hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A-flat clarinet
The A-flat (A♭) clarinet is the highest-pitched instrument of the clarinet family still manufactured. It is just over half the length of the common B♭ clarinet and pitched a minor seventh higher, a perfect fourth higher than the E♭ clarinet. As a transposing instrument it sounds a minor sixth higher than written, thus the lowest written note E3 sounds as concert C4 (middle C).
Around the beginning of the 19th century, several small clarinets in different pitches appeared. The A♭ clarinet was adopted in European wind bands, particularly in Italy where it has appeared in Verdi's opera banda parts and survived to the present day in military bands. It is sometimes called for in contemporary classical music, in works by composers Béla Bartók and John Tavener, and in large clarinet choir works. It is manufactured by Italian makers Ripamonti, Mario Corso, and Orsi, and in Germany by Dietz Klarinettenbau (in G), Foag Klarinetten, Herbert Wurlitzer, and Schwenk & Seggelke.

Clarinet family
The clarinet family is a woodwind instrument family of various sizes and types of clarinets, including the common soprano clarinet in B♭ and A, bass clarinet, and sopranino E♭ clarinet.

Clarinets that aren't the standard B♭ or A clarinets are sometimes known as harmony clarinets. There are many differently pitched clarinet types that may be grouped into sub-families, but grouping and terminology vary; the list below reflects popular usage.
A Cambodian Spring
A Cambodian Spring is a 2016 British documentary film directed and produced by Christopher Kelly, focusing on a conflict over plans to develop the Boeung Kak lake in the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh. The film premiered under the title The Cause of Progress at the 2016 Sheffield DocFest. It also showed at the Hot Docs festival in Toronto, Canada in May 2017. It was released theatrically in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 18 May 2018.

Shukaku Inc.
Shukaku Inc. is a private development company based in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It is headed by Senator Lau Meng Khin from the Cambodian People's Party and chairman of the Cambodian Chamber of Commerce who also directs the Pheapimex Group.

The company filled in the Boeung Kak lake in central Phnom Penh amid controversy and protests, and is now undertaking commercial development there.
Tochinoumi Teruyoshi
Tochinoumi Teruyoshi (Japanese: 栃ノ海 晃嘉; born Shigehiro Hanada (花田 茂廣, Hanada Shigehiro); 13 March 1938 – 29 January 2021) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Aomori. He was the sport's 49th yokozuna, earning promotion in 1964. He was somewhat overshadowed by his yokozuna contemporaries Taihō and Kashiwado, but he was a noted technician and earlier in his career won six special prizes for Technique. He was one of the lightest yokozuna ever at just 110 kg. After his retirement from active competition in 1966 he was a coach at Kasugano stable, and was head coach from 1990 until his retirement in 2003.

Inakadate, Aomori
Inakadate (田舎館村, Inakadate-mura) is a village in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2023,  the village had an estimated population of 7,420 in 2845 households, and a population density of 362 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 22.35 square kilometres (8.63 sq mi).
Wei Yuansong
Wei Yuansong (simplified Chinese: 卫元嵩; traditional Chinese: 衛元嵩) was a former Buddhist monk who convinced Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou to abolish Buddhism. In 567, he submitted a memorial to the emperor stating that because Buddhist temples were against the interests of the nation, they should be abolished and Buddhist monastics return to a lay life. His memorial was greatly influenced Emperor Wu's decision to outlaw Buddhism in 574. Buddhist scriptures and images were destroyed and Buddhist priests and nuns were returned to lay life. This is counted as one of the Four Buddhist Persecutions in China.

Four Buddhist Persecutions in China
The Four Buddhist Persecutions in China (Chinese: 三武一宗法難) were the wholesale suppression of Buddhism carried out on four occasions from the 5th through the 10th century by four Chinese emperors: Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou dynasty, Emperor Wuzong of the Tang dynasty, and Emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou dynasty. The first three events are collectively known as the Three Disasters of Wu (Chinese: 三武之禍; pinyin: sān wǔ zhī huò); they were named as such because the posthumous names or temple names of all three emperors who carried out the persecutions included the character Wu (武).
Cotillion
The cotillion (also cotillon or French country dance) is a social dance, popular in 18th-century Europe and North America. Originally for four couples in square formation, it was a courtly version of an English country dance, the forerunner of the quadrille and, in the United States, the square dance.

It was for some fifty years regarded as an ideal finale to a ball but was eclipsed in the early 19th century by the quadrille. It became so elaborate that it was sometimes presented as a concert dance performed by trained and rehearsed dancers. The later "German" cotillion included more couples as well as plays and games.

Debutante
A debutante, also spelled débutante (/ˈdɛbjʊtɑːnt/ DEB-yuu-tahnt; from French: débutante [debytɑ̃t], 'female beginner'), or deb is a young woman of aristocratic or upper-class family background who has reached maturity and is presented to society at a formal "debut" (UK: /ˈdeɪbjuː, ˈdɛbjuː/ DAY-byoo, DEB-yoo, US: /deɪˈbjuː/ day-BYOO; French: début [deby]) or debutante ball. Originally, the term indicated that the woman was old enough to be married, and one purpose of her "coming out" was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families with a view to marriage within a select circle.

A debutante ball, sometimes called a coming-out party, is a formal ball that includes presenting debutantes during the social season, usually during the spring or summer. Debutante balls may require prior instruction in social etiquette and appropriate morals.
Donnacona
Chief Donnacona (died c. 1539 in France) was the chief of the St. Lawrence Iroquois village of Stadacona, located at the present site of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. French explorer Jacques Cartier, concluding his second voyage to what is now Canada, kidnapped Donnacona along with nine other Iroquois captives, and brought them to France, where Donnacona died. Later Cartier would make a third voyage to the same area.

Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier (Breton: Jakez Karter; 31 December 1491 – 1 September 1557) was a French maritime explorer from Brittany. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of Canadas" after the Iroquoian names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island).

Jacques Cartier, author of now-lost maps and accounts of his voyages, was the first European to describe and name this region and its inhabitants—at a time when the Spanish had already settled in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central America, and were beginning their conquest of Peru.
Old Hutton and Holmescales
Old Hutton and Holmescales is a civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district, in the county of Cumbria, England. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 357, increasing  at the 2011 census to 417.  The parish is bordered by the civil parishes of New Hutton, Stainton, Preston Richard, Preston Patrick, Killington, and Lupton.

The parish includes the villages and hamlets of Old Hutton, Holmescales and Middleshaw. There are eight listed buildings in Old Hutton and Holmescales, one of grade II* and seven of grade II.

Holmescales was described in 1870–1872 as "a hamlet in Old Hutton-with-Holmescales township".

Old Hutton
Old Hutton is a village in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It is in the civil parish of Old Hutton and Holmescales In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 357, increasing  at the 2011 census to 417.

The parish church, dedicated to St John the Baptist, is in the Kendal Deanery of the Diocese of Carlisle.
Joy Electric
Joy Electric is the brand label for a series of electropop/synthpop productions by Ronnie Martin. Martin began producing music under the Joy Electric name in 1994, after the demise of Dance House Children, a band Ronnie was in with his brother Jason Martin of Starflyer 59. Starflyer 59 bass player and Velvet Blue Music owner Jeff Cloud joined Joy Electric from 1996 until 2002.

Joy Electric disbanded in 2012 when Ronnie Martin entered seminary. Martin has since released music under his own name, saying it was "a chance to start over, to have a blank slate."

Keith Green
Keith Gordon Green (October 21, 1953 – July 28, 1982) was an American pianist, singer, songwriter, and musician. Originally from Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, New York, Green is known as a pioneer in the Christian contemporary genre. His most notable songs are "Oh Lord You're Beautiful" "Grace by Which I Stand" and "Asleep in The Light," written by Keith Green; "There Is a Redeemer", written by his wife Melody Green, "Your Love Broke Through,” written by Keith Green, Todd Fishkind, and Randy Stonehill. "I Want To Be More Like Jesus," written by Keith and Melody Green, and Kelly Willard.
SerenityOS
SerenityOS is a free and open source desktop operating system. It features a preemptive kernel, currently supports x86-64, ARM, and RISC-V based computers, and hosts multiple complex applications including its own web browser and integrated development environment (IDE).

SerenityOS began development in 2018 as a solo project by Swedish programmer Andreas Kling. It is maintained by a community of hobbyists on GitHub where it is described as "a love letter to '90s user interfaces with a custom Unix-like core" that "does not cater to non-technical users".

Hobbyist operating system
The development of a hobbyist operating system is one of the more involved and technical options for a computer hobbyist. The definition of a hobby operating system can sometimes be vague. It can be from the developer's view, where the developers do it just for fun or learning; it can also be seen from the user's view, where the users are only using it as a novelty; or it can be defined as an operating system which doesn't have a very big user base.

Development can begin from existing resources like a kernel, an operating system, or a bootloader, or it can also be made completely from scratch. The development platform could be a bare hardware machine, which is the nature of an operating system, but it could also be developed and tested on a virtual machine. Since the hobbyist must claim more ownership for adapting a complex system to the ever-changing needs of the technical terrain, much enthusiasm is common amongst the  different groups attracted to operating system development.
Gary McSpadden
Gary McSpadden (January 26, 1943 – April 15, 2020) was an American pastor, singer, songwriter, record producer, television host and motivational speaker. He had musical roots in quartet music and Southern gospel with The Statesmen, the Oak Ridge Boys, the Imperials, the Bill Gaither Trio, and The Gaither Vocal Band. McSpadden's songs include "Jesus Lord To Me", "Hallelujah Praise The Lamb", and  "No Other Name But Jesus". He has produced albums for numerous groups. In 1987, he co-hosted PTL Today after Jim Bakker resigned. McSpadden went on to produce television programs, including the "Jubilee" concert series filmed at Silver Dollar City in Branson, Missouri. He also produced and starred in several live music shows in the Branson area during the 1990s and 2000s.

The Statesmen Quartet
The Statesmen Quartet (also known as Hovie Lister and The Statesmen Quartet) were an American southern gospel quartet founded in 1948 by Baptist Minister Hovie Lister. Along with the Blackwood Brothers, the Statesmen Quartet were considered the most successful and influential gospel quartet of the 1950s and 1960s and had a wide influence on artists during that time from the gospel, country, pop, and rock and roll genre. Along with hits spanning many decades, The Statesmen Quartet had many notable successes including being the first Gospel group to receive endorsement deals. Additionally, they made television commercials, appeared on numerous radio and TV shows, and were signed to RCA Victor before launching their own record label, Skylite Records, with The Blackwood Brothers.
Yerpedu
Yerpedu (or Erpedu) is a place situated in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Tirupati neighborhood and is located near Sri Kalahasti. It falls in the jurisdictional limit of Tirupati Urban Development Authority. It is the mandal headquarters of Yerpedu mandal. IISER Tirupati and IIT Tirupati are both located in Yerpedu.

Tirupati Urban Development Authority
The Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA) is a government agency and the principal planning authority for Tirupati and its neighbourhood areas in Tirupati District and Chittoor district  partially of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was notified on 6 November 1981 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh as per Andhra Pradesh Urban Areas Development Act 1975 and is headquartered at Tirupati. At present it covers the jurisdictional area of 4,527 km2 (1,748 sq mi), which covers Tirupati, Tirumala, Renigunta, Chandragiri, Yerpedu, Puttur, Sri Kalahasti, Nagari, Sathyavedu, Karvetinagaram and 160 surrounding villages.
Guy IX de Laval
Guy IX de Laval (c. 1270 – 22 January 1333) was a member of the House of Laval. He was Seigneur de Laval and d'Acquigny, of Beaumont-du-Gâtinais, Viscomte de Rennes, Comte de Caserte in Campania and Baron de Vitré.

House of Laval
The House of Laval is a family of barons, later counts, coming from the town of Laval, located in Northwestern France, part of the province of Maine before the French Revolution. The Laval were one of the most powerful families of Maine during the Middle Ages and also had a presence in Brittany, where their prestige was similar to that of the Rohan. The House of Laval played a significant role in Breton history and during the Hundred Years War and the French Wars of Religion. They also favored the French Renaissance in Northwestern France, building several châteaux. The last male heir died during the 17th century, and his possessions went to the House of La Trémoille.

François de Laval was the first Roman Catholic bishop of Quebec; the city of Laval, Quebec, and the Université Laval were named after him.
Notothenia
Notothenia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes with the species in this genus often having the common name of rockcod. They are native to the Southern Ocean and other waters around Antarctica.

Nototheniidae
In some scientific literature, the term "cod icefish" is used to identify members of this family. This should not be confused with the term "icefish," which refers to the "white-blooded" fishes of the family Channichthyidae. See Icefish (disambiguation).

Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes, is a family of ray-finned fishes, part of the suborder Notothenioidei which is traditionally placed within the order Perciformes. They are largely found in the Southern Ocean.
GDDR SDRAM
Graphics DDR SDRAM (GDDR SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) specifically designed for applications requiring high bandwidth, e.g. graphics processing units (GPUs). GDDR SDRAM is distinct from the more widely known types of DDR SDRAM, such as DDR4 and DDR5, although they share some of the same features—including double data rate (DDR) data transfers. As of 2025, GDDR SDRAM has been succeeded by GDDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4, GDDR5, GDDR5X, GDDR6, GDDR6X, GDDR6W and GDDR7.

GDDR7 SDRAM
Graphics Double Data Rate 7 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (GDDR7 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous graphics random-access memory (SGRAM) with a high-bandwidth, "double data rate" interface, designed for use in graphics cards and high-performance computing. It is a type of GDDR SDRAM (graphics DDR SDRAM), and is the successor to GDDR6.
Klakki
Klakki (known as Exista until 2011) is an Icelandic financial services group formerly listed on the Iceland Stock Exchange. Its activities are based primarily on insurance underwriting and other financial services, although it is also active in investments. The group's primary market is the Nordic countries.

Bakkavör
Bakkavor Group plc (originally Bakkavör) was an international food manufacturing company specialising in fresh prepared foods. With its headquarters in London, England, it operated 46 manufacturing sites in the UK, US, and previously China.

Previously listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE), it was acquired by Greencore in January 2026.
Mount Bachelor Academy
Mount Bachelor Academy (known as MBA) was an Oregon private co-educational therapeutic boarding school providing help to families of adolescents experiencing emotional and behavioral disorders including, minor Depressive Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Substance abuse, and ADHD as well as help for teenagers and families struggling with adoption issues. The typical student was between 14 and 18 years of age. The average length of stay was 14 to 16 months.

The facility is located in Ochoco National Forest between the Central Oregon cities of Prineville and Mitchell and could accommodate 110 individuals.

Aspen Education Group
Aspen Education Group is an American company that provides controversial therapeutic interventions for adolescents and young adults, including wilderness therapy programs, residential treatment centers, therapeutic boarding schools, and weight loss programs, which have been accused of torture and abuse. Since November 2006, Aspen Education Group, with corporate offices located in Cerritos, California has been a division of Bain Capital's CRC Health.
The Towers, Manchester
The Towers (later known as the Shirley Institute, and then the BTTG) is a research establishment for new technologies in cotton production. The Shirley Institute was established in 1920 at a cost of £10,000 to accommodate the newly formed British Cotton Industry Research Association. It is a Grade II* listed building in the suburb of Didsbury, located 6 miles (10 km) south of the centre of Manchester, England.

Didsbury
Didsbury is a suburb of Manchester, England, on the north bank of the River Mersey, 5 miles (8 kilometres) south of Manchester city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 26,788.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, there are records of Didsbury existing as a small hamlet as early as the 13th century. Its early history was dominated by being part of the Manor of Withington, a feudal estate that covered a large part of what is now the south of Manchester. Didsbury was described during the 18th century as a township separate from outside influence. In 1745 a section of the Jacobite army including the Duke of Perth crossed the Mersey at Didsbury in the Jacobite march south from Manchester to Derby.

Didsbury was largely rural until the mid-19th century, when it underwent development and urbanisation during the Industrial Revolution. It became part of Manchester in 1904.

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds was formed in Didsbury in 1889.
Kiawah people
The Kiawah were a tribe of Cusabo people, an alliance of Indigenous groups in lowland regions of the coastal region by Charleston, South Carolina.

When English colonists arrived and settled on the Ashley River, the Kiawah were friendly.

The Kiawah and the Etiwan tribe were the two principal Cusabo tribes close to the Charleston Harbor. While some other South Carolinian lowland tribes were not consistently associated with the Cusabo, the Kiawah were consistently a part of the Cusabo. The first record of Kiawah Cusabo alliance membership was in a 1707 agreement, in which the Kiawah were mentioned.

Kiawah Island, South Carolina
Kiawah (/ˈkiəwə/ KEY-ə-wə) is a sea island, or barrier island, on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Located 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Charleston in Charleston County, South Carolina, it is a seasonal beach and golf community. It is home to the Kiawah Island Golf Resort, with vacation houses and condos, beaches, golf courses, and other resort-like amenities. As of the 2020 census, Kiawah Island's full-time population was 2,013, up from 1,163 at the 2000 census. During the busy season, the population balloons to over 10,000. The island is part of the Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. Alternative spellings and variants of the name itself include "Kiawa", "Kittiwar" (in DuBose Heyward's novel Porgy), and "Kittiwah" (in George Gershwin's opera Porgy and Bess). The island, has a per capita income of $47,782, the fifth highest in South Carolina.
Mohawk Chapel
His Majesty's Royal Chapel of the Mohawks in Brantford, Ontario is the oldest surviving church building in Ontario and was the first Anglican church in Upper Canada. It is one of only three Chapels Royal in Canada. In 1981, the chapel was designated a National Historic Site of Canada.

Six Nations of the Grand River
Six Nations (or Six Nations of the Grand River) is demographically the largest First Nations reserve in Canada. As of the end of 2017, it has a total of 27,276 members, 12,848 of whom live on the reserve. The six nations of the Iroquois Confederacy are the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca and Tuscarora. Some Lenape (also known as Delaware) live in the territory as well.

The Six Nations reserve is bordered by the County of Brant, Norfolk County, and Haldimand County, with a subsection reservation, the New Credit Reserve, located within its boundaries. The acreage at present covers some 46,000 acres (190 km2) near the city of Brantford, Ontario. This represents approximately 8% of the original 550,000 acres (2,200 km2) of land granted to the Six Nations by the 1784 Haldimand Proclamation.
August Brand
August Brand (19 August 1863 – 17 September 1930) was a German philologist and botanist.

Brand was born in Berlin. He studied classical philology at Bonn and Berlin, obtaining his doctorate in 1885 with the thesis "De dialectis Aeolicis quae dicuntur". From 1885 to 1910 he taught classes in Frankfurt an der Oder, where he came under the influence of botanist Ernst Huth (1845–1897). From 1910 onward, he was an instructor at the gymnasium in Sorau. He died in Sorau, aged 67.

Ernst Huth
Ernst Huth (27 December 1845, Potsdam – 5 August 1897) was a German naturalist and botanist.

He studied mathematics and natural sciences in Berlin, later working as a secondary school teacher in Frankfurt an der Oder. Beginning in 1883 he published the Monatliche Mittheilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Regierungsbezirkes Frankfurt, in which he was the author of numerous scientific articles.

He is known for his treatment of the botanical family Ranunculaceae, of which he was the taxonomic author of many species, especially plants within the genus Delphinium. In 1908 August Brand named the genus Huthia (synonym Cantua, family Polemoniaceae) in his honor.
Great Day for Up!
Great Day for Up! is a  children's book written by Dr. Seuss and illustrated by Quentin Blake. It was published by Random House on August 28, 1974. It is the first book credited to Seuss not illustrated by the author himself, though Seuss had previously collaborated with illustrators on other books under the pen name Theo LeSieg.

Quentin Blake
Sir Quentin Saxby Blake (born 16 December 1932) is an English cartoonist, caricaturist, illustrator and children's writer. He has illustrated over 300 books, including 18 written by Roald Dahl, which are among his most popular works. For his lasting contribution as a children's illustrator, Blake won the biennial international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2002, the highest recognition available to creators of children's books. From 1999 to 2001, he was the inaugural British Children's Laureate. Blake is a patron of the Association of Illustrators.