hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia (3 May 1718 – 23 October 1783) was a Sikh leader during the period of the Sikh Confederacy, being the supreme leader of the Dal Khalsa. He was also Misldar (leader or commander) of the Ahluwalia Misl. This period was an interlude, lasting roughly from the time of the death of Banda Bahadur in 1716 to the founding of the Sikh Empire in 1801. He founded the Kapurthala State in 1772.

Charat Singh
Sardar Charat Singh (1721–1770 or 1733–1774), also romanised as Charhat Singh, was the founder of Sukerchakia Misl, father of Mahan Singh, and the grandfather of Ranjit Singh, the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire. He distinguished himself at an early age in campaigns against Ahmad Shah Abdali and along with 150 horsemen split from the Singhpuria Misl to establish the Sukerchakia Misl, a separate grouping with its distinct guerilla militia.
Shifted log-logistic distribution
The shifted log-logistic distribution is a probability distribution also known as the generalized log-logistic or the three-parameter log-logistic distribution. It has also been called the generalized logistic distribution, but this conflicts with other uses of the term: see generalized logistic distribution.

Generalized logistic distribution
The term generalized logistic distribution is used as the name for several different families of probability distributions. For example, Johnson et al. list four forms, which are listed below.

Type I has also been called the skew-logistic distribution. Type IV subsumes the other types and is obtained when applying the logit transform to beta random variates. Following the same convention as for the log-normal distribution, type IV may be referred to as the logistic-beta distribution, with reference to the standard logistic function, which is the inverse of the logit transform.

For other families of distributions that have also been called generalized logistic distributions, see the shifted log-logistic distribution, which is a generalization of the log-logistic distribution; and the metalog ("meta-logistic") distribution, which is highly shape-and-bounds flexible and can be fit to data with linear least squares.
Concord High School (California)
Concord High School is a 9–12 comprehensive public high school in Concord, California, United States. It is one of the six high schools in the Mount Diablo Unified School District. Concord High School was constructed in 1966 and currently provides 144,373 square feet (13,412.7 m2) in permanent structure, including about 70 classrooms, a library, and other structures. As of 2023, the current principal is Julene MacKinnon.

Mount Diablo Unified School District
Mount Diablo Unified School District (MDUSD) is a public school district in Contra Costa County, California. It currently operates 29 elementary schools, 9 middle schools, and 5 high schools, with 7 alternative school programs and an adult education program. MDUSD is one of the largest school districts in the state of California, with over 56 school sites and a budget of approximately $270,000,000. The district has over 36,000 K-12 students, over 20,000 adult education students, and over 3,500 employees, including over 2,000 certificated educators. The district covers 150 square miles (390 km2), including the cities of Concord and Clayton; as well as most of Pleasant Hill and portions of Walnut Creek, Pittsburg, Lafayette, and Martinez; and unincorporated areas, including Pacheco, Clyde, and Bay Point.
Plockton railway station
Plockton railway station is a railway station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line, serving the village of Plockton in the Highlands, north-west Scotland. The station is 58 miles 22 chains (93.8 km) from Dingwall, between Duncraig and Duirinish. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services here.

Plockton
Plockton (Scottish Gaelic: Am Ploc/Ploc Loch Aillse) is a village in the Lochalsh, Wester Ross area of the Scottish Highlands with a 2020 population of 468. Plockton settlement is on the shores of Loch Carron. It faces east, away from the prevailing winds; this, together with the North Atlantic Drift, gives it a mild climate despite the far-north latitude, allowing the Cordyline australis cabbage tree to prosper.
Caronno Varesino
Caronno Varesino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Milan and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,761 and an area of 5.6 square kilometres (2.2 sq mi).

Caronno Varesino borders the following municipalities: Albizzate, Carnago, Castiglione Olona, Castronno, Gornate-Olona, Morazzone, Solbiate Arno.

Gornate-Olona
Gornate-Olona (Gornà in the local dialect of Lombard language) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Milan and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of Varese. As of 31 December 2015, it had a population of 2,243 and an area of 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 mi2).

Gornate-Olona borders the following municipalities: Carnago, Caronno Varesino, Castelseprio, Castiglione Olona, Lonate Ceppino, Morazzone, Venegono Inferiore.
Colombo Racecourse
Colombo Racecourse (Sinhala: කොළඹ තුරඟ තරඟ පිටිය) is a historical harness racing course in the Cinnamon Gardens, Colombo. During the Second World War, it was used as a temporary airfield. In 2012, it was redeveloped as the Colombo Racecourse Sports Complex to become the first International Rugby Union ground in Sri Lanka to host all the national rugby union side's home matches.

In 2014, the ground went through a major renovation, which included the installation of floodlights and the conversion of a substantial part of the grandstand into a shopping and dining complex. The ground hosted the 2022 SAFF U-17 Championship.

742 Naval Air Squadron
742 Naval Air Squadron (742 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN) which disbanded during August 1946. It was active initially from the end of 1943 as a Communications Squadron operating in Sri Lanka and India. It later became a Royal Navy Air Transport Squadron, covering the same geography.
NBL (Australia) All-time Records
The National Basketball League (NBL) is the premier professional men's basketball league in Australia and New Zealand. It was established in 1979. Andrew Gaze is widely considered one of the league's greatest players and features heavily in these records. Since its inaugural season he has had seven of the top ten seasons for average points scored. Gaze is also the league's highest career point scorer with 18,908. Statistics have been kept for both individuals and teams since its inception.

National Basketball League (Australia)
The National Basketball League (NBL) is a men's professional basketball league in Australasia, currently composed of ten teams: nine in Australia and one in New Zealand. It is the premier professional men's basketball league in Australia and New Zealand. The league was played in the Australian winter until 1998 when it switched to summer seasons beginning with the 1998–99 season. The NBL's regular season runs from September to February, with each team playing 33 games. The league's finals extends into March to April, culminating with the Championship grand final series.
South African Class 10A 4-6-2
The South African Railways Class 10A 4-6-2 of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

In 1910, the Central South African Railways placed ten Class 10-2 4-6-2 Pacific type steam locomotives in service, of which five were built with and five without superheaters. In 1912, when the five saturated steam locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and designated Class 10A.

4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The 4-6-2 locomotive became almost globally known as a Pacific type after a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia was shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand.
Peking to Paris
The Peking to Paris motor race was an automobile race, originally held in 1907,  between Peking (now Beijing), then Qing China (now the People's Republic of China) and Paris, France (then the Third French Republic), a distance of 14,994 kilometres (9,317 mi).

The idea for the race came from a challenge published in the Paris newspaper Le Matin on 31 January 1907, reading:

"What needs to be proved today is that as long as a man has a car, he can do anything and go anywhere. Is there anyone who will undertake to travel this summer from Paris to Peking by automobile?"

Eventually the race started from the French embassy in Peking on 10 June 1907. The winner, Prince Scipione Borghese, arrived in Paris on 10 August 1907.

De Dion-Bouton
De Dion-Bouton was a French automobile manufacturer and railcar manufacturer, which operated from 1883 to 1953. The company was founded by the Marquis Jules-Albert de Dion, Georges Bouton, and Bouton's brother-in-law Charles-Armand Trépardoux.
Muncaster Castle
Muncaster Castle is a privately owned castle in the parish of Muncaster, Cumbria, England. It stands overlooking the River Esk, about a mile east of the coastal village of Ravenglass. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

Muncaster
Muncaster is a civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The parish is 41 miles (66 km) south west of the city of Carlisle. The settlement of Muncaster itself consists of a small number of houses around Muncaster Castle and the adjoining St Michael's Church. The main settlement in the parish is the coastal village of Ravenglass. The parish also extends inland to include rural areas on either side of the lower reaches of the River Esk.

The neighbouring parishes (clockwise from north-west) are Drigg and Carleton, Irton with Santon, Eskdale, Ulpha, Waberthwaite and Bootle.
St Michael's Church, Aughton
St Michael's Church is in Church Lane, Aughton, Lancashire, England.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Ormskirk, the archdeaconry of Wigan & West Lancashire, and the diocese of Liverpool.  Its benefice is united with that of Holy Trinity, Bickerstaffe.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

Anglican Diocese of Liverpool
The diocese of Liverpool is a diocese of the Church of England in North West England. The diocese covers Merseyside north of the River Mersey, south-west Lancashire, western Greater Manchester, and part of northern Cheshire. Liverpool Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Liverpool, currently John Perumbalath, and the diocesan offices are also located in Liverpool. The bishop is assisted by one suffragan bishop, the bishop of Warrington.

What is now the diocese of Liverpool was historically part of the diocese of Coventry and Lichfield, and became part of the newly created diocese of Chester in 1541. The diocese of Liverpool was established on 9 April 1880.
Simeon De Witt
Simeon De Witt (December 25, 1756 – December 3, 1834) was Geographer and Surveyor General of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and Surveyor General of the State of New York for the fifty years from 1784 until his death.

Central New York Military Tract
The Military Tract of Central New York, also called the New Military Tract, consisted of nearly two million acres (8,100 km2) of bounty land set aside in Central New York to compensate New York's soldiers after their participation in the Revolutionary War. The western portion was established on lands that had been devasted by the Sullivan Expedition against the four British-allied nations of the Iroquois.
Porter Medical Center
Porter Medical Center, also known as Porter Hospital, is a 45-bed critical access hospital located in Middlebury, Vermont. Founded by banker William Henry Porter to serve as a dual community hospital and infirmary to nearby Middlebury College, the hospital was dedicated on June 15, 1925. In April 2017, the independent hospital joined the University of Vermont Health Network in an attempt to stabilize Porter's financial situation.

University of Vermont Medical Center
The University of Vermont Medical Center (UVMMC) is a five-campus academic medical facility under the corporate umbrella of the University of Vermont Health Network that is anchored by a 562-bed hospital in Burlington, Vermont. UVMMC is based in Burlington and serves as both a regional referral center (providing advanced care to approximately one million people in Vermont and northern New York) and a community hospital (for approximately 160,000 residents in the Chittenden and Grand Isle Vermont counties). The hospital was formerly known as the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont and later as Fletcher Allen Health Care until getting its current name. It is affiliated with the University of Vermont's Robert Larner College of Medicine and its College of Nursing and Health Sciences.
Raleigh Hall
Raleigh Hall is a building in Windrush Square, Brixton. It is now home to the Black Cultural Archives, after having been derelict for many years.

The building was originally two houses built in 1824, and is a Grade II listed building.

The hall had been used by the Cinema Museum in the mid-1980s. It had also been home to Klitsa Fashions, Omegas Fashion Dress Manufacturers, Arkwrights Ltd and the Raleigh Workshop.

It was placed on the English Heritage Register of Historic Buildings at Risk in 1992.

Cinema Museum, London
The Cinema Museum is a museum in Kennington, London. Its collection was founded in 1986 by Ronald Grant and Martin Humphries, from their own private collection of cinema history and memorabilia. Its current building was once a workhouse where Charlie Chaplin lived as a child.
John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
John Frederick I (German: Johann Friedrich I. von Sachsen; called the Magnanimous der Großmütige; 30 June 1503 – 3 March 1554) was the Elector of Saxony (1532–1547) until he was deprived of this title in the Capitulation of Wittenberg by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. He was leading the Schmalkaldic League, a military alliance of Lutheran principalities.

Diet of Regensburg (1541)
The Colloquy of Regensburg, historically called the Colloquy of Ratisbon, was a conference held at Regensburg (Ratisbon) in Bavaria in 1541, during the Protestant Reformation, which marks the culmination of attempts to restore religious unity in the Holy Roman Empire by means of theological debate between the Protestants and the Catholics.
Pach Chhoeun
Pach Chhoeun (1895-1971) was a Cambodian patriot, journalist and librarian. In 1936 he co-founded and worked as the Director of the first national Khmer-language newspaper, Nagara Vatta, (Pali for 'Angkor Wat'). The newspaper was an "expression of subdued anti-French colonialism". The newspaper "advocated very moderate reforms, more Cambodian participation in commerce and greater educational opportunities and equal opportunity treatment for Cambodians". Pach Chhoeun served in multiple government positions over the course of his political life including Minister of the National Economy in 1945, Minister of Information in 1951, as well as curator, archivist and first Director of the National Library of Cambodia in the 1950s. In later years, he served as advisor to Lon Nol, the Prime Minister and President of the Khmer Republic during the years 1970-1971.

Sơn Ngọc Thành
Sơn Ngọc Thành (Khmer: សឺង ង៉ុកថាញ់; 7 December 1908 – 8 August 1977) was a Cambodian nationalist and republican politician, with a long history as a rebel leader and (for brief periods) a government minister.
Esther Lamandier
Esther Lamandier is a French soprano and harpist known for explorations in early chant and monodic music. She is known to frequently accompany herself on the harp, vielle or portative organ (for example, in her CD 'Cantigas de Santa Maria').

Lamandier was born in 1946 in Saint-Raphaël, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; her father's family is Jewish, from Piatra Neamț in Romania. She is a specialist in both Assyrian and Sephardic Jewish song, and the Hebrew biblical chant transcriptions of Suzanne Haïk-Vantoura.

Michel Bernstein
Michel Bernstein (Paris, 1931 – Paris, October 31, 2006) was a French musical producer and founder of several record labels.

Bernstein's first contact with classical music was hearing the school music teacher play Beethoven on an out-of-tune piano at the age of 15, but thereafter he took a lively interest in music and recordings.
Cyrus of Alexandria
Cyrus of Alexandria (Arabic: المقوقس al-Muqawqis, Greek: Κῦρος Ἀλεξανδρείας; d. 21 March 642) was a prominent figure in the 7th century. He served as a Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and held the position of the second-last Byzantine prefect of Egypt. As Prefect, he heavily persecuted the Copts, and during the Arab conquest of Egypt, continually pushed for surrender and sabotaged the Byzantine military's defence of the country. Notably, he also played a significant role in the development of monothelitism. Cyrus died in Alexandria on March 21, 642.

Siege of Babylon Fortress
The Babylon Fortress, a major military stronghold of the Byzantine Empire in Egypt, was captured by forces of the Rashidun Caliphate after a prolonged siege in 640. It was a major event during the Arab conquest of Egypt.
Ukrainian Sich Riflemen
Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (German: Ukrainische Sitschower Schützen; Ukrainian: Українські cічові стрільці (УСС), romanized: Ukrainski sichovi striltsi (USS)) was a Ukrainian unit within the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War.

Oi u luzi chervona kalyna
"Oi u luzi chervona kalyna" (Ukrainian: «Ой, у лузі червона калина»)  is a Ukrainian patriotic march. It is translated into English as "Oh, the Red Viburnum in the Meadow". First published in 1875 by the Ukrainian historians Volodymyr Antonovych and Mykhailo Drahomanov, it was arranged by the composer Stepan Charnetsky in 1914, and was used by the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, the first ethnic Ukrainian military formation of the 20th century, during the First World War. The song has many variations.

The red viburnum (Viburnum opulus) is a national symbol of Ukraine. It is a deciduous shrub that grows 4 to 5 metres (13 to 16 ft) tall. It is depicted as a silhouette along the edges of the flag of the president of Ukraine.

Following the occupation of Crimea in 2014, and then in 2022 the Russian invasion of Ukraine, singing "nationalist anthems" such as "Chervona Kalyna" in Russian-occupied Crimea became punishable by fines and imprisonment.
Goring-by-Sea
Goring-by-Sea, commonly referred to simply as Goring, is a neighbourhood of Worthing and former civil parish, now in Worthing district in West Sussex, England. It lies west of West Worthing, about 2.5 miles (4 km) west of Worthing town centre. Historically in Sussex, in the rape of Arundel, Goring has been part of the borough of Worthing since 1929.

West Worthing
West Worthing is a neighbourhood of Worthing in West Sussex, England that was developed within Heene and later expanded beyond Heene's boundaries. Intended as an exclusive resort, the township of West Worthing was developed from around 1864 and merged with the formerly separate township of Worthing in 1890, when Worthing gained borough status.

Heene is a former civil parish, now part of the borough of Worthing. It lies on the A259 road 0.6 miles (1 km) west of the town centre.  Once part of the parish of West Tarring, Heene was a civil parish in its own right from the 16th century until 9 November 1902. At the 1901 census (the last before the abolition of the parish), Heene had a population of 3019.
Coomania tonkinensis
Coomania tonkinensis is a species of beetle of the Staphylinidae family, Staphylininae subfamily. It was first described by Malcolm Cameron to the tribe Diochini, but in 2020 moved to its own tribe Coomaniini. The species is found in Vietnam and Sabah, Malaysia.

The elongate 5 mm beetle is shining black with antennae and legs reddish-yellow. The subtriangual head narrower than the thorax. Rather short antennae. Elytra as long and as broad as the thorax.

Staphylininae
Staphylininae are a subfamily of rove beetles (family Staphylinidae). They contain the typical rove beetles with their long but fairly robust blunt-headed and -tipped bodies and short elytra, as well as some more unusually-shaped lineages.
No. 1 Squadron RAF
Number 1 Squadron, also known as No. 1 (Fighter) Squadron, is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It was the first squadron to fly a VTOL aircraft. It currently operates Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft from RAF Lossiemouth.

The squadron motto, In omnibus princeps ("First in all things") reflects the squadron's status as the RAF's oldest unit, having been involved in almost every major British military operation from the First World War to the present time. These include the Second World War, Suez Crisis, Falklands War, Kosovo War, and Operation Telic (Iraq).

RAF Tangmere
Royal Air Force Tangmere or more simply RAF Tangmere is a former Royal Air Force station located in Tangmere, England, famous for its role in the Battle of Britain.

It was one of several stations near Chichester, West Sussex. The Second World War aces Wing Commander Douglas Bader, and the then inexperienced Johnnie Johnson were stationed at Tangmere in 1941.
Great Bustard Memorandum of Understanding
The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the Conservation and Management of Middle-European Populations of the Great Bustard is a multilateral environmental memorandum of understanding and was concluded in 2000 under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, and came into effect on 1 June 2001. It aims to protect the Middle-European populations of the great bustard and to manage modern agriculture throughout its range in Central Europe in order to save the remaining individuals. The MoU covers 17 range states (Albania, Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, European Union, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Republic of Macedonia and Ukraine). As of August 2012, 13 range states have signed the MoU as well as a number of cooperating organizations.

Great bustard
The great bustard (Otis tarda) is a bird in the bustard family, and the only living member of the genus Otis. It breeds in open grasslands and farmland from northern Morocco, South and Central Europe to temperate Central and East Asia. European populations are mainly resident, but Asian populations migrate farther south in winter. Endangered as of 2023, it had been listed as a Vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List since 1996.

Portugal and Spain now host about 60% of the world's great bustard population. The species was extirpated in Great Britain in the 19th century, when the last bird was shot in 1832. Since 1998, The Great Bustard Group have helped reintroduce it to England on Salisbury Plain, a British Army training area. Here, the lack of public access and disturbance allows them the seclusion they desire as a large, ground-nesting bird.