hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minkowski space (number field)
In mathematics, specifically the field of algebraic number theory, a Minkowski space is a Euclidean space associated with an algebraic number field.

If K is a number field of degree d then there are d distinct embeddings of K into C.   We let KC be the image of K in the product Cd, considered as equipped with the usual Hermitian inner product.  If c denotes complex conjugation, let KR denote the subspace of KC fixed by c, equipped with a scalar product.  This is the Minkowski space of K.

Algebraic number theory
Algebraic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations. Number-theoretic questions are expressed in terms of properties of algebraic objects such as algebraic number fields and their rings of integers, finite fields, and function fields. These properties, such as whether a ring admits unique factorization, the behavior of ideals, and the Galois groups of fields, can resolve questions of primary importance in number theory, like the existence of solutions to Diophantine equations.
Mangemangeroa Creek
Mangemangeroa Creek is a tidal estuary and stream in the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. The creek forms a border between metropolitan East Auckland and the rural countryside around Whitford.

Whitford, New Zealand
Whitford is a rural town to the south-east of Auckland, New Zealand, located on the Pōhutukawa Coast. The area is a part of the rohe of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, who settled around the Turanga Creek area. Whitford developed into a rural township in the 19th Century, known for its ostriches, thoroughbred horses, and quarry.
Taigei-class submarine
The Taigei-class submarines (29SS; (Japanese: たいげい; "Big Whale") is a new class of attack submarines after 2022, developed for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It is the successor to the Sōryū class.

The Taigei class is equipped with a large amount of lithium-ion batteries, as is the case with the eleventh and twelfth submarines of the Sōryū class (Ōryū and Tōryū), making it possible for the submarine to travel longer and at higher speeds under water than conventional diesel-electric submarines.

Attack submarine
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants, and merchant vessels. In the Soviet and Russian navies they were and are called "multi-purpose submarines". They are also used to protect friendly surface combatants and missile submarines. Some attack subs are also armed with cruise missiles, increasing the scope of their potential missions to include land targets.

Attack submarines may be either nuclear-powered or diesel–electric ("conventionally") powered. In the U.S. Navy naming system, and in the equivalent NATO system (STANAG 1166), nuclear-powered attack submarines are known as SSNs and their anti-submarine (ASW) diesel–electric predecessors are SSKs. In the U.S. Navy, SSNs are unofficially called "fast attacks".
Sofia Province
42°40′N 23°40′E﻿ / ﻿42.667°N 23.667°E﻿ / 42.667; 23.667

Sofia Province (Bulgarian: Софийска област, romanized: Sofiyska oblast) is a province (oblast) of Bulgaria. The province does not include Sofia in its territories, but Sofia remains the seat of its administration. The province borders on the provinces of Pernik, Kyustendil, Blagoevgrad, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Lovech, Vratsa, Montana, and Sofia City (which is in a separate oblast, see Sofia Administration), and borders with Serbia to the northwest.

Blagoevgrad Province
41°45′N 23°15′E﻿ / ﻿41.750°N 23.250°E﻿ / 41.750; 23.250

Blagoevgrad Province (Bulgarian: област Благоевград, oblast Blagoevgrad or Благоевградска област, Blagoevgradska oblast), also known as Pirin Macedonia or Bulgarian Macedonia (Bulgarian: Пиринска Македония; Българска Македония), (Pirinska Makedoniya or Bulgarska Makedoniya) is a province (oblast) of southwestern Bulgaria. It borders four other Bulgarian provinces to the north and east, the Greek region of Macedonia to the south, and North Macedonia to the west. The province has 14 municipalities with 12 towns. Its principal city is Blagoevgrad, while other significant towns include Bansko, Gotse Delchev, Melnik, Petrich, Razlog, Sandanski, and Simitli.
Scalloway Islands
The Scalloway Islands are in Shetland opposite Scalloway on south west of the Mainland. They form a mini-archipelago and include:

Burra (two islands linked by bridge to each other and Trondra)
East Burra (with Houss Ness)
West Burra (with Kettla Ness)

South Havra
Little Havra
Papa – belongs to Civil parish of Lerwick
West Head of Papa (tidal)

The aforementioned islands were all part of the ancient civil parish of Burra, which was merged with Lerwick in 1891.

They are shown on coloured maps as part of Lerwick.

Hildasay/Hildesay – belongs to Civil parish of Tingwall

Langa – belongs to Civil parish of Tingwall

Linga (not to be confused with numerous Shetland islands of the same name) – belongs to Civil parish of Tingwall

Oxna – belongs to Civil parish of Tingwall

Trondra (linked to Mainland, and Burra by bridge) – belongs to Civil parish of Tingwall

St Ninian's Isle, connected to the Mainland by a tombolo, is not far to the south - belongs to Civil parish of Dunrossness

Papa, Shetland
Papa (Scots: Papa; Old Norse: Papey, meaning "the island of the priests") is an uninhabited island in the Scalloway Islands, Shetland, Scotland.

Papa lies north west of Burra and east of Oxna in the Shetland Islands. The population was 20 in 1871, 14 in 1881 and 23 in 1891. The last residents left between 1891 and 1930. Most habitation was on the eastern end of the island, the peninsula East Head of Papa. A beached loch and a low area divide the island nearly into three separate parts.
Noichi, Kōchi
Noichi (野市町, Noichi-chō) was a town located in Kami District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 17,465 and a density of 762.66 persons per km2. The total area was 22.90 km2.

On March 1, 2006, Noichi, along with the towns of Akaoka, Kagami and Yasu, and the village of Yoshikawa (all from Kami District), was merged to create the city of Kōnan and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Kōnan, Kōchi
Kōnan (香南市, Kōnan-shi) is a city located in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2022, the city had an estimated population of 33,076 in 15350 households and a population density of 49 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 126.46 square kilometres (48.83 sq mi).
Subject (documents)
In library and information science documents (such as books, articles and pictures) are classified and searched by subject – as well as by other attributes such as author, genre and document type. This makes "subject" a fundamental term in this field. Library and information specialists assign subject labels to documents to make them findable. There are many ways to do this and in general there is not always consensus about which subject should be assigned to a given document. To optimize subject indexing and searching, we need to have a deeper understanding of what a subject is. The question: "what is to be understood by the statement 'document A belongs to subject category X'?" has been debated in the field for more than 100 years (see below)

Findability
Findability is the ease with which information contained on a website can be found, both from outside the website (using search engines and the like) and by users already on the website. Although findability has relevance outside the World Wide Web, the term is usually used in that context. Most relevant websites do not come up in the top results because designers and engineers do not cater to the way ranking algorithms work currently. Its importance can be determined from the first law of e-commerce, which states "If the user can't find the product, the user can't buy the product." As of December 2014, out of 10.3 billion monthly Google searches by Internet users in the United States, an estimated 78% are made to research products and services online.

Findability encompasses aspects of information architecture, user interface design, accessibility and search engine optimization, among others.
2021–22 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by first-year head coach Chris Beard and played their home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas as members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 22–12, 10–8 in Big 12 play to finish in fourth place. As the No. 4 seed in the Big 12 tournament, they were defeated in the Quarterfinals by TCU. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 6 seed in the East Region, where they defeated Virginia Tech in the first round before losing to Purdue in the second round.

This was the Longhorns' final season at the Frank Erwin Center, with the new Moody Center opening for the 2022–23 season.

2021–22 TCU Horned Frogs men's basketball team
The 2021–22 TCU Horned Frogs men's basketball team represented Texas Christian University during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by sixth-year head coach Jamie Dixon, and played their home games at Schollmaier Arena in Fort Worth, Texas as a member of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 21–13, 8–10 in Big 12 play to finish in fifth place. As the No. 5 seed in the Big 12 tournament, they defeated Texas in the quarterfinals, before losing to Kansas in the semifinals. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 9 seed in the South Region, where they defeated Seton Hall in the first round before losing to Arizona in the second round in an overtime thriller.

With their win over Seton Hall in the first round, the Horned Frogs won their first NCAA tournament game since 1987.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that can exist in many different body sites. This tumor most often occurs in the salivary glands, but it can also be found in many anatomic sites, including the breast, lacrimal gland, lung, brain, Bartholin gland, trachea, and the paranasal sinuses.

It is the third-most common malignant salivary gland tumor overall (after mucoepidermoid carcinoma and polymorphous adenocarcinoma). It represents 28% of malignant submandibular gland tumors, making it the single most common malignant salivary gland tumor in this region.  Patients may survive for years with metastases because this tumor is generally well-differentiated and slow growing. In a 1999 study of a cohort of 160 ACC patients, disease-specific survival was 89% at 5 years, but only 40% at 15 years, reflecting deaths from late-occurring metastatic disease.

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a rare, asymptomatic, slow-growing malignant salivary gland tumor. It is most commonly found in the palate.

The name of the tumor derives from the fact that:

It has a varied microscopic architectural appearance, i.e. it is polymorphous.

It is non-aggressive when compared to other oral cavity tumors, i.e. it is a low-grade tumor.

It forms glands, i.e. it is an adenocarcinoma.

It affects the minor salivary glands in the area between the hard and the soft palate. Male to female ratio is 3:1, and the average age is 56 years.
Frascati
Frascati (pronounced [fraˈskaːti]) is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum.  Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories.

Frascati produces the white wine with the same name. It is also a  historical and artistic centre.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Frascati
The Diocese of Frascati (Lat.: Tusculana) is a Latin suburbicarian see of the Diocese of Rome and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy, based at Frascati, near Rome. The bishop of Frascati is a Cardinal Bishop; from the Latin name of the area, the bishop has also been called Bishop of Tusculum. Tusculum was destroyed in 1191. The bishopric moved from Tusculum to Frascati, a nearby town which is first mentioned in the pontificate of Pope Leo IV. Until 1962, the Cardinal-Bishop was concurrently the diocesan bishop of the see. Pope John XXIII removed the Cardinal Bishops from any actual responsibility in their suburbicarian dioceses and made the title purely honorific.
Nemesis (draughts player)
Nemesis is an English draughts program by Murray Cash. Today Nemesis is no longer commercially available; development stopped years ago.

Nemesis was the strongest program in 2002, when it won the British computer championship against Wyllie, a 16-game match ending +5 =11 in favor of Nemesis and the Computer Checkers World Championship played out in Las Vegas.

The World Championship was a tournament featuring Nemesis, Cake and KingsRow. Each program played each of the others 24 times. The final scores were:

Nemesis 24.5 points (+1 =47 -0, 1 win against Cake)

KingsRow 24 points (+1 =46 -1, 1 win and 1 loss against Cake)

Cake 23.5 Points (+1 =45 -2, 1 win against KingsRow, 1 loss each against Nemesis and Kingsrow)

Nemesis used its own 8-piece endgame tablebase.

KingsRow
KingsRow is a strong checkers and draughts engine. It was released by Ed Gilbert in 2000.

The checkers engine can be used with the CheckerBoard GUI. It is only available as a DLL on Windows since CheckerBoard is a windows-only program. The engine is available as freeware.

The engine uses neural networks, opening books, and endgame databases.
2022 Cambodian League 2
The 2022 Cambodian League 2 is the 5th season of the Cambodian League 2, second-tier football league for association football clubs in Cambodia. A total of 12 football clubs are competing in the league. Electricite du Cambodge are the champion of the 2022 season; however, they are not met the requirement of national club licensing criteria alongside the third place National Police and the fourth place Koh Kong. Thus, they're ineligible for promotion. That leaves the runners up ISI Dangkor Senchey and the fifth place Prey Veng to be promoted for Cambodian Premier League next season.

Cambodian Premier League
The Cambodian Premier League (Khmer: លីគកំពូលកម្ពុជា, Lik Kampul Kampuchea [lik kɑmˈpuːl ˌkampuˈciə]) is a top association football division in Cambodia and administered by the Cambodian Football League Company (CFLC). Contested by 11 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Cambodian League 2.
Surface subgroup conjecture
In mathematics, the surface subgroup conjecture of Friedhelm Waldhausen states that the fundamental group of every closed, irreducible 3-manifold with infinite fundamental group has a surface subgroup.  By "surface subgroup" we mean the fundamental group of a closed surface not the 2-sphere. This problem is listed as Problem 3.75 in Robion Kirby's problem list.

Assuming the geometrization conjecture, the only open case was that of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds.  A proof of this case was announced in the summer of 2009 by Jeremy Kahn and Vladimir Markovic and outlined in a talk August 4, 2009 at the FRG (Focused Research Group) Conference hosted by the University of Utah. A preprint appeared in the arxiv.org server in October 2009. Their paper was published in the Annals of Mathematics in 2012.  In June 2012, Kahn and Markovic were given the Clay Research Awards by the Clay Mathematics Institute at a ceremony in Oxford.

3-manifold
In mathematics, a 3-manifold is a topological space that locally looks like a three-dimensional Euclidean space. A 3-manifold can be thought of as a possible shape of the universe. Just as a sphere looks like a plane (a tangent plane) to a small and close enough observer, all 3-manifolds look like our universe to a small enough observer. This is made more precise in the definition below.
Deputy Premier of Manitoba
The deputy premier of Manitoba is a Cabinet minister in the province of Manitoba, Canada. The position has existed for several years, but only appears to have become a full-fledged Cabinet portfolio in 1988. Between 2009 and 2011, the position was held by both Eric Robinson and Rosann Wowchuk; from 2015 to 2016, it was held by both Eric Robinson and Kerri Irvin-Ross. The current deputy premier is Uzoma Asagwara under Premier Wab Kinew.

The minister fulfills the responsibilities of the premier of Manitoba, at times when the premier is absent. The deputy premier is a key part of succession plans for the premier of Manitoba. If the premier dies, the deputy premier replaces them.

Premier of Manitoba
The premier of Manitoba (French: premier ministre du Manitoba) is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of Manitoba—as well as the de facto President of the province's Executive Council.

In formal terms, the premier receives a commission to form a government from the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, who represents the monarch at the provincial level.

The 25th and current premier of Manitoba is Wab Kinew, who was sworn in on October 18, 2023.
Islam Murtazaev
Islam Murtazaev (Russian: Ислам Муртазаев; born April 13, 1991) is a Russian kickboxer and mixed martial artist. As of March 2023, he is ranked as the fourth best middleweight in the world by Beyond Kickboxing.

Sher Mamazulunov
Sher Mamazulunov (born May 17, 1995) is an Uzbek kickboxer, currently competing in the middleweight division of Fair Fight.

He is ranked as the fourth best middleweight in the world by Combat Press as of September 2022, and fourth best by Beyond Kickboxing as of October 2022.
Howie Carr
Howard Louis Carr Jr. (born January 17, 1952) is an American conservative radio talk-show host, political author, news reporter and award-winning writer.

He hosts The Howie Carr Show originating from his studios in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and broadcast on weekdays on WRKO in Boston as well as to an audience based in New England, in addition to writing three columns a week for the Boston Herald.

Acton, Massachusetts
Acton is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, approximately 21 miles (34 km) west-northwest of Boston along Massachusetts Route 2 west of Concord and about ten miles (16 km) southwest of Lowell. The population was 24,021 in April 2020, according to the United States Census Bureau. It is bordered by Westford and Littleton to the north, Concord and Carlisle to the east, Stow, Maynard, and Sudbury to the south and Boxborough to the west. Acton became an incorporated town in 1735. The town employs the Open Town Meeting form of government with a town manager and an elected, five-member select board.

Acton was named the 11th Best Place To Live among small towns in the country by Money Magazine in 2015, and the 16th best in 2009 and in 2011. The local high school, Acton-Boxborough Regional High School, was named a Blue Ribbon School by the U.S. Department of Education in 2009.
Jokbal
Jokbal (Korean: 족발) is a Korean dish consisting of pig's trotters cooked with soy sauce and spices. It is usually braised in a combination of soy sauce, ginger, garlic, and rice wine. Additional ingredients used can include onion, leeks, garlic, cinnamon, and black pepper.

Pig's trotter
A pig's trotter (a.k.a. pettitoe or simply pig's foot) is the culinary term for the artiodactyl hoof of a pig. Typically an offcut of pork, pig's trotters feature in various dishes around the world, and experienced a resurgence in the late 2000s.
J. T. Edson
John Thomas Edson (17 February 1928 – 17 July 2014) was an English author of 137 Westerns, escapism adventure, and police-procedural novels. He lived near Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, from the 1950s onwards, and retired from writing due to ill-health in 2005.

Bunduki
Bunduki is a 1975 novel byEnglish writer  J. T. Edson, the first work in the Bunduki series that followed. The series involves characters related to Tarzan and was initially authorized by the estate of Edgar Rice Burroughs. In the opening of the novel the main protagonists are transported from Earth to Zillikian (see below).
Early editions of the Hebrew Bible
Jewish printers were quick to take advantages of the printing press in publishing the Hebrew Bible. While for synagogue services written scrolls were used (and still are used, as Sifrei Torah are always handwritten), the printing press was very soon called into service to provide copies of the Hebrew Bible for private use. All the editions published before the Complutensian Polyglot were edited by Jews; but afterwards, and because of the increased interest excited in the Bible by the Reformation, the work was taken up by Christian scholars and printers; and the editions published by Jews after this time were largely influenced by these Christian publications. It is not possible in the present article to enumerate all the editions, whole or partial, of the Hebrew text. This account is devoted mainly to the incunabula (many of which were used as manuscripts by Kennicott in gathering his variants).

Polyglot (book)
A polyglot is a book that contains side-by-side versions of the same text in several different languages. Some editions of the Bible or its parts are polyglots, in which the Hebrew and Greek originals are exhibited along with historical translations. Polyglots are useful for studying the history of the text and its interpretation.
Camden High School (Camden, South Carolina)
Camden High School is located in Camden, South Carolina, and is one of three high schools in the Kershaw County School District. It is the second largest high school. The school has approximately 980 students. It is home of the Camden Bulldogs.

In 2004, the district started its iCan laptop program. Since then, every incoming freshmen has received a computing device to be used for their next four years at the school.

Camden, South Carolina
Camden is the largest city in and the county seat of Kershaw County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 7,788 in the 2020 census, and the 2022 population estimate is 8,213. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Camden is the oldest inland city in South Carolina, and home to the Carolina Cup and the National Steeplechase Museum.
Hermann Stadium
Robert R. Hermann Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium located in Midtown St. Louis, Missouri, on the campus of Saint Louis University. The first game played was August 21, 1999. This is where both the Billiken men's and women's soccer teams play.

Also, several other events take place here, such as pep rallies and the University's Relay For Life. The seating capacity of the stadium is 6,050. The stadium is named after Bob Hermann.

The Billikens play on a regulation 120x75-yard pitch.

The Billiken men's team christened Hermann Stadium by knocking off defending national champion and preseason No. 1 Indiana 3–2 in an exhibition game on Aug. 21, 1999, before a record on-campus crowd of 6,517.

Saint Louis Billikens women's soccer
Saint Louis Billikens women's soccer team is the women's soccer team that represents Saint Louis University. The team was formed in 1996 and plays its home matches at Hermann Stadium in Midtown, St. Louis, Missouri.

Katie Shields is the current coach, the third in the program's history. The Billikens have made four appearances in the NCAA tournament.