hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franz Petrasch
Franz, Freiherr von Petrasch (1746 – 17 January 1820) was an Austrian general officer serving in the Austrian Empire during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was the third generation of a bourgeois family in which two brothers, seeking adventure, joined the Habsburg military and rose through the ranks.  The family was elevated to the Moravia nobility in the early eighteenth century, and to the Hungarian nobility in 1722.

Franz Petrasch served throughout the Habsburg's wars with France, in particular the Rhine Campaign of 1796 and the Swiss campaigns of 1799.

Second Battle of Zurich
The Second Battle of Zurich (25–26 September 1799) was a key victory by the Republican French army in Switzerland led by André Masséna over a Russian force commanded by Alexander Rimsky-Korsakov near Zürich, as it broke the stalemate that had resulted from the First Battle of Zurich three months earlier and led to the withdrawal of Russia from the Second Coalition. Masséna took full advantage of the incompetence of the Russian commander who had accidentally scattered his forces, and launched a bold assault. Most of the fighting took place on both banks of the river Limmat up to the gates of Zürich, and within the city itself. It was arguably the most significant French victory of 1799.

The same days saw a battle between Hotze's Austrians and Soult's French at the River Linth.
Cher (1987 album)
Cher is the eighteenth studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released on November 10, 1987, by Geffen Records. The album has been certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA and Gold in Australia by ARIA and the UK by BPI.

Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)
"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)" is the second single by American singer-actress Cher from her second album, The Sonny Side of Chér (1966). It was written by her husband Sonny Bono and released in 1966. It reached No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart and No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 for a week (behind "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration" by The Righteous Brothers), eventually becoming one of Cher's biggest-selling singles of the 1960s.
Motorsport Network
Motorsport Network is an American media and technology company headquartered in Miami, Florida and London, UK. The company's proprietary brands, websites and OTT operations focus on motor racing and consumer automotive content serving and presenting content to audiences worldwide. The privately held business was founded in 2015 with the acquisition of Motorsport.com and now operates international digital, videogame, print, e-commerce & event businesses.

Haymarket Media Group
Haymarket Media Group is a private media company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It has publications in the consumer, business and customer sectors, both print and online. It operates exhibitions allied to its own publications, and previously on behalf of organisations such as the BBC.
Morgan Shepherd
Clay Morgan Shepherd (born October 12, 1941) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 89 Chevrolet Camaro for Shepherd Racing Ventures. He is a born again Christian who serves as a lay minister to the racing community. He competed in NASCAR for over 50 years, having one of the longest careers in the sport.

Shepherd became the second-oldest race winner (after Harry Gant) in 1993, when he won the spring race at Atlanta at the age of 51 years, four months, and 27 days. He holds the record for oldest driver to start a race in NASCAR's top three series at age 77, as well as oldest starter in the NASCAR Cup Series race at the 2014 Camping World RV Sales 301 at age 72.

RahMoc Enterprises
Rahmoc Enterprises is a former NASCAR Winston Cup team that operated from 1978 to 1993. The team was owned by long-time engine builder Bob Rahilly and Butch Mock. Rahilly and Mock split in 1992, with the race team becoming Butch Mock Motorsports in 1993.
Rahmoc Enterprises remains in operation today, with Dick and Bob Rahilly still building, servicing and supplying engines for many NASCAR teams. They also house race cars and manage several smaller race teams.
Nosophobia
Nosophobia, also known as disease phobia or illness anxiety disorder, is the irrational fear of contracting a disease, a type of specific phobia. Primary fears of this kind are fear of contracting HIV infection (AIDS phobia or HIV serophobia), pulmonary tuberculosis (phthisiophobia), sexually transmitted infections (syphilophobia or venereophobia), cancer (carcinophobia), heart diseases (cardiophobia), COVID-19 (coronaphobia), and catching the common cold or flu.

The word nosophobia comes from the Greek νόσος nosos for "disease" and φόβος, phobos, "fear".

Medical students' disease
Medical students' disease (also known as second year syndrome or intern's syndrome) is a condition frequently reported in medical students, who perceive themselves to be experiencing the symptoms of a disease that they are studying.

The condition is associated with the fear of contracting the disease in question. Some authors suggested that the condition must be referred to as nosophobia rather than "hypochondriasis", because the quoted studies show a very low percentage of hypochondriacal character of the condition, and hence the term "hypochondriasis" would have ominous therapeutic and prognostic indications. The reference suggests that the condition is associated with immediate preoccupation with the symptoms in question, leading the student to become unduly aware of various casual psychological and physiological dysfunctions; cases show little correlation with the severity of psychopathology, but rather with accidental factors related to learning and experience.
Slava Metreveli
Slava Kalistratovich Metreveli (Georgian: სლავა კალისტრატეს ძე მეტრეველი; Russian: Слава Калистратович Метревели, 30 May 1936 – 7 January 1998) was a Soviet and Georgian football player and manager.

Metreveli played most of his career for Torpedo Moscow (1956–1962) and Dinamo Tbilisi (1963–1971).

1960 European Nations' Cup final
The 1960 European Nations' Cup final was a football match played at Parc des Princes in Paris, France, on 10 July 1960, to determine the winners of the 1960 European Nations' Cup. It was the first European Championship final, UEFA's top football competition for national teams. The match was contested by the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.

En route to the final, the Soviet Union defeated Hungary over a two-legged tie, before receiving a walkover in the quarter-finals after Spain withdrew from the tournament. In the semi-finals, the Soviet Union won 3–0 against Czechoslovakia. Meanwhile, Yugoslavia defeated Bulgaria, Portugal and France, the host nation for the final tournament, en route to the final match.

The referee for the final, played in front of 17,966 spectators in rainy conditions, was Arthur Ellis from England. The Soviet Union would secure a 2–1 victory after extra time, winning the inaugural edition of the tournament.
Bua Ngam, Buntharik
Bua Ngam (Thai: บัวงาม)  is a tambon (subdistrict) located in the central region of Buntharik district, in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. In 2021, it had a population of 10,374 people. Neighbouring subdistricts are (clockwise from the south) Huai Kha, Non Kho, Nong Sano, and Phon Ngam.

Non Kho, Buntharik
Non Kho (Thai: โนนค้อ)  is a tambon (subdistrict) located in the western region of Buntharik district, in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. In 2021, it had a population of 7,022 people. Neighbouring subdistricts are (clockwise from the south) Huai Kha, Sok Saeng, Nong Sano, and Bua Ngam.
Glen Austin
Glen Austin is a suburb of Midrand, South Africa. It is located in Region A of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. The stands within Glen Austin are all classed as Agricultural Holdings, with none being smaller than 8500 square meters.

Midrand
Midrand is a town in central Gauteng, South Africa. It is situated in-between Centurion and Sandton. Formerly an independent municipality, Midrand now forms part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.
Ignorance Is Bliss (Skepta album)
Ignorance Is  Bliss is the fifth studio album by British rapper Skepta. It was released on 31 May 2019 through Boy Better Know, and is the follow-up to his 2016 album Konnichiwa. The album features appearances from Nafe Smallz, Key!, J Hus, Cheb Rabi, B Live, Lancey Foux, Lay-Z, Wizkid and Boy Better Know.

Upon release, Ignorance Is Bliss was met with positive reviews and debuted at number two on the UK Albums Chart. The album was supported by the singles "Bullet from a Gun" and "Greaze Mode" with Nafe Smallz.

Boy Better Know
Boy Better Know, often abbreviated as BBK, is a British grime collective and record label. The collective was founded in North London in 2005 as an independent record label by brothers Jamie and Joseph Adenuga, better known as Jme and Skepta, respectively. The former also serves as a sole owner and director of an associated company, Boy Better Know Limited, incorporated in 2008. All members of the collective use the record label as a means to publish their music, and is digitally distributed by The Orchard, a subsidiary of Sony Music.
Tunganistan
Tunganistan (or Dunganistan) is an exonym for the territory in southern Xinjiang administered by the New 36th Division of the National Revolutionary Army from 1934 to 1937, amidst the Chinese Civil War in China proper. The New 36th Division consisted almost exclusively of Hui Muslim soldiers and was led by the Hui Muslim warlord Ma Hushan. At the time, the Hui were known as the "Tunganis" in Western literature, hence the name "Tunganistan".

Ruoqiang County
Ruoqiang County (Chinese: 若羌县) as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Uyghur as Qakilik County (Uyghur: چاقىلىق ناھىيىسى; Chinese: 卡克里克县), is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China under the administration of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It covers an area of 198,318 square kilometres (76,571 sq mi) (about twice the size of Zhejiang province and similar to Kyrgyzstan or Senegal), making it the largest county-level division in the country.

The county seat is in Ruoqiang Town. This is the location which less-detailed maps will label as "Ruoqiang". It lies at an altitude of 848 metres (2,782 ft).
Guardian Project (software)
The Guardian Project is a global collective of software developers, designers, advocates, activists, and trainers who develop open-source mobile security software and operating system enhancements. They also create customized mobile devices to help individuals communicate more freely and protect themselves from intrusion and monitoring. The effort specifically focuses on users who live or work in high-risk situations and who often face constant surveillance and intrusion attempts into their mobile devices and communication streams.

Firefox for Android
Firefox for Android is a web browser developed by Mozilla for Android smartphones and tablet computers. As with its desktop version, it uses the Gecko layout engine, and supports features such as synchronization with Firefox Sync, and add-ons.

The initial version of Firefox for Android was codenamed Fennec and branded Firefox for mobile; it initially supported Maemo and Android before supporting MeeGo and Firefox OS as well. Support for Maemo was later dropped. In 2020, a redesigned version of Firefox for Android (codenamed Fenix, and also branded as Firefox Daylight) was released, which introduced a new internal architecture and user interface inspired by Firefox Focus, new privacy features, and switching to curated WebExtensions for add-ons.
1911 Philadelphia mayoral election
The 1911 Philadelphia mayoral election saw the election of Rudolph Blankenburg.

This was the first time since 1881 that a Republican did not win the election, and the last time until 1951, with every other election between those years seeing a Republican nominee win.

1881 Philadelphia mayoral election
The 1881 Philadelphia mayoral election saw Samuel G. King defeat three-term incumbent mayor William S. Stokley.

This would be the last time until 1951 that a Democrat would win the mayoralty of Philadelphia. It would also be the last time until 1911 that a Republican would fail to win the mayoralty.

The Philadelphia Republican establishment had not accepted Stokley as one of their own and prominent reformist Republicans such as Rudolph Blankenburg opposed Stokley for corruption.

After the influential Committee of One Hundred voted to endorse Stokley, Blankenburg and John Paul Verree resigned their memberships. The Committee reversed itself and endorsed King in the election.
Battle of Zinjibar (2011–2012)
The Battle of Zinjibar was a battle between forces loyal to Yemeni leader Ali Abdullah Saleh and Islamist militant forces, possibly including elements of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), for control of the town of Zinjibar and its surroundings as part of the wider insurgency in the self-declared Al-Qaeda Emirate in Yemen. Many of the Islamist forces operating in Abyan province refer to themselves as Ansar al-Sharia ("Partisans of Sharia").

Abyan Governorate
Abyan (Arabic: أَبْيَنْ ʾAbyan) is a governorate of Yemen.  The Abyan region was historically part of the Fadhli Sultanate.  It was a base to the Aden-Abyan Islamic Army militant group. Its capital is the city of Zinjibar.  This governorate is noted for its agriculture, in particular the cultivation of date palms and animal husbandry.
Lucas Vila
Lucas Martín Vila (born 23 August 1986) is an Argentine former field hockey player who played as a forward.

He made his debut for the national squad in 2005, after having played the Junior World Cup in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He played a total of 274 times for the Argentina national team until 2023. His older brothers Matías and Rodrigo were also field hockey players for Argentina.

Field hockey at the 2019 Pan American Games – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2019 Pan American Games was the 14th edition of the field hockey event for men at the Pan American Games. It took place over a twelve-day period beginning on 30 July, and culminated with the medal finals on 10 August.

The winner of the tournament qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
Muhammad Rian Ardianto
Muhammad Rian Ardianto (born 13 February 1996) is an Indonesian badminton player. Born in Bantul, Yogyakarta SR, Ardianto plays for the Jaya Raya Jakarta club at national events. He won the men's doubles silver medal at the 2018 Asian Games, the bronze medals at the 2017 SEA Games, and at the 2019 and 2022 World Championships. Ardianto was part of Indonesia winning team at the 2020 Thomas Cup. He reached a career high of world number 1 in the men's doubles with Fajar Alfian on 27 December 2022.

2024 China Masters
The 2024 China Masters  (officially known as the Li-Ning China Masters 2024 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament that took place at Shenzhen Arena in Shenzhen, China, from 19 to 24 November 2024, and featured a total prize pool of $1,150,000.
Yato Castle
Yato Castle (谷戸城, Yato-jō) was a Heian period yamashiro-style Japanese castle located in the Ōizumi neighborhood of the city of Hokuto, Yamanashi prefecture, Japan. It was the primary fortress of the warlord Henmi Kiyomitsu, ancestor of the Takeda clan. The ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1993.

Hokuto, Yamanashi
Hokuto (北杜市, Hokuto-shi) is a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020,  the city had an estimated population of 45,684  in 22,091 households, and a population density of 78 inhabitants per square kilometre (200/sq mi). The total area of the city is 602.48 square kilometres (232.62 sq mi).
Public Interest Registry
Public Interest Registry is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation based in Reston, Virginia, created by the Internet Society in 2002 to manage the .ORG top-level domain. It took over operation of .ORG in January 2003 and launched the .NGO and .ONG top-level domains in March 2015.

In November 2019, it was announced that the Internet Society intents to sell the Public Interest Registry to the private equity investment firm Ethos Capital for 1.135 billion USD. Following concerns raised by the attorney general of California, ICANN decided to reject the sale in April 2020.

Internet Society
The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American non-profit advocacy organization whose purpose is to promote an open and safe internet. Founded in 1992, it has offices in Reston, Virginia, United States, and Geneva, Switzerland, with local chapters around the world.
Mansfield Park
Mansfield Park is the third published novel by the English author Jane Austen, first published in 1814 by Thomas Egerton. A second edition was published in 1816 by John Murray, still within Austen's lifetime. The novel did not receive any public reviews until 1821.

The novel tells the story of Fanny Price, starting when her overburdened family sends her at the age of ten to live in the household of her wealthy aunt and uncle and following her development into early adulthood. From early on critical interpretation has been diverse, differing particularly over the character of the heroine, Austen's views about theatrical performance and the centrality or otherwise of ordination and religion, and on the question of slavery. Some of these problems have been highlighted in the several later adaptations of the story for stage and screen.

Mary Crawford (Mansfield Park)
Mary Crawford is a major character in Jane Austen's 1814 novel, Mansfield Park. Mary is depicted as attractive, caring and charismatic. The reader is gradually shown, often through the eyes of Fanny Price, a hidden, darker side to Mary's personality. Her wit disguises her superficiality and her charisma disguises her self-centredness. Edmund Bertram, an earnest young man and destined for the clergy falls deeply in love with her. Only at the end of the novel does reality overcome his romantic fantasies and he leaves her with deep regret.

There is love and warmth in Mary's character and she is capable of genuine kindness. She grows in respect for Edmund and his values despite her fervent opposition to them. This heightened tension between her moral and materialistic values makes Mary's future search for a suitable husband more complex. She has great potential but it is unclear whether she will ever overcome the corrupting influence of London society's narcissistic culture.
Gradient boosting
Gradient boosting is a machine learning technique based on boosting in a functional space, where the target is pseudo-residuals instead of residuals as in traditional boosting. It gives a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models, i.e., models that make very few assumptions about the data, which are typically simple decision trees. When a decision tree is the weak learner, the resulting algorithm is called gradient-boosted trees; it usually outperforms random forest. As with other boosting methods, a gradient-boosted trees model is built in stages, but it generalizes the other methods by allowing optimization of an arbitrary differentiable loss function.

Learning to rank
Learning to rank (LTR) or machine-learned ranking (MLR) is the application of machine learning, often supervised, semi-supervised or reinforcement learning, in the construction of ranking models for information retrieval and recommender systems. Training data may, for example, consist of lists of items with some partial order specified between items in each list. This order is typically induced by giving a numerical or ordinal score or a binary judgment (e.g. "relevant" or "not relevant") for each item. The goal of constructing the ranking model is to rank new, unseen lists in a similar way to rankings in the training data.
François Joseph Clozel
Marie François Joseph Clozel (29 March 1860 – 10 May 1918) was a French colonial administrator who became Governor General of French West Africa.
Interested in understanding the region, he took an active part in developing French scientific research in West Africa in collaboration with the anthropologist Maurice Delafosse.

Joost van Vollenhoven
Joost van Vollenhoven (21 July 1877, Rotterdam – 20 July 1918, Parcy-et-Tigny, Aisne) was a Dutch-born French soldier and colonial administrator.  Van Vollenhoven died in the Second Battle of the Marne.
Simaroubaceae
The Simaroubaceae, also known as the quassia family, are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 2007, greatly clarifying relationships within the family. Together with chemical characteristics such as the occurrence of petroselinic acid in Picrasma, in contrast to other members of the family such as Ailanthus, this indicates the existence of a subgroup in the family with Picrasma, Holacantha, and Castela.

The best-known species is the temperate Chinese tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima, which has become a cosmopolitan weed tree of urban areas and wildlands.

Well-known genera in the family include the tropical Quassia and Simarouba.

It is known in English by the common names of the quassia family or ailanthus family.

Castela
Castela is a genus of thorny shrubs and small trees in the family Simaroubaceae. Members of the genus are native to the Americas, especially the tropical regions. The generic name honours the French naturalist René Richard Louis Castel. Castela is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.
The Dogbones
The Dogbones are an alternative rock band that were formed in London, in late 2007. All of the four founding musicians are former members of Daisy Chainsaw and Queenadreena, notable bands of the London alternative scene.

Crispin Gray
Crispin John Orion Gray (born 1963) is an English guitarist and songwriter. Best known for his bands Daisy Chainsaw and Queenadreena, Gray has also played with Dizzy Q Viper, Vapid Dolly and The Dogbones. He is currently a member of Starsha Lee. His great uncle was British poet John Gray, allegedly the inspiration for Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray. In November 2022, Gray released his first ever solo project, Alien Airforce, via Public Pressure.
Deuxhill
Deuxhill (/ˈdjuːkshɪl/ DYOOKS-hill) is a hamlet and very small civil parish in Shropshire, England.

The nearest town is Bridgnorth. The hamlet is situated on the B4363 road, north of Billingsley. Between the two parishes flows the Horsford Brook. To the north and east is the small parish of Glazeley.

According to the 2001 census it had a population of 20. It is the smallest parish in Shropshire by area – the smallest by population is Boscobel.

Despite the small population, there is a village hall.

Glazeley
Glazeley is a hamlet and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

It is situated on the B4363 road, southwest of  Bridgnorth.

There is a parish church in the hamlet. The civil parish is small and borders the even smaller parish of Deuxhill. The Borle Brook flows to the northeast of the hamlet, and Glazeley Bridge takes the B-road over this small river. The smaller Crunells Brook forms the southern boundary of the parish.