hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1957 Davis Cup America Zone
The America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1957 Davis Cup.

7 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. The United States defeated Brazil in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

1957 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1957 Davis Cup.

24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Belgium defeated Italy in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.
Formalist film theory
Formalist film theory is an approach to film theory that is focused on the formal or technical elements of a film: i.e., the lighting, scoring, sound and set design, use of color, shot composition, and editing. This approach was proposed by Hugo Münsterberg, Rudolf Arnheim, Sergei Eisenstein, and Béla Balázs. Today, formalist film theory is a recognized approach in film studies.

Film theory
Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of film or cinema studies that began in the 1920s by questioning the formal essential attributes of motion pictures; and that now provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large. Film theory is not to be confused with general film criticism, or film history, though these three disciplines interrelate. Although some branches of film theory are derived from linguistics and literary theory, it also originated and overlaps with the philosophy of film.
Reeves's pheasant
Reeves's pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) is a large pheasant within the genus Syrmaticus. It is endemic to China. It is named after the British naturalist John Reeves, who first introduced live specimens to Europe in 1831.

Syrmaticus
The  genus Syrmaticus contains the five species of long-tailed pheasants. The males have short spurs and usually red facial wattles, but otherwise differ wildly in appearance. The hens (females) and chicks of all the species have a rather conservative and plesiomorphic drab brown color pattern.
5 species are generally accepted in this genus.
Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout
In automotive design, an RR, or rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive, layout places both the engine and drive wheels at the rear of the vehicle. In contrast to the RMR layout, the center of mass of the engine is between the rear axle and the rear bumper. Although very common in transit buses and coaches due to the elimination of the drive shaft with low-floor buses, this layout has become increasingly rare in passenger cars.

Rear-wheel drive
Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. 
Most rear-wheel drive vehicles feature a longitudinally-mounted engine at the front of the car.
Recanto das Emas
Recanto das Emas is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. It is located to the westmost area of the Federal District, being bordered by Samambaia to the north, Riacho Fundo II to the east, Gama to the south, and the border to Goiás to the west. Recanto das Emas was founded on July 28, 1993, receiving the status of administrative region, according to Law 510, of July 28, 1993.

Riacho Fundo II
Riacho Fundo II is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. Riacho Fundo II was founded on May 6, 1995, receiving the status of administrative region, according to Law 3153, of May 6, 2003. It is bordered by Samambaia to the north, Riacho Fundo to the northeast, Park Way to the southeast, and Gama and Recanto das Emas to the southwest.
Youngstown, Pennsylvania
Youngstown is a borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Youngstown was incorporated on April 2, 1831. As of the 2020 census, Youngstown had a population of 252. The borough has its own post office, with zip code 15696, established on April 1, 1813.

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland County is a county in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census the population was 354,663. The county seat is Greensburg and the most populous community is Hempfield Township. It is named after Westmorland, a historic county of England. The county is part of the Southwest Pennsylvania region of the state.
2016–17 Sri Lanka FA Cup
The 2016–17 was the 55th season of Sri Lanka FA Cup, the top tier knockout football tournament in Sri Lanka. It was sponsored by Cargills for the 4th consecutive year, and known as Cargills Food City FA Cup. There were 672 clubs participating in 66 leagues around the country. The tournament began on 24 November 2016 with the preliminary round.

The defending champions were Army.

Sri Lanka FA Cup
The Sri Lanka FA Cup is an annual knockout cup competition in Sri Lankan football. It is the oldest association football competition in Sri Lanka. The Sri Lanka FA Cup is organised by the Football Federation of Sri Lanka.
Dizzy Reed
Darren Arthur "Dizzy" Reed (born June 18, 1963) is an American musician. He is best known as the keyboardist for the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he has played, toured, and recorded since 1990.

Aside from lead singer Axl Rose, Reed is the longest-standing member of Guns N' Roses, and was the only member of the band to remain from their Use Your Illusion era until the 2016 return of guitarist Slash and bass guitarist Duff McKagan.

In 2012, Reed was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses, although he did not attend the ceremony. He was also a member of the Australian-American supergroup The Dead Daisies with his Guns N' Roses bandmate Richard Fortus, ex-Whitesnake member Marco Mendoza, ex-Mötley Crüe frontman John Corabi and session drummer Brian Tichy.

Absurd (song)
"Absurd" (stylized as "ABSUЯD") is a song by the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, released as a single on August 6, 2021. The song marks the group's first release of new material since the release of Chinese Democracy in 2008. It is also the first new track to feature guitarist Slash and bassist Duff McKagan since the 1994 release of "Sympathy for the Devil". Originally written during the Chinese Democracy sessions, "Absurd" was first performed live in 2001 as "Silkworms". The reworked version made its live debut on August 3, 2021 in Boston.
Kuf Ab District
Kuf Ab (Dari: کوف‌آب) is one of the 28 districts of Badakhshan province in eastern Afghanistan.  It was created in 2005 from part of Khwahan and is home to approximately 25,243 residents.
This district borders with the Districts Khwahan, Shekay, Nusay, 
Maimay, Raghistan, and with the Tajik district of 
Darvoz Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province,  Tajikistan.

The capital of the district is the village of Qal`eh-ye Kuf.
During the early modern era Kuf Ab part of the Darwaz kingdom.

Maimay District
Maimay (Dari: مایمی), also known as Darwaz-e Payeen, or simply Darwaz, is a district in Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan. It was created in 2005 from part of Darwaz District. It is home to approximately 29,893 residents. Maimay borders the Kuf Ab, Raghistan, Shighnnan, and Nusay districts, along with some districts in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Tajikistan, including Vanj, Rushon, and Shughnon. The district was historically part of the Darwaz principality, a semi-independent statelet ruled by a mir.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Glacier County, Montana
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Glacier County, Montana.  It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Glacier County, Montana, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 39 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 National Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted April 11, 2025.

Glacier County, Montana
Glacier County is located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,778. The county is located in northwestern Montana between the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains, known to the Blackfeet as the "Backbone of the World". The county is geographically and culturally diverse and includes the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Glacier National Park, and Lewis and Clark National Forest. The county is bordered by 75 miles of international boundary with two ports of entry (Piegan and Del Bonita) open year-round and one seasonal (Chief Mountain) international border crossing into Alberta, Canada.
Cherry Street (Toronto)
Cherry Street is a north-south arterial roadway in the eastern downtown of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is situated in a former industrial area, that is now the site of redevelopment. It connects Eastern Avenue south to Lake Shore Boulevard (where a short section was subsumed into Lake Shore when it was extended east) then to the Toronto Port Lands district, and terminates at Lake Ontario at Cherry Beach.

Port Lands
The Port Lands (also known as Portlands) of Toronto, Ontario, Canada are an industrial and recreational neighbourhood located about 5 kilometres south-east of downtown, located on the former Don River delta and most of Ashbridge's Bay.

Approximate geographical borders are the Gardiner Expressway/Don Valley Parkway ramps to the north and west, Lake Shore Boulevard to the north, Lake Ontario on the three remaining sides: the Inner Harbour to the west, Ashbridge's Bay to the east and the open waters of Lake Ontario to the south. Landmarks include the Portlands Energy Centre, Leslie Barns (streetcar facility), Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant, and the now out-of-service Hearn Generating Station. There is also parkland such as Cherry Beach, the Leslie Street Spit and Biidaasige Park.
Wereldmuseum Leiden
Wereldmuseum Leiden (also known as Museum Volkenkunde) is a Rijksmuseum in the Netherlands located in the university city of Leiden. As of 2014, the museum, along with Wereldmuseum Amsterdam, in Amsterdam, and Wereldmuseum Rotterdam, together make up the National Museum of World Cultures.

Philipp Franz von Siebold
Jhr. Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (17 February 1796 – 18 October 1866) was a German physician, botanist and traveller. He achieved prominence by his studies of Japanese flora and fauna. He was the father of the first female Japanese doctor educated in Western medicine, Kusumoto Ine.
Butyrsky District
Butyrsky District  (Russian: Бутырский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of North-Eastern Administrative Okrug, and one of the 125 raions of Moscow, Russia. It is 6 km north of the Moscow city center, located just outside the third ring road, with Timiryazevsky District to the west and Marfino District and Maryina roshcha District to the east.  The area of the district is 5.04 square kilometers (1.95 sq mi).  Population: 68,700 (2017 est.).

North-Eastern Administrative Okrug
North-Eastern Administrative Okrug (Russian: Се́веро-Восто́чный администрати́вный о́круг, romanized: Severo-Vostochny administrativny okrug), or Severo-Vostochny Administrative Okrug, is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions (administrative okrugs) of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,359,508, up from 1,240,062 recorded during the 2002 Census.
Doolin
Doolin (Irish: Dúlainn) is a coastal village in County Clare, Ireland, on the Atlantic coast. It is southwest of the spa town of Lisdoonvarna and 4 miles from the Cliffs of Moher. It is a noted centre of traditional Irish music, which is played nightly in its pubs, making it a popular tourist destination. There are numerous nearby archaeological sites, many dating to the Iron Age and earlier. Doonagore Castle and Ballinalacken Castle are also in the area.  The area was officially classified as part of the West Clare Gaeltacht (an Irish-speaking community) prior to the 1950s, and maintains a connection with Irish-speaking areas - including via its maritime connection with the Aran Islands.

The Burren
The Burren (/ˈbʌrən/ BURR-ən; Irish: Boirinn, meaning 'rocky district') is a karst/glaciokarst landscape centred in County Clare, on the west coast of Ireland. It measures around 530 square kilometres (200 mi2), within the circle made by the villages of Lisdoonvarna, Corofin, Gort and Kinvara. The area includes such natural features as Mullaghmore hill and Ailladie cliffs, and historic monuments such as Poulnabrone dolmen and Caherconnell Stone Fort.
The Burren National Park covers a small part of the Burren and is the smallest of the eight National Parks in Ireland, while the adjacent territory, including the Cliffs of Moher, is included in the Burren and Cliffs of Moher Geopark.
The Saddle (Lochgoilhead)
The Saddle is a mountain near Lochgoilhead in The Ardgoil Peninsula in Argyll. It reaches a height of 520.6m and is in the Arrochar Alps.

56°7′56″N 4°51′21″W﻿ / ﻿56.13222°N 4.85583°W﻿ / 56.13222; -4.85583

Arrochar Alps
The Arrochar Alps are a group of mountains located around the heads of Loch Long, Loch Fyne, and Loch Goil. They are part of the Grampian Mountains range, which stretch across Scotland. The villages of Arrochar and Lochgoilhead are the nearest settlements.  Many of the mountains are located on the Cowal Peninsula in Argyll and Bute, west of Scotland.

The mountains are especially popular due to their proximity and accessibility from the central belt of Scotland including Glasgow. They are mostly within both the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park and also in the Argyll Forest Park.

The Glens that give access into the heart of the mountain range include: Glen Croe, Hell's Glen, Glen Mhor and Glen Kinglas.

The A83, a main trunk road to the west coast of Scotland passes through the area.  There is a train station nearby at Arrochar and Tarbet railway station.
Tax returns in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, a tax return is a document that must be filed with HM Revenue & Customs declaring liability for taxation. Different bodies must file different returns with respect to various forms of taxation. The main returns currently in use are:

SA100 for individuals paying income tax

SA800 for partnerships

SA900 for trusts and estates of deceased persons

CT600 for companies paying corporation tax

VAT100 for value added tax

Tax return
A tax return is a form on which a person or organization presents an account of income and circumstances, used by the tax authorities to determine liability for tax.

Tax returns are usually processed by each country's tax authority, known as a revenue service, such as the Internal Revenue Service in the United States, the State Taxation Administration in China, and HM Revenue and Customs in the United Kingdom.
Mens Sana Basketball Siena
Mens Sana Basketball Siena, also known simply as Mens Sana, is an Italian professional basketball club based in Siena. It is a section of the sports club Polisportiva Mens Sana, founded in 1871. Under the name Montepaschi Siena, derived from sponsor Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, the club was a dominant presence in the Italian Serie A, winning five titles in a row from 2006–07 to 2010–11, besides two more titles later revoked by the Italian Federation, whilst also challenging for titles in Europe.  After financial problems caused the club to go bankrupt in 2014, it moved down to the fourth division. In the 2015–16 season it played in the second division.

2003 Euroleague Final Four
The 2003 Euroleague Final Four was the concluding Euroleague Final Four tournament of the 2002–03 Euroleague season. The event was held from May 9 until May 11, 2003 and was hosted at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain. FC Barcelona won their first Euroleague title in their hometown city after beating Montepaschi Siena in the championship game.
Upma
Upma, uppumavu, uppindi, kharabath, upit, upeet, rulanv, uppuma, or uppittu is a dish of thick porridge from dry-roasted semolina or coarse rice flour. Upma originated from Southern India, and is most common in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Telangana. Various seasonings and vegetables may be added during cooking.

Like many South Indian dishes, upma has also become part of Sri Lankan culinary habits (particularly those of Sri Lankan Tamils) since the late 20th century, through the Indian influence.

Porridge
Porridge is a type of semi-solid food made by soaking, poaching or boiling, in milk or water, ground, crushed or chopped starchy plants, typically grain. Gruel is a thinner version of porridge, and congee is a savoury variation of porridge of Asian origin.

Porridge is often cooked with added flavourings such as sugar, honey, fruits or syrup to sweeten the cereal, or it can be mixed with spices, meat or vegetables to make a savoury dish. It is usually served hot in a bowl or a pot, depending on its consistency. Oat porridge, known as oatmeal in North America, is one of the most common types; while rice porridge is more common in Asia.
Ed Cermak
Edward Hugo Cermak (July 23, 1881 – November 22, 1911) was an American professional baseball player. He played in one game in Major League Baseball for the Cleveland Blues on September 9, 1901. Starting the game in right field, he had four plate appearances and struck out in all four.

Cermak became an umpire after his playing days and was apparently struck in the throat by a foul ball at some point during the 1911 season, losing his speaking ability. When Cermak died late that year, the newspaper in his hometown reported that his death was related to the on-field injury. However, authors Robert Gorman and David Weeks write that Cermak died of tuberculosis and that the throat injury was not listed as a contributing factor on Cermak's death certificate.

He was buried at Woodland Cemetery in Cleveland.

Woodland Cemetery (Cleveland)
Woodland Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located at 6901 Woodland Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. Established in 1853, it became Cleveland's main public cemetery after its founding and remained so for the next half-century. It fell into extreme disrepair, and most of its outstanding architectural features dismantled or demolished. In 1986, Woodland Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The cemetery has since undergone restoration.
2014 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2014 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the ninth edition of the annual men's volleyball tournament, played by nine countries. It was held in Tijuana, Mexico, from 11 to 16 August 2014. The tournament served as a rating for the 2015 FIVB World League.

Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup is a men's volleyball tournament organized by NORCECA. Initially, only NORCECA teams participated, but CSV teams have been invited since 2010. The event served as a qualifier for World League and the America's Cup. Now, the event serves as an America qualifier for the Pan American Games classification. The women have their own equivalent of the tournament, the Women's Pan-American Cup.
Kinmen Fisheries Research Institute
The Kinmen Fisheries Research Institute (KFRI; traditional Chinese: 金門縣水產試驗所; simplified Chinese: 金门县水产试验所; pinyin: Jīnmén Xiàn Shuǐchǎn Shìyàn Suǒ) is a fish research center in Jincheng Township, Kinmen, Taiwan with the aim of protecting biodiversity, balance, sustainable resource management and development of life, production and ecology.

Jincheng, Kinmen
Jincheng Township (Chinese: 金城鎮) is an urban township on the southwestern corner of the island of Kinmen (Quemoy). It is the county seat of Kinmen County, Fuchien Province, (Taiwan). Jincheng was the seat of the ROC's Fukien Province from 1949–1956 and 1996–2018. In March 2012, it was named one of the Top 10 Small Tourist Towns by the Tourism Bureau.
Okuyama shōjōkan
The Okuyama Manor (奥山荘, Okuyama no shō) was a shōen, or great landed estate, located in what is now the cities of Tainai and Shibata, Niigata Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan, from the end of the Heian period through the Sengoku period. A series of thirteen ruins were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1984 as the Okuyama Manor, Castle, and Fortified Residence Sites (奥山荘城館遺跡, Okuyama no shōjōkan iseki).

Tainai
Tainai (胎内市, Tainai-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 28,495 in 10,821 households, and a population density of 110 persons per km2 (288/sq mi). The total area of the city was 264.89 square kilometres (102.27 sq mi).
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg
The sub-duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg emerged as a collateral line of the House Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg. The region of Nordborg (also: Norburg or Nordburg) is on the island of Als.

Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg was the name of a branch line of the House of Oldenburg as well as the name of their land. It existed from 1564 until 1668 and was a titular duchy under the King of Denmark, rather than a true territorial dukedom in its own right. The seat of the duke was Sønderborg. Parts of the domain were located in Denmark (in the Duchy of Schleswig), mainly on the islands of Als and Ærø and around Glücksburg, whilst other lands were part of the Holy Roman Empire (in the Duchy of Holstein), including the Ämter of Plön, Ahrensbök, and Reinfeld. As a result of various inheritance arrangements it fragmented into numerous small territories which were eventually absorbed into Greater Denmark in the 18th century.
TN 90
The TN 90 was a variable yield thermonuclear warhead developed by France for the Hadès tactical missile, designed to replace the AN 51/Pluton system. Development began in 1983, and production in 1990. However, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, production was halted after only 30 of an intended 180 warheads were built, and they were immediately put into storage. The Hadès missiles, and their TN-90 warheads, were retired, along with all French land-based missiles, in 1996. By the end of 2000 the TN 90's were at CEA Valduc waiting to be disassembled.

Hadès
The Hadès system was a short-range ballistic pre-strategic nuclear weapon system designed by France as a last warning before the use of strategic nuclear weapons in a prospective Soviet invasion of Western Europe. It was designed from July 1984 as a replacement for the tactical road-mobile Pluton missile. Initially 120 missiles were planned to be deployed.

A wheeled trailer and launcher, each carrying two missiles in containers, was planned for deploying the Hadès. The original design had a range of 350 km, which was later increased to 450 km. The guidance system was an inertial platform which could be programmed to execute evasive maneuvers before hitting the target. A version designed to hit hardened underground targets also had a final guidance system which used a GPS-based digital system, resulting in a Circular Error Probable of only 5 m, compared to a CEP of 100 m for the standard version.
Gmina Budzyń
Gmina Budzyń is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Chodzież County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Budzyń, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Chodzież and 55 km (34 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 209.09 square kilometres (80.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,492.

Budzyń, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Budzyń [ˈbud͡zɨɲ] is a town in Chodzież County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Budzyń.

The town has a population of 4,861.