hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zachary Babington
Zachary Babington (born c. 1690 – 15 October 1745) was an English barrister who served as High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1713 and 1724.

He was the son of John Babington (High Sheriff in 1702), and was named for his grandfather Dr. Zachary Babington, chancellor of Lichfield Cathedral. He was distantly related to Anthony Babington, who in 1586 was hung, drawn and quartered on Tower Hill for his participation in the Babington Plot to put Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne. But a nearer relation had been chaplain to King Charles I.

Babington attended University College, Oxford, matriculating at age 17 in 1707, and was a student at the Inner Temple in 1708.

Babington resided at Curborough Hall, Curborough, Staffordshire, and later at Whittington Old Hall, Whittington, Staffordshire. Zachary Babington's daughter Mary married Theophilus Levett, town clerk of Lichfield, Staffordshire. The Levett family inherited the Babington estates at Curborough and Packington.

High Sheriff of Staffordshire
This is a list of the sheriffs and high sheriffs of Staffordshire.

The sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. The sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. From 1204 to 1344 the High Sheriff of Staffordshire also served as Sheriff of Shropshire.

Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as sheriff was retitled high sheriff. The high sheriff changes every March.
Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2015
The Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2015 (H.R. 4487) is an appropriations bill that would make appropriations for the United States Congress for fiscal year 2015. No further action was taken on H.R. 4487 after its passage in the House; funding for the legislative branch for FY (fiscal year) 2015 was ultimately enacted in Division H of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (Pub.L. 113-235), signed on December 16, 2014.

The bill is considered one of the two easiest appropriations bills to pass each year. The bill would appropriate $3.3 billion to the legislative branch for FY 2015, which is approximately the same amount it received in FY 2014.

The bill was introduced in and passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

Tom Cole
Thomas Jeffery Cole (born April 28, 1949) is an American politician and former educator serving as the U.S. representative for Oklahoma's 4th congressional district since 2003. A Republican, he previously served in the Oklahoma Senate from 1988 to 1991 and as the 26th secretary of state of Oklahoma from 1995 to 1999. An enrolled member of the Chickasaw Nation, Cole is the longest-serving Native American in the history of Congress. On April 10, 2024, Cole was elected chair of the House Appropriations Committee.
Maier's matrix method
Maier's matrix method is a technique in analytic number theory by Helmut Maier that is used to demonstrate the existence of intervals of natural numbers within which the prime numbers are distributed with a certain property. In particular, it has been used to prove Maier's theorem (Maier 1985) and also the existence of chains of large gaps between consecutive primes (Maier 1981). The method uses estimates for the distribution of prime numbers in arithmetic progressions to prove the existence of a large set of intervals where the number of primes in the set is well understood and hence that at least one of the intervals contains primes in the required distribution.

Analytic number theory
In mathematics, analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers. It is often said to have begun with Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet's 1837 introduction of Dirichlet L-functions to give the first proof of Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions. It is well known for its results on prime numbers (involving the Prime Number Theorem and Riemann zeta function) and additive number theory (such as the Goldbach conjecture and Waring's problem).
Software patent
A software patent is a patent on a piece of software, such as a computer program, library, user interface, or algorithm. The validity of these patents can be difficult to evaluate, as software is often at once a product of engineering, something typically eligible for patents, and an abstract concept, which is typically not. This gray area, along with the difficulty of patent evaluation for intangible, technical works such as libraries and algorithms, makes software patents a frequent subject of controversy and litigation.

Different jurisdictions have radically different policies concerning software patents, including a blanket ban, no restrictions, or attempts to distinguish between purely mathematical constructs and "embodiments" of these constructs. For example, an algorithm itself may be judged unpatentable, but its use in software judged patentable.

Free software movement
The free software movement is a social movement with the goal of obtaining and guaranteeing certain freedoms for software users, namely the freedoms to run, study, modify, and share copies of software. Software which meets these requirements, The Four Essential Freedoms of Free Software, is termed free software.

Although drawing on traditions and philosophies among members of the 1970s hacker culture and academia, Richard Stallman formally founded the movement in 1983 by launching the GNU Project. Stallman later established the Free Software Foundation in 1985 to support the movement.
The Original Text Solar Pons Omnibus Edition
The Original Text Solar Pons Omnibus Edition is a collection of detective fiction stories by author August Derleth.  It was released in 2000 by Mycroft & Moran (under license to George Vanderburgh of Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, Canada) and was published in two volumes.  The set collects all of the Solar Pons stories of August Derleth.  The stories are pastiches of the Sherlock Holmes tales of Arthur Conan Doyle.  The collection restores the text to its original state, removing the edits made by Basil Copper for the 1982 collection The Solar Pons Omnibus.  The stories are also ordered by their date of publication rather than by their internal chronology as was done for the earlier omnibus edition. This edition also drops the Robert Bloch Foreword from the 1982 edition and adds two new introductory essays by Peter Ruber.

The publisher announced a paperback reissue of this set in eight volumes, but as 2025, these volumes have not appeared.

Basil Copper
Basil Frederick Albert Copper (5 February 1924 – 3 April 2013) was an English writer and former journalist and newspaper editor. He became a full-time writer in 1970. In addition to horror and detective fiction, Copper was perhaps best known for his series of Solar Pons stories continuing the character created as a tribute to Sherlock Holmes by August Derleth.

Copper's interests included swimming, gardening, travel, sailing and historic film material. One of England's leading film collectors, his private archive contained over one thousand titles (at 1989). He founded the Tunbridge Wells Vintage Film Society which ran for 20 years showing only films from Copper's collection. He often gave talks at various film organisations in London. He was  a member of the British Film Society and the Vintage Film Circle of London. Copper was a longtime resident of Sevenoaks in Kent. His wife was the French-born Annie Copper (née Guerin), to whom he had been married since 1960.
Ching King (constituency)
Ching King (Chinese: 晴景) is one of the 39 constituencies in the Yuen Long District of Hong Kong.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the Yuen Long District Council, with an election every four years. Ching King constituency is loosely based on part of Tin Ching Estate and Vianni Cove in Tin Shui Wai with estimated population of 19,077.

Tin Ching Estate
Tin Ching Estate (Chinese: 天晴邨) is a public housing estate in Tin Shui Wai, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Light Rail Tin Yuet stop. It is divided into two phases and consists of seven residential buildings completed in 2008 and 2010 respectively.
Balloon popping
A balloon pops when the material that makes up its surface tears or shreds, creating a hole. Normally, there is a balance of the balloon skin's elastic tension in which every point on the balloon's surface is being pulled by the material surrounding it. However, if a hole is made on the balloon's surface, the force becomes imbalanced, since there is no longer any force exerted by the center of the hole on the material at its edge. As a result, the balloon's surface at the edge of the hole pulls away, making it bigger; the high pressure air can then escape through the hole and the balloon pops. A balloon can be popped by either physical or chemical actions. Limpanuparb et al. use popping a balloon as a demonstration to teach about physical and chemical hazards in laboratory safety.

Balloon
A balloon is a flexible membrane bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, or air. For special purposes, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), or light sources. Modern day balloons are made from materials such as rubber, latex, polychloroprene, or a nylon fabric, and can come in many different colors. Some early balloons were made of dried animal bladders, such as the pig bladder. Some balloons are used for decorative purposes or entertaining purposes, while others are used for practical purposes such as meteorology, medical treatment, military defense, or transportation. A balloon's properties, including its low density and low cost, have led to a wide range of applications.

The rubber balloon was invented by Michael Faraday in 1824, during experiments with various gases. He invented them for use in the lab.
Jack Swarthout
Harold Jack Swarthout (February 23, 1920 – October 1, 2005) was an American college football player, coach, and administrator. He served as head football coach and athletic director at his alma mater, the University of Montana, from 1967 through 1975. Swarthout compiled an overall record of 51–41–1 (.554), winning Big Sky Conference championships in 1969 and 1970.

Swarthout played for the Grizzlies in the three seasons immediately prior to World War II as an undersized but exciting back, nicknamed "Rabbit." He graduated from Montana in 1942, served in the U.S. Army during the war, then coached high school football in Hoquiam, Washington.

1970 Montana Grizzlies football team
The 1970 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1970 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Big Sky Conference (Big Sky). The Grizzlies were led by fourth-year head coach Jack Swarthout and played their home games at Dornblaser Field.

Similar to the previous season, Montana won all ten games in the regular season (5–0 Big Sky, champions), but lost to North Dakota State in the Camellia Bowl in Sacramento in December. New conference member Northern Arizona was played this season, but not Boise State.

Defensive tackle Larry Miller was a third-team selection on the Little All-America team.
Montaña Palentina
Montaña Palentina is a comarca in the province of Palencia, in Castile and León, in Spain. It is the sub-provincial division used by the Deputation of Palencia in its publications, although it does not correspond to the natural comarca, as it does not include La Valdivia, in the east.

It has a population of 20,968 inhabitants. Aguilar de Campoo is the most populated urban area, with around 6,806 inhabitants.

Comarcas of Spain
In Spain, a  comarca (Spanish: [koˈmaɾka] ⓘ) 
is a traditional informal territorial division, comprising several municipalities sharing geographical, economic or cultural traits, typically with not well defined limits. Modernly, they have been formally defined for all the autonomous communities of Spain, as territorial entities intermediate between the municipality and the province, although their status ranges from official and with administrative functions (providing common local government services) in some communities, to unofficial and based on mere preliminary studies in other communities.

In English, a comarca is equivalent to an area, county, district, or zone.
GEOStar
The GEOStar is a family of satellite buses designed and manufactured by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. The family initially focused on small geostationary communications satellites. The first iterations addressed the sub-5 kW commercial segment that was underserved following the retirement of the HS-376 satellite bus. It started with the STARBus on CTA Space Systems, which was later bought successively by Orbital Sciences, Orbital ATK, and most recently Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems.

Satellite bus
A satellite bus (or spacecraft bus) is the main body and structural component of a satellite or spacecraft, in which the payload and all scientific instruments are held.

Bus-derived satellites are less customized than specially-produced satellites, but have specific equipment added to meet customer requirements, for example with specialized sensors or transponders, in order to achieve a specific mission.

They are commonly used for geosynchronous satellites, particularly communications satellites, but are most commonly used in spacecraft which occupy low Earth orbit missions.
Eastern Asia (WGSRPD)
Eastern Asia is one of the regions of temperate Asia defined in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) for use in recording the distribution of plants. It is very much smaller than common definitions of East Asia. It consists of the Korean Peninsula, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku, plus associated offshore islands – the Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto), the Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto) and the Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-shoto)), and Taiwan. Some islands belonging to Japan politically, such as Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima), have greater floristic affinity with similar Pacific islands and are placed in the botanical continent of the Pacific.

World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) is a biogeographical system developed by the international Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) organization, formerly the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases. The WGSRPD standards, like other standards for data fields in botanical databases, were developed to promote "the wider and more effective dissemination of information about the world's heritage of biological organisms for the benefit of the world at large". The system provides clear definitions and codes for recording plant distributions at four scales or levels, from "botanical continents" down to parts of large countries. The codes may be referred to as TDWG geographical codes. Current users of the system include the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), and Plants of the World Online (POWO).
Lake Mendota
Lake Mendota is a freshwater eutrophic lake that is the northernmost and largest of the four lakes in Madison, Wisconsin. The lake borders Madison on the north, east, and south, Middleton on the west, Shorewood Hills on the southwest, Maple Bluff on the northeast, and Westport on the northwest. The lake was historically known as Wąąkšikhomįkra (Where the Person Rests) by the Ho-Chunk people. Lake Mendota acquired its present name in 1849 following a proposal by a surveyor named Frank Hudson, who claimed to be familiar with local Native American languages; Lyman C. Draper, the first corresponding secretary of the Wisconsin Historical Society, proposed that 'Mendota' could have been a Chippewa word meaning 'large' or 'great.'

Lake Kegonsa State Park
Lake Kegonsa State Park is a state park in Wisconsin, United States, on the northeast shore of Lake Kegonsa. It is located in Dane County southeast of Madison, Wisconsin. The park consists of a mix of oak woodland, prairie, and wetlands. Known for its campground, beach, and approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) of hiking trails, the park offers swimming, fishing, water-skiing, sailing, and a boat landing.

Lake Kegonsa, a glacial lake, covers 3,209 acres (12.99 km2) and has a maximum depth of over 30 feet (9 m). It was created by a glacier during the Wisconsin glaciation of the last ice age approximately 12,000 years ago.
Máire Uí Dhroighneáin
Máire Uí Dhroighneáin is an Irish actress and sean-nós singer. She is a native of Spiddal, County Galway, Ireland.

She has played the character Máire in the Irish language drama Ros na Rún since its first broadcast in 1996.

Her other work includes productions with Cumann Dramaíochta Indreabhán, and the part of Phil in the RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta drama Baile an Drochid. Her Ros na Rún colleague Joe Steve O Neachtain performs alongside her in the latter.

Uí Dhroighneáin was awarded the Gradam Shean-nós Cois Life in 2004.

In 2006, she was the "Sean-Nós Singer in Residence at the Centre for Irish Studies" of NUI Galway.

Gradam Shean-nós Cois Life
The Gradam Shean-nós Cois Life is an annual award by the Sean-nós Cois Life-festival in Dublin. The award is given to people who have made an exceptional contribution to the tradition of singing in the Irish language.
National performing arts companies of Scotland
Scotland's national performing arts companies are directly funded by the Scottish Government.  In the country's performing arts circles, they are often referred to as the Big Five.

Scottish Ballet

Scottish Opera

Royal Scottish National Orchestra

Scottish Chamber Orchestra

National Theatre of Scotland

Scottish Ballet
Scottish Ballet is the national ballet company of Scotland and one of the five leading ballet companies of the United Kingdom, alongside the Royal Ballet, English National Ballet, Birmingham Royal Ballet and Northern Ballet.  Founded in 1969, the company is based in Glasgow, the resident ballet company at the Glasgow Theatre Royal and from 2009 in their purpose-built ballet centre in Tramway Arts Centre, Glasgow.
Kwango
Kwango is a province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is one of the 21 provinces created in the 2015 repartitioning.  Kwango, Kwilu, and Mai-Ndombe provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Bandundu province.  Kwango was formed from the Kwango district whose town of Kenge was made the provincial capital and thus gained city status.

The province takes its name from the Kwango River, a tributary of the Kasai River that defines part of the international boundary between the DRC and Angola.

Kwilu Province
Kwilu is a province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is one of the 21 provinces created in the 2015 repartitioning.  Kwilu,  Kwango, and Mai-Ndombe provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Bandundu province.  Kwilu was formed from the Kwilu district and the independently administered cities of Bandundu and Kikwit.  Bandundu is the provincial capital. The 2024 population was estimated to be 6,898,105.

The province takes its name from the Kwilu River, which crosses it from the southeast to the northwest.
Kamerun National Democratic Party
Kamerun National Democratic Party (KNDP) was a pro-independence political party active in Southern Cameroons (now the North West and South West regions of the Republic of Cameroon) during the period of British Mandate rule.

Southern Cameroons
The Southern Cameroons was the southern part of the British League of Nations mandate territory of the British Cameroons in West Africa. Since 1961, it has been part of the Republic of Cameroon, where it makes up the Northwest Region and Southwest Region. Since 1994, pressure groups in the territory claim there was no legal document (treaty of union) in accordance to UNGA RES 1608(XV) paragraph 5, and are seeking to restore statehood and independence from the Republic. They renamed the British Southern Cameroons as Ambazonia (from Ambas Bay).
Narita Airport Terminal 1 Station
Narita Airport Terminal 1 (Narita Airport) Station (Japanese: 成田空港(成田第1ターミナル)駅, romanized: Narita Kūkō (Narita daiichi tāminaru)-eki) is an underground airport rail link station located beneath Terminal 1 of Narita International Airport in Narita, Chiba, Japan. The station is shared between East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway.

Skyliner
The Skyliner (Japanese: スカイライナー, Hepburn: sukairainā) is an airport limited express train service between Tokyo and Narita Airport in Japan. It is operated by Keisei Electric Railway and runs on the Narita Sky Access route.
This article also covers the Morningliner (モーニングライナー, mōningurainā) and Eveningliner (イブニングライナー, ibuningurainā) services.

On the Keisei Narita Airport Line, Skyliner is the fastest and most expensive service (with reserved seating and luggage racks), followed by the Sky Access (which does have space for luggage), and then the Keisei Limited Express (regular commuter train).
Jesse Ed Davis
Jesse Edwin Davis III (September 21, 1944 – June 22, 1988) was a Native American guitarist. He was well regarded as a session artist and solo performer, was a member of Taj Mahal's backing band and played with musicians such as Bob Dylan, Eric Clapton, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Jackson Browne.

In 2018, Davis was posthumously inducted into the Native American Music Hall of Fame at the 18th Annual Native American Music Awards. Davis was an enrolled citizen of the Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma with Comanche, Muscogee, and Seminole ancestry.

Jackson Browne (album)
Jackson Browne (also known, mistakenly, as Saturate Before Using) is the debut album of American singer Jackson Browne, released in 1972. It peaked on the Billboard 200 chart at number 53. Two singles were released with "Doctor, My Eyes", which peaked at number 8 on the Pop Singles chart, and "Rock Me on the Water", which reached number 48.
Tattamangalam Kuthira Vela
Tattamangalam Kuthira Vela or Angadi Vela is a festival conducted in a small village called Tathamangalam in the Palakkad District of Kerala, south India. Kuthira means "horse" and Vela means "festival" in the Malayalam language. During the festival, a grant horse race is conducted by the local people.

Many volunteers are painted black with charcoal; these men, called Kari Vela, act as guards to manage spectators along the roadside during the race.

During Kuthiravela, thousands of people gather on both sides of the state highway 27 from KSEB office to Vettakkaruppan swamy temple.

Karivela
Karivela (or Kari Vela) is a ritual usually seen in the Palakkad District of Kerala, India, in which many volunteers paint themselves black with charcoal (Kari in Malayalam language) and walk through the streets.

Karivela is conducted as part of festivals such as Nemmara Vela and Kuthira Vela, with the volunteers acting as guards to control festival spectators.