hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahmad Shah Qajar
Ahmad Shah Qajar (Persian: احمد شاه قاجار‎; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was the shah of Iran (Persia) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the seventh and final ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.

Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 January 1898 and ascended the throne at the age of 11 after the removal of his father Mohammad Ali Shah by the Parliament on 16 July 1909. Due to his young age, his uncle, Ali-Reza Khan, took charge of state affairs as Regent. Upon reaching the age of majority, Ahmad Shah was formally crowned on 21 July 1914.

Persian campaign (World War I)
The Persian campaign or invasion of Iran (Persian: اشغال ایران در جنگ جهانی اول) was a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire, British Empire and Russian Empire in various areas of what was then neutral Qajar Iran, beginning in December 1914 and ending with the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, as part of the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I. The fighting also involved local Persian units, who fought against the Entente and Ottoman forces in Iran. The conflict proved to be a devastating experience for Persia. Over 2 million Persian civilians died in the conflict, mostly due to the Persian famine of 1917–1919, influenced by British and Russian actions. The Qajar government's inability to maintain the country's sovereignty during and immediately after the First World War led to a coup d'état in 1921 and Reza Shah's establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty.
C. C. Catch
Caroline Catherine Müller (born 31 July 1964), known professionally as C. C. Catch, is a Dutch and German singer. She is known for her collaboration with Dieter Bohlen (one half of Modern Talking) in the 1980s.

Modern Talking
Modern Talking was a German pop duo consisting of arranger, songwriter and producer Dieter Bohlen and singer Thomas Anders. They have been referred to as Germany's most successful pop duo, and have had a number of hit singles, reaching the top 5 in many countries. Their most popular singles are "You're My Heart, You're My Soul", "You Can Win If You Want", "Cheri, Cheri Lady", "Brother Louie", "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" and "Geronimo's Cadillac".

Modern Talking worked together from 1983 to 1987, when they disbanded. They made a successful comeback, recording and releasing music again from 1998 to 2003. The duo released singles (many of which involved American rapper Eric Singleton) which again entered the top 10 in Germany and elsewhere, such as "You're My Heart, You're My Soul '98", a remake of the first version of their hit. By the duo's final break-up in 2003, they had reached 120 million of sales worldwide.
Birmingham station (Michigan)
Birmingham was an Amtrak train station in Birmingham, Michigan, served by the Wolverine service.  The station was located on an embankment at the eastern end of Villa Road, and consisted of a concrete platform with a small shelter and wheelchair lift. On October 13, 2014, the station was closed and replaced by the Troy Transit Center, located about 1,200 feet (370 m) southeast on Doyle Drive in Troy, Michigan.

Historically, Birmingham had been a station for frequent Grand Trunk Western passenger service from Detroit to Pontiac and Durand. Until 1960 the GTW operated trains that went beyond Durand to Grand Rapids, on to Muskegon, where ferries could be boarded, for travelling across Lake Michigan, to Milwaukee. At Durand Union Station passengers could transfer the La Salle and the Inter-City Limited to Chicago, to the Inter-City Limited to Toronto and to mixed trains bound for Saginaw and Bay City.

Troy Transit Center
The Troy Transit Center is an unstaffed train station in Troy, Michigan, United States, that is served by Amtrak's Wolverine, which runs thrice daily between Chicago, Illinois, and Pontiac, Michigan (via Kalamazoo, Ann Arbor, and Detroit, Michigan). It is also served by Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART). The transit center replaced the nearby Birmingham Amtrak station in October 2014.
McIDAS
McIDAS, the "Man computer Interactive Data Access System", is a weather forecasting tool developed at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 1970s and used continually to this day. In its early incarnations, it was widely used to generate graphics for television stations, but today is used primarily by the NOAA and related agencies. Users of the McIDAS system developed a similar version for microcomputers and sold by ColorGraphics Weather Systems that generated much of the computerized weather imagery seen on television in the US in the 1980s.

ColorGraphics Weather Systems
ColorGraphics Weather Systems was a computer graphics company that pioneered the use of computer graphics for displaying weather forecasts on local television. Formed in 1979 by Terry Kelly and Richard Daly, it is now part of Weather Central, another of Kelly's companies.
Eurypteridae
Eurypteridae is an extinct family of eurypterids that lived in the Silurian and Devonian periods. The family is one of three families contained in the superfamily Eurypteroidea (along with Dolichopteridae and Strobilopteridae), which in turn is one of the superfamilies classified as part of the suborder Eurypterina. The family contains two genera, Erieopterus and Eurypterus.

Eurypterus
Eurypterus (/jʊəˈrɪptərəs/ yoo-RIP-tər-əs) is an extinct genus of eurypterid, a group of organisms commonly called "sea scorpions". The genus lived during the Silurian period, from around 432 to 418 million years ago. Eurypterus is by far the most well-studied and well-known eurypterid. Eurypterus fossil specimens probably represent more than 95% of all known eurypterid specimens.

There are fifteen species belonging to the genus Eurypterus, the most common of which is E. remipes, the first eurypterid fossil discovered and the state fossil of New York.

Members of Eurypterus averaged at about 13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 in) in length, but the largest individual discovered was estimated to be 60 cm (24 in) long. They all possessed spine-bearing appendages and a large paddle they used for swimming. They were generalist species, equally likely to engage in predation or scavenging.
Puelche (wind)
A Puelche wind (in Spanish, viento puelche) is a dry foehn-like eastern wind that occurs in south-central Chile. The wind owns its name from the Puelche people who inhabited the eastern slopes of the Andes. Puelche winds are mainly caused by South Pacific high pressure extending eastwards across the Andes and/or building a ridge to an area of high pressure centered over the South Atlantic. Puelche winds appearing in spring can cause fast snow melt in the Andes, producing floods and reducing the albedo of glaciers.

Foehn wind
A Foehn, or Föhn (German pronunciation: [føːn], UK: /fɜːn/, US: /feɪn/ fayn, US also /fʌn, fɜːrn/ fu(r)n), is a type of dry, relatively warm downslope wind in the lee of a mountain range. It is a rain shadow wind that results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air that has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (see orographic lift). As a consequence of the different adiabatic lapse rates of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the windward slopes.

Foehn winds can raise temperatures by as much as 14 °C (25 °F) in just a matter of hours. Switzerland, southern Germany, and Austria have a warmer climate due to the Foehn, as moist winds off the Mediterranean Sea blow over the Alps.
Uldalsåna
Uldalsåna is a lake on the border of the municipalities of Birkenes and Froland in Agder county, Norway.  It is part of the Tovdalselva river drainage basin. On the southeastern end of the lake, there is a hydroelectric dam which releases water into the waterfall, Hanefoss, on its way down to the lake Herefossfjorden near the village of Herefoss.  The lake is fed by the rivers Rettåna and Skjeggedalsåna.  The lake Nystølfjorden flows into the river Skjeggedalsåna.

Froland
Froland is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Sørlandet. The administrative center is the village of Blakstad, which along with Osedalen form the main population center of the municipality. Other villages in Froland include Bøylefoss, Bøylestad, Froland, Frolands verk, Heldalsmo, Hinnebu, Hynnekleiv, Jomås, Lauvrak, Libru, Løvjomås, Mjåvatn, Mjølhus, Mykland, and Risdal.

The 645-square-kilometre (249 sq mi) municipality is the 176th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Froland is the 155th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,174. The municipality's population density is 10.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (27/sq mi) and its population has increased by 13.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Greenbelt (Ottawa)
The Greenbelt is a 203.5-square-kilometre (78.6 sq mi) protected green belt traversing Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  It includes green space, forests, farms, and wetlands from Shirleys Bay in the west and to Green's Creek in the east. It is the largest publicly owned green belt in the world and the most ecologically diverse area in Eastern Ontario. The National Capital Commission (NCC) owns and manages 149.5 square kilometres (57.7 sq mi), and the rest is held by other federal government departments and private interests. Real estate development within the Greenbelt is strictly controlled.

The Greenbelt lies within eight kilometers of Parliament Hill in downtown Ottawa and ranges in width from two to ten kilometers. It encircles many of the oldest communities in the City of Ottawa, and covers the same amount of land as the urbanized area of Ottawa that it surrounds.

National Capital Commission
The National Capital Commission (NCC; French: Commission de la capitale nationale, CCN) is the Crown corporation responsible for development, urban planning, and conservation in Canada's Capital Region (Ottawa, Ontario and Gatineau, Quebec), including administering most lands and buildings owned by the Government of Canada in the region.

The NCC is the capital's largest property owner, owning and managing over 11% of all lands in the Capital Region. It also owns over 1,600 properties in its real estate portfolio, including the capital's six official residences; commercial, residential and heritage buildings; and agricultural facilities.

The NCC reports to the Parliament of Canada through whichever minister in the Cabinet of Canada is designated responsible for the National Capital Act, currently the Minister of Public Services and Procurement.
Liquid alternative investment
Liquid alternatives are alternative investment strategies that are available through alternative investment vehicles such as mutual funds, ETFs, and closed-end funds that provide daily liquidity. Liquid alts are also known as 40 Act funds because they were created by the U.S. Congress in 1940.

Alternative investment
An alternative investment, also known as an alternative asset or alternative investment fund (AIF), is an investment in any asset class excluding capital stocks, bonds, and cash.

The term is a relatively loose one and includes tangible assets such as precious metals, collectibles (art, wine, antiques, vintage cars, coins, watches, musical instruments, or stamps) and some financial assets such as real estate, commodities, private equity, distressed securities, hedge funds, exchange funds, carbon credits, venture capital, film production, financial derivatives, cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens, and Tax Receivable Agreements. Investments in real estate, forestry and shipping are also often termed "alternative" despite the ancient use of such real assets to enhance and preserve wealth. Alternative investments are to be contrasted with traditional investments.
Quiliano
Quiliano (Ligurian: Cuggen) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Savona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,225 and an area of 49.5 square kilometres (19.1 sq mi).

The municipality of Quiliano contains these frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) : Cadibona, astride the watershed between the Alps and Apennines,  Valleggia, Montagna, Roviasca, Faia and Tiassano.

In the environs of Quiliano remain several Roman archaeological sites: a Roman bridge still functions in the valley of Quazzola and remains of a Roman villa may be seen at San Pietro in Carpignano.

Quiliano borders the following municipalities: Altare, Mallare, Orco Feglino, Savona, Vado Ligure, and Vezzi Portio.

Vezzi Portio
Vezzi Portio (Ligurian: Vessi Portio) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southwest of Savona.

Vezzi Portio borders the following municipalities: Finale Ligure, Noli, Orco Feglino, Quiliano, Spotorno, and Vado Ligure.
Konda Hakuchō Haniwa Production Site
The Konda Hakuchō Haniwa Production Site (誉田白鳥埴輪製作遺跡, Konda Hakuchō haniwa seisaku iseki) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Kofun period factory for the production of haniwa clay funerary pottery, located in what is now the Hakucho neighborhood of the city of Habikino in Osaka Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. It received protection as a National Historic Site in 1973, with the area under protection expanded in 1975.

Habikino
Habikino (羽曳野市, Habikino-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 109,479 in 50918 households and a population density of 4100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 26.45 square kilometres (10.21 sq mi). The city is known for its grapes, and also for its large number of ancient kofun burial mounds. The city is also sometimes referred to by its former name Minami-Osaka (南大阪).
Cyatheales
The order Cyatheales, which includes most tree ferns, is a taxonomic order of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms from a vertical rhizome, others have shorter or horizontal expanding rhizomes.

Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs. However, most plants in the Cyatheales are tree ferns and have trunk-like stems up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It is unclear how many times the tree form has evolved and been lost in the order.

Cibotium
Cibotium (from Greek κιβώτιον, kibṓtion, "little chest" or "box"), also known as manfern, is a genus of 11 species of tropical tree ferns. It is the only genus in family Cibotiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family may be treated as the subfamily Cibotioideae of a very broadly defined family Cyatheaceae, the family placement used for the genus in Plants of the World Online as of November 2019.
Castlederg railway station
Castlederg railway station served Castlederg in  County Tyrone in Northern Ireland.

The Castlederg and Victoria Bridge Tramway opened the station on 4 July 1884.

It consisted of a station house (extant), goods store, engine house (location of Lyons Bros garage) and Managers house (extant, 54°42′31″N 7°35′20″W﻿ / ﻿54.708566°N 7.588861°W﻿ / 54.708566; -7.588861)

The last services operated on 30 January 1933. The staff went on strike on 31 January, and the line never reopened. It closed formally on 17 April 1933.

Castlederg
Castlederg (earlier Caslanadergy, from Irish Caisleán na Deirge, meaning 'castle on the Derg') is a town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies on the River Derg and is near the border with County Donegal, Ireland. It stands in the townlands of Castlesessagh and Churchtown, in the historic barony of Omagh West and the civil parish of Urney. The town has a ruined castle and two ancient tombs known as the Druid's Altar and Todd's Den. It had a population of 2,980 people at the 2021 census.

The town hosts some of the district's key events each year, including the Derg Vintage Rally, Dergfest music festival, Red River Festival and the traditional Apple Fair.

Castlederg was a traveller's stop along the ancient pilgrimage route to Station Island on Lough Derg. The town boasts ancient ruins and monastic settlements.
Radegast, Saxony-Anhalt
Radegast (German: [ˈʁaːdəˌɡast] ⓘ) is a small town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is the smallest town in Saxony-Anhalt and is located about 13 km south of the district capital of Köthen. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Südliches Anhalt.

Südliches Anhalt
Südliches Anhalt (German pronunciation: [ˌzyːtlɪçəs ˈʔanhalt], lit. 'Southern Anhalt') is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2010 by the merger of the former municipalities Edderitz, Fraßdorf, Glauzig, Großbadegast, Hinsdorf, Libehna, Maasdorf, Meilendorf, Prosigk, Quellendorf, Radegast, Reupzig, Riesdorf, Scheuder, Trebbichau an der Fuhne, Weißandt-Gölzau, Wieskau, and Zehbitz. On 1 September 2010, the former municipalities Gröbzig, Görzig, and Piethen joined the town.
Odense Bulldogs
The Odense Bulldogs are a professional ice hockey team based in Odense, Denmark. They currently play in Ret&Råd Fyn Arena in the Bolbro area, as a part of the best Danish league Metal Ligaen, and they are furthermore the only hockey team from Funen. The team was founded in 1978 and was promoted to the top league in 1991. In the 2024/2025 season the Odense Bulldogs won their first ever Danish championship winning the final series 4-1 against Herning Blue Fox. The last time Odense Bulldogs was in the finals was in the 2011/2012 season, also against Herning Blue Fox who claimed the title winning three games in a row to make the series 4-3.

Odense Isstadion
Odense Isstadion ('Odense Ice Stadium'), also known as Spar Nord Arena for sponsorship reasons, is an ice hockey arena in Bolbro, Odense, Denmark. It has previously been known as VinMedKant Arena, Bryggeriet Vestfyen Arena, and Albani Arena for sponsorship reasons. The arena is used for ice hockey as well as figure skating and serves as the home ice of the Odense Bulldogs and Odense Ishockey Klub (OIK). Odense Isstadion has a 3,280 spectator capacity, of which 1,024 are seated.

The venue also features a secondary hall, commonly noted as Odense Hal 1, which is used for ice hockey, figure skating, and curling. The secondary rink has a total capacity of 1,250 spectators, of which 350 are seated.
Sint-Amands
Sint-Amands (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌsɪnt ɑˈmɑnts]) is a town and a former municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp, Belgium. The municipality comprises the towns of Lippelo, Oppuurs and Sint-Amands proper. In 2021, Sint-Amands had a total population of 8,524. The total area is 15.58 km2. Sint-Amands is located at the right bank of the Scheldt river.

Effective 1 January 2019, Puurs and Sint-Amands were merged into the new municipality of Puurs-Sint-Amands.

Émile Verhaeren
Émile Adolphe Gustave Verhaeren (Dutch: [eːˈmilə vərˈɦaːrə(n)]; 21 May 1855 – 27 November 1916) was a Belgian poet and art critic who wrote in the French language. He was one of the founders of the school of Symbolism and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature on six occasions.
Anthracite iron
Anthracite iron or anthracite pig iron is iron extracted by the smelting together of anthracite coal and iron ore, that is using anthracite coal instead of charcoal in iron smelting. This was an important technical advance in the late-1830s, enabling a great acceleration of the Industrial Revolution in the United States and in Europe.

Catasauqua, Pennsylvania
Catasauqua, referred to colloquially as Catty, is a borough in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. Catasauqua's population was 6,518 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb of Allentown in the Lehigh Valley, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

In 1839, Catasauqua was the location of the first manufactured anthracite iron in the nation. The borough was settled in 1805 and chartered in 1853.
Earth's crust
Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, comprising less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume. It is the top component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates whose motion allows heat to escape the interior of Earth into space.

The crust lies on top of the mantle, a configuration that is stable because the upper mantle is made of peridotite and is therefore significantly denser than the crust. The boundary between the crust and mantle is conventionally placed at the Mohorovičić discontinuity, a boundary defined by a contrast in seismic velocity.

The temperature of the crust increases with depth, reaching values typically in the range from about 700 to 1,600 °C (1,292 to 2,912 °F) at the boundary with the underlying mantle. The temperature increases by as much as 30 °C (54 °F) for every kilometer locally in the upper part of the crust.

Crust (geology)
In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be defined based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).

The crusts of Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, the Moon and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.

Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts. Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust. These two types have different chemical compositions and physical properties and were formed by different geological processes.
City View (Pittsburgh)
City View is a 300 ft (91m) residential highrise in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was completed in 1964 and has 26 floors. It is tied with the Commonwealth Building and The Carlyle for the 26th tallest building in Pittsburgh.  It was designed by I.M. Pei. From its inception in 1964 until 2014 it was known as Washington Plaza.

The Carlyle (Pittsburgh)
The Carlyle is a 300 ft (91m) tall skyscraper at Fourth Avenue and Wood Street in Pittsburgh. It was completed in 1906 and has 21 floors. It is tied with Washington Plaza and the Commonwealth Building for 27th tallest building in the city.
Fact-Check Ghana
Fact-Check Ghana is a non-profit fact-checking project under the Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA). The first fact-checking project in Ghana was set up to promote fact-based public discourse, especially in the media landscape that has seen a significant increase in internet access. Fact-Check Ghana is headquartered in Accra and operates in the same newsroom with MFWA's investigative journalism project, The Fourth Estate. Fact-Check Ghana is a signatory to International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) principles

Media Foundation for West Africa
The Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) is an international non-governmental organisation based in Accra, Ghana, and was founded in 1997. The MFWA is a regional independent non-governmental organization. It is the biggest and most influential media development, and freedom of expression advocacy organisation in West Africa with national partner organisations in all 16 countries of the region. The MFWA is also the Secretariat of the Continental Network of the most Prominent Free Expression and Media Development Organisations in Africa, known at the Africa Freedom of Expression Exchange (AFEX) Network. It campaigns against violations and attacks on freedom of expression and promotes freedom of the press in West Africa. Kwame Karikari is the founder of the organization.