hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taylor County, West Virginia
Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,705. Its county seat is Grafton. The county was formed in 1844 and named for Senator John Taylor of Caroline. Taylor County is part of the Clarksburg, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Marion County, West Virginia
Marion County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 56,205 and its county seat is Fairmont. The county was named in honor of General Francis Marion (ca. 1732–1795), known to history as "The Swamp Fox". Marion County comprises the Fairmont, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger Morgantown–Fairmont, WV Combined Statistical Area.
Rocky Run Township, Illinois
Rocky Run Township was a township in Hancock County, Illinois, USA.  As of the 2010 census, its population was 158 and it contained 60 housing units. In November 2016, the township voted to merge with Wilcox Township due to low population. It is now part of Rocky Run-Wilcox Township.

Rocky Run-Wilcox Township, Illinois
Rocky Run-Wilcox Township is one of the twenty-four townships in Hancock County, Illinois, United States. It was created after a referendum merged Wilcox Township and Rock Run Township. As of the 2020 census, its population was 282 and it contained 149 housing units.
Terregles House
Terregles House was a late 18th-century country house, located near Terregles, in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire around 2 miles west of Dumfries in Scotland.  It replaced an earlier tower house, which had served as the seat of the Lords Herries, and later the Earls of Nithsdale, until William Maxwell, the 5th Earl, forfeited his titles in 1716.

William Maxwell, 5th Earl of Nithsdale
William Maxwell, 5th Earl of Nithsdale (1676 – 2 March 1744), was a Roman Catholic member of the Scottish nobility who took part in the Jacobite rising of 1715. He was attainted with his titles forfeited. However, Lord Nithsdale made a celebrated escape from the Tower of London by changing clothes with his wife's maid the day before he was due to be executed. The lordship of Herries of Terregles was later restored to his descendants and remains extant.
Zarneh
Zarneh (Persian: زرنه) is a city in, and the capital of, Zarneh District of Eyvan County, Ilam province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Zarneh Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Taran.

Zarneh Rural District
Zarneh Rural District (Persian: دهستان زرنه) is in Zarneh District of Eyvan County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Taran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Zarneh, now a city.
Durand de la Penne-class destroyer
The Durand de la Penne class are two guided-missile destroyers operated by the Italian Navy. The design is an enlarged version of the Audace class, updated with diesel and gas turbine CODOG machinery and modern sensors. Four ships were planned but the second pair were cancelled when Italy joined the Horizon project.

Mark 13 missile launcher
The Mark 13 guided missile launching system (GMLS) is a single-arm missile launcher designed for use on frigates and other military vessels. Because of its distinctive single-armed design, the Mark 13 is often referred to as the "one-armed bandit".

The Mark 13 is equipped to fire the RIM-66 Standard, RGM-84 Harpoon, and RIM-24 Tartar missiles for anti-air and anti-ship defense, and is capable of firing the Standard at a rate of one every eight seconds. Its 40-round magazine consists of two concentric rings of vertically stored missiles, 24 in the outer ring and 16 in the inner. Total capacity was reduced by 1 due to a requirement to carry a Guided Missile Training Round (GMTR) in order to test system functionality. In case of a fire, the system is equipped with magazine sprinkling, CO2 suppression and booster suppression. It is also equipped with a dud jettison function to eject a round overboard if it fails to fire.
Krasnoarmeysky District, Chuvash Republic
Krasnoarmeysky District (Russian: Красноарме́йский райо́н; Chuvash: Красноармейски районӗ, Krasnoarmeyski rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Cheboksarsky District in the north, Tsivilsky District in the northeast, Kanashsky and Vurnarsky Districts in the south, and with Alikovsky and Morgaushsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 456.3 square kilometers (176.2 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnoarmeyskoye. Population:  16,036 (2010 Census); 17,940 (2002 Census); 19,693 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasnoarmeyskoye accounts for 26.6% of the district's total population.

Tsivilsky District
Tsivilsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic and borders with Cheboksarsky District in the north and northwest, Mariinsko-Posadsky District in the northeast, Kanashsky District in the south, and with Krasnoarmeysky District in the west. The area of the district is 790.8 square kilometers (305.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tsivilsk. Population:  36,772 (2010 Census); 38,744 (2002 Census); 37,581 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Tsivilsk accounts for 36.7% of the district's total population.
Pyotr Nikolayevich Gruzinsky
Prince Petre Nikolozis Dze Gruzinsky (31 December [O.S. 19 December] 1837 — 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1892), russified as Pyotr Nikolayevich Gruzinsky, was a Russian painter of royal Georgian origin, primarily known for his military and genre pictures

He was the son of Prince Nikoloz Gruzinsky and a scion of Mukhrani royal line of the Bagrationi dynasty that had moved to Imperial Russia in the 18th century. Pyotr Nikolayevich Gruzinsky was the last direct male descendant of King Vakhtang VI of Kartli and the last in the Mukhrani royal line.

Nikoloz Gruzinsky
Prince Nikoloz Iakobis Dze Bagration-Gruzinsky (Georgian: ნიკოლოზ იაკობის ძე ბაგრატიონი გრუზინსკი) (1783–1861) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) of Bagrationi dynasty.

He was the son of Iakob Gruzinsky. In 1812–1823, he served as Valet de chambre.

Prince Iakob had 4 children:

Aleksandra Gruzinsky (died 1888)

Constantine Gruzinsky (died 1884)

Ivane Gruzinsky (1831–1898)

Pyotr Gruzinsky (1840–1892)

He was buried at Vagankovo Cemetery in Moscow.
Musashi Kokufu
The Musashi Provincial Capital ruins (武蔵国府跡, Musashi kokufu ato) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Nara to Heian period government administrative complex located in what is now part of the city of Fuchū, Tokyo in the Kantō region of Japan. Identified as the ruins of the kokufu (provincial capital) of Musashi Province, the site has been protected as a National Historic Site from 2009.

Musashi Province
Musashi Province (武蔵国, Musashi no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [mɯꜜ.sa.ɕi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan, which today comprises Tokyo Metropolis, most of Saitama Prefecture and part of Kanagawa Prefecture. It was sometimes called Bushū (武州). The province encompassed Kawasaki and Yokohama. Musashi bordered on Kai, Kōzuke, Sagami, Shimōsa, and Shimotsuke Provinces.

Musashi was the largest province in the Kantō region.
Hopewell, New York
Hopewell is a town in Ontario County, New York, United States. The population was 3,931 at the 2020 census.

The Town of Hopewell is in the north central part of the county, east of the City of Canandaigua.

Ontario County, New York
Ontario County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 112,458. The county seat is Canandaigua. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Ontario County is part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.

In 2006, Progressive Farmer rated Ontario County as the "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., for its "great schools, low crime, excellent health care" and its proximity to Rochester.
Chesterton Range National Park
Chesterton Range is a national park in South West Queensland, Australia, 585 km west of Brisbane. It is located north east of Morven in both the locality of Redford in the Maranoa Region and Tyrconnel in the Shire of Murweh.  It lies in the water catchment areas of three waterways.  These are the Warrego River, Wallam Creek and the Maranoa River.  The park protects part of the Brigalow Belt South bioregion.  To the north and the west of the park is Orkadilla State Forest. The average elevation of the terrain is 544 metres.

The park features a small two-room homestead.  The pastoral holding was abandoned in 1937.  13 rare or threatened species have been identified in the national park.  This includes a colony of the vulnerable yakka skink, then woma python, red goshawk, grey falcon, koala and others.

South West Queensland
South West Queensland is a remote region in the Australian state of Queensland which covers 319,808 km2 (123,479 sq mi). The region lies to the south of Central West Queensland and west of the Darling Downs and includes the Maranoa district and parts of the Channel Country.  The area is noted for its cattle grazing, cotton farming, opal mining and oil and gas deposits.

At the federal level the whole region is encompassed by the Division of Maranoa. Local Government areas included in the region are Maranoa Region, Shire of Balonne, Shire of Paroo, Shire of Murweh, Shire of Bulloo and the Shire of Quilpie. South West Queensland has a population of 26,489.

The region is serviced by the ABC Western Queensland radio station.
Lakeview station (Oregon)
The Nevada–California–Oregon Railway Passenger Station (also known as the Lakeview Depot) is a historic train station in Lakeview, Oregon, United States.  It was built in 1912 by contractor I. A. Underwood from plans by architect Frederic DeLongchamps.  It was the northern terminus of the Nevada–California–Oregon Railway.  The Southern Pacific Railroad company owned and operated the depot from 1928 until 1975, when it was closed.  Since 1978, the building has been used as a law office and later a private residence.  Because of its importance to local history, the depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Frederic Joseph DeLongchamps
Frederic Joseph DeLongchamps (June 2, 1882 – February 11, 1969) was an American architect. He was one of Nevada's most prolific architects, yet is notable for entering the architectural profession with no extensive formal training. He has also been known as Frederick J. DeLongchamps, and was described by the latter name in an extensive review of the historic importance of his works which led to many of them being listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in the 1980s.
Charles Wilson, 2nd Baron Nunburnholme
Charles Henry Wellesley Wilson, 2nd Baron Nunburnholme (24 January 1875 – 15 August 1924), was a British peer, and one of the heirs to the Thomas Wilson Sons & Co., a Hull-based shipping company that built a near-monopoly over affordable travel packages from Scandinavia and the Baltic. He was an officer in the Volunteers and saw active service in the Second Boer War and World War I. During the later war he was distinguished for the number of new units that he recruited for the war effort, notably the "Hull Pals".

1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
The 1st Hull Heavy Battery was a unit of the British Army in World War I recruited from Kingston upon Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire. It was the first unit of the Royal Garrison Artillery raised for 'Kitchener's Army' and it went on to serve as a howitzer battery in the East African Campaign and as a siege battery on the Western Front.
Siege of Chartres (1568)
The siege of Chartres (28 February – 15 March 1568) was a key event of the second French Wars of Religion. The siege saw the Huguenot forces fail to take the heavily defended town, ultimately concluding the second civil war in a negotiated settlement a week later. One of the very few engagements in the second civil war, the siege was led by Louis, Prince of Condé, fresh off regrouping after his defeat at the Battle of Saint-Denis. The defensive efforts were run by the military governor of Chartres, Nicolas des Essars, Sieur de Linières.

Peace of Longjumeau
The Peace of Longjumeau (also known as the Treaty of Longjumeau or the Edict of Longjumeau) was signed on 23 March 1568 by Charles IX of France and Catherine de' Medici. The edict brought to an end the brief second war of the French Wars of Religion with terms that largely confirmed those of the prior edict of Amboise. Unlike the previous edict, it would not be sent to the Parlements to examine prior to its publication, due to what the crown had felt was obstructionism the last time. The edict would not last, however, as it was overturned later in the year by the Edict of Saint-Maur which outlawed Protestantism at the beginning of the third war of religion.
Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts
The Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts (Latin: Diœcesis Campifontis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in Western Massachusetts in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Boston.

The mother church of the diocese is St. Michael's Cathedral in Springfield. As of 2024, the bishop is William Draper Byrne.

Pope Francis Preparatory School
Pope Francis Preparatory School is a Catholic co-educational college-preparatory high school in Springfield, Massachusetts.

The school was originally opened as Cathedral High School in 1883 by the Sisters of Saint Joseph at St. Michael's Cathedral. In 2011, the school's building was destroyed by a tornado. A few years later in 2015, it was announced that it would merge with Holyoke Catholic High School in Chicopee to form a new regional Catholic school. The new building was completed in 2016 and reopened as Pope Francis High School. The school was later renamed to the current moniker. The school's current building is on the site of the original Cathedral High School.
Čapljina
Čapljina (Cyrillic: Чапљина, pronounced [t͡ʃâpʎina]) is a city located in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located on the border with Croatia a mere 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Adriatic Sea.

The river Neretva flows through the city and flows into the Adriatic just over the border. The town's landmark is a statue of King Tomislav. The Church of Saint Francis of Assisi is also a prominent facet of the city. The city coat of arms contains the Croatian checkerboard, the nearby tower in Počitelj, and Saint Francis of Assisi.

The city has a rich archaeological history and untouched wilderness and is starting to develop agricultural tourism. It is also home to Hutovo Blato Park, which contains one of the most diverse bird populations in all Europe. The Croatian town of Metković is located just over the border and there are significant commercial and other links between the two towns.

Počitelj
Počitelj is a settlement and a historic village in the Čapljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It's part of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its walled nucleus is protected National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina and an open-air museum. The settlement is situated on the left bank of the river Neretva, on the main road Mostar-Metković.
2010 World Matchplay
The 2010 Stanjames.com World Matchplay was the 17th annual staging of the World Matchplay, organised by the Professional Darts Corporation. The tournament took place from 17 to 25 July 2010.

Phil Taylor successfully defended his title, defeating Raymond van Barneveld in the final to win his eleventh World Matchplay. Van Barneveld also hit only the second ever nine-dart finish at the World Matchplay in his first round victory over Denis Ovens.

The final of the 2010 PDC Women's World Darts Championship took place at this event, with Stacy Bromberg defeating Tricia Wright by a score of 6 legs to 5.

World Matchplay (darts)
The World Matchplay, also known as the Betfred World Matchplay for sponsorship purposes, is a professional darts tournament and one of three legs of the Triple Crown. It is played in a legs format, and is run by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Luke Littler is the current champion after winning the 2025 edition.
Hackensack University Medical Center
Hackensack University Medical Center (HUMC) is a 950-bed non-profit, research and teaching hospital providing tertiary and healthcare needs located seven miles (11 km) west of New York City, in Hackensack, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of 2019, it ranks as the second-largest hospital in New Jersey and No. 59 in the US. HUMC is the largest hospital in the Hackensack Meridian Health Health System. It is affiliated with the New Jersey Medical School of Rutgers University and Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine. The medical center was founded in 1888 as Bergen County's first hospital, with 12 beds. The hospital is an ACS verified level 1 trauma center, one of five in the state. In 2021 it was given a grade A by the Leapfrog patient safety organization.

New Jersey Medical School
New Jersey Medical School (NJMS) is the medical school of Rutgers University, a public university in Newark, New Jersey. It has been part of the Rutgers Health since the 2013 dissolution of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. Founded in 1954, NJMS is the oldest school of medicine in New Jersey.
Enzyme promiscuity
Enzyme promiscuity is the ability of an enzyme to catalyze an unexpected side reaction in addition to its main reaction. Although enzymes are remarkably specific catalysts, they can often perform side reactions in addition to their main, native catalytic activity. These wild activities are usually slow relative to the main activity and are under neutral selection. Despite ordinarily being physiologically irrelevant, under new selective pressures, these activities may confer a fitness benefit therefore prompting the evolution of the formerly promiscuous activity to become the new main activity. An example of this is the atrazine chlorohydrolase (atzA encoded) from Pseudomonas sp. ADP evolved from melamine deaminase (triA encoded), which has very small promiscuous activity toward atrazine, a man-made chemical.

Evolution by gene duplication
Evolution by gene duplication is an event by which a gene or part of a gene can have two identical copies that can not be distinguished from each other.   This phenomenon is understood to be an important source of novelty in evolution, providing for an expanded repertoire of molecular activities.  The underlying mutational event of duplication may be a conventional gene duplication mutation within a chromosome, or a larger-scale event involving whole chromosomes (aneuploidy) or whole genomes (polyploidy). A classic view, owing to Susumu Ohno,  which is known as Ohno model, he explains how duplication creates redundancy, the redundant copy accumulates beneficial mutations which provides fuel for innovation. Knowledge of evolution by gene duplication has advanced more rapidly in the past 15 years due to new genomic data, more powerful computational methods of comparative inference, and new evolutionary models.
IC Voicestream
IC Voicestream is one of the six officially recognized a cappella groups at Ithaca College. Founded in 2002 by Simon Baumer, Paul Canetti, Marissa De Vito, and Jessica Kupiec, the group is known as the college's premier a cappella group. The group performs strictly contemporary pop and rock songs.

Ithaca College
Ithaca College is a private college in Ithaca, New York, United States. It was founded by William Egbert in 1892 as a conservatory of music. Ithaca College provides media-related programs and entertainment programs within the Roy H. Park School of Communications and the Ithaca College School of Music, Theatre, and Dance. The college has a liberal arts focus, and offers several pre-professional programs, along with several graduate programs, mainly in business, health sciences, and teaching degrees through the School of Humanities and Sciences.
Spearfisherman (company)
Spearfisherman was a company that made dry suits and fins. Located in Huntington Beach, California, Arthur Brown started it in or before 1945 and sold it to Swimaster in about 1955, which, in turn, was sold to the Voit Rubber Company in the early 1960s.

Swimaster was one of the five original United States diving equipment manufacturers: U.S. Divers, Healthways, Voit, Dacor, and Swimaster.

Johnson Outdoors
Johnson Outdoors Inc. (Nasdaq: JOUT) produces outdoor recreational products such as watercraft, diving equipment, camping gear, and outdoor clothing. It has operations in 24 locations worldwide, employs 1,400 people and reports sales of more than $315 million. Helen Johnson-Leipold, one of Samuel Curtis Johnson, Jr.'s four children, has run the company since 1999.
John of Aragon (patriarch)
John of Aragon (1304–1334, Pobo, Saragossa) was a prince of Aragon. He was the son of James II of Aragon and his second wife Blanche of Anjou. He was archbishop of Toledo from 1319 until 1328. He became archbishop of Tarragona in 1327 and Latin Patriarch of Alexandria in 1328, holding both posts until his death.

With his generous donation the Carthusian monastery of Scala Dei in southern Catalonia could double its seize and build a second cloister with twelve cells in 1333.

Archdiocese of Toledo
The Archdiocese of Toledo (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Toletana) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Spain. They are also the Primates of Spain. It was, according to tradition, established in the 1st century by James the Great and was elevated to an archdiocese in 313 after the Edict of Milan. The incumbent Metropolitan Archbishop also bears the title Primate of Spain and since 1937 the title General Vicar of the Armies (but the pastoral care for the Spanish armed forces is now provided, since 1986, by the Military Archbishopric of Spain)
Whistler Olympic and Paralympic Village
The Whistler Olympic and Paralympic Village was a 2010 Winter Olympics facility in the resort town of Whistler, British Columbia.  The Olympic Village is considered one of Whistler's legacy projects, in that it is being used after the Olympics to help house and train Canadian athletes.  Whistler is one of the two host communities for the Games.  The site of this athletes' village is in the Cheakamus Valley approximately 20 minutes south of the Whistler Mountain competition venues, and 6 km from the highway cutoff for the Whistler Olympic Park sliding events venue in the Callaghan Valley.

The village held 2,400 athletes and officials.  The athletes and officials housed in this village participated in the events held at the Whistler Olympic Park, Whistler Creekside and the Whistler Sliding Centre.  The cost of the village was estimated at 32 million dollars.  It consists of a 100-room lodge and a 20-unit townhouse complex.

Whistler, British Columbia
Whistler is a resort municipality in Squamish-Lillooet Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains, approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) north of Vancouver and 36 km (22 mi) south of Pemberton. It has a permanent population of approximately 13,982 (2021), and 3,241 seasonal residents (estimated).

Over two million people visit Whistler annually, primarily for alpine skiing and snowboarding and, in the summer, mountain biking at Whistler Blackcomb. Its pedestrian village has won numerous design awards, and Whistler has been voted among the top destinations in North America by major ski magazines since the mid-1990s. During the 2010 Winter Olympics, Whistler hosted most of the alpine, Nordic, luge, skeleton, and bobsled events.