protected by national laws and international conventions, and some endemic to the archipelago.
Sibrandabuorren
Sibrandabuorren (Dutch: Sijbrandaburen [ˌsɛibrɑndaːˈbyːrə(n)]) is a village in Súdwest-Fryslân municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 365 in January 2017.

Súdwest-Fryslân
Súdwest-Fryslân (West Frisian pronunciation: [ˈsytʋɛst ˈfrislɔ̃ːn]; lit. 'Southwest Friesland') is a municipality in the northern Netherlands, located in the province of Friesland. It had a population of 89,999 in January 2021. Sneek is the municipal seat. With a total area of 841.56 km2, Southwest-Friesland is the largest municipality by area in the Netherlands.
Berke–Hulegu war
The Berke–Hulegu war was fought between two Mongol leaders, Berke Khan of the Golden Horde and Hulegu Khan of the Ilkhanate. It was fought mostly in the Caucasus Mountains area in the 1260s after the destruction of Baghdad in 1258. The war overlaps with the Toluid Civil War in the Mongol Empire between two members of the Tolui family line, Kublai Khan and Ariq Böke, who both claimed the title of Great Khan (Khagan). Kublai allied with Hulegu, while Ariq Böke sided with Berke. Hulegu headed to Mongolia for the election of a new Khagan to succeed Möngke Khan, but the loss of the Battle of Ain Jalut to the Mamluks forced him to withdraw back to the Middle East. The Mamluk victory emboldened Berke to invade the Ilkhanate. The Berke–Hulegu war and the Toluid Civil War as well as the subsequent Kaidu–Kublai war marked a key moment in the fragmentation of the Mongol empire after the death of Möngke, the fourth khan of the Mongol Empire.

Nogai Khan
Nogai, or Noğay (Kypchak and Turki: نوغای; also spelled Nogay, Nogaj, Nohai, Nokhai, Noqai, Ngoche, Noche, Kara Nokhai, and Isa Nogai; died 1299/1300) was a general and kingmaker of the Golden Horde. His great grandfather was Jochi, son of Genghis Khan.

Though he never formally ruled the Golden Horde himself, he was effectively the co-ruler of the state alongside whatever khan was in power at the time and had unrestricted control over the portions west of the Dnieper. At his height, Nogai was one of the most powerful men in Europe and widely thought of as the Horde's true head. The Russian chroniclers gave him the title of tsar, while the Franciscan missionaries in the Crimea spoke of him as a co-emperor. Nogai was also a notable convert to Islam.
Porsanger Peninsula
The Porsanger Peninsula (Norwegian: Porsangerhalvøya) is a peninsula in Finnmark county, Norway.  The large peninsula sits between the Altafjorden and the Porsangerfjorden and includes parts of the municipalities of Alta, Hammerfest, Måsøy, Nordkapp, and Porsanger.  Stabbursdalen National Park lies on the southern end of the peninsula.

The landscape of the Porsanger peninsula consists mainly of a treeless plain, a continuation of the Finnmarksvidda plateau to the south. A number of fjords cut into the peninsula, of which the largest are the Repparfjorden, Revsbotn, and Snefjorden from the west and the Kobbefjorden from the north. The European route E06 highway runs north through the peninsula.

Repparfjorden
Repparfjorden is a fjord in Hammerfest Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It has a length of about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi), and cuts into Porsangerhalvøya from the west, southeast of the island of Kvaløya.

Ocean dumping of mining waste, has not started (as of 2026). A copper mine is being built next to the fjord; a tunnel system reaches 800 m into the hillside; the copper is 1.7 km into the hillside.
Wacky Packages
Wacky Packages are a series of humorous trading cards featuring parodies of consumer products. The cards were produced by Topps beginning in 1967, first in die-cut, then in peel-and-stick sticker format. There were 16 series produced between 1973 and 1977, with some reprints and several new series released up to the present day.

At the height of their popularity from 1973 to 1975, Wacky Packages were the best-selling Topps product, even more popular than Topps baseball cards, when they were by far the most sold trading card items in the United States.

Relying on the talents of such cartoonists and comics artists as Kim Deitch, George Evans, Drew Friedman, Bill Griffith, Jay Lynch, Norman Saunders, Art Spiegelman, Bhob Stewart and Tom Sutton, the cards spoofed well-known brands and packaging.

Sticker
A sticker is a type of  label: a piece of printed paper, plastic, vinyl, or other material with temporary or permanent pressure sensitive adhesive on one side. It can be used for decoration or for functional purposes, depending on the situation.

Stickers can come in many different shapes and sizes and also vary widely in color and design. They are often adhered to items such as lunchboxes, paper, lockers, notebooks, walls, cars, windows, used as name tags, and so on.

The term "sticker price" refers to the historic practice of adhering a large sticker to the window of a new car listing its base price, options, shipping charges, etc. (from which a discount was often negotiated).
Marche-les-Dames
Marche-les-Dames (French pronunciation: [maʁʃ le dam]; Walloon: Måtche-les-Dames) is a sub-municipality of the city of Namur located in the province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Namur.

It is located downstream of the Sambre confluence, on the left bank of the Meuse river. Because of the high cliffs this place is popular with rock climbers.

Namur
Namur (French: [namyʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Nameur; Dutch: Namen [ˈnaːmə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium. It is the capital both of the province of Namur and of Wallonia, hosting the Parliament of Wallonia, the Government of Wallonia and its administration.

Namur stands at the confluence of the rivers Sambre and Meuse and straddles three different regions – Hesbaye to the north, Condroz to the south-east, and Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse to the south-west. The city of Charleroi is located to the west. The language spoken is French.

The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Beez, Belgrade, Boninne, Bouge, Champion, Cognelée, Daussoulx, Dave, Erpent, Flawinne, Gelbressée, Jambes, Lives-sur-Meuse, Loyers, Malonne, Marche-les-Dames, Namur proper, Naninne, Saint-Servais, Saint-Marc, Suarlée, Temploux, Vedrin, Wépion, and Wierde.
Texas's 26th congressional district
Texas' 26th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives includes rural Cooke County to the north and some of Wise County to the West and includes parts of Denton County, including Flower Mound, Lewisville and parts of Corinth, Carrollton, Little Elm and The Colony. The current Representative is Brandon Gill.  The district is best known as the seat of former House Majority Leader Dick Armey.

Texas's 12th congressional district
Texas's 12th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives is in the north portion of the state of Texas. As of 2017, the 12th district contained 806,551 people and had a median income of $67,703. It consists of the western half of Tarrant County, as well as most of Parker County. The district also contains Texas Christian University. Fragments of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex are included in the district. The district is currently represented by Republican Craig Goldman, who was elected in 2024.
Tonis puri
Tonis puri (Georgian: თონის პური) is a type of Georgian bread, baked in a specific oven called a tone or torne. The word is cognate with tandoor. The bread is served as any other bread, but it tends to be more popular on special celebrations such as Easter, Christmas, and New Year's Day, as well as birthdays and weddings.

Georgian cuisine
Georgian cuisine (Georgian: ქართული სამზარეულო, romanized: kartuli samzareulo) consists of cooking traditions, techniques, and practices of Georgia. Georgian cuisine has a distinct character, while bearing some similarities with various national cuisines of the Caucasus, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Every region of Georgia has its own distinct style of food preparation. Eating and drinking are important parts of Georgian culture.

Georgia was one of the countries on the Silk Road, which resulted in travelers influencing Georgian cuisine. The Georgian love of family and friends is one of the reasons why the supra (feast) is so important in Georgia. Supra is offered spontaneously to relatives, friends or guests. Every supra has its tamada (toastmaster), who gives the toast and entertains the guests.
Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, recognized for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in a series of twenty-four books by him) and John Carter (who was a recurring character in a series of eleven books), he also wrote the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.

Tarzan was immediately popular, and Burroughs capitalized on it in every possible way, including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, films, and merchandise. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon. Burroughs's California ranch is now the center of the Tarzana neighborhood in Los Angeles, named after the character. Burroughs was an explicit supporter of eugenics and scientific racism in both his fiction and nonfiction; Tarzan was meant to reflect these concepts.

The Wizard of Venus
The Wizard of Venus is a science fiction novella by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, as well as the title of a collection in which it was later published together with an unrelated story. "The Wizard of Venus" is the final story in Burroughs's Venus series (sometimes called the "Carson Napier of Venus series"). Written in 1941, the piece remained unpublished until 1964, fourteen years after the author's death. Burroughs intended it to be the opening piece in a sequence of stories to be brought together later in book form, as he had done in the instance of the previous Venus volume, Escape on Venus. He began the first follow-up tale, only to abandon the project in the wake of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor; the text of the aborted sequel is now lost.
Roppolo
Roppolo is a municipality in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Biella.

Roppolo is located on the southern slopes of Ivrea glacial ridge, west to the Lake of Viverone. It borders the following municipalities: Alice Castello, Cavaglià, Cerrione, Dorzano, Salussola, Viverone, Zimone.

The hamlet is mentioned for the first time in a 936 AD document.  It is home to Roppolo Castle, largely built during the 14th century. Economy is based on the production of wine and kiwifruit.

Viverone
Viverone (Piedmontese: Vivron) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Biella. It is on the shore of Lago di Viverone. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,434 and an area of 12.4 square kilometres (4.8 mi2).

Viverone borders the following municipalities: Alice Castello, Azeglio, Borgo d'Ale, Piverone, Roppolo, Zimone.
WALQ
WALQ (1130 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Carrville, Alabama. The station's broadcast license is held by Augustus Foundation, Inc. The station was established in 1979.

WACQ
WACQ (580 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Tuskegee, Alabama. The station's broadcast license is held by Tiger Communications, Inc. and operated by Fred Randall Hughey.
Felix Hausdorff
Felix Hausdorff (/ˈhaʊsdɔːrf/ HOWS-dorf, /ˈhaʊzdɔːrf/ HOWZ-dorf; November 8, 1868 – January 26, 1942) was a German mathematician, pseudonym Paul Mongré (à mon gré (Fr.) = "according to my taste"), who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, and functional analysis.

Hausdorff was Jewish, and life became difficult for him and his family after the Kristallnacht of 1938. The next year he initiated efforts to emigrate to the United States, but was unable to make arrangements to receive a research fellowship. On 26 January 1942, Hausdorff, along with his wife and his sister-in-law, died by suicide by taking an overdose of veronal, rather than comply with German orders to move to a concentration camp in Endenich.

René Maurice Fréchet
René Maurice Fréchet (French: [ʁəne mɔʁis fʁeʃɛ, moʁ-]; 2 September 1878 – 4 June 1973) was a French mathematician. He made major contributions to general topology and was the first to define metric spaces. He also made several important contributions to the field of statistics and probability, as well as calculus. His dissertation opened the entire field of functionals on metric spaces and introduced the notion of compactness. Independently of Riesz, he discovered the representation theorem in the space of Lebesgue square integrable functions. He is often referred to as the founder of the theory of abstract spaces.
Term of patent in the United States
Under United States patent law, the term of patent, provided that maintenance fees are paid on time, is 20 years from the filing date of the earliest U.S. or international application (that is to say, an application under the PCT system) to which priority is claimed (excluding provisional applications).

The patent term in the United States was changed in 1995 to bring U.S. patent law into conformity with the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) as negotiated in the Uruguay Round. As a side effect, it is no longer possible to maintain submarine patents in the U.S., since the patent term now depends on the filing date, not the issue date.

Design patents have a shorter term than utility patents. Design patents filed on or after May 13, 2015, have a term of 15 years from issuance. Design patents filed prior to May 13, 2015, have a term of 14 years from issuance.

United States patent law
Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others, for a limited time (usually, 20 years) from profiting from a patented technology without the consent of the patent holder. Specifically, it is the right to exclude others from: making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing, inducing others to infringe, applying for an FDA approval, and/or offering a product specially adapted for practice of the patent.
Order of the White Rose (1886–1915)
The Order of the White Rose was a Jacobite society founded in 1886 by Bertram Ashburnham, 5th Earl of Ashburnham, as a successor to the Cycle Club. The Order attracted many writers and artists and began the Neo-Jacobite Revival that flourished in the 1890s. The Order closed during the First World War, but in 1926 the Royal Stuart Society was formed to carry on its ideal and mission.

Charles Augustus Howell
Charles Augustus Howell (10 March 1840 – 21 April 1890) was a Portuguese-British art dealer and alleged blackmailer who is best known for persuading the poet Dante Gabriel Rossetti to dig up the poems he buried with his wife Elizabeth Siddal. His reputation as a blackmailer inspired Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton".
Gangs in New Zealand
There are numerous gangs in New Zealand, of varying criminality, organisation and ethnicity, including outlaw motorcycle gangs, street gangs and ethnically based gangs. A chapter of the Hells Angels motorcycle club was formed in Auckland in 1961, the first Hells Angels chapter outside the US. Soon after, the Mongrel Mob formed in Hastings and Wellington, developing into a predominantly Māori and Pacific Islander gang, and having the largest membership in the country. Through the 1960s and 1970s, other outlaw motorcycle clubs and ethnically based gangs formed, including another predominantly Māori gang, Black Power (not related to the African-American movement), which grew to rival the Mongrel Mob.

There are about 10,000 gang members and prospects in New Zealand as of 2025.

Head Hunters Motorcycle Club
The Head Hunters Motorcycle Club are an outlaw motorcycle club in New Zealand. They are found all around the North Island, but are mainly based in East Auckland, with its headquarters being located in Ellerslie. They also have chapters in West Auckland, Wellsford, Northland and Wellington. They have a long criminal history, with more than 1000 notable criminal convictions.
Elliot Saltzman
Elliot Saltzman  Archived 2006-09-06 at the Wayback Machine is an American psychologist and speech scientist. He is a professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at Boston University and a Senior Scientist at Haskins Laboratories in New Haven, Connecticut. He is best known for his development, with J. A. Scott Kelso of "task dynamics ." He is also known for his contributions to the development of a gestural-computational model  Archived 2006-12-08 at the Wayback Machine at Haskins Laboratories that combines task dynamics with articulatory phonology and articulatory synthesis. His research interests include application of theories and methods of nonlinear dynamics and complexity theory to understanding the dynamical and biological bases of sensorimotor coordination and control. He is the co-founder, with Philip Rubin, of the IS group.

Haskins Laboratories
Haskins Laboratories, Inc. is an independent research laboratory, founded in 1935 and located in New Haven, Connecticut since 1970. Many current Haskins researchers are affiliated with  Yale University's Child Study Center and/or the University of Connecticut. Haskins is a multidisciplinary and international community of researchers who conduct basic research on spoken and written language and global literacy. A guiding perspective of their research has been to view speech and language as emerging from biological processes, including those of adaptation, response to stimuli, and conspecific interaction. Haskins Laboratories has a long history of technological and theoretical innovation, from creating systems of rules for speech synthesis and development of an early working prototype of a reading machine for the blind to developing the landmark concept of phonemic awareness as the critical preparation for learning to read an alphabetic writing system.