hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First battle of Tembien
The first battle of Tembien was fought on the northern front of what was known as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.  This battle consisted of attacks and counterattacks by Italian forces under Marshal Pietro Badoglio and Ethiopian forces under Ras Kassa Haile Darge.  This battle was primarily fought around Worsege Pass (Italian: Passo Uarieu) in what was then the Tembien Province of Ethiopia.

Pietro Badoglio
Pietro Badoglio, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba, 1st Marquess of Sabotino (US: /bəˈdoʊljoʊ/ bə-DOH-lyoh, Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro baˈdɔʎʎo]; 28 September 1871 – 1 November 1956), was an Italian general during both world wars and the first viceroy of Italian East Africa. With the fall of the Fascist regime, he became Prime Minister of Italy.
Amaravathi (2009 film)
Amaravathi is a 2009 Indian Telugu-language thriller film written and directed by Ravi Babu. The film stars Taraka Ratna, Ravi Babu, Bhumika, Sneha, and Sindhura Gadde in pivotal roles. The film was released on 3 December 2009. It is based on the 2002 South Korean film H. The film won two Nandi Awards: Best Villain (Taraka Ratna) and Best Cinematographer (Sudhakar Reddy)

H (2002 film)
H is a 2002 South Korean horror-thriller film. It was written and directed by Lee Jong-hyeok, and stars Yum Jung-ah, Ji Jin-hee, and Cho Seung-woo.

A serial killer who preyed on pregnant women has been behind bars for 10 months, when a copycat killer becomes active. Detectives meet with the imprisoned killer and search for clues in an effort to head off the copy cat killer before he kills more.
Christchurch Northern Motorway
The Christchurch Northern Motorway is the main northern route into and out of Christchurch, New Zealand. The motorway forms part of State Highway 1 (SH 1) and State Highway 74 (SH 74).

The motorway, which heads in a northerly direction, is approximately 16.5 km in length. It links the suburb of St Albans with Pineacres, south of Woodend, bypassing the outer suburban areas of Northcote, Redwood, Belfast, and Kaiapoi. At its southern end, it connects with QEII drive where SH 74 continues east as an expressway, and links south to Cranford Street from where vehicles can access the City Centre.

is four-lane divided except for the two-lane undivided section between the Lineside Road/Smith Street interchange and the northern terminus. The motorway forms part of SH 1. The southern end of the motorway is being extended to QEII Drive in the Christchurch suburb of Mairehau; this extension forms part of SH 74.

State Highway 1 (New Zealand)
State Highway 1 (SH 1) is the longest and most significant road in the New Zealand road network, running the length of both main islands. It appears on road maps as SH 1 and on road signs as a white number 1 on a red shield, but it has the  official designations SH 1N in the North Island and SH 1S in the South Island.

SH 1 is 2,006 kilometres (1,246 mi) long, 1,074 km (667 mi) in the North Island and 932 km (579 mi) in the South Island. Since 2010 new roads have reduced the length from 2,033 km (1,263 mi). For the majority of its length it is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses, in both rural and urban areas. These sections have some passing lanes. Around 315 km (196 mi) of SH 1 is of motorway or expressway standard as of August 2022: 281 km (175 mi) in the North Island and 34 km (21 mi) in the South Island.
Office of Scientific Intelligence
Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI) also known as Scientific Intelligence Division was a department of the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1963, it was incorporated into the Directorate of Science & Technology.

Directorate of Science and Technology
The Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T) is the branch of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) tasked with collecting and analyzing information through technological means and developing technical systems to advance the CIA's intelligence gathering.
Nihon Minka-en
35°36′36″N 139°33′43″E﻿ / ﻿35.609923°N 139.562038°E﻿ / 35.609923; 139.562038

Nihon Minka-en (日本民家園) is a park in the Ikuta Ryokuchi Park (生田緑地) of Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. On display in the park is a collection of 20 traditional minka (民家) (farm houses) from various areas of Japan, especially thatched-roofed houses from eastern Japan. Of these, nine have received the designation of Important Cultural Assets from the national government. The houses are varied in design, and include examples from regions of heavy snow, lodgings for travellers, and a theatrical stage. Visitors can see regional variety and differences in construction.

The park is operated by the city of Kawasaki. Admission is free to visitors who are not older than junior-high-school age. The entrance is a fifteen-minute walk from Mukogaoka-Yuen Station on the Odakyu Odawara Line.

Minka
Minka (Japanese: 民家; lit. "folk houses") are vernacular houses constructed in any one of several traditional Japanese building styles.
In the context of the four divisions of society, Minka were the dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchants (i.e., the three non-samurai castes). This connotation no longer exists in the modern Japanese language, and any traditional Japanese-style residence of appropriate age could be referred to as Minka.

Minka are characterized by their basic structure, their roof structure, and their roof shape. Minka developed through history with distinctive styles emerging in the Edo period.
Aime Mäemets
Aime Mäemets  (1930 – 1996) was an Estonian botanist and hydrobiologist. She conducted considerable research into Lake Peipus and was known for her study of Macrophytes. She finished University of Tartu in 1954. From 1961 to 1996 she worked in Estonian Institute of Zoology and Botany and was a well-known specialist of Potamogetonaceae plants.

Mäemets was married to hydrobotanist Aare Mäemets. Their daughter was biologist Helle Mäemets.

Aare Mäemets
Aare Mäemets (until 1936 Harry Michelson; 18 January 1929 Tallinn – 24 November 2002 Elva) was an Estonian hydrobiologist, zoologist, limnologist and nature photographer.

In 1954 he graduated from Tartu State University in biology. From 1955 until 1999, he worked at Estonian Institute of Zoology and Botany.

His main fields of research were Estonian lakes (including their limnological classification), estimation of lakes ecological conditions; he researched also water fleas.

Mäemets was married to hydrobotanist Aime Mäemets. Their daughter was biologist Helle Mäemets.
Nothofagus × leoni
Nothofagus × leoni is a hybrid tree in the family Nothofagaceae. It is a naturally occurring interspecific hybrid of Nothofagus glauca and Nothofagus obliqua which is endemic to central Chile. It is a characteristic tree of the Maulino forest, a plant community of the Chilean Coast Range.

Nothofagus obliqua
Nothofagus obliqua, commonly known as Patagonian oak, roble, pellín, roble pellín, and hualle in its early state of growth or roble beech, is a deciduous tree from Chile and Argentina. It grows from 33 to 43° south latitude. The northern extent of this tree's range in Chile is considered to be the Vizcachas Mountains and La Campana National Park. N. obliqua was proposed to be renamed Lophozonia obliqua in 2013.
Effective diffusion coefficient
The effective diffusion coefficient of a diffusant (atoms of a material which are diffusing in another material) in atomic diffusion of solid polycrystalline materials like metal alloys is often represented as a weighted average of the grain boundary diffusion coefficient and the lattice diffusion coefficient. Diffusion along both the grain boundary and in the lattice may be modeled with an Arrhenius equation. The ratio of the grain boundary diffusion activation energy over the lattice diffusion activation energy is usually 0.4–0.6, so as temperature is lowered, the grain boundary diffusion component increases. Increasing temperature often allows for increased grain size, and the lattice diffusion component increases with increasing temperature, so often at 0.8 Tmelt (of an alloy), the grain boundary component can be neglected.

Atomic diffusion
In chemical physics, atomic diffusion is a diffusion process whereby the random, thermally-activated movement of atoms in a solid results in the net transport of atoms. For example, helium atoms inside a balloon can diffuse through the wall of the balloon and escape, resulting in the balloon slowly deflating. Other air molecules (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen) have lower mobilities and thus diffuse more slowly through the balloon wall. There is a concentration gradient in the balloon wall, because the balloon was initially filled with helium, and thus there is plenty of helium on the inside, but there is relatively little helium on the outside (helium is not a major component of air). The rate of transport is governed by the diffusivity and the concentration gradient.
Enrique Muñoz Arístegui
Enrique Muñoz Arístegui (1856–1936) was a Mexican industrialist and politician. He lived in Mérida, Yucatán. He was three times the governor of Yucatán, in 1906, in 1907 to 1909 and then from 1910 to 1911.

Governor of Yucatán
The governor of the State of Yucatan is the head of the executive branch of the Mexican state of Yucatán, elected to a six-year-term and not eligible for reelection.
The figure of the governor is established on the Constitution of the State of Yucatan on its Title Fifth. The term of the Governor begins on October 1 of the year of the election and finishes September 30, six years later.

The same constitution empowers those individuals to be elected governor who have held the title of executive power but in a different way to the popular election, namely the interim, or temporary replacements. The latter has caused controversies and political conflicts, because in the view of several instances is in conflict with a precept of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States that stipulates that no state governor may hold power for more than six years.
Malay Heritage Museum
The Malay Heritage Museum  (Malay: Muzium  Warisan Melayu; Jawi: موزيوم واريثن ملايو‎) is a museum located within Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), it hosts a diverse array of exhibits, encompassing manuscripts, traditional attire, weaponry and architectural remnants from various Malay regions.

The institution is aligned with significant organizations such as the International Council of Museums (ICOM) and the Asia-Europe Museum Network, ensuring compliance with international museological standards. Its core objective is to preserve and promote Malay heritage.

University of Putra Malaysia
University of Putra Malaysia (Malay: Universiti Putra Malaysia), abbreviated as UPM, is a Malaysian public research university located in Serdang, Selangor. Formerly it was named Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (Agricultural University of Malaysia), focusing on agricultural sciences and related fields. Since the 1990s, the fields of study have expanded to include human ecology, languages, architecture, medicine, computer science and biotechnology. Currently there are 15 faculties, 11 institutes and 2 schools covering these as well as agriculture, forestry, veterinary medicine, economics, engineering, sciences, and education.

UPM has been recognised as a research university since 2006, one of five present in Malaysia. In 2010, self-accreditation status was awarded by Malaysian Qualifications Agency to simplify the procedure of accrediting academic programs, strengthening its own Internal Quality Assurance (IQA) system to compete among local universities.
Southcourt
Southcourt is a housing estate in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England.  Building commenced in the early 1920s through to the mid-1930s and only stopped because of the Second World War.  It was turned into a post war housing estate during the years of 1946 and 1955.  The area is named after the pig farm over which the housing estate was built.

Aylesbury
Aylesbury (/ˈeɪlzbəri/ AYLZ-bər-ee or /ˈɛlzbri/ ELLZ-bree) is the county town of Buckinghamshire, England. It is home to the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery and the Waterside Theatre.  There is also one of the largest independent Arts Centre in the UK, the Queens Park Arts Centre which recently received the King's Award for Voluntary Service. It is located in central Buckinghamshire, midway between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes.

In 2011 its urban area had a population of 94,238 The housing target for the town is set to grow with 16,000 homes set to be built by 2033.
Adams County, Colorado
Adams County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 519,572. The county seat is Brighton, and the largest city is Thornton. The county is named for Alva Adams, an early Governor of the State of Colorado in 1887–1889. Adams County is part of the Denver metropolitan area.

Interstate 25 in Colorado
In the US state of Colorado, Interstate 25 (I-25) follows the north–south corridor through Colorado Springs and Denver. The highway enters the state from the north near Carr and exits the state near Starkville. The highway also runs through the cities of Fort Collins, Broomfield, Loveland, and Pueblo. The route is concurrent with U.S. Route 87 (US 87), which is unsigned, through the entire length of the state. I-25 replaced US 87 and most of US 85 for through traffic.

Historical nicknames for this route have included the Valley Highway (through Denver), Monument Valley Highway (through Colorado Springs), and the Pueblo Freeway (through Pueblo). Within El Paso County, the route has been dedicated as the Ronald Reagan Highway. In Pueblo County, the route is called John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway.

I-25 is also considered to be part of the unofficial Pan-American Highway.
John Manners Tollemache
John Manners Tollemache (c. 1768 – 13 February 1837), born John Manners, was a British gentleman and politician. He was the second son of John Manners and Louisa Tollemache, 7th Countess of Dysart.

Through the interest of his elder brother, Sir William Manners, 1st Baronet, he was returned as Member of Parliament for Ilchester from 1804 until 1806.

On 19 August 1806, he married Mary Bechenoe (d. 1838), but the couple had no children.

Louisa Tollemache, 7th Countess of Dysart
Louisa Manners Tollemache, 7th Countess of Dysart (2 July 1745 – 22 September 1840) was an English peeress. Her father held considerable estates in England largely due to the two marriages of Elizabeth Maitland, Duchess of Lauderdale, earlier Tollemache, née Elizabeth Murray. Her elder brothers left no surviving issue on their deaths which enabled her to enjoy and help to pass on to her descendants the key family settlement properties: Helmingham Hall and Ham House in England.
Catalina Usme
María Catalina Usme Pineda (born 25 December 1989), known as Catalina Usme, is a Colombian footballer who plays as a forward for Turkish Women's Super League club Galatasaray and the Colombia women's national team.

2018 Copa América Femenina
The 2018 Copa América Femenina was the eighth edition of the CONMEBOL Copa América Femenina (also referred to as the Copa América Femenina), the quadrennial international football competition for women's national teams in South America affiliated with CONMEBOL. The tournament was played between 4 and 22 April 2018 in Chile.

The tournament provided two direct qualifying places and a play-off place (against the fourth-placed team from CONCACAF) for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, one direct qualifying place and a play-off place (against the second-placed team from CAF) for the 2020 Summer Olympic women's football tournament in Japan, and three (teams finishing third to fifth) for the 2019 Pan American Games women's football tournament in Lima, besides Peru who qualified automatically as hosts.

Brazil successfully defended their title, winning all their matches. It was their seventh Copa América Femenina title.
Randy Papé
Randall Charles "Randy" Papé (May 20, 1950 – November 6, 2008) was a business executive and philanthropist from Eugene, Oregon, in the United States. He was the founder and president of The Papé Group Inc., a co-founder of Liberty Financial Group, a member of the Oregon Transportation Commission, a trustee of the University of Oregon Foundation, and a member of the boards of the Nature Conservancy of Oregon, the Oregon Trail Council of Boy Scouts of America, and Mount Bachelor, Inc.

Oregon Route 569
Oregon Route 569 is an Oregon state highway serving as an outer quarter-loop in Eugene and Springfield. OR 569 comprises part of the Beltline Highway No. 69 (see Oregon highways and routes). It is 11.2 miles (18.0 km) long and runs east–west. OR 569 is not a complete beltway, though it was originally proposed as such.

In March 2010, the Oregon Transportation Commission voted to rename the highway from Beltline to Randy Papé Beltway. This name change met much opposition.  (See History below.)  By April, it was finalized as the Randy Papé Beltline.
1999 London nail bombings
The 1999 London nail bombings were a series of bomb explosions in London, England. Over three successive weekends between 17 and 30 April 1999, homemade nail bombs were detonated in Brixton in south London; at Brick Lane, Spitalfields, in the East End; and at the Admiral Duncan pub in Soho in the West End. Each bomb contained up to 1,500 100 mm nails in duffel bags that were left in public spaces. The bombs killed three people and injured 140 people, four of whom lost limbs.

On 2 May 1999, the Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorist Branch charged 22-year-old David Copeland with murder. Copeland, who became known as the "London nail bomber", was a neo-Nazi militant and a former member of two political groups, the British National Party and then the National Socialist Movement. The bombings were aimed at London's Black, Bengali, and LGBT communities. Copeland was convicted of murder in 2000 and given six life sentences.

Nail bomb
A nail bomb is an anti-personnel improvised explosive device containing nails to increase its effectiveness at harming victims. The nails act as shrapnel, leading almost certainly to more injury in inhabited areas than the explosives alone would. A nail bomb is also a type of flechette weapon. Such weapons use bits of shrapnel (steel balls, nail heads, screws, needles, broken razors, darts and other small metal objects) to create a larger radius of destruction.

Nail bombs are often used by terrorists, including suicide bombers, since they cause larger numbers of casualties when detonated in crowded places. Nail bombs can be detected by electromagnetic sensors and standard metal detectors.
X Dekho
"X Dekho" (transl. Watch Decade) is the official anthem of the tenth season of Pakistan Super League, 2025. Recorded and produced at Lightingale Records, the anthem features Ali Zafar, Abrar Ul Haq, Talha Anjum, and Natasha Baig.

2025 Pakistan Super League
The 2025 Pakistan Super League, also known as PSL 10 and branded as HBL PSL X, was the tenth edition of the Pakistan Super League. Established by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) in 2015 as a professional franchise Twenty20 cricket league. It is played between six teams in a double round robin and page playoff system.

Originally scheduled to take place across four cities in Pakistan from 11 April to 18 May 2025, the league was delayed to 25 May amid the 2025 India–Pakistan conflict. In the final, Lahore Qalandars defeated Quetta Gladiators by 6 wickets, becoming the second team to win the PSL title for the third time.
Pengiran Anak Abdul 'Ali Yil-Kabier
Pengiran Anak Abdul 'Ali Yil-Kabier (born 1976) is a member of the royal family of Brunei as the son of Princess Masna, daughter of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III. He is the husband of Pengiran Anak Hamidah Jamalul Bulqiah, daughter of Prince Jefri Bolkiah. He is the co-founder of BMB Group, an advisory and asset management company.

Princess Masna of Brunei
Masna binti Omar Ali Saifuddien III (Jawi: مسنا; born 6 September 1948) is a member of the royal family of Brunei. She is the daughter of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and the sister of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. Princess Masna has had a long career as a diplomat and is currently the Ambassador-at-Large at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Simon Sturridge
Simon Andrew Sturridge (born 9 December 1969) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker. He made more than 250 appearances in the Football League for Birmingham City, Stoke City, Blackpool, Northampton Town and Shrewsbury Town.

1991 Associate Members' Cup final
The 1991 Associate Members' Cup Final, known as the Leyland DAF Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 8th final of the domestic football cup competition for teams from the Third Division and Fourth Division. The final was played at Wembley Stadium, London on 26 May 1991, and was contested by Birmingham City and Tranmere Rovers. Birmingham won the match 3–2, with Simon Sturridge and John Gayle scoring the goals for the winning team.
Theodore Schultz
Theodore William Schultz (/ʃʊlts/ SHUULTS; 30 April 1902 – 26 February 1998) was an American agricultural economist and chairman of the University of Chicago Department of Economics. Schultz rose to national prominence after winning the 1979 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

South Dakota State University
South Dakota State University (SDSU or SD State) is a public land-grant research university in Brookings, South Dakota, United States. Founded in 1881, it is the state's largest university and is the second oldest continually operating university in the state. The university is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents.

South Dakota State University is a land-grant university founded under the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act. This land-grant heritage and mission has led the university to place a special focus on academic programs in agriculture, engineering, nursing, and pharmacy, as well as liberal arts. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The graduate program is classified as Doctoral, Science, Technology, Engineering, Math dominant.
Moose Jaw Canucks
The Moose Jaw Canucks were a junior ice hockey team based in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada. They were one of the founding members of the original Western Canada Junior Hockey League (1948–1956), and in 1966 were founding members of a new Western Canada Junior Hockey League (known since 1978 as the Western Hockey League) following a rebellion within the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. The franchise evolved from the Moose Jaw Cubs in the early 1930s.

The Canucks won the Abbott Cup in 1945 and 1947, making them the Junior "A" Champion for Western Canada and earning a playoff against the George Richardson Memorial Trophy- winning Eastern Champion for the Memorial Cup.  The Canucks lost their Memorial Cup competition against the Toronto St. Michael's Majors in both years.

Estevan Bruins
The Estevan Bruins are a junior ice hockey team playing in the Junior "A" Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL). The team is based in Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada, and plays at Affinity Place. They were founded in 1971, when a previous franchise called the Estevan Bruins, which played in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League from 1957 to 1966 and then the Major Junior Western Hockey League (WHL) from 1966 to 1971, relocated to New Westminster, British Columbia; that franchise is today known as the Kamloops Blazers.
V (Legião Urbana album)
V is the fifth studio album by the Brazilian rock band Legião Urbana, released on December 15, 1991.

The album was released amid the Plano Collor economic crisis and an alcoholism peak of vocalist, acoustic guitarist and leader Renato Russo, who had also just discovered to be HIV-positive - a condition he kept as a secret from most people back then. It sold around 465,000 copies.

Acústico MTV: Legião Urbana
Acústico MTV is the first live album by Brazilian band Legião Urbana. It was certified Diamond by ABPD, with more than 500,000 copies sold, and eventually reached the milestone of over 2 million copies sold.