hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
UN/LOCODE
UN/LOCODE, the United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations, is a geographic coding scheme developed and maintained by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). UN/LOCODE assigns codes to locations used in trade and transport with functions such as seaports, rail and road terminals, airports, Postal Exchange Office and border crossing points. The first issue in 1981 contained codes for 8,000 locations. The version from 2011 contained codes for about 82,000 locations.

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE or UNECE) is an intergovernmental organization or a specialized body of the United Nations. The UNECE is one of five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It was established in 1947 in order to promote economic cooperation and integration among its member states.

The commission is composed of 56 member states, most of which are based in Europe, as well as a few outside Europe. Its transcontinental Eurasian or non-European member states include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United States and Uzbekistan.
Abeokuta
Abeokuta Listenⓘ is the capital city of Ogun State, which is located in southwestern Nigeria. It is situated on both banks of the Ogun River, near a group of rocky outcrops in a wooded savanna; 77 kilometres (48 mi) north of Lagos by railway, or 130 kilometres (81 mi) by water. As of 2006, Abeokuta (comprising the two local government areas of Abeokuta North and South) had a combined population of 449,088. Its estimated population as at 2022 based on this definition was 735,000 inhabitants, although the city limits has sprawled into the neighbouring LGA of Odeda since the last enumeration exercise.

Yoruba Wars
The Yoruba Wars, also known as the Yoruba Civil Wars, were a series of conflicts that engulfed the Yoruba-speaking areas of West Africa from approximately 1789 to 1893. These wars were characterized by intense and prolonged struggles among various Yoruba city-states and kingdoms, leading to significant political, social, and economic changes in the region.
Administration of Justice Act
Administration of Justice Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom relating to the administration of justice.

The Bill for an Act with this short title may have been known as a Administration of Justice Bill during its passage through Parliament.

Administration of Justice Acts may be a generic name either for legislation bearing that short title or for all legislation which relates to procedural law.

Administration of justice
The administration of justice is the process by which the legal system of a government is executed. The presumed goal of such an administration is to provide justice for all those accessing the legal system.
Marma people
The Marma (Burmese: မရမာ) are an ethnic group native to parts of south-eastern Bangladesh and southern Tripura in India. They are the second-largest ethnic community in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts, primarily residing in the Bandarban, Khagrachari and Rangamati Hill Districts. They belong to the same community as the Rakhine people. There are three endogamous groups within the Magh Community, known as (i) the Thongtha, Khyongtha, or Mrokpatha, (ii) the Marma, Mayamma, or Rakhaing Magh, (iii) the Maramagri, otherwise called the Barua Maghs.

Chittagong Hill Tracts
The Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম, romanized: Pārbôtyô Côṭṭôgrām), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, includes the three hilly districts within the Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma) in the east: Khagrachhari, Rangamati, and Bandarban. Covering 13,295 square kilometres (5,133 mi2), CHT is an extensively hilly area and home to a variety of tribal peoples in Bangladesh. The CHT were divided by the British in the 19th century into three tribal chieftaincies, the Chakma Circle, the Mong Circle and the Bohmong Circle. They formed a single district until 1984, when they were divided into three separate districts.
Permafrost Kingdom
Permafrost Kingdom (Russian: Ца́рство ве́чной мерзлоты́) is a tourist complex in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia. Established in 2005, the complex is located within a permafrost glacier near Chochur-Muran Mountain and contains displays of ice sculptures of local pagan gods and other characters. Temperatures within the complex range from −7 °C (19 °F) in summer to −20 °C (−4 °F) in winter.

Yakutsk
Yakutsk is the capital and largest city of Sakha, Russia, located about 450 km (280 mi) south of the Arctic Circle. Fueled by the mining industry, Yakutsk has become one of Russia's most rapidly growing regional cities, with a population of 355,443 at the 2021 census.

Yakutsk has an average annual temperature of −8.0 °C (17.6 °F), winter high temperatures consistently well below −20 °C (−4 °F), and a record low of −64.4 °C (−83.9 °F) has been recorded.

As a result, Yakutsk is the coldest major city in the world (although a number of smaller towns in that region are slightly colder). Yakutsk is also the largest city located in continuous permafrost; the only other large city is Norilsk, also in Siberia. Yakutsk is in the Central Yakutian Lowland and is a major port on the Lena River. It is served by the Yakutsk Airport as well as the smaller Magan Airport.
Elappara
Elappara is a town in Idukki district in the southwestern Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the panchayaths in Peerumedu taluk. The area is marked by a cool climate as the region is situated at an elevation of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. Elappara is famous for its vast tea plantations.

Ayyappancoil
Ayyappancoil, also spelt Ayyappankovil is a village in newly formed Idukki taluk in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala. The place is popular for having a suspension bridge with a length of 200 meters and an old historic Sastha temple on the banks of Periyar river.

Ayyappancoil is 15 km (9.3 mi) far from Kattappana, which is a nearby major town. Ayyappancoil is located 45 km (28 mi) from District headquarters Painavu and 230 km (140 mi) from its State capital city Thiruvananthapuram .
Ayyappancoil was a big township in early 1960s. During the construction of Idukki hydro-electric project, the township was evacuated by the Kerala government.
Quaranti
Quaranti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Asti.

Quaranti borders the following municipalities: Alice Bel Colle, Castelletto Molina, Fontanile, Mombaruzzo, and Ricaldone.

Ricaldone
Ricaldone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 650 and an area of 10.6 square kilometres (4.1 sq mi).

Ricaldone borders the following municipalities: Acqui Terme, Alice Bel Colle, Cassine, Maranzana, Mombaruzzo, Quaranti, and Strevi.
Pont-l'Évêque cheese
Pont-l'Évêque (/ˌpɒ̃ ləˈvɛk, ˌpɒnt -/, French: [pɔ̃ levɛːk] ⓘ) is a French cheese, originally manufactured in the area around the commune of Pont-l'Évêque, between Deauville and Lisieux in the Calvados département of Normandy.  It is probably the oldest Norman cheese still in production.

Pont-l'Évêque is an uncooked, unpressed cow's-milk cheese, square in shape usually at around 10 cm (4 in) square and around 3 cm (1+1⁄4 in) high, weighing 400 grams (14 oz). The central pâte is soft, creamy pale yellow in color with a smooth, fine texture and has a pungent aroma. This is surrounded by a washed rind that is white with a gentle orange-brown coloration. The whole is soft when pressed but lacks elasticity. It is generally ranked alongside Brie, Camembert, and Roquefort as one of the most popular cheeses in France.

Washed-rind cheese
Washed-rind or smear-ripened cheeses are cheeses which are periodically treated with brine or mold-bearing agents. This encourages the growth of certain bacteria on their surfaces which give them distinctive flavors. There are hard and soft washed-rind cheeses. The softer ones are sometimes distinguished as "smear-ripened". Conversely, the term "washed-rind" is sometimes reserved only for the hard ones.
3rd Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje
The 3rd Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje (Tibetan: རང་འབྱུང་རྡོ་རྗེ་, Wylie: rang 'byung rdo rje) (1284–1339) was the 3rd Gyalwa Karmapa and head of the Karma Kagyu school, the largest school within the Kagyu tradition. He was an important figure in the history of Tibetan Buddhism, who helped to spread Buddha-nature teachings in Tibet.

Chöd
Chöd (Tibetan: གཅོད, Wylie: gcod lit. 'to sever') is a spiritual practice found primarily in the Yundrung Bön tradition as well as in the Nyingma and Kagyu schools of Tibetan Buddhism (where it is classed as Anuttarayoga Tantra in Kagyu and Anuyoga in Nyingma). Also known as "cutting through the ego," the practices are based on the Prajñāpāramitā or "Perfection of Wisdom" sutras, which expound the "emptiness" concept of Buddhist philosophy.

According to Mahayana Buddhists, emptiness is the ultimate wisdom of understanding that all things lack inherent existence. Chöd combines prajñāpāramitā philosophy with specific meditation methods and  tantric ritual. The chod practitioner seeks to tap the power of fear through activities such as rituals set in graveyards, and visualisation of offering their bodies in a tantric feast in order to put their understanding of emptiness to the ultimate test.
Michael Billington (activist)
Michael O. Billington is an activist in the LaRouche Movement, Asia editor for the Executive Intelligence Review, and author of Reflections of an American Political Prisoner: the Repression and Promise of the LaRouche Movement.

Billington graduated from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut in 1967. He then joined the Peace Corps, where he taught Mathematics and Music, first in Guyana, then in Thailand. Upon returning to the U.S. he joined the LaRouche movement in 1972, in the early stages of the movement's history. His wife, Gail, and his brother, Joe, and his sister, Margaret Greenspan, were also members of the movement. Billington's book provides an "insider" look at the history of this highly controversial movement.

Billington ran on the U.S. Labor Party platform for County Executive of Westchester County, New York in 1977, and for New York's 24th congressional district in 1978.

U.S. Labor Party
The U.S. Labor Party (USLP) was an American political party formed in 1973 by the National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC). It served as a vehicle for Lyndon LaRouche to run for President of the United States in 1976, but it also sponsored many candidates for local offices as well as congressional and Senate seats between 1972 and 1979. After that the political arm of the NCLC was the National Democratic Policy Committee. The party was the subject of a number of controversies and lawsuits during its short existence.
The Time Ships
The Time Ships is a 1995 hard science fiction novel by Stephen Baxter. A canonical sequel to the 1895 novella The Time Machine by H. G. Wells, it was officially authorized by the Wells estate to mark the centenary of the original's publication. The Time Ships won critical acclaim. It won the John W. Campbell Memorial Award and the Philip K. Dick Award in 1996, as well as the British Science Fiction Association Award in 1995. It was also nominated for the Hugo, Clarke and Locus Awards in 1996.

The Plattner Story
"The Plattner Story" is a short story by English writer H. G. Wells, first published in 1896 in The New Review. It was included in The Plattner Story and Others, a collection of short stories by Wells first published in 1897, and in The Country of the Blind and Other Stories, a collection of his short stories first published in 1911. In the story, a man recounts his experiences in a parallel world, which he speculates is some form of Afterlife.
Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway
Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway, abbreviated as the Zhengkai intercity railway, is a higher-speed intercity railway in Henan, China, connecting Zhengzhou and Kaifeng. It is part of the larger Central Plain Metropolitan Intercity Rail network. Construction commenced on December 29, 2009. With a designed top speed of 160 km/h (99 mph), it is built as a double tracked electrified passenger dedicated line. Total length of this project is 50.33 kilometres (31.27 mi), costing an estimated 5.5 billion yuan to construct. Some trains through operate to Zhengzhou Xinzheng Airport via the Zhengji ICR or to Jiaozuo via the Zhengjiao ICR.

The Zhengzhou East - Songchenglu section commenced operation on 28 December 2014. The phase II project (Songchenglu - Kaifeng section) was completed on March 15, 2025.

Yunlianghe railway station
Yunlianghe railway station (Chinese: 运粮河站) is a railway station on the Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway in Kaifeng, Henan, China.

On 10 January 2016, the station was closed due to lack of passengers.
Statland
Statland is a village in the western part of Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village lies along the Namsenfjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Tøttdalen. The village has a school and Statland Church. The island of Otterøya lies across the fjord from Statland.

Namsenfjorden
Namsenfjorden is a fjord in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 35-kilometre (22 mi) long fjord flows along the border between Namsos Municipality and Flatanger Municipality. It runs southeast from the Folda firth, between the mainland in the south and the island of Otterøya in the north, past the island of Hoddøya, to the Namsen river estuary in the town of Namsos. The banks of the fjord are mostly wooded and not very high. Near the town of Namsos, the Løgnin fjord arm branches to the south all the way to the village of Sjøåsen in Namsos Municipality. Other villages along the fjord include Statland, Tøttdalen, Skomsvoll, Bangsund, and Spillum.
Jaynagar Majilpur railway station
Jaynagar Majilpur railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway Station on the Main line, with an approximate 49 kilometres (30 mi) distance from the Sealdah railway station. It is under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. Jaynagar Majilpur railway station, is one of the busiest railway stations in the Sealdah railway division. More than 30 pairs of EMU local trains pass through the railway station on a daily basis. It is situated in South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Jaynagar Majilpur railway station serves Jaynagar Majilpur and the surrounding areas.

Sealdah South section
Sealdah South section consists of a set of four lines which connect Sealdah in Kolkata with its southern suburbs and with the entire South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. It is a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway and is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways.

It is linked to the Sealdah Main and North section via the Kankurgachi Chord line at Park Circus and via the Kolkata Circular Railway at Majerhat Junction.

It also connects to the Kolkata Dock System Railway (KDS Railway) at Majerhat and Brace Bridge respectively.
William Campbell (general)
Brigadier General William Campbell (c. 1745 – August 22, 1781) was an American military officer, farmer and politician. One of the fifteen signers of the earliest statement of armed resistance to the British Crown in the Thirteen Colonies, the Fincastle Resolutions, Campbell represented relatively new Washington County in the Virginia House of Delegates. A militia officer during the American Revolutionary War, he was known to Loyalists as the "bloody tyrant of Washington County", but to the Patriots he was known for his leadership at the Battle of Kings Mountain and the Battle of Guilford Courthouse.

Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell
Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell (1749 – March 18, 1825), was a Methodist lay leader from the United States of America who is credited with bringing Methodism to western Virginia and northeastern Tennessee.
Satake Yoshinobu
Satake Yoshinobu (佐竹 義宣, August 17, 1570 – March 5, 1633)  was a daimyō in Sengoku period and early Edo period Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate and the 19th head of the Satake clan and 1st daimyō of Kubota Domain in Dewa Province. His courtesy title was Sakon-no-e-shōshō, later  Ukyō-dayū and Jijū and his Court rank was Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade.

Satake Yoshishige
Satake Yoshishige (佐竹 義重; March 7, 1547 – May 19, 1612) was a Japanese daimyō (military lord) of the Sengoku period. He was the 18th generation head of the Satake clan. He was renowned for his ferocity in battle; he was also known by the nickname of "Ogre Yoshishige" (鬼義重, Oni Yoshishige).
RGBE image format
RGBE or Radiance HDR is an image format invented by Gregory Ward Larson for the Radiance rendering system. It stores pixels as one byte each for RGB (red, green, and blue) values with a one byte shared exponent. Thus it stores four bytes per pixel.

Half-precision floating-point format
Half precision (sometimes called FP16 or float16) is a binary floating-point computer number format that occupies 16 bits (two bytes in modern computers) in computer memory. It is intended for storage of floating-point values in applications where higher precision is not essential, in particular image processing and neural networks.

Almost all modern uses follow the IEEE 754-2008 standard, where the 16-bit base-2 format is referred to as binary16, and the exponent uses 5 bits. This can express values in the range ±65,504, with the minimum value above 1 being 1 + 1/1024.
Nathan Hale
Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American Patriot, soldier, and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured by the British and executed. Hale is considered an American hero and in 1985 was officially designated the state hero of Connecticut.

East Haddam, Connecticut
East Haddam is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 8,875 at the time of the 2020 census. It includes summer resorts, historical sites, and natural areas.
J. Edmund Riding
John Edmund Riding CBE (1924–2018) was a British anaesthetist who served as the dean of the Royal College of Anaesthetists from 1976–79. He held a consultant appointment to the Royal Liverpool Hospital.

Riding was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1986 New Year Honours.

Royal College of Anaesthetists
The Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA) is the professional body responsible for the specialty of anaesthesia throughout the United Kingdom. It sets standards in anaesthesia, critical care, pain management, and for the training of anaesthetists, physicians' assistants (anaesthesia), and practising critical care physicians. It also holds examinations for anaesthetists in training, and informs and educates the public about anaesthesia. Its headquarters are in Churchill House, London.
Västmanland County
Västmanland County (Swedish: Västmanlands län) is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Södermanland, Örebro, Gävleborg, Dalarna and Uppsala. The county also has a stretch of shoreline towards Mälaren (Sweden's third largest lake).

Örebro County
Örebro County (Swedish: Örebro län) is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Västra Götaland, Värmland, Dalarna, Västmanland, Södermanland and Östergötland. It is frequently culturally divided into the hilly northern region of Bergslagen, where mining and metallurgic industry have been important since the Middle Ages, and the southern Mälardalen of lakes and farms.
Rhododendron Species Foundation and Botanical Garden
The Rhododendron Species Foundation and Botanical Garden (RSBG) on 22–24 acres is a nonprofit botanical garden specializing in rhododendrons in Federal Way, Washington. As of 2006 the Foundation's mission is devoted to the conservation, research, acquisition, evaluation, cultivation, public display, and distribution of rhododendron species. The gardens contain over 10,000 rhododendrons, set out as a woodland garden among native conifers. It is adjacent to the Pacific Bonsai Museum.

Federal Way, Washington
Federal Way is a city in King County, Washington, United States and part of the Seattle metropolitan area. One of the most recently incorporated cities in the county, its population was 101,030 at the 2020 census. Federal Way is the 10th most populous city in Washington and the fifth most populous in King County.
Gottschedstrasse
Gottschedstrasse is a residential street in Leipzig, Germany, in the so-called theater district (in German language: Schauspielviertel) of the Innere Westvorstadt (inner west Vorstadt). It extends over a length of around 650 m (2,132.5 ft) in an east–west direction from the Inner City Ring Road at the level of St. Thomas Church to the Poniatowski monument at Elstermühlgraben. It is named after the writer, literary and theater theorist Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766). It is primarily known as a pub and nightlife area.

Innere Westvorstadt
The Innere Westvorstadt (lit. 'Inner west Vorstadt') is a neighbourhood and residential area in Leipzig, Germany, immediately west of the city centre, and belongs to the borough (Stadtbezirk) of Leipzig-Mitte. The term is mainly used in historical, urban planning and regional contexts. In common parlance, the area around Kolonnadenstrasse and Dorotheenplatz, which was built in place of Reichel's garden, is more likely to be called the Kolonnadenviertel. The northern part, around the Schauspielhaus (theater house) and the Gottschedstrasse pub mile, on the other hand, is called the Schauspielviertel. The Schauspiel Leipzig, the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig, the Theaterhaus Schille and established artists in Kolonnadenstraße shape the district artistically.
Corcelles-sur-Chavornay
Corcelles-sur-Chavornay (French pronunciation: [kɔʁsɛl syʁ ʃavɔʁnɛ], literally Corcelles on Chavornay) is a former municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  In 2017 the former municipalities of Corcelles-sur-Chavornay and Essert-Pittet merged into the municipality of Chavornay.

Chavornay, Switzerland
Chavornay (French pronunciation: [ʃavɔʁnɛ]) is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  In 2017 the former municipalities of Essert-Pittet and Corcelles-sur-Chavornay merged into the municipality of Chavornay.