hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patrick Awuah Jr.
Patrick Awuah Jr. (born 1965) is a Ghanaian engineer, educator, and entrepreneur. Awuah established Ashesi University, a private, not-for-profit Ghanaian institution in 2002. He has received awards as an individual and as the founder of Ashesi.

Ashesi University
Ashesi University (/ɑːʃˈs/ a-shii-si') is a private, non-profit and non-sectarian university located in Berekuso, near Accra.

Ashesi was established as an independent, public benefit education institution operating on a not-for-profit basis. The university obtained accreditation from the Ghanaian National Accreditation Board (now the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission) in September 2001 to operate under the mentorship of the University of Cape Coast (UCC), with degrees conferred by UCC. Ashesi began instruction on 4 March 2002. Ashesi University received a Presidential Charter from the President of Ghana, effective January 2018, making it an independent university that confers its own degrees. It is a member of the Council of Independent Universities, the Association of African Universities and the Association of Commonwealth Universities.
Lacs Prefecture
Lacs is a prefecture located in the Maritime Region of Togo. The prefecture covers 388 km2, with a population in 2022 of 241,247. The prefecture seat is located in Aného.  It contains Togo's easternmost point.

The current president of Togo, Faure Gnassingbé, was born in Lacs Prefecture.

Canton (administrative divisions) of Lacs include Aného, Agbodrafo, Glidji-Aklakou, Anfoin, Fiata, Agouègan, and Ganavé

Maritime Region, Togo
Maritime Region (French: Région maritime) is the southernmost of Togo's five regions, with the country's only shoreline on the Bight of Benin. Tsévié serves as the regional capital. It is the smallest region in terms of area, but it has the largest population, with 3.5 million people.

Other major cities in the Maritime region include Lomé, the Capital of Togo, and Aného.

Maritime is located south of Plateaux Region. In the west, it borders the Volta Region of Ghana, and in the east it borders two departments of Benin: Kouffo further north, and Mono further south.
French blockade of Algiers
The French blockade of Algiers was a three-year-long naval blockade imposed by France on the Regency of Algiers. It was imposed on 16 June 1827 as a result of the fly-whisk incident. Intended to cut off the Regency's commercial relations and restrict its navy and corsairs' operations, the French failed to achieve either objective. Throughout the blockade, France planned its ultimate invasion of Algiers in June 1830.

Bakri-Busnach affair
The Bakri-Busnach affair (French: L'affaire Bakri-Busnach) is the name of a commercial–political conflict between France and Algeria in the early 19th century; it centered on France's obligations to a commercial company owned by the Algerian Jewish families of Bakri and Busnach (Bekri and Bouchnaq). The affair is considered one of the causes of the French invasion of Algeria in 1830.
Mount Clunie National Park
The Mount Clunie National Park is a protected national park that is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The 1,426-hectare (3,520-acre) park is situated approximately 631 kilometres (392 mi) north of Sydney and can be located via Kyogle via the Bruxner Highway and the Summerland Way. The park's north-eastern limits define the state border between New South Wales and Queensland. The average elevation of the terrain is 634 metres above sea level.

The park is part of the Focal Peak Group World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia inscribed in 1986 and added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007.

The park is also part of the Scenic Rim Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance in the conservation of several species of threatened birds.

Scenic Rim
The Scenic Rim is a group of forested mountain ranges of the Great Dividing Range, located south of Brisbane agglomeration, straddling the border between south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. In 2021, the Scenic Rim was named as a Lonely Planet top destination for 2022.
River Avon, Strathspey
The River Avon (pronounced “A'an” /ɑːn/) is a river in the Strathspey area of the Scottish Highlands, and a tributary of the River Spey. It drains the north-eastern area of the Cairngorm Mountains and is largely contained within the Cairngorms National Park

The source of the River Avon is conventionally said to be Loch A'an situated between Cairn Gorm and Ben Macdui (Gaelic: Beinn MacDhuibh). Loch A'an itself collects headwaters from a number of burns on these two mountains. From there the river then continues east down Glen Avon to the north of Ben Avon, for 10 miles before turning north towards the village of Tomintoul and Strath Avon.

There is a River Avon Fishing Association that promotes tourism in nearby towns and fishing along the river.

Ben Avon
Ben Avon (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Athfhinn, 'mountain of the Avon') is a mountain in the Cairngorms of Scotland. It is a sprawling mountain with a broad summit plateau dotted with granite tors. One of these marks the summit, called Leabaidh an Daimh Bhuidhe ("bed of the yellow stag") or Stob Easaidh Mòr, which stands at a height of 1,171 metres (3,842 ft). It is classified as both a Munro and a Marilyn.

From the broad summit plateau ridges lead in almost every direction, allowing access from Glen Avon to the north, from Beinn a' Bhùird to the west and from Gleann an t-Slugain in the south. To the west of the summit lies the massive corrie, Slochd Mòr, with its rocky cliffs, and the approaches from the south and west take you close to the corrie rim. The most common ascent route is via the path in the deep glen that separates Ben Avon and Beinn a' Bhùird, or from Beinn a' Bhùird itself. The summit tor itself must be climbed in order to "bag" the mountain, though it is an easy scramble.
Evidentiality
In linguistics, evidentiality is, broadly, the indication of the nature of evidence for a given statement; that is, whether evidence exists for the statement and if so, what kind. An evidential (also verificational or validational) is the particular grammatical element (affix, clitic, or particle) that indicates evidentiality. Languages with only a single evidential have had terms such as mediative, médiatif, médiaphorique, and indirective used instead of evidential.

Evidentiality may be direct or indirect: direct evidentials are used to describe information directly perceived by the speaker through vision as well as other sensory experiences while indirect evidentials consist of the other grammatical markers for evidence such as quotatives and inferentials.

Northeast Caucasian languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to Pontic languages for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as well as in Georgia and diaspora populations in Western Europe and the Middle East. According to Glottolog, there are currently 36 Nakh-Dagestanian languages.
Flavor Unit
The Flavor Unit is a crew of emcees and DJs from New York City and Northern New Jersey. It is now known as the Unit. The original version of the crew centered on producer the 45 King. It was Mark's connections to radio personalities DJ Red Alert and DJ Chuck Chillout that initially got the crew noticed, but the original members also all had formidable rhyme skills and wrote streetwise lyrics. Eventually, Queen Latifah took over the name and it became her umbrella organization. Flavor Unit Management is run by Latifah, one of the original members of the Flavor Unit, and Shakim Compere. Past management clients were Monica, Outkast, Faith Evans, Total, SWV, Almighty RSO (a group featuring Ray Dog, better known today as Benzino), Groove Theory, Monifah, Gina Thompson, LL Cool J, Zhané, Donell Jones, and Naughty By Nature.

The Almighty RSO
The Almighty RSO, formerly known as the RSO Crew, was an American hip hop group from Boston, Massachusetts. Members included MCs E-Devious (Marco Antonio Ennis, later known as Antonio Twice Thou), Ray Dogg (Raymond Scott, later known as Benzino), Tony Rhome (Anthony Johnson), Rock (Rodney Pitts) and DJ Deff Jeff (Jeffrey Neal).  The group was part of Boston's early hip-hop scene in the 1980s and went on to release records into the 1990s.
Battle of Jengland
The Battle of Jengland (also called Jengland-Beslé, Beslé, or Grand Fougeray) took place on 22 August 851, between the Frankish army of Charles the Bald and the Breton army of Erispoe, Duke of Brittany. The Bretons were victorious, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Angers in September 851 and the recognition of Erispoe as the legitimate ruler of the Bretons under Charles the Bald.

Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald (French: Charles le Chauve; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) was a king of West Francia (843–77), king of Italy (875–77) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–77). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father, Louis the Pious, Charles succeeded, by the Treaty of Verdun (843), in acquiring the western third of the empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife, Judith.
German bombing of Rotterdam
In 1940, Rotterdam was subjected to heavy aerial bombardment by the Luftwaffe during the German invasion of the Netherlands during the Second World War. The objective was to support the German troops fighting in the city, break Dutch resistance and force the Dutch army to surrender. Bombing began at the outset of hostilities on 10 May and culminated with the destruction of the entire historic city centre on 14 May, an event sometimes referred to as the Rotterdam Blitz. According to an official list published in 2022, at least 1,150 people were killed, with 711 deaths in the 14 May bombing alone, and 85,000 more were left homeless.

The psychological and the physical success of the raid, from the German perspective, led the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL) to threaten to destroy the city of Utrecht if the Dutch command did not surrender. The Dutch surrendered in the late afternoon of 14 May and signed the capitulation early the next morning.

P. W. Scharroo
Pieter Wilhelmus Scharroo (16 September 1883 – 19 August 1963) was a Dutch military commander in charge during the Battle of Rotterdam. While he was trying to negotiate a ceasefire with his German counterparts, the Rotterdam Blitz took place. Frustrated by the bombing, he refused to continue the negotiations with the German army.

Scharroo was born in The Hague. Prior to the Second World War, he had an impressive civil and military career in the Netherlands as well as the Dutch East Indies. Scharroo was also a long-time member of the International Olympic Committee.

After the war he retired from the army and started a career as a hydrological adviser. He died, aged 79, in his home city of The Hague. He was never decorated for his attempts to defend the city of Rotterdam.
102 Sul station
102 Sul is a Federal District Metro station which operates both the Orange and Green lines. It was opened on 4 June 2009 and added to the already operating section of the line, from Central to Terminal Samambaia and Terminal Ceilândia. It is located between Galería and 106 Sul Cine Brasília, in the city's South Wing.

106 Sul Cine Brasília station
106 Sul Cine Brasília is a Federal District Metro station on both the Orange and Green lines. It was opened on 16 September 2020 and added to the already operating section of the line, from Central to Terminal Samambaia and Terminal Ceilândia. It is located between 102 Sul and 108 Sul near the Cine Brasília, where the annual Brasília Film Festival takes place.

On August 29, 2017, the Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal made public the bidding process for the completion of the station's works. The contract had an estimated value of R$21.282 million and initially had a deadline of 18 months for completion from the signing of the contract. The station was inaugurated on September 17, 2020, along with the 110 Sul station.
JBXE
JBX, racing as JBX Powered by Team Monaco for sponsorship reason, is an FIA Extreme H World Cup racing team. The team was founded by the 2009 Formula One World Champion Jenson Button as JBXE and takes part in the series that is highlighting the impacts of climate change.

Extreme E
Extreme E (XE) was an international off-road racing series that used spec silhouette electric SUVs to race in remote parts of the world, such as the Saudi Arabian desert or the Arctic. All racing locations were chosen to raise awareness for some aspects of climate change and Extreme E maintained a "Legacy Programme" to provide social and environmental support for those locations. The series also promoted gender equality in motorsport by mandating that all teams consist of a female and a male driver who share equal driving duties.

The first season began with the Desert X-Prix in Saudi Arabia in April 2021. After four seasons, the last of which was abandoned halfway, the series held one final event in 2025 and was replaced by hydrogen-based Extreme H.
Yarrumia
Yarrumia is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Lobarioideae of the family Peltigeraceae. It has two foliose species that are found in New Zealand. Lichen products that have been detected in the genus include polyporic acid, pigments and stictane triterpenoids. The genus was established in 2015 and named after the New Zealand scientist James Murray, who first discovered the distinctive chemical compounds in these lichens during the 1950s. These large, leaf-like lichens can spread across bark and moss in patches up to 20 centimetres wide, and are recognised by their golden-yellow interior colouring.

Peltigeraceae
The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae species have large and conspicuous, leathery thalli. They largely occur in cool-temperate to tropical montane climates. Tripartite thalli involving fungus, green algae and cyanobacteria are common in this family.
Andy Moses
Andy Moses (born 1962) is an American contemporary abstract painter based in Los Angeles active in the Light and Space Movement and Finish Fetish movements. He is the son West Coast abstract artist Ed Moses and Avilda Peters.

Ed Moses (artist)
Ed Moses (April 9, 1926 – January 17, 2018) was an American artist based in Los Angeles and a central figure of postwar West Coast art.

Moses first exhibited at the Ferus Gallery in 1957 and became widely known over the next five decades.
Sanchaspis
Sanchaspis is an extinct genus of galeaspid jawless fish. It lived during the Pragian period of the Lower Devonian, in the Xujiachong Formation of what is now the province of Yunnan in China. The genus contains one species, S. megalorostrata, described in 1981.

Galeaspida
Galeaspida (from Latin, 'Helmet shields') is an extinct taxon of jawless marine and freshwater fish. The name is derived from galea, the Latin word for helmet, and refers to their massive bone shield on the head. Galeaspida lived in shallow, fresh water and marine environments during the Silurian and Devonian times (430 to 370 million years ago) in what is now Southern China, Tibet and Vietnam. Superficially, their morphology appears more similar to that of Heterostraci than Osteostraci, there being currently no evidence that the galeaspids had paired fins. A galeaspid Tujiaaspis vividus from the Silurian period of China was described in 2022 as having a precursor condition to the form of paired fins seen in Osteostraci and gnathostomes. Earlier than this, Galeaspida were already in fact regarded as being more closely related to Osteostraci, based on the closer similarity of the morphology of the braincase.
Libertalia
Libertalia (also known as Libertatia) was a purported pirate colony founded in the late 17th century in Madagascar under the leadership of Captain James Misson (last name occasionally spelled "Mission", first name occasionally given as "Olivier").  The main source for Libertalia is Volume 2 of A General History of the Pyrates, a 1724 book which describes Captain Misson and Libertalia.  Little to no corroborating evidence for Libertalia beyond this account has been found, and Libertalia is widely regarded as fictional by contemporary scholars.

Pirate utopia
Pirate utopias were defined by anarchist writer Peter Lamborn Wilson, who coined the term in his 1995 book Pirate Utopias: Moorish Corsairs & European Renegadoes, as secret islands once used for supply purposes by pirates. Wilson's concept is largely based on speculation, although he admits to adding a bit of fantasy to the idea. In Wilson's view, these pirate enclaves were early forms of autonomous proto-anarchist societies in that they operated beyond the reach of governments and embraced unrestricted freedom.
Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar
The Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (Navy and Marine Corps designation R4Q) is an American military transport aircraft developed from the World War II-era Fairchild C-82 Packet, designed to carry cargo, personnel, litter patients, and mechanized equipment, and to drop cargo and troops by parachute. The first C-119 made its initial flight in November 1947, and by the time production ceased in 1955, more than 1,100 had been built.

Westinghouse J34
The Westinghouse J34, company designation Westinghouse 24C, was a turbojet engine developed by Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division in the late 1940s. Essentially an enlarged version of the earlier Westinghouse J30, the J34 produced 3,000 pounds of thrust, twice as much as the J30. Later models produced as much as 4,900 lb with the addition of an afterburner. It first flew in 1947. The J46 engine was developed as a larger, more powerful version of Westinghouse's J34 engine, about 50% larger.
House of Bourbon-Montpensier
The House of Bourbon-Montpensier or Maison de Bourbon-Montpensier was a semi royal family. The name of Bourbon comes from a marriage between Marie de Valois, comtesse de Montpensier (1375–1434) who married Jean de Bourbon - the duc de Bourbon. The second name of Montpensier, comes from the title of the family.

The Bourbon-Montpensier family were the founders of the vast wealth that would later be enjoyed by the House of Orléans and their cousins the Bourbon-Penthièvres.

Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier
Marie de Bourbon (15 October 1605 – 4 June 1627), Duchess of Montpensier, Princess of Dombes and Duchess of Orléans by marriage, was a French noblewoman and one of the last members of the House of Bourbon-Montpensier. Her parents were Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier and Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse, Duchess of Joyeuse in her own right.
2001 Algerian Cup final
The 2001 Algerian Cup final was the 37th final of the Algerian Cup. The final took place on July 10, 2001, at Stade 5 Juillet 1962 in Algiers. USM Alger beat CR Mécheria 1-0 to win their 5th Algerian Cup.

Algerian Cup
The Algerian Cup (Arabic: كأس الجزائر), also known as the Republic Cup (Arabic: كأس الجمهورية), is an annual knockout football competition in Algerian football, organized by the Algerian Football Federation.

The competition was founded in 1962 and is open to all eligible clubs of the Algerian football league system,. The winners automatically qualify for both the CAF Confederation Cup and the Algerian Super Cup the following year. If they have already qualified for CAF Confederation Cup through their league position, the Confederation Cup spot is given to the highest-placed team in the league who has not yet qualified.

USM Alger and CR Belouizdad are the most successful clubs in the competition, having won 9 titles. USM Alger have contested the most finals with 18  finals. USM Alger are also the most recent winners, having defeated rivals CR Belouizdad in the 2025 final held at the 	Nelson Mandela Stadium.
Women's Hoofdklasse Hockey
The Women's Hoofdklasse Hockey is the women's top division of field hockey in the Netherlands. The league ranks first in the European league ranking table. The league was established in 1981 and, prior to that, champions of several districts played in a championship pool to determine the national champion.

Den Bosch are the current champions, having won the 2024–25 season by defeating SCHC in the championship final. Den Bosch has the most titles with 23 followed by Amsterdam with 21.

2024–25 Women's Hoofdklasse Hockey
The 2024–25 Women's Hoofdklasse Hockey was the 44th season of the Women's Hoofdklasse Hockey, the top Dutch field hockey league. The season began on 14 September 2024 and concluded on 29 May 2025 with the second match of the championship final.

Den Bosch were the defending champions. They defended their title by defeating SCHC 4–3 in a shoot-out after the final finished 2–2 on aggregate. It was a record-extending 23rd title for Den Bosch.
Sphericity (graph theory)
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the sphericity of a graph is a graph invariant defined to be the smallest dimension of Euclidean space required to realize the graph as an intersection graph of congruent spheres. The sphericity of a graph is one of several notions of graph dimension based on intersection graphs; others include boxicity and cubicity. The concept of sphericity was first introduced by Hiroshi Maehara in the early 1980s.

Boxicity
In graph theory, the boxicity of a graph is a graph invariant defined to be the minimum dimension of Euclidean space required to represent the graph as an intersection graph of axis-parallel boxes. That is, there must exist a one-to-one correspondence between the vertices of the graph and a set of boxes, such that two boxes intersect if and only if there is an edge connecting the corresponding vertices.

Boxicity was introduced by Fred S. Roberts in 1969.
Zohapilco
Zohapilco is an archaeological site in the Central Highlands of Mexico at Tlapacoya Hill, on the edge of Lake Chalco, dating from 5500 – 2200BC. The similar site of Tlapacoya is nearby.

Zohapilco was a settlement most known for the earliest date of the use of ceramics, and was the major site for the Tlatilco culture. There are considerable connections to the Olmec culture.

Zohapilco was an open air site rather than a rock shelter, which is a precursor to the Late Archaic villages. Zohapilco did not have developed agriculture as the people relied more on hunting and gathering. Even though people inhabited the area throughout the wet and dry seasons, there is no conclusive evidence to prove permanent sedentism.

Tlapacoya (archeological site)
Tlapacoya is an important archaeological site in Mexico, located at the foot of the Tlapacoya volcano, southeast of Mexico City, on the former shore of Lake Chalco.  Tlapacoya was a major site for the Tlatilco culture.

Tlapacoya is known in particular for Tlapacoya figurines.  These sophisticated earthware figurines were generally created between 1500 and 300 BCE and are representative of the Preclassic Period.

Tlapacoya was also a manufacturing center for so-called "Dragon Pots" (see photo below). These flat-bottomed cylindrical bowls have white or buff surfaces incised with almost abstract Olmec-style drawings, generally of were-jaguars.