hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Revisionist just war theory
Revisionist just war theory is a development of just war theory that, unlike traditional just war theory, seeks to integrate jus ad bellum and jus in bello, therefore rejecting many traditional beliefs such as moral equality of combatants. Revisionists argue that international law is at best a pragmatic fiction—it lacks deeper moral foundations.

Additionally, the distinctive methodologies associated with the use of nuclear weapons to wage mass war in the modern era, have also led some "nonreductive" revisionists question the relevance the just war theory itself. Such particular criticisms are more limited in scope, however, than the generalized objections which have been raised by both realists and pacifists.

Moral equality of combatants
The moral equality of combatants (MEC) or moral equality of soldiers is the principle that soldiers fighting on both sides of a war are equally honorable, unless they commit war crimes, regardless of whether they fight for a just cause. MEC is a key element underpinning international humanitarian law (IHL)—which applies the rules of war equally to both sides—and traditional just war theory. According to philosopher Henrik Syse, MEC presents a serious quandary because "it makes as little practical sense to ascribe blame to individual soldiers for the cause of the war in which they fight as it makes theoretical sense to hold the fighters on the two sides to be fully morally equal". The moral equality of combatants has been cited in relation to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict or the U.S.-led wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Senewosret-Ankh
Senewosret-Ankh (or Sesostris-Ankh, Senusret-Ankh; fl. c. 1950 BC) was High Priest of Ptah in Memphis, Royal Sculptor, and Builder likely during the time of Senusret I of the 12th Dynasty.

His mastaba was discovered in 1933 near the pyramid of Senusret I at Lisht. The tomb's superstructure was thoroughly destroyed because the stones had been removed. The tomb was looted in antiquity, but some nice pieces of sculpture were found by the excavators, like a limestone sitting statue of Senewosret-Ankh himself, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (acc. no. 33.1.2a–c). The walls of the burial chamber were decorated with Pyramid Texts.

High Priest of Ptah
The High Priest of Ptah was sometimes referred to as "the Greatest of the Directors of Craftsmanship" (wr-ḫrp-ḥmwt). This title refers to Ptah as the patron god of the craftsmen.

The office of the high priest of Ptah was located in Memphis in Lower Egypt. The temple of Ptah in Memphis was dedicated to Ptah, his consort Sekhmet and their son Nefertem.
Libyan Super Cup
The Libyan Super Cup is a Libyan football championship contested between the winners of the Libyan Premier League and the Alfatih Cup. The game is played at the beginning of the following season, and signals the beginning of the domestic year. The Super Cup was a two-legged final in 1997 but became one-legged from 1998 onwards. Al Ittihad are the most successful club with Eleven titles in total, including 10 consecutive titles from 2002 onwards.

1998 Libyan Super Cup
The 1998 Libyan Super Cup was a football match that took place on Tuesday, November 24, 1998, between LPL winners Al Mahallah and Libyan Al Fatah Cup winners Al Shat. This was the second edition of the competition, and as this was an all-Tripoli final, the match was played at the 11 June Stadium.

Al Mahallah won the match 3–1, and claimed the second Super Cup title.
First Army Air Service
The First Army Air Service was an Air Service, United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I as part of the Air Service, First United States Army.  The First Army Air Service was the largest and most diverse Air Service combat organization of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, and most American Air Service combat units were assigned to it when assigned to the front.

The organization was demobilized in France on 15 April 1919 with the demobilization of the United States First Army. It was reconstituted in the Organized Reserve on 15 October 1921 as Headquarters, First Army Air Service, assigned to the First Army and allotted to the First Corps Area. It was then allotted to the Regular Army in 1928, and then inactivated in December 1929.

Vaucouleurs Aerodrome
Vaucouleurs Aerodrome,  was a temporary World War I airfield in France.  It was located 2.1 miles (3.4 km) West-Northwest of  Vaucouleurs, in the Meuse department of France, and approximately 270 km (170 mi) east of Paris.
Manuel Tolsá
Manuel Vicente Tolsá Sarrión (Enguera, Valencia, Spain, May 4, 1757 – Mexico City, December 24, 1816) was a prolific Neoclassical architect and sculptor in Spain and New Spain. He served as the first director of the Academy of San Carlos.

Equestrian statue of Charles IV of Spain
The equestrian statue of Charles IV of Spain (also known as El Caballito) is a bronze sculpture cast  by Manuel Tolsá built between 1796 and 1803 in Mexico City, Mexico in honour of King Charles IV of Spain, then the last ruler of the New Spain (later Mexico). This statue has been displayed in different points of the city and is considered one of the finest achievements of Mr. Tolsá. It now resides in Plaza Manuel Tolsá.
2017 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup
The 2017 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup  was the third staging of the Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup. The tournament was held from 20 July to 28 July 2017 and was originally planned to be held in Sydney, Australia, as part of the 2017 Festival of World Cups but was relocated to France.
The tournament was won by France who defeated England 38–34 in the final in Perpignan to retain the title.

Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup
The Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup is an international wheelchair rugby league tournament contested by the top national teams. The tournament was first held in Australia as part of the 2008 Festival of World Cups and was upgraded to a centrepiece event in 2021.
East Meadow High School
East Meadow High School is a public high school in East Meadow, New York. It is one of two high schools, along with W. T. Clarke High School, in the East Meadow Union Free School District. The school was founded in 1953 and serves students in grades 9−12. As of the 2023–24 school year, the school enrolled 1517 students.

East Meadow, New York
East Meadow is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) within the Town of Hempstead in the central portion of Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 37,796 at the time of the 2020 census.

Many of the hamlet's residents commute to Manhattan, located approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the west.
The Second Coming (poem)
"The Second Coming" is a poem written by Irish poet William Butler Yeats in 1919, first printed in The Dial in November 1920 and included in his 1921 collection of verses Michael Robartes and the Dancer. The poem uses Christian imagery regarding the Apocalypse and Second Coming to describe allegorically the atmosphere of post-war Europe. It is considered a canonical work of modernist poetry and has been reprinted in several collections, including The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry.

1920 in poetry
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,–
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory,
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est
Pro patria mori.

— Wilfred Owen, concluding lines of "Dulce et Decorum est", written 1917, published posthumously this year

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
Bengt Nordenberg
Bengt Nordenberg (April 22, 1822 – December 18, 1902) was a Swedish artist. He  belonged to the Düsseldorf school of painting and is best known for his genre paintings with everyday life scenes from the Dalarna, Skåne and Blekinge areas of Sweden. He moved to Düsseldorf in the 1850s.

Düsseldorf School of painting
The Düsseldorf School of painting is a term referring to a group of painters who taught or studied at the Düsseldorf Academy (now the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf or Düsseldorf State Art Academy) roughly between 1819 and 1918, first directed by the painter Wilhelm von Schadow.
Thái Nguyên province
Thái Nguyên (Vietnamese pronunciation: [t̺ʰǎj ŋʷiə̄n]) is a province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. It is a mountainous, inland province. Its multi-ethnic society is composed of eight ethnic groups.

With its rich mineral resources and salubrious climate, the province offers significant opportunities for industrial development for both domestic and foreign investors. Thái Nguyên is also known as an educational centre and ranks 3rd nationwide, having 21 universities and colleges. The province is also the centre of tea industry in the country with an area of 16,000 ha. (second only to Lâm Đồng) with a production of 100,000 tonnes (98,000 long tons; 110,000 short tons) per year. Its dried tea production is 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons; 28,000 short tons) per year. The tea produced here is considered to have the finest quality throughout Vietnam.

Northeast (Vietnam)
Đông Bắc (literally "Northeast" from Chinese: 東北; pinyin: Dōngběi) is the region to the north of the Red River Delta in Vietnam, bordering China. It is called Northeast to distinguish it from the Tây Bắc (Chinese: 西北; pinyin: Xīběi) or "Northwest", but it is actually in the north and northeast of Hanoi, wider than Việt Bắc (Chinese: 越北联区; pinyin: Yuè Běi Lián Qū) or "Northern Vietnam". The Northeast is one of three sub-regions of Northern Vietnam (the other two sub-regions are the Northwest and the Red River Delta). Sometimes the Northeast includes the Red River Delta.
1962 Aga Khan Gold Cup
The 1962 Aga Khan Gold Cup was the fifth edition of the Aga Khan Gold Cup. The tournament was organized by the East Pakistan Sports Federation (EPSF) and all games were held at the Dhaka Stadium in Dhaka, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), from 27 September 1962 to 20 October 1962. The matches lasted 70 minutes.

Aga Khan Gold Cup
The Aga Khan Gold Cup was a tournament played in Dhaka, Bangladesh which invited the club sides from leading football nations of Asia to compete. Many renowned football pundits regard this competition as a predecessor of the AFC Champions League (held for the first time in 1967), since it was the first organized international competition that involved club teams around the continent. From the late 1950s to the early 1980s, it was a prestigious tournament among Asian clubs.
Datto Vaman Potdar
Dattatray Vaman Potdar (5 August 1890 – 6 October 1979), better known as Datto Vaman Potdar, was an Indian historian, writer, and orator. He was the Vice-Chancellor of University of Pune from 1961 to 1964.

The British colonial Government of India had honored Potdar with the title Mahamahopadhyaya in 1946. He was honored by government of india with Padmabhushan in 1967. Because of his vast knowledge, he was sometimes called as Dr. Johnson of Maharashtra or a living encyclopedia.

Potdar was a disciple of the historian Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade, and served as a trustee of Pune based  Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal (इतिहास संशोधक मंडळ) founded by Rajwade. His  disciples included Pandurang Sadashiv Sane, Swami Swaroopanand, Vasudeo Sitaram Bendrey, Sethu Madhav Rao Pagadi, and Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere.

Shikshan Prasarak Mandali
The Shikshan Prasarak Mandali, Pune, is one of the private educational societies in Maharashtra. It was established in 1883 with the aim of imparting western education in Marathi language but without any help from the then British government. The Nutan Marathi Vidyalaya (NuMaVi) was established by this society in the same year in the memory of Marathi writer and scholar Vishnushastri Chiplunkar. In 1916 it went on to establish the New Poona College (later named as Sir Parshurambhau College) for arts.

Lokmanya Tilak, Gopalkrishna Gokhale, N. C. Kelkar and  Datto Vaman Potdar were closely associated with its rapid growth and development.
Special Operation Forces (Jordan)
King Abdullah II Royal Special Forces Command (Arabic: قيادة قوات الملك عبدالله الثاني الخاصة الملكية), are strategic-level special forces of the Royal Jordanian Army under the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF). Founded on April 15, 1963, on the orders of King Hussein, its primary roles include reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, search and evacuation, intelligence gathering combat, and the protection of key sites. The KA II Special Forces Command are also charged with carrying out precision strikes against critical enemy targets. The unit is equipped and trained to be able to operate behind enemy lines for long periods without any logistical support and is considered some of the best in the Middle East.

Royal Jordanian Army
The Royal Jordanian Army (Arabic: اَلْقُوَّاتُ ٱلْبَرِّيَّةُ ٱلْأُرْدُنِيَّةُ; lit. 'Jordanian Ground Forces') is the ground force branch of the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF). It draws its origins from units such as the Arab Legion, formed in the British Mandate of Transjordan in the 1920s. It has seen combat against Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973. The Army also fought the Syrians and the PLO during Black September in 1970.
Lyminge
Lyminge /lɪmɪndʒ/ ⓘ is a village and civil parish in southeast Kent, England. It lies about five miles (8 km) from Folkestone and the Channel Tunnel, on the road passing through the Elham Valley. At the 2011 Census the population of Etchinghill was included. The Nailbourne begins in the village and flows north through the valley, to become one of the tributaries of the Great Stour. The hamlet of Ottinge lies to the NE on the road to Elham. Lyminge is home to the Grade II* listed Sibton Park, now owned by the Holiday Property Bond but previously a school.

The village is surrounded by farmland and ancient forests. There is a wide variety of flora and fauna in the surrounding area, including badgers and various species of deer, along with wild boar, which are thought to have escaped from farms.

Lyminge was a royal centre of the Kingdom of Kent of Anglo-Saxon England and a church was founded in 633.

Elham, Kent
Elham (/ˈiːləm/ ⓘ) is a village and civil parish in East Kent situated approximately 9 miles (14 km) south of Canterbury and 5 miles (8 km) north west of Folkestone in the Elham Valley. At the 2011 Census the population included the hamlet of Ottinge and village of Wingmore.
Internal structure of Earth
The internal structure of Earth is the spatial variation of chemical and physical properties in the solid earth. The primary structure is a series of layers: an outer silicate crust, a mechanically weak asthenosphere, a solid mantle, a liquid outer core whose flow generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a solid inner core.

Scientific understanding of the internal structure of Earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanoes or volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through Earth, measurements of the gravitational and magnetic fields of Earth, and experiments with crystalline solids at pressures and temperatures characteristic of Earth's deep interior.

Earth's mantle
Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. It has a mass of 4.01×1024 kg (8.84×1024 lb) and makes up 86% of the mass of Earth. It has a thickness of 2,900 kilometers (1,800 mi) making up about 46% of Earth's radius and 84% of Earth's volume. It is predominantly solid but, on geologic time scales, it behaves as a viscous fluid, sometimes described as having the consistency of caramel. Partial melting of the mantle at mid-ocean ridges produces oceanic crust, and partial melting of the mantle at subduction zones produces continental crust.
Coleotichus blackburniae
Coleotichus blackburniae is a species of insect in the family Scutelleridae, the jewel bugs. It is commonly known as the Koa bug or the Koa shield bug. It has been dubbed the stinkless stink bug for its lack of the malodorous defensive chemicals present in other heteropterans. It is Hawaii's largest endemic true bug.

Scutelleridae
Scutelleridae is a family of true bugs. They are commonly known as jewel (stink) bugs or metallic shield bugs due to their often brilliant coloration. With the name based on the Asian genus Scutellera, they are also known as shield-backed bugs due to the enlargement of the thoracic scutellum into a continuous shield over the abdomen and wings. This latter characteristic distinguishes them from most other families within Heteroptera, and may lead to misidentification as a beetle rather than a bug. These insects use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to feed on plant juices from a variety of different species, including some commercial crops. Closely related to stink bugs, they may also produce an offensive odour when disturbed. There are around 450 species worldwide.
GLAAD Excellence in Media Award
The GLAAD Excellence in Media Award is a special GLAAD Media Award presented annually by the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation at the GLAAD Media Awards ceremony held in New York City. It is presented to public figures in media and entertainment who, through their work, have increased the visibility and understanding of the LGBT community. In 2023, it was named in honor of Barbara Gittings.

GLAAD Media Award
The GLAAD Media Award is a US accolade bestowed by GLAAD to recognize and honor various branches of the media for outstanding portrayals of LGBTQ people and the issues that affect their lives.  In addition to film and television, the Awards also recognize achievements in other branches of the media and arts, including theatre, music, journalism and advertising.

Honorees are selected by a process involving over 700 GLAAD Media Award voters and volunteers and are evaluated using four criteria: "Fair, Accurate and Inclusive Representations" of the LGBT community, "Boldness and Originality" of the project, significant "Cultural Impact" on mainstream culture, and "Overall Quality" of the project.  Results are then certified by a "Review Panel" who determine the final list of recipients based on voting results and their own "expert opinions".

The 1st GLAAD Media Awards ceremony honoring the 1989 season was held in 1990, and recognized 34 nominees in 7 competitive categories.
Krasnochikoysky District
Krasnochikoysky District (Russian: Красночикойский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-one in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai, and borders with Khiloksky District in the north, Ulyotovsky District in the east, and Kyrinsky District in the south.  The area of the district is 28,600 square kilometers (11,000 sq mi).   Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasny Chikoy. Population: 19,453 (2010 Census); 21,576 (2002 Census); 23,061 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasny Chikoy accounts for 36.3% of the district's total population.

Ulyotovsky District
Ulyotovsky District (Russian: Улётовский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-one in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai, and borders with Khiloksky District in the north, Duldurginsky District in the east, Kyrinsky District in the south, and with Krasnochikoysky District in the west.  The area of the district is 16,000 square kilometers (6,200 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Ulyoty. Population: 18,946 (2010 census); 21,337 (2002 Census); 34,669 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ulyoty accounts for 32.0% of the district's total population.
Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat
Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ kap fɛʁa]; Occitan: Sant Joan de Cap Ferrat; Italian: San Giovanni Capo Ferrato) is a resort town and commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2012, Cap Ferrat was named the second most expensive residential location in the world, after Monaco.

Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat is located on a peninsula next to Beaulieu-sur-Mer and Villefranche-sur-Mer and extends out to Cap Ferrat. Its tranquility and warm climate make it a favourite holiday destination among the European aristocracy and international rich who visit the French Riviera.

Cap Ferrat
Cap Ferrat (pronounced [kap fɛʁa]; English: Cape Ferrat) is a cape situated in the Alpes-Maritimes department in Southeastern France. It is located in the commune of Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat.

Hospitius lived there as a recluse during the 6th century. Thus, the cape is sometimes called Cap-Saint-Hospice or Cap-Saint-Sospis. Once the domain of King Leopold II of Belgium, Cap Ferrat now contains several villas, most notably the Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild.
Tiasa Adhya
Tiasa Adhya (born c. 1986) is an Indian conservationist and wildlife biologist. She is known for her work on protecting fishing cats and has received the Nari Shakti Puraskar, the highest civilian award for women in India from the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Govt of India. She is also member of IUCN Cat Specialist Group, IUCN Otter Specialist Group and IUCN Freshwater Conservation Committee and has taken part in the Red List Assessment for Fishing Cats for IUCN.

Nari Shakti Puraskar
The Nari Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award') is an annual award given by the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India to individual women or to institutions that work towards the cause of women empowerment. It is presented by the president of India on International Women's Day (8 March) at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The award was instituted in 1999 under the title of Stree Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award'), renamed and reorganised in 2015. It is awarded in six institutional and two individual categories, which carry a cash prize of 200,000 and 100,000 rupees, respectively.
William Street, Limerick
William Street (Irish: Sráid Liam) is one of the main thoroughfares of central Limerick City, Ireland. The street starts at a junction with O'Connell Street (Limerick's main thoroughfare) and continues in a south-east direction, where it is called Upper William Street. The street is named after William Pery, 1st Baron Glentworth, the brother of Edmund Sexton Pery, who is credited with the development of the present day Limerick City Centre area known as Newtown Pery.

O'Connell Street, Limerick
O'Connell Street is also the main street in Dublin, Ennis, Sligo and in various other towns around Ireland, and also the main street of North Adelaide

O'Connell Street (Irish: Sráid Uí Chonaill) is the main thoroughfare of the city of Limerick. It was previously known as George's Street (after George III) until it was renamed after Daniel O'Connell. The street runs in parallel to the River Shannon and forms part of an overall thoroughfare, along with Rutland Street and Patrick Street, that bisects Limerick City Centre in a northeast to southwest direction. The street is about a mile in length, starting at the Arthurs Quay / Denmark Street junction and ending at The Crescent. A monument to Daniel O'Connell stands at the centre of The Crescent overlooking O'Connell Street. The street is noted for its Georgian architectural heritage.
Comb space
In mathematics, particularly topology, a comb space is a particular subspace of  that resembles a comb. The comb space has properties that serve as a number of counterexamples. The topologist's sine curve has similar properties to the comb space.  The deleted comb space is a variation on the comb space.

Locally connected space
In topology and other branches of mathematics, a topological space X is
locally connected if every point admits a neighbourhood basis consisting of open connected sets.

As a stronger notion, the space X is locally path connected if every point admits a neighbourhood basis consisting of open path connected sets.