hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dartford Heath
Dartford Heath Common is an area of open heathland situated to the south-west of Dartford, Kent, England, that covers around 314 acres (127 ha) of open space. Dartford Heath is classified as lowland heath and is one of only two substantial heathland blocks remaining in Kent. The heath supports a number of rare plants and invertebrates, as well as reptiles, including the common lizard and slow-worm, and rabbits.

Dartford
Dartford is the principal town in the Borough of Dartford, Kent, England. It is located 18 mi (29 km) south-east of Central London and
is situated adjacent to the London Borough of Bexley to its west. To its north, across the Thames Estuary, is Thurrock in Essex, which can be reached via the Dartford Crossing. To its east lies the Borough of Gravesham and to the south the district of Sevenoaks. It had a population of 51,240.

The town centre lies in a valley through which the River Darent flows and where the old road from London to Dover crossed: hence the name, which derives from Darent + ford. Dartford became a market town in medieval times and, although today it is principally a commuter town for Greater London, it has a long history of religious, industrial and cultural importance. It is an important rail hub; the main through-road now by-passes the town itself.
Stephin Merritt
Stephin Merritt (born February 9, 1965) is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, best known as the songwriter and principal singer of the bands the Magnetic Fields, the Gothic Archies, and Future Bible Heroes. He is known for his distinctive bass voice.

Nonesuch Records
Nonesuch Records is an American record company and label owned by Warner Music Group, distributed by Warner Records (formerly Warner Bros. Records), and based in New York City. Founded by Jac Holzman in 1964 as a budget classical label, Nonesuch has developed into a label that records a wide range of music genres. Robert Hurwitz was president of the company from 1984 to 2017.
Dedham, Essex
Dedham is a village and civil parish in the City of Colchester district of Essex, England. It is near the River Stour, which is the border of Essex and Suffolk. The nearest town to Dedham is the small market town of Manningtree. The area around Dedham is recognised for its natural beauty, being designated as the Dedham Vale National Landscape. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,992.

Manningtree
Manningtree is a town and civil parish in the Tendring district of Essex, England. It lies on the River Stour and forms part of the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 874 and the built up area (which extends into the neighbouring parishes of Lawford and Mistley) had a population of 1,761.
Głowno
Głowno [ˈɡwɔvnɔ] is a town and community in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, in Zgierz County, about 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Łódź. The town administratively belonged to the Łódź Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998. According to data from 2020, the city had 13,961 inhabitants.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
Philip Kiliaen van Rensselaer
Philip Kiliaen van Rensselaer (May 19, 1747 – March 3, 1798) was the second son of Colonel Kiliaen van Rensselaer and Ariaantie (Schuyler).  He was a merchant by trade, and his experience in transporting cargo may have helped qualify him as keeper of the Albany arsenal. He was variously referred to as storekeeper, military storekeeper and Commissary for the Northern Department.

Hendrick van Rensselaer
Hendrick van Rensselaer (October 23, 1667 – July 4, 1740) was director of the Eastern patent of the Rensselaerswyck manor. 
The estate was composed of land in Columbia County, New York, and land opposite Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, named Greenbush (later Rensselaer, New York).
Siege of Breslau
The siege of Breslau, also known as the battle of Breslau, was a three-month-long siege of the city of Breslau in Lower Silesia, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), lasting to the end of World War II in Europe. From 13 February 1945 to 6 May 1945, German troops in Breslau were besieged by the Soviet forces which encircled the city as part of the Lower Silesian Offensive Operation. The German garrison's surrender on 6 May was followed by the surrender of all German forces two days after the battle.

6th Guards Combined Arms Army
The 6th Guards Combined Arms Army (Russian: 6-я гвардейская общевойсковая армия) is a field army of the Red Army and the Soviet Army that was active with the Russian Ground Forces until 1998 and has been active since 2010 as the 6th Combined Arms Army (MUN в/ч 31807).

It was first formed in August 1939 in the Kiev Special Military District from the Volochiskaya Army Group (a corps-sized formation).
Cius
Cius (/ˈsaɪəs/; Ancient Greek: Kίος or Κῖος Kios) was an Ancient Greek city bordering the Propontis (now known as the Sea of Marmara), in Bithynia and in Mysia (in modern northwestern Turkey). The city was later renamed to Prusias after King Prusias I of Bithynia, who once restored the city.

Bithynia
Bithynia (/bɪˈθɪniə/; Koine Greek: Βιθυνία, romanized: Bithynía) is a geographical region of northwestern Asia Minor (in present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It borders Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast along the Black Sea coast, and Phrygia to the southeast towards the interior of Asia Minor.

Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 3rd century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus (region) region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus.

In the 7th century it was incorporated into the Byzantine Opsikion theme. It became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks between 1325 and 1333.
Berengaria of León
Berengaria of León (1204 – 12 April 1237) was the third wife but only empress consort of John of Brienne, Latin Emperor of Constantinople. She was a daughter of Alfonso IX of León and Berengaria of Castile. She was a younger sister of Ferdinand III of Castile and Alfonso of Molina.

Alfonso IX of León
Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 – 23 or 24 September 1230) was King of León from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death.

He took steps towards modernizing and democratizing his dominion and founded the University of Salamanca in 1218. In 1188 he summoned the first parliament reflecting the fullest representation of the citizenry ever seen in Western Europe, the Cortes of León.

Alfonso took part in the Reconquista, conquering several territories within Extremadura, capturing Mérida and Badajoz in 1230, which allowed for the eventual conquest of Seville during the reign of his son Ferdinand III. He was also involved in numerous conflicts with Pope Celestine III, being interdicted on account of the nature of his marriages.
Chatham Township, Sangamon County, Illinois
Chatham Township is located in Sangamon County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 6,978 and it contained 2,963 housing units.  Chatham Township changed its name from Campbell Township on September 2, 1863.

Sangamon County, Illinois
Sangamon County is a county located near the center of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 196,343. Its county seat and largest city is Springfield, the state capital.

Sangamon County is included in the Springfield, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Nicholas Kristof
Nicholas Donabet Kristof (born April 27, 1959) is an American journalist and political commentator. A winner of two Pulitzer Prizes, he is a regular CNN contributor and an op-ed columnist for The New York Times.

Born in Chicago, Kristof was raised in Yamhill, Oregon, the son of two professors at nearby Portland State University. After graduating from Harvard University, where he wrote for The Harvard Crimson, Kristof intermittently interned at The Oregonian. He joined the staff of The New York Times in 1984.

Kristof is a self-described progressive. According to The Washington Post, Kristof "rewrote opinion journalism" with his emphasis on human rights abuses and social injustices, such as human trafficking and the Darfur conflict. Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa described Kristof as an "honorary African" for shining a spotlight on neglected conflicts in the continent.

Kristof Farms
Kristof Farms is an apple orchard and grape vineyard located in Willamette Valley of the United States, near the city of Yamhill, Oregon. The land was first homesteaded in the early 20th century and produced cherries until 2018, at which point the farm was converted to produce cider apples and pinot noir grapes.

Kristof Farms is featured in Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn's book Tightrope. The authors attribute their decision to plant high-value crops to research done for the book.

In an interview with local magazine Willamette Week, Kristof said, "Yamhill, in many ways, has done spectacularly well with the arrival of the wine and tourism industry. It truly is a spectacularly thriving and resilient place. America is also thriving and strong and resilient, yet there are a lot of Americans who have been left behind. So, by all means, readers should come to visit Yamhill and drink good Yamhill pinots while also understanding that there's a story beyond the vineyards."
Forbes family
The Forbes family is one of the components of the Boston Brahmins—a wealthy extended American family long prominent in Boston, Massachusetts. The family's fortune originates from trading opium and tea between North America and China in the 19th century plus other investments in the same period.  The name descends from Scottish immigrants and can be traced back to Sir John de Forbes in Scotland in the 12th century. Family members include businessman John Murray Forbes (1813–1898), part of the first generation who accumulated wealth, and politician John Forbes Kerry (born 1943).

William Cameron Forbes
William Cameron Forbes (May 21, 1870 – December 24, 1959) was an American investment banker and diplomat. He served as governor-general of the Philippines from 1909 to 1913 and ambassador of the United States to Japan from 1930 to 1932.
Bellevue Hill, New South Wales
Bellevue Hill is a harbourside suburb in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, located five kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the Municipality of Woollahra.

Cranbrook School, Sydney
Cranbrook School is an independent Anglican day and boarding school, with multiple campuses in Sydney's eastern suburbs New South Wales, Australia for students from pre-school to year 12. The school was founded in 1918 with the Rev'd Frederick Thomas Perkins as the first headmaster. Cranbrook has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 1,680 students from early learning (4 years old) to Year 12 (18 years old), including 80 boarders from Years 7 to 12. Cranbrook is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA), and the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. It is a founding member of the Combined Associated Schools (CAS). and the Independent Sporting Association (ISA).
Cecil County, Maryland
Cecil County is located in the U.S. state of Maryland at the northeastern corner of the state, bordering both Pennsylvania and Delaware. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 103,725. The county seat is Elkton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

The county was named for Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), the first Proprietary Governor of the Province (colony) of Maryland. With the eastern part of the county closer to Philadelphia than Baltimore, it is part of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located in Wilmington's Radio Market and Baltimore's Designated Market Area.

Perryville, Maryland
Perryville is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, Perryville had a population of 4,391. The town is located near an exit for Interstate 95, on the north side of the outlet of the Susquehanna River.
Al Michaels
Alan Richard Michaels (born November 12, 1944) is an American television play-by-play sportscaster for Thursday Night Football on Amazon Prime Video and in an emeritus role for NBC Sports. He has worked on network sports television since 1971, with his most recent work being with NBC Sports after nearly three decades (1976–2006) with ABC Sports. Michaels is known for his many years calling play-by-play of National Football League (NFL) games, including ABC Monday Night Football from 1986 to 2005 and NBC Sunday Night Football from 2006 to 2021. He is also known for famous calls in other sports, including the Miracle on Ice at the 1980 Winter Olympics and the earthquake-interrupted Game 3 of the 1989 World Series, which was played in San Francisco.

ABC Olympic broadcasts
The Olympic Games aired in the United States on the broadcast network ABC at various times from the 1960s to the 1980s. ABC first televised the Winter Olympic Games in 1964, and the Summer Olympic Games in 1968. ABC last televised the Summer Olympics in 1984 and Winter Olympics in 1988.
Fudge
Fudge is a confection made by mixing sugar, butter, and milk. Modern fudge has its origins in the 19th century United States, and became popular in American women's colleges late in the century. Fudge can come in a variety of flavorings depending on the region or country it was made; popular flavors include fruit, nut, chocolate, and caramel. Fudge is often bought as a gift from a gift shop in tourist areas and attractions.

Tablet (confectionery)
Tablet (taiblet in Scots) is a medium-hard, sugary confection from Scotland. Tablet is usually made from sugar, condensed milk, and butter, which is boiled to a soft-ball stage and allowed to crystallise. It is often flavoured with vanilla and sometimes has nut pieces in it.

Tablet differs from fudge in that it has a brittle, grainy texture, where fudge is much softer. Well-made tablet is a medium-hard confection, not as soft as fudge, but not as hard as boiled sweets.

Commercially available tablet often uses fondant instead of the milk products. This produces a slightly less granular texture compared to the traditional home-made tablet, and is supposedly easier to prepare on a commercial scale.
Amur Liman
52°54′N 141°30′E﻿ / ﻿52.900°N 141.500°E﻿ / 52.900; 141.500

The Amur Liman is a liman of the Amur River, the northern part of the Strait of Tartary between Eurasia and Sakhalin. It connects the Sakhalin Gulf of the Sea of Okhotsk with the main body of the Strait of Tartary via the Nevelskoy Strait.

"Amur Liman" is often translated as "Amur Estuary" or "Amur Mouth".

Strait of Tartary
The Strait of Tartary or Gulf of Tartary (Russian: Татарский пролив; Chinese: 韃靼海峽; pinyin: Dádá hǎixiá; Korean: 타타르 해협) or Mamiya Strait (Japanese: 間宮海峡, romanized: Mamiya kaikyō) is a strait in the Pacific Ocean dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin from mainland Asia (South-East Russia), connecting the Sea of Okhotsk (Nevelskoy Strait) on the north with the Sea of Japan on the south. It is 632 km (393 mi) long, 7–23 km (4.3–14.3 mi) wide, and only 4 m (13 ft) deep at its shallowest point.
Vågaholmen
Vågaholmen (sometimes shortened to Våga) is the administrative centre of Rødøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located along the Tjongsfjorden, just west of the village of Tjong.

Tjongsfjorden
Tjongsfjorden is a fjord in Rødøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 17-kilometre (11 mi) long fjord begins just west of the Svartisen glacier; it flows west and flows into the Rødøyfjorden, which is just east of the island of Rødøya. The mountain, Blokktinden, lies on the southern shore. The village, Tjong and Vågaholmen, lie along the northern shore. Norwegian County Road 17, running across Nordland and Trøndelag counties, runs along the inner part of the fjord.
Steubenville Catholic Central High School
Catholic Central High School is a private Roman Catholic high school in Steubenville, Ohio, United States. It is one of two secondary schools operated under the direction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Steubenville. Athletic teams compete as the Catholic Central Crusaders in the Ohio High School Athletic Association as a member of the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference.

Steubenville, Ohio
Steubenville (/ˈstjuːbənvɪl/ STEW-bən-vil) is a city in Jefferson County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Ohio River 33 miles (53 km) west of Pittsburgh, it had a population of 18,161 at the 2020 census. The Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area has an estimated 113,000 residents. The city's name is derived from Fort Steuben, a 1786 fort that sat within the city's current limits and was named for Prussian military officer Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.

Steubenville's nickname is the "City of Murals" after its more than 25 downtown murals. Historically, it was known as the hometown of Edwin Stanton, secretary of war during the American Civil War, as well as popular Rat Pack entertainer Dean Martin. It has recently attracted attention for the Steubenville Nutcracker Village, an annual Christmastime event. It is home to the campus of Franciscan University of Steubenville.
Amalgaid mac Éndai
Amalgaid mac Éndai (died 601) was a King of Munster from the Eóganacht Áine branch of the Eoganachta and appears as the first king from this branch.

The chronology of the Munster kings from this period is confusing. The Annals of Tigernach mention him as king in 596 along with his brother Garbán mac Éndai and he is mentioned as king in The Book of Leinster. However, the pro-Glendamnach Laud Synchronisms omit him as does the saga of Senchas Fagbála Caisil "The Story of the Finding of Cashel".

His son Cúán mac Amalgado (died 641) was also a King of Munster.

Eóganachta
The Eóganachta (Modern Irish: Eoghanachta, pronounced [ˈoːnˠəxt̪ˠə]) were an Irish dynasty centred on Cashel which dominated southern Ireland (namely the Kingdom of Munster) from the 6/7th to the 10th centuries, and following that, in a restricted form, the Kingdom of Desmond, and its offshoot Carbery, to the late 16th century. By tradition the dynasty was founded by Conall Corc but named after his ancestor Éogan, the firstborn son of the semi-mythological 3rd-century king Ailill Aulom. This dynastic clan-name, for it was never in any sense a 'surname,' should more accurately be restricted to those branches of the royal house which descended from Conall Corc, who established Cashel as his royal seat in the late 5th century.
Poch
Poch, Pochen, or Pochspiel (French: Poque) is a card game considered to be one of the forerunners of poker, a game that developed in America in the 19th century. An etymological relationship between the game names is also assumed. Games related to Poch are the French Glic and Nain Jaune and the English Pope Joan. Other forerunners of poker and possible relatives of the game are the English game, Brag, from the 16th century and the French Brelan (later Bouillotte) and Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un. Poch is recorded as early as 1441 in Strasbourg. In north Germany it was called by the Low German name of Puchen or Puchspill, and the board was a Puchbrett.

Pochen is also another name for the card game Tippen or Dreiblatt.

Glossary of card game terms
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of other common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary are not game-specific (e.g. specific to bridge, hearts, poker or rummy), but apply to a wide range of card games played with non-proprietary packs. It should not include terms solely related to casino or banking games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries.
1857 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1857 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1857. After incumbent Governor Coles Bashford declined to seek re-election, Republican Party candidate Alexander Randall narrowly defeated Democratic candidate James B. Cross by a margin of just 118 votes.

Richland County would not vote for a Democrat again until 1924, nor would Polk County until 1918 and Juneau County until 1892. Conversely, Marquette County would not vote for a Republican again until 1886.

1886 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1886 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886.

Republican nominee Jeremiah McLain Rusk defeated Democratic nominee Gilbert M. Woodward, Union Labor Party nominee John Cochrane, and Prohibition nominee John Myers Olin with 46.53% of the vote.
Hard disk drive failure
A hard disk drive failure occurs when a hard disk drive malfunctions and the stored information cannot be accessed with a properly configured computer.

A hard disk failure may occur in the course of normal operation, or due to an external factor such as exposure to fire or water or high magnetic fields, or suffering a sharp impact or environmental contamination, which can lead to a head crash.

The stored information on a hard drive may also be rendered inaccessible as a result of data corruption, disruption or destruction of the hard drive's master boot record, or by malware deliberately destroying the disk's contents.

Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology
Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (contrived acronym S.M.A.R.T. or SMART) is a monitoring system included in computer hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs). Its primary function is to detect and report various indicators of drive reliability, or how long a drive can function while anticipating imminent hardware failures.

When S.M.A.R.T. data indicates a possible imminent drive failure, software running on the host system may notify the user so action can be taken to prevent data loss, and the failing drive can be replaced without any loss of data.
Assam roofed turtle
The Assam roofed turtle or Sylhet roofed turtle (Pangshura sylhetensis) is a turtle species of the family Geoemydidae found in the Brahmaputra-Meghna drainage in (Assam), Terai Arc Landscape region of India and parts of eastern Bangladesh (Sylhet). It was formerly placed in the genus Batagur and the defunct genus Kachuga.

Kachuga
Kachuga (roofed turtles) is an obsolete genus formerly used for several species of Asian turtles, now placed in Batagur and Pangshura:

Batagur dhongoka – three-striped roofed turtle

Batagur kachuga – red-crowned roofed turtle

Batagur trivittata – Burmese roofed turtle

Pangshura smithii – brown roofed turtle

Pangshura sylhetensis – Assam roofed turtle

Pangshura tecta – Indian roofed turtle

Pangshura tentoria – Indian tent turtle