hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John VIII Palaiologos
John VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Ἰωάννης Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Iōánnēs Palaiológos; 18 December 1392 – 31 October 1448) was the penultimate Byzantine emperor. Ruling from 1425 to 1448, he attempted to bring about the reunification of the Orthodox and Catholic churches and prioritized the protection of Constantinople against the Ottoman Empire. He was succeeded by his brother, Constantine XI, who would become the final emperor.

Flagellation of Christ (Piero della Francesca)
The Flagellation of Christ (1459–1460) is a painting by Piero della Francesca in the Galleria Nazionale delle Marche in Urbino, Italy.  Called by one writer an "enigmatic little painting," the composition is complex and unusual, and its iconography has been the subject of widely differing theories.  Kenneth Clark called The Flagellation "the greatest small painting in the world".
Future Combat Air System
The Future Combat Air System (FCAS), (French: Système de Combat Aérien du Futur; SCAF; German: Zukünftiges Luftkampfsystem; Spanish: Futuro Sistema Aéreo de Combate; FSAC) is a European combat system of systems under development by Dassault Aviation, Airbus and Indra Sistemas.

The FCAS will consist of a Next-Generation Weapon System (NGWS) as well as other air assets in the future operational battlespace. The NGWS's components will be remote carrier vehicles (swarming drones) as well as a New Generation Fighter (NGF)—a planned sixth-generation jet fighter—that will possibly supersede France's Rafale and Germany and Spain's Eurofighter.

A test flight of a demonstrator is expected around 2027 and entry into service around 2040. According to Airbus, the first test flight of an FCAS fighter jet together with swarming drones, with all vehicles connected to each other via an information technology "combat cloud", is planned for 2028 or 2029.

Safran Aircraft Engines
Safran Aircraft Engines, previously Snecma (Société nationale d'études et de construction de moteurs d'aviation) or Snecma Moteurs, is a French aerospace engine manufacturer headquartered in Courcouronnes and a subsidiary of Safran. It designs, manufactures and maintains engines for commercial and military aircraft as well as rocket engines for launch vehicles and satellites.

Some of its notable developments, alone or in partnership, include the Dassault Rafale's M88 engine, the Concorde's Olympus 593, the CFM56 and CFM-LEAP for single-aisle airliners, as well as the Ariane 5's Vulcain engine.

The company employs around 15,700 people across 35 production sites, offices, and MRO facilities worldwide and files an average of nearly 500 patents each year.

Safran Aircraft Engines also notably operates two joint ventures with GE Aerospace: CFM International, the world's leading supplier of commercial aircraft engines, and CFM Materials.
William Hagerman Farmstead
The William Hagerman Farmstead is a historic home located at Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The house is a 2+1⁄2-story five-bay brick dwelling with a raised cellar. It features a double porch, three tiered, extending across the east gable end of the house. The house is an exceptionally intact example of an 1860s vernacular interpretation of the Italianate architecture.

The William Hagerman Farmstead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Sharpsburg, Maryland
Sharpsburg is a town in Washington County, Maryland. The town is about 13 miles (21 km) south of Hagerstown. Its population was 560 at the 2020 census.

During the American Civil War, the Battle of Antietam—referred to as the Battle of Sharpsburg by the South—was fought on what is now Antietam National Battlefield, in the vicinity of Antietam Creek.
Manually coded language
Manually coded languages are a family of gestural communication methods which include gestural spelling as well as constructed languages which directly interpolate the grammar and syntax of oral languages in a gestural-visual form—that is, signed versions of oral languages. Unlike the sign languages that have evolved naturally in deaf communities, these manual codes are the conscious invention of deaf and hearing educators, and as such lack the distinct spatial structures present in native deaf sign languages. MCLs mostly follow the grammar of the oral language—or, more precisely, of the written form of the oral language that they interpolate. They have been mainly used in deaf education in an effort to "represent English on the hands" and by sign language interpreters in K-12 schools, although they have had some influence on deaf sign languages where their implementation was widespread.

Deaf education
Deaf education is the education of students with any degree of hearing loss or deafness. This may involve, but does not always, individually-planned, systematically-monitored teaching methods, adaptive materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to help students achieve a higher level of self-sufficiency and success in the school and community than they would achieve with a typical classroom education. There are different language modalities used in educational setting where students get varied communication methods. A number of countries focus on training teachers to teach deaf students with a variety of approaches and have organizations to support and advocate for deaf students.
Hickling Priory
Hickling Priory was an Augustinian priory located in Norfolk, England.

The house was founded in 1185 by Theobald, grandson of Theobald de Valognes, Lord of Parham. By 1291 the Priory had possession of thirty two Norfolk parishes and held an annual three-day All Hallows fair at Hacheston in Suffolk, close to the founders' estate at Parham.

The Plague killed all but two of its brethren and the house never fully recovered, being cited repeatedly thereafter by episcopal authorities for deteriorated buildings and lax observance by the canons.

The Visitations by the Bishops of Norwich shed some light on the Priory's last years.

The Priory acknowledged the king's supremacy on 4 June 1534. The Valor of 1535 gave its value as £100 with their most valuable possession being the nearby manor of Hickling. The house was dissolved in 1536.

Today ruined portions of the church and claustral buildings survive on the privately owned Priory Farm in Hickling.

Hickling, Norfolk
Hickling is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is 22 miles south-east of Cromer, 20.3 miles north-east of Norwich and 137 miles north-east of London. It lies 3 miles east of the Broadlands town of Stalham. The nearest railway station is at Worstead for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich.
ZDF
ZDF (German: [ˌtsɛt.deːˈʔɛf] ⓘ), short for Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (German: [ˈtsvaɪtəs ˈdɔʏtʃəs ˈfɛʁnzeːn] ⓘ; lit. 'Second German Television'), is a German public-service television broadcaster based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. Launched on 1 April 1963, it is run as an independent nonprofit institution, and was founded by all federal states of Germany (Bundesländer). ZDF is financed by television licence fees and advertising revenues.

The broadcaster is well known for its famous programmes heute, a newscast established in 1963, and Wetten, dass..?, an entertainment show that premiered in 1981, with a suspension from 2014 to 2021. Norbert Himmler, ZDF's director general, was elected by the ZDF Television Council in 2021.

Tabaluga
Tabaluga is a German media franchise featuring a fictional green dragon, created by German rock musician Peter Maffay, children's songwriter Rolf Zuckowski and author Gregor Rottschalk. Artist Helme Heine drew the image of Tabaluga as it is currently known. The character Tabaluga was first introduced by Maffay in the musical fairy tale Tabaluga ... oder die Reise zur Vernunft (Tabaluga or... The Journey to Reason) in 1983. This first studio album was the step to success: within the next years some Helme Heine books, six sequel concept studio albums, two tours, a stage musical, Tabaluga und Lilli (Tabaluga and Lilli), based on the third concept album and many TV cartoons which have been broadcast in over 100 countries round the world followed and a children's game show. Over 100 kindergartens and child care groups carry the word "Tabaluga" in their name.
Albertina Ivanova
Albertina Petrovna Ivanova (Mari: Альбертина Петровна Иванова; born 11 August 1954) is a Mari poet.

She has been described as one of the best-known Mari poets of the 1990s.

She is one of the subjects of Arvo Valton's 1998 book Neli marilannat : Svetlana Essaulova, Valentina Iziljanova, Albertina Ivanova, Nadežda Nikitina [Four Mari Women ...] (Tallinn: Virgela, ISBN 9789985862612)

Mari people
The Mari (/ˈmɑːri/ MAR-ee), also formerly known as the Cheremis or Cheremisses, are a Finno-Ugric people in Eastern Europe, who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama rivers in Russia. They live mostly in the Mari El republic, with significant minorities in Bashkortostan, Perm Krai, Tatarstan and Udmurtia. Mari make up 40.1% of the population of Mari El.
The Serial
The Serial: A Year in the Life of Marin County (often referred to as just The Serial) is  a satirical novel about Marin County, California, written by Cyra McFadden. Beginning in 1976, the book's chapters had been serialized in the Marin County alternative weekly newspaper Pacific Sun, as well as the San Francisco Chronicle. It was first published in book form in 1977.

The book deals with life in mid-1970s Marin County, a suburban and affluent county just north of San Francisco.

The book was popular at the time of its initial publication. It has since been out of print for several years in the United States. It was reprinted in the United Kingdom by Prion Humour Classics in 2000 and as an apostrophebooks.com e-book in 2013.

A film version of the book, called Serial, was released in 1980 and starred Martin Mull and Tuesday Weld. It was received with limited critical praise.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.
Sumire Uesaka
Sumire Uesaka (上坂すみれ, Uesaka Sumire; born December 19, 1991) is a Japanese voice actress and singer associated with Voice Kit. She first began her career as a junior talent in 2000, appearing in various commercials. In 2011, she transitioned into voice acting. She won the Best Rookie Actress at the 10th Seiyu Awards. In addition to voice acting, Uesaka began a music career in April 2013 under King Records under the King Amusement Creative label.

Concrete Revolutio
Concrete Revolutio: Superhuman Phantasmagoria (コンクリート・レボルティオ ～超人幻想～, Konkurīto Reborutio: Chōjin Gensō) is a Japanese superhero anime television series created and written by Shō Aikawa, directed by Seiji Mizushima, produced by Bones, and featuring character designs by Yoshiyuki Ito. It began airing in Japan in October 2015. A second season debuted on 3 April 2016.
Numhyd
Numhyd is an oil company founded on 4 April 2003, jointly owned and managed by Algeria's Sonatrach and Tunisia's ETAP, who each own 50%.  It is registered in Jersey, with offices in Algiers and Tunis. Its operations include oil fields in the Illizi basin (eastern Algerian Sahara) and the Kaboudia area offshore in Tunisia.

Sonatrach
Sonatrach (Arabic: سوناطراك) is the national state-owned oil company of Algeria. Founded in 1963, it is known today to be the largest company in Africa with 154 subsidiaries, and often referred as the first African oil "major". In 2021, Sonatrach was the seventh largest gas company in the world.
Shiraishi Island
Shiraishi Island (白石島, Shiraishi-jima) is an island in the Inland Sea of Japan and is considered part of the municipality of Kasaoka, Okayama Prefecture. It is one of six inhabited islands in the Kasaoka Islands, a chain of islands most easily reached from the port city of Kasaoka on Japan's main island, Honshū.

Kasaoka Islands
The Kasaoka Islands (笠岡諸島, Kasaoka Shotō) are a group of 31 islands in the Seto Inland Sea of Okayama Prefecture. They are part of the city of Kasaoka.

The seven inhabited islands in the group are:

Takashima Island 高島 (岡山県笠岡市)

Shiraishi Island, 白石島

Kitagi Island, 北木島

Ōbi Island, 大飛島

Kobi Island, 小飛島

Manabeshima, 真鍋島

Mushima Island, 六島
Bergstraße (district)
Bergstraße (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁkˌʃtʁaːsə] ⓘ, lit. 'Mountain Road') is a Kreis (district) in the south of Hesse, Germany. It is at the northern end of the Bergstraße route. Neighboring districts are Groß-Gerau, Darmstadt-Dieburg, Odenwaldkreis, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, the urban district Mannheim, the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, and the urban district of Worms. Kreis Bergstraße belongs both to the Rhine Neckar Area and the Rhein-Main Region.

Darmstadt-Dieburg
Darmstadt-Dieburg is a Kreis (district) in the south of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Offenbach, Aschaffenburg, Miltenberg, Odenwaldkreis, Bergstraße, Groß-Gerau, and the district-free city of Darmstadt, which it surrounds.
Dotnacht
Dotnacht is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in the year 824 as Tottinheiche.

The municipality contained the villages Engelswilen, Aufhäusern, Altshof, among others. In 1850, it had 327 inhabitants, which decreased to 281 in 1900. After a temporary increase to 303 in 1950, the population declined again to 244 in 1990.

In 1996, the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipalities Alterswilen, Altishausen, Ellighausen, Hugelshofen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, and Siegershausen, forming a new and larger municipality of Kemmental.

Neuwilen
Neuwilen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

The municipality also contained the village Schwaderloh.

In 1996 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Alterswilen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Hugelshofen, Lippoldswilen and Siegershausen to form a new and larger municipality Kemmental.

About 250 people live in Neuwilen.  The only public buildings are the primary school building and the kindergarten building.

47°37′19″N 9°08′02″E﻿ / ﻿47.622°N 9.134°E﻿ / 47.622; 9.134
Lalitpur Junction railway station
Lalitpur Junction railway station is an important railway station in Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Its code is LAR. It serves Lalitpur city and towns such as Chanderi in nearby Madhya Pradesh. The station consists of three platforms. The platforms are not well sheltered. The station was connected with Tikamgarh in 2013and further to Khajuraho by 2016.

Lalitpur, India
Lalitpur is a city and a municipal board in Lalitpur District, India in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is also district headquarters of Lalitpur district. The city is part of Bundelkhand region.

Raja Sumer Singh Bundela, a chieftain from Central India, is said to have founded Lalitpur, and named it
after his queen Lalita Devi, who cured him of a snake that lodged in his stomach, of which story
parallels are heard in several places (see Cunningham’s Archaeological Report, Vol. X).
C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
C/1911 O1 (Brooks), also designated 1911 V or Comet Brooks, was a bright comet discovered in July 1911 by astronomer William Robert Brooks.

It is notable for becoming a bright naked-eye object of second magnitude, with a narrow straight tail of up to thirty degrees in length and a distinct blue colour; this colour seen in some comets is usually a result of the emission of carbon monoxide ions. It was also notable for uniquely being visible at the same time (mid October 1911) and in the same part of the sky as a second bright comet; this was C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky), which reached the first magnitude, had a fifteen degree tail and a bright golden-yellow appearance.

C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
Comet Beljawsky, formally designated as C/1911 S3, is a comet discovered by the Russian astronomer Sergei Ivanovich Beljawsky on 29 September 1911 and shortly thereafter, it was seen independently by four or five other observers in the United States and probably by others throughout the world.
Alex García Mendoza
Alex Maxwell García Mendoza (born 2 June 1993) is a Cuban judoka.

García Mendoza competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's +100 kg. There, he was defeated in a bronze medal match by Or Sasson of Israel.

Or Sasson
Or "Ori" Sasson (Hebrew: אור "אורי" ששון; born 18 August 1990) is a retired Israeli Olympic judoka. He won a bronze medal in the +100 kg category at the 2016 Summer Olympics and another one at the mixed team event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was the second Israeli to win two Olympic medals.

In June 2015, representing Israel at the 2015 European Games in judo in the +100 kg category in Baku, Azerbaijan, Sasson won a silver medal at the 2015 European Championships which was held during the European Games.
Noonan Plaza Apartments
The Noonan Plaza Apartments are an eight-story Art Deco apartment complex in the Highbridge neighborhood of the Bronx in New York City. Built in 1931 by Horace Ginsbern & Associates, with exteriors by Marvin Fine, the building forms part of the rich tapestry of Art Deco apartments in the West Bronx. It was made a New York City designated landmark in 2010.

Highbridge, Bronx
Highbridge is a residential neighborhood geographically located in the central-west section of the Bronx, New York City. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are the Cross-Bronx Expressway to the north, Jerome Avenue to the east, Macombs Dam Bridge to the south, and the Harlem River to the west. Ogden Avenue runs north–south through Highbridge.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 4, and its ZIP Code is 10452. The local subway is the IND Concourse Line (B and ​D trains), operating along the Grand Concourse, and the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 train), operating along Jerome Avenue. The area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 44th Precinct. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx.
Charles Lewis Camp
Charles Lewis Camp (March 12, 1893 – August 14, 1975) was an American palaeontologist and zoologist, working from the University of California, Berkeley. He took part in excavations at the 'Placerias Quarry', in 1930 and the forty Shonisaurus skeleton discoveries of the 1960s, in what is now the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park. Camp served as the third director of the University of California Museum of Paleontology from 1930 to 1949, and coincidentally as chair of the UC Berkeley Paleontology Department between 1939 and 1949. Camp named a number of species of marine reptiles such as Shonisaurus and Plotosaurus, as well as the dinosaur Segisaurus.

Shonisaurus
Shonisaurus is a genus of very large ichthyosaurs. At least 37 incomplete fossil specimens of the type species, Shonisaurus popularis, have been found in the Luning Formation of Nevada, USA. This formation dates to the late Carnian-early Norian age of the Late Triassic, around 227 million years ago. Other possible species of Shonisaurus have been discovered from the middle Norian deposits of Canada and Alaska.
Kasbah Mosque, Tunis
Kasbah Mosque (Arabic: جامع القصبة ; French: Mosquée de la Casbah) is a mosque in the Tunis, Tunisia. It stands in the Kasbah district of the historic medina of Tunis. It was built between 1230 and 1233 on the orders of the first Hafsid ruler, Abu Zakariya Yahya, to serve as the main Friday mosque of the Kasbah.

Al-Zaytuna Mosque
Al-Zaytuna Mosque (Arabic: جامع الزيتونة, romanized: Jāmiʿ al-Zaytūnah, lit. 'Mosque of the olive') is a major mosque at the center of the historic medina of Tunis, Tunisia. The mosque is the oldest in the city. It was founded at the end of the 7th century or in the early 8th century, but its current architectural form dates from a reconstruction in the 9th century, including many antique columns reused from Carthage, and from later additions and restorations over the centuries.

The mosque developed into a place of higher education, today the University of Ez-Zitouna, which became the most important educational institution in Tunisia from around the 13th century onward. Ibn 'Arafa, a major Maliki scholar, al-Maziri, the great traditionalist and jurist, and Aboul-Qacem Echebbi, a famous Tunisian poet, all taught there, among others.
Findchóem
Findchóem (also spelled Finnchóem, Findcháem, Finncháem, Fionnchaomh) is a character from the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology.

She is known variously as; the sister of the Ulster king Conchobar mac Nessa, the wife of the poet Amergin, the mother of Conall Cernach and the foster mother of Cúchulainn.

Conchobar mac Nessa
Conchobar mac Nessa (son of Ness) is the king of Ulster in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. He rules from Emain Macha (Navan Fort, near Armagh). He is usually said to be the son of the High King Fachtna Fáthach, although in some stories his father is the druid Cathbad, and he is usually known by his matronymic, mac Nessa: his mother is Ness, daughter of Eochaid Sálbuide, King of Ulster.

Conchobar was an important figure in the Ulster Cycle, appearing in the Táin Bó Cúailnge and a number of other stories where he is depicted as a good king, though he is depicted as a tyrant and villain in the legend of Deirdre of the Sorrows.
Moses Tyson
Moses Tyson (born 1897, Westmorland; died 1969), was a British historian and librarian who was Keeper of Western Manuscripts at the John Rylands Library from 1927 to 1935 and then Librarian of the Manchester University Library from 1935 until 1965. He was the first University Librarian to be a member of the University Senate.

His successor Frederick William Ratcliffe described him as "one of the great unsung figures of the University"; according to Brian Pullan, historian of the University, Dr Tyson was "a painfully shy bachelor who shunned the company of women" and "the self-effacing, misogynistic, chain-smoking Librarian".

His friends included Sir William Watson the poet and H. B. Charlton, Professor of English Literature at the University of Manchester.

Tyson was a Member of the Chetham Society, and served as a Member of Council (1934-58) and as Secretary (1940-51). He was also a Member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.

Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, popularly known as the Lit. & Phil., is one of the oldest learned societies in the United Kingdom and second oldest provincial learned society (after the Spalding Gentlemen's Society).

Prominent members have included Robert Owen, John Dalton, James Prescott Joule, Sir William Fairbairn, Tom Kilburn, Peter Mark Roget, Sir Ernest Rutherford, Alan Turing, Sir Joseph Whitworth and Dorothy Hodgkin.
Play-offs to the Norwegian Second Division
The Play-offs to the 2. divisjon in association football took place from 2000 up to and including the 2010 season.

The play-offs were instituted because of the streamlining of the 2. divisjon ahead of the 2001 season. It was reduced from eight to four groups, and thus, not all winners of the 3. divisjon groups could be promoted.

From the 2011 season, the 3. divisjon was streamlined to have twelve groups, where the winners are promoted to the four groups of the 2. divisjon, whence three teams (on average) in each of the four 2. divisjon groups are relegated to the 3. divisjon.

FK Eik Tønsberg
Fotballklubben Eik Tønsberg Allianseidrettslag (formerly known as Eik-Tønsberg), is a Norwegian football club from the Eik neighborhood of Tønsberg, Vestfold. The club got its current name on 1 January 2020 after a merger with FK Tønsberg. The football team competes with the name FK Eik Tønsberg 871 where the number represents the founding year of the town of Tønsberg.