hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Washington-on-the-Brazos State Historic Site
The Washington-on-the-Brazos State Historic Site is a historic site at Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, where the Convention of 1836 adopted the Texas Declaration of Independence. The government of Texas purchased 50 acres (20 ha) of the old townsite in 1916 and built a replica of the building where the delegates met. The state acquired more of the site in 1976 and 1996.

Located between Brenham and Navasota off State Highway 105, the site is now known as Washington-on-the-Brazos State Historic Site.  It covers 293 acres (119 ha), and features three main attractions: Independence Hall, Barrington Living History Farm, and the Star of the Republic Museum, which is administered by Blinn College. The site's visitor center is free and includes interactive exhibits about the Texas Revolution and the park's attractions, a gift shop, a conference center and an education center.

Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas
Washington-on-the-Brazos, also known simply as Washington, is an unincorporated community along the Brazos River in Washington County, Texas, United States. The town is best known for being the site of the Convention of 1836 and the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence.

The town is named for Washington, Georgia, itself named for George Washington. It is officially known as just "Washington," but after the Civil War came to be known as "Washington-on-the-Brazos" to distinguish the settlement from "Washington-on-the-Potomac," Washington, D.C.
Tobacco industry in Egypt
The tobacco industry in Egypt was a major export industry that influenced global fashion during the period between the 1880s and the end of the First World War. It was notable as a rare example of the global periphery setting trends in the global center in a period when the predominant direction of cultural influence was the reverse, and also as one of the earliest producers of globally traded manufactured finished goods outside the West.

Kyriazi Freres
Kyriazi Freres (also spelled Kyriazi Frères and incorrectly "Kiriazi") was a cigarette manufacturing company established in 1873 in Egypt. The company was founded by Ioannis Kyriazis, together with his brothers Efstathios and Epaminondas, although his other two brothers, George and Dimitris also played an active role in the company.

Neoklis Kyriazis, the son of George, would later become a medical doctor who, through his lectures on hygiene, warned the public about the health risks of tobacco smoke.
ID4
ID4 is a protein coding gene.  In humans, it encodes the protein known as DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-4.
This protein is known to be involved in the regulation of many cellular processes during both prenatal development and tumorigenesis.  This is inclusive of embryonic cellular growth, senescence, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and as an oncogene in angiogenesis.

Basic helix–loop–helix
A basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) is a protein structural motif that characterizes one of the largest families of dimerizing transcription factors.  The word "basic" does not refer to complexity but to the chemistry of the motif because transcription factors in general contain basic amino acid residues in order to facilitate DNA binding.

bHLH transcription factors are often important in development or cell activity. For one, BMAL1-Clock (also called ARNTL) is a core transcription complex in the molecular circadian clock. Other genes, like c-Myc and HIF-1, have been linked to cancer due to their effects on cell growth and metabolism.
Kilpatrick, Leny
Kilpatrick (Irish: Cill Phádraig) is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Mullingar. The name Kilpatrick also applies to four other townlands in County Westmeath.

Kilpatrick is one of 15 townlands of the civil parish of Leny, in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 472 acres (1.91 km2). The neighbouring townlands are: Fulmort, Heathland and Leny to the north, Ballynafid and Clanhugh Demesne to the east, Mountmurray to the south and Rathbennett to the west. The south-east boundary of the townland is formed by part of the shoreline of Lough Owel.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 12 houses and 42 inhabitants in the townland.

Clanhugh Demesne
Clanhugh Demesne (Irish: Diméin Chlann Aodha) is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) north–west of Mullingar.

Clanhugh Demesne is one of 15 townlands of the civil parish of Leny in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 367 acres (1.49 km2) of which 291 acres (1.18 km2) are in Leny civil parish and 76 acres (0.31 km2) are in nearby Portnashangan civil parish. The neighbouring townlands are: Ballynafid to the east and Kilpatrick to the west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 8 houses and 41 inhabitants in the townland.

Clonhugh House, built in 1867 for Colonel Fulke Greville, was constructed on the site of an earlier building, also called Clonhugh House, demolished to make way for the new structure.
Catalunyan Saddle
Catalunyan Saddle (Katalunska Sedlovina \ka-ta-'lun-ska se-dlo-vi-'na\) is a saddle of 1260 m height in the Friesland Ridge of the Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island, in the South Shetland Islands.  The saddle is bounded by Lyaskovets Peak to the east and by Presian Ridge to the west.  The saddle was named in honour of the Catalans Francesc Sàbat (q.v. Sàbat Hill) and Jorge Enrique (q.v. Enrique Hill) from Juan Carlos I Base who established the first route via the saddle to Mount Friesland on 30 December 1991.

Tangra 2004/05
The Tangra 2004/05 Expedition was commissioned by the Antarctic Place-names Commission at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria, managed by the Manfred Wörner Foundation, and supported by the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute, the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Posts, Uruguayan Antarctic Institute, Peregrine Shipping (Australia), and Petrol Ltd, TNT, Mtel, Bulstrad, Polytours, B. Bekyarov and B. Chernev (Bulgaria).
Naolinco
Naolinco is a small city in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is named after Guadalupe Victoria, also known as Naolinco de Victoria. It is on Federal Highways 190 and 180. It has borders with Xalapa, Acatlán, Tepetlán, and Coacoatzintla.

Naolinco is known for its leather-crafts.

In 2023, Naolinco de Victoria was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.

Acatlán, Veracruz
Acatlán is a municipality and village located in the central zone of the Mexican state of Veracruz, about 35 km from the state capital Xalapa. The municipality has an area of 18.1 km2. As of 2020, the municipality had a population of 3,441 inhabitants, and more than 94% of the population resided in the municipal seat.
All Saints Church, Speke
All Saints Church is in Speke, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, standing at the junction of Hale Road and Speke Church Road.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Liverpool South Childwall, the archdeaconry of Liverpool, and the diocese of Liverpool.  Its benefice is united with that of St Aidan, Speke.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Anglican Diocese of Liverpool
The diocese of Liverpool is a diocese of the Church of England in North West England. The diocese covers Merseyside north of the River Mersey, south-west Lancashire, western Greater Manchester, and part of northern Cheshire. Liverpool Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Liverpool, currently John Perumbalath, and the diocesan offices are also located in Liverpool. The bishop is assisted by one suffragan bishop, the bishop of Warrington.

What is now the diocese of Liverpool was historically part of the diocese of Coventry and Lichfield, and became part of the newly created diocese of Chester in 1541. The diocese of Liverpool was established on 9 April 1880.
Reningelst
Reningelst is a rural village in the Belgian province of West Flanders, and a "deelgemeente" of the municipality Poperinge. The village has about 1405 inhabitants.

The deelgemeente of De Klijte used to be a part of Reningelst (then independent, now part of Heuvelland). De Klijte split from Reningelst in 1976 and is now part of the Heuvelland municipality.

Poperinge
Poperinge (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpoːpəˌrɪŋə] ⓘ; French: Poperinghe, Poperingue [pɔpʁɛ̃ɡ]; West Flemish: Poperienge) is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders, Flemish Region, and has a history going back to medieval times. The municipality comprises the town of Poperinge proper and surrounding villages. The area is famous for its hops and lace.
KLRH
KLRH is a non-commercial radio station located in Reno, Nevada, broadcasting on 92.9 FM.  KLRH airs a contemporary Christian music format branded as "K-Love" under the ownership of Educational Media Foundation (EMF).

The station signed on in November 1994 as KZSR. Until August 2014, the station was KURK, a commercial classic rock station owned by Wilks Broadcasting. On May 9, 2014, Wilks that it was selling the station to EMF, which already owned K-Love station KLRH (88.3 FM); the acquisition allowed EMF to bring its Air1 network to Reno. EMF took control of the station on August 1, 2014 and changed the call letters to KYSA; Wilks moved the classic rock format and the KURK call sign to 100.9 FM. On August 13, 2014, KYSA and KLRH swapped call signs. As of September 2016, KLRH was listed as a K-Love station, with KYSA carrying Air1.

KRFN
KRFN (100.9 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Sparks, Nevada and broadcasting to the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area.  The station is owned by the Evans Broadcast Company, Inc. and it airs an adult contemporary radio format branded as "Fun 101."

KRFN has studios and offices on East Plumb Lane in Reno.  Its transmitter is in the Steamboat Hills section of Reno, near Interstate 580.  KRFN is a Class A FM station, which means it is limited in power to 6,000 watts.  Programming is also heard on 250 watt FM translator K286AG at 105.1 in Carson City.
Balkana Lake
Balkana (Bosnian/Serbian cyrillic: Балкана) is an artificial lake located on the slopes of Lisina mountain, in the municipality of Mrkonjić Grad, entity of Republika Srpska, in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lake, actually, consists of two separate, though connected via small outcomes, basins, upper as larger and lower as smaller, with very small difference in water tables levels.
Total area of both basins is 56.000 m2 (602.78 sq ft). Balkana gets its waters from several mountain springs and two small mountain streams, Cjepalo and Skakavac, while its outflow is Crna Rijeka (English: Black River), which runs through Mrkonjić Grad from south to north, and joins Vrbas after 17 km (11 mi).

Mrkonjić Grad
Mrkonjić Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Мркоњић Град, pronounced [mr̩koɲit͡ɕ grad]) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Bosanska Krajina region, between Banja Luka and Jajce. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 16,671 inhabitants, while the town of Mrkonjić Grad has a population of 7,915 inhabitants.

The municipality consists of the following 22 local communities: Baljvine, Bjelajce, Baraći, Gerzovo, Gustovara, Podgorija, Magaljdol, Medna, Gornja Pecka, Gornji Šehovci, Stupari, Podrašnica, Podbrdo, Majdan, Gornji Graci, Orahovljani, Centar, Brkića Bašta, Kamenica, Novo Naselje, Zborište and Podorugla.
Boeing 307 Stratoliner
The Boeing Model 307 Stratoliner (or Strato-Clipper in Pan American service, or C-75 in USAAF service) is an American stressed-skin four-engine low-wing tailwheel monoplane airliner derived from the B-17 Flying Fortress bomber, which entered commercial service in July 1940. It was the first airliner in revenue service with a pressurized cabin, which, along with supercharged engines, allowed it to cruise above the weather. As such it represented a major advance over contemporaries, with a cruising speed of 220 mph (350 km/h) at 20,000 ft (6,100 m) compared to the Douglas DC-3's 160 mph (260 km/h), at 8,000 ft (2,400 m) then in service. When it entered commercial service it had a crew of five to six, including two pilots, a flight engineer, two flight attendants, and an optional navigator and had a capacity for 33 passengers, which later modifications increased, first to 38, and eventually to 60.

Haitian Aviation Corps
The Haitian Military Aviation Corps (French: Corps d'Aviation Militaire) is the air force component of the Armed Forces of Haiti. The air corps was disbanded along with the rest of the armed forces after Operation Uphold Democracy, the U.S. invasion of 1994.

Since the remobilization of the Armed Forces in 2017, the ranks are slowly being filled, and it has reclaimed its main garrison at the Military Aviation base in Clercine (near Toussaint Louverture International Airport)
Dillon Reservoir
Dillon Reservoir, sometimes referred to as Lake Dillon, is a large fresh water reservoir located in Summit County, Colorado, United States, south of I-70 and bordered by the towns of Frisco, Silverthorne, and Dillon. It is a reservoir for the city of Denver, and its waters are under the control of Denver Water. Popular ski areas are close to the reservoir, including Copper Mountain, Keystone, Arapahoe Basin, and Breckenridge.

Copper Mountain (Colorado)
Copper Mountain is a mountain and ski resort located in Summit County, Colorado, about 75 miles (120 km) west of Denver on Interstate 70. The resort has 2,465 acres (3.9 sq mi; 10.0 km2) of in-bounds terrain under lease from the U.S. Forest Service, White River National Forest, Dillon Ranger District. It is operated by POWDR.
732 Naval Air Squadron
732 Naval Air Squadron (732 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It was initially formed in 1943 from a requirement for an Operational Training Unit for United States trained FAA pilots flying Vought Corsair fighter-bomber aircraft, at RN Air Section Brunswick, USNAS Brunswick, Maine, United States, and disbanded during 1944. In 1945 it was reformed for a brief period, as a Night Fighter Training Squadron, operating out of HMS Nighhawk, RNAS Drem, East Lothian, Scotland. Notably equipped with six Avro Anson 'flying classrooms', amongst other aircraft.

RAF Drem
Royal Air Force Drem, or more simply RAF Drem, is a former Royal Air Force station, just north of the village of Drem in East Lothian, Scotland. The motto of the station was Exiit Hinc Lumen which means "Light has departed from this place".
Iodine–starch test
The iodine–starch test is a chemical reaction that is used to test for the presence of starch or for iodine. The combination of starch and iodine is intensely blue-black.
The interaction between starch and the triiodide anion (I−3) is the basis for iodometry.

Triiodide
In chemistry, triiodide usually refers to the triiodide ion, I−3. This anion, one of the polyhalogen ions, is composed of three iodine atoms. It is formed by combining aqueous solutions of iodide salts and iodine. Some salts of the anion have been isolated, including thallium(I) triiodide (Tl+[I3]−) and ammonium triiodide ([NH4]+[I3]−). Triiodide is observed to be a red colour in solution.
Steven Ascher
Steven Ascher is an American independent director, producer and writer.  He was nominated for an Academy Award and has received the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival among many other awards. His book The Filmmaker’s Handbook is a bestselling text.

Troublesome Creek: A Midwestern
Troublesome Creek: A Midwestern is a 1995 documentary by filmmakers Jeanne Jordan and Steven Ascher. The film explores the family farm crisis through the story of Jordan's own family, as they take extraordinary measures to save their Iowa farm.

The film received the Grand Jury Prize and Audience Award for best documentary at the Sundance Film Festival, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, among many other awards.
Garfagnana
The Garfagnana (Italian: [ɡarfaɲˈɲaːna]) is a historical and geographical region of central Italy, today part of the province of Lucca, in Tuscany. It is the upper valley or basin of the river Serchio, and thus lies between the main ridge of the Northern Apennines to the north-east and the Alpi Apuane to the west. The principal towns are Castelnuovo di Garfagnana and Barga.

Province of Lucca
The province of Lucca (Italian: provincia di Lucca) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lucca.

It has an area of 1,773 square kilometres (685 mi2) and a population of about 390,000. The province contains 33 comuni (sg.: comune).
Royal Caribbean International
Royal Caribbean International (RCI), formerly Royal Caribbean Cruise Line (RCCL), is a cruise line founded in 1968 in Norway and organized as a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Group since 1997.

Based in Miami, Florida, it is the largest cruise line by revenue and second largest by passenger counts. As of 2025, Royal Caribbean International controlled 27.0% of the worldwide cruise market by passengers and 24.8% by revenue.

As of August 2025, the line operates 29 ships; three additional ships are on order and two ships are planned but do not have a launch date.

STX Finland
STX Finland Oy, formerly Aker Yards Oy, was a Finnish shipbuilding company operating three shipyards in Finland, in Turku, Helsinki and Rauma, employing some 2,500 people. It was part of STX Europe, a group of international shipbuilding companies owned by the South Korean STX Corporation.

Half of Helsinki yard was sold to Russian USC in 2010. In September 2013, STX Finland announced that the Rauma shipyard would be closed in June 2014. In August 2014, the Turku shipyard was sold to Meyer Werft and the state-owned Finnish Industry Investment, and renamed Meyer Turku Oy.
Andrei Smirnov (actor)
Andrei Sergeyevich Smirnov (Russian: Андpeй Сepгeeвич Смирнов; born March 12, 1941) is a Soviet and Russian actor and filmmaker who is known for directing the films Belorussian Station (1971), Autumn (1974) and A Frenchman (2019). He was a member of the jury at the 38th Berlin International Film Festival in 1988.

In 2003 he was awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia.

Dunya Smirnova
Avdotya (Dunya) Smirnova (Russian: Авдотья (Дуня) Смирнова; born 29 June 1969) is a Russian screenwriter, film director, producer, TV host and literary critic, winner of numerous awards and accolades, founder of the charity foundation Vikhod.
C.D. Once Municipal
Club Deportivo Once Municipal, also known as Once Municipal, is a Salvadoran professional football club based in Ahuachapán, Ahuachapán department, that currently competes in Tercera División de El Salvador, the third division of El Salvador football. Their colors are blue and yellow and the team mascot is a canary. Which provided the team nicknames  Los Canarios or the Canaries in english. The club currently play its matches at the Estadio Simeón Magaña, which has a capacity of 5,000.

Copa Presidente (El Salvador)
The Copa Presidente is the top knock-out football tournament in El Salvador. The first edition was played in 1999, resulting champion C.D. Águila of El Salvador. From 2000 to 2006, the competition was played two more times with Atlético Balboa and Once Municipal winning the cup. After a lengthy hiatus that began in 2006,  was restored in 2016 The cup is currently sponsored by Claro and thus officially known as the Copa Claro.
The Cup tournament is played as a separate tournament from the league (played between First, Second and Third Division).
Pani câ meusa
Pani câ meusa (Sicilian: [ˈpaːnɪ kaː ˈmɛʊsa] ⓘ; lit. 'bread with spleen'), also spelled pani câ mèusa (or less correctly pani ca meusa), is a Sicilian street food. Its Italianized name is panino con la milza. It is a dish typical of Palermo and it consists of a soft bread (locally called vastedda or vastella) topped with sesame, stuffed with chopped veal lung and spleen that have been boiled and then fried in lard. Caciocavallo or ricotta may also be added, in which case the pani câ meusa is called maritatu (lit. 'married'); if served without cheese, it is called schettu ('single') instead. It was created by Jewish butchers in Palermo, Sicily. It is sold mainly by street vendors (specifically indicated locally as meusari) in Palermo's main markets, such as the Vucciria and the Ballarò. The sandwich is a staple among locals in Palermo.

Sicilian cuisine
Sicilian cuisine is the style of cooking on the island of Sicily. It shows traces of all cultures that have existed on the island of Sicily over the last two millennia. Although its cuisine has much in common with Italian cuisine, Sicilian food also has Greek, Spanish, Jewish, Maghrebi, and Arab influences.

The Sicilian cook Mithaecus, born during 5th century BC, is credited with having brought knowledge of Sicilian gastronomy to Greece: his cookbook was the first in Greek, therefore he was the earliest cookbook author in any language whose name is known.
Sieben Berge
The Sieben Berge ("Seven Hills") are a ridge of hills up to 395 m above sea level (NN) in the Lower Saxon Hills in the district of Hildesheim, Lower Saxony, Germany. Together with the Vorberge and the Sackwald the Sieben Berge belong to the geological formation of the Sackmulde.

They are famous as a result of the fairy tale, Snow White.

Hildesheim (district)
Hildesheim is a district (Landkreis)  in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Hanover, Peine, Wolfenbüttel, Goslar, Northeim, Holzminden and Hameln-Pyrmont.
Redruth R.F.C.
Redruth RFC (established 1875) is a rugby union club from the town of Redruth, Cornwall, currently playing in the fourth tier of the English league system, National League 2 West. The club runs a number of men's teams including 1st XV (National League 2 West), 2nd XV (Counties 1 Tribute Western West), Ladies XV, Colts and a Select XV as well as a number of junior teams from age 7 through to 16. They are one of the most successful club sides in Cornwall, having won the Cornwall Cup ten times and the Cornwall Super Cup three times, and are currently the second highest ranked club side behind the Cornish Pirates. Redruth enjoys a strong rivalry with neighbours Camborne, with the two clubs meeting annually on Boxing Day, in a fixture that dates back to 1928.

Regional 1 South West
Regional 1 South West (formerly South West Premier and National League 3 South West) is a level five league in the English rugby union system. It is one of six leagues at this level. When this division began in 1987 it was known as South West Division 1. The format of the league was changed at the beginning of the 2009–10 season following reorganisation by the Rugby Football Union, and the name change from National League 3 to South West Premier was introduced for the 2017–18 season by the RFU in order to lessen confusion for what is a series of regional leagues. Regional 1 South West, is the highest regional rugby union league covering South West England. The club finishing in first place is promoted to National League 2 West. Relegated teams drop down to either Regional 2 South West or Regional 2 Severn, depending on their location.

Barnstaple are the current champions.