hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Land law
Land law is the form of law that deals with the rights to use, alienate, or exclude others from land. In many jurisdictions, these kinds  of property are referred to as real estate or real property, as distinct from personal property. Land use agreements, including renting, are an important intersection of property and contract law. Encumbrance on the land rights of one, such as an easement, may constitute the land rights of another. Mineral rights and water rights are closely linked, and often interrelated concepts.

Land rights are such a basic form of law that they develop even where there is no state to enforce them; for example, the claim clubs of the American West were institutions that arose organically to enforce the system of rules appurtenant to mining. Squatting, the occupation of land without ownership, is a globally ubiquitous phenomenon.
Indigenous land rights is also a perennial related issue.

Landesa
Landesa Rural Development Institute is a nonprofit organization that works with governments and local organizations to obtain legal land rights for poor families. Since 1967, Landesa has helped more than 700 million poor families in 66 countries gain legal control over their land.

Landesa partners with governments, world leaders, NGOs, foundations, donor agencies such as the World Bank, USAID, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, and others to design and implement land laws, policies and programs that provide opportunity, further economic growth, and promote social justice through land rights.

Headquartered in Seattle, Landesa has program offices in Beijing, China; Bhubaneswar, Delhi, Kolkata, Lucknow, and Patna, India; Yangon, Myanmar; and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Landesa currently works in China, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar, Rwanda, and Tanzania.
Osogbo
Osogbo // ⓘ (also known as Oṣogbo, and seldomly as Oshogbo) is a city in Nigeria. It became the capital city of Osun State in 1991. Osogbo city seats the Headquarters of both Osogbo Local Government Area (situated at Oke-Baale Area of the city) and Olorunda Local Government Area (situated at Igbonna Area of the city). It is some 88 kilometers by road northeast of Ibadan. It is also 108 kilometres (67 mi) by road south of Ilorin (capital and largest city of Kwara State) and 108 kilometres (67 mi) northwest of Akure. Osogbo shares boundaries with Ikirun, Ilesa, Ede, Egbedore, Ogbomosho and Iragbiji and it is easily accessible from any part of the state because of its central nature. It is about 48 km from Ife, 32 km from Ilesa, 46 km from Iwo, 48 km from Ikire and 46 km from Ila-Orangun; the city had a population of about 200,000  people and an approximate land area of 126 km. The postal code of the area is 230. The current chairman of the council is Onibonokuta Saheed M.

Olorunda
Olorunda (listenⓘ) is a Local Government Area in Osun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are located in Igbona, on the outskirts of Osogbo, the state capital. The current chairman of the council is Mojeed Kunle Kudayisi.

It covers an area of 97 km2 and had a population of 131,761 according to the 2006 census.

The area's postal code is 230.
Coweta (tribal town)
Coweta was a tribal town and one of the four mother towns of the Muscogee Confederacy in what is now the Southeast United States, along with Kasihta (Cusseta), Abihka, and Tuckabutche.

Coweta was located on the Chattahoochee River in what the Spanish called Apalachicola Province now in the modern state of Alabama. It was a central trading city of the Lower Towns of the Mucogee Confederacy. Members of the tribal town were also known as Caouitas or Caoüita.[p. 391]

The Cherokee language name for all the Lower Creek is Anikhawitha.[p. 391]

Tribal town
A tribal town (Muscogee talwa, Hitchiti okla) was a form of political and social organization of people in what is now the southeastern United States from at least the 16th century into the 19th century. It had aspects of both a town and a tribe, and was the basic unit of the Muscogee Confederacy (historically called the "Creek" Confederacy). Tribal towns were governed by a council of men (and, very rarely, women) of the town who were selected or had obtained recognized status as warriors. Tribal towns in the Muscogee Confederacy were classified as either "white" (peace) towns or "red" (war) towns. The men in each town were divided into white and red sides.
Mande languages
The Mande languages are a family of languages spoken in several countries in West Africa by the Mandé peoples. They include Maninka (Malinke), Mandinka, Soninke, Bambara, Kpelle, Jula (Dioula), Bozo, Mende, Susu, and Vai. There are around 60 to 75 languages spoken by around 60 million people, chiefly in Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) and also in southern Mauritania, northern Ghana, northwestern Nigeria and northern Benin.

The Mande languages show a few lexical similarities with the Atlantic–Congo language family, so together they have been proposed as parts of a larger Niger–Congo language family since the 1950s. However, the Mande languages lack the noun-class morphology that is the primary identifying feature of the Atlantic–Congo languages. Accordingly, linguists increasingly treat Mande and Atlantic–Congo as independent language families.

Kpelle language
The Kpelle /kəˈpɛlə/ language (endonym: Kpɛlɛɛ) is spoken by the Kpelle people of Liberia, Guinea and Ivory Coast and is part of the Mande language family. Guinean Kpelle (also known as Guerze in French), spoken by half a million people, is concentrated primarily, but not exclusively, in the southeastern forest regions of Guinea bordering Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone. Half a million Liberians speak Liberian Kpelle, which is taught in Liberian schools.
Jimen Qiao station
Jimen Qiao station (Chinese: 蓟门桥站; pinyin: Jìmén Qiáo zhàn) is an interchange station between Line 12 and Changping line of the Beijing Subway. It opened on December 15, 2024, and is the southern terminus of Changping line.

Changping line
The Changping Line of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁昌平线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě chāngpíng xiàn) is a rapid transit line in northern Beijing. It is 43.8 km (27.2 mi) in length with 20 stations. Changping line's color is pink on official maps, signage, and station branding.
Group boycott
In competition law, a group boycott is a type of secondary boycott in which two or more competitors in a relevant market refuse to conduct business with a firm unless the firm agrees to cease doing business with an actual or potential competitor of the firms conducting the boycott.  It is a form of refusal to deal, and can be a method of shutting a competitor out of a market, or preventing entry of a new firm into a market.

In the United States, such conduct can be held to violate the Sherman Antitrust Act.  Depending upon the nature of the boycott, the courts may apply the rule of reason, a quick look analysis, or hold that the boycott is illegal per se. There is a presumption in favor of a rule of reason standard. It may also be considered a form of civil conspiracy.

Illegal per se
In US law, the term illegal per se means that the act is inherently illegal. Thus, an act is illegal without extrinsic proof of any surrounding circumstances such as lack of scienter (knowledge) or other defenses. Acts are made illegal per se by statute, constitution or case law.
Natural Steps, Arkansas
Natural Steps is an unincorporated census-designated place in Pulaski County, Arkansas, United States. It is located 18 miles (29 km) northwest of Little Rock along the southern bank of the Arkansas River, on Arkansas Highway 300. Per the 2020 census, the population was 413. Today, it is a small farming community with scattered businesses. Most of the natural steps, a geologic formation, still stand today and are used as a marker for river runners. The Natural Steps are not open to the public for viewing.

Pulaski County, Arkansas
Pulaski County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. With a population of 399,125 as of the 2020 United States census, it is the most populous county in Arkansas. The county is included in the Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway metropolitan area. Its county seat is Little Rock, which is also Arkansas's capital and largest city.

Pulaski County is Arkansas's fifth county, formed on December 15, 1818, alongside Clark and Hempstead Counties. Pulaski County is named for Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, a Polish-born Continental Army officer who was killed in action at the Siege of Savannah during the Revolutionary War. The county was the site of the Battle of Bayou Fourche on September 10, 1863. The Union army took control the same day and occupied Pulaski County until the end of the Civil War. The county was home to Willow Springs Water Park, one of the oldest water parks in the nation, which opened in 1928 and closed in 2013.
William Bingham
William Bingham (March 8, 1752 – February 7, 1804) was an American statesman and wealthy merchant from Philadelphia. He represented Pennsylvania as a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 and later served as a United States senator from 1795 to 1801.

Bingham was among the wealthiest Americans of his era, with some accounts describing him as the richest person in the United States around 1780.

Ann Baring, Lady Ashburton
Ann Louisa Baring, Baroness Ashburton (née Ann Louisa Bingham; 6 January 1782 – 5 December 1848) was the wife of Alexander Baring, Lord Ashburton and first child of William Bingham and Ann Willing Bingham.
WSHL-FM
WSHL-FM (91.3 FM) is a college radio station  broadcasting an alternative music format. Licensed to Easton, Massachusetts, United States, the station serves the Greater Brockton-Easton area of Massachusetts, 24/7 in Stereo.  The station is owned by Stonehill College, Inc. and has been operating since January 1974.

WSHL-FM studios and offices are located on the 1st floor of the Roche Dining Commons at Stonehill College.  The transmitter and antenna are located at the College Center Building, also on the campus of Stonehill College in North Easton, Massachusetts.

Peter Q. George is the Chief Engineer for the station, while Geoffrey Lantos is the faculty advisor.

Stonehill College
Stonehill College is a private Catholic college in Easton, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded in 1948 by the Congregation of Holy Cross and is located on the original estate of Frederick Lothrop Ames Jr., with 29 buildings that complement the original Georgian-style Ames mansion.

Stonehill's engineering majors spend their last four semesters of undergraduate education at the University of Notre Dame, Stonehill's sister institution and another Holy Cross school.
Leydig cell
Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of the testes and interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle and produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH). They are polyhedral in shape and have a large, prominent nucleus, an eosinophilic cytoplasm, and numerous lipid-filled vesicles. Males have two types of Leydig cells that appear in two distinct stages of development: the fetal type and the adult type.

Seminiferous tubule
Seminiferous tubules  (Latin for "seed-bearing small tubes") are located within the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of male gametes, namely spermatozoa.
Big Town After Dark
Big Town After Dark is a 1947 American crime drama film directed by William C. Thomas and written by Whitman Chambers. The film stars Phillip Reed, Hillary Brooke, Richard Travis, Ann Gillis, Vince Barnett, Joe Sawyer and Robert Kent. It was released on December 12, 1947, by Paramount Pictures.The film was the third in a series of four films based on the long-running radio program Big Town.

Pine-Thomas Productions
Pine-Thomas Productions was a prolific B-picture unit of Paramount Pictures from 1940 to 1957, producing 81 films.  Co-producers William H. Pine (February 15, 1896 – April 29, 1955) and William C. Thomas (August 11, 1903 – April 2, 1984) were known as the "Dollar Bills" because none of their economically made films ever lost money. "We don't want to make million dollar pictures," they said. "We just want to make a million dollars."
Cerretto Langhe
Cerretto Langhe, also Cerreto Langhe, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 463 and an area of 10.1 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi).

Cerreto Langhe borders the following municipalities: Albaretto della Torre, Arguello, Cravanzana, Feisoglio, Roddino, Serravalle Langhe, and Sinio.

Sinio
Sinio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 1 January 2017, it had a population of 529 and an area of 8.5 square kilometres (3.3 sq mi).

Sinio borders the following municipalities: Albaretto della Torre, Cerreto Langhe, Montelupo Albese, Roddino, Rodello, and Serralunga d'Alba.
Corey Burton
Corey Gregg Weinberg, better known as Corey Burton, is an American voice actor. He is best known for various roles such as Captain Hook, Dale, Ludwig Von Drake, Yen Sid, and Zipper for The Walt Disney Company. His other roles include Shockwave and Megatron in the Transformers franchise, Brainiac in various media, Count Dooku and Cad Bane in the Star Wars franchise, V.V. Argost on The Secret Saturdays, Jaga on the 2011 reboot of ThunderCats and Dracula on Avengers Assemble.

In video games, he voices Zeus in the God of War series, Hugo Strange in Batman: Arkham City and Nitros Oxide in Crash Team Racing Nitro Fueled.

White Rabbit
The White Rabbit is a fictional and anthropomorphic character in Lewis Carroll's 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. He appears at the very beginning of the book, in chapter one, wearing a waistcoat, and muttering "Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!" Alice follows him down the rabbit hole into Wonderland. Alice encounters him again when he mistakes her for his housemaid Mary Ann and she becomes trapped in his house after growing too large. The Rabbit shows up again in the last few chapters, as a herald-like servant of the King and Queen of Hearts.
Bossiney Castle
Bossiney Castle is a Norman fortification, built in the 11th century, following the Norman invasion of England in 1066. It is in the village of Bossiney, in North Cornwall The remains of the motte are on private land with no public access, but can be viewed from the B3263, lying behind the 19th-century Methodist Chapel.

There are no records of antiquarian or archaeological excavation having been carried out at this site, but it was surveyed in 1852 by Henry MacLauchlan, and subsequently by others. When scheduled as a Historic Monument in 1928 the mound measured 46 metres in diameter, and 5.9 metres high. There remained evidence of a ditch surrounding the motte, in a poor state of preservation, 20 metres in width, and surviving to 0.9 metres in depth.

Bossiney
Bossiney (Cornish: Boskyni, meaning Kyni's dwelling) is a village in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It forms part of the civil parish of Tintagel, and lies north-east of Tintagel village. Further north-east are the Rocky Valley and Trethevy. Until 1832 the village, with its neighbour Tintagel, returned two MPs as a Rotten Borough, for the Bossiney constituency. The beach of Bossiney Haven is located nearby.
Sudan Defence Force
The Sudan Defence Force (SDF) was a formation of the British Colonial Auxiliary Forces raised in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1925 to assist local police in internal security duties and maintain the condominium's territorial integrity. During World War II, it also served in East Africa as part of the East African campaign and in North Africa during the Western Desert campaign.

British Colonial Auxiliary Forces
The British Colonial Auxiliary Forces were the various military forces (each composed of one or more units or corps) of Britain's colonial empire which were not considered part of the British Army proper. They were the colonial equivalents of the British "Home" Auxiliary Forces, and both Colonial and Home Auxiliary Forces were originally also referred to as "Reserve Forces" and (due to their being tasked purely with home defence, so that their personnel could not be sent overseas on expeditionary service unless they specially volunteered for this) as "Local Forces" and "Home Defence Forces" or "Defence Forces".
Suzhou Ferris Wheel
Suzhou Ferris Wheel is a 120-metre (394 ft) tall giant Ferris wheel on the east bank of Jinji Lake in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. It has 60 passenger cabins, a maximum capacity of 300 passengers, and takes approximately 20 minutes to complete each revolution.

Suzhou Ferris Wheel was completed in 2009. It is one of four 120 m Ferris wheels in China, the other three being Changsha Ferris Wheel (completed 2004), Tianjin Eye (completed 2008), and Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel (completed 2003). The only Chinese Ferris wheel with a greater height is the 160-metre (525 ft) Star of Nanchang, which opened in 2006.

Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel
Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel is a 120-metre (390 ft) tall giant Ferris wheel at Century Amusement Park in Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

When it was completed in 2003, Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel was the tallest Ferris wheel in China, and the second tallest in the world, after the 135-metre (443 ft) London Eye. There are now four 120 m Ferris wheels in China, the other three being Changsha Ferris Wheel (completed 2004), Suzhou Ferris Wheel (completed 2009), and Tianjin Eye (completed 2008). The only Chinese Ferris wheel with a greater height is the 160-metre (520 ft) Star of Nanchang, which opened in 2006.

There is at least one other giant Ferris wheel in Zhengzhou, at Renmin Park.
2024 Newfoundland and Labrador Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2024 Newfoundland and Labrador Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the women's provincial curling championship for Newfoundland and Labrador, was held from January 25 to 28 at the RE/MAX Centre in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The event was held in conjunction with the 2024 Newfoundland and Labrador Tankard, the provincial men's championship.

The winning Stacie Curtis rink represented Newfoundland and Labrador at the 2024 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Calgary, Alberta where they finished seventh in Pool A with a 2–6 record. However, they did hand the first place team in Pool A, Alberta's Selena Sturmay their only loss in round robin play.

2024 Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2024 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Canada's national women's curling championship, was held from February 16 to 25 at the Markin MacPhail Centre at Canada Olympic Park in Calgary, Alberta. The winning Rachel Homan team represented Canada at the 2024 World Women's Curling Championship at Centre 200 in Sydney, Nova Scotia where they won the gold medal.
Muumuu House
Muumuu House is an independent, small press publishing company and online literary magazine based formerly in Manhattan, New York, and currently in Hawaii that was founded by writer Tao Lin in 2008. Muumuu House publishes poetry, fiction, and nonfiction in print and online.

Muumuu House has published print books by writers Zac Smith, Megan Boyle, Brandon Scott Gorrell, and Ellen Kennedy.

Online publications have included works by Jordan Castro, Ben Lerner, Sheila Heti, Michael W. Clune, Deb Olin Unferth, Sam Pink,Megan Boyle, Anna Dorn, Stacey Levine, Matthew Davis, and Matthew Rohrer.

Tao Lin
Tao Lin (Chinese: 林韜; born July 2, 1983) is an American novelist, poet, essayist, short-story writer, and artist. He has published four novels, a novella, two books of poetry, a collection of short stories, and a memoir, as well as an extensive assortment of online content.
Sentul Timur LRT station
Sentul Timur LRT station is an elevated light rapid transit (LRT) station and serves as the northern terminal station for the Ampang and Sri Petaling lines. The station is located in Sentul, a suburb of Kuala Lumpur, which is surrounded by medium density low-cost housing developments. Pangsapuri Melur is the nearest residential property to this station.

Sentul is a main town area in Kuala Lumpur. It is divided into two sections namely Sentul Barat (West Sentul) and Sentul Timur (East Sentul). Jalan Sentul and Jalan Ipoh are the two major roads servicing this area.

Although not designated as an official interchange, commuters may walk up to the Sentul Komuter station on the Batu Caves–Pulau Sebang Line from the LRT station. It takes approximately 15 – 20 minutes for the walking distance.

Ampang and Sri Petaling lines
The LRT Ampang Line and the LRT Sri Petaling Line are light rapid transit (LRT) lines in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The combined network comprises 45.1 kilometres (28.0 mi) of tracks with 36 stations and was the first railway in Malaysia to use standard-gauge track and semi-automated trains.  The lines are operated as part of the Rapid KL system by Rapid Rail, a subsidiary of Prasarana Malaysia.

A trip from one end to the other takes 41 minutes on the LRT Ampang Line, and 74 minutes on the LRT Sri Petaling Line. The LRT Ampang Line is named after its eastern terminus, Ampang station, while the LRT Sri Petaling Line is named after its former southern terminus, Sri Petaling station.

The LRT Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines form part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System, numbered 3 and 4, and are coloured orange and maroon on official rail maps respectively.
Toyota C engine
The Toyota C engine family was a series of inline-4 diesel engines. Japanese market vehicles with diesel engines were exclusive to Toyota Japan dealerships called Toyota Diesel Shop locations from 1979 until the dealership was cancelled in 1988.

There were two earlier generations of an engine Toyota named as the "Type C". The first generation was introduced in 1940 as a modification of the Type A engine and ran on petrol. This first "Type C" was installed in the Toyota AE. The second generation “C” was the diesel engine used in the 1959 Toyota Crown CS20. None of the generations designs are related to each other.

Toyota Previa
The Toyota Previa, also known as the Toyota Estima (Japanese: トヨタ・エスティマ, Hepburn: Toyota Esutima) in Japan, and Toyota Tarago in Australia, is a minivan that was produced by Toyota from 1990 until October 2019 across three generations.

The name "Previa" is derived from the Spanish for "preview", as Toyota saw the first Previa as a vehicle that would preview technologies used in future minivans. The Previa was the second largest minivan in Toyota's lineup in Japan after the bigger and more luxurious Alphard/Vellfire.
Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
Carl Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra, now Banksia ser. Dryandra, was published in 1856 as part of his chapter on the Proteaceae in A. P. de Candolle's Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. It replaced the 1830 arrangement of Robert Brown, and remained current until superseded by the 1870 arrangement of George Bentham.

Dryandra ser. Aphragma
Dryandra ser. Aphragma is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra). It was first published at sectional rank by Robert Brown in 1830, and was retained at that rank until 1999, when Alex George demoted it to a series. It was discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia.