hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beržai
Beržai is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It is located by the Kruostas river and Vaidatoniai pond, 4 km (2.5 mi) from Dotnuva. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 214 people. Beržai is the site of an ancient burial place.

Kruostas
The Kruostas is a river of  Kėdainiai district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 28.9 kilometres (18.0 mi) and has a basin area of 99.7 km2 (38.5 sq mi). It originates near Alksnėnai village and goes through agriculture fields passing the villages of Žilvičiai, Šlapaberžė, Beržai and Daškoniai. The lower course goes through a deep valley beside Vaidatoniai hillfort. This area is Kruostas botanic sanctuary. The river meets the Nevėžis from the right side near Urbeliai village. Vaidatoniai pond is on the Kruostas river.

The name Kruostas derives from Lithuanian word kruostas or skruostas ('cheek, eyelash, eyebrow'), further from skrosti, skersti ('to slice, to butcher').
Stora Hoparegränd
Stora Hoparegränd is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden. Connecting Skeppsbron to Österlånggatan, it forms a parallel street to Skottgränd and Drakens gränd.

It appears in historical records as Mechiill hopares grennd (1550), Hopers grändh (1578), Michel Hopers grendh (1582) and St. Hopare gr[änd] (1733).

Hoparegränd is named after a Michel Hoper (or Hopare) who owned a property in the alley during the first half of the 16th century. Hoper's widow, Brita, handed the property over to the husband of her niece in 1566 in exchange for sustenance. The name is of Dutch or Frisian origin, and as a surname it gives an indication of a profession, hooper (e.g. maker of barrels).

A film, Stora Hoparegränd och himmelriket ("Stora Hoparegränd and Heaven") was released in 1949.

Österlånggatan
Österlånggatan (Swedish for 'Eastern Long Street') is a street in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.  Stretching southward from Slottsbacken to Järntorget, it forms a parallel street to Baggensgatan and Skeppsbron.  Major sights include the statue of Saint George and the Dragon on Köpmanbrinken and the restaurant Den Gyldene Freden on number 51, established in 1722 and mentioned in Guinness Book of Records as one of the oldest with an unaltered interior.
Las Vueltas
Las Vueltas is a district in the Chalatenango Department in the north of El Salvador. The municipality is bordered to the north by Ojos de Agua, to the east by Las Flores, to the south by Chalatenango, and to the northeast by Concepción Quezaltepeque. The territory covers 36.83 km2 and the population was, as of 2005, of 2,101 inhabitants. For its administration, the municipality is divided into six cantones and 35 caseríos.

Concepción Quezaltepeque
Concepción Quezaltepeque is a district in the Chalatenango Department in the north of El Salvador.  It is bordered to the north by Comalapa and La Laguna, to the east by Las Vueltas and Chalatenango, to the south by Chalatenango, and to the west by Santa Rita.  The territorial extension of the municipality is 52.54 km2.  In 2005 the population was 6,734 inhabitants.  The municipality's administration is divided into 6 cantons and 14 caserío.
Kanwari
Kanwari, also spelled Kunwari, or Kwari, is a village of 7,000 population, in Hansi-I Tehsil, Hisar-1 Rural Development Block, Hansi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) and Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency) of Hisar District of Hisar Division in the Haryana state of India. It is part of the saat bas bhaichara grouping of 7 villages. The village has 4 panna/patti (subdivisions), named as Nangalia Panna (dominated by Garhwal gotra ), upparla Panna (dominated by Duhan gotra), parla Panna (dominated by Sheoran gotra), etc. with a total revenue land area of 43903 kanal or 5487 acre as per HALRIS records.

It is situated  260 kilometres (160 mi) from the state capital Chandigarh, 166 kilometres (103 mi) from the national capital Delhi, 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the district headquarter Hisar, 42 kilometres (26 mi) from Bhiwani and 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the Tosham Hill range beginning at Khanak.

Nalwa
Nalwa is a village, as well as an Assembly Constituency in Haryana Legislative Assembly, located in Hisar district in the state of Haryana in India.

It is situated 168 kilometres (104 mi) from the national capital New Delhi and 27 kilometres (17 mi) from the district headquarters Hisar on the Hisar-Tosham road.

Nalwa village is the native village of O. P. Jindal, an industrialist. His son Naveen Jindal is the Ex Member of Parliament (In 14th and 15th Lok Sabha) from Kurukshetra, Haryana.
University of Haripur
The University of Haripur (UOH) (Urdu: جامعہ ہری پور) is a public university situated in Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. UoH offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs in various disciplines, including business administration, computer science and social sciences

Haripur, Pakistan
Haripur (Hindko, Urdu: ہری پور) is a city in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is the 14th largest city by population in the province, and serves as the headquarter of its namesake tehsil and district. Located some 65 km (40 mi) north of Islamabad Capital Territory and 35 km (22 mi) south of Abbottabad, Haripur is in a hilly plain area at an altitude of 520 m (1,706 ft).
NGC 4782
NGC 4782 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Corvus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background for is 4,962±30 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 238.7 ± 16.8 Mly (73.18 ± 5.15 Mpc). However, nine non-redshift measurements give a closer distance of 189.86 ± 22.21 Mly (58.211 ± 6.811 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 27 March 1786.

NGC 4782 along with NGC 4783 are listed together as Holm 485 in Erik Holmberg's A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems, published in 1937. They are also listed as VV 201 in the Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov Interacting Galaxies catalogue. However, since NGC 4782 is about 31.1 Mly (9.54 Mpc) farther away than NGC 4783 (using Hubble distance), the grouping is purely optical.

The SIMBAD database lists NGC 4782 as a radio galaxy, i.e. it has giant regions of radio emission extending well beyond its visible structure.

Corvus (constellation)
Corvus is a small constellation in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere. Its name means "crow" in Latin. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, it depicts a raven, a bird associated with stories about the god Apollo, perched on the back of Hydra the water snake. The four brightest stars, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, and Beta Corvi, form a distinctive quadrilateral or cross-shape in the night sky.

With an apparent magnitude of 2.59, Gamma Corvi—also known as Gienah—is the brightest star in the constellation. It is an aging blue giant around four times as massive as the Sun. The young star Eta Corvi has been found to have two debris disks. Three star systems have exoplanets, and a fourth planetary system is unconfirmed. TV Corvi is a dwarf nova—a white dwarf and brown dwarf in very close orbit.
Chemistry of ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with formula C6H8O6, originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish.  It dissolves freely in water to give mildly acidic solutions.  It is a mild reducing agent.

Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers), commonly denoted "l" (for "levo") and "d" (for "dextro"). The l isomer is the one most often encountered: it occurs naturally in many foods, and is one form ("vitamer") of vitamin C, an essential nutrient for humans and many animals. Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy, formerly a major disease of sailors in long sea voyages. It is used as a food additive and a dietary supplement for its antioxidant properties. The "d" form (erythorbic acid) can be made by chemical synthesis, but has no significant biological role.

Lactone
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They are derived from the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids by esterification. They can be saturated or unsaturated.

Lactones are formed by lactonization, the intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Ser Minas Tão Gerais
Ser Minas Tão Gerais is a piece of musical theater first produced by the group Ponto de Partida in 2002, written and directed by Regina Bertola. The play is based on the poetry of Carlos Drummond de Andrade and Milton Nascimento, and is rich with cultural references of Minas Gerais.

The music, directed by Para Gilvan Oliveira, included Milton Nascimento and the Meninos do Araçuaí boys chorus.

Milton Nascimento
Milton Silva Campos do Nascimento (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmiwtõ ˈsiwvɐ ˈkɐ̃pus du nasiˈmẽtu]; born October 26, 1942), also known as Bituca, is a Brazilian singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist.

Nascimento has recorded 32 studio albums and has won five Grammy Awards, including Best World Music Album for his album Nascimento in 1998, and twelve Brazilian Music Awards. He has collaborated with various artists including Björk, Pat Metheny, Caetano Veloso, and Elis Regina.
Donald E. Stephens Convention Center
The Donald E. Stephens Convention Center, formerly known as the Rosemont/O'Hare Exposition Center, is a convention center located in Rosemont, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.  Built in 1975, the center has exhibition space of 840,000 sq ft (78,000 m2) and parking available via a Skybridge connected parking garage, which is able to accommodate 8,000 vehicles.  It is located near O'Hare International Airport, Allstate Arena, Rosemont Theatre, and Fashion Outlets of Chicago.  The facility is named after the late mayor of Rosemont, Donald E. Stephens.

Notable events held annually include:

Midwest FurFest

The Chicago RV and Boat Show

The International Gem and Jewelry Show

Anime Central

Anime Midwest

Anime Magic

Fan Expo Chicago

Nightmare Weekend Chicago

Islamic Society of North America Convention

The American Numismatic Association held their annual "World's Fair of Money" here in 1991, 1999, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2019, 2021 and 2022.

Rosemont Theatre
The Rosemont Theatre is a concert hall in Rosemont, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. The venue, which has seats for 4,400 people, opened in 1995 and hosts many different musical artists and shows. It is located near O'Hare International Airport, Fashion Outlets of Chicago, Allstate Arena and Donald E. Stephens Convention Center.
Georgina, Ontario
Georgina is a town in south-central Ontario. The northernmost municipality in the Regional Municipality of York, the town is bounded to the north by Lake Simcoe. Although incorporated as a town, it operates as a township in which dispersed communities share a common administrative council. The largest communities are Keswick, Sutton, and Jackson's Point. Smaller communities include Pefferlaw, Port Bolster, Roches Point, Udora, and Willow Beach. The town was formed by the merger of the Village of Sutton, the Township of Georgina, and the Township of North Gwillimbury in 1971 and incorporated in 1986. North Gwillimbury had been part of Georgina but became its own township in 1826. It took its name from the family of Elizabeth Simcoe, née Gwillim.

Regional Municipality of York
The Regional Municipality of York, also called York Region, is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, between Lake Simcoe and Toronto. The region was established after the passing of then Bill 102, An Act to Establish The Regional Municipality of York, in 1970. It replaced the former York County in 1971, and is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of the Golden Horseshoe. The regional government is headquartered in Newmarket.

As of the 2021 census, York Region's population was 1,173,334, with a growth rate of 5.7% from 2016. The Government of Ontario expects its population to surpass 1.5 million residents by 2031.  The three largest cities in York Region are Markham, Vaughan and Richmond Hill.
Delinian
Delinian (formerly Euromoney Institutional Investor) is a British financial media company that has interests in business and financial publishing and event organisation.

As of 2020, it was one of Europe's largest business and financial information companies. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until it was acquired by private equity groups, Astorg and Epiris, in November 2022.

ITR (magazine)
ITR, previously known as International Tax Review, is a business-to-business publication focused on news analysis of tax policy and tax advice from around the world. This remit includes transfer pricing, corporate tax and indirect tax, particularly VAT and sales tax. The magazine provides in-depth and strategic coverage of policy developments at the EU and the OECD, particularly the latter's BEPS project.
Self-Portrait (Wright of Derby)
Self-Portrait is a c.1772 portrait painting by the British artist Joseph Wright of Derby. A self-portrait, it is distinctive in showing Wright in his role as a painter, holding a porte-crayon and leaning on a protfolio. At the time he had become well known for his chiaroscuro paintings of candlelit scenes. In producing the self-portrait, he reused the reverse side of a piece of canvas on which he had earlier made a preparatory oil sketch for An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump.

In 2022 the painting was acquired by the nation, partly through acceptance in lieu as well as donations from the Art Fund and others and assigned to the Derby Museum and Art Gallery which has the largest collection of works by the artist in the world.

Joseph Wright of Derby
Joseph Wright ARA (3 September 1734 – 29 August 1797), styled Joseph Wright of Derby, was an English painter who specialised in portrait painting and landscape art. He has been acclaimed as "the first professional painter to express the spirit of the Industrial Revolution".

Wright is notable for his use of tenebrism, an exaggerated form of the better known chiaroscuro effect, which emphasizes the contrast of light and dark, and for his paintings of candle-lit subjects. His paintings of the birth of science out of alchemy, often based on the meetings of the Lunar Society of Birmingham, a group of scientists and industrialists living in the English Midlands, are a significant record of the struggle of science against religious values in the period known as the Age of Enlightenment.

Many of Wright's paintings and drawings are owned by Derby City Council, and are on display at the Derby Museum and Art Gallery.
Star of Oregon (ship)
The Star of Oregon was a schooner sailing vessel of the mid-19th century used on the west coast of North America. It was the first American sailing ship built in what is now the U.S. state of Oregon. Pioneer settlers built the ship from 1840 to 1842 in order to sail it to California and exchange it for livestock. During World War II a Liberty ship was named the SS Star of Oregon in honor of the 19th century sailing vessel.

SS Star of Oregon
SS Star of Oregon (MC hull number 171) was a Liberty ship built by the Oregon Shipbuilding Company of Portland, Oregon, and launched on 27 September 1941, the first of the 472 ships built by the company up to November 1945. The ship was named after the Star of Oregon, the first sailing ship built by American settlers in what is now the state of Oregon.

The ship was operated by the States Steamship Company of Portland, under contract from the War Shipping Administration (WSA). On 30 August 1942 she was torpedoed and sunk by U-162 north-east of Tobago at position 11°29′N 59°27′W﻿ / ﻿11.48°N 59.45°W﻿ / 11.48; -59.45. Those aboard were able to abandon ship without casualties.
Bile acid
Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. Diverse bile acids are synthesized in the liver in peroxisomes. Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine residues to give anions called bile salts.

Primary bile acids are those synthesized by the liver. Secondary bile acids result from bacterial actions in the colon. In humans, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid (derivatives of cholic acid) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (derivatives of chenodeoxycholic acid) are the major bile salts. The salts of their 7-alpha-dehydroxylated derivatives, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, are also found, with derivatives of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids accounting for over 90% of human biliary bile acids.

Bile
Bile (from Latin bilis), also known as gall, is a yellow-green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is primarily composed of water, is produced continuously by the liver, and is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. After a human eats, this stored bile is discharged into the first section of the small intestine, known as the duodenum through the ampulla of vater in the duodenal wall .
Yahl, South Australia
Yahl is a Hamlet (small township) that is approximately 7 kilometres south east from Mount Gambier.

The area around present day Yahl was originally inhabited by the local Bungandidj people. Yahl is the aboriginal word for "waters, much water".

The following have been listed as state heritage places on the South Australian Heritage Register – the Former Oast House and Attached Stone Building and the German style cottage.

Yahl is located within the federal division of Barker, the state electoral district of Mount Gambier and the local government area of the District Council of Grant.

District Council of Grant
The District Council of Grant is a local government area located in the Limestone Coast region of South Australia, and is the southernmost council in the state.

The council was formed on 1 July 1996 after the amalgamation of the District Council of Mount Gambier and the District Council of Port MacDonnell, and currently surrounds the City of Mount Gambier. The economy of the district is based on agriculture, forestry and fishing.

The council seat and administration offices are outside the council boundaries in Mount Gambier, while it maintains a branch office in Port MacDonnell.
Alexander Kolowrat
Count Alexander "Sascha" Joseph von Kolowrat-Krakowsky (29 January 1886 – 4 December 1927) was an Austrian film producer of Bohemian-Czech descent from the House of Kolowrat. A pioneer of Austrian cinema, he founded the first major film studio Sascha-Film in Vienna.

Sodom and Gomorrah (1922 film)
Sodom und Gomorrha: Die Legende von Sünde und Strafe ("Sodom and Gomorrah: The Legend of Sin and Punishment"; released in English as Sodom and Gomorrah or Queen of Sin and the Spectacle of Sodom and Gomorrha) is an Austrian silent epic film from 1922. It was shot on the Laaer Berg, Vienna, as the enormous backdrops specially designed and constructed for the film were too big for the Sievering Studios of the production company, Sascha-Film, in Sievering. The film is distinguished, not so much by the strands of its often opaque plot, as by its status as the largest and most expensive film production in Austrian film history. In the creation of the film between 3,000 and 14,000 performers, extras and crew were employed.
Handley Page Type O
The Handley Page Type O was a biplane bomber used by Britain during the First World War. When built, the Type O was one of the largest aircraft in the world. There were two main variants, the Handley Page O/100 (H.P.11) and the Handley Page O/400 (H.P.12).

The aircraft were used in France for tactical night attacks on targets in German-occupied France and Belgium and for strategic bombing of industrial and transport targets in the Rhineland. Some aircraft were temporarily diverted to anti-submarine reconnaissance and bombing in the Tees estuary in 1917 and two aircraft operated in the eastern Mediterranean. The Type O made such an impression that for many years after the war any large aircraft in Britain was referred to as a "Handley Page", even getting a dictionary entry.

No. 216 Squadron RAF
Number 216 Squadron is a squadron of the Royal Air Force based at RAF Waddington, Lincolnshire, since reforming on 1 April 2020 and is tasked with testing future drone swarm technology. It had previously operated Lockheed TriStar K1, KC1 and C2s from RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire, between November 1984 and March 2014.
George Klewitz Soward
George Klewitz Soward (27 August 1857 – 21 February 1941) was an architect and politician in South Australia. he was a partner in the firm English & Soward from 1880 to 1925, renamed English, Soward & Jackman from 1926 to 1936. Among other buildings, the firm was known for designing Beehive Corner, the Epworth Building, and the Queen Adelaide Club.

C. A. Hornabrook
Charles Atkins Hornabrook (c.1833 – 26 August 1903) was a businessman in the colony of South Australia who made a fortune from property development in the city of Adelaide and investments in Broken Hill Proprietary and other mining prospects. He is remembered as the owner and developer of the York Hotel, at the time regarded as Adelaide's finest.
Kvesjøen
Kvesjøen is a lake in Lierne Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The lake lies just inside the Norwegian border with Sweden, on the west end of the lake Murusjøen. The 19.09-square-kilometre (7.37 sq mi) lake sits 320 metres (1,050 ft) above sea level.  The lake contains at least six different fish species; Arctic char, burbot, two different species of trout, grayling and pike.

Lierne Municipality
Lierne is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, and it is the largest municipality by area in Trøndelag. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sandvika. Other villages include Inderdal, Mebygda, and Tunnsjø senter. The municipality borders Sweden to the south and east. Most of Lierne Municipality lies on the Swedish side of the drainage divide between Norway and Sweden.

The 2,962-square-kilometre (1,144 sq mi) municipality is the 16th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lierne Municipality is the 314th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,301. The municipality's population density is 0.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.1% over the previous 10-year period.
United States Fleet
The United States Fleet was an organization in the United States Navy from 1922 until after World War II. The acronym CINCUS, pronounced "sink us", was used for the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet. This was replaced by COMINCH in December, 1941, under the Executive Order 8984, when it was redefined and given operational command over the Atlantic, Pacific, and Asiatic Fleets, as well as all naval coastal forces. The Executive Order 9096 authorized the offices of the CNO and COMINCH to be held by a single officer; Admiral Ernest J. King was first to do so, and in 1944 was promoted to the five-star rank of fleet admiral.

Husband E. Kimmel
Husband Edward Kimmel (February 26, 1882 – May 14, 1968) was a United States Navy four-star admiral who was the commander in chief of the United States Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT) during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. He was removed from that command after the attack, in December 1941, and was reverted to his permanent two-star rank of rear admiral due to no longer holding a four-star assignment. He retired from the Navy in early 1942. The U.S. Senate voted to change Kimmel's permanent rank to four stars in 1999, but President Clinton did not act on the resolution, and neither have any of his successors.