hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (/ˈbʊlwər/; 25 May 1803 – 18 January 1873) was an English writer and politician. He served as a Whig member of Parliament from 1831 to 1841 and a Conservative from 1851 to 1866. He was Secretary of State for the Colonies from June 1858 to June 1859, as which he selected Richard Clement Moody to found British Columbia. He was created Baron Lytton of Knebworth in 1866.

Bulwer-Lytton's works were well known in his time. He coined famous phrases like "pursuit of the almighty dollar", "the pen is mightier than the sword", "dweller on the threshold", "the great unwashed", and the opening phrase (incipit) "It was a dark and stormy night." The sardonic Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, held annually from 1982 to 2024, claims to seek the "opening sentence of the worst of all possible novels".

Vril
Vril: The Power of the Coming Race, originally published as The Coming Race, is a novel by English politician and writer Edward Bulwer-Lytton, published anonymously in 1871.

Some readers have believed the account of a superior subterranean master race and the energy-form called "Vril", at least in part; some theosophists, notably Helena Blavatsky, William Scott-Elliot, and Rudolf Steiner, accepted the book as based on occult truth, in part. One 1960 book, The Morning of the Magicians by Jacques Bergier and Louis Pauwels, suggested that a secret Vril Society existed in Weimar Berlin.

The name "Vril" may be based on the word virile.
2006 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2006 MAC men's basketball tournament, a part of the 2005-06 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, took place from March 6–March 11, 2006 at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland. The March 6 first-round games were held at the higher seeds home arenas. Its winner received the Mid-American Conference's automatic bid to the 2006 NCAA tournament. It is a single-elimination tournament with four rounds and the four highest seeds received byes in the first round. All MAC teams were invited to participate. Kent State, the MAC regular season winner, received the number one seed in the tournament. Kent State defeated seventh-seeded Toledo in the final. In the NCAA tournament they lost in the first round to Pittsburgh.

2005–06 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team
The 2005–06 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team represented Kent State University as a member of the Mid-American Conference during the 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by fourth-year head coach Jim Christian, the Flashes reached the NCAA tournament under the third different head coach in a six-year span. After finishing atop the MAC East division in the regular season standings, Kent State won the MAC tournament to receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Playing as the No. 12 seed in the Oakland region, Kent State lost to No. 5 seed Pittsburgh in the opening round. The team finished the season with a record of 25–9 (15–3 MAC).
Bas-Uélé
Bas-Uélé (French for "Lower Uélé") is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Bas-Uélé, Haut-Uélé, Ituri, and Tshopo provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Orientale Province.  Bas-Uélé was formed from the Bas-Uele District whose town of Buta was elevated to capital city of the new province.

Haut-Uélé
Haut-Uélé (French for "Upper Uélé") is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Haut-Uélé, Bas-Uélé, Ituri, and Tshopo provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Orientale province.  Haut-Uélé was formed from the Haut-Uélé district whose town of Isiro was elevated to capital city of the new province.
Holderness, New Hampshire
Holderness is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,004 at the 2020 census. An agricultural and resort area, Holderness is home to the Squam Lakes Natural Science Center and is located on Squam Lake. Holderness is also home to Holderness School, a co-educational college-preparatory boarding school.

Squam Lakes Natural Science Center
Squam Lakes Natural Science Center (SLNSC) is an environmental education center and zoo founded in 1966 and opened to the public on July 1, 1969. The science center is located in Holderness, New Hampshire, United States. The mission of the science center is to advance understanding of ecology by exploring New Hampshire's natural world.

The science center uses live animal exhibits, natural science education programs, and lake cruises to educate visitors about the natural world. Using the outdoors as a classroom and native New Hampshire animals as teaching ambassadors, the science center teaches the ecological concepts of adaptations, populations, interrelationships, and habitats.
Meridian Charter Township, Michigan
Meridian Charter Township is a charter township of Ingham County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 43,916.

The township is named after the Michigan meridian, which comprises the eastern border of the township.  The township contains the unincorporated communities of Haslett and Okemos.  Bordering East Lansing to the west, Meridian Charter Township is the third-largest municipality within the Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area.

Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area
The Lansing–East Lansing Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan area located in Central Michigan defined by the Office of Management and Budget, and encompassing the counties of Eaton, Clinton, and Ingham. The region is colloquially referred to as "Mid" or Central Michigan, and less often as "Greater Lansing" or the "Capital Area". As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 473,203. It ranks as Michigan's third-largest metropolitan area behind metropolitan Detroit and Grand Rapids.
Ilha de Santana
Ilha de Santana is an island and district in the Brazilian municipality of Santana, in the state of Amapá. It is located in the Amazon River across the city of Santana. The island measures 2,005 hectares (4,950 acres).

Santana, Amapá
Santana (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃ˈtɐnɐ]) is a municipality located in the southeast of the state of Amapá in Brazil. Its population is 123,096 and its area is 1,541 square kilometres (595 square miles), which makes it the smallest municipality of Amapá.  Santana is a suburb of Macapá, the state capital, and the two cities make up the Metropolitan Area of Macapá. Its location is nearly on the equator.  The planet's second longest river, the Amazon is to the south.

Santana was historically a part of Macapá. In 1981 it was elevated to the category of a District of Macapá. It became a separate municipality in the state of Amapá on 1 January 1982.
Barrettão
Estádio Manoel Dantas Barretto or Barrettão, as it is usually called is a stadium located in Ceará-Mirim, Brazil. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Globo. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 10,000 people.

Globo Futebol Clube
Globo Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as Globo, is a Brazilian professional club based in Ceará-Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte founded on 18 October 2012. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Potiguar, the top flight of the Rio Grande do Norte state football league.

Globo is currently ranked third among Rio Grande do Norte teams in CBF's national club ranking, at 82nd place overall.
The Busy World of Richard Scarry
The Busy World of Richard Scarry is an animated children's television series, produced by CINAR Films and France Animation in association with Paramount Television, that aired from 1994 to 1996, first on Showtime, later on Nickelodeon, and ran for 65 episodes. The television series was based on the books drawn and written by Richard Scarry.

Richard Scarry
Richard McClure Scarry (/ˈskæriː/; June 5, 1919 – April 30, 1994) was an American children's author and illustrator who published over 300 books with total sales of over 100 million worldwide. He is best known for his Best Ever book series that take place primarily in the fictional town of Busytown, "which is populated by friendly and helpful resident [animals...such as] Mr. Frumble, Huckle Cat, Mr. Fixit, Lowly Worm, and others..." The series spawned a media franchise.
Isobel Bennett
Isobel Ida Bennett AO 1984 (9 July 1909 – 12 January 2008) was one of Australia's best-known marine biologists. She (with Elizabeth Pope) assisted William John Dakin with research for his final book (Australian Seashores) regarded by many as "the definitive guide on the intertidal zone, and a recommended source of information to divers". Following Dakin's death in 1950, she saw the book through to publication in 1952, and she continued to revise and reprint it with a complete revision in 1980 until 1992. In later editions, she was listed as a co-author, then first author.  She also wrote nine other books, and was one of the first women (along with Susan Ingham, Mary Gillham & Hope Macpherson) to go south with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE).

Hope Black
Jessica Hope Black (née MacPherson, 1919 – 25 January 2018) was an Australian scientist, a marine biologist and malacologist. In 1937 she started working at the National Museum of Victoria. Subsequently, she became Curator of Molluscs at the museum in 1946. One of the first four women to carry out research in the sub-Antarctic in 1959. She was the National Museum's first female curator. When she married in 1965, she was forced to leave the museum, and instead became a science teacher for thirteen years. In 2019 Lake Macpherson on Macquarie Island was named for her.
Sewickley, Pennsylvania
Sewickley is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located along the Ohio River 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Pittsburgh, it is a residential suburb in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 3,907 at the 2020 census. The Sewickley Bridge crosses the Ohio River from Sewickley to Moon Township.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Tibor Varga (violinist)
Tibor Varga (4 July 1921 – 4 September 2003) was a Hungarian violinist, conductor, and music teacher who developed pedagogic methods for teaching string  music. He was a founding member of the string department in the Musikhochschule Detmold.

Sion, Switzerland
Sion (French pronunciation: [sjɔ̃] ⓘ, German: Sitten [ˈzɪtn̩] ⓘ; former Italian: Seduno; Latin: Sedunum) is a Swiss town situated in the Rhône valley, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Valais and of the district of Sion. As of December 2020 it had a population of 34,978 (known as Sédunois(es)).

On 17 January 1968, the former municipality of Bramois merged into the municipality of Sion. On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Salins merged into the municipality of Sion, and on 1 January 2017, Les Agettes did the same.

Landmarks in Sion include the Basilique de Valère and the Château de Tourbillon. Sion has an airfield for civilian and military use, which serves as a base for air rescue missions.
Permanent Committees of the Pan-African Parliament
To help coordinate efforts in dealing with issues on the continent the Pan-African Parliament created eleven permanent committees:

Committee on Rural Economy, Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment

Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs

Committee on Trade, Customs, and Immigration Matters

Committee on Cooperation, International Relations, and Conflict Resolution

Committee on Transport, Industry, Communication, Energy, Science, and Technology

Committee on Health, Labour and Social Affairs

Committee on Gender, Family, Youth, and People with Disabilities

Committee on Education, Culture, Tourism, and Human Resources

Committee on Justice and Human Rights

Committee on Rules, Privileges, and Discipline

Committee on Audit and Public Accounts

Committee on Health, Labour, and Social Affairs
The Committee on Health, Labour, and Social Affairs is one of the ten permanent committees of the Pan-African Parliament.

It takes the following actions:

Consider strategies and programmes for the improvement of the lives of African peoples.

Consider issues relating to regional and international cooperation in strategic planning and implementation of social development and health policies and programs.

Chairperson of the Committee is Hon Dr Khauhelo Deborah Raditapole from Lesotho.

Deputy Chairperson of the Committee Hon Dr Aribot Belly from Guinea.

Rapporteur of the Committee is Hon Ahmed Mohamed Hassan from Djibouti.

Other members of the Committee include: Hon Mbonda Elie from Cameroon among others.
Maorimetridae
Maorimetridae is a taxonomic family of crinoids in the order Comatulida. The family is monotypic, containing one genus, Maorimetra, and one species, Maorimetra ardlogiensis, a fossil taxon dating from the Late Oligocene.

Comatulida
Comatulida is an order of crinoids. Members of this order are known as feather stars and mostly do not have a stalk as adults. The oral surface with the mouth is facing upwards and is surrounded by five, often divided rays with feathery pinnules. Comatulids live on the seabed and on reefs in tropical and temperate waters.
The Courier (Newcastle University newspaper)
The Courier is the free student weekly newspaper of Newcastle University's Students' Union. It is entirely written and edited by student volunteers, except for the chief editor, which is a paid sabbatical officer position in the students union. Articles which are included in the 40-page print edition are also published online. The newspaper is divided into sections, including current affairs (news, campus comment, opinion, science); life and style (lifestyle, fashion and beauty, relationships, food and drink, travel); culture (film, tv, music, arts, gaming); sport and puzzles.

Newcastle University Students' Union
54°58′44″N 1°36′54″W﻿ / ﻿54.97889°N 1.61500°W﻿ / 54.97889; -1.61500

Newcastle University Students' Union (NUSU) is the students' union of Newcastle University in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is an organisation with the intention of representing and providing services and welfare for the students of University of Newcastle upon Tyne. It was originally set up as the Union Society and changed to its present name in 2011. In 2022, its members voted to rejoin the National Union of Students (NUS). The Union voted to remain affiliated with the NUS in 2025.

The Students' Union is run by six sabbatical officers and nine voluntary unpaid liberation and chair positions. It also employs around 300 people in ancillary roles including bar staff and Freshers' Week organisers.
Putilov strike of 1917
The Putilov strike of 1917 is the name given to the strike led by the workers of the Putilov Mill (presently the Leningrad Kirov Plant) which was located in then Petrograd, Russia (present-day St. Petersburg).  The strike officially began on February 18, 1917 (according to the Julian calendar; March 2 on the Gregorian calendar) and quickly snowballed, sparking larger demonstrations in Petrograd.  There were several strikes involving the workers of the Putilov Mill over the years with the first one taking place in 1905, yet this particular strike in 1917 is considered the catalyst which sparked the February Revolution.

Kirov Plant
The Kirov Plant, Kirov factory or Leningrad Kirov plant (LKZ) (Russian: Кировский завод, romanized: Kirovskiy zavod) is a major Russian mechanical engineering and agricultural machinery manufacturing plant in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was established in 1789, then moved to its present site in 1801 as a foundry for cannonballs. The Kirov Plant is sometimes confused with another Leningrad heavy weapons manufacturer, Factory No. 185 (S.M. Kirov). Recently the main production of the company is Kirovets heavy tractors.

In 1917 the factory was an important center of the Red Guards formations.
Taxadiene
Taxadiene (taxa-4,11-diene) is a diterpene.  Taxadiene is the first committed intermediate in the synthesis of taxol. Six hydroxylation reactions, and a few others, are needed to convert taxadiene to baccatin III.

Enzymatically, taxadiene is produced from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate by taxadiene synthase. A biochemical gram-scale production of taxadiene has been reported in 2010 using genetically engineered Escherichia coli.

Diterpene
Diterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate. Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. Some diterpenes are antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory.
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud (Somali: Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud, Arabic: احمد محمد محمود; 1 June 1938 – 15 November 2024), known by his nickname Silanyo (Arabic: سيلانيو),  was a Somaliland politician who served as the President of Somaliland from 2010 to 2017. During the 1980s, he served as the Chairman of the Somali National Movement.

Silanyo was a long-time member of the former Somali Republic and later the Somali Democratic Republic central government. 
He held several key positions, including serving as Minister of Commerce of the Somali Republic.

Standing as an opposition candidate, he was elected as President of Somaliland in Somaliland's 2010 presidential election.

President of Somaliland
The president of the Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland; Arabic: رئيس جمهورية صوماليلاند, romanized: Rayiys jumhuriat Soomaliland) is the head of state and head of government of Somaliland. The president is also commander-in-chief of the Somaliland Armed Forces. The president represents the Government of Somaliland.

The first president of Somaliland was Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur. The current office-holder is the 6th president Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, who took office on 12 December 2024. The President can serve a maximum of two five-year terms.

The Republic of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to the former British Somaliland Protectorate, which was an independent country for a few days in 1960 as the State of Somaliland.
Guzara District
Guzara (Gozareh) District (Persian: ګذره ولسوالۍ) is situated in the center of Herat Province, Afghanistan, 10 km south of Herat. It borders Injil District to the north, Pashtun Zarghun District to the east, Adraskan District to the south and Zinda Jan District to the west. The district center Guzara (Gozareh) is on the main road Herat-Kandahar.

On 19 August 2025, an overcrowded passenger bus, possibly speeding, carrying migrants deported from Iran veered off the road and collided with a truck and motorcycle before catching fire on the Guzara District section of the Herat–Islam Qala Highway, an extension of the Afghanistan Ring Road. The crash killed at least 79 people, including 19 children, and injuring two others. It is one of country's deadliest accidents in recent years.

Injil District
Injil District (Dari: ولسوالی انجیل; Pashto: د انجیل ولسوالۍ) is one of the 20 districts of Herat Province in northwestern Afghanistan. It has an estimated population of 301,320 people, mostly tajik with smaller communities of  pashtun and others. Almost all inhabitants of Jebrael locality are ethnic Hazaras.

Injil District is administratively divided into 3 nahias and 65 gozars, covering an area of about 1,814 km2 (700 sq mi). It surrounds Herat District and borders Karukh District in the east. The administrative center of Injil District is also known as Injil. The Hari River flows on the southern border of the district, shared with Guzara District.
Stray voltage
Stray voltage is the occurrence of electrical potential between two objects that ideally should not have any voltage difference between them. Small voltages often exist between two grounded objects in separate locations by the normal current flow in the power system. Contact voltage is a better defined term when large voltage appear as a result of a fault. Contact voltage on the enclosure of electrical equipment can appear from a fault in the electrical power system, such as a failure of insulation.

Electrical bonding
Electrical bonding is the practice of intentionally electrically connecting all exposed metal items not designed to carry electricity in a room or building  as protection from electric shock. Bonding is also used to minimize electrical arcing between metal surfaces with electrical potential differences. If a failure of electrical insulation occurs, all bonded metal objects in the room will have substantially the same electrical potential, so that an occupant of the room cannot touch two objects with significantly different potentials. Even if the connection to a distant earth is lost, the occupant will be protected from dangerous potential differences.
Stria vascularis of cochlear duct
The stria vascularis of the cochlear duct is a capillary loop in the upper portion of the spiral ligament (the outer wall of the cochlear duct or scala media). It produces endolymph for the scala media in the cochlea.

Spiral ligament
The spiral ligament is a fibrous cushion located between the stria vascularis and the bony otic capsule.

The periosteum, forming the outer wall of the cochlear duct (Latin: ductus cochlearis), is greatly thickened and altered in character.
Llanddewi Ystradenni
Llanddewi Ystradenni, also spelled Llanddewi Ystradenny, is a village and community in Radnorshire, Powys, Wales. The population of the Community at the 2011 census was 310.

Centred on the village of Llanddewi, it also includes the hamlet of Heartsease.

The motte and bailey fortification of Buddugre Castle, overlooking the Afon Ithon, is also within the community.

Heartsease, Llanddewi Ystradenni
Heartsease is a small settlement or hamlet in the parish and community of Llanddewi Ystradenni in Powys, Wales. It should not be confused with Heartsease near Knighton.

It lies in the historic county of Radnorshire and was formerly part of the cantref of Maelienydd.

Heartsease has a chapel with a cemetery belonging to the Presbyterian Church of Wales.