hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Two-fluid model
In condensed matter physics, the two-fluid model is a macroscopic model to explain superfluidity. The idea was suggested by László Tisza in 1938 and reformulated by Lev Landau in 1941 to explain the behavior of superfluid helium-4.  This model states that there will be two components in liquid helium below its lambda point (the temperature where superfluid forms).  These components are a normal fluid and a ideal fluid component.  Each liquid has a different density and together their sum makes the total density, which remains constant.  The ratio of superfluid density to the total density increases as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

Perfect fluid
In physics, a perfect fluid or ideal fluid  is a fluid that can be completely characterized by its rest frame mass density  and isotropic pressure ⁠⁠. Real fluids are viscous ("sticky") and contain (and conduct) heat. Perfect fluids are idealized models in which these possibilities are ignored. Specifically, perfect fluids have no shear stresses, viscosity, or heat conduction. 
A quark–gluon plasma
and graphene are examples of nearly perfect fluids that could be studied in a laboratory.
Angle Park, South Australia
Angle Park is a north-western suburb of Adelaide 10 km from the CBD, in the state of South Australia, Australia and falls under the City of Port Adelaide Enfield. It is adjacent to Wingfield, Mansfield Park, Ferryden Park, and Regency Park. The post code for Angle Park is 5010. It is bounded to the north by Grand Junction Road, west by Trafford Street, and to the east by Days Road and the North-South Motorway.

Regency Park, South Australia
Regency Park is an inner-northern suburb of Adelaide, 6 km from the City Centre, in the state of South Australia, Australia. It is located in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield, and is adjacent to Wingfield, Angle Park, Ferryden Park, Kilburn, Prospect, Dudley Park and Croydon Park. It is bounded to the north by Grand Junction Road, east by the Gawler railway line, south by Regency Road and to the west by Days and South Roads. The postcode for Regency Park is 5010.

Regency Park is essentially an industrial suburb, consisting of factories, but primarily industrial warehouses. Its streets are dominated by semitrailers.
Sporting Lagos F.C.
Sporting Lagos Football Club is a professional football club from Lagos, Nigeria founded in 2022. The club currently competes in the Nigeria National League, the second tier of Nigeria's football league system, following relegation from the 2023–24 Nigeria Premier League. Nicknamed "The Tech Boys", Sporting Lagos played their home games at Mobolaji Johnson Arena also known as Onikan Stadium.

Remo Stars F.C.
Remo Stars Football Club is a professional football club based in Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria. The club competes in the Nigeria Professional Football League, the top division of the Nigeria Football League system. They are nicknamed the Sky Blue Stars. In 2022, Remo Stars FC had a market value of €1.5 million.
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (Somali: Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud; Arabic: حسن شيخ محمود, romanized: Ḥasan Shaykh Muḥamūd; born 29 November 1955) is a Somali politician serving as the president of Somalia since 15 May 2022. He previously held the office from 2012 to 2017.

Hassan was previously a university professor and dean at SIMAD University, which he co-founded. During 2012 he was elected President of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). Time magazine placed him on an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013. During 2014 he controversially welcomed the entry of Ethiopian troops into the African Union mission in the wake of the 2006 invasion. His first administration faced serious criticism for rampant corruption, media restrictions and abuse of power.

After losing power in 2017, he became the founder and current chairman of the Union for Peace and Development Party. He was indirectly elected as President of the Federal Republic of Somalia on 15 May 2022.

Ahmed Mohamed Islam
Sheikh Ahmed Mohamed Islaam (Somali: Sheekh Axmed Maxamed Islaam, Arabic: شيخ أحمد محمد إسلام) better known as Ahmed Madobe, is a Somali politician and a former militant who is the current president of the Jubaland state of Somalia and the chairman of the Raskamboni Movement.
Anepsiomyia
Anepsiomyia is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It contains only one extant species from Europe, Anepsiomyia flaviventris. The systematic position of the genus is currently uncertain: it has been variously placed in subfamilies such as Sympycninae and Peloropeodinae.

Peloropeodinae
Peloropeodinae is a subfamily of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. In some classifications, the genera of the subfamily are included in Sympycninae. According to a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Dolichopodidae by Germann et al. (2011), the subfamily is polyphyletic.
Les Thioleyres
Les Thioleyres (French pronunciation: [le tjɔlɛʁ]) is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Ecoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.

Oron-le-Châtel
Oron-le-Châtel (French pronunciation: [ɔʁɔ̃ lə ʃatɛl]) is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Ecoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.
Charles Taylor Master Mechanic Award
The Charles Taylor Master Mechanic Award is an honor presented by the United States Federal Aviation Administration  in honor of Charles Taylor, the first aviation mechanic in powered flight. The award recognizes the lifetime accomplishments of senior aviation mechanics. Taylor served as the Wright brothers' mechanic and is credited with designing and building the engine for their first successful aircraft.

To be eligible for the award, a person must:

Have 50 years in aviation maintenance as an accredited mechanic or repairman

Be an FAA-certificated mechanic or repairman for a minimum of 30 years

Charlie Taylor (mechanic)
Charles Edward Taylor (May 24, 1868 – January 30, 1956) was an American inventor, mechanic and machinist. He built the first aircraft engine used by the Wright brothers in the Wright Flyer, and was a vital contributor of mechanical skills in the building and maintaining of early Wright engines and airplanes.
Little Hartley, New South Wales
Little Hartley is a village in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located approximately 150 kilometres west-northwest of Sydney and 20 kilometres south-east of Lithgow, on the Great Western Highway. It is in the local government area of the City of Lithgow, the state seat of Bathurst and the Federal Division of Calare.

City of Lithgow
The City of Lithgow is a local government area in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is located adjacent to the Great Western Highway and the Main Western railway line.

The mayor of the City of Lithgow Council is Cr. Maree Statham, who is unaligned with any political party.
Kırcaali Detachment
The Kırcaali Detachment of the Ottoman Empire (Modern Turkish: Kırcaali Müfrezesi or Kırcaali Kolordusu ) was one of the Detachments under the command of the Ottoman Eastern Army. It was formed in Kırcaali (present day: Kardzhali) area during the First Balkan War.

Eastern Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Şark Ordusu) was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the mobilization phase of the First Balkan War. It confronted Bulgarian forces. On October 29, 1912, it was reorganized and renamed as the First Eastern Army (Birinci Şark Ordusu).
WWE Crush Hour
WWE Crush Hour is a vehicular combat video game developed by Pacific Coast Power & Light and published by THQ. It was released for the GameCube and PlayStation 2 on March 18, 2003 in North America, and on May 15, 2003 in PAL regions. An Xbox version was in development before being cancelled.

Vehicular combat game
A vehicular combat game (or car combat game) is a vehicle simulation video game where the primary gameplay objectives include vehicles armed with weapons attempting to destroy vehicles controlled by the CPU or by opposing players. The genre normally features a variety of different vehicles available for play, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, and special attack abilities. Players may also unlock hidden vehicles by completing certain in-game tasks. Games may include racing themes, but they are generally secondary to the action.
Mansun
Mansun were an English alternative rock band, formed in Chester in 1995. The band comprised vocalist/rhythm guitarist Paul Draper, bassist Stove King, lead guitarist/backing vocalist Dominic Chad, and drummer Andie Rathbone.

It was announced in May 2003 that the band had split up earlier that year, whilst in the process of recording their fourth album, and some of their archival recording of the album later released on their final album, Kleptomania (2004).

Skin Up Pin Up / Flourella
"Skin Up Pin Up" and "Flourella" are two songs by English alternative rock band Mansun. The songs were written and produced by band-leader Paul Draper. "Skin Up Pin Up" was recorded in London during the group's first recording session and "Flourella" during the group's second recording session in Ewloe, North Wales. The single was released as a double A-side on white 7-inch vinyl and CD and charted at number 91 on the UK Singles Chart.

Both songs were later reworked and re-released in 1997. "Flourella" was rerecorded and remixed for inclusion on the group's debut album, though was dropped and instead appeared on the "She Makes My Nose Bleed" single. "Skin Up Pin Up" was remixed by British electronic music group 808 State and released on the superhero action film soundtrack Spawn: The Album on 29 July 1997.
Chenier
A chenier or chénier is a sandy or shelly beach ridge that is part of a strand plain, called a “chenier plain,” consisting of cheniers separated by intervening mud-flat deposits with marsh and swamp vegetation. Cheniers are typically one to six meters high, tens of kilometers long, hundreds of meters wide, and often wooded. Chenier plains can be tens of kilometers wide. Cheniers and associated chenier plains are associated with shorelines characterized by generally low wave energy, low gradient, muddy shorelines, and abundant sediment supply. The name is derived from the Louisiana French word for these formations, “chênière", meaning oak-grove, referring to the forests of live oaks Quercus virginiana that occupy the chenier ridges within southwest Louisiana.

Strand plain
A strand plain or  strandplain  is a broad belt of sand along a shoreline with a surface exhibiting well-defined parallel or semi-parallel sand ridges separated by shallow swales. A strand plain differs from a barrier island in that it lacks either the lagoons or tidal marshes that separate a barrier island from the shoreline to which the strand plain is directly attached. Also, the tidal channels and inlets which cut through barrier islands are absent. Strand plains typically are created by the redistribution by waves and longshore currents of coarse sediment on either side of a river mouth. Thus, they are part of one type of wave-dominated delta.

Examples of strand plains:

Western Louisiana

Eastern Texas

West coast of Namibia

South-east and south-west coasts of Australia, and in the Gulf of Carpentaria

Letea and Caraorman, Danube Delta, Romania

Kustvlakte, Suriname

Cayo Costa, Florida
Non-Euclidean crystallographic group
In mathematics, a non-Euclidean crystallographic group, NEC group or N.E.C. group is a discrete group of isometries of the hyperbolic plane. These symmetry groups correspond to the wallpaper groups in euclidean geometry. A NEC group which contains only orientation-preserving elements is called a Fuchsian group, and any non-Fuchsian NEC group has an index 2 Fuchsian subgroup of orientation-preserving elements.

The hyperbolic triangle groups are notable NEC groups. Others are listed in Orbifold notation.

Triangle group
In mathematics, a triangle group is a group that can be realized geometrically by sequences of reflections across the sides of a triangle.  The triangle can be an ordinary Euclidean triangle, a triangle on the sphere, or a hyperbolic triangle. Each triangle group is the symmetry group of a tiling of the Euclidean plane, the sphere, or the hyperbolic plane by congruent triangles called Möbius triangles, each one a fundamental domain for the action.
Karikari Peninsula
The Karikari Peninsula on the east coast of the far north of Northland, New Zealand, is between Rangaunu Harbour to the west, Rangaunu Bay to the north-west and Doubtless Bay to the east. It is a right-angled land mass of two relatively distinct parts. The rocky northern part, which has an east–west orientation and is approximately 17 km long, was originally an island but is now connected to the mainland by a low sandy tombolo approximately 11 km long, which has a north–south orientation.

Doubtless Bay
Doubtless Bay is a large inlet on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand, north-east of the town of Kaitaia, in the Far North District, Northland. It extends from Knuckle Point on Karikari Peninsula in the north to Berghan Point at Hihi in the south. There are rocky headlands, the long Tokerau Beach, smaller beaches such as Taipa, Cable Bay and Coopers Beach, and the largely estuarial Mangonui Harbour. A more-or-less contiguous string of settlements make up Taipa-Mangonui, which is the largest urban area north of Kaitaia.
Men's Hoofdklasse Hockey
The Men's Hoofdklasse Hockey, currently known as the Tulp Hoofdklasse Men for sponsorship reasons, is the men's top division of field hockey in the Netherlands. The league ranks first in the European league ranking table. The league was established in 1973, and before the league existed the champions of the several district played in a championship pool to determine the national champion.

Amsterdam are the current champions, having won the 2024–25 season by defeating Kampong in the championship final. Amsterdam and Bloemendaal have the most titles with 22 each.

2024–25 Men's Hoofdklasse Hockey
The 2024–25 Men's Hoofdklasse Hockey, also known as the Tulp Hoofdklasse Men for sponsorship reasons, was the 52nd season of the Men's Hoofdklasse Hockey, the top Dutch field hockey league. It began on 14 September 2024 and will conclude in May 2025 with the second match of the championship final.

Kampong were the defending champions, winning their ninth national title by defeating Rotterdam 3–4 on aggregate in the 2023–24 championship final. The did not defend their title as they lost the final to Amsterdam 6–5 in a shoot-out after the final finished 5–5 on aggregate. Amsterdam won their 22nd title (first since 2011–12) equalling Bloemendaal's record.
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's high jump
The Men's high jump athletics events for the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place at the Tokyo National Stadium from August 29 to September 3, 2021. A total of 3 events were contested in this discipline.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics were held in the National Stadium in Tokyo. There was 167 medal events: 93 for men, 73 for women and one mixed event. It was the largest contest of the Games programme regarding athlete numbers and medal events to be scheduled.

The 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They kept the 2020 name and were instead held from 24 August to 5 September 2021.
Fluprazine
Fluprazine (developmental code name DU-27,716) is a drug of the phenylpiperazine family. It is a so-called serenic or antiaggressive agent. It is closely related to several other piperazines, including eltoprazine and batoprazine, and TFMPP, as well as more distantly to the azapirones such as buspirone. The pharmacology of fluprazine is unknown, but it is likely to act as an agonist at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors like its sister compound eltoprazine.

Serenic
A serenic, or anti-aggressive drug, is a type of drug which reduces the capacity for aggression. Known drugs with antiaggressive effects include various serotonergic agents, antidopaminergic drugs like antipsychotics, anticonvulsants and mood stabilizers, beta blockers, nicotine, cannabinoids, oxytocin- and vasopressin-related drugs, and testosterone-suppressing drugs.
Mondrian Hong Kong
The Mondrian Hong Kong is a hotel of the brand Mondrian (operated by Accor Group) located at 8A Hart Avenue, near Chatham Road South, in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong, next to the high-rise hotel Hyatt Regency Hong Kong, Tsim Sha Tsui. It was formerly managed as Hotel Panorama by the Canadian Rhombus International Hotels Group, which also owns and manages LKF Hotel. The Hotel Panorama was eventually closed, and on December 18, 2023, re-opened as a Mondrian hotel.

Hart Avenue
Hart Avenue (Chinese: 赫德道) is a Y-shaped street in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong, located between Carnarvon Road and Chatham Road.

It was given the name Hart Avenue after Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet, a British consular official in China.

The northwestern end of the road starts at its junction with Carnarvon Road and Humphrey's Avenue. Prat Avenue branches from it immediately east of its start. It separates into two different streets halfway down, yet both are known by the same name-one branches east and ends at Chatham Road, the other turns down to Mody Road aligning Blenheim Avenue.
Brown-winged parrotbill
The brown-winged parrotbill (Suthora brunnea) is a parrotbill that was formerly placed in the Old World babblers (family Timaliidae) or in the Sylviidae, but has been shown by molecular genetic studies to belong to the distinct family Paradoxornithidae. The eye-ringed parrotbill (Suthora ricketti) was formerly considered to be a subspecies.

It is found in China and Myanmar.

Eye-ringed parrotbill
The eye-ringed parrotbill (Suthora ricketti), also known as the Yunnan parrotbill,  is a species of bird in the parrotbill family Paradoxornithidae. This 10 cm long parrotbill is endemic to China, breeding in northwest Yunnan.

It was formerly considered conspecific with the brown-winged parrotbill Suthora brunnea, (sometimes the vinous-throated parrotbill, Suthora webbiana), but more recent studies have found it to be a distinct species. Its behaviour is described as similar to that of vinous-throated.
Rosa Maria Assing
Rosa Maria Antonetta Paulina Assing (née Varnhagen; 28 May 1783, Düsseldorf – 22 January 1840, Hamburg) was a German lyric poet, prose-writer, educator, translator, and silhouette artist. She was the elder sister of Karl August Varnhagen, sister-in-law of Rahel Levin, wife of David Assing (1787 – 1842), and mother of Ottilie and Ludmilla Assing. Her friends included Amalie Schoppe, David Veit, and Fanny Tarnow.

Amalie Schoppe
Amalie Schoppe (9 October 1791, Burg auf Fehmarn, as Amalie Weise – 25 September 1858, Schenectady, New York) was a German author. She was also known by her pseudonyms Adalbert von Schonen, Amalia and Marie. She is most notable as the author of books for children and young people, with an oeuvre totaling 200 volumes. The Amalie-Schoppe-Weg in the Hamburg-Barmbek-Nord district of Hamburg and the Amalie-Schoppe-Straße in Burg auf Fehmarn are named after her.
Raoul Peck
Raoul Peck (born 9 September 1953) is a Haitian filmmaker and director. He is known for using historical, political, and personal characters to tackle and recount societal issues and historical events. Peck was Haiti's Minister of Culture from 1996 to September 1997. His film I Am Not Your Negro (2016), about the life of James Baldwin and race relations in the United States, was nominated for an Oscar in January 2017 and won a César Award in France. Peck's HBO documentary miniseries, Exterminate All the Brutes (2021),  received a Peabody Award.

Peck is also the founder of Velvet Film, a film production company in Paris, New York, and Port-au-Prince. He also founded "El Dorado Forum" (Port-au-Prince, Haiti) in 1995, a center that supports the creativity and enrichment of artists.

The Young Karl Marx
The Young Karl Marx (French: Le jeune Karl Marx; German: Der junge Karl Marx) is a 2017 historical drama film about Karl Marx, directed by Haitian filmmaker and political activist Raoul Peck, co-written by Peck and Pascal Bonitzer, and starring August Diehl. It had its world premiere at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival on 12 February 2017.
1970 Three Kings Islands expedition
The Three Kings Islands expedition was a research expedition organised by the entomological section of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) to research into the fauna and flora of the Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands. The expedition took place in November 1970.

Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands
The Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands (Manawatāwhi is also the Māori name for the largest island) are a group of 13 uninhabited islands about 55 kilometres (34 mi) northwest of Cape Reinga, New Zealand, where the South Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea converge. They measure 6.85 km2 (2.64 sq mi) in area. The islands are on a submarine plateau, the Three Kings Bank, and are separated from the New Zealand mainland by an 8 km wide, 200 to 300 m deep submarine trough. Therefore, despite relative proximity to the mainland, the islands are listed with the New Zealand Outlying Islands. The islands are an immediate part of New Zealand, but not part of any region or district, but instead Area Outside Territorial Authority, like all the other outlying islands except the Solander Islands.
F-sharp major
F-sharp major is a major scale based on F♯, consisting of the pitches F♯, G♯, A♯, B, C♯, D♯, and E♯. Its key signature has six sharps.
Its relative minor is D-sharp minor (or enharmonically E-flat minor) and its parallel minor is F-sharp minor. Its direct enharmonic, G-flat major, contains six flats in its key signature.

The F-sharp major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F-sharp harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

F-sharp minor
F-sharp minor is a minor scale based on F♯, consisting of the pitches F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D, and E. Its key signature has three sharps. Its relative major is A major and its parallel major is F-sharp major (or enharmonically G-flat major).

The F-sharp natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Momo (novel)
Momo, also known as The Grey Gentlemen or The Men in Grey, is a fantasy novel by Michael Ende, published in 1973. It is about the concept of time and how it is used by humans in modern societies. The book won the German Youth Literature Award in 1974. The full title in German (Momo oder Die seltsame Geschichte von den Zeit-Dieben und von dem Kind, das den Menschen die gestohlene Zeit zurückbrachte) translates to Momo, or the strange story of the time-thieves and the child who brought the stolen time back to the people.

Momo (2025 film)
Momo is a 2025 German fantasy film written and directed by Christian Ditter. It adapts Michael Ende’s 1973 novel Momo. The film stars Alexa Goodall as the title character alongside Araloyin Oshunremi, Kim Bodnia, Claes Bang, Laura Haddock, Jennifer Amaka Pettersson, David Schütter and Martin Freeman. The project was developed by producer Christian Becker for Rat Pack Filmproduktion, Westside Filmproduktion and Constantin Film in collaboration with Pakt Media. Fil Eisler composed the score, Christian Rein served as cinematographer and the film was edited by Sandy Saffeels and Friedemann Schmidt. Momo had its world premiere at the 2025 Zurich Film Festival during the gala section and was released theatrically in Germany on 2 October 2025.