hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of rail transport in Russia
Russia was and is the largest country in the world. Its geography of north–south rivers and east–west commerce, plus, importantly, the mostly flat terrain, made it very suited to develop railroads as the basic mode of transportation.

Today Russian Railways, a state-owned railway company, is one of the biggest railway companies in the world with 950,000 employees  and a monopoly within Russia. The total length of line used by the Russian Railways is, at 85,500 kilometres (53,130 mi), one of the largest in the world, exceeded only by the United States.

5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways
Railways with a railway track gauge of 5 ft (1,524 mm) first appeared in the United Kingdom and the United States. This gauge became commonly known as "Russian gauge", because the government of the Russian Empire chose it in 1843. Former areas and states (such as Finland) of the Empire have inherited this standard. However in 1970, Soviet Railways redefined the gauge as 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in).

With about 225,000 km (140,000 mi) of track, 1,520 mm is the second-most common gauge in the world, after 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge.
Baby Nansen
Birthony Katarina Nansen (born 11 January 1987), better known as Baby Nansen, is a New Zealand professional boxer and kickboxer. Nansen's biggest fight of her career was against Melissa St. Vil for the vacant WBC Silver female super featherweight title on the Kali Reis vs. Maricela Cornejo undercard. Despite losing the bout, she fought very well and received a WBC ranking of 39th. Nansen has fought on a King in the Ring undercard.

Melissa St. Vil
Melissa St. Vil (born September 8, 1983) is an American professional boxer. She has challenged twice for world titles; the WBC super featherweight title in 2018 and the WBC lightweight title in March 2019.
Muskoka River
The Muskoka River is a river in the Muskoka District of Ontario, Canada. The river is the third largest river draining the southern Ontario land mass by average annual flow.

It rises in the highlands of Algonquin Park and flows southwest through a number of lakes including

Lake Muskoka

Lake Joseph

Lake Rosseau

Lake of Bays

which empty into Georgian Bay south of Parry Sound by way of the Moon and Musquash Rivers.

Tributaries include the:

Indian River

Hollow River

Oxtongue River

Buck River

East River

Communities on the river include:

Bracebridge, Ontario

Huntsville, Ontario

The name "Muskoka" comes from the name of a chief of the Ojibwa in this region, "Mesqua Ukee" (Miskwaa-aki: Red Earth).

Moon River (Ontario)
The Moon River is a river in the municipalities of Georgian Bay and Muskoka Lakes, District Municipality of Muskoka in Central Ontario, Canada. It flows from Lake Muskoka at the community of Bala to Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, south of Parry Sound. The name of the river is thought to be derived from its Ojibwa name moonz-ziibi, which means "moose river".
Woodland station
Woodland station is a light rail stop on the MBTA Green Line D branch, located off Washington Street (MA-16) between the Newton Lower Falls and Auburndale villages of Newton, Massachusetts, United States. It serves as access to the Newton-Wellesley Hospital, as well as a park and ride station for nearby Route 128.

Woodland station was originally opened in 1886 by the Boston and Albany Railroad. The line closed in 1958 for conversion to light rail, and a new Woodland station slightly to the east in 1959. In 2006, the station was rebuilt for accessibility and a parking garage built as part of an adjacent transit-oriented development.

Newton-Wellesley Hospital
Newton-Wellesley Hospital (NWH) is a community teaching medical center located in Newton, Massachusetts on Washington Street. It is affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School.  Founded in 1881, part of its campus is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Newton Cottage Hospital Historic District.

It is a member of Mass General Brigham, a network founded by Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. The hospital offers a range of medical, surgical, and specialty care, including maternity services, a 24-hour emergency department, and orthopedic, critical care, and oncology inpatient units.
Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus
Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus (German: [ˈʁuːdɔlfsˌhaɪm fʏnfˈhaʊs] ⓘ; Viennese: Rudoifsham Fümfhaus) is the 15th municipal District of Vienna, Austria (German: 15. Bezirk). It is in central Vienna, west of Innere Stadt.

It borders Neubau and Mariahilf in the east, Meidling and Hietzing in the south, Penzing in the west, and Ottakring in the north. The northern border runs along the Gablenzgasse and eastern border along the Gürtel beltway (Neubaugürtel, Mariahilfer Gürtel and Sechshauser Gürtel). It includes the areas of Rudolfsheim (divided into Braunhirschen, Reindorf and Rustendorf), Fünfhaus and Sechshaus.

Gürtel, Vienna
The Gürtel (German: [ˈɡʏʁtl̩] ⓘlit. 'Belt') is a substantial beltway of Vienna. Running 13.1 km (8.1 mi) parallel to the famous Vienna Ring Road, it encompasses the inner city districts (Innenbezirke) and follows the route of the former Linienwall outer fortification. The city's red-light district is situated around the Gürtel.
Brazil–Germany relations
Brazil–Germany relations are the current and historical relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Federal Republic of Germany. Both nations enjoy friendly relations, the importance of which centers on the history of German migration to Brazil. There are approximately 7 to 12 million Brazilians of German descent. Both nations are members of the G20 and the United Nations.

Brazilians in Germany
Brazilians in Germany (Portuguese: Brasileiros na Alemanha) consist mainly of immigrants and expatriates from Brazil as well as their locally born descendants. Many of them consist of German Brazilian returnees. According to Brazil's foreign relations department, there are about 144,120 Brazilians living in Germany.
Southside (Richmond, Virginia)
The Southside of Richmond is an area of the Metropolitan Statistical Area surrounding Richmond, Virginia. It generally includes all portions of the City of Richmond that lie south of the James River, and includes all of the former city of Manchester. Depending on context, the term "Southside of Richmond" can include some northern areas of adjacent Chesterfield County, Virginia in the Richmond-Petersburg region. With minor exceptions near Bon Air, VA, the Chippenham Parkway forms the border between Chesterfield County and the City of Richmond portions of Southside, with some news agencies using the term "South Richmond" to refer to the locations in Southside located in the city proper.

Virginia State Route 288
State Route 288 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is a freeway-standard partial beltway around the southwest side of the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area in portions of Goochland, Powhatan, and Chesterfield counties. SR 288 was officially dedicated as the World War II Veterans Memorial Highway in 2004.
2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
The Senior women's race at the 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Hippodrome Wellington in Ostend (Oostende), Belgium, on March 24, 2001.  Reports of the event were given in The New York Times, in the Herald, and for the IAAF.

Complete results for individuals, for teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes who took part were published.

2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships took place on March 24/25, 2001.  The races were held at the Hippodrome Wellington in Ostend (Oostende), Belgium.  Reports of the event were given in The New York Times, in the Herald,  and for the IAAF.

Complete results for senior men, for senior men's teams, for men's short race, for men's short race teams, for junior men, for junior men's teams, senior women, for senior women's teams, for women's short race, for women's short race teams, for junior women,  for junior women's teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes who took part were published.
Sassetti Chapel
The Sassetti Chapel (Italian: Cappella Sassetti) is a chapel in the basilica of Santa Trinita in Florence, Italy. It is especially notable for its frescoes of the Stories of St. Francis, considered Domenico Ghirlandaio's masterwork.

Santa Trinita
Santa Trinita (pronounced [ˈsanta ˈtriːnita]; Italian for "Holy Trinity") is a Roman Catholic church located in front of the piazza of the same name, traversed by Via de' Tornabuoni, in central Florence, Tuscany, Italy. It is the mother church of the Vallumbrosan Order of Monks, founded in 1092 by a Florentine nobleman. South on Via de' Tornabuoni is the Ponte Santa Trinita over the river Arno; across the street is the Palazzo Spini Feroni.
Mopidevi mandal
Mopidevi mandal is one of the 25 mandals in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Machilipatnam revenue division and the headquarters are located at Mopidevi. The mandal is bounded by Challapalli, Koduru and Avanigadda mandals.

Avanigadda mandal
Avanigadda mandal is one of the 25 mandals in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Machilipatnam revenue division and the headquarters are located at Avanigadda. The mandal is bounded by Mopidevi, Koduru and Nagayalanka mandals.
Vindobona
Vindobona (Latin pronunciation: [wɪnˈdɔbɔna]; from Gaulish windo- "white" and bona "base/bottom") was a Roman military camp (or castra) in the province of Pannonia, located on the site of the modern city of Vienna in Austria. The settlement area took on a new name in the 13th century, being changed to Berghof, or now simply known as Alter Berghof (the Old Berghof).

Around 1 AD, the kingdom of Noricum was included in the Roman Empire. Henceforth, the Danube marked the border of the empire, and the Romans built fortifications and settlements on the banks of the Danube, including Vindobona with an estimated population of 15,000 to 20,000.

Legio X Gemina
Legio X Gemina ("10th Twin(s) Legion" in English), was a Roman legion, which was active during the late Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire as part of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, during the Roman invasion of Gaul. After being briefly disbanded, the legion was reconstituted by Augustus (also known as Octavian) and fought on the side of the Second Triumvirate during the Liberators' Civil War and later on the side of Augustus during the War of Actium which ended the Crisis of the Roman Republic. The legion remained active for centuries, with surviving records of its continued existence in Vienna as late as the 5th century AD. The legion's symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the legion was called X Equestris (mounted), because Caesar once used the legionaries as cavalry.
Juani Island
Juani Island (Kisiwa cha Juani, in Swahili) is an island of the Mafia Archipelago located in Jibondo ward of Mafia District in southern Pwani Region of Tanzania.

The Kua Ruins are the only things that are left of a Medieval Swahili settlement on the island, and they are situated on Juani Island southwestern coast. They shed light on a civilisation that existed on an island and was ruled by the Portuguese and the Omani as well as by independence, enslavement, and finally abandonment. The island is part of the Mafia Island Marine Park

The monuments contain evidence of early occupation and trade, including as Islamic and Chinese ceramics from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and coins from mainland Tanzania's Kilwa, and Portuguese reports from the sixteenth century mention the Kua people's enormous wealth.

Kua Ruins
Kua or Ruins of Kua (Swahili: Magofu ya mji wa kale wa Kua) is a Medieval Swahili, National Historic Site located  in Jibondo ward of Mafia District in Pwani Region of Tanzania. The site is located on Juani Island of the Mafia Archipelago.  As of 2016, the  site is currently on the list of 50 at-risk cultural heritage sites in 36 countries.
Tonieville, Kentucky
Tonieville is a small unincorporated community in LaRue County, Kentucky, United States, in the central part of the state. The community is part of the Elizabethtown, Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its zip code is 42748.

It is most notable as the birthplace of Carl Brashear, the first black U.S. Navy Master Diver.

Local tradition has it that the name of the town derived from two of the largest local landowners. These landowners were Tone Goodin and Tone Kennady and were known by the name of "Tone", which was probably short for "Anthony."
While several men named Tony besides the two listed above have been put forward as having been the source of the name Tonieville, it was in fact almost certainly named after the town of Tonneville in Normandy.

LaRue County, Kentucky
LaRue County is a county in the central region of the U.S. state of Kentucky, outside the Bluegrass Region and larger population centers. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,867.  Its county seat is Hodgenville, which is best known as the birthplace of United States President Abraham Lincoln. The county was established on March 4, 1843, from the southeast portion of Hardin County. It was named for John P. LaRue, an early settler. LaRue County is included in the Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Louisville/Jefferson County-Elizabethtown-Bardstown, KY-IN Combined Statistical Area. It is a dry county.
Jönköping County
Jönköping County (Swedish: Jönköpings län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. It borders the counties of Halland, Västra Götaland, Östergötland, Kalmar and Kronoberg. The total county population was 356,291 inhabitants in September 2017. The capital and largest city is Jönköping. About one quarter of the total county population lives in the combined Jönköping-Huskvarna urban area around the southern point of Lake Vättern.

Halland County
Halland County (Swedish: Hallands län, [ˈhǎlːan(d)s ˈlɛːn]) is a county (län) on the western coast of Sweden. It corresponds roughly to the cultural and historical province of Halland. The capital is Halmstad. Prince Julian, the son of Prince Carl Philip, is Duke of Halland.

It borders the counties of Västra Götaland, Jönköping, Kronoberg, Scania and the sea of the Kattegat.
Dormont, Pennsylvania
Dormont is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 8,244 at the 2020 census. It is a residential suburb of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Loosely translated, Dormont means "Mountain of Gold" in French.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Josefov Fortress
Josefov Fortress (Czech: Pevnost Josefov, German: Josefstadt or Josephstadt) is a large historic defence complex of 18th-century military architecture in Jaroměř in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It was built between 1780 and 1787. Together with Terezín fortress, it was built for protection against attacks from Prussia, but its military importance, like other such fortresses built across Europe, was minimal as decisive battles were often fought elsewhere. In 1948 it became part of the town of Jaroměř.

Terezín
Terezín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtɛrɛziːn] ⓘ; German: Theresienstadt) is a town in Litoměřice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,900 inhabitants. It is a former military fortress composed of the citadel and adjacent walled garrison town. The town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation. Terezín is most infamously the location of the Nazis' Theresienstadt Ghetto.
8th Legions' Infantry Regiment
8th Legions Infantry Regiment (Polish: 8 Pulk Piechoty Legionow, 8 pp Leg.) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Army. It existed from 1918 until 1939. Garrisoned in Lublin, and belonged to the 3rd Legions Infantry Division from Zamość. The regiment traced its traditions back to the 8th Infantry Regiment of the Duchy of Warsaw, commanded by Colonel Cyprian Godebski.

The history of the 8th Legions Infantry Regiment dates back to May 1918, when 2nd Infantry Regiment was formed in Ostrów Mazowiecka, by Polska Siła Zbrojna. In early 1919, during the Polish–Ukrainian War, it was renamed as the 8th Legions Infantry Regiment, and kept this name until the dissolution of Poland in October 1939. During the Nazi-Soviet Invasion of Poland, the regiment, together with whole 3rd Legions Infantry Division, which belonged to Prusy Army, fought in several major battles of the war.

3rd Legions Infantry Division (Poland)
Polish 3rd Legions Infantry Division (3. Dywizja Piechoty Legionów) was a tactical unit of the Polish Army between the World Wars. Formed in 1919, as a third unit composed significantly of veterans of the Polish Legions in World War I (after Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division and Polish 2nd Legions Infantry Division), it saw extensive action during the Polish-Bolshevik War and the Invasion of Poland. In the interbellum period, the headquarters of the division was stationed in Zamość, while its regiments were garrisoned in Chelm, Lublin, Zamosc and other locations.

The division was officially formed on April 9, 1919, in former Austrian Galicia, during the ongoing Polish-Ukrainian War. At the beginning it consisted of three regiments (7th Legions Infantry, 8th Legions Infantry and 3rd Legions Light Artillery), but was later reinforced with 9th Infantry Regiment.
Moorefields
Moorefields is a historic plantation home located near Hillsborough, Orange County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1785, and consists of a two-story central block, three bays wide, with flanking one-bay wings in the Federal style.  The house features a shed porch with turned wooden posts.  It was built by soldier and judge Alfred Moore (1755-1810).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Alfred Moore
Alfred Moore (May 21, 1755 – October 15, 1810) was an American judge, lawyer, planter and military officer who became an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Moore Square, a park located in the Moore Square Historic District in Raleigh, North Carolina, was named in his honor, as was Moore County, North Carolina. He was also a founder and trustee of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Moore is noted for having written just one opinion for the Court during his term of service: Bas v. Tingy, a minor case of maritime law.  Although a member of the Court for nearly four years, poor health kept Moore from the Court's business during much of his tenure.  In particular he did not participate in Marbury v. Madison, a landmark case decided while he was on the Court. Moore was one of the least effective justices in the history of the Court, his career having "made scarcely a ripple in American judicial history."
Clavia
Clavia Digital Musical Instruments (Clavia DMI AB) is a Swedish manufacturer of virtual analog synthesizers, virtual electromechanical pianos and stage pianos, founded in Stockholm, Sweden in 1983 by Hans Nordelius and Mikael Carlsson. Since 1995, Clavia's keyboards have been branded Nord.

Nord Piano
The Nord Piano is a digital piano developed in Sweden, by Clavia. Although the Nord Pianos are sample players that can play any of the sounds in the Nord Sample Library, it is primarily intended as a replacement for the electronic or acoustic piano.
Temple Hill (Hong Kong)
Temple Hill, also known as Tsz Wan Shan (Chinese: 慈雲山), is a hill between New Kowloon and the New Territories, Hong Kong. It peaks at 488 m. Beneath its south side is the residential area of Tsz Wan Shan and Buddhist temples. Sha Tin Pass runs between the hill and Unicorn Ridge. The summit of the hill is located within Sha Tin District.

Sha Tin Pass
Sha Tin Pass (沙田坳; Cantonese Yale: sā tìhn au) or Shatin Pass, and sometimes Sha Tin Au (沙田凹), is a mountain pass between Temple Hill and Unicorn Ridge in Hong Kong. The pass is located north of the populous area of Tsz Wan Shan, and used to be the only path connecting Kowloon and Sha Tin.

The area is administratively divided along the border between Lion Rock Country Park and Tsz Chuk Pavilion (紫竹亭), with the area inside the mountain belonging to Sha Tin District, and the area under the foothill belonging to Wong Tai Sin District.
Adam Cuthbertson
Adam Cuthbertson (born 24 February 1985) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a loose forward, prop and second-row forward for the Mackay Cutters in the Queensland Cup.

He was appointed head-coach of Mackay Cutters for 2025.

He has previously most recently played in England for Featherstone Rovers and York City Knights.

Cuthbertson played for the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, St. George Illawarra Dragons and the Newcastle Knights in the NRL, and the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League

Manly, New South Wales
Manly is a beach-side suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of the Sydney central business district and is currently one of the three administrative centres of the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. Manly has a long-standing reputation as a tourist destination, owing to its attractive setting on the Pacific Ocean and easy accessibility by ferry.
Christopher Kearney
Christopher Kearney is a Canadian singer and songwriter who kicked off his career after military service. He had a hit in 1970 with "Theme for Jody". He had more chart success with the single "Loosen Up".

Truck (Canadian band)
Truck was a 1970s Canadian rock group with a musical style similar to Natural Gas and Lighthouse. Signed to the Capitol label, they released two singles and an album. The outfit started out as Sound Spectrum in 1966 and by the early 1970s they had absorbed experienced musicians from groups Natural Gas and Motherlode. Their name had also been changed to Truck! The 1970s lineup was completely different to what it was when the group began. A busy live attraction, they did reasonably well with their album Truck which had an unbroken run for about a month-and-a-half in the charts.
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS) is a standard used for describing materials in archives. First adopted by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) in March 2004, DACS was updated with a Second Edition in 2013. DACS is broken down into a set of rules used in crafting archival descriptions, and guidelines for creating authority records in archives.

ISAD(G)
The General International Standard Archival Description, abbreviated as ISAD(G), defines the elements that should be included in an archival finding aid. It was approved by the International Council on Archives (ICA) as an international standard for registering archival documents produced by corporations, persons and families.