hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GNR Class C1 (small boiler)
The Great Northern Railway (GNR) Small Boiler Class C1 is a class of steam locomotive, the first 4-4-2 or Atlantic type in Great Britain.  They were designed by Henry Ivatt in 1897. In total 22  were built between 1898 and 1903 at Doncaster Works. The class were commonly known as 'Klondykes'  [sic], after the 1897 Klondike gold rush. They could reach speeds of up to 90 mph (145 km/h). They were also known as Small Atlantics.

4-4-2 (locomotive)
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 4-4-2 represents a configuration of a four-wheeled leading bogie, four powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels supporting part of the weight of the boiler and firebox. This allows a larger firebox and boiler than the 4-4-0 configuration.

This wheel arrangement is commonly known as the Atlantic type, although it is also sometimes called a Milwaukee or 4-4-2 Milwaukee, after the Milwaukee Road, which employed it in high speed passenger service.
Melbourne tram route 31
Melbourne tram route 31 was operated by Yarra Trams on the Melbourne tram network from Hoddle Street to Victoria Harbour. The route was designed as a supplementary service along Collins Street, with services running between peak hours with reduced services on weekends.

Melbourne tram route 11
Melbourne tram route 11 is a tram route on the Melbourne tramway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Operated by Yarra Trams, the route is coloured turqoise green and extends from West Preston to Victoria Harbour over 13.4-kilometre (8.3 mi) of double track via St Georges Road, Fitzroy and Collins Street. It is serviced out of Preston depot utilising E class trams.
Orobanche crenata
Orobanche crenata is a species of broomrape, commonly known as bean broomrape. It is a common parasite of the faba bean, Vicia faba.  It is native to the Mediterranean basin in Europe and North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Western Asia through to Iran. It has been introduced elsewhere, including Ethiopia. It has no chlorophyll, and gets its carbohydrates from the host's phloem, and water and minerals from the host's xylem. It is a constant threat to legume production. In the Apulia region of southern Italy, the stems of Orobanche crenata are gathered and eaten.

Orobanche
Orobanche, commonly known as broomrape, is a genus of almost 200 species of small parasitic herbaceous plants, mostly native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. It is the type genus of the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It is a weed on broadleaf crop plants in Australia, where some states enforce mandatory destruction and reporting, as well as prohibition of sale.
Northumberland Plate
The Northumberland Plate is a flat handicap horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Newcastle over a distance of 2 miles and 56 yards (3,270 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

Newcastle Racecourse
Newcastle Racecourse is a horse racing course located at Gosforth Park in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, owned by Arena Racing Company. It stages both flat and National Hunt racing, with its biggest meeting being the Northumberland Plate held annually in June.
Black Bart (outlaw)
Charles E. Boles (c. 1829 – ? Last seen February 28, 1888), also known as Black Bart, was an English-born American outlaw noted for the poetic messages he left behind after two of his robberies. Often called Charley by his friends, he was also known as Charles (or C. E.) Bolton. Considered a gentleman bandit with a reputation for style and sophistication, he was one of the most notorious stagecoach robbers to operate in and around Northern California and Southern Oregon during the 1870s and 1880s.

Willits, California
Willits (formerly Little Lake and Willitsville) is a city in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located about 20 miles (32 km) north-northwest of Ukiah, at an elevation of 1,391 feet (424 m). The population was 4,988 at the 2020 census. Willits is at the center of Mendocino County and at the beginning of the county's extensive redwood forests as approached by Highway 101 from the south.

An arch stands in the center of Willits featuring the slogans "Gateway to the Redwoods" and "Heart of Mendocino County". The arch is the repurposed second version of the Reno Arch. Reno donated the arch to Willits in 1995.
Fred Martin (artist)
Fred Thomas Martin (June 13, 1927 – October 8, 2022) was an American artist, writer and arts administrator, and educator who was active in the San Francisco Bay Area art scene since the late 1940s. He was a driving force of the Bay Area art scene from the mid-1950s until he retired from the San Francisco Art Institute. In addition to his artistic practice, Martin was widely known for his work as a longtime administrator and Professor Emeritus at the San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI).

Jay DeFeo
Jay DeFeo (31 March 1929 – 11 November 1989) was an American visual artist who became celebrated in the 1950s as part of the spirited community of Beat artists, musicians, and poets in San Francisco. Best known for her monumental work The Rose, DeFeo produced experimental works throughout her career, exhibiting what art critic Kenneth Baker called “fearlessness.”
Franklin School (Boise, Idaho)
Franklin School was a two-story brick and stucco building in the western United States, located in Boise, Idaho. Designed by Tourtellotte & Hummel and constructed in 1926, the school featured a flat roof with a decorated concrete parapet. Added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1982, it was demolished in 2009.

Hummel Architects
Hummel Architects PLLC is an American architectural firm based in Boise, Idaho. Its history extends back to 1890, when architect and contractor John E. Tourtellotte (1869-1939), of Massachusetts established himself in Boise. The firm is best remembered for the work it completed from 1910 to 1942 under the partnership / firm  name of Tourtellotte & Hummel, joining with Charles Hummel, including the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, (designed 1904-1913, constructed 1905-1920). From 1922 until 2002 it was led by three successive generations of the Hummel family.
Emperor Cheng of Han
Emperor Cheng of Han, personal name Liu Ao (劉驁; 51 BC – 17 April 7 BC), was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty ruling from 33 until 7 BC. He succeeded his father, Emperor Yuan. Under Emperor Cheng, the Han dynasty continued its growing disintegration as the emperor's maternal relatives from the Wang clan increased their grip on the levers of power and on governmental affairs as encouraged by the previous emperor. Corruption and greedy officials continued to plague the government and, as a result, rebellions broke out throughout the country. Emperor Cheng died childless after a reign of 26 years; both of his sons by concubines had died in infancy. One of them starved to death and another was suffocated in prison. The babies and their mothers were killed by the order of Emperor Cheng's favorite consort Zhao Hede, with the implied consent of the emperor. He was succeeded by his nephew, Emperor Ai, whose death was followed by Wang Mang's rise to power.

Consort Ban
Consort Ban (c. 48 BCE – c. 2 BCE), or Ban Jieyu (Chinese: 班婕妤; pinyin: Bān Jiéyú; Wade–Giles: Pan Chieh-yü), also known as Lady Ban (Pan), was an imperial consort, Chinese scholar and poet during the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE – 23 CE).  Jieyu (婕妤) was a title for a third-rank palace lady, one rank below Zhaoyi and two ranks below the Empress.
Gilbert Levine
Sir Gilbert Levine, GCSG (born January 22, 1948) is an American conductor. He is considered an "outstanding personality in the world of international music television." He has led the PBS concert debuts of the Staatskapelle Dresden, Royal Philharmonic, London Philharmonic, Philharmonia Orchestra, WDR Symphony Orchestra, and the Pittsburgh Symphony, and the PBS premieres of works including the Beethoven Missa Solemnis, Bach Magnificat in D, Haydn Creation, and Bruckner Symphony 9.

Orchestra of St. Luke's
The Orchestra of St. Luke's (OSL) is an American chamber orchestra based in New York City, formed in 1974.  The orchestra performs at several venues in New York City, including Carnegie Hall, Caramoor Center for Music and the Arts, Saint Thomas Church (Manhattan), Congregation Emanu-El of New York, and Merkin Concert Hall.

OSL owns and operates the DiMenna Center for Classical Music, and is administratively located at 450 West 37th Street in Manhattan's Hell's Kitchen neighborhood.  OSL is the orchestra for Paul Taylor Dance Company.
Anmoore, West Virginia
Anmoore is a town in Harrison County, West Virginia, United States.  It is located at the intersection of WV 58 and Interstate 79.  The population was 514 at the 2020 census.

The town derives its name from nearby Ann Moore Run.

Harrison County, West Virginia
Harrison County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,921, making it West Virginia's 7th most populous county. Its county seat is Clarksburg. Harrison County is part of the Clarksburg, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Newcastle Thunder
Newcastle Thunder is a professional rugby league club based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It was founded in 2000 as Gateshead Thunder, after the merger of the original Gateshead Thunder into Hull F.C. in 1999. The Thunder were based in Gateshead until 2014. In 2015, the club relocated and changed its name to Newcastle Thunder.

In 2024, the Newcastle Thunder made a return to Gateshead as their playing base. For 2025 they will play their home games at Crow Trees Ground in Swalwell, home of Blaydon RFC. The club currently competes in the Championship.

RFL League One
The Rugby Football League's League One (known as the Betfred League One) was the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It was also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged  in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The league was disbanded at the conclusion of 2025 due to the merger of the Championship and League One for the 2026 season.
Capital Bank (Ghana)
Capital Bank (previously First Capital Plus Bank) was an indigenous private national development and commercial Ghanaian bank. It was one of the private national development and commercial banks licensed by Bank of Ghana, the national banking regulator. On August 14, 2017, the Bank of Ghana announced it had revoked its license due to insolvency during Ghana's banking crisis. The bank was then taken over by GCB Bank. The founder of the bank, William Ato Essien and three others were subsequently charged with  misappropriating 100 million Ghana Cedis of the Bank's assets.

Ghana banking crisis
The Ghana banking crisis was a severe banking crisis that affected Ghana between August 2017 and January 2020. The Bank of Ghana (BoG) allowed several indigenous banks to be taken over by private companies between August 2017 and January 2019 after Nana Akufo-Addo was elected president in December 2016. Most of the indigenous banks had been at the risk of defaulting on their loans, as they had been affected by the economic fallout of the Great Recession, which caused the events leading up to the Arab Spring that occurred in North Africa beginning in 2010. The crisis is the most severe economic crisis to affect Ghana since it became an independent country in 1960. The COVID-19 pandemic arrived in Ghana towards the end of the banking crisis in 2020, dealing further damage to the country's economy.
Bhupalam
Bhupalam (pronounced bhūpalam) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a pentatonic scale (audava rāgam or owdava rāgam). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes). It is also written as Bhoopalam.

It is considered an auspicious scale and a morning rāgam. In Tamil music, this scale is called Puranirmai pann and some thevarams are set to this scale. It is also used for chanting slokas, folks songs, Kathakali music and other rituals. The equivalent scale in Hindustani music is Bhupal Todi.

Graha bhedam
Graha Bhedam in Carnatic music is the process (or result of the process) of shifting the Tonic note (śruti) to another note in the rāgam and arriving at a different rāgam. Its equivalent in Hindustani classical music is called a murchhana. Expressed in Western music theory terms, this is the process of arriving at a different scale by shifting to another mode in the key, i.e, modulation.

Graha literally means position and Bhedam means change. Since the position of the śruti is changed (pitch of the base note or drone), it is also sometimes called Swara Bhedam or Śruti Bhedam though Śruti Bhedam and Graha Bhedam have some technical differences.
Esteban Fernandino I
Esteban Fernandino (1908–1976) was an Argentine racecar driver. A native of Coronel Pringles, he was also known as Esteban Fernandino senior or Esteban Fernandino I, as his son Esteban "Chango" Fernandino also became a well-known driver. Among his greatest successes were his victories in the Mil Millas Argentinas race of 1940 and the Gran Premio del Sur of 1942. Both victories landed him on the coveted cover of El Grafico magazine.

Esteban Fernandino II
Esteban Fernandino II (1944–2007), better known as Chango, was an Argentine racecar driver. He was born in Coronel Pringles, the son of champion driver Esteban Fernandino I. He was nicknamed Chango to differentiate him from his father.

He made his racing debut in 1966, in a Fiat 1500. He remained active for more than 25 years and had notable success on the racetrack throughout the 1970s and the early 1980s. In the process, he became closely tied with the Ford brand, especially in the TC2000 competition.

He died in Bahia Blanca in 2007 after a long illness.
Mark Olssen
Mark Olssen, FRSA FAcSS, a political theorist, is emeritus Professor of Political Theory and Education Policy in the Department of Politics within the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Surrey.

Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences
The Fellowship of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) is an award granted by the Academy of Social Sciences to leading academics, policy-makers, and practitioners of the social sciences.

Fellows were previously known as Academicians and used the post-nominal letter "AcSS". This was changed in July 2014 to bring the academy in line with other British learned societies.
Academia Puerto Cabello
Academia Puerto Cabello is a Venezuelan professional football club based in the city of Puerto Cabello, Carabobo state and playing in the Venezuelan Primera División. It plays its home matches at the Complejo Deportivo Socialista, also known as La Bombonerita.

2018 Liga FUTVE
The 2018 Primera División season, officially Liga de Fútbol Profesional Venezolano or Liga FUTVE, was the 37th professional season of Venezuela's top-flight football league. Monagas were the defending champions, but did not qualify to the Serie Final, after being eliminated in the regular season of the Torneo Apertura and by Caracas in the quarter-finals of the Torneo Clausura.

Zamora were the champions, defeating Deportivo Lara on the Serie Final, 5–1 on aggregate.
University of Minnesota Solar Vehicle Project
The University of Minnesota Solar Vehicle Project, or UMNSVP, is a team of undergraduate students from the University of Minnesota that designs and constructs solar-powered cars. In its 31 years, it has established itself as one of the world's top solar racing teams, and the top Cruiser/Multi-Occupant Vehicle team in the Western Hemisphere, with top-two finishes in eighteen of thirty-four events entered.

Formula Sun Grand Prix
The Formula Sun Grand Prix (FSGP) is an annual solar-car race that takes place on closed-loop race tracks. In the race, teams from colleges and universities throughout North America design, build, test, and race solar-powered vehicles.

Every two years the race serves as a qualifier for the American Solar Challenge road race.
Hemesh Kharkwal
Hemesh Kharkwal is an Indian politician from Uttarakhand. He is a member of the Indian National Congress.

In 2012, he was elected from Champawat district's Champawat assembly constituency of Uttarakhand. He was also the MLA of Champawat from 2012 to 2017 and from 2002 to 2007. He unsuccessfully fought against then BJP MLA Kailash Gahtori in 2017 and 2022.

Kailash Chandra Gahtori
Kailash Chandra Gahtori (15 August 1968 – 3 May 2024) was an Indian businessman and politician who served in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from 2017 until his resignation in 2022, representing the Champawat constituency as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Princess Seonhwa of Silla
Princess Seonhwa (Korean: 선화공주; Hanja: 善花公主) was a Silla royal princess as the third daughter of King Jinpyeong and Lady Maya, younger sister to Princess Deokman and Princess Cheonmyeong, according to the Samguk yusa. She was also the queen consort of Baekje since 600 CE as the wife of King Mu.

However, her existence is controversial due to the discovery of evidence that points to King Uija's mother as being Queen Sataek and not Seonhwa as indicated by historical records. There is also a theory said that Seonhwa married to King Dongseong, not King Mu, which made various hypotheses about her status, such as the princess of Baekje, a noblewoman (귀족), even a daughter of a local noble (호족) instead of Silla's princess.

Jinpyeong of Silla
Jinpyeong (Korean: 진평; 567? – 632, reign 579 – 632) was the 26th king of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Jinpyeong followed in the footsteps of his predecessor, King Jinji, by reorganizing the central ruling system of Silla. Upon the onset of a multitude of conflicts between Baekje and Goguryeo, he sent emissaries to improve relations and strengthen ties between Silla and the Chinese dynasties Sui and Tang. He is also known for his promotion of Buddhism as a spiritual guide for the kingdom and encouraging Buddhist teachings. His 54 year long reign is the longest in Silla's history.
Culture of Cornwall
The culture of Cornwall forms part of the culture of the United Kingdom, but has distinct customs, traditions and peculiarities. Cornwall has many strong local traditions. After many years of decline, Cornish culture has undergone a strong revival, and many groups exist to promote Cornwall's culture and language today.

Institute of Cornish Studies
The Institute of Cornish Studies (Cornish: Fondyans Studhyansow Kernewek, ICS) is a research institute affiliated with the University of Exeter. Formerly located at Pool, near Redruth, then in Truro, it is now on the University's Penryn Campus near Penryn, Cornwall.
Mihir Desai
Mihir Desai is a human rights lawyer in cases of mass murders and riots, fake encounter and custodial deaths by the police, police brutality, freedom of speech and journalists, political activists and prisoners of conscience, excesses by the state, mass disappearances and deaths and genocide probes. A senior counsel, he has been practicing criminal matters in Bombay High Court, Mumbai and the Supreme Court of India.

Angana P. Chatterji
Angana P. Chatterji (born November 1966) is an Indian anthropologist, activist, and feminist historian, whose research is closely related to her advocacy work and focuses mainly on India. She co-founded the International People's Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice in Kashmir and was a co-convener from April 2008 to December 2012.

She is currently a research scholar at the Centre for Race and Gender at the University of California at Berkeley.
Camp Boiro
Camp Boiro or Camp Mamadou Boiro (1960–1984) is a defunct Guinean concentration camp in the city of Conakry.
During the regime of President Ahmed Sékou Touré, thousands of political opponents were imprisoned at the camp.
It has been estimated that almost 5,000 people were executed or died from torture or starvation at the camp. According to other estimates, the number of victims was ten times higher: 50,000.

Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo
Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo (August 15, 1920 – March 26, 2011) was a Guinean archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church, the son of a Gabonese father and a Guinean mother. He is notable for his eight-year imprisonment during the dictatorship of Sékou Touré.
Chenuala
Chenuala is a monotypic moth genus in the family Anthelidae described by Charles Swinhoe in 1892. Its only species, Chenuala heliaspis, the rose anthelid, was described by Edward Meyrick in 1891. It is endemic to Australia.

The wingspan is approximately 6 cm for males and 7 cm for females.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Eucalyptus, Acacia and Pinus species.

Anthelidae
Anthelidae is a family of Australian lappet moths in the order Lepidoptera. It had earlier been considered to be part of the Lasiocampoidea superfamily, but a 2008 molecular phylogenetic study, supported by a 2011 study, resulted in reincluding the Anthelidae in the superfamily Bombycoidea.
William d'Aubigny, 4th Earl of Arundel
William d'Aubigny, 4th Earl of Arundel, also known as William de Albini V (b. c. 1203 – before 7 August 1224) was the eldest son of William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel and Mabel of Chester, daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort of Évreux. He became Earl of Arundel and Earl of Sussex on 30 March 1221. He was buried at Wymondham Abbey, Norfolk. There is no evidence that he married or had children. He was the Chief Butler of England and was succeeded by his brother, Hugh.

Earl of Arundel
Earl of Arundel is a title of nobility in England, and one of the oldest extant in the English peerage. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and it is used (along with the earldom of Surrey) by his heir apparent as a courtesy title.
Loranzè
Loranzè is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Turin.

Loranzè borders the following municipalities: Fiorano Canavese, Salerano Canavese, Samone, Val di Chy, Colleretto Giacosa, and Parella.

Main sights include Loranzè Castle.

Samone, Piedmont
Samone is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Turin. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,513 and an area of 2.5 square kilometres (0.97 sq mi).

Samone borders the following municipalities: Fiorano Canavese, Banchette, Salerano Canavese, Loranzè, Pavone Canavese, and Colleretto Giacosa.

Main sights include Samone Castle, also known as Villa Garda.
Central Nicobarese languages
Central Nicobarese is a group of Nicobarese languages spoken by 10,000 people (as of the 2001 census) on the Nicobar Islands. The varieties spoken on the various islands apart from Trinket are not mutually intelligible, and are considered separate languages:

Nancowry (Nankwari)

Camorta (Kamorta)

Katchal (Tehnu)

Camorta language
Camorta (Kamorta) is a Nicobarese language spoken in the central Nicobar Islands. It is not mutually intelligible with the other Central Nicobarese languages.

It is considered by Ethnologue as a dialect of the Central Nicobarese language.