hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sedum palmeri
Sedum palmeri is a species of stonecrop from Mexico. It is a highly variable species with multiple branching stems and rosettes of thick, spoon-shaped, grey-green leaves with pointed tips. It is widely grown as an ornamental plant, especially in the Mediterranean region.

Sedum
Sedum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, members of which are commonly known as stonecrops. The genus has been described as containing up to 600 species, subsequently reduced to 400–500. They are leaf succulents found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into the southern hemisphere in Africa and South America. The plants vary from annual and creeping herbs to shrubs. The plants have water-storing leaves. The flowers usually have five petals, seldom four or six. There are typically twice as many stamens as petals. Various species formerly classified as Sedum are now in the segregate genera Hylotelephium and Rhodiola.

Well-known European species of Sedum are Sedum acre, Sedum album, Sedum dasyphyllum, and Sedum hispanicum.
Swartberg Nature Reserve
The Swartberg Nature Reserve (Afrikaans: Swartberg Natuur Reservaat) is a protected area in the Western Cape province of South Africa. This 1210 km2 protected area is part of the Cape Floral Region Protected Areas World Heritage Site. It is administered by CapeNature.

Cape Floristic Region
The Cape Floral Region is a floristic region located near the southern tip of South Africa. It is the only floristic region of the Cape Floristic Kingdom, and includes only one floristic province, known as the Cape Floristic Province.

The Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, is an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, and is home to over 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.

Much of this diversity is associated with the fynbos biome, a Mediterranean-type, fire-prone shrubland. The economical worth of fynbos biodiversity, based on harvests of fynbos products (e.g. wildflowers) and eco-tourism, is estimated to be in the region of R77 million (~US$5 million) a year.
Brian Murphy (Gaelic games)
Brian Murphy (born 2 February 1952) is an Irish retired dual player of Gaelic football and hurler who played as a corner-back for the Cork senior teams.

Regarded as one of the greatest dual players of all-time due to his unique distinction of winning All-Ireland medals at minor, under-21 and senior in both codes, Murphy joined the team during the 1971–72 National Hurling League and was a regular member of the starting fifteen in both codes until his retirement after the 1983 hurling championship. During that time his hurling honours include three All-Ireland medals, seven Munster medals, three National League medals and two All-Star awards. His football honours include one All-Ireland medal, two Munster medals and two All-Star awards. Murphy was an All-Ireland runner-up on three occasions.

At club level Murphy was a four-time All-Ireland medalist with Nemo Rangers GAA. In addition to this he has also won six Munster medals and seven county football championship medals.

Dual player
Dual player or dual star is a term used in Hiberno-English to describe someone who competes in multiple sports — for example, in Victorian Ireland, cricket and hurling. The term today in Gaelic games typically describes a male player who plays both Gaelic football and hurling or, if a female player, a player of ladies' Gaelic football and camogie. The player does not necessarily have to play at the same standard in both sports. The number of dual stars at county level has decreased recently due to the increasing demands placed upon the best players of both sports.
Malaysian State Roads system
The Malaysian state roads system (Malay: Sistem Laluan Negeri Malaysia) is made up of the secondary roads in Malaysia, with a total length of 264,906.73 km (as of December 2023).  The construction and maintenance works of state roads in Malaysia is managed by Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) of each state and funded by state governments.  The standard of the state roads is similar with the federal roads except for the coding system, where the codes for state roads begin with state codes followed by route number, for example Johor State Route J32 is labeled as J32.  If a state road crosses the state border, the state code will change, for example route B20 in Salak Tinggi, Selangor will change to N20 after crossing the border of Negeri Sembilan to Nilai (Both B20 and N20 now become Malaysia Federal Route 32).

Malaysian Public Works Department
The Malaysian Public Works Department (PWD; Malay: Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia; Chinese: 马来西亚公共工程局; Jawi: جابتن كرجا راي مليسيا‎; officially abbreviated as JKR)  is the federal government department in Malaysia under Ministry of Works (MOW) which is responsible for construction and maintenance of public infrastructure in West Malaysia and Labuan. In Sabah and Sarawak, a  separate entity of Public Works Department exists under the two respective states government jurisdiction but both departments are also subordinate to the parent department at the same time.
Etterbeek railway station
Etterbeek railway station (French: Gare d'Etterbeek; Dutch: Station Etterbeek) is a railway station in Brussels, Belgium, operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB). The station is named after the municipality of Etterbeek, though it is located in neighbouring Ixelles, at the Couronne/Kroon crossroad on the Greater Ring. It first opened in 1880, and was, as of 2007, the 29th most used railway station in Belgium, with 5,565 passengers per day. In 2014, the station was used by 4,766 passengers on weekdays.

The station is located on line 161, between Germoir/Mouterij and Watermael railway stations. Some trains from line 26 also call at this station between Delta and Boondael.

Watermael railway station
Watermael railway station (French: Gare de Watermael) or Watermaal railway station (Dutch: Station Watermaal) is a railway station in the municipality of Watermael-Boitsfort in Brussels, Belgium, operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB). The station is located on line 161, between Etterbeek and Boitsfort railway stations. It has been painted many times by the famous painter Paul Delvaux.
Califon, New Jersey
Califon is a borough in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 1,005, a decrease of 71 (−6.6%) from the 2010 census count of 1,076, which in turn reflected an increase of 21 (+2.0%) from the 1,055 counted in the 2000 census.

The borough's name is said to have been inspired by the California gold rush of 1849. The name was shortened to Califon, supposedly because the longer name could not be fit on signs at the train station.

County Route 513 (New Jersey)
County Route 513 (CR 513) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 66.83 miles (107.55 km) from Kingwood Avenue (Route 12) in Frenchtown to Lakeside Road (CR 511) in West Milford. South of Frenchtown, the road continues as Route 29. It is the third longest county route in New Jersey, following CR 519 and CR 527.
County Roscommon
County Roscommon (Irish: Contae Ros Comáin) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the province of Connacht and the Northern and Western Region. It is the 11th largest Irish county by area and 26th most populous. Its county town and largest town is Roscommon. Roscommon County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,259 as of the 2022 census.

Roosky
Roosky, Ruskey, or Rooskey (Irish: Rúscaigh, meaning 'swamp' or 'bog') is a village on the River Shannon in the northern midlands of Ireland, near the point where counties Leitrim, Longford, and Roscommon meet. The N4 road from Dublin to Sligo passes by the Leitrim side of the village.
Charles II, Duke of Brunswick
Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (German: Karl II, Herzog von Braunschweig; 30 October 1804 – 18 August 1873), ruled the Duchy of Brunswick from 1815 until 1830. Today he is best remembered for being on the losing side of the "Opera Game," defeated by American chess master Paul Morphy in one of the most famous chess games ever played.

House of Welf
The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th century to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconian family from the Meuse-Moselle area was closely related to the imperial family of the Carolingians.
Hainesburg, New Jersey
Hainesburg is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Knowlton Township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. While the community has existed for over a century, the CDP was designated as part of the 2010 United States census. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP's population was 91.

Knowlton Township, New Jersey
Knowlton Township is a township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 2,894, a decrease of 161 (−5.3%) from the 2010 census count of 3,055, which in turn reflected an increase of 78 (+2.6%) from the 2,977 counted in the 2000 census.
Cadaveric spasm
Cadaveric spasm, also known as postmortem spasm, instantaneous rigor mortis, cataleptic rigidity, or instantaneous rigidity, is a rare form of muscular stiffening that occurs at the moment of death and persists into the period of rigor mortis. Cadaveric spasm can be distinguished from rigor mortis as the former is a stronger stiffening of the muscles that cannot be easily undone, while rigor mortis can. Unlike rigor mortis, cadaveric spasms are believed to be an ante-mortem phenomenon.

The cause is unknown but is usually associated with violent deaths under extreme physical circumstances with intense emotion, such as the circumstances associated with death via combustion.

Rigor mortis
Rigor mortis (from Latin  rigor 'stiffness' and  mortis 'of death'), or postmortem rigidity, is the fourth stage of death. It is one of the recognizable signs of death, characterized by stiffening of the limbs of the corpse caused by chemical changes in the muscles postmortem (mainly calcium). In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as four hours after death.
Boreosolifugae
Boreosolifugae is a suborder of animals in the order Solifugae. In 2023, the internal phylogeny of solifuges was resolved for the first time using phylogenomics. The molecular phylogeny of the order showed evidence for two groups of families, which were recognized as suborders. Boreosolifugae comprises five families, predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere:

Eremobatidae Kraepelin, 1901

Galeodidae Sundevall, 1833

Gylippidae Roewer, 1933

Karschiidae Kraepelin, 1899

Rhagodidae Pocock, 1897

The taxonomy of the Protosolpugidae remains uncertain.

Solifugae
Solifugae is an order of arachnids known variously as solifuges, sun spiders, camel spiders, and wind scorpions. The order includes more than 1,000 described species in about 147 genera. Despite their common names, they differ from both order Araneae (spiders) and order Scorpiones (scorpions). Most species of solifuges live in dry climates and feed opportunistically on ground-dwelling arthropods and other small animals. The largest species grow to a length of 12–15 cm (5–6 in), including legs. A number of urban legends exaggerate the size and speed of solifuges, and their potential danger to humans, which is negligible.
Tor di Valle Racecourse
Hippodrome of Tor di Valle (Italian: Ippodromo Tor di Valle) was an important horse racing venue in the city of Rome. The hippodrome took its name from the area in which it was located and included a racetrack, a training track and a right track. It was one of the biggest of its kind in Europe.

Because of its size it often became a location for cultural, musical and social events in the city.

The hippodrome was closed in 2013 after an agreement that the new stadium of AS Roma and a business park with skyscrapers by Daniel Libeskind will be built on its place.

However, on 26 February 2021, it was announced that the project in the Tor di Valle area was halted indefinitely.

New AS Roma Stadium
The New A.S. Roma Stadium is a football stadium to be built in Rome, Italy for use by A.S. Roma, which is expected to succeed their current stadium, Stadio Olimpico, from 2030.

The 60,605-seat stadium is planned to be built in the Pietralata area, which is served by Roma Tiburtina for high-speed rail and Quintiliani on Line B on the Rome Metro. Additions to existing transport links and extensions to other services, including on the FL1 railway, are planned to be built to serve the stadium and its wider complex, which is set to include entertainment and shopping facilities, and Roma's training center.
Gilund
Gilund is a village and an archaeological site located in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan state in western India.  It is one of five ancient sites excavated in the Ahar-Banas Complex which also includes the sites of Ahar, Ojiyana, Marmi, and Balathal. Out of the 111 reported sites found in the Ahar-Banas Complex, Gilund is the largest. The archaeological site was named after the present-day village, Gilund, and is locally known as Modiya Magari which means "bald habitation mound".

Ahar–Banas culture
The Ahar culture, also known as the Banas culture is a Chalcolithic archaeological culture on the banks of the Ahar River of southeastern Rajasthan state in India, lasting from c. 3000 to 1500 BCE, contemporary and adjacent to the Indus Valley civilization. Situated along the Banas and Berach Rivers, as well as the Ahar River, the Ahar–Banas people were exploiting the copper ores of the Aravalli Range to make axes and other artefacts. They were sustained on a number of crops, including wheat and barley.
Theale
Theale (/ˈθiːəl, ˈθiːl/) is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England. It is 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Reading and 10 miles (16 km) east of Thatcham. The compact parish is bounded to the south and south-east by the Kennet & Avon Canal (which here incorporates the River Kennet), to the north by a golf course, to the east by the M4 motorway and to the west by the A340 road.

Theale Green School
Theale Green School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with  academy status, located in the village of Theale, Berkshire, England.

The school has 721 pupils on roll, 99 of whom are in the sixth form.
2025 United Cup
The 2025 United Cup was the third edition of the United Cup, an international outdoor hard court mixed-gender team tennis tournament held by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Serving as the opener for the 2025 ATP Tour and the 2025 WTA Tour, it was held from 27 December 2024 to 5 January 2025 at two venues in the Australian cities of Perth and Sydney. It offered both ATP rankings and WTA rankings points to its players: a player was able to win a maximum of 500 points.

Team United States won their second title, after defeating Team Poland 2–0 in the final. Team Germany was the defending champion, but were defeated in the quarterfinals by Team Kazakhstan.

2025 ATP Tour
The 2025 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2025 tennis season. The 2025 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP 500, the ATP 250, and the United Cup (organized with the WTA). Also included in the 2025 calendar are the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), Next Gen ATP Finals, Hopman Cup and Laver Cup, none of which distribute ranking points.
Dietmar-Hopp-Stadion
The Dietmar-Hopp-Stadion (German pronunciation: [ˌdiːtmaʁˈhɔpˌʃtaːdi̯ɔn]) is a football ground in the Hoffenheim district of Sinsheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The 6,350-capacity stadium is the home of 1899 Hoffenheim II and the Hoffenheim women's section. It had been home to the Hoffenheim senior men's side until their promotion to the First Bundesliga for 2008–09. It is named after SAP SE co-founder and 1899 Hoffenheim chairman, Dietmar Hopp.

As the stadium does not meet the standards for the First Bundesliga, it has been replaced by the Rhein-Neckar Arena.

TSG 1899 Hoffenheim (women)
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim Frauen is the German women's football club based in Hoffenheim, a village of Sinsheim municipality, Baden-Württemberg, inside the Rhine-Neckar. Since 2013, the club plays in the Bundesliga, the highest level of football in Germany.
Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (before 1954)
The evolution of tectonophysics is closely linked to the history of the continental drift and plate tectonics hypotheses. The continental drift/ Airy-Heiskanen isostasy hypothesis had many flaws and scarce data. The fixist/ Pratt-Hayford isostasy, the contracting Earth and the expanding Earth concepts had many flaws as well.

The idea of continents with a permanent location, the geosyncline theory, the Pratt-Hayford isostasy, the extrapolation of the age of the Earth by Lord Kelvin as a black body cooling down, the contracting Earth, the Earth as a solid and crystalline body, is one school of thought. A lithosphere creeping over the asthenosphere is a logical consequence of an Earth with internal heat by radioactivity decay, the Airy-Heiskanen isostasy, thrust faults and Niskanen's mantle viscosity determinations.

Geophysical global cooling
Before the concept of plate tectonics, global cooling was a geophysical theory by James Dwight Dana, also referred to as the contracting earth theory.  It suggested that the Earth had been in a molten state, and features such as mountains formed as it cooled and shrank.  As the interior of the Earth cooled and shrank, the rigid crust would have to shrink and crumple.  The crumpling could produce features such as mountain ranges.
Yield protection
Yield protection is a verified admissions practice in which an academic institution rejects or delays the acceptance of highly qualified students on the grounds that such students are likely to be accepted by, and then enroll in, more selective institutions. The purpose of the practice is to increase yield, a statistic that reflects the proportion of students that accept their admissions offer.

Some critics of the theory hold that it is a myth propagated by anxious college applicants to cope with rejection. This view proposes that, rather than yield protection, it is actually negative subjective factors in an application that may contribute to a rejection, despite the applicant's strong qualifications.

Yield (college admissions)
Yield (also known as the yield rate or matriculation rate) is a statistic in college admissions that measures the percentage of applicants to an institution who, having been offered admission, accept the offer. It is calculated by dividing the number of students who enroll at an institution in a given year by the total number of admission offers sent. For example, an institution that makes 5,000 offers of admission in a particular year, but that enrolls 2,000 students that year, is said to have a yield of 40%. The yield rate is usually calculated once per year.
Mānuka
Mānuka (Māori pronunciation: [ˈmaːnʉka]; Leptospermum scoparium) is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, native to New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands) and south-east Australia. Bees produce mānuka honey from its nectar.

The Latin specific epithet scoparium means 'like broom', referring to Northern Hemisphere genera such as Genista and Cytisus which it superficially resembles, but to which it is only distantly related.

Kunzea ericoides
Kunzea ericoides, commonly known as kānuka or white tea-tree, is a tree or shrub in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It has white or pink flowers similar to those of Leptospermum and from its first formal description in 1832 until 1983 was known as Leptospermum ericoides. The flowers have five petals and up to 25 stamens which are mostly longer than the petals.
Kert Toobal
Kert Toobal (born 3 June 1979) is a former Estonian volleyball player, a long-term captain of the Estonia men's national volleyball team. After retiring from active sport Toobal took up the sporting director position in the Estonian Volleyball Federation.

Tartu Volleyball
BIGBANK Tartu is an Estonian professional volleyball club based in Tartu, Estonia, that competes in the  Baltic Men Volleyball League.

Founded in 1999, the team has won 6 Baltic League championships, 6 Estonian League championships and 6 Estonian Cups.

The team plays its home games at University of Tartu Sports Hall.
Kvernesfjorden
Kvernesfjorden is a fjord between the municipalities of Gjemnes, Kristiansund, Averøy, and Hustadvika in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The fjord is about 22 kilometres (14 mi) long.

The fjord begins at the end of the Kornstadfjorden near the village of Eide and runs to the northeast between the island of Averøya and the north shore of the Romsdal peninsula. It then turns to the north around the end of the island of Averøya where it connects to the Bremsnesfjorden. The fjord name comes from the village of Kvernes (and the old Kvernes Municipality) since that is where the old Kvernes Stave Church is located. The village lies along the eastern entrance to the fjord.

Kvernes
Kvernes is a village in Averøy Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located on the east coast of the island of Averøya, along the Kvernesfjorden. County Road 247 runs through the village.
Starvation (computer science)
In computer science, resource starvation is a problem encountered in concurrent computing where a process is perpetually denied necessary resources to process its work. Starvation may be caused by errors in a scheduling or mutual exclusion algorithm, but can also be caused by resource leaks, and can be intentionally caused via a denial-of-service attack such as a fork bomb.

When starvation is impossible in a concurrent algorithm, the algorithm is called starvation-free, lockout-freed or said to have finite bypass. This property is an instance of liveness, and is one of the two requirements for any mutual exclusion algorithm; the other being correctness. The name "finite bypass" means that any process (concurrent part) of the algorithm is bypassed at most a finite number times before being allowed access to the shared resource.

Scheduling (computing)
In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning resources to perform tasks. The resources may be processors, network links or expansion cards. The tasks may be threads, processes or data flows.

The scheduling activity is carried out by a mechanism called a scheduler. Schedulers are often designed so as to keep all computer resources busy (as in load balancing), allow multiple users to share system resources effectively, or to achieve a target quality-of-service.

Scheduling is fundamental to computation itself, and an intrinsic part of the execution model of a computer system; the concept of scheduling makes it possible to have computer multitasking with a single central processing unit (CPU).