hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
San Luis, Colorado
San Luis is a statutory town that is the county seat of and the most populous town in Costilla County, Colorado, United States. Formerly known as San Luis de la Culebra, it is the oldest continuously occupied town in Colorado. The population was 598 at the 2020 census.

Charles H. Beaubien
Charles H. Beaubien (October 22, 1800 – February 6, 1864), also known as Alexis Beaubien, Don Carlos Beaubien and Charles Trotier, was a North American-born American fur trader who was one of two investors who owned 2,700,000 acres (11,000 km2) of northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado in the Beaubien-Miranda and  Sangre de Cristo Land Grants. He served for a time on the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court.
Henri de Montmorency, 3rd Duke of Montmorency
Henri de Montmorency, 3rd Duke of Montmorency (15 June 1534 in Chantilly, Oise – 2 April 1614), Marshal of France, and Constable of France, seigneur of Damville, served as Governor of Languedoc from 1563 to 1614.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Ammonium bromide
Ammonium bromide, NH4Br, is the ammonium salt of hydrobromic acid. The chemical crystallizes in colorless prisms, possessing a saline taste; it sublimes on heating and is easily soluble in water. On exposure to air it gradually assumes a yellow color because of the oxidation of bromide (Br−) to bromine (Br2).

Bromide
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br−) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table. Most bromides are colorless. Bromides have many practical roles, being found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains.  Although uncommon, chronic toxicity from bromide can result in bromism, a syndrome with multiple neurological symptoms. Bromide toxicity can also cause a type of skin eruption, see potassium bromide. The bromide ion has an ionic radius of 196 pm.
Baladeh Rural District (Tonekabon County)
Baladeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان بلده) is in Khorramabad District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qaleh Gardan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Baladeh.

Qaleh Gardan, Mazandaran
Qaleh Gardan (Persian: قلعه گردن) is a village in, and the capital of, Baladeh Rural District in Khorramabad District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Baladeh.
Luis Mariano Montemayor
Luis Mariano Montemayor (born 16 March 1956) is an Argentinian prelate of the Catholic Church who has worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1991. He began to serve in his present position as Apostolic Nuncio to Ireland in February 2023.

Prior to this, he served as the Apostolic Nuncio to Colombia from September 2018 to February 2023, Apostolic Nuncio to the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2015 to 2018 and to Senegal, Cape Verde, and Guinea Bissau, as well as Apostolic Delegate to Mauritania from 2008 to 2015.

He was the second Argentinian to be named a nuncio, after Leonardo Sandri.

Apostolic Nunciature to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Apostolic Nunciature to the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The nuncio resides in the Gombe, Kinshasa district of Kinshasa, the capital city.

The Holy See established its Delegation to the Belgian Congo on 10 January 1930. The Democratic Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960 and the Holy See established its Nunciature to the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 16 February 1963.
Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai, also known as Jabal Musa (Arabic: جَبَل مُوسَى, lit. 'Mountain of Moses'), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is one of several locations claimed to be the biblical Mount Sinai, the place where, according to the sacred scriptures of the three major Abrahamic religions (Torah, Bible, and Quran), the Hebrew prophet Moses received the Ten Commandments from God.

It is a 2,285-meter (7,497 ft) mountain near the city of Saint Catherine in the region known today as the Sinai Peninsula. It is surrounded on all sides by higher peaks in the mountain range of which it is a part. For example, it lies next to Mount Catherine which, at 2,629 m or 8,625 ft, is the highest peak in Egypt.

Mount Catherine
Mount Saint Catherine (Arabic: جبل كاثرين; Greek: Όρος της Αγίας Αικατερίνης) is the highest mountain in Egypt. It is located near the town of Saint Catherine in the South Sinai Governorate.

The name is derived from the Christian tradition that angels transported to this mountain the body of the martyred Saint Catherine of Alexandria.

At the summit of the mountain, there is a chapel built in 1905 and a meteorological station.
University of Hull
The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1927 as University College Hull. The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull York Medical School, a joint initiative with the University of York. Students are served by Hull University Union.

The first chancellor of the university was Lord Middleton (1954–1969), followed by Lord Cohen (1970–1977), Lord Wilberforce (1978–1994), Lord Armstrong (1994–2006) and Virginia Bottomley (Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone) (2006–2023). Alan Johnson was installed as the current chancellor in July 2023.

Redbrick university
A redbrick university (or red-brick university) normally refers to one of the nine civic universities originally founded as university colleges in the major industrial cities of England in the second half of the 19th century.

However, with the 1960s proliferation of plate glass universities and the reclassification of polytechnics in the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 as post-1992 universities, all British universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in major cities are now sometimes referred to as "redbrick".

Six of the original redbrick institutions, or their predecessor institutes, gained university status before World War I and were initially established as civic science or engineering colleges. Eight of the nine original institutions are members of the Russell Group.
Rice noodles
Rice noodles are noodles made with rice flour and water as the principal ingredients. Sometimes ingredients such as tapioca or corn starch are added in order to improve the transparency or increase the gelatinous and chewy texture of the noodles. Rice noodles are most common in the cuisines of China, India and Southeast Asia. They are available fresh, frozen, or dried, in various shapes, thicknesses and textures. Fresh noodles are also highly perishable; their shelf life may be just several days.

Noodle soup
Noodle soup refers to a variety of soups with noodles and other ingredients served in a light broth. Noodle soup is a common dish across East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Himalayan states of South Asia. Various types of noodles can be used.

The oldest known record of noodles dates back to the Han dynasty of China and describes a noodle soup dish called tang bing. Archaeological evidence for noodles in China goes back thousands of years earlier, but it is unknown whether these early noodles were consumed in soup.
Los Roques Airport
Los Roques Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Los Roques) (IATA: LRV, ICAO: SVRS) is a small domestic airport on the El Gran Roque island in the Los Roques archipelago off the coast of mainland Venezuela, some 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Caracas.

The runway was extended 300 metres in 2023, by means of a controversial landfill in the eastern shore of the airport. Air traffic was controlled remotely from Simón Bolívar International Airport, but since 2023 the airport has a mobile air traffic control tower.

Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)
Maiquetía "Simón Bolívar" International Airport (IATA: CCS, ICAO: SVMI, Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Maiquetía "Simón Bolívar") is an international airport located in Maiquetía, Vargas, Venezuela, serving Caracas, the capital of the country, the center of which is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) to the west. Commonly known simply as Maiquetía by the local population, it is the main international air passenger gateway to Venezuela. The airport handles flights to several destinations in Central and South America as well as a few services to Spain, Russia and China although many international routes have been terminated since 2014.
Kitaura, Miyazaki
Kitaura (北浦町, Kitaura-chō) was a town located in Higashiusuki District, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,477 and the density of 43.24 persons per km2. The total area was 103.53 km2.

On February 20, 2006, Kitaura, along with the town of Kitakata (also from Higashiusuki District), was merged into the expanded city of Nobeoka.

Nobeoka
Nobeoka (延岡市, Nobeoka-shi) is a city located in the north of Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2023, the city had an estimated population of 113,367 in 51272 households, and a  population density of 130 persons per km². The total area of the city is 868.02 km2 (335.14 sq mi).
International Force East Timor
The International Force East Timor (INTERFET) was a multinational non-United Nations peacemaking task force, organised and led by Australia in accordance with United Nations resolutions to address the humanitarian and security crisis that took place in East Timor from 1999–2000 until the arrival of UN peacekeepers. INTERFET was commanded by an Australian military officer, Major General Peter Cosgrove.

HMAS Success (OR 304)
HMAS Success (OR 304) was a Durance-class multi-product replenishment oiler that previously served in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Built by Cockatoo Docks & Engineering Company in Sydney, Australia, during the 1980s, she is the only ship of the class to be constructed outside France, and the only one to not originally serve in the Marine Nationale (French Navy). The ship was part of the Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War, and was deployed to East Timor in response to incidents in 1999 and 2006. The ship was fitted with a double hull during the first half of 2011, to meet International Maritime Organization standards.

Success was decommissioned at Fleet Base East on 29 June 2019, after 33 years of service, and towed to Port Pirie for scrapping in August 2019.
South East Wales (European Parliament constituency)
South East Wales was a European Parliament constituency covering south eastern Wales, including Gwent and parts of Mid Glamorgan.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Aberdare, Abertillery, Bedwellty, Caerphilly, Ebbw Vale, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouth, Newport, Pontypool, Rhondda.

The constituency was replaced by most of the similarly named South Wales East in 1984.  This became part of the much larger Wales constituency in 1999.

South Wales East (European Parliament constituency)
South Wales East was a European Parliament constituency covering southeastern Wales, including Gwent and parts of Mid Glamorgan.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used the first-past-the-post system for the European Parliament elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies, and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

South Wales East replaced the similarly named South East Wales in 1984, and became part of the much larger Wales constituency in 1999.
Engine braking
Engine braking occurs when the retarding forces within an internal combustion engine are used to slow down a motor vehicle, as opposed to using additional external braking mechanisms such as friction brakes or magnetic brakes.

The term is often confused with several other types of braking, most notably compression-release braking or "jake braking" which uses a different mechanism.

Traffic regulations in many countries require trucks to always drive with an engaged gear, which in turn provides a certain amount of engine braking (viscous losses to the engine oil and air pumped through the engine and friction losses to the cylinder walls and bearings) when no accelerator pedal is applied.

Car controls
Car controls are the components in automobiles and other powered road vehicles, such as trucks and buses, used for driving and parking.

While controls like steering wheels and pedals have existed since the invention of cars, other controls have developed and adapted to the demands of drivers. For example, manual transmissions became less common as technology relating to automatic transmissions became advanced.

Earlier versions of headlights and signal lights were fueled by acetylene or oil. Acetylene was preferred to oil, because its flame is resistant to both wind and rain. Acetylene headlights, which gave a strong green-tinted light, were popular until after World War I; even though the first electric headlights were introduced in 1898 (and those were battery-powered), it wasn't until high-wattage bulbs and more powerful car electrical generating systems were developed in the late 1910s that electric lighting systems entirely superseded acetylene.
Mohawk, Michigan
Mohawk is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located in Keweenaw County, it is within Allouez Township. As an unincorporated community, Mohawk has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own but does have its own post office with the 49950 ZIP Code. The ZIP includes most of mainland Keweenaw County and also uses the Eagle Harbor and Eagle River designations.

Mohawk is centered along U.S. Highway 41 just north of the village of Ahmeek in the Keweenaw Peninsula. It is the site of the Mohawk Mining Company, which conducted copper mining in the early 1900s. Mohawkite is a rare mineral that is believed to be found only in the Mohawk Mine.

Keweenaw County, Michigan
Keweenaw County (/ˈkiːwənɔː/, KEE-wə-naw) is a county in the western Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 2,046, making it Michigan's least populous county. It is also the state's largest county by total area, including the waters of Lake Superior, as well as the state's northernmost county. The county seat is Eagle River.

Located at the northeastern end of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Keweenaw County is part of the Houghton, Michigan micropolitan area. Keweenaw County contains two National Park Service units: Isle Royale National Park and Keweenaw National Historical Park. The county is part of Michigan's Copper Country region, an area where copper mining was prevalent from the 1840s to the 1960s.
Glossary of psychiatry
This glossary covers terms found in the psychiatric literature; the word origins are primarily Greek, but there are also Latin, French, German, and English terms. Many of these terms refer to expressions dating from the early days of psychiatry in Europe; some are deprecated, and thus are of historic interest.

Autoscopy
Autoscopy is the experience in which one perceives one’s surrounding environment from a different perspective, from a position outside of one’s own body. Autoscopy comes from the ancient Greek autós (αὐτός, "self") and skopós (σκοπός, "watcher").

Autoscopy has been of interest to humanity from time immemorial and is abundant in the folklore, mythology, and spiritual narratives of most ancient and modern societies. Cases of autoscopy are commonly encountered in modern psychiatric practice. According to neurological research, autoscopic experiences are hallucinations. Their root cause is unclear. Autoscopic experiences can include non-mirroring real-time images and the experiencer may be able to move.
Heroldishausen
Heroldishausen (German pronunciation: [heːʁɔldɪsˈhaʊzn̩]) is a village and a former municipality in the Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the municipality Unstrut-Hainich.

Unstrut-Hainich
Unstrut-Hainich (German pronunciation: [ˈʊnʃtʁuːt ˈhaɪnɪç, -ˈʊns]) is a municipality in the district Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis, in Thuringia, Germany. It was created with effect from 1 January 2019 by the merger of the former municipalities of Altengottern, Flarchheim, Großengottern, Heroldishausen, Mülverstedt and Weberstedt. On 1 January 2024, it absorbed the former municipality Schönstedt. The name refers to the river Unstrut and the hill chain Hainich.
Mad (TV series)
Mad (stylized as MAD) is an American animated sketch comedy television series developed by Kevin Shinick for Cartoon Network. The series was based on Mad magazine and presented each episode as a collection of short animated parodies of television shows, films, video games, and celebrities, along with additional sketches. Unlike traditional Warner Bros. Animation productions, the show used a mix of animation styles, including computer animation, claymation, stop motion and photoshopped imagery. The series premiered on the evening of September 6, 2010, on Cartoon Network at 8:30 P.M., right after the series premiere of Regular Show. The series ended its three-year run on December 2, 2013.

Alfred E. Neuman
Alfred E. Neuman is the fictitious mascot and cover boy of the American humor magazine Mad. The character's distinctive gap-toothed smiling face, freckles, red hair, protruding ears, and scrawny body date back to late 19th-century advertisements for painless dentistry, as does the origin of his "What, me worry?" motto. The magazine's founder and original editor, Harvey Kurtzman, began using the character in 1954. He was named "Alfred E. Neuman" (a name Kurtzman had previously used in an unconnected way) by Mad's second editor Al Feldstein in 1956. Neuman's likeness has appeared on all but a handful of the magazine's covers, over 550 issues. He has almost always been rendered in a front view but has occasionally been seen in silhouette, or directly from behind.
Chagossian creole
Chagossian creole, also known as Chagossian Kreol, (also créole îlois, kreol Ilwa, or just Ilwa) is a French-based creole that was still spoken in 1994 by the 1,800 or so Chagossians, the former inhabitants of the Chagos Archipelago in the British Indian Ocean Territory. Ilwa is a variety of Mauritian Creole with influences from Seychellois Creole. It is currently spoken mainly in Mauritius and the Seychelles. There is also a small minority community speaking the language in the United Kingdom.

French-based creole languages
A French creole, or French-based creole language, is a creole for which French is the lexifier. Most often this lexifier is not modern French but rather a 17th- or 18th-century koiné of French from Paris, the French Atlantic harbors, and the nascent French colonies. This article also contains information on French pidgin languages, contact languages that lack native speakers.

These contact languages are not to be confused with non-creole varieties of French outside of Europe that date to colonial times, such as Acadian, Louisiana, New England or Quebec French.

There are over 15.5 million speakers of some form of French-based creole languages. Haitian Creole is the most spoken creole language in the world, with over 12 million speakers.
Hewlett station
Hewlett is a station on the Long Island Rail Road's Far Rockaway Branch in Hewlett, in Nassau County, New York, United States. The station is located at Franklin Avenue between Broadway and West Broadway.

Far Rockaway Branch
The Far Rockaway Branch is an electrified rail line and service owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in the U.S. state of New York. The branch begins at Valley Interlocking, just east of Valley Stream station. From Valley Stream, the line heads south and southwest through southwestern Nassau County, ending at Far Rockaway in Queens, thus reentering New York City. LIRR maps and schedules indicate that the Far Rockaway Branch service continues west along the Atlantic Branch to Jamaica, from where it can reach either Grand Central Madison or Penn Station, both in Midtown Manhattan.
Terrazzo, Veneto
Terrazzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Venice and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Verona.

Terrazzo borders the following municipalities: Badia Polesine, Bevilacqua, Boschi Sant'Anna, Castagnaro, Castelbaldo, Legnago, Merlara, Urbana, and Villa Bartolomea.

Badia Polesine
Badia Polesine is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 kilometres (43 miles) southwest of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 miles) west of Rovigo. It is part of the upper Polesine, and is bounded by the Adige river, which separates the communal territory from the province of Padua.

Badia Polesine borders the following municipalities: Canda, Castagnaro, Castelbaldo, Giacciano con Baruchella, Lendinara, Masi, Piacenza d'Adige, Terrazzo, Trecenta. The main sight is the abbey of Vangadizza.

The town has a station on the Verona-Legnago-Rovigo railroad. It can be reached by road through the  SS343 Transpolesana national road and the A31 motorway.
Agesilaus (uncle of Agis IV)
Agesilaus (/əˌdʒɛsəˈleɪəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀγησίλαος; fl. 3rd-century BC) was a Spartan statesman, the uncle of Agis IV, and the father of Hippomedon. When Agis IV began his constitutional reforms in Sparta, Hippomedon entered warmly into the schemes of Agis, and was instrumental in gaining over Agesilaus to their support. Agesilaus was a man of large property, but who, being deeply involved in debt, hoped to profit by the reforms of Agis. Under the cloak of patriotism, and during the absence of Agis on his expedition to Corinth to support Aratus, Agesilaus gave so much dissatisfaction by his administration at Sparta, that Leonidas II was recalled by the opposite party, and Agesilaus was compelled to flee the city, aided by his son.

Agis IV
Agis IV (Ancient Greek: Ἄγις; c. 265 BC – 241 BC), the elder son of Eudamidas II, was the 25th king of the Eurypontid dynasty of Sparta.  Posterity has reckoned him an idealistic but impractical monarch.