hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Interacting boson model
The interacting boson model (IBM) is a model in nuclear physics in which
nucleons (protons or neutrons) pair up, essentially
acting as a single particle with boson properties, with
integral spin of either 2 (d-boson) or 0 (s-boson). They correspond to a quintuplet and singlet, i.e. 6 states.

It is sometimes known as the Interacting boson approximation (IBA).: 7

The IBM1/IBM-I model treats both types of nucleons the same and considers only pairs of nucleons coupled to
total angular momentum 0 and 2, called respectively, s and d bosons.

The IBM2/IBM-II model treats protons and neutrons separately.

Both models are restricted to nuclei with even numbers of protons and neutrons.: 9

The model can be used to predict vibrational and rotational modes of non-spherical nuclei.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Edward T. Stotesbury
Edward Townsend "Ned" Stotesbury (February 26, 1849 – May 16, 1938) was a prominent investment banker, a partner in Philadelphia's Drexel & Co. and its New York affiliate J. P. Morgan & Co. for over fifty-five years. He was involved in the financing of many railroads. Stotesbury, West Virginia, a coal mining town in Raleigh County, is named for him, as well as his equestrian estate, the Stotesbury Club House. Several of the palatial estates he built with his second wife have been demolished in the years since his death.

Louise Cromwell Brooks
Louise Cromwell (born Henrietta Louise Cromwell; September 24, 1890 – May 30, 1965) was an American socialite whose four marriages included seven years as the first wife of General of the Army Douglas MacArthur. She was "considered one of Washington's most beautiful and attractive young women".
HMS Aurora (1913)
HMS Aurora was an Arethusa-class light cruiser that saw service in World War I with the Royal Navy. During the war, the cruiser participated in the  Battle of Dogger Bank and was a member of the Grand Fleet when the main fleet of the Imperial German Navy surrendered to it in 1918. Following the war, Aurora was placed in reserve and in 1920, the cruiser was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy. Her service with the Royal Canadian Navy was brief, being paid off in 1922. The cruiser was sold for scrap in 1927 and broken up.

Arethusa-class cruiser (1913)
The Arethusa-class cruisers were a class of eight oil-fired light cruisers of the Royal Navy all ordered in September 1912, primarily for service in the North Sea. They had three funnels with the middle one somewhat larger in diameter than the others. All served in the First World War. They were found to be very cramped internally.
Kōsei, Shiga
Kōsei (甲西町, Kōsei-chō) was a town located in Kōka District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. "Kōsei" means "western Kōka". As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 42,471 and a density of 743.02 persons per km2. The total area was 57.16 km2. On October 1, 2004, Kōsei merged with the town of Ishibe (also from Kōka District) to create the city of Konan.

Konan, Shiga
Konan (湖南市, Konan-shi) is a city located in southern Shiga Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2021, the city had an estimated population of 54,607 in 24305 households and a population density of 780 persons per km². The total area of the city is 70.4 square kilometres (27.2 sq mi).
Edmund William Gilbert
Edmund William Gilbert (1900–1973) was a British social geographer. He was Professor of Geography at the University of Oxford, from 1953 to 1967.
and Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford. He defined geography in terms of the recognition of the characters of regions.

In the 1920s, while at Reading University, he studied the American West. He was much influenced by Halford Mackinder, to the point of being thought an uncritical admirer.

During World War II he worked on the Naval Intelligence Handbooks, producing, with Robert Beckinsale and S. da Sá, the Spain and Portugal volumes.

He studied at St Peter's School, York.

St Peter's School, York
St Peter's School is a co-educational private boarding and day school (also referred to as a public school), in the English city of York, with extensive grounds on the banks of the River Ouse. Founded by St Paulinus of York in AD 627, it is considered to be the third-oldest school in the world, although some historians take a more skeptical view. It is part of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and York Boarding Schools Group.

The school accepts pupils aged two to eighteen.
SuperDisk
The SuperDisk LS-120 is a high-speed, high-capacity alternative to the 90 mm (3.5 in), 1.44 MB floppy disk. The SuperDisk hardware was created by 3M's storage products group Imation in 1996, with manufacturing chiefly by Matsushita.

The SuperDisk had limited success in North America; Compaq, Gateway and Dell were among the relatively few OEMs to support it. The second-generation SuperDisk LS-240 drives saw broader distribution in Asia and Australia, where more models and media were released. LS-240 drives were also marketed in North America, including external USB models sold through retail channels, such as the QPS Que! SuperDisk 240 in 2001.

The widespread introduction of rewritable CD-ROMs around the same time undermined the role for the SuperDisk. SuperDisk worldwide ceased manufacturing in 2003.

Zip drive
The Zip drive is a discontinued removable cartridge disk storage system sold by Iomega from 1995 to 2003. Considered medium-to-high-capacity at the time of its release, Zip disks were originally launched with capacities of 100 MB, then 250 MB, and finally 750 MB.

The format became the most popular of the superfloppy products which filled a niche in the late 1990s portable storage market. However, it was never popular enough to replace the standard 3+1⁄2-inch floppy disk. Zip drives fell out of favor for mass portable storage during the early 2000s as CD-RW and USB flash drives became prevalent. The Zip brand later covered internal and external CD writers known as Zip-650 or Zip-CD, despite the dissimilar technology.
Belomorsky Military District
The Belomorsky Military District (Russian: Беломорский военный округ) was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces, active from in the immediate aftermath of the Russian Civil War and just after the Second World War.

The District was formed by the decree of the Council of the Peoples Commissars in May 1918. It existed: from May 4 to August 15, 1918; from March 20, 1920, to May 17, 1921; from 15 December 1944 year (note 1 January 1945 according to the Encyclopedia "Second World War")  to June 29, 1951.

Arkhangelsk Military District
The Arkhangelsk Military District (Russian: Архангельский Военный Округ, romanized: Arkhangel'skiy Voyennyy Okrug) was a regional military district of the Red Army which oversaw the North-Western part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The district was formed in 1940 during a reorganisation of the Army, but disbanded in 1944, reformed two years later, and finally disbanded in 1951.
C. E. P. de Silva
Charles Edward Perry de Silva was a Ceylonese lawyer and politician.

Following the death of the sitting State Council of Ceylon member for Negombo, Gate Mudaliyar A. E. Rajapakse, on 20 September 1937, de Silva was elected to the State Council at the subsequent by-election on 15 January 1938. De Silva died whilst still in office on 27 February 1942. He was replaced by Hector de Zoysa Siriwardena.

2nd State Council of Ceylon
The 2nd State Council of Ceylon was a meeting of the State Council of Ceylon, with the membership determined by the results of the 1936 state council election held between 22 February and 7 March 1936. The parliament met for the first time on 17 March 1936 and was dissolved on 4 July 1947.
Joel Redman
Joel Pettyfer (born 21 February 1987) is an English professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Joel Redman. Pettyfer is best known for his work on the independent circuit in the United Kingdom, where he is a former Unified British Tag Team Champion alongside Mark Haskins in International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom and Real Quality Wrestling and was a regular competitor in the Frontier Wrestling Alliance. He is also known for working in WWE's developmental territory NXT under the ring name Oliver Grey, where he was one half of the inaugural NXT Tag Team Champions along with Adrian Neville, often collectively known as British Ambition.

Chris Hero
William Christopher Spradlin (born December 24, 1979), better known by his ring name Chris Hero, is an American professional wrestler and trainer. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) as a coach.

Hero has worked for a number of independent wrestling promotions, including Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), Ring of Honor (ROH), Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South, Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and Chikara, as well as Pro Wrestling Noah in Japan. Hero has had two stints in WWE, both as part of their development territory NXT, under the ring name Kassius Ohno. His second tenure with the company saw him work as a "player-coach" for the trainees in NXT and NXT UK.

For years Hero teamed up with Claudio Castagnoli as the "Kings of Wrestling", winning various tag team championships and tournaments such as Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas, Tag World Grand Prix 2006, CZW World Tag Team Championship, JCW Tag Team Championship and the ROH World Tag Team Championship.
Sébastien Japrisot
Sébastien Japrisot (French pronunciation: [sebastjɛ̃ ʒapʁizo]; 4 July 1931 – 4 March 2003) was a French author, screenwriter and film director. His pseudonym was an anagram of Jean-Baptiste Rossi, his real name. Renowned for subverting the rules of the crime genre, Japrisot broke down the established formulas "into their component pieces to re-combine them in original and paradoxical ways." Some critics argue that though Japrisot's work may lack the explicit experimental element present in the novels of some of his contemporaries, it shows influences of structuralist theories and the unorthodox techniques of the New Novelists.

He remains little known in the English-speaking world, though all his novels have been translated into English and all but one of them have been made into films.

Adieu l'ami
Adieu l'ami (also known as Farewell, Friend, reissued as Honor Among Thieves) is a 1968 French-Italian heist crime film directed by Jean Herman and produced by Serge Silberman, with a screenplay by Sebastien Japrisot. The film was a great success in Europe and made Charles Bronson a star there after a career as a supporting actor in Hollywood.
Thousand Islands (Svalbard)
Thousand Islands (Norwegian: Tusenøyane) is a group of small islands south of Edgeøya. They form part of the Svalbard archipelago. The group consists of over forty islands and islets, including Brotskjer, Kulstadholmane, Utsira, Tufsen, Kong Ludvigøyane, Bölscheøya, Hornøya, Tiholmane, Meinickeøyane, Sletteøya, Schareholmane, Skråholmen, Brækmoholmane, Tareloppa, Vindholmen, and Menkeøyane.

Meinickeøyane
Meinickeøyane (English: Meinicke Islands) is an island group composed of two islets, Store Meinickeøya and Vesle Meinickeøya, that form part of Thousand Islands, an island group south of Edgeøya, part of the Svalbard archipelago. They were named after the German geographer Carl Eduard Meinicke (1803–76).
Carnival of the Animals (ballet)
Carnival of the Animals is a ballet choreographed by Christopher Wheeldon to the Le Carnaval Des Animaux by Saint-Saëns, with narrations written by John Lithgow, costumes and sets designs by Jon Morrell and lighting designed by Natasha Katz. It premiered on May 14, 2003, at the New York State Theater, performed by the New York City Ballet. The ballet is about a little boy who falls asleep at the American Museum of Natural History and dreams of people he knew as animals.

The Carnival of the Animals
The Carnival of the Animals (French: Le Carnaval des animaux) is a humorous musical suite of 14 movements, including "The Swan", by the French composer Camille Saint-Saëns. About 25 minutes long, it was written for private performance by two pianos and chamber ensemble; Saint-Saëns prohibited public performance of the work during his lifetime, feeling that its frivolity would damage his standing as a serious composer. The suite was published in 1922, the year after his death. A public performance that year was greeted with enthusiasm, and it has remained among his most popular works. It is less frequently performed with a full orchestral complement of strings.
Bolotana
Bolotana (Sardinian: Golòthene or Bolòtana) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of Cagliari and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Nuoro.

Bolotana borders the following municipalities: Bonorva, Bortigali, Illorai, Lei, Macomer, Noragugume, Orani, Ottana, Silanus.

Ottana
Ottana (Sardinian: Otzàna) is a comune (municipality), former bishopric and Latin titular see in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia. It is located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Nuoro.

The commune of Ottana borders the following municipalities: Bolotana, Noragugume, Olzai, Orani, Sarule, Sedilo.

The town is known for its traditional carnival costumes, including distinctive masks worn by the Boes, Merdules and Filonzana.
Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film
The Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film is an annual award given by the Art Directors Guild.

The award was previously combined with Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film from 2000 to 2005, before being spun out into its own category in 2006.

Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film
The Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film is an annual award given by the Art Directors Guild.

The award was previously combined with Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film from 2000 to 2005, before being spun out into its own category in 2006.
Australian cricket team in New Zealand in 1985–86
The Australian cricket team toured New Zealand in the 1985–86 season to play a three-match Test series and four-match one day series against New Zealand after NZ had toured Australia earlier in the season.

New Zealand won the series 1–0 with two matches drawn. It was the first time they had beaten Australia at home in a test series, and meant they retained the Trans-Tasman Trophy.

The one day series was drawn 2-2.

Tim Zoehrer
Timothy Joseph Zoehrer (born 25 September 1961) is a former Australian cricket player. He played as a wicket-keeper and is of Austrian descent.

He played ten Test matches between 1986 and 1987, touring New Zealand and India. He also played 22 One Day Internationals
Jack Why
Jack Why (3 April 1903 – 14 May 1944) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s. A New South Wales state and Australian national representative three-quarter back, he played in the NSWRFL Premiership for the South Sydney club, winning the 1928, 1929, 1931 and 1932 titles with them. He was the brother of fellow South Sydney footballers, Oliver Why and Alby Why.

1932 NSWRFL season
The 1932 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the twenty-fifth season of Sydney’s top-level rugby league competition, Australia’s first. During the season, which lasted from April until September, eight teams from across the city contested the premiership, culminating in South Sydney’s victory over Western Suburbs in the final.
Trembleuse
A trembleuse, also known as a tasse trembleuse: 32  or chocolate cup, is a pottery drinking cup and saucer with the saucer given a raised holding area, called the "gallery", in which the cup sits more securely than in the normal style.  The saucer therefore becomes more of a cup holder than the normal shallow near-plate.: 349

A different design – also often called a trembleuse, or gobelet et soucoupe enfoncé in 18th-century Sèvres catalogues – has a socket or well below the main plane of the saucer, in which the cup sits, achieving a similar effect of stability.  The main plane of the saucer is raised high. In both types, the cups are mostly in porcelain (or bone china) with some in high quality earthenware such as creamware.  The saucers normally match the cups, but are sometimes in silver, or even partly in gold.

Saucer
A saucer is a type of small dishware.  While in the Middle Ages a saucer was used for serving condiments and sauces, currently the term is used to denote a small plate that supports a cup – usually one used to serve coffee or tea - or a pot - usually for a plant.
Medziphema
Medziphema is a town and sub-division located in Chümoukedima District of Nagaland state of India. Medziphema Town and Medziphema Village are situated few kilometers apart, the village stands on a hill top to the north of the near-valley Town. It is located 44 km from the Capital City of Kohima, 20 km from Chümoukedima and 33 km from Dimapur. The National Highway 29 runs through the Town area.

Chümoukedima
Chümoukedima (/ˈtʃmʊkɛdimə/), previously spelled Chumukedima, formerly known as Samaguting, is a municipality in the Chümoukedima District of the Indian state of Nagaland. It is situated on the left bank of the Chathe and with its surrounding area that includes several other towns and villages, the Chümoukedima Metropolitan Area is the largest urban agglomeration in Nagaland in terms of area and third largest in terms of population, after Dimapur and Kohima.

Chümoukedima is the only municipality of the district of the same name. Chümoukedima was designated as the first headquarters of then Naga Hills District of Assam Province, British India, from 1866 until the administrative office  moved to Wokha in 1875 and then to Kohima in 1879.
Vennesla Church
Vennesla Church (Norwegian: Vennesla kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vennesla Municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vennesla. It is the church for the Vennesla parish which is part of the Otredal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The church is also the seat of the provost of the Otredal prosti. The white, stone church was built in a long church design in 1830 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 240 people.

Vennesla
Vennesla is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vennesla. Other villages in Vennesla include Grovane, Hægeland, Homstean, Mushom, Øvre Eikeland, Øvrebø, Røyknes, and Skarpengland. Vennesla lies about 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of the city of Kristiansand in the Otra river valley.

The 384-square-kilometre (148 sq mi) municipality is the 242nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Vennesla is the 79th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 15,294. The municipality's population density is 42.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (109/sq mi) and its population has increased by 11.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Hickory Daily Record
Hickory Daily Record is an American, English language daily newspaper based in Hickory, North Carolina, US. It is owned by Lee Enterprises. The newspaper is a member of the North Carolina Press Association.

The newspaper serves the city of Hickory along with Catawba County and Burke, as well as the neighboring Alexander  and Caldwell counties.

In 2019, the circulation was 9,372 (weekend) and 7,853 (daily).

Starting June 6, 2023, the print edition of the newspaper will be reduced to three days a week: Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Also, the newspaper will transition from being delivered by a traditional newspaper delivery carrier to mail delivery by the U.S. Postal Service.

Hickory, North Carolina
Hickory is a city in western North Carolina primarily located in Catawba County. The 25th most populous city in the state, it is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) northwest of Charlotte.

Hickory's population in the 2022 United States Census Bureau estimate was 44,084. Hickory is the main city of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 368,347 in the 2022 census, and is included in the larger  Charlotte-Concord, NC Combined Statistical Area with a population of 3,387,115 in 2022.

In 2014, Reader's Digest named the Hickory metro area as the 10th best place to live and raise a family in the United States. Forbes ranked the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton MSA the third best MSA in the country for business cost in the same year. The Hickory MSA was described by Smart Growth America in 2014 as being the country's most sprawling metro area. In 2023, Travel and Leisure rated Hickory as the most beautiful and affordable place to live in the U.S.
Umschlagplatz
Umschlagplatz (German: collection point or reloading point) was the term used during The Holocaust to denote the holding areas adjacent to railway stations in occupied Poland where Jews from ghettos were assembled for deportation to Nazi death camps. The largest collection point was in Warsaw next to the Warsaw Ghetto. In 1942 between 254,000 – 265,000 Jews passed through the Warsaw Umschlagplatz on their way to the Treblinka extermination camp during Operation Reinhard, the deadliest phase of the Holocaust in Poland. Often those awaiting the arrival of Holocaust trains, were held at the Umschlagplatz overnight. Other examples of Umschlagplatz include the one at Radogoszcz station - adjacent to the Łódź Ghetto - where people were sent to Chełmno extermination camp and Auschwitz.

In 1988, a memorial was erected in Warsaw to commemorate the deportation victims from the Umschlagplatz. The monument resembles a freight car with its doors open. It is located on the corner of Stawki Street.

Holocaust trains
Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and other European railways under the control of Nazi Germany and its allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps.

The speed at which people targeted in the "Final Solution" could be exterminated was dependent on two factors: the capacity of the death camps to gas the victims and quickly dispose of their bodies, as well as the capacity of the railways to transport the victims from Nazi ghettos to extermination camps. The most modern accurate numbers on the scale of the "Final Solution" still rely partly on shipping records of the German railways.
Brad Armstrong (wrestler)
Robert Bradley James (June 15, 1962 – November 1, 2012), better known by his ring name, Brad Armstrong was an American professional wrestler best known for his appearances with the promotion World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s. He was the son of wrestler "Bullet Bob" Armstrong and brother to professional wrestlers Steve, Scott and Brian.

NWA National Tag Team Championship
The NWA National Tag Team Championship was the primary tag team championship in the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA)-affiliated Georgia Championship Wrestling professional wrestling promotion from 1980 until 1986.