hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Douglas Hawley
George Douglas Hawley (April 3, 1841 – September 22, 1934) was an Ontario politician. He represented Lennox in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1879 to 1883 and in 1886 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Fredericksburg Township, Lennox County, Canada West in 1841, the son of Joseph Case Hawley, and educated in Kingston. Hawley married Sarah Caroline Bristol, the daughter of doctor Amos Samuel Bristol. He defeated Alexander Hall Roe in the 1879 election, lost to Roe in 1883 and then was elected to the same seat in an 1886 by-election held after Roe's death. He was defeated in the general election that followed later that year. In 1887, Hawley was named clerk for the division court at Napanee; in 1895, he was named sheriff for Lennox and Addington Counties.

Alexander Hall Roe
Alexander Hall Roe (1842 – July 12, 1884) was an Ontario merchant and political figure. He represented Lennox in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1883 to 1884.

He was born in Westport, Frontenac County in 1842 and studied at Victoria College in Cobourg. He studied law in Napanee but then moved to Forest Mills where he operated a general store, a sawmill and a gristmill. He returned to the study of law at Napanee and, although he never qualified as an attorney, was employed in the practice of general law. He was defeated by George Douglas Hawley in the 1879 general election but then won the Lennox seat in 1883. He died in office in 1884.
Klos (municipality)
Klos (Albanian definite form: Klosi) is a town and a municipality in Dibër County, northern center Albania. It was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Gurrë, Klos, Suç and Xibër, that became municipal units. The seat of the municipality is the town Klos. The total population is 16,618 (2011 census), in a total area of 357.72 km2. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 7,873. Klos lies 28.5 kilometers (17¾ mi) from Tirana and 14 kilometers (9 mi) from Burrel.

Xibër
Xibër is a former municipality in the Dibër County, northern Albania. Following the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality of Klos. The population at the 2011 census was 2,660.
International Centre for Birds of Prey
The International Centre for Birds of Prey (ICBP), formerly the National Birds of Prey Centre, in the United Kingdom houses a large collection of birds of prey with over 60 species of owls, eagles and hawks. It works towards the conservation of birds of prey through education, captive breeding, research and rehabilitation. The centre is located at Boulsdon near Newent in Gloucestershire. The Director is Jemima (Glasier) Parry-Jones.

Boulsdon
Boulsdon is a village in Gloucestershire, England.

It is the location of the International Centre for Birds of Prey.

A low mound in the village may have been the site of a motte and is known as Boulsdon Manor.
Tiptree
Tiptree is a large village and civil parish in the City of Colchester district of Essex, England. It is situated 10 miles (16 km) south-west of Colchester and around 50 miles (80 km) north-east of London. Surrounding villages include Messing, Tolleshunt Knights, Tolleshunt Major, Layer Marney, Inworth, Birch, Great Braxted, Great Totham and Little Totham. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 9,628 and the built up area had a population of 9,300.

Tollesbury
Tollesbury is a village and civil parish in the Maldon District of Essex, England. It lies on the coast at the mouth of the River Blackwater. It is situated 9 miles (14 km) east of the historic port of Maldon and 12 miles (19 km) south of Colchester. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 2,810.

For centuries Tollesbury, the village of the plough and sail, relied on the harvests of the land and the sea. The main trade and export of Tollesbury, which still thrives to this day, has long been oysters.
Laurium, Michigan
Laurium (/ˈlɔːriəm/; LAW-ri-um or /ˈleɪriəm/ LAIR-i-um) is a village in Calumet Township, Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan, in the center of the Keweenaw Peninsula. As of the 2020 census, Laurium had a population of 1,864.

The village is mostly surrounded by Calumet Township, with a small portion bordering Schoolcraft Township on the east.  The portion of Calumet Township south of Laurium is considered part of the Florida (or Florida Location) unincorporated community.

Calumet Charter Township, Michigan
Calumet Township (/ˌkæljʊˈmɛt/ KAL-yuu-MET), officially the Charter Township of Calumet, is a charter township of Houghton County in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,263 at the 2020 census. Even with a decreasing population, the township remains the largest township by population in Houghton County.
Hancun Township, Hebei
Hancun Township (simplified Chinese: 韩村乡; traditional Chinese: 韓村鄉; pinyin: Háncūn Xiāng) is a township of Xinshi District, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China. As of 2011, it has nine villages under its administration.

Jingxiu, Baoding
Jingxiu District (simplified Chinese: 竞秀区; traditional Chinese: 竞秀區; pinyin: Jìngxiù Qū) is a district of Baoding, Hebei, China. Before 2015 May, the district was known as Xinshi District (新市区; 新市區; Xīnshì Qū).
2024 Senior Open Championship
The 2024 Senior Open Championship, by sponsor reasons named The Senior Open presented by Rolex, was a senior major golf championship for players aged 50 and over. It was the 37th Senior Open Championship. It was held 25–28 July at Carnoustie Golf Links in Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland. It was the 21st Senior Open Championship played as a senior major championship.

Carnoustie Golf Links
Carnoustie Golf Links is in Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland. Carnoustie has four courses – the historic Championship Course, the Burnside Course, the Buddon Links Course and a free-to-play short, five-hole course called The Nestie. Carnoustie Golf Links is one of the venues in the Open Championship rotation and has hosted golf's oldest major on eight occasions (1931, 1937, 1953, 1968, 1975, 1999, 2007, 2018), as well as the Senior Open Championship in 2010 and 2016 and the Women's British Open in 2011 and 2021.
Katamon
Katamon or Qatamon (Hebrew: קטמון; Arabic: قطمون, romanized: Qaṭamūn; Greek: Καταμόνας, romanized: Katamónas; from the Ancient Greek κατὰ τῷ μοναστηρίῳ, katà tôi monastēríōi, 'by the monastery'), officially known as Gonen (Hebrew: גּוֹנֵן, lit. 'Defender'; mainly used in municipal publications), is a neighborhood in south-central Jerusalem. It is built next to an old Greek Orthodox monastery, believed to have been constructed on the home and the tomb of Simeon from the Gospel of Luke.

The neighborhood was established in the early 1900s, shortly before World War I, as a wealthy, predominantly Palestinian Christian neighborhood. During the 1947–48 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, the local population fled the intense fighting in the area and were not allowed to return by the new Israeli state. Instead Katamon was soon repopulated by Jewish refugees.

Hapoel Jerusalem F.C.
Hapoel Jerusalem Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל ירושלים, Mo'adon Kaduregel Hapoel Yerushalayim) is an Israeli professional football club based in Jerusalem. It competes in the Israeli Premier League, the top flight of Israeli football. Founded in 1926, their home ground is the Teddy Stadium.
As a protest against the conduct of the club's owners since the 1990s, the Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem football club was established in 2007, the first football club in Israel owned by its fans. The club was named after Katamon Stadium, which was formerly used by Hapoel Jerusalem. The club existed in parallel with Hapoel Jerusalem for 12 years.

In 2019 Hapoel Jerusalem was disbanded and in August 2020, Hapoel Katamon acquired the rights to the name Hapoel Jerusalem and officially became Hapoel Jerusalem. Since then, the club is owned by its fans and is managed by a board of seven members.

The team's record achievement is winning the State Cup and third place in the First League in 1973.
Greece men's national under-21 basketball team
The Greece men's national under-21 basketball team (Greek: Εθνική ομάδα καλαθοσφαίρισης Νέων Ανδρών Ελλάδας) (Greek Young Men National Basketball Team), represents Greece in international under-21 basketball competitions, and it is organized and run by the Hellenic Basketball Federation (EOK). The Greece men's national under-21 basketball team played at the FIBA Under-21 World Cup.

Hellenic Basketball Federation
The Hellenic Basketball Federation (abbreviated HBF; Greek: Ελληνική Ομοσπονδία Καλαθοσφαίρισης, abbreviated as Ε.Ο.Κ.,) is the main basketball governing body for the sport in Greece. It directs and oversees all of the national basketball teams of Greece, including both the junior and senior national teams, of both men and women. From 1969 to 1992, the E.O.K. also solely oversaw the top-tier level men's Greek National Basketball League, before its basic operation was taken over by HEBA, starting with the 1992–93 basketball season.
Bennett University
Bennett University, is a private university, located in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, established by the Act of State Legislature of Uttar Pradesh as a private university to award degrees as specified under section 22 of the UGC Act to the students studying in its main campus in regular mode with the approval of Statutory Bodies/Councils, wherever required.

Greater Noida
Greater Noida is a planned city located in the Gautam Buddha Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was created as an extension of the area under the UP Industrial Area Development Act, of 1976. Situated 40.2 km (25.0 mi) southeast of the Center of the capital city New Delhi, it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway. The city is administered by the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA).

Noida was one of several planned cities developed in the 1980s to address rapid population growth in metropolitan areas such as Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata. However, population growth in Noida surpassed early projections, prompting the Government of Uttar Pradesh to plan an extension of the city — later developed as Greater Noida.
Borei-class submarine
The Borei class, alternate transliteration Borey, Russian designation Project 955 Borei and Project 955A Borei-A (Russian: Борей, lit. 'Boreas', NATO reporting name Dolgorukiy), are a series of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines being constructed by Sevmash for the Russian Navy. The class has been replacing the steadily retiring Russian Navy Delta III and Delta IV classes and fully retired (as of February 2023) Typhoon, all three classes being Soviet-era submarines.

Despite being a replacement for many types of SSBNs, Borei-class submarines are much smaller than those of the Typhoon class in both displacement and crew (24,000 tons submerged opposed to 48,000 tons and 107 personnel as opposed to 160 for the Typhoons). In terms of class, they are more accurately a follow-on for the Delta IV-class SSBNs.

RSM-56 Bulava
The RSM-56 Bulava (Russian: Булава, lit. "mace", NATO reporting names SS-N-30 / SS-NX-32, GRAU index 3M30, 3K30) is a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) developed for the Russian Navy and deployed in 2019 on the new Borei class of ballistic missile nuclear submarines. It is intended to serve as a crucial component of Russia's nuclear triad.

Designed by Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology, development of the missile was launched in the late 1990s as a replacement for the R-39 Rif solid-fuel SLBM. The Project 955/955A Borei-class submarines carry 16 missiles per vessel.

A source in the Russian defense industry told TASS on June 29, 2018, that the D-30 missile system with the R-30 Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile had been accepted for service in the Russian Navy after its successful four-missile salvo launch tests in 2018.
Englemere Pond
Englemere Pond is a 26.1-hectare (64-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the southern outskirts of North Ascot in Berkshire. The site is also a Local Nature Reserve. It is owned by the Crown Estate and managed by Bracknell Forest Borough Council.

North Ascot
North Ascot is an area of Bracknell Forest in the county of Berkshire in England, with a few acres straddling the town of Ascot in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead. It lies north of the A329 and west of the A332, adjoining the Ascot Racecourse, Heatherwood Hospital and the village of Burleigh.
Category of rings
In mathematics, the category of rings, denoted by Ring, is the category whose objects are rings (with identity) and whose morphisms are ring homomorphisms (that preserve the identity). Like many categories in mathematics, the category of rings is large, meaning that the class of all rings is proper.

Initial and terminal objects
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an initial object of a category C is an object I in C such that for every object X in C, there exists precisely one morphism I → X.

The dual notion is that of a terminal object (also called terminal element): T is terminal if for every object X in C there exists exactly one morphism X → T. Initial objects are also called coterminal or universal, and terminal objects are also called final.

If an object is both initial and terminal, it is called a zero object or null object.  A pointed category is one with a zero object.

A strict initial object I is one for which every morphism into I is an isomorphism (strict terminal objects are defined analogously).
David Wands
David Wands is professor of cosmology at the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, in the University of Portsmouth.

He was educated at Dr Challoner's Grammar School, Amersham, and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he read Natural Sciences (Physical) and Mathematics. He received his PhD from the University of Sussex in 1994, supervised by John D. Barrow in the Astronomy Centre.

Wands has published numerous research papers on cosmology, the physics of the early universe and the origin of cosmic structure. Wands' research involves investigation of primordial fluctuations in the density and metric of spacetime. He proposed the curvaton model for the origin of cosmic structure, with David H. Lyth in 2001.

David H. Lyth
Professor David Lyth (21 June 1940) is a researcher in particle cosmology at the University of Lancaster. He has published over 165 papers as well as two books on early universe cosmology and cosmological inflation.
Passeig de Gràcia
Passeig de Gràcia (Catalan pronunciation: [pəˈsɛdʒ də ˈgɾasiə]) is one of the major avenues in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) and one of its most important shopping and business areas, containing several of the city's most celebrated pieces of architecture.  It is located in the central part of Eixample, stretching from Plaça Catalunya to Carrer Gran de Gràcia.

Passeig de Gràcia is regarded as the most expensive street in Barcelona and in Spain.

Eixample
The Eixample (Catalan: [əˈʃamplə] 'Expansion'; Spanish: Ensanche [enˈsantʃe]) is a district of Barcelona between the old city (Ciutat Vella) and what were once surrounding small towns (Sants, Gràcia, Sant Andreu, etc.), constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its population was 262,000 at the last census (2005).
Kundal
Kundal is a town in Palus Taluka within the Sangli District of southwestern Maharashtra, India. It has a population of 18,287 people - 9,432 males and 8,855 females according to the 2011 census. Kundal is located 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of the district capital, Sangli and 5km from Palus.

Palus, Maharashtra
Palus is a city and municipal council in sangli district.

In Palus, Grapes production is also done on a very large scale and grapes of Palus are widely known. The grapes here are also sold abroad.

Grapes are grown here using new technologies and different methods.
Rakovica, Ilidža
Rakovica is a village in central-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, west of Ilidža and Sarajevo, in the municipality of Ilidža.

Ernst von Mansfeld, a mercenary general of the Thirty Years' War, died at Rakovica in 1626, while trying to reach Venice.

Ilidža
Ilidža (Serbian Cyrillic: Илиџа, pronounced [i.lǐ.dʒa]) is a spa town and a municipality located in Sarajevo Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has a total population of 66,730 with 63,528 in Ilidža itself, and is a chief suburb of Sarajevo and de facto its neighborhood. It is best known for the Vrelo Bosne spring, as well as the natural environment of its surroundings and historical tradition dating back to Neolithic times. Sarajevo International Airport is located nearby.
2023 Qatar Total Open
The 2023 Qatar Total Open, also known as Qatar TotalEnergies Open, was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 21st edition of the event as a WTA 500 tournament on the 2023 WTA Tour. It took place at the International Tennis and Squash complex in Doha, Qatar, during 13–18 February 2023.

2023 WTA Tour
The 2023 WTA Tour (branded as the 2023 Hologic WTA Tour for sponsorship reasons) was the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2023 tennis season. The 2023 WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the 2023 WTA Finals and the WTA Elite Trophy), and the team events United Cup (combined event with ATP) and Hopman Cup (sanctioned by the ITF). 2023 also marked the return of the WTA to China, after strict COVID-19 protocols in the country and the disappearance of former tennis player Peng Shuai.
Jack Ruby
Jack Leon Ruby (born Jacob Rubenstein; c. March 25, 1911 – January 3, 1967) was an American nightclub owner notable for murdering Lee Harvey Oswald.

Born in Chicago, Ruby operated nightclubs in Texas. On November 24, 1963, two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Ruby shot and mortally wounded Oswald in Dallas Police Headquarters and was immediately arrested. The shooting happened on live television. Ruby was convicted and sentenced to death. The conviction was overturned on appeal, and he was granted a new trial, but Ruby fell ill, was diagnosed with cancer, and died of a pulmonary embolism on January 3, 1967.

In 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that there was no evidence Ruby was part of a conspiracy; despite this, Ruby's murder of Oswald has stoked John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories.

Parkland Memorial Hospital
Parkland Memorial Hospital is a public hospital located in Dallas, Texas. It is the main hospital of the Parkland Health & Hospital System and serves as Dallas County's public hospital. It is located within the Southwestern Medical District. The hospital is staffed by the faculty, residents, and medical students of UT Southwestern Medical Center. Parkland Hospital was first established on Maple Avenue in 1894. In 1954, the hospital relocated to a second campus on Harry Hines Boulevard. A third facility, located across the street from the second site, opened in 2015 and remains the current location as of 2025. The second campus was demolished between 2024 and 2025. The Parkland Medical District continues to provide services and medical education to Dallas County.
Dungeon Defenders
Dungeon Defenders is a hybrid multiplayer video game developed by Trendy Entertainment that combines the genres of tower defense and action role-playing game. It is based on a showcase of Unreal Engine 3 named Dungeon Defense. The game takes place in a fantasy setting where players control the young apprentices of wizards and warriors and defend against hordes of monsters. A sequel titled Dungeon Defenders II was released in 2015.

Tower defense
Tower defense (TD) is a subgenre of strategy games where the goal is to defend a player's territories or possessions by obstructing the enemy attackers or by stopping enemies from reaching the exits, usually achieved by placing defensive structures on or along their path of attack. This typically means building a variety of different structures that serve to automatically block, impede, attack or destroy enemies. Tower defense is seen as a subgenre of real-time strategy video games, due to its real-time origins, even though many modern tower defense games include aspects of turn-based strategy. Strategic choice and positioning of defensive elements is an essential strategy of the genre.
Averham
Averham /ˈɛərəm/ is a village and civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 187, increasing to 294 at the 2011 census (which included Staythorpe), however Averham alone reported 215 residents at the 2021 census. The village is just west of Newark-on-Trent.  Staythorpe Power Station is south-west of the village.

Newark and Sherwood
Newark and Sherwood is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest district by area in the county. The council is based in Newark-on-Trent, the area's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Southwell and Ollerton along with a large rural area containing many villages. Much of the district lies within the ancient Sherwood Forest and there are also extensive forestry plantations in the area.

The neighbouring districts are Rushcliffe, Gedling, Ashfield, Mansfield, Bassetlaw, West Lindsey, North Kesteven, South Kesteven and Melton. In 2021 it had a population of 123,383.
East Grand Rapids, Michigan
East Grand Rapids is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,371.

The city is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area, including Grand Rapids and Grand Rapids Township, but the city is administered autonomously.

Kent County, Michigan
Kent County is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the county had a population of 657,974, making it the fourth most populous county in Michigan, and the largest outside of the Detroit area. Its county seat is Grand Rapids. The county was set off in 1831, and organized in 1836. It is named for New York jurist and legal scholar James Kent, who represented the Michigan Territory in its dispute with Ohio over the Toledo Strip.

Kent County is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is West Michigan's economic and manufacturing center. It is home of the Frederik Meijer Gardens, a significant cultural landmark of the Midwest. The Gerald R. Ford International Airport is the county's primary location for regional and international airline traffic.
St Paul's Church, Newport, Isle of Wight
50°42′10″N 01°17′05″W﻿ / ﻿50.70278°N 1.28472°W﻿ / 50.70278; -1.28472

St Paul's Church, Newport is a parish church in the Church of England located in Barton, Isle of Wight and Newport, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom. The church is Grade II listed.

Newport, Isle of Wight
Newport is the county town of the Isle of Wight, an island county off the south coast of England. The town is slightly north of the centre of the island, located in the civil parish of Newport and Carisbrooke. It has a quay at the head of the navigable section of the River Medina, which flows northwards to Cowes and the Solent. The 2021 census recorded a population of 25,407.