hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Category of topological spaces
In mathematics, the category of topological spaces, often denoted , is the category whose objects are topological spaces and whose morphisms are continuous maps.  This is a category because the composition of two continuous maps is again continuous, and the identity function is continuous. The study of  and of properties of topological spaces using the techniques of category theory is known as categorical topology.

N.B. Some authors use the name  for the categories with topological manifolds, with 
compactly generated spaces as objects and continuous maps as morphisms or with the category of compactly generated weak Hausdorff spaces.

Initial topology
In general topology and related areas of mathematics, the initial topology (or induced topology or weak topology or limit topology or projective topology) on a set  with respect to a family of functions on  is the coarsest topology on  that makes those functions continuous.

The subspace topology and product topology constructions are both special cases of initial topologies. Indeed, the initial topology construction can be viewed as a generalization of these.

The dual notion is the final topology, which for a given family of functions mapping to a set  is the finest topology on  that makes those functions continuous.
Spunge
Spunge (often typeset as [spunge]) is a ska punk band from Tewkesbury, England. Through many years of touring, Spunge have toured with or played alongside a number of UK bands; and several American bands such as Green Day, Dropkick Murphys and Reel Big Fish; and been supported on a UK tour by Bowling for Soup; the latter of whom contributed backing vocals to the song "Centerfold" on the That Should Cover It! album.

In 2019 the band toured the UK supporting Reel Big Fish, playing the same set they recorded for the album Live in 'nam... (Cheltenham)

The Story So Far (Spunge album)
The Story So Far is the third album by the Tewkesbury ska punk band Spunge. It was released on 26 August 2002 on the B-Unique Records label and recorded at two studios, Sawmills and Jacobs. The record was produced by John Cornfield (Supergrass, Muse) and Chris Sheldon (Foo Fighters, Therapy?).

The album perhaps marks a change in the band's sound, from a more laid-back ska style to a more rock sound. Two singles, "Jump on Demand" and "Roots", were released from the album.

The album peaked at #48 on the UK Albums Chart, while the singles "Jump on Demand" and "Roots" peaked at #39 and #52 on the UK singles chart, respectively.

The Story So Far includes a new version of the single "Ego", from Room For Abuse.
Xantusia
Xantusia (/zænˈtuːziə/) is one of three genera of night lizards (family Xantusiidae). Species of Xantusia are small to medium-sized, viviparous (live-bearing) lizards found in the U.S. Southwest and in northern Mexico. 
These lizards display morphological adaptations to specific microhabitats. They occupy rock crevices and decaying plants. Rock dwellers generally have brighter coloration, longer limbs and digits, and larger size than plant dwellers, which are generally duller, smaller, and have shorter limbs. 

Species of the genus Xantusia are remarkably disjunct, with populations scattered throughout the deserts and mountains of the far western borderlands with only a handful of recorded cases of interspecific allopatry. The genus contains at least seven distinct cases of morphological convergence to the rock dwelling ecomorph in Arizona, California, Baja California, and Central Mexico.

Night lizard
Night lizards (family Xantusiidae) are a group of small scincomorph lizards native to North America, averaging from less than 4 cm (1.6 in) to over 12 cm (4.7 in) snout–vent length. Most species are viviparous (live-bearing), with the exception of those in the genus Cricosaura. The family has only three living genera, with approximately 34 living species. The genera are divided by geographic range: Xantusia in southwestern North America and Baja California, Cricosaura in Cuba, and Lepidophyma, the most populous night lizard genus, in Central America.
Tewfik Pasha
Mohamed Tewfik Pasha (Arabic: محمد توفيق باشا Muḥammad Tawfīq Bāshā; April 30 or 15 November 1852 – 7 January 1892), also known as Tawfiq of Egypt, was khedive of Egypt and the Sudan between 1879 and 1892 and the sixth ruler from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. He inherited a state suffering under the financial and political mismanagement of his predecessor Isma'il. Disaffection in the Egyptian army as well as Anglo-French control of the state in the 1880s culminated in the anti-foreign Urabi revolt. Tewfik also took interest in matters concerning irrigation, education and justice; as well as selling his father's female slaves and closing the court's harem quarters.

Khedive
Khedive (/kəˈdiːv/ kə-DEEV; Ottoman Turkish: خدیو, romanized: hidiv; borrowed from Persian: خدیو, romanized: xædīv) was an honorific title of Classical Persian origin used for the sultans and grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, but most famously for the viceroy of Egypt from 1805 to 1914.

It is attested in Persian poetry from the 10th century and was used as an Ottoman honorific from the 16th. It was borrowed into Ottoman Turkish directly from Persian. It was first used in Egypt, without official recognition, by Muhammad Ali Pasha, the ethnically Albanian governor of Ottoman Egypt and Turco-Egyptian Sudan from 1805 to 1848. The initially self-declared title was officially recognized by the Ottoman government in 1867 and used subsequently by Isma'il Pasha of Egypt and his dynastic successors until 1914. The term entered Arabic in Egypt in the 1850s.
2018–19 FIS Cup (ski jumping)
The 2018/19 FIS Cup (ski jumping) was the 14th FIS Cup season in ski jumping for men and the 7th for women.

Other competitive circuits that season included the World Cup, Grand Prix, Continental Cup, FIS Race, and Alpen Cup.

2018 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The 2018 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix was the 25th Summer Grand Prix season in ski jumping on plastic for men and the 7th for ladies.

Other competitive circuits this season included the World Cup, Continental Cup, FIS Cup, FIS Race and Alpen Cup.
Klekkende Høj
Klekkende Høj is a megalithic tomb on the island of Møn in Denmark. It takes its name from its location near the village of Klekkende. "Høj" stems from the Old Norse word haugr (Swedish "hög"), meaning hill, mound or barrow.

Møn
Møn (Danish pronunciation: [ˈmøˀn]) is an island in south-eastern Denmark. Until 1 January 2007, it was a municipality in its own right but it is now part of the municipality of Vordingborg, after merging with the former municipalities of Langebæk, Præstø, and Vordingborg. This has created a municipality with an area of 615 km2 (237 sq mi) and a total population of 46,307 (2005). It belongs to the Region Sjælland ("Zealand Region"). Møn is one of Denmark's most popular destinations for tourists with its white chalk cliffs, countryside, sandy beaches and the market town of Stege. In June 2017, UNESCO designated Møn as Denmark's first biosphere reserve, consisting of "a series of islands and islets in the southern Baltic Sea, over approximately 45,118 hectares (111,490 acres). Its landscapes include woodlands, grasslands, meadows, wetlands, coastal areas, ponds and steep hills."
TVP3 Katowice
TVP3 Katowice a.k.a. TV Katowice also Television Katowice is one of the regional branches of the TVP, Poland's public television broadcaster. It serves the entire Silesian Voivodeship with particular dedication to the Metropolis GZM and Katowice metropolitan area.

Telewizja Polska
Telewizja Polska S.A. (pronounced [tɛlɛˈvizja ˈpɔlska]; TVP), also known in English as Polish Television, is a public service broadcaster in Poland, founded in 1952. It is the oldest and largest Polish television network.

After 2015, when the right-wing populist Law and Justice (PiS) party won the Polish parliamentary election, TVP progressively aligned with the speaking points of the PiS government. In the run-up to the 2023 Polish parliamentary election, TVP was designated as a "propaganda arm" of PiS by European media and as "a factory of hate" by the Polish opposition. However, after the electoral victory of the opposition party the Civic Platform in 2023, a newly-appointed Minister of Culture began a restructuring of the broadcaster and its news segment. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, due to the President's veto on the financing of the company, placed it in liquidation.
Toei Mita Line
The Toei Mita Line (都営地下鉄三田線, Toei Chikatetsu Mita-sen) is a subway line of the municipal Toei Subway network in Tokyo, Japan. The line runs between Nishi-Takashimadaira in Itabashi and Meguro in Shinagawa. Trains continue with direct service into the Meguro Line of Tokyu Corporation for Hiyoshi. The portion between Shirokane-Takanawa and Meguro is shared with the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line.

The line was named after the Mita district in Minato, Tokyo, under which it passes. On maps and signboards, the line is shown in blue. Stations carry the letter "I" followed by a two-digit number.

In fiscal year 2023, the Mita Line was Toei's second most profitable line, earning 6.30 billion yen in surplus (after the Asakusa Line). It served 606,811 passengers on average per day, the lowest in the Toei network.

Platform screen doors
Platform screen doors (PSDs), also known as platform edge doors (PEDs), are used at some train, rapid transit and people mover stations to separate the platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit, tram and light rail systems. Primarily used for passenger safety, they are a relatively new addition to many metro systems around the world, some having been retrofitted to established systems. They are widely used in newer Asian and European metro systems, and Latin American bus rapid transit systems.
Golovinsky District
Golovinsky District  (Russian: Головинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Northern Administrative Okrug, and one of the 125 raions of Moscow, Russia.  The area of the district is 8.806 square kilometers (3.400 sq mi).  According to a 2018 estimate, the population of the district is 103,148.

Northern Administrative Okrug
the Northern Administrative Okrug (Russian: Се́верный администрати́вный о́круг, romanized: Severny administrativny okrug), or Severny Administrative Okrug, is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions (administrative okrugs) of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,100,974, down from 1,112,846 recorded during the 2002 Census.
Lance Sweets
Dr. Lance Sweets, Ph.D., Psy.D., is a fictional character in the American television series Bones. He was portrayed by John Francis Daley.

Daley first made three guest appearances as Sweets during the first eight episodes of Season 3, first appearing in "The Secret in the Soil". He was promoted to a series regular and appeared in the opening credits beginning with the episode "The Santa in the Slush". He also guest-starred on the spin-off The Finder.  The character is killed off in the first episode of the show's tenth season, "The Conspiracy in the Corpse", making him the first and only main character of Bones to die.

Bones season 4
The fourth season of the American television series Bones premiered on September 3, 2008, with a two-hour episode, and concluded on May 14, 2009, on Fox. The show changed time slots again, airing on Wednesdays at 8:00 pm ET before moving to Thursdays at 8:00 pm ET in 2009. The season consisted of 26 episodes and averaged 10.8 million viewers.
Leopardstown
Leopardstown (Irish: Baile na Lobhar, meaning 'town of the lepers'), historically called Ballinlore, is a suburb of Dublin, Ireland, at the foot of the Wicklow Mountains. With institutional lands and a large racecourse, it is divided by the M50 motorway, and adjoins Sandyford, Stepaside, Ballyogan, Carrickmines, Foxrock and Stillorgan.

Foxrock
Foxrock (Irish: Carraig an tSionnaigh) is an affluent suburb on the southside of Dublin, Ireland. It is within the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, in the postal district of Dublin 18 and in the Catholic parish of Foxrock.
Legacy Recordings
Legacy Recordings is an American record label that is a division of Sony Music. Formed in 1990 after Sony's acquisition of CBS Records, Legacy originally handled the archives of Sony Music-owned labels Columbia Records and Epic Records. In 2004, under the Sony BMG joint venture, the label began to manage the archives of RCA Records, J Records, Windham Hill Records, Arista, LaFace, Jive, and Buddah Records. Legacy Recordings also distributes Philadelphia International Records and the catalog of recordings produced by Phil Spector. It is not related to the defunct British independent label Legacy Records.

Sony BMG
Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann. The venture's successor, the revived Sony Music, is wholly owned by Sony, following their buyout of the remaining 50% held by Bertelsmann. BMG was instead rebuilt as BMG Rights Management on the basis of the remaining 200 artists.
Orbital (1993 album)
Orbital (also known as Orbital 2 or the Brown Album) is the second studio album by English electronic music duo Orbital, released on 24 May 1993 by Internal and FFRR Records. Like the duo's debut album, the album was officially untitled.

The album peaked at number 28 on the UK Albums Chart.

Halcyon (Orbital song)
"Halcyon" is a song written and performed by English electronic music duo Orbital, dedicated to  Phil and Paul Hartnoll's mother, who was addicted to the tranquilliser Halcion (Triazolam) for many years. It was released as Radiccio EP in the UK and Japan, and as Halcyon EP in the US.
Levi-Civita parallelogramoid
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the Levi-Civita parallelogramoid is a quadrilateral in a curved space whose construction generalizes that of a parallelogram in the Euclidean plane.  It is named for its discoverer, Tullio Levi-Civita. Like a parallelogram, two opposite sides AA′ and BB′ of a parallelogramoid are parallel (via parallel transport along side AB) and the same length as each other, but the fourth side A′B′ will not in general be parallel to or the same length as the side AB, although it will be straight (a geodesic).

Parallelogram
In Euclidean geometry, a parallelogram is a simple (non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. The opposite or facing sides of a parallelogram are of equal length and the opposite angles of a parallelogram are of equal measure. The congruence of opposite sides and opposite angles is a direct consequence of the Euclidean parallel postulate and neither condition can be proven without appealing to the Euclidean parallel postulate or one of its equivalent formulations.

By comparison, a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides is a trapezoid in American English or a trapezium in British English.

The three-dimensional counterpart of a parallelogram is a parallelepiped.

The word "parallelogram" comes from the Greek παραλληλό-γραμμον, parallēló-grammon, which means "a shape of parallel lines".
Dave Lindorff
Dave Lindorff is an American investigative reporter, filmmaker, a columnist for CounterPunch and a contributor to Tarbell.org, The Nation, FAIR and Salon.com. His work was highlighted by Project Censored 2004, 2011 and 2012.

Born in 1949, Lindorff lives just outside Philadelphia.

Theodore Hall
Theodore Alvin Hall (October 20, 1925 – November 1, 1999) was an American physicist and an atomic spy for the Soviet Union, who, during his work on United States efforts to develop the first and second atomic bombs during World War II (the Manhattan Project), gave a detailed description of the "Fat Man" plutonium bomb, and of several processes for purifying plutonium, to Soviet intelligence.

His brother, Edward N. Hall, was a rocket scientist who led the U.S. Air Force's program to develop an intercontinental ballistic missile, personally designing the Minuteman missile and convincing the Pentagon and President Eisenhower to adopt it as a key part of the nation's strategic nuclear triad.
Cluses station
Cluses station (French: Gare de Cluses) is a railway station in the commune of Cluses, in the French department of Haute-Savoie. It is located on the standard gauge La Roche-sur-Foron–Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet line of SNCF.

Cluses
Cluses (French pronunciation: [klyz]; Savoyard: Clluses) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

Citizens are known as Clusiens.  The commune is situated in the Arve Valley, on the river which bears the same name.  Cluses is known for its Alpine setting and (during the first part of the 20th century) its watch-making industry.
Cedar Falls Downtown Historic District
The Cedar Falls Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.  It is made up of 59 buildings that were constructed between 1860 and 1960.  Of those, 46 were determined to be significantly historic.  Four of the buildings were individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in previous years; they include the Black Hawk Hotel (1870), the Odd Fellows Temple (1902), and the Oster Regent Theater (1910).

Cotton Theatre
The Cotton Theatre, also known as Regent Theatre and Oster Regent Theatre, is a theater located at the corner of 1st Street and Main Street in downtown Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. It was named for local Cedar Falls resident Frank Cotton who built the theater in 1909 and 1910.

In its 1993 nomination to the National Register of Historic Places it was deemed "one of the best examples of commercial architecture on Cedar Falls' main street" and was then the only existing theatre there. It is in Italian Renaissance style.: 9
William Davey
Christianity portal

William Davey (28 July 1825, Thorpe, Norwich – 26 March 1917, Llandaff) was Dean of Llandaff from 1897 until 1913.

Davey was educated at Charterhouse and Lincoln College, Oxford. He was a Master at Marlborough College before becoming a tutor of Chichester Theological College, then Cuddeson, and finally St David's College, Lampeter. He was a Prebendary of St David's Cathedral from 1876 until 1895; and Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Llandaff from 1895 to 1905.

Dean of Llandaff
Dean of Llandaff is the title given to the head of the chapter of Llandaff Cathedral, which is located in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales.  It is not an ancient office – the head of the chapter was historically the Archdeacon who appears in this role in the Liber Landavensis and in the Chapter Acts preserved in the Glamorgan Records Office – but the office of a separate Dean was established by act of parliament in 1843. A century later, the Deanery was merged with the Vicarage of Llandaff. The Chapter forfeited its legal rights on Disestablishment in 1920, when the Dean and Chapter as an ecclesiastical corporation was dissolved, under the terms of the Welsh Church Act 1914. There continues, however, to be a Dean and Chapter under the scheme or constitution made under the Constitution of the Church in Wales.
Tekonsha, Michigan
Tekonsha is a village in Tekonsha Township, Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 653 at the 2020 census.

Tekonsha Township, Michigan
Tekonsha Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,520 at the 2020 census.
Taishō, Kōchi
Taishō (大正町, Taishō-chō) was a town located in Hata District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,240 and a density of 16.26 persons per km2. The total area was 199.32 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Taishō, along with the town of Kubokawa (from Takaoka District), and the town of Towa (also from Hata District), was merged to create the town of Shimanto (in Takaoka District) and no longer exists as in independent municipality.

Takaoka District, Kōchi
Takaoka (高岡郡, Takaoka-gun) is a district located in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of the Shimanto merger but with 2003 population statistics, the district has an estimated population of 68,854 and a density of 45.1 persons per km2. The total area is 1,527.65 square kilometres (589.83 sq mi).
Sir Thomas Mostyn, 6th Baronet
Sir Thomas Mostyn, 6th Baronet (20 October 1776 – 17 April 1831) of Mostyn Hall, Flintshire and Gloddaeth Hall, Caernarvonshire, was a Welsh Member of Parliament.

He was the only son of Sir Roger Mostyn, 5th Baronet and educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. He succeeded his father to the baronetcy in 1796.

He was MP for Flintshire from 1796 to 1797 and again from 1799 to 1831. He was appointed High Sheriff of Caernarvonshire for 1798–99 and High Sheriff of Merionethshire for 1799–1800.

He died unmarried in 1831 and the baronetcy became extinct. His main estates passed to his sister Elizabeth and her husband, Sir Edward Pryce Lloyd, who was created Baron Mostyn later that year. The Baron's son adopted the additional name of Mostyn.

Sheriff of Merionethshire
This is a list of Sheriffs of Merionethshire (or Sheriffs of Meirionnydd). The historic county of Merioneth was originally created in 1284. The administrative county of Merioneth was created from the historic county under the Local Government Act 1888.

A Sheriff is the legal representative of the monarch, and is appointed annually for each county in Wales and England. Their duty is to keep the peace in the county, and to ensure the country follows the law of the monarch. Originally, the job was a position of status and strength, but today it is principally a ceremonial role.

On 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, the shrievalties of Merionethshire, together with that of Anglesey and Caernarvonshire were abolished, being replaced by the new office of High Sheriff of Gwynedd.
Shaheed Bulu Stadium
Shaheed Bhulu Stadium (Bengali: শহীদ ভুলু স্টেডিয়াম) is the district stadium of  Noakhali, Bangladesh. The Stadium is situated near College Gate in Noakhali municipality. Stadium is used for national parade, professional and district level football and cricket leagues.  It has become a venue of first class and list A cricket since 2000. This is the 15th venue used for Bangladesh Premier League (BPL) matches.

Noakhali District
Noakhali District (Bengali: নোয়াখালী জেলা), historically known as Bhulua (Bengali: ভুলুয়া), is a district in southeastern Bangladesh, located in Chattogram Division. It was established as a district in 1821, and officially named Noakhali in 1868. The district's administrative center is situated in the town of Maijdee, governed by Noakhali municipality, within Noakhali Sadar Upazila. Notably, Noakhali is the only district in Bangladesh whose capital city does not share the district's name.
12 Gold Bars
12 Gold Bars is a 1980 compilation album by the British rock band Status Quo. It reached number three in the UK charts and remained in the charts for 48 weeks. This was longer than any other Quo album.

All the songs featured on the album were hit singles during the period 1972–1979.

It was followed up by 12 Gold Bars Vol. 2 in 1984.

12 Gold Bars Vol. 2
12 Gold Bars Volume II is a 1984 compilation album by the British rock band Status Quo, released on Vertigo Records on 23 November 1984. It compiles all their UK hit singles from 1980 to 1984. The album was released as both an individual single album and as a double album with the first volume of 12 Gold Bars.