hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Romanov Family Association
The Romanov Family Association (RFA, frequently written as Romanoff; Russian: Объедине́ние чле́нов рода́ Рома́новых, romanized: Obyedinéniye chlénov rodá Románovykh) is an organization for descendants of the former Russian Imperial House.  It was created in 1979 and officially registered in Switzerland. The current head of the organization is Princess Olga Andreevna.

Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia
Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia (15 August [O.S. 2 August] 1901 –  7 July 1980) was the fourth son and fifth child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. He was a nephew of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
Dover High School (New Jersey)
Dover High School is a four-year public high school located in Dover in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades and operating as the lone secondary school of the Dover School District.

The high school serves students from Victory Gardens, which has been consolidated into the Dover School District since 2010. Students from Mine Hill Township attend the high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,167 students and 92.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.7:1. There were 611 students (52.4% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 81 (6.9% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Victory Gardens, New Jersey
Victory Gardens is a borough in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 1,582, an increase of 62 (+4.1%) from the 2010 census count of 1,520, which in turn reflected a decline of 26 (−1.7%) from the 1,546 counted in the 2000 census.

Victory Gardens is Morris County's smallest municipality, measured both by size and population, and its most densely populated. Additionally, the borough is the state's fourth-smallest municipality by area.
Charles Felix of Sardinia
Charles Felix (Italian: Carlo Felice Giuseppe Maria; 6 April 1765 – 27 April 1831) was the King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 12 March 1821 until his death in 1831. He was the last male-line member of the House of Savoy that started with Victor Amadeus I, and caused the line of Victor Amadeus I's younger brother Thomas Francis to seize the throne after Felix's death.

Strada statale 131 Carlo Felice
The Strada statale 131 (SS 131) is an Italian state highway 226.0 kilometres (140.4 mi) long in Italy. It is the major road in the region of Sardinia. It is a freeway that connects the towns of Porto Torres and Cagliari via Sassari, Macomer and Oristano. It is considered the "spinal cord" of Sardinia. It is a part of the E25 European route.
Hadži-Prodan's rebellion
Hadži-Prodan's rebellion (Serbian: Хаџи-Проданова буна/Hadži-Prodanova buna) was a Serbian rebellion against the Ottoman Empire, which took place from 27 September to 30 December 1814. It occurred between the First (1804–13) and Second (1815) uprisings of the Serbian Revolution. Despite the collapse of the First Uprising in 1813, tensions in the Sanjak of Smederevo ("Belgrade Pashalik") nevertheless persisted. In September 1814 a rebellion was launched by veteran Hadži-Prodan in the Požega nahija. Miloš Obrenović, another veteran, felt the time was not right for an uprising and did not provide assistance, instead aiding in the capture of the rebels. The rebellion soon failed and Hadži-Prodan fled to Austria. After the failure of the revolt, the Ottomans inflicted more persecution against the Serbs, including higher taxation and forced labor. In March 1815, Serbs had several meetings and decided upon a new rebellion, the Second Serbian Uprising.

Toma Vučić Perišić
Toma Vučić Perišić (Serbian: Тома Вучић Перишић; 1787–1859) was a Serbian politician, military leader during the Serbian Revolution, Freemason and one of the most powerful and influential individuals in Serbia of the 19th century. He was a governor (knez) of Gruža during the reign of Prince Miloš.
Polygamy (horse)
Polygamy (16 March 1971 – 1977) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse, best known for winning the classic Epsom Oaks in 1974. As a two-year-old in 1973, she showed promise by winning three races and finishing fourth in the Critérium des Pouliches. In the following spring she won the 1000 Guineas Trial Stakes and was narrowly beaten in the 1000 Guineas before winning the Oaks. She was retired after being beaten in her only subsequent race and died without producing a foal.

Gentle Thoughts (horse)
Gentle Thoughts (23 February 1971 – after 1985) was Kentucky-bred Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. After she showed promising, but unremarkable form in the early part of her two-year-old season, she established herself as one of the leading fillies of her generation in the autumn of 1973, recording consecutive Group One victories in the Flying Childers Stakes and Cheveley Park Stakes. At the end of the year she was the joint-best two-year-old filly in both Britain and Ireland. She failed to reproduce her form as a three-year-old and had little success as a broodmare.
Robertson County, Kentucky
Robertson County is a county located in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,193. Its county seat is Mount Olivet. The county is named for George Robertson, a Kentucky Congressman from 1817 to 1821. It is Kentucky's smallest county by both total area and by population.

Bracken County, Kentucky
Bracken County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,400. Its county seat is Brooksville. The county was formed in 1796.
Bracken County is included in the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
FIBA Saporta Cup
The FIBA Saporta Cup, founded as FIBA European Cup Winners Cup, was the name of the second-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, where the domestic National Cup winners, from all over Europe, played against each other. The competition was organized by FIBA Europe. It was named after the late Raimundo Saporta, a former Real Madrid director.

Raimundo Saporta
Raimundo Saporta Namías (16 December 1926 – 2 February 1997) was a Spanish professional club basketball administrator. After his death, FIBA and Real Madrid renamed both the continental second-tier level FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup and the Pabellón Ciudad Deportiva arena in his honor. Saporta received the Olympic Order 1985. In 1997, he was awarded the FIBA Order of Merit and in 2007, he was enshrined into the FIBA Hall of Fame as a contributor.
Cumulative frequency analysis
Cumulative frequency analysis is the analysis of the frequency of occurrence of values of a phenomenon less than a reference value. The phenomenon may be time- or space-dependent. Cumulative frequency is also called frequency of non-exceedance.

Cumulative frequency analysis is performed to obtain insight into how often a certain phenomenon (feature) is below a certain value. This may help in describing or explaining a situation in which the phenomenon is involved, or in planning interventions, for example in flood protection.

This statistical technique can be used to see how likely an event like a flood is going to happen again in a certain time frame in the future, based on how often it happened in the past. It can be adapted to bring in things like climate change causing wetter winters and drier summers.

Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that  will take a value less than or equal to .

Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is uniquely identified by a right-continuous monotone increasing function (a càdlàg function)  satisfying  and .

In the case of a scalar continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from negative infinity to . Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.
Lupinus cervinus
Lupinus cervinus is a species of lupine known by the common name Santa Lucia lupine. It is endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains in the Central Coast Ranges in California, where it is an uncommon member of the flora in the mountain forests. This is a hairy gray-green perennial herb growing up to 30–70 centimetres (12–28 in) tall. The erect stem is surrounded by clusters of spreading leaves. Each palmate leaf is made up of 4 to 8 leaflets up to 8 centimetres (3.1 in) long and 3 centimetres (1.2 in) wide, which is wider than the leaflets of most lupines. The inflorescence bears many flowers, sometimes in whorls, each between 1 centimetre (0.39 in) and 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long. The flower is often bright pink, but may be shades of blue to nearly white. There is often a yellow patch on the banner. The fruit is a hairy legume pod up to 6 centimetres (2.4 in) long.

Lupinus
Lupinus, commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet, is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centres of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centres occur in North Africa and the Mediterranean. They are widely cultivated both as a food source and as ornamental plants, but are invasive to some areas. For instance, lupine has become an ecological problem in Iceland since the beginning of the 21st century.
Overton, Nevada
Overton is a community that is part of the unincorporated town of Moapa Valley in Clark County, Nevada.  Overton is on the north end of Lake Mead. It is home to Perkins Field airport and Echo Bay Airport.

Lost City Museum
The Lost City Museum, formerly known as the Boulder Dam Park Museum, is located in Overton, Nevada and is one of seven museums managed by the Nevada Division of Museums and History, an agency of the Nevada Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs.
Illegality in English law
In the law of England and Wales, illegality is a potential ground in contract, tort, trusts or company law for a court to refuse to enforce an obligation. The illegality of a transaction, either because of public policy under the common law, or because of legislation, potentially means no action directly concerning the deal will be heard by the courts. The doctrine is reminiscent of the Latin phrase ex turpi causa non oritur actio, meaning "no cause of action arises from a wrong". The primary problem arising when courts refuse to enforce an agreement is the extent to which an innocent party may recover any property already conveyed through the transaction. Hence, illegality raises important questions for the law of unjust enrichment.

English tort law
English tort law concerns the compensation for harm to people's rights to health and safety, a clean environment, property, their economic interests, or their reputations. A "tort" is a wrong in civil law, rather than criminal law, that usually requires a payment of money to make up for damage that is caused. Alongside contracts and unjust enrichment, tort law is usually seen as forming one of the three main pillars of the law of obligations.

In English law, torts like other civil cases are generally tried in front a judge without a jury.
Nusplingen Limestone
The Nusplingen Limestone (German: Nusplingen Plattenkalk) is a geological formation in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It preserves fossils dating to the Kimmeridgian age of the Late Jurassic. It mainly consists of lithographic limestones deposited in a marine basin, similar to the Solnhofen Limestone. Fossils of pterosaurs, thalattosuchians, and the oldest geophilomorph centipede Eogeophilus were found in the Nusplingen Limestone.

Eogeophilus
Eogeophilus ("dawn earth lover") is an extinct genus of geophilid centipede that was discovered in the Nusplingen Limestone of Germany. It is a monotypic genus, with only type species Eogeophilus jurassicus known.
AAA (band)
AAA (pronounced Triple A; also an acronym for Attack All Around) is a Japanese pop group signed to the label Avex Trax which debuted in September 2005. The name has the meaning of "challenging everything" or "against all odds", and the group is marketed by their label as a "super performance unit".

The group was formed through Avex's own auditions, and originally consisted of five young men and three young women who had appeared in commercials and/or had prior experience as backup dancers for other Japanese stars, such as Ayumi Hamasaki and Ami Suzuki.

777: Triple Seven
777: Triple Seven (stylized 777 ～TRIPLE SEVEN～) is the seventh studio album by Japanese music group AAA. The album spawned four singles prior to its release—"Charge & Go! / Lights", "Sailing", "Still Love You", and "777 (We Can Sing a Song!)"—which all charted within the top five spots of the Oricon weekly singles chart.

777: Triple Seven was released on August 22, 2012, in six editions: a CD-only edition, a CD and two-DVD limited edition, a CD and Blu-ray limited edition, a CD and DVD edition, a Playbutton edition, and a two-CD Mu-Mo edition. The album debuted at number two on the Oricon weekly albums chart and the Billboard Japan Top Albums.
Churchmen's Committee for Decent Publications
The Churchmen's Committee for Decent Publications was a Protestant pro-censorship, anti-pornography advocacy group in the United States. It was a contemporary of the Roman Catholic National Organization for Decent Literature and the National Legion of Decency.

National Organization for Decent Literature
The National Organization for Decent Literature was an American pressure group active in campaigning for the censorship of literature. A successor organization to the National Legion of Decency, it was largely led by Roman Catholic priests. The NODL was founded in 1938, and ran until the late 1960s. It campaigned against pulp magazines, comic books and what its leaders saw as indecent literature in general.

The organization periodically published lists of "Publications Disapproved". Works on these lists were widely eschewed by booksellers and distributors. Among the disapproved works were those by respected literary figures such as James T. Farrell, William Faulkner, and Edmund Wilson.

In March 1942 it put Sensation Comics on its blacklist of Publications Disapproved for Youth for one reason: Wonder Woman was not sufficiently dressed.
Cumberland Narrows
The Cumberland Narrows (or simply The Narrows) is a water gap in western Maryland in the United States, just west of Cumberland. Wills Creek cuts through the central ridge of the Wills Mountain Anticline at a low elevation here between Wills Mountain to the north and Haystack Mountain to the south. Cliffs and talus of the two mountains' Tuscarora quartzite caprock are prominent within the Narrows. A prominent rocky outcropping at the south end of Wills Mountain in the Cumberland Narrows is known as Lover's Leap.

The geological features of the Narrows provide Cumberland a western backdrop of the two mountains with a narrow gap between them.

Lover's Leap
Lover's Leap, or (in plural) Lovers' Leap, is a toponym given to a number of locations of varying height, usually isolated, with the risk of a fatal fall and the possibility of a deliberate jump. Legends of romantic tragedy are often associated with a Lover's Leap.
Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church (Steubenville, Ohio)
Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church is a historic Greek Orthodox church building near downtown Steubenville, Ohio, United States.  Constructed for a large Methodist Episcopal congregation in the early twentieth century, it was acquired by the present occupants in 1945.  Featuring Neoclassical elements such as a large dome and a prominent colonnade, it has been named a historic site.

Steubenville, Ohio
Steubenville (/ˈstjuːbənvɪl/ STEW-bən-vil) is a city in Jefferson County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Ohio River 33 miles (53 km) west of Pittsburgh, it had a population of 18,161 at the 2020 census. The Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area has an estimated 113,000 residents. The city's name is derived from Fort Steuben, a 1786 fort that sat within the city's current limits and was named for Prussian military officer Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.

Steubenville's nickname is the "City of Murals" after its more than 25 downtown murals. Historically, it was known as the hometown of Edwin Stanton, secretary of war during the American Civil War, as well as popular Rat Pack entertainer Dean Martin. It has recently attracted attention for the Steubenville Nutcracker Village, an annual Christmastime event. It is home to the campus of Franciscan University of Steubenville.
Qukës
Qukës is a former municipality in the Elbasan County, eastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Prrenjas. The population at the 2011 census was 8,211. The municipal unit consists of the villages Berzheshte, Dritaj, Fanje, Gurre, Karkavec, Menik, Pishkash, Pishkash Veri, Qukës-Shkumbin, Qukës-Skenderbej and Skroske. In the later Ottoman era about a quarter of the city of Qukes itself was Bektashi. Via Egnatia [5] passes through Qukës, which was a very important trade route in the Balkans during the conquest of the Roman Empire.

Prrenjas
Prrenjas (also written Përrenjas, Albanian definite form: Përrenjasi) is a town and a municipality in Elbasan County, eastern Albania. The municipality was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Prrenjas, Qukës, Rrajcë and Stravaj, that became municipal units. The seat of the municipality is the town Prrenjas. The total population is 24,906 (2011 census), in a total area of 323.17 km2. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 5,847.
Copper cartels
Since 1870, there have been several formal attempts to restrict the copper output and raise, in this form, its price.

This is a list of copper cartels in the 20th century:

Copper Export Association, CEA, 1918–1923

Copper Exporters, Inc., CEI, 1926–1932

International Copper Cartel, ICC, 1935–1939 (created by the World Copper Agreement)

Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries, CIPEC, 1967–1988

Prior to the rise of copper prices in late 2003 as part of the 2000s commodities boom various copper mining companies exhibited cartel-like behaviour. This consisted of announcements made in late 2001 for production cuts for 2002 which were carried out, and a repetition of similar announcements for 2003 in late 2002.

Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries
The Intergovernmental Council of Countries Exporters of Copper (CIPEC) (French Conseil intergouvernemental des pays exportateurs de cuivre) was created in 1967 in Lusaka with the objective of coordinating policies of the country members looking for growth in the revenues coming from copper.
Nemesis (DC Comics)
Nemesis is the name of two fictional characters in the DC Comics universe. Thomas Andrew Tresser first appeared in The Brave and the Bold #166 (September 1980) and was created by Cary Burkett and Dan Spiegle. Soseh Mykros first appeared in JSA Annual #1 (October 2000) and was created by David S. Goyer and Uriel Caton.

Sarge Steel
Sarge Steel is a detective/spy character published by Charlton Comics during the 1960s. As he was published during the time of Charlton's Action Heroes line of superheroes, and had loose ties to some, he is sometimes included with that group. He was purchased by DC Comics along with the other "Action Heroes".

Sarge (short for "Sargent" as in "Sargent Shriver") Steel has a mechanical left hand. As Dick Giordano stated in the editorial page of L.A.W. #4 he was created by Pat Masulli, and later written and drawn by Joe Gill and artist Dick Giordano. Other artists, including the team of Bill Montes and Ernie Bache, would later take over.
Civic Center/UN Plaza station
Civic Center/UN Plaza station (often Civic Center station) is a combined BART and Muni Metro rapid transit station in the Market Street subway in downtown San Francisco. Located under Market Street between 7th Street and 8th Street, it is named for the Civic Center neighborhood and the adjacent United Nations Plaza. The three-level station has a large fare mezzanine level, with separate platform levels for Muni Metro and BART below.

The station is served by the BART Red, Yellow, Green, and Blue lines, and the Muni Metro J Church, K Ingleside, L Taraval, M Ocean View, N Judah, and S Shuttle lines.

Civic Center, San Francisco
The Civic Center in San Francisco, California, United States is an area located a few blocks north of the intersection of Market Street and Van Ness Avenue that contains many of the city's largest government and cultural institutions. It has two large plazas (Civic Center Plaza and United Nations Plaza) and a number of buildings in classical architectural style. The Bill Graham Civic Auditorium (formerly the Exposition Auditorium), the United Nations Charter was signed in the Veterans Building's Herbst Theatre in 1945, leading to the creation of the United Nations. It is also where the 1951 Treaty of San Francisco (the peace treaty that officially ended the Pacific War with the Empire of Japan, which had surrendered in 1945) was signed. The San Francisco Civic Center was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987 and listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1978.
Kid Phenomenon from Exile Tribe
Kid Phenomenon from Exile Tribe (Japanese: キッド フェノメノン フロム エグザイル トライブ, stylized as KID PHENOMENON from EXILE TRIBE) is a seven-member boy band formed in 2022. The group is part of the collective Exile Tribe, managed by LDH. They released their debut single "Wheelie" in August 2023.

LDH (company)
LDH JAPAN Inc. (株式会社LDH JAPAN) is a Japanese management and entertainment company founded by the six original members of Japanese boy group Exile in 2003. The president is Hiroyuki Igarashi, the leader of the Exile. The name "LDH" is an acronym of "Love + Dream + Happiness". The company operates several boy bands and girl groups and a talent school named "EXPG".

In January 2017, the company changed its name to LDH Japan and established overseas branches in United States, Asia, and Europe. They established a new company called LDH World, the parent company of the four branches. For LDH World, Hiro took on the role of chief creative officer, while Verbal, NIGO and Dr. Romanelli (aka DRx) were appointed as executive creative directors. Masataka Mori was appointed as the CEO of LDH Japan, Makoto Matsuda as the CEO of LDH Asia, Afrojack as the CEO of LDH Europe and Hirotaka Mori as the CEO of LDH USA.
Aranuka Airport
Aranuka Airport (IATA: AAK, ICAO: NGUK) is an airport, located approximately one kilometre north of the centre of Buariki village on the island of Buariki, Aranuka, Kiribati.

The airport is served twice a week by Air Kiribati from Kuria Airport on Kuria. From there, the aircraft continues twenty minutes after having landed to Bonriki International Airport, Tarawa.

Aranuka
Aranuka is an atoll of Kiribati, located just north of the equator, in the Gilbert Islands. It has an area of 11.6 square kilometres (4.5 square miles) and a population of 1,057 in 2010.  By local tradition, Aranuka is the central island of the Gilbert group.
Elizabeth Pulley
Elizabeth Rope (née Pulley) (1762–1837) was a First Fleet convict sentenced in 1783 at Thetford Norfolk to 7 years transportation for theft. She was transported to New South Wales on the Friendship and the Prince of Wales, disembarking in Sydney Cove on 6 February 1788. In May that year she married Anthony Rope, a convict from the Alexander, and the family became pioneering settlers.

Anthony Rope
Anthony Rope (1756–1843) was a First Fleet convict sentenced to seven-years transportation in 1785, and arrived at Sydney Cove, New South Wales in January 1788. He became a pioneering farmer in the Hawkesbury district and lived to be almost 87 years of age. The waterway Ropes Creek and Sydney suburb Ropes Crossing are named after him.