hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big Sandy, Texas
Big Sandy is a town in Upshur County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town's population was 1,231. A lake of the same name is cut nearly in half by U.S. Highway 80, the main thoroughfare of Big Sandy. It lies directly west of the larger cities of Gladewater and Longview.

The Sabine River flows just south of Big Sandy. In the 19th century, Walters' Bluff Ferry operated on the Sabine, with passage across costing 40 cents per person and up to 75 cents for wagons.

Upshur County, Texas
Upshur County is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 40,892. The county seat is Gilmer. The county is named for Abel P. Upshur, who was U.S. secretary of state during President John Tyler's administration.

Upshur County is part of the Longview, Texas metropolitan statistical area, and the Longview–Marshall, combined statistical area.
Identity function
In mathematics, an identity function, also called an identity relation, identity map or identity transformation, is a function that always returns the value that was used as its argument, unchanged. That is, when  is the identity function, the equality  is true for all values of  to which  can be applied.

Identity matrix
In linear algebra, the identity matrix of size  is the  square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It has unique properties, for example when the identity matrix represents a geometric transformation, the object remains unchanged by the transformation. In other contexts, it is analogous to multiplying by the number 1.
Mission: T.H.I.N.K.
Mission T.H.I.N.K. (Thinking Hard Inspires New Knowledge) is the final addition to the Super Solvers series created by The Learning Company. Morty Maxwell tries to take over the Shady Glen Game Factory with help of the Metal Minions. The game cultivates critical thinking skills by encouraging players to solve puzzles and create strategies. The original score in the five levels is by the fusion ensemble Yellowjackets.

The Learning Company
The Learning Company (TLC) was an American educational software company founded in 1980 in Palo Alto, California and headquartered in Fremont, California. The company produced a grade-based line of learning software, edutainment games, and productivity tools. Its titles included the flagship series Reader Rabbit, for preschoolers through second graders, and The ClueFinders, for more advanced students. The company was also known for publishing licensed educational titles featuring characters such as Arthur, The Powerpuff Girls, SpongeBob SquarePants and Sesame Street.

In December 1995, the company was acquired by SoftKey in a hostile takeover bid, at which point SoftKey assumed the Learning Company name and brand.
Height above mean sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level varies in different countries due to different reference points and historic measurement periods. Climate change and other forces can cause sea levels and elevations to vary over time.

Vertical position
Vertical position or vertical location is a position along a vertical direction (the plumb line direction) above or below a given vertical datum (a reference level surface, such as mean sea level).
Vertical distance or vertical separation is the distance between two vertical positions.
Many vertical coordinates exist for expressing vertical position: depth, height, altitude, elevation, etc.
Points lying on an equigeopotential surface are said to be on the same vertical level, as in a water level.
A function with domain along the vertical line is called a vertical distribution or vertical profile.
Magenta petrel
The magenta petrel (Pterodroma magentae), or Chatham Island tāiko, is a small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus, Pterodroma. Found exclusively on Chatham Island, New Zealand, it is one of the rarest birds in the world, believed to be extinct for over 100 years before its rediscovery in the 1970s.

Tuku Nature Reserve
The Tuku Nature Reserve is a nature reserve on Chatham Island, New Zealand, in the Tuku-a-tamatea (Tuku) River Valley in the south-west of the island. The 1238 hectares of land, largely covered with dense native forest, are owned by the New Zealand government and is managed by its Department of Conservation.

Before Crown ownership, the land was owned by Manuel and Evelyn Tuanui. The Tuanuis assisted ornithologist David Crockett in discovering the magenta petrel (Pterodroma magentae), or Chatham Island tāiko, on the land in 1978. This small burrow-nesting seabird had been considered extinct for over 100 years, and remains critically endangered. The Tuanuis donated the land that now forms the Reserve in 1983 for the conservation management of the tāiko, with adjacent land covenanted for the same purpose. The reserve is important for the conservation of the tāiko. As of 2004, 80% of tāiko breeding burrows are inside the reserve.
Sobradinho, Federal District
Sobradinho is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. It is bordered by Fercal to the north, Planaltina to the east, Itapoã to the south, and Lago Norte and Sobradinho II to the west.

Itapoã, Federal District
Itapoã (Portuguese pronunciation: [itapoˈɐ̃]) is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. Itapoã was founded on January 3, 2005, receiving the status of administrative region, according to Law 3527, of January 3, 2005. It is bordered by Sobradinho to the north, Paranoá to the south, and Lago Norte to the west.
Lara Worthington
Lara Worthington (née Bingle) (born 22 June 1987) is an Australian model and media personality. She is known for appearing in the 2006 Tourism Australia advertising campaign So where the bloody hell are you?. Her own reality television series, Being Lara Bingle, premiered on Network Ten in June 2012, ending after one season.

The Kyle and Jackie O Show
33°31′26″S 151°07′20″E﻿ / ﻿33.5240°S 151.1222°E﻿ / -33.5240; 151.1222

The Kyle and Jackie O Show is an Australian breakfast radio show hosted by Kyle Sandilands and Jackie O on KIIS 106.5 in Sydney and KIIS 101.1 in Melbourne. The show is syndicated in the late drive slot on the KIIS Network following Will & Woody across Australia, and is a station on iHeartRadio.
Federal Supplement
The Federal Supplement (ISSN 1047-7306) is a case law reporter published by West Publishing in the United States that includes select opinions of the United States district courts since 1932, and is part of the National Reporter System.  Although the Federal Supplement is an unofficial reporter and West is a private company that does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the U.S. that legal professionals uniformly cite the Federal Supplement for included decisions. Approximately 40 new volumes are published per year.

West (publisher)
West (also known by its original name, West Publishing) is a business owned by Thomson Reuters that publishes legal, business, and regulatory information in print, and on electronic services such as Westlaw. Since the late 19th century, West has been one of the most prominent publishers of legal materials in the United States. Its headquarters is in Eagan, Minnesota; it also had an office in Rochester, New York, until it closed in 2019, and in Cleveland, Ohio, until it closed in 2010. Organizationally, West is part of the global legal division of Thomson Reuters.
Pyxine
Pyxine is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in tropical regions. It was established in 1825 by the Swedish botanist Elias Fries and is distinguished from similar lichens by its characteristic golden fluorescence under ultraviolet light due to the compound lichexanthone. These small, leaf-like lichens form radiating rosettes with narrow lobes and tiny white lines called pseudocyphellae that act as air vents on their upper surface.

Pyxine sorediata
Pyxine sorediata, commonly known as mustard lichen, is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It has a subtropical to warm temperate distribution, and grows on bark, rocks, and moss as substrates. Pyxine sorediata has been reported from regions of North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australasia.
Albano Vercellese
Albano Vercellese is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Vercelli.

Despite the Roman toponym, Albano is documented only from the 10th century. In 1335 it became a fief of the Visconti of Milan. It became part of the Duchy of Savoy in 1407.

Albano Vercellese borders the following municipalities: Collobiano, Greggio, Oldenico, San Nazzaro Sesia, and Villarboit. It is home to a castle which has maintained parts from the 14th century. The apse of the Oratory of the Holy Trinity has 15th-century frescoes.

Greggio
Greggio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Vercelli.

Greggio borders the following municipalities: Albano Vercellese, Arborio, Recetto, San Nazzaro Sesia, and Villarboit.
Lambert of Vence
Lambert of Vence, also known as Lambert of Bauduen, was Bishop of Vence. Born Pelloquin Lambert, at Bauduen, France, in 1084. He lost his mother at birth and was raised at the age of twelve years by the Benedictine monks of Lérins. He was appointed Bishop of Vence in 1114, and remained in the see until his death in 1154. During his episcopate he sent to Bauduen relics of St Véran for whom he had great reverence. The relics of Lambert are still enshrined in Vence.

Ancient Diocese of Vence
The former French Catholic diocese of Vence existed until the French Revolution. Its see was at Vence in Provence, in the modern department of Alpes Maritimes.

After the Concordat of 1801, the territory of the diocese passed to the diocese of Nice.
Bay Shore, Michigan
Bay Shore is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located on the boundary between Charlevoix County and Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population of the CDP was 657 at the 2020 census.

Bay Shore is located along Little Traverse Bay on Lake Michigan just west of the city of Petoskey.  It is mostly within Hayes Township in Charlevoix County with a small portion extending east into Resort Township in Emmet County.

Resort Township, Michigan
Resort Township is a civil township of Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The southwesternmost township of Emmet County, Resort Township is immediately adjacent Petoskey, the county seat and largest city in Emmet County. Resort Township also has a shoreline on Little Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,835, an increase from 2,697 at the 2010 census.
Battle of annihilation
Annihilation is a military strategy in which an attacking army seeks to entirely destroy the military capacity of the opposing army.  This strategy can be executed in a single planned pivotal battle, called a "battle of annihilation". A successful battle of annihilation is accomplished through the use of tactical surprise, application of overwhelming force at a key point, or other tactics performed immediately before or during the battle.

The end goal of a battle of annihilation is to cause the leaders of the opposing army to sue for peace due to the complete annihilation of their army and thus inability to further engage in offensive or defensive military action. It is not necessary to kill or capture all, or even most, of an opposing army's forces to annihilate it in the sense used here. Rather, the destruction of the enemy army as a cohesive military force able to offer further meaningful military offense or defense, even if temporarily, is the objective.

Fabian strategy
The Fabian strategy is a military strategy where pitched battles and frontal assaults are avoided in favor of wearing down an opponent through a war of attrition and misdirection. While avoiding decisive battles, the side employing this strategy harasses its enemy through skirmishes to cause attrition, disrupt supply and affect morale. Employment of this strategy implies that the side adopting this strategy believes time is on its side, usually because the side employing the strategy is fighting in, or close to, their homeland and the enemy is far from home and by necessity has long and costly supply lines. It may also be adopted when no feasible alternative strategy can be devised.

By extension, the term is also applied to other situations in which a large, ambitious goal is seen as being out of reach by immediate action, but may be accomplished in small steps.
The Emperor's New Clothes (2001 film)
The Emperor's New Clothes is a 2001 historical drama film directed by Alan Taylor and based on the 1992 novel The Death of Napoleon by Simon Leys. The film stars Ian Holm as Napoleon Bonaparte (his third performance as the military and political leader, after 1974's Napoleon and Love and 1981's Time Bandits), Iben Hjejle, and Tim McInnerny. The plot imagines an alternate history in which Napoleon escapes his exile on Saint Helena. Although set in Paris, the film was mostly shot in Turin, Italy.

Simon Leys
Pierre Ryckmans (28 September 1935 – 11 August 2014), better known by his pen name Simon Leys, was a Belgian-Australian writer, essayist and literary critic, translator, art historian, sinologist, and university professor, who lived in Australia from 1970. His work particularly focused on the politics and traditional culture of China, calligraphy, French and English literature, the commercialization of universities, and nautical fiction. His trilogy Les Habits neufs du président Mao (1971), Ombres chinoises (1974) and Images brisées (1976) denounced the Cultural Revolution in China and the idolizing of Mao in the West.
Alpha et Omega
The Alpha et Omega was an occult order, initially named the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn,  co-founded in London, England  by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in 1888. The Alpha et Omega was one of four daughter organisations into which the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn fragmented, the others being the Stella Matutina; the Isis-Urania Temple led by A. E. Waite and others; and Aleister Crowley's A∴A∴. Following a rebellion of adepts in London and an ensuing public scandal which brought the name of the Golden Dawn into disrepute, Mathers renamed the branch of the Golden Dawn remaining loyal to his leadership to "Alpha et Omega" sometime between 1903 and 1913.  "The title was  usually abbreviated as A.O." and according to some sources its full name was "Rosicrucian Order of Alpha et Omega". All of the temples of the order appear to have gone out of existence by the Second World War.

Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers
Samuel Liddell (or Liddel) MacGregor Mathers (8 January 1854 – 5 or 20 November 1918), born Samuel Liddell Mathers, was a British occultist and member of the S.R.I.A. He is primarily known as one of the three founders of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, a ceremonial magic order of which offshoots still exist. He became so synonymous with the order that Golden Dawn scholar Israel Regardie observed in retrospect that "the Golden Dawn was MacGregor Mathers."
Logistics specialist
The logistics specialist (LS) is a US Navy enlisted rating that was created on 1 October, 2009 by the merger of the storekeeper (SK) and postal clerk (PC) ratings. It also included the previous functions of the former aviation storekeeper (AK) rating, which was previously merged into the former storekeeper (SK) rating on 1 January 2003.

Postal clerk (United States Navy)
Postal clerk (abbreviated as PC) was a  United States Navy occupational rating.

Postal clerks:

Operate US Navy post offices

Supervise, organize and establish or disestablish a US Navy post office

Perform postal counter work, including sale of stamps and money orders

Process incoming and outgoing mail

Route mail

Maintain a mail directory

Process official mail

Maintain security of postal effects and mail matter

Process claims and inquiries

Prepare and file postal correspondence, records and reports
Fredericka Mandelbaum
Fredericka "Marm" Mandelbaum (March 25, 1825 – February 26, 1894) operated as a criminal fence to many of the street gangs and criminals of New York's underworld, handling between $1–5 million in stolen goods between 1862 and 1884. Like her principal rival John D. Grady and the Grady Gang, she also became a matriarch to the criminal elements of the city and was involved in financing and organizing numerous burglaries and other criminal operations throughout the post-American Civil War era. With George Leonidas Leslie, she was involved in the 1869 Ocean National Bank robbery and the 1878 Manhattan Savings Institution robbery.

John D. Grady
John D. "Traveling Mike" Grady (died September 30, 1880) was a New York criminal and, as leader of the Grady Gang, financed and organized many of the major burglaries of the 19th century. One of the most prominent fences in the underworld, he was a rival of Fredericka Mandelbaum.

Although a diamond broker by profession, Grady was known in New York and throughout the United States a major figure in the criminal world during the mid-to-late 19th century. He reportedly made a frequent habit of carrying a satchel which he often claimed contained valuables from watches to diamonds and jewelry which he boasted valued between $125,000-$150,000.

His body was found in his Sixth Avenue office and, although relatives believed his death to be foul play, an autopsy reported he had died of cardiac congestion related to his suffering from pneumonia during the previous months.
Udhampur
Udhampur (ˌʊd̪ʱəmpur) is a city and a municipal council in Udhampur district in the Indian union territory of  Jammu and Kashmir. It is the headquarters of Udhampur District. Named after Raja Udham Singh, it serves as the district capital and the Northern Command headquarters of the Indian Army. A Forward Base Support Unit (FBSU) of the Indian Air Force is also stationed here. Udhampur is used by the Armed Forces as a transit point between Jammu and Srinagar when travelling by road on National Highway 1A, which has since been renamed as National Highway 44.

Tourist attractions include Patnitop, Panchari Landhar, Ladha Dhar, Dudu Basantgarh, Ramnagar, Yug Dhar, Shivgarh, Sudhmahadev, Mantali International Yoga Center, Benesangh, and Chenani Nashri Tunnel.

Udhampur district
Udhampur district is an administrative district in the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. Covering an area of 4,550 square kilometres (1,760 sq mi) in the Himalayan mountains, the district has its headquarters in the town of Udhampur. The Northern Command headquarters of the Indian Army is located in the district.
MMSAT-1
MMSAT-1 (also known as Lawkanat-1) was a Burmese microsatellite launched to the International Space Station (ISS) on 20 February 2021 and deployed into orbit from the ISS on 22 March 2021. It was Myanmar's first microsatellite and jointly built by Japan's Hokkaido University and Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University. It was delivered to the ISS by the American cargo spacecraft Cygnus NG-15. MMSAT-1 was temporarily held on ISS and its deployment was delayed due to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. It was deployed into orbit on 22 March 2021.

MMSAT-1 was intended to be used not only for environmental observation and mineral exploration, but also for natural disaster control, but human rights activists worried that the satellite could be used for military purposes. According to Hokkaido University, as Myanmar did not yet have the necessary equipment, the satellite would initially be operated from Japan.

MMSAT-1 reentered the atmosphere on 4 April 2023.

Cygnus NG-15
Cygnus NG-15, previously known as OA-15, was the fifteenth launch of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its fourteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 20 February 2021 at 17:36:50 UTC. This is the fourth launch of Cygnus under the CRS-2 contract.

Orbital ATK (now Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems) and NASA jointly developed a new space transportation system to provide commercial cargo resupply services to the International Space Station (ISS). Under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, Orbital ATK designed, acquired, built, and assembled these components: Antares, a medium-class launch vehicle; Cygnus, an advanced spacecraft using a Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) provided by industrial partner Thales Alenia Space of Turin, Italy, and a Service Module based on the Orbital GEOStar satellite bus.
Club cell
Club cells, also known as bronchiolar exocrine cells, are low columnar/cuboidal cells with short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs. They were formerly known as Clara cells.

Club cells are found in the ciliated simple epithelium. These cells may secrete glycosaminoglycans to protect the bronchiole lining. Bronchiolar cells gradually increase in number as the number of goblet cells decrease.

One of the main functions of club cells is to protect the bronchiolar epithelium. They do this by secreting a small variety of products, including club cell secretory protein uteroglobin, and a solution similar in composition to pulmonary surfactant. They are also responsible for detoxifying harmful substances inhaled into the lungs. Club cells accomplish this with cytochrome P450 enzymes found in their smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Club cells also act as a stem cell, multiplying and differentiating into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium.

Bronchiole
The bronchioles (/ˈbrɑːŋkioʊls/ BRONG-kee-ohls) are the smaller branches of the bronchial airways in the lower respiratory tract. They include the terminal bronchioles, and finally the respiratory bronchioles that mark the start of the respiratory zone delivering air to the gas exchanging units of the alveoli. The bronchioles no longer contain the cartilage that is found in the bronchi, or glands in their submucosa.
Lovat Castle
Lovat Castle was a castle in the Highlands of Scotland, near Kirkhill and Beauly. The castle stood on the south bank of the River Beauly. Originally known as Beauly Castle, it was built by the Bissets in the 11th-12th century. The castle came into the Frasers' hands with the marriage of Simon Fraser to a Bissett heiress in the 13th century.

Nothing remains of the castle. It is now the site of farm buildings at Wester Lovat. The castle was dismantled for building materials in 1671. The stone and oak beams were ferried over the River Beauly to a new site.

Clan Fraser of Lovat
Clan Fraser of Lovat (Scottish Gaelic: Friseal [ˈkʰl̪ˠãũn̪ˠ ˈfɾʲiʃəl̪ˠ]) is a Highland Scottish clan and the principal branch of Clan Fraser. The Frasers of Lovat are strongly associated with Inverness and the surrounding area since the Clan's founder gained lands there in the 13th century.

The Clan Fraser of Lovat in Inverness-shire has historically dominated local politics and been active in every major military conflict involving Scotland. It has also played a considerable role in most major political turmoils. "Fraser" remains the most prominent family name within the Inverness area. The Clan's current chief is Simon Fraser, the 16th Lord Lovat, and 25th Chief of Clan Fraser.