hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard I. Bong Airport
Richard I. Bong Airport (IATA: SUW, ICAO: KSUW, FAA LID: SUW) is a city-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) south of the central business district of Superior, a city in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2025–2029, in which it is categorized as a local general aviation facility.

Also known as Richard I. Bong Memorial Airport, it is named after World War II fighter pilot Richard I. Bong, the highest scoring U.S. fighter ace in history.

Superior, Wisconsin
Superior is a city in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 26,751 at the 2020 census. Superior and nearby Duluth, Minnesota, sit at the western tip of Lake Superior and together form the Twin Ports, a major Great Lakes harbor.

Bordered by Saint Louis, Superior, and Allouez bays, the city is framed by two rivers: the Nemadji and the Saint Louis. Superior is at the junction of U.S. Route 2 and U.S. Route 53 immediately north of, and adjacent to, both the Village of Superior and the Town of Superior. It is an industrial city, with ship harbors along two sides, several large rail yards, an oil refinery, and a shipyard. Superior and neighboring Duluth feature museum ships (SS William A. Irvin in Duluth and SS Meteor in Superior), devoted to the local maritime heritage. Superior was the final port of call for SS Edmund Fitzgerald before her sinking on November 10, 1975.
El Reencuentro season 1
Gran Hermano: El Reencuentro (English: "Big Brother: The Reunion") is the first season of the Spanish reality show El Reencuentro and the first All-Stars season of the reality show Gran Hermano. It premiered on 3 February 2010, and concluded 30 March 2010.

On 31 January 2010, during the last episode of El Debate for Gran Hermano 11, Gran Hermano host Mercedes Milá confirmed that the Gran Hermano house was going to open again just one week after the finale, this time with the former housemates from previous seasons of Gran Hermano.

The format for this season involves the housemates working in pairs that correspond to the season of Gran Hermano they were previously on. This is similar to the twist used on Big Brother 9 U.S. The show was originally intended to run for only a month but was extended to 56 days due to high ratings. Days 35, 42 and 49, in particular, all received a viewership of under 3 million viewers.

Gran Hermano (Spanish TV series) season 5
Gran Hermano 5 is the fifth season of the reality television series Gran Hermano which was broadcast in Spain on Telecinco and La Siete and produced by Endemol. Season 5 lasted for 113 days from September 21, 2003 to January 11, 2004. Nuria Yáñez emerged as the winner.
Increment theorem
In nonstandard analysis, a field of mathematics, the increment theorem states the following: Suppose a function y = f(x) is differentiable at x and that Δx is infinitesimal. Then

for some infinitesimal ε, where

If  then we may write

which implies that , or in other words that  is infinitely close to , or  is the standard part of .

A similar theorem exists in standard Calculus.  Again assume that y = f(x) is differentiable, but now let Δx be a nonzero standard real number. Then the same equation

holds with the same definition of Δy, but instead of ε being infinitesimal, we have

(treating x and f as given so that ε is a function of Δx alone).

Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach
Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal approach is a textbook by H. Jerome Keisler. The subtitle alludes to the infinitesimal numbers of the hyperreal number system of Abraham Robinson and is sometimes given as An approach using infinitesimals. The book is available freely online and is currently published by Dover.
Mammites
Mammites is a Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Turonian) ammonite genus included in the acanthoceratoidean family, Acanthoceratidae, and the type genus for the subfamily Mammitinae. Mammites was named by Laube and Bruder in 1887.

Mammitinae
Mammitinae comprises a subfamily within the Acanthoceratidae (Ammonoidea) characterized by moderately to very evolute shells with rectangular to squarish whorl sections along with blunt umbilical and prominent inner and outer ventrolateral tubercles on sparse ribs that may be round and strong, sharp and narrow, or absent. The suture is somewhat simpler than that of the Acanthoceratinae. Range is restricted to the lower Turonian stage of the Upper Cretaceous.

Genera include:

Buccinammonites

Buchiceras

Cryptometoicoceras

Dunverganoceras Warren & Stelck, 1940

Mammites Laube & Bruden, 1886

Metasigaloceras Hyatt, 1903

Metoicoceras Hyatt, 1903

Mitonia

Nannometoicoceras

Parabuchiceras

Paracompsoceras

Plesiacanthoceras

Praemetoicoceras

Pseudoaspidoceras Hyatt, 1903

Rhamphidoceras

Spathites

Texacanthoceras
Wind power in Denmark
Denmark was a pioneer in developing commercial wind power during the 1970s, and today a substantial share of the wind turbines around the world are produced by Danish manufacturers such as Vestas—the world's largest wind-turbine manufacturer—along with many component suppliers. Furthermore, Denmark has—as of 2022—the world's 2nd highest amount of wind power generation capacity installed per capita, behind only neighboring Sweden.

In 2024, wind power made up 59.3% of total electricity generation in Denmark, up from 56% in 2020, 20% in 2010 and 11% in 2000. This contributes to the government's target of 100% renewable power generation by 2030.

Denmark had the 4th best energy architecture performance in the world in 2017 according to the World Economic Forum, and the second best energy security in the world in 2019 according to the World Energy Council.

Solar power in Denmark
Solar power in Denmark amounts to 4,832 MW of grid-connected PV capacity at the end of September 2025, and contributes to a government target to use 100% renewable electricity by 2030 and 100% renewable energy by 2050. Solar power produced 11.2% of Danish electricity generation in 2024, the highest share in the Nordic countries.

The goal of 200 MW of photovoltaics by 2020 was reached eight years early, in 2012. Projections of future capacity have continued to increase; a total of 9,000 MW (9 GW) is expected to be installed by 2030.

Many solar-thermal district heating plants exist and are planned in Denmark.
Tourism in South Korea
Tourism in South Korea and its industry caters to both foreign and domestic tourists. The country has 16 World Heritage Sites, including Changdeokgung Palace, Namhansanseong and Hwaseong Fortress. Seoul is the principal tourist destination for visitors. Popular tourist destinations outside of the capital include the major coastal city of Busan, the Seorak-san national park, the historic city of Gyeongju and subtropical Jeju Island.

Haeundae Beach
Haeundae Beach (Korean: 해운대해수욕장) is an urban beach in Busan, South Korea, located in the eponymous Haeundae District.

It is one of Busan's most popular tourist attractions and one of South Korea's most popular beaches. It is open around the year, and hosts a variety of events, including the Haeundae Sand Festival and Busan International Film Festival.
Wang Yat (constituency)
Wang Yat (Chinese: 宏逸) is one of the 39 constituencies in the Yuen Long District of Hong Kong. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Yuen Long District Council, with an election every four years.

Wang Yat constituency is loosely based on Grandeur Terrace and part of Tin Yat Estate in Tin Shui Wai with estimated population of 20,242.

Grandeur Terrace
Grandeur Terrace (Chinese: 俊宏軒) is a public housing estate in Tin Shui Wai, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Hong Kong Wetland Park as well as Light Rail Tin Heng and Wetland Park stop. It is the only estate in Tin Shui Wai which its name does not have the prefix "Tin" (Chinese: 天) and was a HOS and PSPS court, and it is the largest PSPS in Hong Kong with 4,100 residential units. It was jointly developed by Hong Kong Housing Authority and Rich Score Development Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Chun Wo Holdings Limited and it consists of eleven residential buildings completed in 2003. When it was completed, the estate was transferred to public rental housing.
Theodore Payne Foundation
The Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers and Native Plants — or TPF, is a private, non-profit organization founded in 1960 to promote the understanding and preservation of California native plants. It continues the work of Theodore Payne, an English horticulturist, gardener, landscape designer, and botanist.

The Foundation is located in Sun Valley, in the northeastern San Fernando Valley and western Verdugo Mountains foothills.

Sun Valley, Los Angeles
Sun Valley is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California in the San Fernando Valley region. The neighborhood is known for its younger population. There are three recreation centers in Sun Valley, one of which is a historic site. The neighborhood has thirteen public schools—including John H. Francis Polytechnic High School and Valley Oaks Center for Enriched Studies (VOCES)—and four private schools.
Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District
Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان لاهيجان غربي) is in Lajan District of Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Silveh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Darbekeh, now in Lahijan Rural District.

Silveh
Silveh (Persian: سيلوه) is a village in, and the capital of, Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District in Lajan District of Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Darbekeh, now in Lahijan Rural District. The village can be flooded when the Silveh Dam reaches full capacity.
St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad
The St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad (reporting mark SLR), known as St-Laurent et Atlantique Quebec (reporting mark SLQ) in Canada, is a short-line railway operating between Portland, Maine, on the Atlantic Ocean, and Montreal, Quebec, on the St. Lawrence River. It crosses the Canada–US border at Norton, Vermont, and Stanhope, Quebec, and is owned by short-line operator Genesee & Wyoming.

The line was built by the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad in the U.S. and the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railway in Canada, meeting at Island Pond, Vermont, south of the international border. Major communities served include Portland and Lewiston in Maine; Berlin, New Hampshire; Island Pond, Vermont; and Sherbrooke and Montreal in Quebec.

Wild River (Androscoggin River tributary)
The Wild River is a 17.2-mile-long (27.7 km) river in the White Mountains of New Hampshire and Maine in the United States. It is a tributary of the Androscoggin River, which flows east and south to the Kennebec River near the Atlantic Ocean.
Mary Francis Hill Coley
Mary Francis Hill Coley (August 15, 1900 – March 8, 1966) was an American lay midwife who ran a successful business providing a range of birth services and who starred in a critically acclaimed documentary film used to train midwives and doctors. Her competence projected an image of black midwives as the face of an internationally esteemed medical profession, while working within the context of deep social and economic inequality in health care provided to African Americans.: 112  Her life story and work exist in the context of Southern granny midwives who served birthing women outside of hospitals.

Onnie Lee Logan
Onnie Lee Logan (née Rodgers) (3 May 1910 – 12 July 1995) was an Alabama midwife and Civil rights activist, who relied on traditional knowledge and who trained lay midwives and served the needs of birthing women in an era when black women were not served equally in the era when hospitals emerged.
Fraxinus dipetala
Fraxinus dipetala, the California ash or two-petal ash, is a species of ash native to southwestern North America in the United States in northwestern Arizona, California, southern Nevada, and Utah, and in Mexico in northern Baja California. It grows at altitudes of 100–1,300 m.

It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 7 m tall, with cylindric to four-angled stems. The leaves are 5–19 cm long, light to dark green, with three to seven (rarely nine) leaflets 1–7 cm long, thick, and serrated along the margins. The flowers have two white lobe-shaped petals 2.5–4 mm long, and are sweetly scented, hanging in fluffy clusters; unlike many ashes, they are bisexual, not dioecious. The fruit is a long, flat samara 2–3.2 cm long and 5–9 mm broad, green when immature and hanging in bunches.

Fraxinus
Fraxinus (/ˈfræksɪnəs/), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous (dropping their leaves in autumn), although some subtropical species are evergreen. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America.

The leaves are usually opposite, and mostly pinnately compound (divided into leaflets in a feather-like arrangement). The seeds, known as "keys", are botanically fruits of the type called samara. Some species are dioecious, having male and female flowers on separate plants.

Ash wood is strong and elastic, and used for the handles of tools. Musical instrument makers use it for electric guitars and for drum shells. The Morgan Motor Company makes the frames of sports cars from ash wood. In Greek mythology, the Meliae were the nymphs of ash trees.
Autoland
In aviation, autoland describes a system that fully automates the landing procedure of an aircraft's flight, with the flight crew supervising the process. Such systems enable airliners to land in weather conditions that would otherwise be dangerous or impossible to operate in.

A few general aviation aircraft have begun to be fitted with "emergency autoland" systems that can be activated by passengers, or by automated crew monitoring systems. The emergency autoland systems are designed to complete an emergency landing at the nearest suitable airport, without any further human intervention, in the event that the flight crew is incapacitated.

Fog
Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals held in the air  near the Earth's surface. Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog affects many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare.

Fog appears when water vapor (water in its gaseous form) condenses. During condensation, molecules of water vapor combine to make tiny water droplets that hang in the air. Sea fog, which shows up near bodies of saline water, is formed as water vapor condenses on bits of salt. Fog is similar to, but less transparent than, mist.
Hurmuzachi brothers
The Hurmuzachi brothers, Alexandru (1823–1871), Constantin (1811–1869), Eudoxiu (1812–1874), Gheorghe (1817–1882), and Nicolae (1826–1909), were members of an old Hurmuzachi family of Romanian nobles in Austrian Bukovina with an estate in Cernăuca. They were activists in the Romanian national movement in Bukovina and elsewhere.

Their estate was a center of activity for Romanians during the Revolutions of 1848, and they were later a key source of material and financial support to nationalist exiles, as well as a point of contact through whom the ideas of the exiles reentered the country.

Their father was Doxachi (Doxache, Doxaki) Hurmuzachi (Hurmuzaki).

Eudoxiu and Alexandru Hurmuzachi were members of the Romanian Academy.

Alexandru Hurmuzachi

Constantin Hurmuzachi

Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi

Gheorghe Hurmuzachi

Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi
Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi (also spelled Eudoxiu Hurmuzache; German: Eudoxius Freiherr von Hormuzaki; 29 September 1812 – 10 February 1874) was a Romanian historian and politician who served as Landeshauptmann of the Duchy of Bucovina.
Doomsday argument
The doomsday argument (DA), or Carter catastrophe, is a probabilistic argument that aims to predict the total number of humans who will ever live. It argues that if a human's birth rank is randomly sampled from the set of all humans who will ever live, it is improbable that one would be at the extreme beginning. This implies that the total number of humans is unlikely to be much larger than the number of humans born so far.

The doomsday argument was originally proposed by the astrophysicist Brandon Carter in 1983, leading to the initial name of the Carter catastrophe. The argument was subsequently championed by the philosopher John A. Leslie and has since been independently conceived by J. Richard Gott and Holger Bech Nielsen.

Copernican principle
In physical cosmology, the Copernican principle states that humans are not privileged observers of the universe, that observations from the Earth are representative of observations from the average position in the universe. Named for Copernican heliocentrism, it is a working assumption that arises from a modified cosmological extension of Copernicus' argument of a moving Earth.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Southold (town), New York
This list is intended to provide a comprehensive listing of entries on the National Register of Historic Places in Town of Southold, New York.  The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

Southold, New York
The Town of Southold is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located in the northeastern tip of the county, on the North Fork of Long Island. The population was 23,732 at the 2020 census. The town contains a hamlet,  also named Southold, which was settled in 1640.
American Airlines Group
American Airlines Group Inc. is an American publicly traded airline holding company headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. It was formed on December 9, 2013, by the merger of AMR Corporation, the parent company of American Airlines, and US Airways Group, the parent company of US Airways. Integration was completed when the Federal Aviation Administration granted a single operating certificate for both carriers on April 8, 2015, and all flights now operate under the American Airlines brand.

The group operates the largest airline in the world, as measured by number of passengers carried and by scheduled passenger-kilometers flown.  The company ranked No. 70 in the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations based on its 2019 revenue.

JetBlue
JetBlue Airways Corporation, stylized as jetBlue, is an American low-cost airline headquartered in Long Island City, in Queens, New York City. Primarily a point-to-point carrier, JetBlue's network features six focus cities including its main hub at New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport, with destinations across the Americas and Europe. Although not a member of any global airline alliances, JetBlue has codeshare agreements with airlines from Oneworld, SkyTeam, and Star Alliance.
Gnaeus (praenomen)
Gnaeus (/ˈ(ɡ)naɪəs, ˈniːəs/ (G)NY-əs, NEE-əs, Latin: [ˈŋnae̯.ʊs]), feminine Gnaea, is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was common throughout the period of the Roman Republic, and well into imperial times. The praenomen was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gens Naevia. The name was regularly abbreviated Cn., based on the archaic spelling, Cnaeus, dating from the period before the letters "C" and "G" were differentiated.

For most of Roman history, Gnaeus was one of the ten most common praenomina, being less common than Titus, the sixth most common praenomen, and comparable in frequency to Aulus, Spurius, and Sextus. Although the name was used by a minority of families at Rome, it was favored by a number of prominent gentes, including the Cornelii, Domitii, Manlii, and Servilii. The name gradually became less common in imperial times.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
English League North
The English League North was the top-flight ice hockey league in northern England from 1978, when it alongside the English League South it replaced the Southern League.  In 1982, it was replaced by the British Hockey League, running on a national basis. Between 1978 and 1981 the league had been named the Southern League (Midland).

Southern League (ice hockey)
The Southern League was the top-flight ice hockey league for clubs in the majority of England from 1970. It was formed as the counterpart to the clubs in Scotland and the north of England called the Northern League. In 1978, its southern-based clubs broke away and formed the Inter-City League and the remaining clubs continued as the Southern League, known also as the English League North in 1981-82. A Second or "B" Division and a junior league was also contested in most seasons.
Montespertoli
Montespertoli (Italian pronunciation: [monteˈspɛrtoli]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Florence.

Montespertoli borders the following municipalities: Barberino Val d'Elsa, Castelfiorentino, Certaldo, Empoli, Lastra a Signa, Montelupo Fiorentino, San Casciano in Val di Pesa, Scandicci, Tavarnelle Val di Pesa.

The presence of human settlements in the area dates to Roman and Etruscan times, although the villages of the modern municipality are known from the 11th century, when San Pietro in Mercato and Lucardo are mentioned. In 1393 the borough of Montespertoli was acquired by the Machiavelli family.

Scandicci
Scandicci (Italian pronunciation: [skanˈdittʃi]) is a comune (municipality) of c. 50,000 inhabitants in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 6 kilometres (4 miles) southwest of Florence.

Scandicci borders the following municipalities: Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Impruneta, Lastra a Signa, Montespertoli, San Casciano in Val di Pesa, Signa.

The settlement of Scandicci appeared in 1774 as Torri, and was later enlarged to incorporate several neighbouring communities.
Crawley Baths
Crawley Baths was a public swimming facility, in Matilda Bay, near Crawley, Western Australia along Mounts Bay Road.  The timber structure was opened on 7 February 1914. The opening ceremony was conducted by Premier John Scaddan and included a swimming carnival and life saving displays.

The baths were the largest enclosed body of water in the southern hemisphere and were an important recreational facility in Perth for fifty years.  They were demolished in 1964 after Beatty Park was built for the 1962 Commonwealth Games.

A bronze statue Eliza commemorates the baths and stands in the river near its former location.

Crawley, Western Australia
Crawley is a western suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. The area is part of the local government area of the City of Perth and was previously shared between the City of Subiaco and City of Perth. It is about 5.8 kilometres (4 mi) from the Perth CBD via Mounts Bay Road.

The earlier name of the locality was Crawley Park. It was named by an early landowner, Henry Charles Sutherland, whose mother's maiden name was Crawley.

It is home to the University of Western Australia, the state's oldest university.