hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vishnu Madav Ghatage
Vishnu Madav Ghatage (24 October 1908 – 6 December 1991) was an Indian aeronautical engineer, known for his pioneering conceptual and engineering contributions to Indian aeronautics. He led the team which designed and developed HAL HT-2, the first Indian designed and built aircraft. He was honoured by the Government of India in 1965, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his services to the nation.

Indian Institute of Science
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the Tata Institute. It was granted a deemed university status in 1958 and recognized as an Institute of Eminence in 2018.
Sidney Souers
Sidney William Souers (March 30, 1892 – January 14, 1973) was an American military intelligence officer who was the first person to hold the office of Director of Central Intelligence, being head of the Central Intelligence Group (CIG), the direct predecessor to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and of the National Intelligence Authority (NIA), the direct predecessor to the National Security Council (NSC).

From 1947 to 1949, Souers also served as Executive Secretary of the U.S. National Security Council, and was a close and trusted advisor of President Harry S. Truman.

Director of Central Intelligence
The director of central intelligence (DCI) was the head of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1946 to 2004, acting as the principal intelligence advisor to the president of the United States and the United States National Security Council, as well as the coordinator of intelligence activities among and between the various United States intelligence agencies (collectively known as the United States Intelligence Community from 1981 onwards).

The office existed from January 1946 to December 17, 2004. After the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act it was replaced by the director of national intelligence (DNI) as head of the Intelligence Community and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) as head of the CIA.
United States Coast Guard Legal Division
The Coast Guard Judge Advocate General oversees the delivery of legal services to the United States Coast Guard, through the Office of the Judge Advocate General in Washington, the Legal Service Command, offices in the Atlantic and Pacific Areas, nine Coast Guard Districts, the Coast Guard Academy, three training centers, and a number of other activities and commands.  Legal services are delivered by Coast Guard judge advocates and civilian counsel in ten legal practice areas: criminal law/military justice, operations, international activities, civil advocacy, environmental law, procurement law, internal organizational law, regulations and administrative law, legislative support and legal assistance.

Judge Advocate General's Corps
The Judge Advocate General's Corps (JAG or JAG Corps) is the military justice branch or specialty of the United States Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marine Corps, and Navy. Officers serving in the JAG Corps are typically called judge advocates.

Judge advocates are responsible for administrative law, government contracting, civilian and military personnel law, the law of war and international relations, environmental law, etc. They also serve as prosecutors for the military when conducting courts-martial.
Siege of Multan (1848–1849)
The siege of Multan began on 19 April 1848 and lasted until 22 January 1849, and saw fighting around Multan (in present-day Punjab, Pakistan) between the British East India Company and the Sikh Empire. It began with a rebellion against a ruler imposed by the East India Company, which precipitated the Second Anglo-Sikh War, and ended when the last defenders of the city surrendered to British forces.

Mulraj Chopra
Mulraj‌ Chopra‌ (1814 – 11 August 1851) was a Sikh Empire-era‌ administrator who served as the governor (‌Diwan) of Multan from 1844 to 1849. He is known for being the leader of a Sikh rebellion against the British which led to the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
College of Emporia Fighting Presbies football
The College of Emporia football team was a college football team at the College of Emporia in Emporia, Kansas.  The team competed from 1893 until the college closed in 1974 and was known for its high quality play for the size of the school as well as its early adoption of modern football methods.

The final coach of the program was Dan Taylor.

Homer Woodson Hargiss
Homer Woodson "Bill" Hargiss (September 1, 1887 – October 15, 1978) was an American athlete and coach. He played American football and basketball and also competed in track and field events. Additionally, Hargis coached athletics at several colleges in the states of Kansas and Oregon. As an American football coach during the sport's early years, Hargis was an innovator. He was among few coaches in using the forward pass and the huddle, now staple features of the game.
Frame (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, a frame of an inner product space is a generalization of a basis of a vector space to sets that may be linearly dependent. In the terminology of signal processing, a frame provides a redundant, stable way of representing a signal. Frames are used in error detection and correction and the design and analysis of filter banks and more generally in applied mathematics, computer science, and engineering.

Richard Duffin
Richard James Duffin (1909 – October 29, 1996) was an American physicist, known for his contributions to electrical transmission theory and to the development of geometric programming and other areas within operations research.
American State Bank
American State Bank was a financial service company operating 37 locations in 21 communities across Texas, mainly in West Texas.

American State Bank first opened on May 20, 1948, in Lubbock.  American State Bank had unusual continuity of management - there were only three presidents since its inception.  The first president, Jack Payne, had a term lasting from the banks first opening until 1974.

American State Bank did not accept any bailout funds from the federal government.

On February 27, 2012, Houston-based Prosperity Bancshares, the parent company of Prosperity Bank, announced that it had signed a merger agreement with ASB, whereby ASB will merge into Prosperity Bank subject to shareholder and regulatory approval.  The merger became final effective July 1, 2012. Prosperity Bancshares ultimately paid over 500 million dollars, through a combination of cash and common stock, to acquire American State Bank.

Prosperity Bancshares
Prosperity Bancshares, Inc. is a bank holding company headquartered in Houston, Texas with operations in Texas and central Oklahoma. As of December 31, 2019, the company operated 285 branches: 65 in the Houston area, including The Woodlands, Texas; 30 in South Texas, including Corpus Christi, Texas and Victoria, Texas; 75 in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex; 22 in East Texas; 29 in Central Texas, including Austin, Texas and San Antonio; 34 in West Texas, including Lubbock, Texas, Midland–Odessa, and Abilene, Texas; 16 in Bryan–College Station; 6 in Central Oklahoma; and 8 in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Wage Earner's Suffrage League
The Wage Earner’s Suffrage League was a suffrage organization founded in New York City in 1911 that sought to bridge politics and labor towards the end goal of achieving women’s suffrage and ultimately disbanded in 1912.  The Wage Earner’s League is an example of a predominately female led effort to bring working women into the suffrage movement to gain political momentum and influence.

Leonora O'Reilly
Leonora O'Reilly (February 16, 1870 – April 3, 1927) was an American feminist, suffragist, and trade union organizer. O'Reilly was born in New York state, raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. She was born into a working-class family and left school at the age of eleven to begin working as a seamstress. Leonora O'Reilly's parents were Irish immigrants escaping the Great Famine; her father, John, was a printer and a grocer and died while Leonora was the age of one, forcing her mother, Winifred Rooney O'Reilly, to work more hours as a garment worker in order to support Leonora and her younger brother.

O'Reilly worked from 1903 to 1915 an organizer and recruiter for the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL). On the streets of New York, O'Reilly spoke in public for labor reform and women's suffrage; her skills enabled her to represent women in 1911 at a New York Senate Committee on Suffrage as well as in various public meeting halls.
Malco Theatres
Malco Theatres, Inc. is an American movie theater chain founded in 1915 and based in Memphis, Tennessee. It has been owned and led by the Lightman family for four generations. Malco Theatres features 34 theatre locations with over 345 screens in six states (Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Tennessee). Malco also operates three bowling centers and a family entertainment center in southern Louisiana and a family entertainment center in Oxford, Mississippi.

Orpheum Theatre (Memphis)
The Orpheum Theatre, a 2,308-seat venue listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in downtown Memphis, Tennessee, on the southwest corner of the intersection of South Main and Beale streets. The Orpheum, along with the Halloran Centre for Performing Arts & Education, compose the Orpheum Theatre Group, a community-supported nonprofit corporation that operates and maintains the venues and presents education programs.
Conception Point
Conception Point is the northernmost point on Coronation Island in the South Orkney Islands. It was discovered on 8 December 1821, in the course of the joint cruise by Captain George Powell, British sealer, and Captain Nathaniel Palmer, American sealer. It was named by Captain Powell.

Coronation Island
Coronation Island is the largest of the South Orkney Islands, 25 nautical miles (46 km) long and from 3 to 8 nautical miles (5.6 to 14.8 km) wide. The island extends in a general east–west direction, is mainly ice-covered and comprises numerous bays, glaciers and peaks, the highest rising to 1,265 metres (4,150 ft).
Charles Clifford (locomotive engineer)
Charles Clifford was locomotive superintendent of the Great Northern Railway of Ireland (GNRI) from 1895 to 1912.  Clifford is attributed with increasing the size and power of the GNRI locomotive stock to match the increasing length and weight of train loads in this period; producing locomotives of that stood comparison with those of the Great Southern and Western Railway.

Great Northern Railway (Ireland)
The Great Northern Railway (Ireland) (GNR(I), GNRI or simply GNR) was an Irish gauge (1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)) railway company in Ireland. It was formed in 1876 by a merger of the Irish North Western Railway (INW), Northern Railway of Ireland, and Ulster Railway. The governments of Ireland and Northern Ireland jointly nationalised the company in 1953, and the company was liquidated in 1958: assets were split on national lines between the Ulster Transport Authority and Córas Iompair Éireann.
Golubovci
Golubovci (Montenegrin: Голубовци, pronounced [ɡǒluboʋtsi]) is a small town in the new Zeta Municipality of Montenegro. Until 2022, it was part of Podgorica Municipality. Golubovci is the seat of the new municipality.

The town has 3,110 residents according to 2011 census, while the surrounding Zeta Municipality accounts for some 16,093 residents.

Podgorica Airport
Podgorica Airport (Montenegrin: Aerodrom Podgorica / Аеродром Подгорица, pronounced [aerǒdrom pǒdɡoritsa]) (IATA: TGD, ICAO: LYPG) is an international airport serving the Montenegrin capital of Podgorica and the surrounding region. It is one of two international airports in Montenegro, the other being Tivat Airport. Both are operated by the state-owned company Airports of Montenegro (Аеродроми Црне Горе / Aerodromi Crne Gore).

The airport is located in the Zeta Plain, 5 km (3 mi) south Podgorica urban area and 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Skadar Lake, within administrative boundaries of Golubovci, Zeta Municipality. Montenegrin national carrier Air Montenegro is based at the airport. The airport's IATA code, TGD, is based on the city's former name, Titograd.
DD postcode area
The DD postcode area, also known as the Dundee postcode area, is a group of eleven postcode districts in eastern Scotland, within nine post towns. These cover Dundee and Angus (including Forfar, Arbroath, Brechin, Carnoustie, Kirriemuir and Montrose), plus part of north-east Fife (including Newport-on-Tay and Tayport) and small parts of Perth and Kinross and Aberdeenshire.

Mail for the DD postcode area is processed at Edinburgh Mail Centre, along with mail for the EH, KY, PH, FK and TD postcode areas.

TD postcode area
The TD postcode area, also known as the Galashiels postcode area, is a group of fifteen postcode districts in south-east Scotland and the far north-east of England, within seventeen post towns. These cover most of the Scottish Borders council area (including Galashiels, Lauder, Gordon, Earlston, Kelso, Melrose, Selkirk, Jedburgh, Hawick, Newcastleton, Duns, Coldstream, Cockburnspath and Eyemouth) and the northernmost part of Northumberland (including Berwick-upon-Tweed, Cornhill-on-Tweed and Mindrum), plus a part of south-eastern East Lothian and a very small part of Cumbria.

The letters in the postcode are derived from Tweeddale. The TD postcode area is the smallest by population.

Mail for the TD postcode area is processed at Edinburgh Mail Centre, along with mail for the EH, KY, PH, DD and FK postcode areas.
Linley House
Linley House is a heritage-listed house located at 360 Burns Bay Road, Linley Point in the Lane Cove Council local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Linley and Grenaby. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Linley Point
Linley Point is a small peninsular suburb located on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, in the local government area of the Municipality of Lane Cove, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is approximately 10 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district.
Alicia Alonso
Alicia Alonso (born Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad del Cobre Martínez del Hoyo; 21 December 1920 – 17 October 2019) was a Cuban prima ballerina assoluta and choreographer whose company became the Ballet Nacional de Cuba in 1955. She is best known for her portrayals of Giselle and the ballet version of Carmen.

From the age of nineteen, Alonso was afflicted with an eye condition and became partially blind. Her partners always had to be in the exact place she expected them to be, and she used lights in different parts of the stage to guide herself.

American Ballet Theatre
American Ballet Theatre (ABT) is a classical ballet company based in New York City. Founded in 1939 by Lucia Chase and Richard Pleasant. Through 2019, it had an annual eight-week season at the Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center) in the spring and a shorter season at the David H. Koch Theater in the fall; the company tours around the world the rest of the year. The company was scheduled to have a 5-week spring season at the MET preceded by a 2-week season at the Koch Theater beginning in 2020.   ABT is the parent company of the American Ballet Theatre Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School, and was recognized as "America's National Ballet Company" in 2006 by the United States Congress.
Ivan Oransky
Ivan Oransky (born 1972) is an American physician and journalist. He co-founded the blog Retraction Watch in 2010 to document retractions in academic publishing and has since campaigned for greater transparency and accountability in research publishing. He is known for his advocacy of scientific integrity by tracking research misconduct and promoting institutional reforms. His opinions and statistics on scientific misconduct have been described in the media.

Scientific misconduct
Scientific misconduct refers to violations of ethical and professional standards in research, including fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and other practices that compromise the integrity of the design, conduct, analysis, reporting, or publication of scientific or research findings.
Duke University Marine Laboratory
The Duke University Marine Laboratory (commonly referred to as the Duke Marine Lab) is a research facility and campus of Duke University on Piver's Island, near Beaufort and the Outer Banks, North Carolina specializing in studying marine biology. It is part of the Nicholas School of the Environment's Division of Marine Science and Conservation.

The current official goal of the Marine Laboratory is to study marine environmental systems and conservation utilizing the resources of the facility's proximity to the ocean. It is a member of the National Association of Marine Laboratories and the Marine Sciences Education Consortium.

National Association of Marine Laboratories
The National Association of Marine Laboratories (NAML) is a non-profit organization incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to stimulate research and promote education in the marine sciences. The mission of NAML and its three regional organizations is to promote excellence in research, education, and public outreach in the marine sciences. NAML also seeks to provide a forum for the resolution of challenges common to non-profit marine laboratories in the United States and to inform the wise use and conservation of marine and coastal resources.
Terence Reese
John Terence Reese (28 August 1913 – 29 January 1996) was a British bridge player and writer, regarded as one of the finest of all time in both fields. He was born in Epsom, Surrey, England to middle-class parents, and was educated at Bradfield College and New College, Oxford, where he studied classics and attained a double first, graduating in 1935.

Alan Truscott
Alan Fraser Truscott (16 April 1925 – 4 September 2005) was a British-American bridge player, writer, and editor. He wrote the daily bridge column for The New York Times for 41 years, from 1964 to 2005, and served as Executive Editor for the first six editions of The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge from 1964 to 2002.
Battle of Orkynia
The Battle of Orkynia was fought in 319 BCE near Orkynia in Cappadocia. It was one of first battles of the wars between the successors to Alexander the Great, the so called Diadochi.  At Orkynia the armies of Antigonus Monophthalmus and Eumenes the Cardian met; the battle resulted in a stunning Antigonid victory.

319 BC
Year 319 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cursor and Cerretanus (or, less frequently, year 435 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 319 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Mthandeni Dlungwana
Mthandeni Eric Dlungwana (born January 1976), also spelled Dlungwane, is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature between 2011 and 2019. He was formerly KwaZulu-Natal's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Education from 2016 to 2019 under Premier Willies Mchunu.

Dlungwana was the Provincial Chairperson of the ANC Youth League in KwaZulu-Natal from May 2010 until October 2011, when his leadership corps was disbanded by the national league after he fell out with league president Julius Malema. He is also a former Regional Chairperson of the ANC's Musa Dladla branch in Umgungundlovu District. He was dismissed from the KwaZulu-Natal Executive Council after the 2019 general election and he resigned from the legislature shortly afterwards in July 2019.

Provincial Executive Committees of the African National Congress
The Provincial Executive Committees (PECs) of the African National Congress (ANC) are the chief executive organs of the party's nine provincial branches. Comprising the so-called “Top Five” provincial officials and up to 30 additional elected members, each is structured similarly to the party's National Executive Committee (NEC) and is elected every four years at party provincial conferences.

The “Top Five” officials at the head of each PEC are the ANC Provincial Chairperson, the political leader of the party in the province; the ANC Provincial Secretary, a full-time party functionary; their respective deputies; and the Provincial Treasurer. With some notable exceptions, especially under President Thabo Mbeki, the Provincial Chairperson often becomes the ANC's candidate for election as Premier in the corresponding provincial government, and other members of the PEC are often appointed to the provincial cabinet as Members of the Executive Council.
3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate
3,4-dichloromethylphenidate (abbreviated as 3,4-DCMP, and incorrectly as 3,4-CTMP for the d,l-threo diastereomer) is a potent stimulant drug from the phenidate class closely related to methylphenidate. It acts as a potent serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor with a long duration of action. It has been sold online as a designer drug.

O-2390
O-2390 (3,4-Dichloro-alpha-PVP, DCPVP) is a recreational designer drug from the substituted cathinone family, which acts as a potent inhibitor of dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake in vitro, with weaker but still significant inhibition of serotonin reuptake.
Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.
Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.

Commodity chemical
Commodity chemicals (or bulk commodities or bulk chemicals) are a group of chemicals that are made on a very large scale to satisfy global markets. The average prices of commodity chemicals are regularly published in the chemical trade magazines and web sites such as Chemical Week and ICIS. There have been several studies of the scale and complexity of this market for example in the USA.

Commodity chemicals are a sub-sector of the chemical industry (other sub sectors are fine chemicals, specialty chemicals, inorganic chemicals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, renewable energy (e.g. biofuels) and materials (e.g. biopolymers)). Commodity chemicals are differentiated primarily by the bulk of their manufacture.
Allotoca maculata
The blackspot allotoca (Allotoca maculata), also known as the blackspot goodeid, tailspot goodeid, or tiro manchado, is a critically endangered species of fish in the family Goodeidae, endemic to the Lago de Magdalena basin near Guadalajara in Jalisco, Mexico.

Goodeidae
Goodeidae is  a family  of teleost fish endemic to Mexico and some areas of the United States. Many species are known as splitfins. This family contains about 50 species within 18 genera. The family is named after ichthyologist George Brown Goode (1851–1896).

The earliest fossil goodeid is Tapatia, a goodeine from the middle Miocene of Mexico. The earliest fossil empetrichthyine is Empetrichthys erdisi from the Miocene or Pliocene of California.