hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
332d Airlift Flight
The 332d Airlift Flight is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  it was first organized in India in 1944 as the 11th Combat Cargo Squadron.  As the 332d Troop Carrier Squadron it remained in China through 1947.  The squadron was activated again for the Berlin Airlift from 1948 to 1949.

The squadron was active again from 1955 to 1958 as an assault airlift unit, operating the Fairchild C-123 Provider.  Its last period of active service was from 1993 to 2004 providing operational support airlift with C-21 Learjets.

513th Air Control Group
The 513th Air Control Group is an Air Force Reserve group of the United States Air Force.  It is assigned to the Tenth Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command, and is stationed at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma.

The group's mission is to provide DOD commanders with trained aircrews and maintenance personnel and systems for airborne surveillance, warning and control of U.S. and allied military aircraft.

The 513th is an associate unit of the 552d Air Control Wing, Air Combat Command (ACC) and if mobilized, the group is gained by ACC.

Its World War II predecessor, the 3d Combat Cargo Group was a United States Army Air Forces combat organization. It served primarily in the China Burma India Theater and Pacific Ocean Theater of World War II. In 1948, the group was redesignated as the 513th Troop Carrier Group.
Badgingarra National Park
Badgingarra National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 190 km north of Perth off the Brand Highway adjacent to the town of Badgingarra.

The park is 13,108 hectares (32,390 acres) in area and features high breakaway country overlooking low undulating sandplains. The park is renowned for its incredible diversity of endemic wildflowers.
Mullering Brook passes through the park creating a swampy area.

The area is mostly composed of low scrub with plant species such as mottlecah, smokebush, Banksia, Verticordia, kangaroo paw and the rare Badgingarra mallee are found throughout the area.
The area is threatened by the spread of dieback.

Some of the spectacular wildflowers that can be found within the park include rare species such as Hakea flabellifolia, Strangea cynanchicarpa and Eucalyptus pendens.

Many animals such as western grey kangaroos, emus, bustards and wedgetail eagles also inhabit the area.

Badgingarra, Western Australia
Badgingarra is a small town in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, about 205 kilometres (127 mi) north of Perth in the Shire of Dandaragan. It lies on the Brand Highway adjacent to the Badgingarra National Park.
Lift (force)
When a fluid flows around an object, the fluid exerts a force on the object. Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag force, which is the component of the force parallel to the flow direction. Lift conventionally acts in an upward direction in order to counter the force of gravity, but it may act in any direction perpendicular to the flow.

If the surrounding fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force. In water or any other liquid, it is called a hydrodynamic force.

Dynamic lift is distinguished from other kinds of lift in fluids. Aerostatic lift or buoyancy, in which an internal fluid is lighter than the surrounding fluid, does not require movement and is used by balloons, blimps, dirigibles, boats, and submarines. Planing lift, in which only the lower portion of the body is immersed in a liquid flow, is used by motorboats, surfboards, windsurfers, sailboats, and water-skis.

Parasitic drag
Parasitic drag, also known as profile drag,: 254 : 256  is a type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is defined as the combination of form drag and skin friction drag.: 641–642 : 19

It is named as such because it is not useful, in contrast with lift-induced drag which is created when an airfoil generates lift. All objects experience parasitic drag, regardless of whether they generate lift. Parasitic drag comprises all types of drag except lift-induced drag, and the total drag on an aircraft or other object which generates lift is the sum of parasitic drag and lift-induced drag.
Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium (万博記念競技場, Banpaku Kinen Kyōgi-jō), a.k.a. “Osaka Expo '70 Stadium", is an athletics stadium located in the Expo Commemoration Park, the site of Expo '70, in the city of Suita, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It has a capacity of around about 21,000.

The stadium was the home ground of J.League club Gamba Osaka between 1993 and 2015 before the club moved to Suita City Football Stadium. It remains in use as a local athletics venue, rugby and as a home venue for Gamba Osaka's Under-23 team in the J3 League.

Expo '70
The Japan World Exposition, Osaka, 1970 (日本万国博覧会, Nihon Bankoku Hakuran-kai) or Expo '70 was a world's fair held in Suita, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, between 15 March and 13 September 1970. Its theme was "Progress and Harmony for Mankind." In Japanese, Expo '70 is often referred to as Ōsaka Banpaku (大阪万博). It was the first world's fair held in Japan as well as in Asia.

The Expo was designed by Japanese architect Kenzō Tange, assisted by 12 other Japanese architects. Bridging the site along a north–south axis was the Symbol Zone. Planned on three levels, it was primarily a social space with a unifying space frame roof.

The Expo attracted international attention for the extent to which unusual artworks and designs by Japanese avant-garde artists were incorporated into the overall plan and individual national and corporate pavilions. The most famous of these artworks is artist Tarō Okamoto's iconic Tower of the Sun, which remains on the site.
Innerleithen
Innerleithen (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Leitheann) is a civil parish and a small town in the committee area of Tweeddale, in the Scottish Borders. It was formerly in the historic county of Peeblesshire or Tweeddale.

Peeblesshire
Peeblesshire (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd nam Pùballan), alternately the County of Peebles or Tweeddale, is a historic county of Scotland. Its county town is Peebles, and it borders Midlothian to the north, Selkirkshire to the east, Dumfriesshire to the south, and Lanarkshire to the west.
Drug Efficacy Study Implementation
Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) was a program begun by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the 1960s after the requirement (in the Kefauver-Harris Drug Control Act) that all drugs be efficacious as well as safe, was made part of US law. The DESI program was intended to classify all pre-1962 drugs that were already on the market as either effective, ineffective, or needing further study.  The Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) evaluated over 3,000 separate products and over 16,000 therapeutic claims. By 1984, final action had been completed on 3,443 products; of these, 2,225 were found to be effective, 1,051 were found not effective, and 167 were pending.

One of the early effects of the DESI study was the development of the Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA).

Kefauver–Harris Amendment
The U.S. Kefauver–Harris Amendment, "Drug Efficacy Amendment," or Drug Amendments of 1962 is an amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The amendments were designed to strengthen drug regulation in the United States due to the thalidomide tragedy, which demonstrated the risks of unsafe and ineffective medications. The law required drug manufacturers to prove drugs were safe and effective, expanded the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight over drug manufacturers, and set rules for drug advertisements and labels to ensure public health safety. The bill underwent the legislative process of being amended and debated in Congress until the Drug Amendments of 1962 was signed into law by President John F. Kennedy on October 10, 1962.
Sbeitla
Sbeitla (Arabic: سبيطلة Sbaytlāⓘ) is a small town in west-central Tunisia. Nearby are the Roman ruins of Sufetula, containing the best preserved Roman forum temples in the country. It was the entry point of the Muslim conquest of North Africa.

Sbeitla is the capital of the largest delegation in Kasserine Governorate with an area of 1133.5 km2. It is located in 33 km in the west of the governorate, and 264 km to Tunis. It has a population of 23,844 (2014 estimate). Sbeitla is mentioned in Norman Douglas's Fountains in the Sand as being wooded by junipers and Aleppo pines as late as the 19th century, though he found them "bleak and bare" in the early 20th century.

Archaeological site of Sbeitla
The archaeological site of Sbeitla is an archaeological site in Sbeitla, in north-central Tunisia. It represents the Roman ruins of Sufetula, and contains the best preserved Roman forum temples in Tunisia. It was excavated and restored between 1906 and 1921.
Kirkby Fleetham
Kirkby Fleetham is a village in the county of North Yorkshire, England about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the A1(M) road. Along with the two nearby villages of Great Fencote and Little Fencote it forms the civil parish of Kirkby Fleetham and Fencote. At the 2011 census, it was recorded as having a population of 560.

Fencote
Fencote or Great Fencote is a village in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is about 1 mi (1.6 km) east of the A1(M) motorway. It has a smaller village nearby called Little Fencote. Kirkby Fleetham lies to the north.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Deddington
Deddington is a town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England, 6 miles (10 km) south of Banbury. The parish includes two hamlets, Clifton and Hempton. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,146.  It has been a market town since the 12th century. One of the Hundred Rolls of King Edward I from 1275–76 records Deddington as a borough.

Hempton, Oxfordshire
Hempton is a village in Deddington civil parish about 5 miles (8 km) south of Banbury in Oxfordshire.  Hempton is on the B4031 road between Deddington and Chipping Norton, which was a turnpike from 1770 until 1871.
Military Police Corps (Israel)
The Military Police Corps of the Israel Defense Forces (Hebrew: חֵיל הַמִּשְׁטָרָה הַצְּבָאִית, Heil HaMishtara HaTzva'it (shortened to Mishtara Tzvait), commonly called "Mem Tzadik" or "Mem Tzadi", is the Israeli military police and provost. The military police serves the Manpower Directorate during peacetime, and the Technological and Logistics Directorate during war.

The military police is a brigade-sized of about 4,500, currently headed by Brigadier General Yuval Ya'amin. It is responsible for various law enforcement duties, including aiding IDF commanders in enforcing discipline, security of all military instillations, guarding the military prisons, locating deserters, investigating crimes committed by soldiers, and helping man the Israel Defense Forces checkpoints

The corps puts an emphasis on discipline and follows the principle of A Choice in Life, which says no to traffic accidents, narcotics, alcohol, suicide and improper use of weapons.

Ofer Prison
Ofer Prison (Hebrew: כלא עופר, Kele Ofer), formerly officially known as Incarceration Facility 385 (מתקן כליאה 385‎), is an Israeli military incarceration facility in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, between Beitunia and Giv'at Ze'ev. It is one of three prison facilities along with Megiddo and Ktzi'ot, the latter two located in Israel and not in the West Bank. Ofer Prison is run by the Israel Prison Service and like the other two facilities, used to be operated by the Israel Defense Forces' Military Police Corps.

When under IDF control, it was capable of holding up to 800 prisoners, both tried and those under administrative detention.

NGOs have stated that the imprisonment of children is one of the human rights abuses taking place in Ofer Prison.
Symphony No. 28 (Michael Haydn)
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 28 in C major, Opus 1 No. 2, Perger 19, Sherman 28, MH 384, was written in Salzburg in 1784, was the third and last symphony published in his lifetime. The publisher, Artaria, also published several of Joseph Haydn's symphonies. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings. It is in three movements:

This is the first of Haydn's symphonies to conclude with the kind of fugato "that Haydn introduced in several of his late symphonies and which so clearly forecast Mozart's procedures in the Jupiter Symphony." (Sherman, 1988)

Charles Sherman based his 1988 edition of the score for Ludwig Doblinger on the Artaria edition but compared it with a Breitkopf & Härtel score of 1895 and manuscript parts from the Kroměříž castle in Moravia.

Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completed his Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551, on 10 August 1788. The longest and last symphony that he composed, it is regarded by many critics as among the greatest symphonies in classical music. The work is nicknamed the Jupiter Symphony, probably coined by the impresario Johann Peter Salomon.

The autograph manuscript of the symphony is preserved in the Berlin State Library.
Aryan Vaid
Aryan Vaid (born 4 July 1976) is an Indian model, who won the Graviera Mister India World modelling pageant in the year 2000. He also went on to win the Mister International Award in 2000. He was a contestant in the reality show Bigg Boss in 2006.

Mister International (Philippines)
Mister International is an annual international male beauty pageant and organization founded in 2006 by Singaporean Alan Sim, and run by the Mister International Organization (MIO).

Following Sim's death on October 12, 2022, two new Mister International organizations emerged in 2023, one based in the Philippines, the other in Thailand. The Mister International Organization (MIO) headquartered in the Philippines retains legal rights and uses the original logos, trademarks, and copyrights of the Mister International brand. The other one, based in Thailand, has created and used new logos, trademarks, and copyrights. Since 2023, both organizations have conducted their own competitions and chosen their own Mister International winner.

The current Mister International 2024, Francisco Zafra of Spain, was crowned on November 10, 2024, in Toledo, Cebu, Philippines. He succeeded Mister International 2023, José Calle, also from Spain, marking a back-to-back victory for his country.
Alessandro Gentile
Alessandro Gentile (born November 12, 1992) is an Italian professional basketball player for Urania Milano of the Serie A2. Standing at 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in), he plays at the shooting guard and small forward positions. He was selected by the Minnesota Timberwolves with the 53rd overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft.

2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship
The 2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship was the 14th edition of the FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship. The competition featured 16 teams, held in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain from July 14–24. Spain became a champion for the first time.
Vegglifjell
Vegglifjell is a mountain range located along the border of Buskerud and Telemark counties in southern Norway. It runs through the municipalities of Tinn, Rollag, and Nore og Uvdal. The highest point is the 1,380-metre (4,530 ft) tall Skirveggen mountain. The mountain range is surrounded by the Numedalen valley to the east side, the Uvdalen valley to the north, and the Tessungdalen valley on the west side.

Tinn
Tinn is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional districts of Aust-Telemark and Upper Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Rjukan. Some of the villages in Tinn include Atrå, Austbygde, Hovin, and Miland.

The 2,045-square-kilometre (790 sq mi) municipality is the 34th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Tinn is the 172nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,546. The municipality's population density is 3 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.8/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7.1% over the previous 10-year period.

The Krossobanen is the oldest aerial tramway in Northern Europe. It was built in 1928 as a gift from Norsk Hydro. The Hardangervidda National Park center is located at the lake Møsvatn, just east of Tinn.
Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry
Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, KG, MVO, PC, PC (Ire) (13 May 1878 – 10 February 1949), styled Lord Stewart until 1884 and Viscount Castlereagh between 1884 and 1915, was a British peer and politician. He is best remembered in Great Britain for his tenure as Secretary of State for Air in the 1930s and for his attempts to reach an understanding with Nazi Germany. In 1935, he was removed from the Air Ministry but retained in the Cabinet as Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords. In Ireland, especially within Ulster, Lord Londonderry is best remembered for his opposition to Home Rule for Ireland in the early twentieth century.

Anglo-German Fellowship
The Anglo-German Fellowship was a membership organisation that existed from 1935 to 1939, and aimed to encourage friendly relations between the United Kingdom and Germany. Previous groups in Britain with the same aims had been wound up when Adolf Hitler came to power. It was sometimes perceived as being allied to Nazism and had fascist members. However, its founding leader Lord Mount Temple stated publicly that membership did not assume support for Nazism or antisemitism, and he later resigned in protest against Nazi antisemitism. The organisation closed down soon afterwards, at the beginning of the Second World War.
Jan Zamoyski
Jan Sariusz Zamoyski (Latin: Ioannes Zamoyski de Zamoscie; 19 March 1542 – 3 June 1605) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, statesman and the 1st ordynat of Zamość. He served as the Royal Secretary from 1565, Deputy Chancellor from 1576, Grand Chancellor of the Crown from 1578, and Great Hetman of the Crown from 1581.

Zamoyski was the General Starost of the city of Kraków from 1580 to 1585, Starost of Bełz, Międzyrzecz, Krzeszów, Knyszyn and Tartu. An important advisor to Kings Sigismund II Augustus and Stephen Báthory, he was one of the major opponents of Bathory's successor, Sigismund III Vasa, and one of the most skilled diplomats, politicians and statesmen of his time, standing as a major figure in the politics of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth throughout his life.

Crown land
Crown land, also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. Today, in Commonwealth realms, Crown land is considered public land and is not part of the monarch's private estate.
Sopwith Snipe
The Sopwith 7F.1 Snipe is a British single-seat biplane fighter of the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was designed and built by the Sopwith Aviation Company during the First World War, and came into squadron service a few weeks before the end of the conflict, in late 1918. The Snipe was not a fast aircraft by the standards of its time, but its excellent climb performance and manoeuvrability made it a good match for contemporary German fighters. It was selected as the standard postwar single-seat RAF fighter and the last examples were not retired until 1926.

No. 4 Squadron RAAF
No. 4 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force squadron composed of the air force special forces Combat Controllers, aircrew who operate the Pilatus PC-21 aircraft and instructors for the Australian Defence Force Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) course.

The squadron was previously a fighter and army co-operation unit active in both World War I and World War II. Formed in late 1917, the squadron operated on the Western Front as part of the Australian Flying Corps until the armistice in November 1918. It was disbanded after the war in mid-1919, but re-raised in 1937 and 1940. In 1942 it deployed to New Guinea, where it supported military forces by spotting for artillery and providing reconnaissance and close air support. As the war progressed, the squadron took part in the Huon Peninsula, New Britain and Borneo campaigns. It was disbanded in early 1948, but was re-formed on 2 July 2009 to provide training to forward air controllers and to support Army Special Operations Command.
Mary Chase Walker
Mary Chase Walker, Mrs. Morse (1828 – May 17, 1899) was an American schoolteacher, pioneer, and suffragette. In 1865 she became the first school teacher at Mason Street Schoolhouse, the first public school to be built in San Diego County, California. She recorded her Recollections of Early Times in San Diego in 1898.

Ephraim Morse
Ephraim W. Morse (October 16, 1823 – January 17, 1906) was an early settler of the city of San Diego, and was partially responsible for many of its expansions as a city, such as attracting the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and proposing Balboa Park.
Chappal Waddi
Chappal Waddi (also known as the Mountain of Death) is located in Nigeria and, at 2,419 m (7,936 ft), is the country's highest point. This peak, whose original and indigenous name is "Gang Peak" is steeped in enthralling ancient Mambilla mythologies. It represents the headquarters of some ancient mythological organizations. It is located in Taraba State, near the border with Cameroon, on the edge of the Gashaka Gumti Forest Reserve and the Gashaka-Gumti National Park on the Mambilla Plateau. It is a part of the Bamenda-Alantika-Mandara Mountain chain of Nigeria and Cameroon. According to local Mambilla legends, good fortunes or poor harvests in the agricultural cycles of the Mambilla Plateau were determined at Gang Mountain.

Mambilla Plateau
The Mambilla Plateau is a plateau in the Taraba State of Nigeria. The Mambilla Plateau has an average elevation of about 1,600 metres (5,249 ft) above sea level, making it the highest plateau in Nigeria. Some of its villages are situated on hills that are at least 1,828 metres (5,997 ft) above sea level. Some mountains on the plateau and around it are over 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) high, like Gang or Chappal Waddi which has a height of 2,419 metres (7,936 ft) above sea level. It is the highest mountain in Nigeria and in West Africa. The Mambilla Plateau measures about 96 km (60 mi) along its curved length; it is 40 km (25 mi) wide and is bounded by an escarpment that is about 900 m (2,953 ft) high in some places. The plateau covers an area of over 9,389 square kilometres (3,625 sq mi).
Neo-Byzantine architecture
Neo-Byzantine architecture (also referred to as Byzantine Revival) was a revival movement, most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It incorporates elements of the Byzantine style associated with Eastern and Orthodox Christian architecture dating from the 5th through 11th centuries, notably that of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and the Exarchate of Ravenna.

Neo-Byzantine architecture emerged in the 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of the 19th century with the Sacré-Coeur Basilica in Paris, and with monumental works in the Russian Empire, and later Bulgaria. The Neo-Byzantine school was active in Yugoslavia in the interwar period.

Revivalism (architecture)
Architectural revivalism is the use of elements that echo the style of a previous architectural era that have or had fallen into disuse or abeyance between their heyday and period of revival. Revivalism, in a narrower sense, refers to the period of and movement within Western architectural history during which a succession of antecedent and reminiscent styles were taken to by architects, roughly from the mid-18th century, and which was itself succeeded by Modernism around the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Notable revival styles include Neoclassical architecture (a revival of Classical architecture), and Gothic Revival (a revival of Gothic architecture). Revivalism is related to historicism.

Western architecture of the 19th century, including Victorian architecture, is an example of Revivalism.