hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whitehead's point-free geometry
In mathematics, point-free geometry is a geometry whose primitive ontological notion is region rather than point. Two axiomatic systems are set out below, one grounded in mereology, the other in mereotopology and known as connection theory.

Point-free geometry was first formulated by Alfred North Whitehead, not as a theory of geometry or of spacetime, but of "events" and of an "extension relation" between events. Whitehead's purposes were as much philosophical as scientific and mathematical.

Domain (mathematical analysis)
In mathematical analysis, a domain or region is a non-empty, connected, and open set in a topological space. In particular, it is any non-empty connected open subset of the real coordinate space Rn or the complex coordinate space Cn. A connected open subset of coordinate space is frequently used for the domain of a function.

The basic idea of a connected subset of a space dates from the 19th century, but precise definitions vary slightly from generation to generation, author to author, and edition to edition, as concepts developed and terms were translated between German, French, and English works. In English, some authors use the term domain, some use the term region, some use both terms interchangeably, and some define the two terms slightly differently; some avoid ambiguity by sticking with a phrase such as non-empty connected open subset.
Roger Fry
Roger Eliot Fry (14 December 1866 – 9 September 1934) was an English painter and critic, and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Establishing his reputation as a scholar of the Old Masters, he became an advocate of more recent developments in French painting, to which he gave the name Post-Impressionism. He was an early figure to raise public awareness of modern art in Britain, and he emphasised the formal properties of paintings over the "associated ideas" conjured in the viewer by their representational content. He was described by the art historian Kenneth Clark as "incomparably the greatest influence on taste since Ruskin ... In so far as taste can be changed by one man, it was changed by Roger Fry". The taste Fry influenced was primarily that of the Anglophone world, and his success lay largely in alerting an educated public to a compelling version of recent artistic developments of the Parisian avant-garde.

Courtauld Gallery
The Courtauld Gallery (UK: /ˈkɔːrtoʊld/) is an art museum in Somerset House, on the Strand in central London. It houses the collection of the Samuel Courtauld Trust and operates as an integral part of the Courtauld Institute of Art.

The Courtauld collection was formed largely through donations and bequests, and includes paintings, drawings, sculptures and other works from medieval to modern times. It is particularly known for its French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The collection contains some 530 paintings and over 26,000 drawings and prints. The head of the Courtauld Gallery is Ernst Vegelin. The gallery closed on 3 September 2018 for a major redevelopment, called Courtauld Connects, and reopened on 19 November 2021.

The Courtauld Institute of Art is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art. The director designate of the Courtauld Institute of Art is Professor Mark Hallett.
Borzonasca
Borzonasca is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 35 km (22 mi) east of Genoa.

Borzonasca borders the following municipalities: Mezzanego, Ne, Rezzoaglio, San Colombano Certénoli, Santo Stefano d'Aveto, Tornolo, and Varese Ligure.

Borzonasca is part of the Aveto Natural Regional Park.

Varese Ligure
Varese Ligure (Ligurian: Vaise [ˈvajze]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Genoa and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of La Spezia.

Varese Ligure borders the following municipalities: Albareto, Borzonasca, Carro, Maissana, Ne, Sesta Godano, Tornolo. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Bengħisa Tower
Bengħisa Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Bengħisa), originally known as Torre di Benissa and also referred to as the Red Tower (Maltese: Torri l-Aħmar), was a small watchtower in Bengħisa, within the limits of Birżebbuġa, Malta. It was built in 1659 as the seventh of the De Redin towers, on or near the site of a medieval watch post. An entrenchment was built around the tower in 1761, and it was armed with 10 guns. The tower was demolished by the British to clear the line of fire of the nearby Fort Benghisa in 1915.

The site of the tower and the entrenchment is now occupied by oil tanks forming part of the Malta Freeport.

Fort Benghisa
Fort Benghisa (Maltese: Il-Fortizza ta' Bengħisa) is a polygonal fort in Birżebbuġa, Malta. It was built between 1910 and 1912 by the British on high ground on the seaward face of Benghisa Point, the southern arm of Marsaxlokk Bay. It is the southernmost fortification in Malta.

It was part of a chain of fortifications intended to protect Marsaxlokk Harbour, along with Fort Delimara and Fort Tas-Silġ on Delimara point, the north arm of Marsaxlokk Bay, Fort San Lucian on Kbira point in the middle of the bay, and the Pinto and Ferretti batteries on the coast.
Gustavo Kuerten
Gustavo "Guga" Kuerten (Portuguese: [ɡusˈtavu ˈkiʁtẽ]; born 10 September 1976) is a Brazilian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals for 43 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 2000. Kuerten won 20 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including three majors at the French Open in 1997, 2000, and 2001, as well as the 2000 Tennis Masters Cup. He also won eight doubles titles. Kuerten is regarded as one of the best Brazilian tennis players of all time. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2012. In 2016, Kuerten was a torch bearer for the Rio Olympics.

2000 French Open – Men's singles
Gustavo Kuerten defeated Magnus Norman in the final, 6–2, 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(8–6) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2000 French Open. It was his second French Open title and second major title overall. The final was a rematch of the Rome final a month earlier, in which Norman had prevailed. The final took a dramatic turn in the fourth set, when on match point down, at 15–40 on his own serve, Norman challenged a call that was ruled out, initially ending the match. The umpire overruled in favor of Norman, extending the match, whence Norman would go on to save another nine match points, until 52 points later, Kuerten finally prevailed on the eleventh match point in the fourth-set tiebreak.

Andre Agassi was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Karol Kučera.
Merle Kilgore
Wyatt Merle Kilgore (August 9, 1934 – February 6, 2005) was an American singer, songwriter, and manager. Born in Chickasha, Oklahoma, he was raised in Shreveport, Louisiana.  At the time of his death, he was the personal manager of Hank Williams Jr.

C. E. Byrd High School
C. E. Byrd High School is a public and magnet high school in Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S. It is a Blue Ribbon School, in continuous operation since its establishment in 1925. Byrd students come from its neighborhood, or throughout the entire school district through its selective math/science magnet program. The school building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1991.
Hyundai Motor Company
Hyundai Motor Company, often referred to as Hyundai Motors (Korean: 현대자동차) and commonly known as Hyundai (현대; [ˈhjəːndɛ]; 'modernity'), is a South Korean multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, which was founded in 1967. Currently, the company owns 33.88 percent of Kia Corporation, and owns a luxury cars subsidiary, Genesis. The three brands altogether make up the Hyundai Motor Group.

Hyundai operates the second largest automobile manufacturing facility in the world in Ulsan, South Korea which has an annual production capacity of 1.6 million units. The company employs approximately 75,000 people worldwide. Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through 5,000 dealerships and showrooms. As of November 2024, Hyundai is the world's third-largest carmaker in terms of production, behind competitors Toyota and Volkswagen.

Hyundai Sonata
The Hyundai Sonata (Korean: 현대 쏘나타) is a mid-size car that has been manufactured by Hyundai since 1985. The first generation Sonata, which was introduced in 1985, was a facelifted version of the Hyundai Stellar with an engine upgrade, and was withdrawn from the market in two years due to poor customer reaction. While the nameplate was originally only sold in South Korea, the second generation of 1988 was widely exported.

The Sonata is currently manufactured in South Korea, China, and Pakistan. It was named after the musical term, sonata.
Battle of Komaki and Nagakute
The Battle of Komaki and Nagakute (小牧・長久手の戦い, Komaki-Nagakute no Tatakai), also known as the Komaki Campaign (小牧の役 Komaki no Eki), was a series of battles in 1584 between the forces of Hashiba Hideyoshi (who would become Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1586) and the forces of Oda Nobukatsu and Tokugawa Ieyasu.

The conflict was resolved when Hideyoshi and Ieyasu agreed to exchange hostages; Ieyasu sent his son (Ogimaru) to Hideyoshi, who in turn sent his own sister (Asahi no kata) and mother (Ōmandokoro) to Ieyasu.

Iwasaki Castle (Owari Province)
Iwasaki Castle (岩崎城, Iwasaki-jō) is a hill castle (平山城 hirayamajiro) located in the city of Nisshin, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was built during the Sengoku period in Owari Province and was a support castle to Shobata Castle (勝幡城 Shobata-jō).
WebGPU Shading Language
WebGPU Shading Language (WGSL, internet media type: text/wgsl) is a high-level shading language and the normative shader language for the WebGPU API on the web. WGSL’s syntax is influenced by Rust and is designed with strong static validation, explicit resource binding, and portability in mind for secure execution in browsers. In web contexts, WebGPU implementations accept WGSL source and perform compilation to platform-specific intermediate forms (for example, to SPIR‑V, DXIL, or MSL via the user agent), but such backends are not exposed to web content.

Shading language
A shading language is a graphics programming language made for programming shader effects on the graphics processing unit (unlike other programming languages, which send instructions to the central processing unit instead). Because of this, shading languages are usually more 'low level' languages and usually consist of special data types like "vector", "matrix", "color" and "normal".
Gemma Hayes
Gemma Hayes (born 11 August 1977) is an Irish musician, singer-songwriter and composer. Primarily known as a vocalist and guitarist, she is also proficient with a wide range of instruments, including the piano and the harmonica. She is also a member of The Cake Sale, Printer Clips and Trio (with Lisa Hannigan and Paul Noonan).

Let It Break
Let It Break is the fourth studio album by Irish singer-songwriter Gemma Hayes. It was released in Ireland on 27 May 2011. The album was recorded in Westland Studios in Dublin, Ireland, Black Box Studios in Noyant La Gravoyère, France and mastered at Golden Mastering in Los Angeles.
Powdered eggs
A powdered egg is a fully dehydrated egg. Most powdered eggs are made using spray drying in the same way that powdered milk is made. First the eggs are cracked and separated from the shell. The egg yolk and white are beaten together and atomized into fine droplets by a spray nozzle that emits the droplets into a column of hot air to rapidly evaporate the moisture without cooking the egg. The use of a cyclone flow of air allows solid particles to be ejected from the drying column, falling to the sides and base of the drying tower to be collected.

The major advantages of powdered eggs over fresh eggs are the increased weight per volume of whole egg equivalent—reducing storage space required—the much longer shelf life, and not needing refrigeration. Powdered eggs can be used without rehydration when baking, and can be rehydrated to make dishes such as scrambled eggs and omelettes.

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Oakland Oaks (ABL)
The Oakland Oaks were an American basketball team based in Oakland, California that was a member of the American Basketball League (1961–1962). They played under this name in the 1962–1963 season, after having played as the San Francisco Saints in the 1961–1962 season.

Philadelphia Tapers
The Philadelphia Tapers were an American professional basketball team that played a partial 1962–1963 season in the American Basketball League (1961–1962). It traces its history to the 1950s AAU New York Tapers.
Redpoint, Highland
Redpoint (Scottish Gaelic: An Rubha Dearg, lit. 'the red headland') is a small settlement in the north west of Highland, Scotland. It takes its name from Red Point, a low promontory to the south, which marks a turn in the coastline from facing west to south east as it becomes Loch Torridon.

Redpoint lies about 10 miles (16 km) south west of Gairloch, at the end of the B8056 road. A path leading from the road leads to a viewpoint from which it is possible (on a clear day) to see the Isle of Skye's Trotternish Ridge and also the Isle of Harris and Isle of Lewis.

The villages of South Erradale, Opinan and Port Henderson are north along the B8056 coast road.

Scottish electronic music band Boards of Canada released the album Geogaddi in 2002 that contains the track "The Beach at Redpoint".

South Erradale
South Erradale is a small hamlet, situated on the coastline and to the southwest of Gairloch in Ross and Cromarty, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

South Erradale lies one mile (1.5 kilometres) south of Opinan and two miles (three kilometres) southeast of Port Henderson along the B8056 coast road and three miles (five kilometres) north east of Redpoint.
Karasuyama Line
The Karasuyama Line (烏山線, Karasuyama-sen) is a railway line in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, owned and operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Hōshakuji in the town of Takanezawa with Karasuyama in Nasukarasuyama.

Hōshakuji Station
Hōshakuji Station (宝積寺駅, Hōshakuji-eki) is a junction railway station in the town of  Takanezawa, Tochigi, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The station building was designed by Kengo Kuma and Associates. The station is also a freight terminal for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).
Healthcare in West Midlands
Healthcare in the West Midlands has been the responsibility of three integrated care boards (ICBs) since July 2022. These replaced the former clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) of Birmingham and Solihull, Coventry and Warwickshire, Sandwell and West Birmingham, Dudley, Wolverhampton, and Walsall.

The ICBs cover the ceremonial county of the West Midlands, which comprises the areas governed by multiple local authorities.

Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust provides a wide range of community health services across Birmingham and the West Midlands, England. It became an NHS Foundation Trust in March 2016.

It planned to merge with Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust and Dudley and Walsall Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust in October 2017.  The new organisation was projected to have an annual turnover of around £440 million – making it the third biggest mental health trust in England. The three way merger collapsed but the merger between Black Country and Dudley & Walsall went ahead in April 2020.
Cape Qualified Franchise
The Cape Qualified Franchise was the system of multi-racial franchise that was adhered to in the Cape Colony, and in the Cape Province in the early years of the Union of South Africa. Qualifications for the right to vote at parliamentary elections were applied equally to all men, regardless of race.

This local system of multi-racial suffrage was later gradually restricted, and eventually abolished, under various National Party and United Party governments. In 1930 white women were enfranchised, and in 1931 property qualifications for white voters were removed. In 1936 black voters were then removed from the common voters' rolls and allowed only to elect separate members in 1936, and subsequently denied all representation in the House of Assembly in 1960. Coloured voters similarly followed in 1958 and 1970, respectively.

Eastern Cape Separatist League
The Eastern Province Separatist League was a loose political movement of the 19th century Cape Colony. It fought not for independence, but for a separate colony in the eastern half of the Cape Colony independent from the Cape government, with a more restrictive political system and an expansionist policy eastwards against the remaining independent Xhosa states. It was crushed in the 1870s, and many of its members later moved to the new pro-imperialist, Rhodesian “progressive party”.
Marin Držić Avenue
Marin Držić Avenue (Croatian: Avenija Marina Držića) is an important north–south avenue in the central-eastern part of Zagreb, Croatia. It is named after Marin Držić, a famous Croatian poet from the 16th century.

It starts at the Petar Krešimir IV Square where it continues south from Šubićeva Street. It intersects with the Branimir Avenue, Vukovar Avenue, Slavonska Avenue (combination interchange), Milka Trnina Street, Sajmišna Road (parclo interchange) and ends at Dubrovnik Avenue (roundabout interchange), continuing south as Sarajevska Road. The avenue carries ZET tram tracks in the median through the entire route. Zagreb's main bus station is also located on the avenue.

It passes through city districts Trnje and Novi Zagreb - istok, at parts serving as a border between Trnje and Peščenica - Žitnjak.

Trnje, Zagreb
Trnje (Croatian pronunciation: [tr̩̂ːɲe]) is an area of Zagreb, Croatia. According to the 2011 census, it had 42,282 residents. It is located in the central part of the city, south of Donji grad across the railway (Zagreb Main Station), east of Trešnjevka (Savska road), west of Peščenica (Vjekoslav Heinzel Avenue and Marin Držić Avenue), and north of the river Sava. The Slavonska Avenue intersects Trnje.

Trnje was amalgamated into the city in 1927 by Mayor Vjekoslav Heinzel, along with several other new districts, mainly for the purpose of housing people needed for Zagreb's industrial sector expansion.

As a district, Trnje has an elected council.
Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah
Taj ud-Din Firoz Shah (died 1 October 1422), also known as Firoz Shah Bahmani, was the ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan Plateau of India from 16 November 1397 to 22 September 1422. Firuz Shah is considered an important ruler of the Bahamani Sultanate. He expanded his kingdom and even succeeded in conquering the Raichur Doab from Vijaynagara kingdoms.

Firuz Shah fought against the Vijayanagara Empire on many occasions and the rivalry between the two dynasties continued unabated throughout his reign, with victories in 1398 and 1406, but a defeat in 1419.

Ahmad Shah I Wali
Ahmed Shah Al Wali Bahamani was the ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate from 1 October 1422 to 17 April 1436, and was a great patron of arts and culture. He brought Persian artisans from Iran, including the metal-worker Abdulla-bin-Kaiser, who was the master of Bidriware, the inlaying of zinc alloy with silver and gold.
Tevragh Zeina
Tevragh-Zeina is a suburb of Nouakchott and urban commune in western Mauritania. It is the capital of the Nouakchott-Ouest Region and has a population of 46,336.

The current mayor is Taleb Abderrahmane Ahmed Taleb El Mahjoub.

The El Irvan Library is located in Tevragh-Zeina. Petroleum plays a role in the economy.

It is home to the ASC Tevragh-Zeïna football club and the College Tevragh Zeina.

Nouakchott-Ouest region
Nouakchott-Ouest (lit. 'West Nouakchott', Arabic: نواكشوط الغربية, romanized: Nuwākshūṭ al-Gharbīyah) is a region in Mauritania. It comprises the three northeastern departments of Mauritania's capital city Nouakchott: Ksar, Sebkha and Tevragh-Zeina. Its headquarters (HQ) are at Tevragh-Zeina and the Presidential Palace is located within its borders.

Nouakchott-Ouest was created on 25 November 2014 when the region of Nouakchott was split into three new regions. Its wāli or governor is Mahi Ould Hamed, who was previously governor of the Nouakchott Region.
Grindon, County Durham
Grindon is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Grindon and Thorpe Thewles, in the Stockton-on-Tees district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. The civil parish population at the census 2001 was 2,603 reducing to 2,484 at the 2011 Census. In the 2021 census, the population of Grindon and Thorpe Thewles parish, now no longer including Wynyard, was 940. It is situated between Sedgefield and Stockton-on-Tees, near to Thorpe Thewles and Thorpe Larches.

The place name of "Grindon" is derived from the word 'dun', which meant hill. Grindon is situated in the Upland Fells, formed of Carboniferous millstone grit. "The alternating strata of harder and softer rocks give a stepped profile to many dale sides and distinctive flat-topped summits to the higher fells."

Borough of Stockton-on-Tees
The Borough of Stockton-on-Tees is a unitary authority area with borough status in County Durham and North Yorkshire, England. In 2021, it had a population of 196,600.

The main settlement and namesake of the borough is Stockton-on-Tees, which lies on the north bank of the River Tees in County Durham, along with the towns of Billingham and Norton-on-Tees. The borough also includes the towns of Ingleby Barwick, Thornaby-on-Tees and Yarm, all south of the Tees, in North Yorkshire. Bridges spanning the River Tees include the Yarm Viaduct and the Tees Transporter Bridge. The borough is locally governed by Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council and forms part of the Tees Valley together with the boroughs of Darlington, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Hartlepool. Teesside International Airport is partly within the borough.
Robotech (role-playing game)
The Robotech Role-Playing Game is a licensed science fiction role-playing game published by Palladium Books in 1986 that is based on the  Robotech and Robotech II: The Sentinels anime television series, which were, in turn, based on the Japanese mecha anime television series Macross. A second edition of the game, based on Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles, was released in 2008.

Palladium Books
Palladium Books is a publisher of role-playing games (RPGs) best known for its Rifts series (1990–present). Palladium was founded April 1981 in Detroit, Michigan, by current president and lead game designer Kevin Siembieda, and is now based in Westland, Michigan. The company enjoys the support of a small but dedicated fanbase who praise its various game series for their innovative settings and ease of adaptability to various personal preferences, play styles, and power levels.