hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
The Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA) is a research institute located in Garching, just north of Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It is one of many scientific research institutes belonging to the Max Planck Society.

The MPA is widely considered to be one of the leading institutions in the world for theoretical astrophysics research. According to Thomson Reuters, from 1999-2009 the Max Planck Society as a whole published more papers and accumulated more citations in the fields of physics and space science than any other research organization in the world.

Garching
Garching bei München (German: [ˈɡaʁçɪŋ baɪ ˈmʏnçn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'Garching near Munich') or Garching is a town in Bavaria, near Munich. It is the home of several research institutes and university departments, located at Campus Garching.
Benthesikyme
In Greek mythology, Benthesikyme or Benthesicyme (/bɛnθəˈsɪsɪmiː/; Ancient Greek: Βενθεσικύμη, romanized: Benthesikýmē) was, according to the mythographer Apollodorus, a daughter of Poseidon and Amphitrite, and the foster mother of Eumolpus. After Chione slept with Poseidon, she gave birth to Eumolpus, but, to avoid the detection of her father, she threw the infant into the sea. Poseidon rescued the child, and gave it to Benthesikyme to raise. Once Eumolpus had grown up, the husband of Benthesikyme gave to him one of their own two daughters; he was later expelled for attempting to violate the sister of wife.

Eumolpus
In Greek Mythology, Eumolpus (/juˈmɒlpəs/; Ancient Greek: Εὔμολπος Eúmolpos, "good singer" or "sweet singing", derived from εὖ eu "good" and μολπή molpe "song", "singing") was a legendary king of Thrace. He was described as having come to Attica either as a bard, a warrior, or a priest of Demeter and Dionysus.
T J Byrnes Monument
T J Byrnes Monument is a heritage-listed memorial at Palmerin Street, Warwick, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It commemorates Thomas Joseph Byrnes, the short-lived Premier of Queensland who died in office in 1898. It was designed by Andrews Bros (Sydney) and built from 1901 to 1902 by Andrew Brothers (Sydney). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 January 1999.

Warwick, Queensland
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a rural town and locality in southeast Queensland, Australia, lying 130 kilometres (81 mi) south-west of Brisbane. It is the administrative centre of the Southern Downs Region local government area. The surrounding Darling Downs have fostered a strong agricultural industry for which Warwick, together with the larger city of Toowoomba, serve as convenient service centres. In the 2021 census, the locality of Warwick had a population of 12,294 people.
Shepshed Dynamo F.C.
Shepshed Dynamo Football Club is an English football club based in the small town of Shepshed in the north west of Leicestershire, England. Founded as  Shepshed Albion towards the end of the 19th century, the team played for the majority of their early history in the Leicestershire Senior League before a series of league wins and promotions the late 1970s and early 1980s, when they were known as  Shepshed Charterhouse, took them within two promotions of The Football League. The club encountered financial difficulties in 1994 and reformed under the new name in recognition of the help provided by local side Loughborough Dynamo.  They currently play in the Northern Premier League Division One Midlands.

Shepshed
Shepshed (often known until 1888 as Sheepshed, also Sheepshead – a name derived from the village being heavily involved in the wool industry) is a market town and civil parish in the Charnwood Borough of Leicestershire, England with a population of 14,875 at the 2021 census. It is the second largest settlement in the borough, after Loughborough
Archer Avenue
Archer Avenue, sometimes known as Archer Road outside the Chicago, Illinois city limits, and also known as State Street only in Lockport, Illinois and Fairmont, Illinois city limits, is a street running northeast-to-southwest between Chicago's Chinatown and Lockport. Archer follows the original trail crossing the Chicago Portage between the Chicago River and the Des Plaines River, and parallels the path of the Illinois and Michigan Canal and the Joliet Subdivision of the Alton Railroad. As a main traffic artery, it has largely been replaced by the modern Stevenson Expressway.

The street was named after the first commissioner of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, William Beatty Archer. One early map of Chicago (ca. 1830) listed what may have been the future Archer Road as "The Road to Widow Brown's".

Bridgeport, Chicago
Bridgeport is one of the 77 community areas in Chicago, on the city's South Side, bounded on the north by the South Branch of the Chicago River, on the west by Ashland Avenue, on the south by Pershing Road, on the east by the Union Pacific Railroad tracks, and on the northeast by the Dan Ryan Expressway. Neighboring communities are Pilsen across the river to the north, McKinley Park to the west, Canaryville to the south, and Armour Square to the east. Bridgeport has been the home of five Chicago mayors. Once known for its racial intolerance, Bridgeport today ranks as one of the city's most diverse neighborhoods.
110th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
The 110th Street station is a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located in East Harlem at the intersection of 110th Street and Lexington Avenue, it is served by the 6 train at all times, the <6> train during weekdays in the peak direction, and the 4 train during late nights.

This station was constructed as part of the Dual Contracts by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and opened in 1918. It was renovated from 2002 to 2004, and further renovations are planned to add elevators, making the station compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

110th Street (Manhattan)
110th Street is a street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is also known as Central Park North. In the west, between Central Park West/Frederick Douglass Boulevard and Riverside Drive, it is also known as Cathedral Parkway.
Italian school of criminology
The Italian school of criminology was founded at the end of the 19th century by Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) and two of his Italian disciples, Enrico Ferri (1856–1929) and Raffaele Garofalo (1851–1934).

Enrico Ferri (criminologist)
Enrico Ferri (Italian pronunciation: [enˈriːko ˈfɛrri]; 25 February 1856 – 12 April 1929) was an Italian criminologist, socialist and student of Cesare Lombroso, the founder of the Italian school of criminology. While Lombroso researched the purported physiological factors that motivated criminals, Ferri investigated social and economic aspects. He served as editor of the socialist daily Avanti! and, in 1884, saw his book Criminal Sociology published. Later, his work served as the basis for Argentina’s penal code of 1921. Although at first he rejected the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, Ferri later became one of Mussolini and his National Fascist Party's main external supporters.
Fox Chase Cancer Center
Fox Chase Cancer Center is a National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center research facility and hospital located in the Fox Chase section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The main facilities of the center are located on property adjoining Burholme Park. The center is part of the Temple University Health System (TUHS) and specializes in the treatment and prevention of cancer.

Fox Chase, Philadelphia
Fox Chase is a neighborhood in the Northeast section of Philadelphia, located approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Center City. Although its borders are not officially defined, the neighborhood is generally bounded by Pennypack Park to the north, Algon Avenue to the east, Cottman Avenue to the south, and Fillmore Street to the west. Adjacent neighborhoods include Bustleton, Rhawnhurst, Burholme, and Rockledge (a borough in Montgomery County). Fox Chase uses the 19111 zip code.
Xiangyang Township, Liaoning
Xiangyang Township (simplified Chinese: 向阳乡; traditional Chinese: 向陽鄉; pinyin: Xiàngyáng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning, China. As of 2018, it has 6 villages under its administration.

Huanren Manchu Autonomous County
Huanren Manchu Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 桓仁满族自治县; traditional Chinese: 桓仁滿族自治縣; pinyin: Huánrén Mǎnzú Zìzhì Xìan, Manchu: ᡥᡠᠸᠠᠨᡵᡝᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᠰᡳᠶᠠᠨ; Möllendorff: huwanren manju beye dasangga siyan), formerly Huairen County (Chinese: 懷仁縣), is a county under the administration of Benxi City, in eastern Liaoning province, China, bordering Jilin to the east. It is also one of 11 Manchu autonomous counties and one of 117 autonomous counties nationally. As a county, Huanren was established in 1877. It was reorganised as an autonomous county in 1989 with approval of the State Council. The county covers 3,362 square kilometres (1,298 sq mi) and has 293,505 population (2000 census), and Huanren Town is its seat.
Pollokshaws
Pollokshaws (Scots: Powkshaws) is an area on the South side of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is bordered by the residential neighbourhoods of Auldhouse to the east, Eastwood and Hillpark to the south and Shawlands to the north, with the Glasgow South Western Line railway and the open lands of Pollok Country Park to the west. The White Cart Water flows through the area.

The housing stock consists of some sandstone tenement housing, modern brick tenement-style buildings, low-rise social housing and high rise/multi-storey tower blocks. Previously eight tower blocks stood in an area known as the Shawbridge Corridor; the last of these blocks was demolished in March 2016. Four other tower blocks remain, near Pollokshaws East railway station.

According to the 2001 Census, Pollokshaws had a population of 4,295. Its residents are a mixture of working class and middle class social groups, and the area also had a large South Asian community.

Shawlands
Shawlands (Scottish Gaelic: Fearann na Doire) is a Southside suburb of Glasgow, Scotland, located two miles south of the River Clyde. The area, considered the "Heart of the Southside", is known for its independent restaurants  and cafés, art scene, public parks, period terraces, and red and blond sandstone tenements. Shawlands was named one of the best places to live in Scotland in 2022 and 2023 by The Sunday Times, and one of the world's coolest neighbourhoods by Time Out Magazine with judges describing it as "the city's best area to live and socialise”. It is located between Pollok Country Park – the home of the Burrell Collection and Pollok House – and the acclaimed Victorian park Queen's Park.
Saleh and Daoud Al-Kuwaity
Saleh (1908–1986) and Daud (1910–1976) Al-Kuwaity (Arabic: صالح و داوود الكويتي) were Kuwait-born Israeli musicians of Babylonian and Persian Jewish ancestry who rose to prominence in the Arab world in the early twentieth century. The brothers had a pioneering role in the modern classical music of Iraq and Kuwait, especially the Iraqi maqam and Kuwaiti sawt genres. In 1951, the brothers immigrated from Iraq to Israel.

Music of Iraq
The music of Iraq or Iraqi music, (Arabic: موسيقى عراقية), [Romanised: mūsīqā ʿirāqiyya], also known as the music of Mesopotamia, encompasses the music of a number of ethnic groups and genres. Ethnically, it includes Mesopotamian Arabic, Assyrian, Kurdish and the music of Turkmen, among others. Apart from the traditional music of these peoples, Iraqi music includes contemporary music styles such as pop, rock, soul and urban contemporary. Instruments used include the oud, Iraqi santur and rebab.
Municipal Conservatory of Guarulhos
The Municipal Conservatory of Guarulhos is a public educational institution of study and training of music, managed by the municipal government of the city of Guarulhos in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The school provides courses in singing, clarinet, acoustic and electric bass guitar, flute, classical and popular percussion, piano, saxophone, trombone, trumpet, viola, guitar, violin, cello, and electric guitar.

Guarulhos
Guarulhos (Brazilian Portuguese: [ɡwaˈɾuʎus]; English: /ɡwɑːˈruːljoʊs/ gwah-ROO-lyohs) is a city and municipality located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, São Paulo state, Brazil. It is located northeast of the state capital, São Paulo. It is the second most populous city in the state of São Paulo, the 13th most populous city in Brazil, and the most populous city in the country that is not a state capital. Its population is 1,345,364 as of 2024, slightly above that of the nearby city of Campinas, with an area of 318.68 km2.
Suzanne Jenniches
F. Suzanne Jenniches (born 1949) is an American engineer who served from April 2, 2003, to 2010 as the vice president and general manager of Government Systems Division of Northrop Grumman Corp.'s Electronic Systems sector. She holds a patent for laser soldering. She was the only woman to take engineering evening classes at Johns Hopkins University in the 1970s. She was both the first female engineer and the first intern at Westinghouse Electric Company. She is one of the first female leaders at Northrop Grumman, and considered a pioneer by the Society of Women Engineers.

PennWest Clarion
Pennsylvania Western University – Clarion (PennWest Clarion, formerly Clarion University of Pennsylvania) is a campus of Pennsylvania Western University in Clarion, Pennsylvania, United States. The institution was founded in 1867 and offers associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees, as well as certificate programs and a Doctor of Nursing Practice. The campus had an enrollment of 1,743 as of fall 2024.
Painsley Catholic College
Painsley Catholic College is a Roman Catholic secondary school with academy status in Cheadle, Staffordshire, England. The name comes from Painsley Hall, Draycott in the Moors, from which the Painsley and Draycott Mission served the neighbouring areas and from which grew those parishes now connected with the college.  It is also part of a multi-academy company made up of Painsley and its six feeder schools.

Cheadle, Staffordshire
Cheadle is a market town and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands District of Staffordshire, England. It is located between Uttoxeter, Leek, Ashbourne and Stoke-on-Trent. Dating back to Anglo-Saxon times, it lies within the historic Staffordshire Hundred of Totmonslow. In 2011 the parish had a population of 12,165.
Maloelap Atoll
The Maloelap Atoll (Marshallese: M̧aļoeļap, [mˠɑlˠɔːɛlˠɑpʲ]) (also spelled Maleolap) is a coral atoll of 71 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands.  Its land area is only 9.8 square kilometers (3.8 sq mi), but that encloses a lagoon of 972 square kilometers (375 sq mi). It is located 18 kilometers (11 mi) north of the atoll of Aur. The population of the atoll was 395 at the 2021 census.

The largest of the islands that make up the atoll are Taroa (the administrative center of the atoll), in the northeast, and Kaben in the northwest. Only three of the other islands in the atoll are inhabited: Airuk, Wolot and Jang. The island is served by Air Marshall Islands via Maloelap Airport.

Taroa Island
Taroa is an island in the east of Maloelap Atoll in the Marshall Islands. During World War II, it was the site of a major Japanese airfield (Taroa Airfield). The airfield was destroyed near the close of World War II, and parts of the base and its ruins are still visible all over the island.

The island was not resettled by the Marshallese until the 1970s, but is now the atoll's main economic center due to the re-opened airstrip and local copra production.
Bala Naqib Kola
Bala Naqib Kola (Persian: بالانقيب كلا, also Romanized as Bālā Naqīb Kolā) is a village in Pazevar Rural District, Rudbast District, Babolsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran.

Its nearby villages are Seyyed Mahalleh to its west, Kari Kola to its northwest, Aysi Kola to its east, Reza Kola and Fulad Kola to its south, and Darzi Naqib Kola to its north.

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 470 in 124 households. The following census in 2011 counted 443 people in 132 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 478 people in 173 households.

Reza Kola
Reza Kola (Persian: رضاكلا, also Romanized as Reẕā Kolā) is a village in Pazevar Rural District, Rudbast District, Babolsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. It is northwest of Amirkola city and west of Babolrud river. Nearby villages are Fulad Kola to its south, Aysi Kola and Chupan Kola to its northeast, Bala Naqib Kola to its north and Seyyed Mahalleh to its northeast.

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 180 in 47 households. The following census in 2011 counted 173 people in 51 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 173 people in 61 households.
Hồ dynasty
The Hồ dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Hồ, chữ Nôm: 茹胡; Vietnamese: triều Hồ, chữ Hán: 朝胡), officially Đại Ngu (Vietnamese: Đại Ngu; chữ Hán:  大虞), was a short-lived Vietnamese dynasty consisting of the reigns of two monarchs, Hồ Quý Ly and his second son, Hồ Hán Thương. The practice of bequeathing the throne to a designated son (not simply passing it on to the eldest) was similar to what had happened in the previous Trần dynasty and was meant to avoid sibling rivalry. Hồ Quý Ly's eldest son, Hồ Nguyên Trừng, played his part as the dynasty's military general. In 2011, UNESCO declared the Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty in Thanh Hóa Province a world heritage site. The Hồ dynasty was conquered by the Chinese Ming dynasty in 1407.

Hồ Hán Thương
Hồ Hán Thương (chữ Hán: 胡漢蒼, ?–1407?) was the second and final emperor of the short-lived Hồ dynasty of Đại Ngu (now Viet Nam).α

Hán Thương, his father Hồ Quý Ly, and his son Nhuế, were captured by the Ming forces during the Ming–Hồ War in June 1407 and died in exile in China.
St Helena's Church, Willoughby
St Helena's Church, sometimes known as St Helen's Church, is an Anglican church in the village of Willoughby, Lincolnshire, England. It is grade I listed, and dates in part from the 14th century.

Windows in the church commemorate John Smith, one of the founders of Jamestown in Virginia, United States, who was christened here. Nicholas Antram, in his revised Lincolnshire volume in the Pevsner Buildings of England series, notes the building's scale and its "early" Perpendicular Gothic style.

There are two graves in the churchyard in the care of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

St Helena's is an active place of worship within the Alford Group of Churches.

Willoughby, Lincolnshire
Willoughby is a village in the district of East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. It is situated three miles (five kilometres) south from the market town of Alford, and on the edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Chandravati
Chandravati, popularly known as Chandroti, is a village situated near Abu Road on the bank of the West Banas River in the Indian state of Rajasthan. In ancient times it was an extensive town, and present villages such as Dattani, Kiverli, Kharadi and Santpura were its suburbs. The old ruins, such as temples, torans and images scattered over the large area, bear testimony to its past glory.

Paramaras of Chandravati
The Paramaras of Chandravati ruled the area around the Arbuda mountain (present-day Mount Abu) in India during 10th-13th centuries. Their capital was located at Chandravati, and their territory included parts of present-day southern Rajasthan and northern Gujarat. The most notable ruler of the dynasty was Dharavarsha, who helped his Chaulukya overlords repulse a Ghurid invasion at the Battle of Kasahrada in 1178.
Paopi 21
Paopi 20 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 22

The twenty-first day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 18, of the Julian calendar, and October 31, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.

Paopi 22
Paopi 21 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 23

The twenty-second day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 19, of the Julian calendar, and November 1, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.
Mark Schanowski
Mark Schanowski is an American sportscaster. Schanowski currently works for WLS-TV ABC7 Chicago and was formerly on NBC Sports Chicago, appearing in the Chicago Bulls' pre- and post-game shows as well as the SportsNite program. He is also the per diem sports anchor and reporter for WLS-TV. Schanowski had worked as a sports anchor at WMAQ-TV until 2005. On May 20, 2021, it was announced Schanowski will join WLS-TV starting May 29, 2021 as a per diem sports anchor and reporter for the station. On May 29, 2021, Schanowski made his debut appearance on WLS-TV during the 5pm news. He is co-host of the "Gimme the Hot Sauce" podcast with Stacey King and Tim Kelley.

WLS-TV
WLS-TV (channel 7) is a television station in Chicago, Illinois, United States, serving as the market's ABC network outlet. It has been owned and operated by the network's ABC Owned Television Stations division since the station's inception. WLS-TV's studios are located on North State Street in the Chicago Loop, and its transmitter is located atop the Willis Tower.
Kur (Khabarovsk Krai)
The Kur (Russian: Кур) is a river in the Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. At its confluence with the river Urmi it forms the Tunguska, which is a left tributary of the Amur. It is 434 kilometres (270 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 13,700 square kilometres (5,300 sq mi).

The Kur and Urmi often flood in the summer.

Urmi (river)
The Urmi (Russian: Урми) is a river in Khabarovsk Krai of Russia. It is 458 kilometres (285 mi) long and drains a basin of 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi). There are some 1,040 lakes in the Urmi basin; their total surface area is more than 32 square kilometres (12 sq mi).

The Urmi merges with the Kur to form the Tunguska, which then falls into the Amur opposite Khabarovsk.

The Urmi's source lies on the southern slopes of the Badzhal Range, from where it begins to flow adjacent to the Bureia Range. The river's lower course passes mostly through the Amur Lowland.

The Urmi depends on rain for most of its water. Its mean rate of flow is 170 cubic metres per second (6,000 cu ft/s). With the onset of winter in November, the river freezes.

The river is navigable by small craft. One particular stretch of the river, which is 260 kilometres (160 mi) long, is used to float lumber.
Patent holding company
A patent holding company (PHC) exists to hold patents on behalf of one or more other companies but does not necessarily manufacture products or supply services based upon the patents held.

Patent holding companies may exist for tax reasons.  Patent holding companies may also operate patent pools in order to provide a single source for licensing a patented technology. However, patent holding companies that aggressively seek to enforce patent rights through litigation or threats of litigation are referred to as patent assertion entities (PAEs) or, more pejoratively, patent trolls.

Patent pool
In patent law, a patent pool is a consortium of two or more companies agreeing to cross-license patents relating to a particular technology. The creation of a patent pool can save patentees and licensees time and money, and, in case of blocking patents, it may also be the only reasonable method for making the invention available to the public. Competition law issues are usually important when a large consortium is formed.