hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Four Pests campaign
The Four Pests campaign (Chinese: 除四害; pinyin: Chú Sì Hài) was one of the first campaigns of the Great Leap Forward in Maoist China from 1958 to 1962. Authorities targeted four "pests" for elimination: rats, flies, mosquitoes, and sparrows.

The extermination of sparrows – also known as the Eliminate Sparrows campaign – resulted in severe ecological imbalance, and was one of the causes of the Great Chinese Famine which lasted from 1959 to 1961, with an estimated death toll due to starvation ranging in the tens of millions (15 to 55 million). In 1960, the campaign against sparrows ended, and bed bugs replaced them as an official target.

Old World sparrow
Old World sparrows are groups of small passerine birds forming the family Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, a name which is also used for a particular genus of the family Passer. They are distinct from both the New World sparrows of the family Passerellidae and from a few other birds such as the Java sparrow of the family Estrildidae sharing their name. Many species nest on buildings and the house and Eurasian tree sparrows, in particular, inhabit cities in large numbers. They are primarily seed-eaters, though they also consume small insects. Some species scavenge for food around cities and  like pigeons or gulls, will eat small quantities of a diversity of items.
Tumbes province
Tumbes is a province in Peru, located in the region of the same name. It borders the Pacific Ocean on the north, the province of Zarumilla on the east, the Piura Region and Ecuador on the south and the province of Contralmirante Villar on the west. Its capital is Tumbes, which is also the regional capital.

Department of Tumbes
Tumbes (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtumbes]) is a department of Peru. It is located in the country's northwestern coast, bordering Ecuador. Due to its location near the Equator, it has a warm climate, with beaches that are considered among the finest in Peru. Despite its small area, the region contains a wide variety of ecosystems. It is the smallest department in Peru and its third least populous department after Moquegua and Madre de Dios, but it is also its third most densely populated department, after La Libertad and Lambayeque. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Tumbes.
Tinakula
Tinakula is a conical stratovolcano which forms an island north of Nendo in Temotu Province, Solomon Islands. It lies at the north end of the Santa Cruz Islands. It is about 3.5 kilometres (2 miles) wide and rises 851 metres (2,792 feet) above sea level, rising three to four kilometres (1.9 to 2.5 miles) from the sea floor. The volcano was first recorded in eruption in 1595 when Spanish explorer Álvaro de Mendaña sailed past it during his second expedition across the Pacific Ocean. Tinakula has also been known in the past as Tamami or Volcano Island.

Temotu Province
Temotu (or Te Motu, literally "the island" in Polynesian) is the easternmost province of Solomon Islands.  The province was formerly known as Santa Cruz Islands Province.  It consists, essentially, of two chains of islands which run parallel to each other from the northwest to the southeast. Its area is 895 square kilometres (346 square miles).
Charlotte Speedway
Charlotte Speedway was the site of NASCAR's first Strictly Stock Series (now NASCAR Cup Series) race on June 19, 1949. The Daytona Beach Road Course held the first race sanctioned by NASCAR in 1948. The track was a few miles west of the NASCAR Hall of Fame, on Little Rock Road. It was owned by Carl C. Allison Sr. and his wife, Catherine Montgomery Allison. The track was forced to close when construction of Interstate 85 took its parking area.

Buck Baker
Elzie Wylie Baker Sr. (March 4, 1919 – April 14, 2002), better known as Buck Baker, was an American stock car racer. Born in Richburg, South Carolina, Baker began his NASCAR career in 1949 and won his first race three years later at Columbia Speedway. Twenty-seven years later, Baker retired after the 1976 National 500.

During his NASCAR Cup Series career, Baker won two championships, 46 races and 45 pole positions, as well as recorded 372 top-tens. In 1957, he became the first driver to win two consecutive championships in the series. Between 1957 and 1959 Baker competed in the NASCAR Convertible Division. From 1972 to 1973, he competed in the Grand National East Series, where he recorded five top-tens in twelve races. On May 23, 2012, it was announced that he would be inducted into the 2013 class of the NASCAR Hall of Fame on February 8, 2013.
Santa María Department, Catamarca
Santa María is a  north eastern department of Catamarca Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 22,000 inhabitants in an area of  5,740 km2 (2,220 sq mi), and its capital city is Santa María.

Catamarca Province
Catamarca (Spanish pronunciation: [kataˈmaɾka]) is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The province had a population of 429,556 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], and covers an area of 102,602 km2. Its literacy rate is 95.5%. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, from the north): Salta, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, and La Rioja. To the west it borders the country of Chile.

The capital is San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, usually shortened to Catamarca. Other important cities include Andalgalá, Tinogasta, and Belén.
Church of the Holy Apostles
41°1′11″N 28°56′59″E﻿ / ﻿41.01972°N 28.94972°E﻿ / 41.01972; 28.94972

The Church of the Holy Apostles (Greek: Ἅγιοι Ἀπόστολοι, Agioi Apostoloi; Turkish: Havariyyun Kilisesi), also known as the Imperial Polyandrion (imperial cemetery), was a Byzantine Eastern Orthodox church in Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. The first structure dated to the 4th century, though future emperors would add to and improve upon it. It was second in size and importance only to the Hagia Sophia among the great churches of the capital.

When Constantinople fell to the Ottomans in 1453, the Holy Apostles briefly became the seat of the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Three years later, the dilapidated edifice was abandoned, and the patriarchate moved to the Theotokos Pammakaristos Church. In 1461, the remains of the Church of the Holy Apostles were demolished by the Ottomans to make way for the Fatih Mosque.

Theodora (wife of Justinian I)
Theodora (/ˌθiːəˈdɔːrə/; Greek: Θεοδώρα; c. 490/500 – 28 June 548) was Eastern Roman empress and wife of emperor Justinian I. She was of humble origins and became empress when her husband became emperor in 527. Theodora was one of his chief political advisers. She is recognized as a saint in the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and commemorated on 14 November.
Arscott
Arscott is a small hamlet in Shropshire, England. It is near to Plealey, Shorthill and Annscroft and within the civil parish of Pontesbury.

The hamlet is spread out along Pound Lane and has a number of Victorian cottages associated with the local farms or coal mines working as early as 1838, the last closing in 1919.

Nearby is the hamlet of Arscott Villa, which adjoins Annscroft.

There is an 18-hole golf course at Arscott, which opened in 1992 and is the home of the Arscott Golf Club.

Pontesbury
Pontesbury (/pɒntsbəri/ PONTS-bər-ee) is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, and is approximately eight miles southwest of Shrewsbury. In the 2011 census, the village had a population of 1,873 and the parish had a population of 3,227. The village of Minsterley is just over a mile further southwest. The A488 road runs through the village, on its way from Shrewsbury to Bishop's Castle. The Rea Brook flows close by to the north with the village itself nestling on the northern edge of the Shropshire Hills AONB.  Shropshire Council in their 2015 Place Plan detail the development strategy and refer to Pontesbury and neighbouring Minsterley as towns.
War Horse (novel)
War Horse is a British war novel by Michael Morpurgo. It was first published in Great Britain by Kaye & Ward in 1982. The story recounts the experiences of Joey, a horse bought by the Army for service in World War I in France and the attempts of 15-year-old Albert, his previous owner, to bring him safely home. It formed the basis of both an award-winning play (2007) and an acclaimed film adaptation (2011) by Steven Spielberg. The novel is often considered one of Morpurgo's best works, and its success spawned a sequel titled Farm Boy, which was published in October 1997.

Iddesleigh
Iddesleigh (/ˈɪdzliː/ IDZ-lee) is a village and civil parish in the county of Devon, England. The settlement has ancient origins and is listed in the Domesday Book. The village lies on the B3217 road, roughly central in its parish of around 2,900 acres (1,200 ha), about 8 miles (13 km) north of the town of Okehampton.

Iddesleigh has been described as an attractive small village, with good views of Dartmoor to the south. Its church is a Grade I listed building and there are a number of other listed buildings in the parish.
Kanaya, Shizuoka
Kanaya (金谷町, Kanaya-chō) was a town located in Haibara District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 2005, the town had an estimated population of 20,364 and a density of 318.29 persons per km2. The total area was 64.36 km2.

Haibara District, Shizuoka
Haibara (榛原郡, Haibara-gun) is a rural district located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of July 2012, the district has an estimated population of 37,550 and a population density of 72.6 persons per km2. The total area was 517.56 km2.
Foshee, Alabama
Foshee is an unincorporated community in Escambia County, Alabama, United States between Brewton and Pollard on U.S. Route 29. Foshee was founded as a sawmill town and named after Stewart J. Foshee, who owned several sawmills in Escambia County. Russell A. Alger and Martin Sullivan founded the Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company in the late 1890s and began logging around Foshee. They used lumber from the mill to build a new sawmill in Florida, which eventually grew into the town of Century. A post office was operated in Foshee from 1914 to 1924.

Escambia County, Alabama
Escambia County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,757. Its county seat is Brewton.

Escambia County is coextensive with the Atmore, AL Micropolitan Statistical Area; which is itself a constituent part of the larger Pensacola-Ferry Pass, FL-AL Combined Statistical Area.

The county is the base of the state's only federally recognized Native American tribe, the Poarch Band of Creek Indians. They have developed gaming casinos and a hotel on their reservation here, but also a much larger business extending to locations in other states and the Caribbean.
Farrukh-Zad of Ghazna
Farrukh-Zad (Full name: Jamal ad-Dawlah Abu Shuja Farrukh-Zad), was sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire from (1053 – 4 April 1059). His reign was considered one of benevolence, prosperity and tranquility for the Ghaznavid empire. It was free of the chaotic turbulence and greed from palace ghulams until the end of his reign. He was a very devout Muslim and fasted during Rajab, Sha'ban and Ramadan.

Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi
Abūʾl-Fazl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī (Persian: ابوالفضل محمد بن حسین بیهقی; died September 21, 1077), better known as Abu'l-Fazl Bayhaqi (ابوالفضل بیهقی; also spelled Beyhaqi), was a secretary, historian and author.

Educated in the major cultural center of Nishapur, and employed at the court of the famous Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud, Bayhaqi was a highly cultured man, whose magnum opus—the Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, is seen as the most reliable source of valid information about the Ghaznavid era, which was written in an exquisite and vivid Persian prose that would become an ideal model for several eras.

Bayhaqi is praised by modern scholars for his frankness, precision, and elegant style in his book, which he had spent 22 years to write, finishing it in thirty volumes, of which however only five volumes and half of the sixth exist today. Julie Scott Meisami places Bayhaqi among the historians of the Islamic Golden Age.
Kemal Sunal
Kemal Sunal (11 November 1944 – 3 July 2000) was a Turkish actor and comedian. He first attracted attention playing a side character in the drama film Canım Kardeşim (1973). Then, he rose to fame as a leading actor in iconic Turkish comedy films such as Köyden İndim Şehire (1974), Mavi Boncuk (1974), Hababam Sınıfı (1975), Hababam Sınıfı Sınıfta Kaldı (1975), Kapıcılar Kralı (1976), Süt Kardeşler (1976), Tosun Paşa (1976), Çöpçüler Kralı (1977), Hababam Sınıfı Tatilde (1977), Şaban Oğlu Şaban (1977), Kibar Feyzo (1978) and Zübük (1980). His final acting role was in the drama film Propaganda (1999).

From the Village to the City
From the Village to the City (Turkish: Köyden İndim Şehire) is a 1974 Turkish comedy film directed by Ertem Eğilmez. It tells the misadventurous story of four brothers who following their discovery of buried treasure head towards the city Ankara and hilariously unlucky events befall them. The movie functions as a sequel to a previous movie named Salak Milyoner starred by the same cast of "brothers".
Ankpa
Ankpa is a Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ankpa on the A233 highway in the west of the area at 7°22′14″N 7°37′31″E﻿ / ﻿7.37056°N 7.62528°E﻿ / 7.37056; 7.62528.

It has an area of 1,200 km2 and a population of 267,353 at the 2006 census.

By 2016, the population had swelled to 359,300.

The postal code of the area is 270.

The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude passes through the Local Government Area.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Brontë Waterfall
Brontë Waterfall on the South Dean Beck is about a mile south-west of Stanbury, near Haworth in West Yorkshire, England.  Beck is a dialect word for a stream.
The waterfall is known to have been appreciated by the Brontë sisters.

The area surrounding the waterfall is mainly moorland and farmland in Brontë Country, an area famous for its association with the sisters. There is a plaque with a quotation from Psalm 104 (How manifold are Thy works...), evidently referring to the natural beauty of the site.

Below the falls is Brontë Bridge, an old stone bridge across the beck. A flash flood in May 1989, swept the bridge away. In March 1990, a Lynx helicopter from No. 9 Regiment Army Air Corps, airlifted five gritstone slabs into the narrow valley to allow park rangers to repair the crossing.

Stanbury
Stanbury is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Haworth and Stanbury, in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 453.
The name Stanbury translates as Stone Fort from Old English.
Kwamndolwa
Kwamndolwa is an administrative ward in Korogwe Urban District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. 
The ward covers an area of 43.2 km2 (16.7 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 297 m (974 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 5,160.

Korogwe Town Council, Tanga
Korogwe Urban District (or Korogwe Town Council) is one of the eleven districts of the Tanga Region of Tanzania. The District covers an area of 225.3 km2 (87.0 sq mi). Korogwe Urban District is bordered to the north by Korogwe Rural District and to the south by Handeni Rural District. The administrative capital of the district is Korogwe town.
According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of Korogwe Urban District was 68,308.
Stanbridge University
Stanbridge University is a private for-profit university in California with locations in Irvine, Alhambra, Riverside, and San Marcos. The university offers education in nursing and allied health in Orange County, Los Angeles County, Riverside County, San Diego County, and online. It is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Career Schools and Colleges, ACCSC.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Rima Ariadaeus
Rima Ariadaeus is a linear rille on the lunar surface, situated at coordinates 6°24′N 14°00′E﻿ / ﻿6.4°N 14.0°E﻿ / 6.4; 14.0. Measuring approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) in width and spanning a length of 300 km (186.4 mi), it stretches between Mare Tranquillitatis and Mare Vaporum.

Rille
Rille /ˈrɪl/ (German for 'groove') is typically used to describe any of the long, narrow depressions in the surface of the Moon that resemble channels. The Latin term is rima, plural rimae. Typically, a rille can be several kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers in length. However, the term has also been used loosely to describe similar structures on a number of planets in the Solar System, including Mars, Venus, and on a number of moons. All bear a structural resemblance to each other.
Union Monégasque
Union Monégasque (UM; English: Monegasque Union; French pronunciation: [ynjɔ̃ mɔnegask]) is a centrist political party in the Principality of Monaco. Union Monégasque was formed in 2003 and is led by Jean-François Robillon. In the 2023 election it won 3 seats on the National Council as a part of the Monegasque National Union coalition.

Union Monégasque promotes and formulates political proposals aimed at bringing together the Monegasque population around common values according to the founding principles it has adopted. Pride, unity and ambition are the three founding pillars of the political group.

2023 Monegasque general election
General elections were held in Monaco on 5 February 2023. The result was a landslide victory for the governing Monegasque National Union led by Brigitte Boccone-Pagès, which won all 24 seats on the National Council. The new council was sworn in on 16 February.
Knee Deep Records
Knee Deep Records (also known as Kneedeep Records) was a Canadian independent record label, specializing in hip hop music.

Based in Toronto, Ontario, Knee Deep was originally a home recording studio. The label was founded in 1995 by record producer Day and rapper Choclair. The label's first 12" single—"Father Time" by Saukrates b/w "Twenty One Years" by Choclair—is considered an underground hip hop classic. In 1996, the label released Kardinal Offishall's first single, "Naughty Dread", which received a Juno Award nomination for Best Rap Recording in 1997; Choclair won the award for his EP, What It Takes. After the label was shut down in the early 2000s, Day and Choclair founded Greenhouse Music in 2003.

What It Takes (EP)
What It Takes is an EP by Canadian rapper Choclair, released independently in 1997 on Knee Deep Records. It spawned the 12" single "What It Takes Remix", and a music video of the title track was released in 1996. The EP won the award for Best Rap Recording at the 1997 Juno Awards.
Mossige
Mossige is a village in Time municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The village is a small farming village composed of about one dozen farms and homes.  It is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of the town of Bryne, the same distance northeast of the village of Nærbø, and about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) west of the village of Undheim.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Wild (2014 film)
Wild is a 2014 American biographical adventure drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée and written by Nick Hornby, based on the 2012 memoir Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail by Cheryl Strayed. Starring Reese Witherspoon, Laura Dern, Thomas Sadoski, Michiel Huisman, Gaby Hoffmann, Kevin Rankin, and W. Earl Brown, the film follows Strayed as she embarks on a solo hiking trip on the Pacific Crest Trail in 1995 after numerous personal problems had left her life in shambles.

The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 29, 2014, and was released theatrically in the United States on December 5, 2014. It received positive reviews from critics and was a box office success, grossing $52.5 million against its $15 million budget. Witherspoon and Dern received nominations at the 87th Academy Awards for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress, respectively.

W. Earl Brown
William Earl Brown (born September 7, 1963) is an American actor, screenwriter, producer, musician, and songwriter. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Kenny, the cameraman in the film Scream (1996), Warren in the film There's Something About Mary (1998), Dan Dority on the HBO series Deadwood (2004–2006), and the voice and motion capture of Bill in the video game The Last of Us (2013). He has appeared in films such as Backdraft, The Master, Being John Malkovich, The Sessions, Vanilla Sky, The Lone Ranger, and Bloodworth (which he also wrote and produced), as well as series such as Seinfeld, NYPD Blue, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, CSI: Miami, The X-Files, Six Feet Under, Preacher, Bates Motel, True Detective, American Horror Story, Chicago Fire, Psych, and The Mandalorian.
James Thompson Marshall
James Thompson Marshall (1854, Glanford Brigg, Lincolnshire - 1931, Knaresborough, Yorkshire) was an English railway and mechanical engineer known for inventing the 'Marshall valve gear' for steam locomotive use. James Marshall began his engineering career at the Leeds-based Steam Plough Company, and later moved to the city's Boyne Engine Works.

Valve gear
The valve gear of a steam engine is the mechanism that operates the inlet and exhaust valves to admit steam into the cylinder and allow exhaust steam to escape, respectively, at the correct points in the cycle. It can also serve as a reversing gear. It is sometimes referred to as the "motion".