hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colusa High School
Colusa High School is a public high school located in Colusa, Colusa County, California, United States.

In August 2010, it was featured on the MTV series If You Really Knew Me.

Colusa Grammar School and Colusa High School and Grounds (the 1926 building, which served as a junior high school until 1976) are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Colusa High School and Grounds
The Colusa High School and Grounds, at 745 10th St. in Colusa, California, was built during 1925 to 1926.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.  It was built as a high school in 1926 and later served as a junior high school, until 1976.  At the time of its National Register nomination it was most commonly known as the Old Colusa Junior High School.

It was then the third home of the Colusa High School, having replaced the second building of the which was built in 1903.

It was designed by architect George C. Sellon and was intended to serve 300 students.  It was funded by a $200,000 bond.

It is a two-story, 252 by 82 feet (77 m × 25 m) building, with a 60 feet (18 m) tower over its main entrance.

It is Mediterranean Revival in style.
EU-Alert
EU-Alert is a Public Warning System designed to disseminate emergency alerts to mobile phones based on Cell Broadcast technology, as defined by ETSI standards. National authorities are able to disseminate emergency alerts and warning messages through the system. EU-Alert is a standard designed for interoperability and national implementation may vary. The standards are based on NL-Alert from the Netherlands, which first became operational in 2012.

Wireless Emergency Alerts
Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), formerly known as the Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) and, prior to that, as the Personal Localized Alerting Network (PLAN), is an alerting network in the United States designed to disseminate emergency alerts to cell phones using Cell Broadcast technology, similar to the radio and television counterpart, the Emergency Alert System. Organizations are able to disseminate and coordinate emergency alerts and warning messages through WEA and other public systems by means of the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System.
Simatai
Simatai (Chinese: 司马台; pinyin: Sīmǎtái), a section of the Great Wall of China located in the north of Miyun District, 120 km northeast of the city center of Beijing, holds the access to Gubeikou, a strategic pass in the eastern part of the Great Wall. It was closed in June 2010 but has been reopened to tourists since 2014.

Miyun, Beijing
Miyun District (simplified Chinese: 密云区; traditional Chinese: 密雲區; pinyin: Mìyún Qū) is situated in northeast Beijing. It has an area of 2,227 km2 (860 sq mi) and a population of 527,683 (2020 Census). Its government seat is located in Gulou Subdistrict.
St Nicholas' Church, Berden
St Nicholas' Church is a Grade I listed parish church in the village of Berden, Essex, England.

Of the Early English Gothic style, the church has a Norman nave with 13th-century transepts and a tower dated to the 15th century. It underwent major restoration in 1868.

The church held a 20th-century 38-year revival of a "Boy Bishop" miracle play. It contains memorials to significant families of the local Berden Hall and Berden Priory, and to a murdered Berden parish constable.

St Nicholas' is part of a joint benefice—sharing a common priest— in the Deanery of Saffron Walden of the Diocese of Chelmsford. Other churches in the group are St Mary the Virgin at Manuden; St Simon and St Jude at Quendon; and All Saints at Rickling.

Berden
Berden is a village and civil parish in Essex, England. Berden village is approximately 6 miles (10 km) north from Bishop's Stortford, its post town (which is over the county boundary in Hertfordshire), and 21 miles (34 km) north-west of Essex's county town of Chelmsford. Berden parish, with its own parish council, is in the district of Uttlesford and in the parliamentary constituency of Saffron Walden.

At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 473.

Berden was part of Clavering hundred and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as a location with four villagers and five smallholders.
Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)
The Free Church of Scotland is a Scottish denomination which was formed in 1843 by a large withdrawal from the established Church of Scotland in a schism known as the Disruption of 1843. In 1900, the vast majority of the Free Church of Scotland joined with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland to form the United Free Church of Scotland (which itself mostly re-united with the Church of Scotland in 1929). In 1904, the House of Lords judged that the constitutional minority that did not enter the 1900 union were entitled to the whole of the church's patrimony (see Bannatyne v. Overtoun); the residual Free Church of Scotland acquiesced in the division of those assets, between itself and those who had entered the union, by a Royal Commission in 1905. Despite the late founding date, the leadership held a doctrine of unbroken succession of leaders going back to the Apostles.

Original Secession Church
The Original Secession Church or United Original Secession Church was a Scottish Presbyterian denomination formed in 1827 by the union of (1) the Anti-Burgher Old Lights, led by Thomas M'Crie the Elder and known as "the Constitutional Associate Presbytery" and (2) the portion of the Anti-Burgher New Lights that refused to merge with the Burgher New Lights, led by George Paxton and known as "the Synod of Protesters". The title 'United Original Secession Church' was adopted in 1842, after the 'Original Secession Church', by then led by Thomas M'Crie the Younger, united with the portion of the Burgher Old Lights that refused to merge with the Church of Scotland. In 1852 some of its members, including Thomas M'Crie the Younger, merged with the Free Church of Scotland formed by the Disruption of 1843. In 1956 the remainder of the Original Secession Church merged with the Church of Scotland.
Yōryū Fourth File Rook
In shogi, Yōryū Fourth File Rook  (耀龍四間飛車 yōryū shikenbisha) is a Fourth File Rook (Ranging Rook) opening. This strategy was developed by Takahiro Ōhashi, who published a systematic study of it in a book of the same name in 2020. He was awarded the prestigious Masuda Award in 2021 for the development of this tactic.

Cozy castle
The Cozy castle or Ōsumi castle (Japanese: 大住囲い or 大隅囲い, romanized: Ōsumi gakoi) is a type of shogi castle.

It is one of the fastest castles to form; it can be completed in just three moves (e.g., in the case of Black (sente) castling to the right, K-48, K-38, G-48). It is mainly used in ranging rook openings, but it can be used in static rook openings as well.
Serigne Mouhamadou Fallilou Mbacké
Serigne Mouhamadou Fallou Mbacké (Serigne Muhammadu Fadal Mbacke; Wolof: Sëriñ Muhammadu Fallou Mbàkke; 1888-1968) was a Senegalese religious leader. He served as the second Caliph of the Mouride brotherhood, a large Sufi order based in Senegal, from 1945 until his death in 1968. He was the son of Sufi saint and religious leader Sheikh Amadou Bamba.

Amadou Bamba
Amadou Bamba (1853–1927), also known to followers as the Servant of the Messenger (Arabic: خادِم الرسول, romanized: Khādim al-Rasūl)  and Serigne Touba or "Sheikh of Touba", was a Sufi saint and founder of the Mouride Brotherhood (the Muridiyya).
Borgohain
Borgohain (Ahom language: Chao Thao Lung) was one of the two original counselors in the Ahom kingdom. He was selected by the Ahom king from members of the Ahom nobility (Satgharia Ahom), who vowed not to fight for the position of Ahom kingship, rather act as a guide to the Ahom king in matters of administering his province in an efficient manner (King Maker). The other original counsellor is the Burhagohain. Both the positions existed from the time of the first Ahom king, Sukaphaa. After the first major expansion of the Ahom kingdom, the Sadiya province was initially given to the Borgohain to administer. But later in the year 1527, he was replaced by King-lun Buragohain who was made Thao-mung Bo-ngen (Sadiyakhowa Gohain). After that, he was given the region south of the Dikhou river to Kaliabor on the south bank. In later times, he administered the region east of Burai on the north bank, as Borbarua was given the charge of territories between Sadiya province to Kaliabor.

Ahom dynasty
Ahom dynasty (1228–1826 A.D.) and (1833–1838 A.D.) ruled the Ahom Kingdom in present-day Assam, India for nearly 600 years. The dynasty was established by Sukaphaa, a Shan prince of Mong Mao (present-day Shan State, Myanmar) who came to Assam after crossing the Patkai mountains. The rule of this dynasty ended with the Burmese invasion of Assam and the subsequent annexation by the British East India Company following the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826.

In external medieval chronicles the kings of this dynasty were called Asam Raja, whereas the subjects of the kingdom called them Chaopha, or Swargadeo (in Assamese).
Pre-owned asset tax
In the United Kingdom, Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs acted against certain inheritance tax (IHT) avoidance schemes by imposing a standalone income tax charge. The tax was introduced in the Finance Act 2004 and came into effect from  6 April 2005.

This has become known as pre-owned assets tax (POAT). POAT applies where an individual disposes of an asset but somehow retains the ability to use or enjoy it. POAT is never applicable when IHT is; therefore, the media and public have granted the issue little attention. POAT is also a retroactive tax: even if an action had no IHT repercussions at the time, POAT may be applied years after the action.

Inheritance tax in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, inheritance tax is a transfer tax. It was introduced with effect from 18 March 1986, replacing capital transfer tax. The UK has the fourth highest inheritance tax rate in the world, according to conservative think tank, the Tax Foundation, though only a very small proportion of the population pays it; 3.7% of deaths recorded in the UK in the 2020–21 tax year resulted in inheritance tax liabilities.
Superficial branch of ulnar nerve
The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve is a terminal branch of the ulnar nerve. It supplies the palmaris brevis and the skin on the ulnar side of the hand. It also divides into a common palmar digital nerve and a proper palmar digital nerve.

The proper digital branches are distributed to the fingers in the same manner as those of the median nerve.

Proper palmar digital nerves of ulnar nerve
The proper palmar digital nerves of the ulnar nerve are nerves of the hand.

The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve divides into a proper palmar digital nerve, which supplies the medial side of the fifth digit and a common palmar digital nerve which divides into two proper palmar digital nerves that supply the adjacent sides of the fourth and fifth digits.
Mezhevskoy District
Mezhevskoy District (Russian: Межевско́й райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kostroma Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,178 square kilometers (841 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Georgiyevskoye. Population: 2,995 (2021 Census); 4,461 (2010 Census);  5,851 (2002 Census); 6,993 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Georgiyevskoye accounts for 56.3% of the district's total population.

Georgiyevskoye, Mezhevskoy District, Kostroma Oblast
Georgiyevskoye (Russian: Гео́ргиевское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Mezhevskoy District, Kostroma Oblast, Russia. Population:  2,513 (2010 Census); 2,816 (2002 Census); 2,948 (1989 Soviet census).
George Child Villiers, 9th Earl of Jersey
George Francis Child-Villiers, 9th Earl of Jersey (15 February 1910 – 9 August 1998), was an English peer and banker from the Villiers family. Lord Jersey gave one of the family seats, Osterley Park, to the British nation in the late 1940s. He was a descendant of King Henry VII of England

Villiers family
Villiers (/ˈvɪlərz/ VIL-ərz) is an aristocratic family in the United Kingdom. Over time, various members of the Villiers family were made knights, baronets, and peers. Peerages held by the Villiers family include the dukedoms of Buckingham (1623–1687) and Cleveland (1670–1709), as well as the earldoms of Anglesey (1623–1661), Jersey (since 1697), and Clarendon (since 1776). Perhaps the most prominent members of the family were those who received the two dukedoms: George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham (1592–1628) rose to fame and influence as favourite of King James I of England, while Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland (1640–1709) became a mistress of King Charles II of England, by whom she had five children.
Newport Jazz Festival
The Newport Jazz Festival is an annual American multi-day jazz music festival held every summer in Newport, Rhode Island. Elaine Lorillard established the festival in 1954, and she and husband Louis Lorillard financed it for many years. They hired George Wein to organize the first festival  and bring jazz to Rhode Island.

Most of the early festivals were broadcast on Voice of America radio, and many performances were recorded and released as albums. In 1972, the Newport Jazz Festival was moved to New York City. In 1981, it became a two-site festival when it was returned to Newport while continuing in New York. From 1984 to 2008, the festival was known as the JVC Jazz Festival; in the economic downturn of 2009, JVC ceased its support of the festival and was replaced by CareFusion.

The festival is hosted in Newport at Fort Adams State Park. It is often held in the same month as the Newport Folk Festival.

Rahsaan Roland Kirk
Rahsaan Roland Kirk (born Ronald Theodore Kirk; August 7, 1935 – December 5, 1977), known earlier in his career simply as Roland Kirk, was an American jazz multi-instrumentalist who played tenor saxophone, flute, and many other instruments. He was renowned for his onstage vitality; in his shows, virtuoso improvisation was accompanied by comic banter, political ranting, and the simultaneous playing of several instruments.
2011–12 Kent Football League
The 2011–12 Kent Football League season (known as the 2011–12 Hurlimann Kent Football League for sponsorship reasons) was the 46th in the history of Kent Football League a football competition in England.

The League structure comprised three divisions: a Premier Division together with Divisions One and Two – the latter two were known as the Reserves Section, comprising reserves teams which were not permitted in the Premier Division. Additionally there were two league cup competitions, the Challenge Cup for the Premier Division clubs and another for the teams in the two divisions of the Reserves Section.

Herne Bay F.C.
Herne Bay Football Club is a football club based in Herne Bay, Kent, England. Affiliated to the Kent County Football Association, they are currently members of the Isthmian League South East Division and play at Winch's Field.
William O'Brien
William O'Brien (2 October 1852 – 25 February 1928) was an Irish nationalist, journalist, agrarian agitator, social revolutionary, politician, party leader, newspaper publisher, author and Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. He was particularly associated with the campaigns for land reform in Ireland during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as well as his conciliatory approach to attaining Irish Home Rule.

Irish Reform Association
The  Irish Reform Association  (1904–1905) was an attempt to introduce limited devolved self-government to Ireland by a group of reform oriented Irish unionist land owners who proposed to initially adopt something less than full Home Rule.  It failed to gain acceptance due to fierce opposition from Ulster Unionists who on the one hand claimed it went too far, and on the other hand denounced by Irish Nationalists who claimed it did not go far enough. Also known as the Irish Reform Movement, it ended in calamity for most of those concerned.
Michael Grandage
Michael Grandage CBE (born 2 May 1962) is a British theatre director and producer. He is currently artistic director of the Michael Grandage Company. From 2002 to 2012 he was artistic director of the Donmar Warehouse in London and from 2000 to 2005 he was artistic director of Sheffield Theatres.

John Logan (writer)
John David Logan (born September 24, 1961) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and producer. He is known for his work as a screenwriter for films such as Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000), Gore Verbinski’s Rango (2011), Martin Scorsese's The Aviator (2004) and Hugo (2011), Tim Burton's Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) and Sam Mendes' James Bond films Skyfall (2012), and Spectre (2015). He has been nominated for three Academy Awards, and has won a Tony Award and a Golden Globe.
Jem and the Holograms (film)
Jem and the Holograms is a 2015 American musical drama film produced and directed by Jon M. Chu, written by Ryan Landels, and starring Aubrey Peeples (as the title character), Stefanie Scott, Hayley Kiyoko, Aurora Perrineau, Ryan Guzman, Molly Ringwald and Juliette Lewis. Loosely based on Christy Marx's 1980s animated television series Jem, the film was produced by Allspark Pictures (a subsidiary of Hasbro Studios) and Blumhouse Productions.

Chu's interest in developing a film adaptation of Jem is based on having grown up watching the original series with his sisters. He had attempted to make the film 11 years earlier, but was rejected by Universal due to the cost.

Jem and the Holograms was theatrically released on October 23, 2015, by Universal Pictures. The film was a financial failure, grossing $2.3 million worldwide on a $5 million budget and was not well received by critics.

Jem (TV series)
Jem, also known as Jem and The Holograms, is an American animated musical television series that ran from 1985 to 1988. The series is about record company owner Jerrica Benton, her singer alter-ego Jem, and the adventures of her band Jem and The Holograms. The series was a joint collaboration by Hasbro, Sunbow Productions and Marvel Productions, the same team responsible for G.I. Joe and Transformers. The creator of the series, Christy Marx, had also been a staff writer for the aforementioned programs.

The animation for most of the episodes was provided by Japanese animation studio Toei Animation. Eleven episodes and the opening sequence were instead provided by the South Korean studio AKOM. First-run syndication in the United Kingdom was from 1987 to 1988 on TV-am, from 1987 to 1990 on Sky Channel, from 1992 to 1994 on UK Gold and in 1994 on The Children's Channel.
Rho family of GTPases
The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, including yeasts and some plants. Three members of the family have been studied in detail: Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA. All G proteins are "molecular switches", and Rho proteins play a role in organelle development, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell movement, and other common cellular functions.

GTPase
GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved P-loop "G domain", a protein domain common to many GTPases.
Thangmi language
Thangmi, also called Thāmī, Thangmi Kham, Thangmi Wakhe, and Thani, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in central-eastern Nepal and northeastern India by the Thami people. The Thami refer to their language as Thangmi Kham or Thangmi Wakhe while the rest of Nepal refers to it as Thāmī. The majority of these speakers, however, live in Nepal in their traditional homeland of Dolakhā District. In India, the Thami population is concentrated mostly in Darjeeling. The Thangmi language is written using the Devanagari script.  Thangmi has been extensively documented by Mark Turin.

Sindhupalchowk District
Sindhupalchok District (or Sindhupalchok, Nepali: सिन्धुपाल्चोक जिल्ला [sindʱupalt͡sok] ⓘ) is a part of Bagmati Province and one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, with an area of 2,542 km2 (981 sq mi). The district's headquarters is in Chautara. In 2006, 336,478 people resided in 79 village development committees; in 2011 there were 287,798.
Orekhovy Island
59°57′14.48″N 31°02′18.68″E﻿ / ﻿59.9540222°N 31.0385222°E﻿ / 59.9540222; 31.0385222

Orekhovy Island (Russian: Ореховый остров; Swedish: Nötö; Finnish: Pähkinäsaari) is an island in Russia, situated in Lake Ladoga and located at the confluence of Ladoga and the River Neva, at the town of Shlisselburg in Leningrad Oblast. The island is the site of the medieval Oreshek Fortress, where Sweden and the Novgorod Republic signed the Treaty of Nöteborg in 1323. In Russian, Finnish, and Swedish, the name means 'nut island'.

Shlisselburg
Shlisselburg (Russian: Шлиссельбу́рг, IPA: [ʂlʲɪsʲɪlʲˈburk]; German: Schlüsselburg; Finnish: Pähkinälinna; Swedish: Nöteborg), formerly Oreshek (Орешек) (1323–1611) and Petrokrepost (Петрокрепость) (1944–1992), is a town in Kirovsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the head of the Neva River on Lake Ladoga, 35 kilometers (22 mi) east of St. Petersburg. Population:  13,170 (2010 census); 12,401 (2002 census); 12,589 (1989 Soviet census).

The Shlisselburg Fortress and the town center are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Turner Carroll Gallery
Turner Carroll Gallery is a fine art gallery on Canyon Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico, established in 1991 and owned and operated by Michael Carroll and Tonya Turner Carroll. The couple's cumulative experience includes Sotheby's London, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Israel Museum, and art studies in Russia and Italy.

The gallery represents contemporary art from diverse areas of the world. To date, the gallery has featured exhibitions and artists from Romania, Ireland, France, Russia, Mexico, Korea, China, and Japa.

The gallery has featured artists who have works in the Whitney Museum of American Art, The Museum of Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Berkeley Art Museum, the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, the Russian State Museum, and the Dallas Museum of Art.

Canyon Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico
Canyon Road is an art district in Santa Fe, New Mexico with over a hundred art galleries and studios exhibiting a wide range of art, including Native American art and antiquities, historical and contemporary Latino art, regional art, international folk art, and contemporary art.
Matthew 8
Matthew 8 is the eighth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and continues the narrative about Jesus's ministry in Galilee previously described in Matthew 4:23–25. It follows on from the Sermon on the Mount, noting in its opening verse that Jesus had come down from the mountain where he had been teaching. There is a renewed focus in this chapter on Jesus's ministry of healing.

Matthew 8:1
Matthew 8:1  is the first verse of the eighth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The Sermon on the Mount has been concluded in the previous chapter and this verse opens a section focusing on Jesus' miracles, which continue into Matthew 9.