hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues
The Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (the Bioethics Commission) was created by Executive Order 13521 on November 24, 2009. The Bioethics Commission advised President Barack Obama on bioethical issues arising from advances in biomedicine and related areas of science and technology.  It replaced The President's Council on Bioethics appointed by United States President George W. Bush to advise his administration on bioethics, and the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (1996-2001). No national organization replaced it when its authorization expired; it "held its final meeting at the end of August 2016 and closed its doors."

President's Council on Bioethics
The President's Council on Bioethics (PCBE) was a group of individuals appointed by United States President George W. Bush to advise his administration on bioethics. Established on November 28, 2001, by Executive Order 13237, the council was directed to "advise the President on bioethical issues that may emerge as a consequence of advances in biomedical science and technology".  It succeeded and largely replaced the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1996, which expired in 2001.

The members of the council were appointed directly by the President; the President also chose the chairperson of the council (last appointed Chair was Edmund D. Pellegrino). Council members, totaling no more than 18, were appointed for a two-year term, after which time they could be reappointed by the President. Individuals appointed could not be officers or employees of the federal government. Executive Order 13237 was renewed in 2003, 2005 and again in 2007.
Jenny Graham
Jenny Graham (born 1979 or 1980) is a Scottish endurance cyclist. In 2018 she became the fastest woman to cycle around the world unsupported. In 2024 Lael Wilcox who was supported in her ride, superseded the time taken by Graham by 16 days.

Lael Wilcox
Lael Wilcox (born July 18, 1986) is an ultra-endurance bicycle racer who won the Trans Am Bike Race in 2016, and set Tour Divide's women's course record on an individual time trial (ITT) in 2015. She was the first American to win the Trans Am. She also set the overall course record with her time on the Baja Divide route.
Bill Rodgers (runner)
William Henry Rodgers (born December 23, 1947) is an American runner, Olympian, and former record holder in the marathon. Rodgers is best known for his four victories in both the Boston Marathon, including three straight from 1978 to 1980, and 4 straight wins in the New York City Marathon, between 1976 and 1979.

1975 Boston Marathon
The 1975 Boston Marathon took place on Monday, April 21, 1975. It was the 79th time the Boston Marathon was organized. Of the field of 2,041 competitors, 1,838 completed the race; 1,810 men and 28 women.

The men's race was won by American Bill Rodgers in 2:09:55, setting a new course record. At the time, Rodgers was a graduate student at Boston College; he later won the 1978, 1979, and 1980 editions of the race. The women's race was won by Liane Winter of West Germany in a world-record time of 2:42:24.

Bob Hall became the first person to complete the Boston Marathon in wheelchair, finishing in two hours and 58 minutes.
Schurr High School
Schurr High School is a public high school in Montebello, California, United States, a suburb in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Part of the Montebello Unified School District, it has an enrollment of approximately 3,500 students in grades 9–12. The majority of students attending this school live in the Montebello and Monterey Park area, while some also come from neighboring cities and communities such as Commerce, East Los Angeles, South El Monte and Rosemead. Schurr was established as a high school in 1971, with the campus having previously been the site of a junior high school.

Montebello Unified School District
Montebello Unified School District is a school district based in Montebello, California, United States.

Montebello USD serves the city of Montebello, portions of the cities of Bell Gardens, Commerce, Downey, Monterey Park, Pico Rivera, Rosemead, and a part of the unincorporated community of East Los Angeles as well as the unincorporated community of South San Gabriel. A portion of Bell lies within the district limits, but it has no residents.
Asian Academy Creative Award for Best Comedy Programme
This is a list of the winners of the Asian Academy Creative Award for Best Comedy Programme since its institution in 2018. Apart from the main award, the category is also awarded regionally in seventeen participating nations.

Asian Academy Creative Awards
The annual Asian Academy Creative Awards are presented every December as part of the Singapore Media Festival. They recognise excellence in the film and television industry across 16 nations in the Asia-Pacific region.
Norwegian Public Service Pension Fund
Norwegian Public Service Pension Fund (Norwegian: Statens Pensjonskasse) is a Norwegian government agency responsible for the extra pensions paid to state employees. There are in excess of one million members, and it has total assets of NOK 270 billion.

All state employees are granted an extra pension of 2% of their gross wages, paid from 67 years of age. Municipal and county employees have their extra pensions managed by Kommunal Landspensjonskasse (KLP). The Pension Fund also manages the extra pensions from a number of government-owned enterprises.

Kommunal Landspensjonskasse
Kommunal Landspensjonskasse Gjensidig Forsikringsselskap or KLP is an Oslo-based mutual insurance company that manages the pensions of municipal employees in Norway. As of 31 March 2021, the fund had assets of NOK 813.5 billion (US$95.1 billion), with 337 municipal and county authorities, 31 health trusts and 2,300 public sector firms as clients.

It is Norway's largest pension fund and KLP Eiendom is a major subsidiary that manages real estate in Norway and Denmark. State employees are insured through the Norwegian Public Service Pension Fund.
Aaj Shahzeb Khanzada Kay Sath
Aaj Shahzeb Khanzada Kay Sath (previously Aaj Kamran Khan Kay Sath) is a Pakistani television evening current affairs talk show broadcasting on Geo News every Monday to Friday at 10 PM, PKT. The show is currently hosted by Shahzeb Khanzada. Previously, it was hosted by Kamran Khan, directed by Junaid Mumtaz and produced by Asmat Mallick.
Shahzeb Khanzada received Best Anchor Person Award for 2013, in a ceremony organized by the Pakistan Media Award.

Aaj Kamran Khan Kay Sath
Aaj Kamran Khan Kay Sath (previously Kamran Khan Show) was a Pakistani television current affairs talk show that aired every weekday on Geo News. The show was hosted by Kamran Khan, directed by Junaid Mumtaz, and produced by Asmat Mallick.
Cella Dati
Cella Dati (Cremunés: Céla) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Cremona.

Cella Dati borders the following municipalities: Cingia de' Botti, Derovere, Motta Baluffi, Pieve San Giacomo, San Daniele Po, Sospiro.

Derovere
Derovere (Cremunés: Drùver) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Cremona.

Derovere borders the following municipalities: Ca' d'Andrea, Cappella de' Picenardi, Cella Dati, Cingia de' Botti, Pieve San Giacomo.
William Roughead
William Roughead (pronounced Rock-heed) (1870–1952) was a Scottish lawyer and amateur criminologist, as well as an editor and essayist on "matters criminous". He was an important early practitioner of the modern "true crime" literary genre.

Oscar Slater
Oscar Joseph Slater (8 January 1872 – 31 January 1948) was the victim of a notorious miscarriage of justice in Scotland. Wrongly convicted of murder and sentenced to death, he was freed after almost two decades of hard labour at Scotland’s HM Prison Peterhead through the efforts of multiple journalists, lawyers, and writers, including Sherlock Holmes author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
Dwarka Prasad Mishra
Dwarka Prasad Mishra (5 August 1901 – 31 May 1988) was an Indian politician, writer and journalist. He was a member of the Indian National Congress and served as the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh for two terms during the 1960s.

An Indian freedom fighter and diplomat, he was from a Kanyakubja Brahmin family of Padari a village in Unnao. As a poet he composed the mahakavya, Krishnayana (transl. Journey of Krishna). He became the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh after Ravi Shankar Shukla.

Narayan Prasad Shukla
Narayan Prasad Shukla (10 November 1929 – 15 June 2014) was an Indian politician, journalist, and social activist from Madhya Pradesh. A senior leader of the Indian National Congress, he served as Mayor of Indore Municipal Corporation, Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing the Indore-4 Assembly constituency, Minister of State in the Shyama Charan Shukla ministry, and Deputy Speaker of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly between 1972 and 1976. He also served as Deputy Mayor of Indore for over a decade and was the leader of the Narmada Maiya Chalo movement, a major public agitation addressing Indore’s water supply crisis. He was widely associated with urban development initiatives, public movements, cultural institutions, and efforts to strengthen sports infrastructure in the state.
Hebatullah-il-Moayed Fiddeen
Syedna Hebatullah-il-Muʾayyad Fiddeen bin Syedna Ibrahim Wajihuddin (Died: 1st Shaban 1193 AH (13 August 1779 AD)) was the 40th Dā'ī al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra sect. He succeeded his father, the 39th Dā'ī al-Mutlaq, Syedna Ibrahim Wajihuddin to the religious post.

Ibrahim Wajihuddin
Syedna Ibrahim Wajihuddin Bin Syedi AbdulQadir Hakimuddin (died on 17 Moharram 1168 AH/1756 AD, Ujjain, India) was the 39th Dā'ī of the Dawoodi Bohras. He succeeded the 38th Dā'ī Syedna Ismail Badruddin II to the religious post.
Beccles railway station
Beccles railway station is a stop on the East Suffolk Line in the east of England, serving the town of Beccles, Suffolk. It is 40 miles 34 chains (65.1 km) down the line from Ipswich and 109 miles 11 chains (175.6 km) from London Liverpool Street; it is situated between Brampton and Oulton Broad South stations. Its three-letter station code is BCC and is managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains that call.

Beccles
Beccles (/ˈbɛkəlz/ BEK-əlz) is a market town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is located along the A145 and A12 roads, situated 16 miles (26 km) south-east of Norwich and 33 miles (53 km) north-northeast of Ipswich. Nearby towns include Lowestoft to the east and Great Yarmouth to the north-east. The town lies on the River Waveney on the edge of The Broads National Park.

It had a population at the 2021 census of 10,069. Beccles is twinned with Petit-Couronne in France, and has been since 1978.
Aurigo
Aurigo (Ligurian: Aurigu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Imperia.

Aurigo borders the following municipalities: Borgomaro, Pieve di Teco, and Rezzo.

Borgomaro
Borgomaro (Ligurian: Borgomâ, locally Burguma) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) northwest of Imperia.

Borgomaro borders the following municipalities: Aurigo, Caravonica, Carpasio, Chiusanico, Lucinasco, Pieve di Teco, Prelà, Rezzo, and Vasia.
Trolleybuses in Geneva
The Geneva trolleybus system  (French: Réseau trolleybus de Genève) forms part of the public transport network in Geneva, Switzerland.  It is the second largest trolleybus system in Switzerland, after the Lausanne system.

Opened in 1942, the system supplements the Geneva tramway network.  It is operated by Transports publics genevois (TPG), and currently also serves the neighbouring municipalities of Bernex, Cologny, Confignon, Le Grand-Saconnex, Lancy, Meyrin, Onex and Vernier.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
2003–04 UEFA Cup second round
The 2003–04 UEFA Cup second round was played from 29 October to 11 December 2003. The round consisted of 24 ties, with the winners advancing to the third round of the 2003–04 UEFA Cup.

All match times are CET (UTC+1), as listed by UEFA.

2003–04 UEFA Cup final phase
The final phase of the 2003–04 UEFA Cup began on 26 February 2004 with the third round and concluded on 19 May 2004 with the final at the Ullevi in Gothenburg, Sweden. The final phase involved 32 teams: the 24 teams which qualified from the second round, and the eight third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage.

Times up to 27 March 2004 (third and fourth rounds) were CET (UTC+1), and thereafter (quarter-finals to final) CEST (UTC+2).
Chondroblast
Chondroblasts, or perichondrial cells, is the name given to mesenchymal progenitor cells in situ which, from endochondral ossification, will form chondrocytes in the growing cartilage matrix. Another name for them is subchondral cortico-spongious progenitors. They have euchromatic nuclei and stain by basic dyes.

These cells are extremely important in chondrogenesis due to their role in forming both the chondrocytes and cartilage matrix which will eventually form cartilage. Use of the term is technically inaccurate since mesenchymal progenitors can also technically differentiate into osteoblasts or fat. Chondroblasts are called chondrocytes when they embed themselves in the cartilage matrix, consisting of proteoglycan and collagen fibers, until they lie in the matrix lacunae. Once they embed themselves into the cartilage matrix, they grow the cartilage matrix by growing more cartilage extracellular matrix rather than by dividing further.

Progenitor cell
A progenitor cell is a biological cell that can differentiate into a specific cell type. Stem cells and progenitor cells have this ability in common. However, stem cells are less specified than progenitor cells. Progenitor cells can only differentiate into their "target" cell type. The most important difference between stem cells and progenitor cells is that stem cells can replicate indefinitely, whereas progenitor cells can divide only a limited number of times.  Controversy about the exact definition remains and the concept is still evolving.

The terms "progenitor cell" and "stem cell" are sometimes equated.
Aerial bombing of cities
The aerial bombing of cities is an optional element of strategic bombing, which became widespread in warfare during World War I. The bombing of cities grew to a vast scale in World War II and is still practiced today. The development of aerial bombardment marked an increased capacity of armed forces to deliver ordnance from the air against combatants, military bases, and factories, with a greatly reduced risk to its ground forces. The killing of civilians and non-combatants in bombed cities has variously been a deliberate goal of strategic bombing, or unavoidable collateral damage resulting from intent and technology. A number of multilateral efforts have been made to restrict the use of aerial bombardment so as to protect non-combatants and other civilians.

Condor Legion
The Condor Legion (German: Legion Condor) was a unit of military personnel from the air force and army of Nazi Germany’s Wehrmacht which served with the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War. The legion developed methods of strategic bombing that were used widely during the Second World War. The bombing of Guernica was the Condor Legion's most infamous operation. Hugo Sperrle commanded the unit's aircraft formations, and Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma commanded the ground element.
Anise
Anise (/ˈænɪs/; Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed or rarely anix, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.

The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, such as star anise, fennel, liquorice, and tarragon. It is widely cultivated and used to flavor food, candy, and alcoholic drinks, especially around the Mediterranean.

Anethole
Anethole (also known as anise camphor) is an organic compound that is widely used as a flavoring substance. It is a derivative of the aromatic compound allylbenzene and occurs widely in the essential oils of plants. It is in the class of phenylpropanoid organic compounds. It contributes a large component of the odor and flavor of anise and fennel (both in the botanical family Apiaceae), anise myrtle (Myrtaceae), liquorice (Fabaceae), magnolia blossoms, and star anise (Schisandraceae). Closely related to anethole is its isomer estragole, which is abundant in tarragon (Asteraceae) and basil (Lamiaceae), and has a flavor reminiscent of anise. It is a colorless, fragrant, mildly volatile liquid. Anethole is only slightly soluble in water but exhibits high solubility in ethanol. This trait causes certain anise-flavored liqueurs to become cloudy when diluted with water; this is called the ouzo effect.
Tianyuan man
Tianyuan man (simplified Chinese: 田园洞人; traditional Chinese: 田園洞人; pinyin: Tiányuándòng Rén) is the remains of one of the earliest modern humans to inhabit East Asia. In 2007, researchers found 34 bone fragments belonging to a single individual at the Tianyuan Cave near Beijing, China. Radiocarbon dating shows the bones to be between 42,000 and 39,000 years old, which may be slightly younger than the only other finds of bones of a similar age at the Niah Caves in Sarawak on the South-east Asian island of Borneo.

Tianyuan man is one of the oldest known members of the East Eurasian lineage that gave rise to (among others) modern East and Southeast Asians, Siberians and Native Americans.

Ancient Southern East Asian
In archaeogenetics, Ancient Southern East Asian (ASEA), also known as Southern East Asian (sEA), is an ancestral lineage that is represented by individuals from Qihe Cave in Fujian (c. 12–8 kya) and Liangdao Island in the Taiwan Strait (c. 8 kya) as well as Guangxi (c. 9 kya). Ancient Southern East Asian ancestry significantly contributed to the genetic makeup of modern populations in East Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia, Insular Southeast Asia, and Oceania, and is commonly associated with the Neolithic expansion of early Austronesian and Austroasiatic speakers that occurred more than 4,000 years ago.
Daniel M. Gallagher
Daniel M. Gallagher, Jr. (born May 31, 1972) is an American lawyer who is currently the Chief Legal, Compliance and Corporate Affairs Officer at Robinhood. He served as a Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2011 to 2015. He also previously served as the deputy director and co-acting director of the Division of Trading and Markets.

Columbus School of Law
The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law is the law school of the Catholic University of America, a private Roman Catholic research university in Washington, D.C., United States.

More than 370 Juris Doctor students attend the school. Incoming classes are typically composed of about 125 students, including day and evening programs. Around 1,250 students apply annually. According to Columbus School of Law's ABA-required disclosures, 72.5% of 2023 graduates obtained full-time, long-term employment requiring bar passage (i.e., as attorneys) within ten months after graduation.
Council of Canadian Academies
The Council of Canadian Academies (CCA) (French: Conseil des académies canadiennes, CAC) is a private, non-profit corporation that was created to perform independent, expert assessments of the science that is relevant to important public issues.

The CCA received a C$30 million founding grant in 2005 from the Government of Canada. The CCA's assessment scope includes the natural, social and health sciences, engineering and the humanities. The grant supported core operations for 10 years and was renewed twice, in 2015 with an additional $15 million for five years and in 2018 with an additional $9 million for three years starting in 2020–2021.

In 2023, it was provided with C$17.7 million renewed funding through the Strategic Science Fund.

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED; French: Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada; ISDE) is a department of the Government of Canada. ISED is responsible for a number of the federal government's functions in regulating industry and commerce, promoting science and innovation, and supporting economic development. The department was known as Industry Canada (IC) prior to 2015.

The department is led by the Minister of Industry (currently Mélanie Joly), who also serves as the Minister responsible for Canada Economic Development for Quebec Regions. Several other ministerial portfolios are associated with the department. While the minister is head of the department, and provides policy/political direction, the day-to-day operations of the department are managed by the deputy minister, who is a public servant. The department headquarters are located at the C.D. Howe Building at 235 Queen Street in Ottawa, Ontario.
Bodenmais
Bodenmais (German pronunciation: [ˈboːdn̩ˌmaɪs]) is a municipality in the district of Regen in Bavaria, Germany. It lies at one end of the Zeller Valley in the Bavarian Forest.

The tourist attractions at the Silberberg mountain, with its former silver mine, include cross-country skiing tracks as well as an alpine skiing hill (about 1,050 m (3,440 ft) above sea level) in winter, doubling in summer as a 600 m (2,000 ft) long alpine slide. There is also a mining museum, reminding of ages of ferro-oxide mining and vitriol production. Some shafts are still accessible.

The village itself is known for its glass shops, the most notable being Joska Glasparadies (Joska glass paradise).

Zeller Valley
The Zeller Valley (German: Zellertal) is a valley in the Bavarian Forest in southern Germany.

The Zeller Valley extends about 30 km from north to south and about 12 km from east to west. The valley runs from the village of Bodenmais to Bad Kötzting. The communities of Drachselsried and Arnbruck lie within the Zeller Valley. Its highest mountain is the Kaitersberg.