hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Foster Garland
William Foster Garland (July 1, 1875 – March 19, 1941) was an Ontario merchant and political figure. He represented Carleton in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1912 to 1917 and from 1921 to 1935.

He was born in Bells Corners, Ontario in 1875, the son of Absalom Garland. He studied at the Ontario College of Pharmacy and became a druggist. In 1902, he married Margaret Green. Garland served on Ottawa City Council in 1912, representing Victoria Ward. He was first elected to the House of Commons in a 1912 by-election held after the death of Edward Kidd. Garland owned a drug store and lived in the Hintonburg neighbourhood of Ottawa.

Ottawa City Council
Ottawa City Council (French: Conseil municipal d'Ottawa) is the governing body of the City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is composed of 24 city councillors and the mayor. The mayor is elected at large, while each councillor represents wards throughout the city. Council members are elected to four-year terms, with the last election being on October 24, 2022. The council meets at Ottawa City Hall in downtown Ottawa. Much of the council's work is done in the standing committees made up of sub-groups of councillors. The decisions made in these committees are presented to the full council and voted upon.
William I, Duke of Bavaria
William I, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (Frankfurt am Main, 12 May 1330 – 15 April 1389, Le Quesnoy), was the second son of Emperor Louis IV and Margaret II of Hainaut. He was also known as William V, Count of Holland, as William III, Count of Hainaut and as William IV Count of Zeeland.

Le Quesnoy
Le Quesnoy (French pronunciation: [lə kenwa]; Picard: L' Kénoé) is a commune and small town in the east of the Nord department of northern France. It was part of the historical province of French Hainaut.  It is known for its fortifications, dating from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. It had a significant shoemaking industry before the late 1940s, followed by a chemical factory and dairy, giving way to its weekly market, tourism, local commuting to elsewhere such as Valenciennes and local shops.

Le Quesnoy's inhabitants are known as Quercitains.
Robert B. Kamm
Robert B. Kamm (January 22, 1919 – October 10, 2008) served as the 13th president of Oklahoma State University from July 1, 1966 to January 31, 1977. He was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for the United States Senate in 1978, losing to Democratic nominee and then-Governor David Boren.

David Boren
David Lyle Boren (April 21, 1941 – February 20, 2025) was an American lawyer and politician from Oklahoma. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 21st governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979 and three terms in the United States Senate from 1979 to 1994. A conservative Democrat, to date, he is the last in his party to have served as U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. He was the 13th and second-longest serving president of the University of Oklahoma from 1994 to 2018. He was the longest serving chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. On September 20, 2017, Boren officially announced his retirement as president of the University of Oklahoma, effective June 30, 2018.
David Vlugh
David Vlugh (c. 1611 – June 7, 1673) was a Dutch States Navy rear admiral.  He took part in the 1667 Raid on the Medway during the Second Anglo-Dutch War.  He was killed by the British in the June 7, 1673 Battle of Schooneveld during the Franco-Dutch War.

Battle of Schooneveld
The Battles of Schooneveld were two naval battles of the Franco-Dutch War, fought off the coast of the Netherlands on 7 June and 14 June 1673 (New Style; 28 May and 4 June in the Julian calendar then in use in England) between an allied Anglo-French fleet commanded by Prince Rupert of the Rhine on his flagship the Royal Charles, and the fleet of the United Provinces, commanded by Michiel de Ruyter.

The Dutch victories in the two battles, and at the Battle of the Texel that followed in August, saved their country from an Anglo-French invasion.
District No. 34 School
District No. 34 School is a former school building in Denmark Township, Minnesota, United States.  It was built around 1852 and remained in active use until 1946.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014 for its local significance in the theme of education.  It was nominated for being a representative example of the rural one-room schoolhouses of the mid-19th-century.

Denmark Township, Washington County, Minnesota
Denmark Township is a township in Washington County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,801 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated community of Basswood Grove is located within Denmark Township.

Denmark Township was organized in 1858.
Gartheiniog quarry
Gartheiniog quarry was a slate quarry served by the Hendre Ddu Tramway. It is located about a mile west of Aberangell in Merioneth (now Gwynedd), North Wales near the confluence of the Nant Maesygamfa and the Afon Angell. It worked the Narrow Vein, the highest-quality slate vein in the Abercorris Group.

Narrow Vein Mudstone Formation
The Narrow Vein Mudstone Formation (commonly known as the Narrow Vein) is an Ordovician lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in Mid Wales. The rock of the formation is silty, homogeneous or finely-laminated mudstone. It generally a medium blue colour. This formation has been commercially quarried as slate in several locations along its length. The formation is between 400 metres (1,300 ft) and 560 metres (1,840 ft) thick and runs from Dinas Mawddwy south-west to Cardigan Bay at Tywyn.
Pontifical Academy of Sciences
The Pontifical Academy of Sciences (Italian: Pontificia accademia delle scienze, Latin: Pontificia Academia Scientiarum) is a scientific academy of the Vatican City, established in 1936 by Pope Pius XI. Its aim is to promote the progress of the mathematical, physical, and natural sciences and the study of related epistemological problems. The Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ("Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes") was founded in 1847 as a more closely supervised successor to the Accademia dei Lincei ("Academy of Lynxes") established in Rome in 1603 by the learned Roman Prince, Federico Cesi (1585–1630), who was a young botanist and naturalist, and which claimed Galileo Galilei as its president. The Accademia dei Lincei survives as a wholly separate institution.

The Academy of Sciences, one of the Pontifical academies at the Vatican in Rome, is headquartered in the Casina Pio IV in the heart of the Vatican Gardens.

Federico Cesi
Federico Angelo Cesi (Italian: [fedeˈriːko ˈandʒelo ˈtʃɛːzi]; 26 February 1585 – 1 August 1630) was an Italian scientist, naturalist, and founder of the Accademia dei Lincei. On his father's death in 1630, he became briefly lord of Acquasparta.
Denkanikottai
Denkanikottai  also known as Thenkanikottai  is a Panchayat Town in Krishnagiri district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the headquarters of Denkanikottai Taluk. Its altitude 879 m (2,884 ft) elevation above the sea level. It is a multicultural town with a mix of linguistic groups. Tamil is the official and spoken language. There are a significant number of  Kannada, Urdu and Telugu and speakers in the town as it is very near to Karnataka State bordering it. The place is named after the legend of Betrayaswamy Temple located in the centre of the town.

Krishnagiri district
Krishnagiri district is one of the 38 districts (a district in the northwestern part) of the state of Tamil Nadu, in India. This district was carved out from Dharmapuri District in 2004. The municipal town of Krishnagiri is the district headquarters. In Tamil Nadu, e-Governance was first introduced at Krishnagiri district under the National e-Governance Project (NEGP) in revenue and social welfare departments on a pilot basis. The district is one of the largest producers of mangoes in India. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,879,809 with a sex-ratio of 958 females for every 1,000 males. Hosur is the most populous city in the district.
Romance Tropical
Romance Tropical is a 1934 Puerto Rican film photographed, directed and produced by Puerto Rican film pioneer, Juan Emilio Viguié. Romance Tropical was first-ever Puerto Rican film with sound and the second feature length Spanish-language film with sound in the world.

Juan Emilio Viguié
Juan Emilio Viguié Cajas (July 11, 1891 – September 1966), was a movie and documentary producer. A pioneer in Puerto Rico's film industry, he was the first Puerto Rican to produce commercially successful films in the island. In 1934, he produced and directed Romance Tropical, the first Puerto Rican film with sound.

Viguié produced films for Pathé, Fox Film Corporation, Movietone, and MGM. He also produced many documentaries for the Puerto Rican and U.S. governments, and private industries. His directing career and involvement with the industry continued until the 1950s.
Bekhterev–Jacobsohn reflex
The Bekhterev–Jacobsohn reflex, or Jacobsohn's finger flexion sign, is a clinical sign found in patients with pyramidal tract lesions of the upper limb. In this condition, stroking the dorsum of the forearm, in the area of the distal radius, with the arm supine causes abduction of the hand and flexion of the fingers.

It is analogous to the Bekhterev–Mendel reflex in the lower limb.

The reflex is named after Vladimir Bekhterev and Louis Jacobsohn-Lask.

Vladimir Bekhterev
Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev (Russian: Влади́мир Миха́йлович Бе́хтерев, IPA: [ˈbʲextʲɪrʲɪf]; 20 January 1857 – 24 December 1927) was a Russian neurologist and the father of objective psychology. He is best known for noting the role of the hippocampus in memory, his study of reflexes, and Bekhterev's disease. Moreover, he is known for his competition with Ivan Pavlov regarding the study of conditioned reflexes.

The sudden circumstances of his death has led to rumours that he died on the orders of Joseph Stalin. This is because Bekhterev performed a medical diagnosis of Stalin shortly before his death which was considered to be politically damaging to the position of the Soviet dictator. This remains disputed among scholars due to the lack of direct evidence.
Fully differential amplifier
A fully differential amplifier (FDA) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential inputs and differential outputs. In its ordinary usage, the output of the FDA is controlled by two feedback paths which, because of the amplifier's high gain, almost completely determine the output voltage for any given input.

In a fully differential amplifier, common-mode noise such as power supply disturbances is rejected; this makes FDAs especially useful as part of a mixed-signal integrated circuit.

An FDA is often used to convert an analog signal into a form more suitable for driving into an analog-to-digital converter; many modern high-precision ADCs have differential inputs.

Mixed-signal integrated circuit
A mixed-signal integrated circuit is any integrated circuit that has both analog circuits and digital circuits on a single semiconductor die. Their usage has grown dramatically with the increased use of cell phones, telecommunications, portable electronics, and automobiles with electronics and digital sensors.
Freelan Oscar Stanley
Freelan Oscar Stanley (June 1, 1849 – October 2, 1940) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, hotelier, and architect. He made his fortune in the manufacture of photographic plates but is best remembered as the co-founder, with his brother Francis Edgar Stanley,  of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company which built steam-powered automobiles until 1920. He also built and operated the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado.

Locomobile Company of America
The Locomobile Company of America was a pioneering American automobile manufacturer founded in 1899, known for its dedication to precision before the assembly-line era. It was one of the earliest car manufacturers in the advent of the automobile age. For the first two years after its founding, the company was located in Watertown, Massachusetts. Production was transferred to Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1900, where it remained until the company's demise in 1929. The company manufactured affordable, small steam cars until 1903, when production switched entirely to internal combustion-powered luxury automobiles. Locomobile was taken over in 1922 by Durant Motors and eventually went out of business in 1929. All cars produced by the original company were always sold under the brand name Locomobile.
Sampath Raj
Sampath Raj (born 25 December 1968) is an Indian actor who works predominantly in Tamil and Telugu films, in addition to Kannada and Malayalam films.

He is best known for his appearances in director Venkat Prabhu's trilogy, which includes Chennai 600028, Saroja, and Goa. In addition to these films, he has played supporting roles in various other projects, often portraying negative characters. He won the Nandi Award for Best Villain for his performance in Mirchi (2013). After a sabbatical, he returned to Kannada cinema with Shourya (2010).

Saroja (2008 film)
Saroja (stylised as Sa-Ro-Ja) is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language comedy thriller film written and directed by Venkat Prabhu and produced by T. Siva and Haresh Vikram Vijayakumar. It stars Jayaram, Prakash Raj, Shiva, Vaibhav, Premji, S. P. Charan and Vega as the title character, while Sampath Raj, Nikita and Bose Venkat play other vital roles. The film follows four friends who travel from Chennai to Hyderabad. Due to a road accident, they are forced to take a diversion off the main road to arrive on time. This leads them to a gang which has kidnapped the daughter of a millionaire.

The score and soundtrack were composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja with cinematography by Sakthi Saravanan, and editing by Praveen K. L. and N. B. Srikanth. The film was released on 5 September 2008 to positive reviews and was a commercial success. It was dubbed and partially reshot in Telugu with Srihari reprising Jayaram's role. This film was based on the 1993 Stephen Hopkins film Judgement Night.
Carr's
Carr's is a British biscuit and cracker manufacturer, currently owned by Pladis Global through its subsidiary United Biscuits. The company was founded in 1831 by Jonathan Dodgson Carr and is marketed in the United States by Kellogg's.

Biscuit
A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. Savoury biscuits are called crackers.

Types of biscuit include biscotti, sandwich biscuits (such as custard creams), digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, Anzac biscuits, and speculaas.

The term "biscuit" is used in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and parts of Canada, sweet biscuits are nearly always called "cookies" and savoury biscuits are called "crackers".
Charlayne Woodard
Charlaine "Charlayne" Woodard (born December 29, 1953) is an American playwright and actress. She is a two-time Obie Award winner as well as a Tony Award and Drama Desk nominee. She was a series regular on the hit FX TV series Pose. She played the title role in the Showtime movie Run For The Dream: The Gail Devers’ Story. Starring as Cindy in the ABC Movie of the Week, Woodard was the first black Cinderella portrayed on TV or film. She is in Marvel Studios' miniseries Secret Invasion as Priscilla Fury, which premiered on June 21, 2023.

Cindy (film)
Cindy is a 1978 American musical television movie, shot on videotape and first broadcast on the ABC television network, with an entirely African-American cast. Directed by William A. Graham, the film is an urbanized retelling of Cinderella.
Denis Eduardovich Samokhin
Denis Eduardovich Samokhin (Russian: Денис Эдуардович Самохин; born May 1, 1977, Moscow) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer, a highest-category coach, and an international-level judge. He holds the title of Master of Sport of Russia, International Class.

Elizaveta Khudaiberdieva
Elizaveta Khasanzhonovna Khudaiberdieva (Russian: Елизавета Хасанжоновна Худайбердиева, born 2 October 2002) is a retired Russian ice dancer. With her current skating partner, Egor Bazin, she is the 2023 Russian champion, 2022 Russian national bronze medalist.

With her former skating partner, Nikita Nazarov, she is the 2019 World Junior silver medalist and the 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist. She also won four gold medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series, two with Nazarov and two with Andrei Filatov.
Many Tanks Mr. Atkins
Many Tanks Mr. Atkins is a 1938 British comedy war film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Claude Hulbert, Reginald Purdell and Barbara Greene.

It was made as a quota quickie by Warner Brothers at the company's Teddington Studios in London.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Peter Proud.

Peter Proud
Peter Proud (born Ralph Priestman Proud, 6 May 1913, Glasgow – 1989, London) was a British film art director. He made a major contribution to wartime camouflage and deception operations in the Western Desert, especially in the siege of Tobruk.
Catchy Song
"Catchy Song" is a song by American DJ and producer Dillon Francis, featuring guest vocals from rappers T-Pain and That Girl Lay Lay. The song became the main theme to the 2019 Warner Bros. Pictures film The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part, as it is written by Jon Lajoie, and produced by Francis.

The song is notable for its repeated lyric, "This song's gonna get stuck inside your... (×3) ...head!" As the name implies, it is infectiously catchy, an idea joked about in the movie.

Alaya High
Alaya High (born January 28, 2007), known professionally as That Girl Lay Lay, is an American rapper, singer and actress who began her career at the age of 6 on YouTube and is best known for starring in the Nickelodeon sitcom That Girl Lay Lay (2021–2024). At the age of 11, she became the youngest female African American rapper to have a record deal with Empire Distribution, with her debut single "Go, Lay Lay, Go" and debut album Tha Cheat Code (2018). She has also worked on a series of books with Scholastic publishing.

She also once made an appearance, alongside B. Simone, on Wild 'n Out.
MS Princess Seaways
MS Princess Seaways is a cruiseferry operated and owned by the Danish shipping company DFDS Seaways on a route connecting North Shields, England, to IJmuiden in the Netherlands. She was built in 1986 as Peter Pan by Seebeckwerft, Bremerhaven, Germany for TT-Line. Between 1993 and 2002, the ship was operated by Spirit of Tasmania of Australia under the name Spirit of Tasmania across Bass Strait. In 2002, the ship was sold to Fjord Line and renamed Fjord Norway for service from Denmark. In 2006, she was sold to DFDS Seaways and sailed as Princess of Norway before being given her current name in 2011.

TT-Line
TT-Line GmbH is a shipping company based in Lübeck, Germany, which has been providing ferry service between Travemünde in Schleswig-Holstein and Trelleborg in southern Sweden since 1962. Since 1992, it has also operated a service from Rostock to Trelleborg (until 1997 marketed as TR-Line) and from Swinoujscie in Poland. As of 2023, TT-Line owns nine ferries.

In 1978, TT-Line acquired 50% of Olau Line and purchased the rest of the company in 1979. TT-Line remained the sole owner of Olau Line until the line's closure in 1994. The company is ultimately owned by the German business profiles Bernard Termühlen and Arend Oetker through the holding company Trampschiffahrt GmbH & Co. KG.
Stutton, North Yorkshire
Stutton is a small village in the county of North Yorkshire, England, a mile south-west of Tadcaster.

It lies in the valley of the Cock Beck which discharges into the River Wharfe one mile to the east of the village.

It was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Selby, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

It is in the parliamentary constituency of Wetherby and Easingwold, the civil parish of Stutton with Hazlewood and ecclesiastical parish of Tadcaster.

Selby District
Selby District was a local government district of North Yorkshire, England, from 1974 to 2023. Its council was based in the town of Selby. The district had a population of 83,449 at the 2011 Census. The southernmost district of North Yorkshire, it bordered the City of York unitary authority, the Borough of Harrogate in North Yorkshire, the City of Leeds and City of Wakefield districts in West Yorkshire, the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, and the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire.
Carl Vaugoin
Carl Vaugoin (8 July 1873 – 10 June 1949) was an Austrian politician who served as the eleventh Chancellor of Austria from 30 September to 4 December 1930. As a member of the Christian Social Party, Vaugoin also served as Defense Minister in 15 Austrian cabinets from 1921 to 1933, as well as Vice Chancellor of Austria from 1929 to 1930.

Christian Social Party (Austria)
The Christian Social Party (German: Christlichsoziale Partei, CS or CSP) was a major conservative political party in the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria-Hungary and under the First Austrian Republic, from 1891 to 1934. The party was affiliated with Austrian nationalism that sought to keep Catholic Austria out of the State of Germany founded in 1871, which it viewed as Protestant and Prussian-dominated; it identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians.
Noreen Kershaw
Noreen Kershaw (born 16 October 1950) is an English television actress and director.

She trained at the Manchester Polytechnic School of Theatre and Liverpool's Everyman Theatre, originated the title role of the play Shirley Valentine,  later made famous by Pauline Collins. She was seen in the BBC television series Life on Mars, as WPC Phyllis Dobbs, the desk officer.

She had previously played the roles of Kathy Roach in Channel 4's Brookside 1988–1990, Lynne Harrison in Granada Television's Albion Market 1985–1986, and Joyce Wilson in the long-running Granada TV sitcom, Watching.

She has directed episodes of the top-rated ITV1 soap opera, Coronation Street, and Channel 4's comedy drama, Shameless, ITV1 soap opera Emmerdale and Heartbeat, and BBC Scotland"s River City.

In 2008, she directed the feature film Act of Grace.

In 2022, she was a director of the ITV police procedural drama Ridley.

Watching (TV series)
Watching is a British television sitcom, produced by Granada Television for the ITV network and broadcast for seven series and four Christmas specials between 1987 and 1993.

The series was written by Jim Hitchmough and starred Paul Bown and Emma Wray as mismatched couple Malcolm Stoneway and Brenda Wilson.
San Luca
San Luca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in Italy, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Reggio Calabria. The town is situated on the eastern slopes of the Aspromonte mountains and in the valley of the Bonamico river. The village has long been known as a stronghold of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type criminal organisation based in Calabria, with an ongoing clan based power struggle dubbed the San Luca feud.

The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Polsi is located 10 kilometres (6 mi) from San Luca. It has long been the 'Ndrangheta's meeting place.

Corrado Alvaro
Corrado Alvaro (15 April 1895 – 11 June 1956) was an Italian journalist and writer of novels, short stories, screenplays and plays. He often used the verismo style to describe the hopeless poverty in his native Calabria. His first success was Gente in Aspromonte (Revolt in Aspromonte), which examined the exploitation of rural peasants by greedy landowners in Calabria, and is considered by many critics to be his masterpiece.