hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CAIDI
The Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) is a reliability index commonly used by electric power utilities. It is related to SAIDI and SAIFI, and is calculated as

where  is the failure rate,  is the number of customers, and  is the annual outage time for location . In other words,

CAIDI gives the average outage duration that any given customer would experience. CAIDI can also be viewed as the average restoration time.

CAIDI is measured in units of time, often minutes or hours. It is usually measured over the course of a year, and according to IEEE Standard 1366-1998 the median value for North American utilities is approximately 1.36 hours.

Reliability index
Reliability index is an attempt to quantitatively assess the reliability of a system using a single numerical value. The set of reliability indices varies depending on the field of engineering, multiple different indices may be used to characterize a single system. In the simple case of an object that cannot be used or repaired once it fails, a useful index is the mean time to failure representing an expectation of the object's service lifetime. Another cross-disciplinary index is forced outage rate (FOR), a probability that a particular type of a device is out of order. Reliability indices are extensively used in the modern electricity regulation to assess the grid reliability.
Project National Glory
Project National Glory (Chinese: 國光計劃) or Project Guoguang was a planned attempt by the Republic of China (ROC) to reconquer mainland China from the People's Republic of China (PRC) by large scale amphibious invasion after the Chinese Civil War. Guoguang was the most elaborate of the ROC plans or studies to invade the mainland after 1949. It was initiated in 1961 in response to events involving the PRC, particularly the Great Leap Forward and the Sino-Soviet split. Guoguang was never executed; it required more troops and material than the ROC could muster, and it lacked support from the United States, especially after the PRC developed nuclear weapons and the disastrous naval skirmishes at Dongshan and East Chongwu. The use of a large scale invasion as the initial stage of reunification was effectively abandoned after 1966, although the Guoguang planning organization was not abolished until 1972. The ROC did not abandon the policy of using force for reunification until 1990.

Cihu Mausoleum
Cihu Mausoleum (Chinese: 慈湖陵寢; pinyin: Cíhú Língqǐn), officially known as the Mausoleum of Late President Chiang (Chinese: 先總統　蔣公陵寢; pinyin: Xiān Zǒngtǒng Jiǎnggōng Língqǐn) or President Chiang Kai-shek Mausoleum, is the temporary resting place of President Chiang Kai-shek. It is located in Daxi District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. When Chiang Kai-shek died in 1975, he was not buried in the traditional Chinese fashion but entombed in a black marble sarcophagus, since he expressed the wish to be eventually buried in his native Fenghua in Zhejiang province once the Kuomintang (KMT) recovered mainland China from the Communists.
Autonomous republic
An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province or state. A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia.  Many of these republics were established during the Soviet period as Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, or ASSRs.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Ravensburg
Ravensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːvn̩sˌbʊʁk] ⓘ or [ˈʁaːfn̩sˌbʊʁk]; Swabian: Raveschburg) is a city in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.

Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was a Free Imperial City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" (Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft) owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.

The historic city centre is still very much intact, including three city gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification.

Upper Swabia
Upper Swabia (German: Oberschwaben [ˈoːbɐˌʃvaːbn̩] or Schwäbisches Oberland) is a region in Germany in the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. The name refers to the area between the Swabian Jura, Lake Constance and the Lech. Its counterpart is Lower Swabia (Niederschwaben), the region around Heilbronn.
Chainsaw
A chainsaw (or chain saw) is a portable handheld power saw that cuts with a set of teeth attached to a rotating chain driven along a guide bar.

Modern chainsaws are typically gasoline or electric and are used in activities such as tree felling, limbing, bucking, pruning, cutting firebreaks in wildland fire suppression, harvesting of firewood, for use in chainsaw art and chainsaw mills, for cutting concrete, and cutting ice. Precursors to modern chainsaws were first used in surgery, with patents for wood chainsaws beginning in the late 19th century.

A chainsaw comprises an engine, a drive mechanism, a guide bar, a cutting chain, a tensioning mechanism, and safety features. Various safety practices and working techniques are used with chainsaws.

Felling
Felling is the process of cutting down trees, an element of the task of logging. The person cutting the trees is a lumberjack.  A feller buncher is a machine capable of felling a single large tree or grouping and felling several small ones simultaneously.
Alliance for Space Development
The Alliance for Space Development is a space advocacy organization dedicated to influencing space policy towards the goal of permanent human settlements in space.  The founding executive members of the Alliance are the National Space Society and the Space Frontier Foundation. Member organizations of the Alliance are the Lifeboat Foundation, Mars Foundation, Mars Society, The Moon Society, Space Development Foundation, Space Development Steering Committee, Space For Humanity, Space Renaissance USA, Space Tourism Society, Students for the Exploration and Development of Space, Students on Capitol Hill, Tea Party in Space, and Waypaver Foundation. The primary goals of the Alliance are to elevate the growth of the space industry, reduce the cost of accessing space, and to clearly define space settlement as the reason for sending humans to space.

National Space Society
The National Space Society (NSS) is an American international nonprofit 501(c)(3) educational and scientific organization specializing in space advocacy. It is a member of the Independent Charities of America and an annual participant in the Combined Federal Campaign. The  society's vision is:  "People living and working in thriving communities beyond the Earth, and the use of the vast resources of space for the dramatic betterment of humanity."

The society supports human spaceflight and robotic spaceflight, by both public (e.g., NASA, Russian Federal Space Agency and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) and private sector (e.g., SpaceX, Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, etc.) organizations.
Farsley Celtic F.C.
Farsley Celtic Football Club was a football club based in Farsley, West Yorkshire, England. The club was founded in 1908, but folded in 2010 and were reformed as Farsley AFC before returning to the name Farsley Celtic in 2015. In 2025 the club resigned from the Northern Counties East League and was liquidated shortly after, becoming the phoenix club FC Farsley. The club played at Throstle Nest.

Throstle Nest
Throstle Nest is a football ground situated in Farsley, in the Metropolitan District of the City of Leeds in England, and is the current home of FC Farsley. It has a capacity of 3,900, 400 of which are seated. For the 2007–08 season Farsley Celtic agreed to let Leeds Met Carnegie also play at the ground.
Alan Cameron Walker
Alan Cameron Walker (1865–1931) was an Australian architect and philanthropist, born in Hobart, Tasmania. The grandson of John Walker, he was educated at Hutchins School and apprenticed to Henry Hunter. He produced many Tasmanian government and other buildings during his career, and was also a keen silversmith, serving as President of the Tasmanian Arts and Crafts Society for 25 years. He was the first President of the Tasmanian Architect's Registration Board.

Henry Hunter (architect)
Henry Hunter (1832–1892) was a prominent architect and civil servant in Tasmania and Queensland, Australia. He is best known for his work on churches. During his life was also at various times a state magistrate of Tasmania, a member of the Tasmanian State Board of Education, the Hobart Board of Health, a Commissioner for the New Norfolk Insane Asylum and President of the Queensland Institute of Architects.
Reich Chancellery
The Reich Chancellery (German: Reichskanzlei) was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (then called Reichskanzler) in the period of the German Reich from 1878 to 1945. The Chancellery's seat, selected and prepared since 1875, was the former city palace of Adolf Friedrich Count von der Schulenburg (1685–1741) and later Prince Antoni Radziwiłł (1775–1833) on Wilhelmstraße in Berlin. Both the palace and a new Reich Chancellery building (completed in early 1939) were seriously damaged during World War II and subsequently demolished.

Today the office of the German chancellor is usually called Kanzleramt (Chancellor's Office), or more formally Bundeskanzleramt (Federal Chancellor's Office). The latter is also the name of the new seat of the Chancellor's Office, completed in 2001.

Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park)
The Soviet War Memorial (German: Sowjetisches Ehrenmal) is a war memorial and military cemetery in Berlin's Treptower Park. It was built to the design of the Soviet architect Yakov Belopolsky to commemorate 7,000 of the 80,000 Red Army soldiers who fell in the Battle of Berlin in April–May 1945. It opened four years after the end of World War II in Europe, on 8 May 1949. The Memorial served as the central war memorial of East Germany.

The monument is one of three Soviet memorials built in Berlin after the end of the war. The other two memorials are the Tiergarten memorial, built in 1945 in the Tiergarten district of what later became West Berlin, and the Schönholzer Heide Memorial in Berlin's Pankow district.

Together with the Rear-front Memorial in Magnitogorsk and The Motherland Calls in Volgograd, the monument is a part of a triptych.
Harry Tappen Beach, Marina, and Pool
Harry Tappen Beach, Marina, and Pool (commonly referred to simply as Tappen Beach) is a town-owned park in Glenwood Landing, in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is located within and is operated by the Town of Oyster Bay.

Glenwood Landing, New York
Glenwood Landing is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 3,948 at the time of the 2020 census. It is considered part of the greater Glen Cove area, which is anchored by the City of Glen Cove.

Glenwood Landing is mainly within the Town of Oyster Bay – spare for a small section in the southwest corner, which is located within the Town of North Hempstead.
Periocular injection
Periocular injection is an ocular route of drug administration. It is well-established route of treatment for severe uveitis and cystoid macular edema (CME) by using corticosteroids.

Subconjunctival injection is one of periocular routes of administration.

Subconjunctival injection
Subconjunctival injection is a type of periocular route of injection for ocular drug administration by administration of a medication either under the conjunctiva or underneath the conjunctiva lining the eyelid.

Using the subconjunctival injection bypasses the fatty layers of the bulbous conjunctiva and putting medications adjacent to sclera that is permeable to water, this will increase the penetration of the water-soluble drug into the eye.

This route is indicated for treatment of different lesions, such as in the cornea, sclera, anterior uvea and vitreous.

Antibiotics and corticosteroids can be administered by this route.
House of Commons Information Office
The House of Commons Enquiry Service, formerly known as the House of Commons Information Office, is a section within the Department of Information Services of the House of Commons. The chief role of the office is to provide the public with information regarding the work, history and membership of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

House of Commons Library
The House of Commons Library is the library and information resource of the lower house of the British Parliament. It was established in 1818, although its original 1828 construction was destroyed during the burning of Parliament in 1834.

The library has adopted the phrase "Contributing to a well-informed democracy" as a summary of its mission statement.
Green thread
In computer programming, a green thread is a thread that is scheduled by a runtime library or virtual machine (VM) instead of natively by the underlying operating system (OS). Green threads emulate multithreaded environments without relying on any native OS abilities, and they are managed in user space instead of kernel space, enabling them to work in environments that do not have native thread support.

Thread (computing)
In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. In many cases, a thread is a component of a process.

The multiple threads of a given process may be executed concurrently (via multithreading capabilities), sharing resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources. In particular, the threads of a process share its executable code and the values of its dynamically allocated variables and non-thread-local global variables at any given time.

The implementation of threads and processes differs between operating systems.
Northwestern Hotel (Des Moines, Iowa)
The Northwestern Hotel is a historic building located in the East Village of Des Moines, Iowa, United States.   It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. In 2017 it was included as a contributing property in the East Des Moines Industrial Historic District.

East Village (Des Moines)
Historic East Village is a commercial and residential neighborhood in central Des Moines, Iowa, United States, directly east of the Downtown Des Moines area. The neighborhood is bounded by Interstate 235 on the north, the Des Moines River on the west and south, and East 14th Street on the east. It also sits adjacent to the Historic Court District, which sits west across the Des Moines River. Part of the East Village forms a nationally recognized historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

Many state and municipal buildings exist within the East Village. These include the Iowa State Capitol complex (including the Iowa Supreme Court), the State of Iowa Historical Museum, and the Des Moines Botanical Gardens.
Speak & Spell (album)
Speak & Spell is the debut studio album by the English electronic music band Depeche Mode. It was released on 29 October 1981 by Mute Records in the UK, and Sire Records in the US. It was the band's only album to feature founding member Vince Clarke.

The album peaked at number 10 on the UK Albums Chart, and was ranked number 991 in the 2000 book All Time Top 1000 Albums.

Andy Fletcher (musician)
Andrew John Fletcher (8 July 1961 – 26 May 2022), also known as Fletch, was an English keyboardist and founding member of the electronic band Depeche Mode. In 2020, he and the band were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Mat District
Mat District (Albanian: Rrethi i Matit) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 61,906 in 2001, and an area of 1,028 km2 (397 sq mi). It was named after the river Mat, which flows through the district. Its capital was the town of Burrel. Its territory is now part of Dibër County: the municipalities of Mat and Klos.

Districts of Albania
Districts (Albanian: rrathë or rrathët) were first and second-level administrative divisions of Albania from 1913–2000. Their number, size, and status changed over time. From 1991 to 2000, the 36 districts were organized into 12 counties. Pursuant to the 1998 Constitution and Law No. 8653, the districts were abolished and replaced with the larger counties and smaller municipalities.
Lantau Peak
Lantau Peak, or Fung Wong Shan (literally "Phoenix Mountain"), is a mountain in Lantau South Country Park, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. It is the second-highest peak in Hong Kong and the highest point on the island, with a height of 934 metres (3,064 ft) above the Hong Kong Principal Datum, or around 933 metres (3,061 ft) above mean sea level.

Tai Mo Shan
Tai Mo Shan (大帽山) is the highest peak in Hong Kong, with an elevation of 957 metres (3,140 ft) above the Hong Kong Principal Datum, or around 956 metres (3,136 ft) above mean sea level. It is located at approximately the geographical centre of the New Territories.

The Tai Mo Shan Country Park covers an area of 14.40 square kilometres (5.56 sq mi) around Tai Mo Shan. It is located to the north of Tai Lam Country Park. The 35-metre-high (115 ft) Long Falls at Ng Tung Chai is the highest waterfall in Hong Kong.
GauZ'
GauZ', also known as Armand Gauz, is the author name of Armand Patrick Gbaka-Brédé. He was born March 22, 1971 in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. He is an author, publisher, screenwriter, and actor. He is particularly renowned for his literary work, which explores themes of immigration, colonization, labor and identity through a lens that is often satirical and critical. He was the recipient of the Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire in 2018 and was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize in 2023. His screenwriting credits includes the Ivorian television series Ici C Babi — C’est doux mais c’est risqué (2022) and Niabla (2023), in which he also starred. He is the founder of Éditions Srèlè, a publishing house based in the Ivory Coast. He lives in Grand-Bassam.

Gibert Joseph
Gibert Joseph is a chain of bookstores and record stores in France. With a number of its branches scattered along the Boulevard Saint-Michel, Paris, culminating in its flagship store featuring "six floors of crowded shelves", it was described in 2016 as being "the biggest bookstore in Paris".
The Exodus Decoded
The Exodus Decoded is a 2006 documentary film by "investigative archaeologist" and filmmaker Simcha Jacobovici and producer/director James Cameron. It aired on April 16 on The History Channel. The documentary proposes naturalistic origins for the plagues of Egypt as described in the Book of Exodus.

Simcha Jacobovici
Simcha Jacobovici (/ˈsɪmxə jəˈkoʊboʊvɪtʃ/; Hebrew: 'שמחה יעקובוביץ; born April 4, 1953) is a Canadian–Israeli journalist and documentary filmmaker. While several scholars consider him to be a pseudo-archeologist and pseudo-historian, the New York Times dubbed him a modern-day “Indiana Jones”.
Chancellor of Austria
The chancellor of Austria, officially the federal chancellor of the Republic of Austria (German: Bundeskanzler der Republik Österreich), is the head of government of the Republic of Austria.

Twenty-nine people have served as chancellor. The current holder of the office Christian Stocker was sworn in on 3 March 2025 as chancellor.

Chancellor
Chancellor (Latin: cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the cancelli (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education, religion). Nowadays, the term is most often used to describe:

The head of the government

A person in charge of foreign affairs

A person with duties related to justice

A person in charge of financial and economic issues

The head of a university
Geitastrand Church
Geitastrand Church (Norwegian: Geitastrand kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Geitastrand, on the shore of the Trondheimsfjorden, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north of the town of Orkanger. It is the church for the Geitastrand parish which is part of the Orkdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1859 using plans drawn up by the architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. The church seats about 250 people.

Geitastrand
Geitastrand is a village in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located along the west shore of the Orkdalsfjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the town of Orkanger.

The village was the administrative centre of the old Geitastrand Municipality which existed from 1905-1963 when it became part of Orkdal Municipality. Geitastrand Church is located in the village.
Ballpoint pen knife
A ballpoint pen knife is a multi-tool pocketknife consisting of a blade concealed inside an ordinary-looking ballpoint pen. The blade, typically 50 to 125 millimetres (2 to 5 in) long, is hidden when not in use. They first appeared as custom-made pens from various custom knife makers, and were later mass-produced by other companies.

Ballpoint pen
A ballpoint pen, also known as a biro (British English), ball pen (Bangladeshi, Hong Kong, Indian, Indonesian, Pakistani, Japanese and Philippine English), or dot pen (Nepali English and South Asian English), is a pen that dispenses ink (usually in paste form) over a hard ball at its point, i.e., over a "ball point". The materials commonly used are steel, brass, or tungsten carbide. The design was conceived and developed as a cleaner and more reliable alternative to dip pens and fountain pens, and it is now the world's most-used writing instrument; millions are manufactured and sold daily. It has influenced art and graphic design and spawned an artwork genre.
Brown-capped whitestart
The brown-capped whitestart or brown-capped redstart (Myioborus brunniceps) is a species of bird in the family Parulidae.
It is found in humid Andean forests and woodlands in Bolivia and north-western Argentina. It sometimes includes the tepui whitestart as a subspecies.

Tepui whitestart
The tepui whitestart or tepui redstart (Myioborus castaneocapilla) is a species of bird in the family Parulidae.
It is found in humid highland forest, woodland and scrub in the tepuis in southern Venezuela, western Guyana and northern Brazil. It is sometimes included as a subspecies of the brown-capped whitestart.
Workers' Gymnasium
The Workers' Gymnasium (official name) is an indoor arena located west of the Workers' Stadium in Beijing, China. It was inaugurated in 1961 for the 26th World Table Tennis Championships.

It hosted the boxing events at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the Judo events at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. It is one of 11 Beijing-based venues to be renovated and upgraded for the Olympics. The arena has a seating capacity of 13,000.

Workers' Stadium
The Workers' Stadium (Chinese: 工人体育场; pinyin: Gōngrén Tǐyùchǎng) is a football stadium in Chaoyang, Beijing, China. It opened in 2023 on the site of the original Workers' Stadium, which was demolished in 2020. One of the largest football stadiums in China, the stadium is the home of Beijing Guoan, a club that plays in the Chinese Super League.