hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Domain of discourse
In the formal sciences, the domain of discourse or universe of discourse (borrowing from the mathematical concept of universe) is the set of entities over which certain variables of interest in some formal treatment may range.

It is also defined as the collection of objects being discussed in a specific discourse.
In model-theoretical semantics, a universe of discourse is the set of entities that a model is based on.

The domain of discourse is usually identified in the preliminaries, so that there is no need in the further treatment to specify each time the range of the relevant variables. Many logicians distinguish, sometimes only tacitly, between the domain of a science and the universe of discourse of a formalization of the science.

In mathematics, the concept is distinguished from a universe, which is some set internal to a set theory, whereas a domain of discourse is metamathematical, allowing one to speak of the universe of sets or collection of all classes in a formal way.

Universal set
In set theory, a universal set is a set that contains all of the objects in the theory, including itself. In set theory as usually formulated, it can be proven in multiple ways that a universal set does not exist. However, some non-standard variants of set theory include a universal set.
FC Livyi Bereh Kyiv
Football Club Livyi Bereh Kyiv (Ukrainian: Футбольний клуб «Лівий берег» Київ) is a Ukrainian professional football club from Kyiv Oblast. The club is based at the Kyiv's Osokorky neighborhood located at the left-bank of Dnipro. It hosts its games in the Kyiv's suburb of Hnidyn (Zolochivska rural hromada), just outside of the city limits. In June 2021, the club was admitted to the Second League. In the 2025–26 season, the team played in the Ukrainian First League after relegation from Premier League.

Zolochivska rural hromada
Zolochivska rural hromada (Ukrainian: Золочівська сільська громада) is a hromada (community) of Ukraine, located in Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the village of Hnidyn. The hromada (community) is directly adjacent to the city of Kyiv by bordering on its southeastern outskirts of Darnytskyi District.
Thunderchild 115C
Thunderchild 115C is an Indian reserve of the Thunderchild First Nation in Saskatchewan. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 34 living in 14 of its 16 total private dwellings. The reserve is on the western shore of Turtle Lake adjacent to Horseshoe Bay.

Thunderchild First Nation
Thunderchild First Nation (Cree: ᑳ ᐱᑎᑰᓈᕽ, romanized: kâ-pitikônâhk) is an independent Cree First Nations band government in Turtleford, Saskatchewan, Canada with no affiliation with any Tribal Council. It is located approximately 113 kilometers northwest of North Battleford. European settlement in 1909 caused the reserve to be moved by the Government of Canada from its original location near Delmas, Saskatchewan to where it now currently resides near Turtleford, Saskatchewan.

The First Nation's population is 1,868 of whom approximately 630 reside on the reserve.

This reserve came about after Chief Piyesiw-awasis's headmen were forced to sign an adhesion to Treaty Six in August, 1879 at Special Area No. 4. Piyesiw-awasis was one of Big Bear's bodyguards until starvation and sickness led his people to adhere to the treaty. However, Piyesiw-awasis did not put his mark to the treaty document.
Fenoxycarb
Fenoxycarb is an insect growth regulator. It has a low toxicity for bees, birds, and humans, but is toxic to fish.  The oral LD50 for rats is greater than 16,800 milligrams per kilogram (0.269 oz/lb).

Fenoxycarb is non-neurotoxic and does not have the same mode of action as other carbamate insecticides. Instead, it prevents immature insects from reaching maturity by mimicking juvenile hormone (IRAC group 7B).

Carbamate
In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general formula R2NC(O)OR and structure >N−C(=O)−O−, which are formally derived from carbamic acid (NH2COOH).  The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate), formally obtained by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms by other organic functional groups; as well as salts with the carbamate anion H2NCOO− (e.g. ammonium carbamate).

Polymers whose repeat units are joined by carbamate like groups −NH−C(=O)−O− are an important family of plastics, the polyurethanes. See § Etymology for clarification.
Higashiura
Higashiura (東浦町, Higashiura-chō) is a town located in Chita District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. On 31 April 2023, the town had an estimated population of 50,182 in 21,426 households, and a population density of 1,611 per square kilometre (4,170/sq mi). This makes the town the most populous town in Aichi Prefecture, surpassing Takahama, Iwakura in population. The town is also the second most populous town in Japan, being surpassed by Fuchū, Hiroshima. The total area was 31.14 square kilometres (12.02 sq mi).

Kariya, Aichi
Kariya (刈谷市, Kariya-shi) is a city in central Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 153,162 in 66,751 households, and a population density of 3,040 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 50.39 square kilometres (19.46 sq mi).
East–West League
The East–West League was an American Negro baseball league that operated during the period when professional baseball in the United States was segregated.  Cum Posey organized the league in 1932, but it did not last the full year and folded in June of that year. It was the first Negro league to include teams from both the Eastern and Midwestern United States.

Although the league lasted less than one season, it featured one of the strongest teams in the history of Negro league baseball, the 1932 Detroit Wolves.  The league provided a foundation for the development of the second Negro National League, which would become the premier league for African American baseball players.

Cumberland Posey
Cumberland Willis "Cum" Posey Jr. (June 20, 1890 – March 28, 1946) was an American baseball player, manager, and team owner in the Negro leagues, as well as a professional basketball player and team owner.
Komory, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Komory [kɔˈmɔrɨ] (German: Kiefstücken) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Będzino, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Będzino
Gmina Będzino is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Będzino, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Koszalin and 128 km (80 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 180.92 square kilometres (69.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,287.
Duncan McGillivray
Duncan McGillivray (c. 1770 – April 9, 1808), born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, was an explorer and fur trader in the Western Canada.

In the mid 1790s, he served as the North West Company's clerk at Fort George in what is now Alberta, and he later accompanied David Thompson on explorations of Rupert's Land and the Canadian Rockies. In 1800, they reached what is now Banff National Park. By 1801, McGillivray was suffering from rheumatism, and returned to Montreal.

In 1808 Thompson gave what is now called the Kootenay River the name "McGillivray's River", in honour of William and Duncan McGillivray. Duncan also loved the outdoors, and once took home and dissected a mountain goat. Mount McGillivray, located east of Banff National Park, was also named in his honor.

Duncan was an older brother to Simon McGillivray, and both were involved in McTavish, McGillivrays & Co. with their brother William.

Buckingham House (fur-trade post)
Buckingham House (HBC) and Fort George (NWC) were two trading posts on the North Saskatchewan River near Elk Point, Alberta, from 1792 to 1800. Buckingham House belonged to the Hudson's Bay Company and Fort George to the North West Company. Both posts were on a wooded north bank of the North Saskatchewan River. A gully and a few hundred yards separated them. They were important as entrepots for posts on the upper Beaver River (Canada). Dogrump Creek flows into the North Saskatchewan River nearby. Since 1993 an interpretive center operated at the location.
Christian Burns (basketball)
Christian Charles Burns (born September 4, 1985) is an American-Italian professional basketball player for Vanoli Cremona of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA), top league of Italia. He also represents the Italian national team.

Pallacanestro Brescia
The Pallacanestro Brescia, better known for sponsorship reasons as Germani Brescia, is an Italian professional basketball team, based in Brescia, Lombardy. Founded in 2009, the team plays in the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA) since the 2016–17 season.
Charles III William
Charles III William (German: Karl III. Wilhelm; 27 January [O.S. 17 January] 1679 – 12 May 1738) was Margrave of Baden-Durlach between 1709 and 1738. He was the son of Margrave Frederick Magnus of Baden-Durlach and Augusta Maria of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.
In 1715, he established Karlsruhe (Charles' repose), where he built his residence. Karlsruhe has since grown to a large city. With the consolidation of public finances and the creation of a reliable administration, he laid the foundations for the reform policies of his grandson, Charles Frederick.

Augusta Marie of Holstein-Gottorp
Augusta Marie of Holstein-Gottorp (6 February 1649 – 25 April 1728) was a German noblewoman who became a Margravine of Baden-Durlach by virtue of marriage. Born into the House of Holstein-Gottorp, she was a daughter of Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony. She was known as the castle builder for her role in building Schloss Augustenburg in Grötzingen, Karlsruhe.
Frank E. Lawson
Frank E. Lawson (born August 9, 1868, in Delavan, Wisconsin) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Lawson was elected to the Assembly in 1922, 1924 and 1926. Additionally, he was Town Clerk of Walworth (town), Wisconsin and President of the Village Board (similar to city council) of Walworth, Wisconsin. He was a Republican.

Walworth (town), Wisconsin
Walworth is a town in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,565 at the 2020 census. The Village of Walworth is located within the town. The unincorporated communities of Big Foot Prairie and Delavan Lake are also located partially in the town.
Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association
The Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association was a peer-reviewed medical journal devoted to the healthcare needs of LGBT people, published by Plenum Publishing Corporation until 2002. The journal published a variety of clinical research, review articles, and essays. It was the official journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association. Vincent Silenzio served as co-editor in chief.

GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ+ Equality
GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ+ Equality (GLMA) is an association of LGBTQ+ and allied health professionals in the United States. Its members include interdisciplinary health professionals, such as physicians, nurses, physician associates, behavioral health specialists, researchers and academics, and their supporters.
Otago, Tasmania
Otago is a rural residential locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Brighton and Clarence in the Hobart LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the town of Brighton. The 2016 census recorded a population of 554 for the state suburb of Otago.
It is a suburb of Hobart, located on the shores of Otago Bay.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Julia Coleman (temperance activist)
Julia Coleman was an American educator from the state of New York. She was Superintendent of the Literature (publications) Department of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).  In 1868 she presented a lecture on "Alcohol our Enemy" at her church and quickly became involved in anti-alcohol activities. She wrote temperance articles for the National Temperance Publishing House and the Youth's Temperance Visitor. She then became convinced that temperance should be taught in the schools, a belief shared by Mary Hunt, with whom she worked closely. In doing so she contributed significantly to Scientific Temperance Instruction and was an important part of the temperance movement.

Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction
The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, the educational arm of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), was an important part of the temperance movement and played a significant role in generating support for prohibition of alcohol in the U.S.
Blue Ribbon Open
The Blue Ribbon Open was a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour, played only in 1951. It was held in Wisconsin at the North Hills Country Club in Menomonee Falls, northwest of Milwaukee.

Part-time Hollywood actor Joe Kirkwood Jr. won the event at 271 (–13), two shots over runners-up Sam Snead and Jim Ferrier, the 54-hole leader. The purse was $20,000 with a winner's share of $2,750. Kirkwood equaled the course record in the final round with a seven-under 64. He had won on tour three years earlier at the Philadelphia Inquirer Open. Following the win, Kirkwood left to go fishing in northern Wisconsin.

North Hills was the site of the Milwaukee Open in 1940 and later hosted the Milwaukee Open Invitational in 1960 and 1961.

Joe Kirkwood Jr.
Reginald Thomas Kirkwood (30 May 1920 – 7 September 2006), better known as Joe Kirkwood Jr., was a professional golfer on the PGA Tour and a film actor. He started going by the name Joe Jr. in the late 1930s.
Canby's Cross
Canby's Cross is located in Lava Beds National Monument, about 3 miles south of Tule Lake, and 5 miles south-southwest of the town of Tulelake, California. It was erected to commemorate General Canby's death at a peace gathering.  General Canby was shot in the face by Captain Jack of the Modoc tribe, who was later hanged for the killing. The cross is registered as a California Historical Landmark.

The cross reads: Gen Canby USA was murdered here by the Modocs April 11, 1873.

The elevation of Canby's Cross is 4058 ft (1237 m).

Tule Lake
Tule Lake (/ˈtuːliː/ TOO-lee) is an intermittent lake covering an area of 13,000 acres (20 sq mi) extending five miles (8 km) long and three miles (5 km) across, in northeastern Siskiyou County and northwestern Modoc County in California, along the border with Oregon.
Part II Bistro Ladies Classic
The Part II Bistro Ladies Classic (formerly the Listowel Women's Classic and the Listowel Women's Cash Spiel) is a bonspiel that is part of the women's Ontario Curling Tour. The event is an annual event held in November and takes place at the Wingham Golf and Curling Club in Wingham, Ontario. Prior to 2018 it was held at the Listowel Curling Club in Listowel, Ontario. The first event was held in 2015, and was sponsored by Libro Credit Union. In its latest season in 2019, it was part of the World Curling Tour.

Listowel, Ontario
Listowel /ˈlɪstəwəl/ is an unincorporated community in Ontario, Canada, located in the Municipality of North Perth. Incorporated as the Town of Listowel in 1875, it was dissolved in 1998 following amalgamation with several other communities in the northern section of Perth County. Its population was 9,539 at the Canada 2021 Census in a land area of 6.73 square kilometres; at the time there were 3,910 occupied dwellings.
Scorpion (Eve album)
Scorpion is the second studio album by American rapper Eve. It was released by Ruff Ryders Entertainment and Interscope Records on March 6, 2001, in the United States. The album's title is a reference to Eve's zodiac sign, Scorpio. It features the hit single "Let Me Blow Ya Mind", a duet with Gwen Stefani of No Doubt, which won the first Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration, a new category at the time.

Scorpion was a critical and commercial success, debuting at number four on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 162,000 copies and became her second consecutive number-one album on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Scorpion was later certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on May 10, 2001, for shipments of one million copies. Scorpion was also nominated for Best Rap Album at the 44th Grammy Awards in 2002. As of 2007, it sold 1,500,000 units in the US.

44th Annual Grammy Awards
The 44th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 27, 2002, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. The main recipient was Alicia Keys, winning five Grammys, including Best New Artist and Song of the Year for "Fallin'". U2 won four awards including Record of the Year and Best Rock Album, while opening the show with a performance of "Walk On".
2013 The National
The 2013 National was held from January 23 to 27 at the Port Hawkesbury Civic Centre in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia. It was the third men's Grand Slam event of the 2012–13 curling season. The purse for the event was CAD$100,000. In the final, Jeff Stoughton defeated a struggling Mike McEwen with a score of 8–2 in six ends.

Jeff Stoughton
Jeffrey R. Stoughton (born July 26, 1963) is a Canadian retired curler. He is a three-time Brier champion and two-time World champion as skip. Stoughton retired from competitive curling in 2015.  He is currently the National Men's Coach and Program Manager for Curling Canada, as well as being the head coach of the Canadian Mixed Doubles National Team.
River Till, Wiltshire
The River Till rises near Tilshead on Salisbury Plain in the English county of Wiltshire. It flows for about 14 km (9 miles) south and south-east, through Orcheston, Maddington, Shrewton, Winterbourne Stoke, Berwick St James and Stapleford, to join the River Wylye.

The upper part of the river is a winterbourne, flowing only in winter and early spring. The whole length of the Till has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, as its vegetation includes water crowfoot which provides habitat for fish and snails.

Although Tilshead village appears to be named from the river, the opposite applies. The village name was first used in the 16th century, and comes from older names based on "Theodwulf's hide" (recorded in Domesday Book as Tidolthide). The river was called the Winterbourne until around the start of the 20th century, when the name River Till began to be used on Ordnance Survey maps.

Maddington, Wiltshire
Maddington is a small settlement and former civil parish, now in the parish of Shrewton, on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. It is on the River Till. Its nearest town is Amesbury, about 6 miles (10 km) to the southeast. In 1931 the parish had a population of 329.

At the time of the Domesday Book (1086), the manor was held by Amesbury Abbey. In 1825 the parish contained seventy-eight houses and had a population of 369. By 1841 the parish of Maddington extended east and south of the village.

For local government purposes, Maddington was added to the adjoining Shrewton parish on 1 April 1934. As Shrewton expanded during the 20th century, Maddington became an area of Shrewton.

St Mary's Church was built in the 13th century, then partly rebuilt in the 17th and 19th. It was declared redundant in 1975 and is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.

Maddington Manor is a two-storey 18th-century house in brick, remodelled and extended at the front in the 1830s.
Ganodermataceae
The Ganodermataceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. As of April 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 8 genera and 300 species in the family. The family was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1948 to contain polypores with a double spore wall. The inner wall is verruculose (with moderate-sized growths) to ornamented, thickened and usually coloured, while the outer wall is thin and hyaline.

Polyporales
The Polyporales are an order of about 1,800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some (but not all) polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics (mainly in the genus Lentinus). Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.
Doggyland
Doggyland is a musical computer-animated children's YouTube channel co-created in 2022 by American rapper Snoop Dogg, Claude Brooks, producer and creator of Hip Hop Harry, and American singer October London. The channel specializes on a cast of colorful dogs that teach social, emotional, and cognitive skills through music aimed at small children, similar to most children's channels like Cocomelon.

The title of the YouTube channel is based on Dogg's song "Doggyland", from Tha Doggfather. It airs weekly on Tuesdays.

October London
Jared Samuel Erskine (born October 17, 1986), known professionally as October London, is an American singer and songwriter. He signed to Death Row Records by Snoop Dogg in 2022 and released his studio album, The Rebirth of Marvin, in 2023. Its single, "Back to Your Place", topped the Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart and was nominated for three Soul Train Music Awards.
Schiller Theater
The Schiller Theater is a theatre building in Berlin, Germany. It is located in the central Charlottenburg district at Bismarckstraße 110, near Ernst-Reuter-Platz.

Opened in 1907, the building served as a second venue for the Prussian State Theatre company in the 1920s and 1930s. After post-war rebuilding, it was the main stage of the Berlin State Theatres from 1951, until in 1993, the City Senate decided to close it for financial reasons. Since then, it has been rented out for theatre performances and other events, and was used by the Berlin State Opera as an interim venue during extensive renovation work from 2010 to 2017.

Charlottenburg
Charlottenburg (German: [ʃaʁˈlɔtn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ) is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Established as a town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort of Prussia, it is best known for Charlottenburg Palace – the largest surviving such royal palace in Berlin – and the adjacent museums.

Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 when it was incorporated into "Groß-Berlin" (Greater Berlin) and transformed into a borough. In the course of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former borough of Wilmersdorf becoming a part of a new borough called Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Later, in 2004, the new borough's districts were rearranged, dividing the former borough of Charlottenburg into the localities of Charlottenburg proper, Westend and Charlottenburg-Nord.