hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Betty Amongi
Betty Amongi Akena, (née Betty Amongi Ongom), commonly known as Betty Amongi (born 15 November 1975) is a Ugandan politician. She is the Minister of Gender, Labour and Social Development in the Cabinet of Uganda, as of 9 June 2021. Previously, she served as the Cabinet Minister of Kampala Capital City and before that, from 6 June 2016 until 14 December 2019, as the Minister of Lands, Housing and Urban Development in Uganda's cabinet. She is also the incumbent member of parliament representing the Oyam South Constituency in the 11th Parliament (2021 to 2026).

Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (Uganda)
The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD), is a cabinet-level government ministry of Uganda. It is responsible for "policy direction, national standards and coordination of all matters concerning lands, housing and urban development". The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister, currently Judith Nabakooba.
The Two of Them (novel)
The Two of Them is a feminist science fiction novel by Joanna Russ. It was first published in 1978 in the United States by Berkley Books and in Great Britain by The Women's Press in 1986. It was last reissued in 2005 by the Wesleyan University Press with a foreword by Sarah LeFanu.

Joanna Russ
Joanna Russ (February 22, 1937 – April 29, 2011) was an American writer, academic and feminist. She is the author of a number of works of science fiction, fantasy and feminist literary criticism such as How to Suppress Women's Writing, as well as a contemporary novel, On Strike Against God, and one children's book, Kittatinny. She is best known for The Female Man, a novel combining utopian fiction and satire, and the story "When It Changed".
Rapid thermal processing
Rapid thermal processing (RTP) is a semiconductor manufacturing process which heats silicon wafers to temperatures exceeding 1,000°C for not more than a few seconds. During cooling wafer temperatures must be brought down slowly to prevent dislocations and wafer breakage due to thermal shock.  Such rapid heating rates are often attained by high intensity lamps or lasers. These processes are used for a wide variety of applications in semiconductor manufacturing including dopant activation, thermal oxidation, metal reflow and chemical vapor deposition.

Dopant activation
Dopant activation is the process of obtaining the desired electronic contribution from impurity species in a semiconductor host. The term is often restricted to the application of thermal energy following the ion implantation of dopants. In the most common industrial example, rapid thermal processing is applied to silicon following the ion implantation of dopants such as phosphorus, arsenic and boron. Vacancies generated at elevated temperature (1200 °C) facilitate the movement of these species from interstitial to substitutional lattice sites while amorphization damage from the implantation process recrystallizes. A relatively rapid process, peak temperature is often maintained for less than one second to minimize unwanted chemical diffusion.
Blount County Schools
Blount County Schools (BCS) is a school district in Blount County, Tennessee, United States.  The district has 20 schools with 1200 teachers, 600 administrators serving approximately 10,100 students.

The district includes all unincorporated areas and all municipalities except for Maryville and most of Alcoa.

Communities in the district boundary include: Eagleton Village, Friendsville, Greenback, Happy Valley, Louisville, Rockford, Seymour, Tallassee, Townsend, Walland & Wildwood.

Blount County, Tennessee
Blount County is a county located in the East Tennessee Grand Division of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, its population was 135,280. The county seat is Maryville, which is also the county's largest city. Blount County is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area.
Tell Mar Elias
Tell Mar Elias is a tell, i. e. an archaeological mound, located slightly outside the town limits and northwest of Ajloun in the Ajloun Governorate, northern Jordan, in the historical region of Gilead. "Elias" is the Latin and Arabic form for Elijah, the prophet whom the Hebrew Bible's  1 Kings calls "the Tishbite" (1 Kings 17: 1), which can be interpreted to mean that he lived, or was even born, in a town named  Tishbe. The ruins of the historical town of Listib ("el-Ishtib" or "el-Istib" in Arabic) have been traditionally identified with Tishbe, and are located just across a valley from  the tell. The ruins of a Byzantine monastery dedicated to prophet Elijah and including two churches can be seen on the tell.

Ajloun
Ajloun (Arabic: عجلون, ‘Ajlūn or Ajlōn), also spelled Ajlun, is the capital town of the Ajloun Governorate, a hilly town in the north of Jordan, located 76 kilometers (around 47 miles) north west of Amman. It is noted for its impressive ruins of the 12th-century Ajloun Castle.
Kendrick Taylor
Kendrick Cashman Taylor, Jr. is a climate change researcher working with ice cores in Greenland and Antarctica. While a Research Professor at the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nevada, he was the Chief Scientist for the Siple Dome and WAIS Divide ice core projects in Antarctica. He has also done work on near shore clarity at Lake Tahoe and teaching World Vision how to use geophysics to find favorable locations for shallow water wells in West Africa. His ResearcherID is A-3469-2016 and ORCID is 0000-0001-8535-1261.

Kendrick Cashman Taylor, Sr. (1922–1995) was an engineer who specialized in vacuum metallurgy, especially related to depositing thin films on mylar. He is listed as the inventor on the follow U.S.A. patents: US3185565, US3314826, US3278331, US3326177, US3601179, US3215423, US3330900, US3180633, US3554268, US3235243.

Siple Dome
Siple Dome (81°39′15″S 149°00′18″W﻿ / ﻿81.65430285°S 149.0051336°W﻿ / -81.65430285; -149.0051336) is an ice dome approximately 100 km wide and 100 km long, located 130 km east of Siple Coast in Antarctica. Charles Bentley and Robert Thomas established a "strain rosette" on this feature to determine ice movement in 1973–74. They referred to the feature as Siple Dome because of its proximity to Siple Coast.
Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport
Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport, also known as Whitchurch Airport, was a municipal airport in Bristol, England, three miles (5 km) south of the city centre, from 1930 to 1957. It was the main airport for Bristol and the surrounding area. During World War II, it was one of the few civil airports in Europe that remained operational, enabling air connections to Lisbon and Shannon and onwards to the United States.

The airport closed in 1957, with services transferred to the former RAF Lulsgate Bottom. The former airfield is now occupied by a sports centre, trading estates and retail parks. The South Bristol Community Hospital opened on the site in 2012.

Air Transport Auxiliary
The Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) was a British civilian organisation set up at the start of the Second World War with headquarters at White Waltham Airfield in Berkshire. The ATA ferried new, repaired and damaged military aircraft between factories, assembly plants, transatlantic delivery points, maintenance units (MUs), scrapyards, and active service squadrons and airfields, but not to naval aircraft carriers. It also flew service personnel on urgent duty from one place to another and performed some air ambulance work. Notably, around 10% of its pilots were women, and from 1943 they received equal pay to their male colleagues, a first for the British government.
Mill Thozhilali
Mill Thozhilali (transl. Mill Worker) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by A. Jagannathan and written by L. S. N. Ravi. The film stars Ramarajan, Aishwarya, Chandrasekhar and Sulakshana. It was released on 12 May 1991.

Vagai Chandrasekhar
Chandrasekhar (born 3 May 1956), also known as Vagai Chandrasekhar, is an Indian actor and politician working in Tamil language films, known for his histrionics. He is currently the Chairman of Tamil Nadu Eyal Isai Nataka Mandram. He played lead or supportive roles in Tamil films of the 1980s. He won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the 2002 film Nanba Nanba. He contested and won from Velachery constituency in State legislative assembly election 2016 from DMK party.
David Hardiman
David Hardiman is a historian of modern India and a founding member of the subaltern studies group. Born in Rawalpindi in Pakistan, Hardiman was brought up in England where he graduated from the London School of Economics in 1970 and received his D.Phil. in South Asian History from the University of Sussex in 1975. He is an Emeritus professor of the Department of History at the University of Warwick.

Subaltern Studies
The Subaltern Studies Group (SSG) or Subaltern Studies Collective is a group of South Asian scholars interested in postcolonial and post-imperial societies. The term Subaltern Studies is sometimes also applied more broadly to others who share many of their views.  Subaltern Studies is often considered to be "exemplary of postcolonial studies" and as one of the most influential movements in the field. Their anti-essentialist approach is one of history from below, focused more on what happens among the masses at the base levels of society than among the elite.
Ross's gull
Ross's gull (Rhodostethia rosea) is a small gull, the only species in its genus, although it has been suggested the genus should be merged with the closely related Hydrocoloeus, which otherwise only includes the little gull.

This bird is named after the British explorer James Clark Ross. Its breeding grounds were first discovered in 1905 by Sergei Aleksandrovich Buturlin near the village of Pokhodsk in northeastern Yakutia, while visiting the area as a judge. The genus name Rhodostethia is from Ancient Greek rhodon, "rose", and stethos, "breast". The specific rosea is Latin for "rose-coloured".

James Clark Ross
Rear-Admiral of the Red Sir James Clark Ross FRS FLS FRAS (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who explored both the North and South Poles. In the Arctic, he participated in two expeditions led by his uncle, John Ross, and in four led by William Edward Parry: in the Antarctic, he led his own expedition from 1839 to 1843.
Mohammad Sadakat Hossain
Mohammad Sadakat Hossain, also known as Chakku Mian, was a politician of Kurigram district of Bangladesh, Freedom fighter and former Member of Parliament for undivided Rangpur-17 (now Kurigram-4) constituency in 1973. He was an organizer of the Liberation War of Bangladesh.

Kurigram District
Kurigram District (Bengali: কুড়িগ্রাম জেলা) is a district of Bangladesh in Rangpur Division. The district is located in northern Bangladesh along the country's border with India. Under British rule, the area was organized as a mahakuma and was not established as a district until 1984 under Chief Martial Law Administrator, Hussain Muhammad Ershad's decentralization programme.
Mahler measure
In mathematics, the Mahler measure  of a polynomial  with complex coefficients is defined as

where  factorizes over the complex numbers  as

The Mahler measure can be viewed as a kind of height function. Using Jensen's formula, it can be proved that this measure is also equal to the geometric mean of  for  on the unit circle (i.e., ):

By extension, the Mahler measure of an algebraic number  is defined as the Mahler measure of the minimal polynomial of  over . In particular, if  is a Pisot number or a Salem number, then its Mahler measure is simply .

The Mahler measure is named after the German-born Australian mathematician Kurt Mahler.

Kurt Mahler
Kurt Mahler FRS (26 July 1903 – 25 February 1988) was a German mathematician who worked in the fields of transcendental number theory, diophantine approximation, p-adic analysis, and the geometry of numbers.
Robot Dreams (short story collection)
Robot Dreams (1986) is a collection of science fiction short stories by American writer Isaac Asimov, illustrated by Ralph McQuarrie. The title story is about Susan Calvin's discovery of a robot with rather disturbing dreams. It was written specifically for this volume and inspired by the McQuarrie cover illustration. All of the other stories had previously appeared in various other Asimov collections. Four of the stories are robot stories, while five are Multivac stories.

The companion book, which also showcases McQuarrie's illustrations (and includes Asimov essays in addition to short stories), is titled Robot Visions.

Susan Calvin
Dr. Susan Calvin is a fictional character appearing in Isaac Asimov's Robot series of science fiction short stories. According to I, Robot, Susan Calvin was born in the year 1982 and died at the age of 82, either in 2064 or 2065.

She was the chief robopsychologist at US Robots and Mechanical Men, Inc., posited as the major manufacturer of robots in the 21st century. She was the main character in many of Asimov's short stories concerning robots, which were later collected in the books I, Robot and The Complete Robot.
Utopia (360 album)
Utopia is the third studio album by Australian rapper 360. It was released on 13 June 2014. It features four singles; "Impossible" featuring Daniel Johns, "Sixavelli" which features rapper Lunar C, "Live It Up" which features Australian rapper Pez and "Price of Fame" which features singer Gossling.

360 (rapper)
Matthew James Colwell (born 12 July 1986), better known by his stage name 360, is an Australian hip hop recording artist. He has released four studio albums: What You See Is What You Get (2008); Falling & Flying (2011), which peaked at No. 4 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified platinum; Utopia (2014), and Vintage Modern (2017). 360's second album provided four charting singles, including "Boys like You", which peaked at No. 3 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified 4× platinum. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2012, he received six nominations and won the 'Breakthrough Artist – Release' award for Falling & Flying, while Styalz Fuego won the ARIA 'Producer of the Year' Artisan award for the same album.
2005 Speedway World Cup
The 2005 Speedway World Cup (SWC) was the 5th FIM Speedway World Cup season. The Final took place on August 6, 2005 in the Olympic Stadium in Wrocław, Poland.

Host team Poland (62 pts) beat defending champion Sweden (34 pts), Denmark (31 pts) and Great Britain (27 pts) in the Final.

Poland national speedway team
The Poland national speedway team is the national motorcycle speedway team of Poland and is controlled by the Polish Motor Union (PZM). They are one of the most successful speedway nations of all time.
Chuck Henry
Charles Robert Henry (born January 1, 1946) is a retired American journalist, who worked in the Greater Los Angeles media market for 48 years. He worked for nearly 29 years at KNBC, where he was a co-anchor of the 5, 6, and 11 p.m. newscasts, and he worked for 19 years at KABC-TV, where he served as reporter, anchor, director, and producer (1971–1978, 1982–1993).

KNBC
KNBC (channel 4) is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is the West Coast flagship station of the NBC television network, owned and operated through its NBC Owned Television Stations division. Under common ownership with Corona-licensed Telemundo outlet KVEA (channel 52), the two stations share studio facilities at the Brokaw News Center in the northwest corner of the Universal Studios Hollywood lot off Lankershim Boulevard in Universal City; KNBC's transmitter is located on Mount Wilson.
Clare Connor
Clare Joanne Connor CBE (born 1 September 1976) is an English former cricketer who batted right-handed and bowled slow left arm spin. She held the presidency of Marylebone Cricket Club from 2021 until 2022. She made her England One Day International debut in 1995 and played her first Test match that winter. She achieved a hat-trick against India in 1999 and captained England from 2000 until her retirement from international cricket in 2006.

She is currently managing director of Women's Cricket for the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB).

England and Wales Cricket Board
The England and Wales Cricket Board (abbreviated as ECB) is the national governing body of cricket in England and Wales. It was formed on 1 January 1997 as a single governing body to combine the roles formerly fulfilled by the Test and County Cricket Board, the National Cricket Association and the Cricket Council. In April 1998 the Women's Cricket Association was integrated into the organisation. The ECB's head offices are at Lord's Cricket Ground in north-west London.

The board oversees all levels of cricket in England and Wales, including the national teams: England Men (Test, One Day International and T20I), England Women, England Lions (Men's second tier), Physical Disability, Learning Disability, Visually Impaired, and Deaf.

Although the organisation is the England and Wales Cricket Board, it is referred to as the ECB, as a result of a decision by those overseeing the transition from the previous bodies.
Pythagorean Triangles
Pythagorean Triangles is a book on right triangles, the Pythagorean theorem, and Pythagorean triples. It was originally written in the Polish language by Wacław Sierpiński (titled Trójkąty pitagorejskie), and published in Warsaw in 1954. Indian mathematician Ambikeshwar Sharma translated it into English, with some added material from Sierpiński, and published it in the Scripta Mathematica Studies series of Yeshiva University (volume 9 of the series) in 1962. Dover Books republished the translation in a paperback edition in 2003. There is also a Russian translation of the 1954 edition.

Wacław Sierpiński
Wacław Franciszek Sierpiński (Polish: [ˈvat͡swaf fraɲˈt͡ɕiʂɛk ɕɛrˈpij̃skʲi] ⓘ; 14 March 1882 – 21 October 1969) was a Polish mathematician. He was known for contributions to set theory (research on the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis), number theory, theory of functions, and topology. He published over 700 papers and 50 books.

Three well-known fractals are named after him (the Sierpiński triangle, the Sierpiński carpet, and the Sierpiński curve), as are Sierpiński numbers and the associated Sierpiński problem.
Glamis Castle
Glamis Castle is situated beside the village of Glamis (/ˈɡlɑːmz/, glahmz) in Angus, Scotland. It is the home of the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and is open to the public.

Glamis Castle has been the home of the Lyon family since the 14th century, though the present building dates largely from the 17th century. Glamis Castle was the childhood home of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. Her second daughter, Princess Margaret was born there on 21 August 1930.

The castle is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.

Mary Bowes, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne
Mary Eleanor Bowes, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne (24 February 1749 – 28 April 1800) was a notable member of the British aristocracy during the Georgian period in the 18th century.

Referred to by some as "The Unhappy Countess", she was a prominent heiress, who inherited a vast fortune. Her husbands were John Bowes, born John Lyon, the 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and Anglo-Irishman Andrew Robinson Stoney, the latter of whom treated her very cruelly during their marriage. Amongst many other achievements in her life, including a significant expertise developed in the field of botany, Mary Eleanor Bowes was one of the early pioneers of women's rights in relation to divorce.
Charm Industrial
Charm Industrial is a carbon dioxide removal company that uses pyrolysis of crop residues to create biooil that can be pumped into geological storage for long-term carbon biomass carbon removal and storage. Charm is one of the companies that received an advanced market commitment from Frontier Climate.

In 2023, they received a US$54 million advanced market commitment from Frontier to sequester  112,000 tons of carbon dioxide. It also received 100 million dollars in Series B funding. In January 2025, it also received adding contracts from Google, the largest carbon removal contract ever purchased.

The company primarily use crop waste such as corn stover as its source for pyrolysis. Once the biooil is produced, the oil is injected into wells that have geological storage. Charm is exploring use of the biooil for other purposes, such as iron refining.

The company is notable for hiring oil and gas field workers for carbon sequestration.

Frontier Climate
Frontier Climate is an advance market commitment (AMC) that aggregates buyer demand to purchase permanent carbon dioxide removal (CDR) through 2030. It was launched on 12 April 2022 by Stripe, Alphabet, Shopify, Meta and McKinsey Sustainability with an initial target of over US$1 billion in purchases. Frontier operates through Delaware public benefit limited liability companies that are subsidiaries of Stripe, Inc.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 9
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 9 (P. Oxy. 9) is a fragment of the "Ruthmica Stoicheia" of Aristoxenus of Tarentum, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus, in Middle Egypt. The fragment is dated to the third century. It is housed at Trinity College, Dublin. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. The measurements of the fragment are 227 by 435 mm. The fragment contains a five-column fragment of a treatise on meter. The text is written in an upright uncial hand.

Aristoxenus
Aristoxenus of Tarentum (Greek: Ἀριστόξενος ὁ Ταραντῖνος; born c. 375, fl. 335 BC) was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher, and a pupil of Aristotle. Most of his writings, which dealt with philosophy, ethics and music, have been lost, but one musical treatise, Elements of Harmony (Greek: Ἁρμονικὰ στοιχεῖα; Latin: Elementa harmonica), survives incomplete, as well as some fragments concerning rhythm and meter. The Elements is the chief source of our knowledge of ancient Greek music.
Suzette Haden Elgin
Suzette Haden Elgin (born Patricia Anne Suzette Wilkins; November 18, 1936 – January 27, 2015) was an American researcher in experimental linguistics, construction and evolution of languages and poetry and science fiction writer. She founded the Science Fiction Poetry Association and is considered an important figure in the field of science fiction constructed languages. Her best-known non-fiction includes her Verbal Self-Defense series.

Constructed language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally emerge from human interaction, is intentionally devised by a person or group for a particular purpose. The term constructed language is often shortened to conlang and, as a relatively broad term, it encompasses subcategories including: fictional, artificial, engineered, planned and invented languages. Conlangs may include aspects reminiscent of natural language including phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary. Interlinguistics includes the study of constructed languages.
Jefferson Davis and His Cabinet
Jefferson Davis and His Cabinet is a 1944 non-fiction book by Rembert Wallace Patrick, published by Louisiana State University Press in 1944. It describes the Cabinet of the Confederate States of America.

The book covers the setup of the Confederate cabinet as well as the people in it, personal conflicts, and changes in the cabinet. It explains how President of the Confederacy Jefferson Davis and the cabinet avoided being detained by Union forces.

Rembert W. Patrick
Rembert Wallace Patrick (1909–1967) was an American historian, longtime University of Florida history professor, and prolific author of works on Florida's history, particularly the Reconstruction Era. The Florida Historical Society gives out an award named in his honor.