hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finite morphism
In algebraic geometry, a finite morphism between two affine varieties  is a dense regular map which induces isomorphic inclusion  between their coordinate rings, such that  is integral over . This definition can be extended to the quasi-projective varieties, such that a regular map  between quasiprojective varieties is finite if any point  has an affine neighbourhood V such that  is affine and  is a finite map (in view of the previous definition, because it is between affine varieties).

Integral element
In commutative algebra, an element b of a commutative ring B is said to be integral over a subring A of B if b is a root of some monic polynomial over A.

If A, B are fields, then the notions of "integral over" and of an "integral extension" are precisely "algebraic over" and "algebraic extensions" in field theory (since the root of any polynomial is the root of a monic polynomial).

The case of greatest interest in number theory is that of complex numbers integral over Z (e.g.,  or ); in this context, the integral elements are usually called algebraic integers.  The algebraic integers in a finite extension field k of the rationals Q form a subring of k, called the ring of integers of k, a central object of study in algebraic number theory.

In this article, the term ring will be understood to mean commutative ring with a multiplicative identity.
Alexander Fraser of Touchfraser and Cowie
Alexander Fraser of Touchfraser and Cowie (died 11 August 1332) was a member of the Scottish nobility who served as the Lord Chamberlain of Scotland and also as the Sheriff of Stirling and Sheriff of Kincardine. He was a descendant of the Clan Fraser members deriving from Oliver Castle. Alexander died at the Battle of Dupplin Moor.

Sheriff of Stirling
The Sheriff of Stirling was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order in Stirling, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar.

Following mergers of the Scottish sheriffdoms the office became the Sheriff of Stirling & Dumbarton in 1871  and the Sheriff of Stirling, Dumbarton & Clackmannan in 1881.

The sheriffdom was dissolved in 1975 when the current sheriffdoms of North Strathclyde and Tayside, Central and Fife were created.
Trafigura
Trafigura Group Pte. Ltd. is a Singaporean-based multinational commodities company, with major regional hubs in Geneva, Houston, Montevideo and Mumbai, founded in 1993. The company trades in base metals and energy. It is the world's largest private metal trader and second-largest oil trader having built or purchased stakes in pipelines, mines, smelters, ports and storage terminals.

Trafigura was formed by Claude Dauphin and Eric de Turckheim in 1993 but quickly split off from a group of companies managed by Marc Rich.

Trafigura has been named or involved in several scandals, particularly the 2006 Ivory Coast toxic waste dump (which left up to 100,000 people with skin rashes, headaches and respiratory problems) and the Iraq Oil-for-Food Scandal.

Marc Rich
Marc Rich (born Marcell David Reich; December 18, 1934 – June 26, 2013) was a Belgian-American commodities trader, financier, and businessman. He founded the commodities company Glencore, and was later indicted in the United States on federal charges of tax evasion, wire fraud, racketeering, and selling Iranian oil to Israel during the Iran hostage crisis. He fled to Switzerland at the time of the indictment and never returned to the United States.

He received a widely criticized presidential pardon from President Bill Clinton, on his last day in office. Rich had donated large sums to Israeli officials and organizations, which had pleaded extensively on his behalf. Rich's ex-wife Denise had also made donations to the Democratic Party.
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Hospital
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลพระนครศรีอยุธยา) is the main hospital of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, Thailand and is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It is an affiliated hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine.

Phramongkutklao College of Medicine
Phramongkutklao College of Medicine (Thai: วิทยาลัยแพทยศาสตร์พระมงกุฎเกล้า) is the first and only military medical school in Thailand. The college is the seventh medical school established in Thailand. Phramongkutklao College of Medicine is an affiliated college of Mahidol University. This school only accepts students whose parents must both be natural born citizens.
Alexander Lauterwasser
Alexander Lauterwasser (born 1951 in Überlingen) is a German researcher and photographer who based his work on work done by Ernst Chladni and  Hans Jenny in the field of Cymatics.

In 2002, Lauterwasser published his book Wasser Klang Bilder (Water Sound Images) with imagery of water surfaces set into motion by sound sources ranging from pure sine waves to music by Ludwig van Beethoven, Karlheinz Stockhausen and even overtone chanting.

In 2006, MACROmedia Publishing published the English version of the Lauterwasser book titled Water Sound Images. It is a 176-page hardcover edition with hundreds of color photos, presenting the art, science and mystical side of Cymatics.

In 2012, Lauterwasser's work was featured in the film Inner Worlds Outer Worlds.

Überlingen
Überlingen (German pronunciation: [ˈyːbɐˌlɪŋən] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Iberlinge) is a German city on the northern shore of Lake Constance (Bodensee) in Baden-Württemberg near the border with Switzerland. After the city of Friedrichshafen, it is the second-largest city in the Bodenseekreis (district), and a central point for the outlying communities. Since 1 January 1993, Überlingen has been categorized as a large district city (Große Kreisstadt).
Robert D. Hare
Robert D. Hare CM (born 1 January 1934) is a Canadian forensic psychologist, known for his research in the field of criminal psychology. He is a professor emeritus of the University of British Columbia where he specializes in psychopathology and psychophysiology.

Hare developed the Hare Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-Revised), used to assess cases of psychopathy. He advises the FBI's Child Abduction and Serial Murder Investigative Resources Center (CASMIRC) and consults for various British and North American prison services.

The Psychopath Test
The Psychopath Test: A Journey Through the Madness Industry  is a 2011 book written by British author Jon Ronson in which he explores the concept of psychopathy, along with the broader industry of mental health including mental health professionals and the mass media. It spent the whole of 2012 on United Kingdom bestseller lists and ten weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list.
Claudia Lars
Claudia Lars, born in Armenia, El Salvador on December 20, 1899 as Margarita del Carmen Brannon Vega, was a Salvadoran poet. She died in San Salvador in 1974. She was the daughter of Peter Patrick Brannon and Carmen Vega Zelayandía.

Salvadorans
Salvadorans (Spanish: Salvadoreños), also known as Salvadorians or Salvadoreans, are citizens of El Salvador, a country in Central America. Most Salvadorans live in El Salvador, although there is also a significant Salvadoran diaspora, particularly in the United States, with smaller communities in other countries around the world.

El Salvador's population was 6,218,000 in 2010, compared to 2,200,000 in 1950. In 2010, the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.
Frank Lumley Playford
Frank Lumley Playford (1855–1931) was a British rower who won the Wingfield Sculls five times  and the Diamond Challenge Sculls at Henley Royal Regatta in 1876.

Playford was born at Putney,  the son of Francis Playford and his wife Emily Augusta Blake. His father and uncle Herbert Playford were both eminent oarsmen. He became stockbroker in his father's business.

Playford rowed for London Rowing Club and won the Wingfield Sculls in 1875 beating the previous winner A C Dicker. In 1876, he won the Diamond Challengs Sculls at Henley as well as the London Cup at the Metropolitan Regatta.  He won Wingfield Sculls in 1877 beating Tom Edwards-Moss, in 1878 beating Alexander Payne and in 1879 beating Jefferson Lowndes. He did not defend his title in 1880.

Playford died at Epsom at the age of 75.

Playford married Kate Percy and was the father of Humphrey Playford.

Humphrey Playford
Humphrey Blake Playford (8 February 1896 – 1981) was an English rower distinguished by rowing in three successful races against Oxford University and rowing Head of the River for Jesus College, Cambridge in the same three years.
The Penny
The Penny is a book authored by Joyce Meyer and Deborah Bedford. It was the first time either of the best-selling authors had co-authored a book. Although the book is fictional, it is based on the early life experiences of the co-author, Joyce Meyer, who was abused by her parents when she was a child. The novel was published by Hodder & Stoughton.

Joyce Meyer
Pauline Joyce Meyer (née Hutchison; June 4, 1943) is an American Charismatic Christian author, speaker, and president of Joyce Meyer Ministries.  Joyce and her husband, Dave, have four grown children and live outside St. Louis, Missouri. Her ministry is headquartered near the St. Louis suburb of Fenton, Missouri.
Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (TV series)
Love Is a Many Splendored Thing is an American daytime soap opera that aired on CBS from September 18, 1967, to March 23, 1973. The series was created by Irna Phillips, who served as the first head writer. She was replaced by Jane Avery and Ira Avery in 1968, who were followed by Don Ettlinger, James Lipton and finally Ann Marcus. John Conboy served as producer for most of the show's run.

Beverlee McKinsey
Beverlee McKinsey (born Beverlee Magruder; August 9, 1935 – May 2, 2008) was an American actress. She is best known for her roles on daytime serials, including Iris Cory Carrington on Another World and the spin-off series Texas from 1972 to 1981 and Alexandra Spaulding on Guiding Light from 1984 to 1992.
Dilworthtown, Pennsylvania
Dilworthtown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Chester and Delaware counties, Pennsylvania, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is primarily in southeastern Chester County but extends south into western Delaware County. The Chester County part of the community is in Birmingham Township, while the Delaware County part is in Chadds Ford Township. U.S. Route 202 forms the eastern border of the CDP; the highway leads north 4 miles (6 km) to West Chester and south 11 miles (18 km) to Wilmington, Delaware.

The Dilworthtown Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, occupies the crossroads of Brintons Bridge Road, Oakland Road, Birmingham Road, and Old Wilmington Pike at the historic center of town.

Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Delaware County, colloquially referred to as Delco, is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With a population of 576,830 as of the 2020 census, it is the fifth-most populous county in Pennsylvania and the third-smallest in area. The county was created on September 26, 1789, from part of Chester County and named for the Delaware River. The county is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, or Delaware Valley, region of the commonwealth.

Delaware County borders Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-most populous city, to its northeast. It also is adjacent to the city-county of Philadelphia County and is included in the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area. Its county seat is Media, which is located near the center of the county.
Strange Alibi
Strange Alibi is a 1941 American film noir directed by D. Ross Lederman, written by Kenneth Gamet, Leslie T. White and Fred Niblo Jr., and starring Arthur Kennedy, Joan Perry, Jonathan Hale, John Ridgely, Florence Bates and Charles Trowbridge. It was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on April 19, 1941.

D. Ross Lederman
David Ross Lederman (December 12, 1894 – August 24, 1972) was an American film director noted for his Western, action, and adventure films of the 1930s and 1940s.

Starting out as an extra in Mack Sennett's Keystone Cops series, Lederman worked his way through the ranks of film production, and first made his mark as a second-unit director. He directed several B-Western serials in the early 1930s, such as Two-Fisted Law and Texas Cyclone both 1932, in which he worked with  Tim McCoy and a  young John Wayne. Becoming a full feature director in the late 1930s, Lederman specialized in action films and especially westerns, continuing to produce films with McCoy at Columbia Pictures.
Potterrow Student Centre
55°56′46″N 3°11′17″W﻿ / ﻿55.94611°N 3.18806°W﻿ / 55.94611; -3.18806

The Potterrow Mandela Centre or Potterrow Student Centre is operated by Edinburgh University Students' Association in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Edinburgh University Students' Association
Edinburgh University Students' Association (EUSA) is the students' union at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. The Association's aim is the advancement of education of Edinburgh students by representing and supporting them, and by promoting their interests, health and welfare within the community. It is led by a team of five elected student sabbatical officers.

Due to the evolution of student unionism at Edinburgh, student sports are not part of the main university union, and are overseen by a separate organisation, Edinburgh University Sports Union (EUSU), which has its own representative and organisational structure. EUSU works closely with the university's Centre for Sport and Exercise.

Ash Scholz is the current President and was elected in March 2025.
Gracie (film)
Gracie is a 2007 American sports drama film directed by Davis Guggenheim. It stars Carly Schroeder as Gracie Bowen, Dermot Mulroney as Bryan Bowen, Elisabeth Shue as Lindsay Bowen, Jesse Lee Soffer as Johnny Bowen, and Andrew Shue as Coach Owen Clark.

Gracie takes place in New Jersey in 1978, before 1972's Title IX had taken much effect in women's college sports and when organized women's soccer was still very rare in the United States. Gracie, the film's central protagonist, overcomes the loss of her brother by convincing her family and school to allow her to play varsity soccer on an all-boys team. The story is partially based on the childhood experiences of Elisabeth Shue, who was one of the producers in addition to being the wife of Davis Guggenheim, the director, as well as a cast member.

The novelization of Gracie, written by Suzanne Weyn, was released in June 2007.

Columbia High School (New Jersey)
Columbia High School is a four-year comprehensive regional public high school in Maplewood, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It serves students in ninth through twelfth grades, as the lone secondary school of the South Orange-Maplewood School District, which includes Maplewood and neighboring South Orange. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commissions on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1928; its accreditation expires in July 2026.

The school is known for its connection to the invention of ultimate frisbee in 1968.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,985 students and 139.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.2:1. There were 317 students (16.0% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 45 (2.3% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Dr. Hassell Brantley House
Dr. Hassell Brantley House is a historic home located at Spring Hope, Nash County, North Carolina.  It was built in 1912, and consists of a two-story, five-bay, central block with two-story gable roofed wings.  A has a one-story rear kitchen wing with a hip roof. The front facade features full-height, Classical Revival pedimented portico, with Ionic order columns and a wrap-around porch.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.  It is located in the Spring Hope Historic District.

Spring Hope, North Carolina
Spring Hope is a town in Nash County, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Rocky Mount, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Spring Hope had a population of 1,309.
Made in Sweden (TV program)
Made in Sweden is a Swedish television program produced by TV4 targeting music talents and helping them to create new musical projects. The program was broadcast for two seasons in 2009 and 2010 and was supervised by Swedish Idol series judges Anders Bagge, Andreas Carlsson and Laila Bagge. Made in Sweden was a company owned by the trio with the vision to find and coach talent on the difficult road to fame. Video clips were also distributed of music done for the show.

Play (Swedish group)
Play was a Swedish pop girl group. Faye Hamlin, Anna Sundstrand, Anaïs Lameche, and Rosie Munter formed Play's original lineup from the band's formation from 2000 until late 2003. After founding member Hamlin left the group, fifth member Janet Leon joined Play to fill Hamlin's position as lead singer. In 2005, the group officially announced an "indefinite break" and split up. At that time, Play had sold almost one million albums. Four years later, in 2009, the group reformed with a new lineup of three members consisting of Lameche, Hamlin, and the sixth and oldest member of Play, Sanne Karlsson. In February 2011, an official statement was made that Hamlin had once again left the group in 2010 and would be replaced by Emelie Norenberg. It was announced in May 2011 that the band had separated for the second time.
Glaslough
Glaslough (/ɡlæsˈlɒx/ glas-LOKH; Irish: Glasloch, meaning 'green lake') is a village and townland in the north of County Monaghan, Ireland, on the R185 regional road 3 km (2 mi) south of the border with Northern Ireland and 10 km (6 mi) northeast of Monaghan town. Glaslough won the Irish Tidy Towns Competition in 1978 and again in 2019.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
North Lebanon
North Lebanon (Arabic: شمال لبنان, romanized: Shamāl Lubnān) is the northern region of Lebanon comprising the North Governorate and Akkar Governorate. On 16 July 2003, the two entities were divided from the same province by former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. The division was known as Law 522.

The main cities and towns of the region are Halba, Tripoli, Miniyeh, Zgharta, Bcharreh, Amioun and Batroun. The districts of Akkar, Tripoli and Miniyeh-Danniyeh are known for their large Sunni Muslim population while the districts of Zgharta, Bcharreh, Koura and Batroun are known for their large Christian population.

Halba, Lebanon
Halba (Arabic: حلبا) is the capital of Akkar Governorate in northern Lebanon, close to the border with Syria. It is located at around 34°33′2″N 36°4′41″E﻿ / ﻿34.55056°N 36.07806°E﻿ / 34.55056; 36.07806. Its population is divided between Sunni Muslims, Greek Orthodox, Maronites, and followers of other religions.
Stalag Luft IV
Stalag Luft IV was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp in Gross Tychow, Pomerania (now Tychowo, Poland). It housed mostly American POWs, but also Britons, Canadians, Poles, Australians, New Zealanders, South Africans, Czechs, Frenchmen and a Norwegian.

Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)
The Province of Pomerania (German: Provinz Pommern; Polish: Prowincja Pomorze) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1945. Pomerania was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815, an expansion of the older Brandenburg-Prussia province of Pomerania, and then became part of the German Empire in 1871. From 1918, Pomerania was a province of the Free State of Prussia until it was dissolved following World War II by decree of the Allied Control Council with the de jure abolition of Prussia on 25 February 1947, and its territory divided between Poland and Allied-occupied Germany. The city of Stettin (present-day Szczecin, Poland) was the provincial capital.
Artistes 512 Fundraising Campaign
Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign (Chinese: 演藝界512關愛行動) was a major fundraising concert held in Hong Kong for the victims of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The concert was held on June 1, 2008, and began at 2:28pm, the time the earthquake had struck Sichuan on May 12. The show was 7 to 8-hours long, featuring more than 200 stars from Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China. The theme song was a rewritten version of 海闊天空 sung by Beyond (band).

Beyond (band)
Beyond was a Hong Kong rock band formed in 1983. The band became prominent in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, mainland China, and Overseas Chinese communities. The band is widely considered as the most successful and influential Cantopop band from Hong Kong. In 1993, band frontman and major composer Wong Ka Kui died at the age of 31, after an accident during the filming of a gameshow at Fuji Television in Tokyo. Beyond continued to perform, record, and release music after Wong Ka Kui's death. In 2005, the remaining members Paul Wong, Wong Ka Keung and Yip Sai Wing decided to pursue their own solo careers, and Beyond officially disbanded. They are one of the most-streamed Chinese groups on YouTube.
2013 Icelandic parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 27 April 2013. Fifteen parties contested the elections, compared to just seven in the previous elections. The result was a victory for the two centre-right opposition parties, the Independence Party and Progressive Party, which subsequently formed a coalition government. The parties were eurosceptic and their win brought to a halt partially completed negotiations with the European Union regarding Icelandic membership.

Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)
Bjarni Benediktsson (Icelandic: [ˈpja(r)tnɪ ˈpɛːnɛtɪxtsˌsɔːn]; born 26 January 1970), known colloquially as Bjarni Ben, is an Icelandic former politician who served as the prime minister of Iceland from January to November 2017 and again from April to December 2024. He was the leader of the Icelandic Independence Party from 2009 to 2025, and served as the Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs from 2013 to 2017, a post he later retained under Katrín Jakobsdóttir and held until his resignation in October 2023. After serving briefly as the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2023 to 2024, Bjarni became prime minister again on 9 April 2024.

During his career, Bjarni was sometimes called a "teflon" politician, due to managing to retain his position as one of Iceland's most powerful politicians despite his frequent involvement in political scandals.
1918 Coupe de France final
The 1918 Coupe de France final was a football match held at Légion Saint-Michel field, Paris on May 5, 1918, that saw Olympique de Pantin defeat FC Lyon 3–0 thanks to goals by Émile Fiévet (2) and Louis Darques.

Louis Darques
Louis Théodule Darques (8 June 1896 – 18 February 1984) was a French footballer who played as a midfielder for Olympique de Pantin and the France national team between 1917 and 1924. He was the captain of the Pantin team for several years, leading them to three finals of the Coupe de France between 1918 and 1921, and netting a goal in two of them, including in the tournament's first-ever final in 1918, thus becoming the first captain to lift a Coupe de France trophy.