hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kingdom (biology)
In biology, a kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla (singular phylum).

Traditionally, textbooks from the United States and some of Canada have used a system of six kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea or Archaebacteria, and Bacteria or Eubacteria), while textbooks in other parts of the world, such as Bangladesh, Brazil, Greece, India, Pakistan, Spain, and the United Kingdom have used five kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Monera).

Some recent classifications based on modern cladistics have explicitly abandoned the term kingdom, noting that some traditional kingdoms are not monophyletic, meaning that they do not consist of all the descendants of a common ancestor. The terms flora (for plants), fauna (for animals), and, in the 21st century, funga (for fungi) are also used for life present in a particular region or time.

Funga
Funga is all the fungi of a particular region, habitat, or geological period. In life sciences, "funga" is a recent term (2000s) for the kingdom Fungi similar to the longstanding fauna for animals and flora for plants. The term seeks to simplify projects oriented toward implementation of educational and conservation goals. It highlights parallel terminology referring to treatments of these macroorganisms in particular geographical areas. An official proposal for the term occurred in 2018, despite previous use.

The Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in August 2021 called for the recognition of fungi as one of three kingdoms of life, and critical to protecting and restoring Earth. Funga was recommended by the IUCN in 2021. They ask that the phrase animals and plants be replaced by animals, fungi, and plants, and fauna and flora by fauna, flora, and funga.
Alter (name)
Alter is both a surname and a given name. German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): distinguishing epithet for the older of two bearers of the same personal name. For the Ashkenazim: from the Yiddish personal name Alter, an inflected form of alt (‘old’). This was in part an omen name, expressing the parents’ hope that the child would live a long life; in part an apotropaic name, given to a child born after the death of a sibling, but also said to have sometimes been assumed by someone who was seriously ill. The purpose is supposed to have been to confuse the Angel of Death into thinking that the person was old and thus not worth claiming as a victim.

Notable people with the name include:

Apotropaic magic
Apotropaic magic (From Ancient Greek: ἀποτρέπω, romanized: apotrépō, lit. 'to ward off') or protective magic is a type of magic intended to turn away harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the evil eye. Apotropaic observances may also be practiced out of superstition or out of tradition, as in good luck charms (perhaps some token on a charm bracelet), amulets, or gestures such as crossed fingers or knocking on wood, or as part of complex rituals of social transformation such as migration. Many different objects and charms are used for protection by many peoples throughout history.
Liebling Kreuzberg
Liebling Kreuzberg is a television series on German TV network ARD, which was first aired in five seasons with a total of 58 episodes from 1986 to 1998.

The scripts of seasons one through three and five were written by Jurek Becker, who tailor-made the role of idiosyncratic Berlin Kreuzberg attorney Robert Liebling for his friend Manfred Krug, the fourth season was written by Ulrich Plenzdorf. The series was directed by Heinz Schirk (first season), Werner Masten (second to fourth season) and Vera Loebner (fifth season). It was produced by SFB, NDR and WDR. The music of the first season was composed by Hans-Martin Majewski, in the later seasons by Klaus Doldinger.

Jurek Becker
Jurek Becker (German: [ˈjuːʁɛk ˈbɛkɐ] ⓘ; c. 30 September 1937 – 14 March 1997) was a Polish-born German writer, screenwriter and East German dissident. His most famous novel is Jacob the Liar, which has been made into two films. He lived in Łódź during World War II for about two years and survived the Holocaust.
Virgil von Graben
Virgil von Graben (1430/1440–1507), also Virgil vom Graben, was an Austrian noble, politician and diplomat. He was one of the most important noblemen and officials in the County of Gorizia and in the Habsburg Empire of Frederick III. and Maximilian I.

House of Gorizia
The House of Gorizia, also called the Meinhardiner, were a comital, princely and ducal dynasty in the Holy Roman Empire. Named after Gorizia Castle in Gorizia (now in Italy, on the border with Slovenia), they were originally "advocates" (Vogts) in the Patriarchate of Aquileia who ruled the County of Gorizia (Görz) from the early 12th century until the year 1500. Staunch supporters of the Emperors against the papacy, they reached the height of their power in the aftermath of the battle of Marchfeld between the 1280s and 1310s, when they controlled most of contemporary Slovenia, western and south-western Austria and part of northeast Italy mostly as (princely) Counts of Gorizia and Tyrol, Landgraves of Savinja and Dukes of Carinthia and Carniola. After 1335, they began a steady decline until their territories had shrunk back to the original County of Gorizia by the mid 1370s. Their remaining lands were inherited by the Habsburg ruler Maximilian I.
Transatlantic cables incident
In 1959, the Soviet vessel MV Novorossiysk was boarded by personnel from the United States warship USS Roy O. Hale in response to a complaint filed by AT&T and Western Union over breakages in their undersea telecommunications cables. It was the first and, until 2024, only enforcement action taken under the Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables of 1884.

Accidental damage to undersea cables by fishing vessels was a common occurrence at the time and a U.S. Navy investigation concluded that Novorossiysk may have unintentionally cut the cables. The Soviet Union denounced the U.S. boarding action as "provocative".

2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions
On 17–18 November 2024, two submarine telecommunication cables, the BCS East-West Interlink and C-Lion1 fibre-optic cables, were disrupted in the Baltic Sea. The incidents involving both cables occurred in close proximity to each other and near-simultaneously, which prompted accusations from European government officials and NATO member states of hybrid warfare and sabotage as the cause of the damage. Currently, the damage to those undersea cables has not been conclusively attributed to any specific party. Investigations are ongoing and since 19 November, the Chinese cargo ship Yi Peng 3 has been under scrutiny due to its presence near the cables at the time of the incidents. Western intelligence officials believe the ship's anchor may have caused the damage, either accidentally or under the influence of Russian intelligence.
Mallotophenone
Mallotophenone is a dimeric phloroglucinol found in Mallotus oppositifolius or in Mallotus japonicus.

The bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the leaves and inflorescence of M. oppositifolius collected in Madagascar led to the isolation of the two new bioactive dimeric phloroglucinols mallotophenone, together with mallotojaponins B and C. These compounds show antiproliferative and antiplasmodial activities.

Mallotus japonicus
Mallotus japonicus (Chinese: 野梧桐), also known as East Asian mallotus, the food wrapper plant or "Akamegashiwa" in Japanese, is a plant species in the genus Mallotus native to China. It is also found in Japan and Korea. This species was first described in 1865,  its name was verified by AAS Systematic Botanists on October 2, 2015.

The plant is dioecious. The young shoots are red-coloured. The larvae of the moth Deoptilia heptadeta mine the leaves to feed.
George Farm
George Neil Farm (13 July 1924 – 18 July 2004) was a Scottish professional football goalkeeper and manager.

Born in Slateford, a suburb of Edinburgh, Farm represented his country on ten occasions, the last three of which occurred after a gap of five years. He played briefly for Hibernian before making over 500 appearances for Blackpool winning the FA Cup once and collecting one FA Cup runners-up medal. With Blackpool he also finished runners-up once in the league to Manchester United. He made over 100 appearances for Queen of the South who he also managed in a promotion to Scotland's top division. he repeated that promotion managing Raith Rovers. He managed Dunfermline Athletic to a Scottish Cup victory and the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners' Cup.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
Dawson Luas stop
Dawson (Irish: Dásain) is a stop on the Luas light-rail tram system in Dublin, Ireland.  It opened in 2017 as the first stop on Luas Cross City, an extension of the Green Line through the city centre from St. Stephen's Green to Broombridge.  It is located on Dawson Street and provides access to the Grafton Street shopping district, the seat of the legislature at Leinster House on Kildare Street, St. Ann's Church, the Kerlin Gallery, Mansion House (the Lord Mayor's residence), and the National Library of Ireland, as well as Trinity College Dublin (Arts Block entrance). Its side platforms are integrated into the pavement.

Dawson Street
Dawson Street (/ˈdɔːsən/; Irish: Sráid Dásain) is a street on the southern side of central Dublin, running from St Stephen's Green to the walls of Trinity College Dublin. It is the site of the residence of the Lord Mayor of Dublin, the Mansion House.
Modern Defense
The Modern Defense (also known as the Robatsch Defense) is a hypermodern chess opening which usually starts with the opening moves:

1. e4 g6

Black allows White to occupy the center with pawns on d4 and e4, then proceeds to attack and undermine this "ideal" center without attempting to occupy it. The Modern Defense is closely related to the Pirc Defense, the primary difference being that in the Modern, Black delays developing the knight to f6. This delay of attacking White's pawn on e4 gives White the option of blunting the g7-bishop with c2–c3. There are numerous transpositional possibilities between the two openings.

The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings (ECO) classifies the Modern Defense as code B06, while codes B07 to B09 are assigned to the Pirc. The tenth edition of Modern Chess Openings (1965) grouped the Pirc and Robatsch together as the "Pirc–Robatsch Defense". The opening has been most notably used by British grandmasters Nigel Davies and Colin McNab.

Karl Robatsch
Karl Robatsch (October 14, 1929 in Klagenfurt – September 19, 2000) was a leading Austrian chess player and a noted botanist.

He moved to Graz at the age of 17 to become a student and often frequented the Mountainside Café, a popular meeting place for chess players. As he already had a recognisable chess talent, he joined a local club 'SK Gemeinde' (Municipal chess club) and quickly advanced to master standard.
Tosya
Tosya (Ottoman Turkish: طوسيه), previously called Theodosia (Greek: Θεοδοσία) or Doceia (Greek: Δοκεία) under the Byzantine Empire, is a town in Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Tosya District. Its population is 28,963 (2021). It is the home town of the famous Boyner family and the birthplace of Markos Vafeiadis (1906–1992), a famous Greek politician.

The North Anatolian Fault is located in this area.  This caused a major earthquake in 1943.

Markos Vafeiadis
Markos Vafeiadis (also spelled as Vafiadis and Vafiades; Greek: Μάρκος Βαφειάδης; (1906-01-28)28 January 1906 – (1992-02-22)22 February 1992) was a leading figure of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) during the Greek Resistance and the Greek Civil War.
Plateliai
Plateliai (Samogitian: Platelē; Polish: Płótele) is a town in Samogitia, Lithuania. It is situated on the west bank of Lake Plateliai, the largest lake in Samogitia. The town has a population of about 1,100 people and is the center of an elderate in Plungė district municipality. It is the administrative center of the Žemaitija National Park. The town is a popular resort in Samogitia and attracts many tourists.

Plateliai Lake
Lake Plateliai (Samogitian dialect: Plateliu ežers) is the biggest lake in Samogitia and 9th biggest in Lithuania. It is the central attraction in the Žemaitija National Park. It covers about 12 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi) and reaches up to 49 metres (161 ft) in depth. It has seven islands, one of them housed a castle and now is called Castle Island. Archeologists found remains of two castles and think it might be the Queen Bona castle. The lake has both diving and yacht clubs. Plateliai town is located on the west bank of the lake.
Open Hand Chicago
Open Hand Chicago was originally founded in 1988. It was co-founded by Chicago AIDS activists including Lori Cannon, James Cappleman, Greg Harris, and Tom Tunney. Using San Francisco's Project Open Hand as a model, Open Hand Chicago delivered 41,476 meals in its first year.

Open Hand Chicago began as a food delivery service for people with HIV/AIDS. It expanded into a food pantry. In 2011 it became part of Heartland Alliance and then became Vital Bridges Food Program as part of the consolidation of Chicago Community Response, Open Hand Chicago, and The HIV Coalition.

In 1994 Open Hand Chicago was inducted into the Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame.

Lori Cannon
Lori F. Cannon (May 22, 1951 – August 3, 2025) was an American AIDS activist who was based in Chicago. She was a volunteer at Chicago House and Social Service Agency, the non-profit organization providing housing and hospice during the AIDS crisis. She then worked with the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt, helping to establish the Chicago chapter. She was involved with the 1988, 1990, and 1994 installations of the quilt in Chicago, coordinating media and public relations activities.
Diborane
Diborane(6), commonly known as diborane, is the inorganic compound with the formula B2H6. It is a highly  toxic, colorless, and pyrophoric gas with a repulsively sweet odor. Given its simple formula, diborane is a fundamental boron compound. It has attracted wide attention for its unique electronic structure. Several of its derivatives are useful reagents.

Lithium hydride
Lithium hydride (LiH) is an inorganic compound composed of lithium and hydrogen. This alkali metal hydride is a colorless solid, although commercial samples are grey. Characteristic of a salt-like (ionic) hydride, it has a high melting point, and it is not soluble but reactive with all protic organic solvents. It is soluble and nonreactive with certain molten salts such as lithium fluoride, lithium borohydride, and sodium hydride. With a molar mass of 7.95 g/mol, it is the lightest ionic compound.
Královo Pole indoor arena
Královo Pole indoor arena was an indoor sporting arena located in Brno-Královo Pole, Brno, Czech Republic.  The capacity of the arena was 12,000 people. It opened in 1947 and closed in 2000. Prior to its closure, it served as the primary arena for HC Kometa Brno.

Brno-Královo Pole
Brno-Královo Pole (German: Königsfeld, lit. 'Brno-King's Field') is a city district of Brno, the second largest city in the Czech Republic. It is made up of the cadastral territories of Královo Pole, Ponava and Sadová, as well as the northwestern corner of Černá Pole. The municipal district was established on November 24, 1990. It has about 30,000 inhabitants.

Formerly a village, it was annexed into Brno in 1919. A post office was opened 30 November 1868. For the purposes of the senate elections, the territory of the district is included in electoral district number 60 of Brno-City District.
Bathroom Singer
Bathroom Singer is  a reality television show on Sahara Filmy, named after the concept of bathroom singing. Ravi Kishan and Shibani Kashyap were the judges of the show. The show focussed more on the entertainment factor of the participants than on their singing talent.

Ravi Kishan
Ravindra Kishan Shukla (born 17 July 1969), popularly known as Ravi Kishan, is an Indian actor, politician, film producer and television personality. He currently serves as Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Gorakhpur. He received a Sansad Ratna award in 2025 for his performance in parliamentary duties. His film works are predominantly in Bhojpuri and Hindi cinema, as well as Telugu cinema. He has also appeared in a few Kannada and Tamil films.

In 2006, he participated in Bigg Boss. He ended up as the second runner up. He was also a contestant on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5 in 2012.

Kishan won Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor and IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Laapataa Ladies.
Wentworth family
The members of the Wentworth family of both the United States and Australia, as listed below, are descended from Thomas Wentworth and Jane, the daughter of Sir Oliver Mirfield. Sir Oliver died about 1522. The American Wentworths of New Hampshire are descended from Thomas' son Oliver. The Wentworth branch of Virginia and Maryland, and the Australian Wentworths, are descended from another son Roger. The Wentworth family, along with the Arden family, the Berkeley family, the Swinton family, and the Grindlay family, is descended in the male line from pre-Norman Conquest Anglo-Saxon roots.

Grindlay family
The Grindlay family (Old English: [compound] Grēne/Grynde + Leāh/Leā) is an Anglo-Scottish knightly family of medieval origin.

Among the oldest landed families in Great Britain, it now has two primary branches, one in the English Midlands and the other in the former Scottish Marches, with a small presence in Ireland, North America, Australasia, and South Africa. The family established themselves as landed lords, knights, and gentry, but more recently were prominent British bankers (see Grindlays Bank), officials, industrialists, soldiers, and freemasons during the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.

As an armigerous family whose position arose from feudal manorial lordships and knightly service, the Grindlay family rank among the British minor nobility or noblesse d'épée.
Kelly Morrison
Kelly Louise Morrison (born February 2, 1969) is an American physician and politician who has served as the U.S. representative for Minnesota's 3rd congressional district since 2025. Morrison was a member of the Minnesota Senate from 2023 to 2024. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, she represented District 45 in the western Twin Cities metropolitan area, which includes the cities of Minnetonka, Mound, Minnetrista, and Orono in Hennepin County. She served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 2019 to 2023.

On November 9, 2023, Morrison announced she would run in the Democratic primary for Minnesota's 3rd congressional district in the 2024 House elections, after the incumbent, Dean Phillips, announced his run against President Joe Biden in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries. She was elected on November 5, 2024, defeating Republican Tad Jude.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
Tiny Toons Looniversity
Tiny Toons Looniversity is an American animated sitcom developed by Erin Gibson and Nate Cash for Cartoon Network and Max. It serves as a reboot of Tiny Toon Adventures and features older versions of the characters.

Two seasons were ordered to be produced by Amblin Television and Warner Bros. Animation. The first season was released on September 8, 2023, on Max, followed by a televised premiere on Cartoon Network on September 9. The first half of the second season was released on March 8, 2024, along with a Spring Break special, which both premiered on Cartoon Network from April 6. A Winter special was released on December 6, 2024. The second half was released on March 22, 2025, alongside a Halloween special.

Foghorn Leghorn
Foghorn Leghorn is a cartoon character, an anthropomorphic rooster who appears in Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons and films from Warner Bros. Animation. He was created by Robert McKimson, and starred in 29 cartoons from 1946 to 1964 in the golden age of American animation. All 29 of these cartoons were directed by McKimson.

Foghorn Leghorn's first appearance was in the 1946 Henery Hawk short Walky Talky Hawky. Foghorn's voice was created and originally performed by Mel Blanc and was later voiced by Jeff Bergman, Joe Alaskey, Greg Burson, Frank Gorshin, Jeff Bennett, Bill Farmer, and Eric Bauza.
2027 Ryder Cup
The 46th Ryder Cup Matches will be held at Adare Manor, a golf course in County Limerick, Ireland, on 17–19 September 2027. It will be the first Ryder Cup held in Ireland since 2006. The Irish government is expected to spend €58 million on the event, with €22.5 million of that cost going to an event licence fee from the European Tour.

Adare Manor
Adare Manor is a manor house located on the banks of the River Maigue in the village of Adare, County Limerick, Ireland, the former seat of the  Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl. The present house was built in the early 19th century, though retaining some of the walls of the 17th-century structure. It is now the Adare Manor Hotel & Golf Resort, a luxury hotel, and contains the Michelin-starred Oak Room restaurant. It will host the centenary Ryder Cup in September 2027.
Conversano Castle
The Castle of Conversano is a castle in Conversano, Italy. It is located on the highest point of the hill on which the city stands in a position able to dominate the whole surrounding territory to the sea, and borders the old Largo della Corte, a large irregularly shaped square always at the heart of the city life.

Conversano
Conversano (Barese: Cunverséne) is an ancient town and comune in the  Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, south-eastern Italy. It is 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Bari and 7 kilometres (4 mi) from the Adriatic coast, at 219 metres (719 ft) above sea level.

The counts of Conversano owned a stud that they used to breed black Neapolitan stallions with Barb and Andalusian genetic backgrounds: these horses had strong ram-like heads, short backs, and broad hocks. One horse born in 1767, Conversano,  became one of the principal stallions for establishing the Lipizzan horses (Lipizzaner).