hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Term logic
In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, the Peripatetics. It was revived after the third century CE by Porphyry's Isagoge.

Term logic revived in medieval times, first in Islamic logic by Alpharabius in the tenth century, and later in Christian Europe in the twelfth century with the advent of new logic, remaining dominant until the advent of predicate logic in the late nineteenth century.

However, even if eclipsed by newer logical systems, term logic still plays a significant role in the study of logic. Rather than radically breaking with term logic, modern logics typically expand it.

Logica nova
In the history of logic, the term logica nova (Latin, meaning "new logic") refers to a subdivision of the logical tradition of Western Europe, as it existed around the middle of the twelfth century. The Logica vetus ("old logic") referred to works of Aristotle that had long been known and studied in the Latin West, whereas the Logica nova referred to forms of logic derived from Aristotle's works which had been unavailable until they were translated by James of Venice in the 12th century. Study of the Logica nova was part of the Renaissance of the 12th century.
Ayot St Lawrence
Ayot St Lawrence is a small English village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, two miles (three kilometres) west of Welwyn. There are several other Ayots in the area, including Ayot Green and Ayot St Peter, where the census population of Ayot St Lawrence was included in 2011.

Ayot Green
Ayot Green is a hamlet in Hertfordshire, England and is near the A1(M) Motorway, close to Welwyn Garden City. It is a typical traditional English village, centred on a village green. There are several other Ayots in the area, including Ayot St Lawrence and Ayot St Peter (where in 2011 The Census was included), and it also gives name to the rail trail called Ayot Greenway which stretches from Ayot Green to Wheathampstead.
Dunlop Castle
55°42′42″N 4°30′17″W﻿ / ﻿55.7117°N 4.5047°W﻿ / 55.7117; -4.5047

Dunlop Castle was a 14th-century castle, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of Stewarton, East Ayrshire, Scotland.  A large Jacobean-style house, Dunlop House, was built on the site in 1833.

The castle may be known alternatively as Hunthall.

Dunlop, East Ayrshire
Dunlop (/dʌnˈlɒp/; Scots: Dunlap, Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Lob or Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Lùib) is a village and parish in East Ayrshire, Scotland. It lies on the A735, north-east of Stewarton, seven miles (eleven kilometres) from Kilmarnock. The road runs on to Lugton and the B706 enters the village from Beith and Burnhouse.
Waulsort Abbey
Waulsort Abbey (French: Abbaye de Waulsort) was a Benedictine monastery located at Waulsort, Wallonia, now in Hastière in the province of Namur, Belgium.

The monastery was founded in 946 by Irish monks. They were invited by Eilbert de Florennes who wanted to found an abbey in reparation for a wrongful act committed. Saint Maccallin and Saint Cathróe were the first two abbots. Saint Forannan (d. 980) was also subsequently abbot of Waulsort.

The abbey was dissolved during the French Revolution in 1793, when it was sacked. The surviving structures have been remodelled as a private house.

The former abbey is principally known as the owner, from the 10th to the 18th century, of the Lothair Crystal.

Waulsort
Waulsort (Walloon: Åssôrt) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Hastière, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

Until the reorganisation of the Municipalities of Belgium 1977, Waulsort was a municipality in its own right.
Chris Ratliff
Christopher T. Ratliff (born March 23, 1964) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1997 to 2001. Ratliff was first elected in 1996, defeating Democratic incumbent Kelsey Friend Jr. He ran for the Kentucky Senate in 2000, losing to Democrat Ray Jones II.

Kelsey Friend Jr.
Kelsey Evans Friend Jr. (May 29, 1946 – October 11, 2023) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1995 to 1997 and a judge of the 35th District Court from 2000 to 2019. Friend was elected to the house in 1994 after incumbent representative Clayton Little retired. He was defeated for reelection in 1996 by Republican Chris Ratliff. Friend served in the General Assembly with his father Kelsey Friend Sr., who was also defeated in 1996.

Friend became a judge of the 35th District Court in 2000 after incumbent judge Larry E. Thompson was elected to the Circuit Court. He retired in 2018.

Friend died on October 11, 2023.
Dynamite Duke
Dynamite Duke (Japanese: ダイナマイトデューク, Hepburn: Dainamaito Dūku) is a 1989 action arcade game developed by Seibu Kaihatsu. It was later ported to the Mega Drive/Genesis, Master System, and X68000. Being a Cabal-based shooter, it can be considered a follow-up to Seibu's Empire City: 1931 and Dead Angle.

Seibu Kaihatsu
Seibu Kaihatsu Inc. (有限会社 セイブ開発, yūgen kaisha seibu kaihatsu) was a Japanese manufacturer of arcade games. The company was founded in 1982 at Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan as Seibu Denshi Inc. (有限会社セイブ電子), but changed to its current name sometime in 1984. It is currently owned by Hitoshi Hamada.
Chế Nguyễn Quỳnh Châu
Chế Nguyễn Quỳnh Châu (born July 3, 1994) is a top female model, MC and actor in Vietnam. She became famous when participating in the movies Apple tree blooms, Dad, I'm Sorry,… and was especially successful when she won the title of the first runner-up in the Miss Grand Vietnam 2022 contest.

Miss Grand Vietnam 2022
Miss Grand Vietnam 2022 (Vietnamese: Hoa hậu Hòa bình Việt Nam 2022) was the inaugural Miss Grand Vietnam pageant, held at the Phú Thọ Indoor Stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, on October 1, 2022.

Đoàn Thiên Ân of Long An won the contest. She then represented Vietnam at Miss Grand International 2022, and reached the top 20.
Hagen-Haspe
Hagen-Haspe is a borough of the city of Hagen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the valley of the Ennepe at the confluence of the Hasper.

As of 1911, Haspe was located on the railway from Düsseldorf to Dortmund, ten miles north-east of Barmen by rail. Its industries included iron foundries, rolling mills, puddling furnaces, and the manufacturing of iron, steel, and brass wares and of machines.

Haspe was raised to the rank of a town in 1873.

Hagen
Hagen (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany, on the southeastern edge of the Ruhr area, 15 km south of Dortmund, where the rivers Lenne and Volme meet the Ruhr. In 2023, the population was 197,677.

The city is home to the FernUniversität Hagen (University of Hagen), the only state-funded distance education university in Germany.
Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Congolese Air Force (French: Force Aérienne Congolaise, or FAC) is the air force branch of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa). From 1971 to 1997, it was known as the Zairian Air Force (Force Aérienne Zaïroise, or FAZA). FAC currently possesses numerous aircraft including Sukhoi Su-25, MiG-23, and Mil Mi-24.

Kamina Air Base
Kamina Air Base (ICAO: FZSA) is a military airport located near Kamina in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

It was built as part of the Belgian near-national-redoubt concept after World War II. It accommodated ONUC military aircraft during the Congo Crisis.
Phacelia grandiflora
Phacelia grandiflora is a species of phacelia known by the common name largeflower phacelia. It is native to the coastal hills and southern Transverse Ranges of southern California and Baja California, where it grows in coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and other local habitat, including areas recently burned by wildfire.

Phacelia
Phacelia (phacelia, scorpionweed, heliotrope) is a genus of about 200 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the family Hydrophyllaceae, native to North and South America. California is particularly rich in species with over 90 recorded in the region.

The genus includes both annual and perennial species. Many have been cultivated as garden and honey plants.

The mining bee Andrena phaceliae is a specialist pollinator of this genus in the Eastern United States.
Haplogroup L4
Haplogroup L4 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a small maternal clade primarily restricted to Africa.

L4 is important in East Africa. The highest frequencies are in Tanzania among the Hadza at 60-83% and Sandawe at 48%.

It has two branches, L4a and L4b. Subgroup L4a was formerly called L7 and considered a separate subclade of L3'4'7. It has  been recognized as a subclade of L4, with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al. (2008).
The parent clade L3'4 is to have emerged at 106–66 kya.  
L4 is not much later than this, estimated at 87 kya by Fernandes et al. (2015).

Haplogroup L3
Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.

It is strongly associated with the out-of-Africa migration of modern humans of about 70–50,000 years ago.
It is inherited by all modern non-African populations, as well as by some populations in Africa.
Richard Belton
Richard Belton (8 July 1913 – 29 May 1974) was an Irish Fine Gael politician and medical doctor. He was elected to Seanad Éireann on the Administrative Panel at the 1969 election. He lost his seat at the 1973 Seanad election.

Other members of the Belton family to have served in the Oireachtas include his father Patrick Belton, his brothers Jack Belton and Paddy Belton, his cousin Luke Belton and his daughter Avril Doyle.

He was born in Dublin, the eldest of four brothers. He attended school at Belvedere College and studied medicine at University College Dublin. He was a member of Dún Laoghaire Corporation for 30 years. He served as Chairman of the Dublin Health Authority and was also a member of the Eastern Health Board and of the Governing Body of University College Dublin.

He was an international bridge player and represented Ireland on many occasions.

Patrick Belton
Patrick Belton (7 November 1884 – 30 January 1945) was an Irish nationalist, politician, farmer, and businessman. Closely associated with Michael Collins, he was active in the 1916 Easter Rising and in the Republican movement in the years that followed. Belton later provided a strong Catholic voice in an Irish nationalist context throughout his career. He was strongly anti-communist and he was a founder and leader of the Irish Christian Front. Supportive of Francisco Franco, Belton however opposed Eoin O'Duffy taking an Irish Brigade to Spain, feeling that they would be needed in Ireland to counter domestic "political ills".
Henry Bouquet
Henry Bouquet (born Henri Louis Bouquet; 1719 – 2 September 1765) was a Swiss mercenary who rose to prominence in British service during the French and Indian War and Pontiac's War.

He is best known for his victory over a Native American force at the Battle of Bushy Run, which lifted the siege of Fort Pitt during Pontiac's War. During the conflict, Bouquet gained lasting infamy in an exchange of letters with his commanding officer, Jeffery Amherst, who suggested a form of biological warfare in the use of blankets infected with smallpox which were to be distributed to Native Americans. Despite this indictment historians have praised Bouquet for leading British forces in several demanding campaigns on the Western Frontier in which they "protected and rescued" settlers from increasingly frequent attacks.

Fort Duquesne
Fort Duquesne (/djuː.ˈkeɪn/ dew-KAYN, French: [dykɛːn]; originally called Fort Du Quesne) was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. It was later taken over by the British, and later the Americans, and developed as Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Fort Duquesne was destroyed by the French before its British conquest during the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War on the North American front. The British replaced it, building Fort Pitt between 1759 and 1761. The site of both forts is now occupied by Point State Park, where the outlines of the two forts have been laid in granite slabs.
Glenarm Upper
Glenarm Upper is a barony in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. To its east runs the east-Antrim coast, and it is bordered by four other baronies: Glenarm Lower to the north; Antrim Lower to the west; Antrim Upper to the south-west; and Belfast Lower to the south. Chaine Tower, situated at the entrance to Larne Lough, is located within Glenarm Upper.

Antrim Upper
Antrim Upper is a barony in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is bordered by six other baronies: Antrim Lower to the north; Toome Upper to the west; Massereene Lower to the south-west; Belfast Upper to the south; Belfast Lower to the south-east; and Glenarm Upper to the east.
Bogside, North Lanarkshire
Bogside is a hamlet two miles north-east of Wishaw in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the border of South Lanarkshire.

The hamlet is situated on two main roads, A73 and A721, so many of Central Scotland's communities can be accessed from there. It contains only a few houses and a motorstore.

A721 road
The A721 road in Scotland runs mainly through North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire, serving as a main route within Bellshill, Motherwell, Wishaw and Carluke. It falls within the boundaries of Glasgow and the Scottish Borders for short distances at either end.
Chao Tzee Cheng
Chao Tzee Cheng (Chinese: 赵自成; pinyin: Zhào Zìchéng; 22 September 1934 in Hong Kong – 21 February 2000 in New York City) was a renowned forensic pathologist in Singapore. Chao was respected for solving several notorious crimes in Singapore, and raised Singapore's level of professionalism in the area of forensics.

Murder of Iordanka Apostolova
On 13 January 1998, a Bulgarian student named Iordanka Apostolova (Иорданка Апостолова), alias Tamia Pachinko (Тамиа Пачинко), was discovered dead in a canal at Tanah Merah Ferry Road, Singapore. Investigations led the police to arrest one male suspect, who was Iordanka’s friend, while another man surrendered himself to the police. The two men were charged with her murder and later hanged in 1999. A third accomplice, the wife of one of the executed men who helped conceal the evidence of the murder, was subsequently imprisoned for six years by the courts for failing to report the crime to the authorities.
Senmaya, Iwate
Senmaya (千厩町, Senmaya-chō) is a town located in Higashiiwai District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The name translates as 'one thousand stables' although today there are no horses or stables remaining.

Senmaya village was created on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of the municipalities system. It was raised to town status on April 1, 1898. On September 30, 1956, Senmaya annexed the neighboring villages of Iwashimizu, Okutama and Konashi.
On September 20, 2005, Senmaya, along with the towns of Daitō and Higashiyama, the villages of Kawasaki and Murone (all from Higashiiwai District), and the town of Hanaizumi (from Nishiiwai District), was merged into the expanded city of Ichinoseki and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

As of September 2005, the town had an estimated population of 12,969 and a population density of 144.36 persons per km2. The total area was 89.84 km2.

Ichinoseki, Iwate
Ichinoseki (一関市, Ichinoseki-shi) is a city located in Iwate Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. As of 1 May 2020, the city had a population of 114,476 and a population density of 91 persons per km2 in 46,375 households. It is currently the second largest city by population in the prefecture, after Morioka.  The total area of the city was 1,256.42 square kilometers (485.11 sq mi).
Germaine Damar
Germaine Damar (born August 31, 1929) is a Luxembourgish actress and dancer. Sometimes she used the stage name Ria Poncelet. She started her career as an acrobat and played in nearly 30 German films, including three films in which she was the partner of Peter Alexander.

The Legs of Dolores
The Legs of Dolores (German: Die Beine von Dolores) is a 1957 West German musical comedy film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Germaine Damar, Claus Biederstaedt, and Ruth Stephan. It was shot at the Wandsbek Studios in Hamburg. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Dieter Bartels and Theo Zwierski.
2021 Kaohsiung building fire
In the early morning hours of 14 October 2021, at 02:54 NST (UTC+8), a fire broke out in a 13-storey building at Fubei Road in Yancheng District, Kaohsiung, a city in southwestern Taiwan. At least 46 people were killed, and 41 others were injured. The fire was extinguished after about four and a half hours. The cause of the fire is under investigation, although piles of debris left around the building may have complicated rescue efforts and helped fuel the fire.

It was the deadliest fire in the city's history, and the deadliest building fire in Taiwan since 1995, when a karaoke bar in Taichung in central Taiwan caught fire, killing 64 people and overall the third-deadliest fire in the history of Taiwan.

Weierkang Club fire
On February 15, 1995, a deadly fire broke out in the Weierkang Club (alternatively translated as the Welcome Bar), a Western-style restaurant and karaoke bar in West District, Taichung, Taiwan. The fire killed 64 people and injured 11, making it the second-deadliest fire in the history of Taiwan after the 1984 Meishan coal mine fire that killed 103.
Bollengo
Bollengo is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Turin. It borders the municipalities of Torrazzo, Burolo, Ivrea, Palazzo Canavese, Magnano, Albiano d'Ivrea and Azeglio.

Palazzo Canavese
Palazzo Canavese is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Turin.

Palazzo Canavese borders the following municipalities: Bollengo, Piverone, Magnano, Albiano d'Ivrea, and Azeglio.
Saab 99
The Saab 99 is a car produced by Swedish manufacturer Saab from 1968 to 1984, their first foray into a larger class than the Saab 96. While considered a large family car in Scandinavia, it was marketed as a niche compact executive car in most other markets. It was manufactured both in Sweden and Finland and was succeeded by the Saab 900, although the 99 continued to be produced alongside its successor. The Saab 90, an updated, less complex version using many 900 parts took over from the 99 in late 1984.

Saab B engine
The Saab B engine is an inline four-cylinder car petrol engine developed by Saab Automobile. A redesign of the Triumph slant-four engine, the B engine displaced 2.0 L and first appeared in 1972. The B engine was used in the Saab 99 and 900 models. Saab began to phase the engine out in 1981.
Blue Wahoos Stadium
Blue Wahoos Stadium, located in the Community Maritime Park, is a multi-use park in Pensacola, Florida, that includes a stadium, commercial buildings, a waterfront public park and amphitheater. The mixed use stadium holds 5,038 people and can be used for a number of events year-round, including baseball, soccer, football, festivals, graduations, and similar events. The multi-use stadium was originally designed to be the home field of the Pensacola Pelicans; it hosts the Miami Marlins Double-A affiliate, the Pensacola Blue Wahoos of the Southern League. The stadium is situated facing the Pensacola Bay. The playing surface is titled "Admiral Jack Fetterman Field", honoring the U.S. Navy three-star vice admiral, who retired in Pensacola and became a prominent civic leader. Along with Vince Whibbs Sr., the two were influential in getting the Community Maritime Park project approved by voters.

Pensacola Blue Wahoos
The Pensacola Blue Wahoos are a Minor League Baseball team of the Southern League and the Double-A affiliate of the Miami Marlins. They are based in Pensacola, Florida, and play their home games at Admiral Fetterman Field. In 2012, the team relocated to Pensacola from Zebulon, North Carolina, where they were known as the Carolina Mudcats.
The Boys in Company C
The Boys in Company C is a 1978 war film directed by Sidney J. Furie about United States Marine Corps recruits preparing for duty and their subsequent combat in the Vietnam War. It stars Stan Shaw, Andrew Stevens, Craig Wasson and Michael Lembeck. It was among the first Vietnam War films to appear after the Vietnam Era, and was also the first role for R. Lee Ermey of Full Metal Jacket fame. It is the first in Furie's Vietnam War motion-picture trilogy, followed by Under Heavy Fire (2001) and The Veteran (2006).

The film was a co-production of Golden Harvest and Columbia Pictures, the latter originally handling theatrical distribution. It was filmed in the Philippines.

Wasson plays guitar and sings the theme song "Here I Am", used within the film and over the end credits.

Orange Sky Golden Harvest
Orange Sky Golden Harvest (OSGH) (Chinese: 橙天嘉禾娛樂集團有限公司; Cantonese Yale: Cháangtīn Gāwòh Yùhlohk Jaahptyùhn Yáuhhaahn Gūngsī), previously known as Golden Harvest Entertainment Group (Chinese: 嘉禾娛樂事業集團有限公司; Cantonese Yale: Gāwòh Yùhlohk Sihyihp Jaahptyùhn Yáuhhaahn Gūngsī) from 1970 to 2009, is a film production, distribution, and exhibition company based in Hong Kong. It dominated Hong Kong cinema box office sales from the 1970s to the 1980s, and played a major role in introducing Hong Kong action films to the world, especially those by Bruce Lee (Concord Production Inc.), Jackie Chan, Jet Li, and Sammo Hung.
Red Sullivan
George James "Red" Sullivan (December 24, 1929 – January 19, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1949 to 1961. After finishing his playing career Sullivan became a coach, serving in that role between 1962 and 1975.

1960–61 NHL season
The 1960–61 NHL season was the 44th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams played 70 games each. The Chicago Black Hawks defeated the Detroit Red Wings in the Stanley Cup Finals four games to two to win the Stanley Cup. It was the first series since 1950 with two American-based teams. It was Chicago's first Cup win since 1938; they would not win another until 2010.

Red Wings' forward Gordie Howe became the first player in NHL history to score 1,000 regular-season points. It took seven more seasons before the Montreal Canadiens' Jean Beliveau would match the feat.
Dongducheon
Dongducheon (Korean: 동두천; Korean pronunciation: [ˈto̞ŋ.du.tɕʰʌ̹n]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.

The city, to the north of Seoul, is strategically important for the defense of the Korean capital. The main camps of the United States Second Infantry Division are in the city, and the division command is at Uijeongbu.

Uijeongbu
Uijeongbu (Korean: 의정부; Korean pronunciation: [ɰi.dʑʌŋ.bu]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It is the tenth-most populous city in the province and a suburb of Seoul within the greater Seoul Metropolitan Area.