hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbondale Community High School
Carbondale Community High School is a public high school located in Carbondale, Illinois, United States. It serves grades 9–12 and is the sole school in District 165, having several different feeder schools within the city and outside of it. During the 2023–24 school year, 995 students attended the school.

Carbondale, Illinois
Carbondale is a city in Jackson County, Illinois, United States, within the Southern Illinois region informally known as "Little Egypt". As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 25,083, making it the most populous city in Southern Illinois outside the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis.

Carbondale was established in 1853 and developed as a crossroads of the railroad industry. Today, the major roadways of Illinois Route 13 and U.S. Route 51 intersect in the city. The city is located 96 miles (154 km) southeast of St. Louis on the northern edge of the Shawnee National Forest. It is the home of the main campus of Southern Illinois University.
Penryn Town Hall
Penryn Town Hall is a municipal building in Higher Market Street, Penryn, Cornwall, England. The structure, which is used as an events venue and also incorporates a local history museum, is a Grade II* listed building.

Penryn, Cornwall
Penryn (/pɛnˈrɪn/; Cornish: Pennrynn, meaning 'promontory') is a civil parish and town in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is on the Penryn River about 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Falmouth. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 8,489 and the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which extends beyond the parish boundary) had a population of 11,195.

Though now the town is overshadowed by the larger nearby town of Falmouth, Penryn was once an important harbour in its own right, lading granite and tin to be shipped to other parts of the country and world during the medieval period.
MARPOL 73/78
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" (short for "marine pollution") is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. It was developed by the International Maritime Organization with an objective to minimize pollution of the oceans and seas, including dumping, oil and air pollution.

The original MARPOL was signed on 17 February 1973, but did not come into force at the signing date. The current convention is a combination of 1973 Convention and the 1978 Protocol, which entered into force on 2 October 1983. As of January 2018, 156 states are parties to the convention, being flag states of 99.42% of the world's shipping tonnage.

All ships flagged under countries that are signatories to MARPOL are subject to its requirements, regardless of where they sail, and member nations are responsible for vessels registered on their national ship registry.

Oil discharge monitoring equipment
Oil discharge monitoring equipment (ODME) is based on a measurement of oil content in the ballast and slop water, to measure conformance with regulations.  The apparatus is equipped with a GPS, data recording functionality, an oil content meter and a flow meter.  By use of data interpretation, a computing unit will be able to allow the discharge to continue or it will stop it using a valve outside the deck.
Bagpipe theorem
In mathematics, the bagpipe theorem of Peter Nyikos (1984) describes the structure of the connected (but possibly non-paracompact) ω-bounded surfaces by showing that they are "bagpipes": the connected sum of a compact "bag" with several "long pipes".

Long line (topology)
In topology, the long line (or Alexandroff line) is a topological space somewhat similar to the real line, but in a certain sense "longer".  It behaves locally just like the real line, but has different large-scale properties (e.g., it is neither Lindelöf nor separable). Therefore, it serves as an important counterexample in topology. Intuitively, the usual real-number line consists of a countable number of line segments  laid end-to-end, whereas the long line is constructed from an uncountable number of such segments.
Cognitive retention therapy
Cognitive retention therapy (CRT),  also known as the Ashby Memory Method, is a cognitive therapy for dementia, based on the research of Dr. Mira Ashby. It is adapted from her programs for brain injury rehabilitation, for which she won the Order of Canada in 1984. CRT is a specifically tailored program to work for the damage done by Alzheimer's disease and other dementia. Combining word exercises, visual stimulation, a process called errorless learning, Stroop exercises and many other techniques from Dr. Ashby's research, CRT creates personalized activities based on participant's interests to stimulate all 5 senses. CRT is currently undergoing formal clinical studies, but has been presented at different seminars and conventions including the 28th National Conference of the Alzheimer Society of Canada in Toronto, Ontario; and has received positive feedback as a plausible treatment option.

Psychological therapies for dementia
Psychological therapies for dementia are starting to gain some momentum. Improved clinical assessment in early stages of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, increased cognitive stimulation of the elderly, and the prescription of drugs to slow cognitive decline have resulted in increased detection in the early stages. Although the opinions of the medical community are still apprehensive to support cognitive therapies in dementia patients, recent international studies have started to create optimism.
Flip or Flop
Flip or Flop is an American television series that aired on HGTV, hosted by the formerly-married couple Tarek El Moussa and Christina Haack. The program was the original show in the Flip or Flop franchise, debuting in 2013. The name is a reference to a type of footwear, flip-flops.

On November 5, 2020, the series was renewed for a tenth season, which premiered on December 2, 2021. It was later announced that the series would end after ten seasons on March 17, 2022, but that hosts El Moussa and Hall would continue to work on their solo series.

Flip or Flop (franchise)
Flip or Flop is a television franchise of television programs. With the exception of Flip or Flop: Follow Up, each series follows a format, with couples in different parts of the United States purchasing homes, flipping them, and reselling.

As of December 29, 2017, 132 episodes of the Flip or Flop franchise have aired.
Samuel C. Bradford
Samuel Clement Bradford (10 January 1878 in London – 13 November 1948) was a British mathematician, librarian and documentalist at the Science Museum in London. He developed "Bradford's law" (or the "law of scattering") regarding differences in demand for scientific journals. This work influences bibliometrics and citation analysis of scientific publications. Bradford founded the British Society for International Bibliography (BSIB) (est. 1927) and he was elected president of International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) in 1945. Bradford was a strong proponent of Universal Decimal Classification and of establishing abstracts of the scientific literature.

He became head of the Science Library in 1925 and became Keeper of the Science Library in 1930. He was succeeded in this role by Ernest Lancaster-Jones in 1935.

Ernest Lancaster-Jones
Ernest Lancaster-Jones (8 November, 1891, Radcliffe, Greater Manchester–1945) was a curator at the Science Museum, London. He was Keeper of Physics at the museum in 1923 and developed a taxonomy for the museum's acoustics collection using five sections: the production, control, recording and measurement of sound, as well as how acoustics were applied in science, technology and industry. In 1935 he succeeded Samuel C. Bradford as Keeper of the Science Library.
Sir Augustus Warren, 2nd Baronet
Sir Augustus Louis Carré Warren, 2nd Baronet (1754 – 30 January 1821) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Warren was the son of Sir Robert Warren, 1st Baronet and Mary Carré. He married Mary Bernard, daughter of James Bernard and Esther Smith, in 1778.

He was the Member of Parliament for Cork City in the Irish House of Commons between 1783 and 1790. In 1811 Warren succeeded to his father's baronetcy. He was succeeded by his eldest son, also called Augustus.

Sir Robert Warren, 1st Baronet
Sir Robert Warren, 1st Baronet JP (20 August 1723 – 1811) was an Anglo-Irish landowner and businessman who owned Warrenscourt House (which was bought by his grandfather, Wallis Warren, in 1703) and Crookstown House (which he inherited from his father's marriage to Anne Crooke) in County Cork.
Tudor House, Langport
The Tudor House is an 18th-century house in Langport, Somerset, England.

It was built in 1776 but had fallen into disrepair until it was bought and restored by the Somerset Buildings Preservation Trust in 1991 and is now a Grade II listed building.

Langport
Langport is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England, 5 miles (8 km) west of Somerton. The parish, which covers only part of the town, has a population of 3,578. Langport is contiguous with Huish Episcopi, a separate parish that includes much of the town's outskirts.
Plant hormone
Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and reproductive development. Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones. Went and Thimann coined the term "phytohormone" and used it in the title of their 1937 book.

Phytohormones occur across the plant kingdom, and even in algae, where they have similar functions to those seen in vascular plants ("higher plants"). Some phytohormones also occur in microorganisms, such as unicellular fungi and bacteria, however in these cases they do not play a hormonal role and can better be regarded as secondary metabolites.

Plant senescence
Plant senescence is the process of aging in plants. Plants have both stress-induced and age-related developmental aging.  Chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence reveals the carotenoids, such as anthocyanin and xanthophylls, which are the cause of  autumn leaf color in deciduous trees. Leaf senescence has the important function of recycling nutrients, mostly nitrogen, to growing and storage organs of the plant. Unlike animals, plants continually form new organs and older organs undergo a highly regulated senescence program to maximize nutrient export.
Mats Mõtslane
Mart Kiirats (6 January 1884 – 16 November 1956), also known by his pseudonym Mats Mõtslane, was an Estonian writer and politician.

Kiirats was born on 6 January 1884 in Tõstamaa in Pärnu County and became a writer. He was elected to the Estonian Provincial Assembly, which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia between 1917 and 1919; he served the full term and was the Secretary between 27 July and 25 October 1917. He did not sit in the newly formed Republic of Estonia's Asutav Kogu (Constituent Assembly), but was elected to the I Riigikogu, first legislature of the Estonian parliament, in 1920 as a member of the Farmers' Assemblies party. He stepped down on 12 April 1921 and was replaced by Jaan Saul. Kiirats died on 16 November 1956 in Vändra.

Jaan Saul
Jaan Saul (12 August 1866, in Kuigatsi Parish, Tartu County – 1 February 1954, in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of I Riigikogu, the Estonian parliament from 1920–1923. He became a Riigikogu member on 12 April 1921, replacing Mart Kiirats.
North Shore School District 112
North Shore School District 112 is an elementary school district in Highland Park and Highwood, Illinois, in the Chicago metropolitan area. The district serves approximately 3,800 students, from Pre-K through 8th grade, in nine schools.

Highland Park, Illinois
Highland Park is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, its population was 30,176.  As a suburb of Chicago, Highland Park is located on the North Shore of the Chicago metropolitan area, about 25 miles (40 km) north of downtown. According to the United States Census Bureau, the median household income in Highland Park exceeded an estimated $159,567 in 2022.
Paripāṭal
The Paripādal (Tamil: பரிபாடல், meaning the paripadal-metre anthology) is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the fifth of the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) in the Sangam literature. According to Tolkappiyam, Paripadal is a kind of verse dealing only with love (akapporul) and does not fall under the general classification of verses. It has a minimum of 25 lines and a maximum of 400 lines. It is an "akam genre", odd and hybrid collection which expresses love in the form of religious devotion (Bhakti) to gods and goddesses predominantly to Maha Vishnu and Murugan. According to Kamil Zvelebil, a Tamil literature and history scholar. This is the only anthology in the Eight Anthologies collection that is predominantly religious, though the other seven anthologies do contain occasional mentions and allusions to gods, goddesses and legends.

Vaigai River
Vaigai is a semi-perennial river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It flows through the districts of Theni, Dindigul, Madurai, Sivagangai, and Ramanathapuram in the southern part of the state. The city of Madurai is situated on the banks of the river. The river is 295 km (183 mi) long, with its drainage basin spread across 7,009 km2 (2,706 sq mi).

Vaigai originates in Varusanadu Hills of the Western Ghats, and flows north through the Cumbum Valley, between the Palani Hills to the north and the Varusanadu Hills to the south. It rounds the eastern corner of the Varushanad Hills, and turns southeast, running through southern Tamil Nadu. The river empties into the Palk Bay near Alagankulam in the Ramanathapuram district. During the 20th century, the river basin was extensively developed for irrigation, flood control, and the generation of hydroelectric power.
Kalam language
Kalam is a Kalam language of Papua New Guinea. It is closely related to Kobon, and shares many of the features of that language. Kalam is spoken in Middle Ramu District of Madang Province and in Mount Hagen District of Western Highlands Province.

Thanks to decades of studies by anthropologists such as Ralph Bulmer and others, Kalam is one of the best-studied Trans-New Guinea languages to date.

Karuka
The karuka (Pandanus julianettii, also called karuka nut and Pandanus nut) is a species of tree in the screwpine family (Pandanaceae) and an important regional food crop in New Guinea.  The nuts are more nutritious than coconuts, and are so popular that villagers in the highlands will move their entire households closer to trees for the harvest season.
Irish Land and Labour Association
The Irish Land and Labour Association (ILLA) was a progressive movement founded in the early 1890s in Munster, Ireland, to organise and pursue political agitation for small tenant farmers' and rural labourers' rights. Its branches also spread into Connacht. The ILLA was known under different names—Land and Labour Association (LLA) or League (LLL). Its branches were active for almost thirty years, and had considerable success in propagating labour ideals before their traditions became the basis for the new labour and trade unions movements, with which they gradually amalgamated.

Sir Thomas Russell, 1st Baronet
Sir Thomas Wallace Russell, 1st Baronet MP  (28 February 1841 – 2 May 1920) was an Irish politician and outspoken campaigner for agrarian reform. Born in Cupar, Fife, he moved to County Tyrone at the age of eighteen. He served as secretary and parliamentary agent of the Irish temperance movement and became well known as an anti-alcohol campaigner and as the proprietor of a temperance hotel in Dublin.
Éliane Reyes
Éliane Reyes (born 7 June 1977 in Verviers) is a Belgian pianist who is known both as a soloist and as a chamber musician. She is also currently Professor of Piano at both the Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles (Royal Conservatory of Brussels, Belgium) and the Conservatoire de Paris. In 2016, she was designated a Knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, by the French government.

Nicolas Bacri
Nicolas Bacri (born 23 November 1961) is a French composer who has written more than one hundred sixty works, including seven symphonies, eight cantatas, eleven string quartets, seven piano trios, five violin and piano sonatas and four violin concertos.
Cliona celata
Cliona celata, occasionally called the boring sponge, is a species of demosponge belonging the family Clionaidae. It is found worldwide. This sponge bores round holes up to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in diameter in limestone or the shells of molluscs, especially oysters. The sponge itself is often visible as a rather featureless yellow or orange lump at the bottom of the hole.

Clionaidae
Clionaidae is a family of ectoparasitic demosponges which are found worldwide. This group of sponges are well known for boring holes in calcareous material such as mollusc shells and coral skeletons, using both chemical and mechanical processes.
Salchipapa
A salchipapa or salchipapas is a South American and Caribbean fast food dish commonly consumed as street food, typically consisting of thinly sliced pan-fried beef sausages and French fries, mixed together with a savory coleslaw on the side. The dish's name is a portmanteau of the Spanish words salchicha (sausage) and papa (potato). The dish is served with different sauces, such as ketchup, mayonnaise and mustard, crema de aceituna (olive sauce), along with aji or chili peppers. Sometimes a fried egg or cheese is added on top; it can also be served with tomato and lettuce, and is occasionally garnished with oregano.

French fries
French fries, or simply fries, also known as chips, and finger chips (Indian English), are batonnet or julienne-cut deep-fried potatoes of disputed origin. They are prepared by cutting potatoes into even strips, drying them, and frying them, usually in a deep fryer. Pre-cut, blanched, and frozen russet potatoes are widely used, and sometimes baked in a regular or convection oven, such as an air fryer.

French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars. They are typically salted and may be served with ketchup, vinegar, mayonnaise, tomato sauce, or other sauces. Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine, loaded fries or chili cheese fries, and are occasionally made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes.
MafB toxins
MafB toxins are exotoxins secreted by pathogenic Neisseria species (including meningococcus and gonococcus).

MafB toxins belong to the category of polymorphic toxins. The N-terminal region of MafB proteins harbors a domain of unknown function named DUF1020 while the C-terminal region is variable and harbors a toxic domain. MafB toxins are involved in interbacterial competition.

Polymorphic toxins
Polymorphic toxins (PTs) are multi-domain proteins primarily involved in competition between bacteria but also involved in pathogenesis when injected in eukaryotic cells.  They are found in all major bacterial clades.

Bacteria live in complex multispecies communities such as biofilms and human-associated microbiotas. The dynamics and structure of these communities are greatly influenced by interbacterial competition through the secretion of toxic effectors.  Bacteria have evolved several systems to outcompete their neighbors by poisoning them through a contact-dependent killing (including effectors of type V and VI secretion systems) or the release of soluble toxins (including colicins) in the environment.
Brent Fikowski
Brent Fikowski is a Canadian CrossFit athlete known for his eight appearances at the CrossFit Games. He finished second behind Mat Fraser at the 2017 Crossfit Games, and third in 2021 and 2024.

He serves as the president of the Professional Fitness Athlete's Association.

Mat Fraser (athlete)
Mathew Edward Fraser (born 1990) is a retired Canadian-American professional CrossFit athlete, competing from 2014 to 2020. Fraser is the first athlete to have won five CrossFit Games titles, winning the 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 CrossFit Games consecutively. He is widely considered to be the most dominant and successful individual male athlete in the sport of CrossFit.

Fraser has a background in Olympic weightlifting and was a junior national champion. He made his debut at the 2014 CrossFit Games and took second place after a strong performance.  He was a favorite to win in 2015 with the retirement of four-time defending champion Rich Froning Jr., but was edged out in the final event by Ben Smith. The following year, Fraser took first place by a record margin, and won all the following four CrossFit Games. The 2020 Games were his final Games, which he won with a greatly extended record margin of victory of 545 points, and set a record of five consecutive championships wins.
Diana Albers
Diana Albers is an American comic book letterer. She is  best known for lettering hundreds of books for Marvel Comics from the late-1970s to the mid-1990s. Comics she lettered include Iron Man #114 (Sept. 1978), Ghost Rider #45 (June 1980), Doctor Strange #46 (April 1981), Captain America #318 (June 1986), Alpha Flight #128 (Jan. 1994), and The Mighty Thor #482 (Jan. 1995).

Letterer
A letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators responsible for drawing the comic book's text. The letterer's use of typefaces, calligraphy, letter size, and layout all contribute to the impact of the comic-book-reading experience. The letterer crafts the comic's "display lettering": the story's title lettering, creator credits, and any specialized captions that appear on the story's first page. They also craft the lettering that appears in the word balloons, also designing the various sound effects that appear within the comic book story. Many letterers also design logos for the comic book company's various titles.
Vehbi Koç Foundation
The Vehbi Koç Foundation (Turkish: Vehbi Koç Vakfı) is one of the biggest non-governmental charitable organizations in Turkey. It was established on January 17, 1969 by the Turkish entrepreneur and philanthropist Vehbi Koç (1901-1996). The foundation is active in the fields of education, healthcare and culture.

The board of directors is currently chaired by Semahat Arsel, the eldest daughter of Vehbi Koç. Executive committee's president is Suna Koç, another daughter. Erdal Yıldırım is the managing director of the foundation. The headquarters of the foundation is located at Nakkaştepe in Kuzguncuk, Istanbul.

Koç University
Koç University (Turkish: Koç Üniversitesi) is a private non-profit research university in Istanbul, Turkey. Koç University comprises the Colleges of Social Sciences and Humanities, Administrative Sciences and Economics, Science, Engineering, Law, Nursing and Medicine. Koç University offers 22 undergraduate, 43 master's and 30 Ph.D. programs. The university is home to more than 8,000 students. The university accepts international students from various countries and has a network of over 250 partner-universities including the University of California, Northwestern University, Cornell University and Georgetown University.

The majority of classes at Koç University, exceeding 95%, are taught in English, with only a few exceptions in the School of Law and the School of Nursing.