hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North Caucasus Line
The North Caucasus Line (Russian: Кавказская линия) was a line of Russian forts and Cossack settlements along the north side of the Caucasus Mountains. Originating in the mid-16th century with a small number of free Cossacks near the Caspian Sea, from the mid-18th century the line was pushed west and used as a base to conquer the mountains to the south and to settle the steppes to the north.

Russian conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan
The Russian conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan, whose later phase from 1829 to 1859 is also known as the Murid War, was the eastern theatre of the Caucasian War of 1817–1864. During this campaign, the Russian Empire conquered the independent peoples of the Eastern Caucasus.

When Russia annexed Georgia in 1801, it needed to control the Georgian Military Road in the central Caucasus – the only practical north–south route across the mountains. Russian control of the road meant the division of the fighting in the Caucasian War into two theatres. West of the road, in the Russo-Circassian War, the tribes did not unite and the war became very complex.  In the east the tribes joined in the Caucasian Imamate, a military-theocratic state which held out for thirty years. This state, established by Ghazi Muhammad in 1829–1832, came under the rule of Imam Shamil from 1834 until his surrender in 1859.
Drumane
Drumane (from Irish Droim Éan, meaning 'Ridge of the Birds') is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Templeport and barony of Tullyhaw.

Templeport
Templeport (Irish: Teampall an Phoirt) is a civil parish in the barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland. The chief towns in the parish are Bawnboy and Ballymagauran. The large Roman Catholic parish of Templeport containing 42,172 statute acres was split up in the 18th & 19th centuries into three new parishes, Templeport, Corlough and Glangevlin.
Dumont High School
Dumont High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grade from Dumont, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Dumont Public Schools.

The school operates under the authority of the New Jersey Department of Education and has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1939.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 704 students and 65.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1. There were 105 students (14.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 12 (1.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Dumont, New Jersey
Dumont is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 17,863, an increase of 384 (+2.2%) from the 2010 census count of 17,479, which in turn reflected a decrease of 24 (−0.1%) from the 17,503 counted in the 2000 census.

The borough was originally formed on July 20, 1891, as the Borough of Schraalenburgh from portions of Harrington Township and Palisades Township, based on the results of a referendum held the previous day. The borough was formed during the "Boroughitis" phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County, in which 26 boroughs were formed in the county in 1894 alone. On March 7, 1898, portions of the borough were annexed to Palisades Township. On June 13, 1898, the borough's name was changed to Dumont in honor of Dumont Clarke, the borough's first mayor.
Counting measure
In mathematics, specifically measure theory, the counting measure is an intuitive way to put a measure on any set – the "size" of a subset is taken to be the number of elements in the subset if the subset has finitely many elements, and infinity  if the subset is infinite.

The counting measure can be defined on any measurable space (that is, any set  along with a sigma-algebra)  but is mostly used on countable sets.

In formal notation, we can turn any set  into a measurable space by taking the power set of  as the sigma-algebra  that is, all subsets of  are measurable sets.  
Then the counting measure  on this measurable space  is the positive measure  defined by

for all  where  denotes the cardinality of the set

The counting measure on  is σ-finite if and only if the space  is countable.

Σ-finite measure
In mathematics, given a positive or a signed measure  on a measurable space , a -finite subset is a measurable subset which is the union of a countable number of measurable subsets of finite measure. The measure  is called a -finite measure if the set  is -finite.

A finite measure, for instance a probability measure, is always -finite.

A different but related notion that should not be confused with -finiteness is s-finiteness.
Sand Lake Road station
Sand Lake Road station is a train station in the Pine Castle area of Orange County, Florida.
The station serves SunRail, the commuter rail service of Central Florida.  The station was the southern terminus of SunRail up until July 30, 2018, when service was extended south to Poinciana. The station is the first passenger station to exist in Pine Castle since the decline of service from the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad.

SunRail
SunRail (reporting mark CFRC) is a commuter rail system in the Greater Orlando, Florida, area. Services began on May 1, 2014. The system comprises 17 stations along a former CSX Transportation line connecting Volusia County and Osceola County through Downtown Orlando. The SunRail system is financed by the state and federal governments and the counties it serves. SunRail is Florida's second commuter rail system after South Florida's Tri-Rail.

A southern extension to Poinciana via Kissimmee, with four additional stations, opened on July 30, 2018. On August 12, 2024, SunRail started a new service to DeLand as part of the northern extension.

In 2025, the line had a ridership of 1,215,400, or about 4,900 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Corn smut
Corn smut is a plant disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Mycosarcoma maydis, synonym Ustilago maydis. One of several cereal crop pathogens called smut, the fungus forms galls on all above-ground parts of corn species such as maize and teosinte. The infected corn is edible; in Mexico, it is considered a delicacy, called huitlacoche, often eaten as a filling in quesadillas and other tortilla-based dishes, as well as in soups.

Ustilagic acid
Ustilagic acid is an organic compound with the formula C36H64O18. The acid is a cellobiose lipid produced by the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis under conditions of nitrogen starvation. The acid was discovered in 1950 and was proved to be an amphipathic glycolipid with surface active properties. The name comes from Latin ustus which means burnt and refers to the scorched appearance of the smut fungi.
Tyle Mill
Tyle Mill is a mill on the River Kennet near Sulhamstead, Berkshire, England. The mill originally produced flour; a fire in 1914 burned down the buildings and the rebuilt mill became a sawmill.
 In 1936 it was acquired by George Clemens Usher, director of Abedare Cables of South Africa Limited, and became a private house which was owned by him for decades.

Tyle Mill Lock on the Kennet Navigation is near the mill.

Sulhamstead
Sulhamstead is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England. It occupies an approximate rectangle of land south of the (Old) Bath Road (A4) between Reading, its nearest town and Thatcham.  It has several small clusters of homes and woodland covering about a fifth of the land, in the centre and north beside which is Thames Valley Police's main Training Centre at Sulhamstead House. Its main amenities are its Church of England parish church and a shop and visitor centre by the Kennet & Avon Canal.
Fontoria de Cepeda
Fontoria de Cepeda is a small city located in the municipality of Villamejil, in the province of León,  Castile and León, northern Spain. Fontoria has got a church on the hilltop, appeal "Otero"

Fontoria is located at  7.5 kilometers on the road to Astorga,  in a  vegetation-rich area along the water of a river.

Villamejil
Villamejil is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2010 (data from INE), the municipality has a population of 545  inhabitants.

It is part of the historical region of La Cepeda.
2016 United States presidential election in Indiana
A presidential election was held in Indiana on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Indiana voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and her running mate Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. Indiana has 11 electoral votes in the Electoral College.

Trump won the state with 56.94% of the vote, while Clinton received 37.77%. Indiana is the home state of Pence, which was believed to have provided assistance to the Trump campaign in what already would have been a Republican-leaning state.

Vigo County, Indiana
Vigo County (/ˈviːɡoʊ/ VEE-goh) is a county on the western border of the U.S. state of Indiana. The county is included in the Terre Haute metropolitan area. According to the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 106,153. Its county seat is Terre Haute.

The county contains four incorporated settlements with a total population of nearly 63,000, as well as several unincorporated communities. It is divided into twelve townships which provide local services to the residents.

The county was once regarded as one of the best bellwether regions for voting in U.S. presidential elections; it voted for the winning candidate in every election from 1956 to 2016 and in all but three elections since 1888. Until the streak ended in 2020, only one county in the United States, Valencia County, New Mexico, had voted for the winning candidate longer.
John Koech
John Koech (1946 – 8 April 2025) was a Kenyan politician. He was cabinet minister for the East African Community in Kenya under President Mwai Kibaki and a member of parliament for the constituency of Chepalungu until December 2007 when he lost his parliamentary seat to Isaac Ruto, and dismissed from his cabinet post for supporting Raila Odinga against Kibaki.

Koech was also the Minister of Public Works under President Daniel Arap Moi. He died on 8 April 2025, at the age of 79.

Isaac Ruto
Isaac Kiprono Ruto (born 4 March 1959) is a Kenyan politician. He is the Chama Cha Mashinani Party leader. He was elected the first governor of Bomet County in 2013 Kenyan general elections. He hails from Tumoi, Sigor in Chepalungu constituency and went to Tenwek High School where he proceeded to study Political Science at the University of Nairobi. He is also a former chairman of the Council of Governors in Kenya.
Doubleday (publisher)
Doubleday is an American publishing company. It was founded as the Doubleday & McClure Company in 1897. By 1947, it was the largest book publisher in the United States. It published the work of mostly U.S. authors under a number of imprints and distributed them through its own stores.

In 2009, Doubleday merged with Knopf Publishing Group to form the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, which, as of 2018, is part of Penguin Random House.

Doubleday Canada
Doubleday Canada is an imprint of the publishing company Penguin Random House Canada. The company used to be known as Forboys. It was incorporated in 1936, and since 1945 it has been known as Doubleday Canada Limited. In 1986 parent company Doubleday was acquired by Bertelsmann. Due to Canadian policy at the time, majority control of Doubleday Canada was sold to Anna Porter. Porter sold her shares to Winnipeg businessman Abraham Simkin in 1991. Random House of Canada, which has just been acquired by Bertelsmann, acquired Doubleday Canada in 1999. In 2013, Random House of Canada and Penguin Canada merged to form Penguin Random House Canada.
Newburyport/Rockport Line
The Newburyport/Rockport Line is a branch of the MBTA Commuter Rail system, running northeast from downtown Boston, Massachusetts towards Cape Ann and the Merrimack Valley, serving the North Shore. The first leg, operating via the Eastern Route of the former Boston and Maine Railroad, serves Chelsea, Lynn, Swampscott, Salem, and Beverly. From there, a northern branch continues via the Eastern Route to serve Hamilton, Ipswich, Rowley, and Newburyport, while other trains operate east from Beverly via the Gloucester Branch, serving Manchester, Gloucester, and Rockport. A bicycle coach is offered on the Rockport branch during the summer.

Rockport, Massachusetts
Rockport is a seaside town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,992 in 2020. Rockport is located approximately 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Boston, at the tip of the Cape Ann peninsula. Rockport borders Gloucester to its west, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean in all other directions.

Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Rockport.
Campegine
Campegine (Reggiano: Campéṣen) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Reggio Emilia.

Campegine borders the following municipalities: Cadelbosco di Sopra, Castelnovo di Sotto, Gattatico, Reggio Emilia, 
Sant'Ilario d'Enza.

The Cervi Brothers were born in Campegine.

Cadelbosco di Sopra
Cadelbosco di Sopra (Reggiano: Cadàlbosch or Cà del Bôsch ed Sōver) is a town and comune in the province of Reggio Emilia in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

As of 31 March 2024 the town had a population of 10,713, making it the eleventh largest comune in the province.
Freie Sachsen
Freie Sachsen (lit. 'Free Saxons') is a far-right monarchist, autonomist, and secessionist movement within the German State of Saxony. It seeks to restore the former Kingdom of Saxony through an autonomist government or a "Saexit if Necessary".

New states of Germany
The new states of Germany (German: die neuen Länder / die neuen Bundesländer) are the five re-established states of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR)  that unified with the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) with its 10 "old states" upon German reunification on 3 October 1990.

The new states, which were dissolved by the GDR government in 1952 and re-established in 1990, are Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The state of Berlin, the result of a merger between East and West Berlin, is usually not considered one of the new states although a number of its residents are former East Germans and some of its areas were in the former East Berlin. There have been 16 states in Germany since reunification.
Advanced statistics in basketball
Advanced statistics, also known as analytics or APBRmetrics, in basketball refers to the analysis of basketball statistics using objective evidence. APBRmetrics takes its name from the acronym APBR, which stands for the Association for Professional Basketball Research. According to The Sporting News, the APBRmetrics message board was "the birthplace of basketball analytics".

Advanced basketball statistics include effective field goal percentage (eFG%), true shooting percentage (TS%), on-court/off-court plus–minus, adjusted plus-minus (APM), real plus/minus (RPM), player efficiency rating (PER), offense efficiency rating, offensive rating, defensive rating, similarity score, tendex, and player tracking. A more complete explanation of basketball analytics is available in "A Starting Point for Analyzing Basketball Statistics" in the Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports.

Defensive rating
Defensive rating or defensive efficiency is a statistic used in basketball to measure an individual player's or team's efficiency at preventing the other team from scoring points. It was created by author and statistician Dean Oliver. Oliver introduced the defensive rating statistic in his 2004 book, Basketball on Paper.

The offensive equivalent is offensive rating.
Drottningholm
Drottningholm, literally "Queen's Islet", is a locality situated in Ekerö Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden, with 398 inhabitants in 2010.

It is on the island Lovön in lake Mälaren on the outskirts of Stockholm. Drottningholm Palace, the residence of the Swedish royal family since 1981, is here. The village was planned and built in the mid-18th century for the people working at the palace. It is a good example of how a Swedish village would have looked like in the 18th and 19th centuries, containing many picturesque houses and villas.

Drottningholm is accessible with public transport by taking the metro to Brommaplan, then an Ekerö-bound SL bus.

Ekerö Municipality
Ekerö Municipality (Swedish: Ekerö kommun) is a municipality in the province of Uppland in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The name derives from the name of the main island within the municipality whose name is Ekerön, and literally means "Oak Island". Its seat is located in the town of Ekerö.

The King of Sweden resides in Ekerö Municipality, at Drottningholm Palace (see below).

Originally, when the first local government acts were implemented in Sweden in 1863, eight rural municipalities were created, each corresponding to an old parish. The municipal reform of 1952 grouped them in two new larger entities. The next reform in 1971 merged them into the present municipality.
Gaaner Oparey
Gaaner Oparey (transl. On the Other Side of Song) is an Indian Bengali television serial which aired on Star Jalsha from 28 June 2010 to 16 April 2011. This TV musical marked the beginning of a yearlong celebration of the 150th birth anniversary of the great Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore. The concept was a brainchild of the Indian director Rituparno Ghosh. The songs were all popular Rabindra sangeets. Prosenjit Chatterjee launched an audio CD of its tracks on Mahalaya on 12 October 2015. On account of Rabindranath Tagore's 157th birthday, Star Jalsha added Gaaner Oparey on Disney+ Hotstar on 9 May 2018. It was re-aired on Star Jalsha during the 2020 lockdown period, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Star Jalsha
Star Jalsha is an Indian Bengali language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily broadcasts family dramas, comedies, reality shows and films. It launched its own HD feed on 14 April 2016.
Live 1980/86
Live 1980/86 is a Joe Jackson double live album, released in April 1988. It was recorded during the 1980 Beat Crazy tour, the 1982–83 Night and Day tour, the 1984 Body & Soul tour, and the 1986 Big World tour. Notably, the album contains three different versions of "Is She Really Going Out with Him?"

Night and Day (Joe Jackson album)
Night and Day is the fifth studio album by English musician Joe Jackson, released on 25 June 1982 by A&M Records. It reached the top five in both the United Kingdom and United States, Jackson's only studio album to do so in either country. The album has been certified gold in the UK and US, and achieved platinum status in Canada. It has sold over one million copies.

The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter (and indirectly to New York City). The track "Real Men" pointed obliquely to the city's early-1980s gay culture.

"Steppin' Out" earned Grammy Award nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male. It reached number 6 on both the UK and the US charts. "Breaking Us in Two" reached number 18 in the US and number 59 in the UK.

Jackson released a sequel to the album entitled Night and Day II in October 2000.
Yozyovon District
Yozyovon is district of Fergana Region, Uzbekistan. Its seat is at the town Yozyovon. It has an area of 410 km2 (160 sq mi) and it had 114,700 inhabitants in 2022. The district consists of 9 urban-type settlements (Yozyovon, Yozyovon chek, Yoʻldoshobod, Qorasoqol, Qoratepa, Kelajak, Quyi Soyboʻyi, Toshxovuz, Xonobod) and 10 rural communities (Guliston, Qatortol, Karatepa, Xonobod, Istiqlol, Yozyovon, Yangiobod, Ishtirxon, Qorasoqol, Yangiboʻston).

Yozyovon
Yozyovon (Uzbek: Yozyovon/Ёзёвон, Russian: Язъяван) is an urban-type settlement in Fergana Region, Uzbekistan. It is the capital of Yozyovon District. Its population was 7,458 people in 1989, and 12,800 in 2016.
Hypergeometric function
In mathematics, the Gaussian or ordinary hypergeometric function 2F1(a, b; c; z) is a special function represented by the hypergeometric series, that includes many other special functions as specific or limiting cases. It is a solution of a second-order linear ordinary differential equation (ODE). Every second-order linear ODE with three regular singular points can be transformed into this equation.

For systematic lists of some of the many thousands of published identities involving the hypergeometric function, see the reference works by Erdélyi et al. (1953) and Olde Daalhuis (2010). There is no known system for organizing all of the identities; indeed, there is no known algorithm that can generate all identities; a number of different algorithms are known that generate different series of identities. The theory of the algorithmic discovery of identities remains an active research topic.

Ernst Kummer
Ernst Eduard Kummer (29 January 1810 – 14 May 1893) was a German mathematician. Skilled in applied mathematics, Kummer trained German army officers in ballistics; afterwards, he taught for 10 years in a gymnasium, the German equivalent of high school, where he inspired the mathematical career of Leopold Kronecker.
Regnellites
Regnellites nagashimae is the oldest known fossil belonging to the fern family Marsileaceae.  It comes from rocks of the Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous Kiyosu-e Formation of Japan. The fossils include leaves with visible veins, as well as sporocarps.

Marsileaceae
Marsileaceae is a small family of heterosporous aquatic and semi-aquatic ferns, though at first sight they do not physically resemble other ferns. The group is commonly known as the "pillwort family" after the genus Pilularia (pillwort), "pepperwort family" or as the "water-clover family" because the leaves of the genus Marsilea superficially resemble the leaves of a four-leaf clover. The family contains three genera; most of the species are in Marsilea. It is sister to the Salviniaceae, which is also aquatic and heterosporous. Fossils of the family are known as far back as the Triassic. The family is distinctive in producing its spores inside sporocarps, which are bean-shaped structures borne near the bases of the leaves. Some species of Marsilea are grown in garden pools or aquaria.