hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinese intellectualism
The current status of Chinese intellectuals reflects traditions established in the imperial period. For most of this period, government officials were selected from among the literati on the basis of the Confucian civil service examination system. Intellectuals were both participants in and critics of the government. As Confucian scholars, they were torn between their loyalty to the emperor and their obligation to "correct wrong thinking" when they perceived it.

Then, as now, most intellectual and government leaders subscribed to the premise that ideological change was a prerequisite for political change. Historically, Chinese intellectuals rarely formed groups to oppose the established government. Rather, individual intellectuals or groups of intellectuals allied themselves with cliques within the government to lend support to the policies of that clique.

Intellectualism
Intellectualism is the mental perspective that emphasizes the use, development, and exercise of the intellect, and is identified with the life of the mind of the intellectual. In the field of philosophy, the term intellectualism indicates one of two ways of critically thinking about the character of the world: (i) rationalism, which is knowledge derived solely from reason; and (ii) empiricism, which is knowledge derived solely from sense experience. Each intellectual approach attempts to eliminate fallacies that ignore, mistake, or distort evidence about "what ought to be" instead of "what is" the character of the world.
Brown's Island
Brown's Island is an artificial island on the James River in Richmond, Virginia, formed by the Haxall Canal.  Part of the city's James River Park, it is the popular venue of a large number of outdoor concerts and festivals in the spring and summer, such as the weekly Friday Cheers concert series or Dominion Riverrock.  The Rivanna Subdivision Trestle crosses over the island.

T. Tyler Potterfield Memorial Bridge
The T. Tyler Potterfield Memorial Bridge, also known as the VEPCO Levee Dam, and formerly the Brown's Island Dam Walk, crosses the James River in Richmond, Virginia connecting Brown's Island to the James River Park System on the Manchester side of the river.

Originally constructed as a dam in 1901 by the Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO), now Dominion Energy, the 31.5 ft (9.6 m) structure diverted water into the Haxall Canal for the 12th Street Power Station, until its decommissioning in 1968. The bridge was renamed after T. Tyler Potterfield, a senior planner in the Richmond Department of Planning and Development Review who was the project manager for the redevelopment into a pedestrian bridge.
Pennsylvania Railroad class GG1
The Pennsylvania Railroad Class GG1 is a class of streamlined electric locomotives built for the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), in the northeastern United States. The class was known for its striking art deco shell, its ability to pull trains at up to 100 mph, and its long operating career of almost 50 years.

Between 1934 and 1943, General Electric and the PRR's Altoona Works built 139 GG1s. The GG1 entered service with the PRR in 1935 and later ran on successor railroads Penn Central, Conrail, and Amtrak. The last GG1 was retired by New Jersey Transit in 1983.

Most have been scrapped, but sixteen are preserved in museums.

SNCF Class CC 21000
The CC 21000 was a class of electric locomotives in service with the French railways SNCF, built by Alsthom in 1969 and 1974. It was a dual voltage version of the CC 6500 class working off both 1500 V DC and 25 kV 50 Hz AC. Initially allocated to Dijon, the first two, CC 21001 and CC21002, were fitted with cab signalling to allow them to operate test trains on the new high speed lines.
Don Ellis
Donald Johnson Ellis (July 25, 1934 – December 17, 1978) was an American jazz trumpeter, drummer, composer, and bandleader. He is best known for his extensive musical experimentation, particularly in the area of time signatures. Later in his life he worked as a film composer, contributing a score to 1971's The French Connection and 1973's The Seven-Ups.

Maynard Ferguson
Walter Maynard Ferguson CM (May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian jazz trumpeter and bandleader. He came to prominence in Stan Kenton's orchestra before forming his own big band in 1957. He was noted for his bands, which often served as stepping stones for up-and-coming talent, his versatility on several instruments, and his ability to play in a high register.
Galway United F.C.
Galway United Football Club (Irish: Cumann Peile Ghaillimh Aontaithe) is an Irish professional football club based in Galway. They play in the League of Ireland Premier Division, following a promotion from the First Division in 2023. The team was founded as Galway Rovers F.C. during the 1930s. They made their League of Ireland debut in the 1977–78 season, and changed their name to Galway United in 1981–82. After suffering financial difficulties, the club dropped out of the League of Ireland after the 2011 season, but in 2014 Galway United returned, initially playing as Galway F.C. for a season. Like other sports teams from the county, Galway United are nicknamed "The Tribesmen", after the 14 "tribes" of Galway, the merchant families that established the city.

2023 League of Ireland First Division
The 2023 League of Ireland First Division season was the 39th season of the League of Ireland First Division, the second tier of the Republic of Ireland's association football league.

The winners (Galway United) were promoted to the 2024 League of Ireland Premier Division. The runners-up (Waterford) were also promoted after winning the League of Ireland Premier Division play-off.
Classic Rock (Westwood One)
Classic Rock (formerly The Classic Rock Experience prior to 2011) is a radio network syndicate by Westwood One. It draws an adult mainstream audience between the ages of 25 and 49 with classic rock music from artists such as Aerosmith, The Allman Brothers Band, The Beatles, Phil Collins, Deep Purple, The Eagles, Jimi Hendrix, Pink Floyd, Queen, and The Rolling Stones.

The DJ line-up during ABC ownership included Chaz Mixon, Michelle Michaels, Frank Welch, Jeff Davis, Debbie Douglas, Scott Manning, and Dave Bolt. As a Westwood One format, WGRF jock Carl Russo's show was carried overnights until his 2025 retirement.

WGRF
WGRF (96.9 FM) is a commercial radio station in Buffalo, New York, branded as "97 Rock". The station is owned by Cumulus Media and broadcasts a classic rock radio format, mostly from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. WGRF competes for classic rock listeners with cross-border rival 91.7 CIXL-FM. The studios are on Buffalo's East Side.

WGRF has an effective radiated power of 24,000 watts.  The transmitter is off Elmwood Avenue in Buffalo.  It uses a directional antenna to protect CHYM-FM in Kitchener, Ontario, which is on 96.7 MHz.
Owen gun
The Owen gun, known officially as the Owen machine carbine, was an Australian submachine gun that was designed by Evelyn Owen in 1938. The Owen was the only entirely Australian-designed and constructed service submachine gun of World War II. It was used by the Australian Army from 1942 until 1971.

Lysaght (Australian company)
Lysaght was founded in 1880 by John Lysaght as a subsidiary to the company John Lysaght and Co. The company pioneered modern steel coating technologies (galvanization). Its coated steel building products were sold under the 'ORB' brand and contributed to Australian architectural style.
Subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of an ocean, generally at latitudes from 50°N to 70°N, poleward of the humid continental climates. Like other Class D climates, they are rare in the Southern Hemisphere, only found at some isolated highland elevations. Subarctic or boreal climates are the source regions for the cold air that affects temperate latitudes to the south in winter. These climates represent Köppen climate classification Dfc, Dwc, Dsc, Dfd, Dwd and  Dsd.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Chupa Chups
Chupa Chups (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃupa ˈtʃups]) is a Spanish brand of confectionery found in over 150 countries. It was founded in 1958 by Enric Bernat and is owned by the Italian-Dutch company Perfetti Van Melle. The name comes from the Spanish verb chupar, meaning "to suck". Similar confections are known as lollipops or suckers in English.

Lollipop
A lollipop is a type of sugar candy usually consisting of hard candy mounted on a stick and intended for sucking or licking. Different informal terms are used in different places, including lolly and sucker. Lollipops are available in many flavors and shapes.
2012 Grand Prix Hassan II
The 2012 Grand Prix Hassan II was a professional men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 28th edition of the tournament which was part of the ATP World Tour 250 category 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place in Casablanca, Morocco between 9 April and 15 April 2012. Third-seeded Pablo Andújar won the singles title.

2012 ATP World Tour
The 2012 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2012 tennis season. The 2012 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP World Tour Finals, and the tennis event at the London Summer Olympic Games. Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Mary Bateman Clark
Mary Bateman Clark (1795–1840) was an American woman, born into slavery, who was taken to Indiana Territory. She was forced to become an indentured servant, even though the Northwest Ordinance prohibited slavery. She was sold in 1816, the same year that the Constitution of Indiana prohibited slavery and indentured servitude. In 1821, attorney Amory Kinney represented her as she fought for her freedom in the courts. After losing the case in the Circuit Court, she appealed to the Indiana Supreme Court in the case of Mary Clark v. G.W. Johnston. She won her freedom with the precedent-setting decision against indentured servitude in Indiana. The documentary, Mary Bateman Clark: A Woman of Colour and Courage, tells the story of her life and fight for freedom.

Vincennes, Indiana
Vincennes is a city in and the county seat of Knox County, Indiana, United States. It is located on the lower Wabash River in the southwestern part of the state, nearly halfway between Evansville and Terre Haute. It was founded in 1732 by French fur traders, including the namesake François-Marie Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes. It is the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in Indiana and was its longest serving territorial capital. It is one of the oldest settlements west of the Appalachians. The population was 16,759 at the 2020 census.
New Zealand cricket team in Ireland in 2022
The New Zealand cricket team toured Ireland in July 2022 to play three One Day International (ODI) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. The ODI series formed part of the inaugural 2020–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League.

In the first ODI, Ireland's Harry Tector and New Zealand's Michael Bracewell both scored centuries. Bracewell's 127 not out helped New Zealand to win the match by one wicket with one ball remaining. New Zealand won the second ODI by three wickets to win the series with a match to play. New Zealand won the third and final ODI by one run to win the series 3–0.

New Zealand won the first T20I by 31 runs, with Glenn Phillips scoring an unbeaten 69 runs. New Zealand also won the second T20I, by the margin of 88 runs, with Dane Cleaver scoring 78 not out and Michael Bracewell taking a hat-trick. New Zealand won the third T20I by six wickets, to also win the T20I series 3–0.

Harry Tector
Harry Tom Tector (born 6 December 1999) is an Irish professional cricketer. He was part of Ireland's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He made his full international debut for the Ireland cricket team in September 2019. In January 2020, he was one of nineteen players to be awarded a central contract from Cricket Ireland, the first year in which all contracts were awarded on a full-time basis.
1994 German presidential election
An indirect presidential election (officially the 10th Federal Convention) was held in Germany on 23 May 1994 and the first after the reunification. Incumbent president Richard von Weizsäcker was term-limited and could therefore not stand for reelection. Roman Herzog, candidate for the Christian Democratic Union, was elected in three rounds of voting.

Roman Herzog
Roman Herzog (German: [ˈʁoːman ˈhɛʁtsoːk] ⓘ; 5 April 1934 – 10 January 2017) was a German politician, judge and legal scholar, who served as President of Germany from 1994 to 1999. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), he was the first president to be elected after German reunification. He previously served as a judge of the Federal Constitutional Court, and he was president of the court 1987–1994. Before his appointment as a judge he was a professor of law. He received the 1997 Charlemagne Prize.
Cardè
Cardè is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,077 and an area of 19.3 square kilometres (7.5 sq mi).

Cardè borders the following municipalities: Barge, Moretta, Revello, Saluzzo, and Villafranca Piemonte.

Revello
Revello (Arvel in  Piedmontese, Revel in Occitan) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

Revello borders the following municipalities: Barge, Brondello, Cardè, Envie, Gambasca, Martiniana Po, Pagno, Rifreddo, and Saluzzo. In the frazione of San Firmino, on the Po River, is the eponymous church, built over an ancient Roman temple (of which parts of two columns remain).
Scampton
Scampton is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish including Brampton and Broadholme at the 2011 census was 1,358. It is situated 5 mi (8 km) north of Lincoln, 10 mi (16 km) south-east of Gainsborough, and immediately west of the A15.

A15 road (England)
The A15 is a major road in England. It runs north from Peterborough via Market Deeping, Bourne, Sleaford and Lincoln along a variety of ancient, Roman, and Turnpike alignments before it is interrupted at its junction with the M180 near Scawby. The road restarts 10 miles (16 km) east, and then continues north past Barton-upon-Humber, crossing the Humber on the Humber Bridge before terminating at Hessle near Kingston upon Hull.
Quiet title
An action to quiet title is a lawsuit brought in a court having jurisdiction over property disputes, in order to establish a party's title to real property, or personal property having a title, of against anyone and everyone, and thus "quiet" any challenges or claims to the title.

This legal action is "brought to remove a cloud on the title" so that plaintiff and those in privity with them may forever be free of claims against the property. The action to quiet title resembles other forms of "preventive adjudication," such as the declaratory judgment.

This genre of lawsuit is also sometimes called either a try title, trespass to try title, or ejectment action "to recover possession of land wrongfully occupied by a defendant."

Tax sale
A tax sale is the forced sale of property (usually real estate) by a governmental entity for unpaid taxes by the property's owner.

The sale, depending on the jurisdiction, may be a tax deed sale (whereby the actual property is sold) or a tax lien sale (whereby a lien on the property is sold)  Under the tax lien sale process, depending on the jurisdiction, after a specified period of time if the lien is not redeemed, the lienholder may seek legal action which will result in the lienholder either automatically obtaining the property, or forcing a future tax deed sale of the property and possibly obtaining the property as a result.
MAGOH
Protein mago nashi homolog is a human protein encoded by the MAGOH gene. This gene encodes the mammalian homolog of the Drosophila mago nashi gene. In mammals, mRNA expression is not limited to the germplasm, but is ubiquitous in adult tissues and can be induced by serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts.

RNA-binding protein 8A
RNA-binding protein 8A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM8A gene.

This gene encodes a protein with a conserved RNA-binding motif. The protein is found predominantly in the nucleus, although it is also present in the cytoplasm. It is preferentially associated with mRNAs produced by splicing, including both nuclear mRNAs and newly exported cytoplasmic mRNAs. It is thought that the protein remains associated with spliced mRNAs as a tag to indicate where introns had been present, thus coupling pre- and post-mRNA splicing events. Previously, it was thought that two genes encode this protein, RBM8A and RBM8B; it is now thought that the RBM8B locus is a pseudogene. Two alternative start codons result in two forms of the protein, and this gene also uses multiple polyadenylation sites.
Age of consent in the United States
In the United States, each state and territory sets the age of consent either by statute or the common law applies, and there are several federal statutes related to protecting minors from sexual predators. Depending on the jurisdiction, the legal age of consent (that is, the age at which one can consent to anyone older) is between 16 and 18. Many states also include close-in-age exemptions, which legalize sexual activity involving those under the age of consent, when both partners are close-in-age. In some places, civil and criminal laws within the same state conflict with each other.

Statutory rape
Statutory rape is a term used primarily in some jurisdictions, including the United States, to describe nonforcible sexual activity in which one of the individuals is below the age of consent, the age required to legally consent to the activity. Although it usually refers to adults engaging in sexual contact with minors under the age of consent, it is a generic term, and very few jurisdictions use the actual term statutory rape in the language of statutes. In statutory rape, overt force or threat is usually not present. Statutory rape laws presume coercion because a minor or mentally disabled adult is legally incapable of giving consent to the act.
The Flash: Vertical Velocity (Six Flags Great America)
The Flash: Vertical Velocity (originally and colloquially known as Vertical Velocity or V2) is a launched inverted roller coaster located at Six Flags Great America in Gurnee, Illinois, United States. Manufactured by Intamin, the Impulse roller coaster model opened on May 18, 2001. It is located in the DC Universe section of the park, receiving its theme to the DC Comics character The Flash in 2022. The ride launches riders from 0 to 70 mph (110 km/h) in four seconds and is 186 feet (57 m) tall.

Launched roller coaster
The launched roller coaster is a type of roller coaster that initiates a ride with high amounts of acceleration via one or a series of linear induction motors (LIM), linear synchronous motors (LSM), catapults, tires, chains, or other mechanisms employing hydraulic or pneumatic power, along a launch track. This mode of acceleration powers many of the fastest roller coasters in the world.
9 Parachute Squadron RE
9 Parachute Squadron RE (often abbreviated to '9 Sqn') is an airborne squadron of the British Army's Corps of Royal Engineers. It is part of 23 Parachute Engineer Regiment based at Rock Barracks in Woodbridge, Suffolk, and provides close engineer support to 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team. It traces its heritage to the first Soldier Artificer Company raised in Gibraltar in 1772. The squadron remains the longest continually serving in-role fighting unit in Airborne Forces.

Peter Wall (British Army officer)
General Sir Peter Anthony Wall, GCB, CBE, DL (born 10 July 1955) is a retired British Army officer who served as the Chief of the General Staff, the professional head of the British Army, until September 2014. Wall had previously been the Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces from August 2009 to September 2010. He succeeded General Sir David Richards as Chief of the General Staff in September 2010, the latter going on a month later to be Chief of the Defence Staff.
Accademia nazionale delle scienze
The Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze (lit. 'National Academy of the Sciences'), or more formally L'Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL, and also called the Accademia dei XL (lit. 'Academy of the Forty'), is Italy's national academy of science. Its offices are located within the Villino Rosso, at the corner of via L. Spallanzani and via Siracusa, Villa Torlonia, Rome.

The academy promotes progress in mathematics, physics, and natural sciences; organizes meetings; publishes journals; establishes consultative committees for governmental agencies; and awards scientific prizes.

The academy contains 40 fellows and a variable number of "fellows in excess" who are age 70 and above, and who have been fellows for at least five years. It also contains 25 foreign members.

Roger Joseph Boscovich
Roger Joseph Boscovich SJ (18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath from the Republic of Ragusa. He studied and lived in Italy and France where he also published many of his works.

Boscovich produced a precursor of atomic theory and made many contributions to astronomy, including the first geometric procedure for determining the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position. In 1753 he also discovered the absence of an atmosphere on the Moon.
KWKB
KWKB (channel 20) is a religious television station licensed to Iowa City, Iowa, United States, serving the Eastern Iowa and Quad Cities television markets as an owned-and-operated station of Tri-State Christian Television (TCT). The station's transmitter is located on Baker Avenue in West Branch.

KWWL (TV)
KWWL (channel 7) is a television station licensed to Waterloo, Iowa, United States, serving as the NBC affiliate for Eastern Iowa. Owned by Allen Media Group, KWWL maintains studios on East 5th Street in Waterloo, with news bureaus and advertising sales offices in Cedar Rapids, Dubuque and Iowa City. The station's transmitter is located north of Rowley, Iowa, a city in Buchanan County.