hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exeter Theatre Royal fire
On 5 September 1887, a fire broke out in the backstage area of the Theatre Royal in Exeter, England, during the production of The Romany Rye. The fire caused panic throughout the theatre, with 186 people dying from a combination of the direct effects of smoke and flame, crushing and trampling, and trauma injuries from falling or jumping from the roof and balconies.

The death toll makes it the worst theatre disaster, the worst single-building fire, and the third worst fire-related disaster in UK history.

Most of the dead were in the gallery of the theatre, which had only a single exit with several design flaws, and quickly became clogged with people trying to escape.

Metropolis Management and Building Acts Amendment Act 1878
The Metropolis Management and Building Acts Amendment Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 32) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which modified the Metropolis Management Act 1855 and the Metropolitan Building Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 122). The act was used to improve the regulation of standards in buildings, and introduced measures to protect the safety of theatres and music halls.
Gulf Railroad
The Gulf Railroad was incorporated under the laws of Oklahoma Territory on June 2, 1896.  In 1897 it built 10.1 miles of track from Wakita, Oklahoma to Medford, Oklahoma.  In the 1897-1898 timeframe, it built 26.6 miles of track from Medford to Blackwell, Oklahoma.  The President of the railroad, W.A. Bradford, Jr., purchased 160 acres of land and established the town of Deer Creek, Oklahoma along that section of the line on March 14, 1898.

The railroad was sold to the Hutchinson and Southern Railway Company, with the property conveyed by two deeds dated March 22, 1898 and November 13, 1899.  That company in turn was sold to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 20, 1899.  The trackage has since been abandoned.

Hutchinson and Southern Railway
The Hutchinson and Southern Railway was incorporated under the general laws of the State of Kansas on December 21, 1897.  On January 21, 1898 it acquired at foreclosure the assets of the Hutchinson and Southern Railroad Company, which had built 90.7 miles of trackage from Hutchinson, Kansas south through Kingman, Kansas and Anthony, Kansas to terminate at Wakita, Oklahoma.  In the 1898-1899 timeframe, it also acquired all the assets of the Gulf Railroad Company, which had built 36.7 miles of track from Wakita to Blackwell, Oklahoma.

In 1899 the railway built 14.5 miles of track from Blackwell to Ponca City, Oklahoma.  The entire line was sold to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 20, 1899.  The line has since been abandoned.
El Colegio Nacional (Mexico)
The National College (Spanish: Colegio Nacional) is a Mexican honorary academy with a strictly limited membership created by presidential decree in 1943 in order to bring together the country's foremost artists and scientists, who are periodically invited to deliver lectures and seminars in their respective area of speciality. Membership is generally a lifelong commitment, although it could be forfeited under certain conditions. It should not be confused with El Colegio de México, a public institution of higher education and research.

Pablo Rudomín Zevnovaty
Pablo Rudomín Zevnovaty (born June 5, 1934) is a Russian-Mexican biologist, physiologist and neuroscientist. He is regarded as one of the most prestigious neurophysiologists in the international community. His studies have been fundamentally directed to the analysis of mechanisms of the central control of the information transmitted by the sensory fibers in the spinal cord, and of how these are modified during central and peripheral injuries, as well as during processes of acute inflammation.
Edaganasalai
Edanganasalai (also spelled Edaganasalai) is a municipality in Sankari taluk of Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It was upgraded from a town panchayat to a municipality in 2021 as part of statewide urban local body reforms.

Salem district
Salem district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The district is now divided into Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Namakkal as individual districts. Salem is the district headquarters and other major towns in the district include Mettur, Tharamangalam, Thammampatti, Attur, Omalur, Sangagiri and Edappadi. That Salem dates to at least two thousand years ago is evident from the discovery of silver coins from the Roman Emperor Nero (37–68 CE) found by Koneripatti of Salem in 1987. It was ruled by Mazhavar King Kolli Mazhavan and kings Adhiyaman and Valvil Ori of Sangam age. It is part of Mazhanadu, a vast region that dates to the second century BCE. Salem was the largest district of Tamil Nadu. It was bifurcated into Salem and Dharmapuri districts in 1965 and Namakkal district in 1997. Now Salem has been developed a lot by building many bridges and is considered to be the Smart city. Salem is famous for cultivating mangoes.
Contour advection
Contour advection is a Lagrangian method 
of simulating the evolution of one or more contours or isolines of
a tracer as it is stirred by a moving fluid.
Consider a blob of dye injected into a river or stream: to first order it could be modelled by tracking only the motion of its outlines. 
It is an excellent method for studying chaotic mixing:
even when advected by smooth or finitely-resolved velocity fields, 
through a continuous process of stretching and folding,
these contours often develop into intricate fractals. 
The tracer is typically passive as in 
but may also be active as in, representing a dynamical property of the fluid such as vorticity.
At present, advection of contours is limited to two dimensions,
but generalizations to three dimensions are possible.

Chaotic mixing
In chaos theory and fluid dynamics, chaotic mixing is a process
by which flow tracers develop into complex fractals under the action
of a fluid flow.
The flow is characterized by an exponential growth of fluid filaments.
Even very simple flows, such as the blinking vortex,
or finitely resolved wind fields can generate exceptionally complex
patterns from initially simple tracer fields.

The phenomenon is still not well understood and is the subject
of much current research.
Japanese language education in the United States
Japanese language education in the United States began in the late 19th century, aimed mainly at Japanese American children and conducted by parents and community institutions. Over the course of the next century, it would slowly expand to include non-Japanese as well as native speakers (mainly children of Japanese expatriates being educated in international schools). A 2012 survey of foreign-language learners by the Japan Foundation found 4,270 teachers teaching the Japanese language to 155,939 students at 1,449 different institutions, an increase of 10.4% in the number of students since the 2009 survey. The quality and focus of dialogues in Japanese textbooks meant for English-speakers has changed since the 1970s. As of 2024, according to the Japan Foundation, 134,096 people were learning Japanese in United States.

Hoshū jugyō kō
Hoshū jugyō kō (補習授業校), or hoshūkō (補習校), are supplementary Japanese schools located in foreign countries for students living abroad with their families. Hoshū jugyō kō educate Japanese-born children who attend local day schools. They generally operate on weekends, after school, and other times not during the hours of operation of the day schools.

The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (Monbusho), as of 1985, encouraged the opening of hoshū jugyō kō in developed countries. It also encouraged the development of full-time day schools for Japanese students (nihonjin gakkō) in developing countries. In 1971, there were 22 supplementary Japanese schools worldwide.

By May 1986, Japan operated 112 supplementary schools worldwide, having a total of 1,144 teachers, most of them Japanese nationals, and 15,086 students. The number of supplementary schools increased to 120 by 1987. As of April 15, 2010, there are 201 Japanese supplementary schools in 56 countries.
Chachersk
Chachersk or Chechersk is a town in Gomel Region, in eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Chachersk District. As of 2025, it has a population of 8,926.

It is located in an area which was highly contaminated due to the fallout of the Chernobyl disaster.

Chachersk district
Chachersk district or Čačersk district (Belarusian: Чачэрскі раён, romanized: Čačerski rajon; Russian: Чечерский район) is a district (raion) of Gomel region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Chachersk. As of 2024, it has a population of 14,288.
MultiMode manual transmission
A MultiMode manual transmission (MMT or M/M) is a type of automated manual transmission offered by Toyota. It uses a traditional manual gearbox with a computer-controlled clutch actuated by permanent magnet motors. Multimode Manual Transmission is available in the Aygo, Yaris, Corolla, Corolla Verso, Mark X and Auris in Europe, and should not be confused with Multimode Automatic Transmission, which is offered in the North American market by Toyota.

Honda I-SHIFT
The Honda I-SHIFT is a 6-speed automated manual transmission (a type of transmission with a hydraulic computer-controlled clutch). Honda's I-SHIFT only debuted recently on the European market Honda Civic hatchback, pairing it with the 1.4 i-VTEC and 1.8 i-VTEC engines. Honda Jazz United Kingdom, January 2010 - January 2011, 1.4 i-VTEC, replaced by updated CVT transmission from February 2011.
Bournville RFC
Bournville Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union team based in Birmingham. The club has recently moved to new facilities at Avery Fields, 79 Sandon Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B17 8DT. The club operates three senior men's teams, two women's side, a veterans' team and a full range of junior teams. The first XV currently play in Regional 1 Midlands - a league at tier 5 of the English rugby union system - following their relegation from the 2024–25 National League 2 West. The women's team just last year, have been promoted to NC1 (captained by Ashleigh Aiston), and are now the biggest women's rugby team in Birmingham, with a second senior women's team.

Regional 2 West Midlands
Regional 2 Midlands West  is an English level 6 rugby union league for rugby clubs in the western region of the Midlands. It includes sides from Birmingham, Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, the West Midlands, Worcestershire and occasionally Cheshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Oxfordshire. When this division began in 1987 it was known as Midlands 2 West, and has been restructured several times, most notably as a single division known as Midlands 2 between 1992 and 2000. It has been called Regional 2 Midlands West since 2022–23. The 2024–25 champions are Newent.
Le Thi Thu Thuy
Lê Thị Thu Thủy (born 1974), better known as Madame Thuy, is a Vietnamese businesswoman. She was a chief executive of the automotive company VinFast, she is currently vice-chairwoman of the conglomerate Vingroup, Chairwoman of VinFast.

VinFast
VinFast Auto Ltd. is a Vietnamese multinational automotive company founded by Vingroup, one of the largest private conglomerates in Vietnam that was founded by Phạm Nhật Vượng.

Established in 2017 in Haiphong, it is the first Vietnamese car brand to expand into global markets as well as the first to expand into producing electric vehicles (EV) such as electric cars and electric scooters.
Toyota Type A engine
The Type A engine was a straight-six engine produced from 1935 through 1947 by Toyota and is a copy of the 1933 Chevrolet Stovebolt 207 engine.

The Type B was a technically more advanced version of the Type A. There was an enlarged version of this, called the Type D, but it did not enter production.

The Type C was a straight-four engine derived from the Type A.

Many parts were interchangeable between the Type A, Type B and Type C engines (e.g. pistons, valves, rods).  Many of the same parts were also interchangeable with the 1930s Chevrolet First generation Stovebolt engines, from which it was derived.

The Type E was a copy of a DKW engine.

The Type S was a straight-four engine that replaced the Type A, B and C in Toyota's passenger cars.

Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.
Emperor Go-Kashiwabara
Emperor Go-Kashiwabara (後柏原天皇, Go-Kashiwabara-tennō; November 19, 1462 – May 18, 1526) was the 104th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from November 16, 1500, to May 19, 1526.  His personal name was Katsuhito (勝仁).  His reign marked the nadir of Imperial authority during the Ashikaga shogunate.

Ashikaga Yoshitane
Ashikaga Yoshitane (足利 義稙; September 9, 1466 – May 23, 1523), also known as Ashikaga Yoshiki (足利 義材), was the 10th shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate who headed the shogunate first from 1490 to 1493 and then again from 1508 to 1521 during the Muromachi period of Japan.

Yoshitane was the son of Ashikaga Yoshimi and grandson of the sixth shōgun Ashikaga Yoshinori. In his early life, he was named Yoshiki (sometimes translated as Yoshimura), and then Yoshitada — including the period of when he is first installed as shōgun; however, he changed his name to Yoshitane in 1501 in a period when he was temporarily exiled, and it is by this name that he is generally known today.

The 9th shōgun Ashikaga Yoshihisa died in 1489 on a battlefield of southern Ōmi Province. Yoshihisa left no heir; and Yoshitane became Sei-i Taishōgun a year later.
El Elegido
El Elegido (born November 23, 1975) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler. Elegido is best known for his appearances with the Mexican professional wrestling promotion AAA, where he has worked primarily as a tecnico (a face, or those that portray the "good guys") and for a while as a member of the rudo (Heel, those that portray the "bad guys") stable Los Mirreyes alongside Alan Stone and Toscano. He has also worked for International Wrestling Revolution Group and smaller independent groups.

In 2007, Elegido was among several luchadors that represented AAA in an inter-promotional show with Pro Wrestling Noah at the Differ Ariake Arena.

He is known for his entrances consisting of him somersaulting from all four ring corners after raising both arms in the air at each corner. His gear consists of a black mask with a Celtic cross on the forehead of the mask, and black trunks. His ring name is Spanish for "The Chosen One"

Alan Stone (wrestler)
Alan Stone (born May 23, 1977) is a Mexican professional wrestler who has competed in Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre since the late 1990s. The son of luchador El Bello Greco, he is a second-generation wrestler along with his brothers Super Calo and Chris Stone with whom he teams with as Los Bellos Stones.
Humayma
Humayma (Arabic: الحميمة, romanized: al-Humayma) also spelled Humeima and Humaima, is the modern name of ancient Hawara. Hawara was a trading post in southern Jordan that was founded by the Nabataean king Aretas III in the early first century BC. It is located 45 km to the south of the Nabataean capital Petra and 55 km to the north of the Red Sea port town of Aqaba.

Desert castles
The desert castles or qasrs are often called Umayyad desert castles, since the vast majority of these fortified palaces or castles were built by the Umayyad dynasty in their province of Bilad ash-Sham, with a few Abbasid exceptions. The desert castles of Jordan represent a prominent part of this group of buildings, with most Umayyad "desert castles" being scattered over the semi-arid regions of north-eastern Jordan, with several more in Syria, Israel and the West Bank (Palestine), just one in Lebanon, and just one Abbasid exception in Iraq.
2022 MPBL finals
The 2022 MPBL finals was the championship series of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League's (MPBL) 2022 season and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. In the best-of-five playoff, the North Division champion Nueva Ecija Rice Vanguards defeated the South Division champion Zamboanga Family's Brand Sardines, as they won the league's fourth championship. Byron Villarias named as the season's Finals MVP.

First-seeded Nueva Ecija (21–0) held homecourt advantage for the series, having a better record than Zamboanga (18–3). This marks the first finals appearance for both teams.

This was the first finals series in which neither team is based in Metro Manila.

Nueva Ecija Rice Vanguards
The Nueva Ecija Rice Vanguards (shortened as NERV) are a Filipino professional basketball team based in Palayan, Nueva Ecija. The team competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) as a member of the league's North Division. The team plays its home games at Nueva Ecija Coliseum.

The team began play as an expansion team for the 2019–20 MPBL season, though they would only begin using the Rice Vanguards moniker later on. The team also plays in the Pilipinas Super League under the name Nueva Ecija Capitals. The team also competed in FilBasket as well as in the Chooks-to-Go Pilipinas 3x3.

The Nueva Ecija franchise is the holder of the only regular season sweep in the MPBL, recording 21 wins with no losses during the 2022 MPBL season, where they would go on to win their first MPBL championship. The Rice Vanguards are one of four teams based in Central Luzon.
Betting and Gaming Act 1960
The Betting and Gaming Act 1960 (8 & 9 Eliz. 2. c. 60) was a British act of Parliament that legalised additional forms of gambling in the United Kingdom. It was passed on 1 September 1960 and came into effect on 1 January 1961.

Gambling in the United Kingdom
Gambling in the United Kingdom is regulated by the Gambling Commission on behalf of the government's Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) under the Gambling Act 2005. This Act of Parliament significantly updated the UK's gambling laws, including the introduction of a new structure of protections for children and vulnerable adults, as well as bringing the burgeoning Internet gaming sector within British islands for the first time.

Gambling for centuries has been a main recreational activity in Great Britain. Horse racing has been a favourite theme for over three centuries. It has been heavily regulated. Historically much of the opposition comes from evangelical Protestants, and from social reformers.

On 8 December 2020, Nigel Huddleston MP announced a call for evidence to begin the Gambling Act Review.
Amagiri Castle
Amagiri Castle (天霧城, Amagiri-jō) was a Muromachi period Japanese castle located on the border of what is now the cities of Zentsūji and Mitoyo and the town of Tadotsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.  Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1990.

Zentsūji, Kagawa
Zentsūji (善通寺市, Zentsūji-shi) is a city located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2022, the city had an estimated population of 30,780 in 13096 households and a population density of 770 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 39.93 square kilometres (15.42 sq mi).
Bandar Enstek
Bandar Enstek is a township in Labu, Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, situated next to the state border with Selangor. Developed by TH Properties of Tabung Haji, the township was established in 1999, spanning 5,119 acres (2,072 ha). It is within the Malaysia Vision Valley corridor.

Malaysia Vision Valley
The Malaysia Vision Valley  (MVV; Malay: Lembah Wawasan Malaysia) is a development corridor that encompasses the districts of Seremban and Port Dickson in the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The corridor was initially established on 21 May 2015, and it forms the southern continuation of the Greater Kuala Lumpur area.
The Chronicles of Oklahoma
The Chronicles of Oklahoma is the scholarly journal published by the Oklahoma Historical Society.  It is a quarterly publication and was first published in 1921.

The Chronicles of Oklahoma includes scholarly articles, book reviews, notes and documents, and the minutes of the quarterly meetings of the OHS Board of Directors.

All members of the Oklahoma Historical Society receive a subscription to The Chronicles of Oklahoma.

The Society's Gateway to Oklahoma History website includes digital versions of journal articles since 1921.

Oklahoma Historical Society
The Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS) is an agency of the government of Oklahoma dedicated to promotion and preservation of Oklahoma's history and its people by collecting, interpreting, and disseminating knowledge and artifacts of Oklahoma. The mission of the OHS is to collect, preserve, and share the history and culture of the state of Oklahoma and its people.

The society has the rare distinction of being both a Smithsonian Institution and National Archives and Records Administration affiliate.
The Pavilion (Vermont)
The Pavilion is the principal workplace of the governor of Vermont, located at 109 State Street in Montpelier, capital of the U.S. state of Vermont. The building is built in the French Second Empire style, and houses the working offices, reception room, press briefing room, and living apartments of Vermont's governor. The term "The Fifth Floor" is sometimes used as a metonym for a governor's administration, or the Vermont governorship, which refers to the location of the governor's offices on the fifth floor of the Pavilion. The offices of two other elected statewide officials, the attorney general and the state treasurer, are housed in the Pavilion along with the Agency of Administration and the Vermont Historical Society and its museum.

Governor of Vermont
The governor of Vermont is the head of government of the U.S. state of Vermont. The officeholder is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years. Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years, instead of every four as in the other 48 U.S. states.

There is no limit on the number of terms a Vermont governor can serve. If no candidate receives at least 50% plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election, the governor of Vermont is then elected by the state legislature. The incumbent Vermont governor is Republican Phil Scott. He was sworn in on January 5, 2017, becoming Vermont's 82nd governor.

Despite having a Republican governor, Vermont has the most Democratic Cook Partisan Voting Index of any of the 50 U.S. states, at D+17.
Bavarian Forest Railway
The Bavarian Forest Railway (Bayerische Waldbahn often just called the Waldbahn) (KBS 905) links the heart of the Bavarian Forest around Regen and Zwiesel to Plattling and the Danube valley on one side, and the Czech Republic through Bayerisch Eisenstein on the other. In the Danube valley it forms a junction with the Nuremberg–Regensburg–Passau long-distance railway (KBS 880) and, to the south, regional lines to Landshut and Munich (KBS 931).

Zwiesel
Zwiesel (German pronunciation: [ˈtsviːzl̩] ⓘ) is a town in the lower-Bavarian district of Regen, Germany, and since 1972 is a Luftkurort with particularly good air. The name of the town was derived from the Bavarian word stem zwisl which refers to the form of a fork. The fork of the rivers Großer Regen and Kleiner Regen and the land that lies between these two rivers were called Zwiesel.