hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
C. M. van den Heever
Christiaan Maurits van den Heever, almost universally known C.M. van den Heever (27 February 1902 in the concentration camp near Norvalspont in Cape Province, now Northern Cape Province, South Africa – 8 July 1957), was an Afrikaans-language novelist, poet, essayist, and biographer.

Counted among the Dertigers, van den Heever is noted for his most famous novels: Somer ("Summer") and Laat vrugte ("Late Fruits").  The latter won the Hertzog Prize for prose in 1942.

Van den Heever studied at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein and the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands.  Upon his return to South Africa, he gained a teaching position at the University of the Free State.  After completing his dissertation on the poet Totius, he finished his academic career at Witwatersrand University.

Hertzog Prize
The Hertzog Prize (or Hertzogprys) is an annual award given to Afrikaans writers by the Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns (South African Academy for the Sciences and Art), formerly the South African Academy for Language, Literature and Arts (Zuid-Afrikaanse Akademie voor Wetenschap, Letteren en Kunst). It is the most prestigious prize in Afrikaans literature.

The prize was first established in 1914 as part of the Tweede Taalbeweging ("Second Language Movement"); its first winner was Totius for his 1915 poetry collection Trekkerswee (Trekkers' Grief). The prize is awarded in the categories of poetry, prose, and drama, and was previously awarded in the category of scientific writing.
Piazza Verdi, Palermo
Piazza Verdi, commonly known as Piazza Massimo, is a square of Palermo. At its centre is the sumptuous Teatro Massimo, the biggest opera house of Italy, and the third of Europe after the Opéra National de Paris and the K. K. Hof-Opernhaus in Vienna. The square is located in the heart of the city, near the central Via Maqueda, in the quarter of the Seralcadio, within the historic centre of Palermo.

Piazza Verdi was created in 19th century in order to host the new opera house of Palermo.

Via Maqueda
Via Maqueda (Italian pronunciation: [ˈviːa maˈkwɛːda]), also known as Strada Nuova ('New Street'), is an important street of Palermo, Sicily. Together with the Cassaro, it represents the main axis of the historic centre and provides access to a number of important sights, including Teatro Massimo and Fontana Pretoria. The street is named after the Viceroy of Sicily Bernardino de Cárdenas y Portugal, Duque de Maqueda.
Armed Forces Day
An Armed Forces Day, alongside its branch-specific variants often referred to as Army or Soldier's Day, Navy or Sailor's Day, and Air Force or Aviator's Day, is a holiday dedicated to honoring the armed forces, or one of their branches, of a sovereign state, including their personnel, history, achievements, and sacrifices. It's often patriotic or nationalistic in nature, carrying information value outside of the conventional boundaries of a military's subculture and into the wider civilian society. Many nations around the world observe this day. It is usually distinct from a Veterans or Memorial Day, as the former is dedicated to those who previously served and the latter is dedicated to those who perished in the fulfillment of their duties.

Military parade
A military parade is a formation of military personnels whose movement is restricted by close-order manoeuvering known as drill or marching. Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world. Massed parades may also hold a role for propaganda purposes, being used to exhibit the apparent military strength of a country.
Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture
The former Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture, established by resolution of the Continental Congress on January 15, 1780, was the first federal court in the United States. The court had jurisdiction over cases for the capture of enemy ships and cargo.

United States Reports, volume 2
This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 2 of the United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States from 1791 to 1793. Case reports from other federal and state tribunals also appear in 2 U.S. (2 Dall.).
Global Health Security Initiative
The Global Health Security Initiative (GHSI) is a collaborative effort among several nations and organizations focused on strengthening global health security. Established in response to the 2001 terrorist attacks, its primary goal is to prepare for and address public health risks related biological, chemical, nuclear terrorism, or pandemics. The initiative includes members from North America, Europe, and Asia, with the World Health Organization participating as an observer.

Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents include bacteria, viruses, insects, fungi, and/or their toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form, in much the same way as in biological warfare. Further, modern agribusiness is vulnerable to anti-agricultural attacks by terrorists, and such attacks can seriously damage economy as well as consumer confidence. The latter destructive activity is called agrobioterrorism and is a subtype of agro-terrorism.
Wallace Hartley
Wallace Henry Hartley (2 June 1878 – 15 April 1912) was an English violinist, who became best known for his actions during the sinking of the Titanic. The bandleader on the Titanic during its maiden voyage, he led the eight-member band in various songs as the ship sank on 15 April 1912; neither he nor any of the band survived.

Bridlington
Bridlington is a seaside town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is on the Holderness part (Flamborough Head to the Humber estuary) of the Yorkshire Coast by the North Sea. The town is about 28 miles (45 km) north of Hull and 34 miles (55 km) east of York. The stream called Gypsey Race flows through the town and enters the North Sea at the harbour.

The Priory Church of St Mary and associated Bayle (or gate) are Grade I listed buildings on the site of an Augustinian Priory. As a sea-fishing port, the town is known for shellfish, and is the largest lobster port in Europe, with over 300 tonnes of the crustaceans landed there each year. It has been termed the "Lobster Capital of Europe". Alongside manufacturing, retail and service firms, its main trade is summer tourism. It holds one of the UK's coastal weather stations.
65th Grey Cup
The 65th Grey Cup, also known as The Ice Bowl or The Staples Game, was played on November 27, 1977, at Montreal's Olympic Stadium. The hometown Montreal Alouettes defeated the Edmonton Eskimos by a score of 41–6.

Tony Proudfoot
John A. "Tony" Proudfoot (10 September 1949 – 30 December 2010) was an All-Star defensive back in the Canadian Football League, teacher, coach, broadcaster and journalist.

He was a Grey Cup champion twice as a player, and twice as special consultant to Montreal Alouettes head coach Marc Trestman in 2009 and 2010. In 2007, Proudfoot was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a motor neurone disease for which there is no known cure. He wrote regular updates on his deterioration in the Montreal Gazette. The courage, grace, and determination during his illness was widely admired. He founded the Tony Proudfoot Fund for ALS Research at the ALS Society of Quebec, which raised over $500,000 for research into the disease.
Into Temptation (song)
"Into Temptation" is a song by Australasian rock group Crowded House. It was the third single from the group's second album, Temple of Low Men (1988).  The single peaked at number 59 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart in January 1989 and reached the top 20 in the Netherlands.

"Into Temptation" appears on Crowded House's greatest hits album Recurring Dream. The song was also performed by Renée Geyer for the Finn brothers female tribute album She Will Have Her Way in 2005.

She Will Have Her Way
She Will Have Her Way is a compilation album featuring female Australian and New Zealand musicians performing songs written by Neil Finn and Tim Finn (The Finn Brothers), members of Split Enz and Crowded House. A follow-up album, He Will Have His Way, featuring male artists, was released in 2010.
Alpine Botanical Garden of Campo Imperatore
The Alpine Botanical Garden of Campo Imperatore (Giardino Botanico Alpino di Campo Imperatore, 3000 m2) is a botanical garden for alpine plants located at Campo Imperatore, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy. It is operated by the University of L'Aquila.

The garden was founded in 1952 by botanist Vincenzo Rivera. It collects plants local to the nearby Gran Sasso massif of the Apennine Mountains, including hundreds of grass species, false bilberry, greater gentian, and the Apennine edelweiss.

Gran Sasso d'Italia
Gran Sasso d'Italia (Italian: [ɡran ˈsasso diˈtaːlja]; lit. 'Great Rock of Italy') is a massif in the Apennine Mountains of Italy. Its highest peak, Corno Grande 2,912 metres (9,554 ft), is the highest mountain in the Apennines, and the second-highest mountain in Italy outside the Alps. The mountain lies within Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park.
Firsthand learning
In pedagogy, firsthand learning means learning from direct experience. The first documented use of the term was by Mark St. John of Inverness Research Associates, in a lecture at the Workshop Center at the City College of New York.

Firsthand learning makes use of a learner's innate curiosity and desire to investigate real phenomena, by providing them with opportunities to learn for themselves using the analytical abilities of their own minds, and connect with the world around them. It involves close engagement with the immediate environment.

Firsthand learning is an inquiry process that generates questions for subsequent investigations. Learners may also record their observations for analysis and interpretation, and communicate the results of this investigative process. Sharing evidence and discussing findings with others makes learning a social process.

Direct experience
Direct experience or immediate experience generally denotes experience gained through immediate sense perception.  Many philosophical systems hold that knowledge or skills gained through direct experience cannot be fully put into words.
Ocean Front Property (song)
"Ocean Front Property" is a song written by Dean Dillon, Hank Cochran and Royce Porter and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in December 1986 as the first single and title track from his album of the same name. It was a number-one hit in both the United States and Canada. On the 45 record single, "My Heart Won't Wander Very Far From You" is the B-side.

Hank Cochran
Garland Perry "Hank" Cochran (August 2, 1935 – July 15, 2010) was an American country music singer and songwriter. Starting during the 1960s, Cochran was a prolific songwriter in the genre, including major hits by Patsy Cline, Ray Price, Eddy Arnold, and others. Cochran was also a recording artist between 1962 and 1980, scoring seven times on the Billboard country music charts, with his greatest solo success being the number-20 "Sally Was a Good Old Girl." In 2014, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.
Riikka Slunga-Poutsalo
Riikka Pirjo Maaria Slunga-Poutsalo (born 23 April 1971 in Alatornio) is a Finnish politician currently serving as State Secretary to Minister of Finance Riikka Purra. A member of the Finns Party, she has previously served as a member of parliament from 2019 to 2023, representing the Uusimaa constituency.

Uusimaa (parliamentary electoral district)
Uusimaa (Swedish: Nyland) is one of the 13 electoral districts of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. The district was established as Uusimaa Province (Finnish: Uudenmaan lääni; Swedish: Nylands län) in 1907 when the Diet of Finland was replaced by the Parliament of Finland. It was renamed Uusimaa in 1997. It is conterminous with the region of Uusimaa but excludes the municipality of Helsinki which has its own electoral district. The district currently elects 37 of the 200 members of the Parliament of Finland using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2023 parliamentary election it had 801,205 registered electors.
Jabłonna, Radomsko County
Jabłonna [jaˈbwɔnna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedbórz, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Przedbórz, 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and 85 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Przedbórz
Gmina Przedbórz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Przedbórz, which lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) east of Radomsko and 83 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 189.94 square kilometres (73.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,595 (out of which the population of Przedbórz amounts to 3,758, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,837).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Przedbórz Landscape Park.
Zoo Tycoon 2
Zoo Tycoon 2 is a business simulation video game developed by Blue Fang Games and published by Microsoft Game Studios and MacSoft. Originally released in 2004 for Microsoft Windows, Zoo Tycoon 2 is also available for Windows Mobile, PDA, and Mac OS X, although expansions are not included in the Mac version. A Nintendo DS version, titled Zoo Tycoon 2 DS, was released in 2008.

Similar to its predecessor, 2001's Zoo Tycoon, the objective is to build and operate a zoo by creating exhibits and aquariums, keeping guests and animals happy, and maintaining employees, finances, terrain, foliage, and scenery.

MacSoft
MacSoft was an American video game developer and publisher founded in 1993 by Peter Tamte as a subsidiary of WizardWorks, specializing in the production of video game ports from Microsoft Windows to Macintosh operating systems, as well as productivity software. In 1996, WizardWorks was acquired by GT Interactive (later renamed Infogrames, Inc.), with WizardWorks and MacSoft split into different operations. On January 30, 2003, MacSoft was acquired by Destineer, and founder Peter Tamte again became the company's director. Ultimately, MacSoft shut down due to Destineer's closure in May 2011.
Antony John Baptist
Antony John Baptist (born April 15, 1965) is an Indian Catholic priest, biblical scholar and theologian. He serves as the director of the National Biblical, Catechetical and Liturgical Centre (NBCLC) in Bangalore. His academic and pastoral work is focused on contextual theology and the interpretation of biblical narratives, particularly from the perspective of marginalised communities such as Dalit women.

National Biblical, Catechetical and Liturgical Centre
National Biblical, Catechetical and Liturgical Centre (NBCLC) is a theological and pastoral formation institute under the auspices of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India (CBCI). It is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, and serves the Catholic Church in India with a focus on biblical studies, catechetics, and liturgical renewal.
Björnlunda
Björnlunda is a locality situated in Gnesta Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden, which had a population of 827 inhabitants in 2010. Björnlunda is located between the city of Södertälje and the city of Katrineholm and close to halfway between Strängnäs and Nyköping in a north–south direction.

Gnesta Municipality
Gnesta Municipality (Swedish: Gnesta kommun) is a municipality in Södermanland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Gnesta, with some 5,000 inhabitants.

The present municipality was created in 1992, when Nyköping Municipality (of which it had been a part since 1974) was split up.

It is in the middle of the cultural Södermanland province. Although it only has around 10,000 permanent inhabitants, the population increases substantially in the summer due to the many summer houses.

Industry-wise, Gnesta mostly has small companies with few employed. There are about 800 registered companies in the municipality, and a "large" company would have 25-50 employees.
Dæmonomania
Daemonomania is a 2000  fantasy novel by John Crowley. It is Crowley's seventh novel, and as the third novel in Crowley's Ægypt Sequence, a sequel to Crowley's 1994 novel Love & Sleep.  The novel follows protagonist Pierce Moffett as he continues his book project begun in The Solitudes about the Renaissance and Hermeticism, while dealing with a stormy relationship with his girlfriend Rosie Ryder.

Like the previous novels, the novel has four main narrative strands, one occurring in the present day generally following Pierce or Rosie Mucho in their artistic works, and two occurring in the Renaissance following the historical fictional activities of John Dee, Edward Kelley and Giordano Bruno as written by fictional novelist Fellowes Kraft. The difference is marked stylistically by dashes indicating dialogue for events that happened in the Renaissance and events in the twentieth century marked by dialogue in ordinary English quotation marks.

John Crowley (author)
John Crowley /ˈkraʊli/ (born December 1, 1942) is an American author of fantasy, science fiction,  historical fiction, and non-fiction. Crowley studied at Indiana University and has a second career as a documentary film writer.

Crowley is best known as the author of Little, Big (1981), a work which received World Fantasy Award for Best Novel and has been called "a neglected masterpiece" by Harold Bloom, and his Ægypt series of novels which revolve around the same themes of Hermeticism, memory, families and religion. Some of his nonfiction writing has appeared bimonthly in Harper's Magazine in the form of his "Easy Chair" column, which ended in 2016.
Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)
Masovian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Mazowieckie) was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland, and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from 1526 to the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to 1795. Together with Płock and Rawa Voivodeships, it formed the province of Masovia. Its area was divided into ten lands. The seat of the voivode was Warsaw, local sejmiks also convened in Warsaw, at St. Martin's church.

Zakroczym
Zakroczym ([zaˈkrɔt͡ʂɨm]; Yiddish: זאקראטשין Zakrotshin) is a town in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland. The Vistula River flows through the town. Zakroczym has a long and rich history: in the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, it was the capital of an administrative unit (ziemia), part of Mazovian Voivodeship. Also, Zakroczym was a royal town of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
University of Ghana
The University of Ghana is a public university located in Accra, Ghana. It is the oldest public university in the country.

The university was founded in 1948 as the University College of the Gold Coast in the British colony of the Gold Coast. It was originally an affiliate college of the University of London, which supervised its academic programs and awarded degrees. After Ghana gained independence in 1957, the college was renamed the University College of Ghana. It changed it name again to the University of Ghana in 1961, when it gained full university status.

The University of Ghana is situated on the west side of the Accra Legon Hills and northeast of the center of Accra. It has over 60,000 registered students.

Alexander Kwapong
Alexander Adum Kwapong, FGA (born 8 March 1927 – 9 August 2014) was a Ghanaian classicist. He was Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana from 1966 to 1975, a position which he was the first Ghanaian to hold. Much of Kwapong's research was on the history of Africa in Greco-Roman times, including his Cambridge doctoral dissertation about the relations between locals and colonists in ancient Libya.
Fierce
Fierce were a British three-piece, all girl R&B group. They were signed to Colin Lester and Ian McAndrew's Wildstar Records, and scored four hit singles on the UK Singles Chart in 1999 and 2000. The biggest of the hits, "Sweet Love 2K", is a cover of the Anita Baker song "Sweet Love".

Colin Lester
Colin Lester (born 26 May 1960 in London) is a British artist manager of R&B, pop and rock music acts.

Colin Lester has managed the careers for numerous British and international artists. He was awarded 'The Peter Grant Award' for outstanding achievement from the United Kingdom's Music Manager Forum in 2002.

In 2007, Lester was awarded the prestigious 'Gold Badge Award' by BASCA (The British Academy of Songwriters and Composers Association) for his work with UK songwriters. The following year, in 2008, Lester was made a 'Visiting Fellow' of Southampton Solent University where he also lectures on topics of the 'Music Industry'.

Lester owned a significant stake in the recording company Wildstar Records for which he also acted as co-director and co-owned artist management Wildlife Entertainment.
The Boys Who Stole the Funeral
The Boys Who Stole the Funeral (1980) is a verse novel by Australian writer Les Murray. It was originally published by Angus and Robertson in Australia in 1980.

The novel consists of a sequence of 140 sonnets, many of which had been previously published in newspapers, literary journals, and poetry anthologies.

Les Murray (poet)
Leslie Allan Murray (17 October 1938 – 29 April 2019) was an Australian poet, anthologist and critic. His career spanned over 40 years and he published nearly 30 volumes of poetry as well as two verse novels and collections of his prose writings.

Translations of Murray's poetry have been published in 11 languages: French, German, Italian, Catalan, Spanish, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Hindi, Russian, and Dutch. Murray's poetry won many awards and he is regarded as "the leading Australian poet of his generation". He was rated in 1997 by the National Trust of Australia as one of the 100 Australian Living Treasures.
Wartau
Wartau is a municipality in the  Werdenberg constituency of the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. The municipality consists of a number of villages on the eastern flank of the Alvier group, along the left shore of the Alpine Rhine.

Alpine Rhine
The Alpine Rhine (German: Alpenrhein, pronounced [ˈalpn̩ˌʁaɪn] ⓘ) is the section of the river Rhine from its source in the Swiss Alps to Lake Constance. It begins in the centre of the Swiss canton of Grisons (Kanton Graubünden), and later forms the border between Switzerland to the west and Liechtenstein to the east, and later between Switzerland and Austria. It flows through the Alpine Rhine Valley.

There is no shipping on the Alpine Rhine.
Hanamaki Airport Station
Hanamaki-Kūkō Station (花巻空港駅, Hanamaki Kūkō-eki) is a railway station in the city of Hanamaki, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), with a freight terminal operated by the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).

Hanamaki, Iwate
Hanamaki (花巻市, Hanamaki-shi) is a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2020, the city had an estimated population of 94,691, and a population density of 100 persons per km2, in 37,773 households. The total area of the city is 908.39 square kilometres (350.73 sq mi). Hanamaki is famous as the birthplace of the novelist and poet Kenji Miyazawa and Iwate Prefecture's local specialty, Wanko soba, as well as its hot spring resorts.
Luchowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Luchowo [luˈxɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Smętowo Graniczne, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Gmina Smętowo Graniczne
Gmina Smętowo Graniczne is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Smętowo Graniczne, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south of Starogard Gdański and 70 km (43 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 86.12 square kilometres (33.3 sq mi), and as of 2023 its total population is 4,984.