hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defend Trade Secrets Act
The Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016 (DTSA) (Pub. L. 114–153 (text) (PDF), 130 Stat. 376, enacted May 11, 2016, codified at 18 U.S.C. § 1836, et seq.) is a United States federal law that allows an owner of a trade secret to sue in federal court when its trade secrets have been misappropriated. The act was signed into law by President Barack Obama on May 11, 2016. It underscored Congress's desire to align closely with the Uniform Trade Secrets Act, which had been adopted in some form in almost every U.S. state. Technically, the DTSA extended the Economic Espionage Act of 1996, which criminalizes certain trade secret misappropriations.

The law also grants legal immunity to corporate whistleblowers.

After the DTSA's passage by the Senate, Forbes magazine called the law the "Biggest Development in [Intellectual Property] in Years".

Uniform Trade Secrets Act
The Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA), published by the Uniform Law Commission (ULC) in 1979 and amended in 1985, is a model law designed for adoption by U.S. states. It was developed to resolve inconsistencies in the treatment of trade secrets across different states.(p1)

The UTSA provides unitary definitions for "trade secret" and "trade secret misappropriation" and establishes a single statute of limitations, replacing the varied property, quasi-contractual, and fiduciary liability frameworks previously applied under common law.(p2)

To date, 49 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have adopted the UTSA, with New York as the remaining exception.
VfL Bochum
Verein für Leibesübungen Bochum 1848 Fußballgemeinschaft, commonly referred to as VfL Bochum (German pronunciation: [faʊ̯ʔɛfˌʔɛl ˈboːxʊm] ⓘ), is a German professional association football club based in the city of Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia. They currently play in the 2. Bundesliga following relegation from the Bundesliga in the previous season.

1967–68 DFB-Pokal
The 1967–68 DFB-Pokal was the 25th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 27 January 1968 and ended on 9 June 1968. Thirty-two teams competed in the five-round tournament. In the final the 1. FC Köln defeated the VfL Bochum 4–1.
Anna Komnene Angelina
Anna Komnene Angelina or Comnena Angelina (Greek: Άννα Κομνηνή Αγγελίνα; c. 1176 – 1212) (not to be confused with Anna Komnene) was Empress consort of Nicaea. She was the daughter of emperor Alexios III Angelos and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera.

Theodora Angelina
Theodora Angelina (Greek: Θεοδώρα Αγγελίνα; 1190 – 23 June 1246) was the wife of Leopold VI of Austria, by whom she had several children. As a child, she was used by her grandfather, Emperor Alexios III Angelos, as a political tool to gain the allegiance of the regional strongmen Ivanko and Dobromir Chrysos. Her betrothals or marriages to them were cut short as both were successively captured by the Emperor.
Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral (St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands)
Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral is a historic Catholic church in the United States Virgin Islands. It is the mother church and seat of the Diocese of Saint Thomas. It is located in the city of Charlotte Amalie.

Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands
Charlotte Amalie (/ˈʃɑːrlət əˈmɑːli(ə)/ SHAR-lət ə-MAH-lee(-ə); Danish: [ʃɑˈlʌtʰə ɑˈmɑːljə]), on Saint Thomas, is the capital and largest town of the U.S. Virgin Islands. It is on the island's southern shore at the head of Charlotte Amalie Harbor. The town is known for its historic sites, Danish colonial architecture, harbor, and shopping. In 2020, it had a population of 8,194, making it the most densely populated town in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

It has a deep-water harbor that was once a haven for pirates (including Blackbeard) and is now one of the busiest ports of call for cruise ships in the Caribbean. About 1.5 million cruise ship passengers land there annually, and hundreds of ferries and yachts pass by each week. Protected by Hassel Island, the harbor has docking and fueling facilities, machine shops, and shipyards and was a U.S. submarine base until 1966.
Kavadar
Kavadar (Serbian Cyrillic: Кавадар) is a village in Šumadija and Western Serbia (Šumadija), in the municipality of Rekovac (Region of Levač), lying at 43°50′16″N 21°07′54″E﻿ / ﻿43.83778°N 21.13167°E﻿ / 43.83778; 21.13167, at the elevation of 215  m. According to the 2002 census, the village had 456 citizens, while according to the 2022 census, the village had 311 citizens.

Levač
Levač (Serbian Cyrillic: Левач) is a historical region in central Serbia.  It is located between Juhor mountain on east and Gledićke planine on west.

The area is around 366 km2. Levač comprises 32 villages and one town called Rekovac:

Bare

Belušić

Beočić

Bogalinac

Brajnovac

Cikot

Dulene

Dobroselica

Dragovo

Kalenić

Kaludra

Kavadar

Komarane

Lepojević

Loćika

Lomnica

Maleševo

Motrić

Nadrlje

Oparić

Prevešt

Rabenovac

Ratković

Rekovac

Sekurič

Sibnica

Siljevica

Šljivica

Tečić

Ursule

Vukmanovac

Velika Kruševica

Županjevac
The Saturday Magazine (magazine)
The Saturday Magazine was a British magazine published from 7 July 1832 to 28 December 1844 by the Committee of General Literature and Education, who were in turn sponsored by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. It ran for 801 issues, with the latter issues being published by John William Parker in London. The Saturday Magazine was established as an Anglican rival to the Penny Magazine as a way for the working man to educate himself.  The 4-page issues were sold for 1 penny per weekly issue, or sixpence for monthly parts. A typical edition of the Saturday Magazine began with an account of some exotic place. At this time the expansion of the British empire was speeding up and people at home in England were very interested in finding out what was happening around the world. Other articles would be about nature, science, history, technology, etc.

Committee of General Literature and Education
The Committee of General Literature and Education was a British publishing organisation set up by the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge in 1832 to produce school books. It also published The Saturday Magazine.
Tadao Yasuda
Tadao Yasuda (安田 忠夫, Yasuda Tadao; October 9, 1963 – February 8, 2026) was a Japanese sumo wrestler (rikishi), professional wrestler and mixed martial artist. Known as the "Debt King", he competed in sumo from 1979 to 1992 under the shikona of Takanofuji Tadao (孝乃富士 忠雄), achieving the rank of komusubi. After his retirement from sumo, he turned to professional wrestling, in which he competed from 1994 to 2011, most notably in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he was a one-time IWGP Heavyweight Champion. He also fought in mixed martial arts from 2001 to 2003, holding a notable win over Jérôme Le Banner.

Hustle (professional wrestling)
Hustle (ハッスル, Hassuru) was a Japanese professional wrestling promotion managed by Nobuhiko Takada. Hustle can be described as an industry experiment to market the sports entertainment style of professional wrestling in Japan.
Crawford County, Georgia
Crawford County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,130. The county seat is Knoxville. The largest municipality is Roberta.

Crawford County is included in the Macon, Georgia metropolitan area.

Macon metropolitan area, Georgia
The Macon metropolitan area is a metropolitan statistical area consisting of five counties in Central Georgia, anchored by the principal city of Macon. At the 2010 U.S. census, the five-county area had a population of 232,293. A July 2017 estimate placed the population at 228,914. In 2022, its estimated population was 235,805.
Victoria Road, Hong Kong
Victoria Road is a main road near the west shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong connecting Kennedy Town and Wah Fu and an alternative connection of Pok Fu Lam Road. It begins north with Belcher's Street in Kennedy Town and goes along Mount Davis, Sandy Bay, Telegraph Bay and Waterfall Bay and reaches in Kellett Bay.

Kennedy Town
Kennedy Town is a town and neighbourhood at the western end of Sai Wan on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It was named after Arthur Edward Kennedy, the 7th governor of Hong Kong from 1872 to 1877. Administratively, it is part of Central and Western District.

Due to its distance from major commercial cores and longtime inaccessibility by train, urban development in this area was less vigorous than in other parts of urban Hong Kong. But since the MTR was extended to the area in 2014, it began rapidly gentrifying, with many older businesses, such as vehicle repair workshops and cha chaan tengs, making way for new luxury developments, as well as high-end bars and restaurants.
Thorn (dog)
Thorn was an Alsatian (German Shepherd) dog who received the Dickin Medal (often referred to as "the animals' Victoria Cross") in 1945 from the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals for bravery in service during the Second World War. Thorn's medal was "for locating air-raid casualties in spite of thick smoke in a burning building" during the Blitz.

After the war Thorn went on to a brief acting career, playing a part in the 1948 film Daughter of Darkness.

German Shepherd
The German Shepherd, also known in Britain as an Alsatian, is a German breed of working dog of medium to large size. It is characterized by its intelligent and obedient nature.

Its historical role was as a herding dog, for herding sheep. It has since been used in many other types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police work, and warfare. It is commonly kept as a companion dog, and according to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale had the second-highest number of annual registrations in 2013.

The breed was developed by Max von Stephanitz using various traditional German herding dogs from 1899. The breed gained international recognition after the end of World War I. The German Shepherd became the second most popular breed in the US in 2016 and the most frequently registered breed in other countries.
Democratic Union (Ukraine)
The Democratic Union (Ukrainian: Демократиний союз Demokratyčnyj Sojuz) is a political party in Ukraine registered in June 1999.

At the parliamentary elections on 30 March 2002, the party won together with the Democratic Party of Ukraine 0.87%% of the popular vote and 4 (single-mandate constituency) seats out of 450 seats. The party did not take part in further national elections.

Democratic Party of Ukraine
The Democratic Party of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Демократична партія України; Demokratychna Partiya Ukrayiny) is a political party in Ukraine registered in 1991. Until 2006 it had a parliamentary representation, but after associating itself with the People's Democratic Party, the Democratic Party disappeared from political arena.

The party did not participate in either the 2012 nor the 2014 parliamentary elections.
Schweizer Aircraft
The Schweizer Aircraft Corporation was an American manufacturer of sailplanes, agricultural aircraft and helicopters located in Horseheads, New York. It was incorporated in 1939 by three Schweizer brothers (Paul, William, and Ernest), who built their first glider, the SGP 1-1, in 1930. Previously the oldest privately owned aircraft company in the United States, Schweizer was acquired by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation of Stratford, Connecticut in 2004, and became a diversified aerospace company. Schweizer Aircraft ceased operations in 2012. It was sold to Schweizer RSG in 2018 and production lines were opened in Fort Worth, Texas. The company was producing two helicopter models in 2021, the 300C and 300CBI.

Schweizer S333
The Schweizer 330 and S333 are turbine-powered developments of the Schweizer 300 light piston-powered helicopter. As of 2007, only the Schweizer 333 remains in production. In February 2009, the 333 was rebranded as the Sikorsky S-333. In 2018 the Schweizer R.S.G. bought the Schweizer Aircraft from Sikorsky Aircraft and it was rebranded as Schweizer S333 again.
Sparkhill Library
Sparkhill Library, formerly Yardley Council House, is a municipal building in Stratford Road in Sparkhill, West Midlands, England. The building, which previously served as the offices of Yardley Rural District Council, now operates as a public library administered by Birmingham City Council.

Sparkhill
Sparkhill is an inner-city area of Birmingham, England, situated between Springfield, Hall Green and Sparkbrook. 
Historically part of Worcestershire, Sparkhill once existed as a rural area with its main industry being agriculture until the 1880s.
Celestine Damiano
Celestine Joseph Damiano (November 1, 1911 – October 2, 1967) was an American Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Camden from 1960 to 1967. He previously served as apostolic delegate to South Africa (1953–1960).

Apostolic Nunciature to South Africa
The Apostolic Nunciature to South Africa the diplomatic mission of the Holy See to South Africa. It is located Pretoria. The current Apostolic Nuncio is Archbishop Henryk Jagodzinski, who was named to the position by Pope Francis on 9 February 2016.

The Apostolic Nunciature to the Republic of South Africa is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in South Africa, with the rank of an embassy. The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the President of South Africa, and as delegate and point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in South Africa and the Pope. The Apostolic Nuncio to South Africa is usually also the Apostolic Nuncio to Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho and Namibia upon his appointment to said nations.
1983 New York Jets season
The 1983 New York Jets season was the 24th season for the team and the 14th in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 6–3 record from 1982 and return to the playoffs under first-year head coach Joe Walton. The Jets, who finished the season with a record of 7–9, played their twentieth and final season at Shea Stadium before relocating their home games to Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, starting with the following season.

Shea Stadium
William A. Shea Municipal Stadium (/ʃeɪ/ SHAY), typically shortened to Shea Stadium, was a multi-purpose stadium in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City. Opened in 1964, it was home to the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1964 to 2008, as well as the New York Jets of the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL) from 1964 to 1983.

The stadium was named in honor of William Shea, who was most responsible for bringing National League baseball back to New York after the Dodgers and Giants left for California in 1957. It was demolished in 2009 following the opening of the adjacent Citi Field, the ballpark built to replace it and the current home of the Mets. The former footprint of Shea Stadium is part of Citi Field's parking lots.
Chinese Massacre Cove
Chinese Massacre Cove is an area along the Snake River in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. It is located in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest and the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area, upriver from the Snake's confluence with the Imnaha River. In May 1887, it was the location of the Hells Canyon Massacre, where up to thirty-four Chinese gold miners were ambushed, murdered, and robbed.

Wallowa–Whitman National Forest
The Wallowa–Whitman National Forest is a United States National Forest in the U.S. states of Oregon and Idaho. Formed upon the merger of the Wallowa and Whitman national forests in 1954, it is located in the northeastern corner of Oregon, in Wallowa, Baker, Union, Grant, and Umatilla counties, and includes small areas in Nez Perce and Idaho counties in Idaho.   The forest is named for the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce people, who originally lived in the area, and Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, Presbyterian missionaries who settled just to the north in 1836. Forest headquarters are located in Baker City, Oregon with ranger districts in La Grande, Joseph and Baker City.
Šlapaberžė
Šlapaberžė (formerly Polish: Szłapoburże, Szłapoberże, Szłapoberż, Szłapobierże, Ludwików, Russian: Шлапоберже) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 616 people. The village is located by the Kruostas river, 7 km from Akademija. The village has the Catholic Church of Christ, a former manor with a park, and a wayside chapel.

Kruostas
The Kruostas is a river of  Kėdainiai district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 28.9 kilometres (18.0 mi) and has a basin area of 99.7 km2 (38.5 sq mi). It originates near Alksnėnai village and goes through agriculture fields passing the villages of Žilvičiai, Šlapaberžė, Beržai and Daškoniai. The lower course goes through a deep valley beside Vaidatoniai hillfort. This area is Kruostas botanic sanctuary. The river meets the Nevėžis from the right side near Urbeliai village. Vaidatoniai pond is on the Kruostas river.

The name Kruostas derives from Lithuanian word kruostas or skruostas ('cheek, eyelash, eyebrow'), further from skrosti, skersti ('to slice, to butcher').
Madurodam
Madurodam (Dutch pronunciation: [maːˌdyːroːˈdɑm]) is a miniature park and tourist attraction in the Scheveningen district of The Hague in the Netherlands. It is home to a range of 1:25 scale model replicas of famous Dutch landmarks, historical cities and large developments. The park was opened in 1952 and has since been visited by tens of millions of visitors. The entirety of net proceeds from the park go towards various charities in the Netherlands.

Miniature park
A miniature park is a display of miniature buildings and models, usually as a recreational and tourist attraction open to the public. A miniature park may contain a model of a single city or town, often called a miniature city or model village, or it can contain a number of different sets of models.
Martial arts
Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat. They are practiced for a number of reasons ranging from; violent street fighting, self-defense, military and law enforcement; to non-violent exercising, ceremonial, competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and to preserve the intangible cultural heritage of a nation. The term "martial arts" was originally used to refer to the traditions of East Asia, but has subsequently been applied to other practices which originated outside that region.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.
Hippocampus slovenicus
Hippocampus slovenicus is an extinct species of seahorse found in 2005 in the coprolitic horizon of the Tunjice hills Lagerstätte in Slovenia along with remains of the related species Hippocampus sarmaticus. The horizon dates 13 million years back to the lower Sarmatian during the middle Miocene period, making the two species the earlier known seahorse fossils in the world. The remains consist mostly of juvenile specimens and of head and backbones of adults. H. slovenicus had a narrow head with a long snout about 50% HL with 11 trunk rings and a short tail 50% more of body with 25-26 tail rings and an extremely long dorsal fin base. Hippocampus slovenicus had numerous small black spots of pigment all over the body.

The animals are believed to have lived among seagrasses and macroalgae in the temperate shallow coastal waters of the western part of the central Paratethys.

Seahorse
A seahorse (also written sea-horse and sea horse) is any of 46 species of small marine bony fish in the genus Hippocampus. The genus name comes from the Ancient Greek hippókampos (ἱππόκαμπος), itself from híppos (ἵππος) meaning "horse" and kámpos (κάμπος) meaning "sea monster" or "sea animal". Having a head and neck suggestive of a horse, seahorses also feature segmented bony armour, an upright posture and a curled prehensile tail. Along with the pipefishes and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx) they form the family Syngnathidae.
Ismail al-Jazari
Badīʿ az-Zaman Abu l-ʿIzz ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ar-Razāz al-Jazarī (1136–1206, Arabic: بَدِيعُ الزَّمانِ أَبُو العِزِّ بْنُ إسْماعِيلَ بْنِ الرَّزَّازِ الجَزَرِيّ, [ældʒæzæriː]) was a polymath: a scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan and artist from the Artuqid Dynasty of Jazira in Mesopotamia. He is best known for writing The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (Arabic: كتاب في معرفة الحيل الهندسية, romanized: Kitab fi ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiya, lit. 'Book in knowledge of engineering tricks', also known as Automata) in 1206, where he described 50 mechanical devices, along with instructions on how to construct them. One of his more famous inventions is the elephant clock. He has been described as the "father of robotics" and modern day engineering.

Automaton
An automaton (/ɔːˈtɒmətən/ ⓘ; pl.: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations or respond to predetermined instructions. Some automata, such as bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer that they are operating under their own power or will, like a mechanical robot. The term has long been commonly associated with automated puppets that resemble moving humans or animals, built to impress and/or to entertain people.

Animatronics are a modern type of automata with electronics, often used for the portrayal of characters or creatures in films and in theme park attractions.
Vouvray-sur-Loir
Vouvray-sur-Loir (French pronunciation: [vuvʁɛ syʁ lwaʁ], literally Vouvray on Loir) is a former commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France. On 1 October 2016, it was merged into the new commune Montval-sur-Loir.

Montval-sur-Loir
Montval-sur-Loir (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃val syʁ lwaʁ]) is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France. The municipality was established on 1 October 2016 and consists of the former communes of Château-du-Loir, Montabon and Vouvray-sur-Loir.
Minorities in Ukraine
Minorities in Ukraine form 22.2 percent of the country's population as of 2001. Large ethnic Russian (the largest ethnic minority in the country), Belarusian, Crimean Tatar, Bulgarian, Hungarian, and Romanian (including Moldovan) minorities exist in Ukraine, and Romania and Hungary have striven for the minority rights of the minorities they respectively represent. Ukraine also has a small number of Poles, Jews, Armenians, Roma and other nationalities.

Issues regarding minorities in Ukraine are, according to Financial Times, the biggest potential obstacle to the start of negotiations for the accession of Ukraine to the European Union. Prime Minister of Hungary Viktor Orbán has threatened to veto Ukraine's process of EU accession numerous times over minority rights issues.

Bulgarians in Ukraine
Bulgarians in Ukraine (Bulgarian: Българи в Украйна, Bǎlgari v Ukrayna; Ukrainian: Болгари в Україні, Bolhary v Ukraïni)  make up the fifth biggest minority in the country and primarily reside in southern Ukraine. Bulgarians make up a significant minority of the Odesa Oblast, especially the city of Bolhrad.