hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Otto Detlev Creutzfeldt
Otto Detlev Creutzfeldt (1 April 1927 – 23 January 1992) was a German physiologist and neurologist. He was the son of Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt and the younger brother of Werner Creutzfeldt, a professor of internal medicine.

Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt
Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (June 2, 1885 – December 30, 1964) was a German neurologist and neuropathologist. Although he is typically credited as the physician to first describe the Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, this has been disputed. He was born in Harburg an der Elbe and died in Munich.
Gallican Rite
The Gallican Rite is a historical form of Christian liturgy and other ritual practices in Western Christianity. It is not a single liturgical rite but rather several Latin liturgical rites that developed within the Latin Church, which comprised the majority use of most of Western Christianity for the greater part of the 1st millennium AD. The rites first developed in the early centuries as the Syriac-Greek rites of Jerusalem and Antioch and were first translated into Latin in various parts of the Western Roman Empire Praetorian prefecture of Gaul. By the 5th century, it was well established in the Roman civil diocese of Gaul, which had a few early centers of Christianity in the south. Ireland is also known to have had a form of this Gallican Liturgy mixed with Celtic customs.

Gregory of Tours
Gregory of Tours (born Georgius Florentius; 30 November c. 538 – 17 November 594 AD) was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours during the Merovingian period and is known as the "father of French history". He was a prelate in the Merovingian kingdom, encompassing Gaul's historic region.

Gregory's most notable work is the Decem Libri Historiarum ('Ten Books of Histories'), also known as the Historia Francorum ('History of the Franks'). Decem Libri Historiarum is considered a primary source for the study of Merovingian history and chronicles the accounts of the Franks during the period. Gregory is also known for documenting accounts of religious figures, notably that of Martin of Tours.
HP LaserJet
LaserJet is a line of laser printers sold by HP Inc. (originally Hewlett-Packard) since 1984. The LaserJet was the world's first commercially successful laser printer. Canon supplies both mechanisms and cartridges for most HP laser printers; some larger A3 models use Samsung print engines.

These printers (and later on all-in-one units, including scanning and faxing) have, as of 2025, a four decade plus history of serving both in offices and at home for personal/at home use.

In 2013, Advertising Age reported that HP had "78 different printers with 6 different model names."

PostScript
PostScript (PS) is a page description language and dynamically typed, stack-based programming language. It is most commonly used in the electronic publishing and desktop publishing realm, but as a Turing complete programming language, it can be used for many other purposes as well. PostScript was created at Adobe Systems by John Warnock, Charles Geschke, Doug Brotz, Ed Taft and Bill Paxton from 1982 to 1984. The most recent version, PostScript 3, was released in 1997.
Clay County, Kentucky
Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 20,345. Clay County is included in the Corbin, Kentucky micropolitan area. Its county seat is Manchester. The county was formed in 1807 and named in honor of Green Clay (1757–1826). Clay was a member of the Virginia and Kentucky State legislatures, first cousin once removed of Henry Clay, U.S. Senator from Kentucky and Secretary of State in the 19th century.

Collins Creek (Kentucky)
Collins Creek, also known as Collins Fork, is a creek that is a fork of Goose Creek in Knox County and Clay County, Kentucky.
It is 19 miles (31 km) long; is named for its first settler James Collins, a salt maker and hunter; joins Goose just south of Garrard; and is paralleled by (Kentucky Route 11) road and (Cumberland and Manchester Railroad branch of the L&N) railway for most of its course.
Parting of the Red Sea
The Parting of the Red Sea or Crossing of the Red Sea (Hebrew: קריעת ים סוף, romanized: Kriat Yam Suph, lit. "parting of the sea of reeds") is an episode in The Exodus, a foundational story in the Hebrew Bible.

It tells of the escape of the Israelites, led by Moses, from the pursuing Egyptians, as recounted in the Book of Exodus. Moses holds out his staff and God parts the waters of the Yam Suph, which is traditionally presumed to be the Red Sea, although other interpretations have arisen. With the water dispersed, the Israelites were able to walk on dry ground and cross the sea, followed by the Egyptian army. Once the Israelites have safely crossed, Moses drops his staff, closing the sea, and drowning the pursuing Egyptians.

Pillars of fire and cloud
The pillar of fire (Hebrew: עמוד אש, romanized: ‘ammuḏ ’ēš) and pillar of cloud (Hebrew: עמוד ענן, romanized: ‘ammūḏ ‘ānān) are a dual theophany (manifestation of God) described in various places in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. The pillars are said to have guided the Israelites through the desert during the Exodus from Egypt. The pillar of cloud provided a visible guide for the Israelites during the day, while the pillar of fire lit their way by night.
Minister of Public Safety
The minister of public safety (French: ministre de la Sécurité publique) is the minister of the Crown responsible for Public Safety Canada and a member of the Cabinet of Canada. The portfolio succeeded the role of Solicitor General of Canada in 2005.

Gary Anandasangaree has been the incumbent minister since May 13, 2025.

Cabinet of Canada
The Canadian Ministry (French: Conseil des ministres), colloquially referred to as the Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada), is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is part of and acts on behalf of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of March 2025 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.

For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Mark Carney, which is part of the 30th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and  ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
Sudbury dike swarm
The Sudbury dike swarm, also called the Sudbury dikes, is a Mesoproterozoic dike swarm in northeastern Ontario, Canada. With an age of 1,238 million years, it is younger than the Sudbury Basin impact event and predates the impact event that formed Lake Wanapitei.

Dike swarm
A dike swarm (American spelling) or dyke swarm (British spelling) is a large geological structure consisting of a major group of parallel, linear, or radially oriented magmatic dikes intruded within continental crust or central volcanoes in rift zones. Examples exist in Iceland and near other large volcanoes, (stratovolcanoes, calderas, shield volcanoes and other fissure systems) around the world. A  swarm consists of several to hundreds of dikes emplaced more or less contemporaneously during a single intrusive event, are magmatic and stratigraphic, and may form a large igneous province.

Sedimentary clastic dike swarms also exist on Earth; for example in Chile.

Magmatic dike swarms have also been found on Venus and Mars.
Kranji State Cemetery
The Kranji State Cemetery (Chinese: 克兰芝国家公墓; Malay: Tanah Perkuburan Negara Kranji; Tamil: கிராஞ்சி மாநில கல்லறையில்) is a national cemetery of Singapore, located at Kranji near Kranji War Cemetery in northwestern Singapore.

With an area of 2 acres (8,100 m2), the Kranji State Cemetery is reserved for the burial of persons who have made a significant contribution to Singapore, and is maintained by the National Environment Agency. War graves sections are maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Kranji War Cemetery
The Kranji War Cemetery is located in Kranji, Singapore, and is the final resting place for Allied soldiers who perished during the Battle of Singapore and the subsequent Japanese occupation of the island from 1942 to 1945 and in other parts of Southeast Asia during World War II.

There are 4,461 World War II casualties buried or commemorated at this cemetery, of which more than 850 are unidentified. There are 64 World War I headstones, of which three commemorate casualties known to have been buried elsewhere but whose graves could not be found on concentration.

Adjacent to the War Cemetery is the Kranji Military Cemetery, also administered by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
Post Street Electric Substation
The Post Street Electric Substation (also called the Washington Water Power Building, The Washington Water Power Substation) is an electric substation on the Spokane River next to the Spokane Falls in the city of Spokane, Washington. Built in 1910, the Post Street substation served the needs of the city's growing electric grid as well as the surrounding area. The substation consolidates and delivers power generated by the Upper Falls Power Plant and the Monroe Street Dam  hydroelectric plants. The building is one of many contributions to Spokane's downtown area by renowned Pacific Northwest architect Kirtland K. Cutter.

Kirtland Cutter
Kirtland Cutter  (August 20, 1860 – September 26, 1939) was a 20th-century architect in the Pacific Northwest and California. He was born in East Rockport, Ohio, the great-grandson of Jared Potter Kirtland. He studied painting and illustration at the Art Students League of New York. At the age of 26 he moved to Spokane, Washington, and began working as a banker for his uncle. By the 1920s, Cutter had designed several hundred buildings that established Spokane as a place rivaling Seattle and Portland, Oregon in its architectural quality. Most of Cutter's work is listed in State and National Registers of Historic Places.

His design for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair Idaho Building was a rustic design log construction. It was a popular favorite, visited by an estimated 18 million people. The building's design and interior furnishings were a major precursor of the Arts and Crafts movement.

Cutter also worked in partnership with Karl G. Malmgren as Cutter & Malmgren and variations.
Capital Region, Venezuela
The Capital Region (Spanish: Región Capital) is one of the nine administrative regions of Venezuela. It includes the states of Miranda and La Guaira, as well as the Capital District. In 2011, the population of the region was reported to be more than 5 million people.

The Caribbean Sea forms the region’s northern boundary. The other regions which it borders are the Central Region to the west, the Llanos Region to the south, and the Northeastern Region to the west.

Central Region, Venezuela
The Central Region (Spanish: Región Central) is one of the nine administrative regions of Venezuela. The states of which it consists are Aragua, Carabobo, and Cojedes.

The Caribbean Sea forms the region’s northern boundary. The other regions which it borders are the Capital Region to the northeast, the Llanos Region to the southeast, the Andean Region to the south, and the Central-Western Region to the west. The main and most populated city in the Central Region is Valencia in the state of Carabobo.
Fleischbank (Kaiser)
The Fleischbank is a 2,187-metre-high mountain in the Wilder Kaiser range in the Northern Limestone Alps in Austria, east of Kufstein in the Tyrol.

The mountain is one of the well-known climbs in the Northern Limestone Alps. The starting point for many easy to difficult climbing tours is the Stripsenjochhaus belonging to the ÖAV.

Kaiser Mountains
The Kaiser Mountains (German: Kaisergebirge, meaning Emperor Mountains) are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps and Eastern Alps. Its main ridges are the Zahmer Kaiser and south of it the Wilder Kaiser. The mountains are situated in the Austrian province of Tyrol between the towns of Kufstein and St. Johann in Tirol. The Kaiser Mountains offer some of the loveliest scenery in all the Northern Limestone Alps.
HMS Black Joke (1827)
HMS Black Joke was a cutter, probably built in Baltimore in 1824, originally launched as the Brazilian slave ship Henriquet[t]a. The Royal Navy captured her in September 1827, and purchased her into the service. The Navy renamed her Black Joke, after an English song of the same name, and assigned her to the West Africa Squadron (or Preventive Squadron). Her role was to chase down slave ships, and over her five-year career, she freed thousands of slaves. The Navy deliberately burnt her in May 1832 because her timbers had rotted to the point that she was no longer fit for active service.

HMS Dryad (1795)
HMS Dryad was a fifth-rate sailing frigate of the Royal Navy that served for 64 years, at first during the Napoleonic Wars and then in the suppression of slavery. She fought in a notable single-ship action in 1796 when she captured the French frigate Proserpine, an action that would later earn her crew the Naval General Service Medal. Dryad was broken up at Portsmouth in 1860.
Cleveland Hotel
Cleveland Hotel is a heritage-listed former hotel at 109 Shore Street North, Cleveland, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c. 1860 to 1940s. It is also known as Cassim's Hotel and Sorrento Flats. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 30 October 1995.

Cleveland, Queensland
Cleveland is a coastal and central locality in the City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Cleveland had a population of 15,850 people.

Its location makes it a transport hub for islands in Moreton Bay.
Baseball awards
Professional baseball leagues, amateur-baseball organizations, sportswriting associations, and other groups confer awards on various baseball teams, players, managers, coaches, executives, broadcasters, writers, and other baseball-related people for excellence in achievement, sportsmanship, and community involvement.

Intermediate, Junior, Senior & Big League Baseball
Intermediate, Junior, and Senior League Baseball are youth baseball divisions of Little League Baseball that are considered more advanced and difficult than younger Little League divisions due to more advanced rules, including the ability to lead-off and steal as the pitcher breaks, along with longer base paths and greater pitching distance. Junior League also includes the use of bats with 2+5⁄8-inch (6.7 cm) barrels rather than the transitional 2+1⁄4-inch (5.7 cm) barrels of Little League. Junior League also allows the use of metal spikes in cleats in addition to the molded or plastic spikes used in Little League. The Big League level was a former division for even older teens until it was discontinued for both baseball and softball after the 2016 Big League World Series due to low participation levels over the previous 15 years.
Send tape echo echo delay
Send tape echo echo delay (more commonly known as STEED, alternatively known as single tape echo and echo delay) is a technique used in magnetic tape sound recording to apply a delay effect using tape loops and echo chambers.

In 2006, while publicising his memoir (Here, There, and Everywhere: My Life Recording the Music of The Beatles), recording engineer Geoff Emerick stated that "God only knows" how the effect worked.

Delay (audio effect)
Delay is an audio signal processing technique that records an input signal to a storage medium and then plays it back after a period of time. When the delayed playback is mixed with the live audio, it creates an echo-like effect, whereby the original audio is heard followed by the delayed audio. The delayed signal may be played back multiple times, or fed back into the recording, to create the sound of a repeating, decaying echo.

Delay effects range from a subtle echo effect to a pronounced blending of previous sounds with new sounds. Delay effects can be created using tape loops, an approach developed in the 1940s and 1950s and used by artists including Elvis Presley and Buddy Holly.

Analog effects units were introduced in the 1970s; digital effects pedals in 1984; and audio plug-in software in the 2000s.
Rhein-Emscher-Express
The Rhein-Emscher-Express (RE 3) is a Regional-Express service in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), running from Düsseldorf via Duisburg, Gelsenkirchen and Dortmund to Hamm. It connects with the rest of the regional rail network of NRW in Düsseldorf, Duisburg, Oberhausen, Wanne-Eickel, Dortmund and Hamm. In addition, it connects in Düsseldorf, Duisburg, Oberhausen, Dortmund and Hamm with long-distance services.

Duisburg–Dortmund railway
The Duisburg-Dortmund Railway is an important and historically significant railway in Germany. It is a major axis for long distance and regional passenger freight transport in the northern Ruhr. It is served by Intercity-Express, InterCity, Regional-Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains. It includes the central stations of Duisburg, Oberhausen, Gelsenkirchen, Dortmund and Wanne-Eickel and the regionally important stations of Essen-Altenessen and Herne.
It is the middle section of the Cologne-Minden trunk line from Cologne-Deutz to Minden. It was opened in 1847 and has been modernised and developed several times since then. Today, it has two to four tracks and is electrified and classified as a main line.
Dinosaur (band)
Dinosaur are a British jazz quartet founded in 2010.  The band comprises Laura Jurd on trumpet and synthesizers, Elliot Galvin on keyboards and synthesizers, Corrie Dick on drums, and Conor Chaplin on bass.

Laura Jurd
Laura Jurd (born 1990 or 1991) is a British musician and composer. She plays trumpet and synthesizer. She has released albums as a solo artist, and she composes for and plays in a jazz quartet named Dinosaur, whose album Together, As One was nominated for the Mercury Prize in 2017.

Jurd teaches composition at Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance in London.
Greater Saskatoon Catholic Schools
Greater Saskatoon Catholic Schools (GSCS)  is Saskatchewan's largest Catholic school division and the third largest school system in the province.

Greater Saskatoon Catholic Schools has approximately 22,000 students, with 53 schools located in Saskatoon and the surrounding rural districts of Biggar, Humboldt, Martensville and Warman. In addition, GSCS co-manages Humboldt Collegiate Institute with Horizon School Division No. 205.

Mount Royal, Saskatoon
Mount Royal is a neighbourhood on the westside of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in the Confederation SDA. As of 2016 if has a population of 5,207 residents. The neighbourhood consists of 3 elementary schools and 2 sister secondary schools.
Azaria (surname)
Azaria is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandre Azaria (born 1967), French composer, songwriter, and musician

Aristaces Azaria (1782–1854), Armenian Catholic abbot and archbishop

Aviv Azaria (born 1991), Israeli footballer

Death of Azaria Chamberlain, an Australian baby girl who was killed by a dingo on the night of 17 August 1980
The Disappearance of Azaria Chamberlain, Australian TV movie about the Azaria Chamberlain case

Eitan Azaria (born 1983), Israeli retired footballer and Football Mental Consultant

Elor Azaria, Israeli soldier

Hank Azaria (born 1964), American actor, voice actor, comedian, and producer

Nati Azaria (born 1967), Israeli footballer

Rachel Azaria (born 1977), Israeli politician

Azaryan
Azaryan or Azarian (Armenian: Ազարյան) is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Azaryan (1929–2023), Soviet Armenian artistic gymnast

Eduard Azaryan (born 1958), Soviet Armenian artistic gymnast

Krikor Azaryan (1934–2009), Bulgarian theatre director

Mary Azarian (born 1940), American woodcut artist and children's book illustrator

Mihran Azaryan (1876–1952), Ottoman Armenian and Turkish architect

Mina Azarian (born 1959), Swedish actress

Onnik Der Azarian (1883–1935), Ottoman Armenian painter
William Watts (priest)
William Watts (b Much Marcle 14 March 1667; d Abbey Dore 15 October 1722) was a Welsh Anglican priest in the 18th century.

Watts was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1666, M.A. in 1669, and B.D. in 1676. Watts became Rector of Abbey Dore  in1677; a Canon of Hereford Cathedral in 1677; Precentor of Hereford in 1686; and Archdeacon of Llandaff in 1707.

Archdeacon of Llandaff
The Archdeacon of Llandaff is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church in Wales Diocese of Llandaff. The archdeacon is the senior priest with responsibility over the area of the archdeaconry of Llandaff, one of two archdeaconries in the diocese (the other is Margam). The archdeaconry of Llandaff currently consists of two large deaneries: Cardiff, and Eglwysilan.
Digital pen
A digital pen is an input device which captures the handwriting or brush strokes of a user and converts handwritten analog information into digital data, enabling the data to be utilized in various applications. This type of pen is used in conjunction with a graphics tablet, tablet computer, smartphone or digital notebook.

The input device captures the handwriting data, that, once digitized, can be displayed on a screen.

Common digital pen protocols are:

Microsoft Pen Protocol (MPP) (formerly N-trig)

Wacom AES 1.0 and 2.0

Wacom EMR

Universal Stylus Initiative (USI)

Apple Pencil Active Projected Capacitive (APC)

Bluetooth

Examples of digital pens:

Microsoft Surface Pen (MPP)

Samsung S Pen (Wacom EMR)

Google Pixelbook Pen (Wacom AES)

Apple Pencil (APC)

Microsoft pen protocol
The Microsoft Pen Protocol or MPP is a protocol developed by Microsoft for digital pens, designed mainly for Surface Pen but also used by other hardware manufacturers, like HP.

The protocol is based on technology developed by N-trig (a separate company at the time, though acquired by Microsoft in 2015 for US$200 million),
Commercial Product Assurance
Commercial Product Assurance (CPA) is a CESG approach to gaining confidence in the security of commercial products.

It is intended to supplant other approaches such as Common Criteria (CC) and CCT Mark for UK government use.

CESG Claims Tested Mark
The CESG Claims Tested Mark (abbreviated as CCT Mark or CCTM), formerly known as the CSIA Claims Tested Mark, is a UK Government Standard for computer security.

The CCT Mark is based upon a framework in which vendors can make claims about the security attributes of their products and services, and independent testing laboratories can evaluate these products and services to determine whether they actually meet those claims. In other words, the CCT Mark provides a quality assurance approach to validate whether the implementation of a computer security product or service has been carried out in an appropriate manner.
Peace walk
A peace walk or peace march, sometimes referred to as a peace pilgrimage, is a form of nonviolent action where a person or group marches a set distance to raise awareness for particular issues important to the walkers.

Preah Maha Ghosananda
Maha Ghosananda (full title Samdech Preah Maha Ghosananda - Khmer: សម្តេចព្រះមហាឃោសានន្ទ; Pali: Mahāghosānanda; May 23, 1913 or, more likely, around 1924 – March 12, 2007) was a highly revered Cambodian Buddhist monk in the Theravada tradition, who served as the Patriarch (Sangharaja) of Cambodian Buddhism during the Khmer Rouge period and post-communist transition period of Cambodian history. His Pali monastic name, 'Mahā Ghosānanda', means "great joyful proclaimer". He was well known in Cambodia for his annual peace marches.