hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South African type SK tender
The South African type SK tender was a steam locomotive tender.

Type SK tenders were rebuilt from Type SH tenders which had entered service in 1904 and 1905. The rebuilding resulted in a tender with a larger water tank and larger coal bunker.

South African type SH tender
The South African type SH tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Natal Colony.

The Type SH tender first entered service in 1904, as tenders to the Class B 4-8-0 Mastodon type steam locomotives which were acquired by the Natal Government Railways in that year. These locomotives were designated Class 1 on the South African Railways in 1912.
Thorsten Quandt
Thorsten Quandt is the professor of online communication at the University of Münster, Germany. He has a particular interest in online communication, (online) journalism and digital media. He (co)authored more than 200 scientific articles and several books, including Participatory Journalism, which was influential in establishing the citizen journalism model. He has edited numerous books, primarily in the field of online communication and digital media, including The Video Game Debate. His work was awarded with several scientific prizes, including international Top Paper Awards, the dissertation award of the German Communication Association, and an ERC grant (European Excellency Programme).

European Communication Research and Education Association
The European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA) is a scholarly association focused on the study of media, telecommunications, and informatics, including relevant approaches from the human and social sciences. It strives to promote the quality of communication research and teaching in higher education across Europe. For 2024, ECREA has more than 3,700 members. Currently, ECREA's legal seat is located in Brussels, Belgium. ECREA is similar in nature to other learned societies such as the International Communication Association (ICA) and the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR).
UK Project
UK Project (stylized as UK.PROJECT) is a Japanese independent record label and an artist management company which runs various music labels, artist management agencies and concert venues under its umbrella company.

Alexandros (band)
Alexandros (アレキサンドロス, Arekisandorosu), stylized as [Alexandros], is a Japanese rock band, managed by UK Project. They are signed to RX-Records and Polydor Records under Universal Music Japan. On March 28, 2014, the band renamed from [Champagne] to [Alexandros] from on request from Bureau du Champagne, Japan.
Holmenkollen (station)
Holmenkollen is a station on the Holmenkollen Line (Line 1) on the Oslo Metro, located in the Holmenkollen area, between Besserud and Voksenlia. Until 1916 when Holmenkollbanen was completed, the terminus station was Besserud and was called Holmenkollen. The station is at an elevation of 277.7 meters (911 ft) above mean sea level. The station architect was Erik Glosimodt.

The station is close to the Holmenkollbakken facility and skiing museum. The area also has several residential buildings.

Holmenkollen
Holmenkollen (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈhɔ̂ɫmn̩ˌkɔɫn̩]) is a mountain and a neighbourhood in the Vestre Aker borough of Oslo, Norway. It goes up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level and is well known for its international skiing competitions.
Cruz Bay, U.S. Virgin Islands
Cruz Bay, U.S. Virgin Islands is the main census-designated place (CDP) on the island of Saint John in the United States Virgin Islands. It is the fourth largest town or census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. Virgin Islands (after Charlotte Amalie, Anna's Retreat, and Charlotte Amalie West). According to the 2020 census, Cruz Bay had a population of 2,772.

Anna's Retreat, U.S. Virgin Islands
Anna's Retreat is a suburban census-designated place (CDP) predominantly in the administrative subdistrict of Tutu in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Small portions of the CDP are in the Northside and Southside subdistricts. The census refers to the CDP as Tutu as do others because it covers almost the entire subdistrict. As of 2020, the population was 5519, making Anna's Retreat the second-largest town or CDP in the U.S. Virgin Islands after the territorial capital, Charlotte Amalie.

Unlike many other parts of the territory, tourists are not often present in the CDP. The CDP's commercial area caters more to the needs of locals, unlike Charlotte Amalie, Charlotte Amalie West and Charlotte Amalie East which all does both.
Mayor of Gloucester
The Mayor of Gloucester is the first citizen of the City of Gloucester, England, and acts as chair of the council. The Mayor represents the Council and the City at civic, ceremonial and community events both inside the City boundaries and elsewhere.

The first recorded mayor of Gloucester was Richard the Burgess, who derived his authority from a royal order in 1228. No further use of the title is recorded until the Letters Patent of Richard III in October 1483, whereby the burgesses of Gloucester were given the right to elect their first mayor. The first mayor to be so elected was John Trye.

George Selwyn (politician)
George Augustus Selwyn (11 August 1719 – 25 January 1791) of Matson House, Gloucestershire, was an English Member of Parliament. A renowned eccentric with an affinity for macabre and cross-dressing, he was later described as "a necrophiliac, gay transvestite, [who] sat mute, loved, and undisturbed in the House of Commons for 44 years".
Lohnweiler
Lohnweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

Lauterecken
Lauterecken (German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊtɐˌʔɛkn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein, to which it also belongs. Lauterecken bears the nickname Veldenzstadt, after the comital family that once held sway here. It is also a state-recognized tourism resort town, and in terms of state planning is laid out as a lower centre.
Savina Monastery (Montenegro)
The Savina Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Савина, romanized: Manastir Savina; lit. "Sava's monastery") is a Serbian Orthodox monastery of three churches near the city Herceg Novi in the Bay of Kotor, located in thick Mediterranean vegetation in one of the most beautiful parts of the Montenegrin Littoral.

Herceg Novi
Herceg Novi (Cyrillic: Херцег Нови, pronounced [xěrtseɡ nôviː]) is a town in Coastal region of Montenegro located at the Western entrance to the Bay of Kotor and at the foot of Mount Orjen. It is the administrative center of the Herceg Novi Municipality with around 33,000 inhabitants. The town was founded as a fortress in 1382 by the King of Bosnia, Tvrtko I Kotromanić, and named after Saint Stephen but the name did not stick, instead it became known as Novi (transl. New), also Castelnuovo in Italian (transl. New Castle). Between 1482 and 1687 it was part of the Ottoman Empire and then from 1687 to 1797 the Albania Veneta of the Republic of Venice. It was a Catholic bishopric and remains a Latin titular see as Novi. Herceg Novi has had a turbulent past, despite being one of the youngest settlements on the Adriatic. A history of varied occupations has created a blend of diverse and picturesque architectural styles in the city.
San Francisco Bay Ferry
San Francisco Bay Ferry is a public transit passenger ferry service in the San Francisco Bay, administered by the San Francisco Bay Area Water Emergency Transportation Authority (WETA) and operated under contract by the privately owned Blue and Gold Fleet. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 3,013,100, or about 8,800 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

San Francisco Bay Ferry is a different system from Golden Gate Ferry, which provides passenger ferry service between San Francisco and Marin County.

Oakland Ferry Terminal
The Oakland Ferry Terminal (also known as  Clay Street Ferry Terminal and Jack London Square Ferry Terminal) is a ferry terminal on the San Francisco Bay, located in Jack London Square in Oakland, California.
Mahaiwe Block
The Mahaiwe Block is a commercial and theater building in the heart of downtown Great Barrington, Massachusetts.  In addition to smaller businesses, it houses the Mahaiwe Performing Arts Center, the town's only major performance space.  It has been in virtually continuous operation since its construction in 1905.  The building is located at 6-14 Castle St. and 314-322 Main St, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The building's condition and fate in the 1990s was a major contributing factor in the establishment of local preservation ordinances.  The building takes its name from an earlier structure on the site, which its owner called "Mahaiwe House".

Mahaiwe Performing Arts Center
The Mahaiwe Performing Arts Center (/məˈheɪwi/) is a major performance space in the town of Great Barrington, Massachusetts. The theater's name comes from the indigenous Mahican term for "the place downstream" in relation to the Housatonic River. The theater itself has hosted events for the Berkshire County community since it was built in 1905 and as the performing arts center since 2005, with offerings ranging from movies to live music, dance, drama, and comedy.
Bogcha Gate
Bogcha Gate (uzbek: Bogʻcha darvoza) is the northern gate of the Khiva citadel, Itchan Kala. It was built in the 19th century. Currently, it is listed as a site of the national cultural heritage of Uzbekistan. It is also part of the UNESCO World Heritage List as a component of the historical part of the city of Khiva.

Khiva
Khiva (Uzbek: Xiva, Хива, خیوه; other names) is a district-level city of approximately 93,000 people in Khorazm Region, Uzbekistan. According to archaeological data, the city was established around 2,500 years ago.

In 1997, Khiva celebrated its 2500th anniversary. It is the former capital of Khwarezmia, the Khanate of Khiva, and the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic. Itchan Kala in Khiva was the first site in Uzbekistan (and in Central Asia) to be inscribed on the World Heritage List (1991). The Iranian astronomer, historian and polymath, Al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) was born in either Khiva or the nearby city of Kath.
Surfing locations in the Capes region of South West Western Australia
34°S 115°E﻿ / ﻿34°S 115°E﻿ / -34; 115

Many surfing locations are found along the coast of the Capes Region in Western Australia. The Capes Region, also known as Cape to Cape, is situated between Cape Naturaliste and Cape Leeuwin,: 11  within a larger region known as the South West. Despite their wide geographic range, most surf breaks in the Capes Region tend to be associated with Margaret River, situated roughly central to the stretch of coast along which they are located.

Margaret River, Western Australia
Margaret River is a town in the South West of Western Australia, located in the valley of the Margaret River, 277 kilometres (172 mi) south of Perth, the state capital. Its Local Government Area is the Shire of Augusta Margaret River.

Margaret River's coast to the west of the town is a renowned surfing location with worldwide fame for its surf breaks including, but not limited to, 'Main Break' and 'The Box'. Colloquially, the area is referred to as "Margs".

The surrounding area is the Margaret River wine region and is known for its wine production and tourism, attracting an estimated 500,000 visitors annually.
National Journal
National Journal is an advisory services company based in Washington, D.C., offering services in government affairs, advocacy communications, stakeholder mapping, and policy brands research for government and business leaders. It publishes daily journalism covering politics and public policy and is led by president Kevin Turpin, National Journal Daily editor-in-chief Jeff Dufour, and The Hotline editor-in-chief Kirk Bado.

Initially popularized by its weekly magazine, which closed in December 2015 after 46 years of publication, National Journal shifted to a paid membership model in 2011 and began providing strategic research and analysis through its suite of products for government affairs and public policy professionals. National Journal now serves over 1,000 members from both the public and private sectors.

Government Executive
Government Executive is an American media publication based in Washington, D.C., which covers daily government business for civilians, federal bureaucrats, and military officials. Government Executive is part of GovExec, which is owned by Growth Catalyst Partners.
Lavinia Young
Lavinia Young (1911-1986) was matron of Westminster Hospital from 1951 until her retirement in 1966.

She appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 21 December 1964.

Young worked as a nurse for 37 years, 21 of those spent at Westminster, retiring in November 1966. She received an OBE for her work in 1967.

She served for six years on Shaftesbury Borough Council and, in 1970, she was elected Mayor of Shaftesbury.

Young died in 1986.

Mayor of Shaftesbury
The following were mayors of Shaftesbury, Dorset, England:

1331-2 and 1351-2: John Haselmere

1355: Robert Fovent

Michaelmas 1374–5, 1379-80: Edward Leante.

Michaelmas 1383-4: Richard Payn

Michaelmas 1390-2 and 1400-1: Thomas Cammell

Michaelmas 1392–3, 1401–2, 1404-6: Walter Biere

Michaelmas 1402-3 and 1415-16: Hugh Croxhale

1403-4: Thomas Hat

1409-10: Thomas Hat

1414-1415: Thomas Haselmere

1545-1546: John Garputs

1970-1971: Lavinia Young OBE.
Fombio
Fombio (Lodigiano: Fùmbi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Lodi.

It was the site of the Battle of Fombio in 1796.

Fombio borders the following municipalities: Codogno, Somaglia, San Fiorano, Santo Stefano Lodigiano, Guardamiglio, San Rocco al Porto.

Santo Stefano Lodigiano
Santo Stefano Lodigiano (Lodigiano: San Steu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Lodi.

Santo Stefano Lodigiano borders the following municipalities: Maleo, Corno Giovine, Corno Giovine, Fombio, San Fiorano, Caselle Landi, Piacenza, Piacenza, San Rocco al Porto.

The municipality is home to a Baby & Toy Museum with more than 1,700 items.
Connected sum
In mathematics, specifically in topology, the operation of connected sum is a geometric modification on manifolds. Its effect is to join two given manifolds together near a chosen point on each. This construction plays a key role in the classification of closed surfaces.

More generally, one can also join manifolds together along identical submanifolds; this generalization is often called the fiber sum.

There is also a closely related notion of a connected sum on knots, called the knot sum or composition of knots.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
Quercus rubra
Quercus rubra, the northern red oak or common red oak, is an oak tree in the red oak group (Quercus section Lobatae). It is a native of North America, in the eastern and central United States and southeast and south-central Canada. It has been introduced to small areas in Western Europe, where it can frequently be seen cultivated in gardens and parks. It prefers good soil that is slightly acidic. Often simply called red oak, northern red oak is so named to distinguish it from southern red oak (Q. falcata), also known as the Spanish oak.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.
Zawisza Bydgoszcz
Zawisza Bydgoszcz (Polish pronunciation: [zaˈviʂa ˈbɨdɡɔʂt͡ʂ]) is a sports club from Bydgoszcz, Poland, founded in 1946. Its name commemorates a legendary Polish 15th-century knight, Zawisza Czarny (Zawisza the Black). The club holds many sections: football, track and field athletics, boxing, rowing, canoeing, weightlifting, gymnastics, shooting, and parachuting ones.

Their football team currently competes in group II of the III liga, the fourth tier of national football league system.

2013–14 Polish Cup
The 2013–14 Polish Cup was the sixtieth season of the annual Polish football knockout tournament. It began on 13 July 2013 with the first matches of the extra preliminary round and ended on 2 May 2014 with the Final. The winners qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League.

Legia Warsaw were the defending champions, having won their record breaking 16th title in the previous season. Zawisza Bydgoszcz won the match 6–5 on penalties following a 0–0 draw after extra time, thus winning the first Polish Cup trophy in the club's history.
Turkmenbashi International Seaport
The Türkmenbaşy International Seaport  (Turkmen: Türkmenbaşy Halkara deňiz porty) is the main passenger harbour and cargo port in Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan.

It is located in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea. Regular lines serve routes to Baku (Azerbaijan), Aktau (Kazakhstan) and Astrakhan (Russia).

It is the largest seaport in Turkmenistan.

Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan
Türkmenbaşy, previously known as Shagadam (Turkmen: Şagadam), Krasnovodsk (Russian: Красноводск) and Kyzyl-Su, is a major port city in Balkan Province in western Turkmenistan, on the Türkmenbaşy Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It sits at an elevation of 27 metres (89 feet). The population (est 2004) was 86,800, consisting of mostly ethnic Turkmens, with the addition of Russian, Armenian and Azeri minorities. As the terminus of the Trans-Caspian Railway and site of a major seaport on the Caspian, it is an important transportation center. The city is also the site of Turkmenistan's largest oil refining complex.

This city should not be confused with the similarly named town of Türkmenbaşy (Turkmen: Türkmenbaşy şäherçesi), formerly called Janga (Russian: Джанга, Cyrillic Turkmen: Җанга), also in Balkan Province, or the city of Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy adyndaky in Daşoguz Province.
Point Davenport Conservation Park
Point Davenport Conservation Park is a protected area occupying Point Davenpoint, a headland between Foul Bay and Sturt Bay on the south coast of Yorke Peninsula in South Australia about 19.8 kilometres (12.3 miles) south of Warooka.  The park was proclaimed in 1987.  The conservation park is considered to be ‘an area of high biodiversity with a range of habitats including beaches and foredunes, and an estuary that is listed as a nationally important wetland.’  It is classified as an IUCN Category III protected area.

Yorke Peninsula
The Yorke Peninsula, known as Guuranda by the original inhabitants, the Narungga people, is a peninsula located northwest and west of Adelaide in South Australia, between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St Vincent on the east. The peninsula is separated from Kangaroo Island to the south by Investigator Strait.

The most populous town in the region is Kadina; Maitland is the most central town; and the south-western tip is occupied by Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park.
Tetrachlorodecaoxide
"Tetrachlorodecaoxide" (TCDO) is a chlorite-containing substance with claimed immunomodulatory, macrophage-activating properties. WF10 (Macrokine, Immunokine, Oxoferin) is an aqueous solution of tetrachlorodecaoxide designed for intravenous injection. Tetrachlorodecaoxide/WF10 were originally developed by Oxo Chemie. The chemical formula is given as Cl4H2O114-. This incomplete formula shows a mixture of chlorite ion, water, and molecular oxygen: "Cl4H2O114-" = 4ClO2− + H2O + O2. Oxoferin was found to be equivalent with aqueous sodium chlorite.

Tetrachlorodecaoxide / WF10 is used in the management of radiation cystitis, is effective in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, and is used in wound healing, where the mechanism of action is activation of the macrophage system, and increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in the wound.

Chlorite
The chlorite ion, or chlorine dioxide anion, is the halite with the chemical formula of ClO−2. A chlorite (compound) is a compound that contains this group, with chlorine in the oxidation state of +3. Chlorites are also known as salts of chlorous acid.
Welfare in Sweden
Social welfare in Sweden is made up of several organizations and systems dealing with welfare. It is mostly funded by taxes, and executed by the public sector on all levels of government as well as private organizations. It can be separated into three parts falling under three different ministries.  Social welfare is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.  Education is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education and Research.  The labour market is the responsibility of the Ministry of Employment.

Poor relief regulation of 1847
The Poor relief regulation of 1847 (Swedish: 1847 års fattigvårdförordning) was a Swedish Poor Law which organized the public poor relief system in Sweden. With some alterations in 1853 and 1871, it established the basis for the poor relief system until the Poor Care Law of 1918 was passed.
Keisei AE100 series
The Keisei AE100 series (京成AE100形) was a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated between 1990 and 2016 by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway on Cityliner limited express services between Tokyo and Keisei Narita in Japan. First entering service in June 1990, the trains replaced the earlier AE series EMUs operating on Skyliner services providing a link between Tokyo and Narita Airport. They had a slant-nosed design with hidden headlamps.

Cityliner (train)
The Cityliner (シティライナー) was a limited express train service operated in Japan by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway between Keisei Ueno in Tokyo and Keisei Narita in Chiba Prefecture via the Keisei Main Line. The Cityliner service was introduced from 17 July 2010, initially operating between Keisei Ueno and Narita Airport, replacing the former Skyliner services, which were transferred to the new Narita Sky Access route from that date.