hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roaschia
Roaschia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Cuneo.

Roaschia borders the following municipalities: Entracque, Robilante, Roccavione, Valdieri, and Vernante.

Vernante
Vernante is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,307 and an area of 62.0 square kilometres (23.9 sq mi).

The municipality of Vernante contains the frazione (subdivision) Palanfrè.

Vernante borders the following municipalities: Boves, Entracque, Limone Piemonte, Roaschia, and Robilante.
Shawme-Crowell State Forest
Shawme-Crowell State Forest is a Massachusetts state forest located in the town of Sandwich in Barnstable County. The forest lost much of its original acreage with the creation of Camp Edwards, which is part of the modern-day Joint Base Cape Cod. The forest is made up of pitch pine and scrub oaks and is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Sandwich, Massachusetts
Sandwich is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts and is its oldest town. The town motto is Post tot Naufracia Portus, Latin for "after so many shipwrecks, a haven". The population was 20,259 at the 2020 census.
2013 LFL Canada season
The 2013 LFL Canada Season would have been the second season of LFL Canada and the sixth season of the combined history of the Legends Football League and its predecessor, the Lingerie Football League. LFL Canada intended to feature four teams in four cities across Western Canada, with the Calgary Fillies to replace the suspended Toronto Triumph; Calgary was to join the BC Angels, Regina Rage and the Saskatoon Sirens.

The 2013 season never transpired, and LFL announced, in July 2014, that LFL Canada had been terminated and the teams would fold into a (never formed) LFL North America.

Calgary Fillies
The Calgary Fillies were a proposed women's football expansion team in the Legends Football League (LFL) that was to begin play in the 2013 LFL Canada season. Based in Calgary, Alberta, the Fillies were to play their home games at the Stampede Corral.
Losnegard
Losnegard is a very small village in Solund Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. Constituting the easternmost point of the municipality, it is located near the mouth of the Sognefjorden river, about 14.5 kilometres (9.0 mi) northeast of the municipal center of Hardbakke.

Losnegard is the only settlement on the island of Losna. In 2001, the population of Losnegard was 4. There is ferry service from Losnegard to Krakhella (on the nearby island of Sula) and to Rutledal on the mainland in Gulen Municipality.

Sula, Solund
Sula (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsʉ̀ːɽɑ] ⓘ (unofficially: Indre Solundøy [ˈɪ̂ndrə ˈsûːlʉnœʏ]) is an island in Solund Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 116-square-kilometre (45 sq mi) island is the main island of the municipality. The island is located at the mouth of the Sognefjorden on the north side of the Sognesjøen, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Holmebåen, the westernmost point in Norway. The largest village on the island is Hardbakke. The other main village area is Hersvikbygda on the northern part of the island.

The island has a ferry service from the village of Krakhella on the island to the mainland village of Rutledal in Gulen Municipality and also to the village of Losnegard on the neighboring island of Losna, immediately to the east of Sula. Just southwest of Hardbakke, there is a bridge from Sula to the neighboring island of Steinsundøyna to the west. A narrow 65-metre (213 ft) wide channel separates the two islands.
Karaš
The Karaš (in Serbian, also Cyrillic: Караш) or Caraș (in Romanian) is a 110-kilometre (68 mi) long river in the Banat region of Vojvodina, Serbia and Romania and a left tributary of the Danube. The Karaš drains an area of 1,400 square kilometres (540 sq mi) and although it has been channeled it is not navigable.

Goruia
Goruia (Hungarian: Gorony) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania with a population of 660 people as of 2021. It is composed of three villages: Gârliște (Gerlistye), Giurgiova (Karasszentgyörgy), and Goruia.

The commune is located in the central-west part of the county, on the banks of the Caraș River. It is the site of the Gârliște mine.
Podilskyi District
The Podilskyi District is an urban district of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. Its population was 177,563 at the 2001 census. The district takes its name from the historic Podil neighborhood which it includes within its boundaries.

The Podilskyi District as an administrative entity was formed in 1921 on one of the largest historical neighborhoods in Kyiv. In May 2001 the Podilskyi District celebrated the 80th anniversary of its foundation. The district remains one of the main business, transport, and industrial areas of Kyiv.

There are currently 50 large industrial organizations based here. Although most of the industrial sites are phased out of the region, they dominate the adjacent neighborhoods to the north, named today "Podilsko-Kurenivskiy promraion".

Subdivisions of Kyiv
Subdivisions of Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine, include formal administrative subdivisions known as urban districts (raions) and also more specific, informal subdivisions referred to as historical neighborhoods. The city is divided in half by the river Dnipro, and therefore creates two important portions of the capital city. The so-called "Left-bank of Kyiv", as in reference to the river Dnipro, and which is the newer half of the city, plus the "Right-bank of Kyiv", which includes the original or historic City of Kyiv.
Fortunago
Fortunago is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 91 km south of Milan and about 42 km south of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 407 and an area of 18.0 km2.

Fortunago borders the following municipalities: Borgo Priolo, Borgoratto Mormorolo, Montesegale, Ruino, Val di Nizza. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Fortunago was also the location for the film Human Capital by Italian filmmaker Paolo Virzì. Some of the scenes of the film were shot at the Villa "La Dominante", placed in Montebelletto, in the nearby of the village.

Montesegale
Montesegale is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 km south of Milan and about 30 km south of Pavia.

Montesegale borders the following municipalities: Borgo Priolo, Fortunago, Godiasco, Ponte Nizza, Rocca Susella, Val di Nizza.
Western theater of the War of 1812
The Western theater of the War of 1812 was a theater of war during the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. Far from the Atlantic Coast and large cities, logistics and communication were more challenging in the western territories and the United States frontier. For many Native American nations involved, this war was a continuation of the defense of their lands against encroaching settlers.

Sixty Years' War
The Sixty Years' War (French: Guerre de Soixante Ans; 1754–1815) was a military struggle for control of the North American Great Lakes region, including Lake Champlain and Lake George, encompassing a number of wars over multiple generations. The conflicts involved the British Empire, the French colonial empire, the United States, and the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. The term Sixty Years' War is used by academic historians to provide a framework for viewing this era as a whole, rather than as isolated events.
Koiak 29
Koiak 28 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 30

The twenty-ninth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 25, of the Julian calendar, and January 7, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. On this day, the Coptic Church celebrates the Feast of the Nativity.

Koiak 30
Koiak 29 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 1

The thirtieth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 26, of the Julian calendar, and January 8, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This is the second day of the celebrations of the Feast of the Nativity.
Fusion mechanism
A fusion mechanism is any mechanism by which cell fusion or virus–cell fusion takes place, as well as the machinery that facilitates these processes. Cell fusion is the formation of a hybrid cell from two separate cells. There are three major actions taken in both virus–cell fusion and cell–cell fusion: the dehydration of polar head groups, the promotion of a hemifusion stalk, and the opening and expansion of pores between fusing cells. Virus–cell fusions occur during infections of several viruses that are health concerns relevant today. Some of these include HIV, Ebola, and influenza. For example, HIV infects by fusing with the membranes of immune system cells. In order for HIV to fuse with a cell, it must be able to bind to the receptors CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4. Cell fusion also occurs in a multitude of mammalian cells including gametes and myoblasts.

Cell–cell fusogens
Cell–cell fusogens are glycoproteins that facilitate the fusion of cell to cell membranes. Cell–cell fusion is critical for the merging of gamete genomes and the development of organs in multicellular organisms. Cell-cell fusion occurs when both actin cytoskeleton and fusogenic proteins properly rearrange across the cell membrane. This process is led by actin-propelled membrane protrusions.
Kiskitto Lake
Kiskitto Lake is a lake in the province of Manitoba in Canada north of Lake Winnipeg. The lake is a part of the Nelson River watershed and is located northwest of Kiskittogisu Lake on the west channel of the Nelson River.
The west channel flows through the north ends of Playgreen Lake, Kiskittogisu Lake and Kiskitto Lake into Cross Lake at the Manitoba Hydro's Jenpeg Generating Station and Dam. The lake is about 57 km (35 miles) long.

Playgreen Lake
Playgreen Lake or Play Green Lake, is a lake in the province of Manitoba in Canada. The lake covers an area of 657 square kilometres (254 sq mi) and it is a part of the Nelson River watershed. The lake is the ninth largest lake in the province. It is located along the Nelson River some 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north from the north end of Lake Winnipeg. It was first mapped by noted British surveyor, map-maker, chief fur trader and the explorer Peter Fidler in 1809.
Plasma display
A plasma display panel is a type of flat-panel display that uses small cells containing plasma: ionized gas that responds to electric fields. Plasma televisions were the first large (over 32 inches/81 cm diagonal) flat-panel displays to be released to the public.

Until about 2007, plasma displays were commonly used in large televisions. By 2013, they had lost nearly all market share due to competition from low-cost liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). Manufacturing of plasma displays for the United States retail market ended in 2014, and manufacturing for the Chinese market ended in 2016. Plasma displays are obsolete, having been superseded in most if not all aspects by OLED displays.

Competing display technologies include cathode-ray tube (CRT), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), CRT projectors, AMLCD, digital light processing (DLP), SED-tv, LED display, field emission display (FED), and quantum dot display (QLED).

Panasonic
Panasonic Holdings Corporation is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan. It was founded in 1918 as Matsushita Electric Housewares Manufacturing Works in the Fukushima ward of Osaka by Kōnosuke Matsushita. The company was incorporated in 1935 and renamed Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., and changed its name to Panasonic Corporation in 2008. In 2022, it reorganized as a holding company and adopted its current name.

In addition to consumer electronics, for which it was the world's largest manufacturer in the late 20th century, Panasonic produces a wide range of products and services, including rechargeable batteries, automotive and avionic systems, industrial equipment, as well as home renovation and construction. The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices, with a secondary listing on the Nagoya Stock Exchange.
Venice Boulevard
Venice Boulevard is a major east–west thoroughfare in Los Angeles, running from the ocean in the Venice district into downtown Los Angeles. It was originally known as West 16th Street under the Los Angeles numbered street system. While some maps and signs may mark a segment of Venice Boulevard as State Route 187 between Lincoln Boulevard (State Route 1) in Venice and the Santa Monica Freeway (Interstate 10) in the South Robertson district, control of that highway have been relinquished in piecemeal segments from the state to the City of Los Angeles since 2015, with the goal of eventually decommissioning SR 187.

Pico/Rimpau
Pico/Rimpau is an area of Mid-City, Los Angeles, at the junction of Pico Boulevard, Rimpau Street, San Vicente Boulevard, Venice Boulevard, Vineyard Avenue and West Boulevard. This area is the location of several key former and current transportation hubs and retail shopping centers for the Los Angeles area.

Retail shopping centers included the innovative landmark Sears Pico store, Midtown Crossing and Midtown Shopping Center.

In public transit, the Pico/Rimpau Transit Center remains a major bus station for LA's Metro and Santa Monica's Big Blue Bus, while Rimpau Loop and Vineyard Junction are landmarks from the city's electric railway history.
Klaf
Klaf or Qelaf (Hebrew: קְלָף) is the designation given a particular piece of skin. The Talmudic definition includes both the form of the skin and the way it is processed, in particular, that it must be tanned. Since the innovative ruling of Rabbeinu Tam (12th century Tosafist) it is primarily used to refer to parchment or vellum. It is one of the materials upon which a sofer writes certain Jewish liturgical and ritual documents.

Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.
Washington's Spies
Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring (2006) is a history book by Alexander Rose, based on the stories of four real-life childhood friends who formed the Culper spy ring that affected the course of the Revolutionary War. In an interview with the National Review, Rose stated he used the website of the Library of Congress to research the letters by George Washington and those in the Culper Ring, as well as newspapers from the period and various writings left by those involved.

The book was adapted into the AMC period drama series, Turn: Washington's Spies, which premiered April 6, 2014. The series stars Jamie Bell as Abraham Woodhull, Seth Numrich as Benjamin Tallmadge, Daniel Henshall as Caleb Brewster and Heather Lind as Anna Strong, with Ian Kahn as George Washington.

The Chicago Tribune called the book "fascinating."

Abraham Woodhull
Abraham Woodhull (October 7, 1750 – January 23, 1826) was a leading member of the Culper Spy Ring in New York City and Setauket, New York, during the American Revolutionary War. He used the alias "Samuel Culper" (later "Samuel Culper Sr."), which was a play on Culpeper County, Virginia, and was suggested by George Washington.

The Culper Ring was a successful operation that provided Washington with valuable information on the British Army headquartered in New York from October 1778 to the end of the war. After the United States gained independence, Woodhull served as a magistrate, as had his father before him, and served as a judge in Suffolk County, New York.
President of Trinidad and Tobago
The president of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago and the commander-in-chief of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was the Queen of Trinidad and Tobago, Elizabeth II. The last governor-general, Sir Ellis Clarke, was sworn in as the first president on 1 August 1976 under a transitional arrangement. He was formally chosen as president by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament on 24 September 1976, which is now celebrated as Republic Day.

The president's post was one of many temporarily suspended during the Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt lasting from 27 July 1990 - 1 August 1990 when it resumed. The current president of Trinidad and Tobago is Christine Kangaloo.

First ladies and gentlemen of Trinidad and Tobago
First Lady of Trinidad and Tobago or First Gentleman of Trinidad and Tobago is the title attributed to the spouse of the president of Trinidad and Tobago, a position created in 1976. Until 19 March 2018, the office was held by women and thus referred to as First Lady before becoming vacant. The country's present first gentleman is Kerwyn Garcia, husband of President Christine Kangaloo, who has held the position since March 20, 2023.

The position should not be confused with the husband or wife of the prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago.
Asha Patera
Asha Patera is a patera, or a complex crater with scalloped edges, on Jupiter's moon Io. It is approximately 108 kilometers in diameter and located at 8°50′S 225°41′W﻿ / ﻿8.84°S 225.69°W﻿ / -8.84; -225.69﻿ (Asha Patera). It is named after asha, the Zoroastrian principle of Truth. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1979. Reiden Patera and Kami-Nari Patera can both be found to the west.

Kami-Nari Patera
Kami-Nari Patera is a patera, or a complex crater with scalloped edges, on Jupiter's moon Io. It is approximately 53 kilometers in diameter and is located at 8°42′S 235°05′W﻿ / ﻿8.7°S 235.08°W﻿ / -8.7; -235.08﻿ (Kami-Nari Patera). It is named after the Japanese god of rolling thunder, Kami-Nari. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2000. Reiden Patera can be found to the south, and Asha Patera can be found to the east.
Nishi-Tawaramoto Station
Nishi-Tawaramoto Station (西田原本駅, Nishi-Tawaramoto-eki)  is a passenger railway station located in the town of  Tawaramoto, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Kintetsu Railway.

Tawaramoto, Nara
Tawaramoto (田原本町, Tawaramoto-chō) is a town located in Shiki District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 September 2024, the town had an estimated population of 31,470 in 13653 households, and a population density of 1500 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 21.09 km2 (8.14 sq mi).
Black Rod
The Gentleman or Lady Usher of the Black Rod, often shortened to Black Rod, is a senior parliamentary officer similar to a serjeant-at-arms, responsible for ceremonial protocol and maintaining order within a legislative chamber. The role originated in the House of Lords of the Parliament of England during the 14th century, and was exported to the upper houses of other Westminster system legislatures. Besides the British House of Lords, the office now exists in Australia's federal and state upper houses, in Canada's federal upper house and some unicameral provincial houses, and for ceremonial purposes in New Zealand and the Cook Islands. The position is named after the staff of office carried by the official, a black rod. The Gentleman/Lady Usher often has a deputy called the Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod.

Lord Great Chamberlain
The Lord Great Chamberlain of England is the sixth of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Privy Seal but above the Lord High Constable. The office of Lord Great Chamberlain was first created around 1126 and has been in continuous existence since 1138. The incumbent is Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington.
Chipaque
Chipaque is a municipality and town in the Eastern Province of the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. The municipality of 139.45 square kilometres (53.84 sq mi) is located at an altitude of 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes with its westernmost part situated in the Eastern Hills of Bogotá. The Colombian capital is 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of Chipaque. Chipaque borders Bogotá's southern locality Usme in the west. To the east, Chipaque borders Cáqueza, in the south Une and in the north Ubaque. The average temperature is 13 °C (55 °F).

Une
Une is a municipality in the Cundinamarca Department, Colombia, located in the Eastern Province. It is situated 27 miles (43 km) southeast of Bogotá, the country's capital.

Considered one of the oldest municipalities in Cundinamarca, Une is notable for having the shortest name in the department, consisting of only three letters.
2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Minnesota, one from each of its congressional districts. Primary elections were held in six districts on August 11. The elections coincided with the 2020 United States presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and other state and local elections.

Due to changing political alignments, the Republican Party flipped the 7th district, which was held by 15-term incumbent Democrat Collin Peterson. This marked the first time since the 1944 election that Republicans won every district in Minnesota outside the Twin Cities metropolitan area, after Democrats had done the same just four years prior. This subsequently erased the slim Democratic majority in the state congressional delegation and gave both political parties a tied 4–4 delegation.

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Minnesota, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. The elections coincided with an open gubernatorial election, a U.S. Senate election, a special U.S. Senate election, State House elections, and other elections. Primaries were held on August 14.

In the 2018 elections, Democrats gained the 2nd and 3rd districts from Republican incumbents, and the Republicans gained the 1st and 8th districts from Democrats running for higher office, leaving party representation in Minnesota's House delegation unchanged at five members from the DFL and three members from the GOP.