hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
OER Project
OER Project is a non-profit open educational resources provider co-founded in 2011 by Bill Gates and David Christian. Originally known as Big History Project (BHP), the titular course was intended to enable the global teaching of the subject of Big History, which has been described as "the attempt to understand, in a unified way, the history of Cosmos, Earth, Life and Humanity." The company rebranded as OER Project in 2019 and now offers World History Project, Climate Project, and other courses in addition to the original BHP curriculum.

David Christian (historian)
David Gilbert Christian (born June 30, 1946) is a historian and scholar of Russian history. He has become notable for teaching and promoting the emerging discipline of Big History. In 1989 he began teaching the first course on the topic, examining history from the Big Bang to the present using a multidisciplinary approach with the assistance of scholars in diverse specializations from the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Big History frames human history in terms of cosmic, geological, and biological history. Christian is credited with coining the term Big History and he serves as president of the International Big History Association. Christian's best-selling Teaching Company course entitled Big History caught the attention of philanthropist Bill Gates, who is funding Christian's efforts to develop a program to bring the course to secondary-school students worldwide.
Erik L'Heureux
Erik G. L'Heureux is an American architect, educator, and academic focusing on equatorial architecture, urbanism, and sustainable design. He is the recipient of the Wheelwright Prize, the Holcim Foundation Bronze Award for Sustainable Construction, and design awards from the American Institute of Architects and the Society of American Registered Architects.

He is Professor and Head of the Department of Architecture at Monash University.

Wheelwright Prize
The Wheelwright Architecture Prize (formerly known as the Arthur C. Wheelwright Traveling Fellowship) is an international architecture traveling fellowship presented annually to "talented early-career architects worldwide proposing exceptional itineraries for research and discovery." Founded in 1935 by the Harvard Graduate School of Design, the prize is entirely funded by the same institution.
Parkettes National Gymnastics Training Center
Parkettes National Gymnastics Training Center, widely known as Parkettes, is a gymnastics club located in Allentown, Pennsylvania. It has produced several teams and individual gymnasts representing the United States, the Czech Republic, and Canada in international meets, including the Olympic Games.

Jennifer Sey
Jennifer Anne Sey (born 1969) is an American author, business executive, and retired artistic gymnast. She was a seven-time member of the United States women's national artistic gymnastics team and was the 1986 U.S. Women's All-Around National Champion. She was also a member of the 1985 U.S. Women's World Championship team that finished 6th, as well as the U.S. Women's Team at the 1986 Goodwill Games. Following her gymnastics career, Sey entered the business world, and is presently the founder and CEO of XX-XY Athletics. She developed a social media following due to her critical views on school closings during the COVID-19 pandemic.
D
D, or d, is the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is dee (pronounced /ˈdiː/ ⓘ), plural dees.

Dalet
Dalet (dāleth, also spelled Daleth or Daled) is the fourth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician dālt 𐤃, Hebrew dālet ד‎, Aramaic dālaṯ 𐡃, Syriac dālaṯ ܕ, and Arabic dāl د‎ (in abjadi order; 8th in modern order). Its sound value is the voiced alveolar plosive ([d]). It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪕‎‎, South Arabian 𐩵, and Ge'ez ደ.

The letter is based on a glyph of the Proto-Sinaitic script, probably called dalt 'door' (door in Modern Hebrew is delet), ultimately based on a hieroglyph depicting a door:
Sursock family
The Sursock family (also spelled Sursuq) is a Greek Orthodox Christian family from Lebanon, and used to be one of the most important families of Beirut. Having originated in Constantinople during the Byzantine Empire, the family has lived in Beirut since 1712, when their forefather Jabbour Aoun (who later adopted the family name Sursock) left the village of Berbara. After the turn of the 19th century, they began to establish significant positions of power within the Ottoman Empire. The family, through lucrative business ventures, savvy political maneuvering, and strategic marriages, embarked on what Leila Fawaz called "the most spectacular social climb of the nineteenth century," and, at their peak, had built a close network of relations to the families of Egyptian, French, Irish, Russian, Italian and German aristocracies, alongside a manufacturing and distribution empire spanning the Mediterranean.

Jezreel Valley
The Jezreel Valley (Biblical Hebrew: עמק יזרעאל, romanized: ʿĒmeq Yizrəʿēl, LXX Koine Ιεζραελ), or Marj ibn Amir (Arabic: مرج ابن عامر, romanized: Marj ibn ʿĀmir, lit. 'Meadow of ibn Amir') is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District of Israel. It is bordered to the north by the highlands of the Lower Galilee, to the south by the highlands of Samaria, to the west and northwest by the Mount Carmel range, and to the east by the Jordan Valley, with Mount Gilboa marking its southern extent. The largest settlement in the valley is the city of Afula, which lies near its center.
Beckwithia (plant)
Beckwithia is a genus of plants of the family Ranunculaceae. Most botanists consider it synonymous to a clade consisting of Ranunculus glacialis and Ranunculus andersonii. B. glacialis has several distinct forms that may also be considered subspecies or closely related species. However, molecular studies have supported the placement of B. glacialis and B. camissonis within Ranunculus, distant from B. andersonii.

Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (/rənʌŋkjuːˈleɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/ rə-nung-kew-LAY-see-e(y)e, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin rānunculus "little frog", from rāna "frog") is a large family of flowering plants, distributed worldwide.

As of February 2026, World Flora Online accepted 53 genera and over 3,700 species. The largest genera are Ranunculus with more than 1,600 species, Delphinium with more than 500, and Clematis with almost 400.
Antrophyopsis
Antrophyopsis is a genus of vittarioid ferns, a member of subfamily Vittarioideae and family Pteridaceae. Like other vittarioids, ferns in the genus are epiphytes with simple, straplike leaves. They are native to tropical Africa and islands of the Indian Ocean. The presence of a midrib in their leaves, the shape of their spores, and the shape of cells at the tip of their paraphyses (minute hairs on the spore-bearing structures) help to distinguish members of the genus from other vittarioids. The group was raised to the level of genus in 2016.

Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies.  The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.
Finite verb
A finite verb is a verb that contextually complements a subject, which can be either explicit (like in the English indicative) or implicit (like in null subject languages or the English imperative).   A finite transitive verb or a finite intransitive verb can function as the root of an independent clause. Finite verbs are distinguished from non-finite verbs such as infinitives, participles, gerunds etc.

Gerund
In linguistics, a gerund (/ˈdʒɛrənd, -ʌnd/ abbreviated ger) is any of various nonfinite verb forms in various languages; most often, but not exclusively, it is one that functions as a noun. The name is derived from Late Latin gerundium, meaning "which is to be carried out". In English, the gerund has the properties of both verb and noun, such as being modifiable by an adverb and being able to take a direct object. The term "-ing form" is often used in English to refer to the gerund specifically. Traditional grammar makes a distinction within -ing forms between present participles and gerunds, a distinction that is not observed in such modern grammars as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.
Arjun Maini
Arjun Maini (born 10 December 1997) is an Indian professional racing driver, currently competing in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, and in the GT World Challenge Europe for Haupt Racing Team. He is currently a Ford Factory driver. He was the winner of Force India's 'One in a Billion' driver hunt in 2011.

Jenzer Motorsport
Jenzer Motorsport is an auto racing team based in Switzerland. Founded in 1993 by Andreas Jenzer the team is currently competing in Italian F4 and Formula 4 CEZ and has had a number of drivers who would turn out to be successful in motorsport, most notably Formula One driver Yuki Tsunoda and 2015 Nürburgring 24 Hour winner and DTM runner-up Nico Müller.
Alphard
Alphard (/ˈælfɑːrd/) is the brightest star in the constellation of Hydra. It has the Bayer designation Alpha Hydrae, which is that is Latinized from α Hydrae, and abbreviated Alpha Hya or α Hya. It is a giant star, cooler than the Sun but larger and more luminous. It is about 177 light-years away.

Hydra (constellation)
Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees, and also the longest at over 100 degrees. Its southern end borders Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Commonly represented as a water snake, it straddles the celestial equator.
Bufotoxin
Bufotoxins are a family of toxic steroid lactones or substituted tryptamines of which some are toxic. They occur in the parotoid glands, skin, and poison of many toads (Bufonidae family) and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin.

Colorado River toad
The Colorado River toad (Incilius alvarius), also known as the Sonoran Desert toad, is a toad species found in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is well known for its ability to exude toxins from glands within its skin that have psychoactive properties.
Joseph M. Hellerstein
Joseph M. Hellerstein (born (1968-06-07)7 June 1968) is an American professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, where he works on database systems and computer networks. He co-founded Trifacta with Jeffrey Heer and Sean Kandel in 2012, which stemmed from their research project, Wrangler.

Sean Kandel
Sean Kandel is Trifacta's Chief Technical Officer and Co-founder, along with Joseph M. Hellerstein and Jeffrey Heer. He is known for the development of new tools for data transformation and discovery and is the co-developed of Data Wrangler, an interactive tool for data cleaning and transformation.
Tychonoff's theorem
In mathematics, Tychonoff's theorem states that the product of any collection of compact topological spaces is compact with respect to the product topology. The theorem is named after Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov (whose surname sometimes is transcribed Tychonoff), who proved it first in 1930 for powers of the closed unit interval and in 1935 stated the full theorem along with the remark that its proof was the same as for the special case. The earliest known published proof is contained in a 1935 article by Tychonoff, "Über einen Funktionenraum".

Tychonoff's theorem is one of the most foundational results in general topology. The theorem is also valid for topological spaces based on fuzzy sets.

Subbase
In topology in mathematics, a subbase (or subbasis, prebase, prebasis) for the topology τ of a topological space (X, τ) is a subcollection  of  that generates  in the sense that  is the smallest topology containing  as open sets. A slightly different definition is used by some authors, and there are other useful equivalent formulations of the definition; these are discussed below.

Subbase is a weaker notion than that of a base for a topology.
Bruno, Piedmont
Bruno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Asti.

Bruno borders the following municipalities: Bergamasco, Carentino, Castelnuovo Belbo, and Mombaruzzo.

Bergamasco, Piedmont
Bergamasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Alessandria.

It is located between the hills of Montferrat and the Po Valley. This village is washed by the river Belbo.

From 1000 to 1514, Bergamasco was owned by the Marchesi of Incisa Scapaccino. Then William IX Palaiologos,  the marchese of Montferrat, caught and destroyed it. So it followed Montferrat's destiny.

In 1944, during World War II, the town was part of the partisan Republic of Alto Monferrato. It was also one of the towns targeted in Operation Koblenz-Süd.

Bergamasco borders the following municipalities: Bruno, Carentino, Castelnuovo Belbo, Incisa Scapaccino, and Oviglio.
Murder of Bill Mason
William Haywood "Bill" Mason (January 2, 1897 – July 29, 1949) was a radio journalist for KBKI-AM in Alice, Texas. On July 29, 1949, he was murdered by Jim Wells county deputy sheriff Sam Smithwick, after he had heard Mason referring to him in his daily radio broadcast as the owner of a 'dime-a-dance-palace'.

Box 13 scandal
The Box 13 scandal was a political scandal in Jim Wells County, Texas, during the 1948 United States Senate elections, regarding disputed votes in a Democratic primary involving Lyndon B. Johnson and Coke Stevenson.
Mezek Peak
Mezek Peak (Bulgarian: връх Мезек, romanized: vrah Mezek, IPA: [ˈvrɤx mɛˈzɛk]) is a sharp peak rising to 1555 m in Imeon Range on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands.  Situated 1.07 km east of Mount Pisgah and 4.02 km southwest by south of Mount Christi.  Precipitous and predominantly ice-free east slopes.  Overlooking Dalgopol Glacier to the northwest and Nosei Glacier to the east.  Bulgarian early mapping in 2009.  Named after the medieval fortress of Mezek in southeastern Bulgaria.

62°56′19″S 62°26′47″W﻿ / ﻿62.93861°S 62.44639°W﻿ / -62.93861; -62.44639

Mount Pisgah (Smith Island)
Mount Pisgah is a peak rising to 1814 m in the north-central part of Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is linked by Kostenets Saddle to Drinov Peak to the southwest, and surmounts Dalgopol Glacier to the north and Vetrino Glacier to the west.

Because the peaks of Smith Island gave it a forked appearance when seen from a distance, American sealers in the 1820s called it Mount Pisgah Island after the double-topped Mount Pisgah in the town of Durham, CT. The name has since been restricted to the peak described.
Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay
Ipil (/ˈiːpiːl/ EE-peel), officially the Municipality of Ipil (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Ipil; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Ipil, Jawi:  ايڠد نو ايڤل;  Chavacano: Municipalidad de Ipil; Tagalog: Bayan ng Ipil), is a municipality and capital of the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 96,363 people. Ipil is the most populous municipality of Zamboanga Sibugay, and  the second most populous in Region IX after Sindangan.

The town hosts its only airport in the province, Ipil Airport located at Barangay Sanito, along the Pan Philippine Highway. Its large income and population makes it a major commercial and economic center in Zamboanga Sibugay.

Sindangan
Sindangan, officially the Municipality of Sindangan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Sindangan; Subanen: Benwa Sindangan; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Sindangan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Sindangan), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 104,514 people.

Sindangan is the most populous municipality in Zamboanga Peninsula and the fastest-growing municipality in Zamboanga del Norte. With its infrastructure and commerce showing massive improvements since the start of the current decade, it is now projected to become the third city in the province, following Dapitan and the provincial capital, Dipolog.
23rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
The 23rd Street station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at 23rd Street and Seventh Avenue in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times and by the 2 train during late nights. The station was built by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the Dual Contracts with New York City, and opened on July 1, 1918. The station had its platforms extended in the 1960s, and was renovated in the 1990s.

23rd Street (Manhattan)
23rd Street is a broad thoroughfare in the New York City borough of Manhattan, one of the major two-way, east-west streets in the borough's grid. As with Manhattan's other "crosstown" streets, it is divided into its east and west sections at Fifth Avenue. The street runs from Avenue C and FDR Drive in the east to Eleventh Avenue in the west.

23rd Street was created under the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. The street hosts several famous hotels, including the Fifth Avenue Hotel and Hotel Chelsea, as well as many theaters. Several skyscrapers are located on 23rd Street, including the Flatiron Building, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, and One Madison.
Church of Saint-Jacques, Abbeville
The Church of Saint-Jacques (French: Église Saint-Jacques d'Abbeville) was a former Roman Catholic neo-Gothic church located in Abbeville, France.

The building, built from 1868 to 1876 on the site of a 12th-century church, gradually deteriorated due to lack of maintenance at the beginning of the 21st century. It was demolished from January to May 2013. In June 2013, a new park project presented by the town hall was approved by around thirty residents present. The works were carried out at the beginning of 2015.

Abbeville
Abbeville (French: [abvil] ⓘ; West Flemish: Abbekerke; Picard: Advile) is a commune in the Somme department and in Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

It is the chef-lieu of one of the arrondissements of Somme. Located on the river Somme, it was the capital of Ponthieu.
Kansas National Guard
The Kansas National Guard, is the component of the United States National Guard in the U.S. state of Kansas. It comprises both the Kansas Army National Guard and the Kansas Air National Guard. The Governor of Kansas is Commander-in-Chief of the Kansas National Guard when in state use. The State's highest-ranking military commander, the Adjutant General of Kansas, serves as the military head of the Guard and is second only to the Governor.

Kansas Air National Guard
The Kansas Air National Guard (KS ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Kansas, United States of America. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Kansas Army National Guard, an element of the Kansas National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Kansas Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Kansas through the office of the Adjutant General of Kansas unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States.  The Kansas Air National Guard is headquartered in Topeka, and its commander is currently Brigadier General Bradley S. Link.
2007 World Rally Championship
The 2007 World Rally Championship was the 35th season in the FIA World Rally Championship. The season began on 19 January, with the Monte Carlo Rally and ended on 2 December, with the Wales Rally GB. Citroën's Sébastien Loeb won his fourth consecutive drivers' world championship ahead of Ford's Marcus Grönholm and Mikko Hirvonen. Ford took the manufacturers' title.

2007 Wales Rally GB
The 2007 Wales Rally GB (formally known as 63rd Wales Rally of Great Britain) was the 16th round of the 2007 World Rally Championship. The race was held over three days between 30 November and 2 December 2007.
Chinese information operations and information warfare
The People's Republic of China (PRC) engages in information warfare through the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and other organizations affiliated or controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Laid out in the Chinese Defence White Paper of 2008, informatized warfare includes the utilization of information-based weapons and forces, including battlefield management systems, precision-strike capabilities, and technology-assisted command and control (C4ISR). The term also refers to propaganda and influence operations efforts by the Chinese state. Consequential Chinese information operations have been carried out to influence Taiwanese sovereignty, U.S. elections, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. China has also exploited artificial intelligence and increasingly complex communications structures to enhance its cyber-warfare capabilities.

Three warfares
"Three warfares" (Chinese: 三战 or 三种战法, pinyin: Sān zhǒng zhàn fǎ; also translated as 'three tactics') is an official strategy of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) employing media or public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare (also termed lawfare). Promulgated as work regulations, the "three warfares" was set forth in the amended Political Work Regulations of the PLA in 2003.
Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey
Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey (transl. Wagle's World – New Generation New Stories) is an Indian television sitcom that aired from 8 February 2021 to 9 August 2025 on Sony SAB. It is based on characters created by cartoonist R. K. Laxman, especially The Common Man, and about the everyday issues experienced by the average middle-class Indian man. A sequel to Wagle Ki Duniya, which aired on Doordarshan.

Wagle Ki Duniya
Wagle Ki Duniya (transl. Wagle's World) is an Indian sitcom that aired on DD National from 1988 to 1990. It was produced by Durga Khote, directed by Kundan Shah, and was based on characters created by noted cartoonist, R. K. Laxman, especially "the common man" about the issues of common middle-class Indian man. It starred Anjan Srivastav as a bumbling sales clerk in a multinational and Bharati Achrekar as his wife.