hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Morton D. May
Morton David May (25 March 1914 – 13 April 1983) (known as Buster to his friends and colleagues) was an American philanthropist and art collector. He was also at various times director, chairman of the board, and chief executive officer of the May Department Stores Company.

The May Department Stores Company
The May Department Stores Company was an American holding company of department stores founded in 1877 by David May. It operated several regional department stores throughout the United States, which were managed as distinct business divisions with limited interconnectivity between them. May was acquired by Federated Department Stores in 2005, and the remaining May-owned stores were converted to Macy's in 2006.
Datureae
Daturae is a tribe of flowering plants in the subfamily Solanoideae of the family Solanaceae. It comprises three genera: Datura, the Devil's trumpets, Brugmansia, the Angel's trumpets, and the monotypic Trompettia.

These plants are all genetically related. Phylogenetic research shows that Datura species evolved out of an ancestor shared with Nicotiana Tabacum. Whether or not Datura and Brugmansia species evolved out of each other is disputed.

Trompettia
Trompettia cardenasiana is a species of nightshade that is a spiny shrub bearing very small leaves, 0.35–0.5 cm (0.1–0.2 in) by 0.1–0.12 cm (0.04–0.05 in), a yellow trumpet-shaped campanulate flower, measuring about 3 cm (1.2 in) long and globose fruit. The growth habit is somewhat reminiscent of certain Lycium species. It is endemic to Bolivia, growing in dry, Andean valleys at elevations of 2,000–2,500 m (6,600–8,200 ft) and 3,000–3,500 m (9,800–11,500 ft) and has been collected near the town of Cotagaita in Potosí Department.
Rail transport in Italy
The Italian railway system is one of the most important parts of the infrastructure of Italy, with a total length of 24,567 km (15,265 mi) of which active lines are 16,832 km (10,459 mi). The network has recently grown with the construction of the new high-speed rail network. Italy is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Italy is 83. In 2024, the Italian national rail service Trenitalia was recognized as the best rail passenger operator in Europe.

Bologna Centrale railway station
Bologna Centrale is the main railway station in Bologna, Italy. The station is situated at the northern edge of the city centre. It is located at the southern end of the Milan-Bologna high-speed line, which opened on 13 December 2008, and the northern end of three lines between Bologna and Florence: the original Bologna-Florence line through Porretta Terme and Pistoia; the Bologna–Florence Direttissima via Prato, which opened on 22 April 1934 and the Bologna-Florence high-speed line, which opened to traffic on 13 December 2009.

Bologna Centrale is the fifth-busiest in Italy in terms of passenger movements (about 58 million passengers per year). It is, however, one of the busiest, along with Rome Termini Station, for the number of train movements per day (about 800).

The station is linked to Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport by the Marconi Express, a direct monorail line 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) in length, launched on 18 November 2020.
Courtauld Gallery
The Courtauld Gallery (UK: /ˈkɔːrtoʊld/) is an art museum in Somerset House, on the Strand in central London. It houses the collection of the Samuel Courtauld Trust and operates as an integral part of the Courtauld Institute of Art.

The Courtauld collection was formed largely through donations and bequests, and includes paintings, drawings, sculptures and other works from medieval to modern times. It is particularly known for its French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The collection contains some 530 paintings and over 26,000 drawings and prints. The head of the Courtauld Gallery is Ernst Vegelin. The gallery closed on 3 September 2018 for a major redevelopment, called Courtauld Connects, and reopened on 19 November 2021.

The Courtauld Institute of Art is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art. The director designate of the Courtauld Institute of Art is Professor Mark Hallett.

Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe
Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (French: [lə deʒœne syʁ lɛʁb, -ʒøn-]; The Luncheon on the Grass) – originally titled Le Bain (The Bath) – is a large  oil on canvas  painting by  Édouard Manet  created in 1862 and 1863.

It depicts a nude woman and a scantily dressed bathing woman on a picnic with two fully dressed men in a rural setting. Rejected by the Salon jury of 1863, Manet seized the opportunity to exhibit this and two other paintings in the 1863 Salon des Refusés, where the painting sparked public notoriety and controversy. The work increased Manet's fame; in spite of this it failed to sell at its debut.

The work is in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. A smaller, earlier version can be seen at the Courtauld Gallery, London.
St Margaret the Queen, Buxted
The Church of St Margaret the Queen is a grade I listed building in Buxted Park, East Sussex, England. It is dedicated to Saint Margaret of Scotland, an 11th-century Scottish queen. The church dates from the 13th century, with additions in the 15th and 16th centuries, and it was restored in 1858. In the present day, it is a middle-of-the-road Church of England church and part of the Parish of Buxted and Hadlow Down in the diocese of Chichester.

Buxted
Buxted is a village and civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex in England. The parish is situated on the Weald, north of Uckfield; the settlements of Five Ash Down, Heron's Ghyll and High Hurstwood are included within its boundaries. At one time its importance lay in the Wealden iron industry, and later it became commercially important in the poultry and egg industry.

The village has both road (the high street is also the A272) and rail links to Uckfield and to London via Oxted.
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite is an organophosphorus compound with the formula [(C4H9)2C6H3O]3P.  This white solid is a widely used stabilizer in polymers where it functions as a secondary antioxidant. It also reduces discoloration (yellowing) of plastics. The compound is a phosphite ester formed by the reaction of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol with phosphorus trichloride. It is an approved food contact materials in the US.

Phosphite ester
In organic chemistry, a phosphite ester or organophosphite usually refers to an organophosphorous compound with the formula P(OR)3. They can be considered as esters of an unobserved tautomer phosphorous acid, H3PO3, with the simplest example being trimethylphosphite, P(OCH3)3.  Some phosphites can be considered esters of the dominant tautomer of phosphorous acid (HP(O)(OH)2).  The simplest representative is dimethylphosphite with the formula HP(O)(OCH3)2. Both classes of phosphites are usually colorless liquids.
Traditional Arabic
Traditional Arabic is an Arabic naskh-based typeface first developed by Monotype as Series 589 in the spring of 1956. It featured a system of interlocking sorts to allow for the diacritics to properly display over the letters they modify.

Whereas Linotype's typeface Simplified Arabic or Yakout had become the standard for newspapers, the Traditional Arabic typeface became the preferred for quality book printing.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Compugraphic plagiarized Traditional Arabic as well as Simplified Arabic; they had both become ubiquitous. When the Belgian Agfa-Gevaert Corporation came to control Compugraphics, it licensed the fonts it plagiarized to Microsoft for use in Microsoft Windows.

Monotype typefaces
The Monotype typefaces were developed by the Lanston Monotype Machine Company and its successors, originally as metal type for use in printing presses. Monotype Imaging has the rights to the original designs, and many more designs from other sources. The remains of the production archive and what is left of the machines were sent to the Type Museum (later the Type Archive) in London, England. There the original matrices can still be accessed and parts of the old machines ordered. The collection itself is the property of the British Science Museum. The survival of the Type Archive was threatened by worsening economic conditions and the need for substantial repairs to the building.
Chamberí
Chamberí is a district of Madrid, Spain. It is further subdivided into six neighborhoods (Gaztambide, Arapiles, Trafalgar, Almagro, Ríos Rosas and Vallehermoso). The district junta is headquartered at the plaza de Chamberí. The current urban outline was born as part of the Ensanche plan drafted by Carlos María de Castro (approved in 1860).

Gaztambide (Madrid)
Gaztambide is an administrative neighborhood (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Chamberí. It has an area of 0.506596 km2 (0.195598 sq mi). As of 1 February 2021, it has a population of 23,038.
Frank Drown
Frank Drown (September 30, 1922 - January 22, 2018) was an American author and former missionary. He and his wife Marie were missionaries with Gospel Missionary Union and worked for 37 years with the Jívaro Indians of eastern Ecuador, who were known for their head shrinking.

The Drowns were asked to write a book about their lives as missionaries. After the success of Elisabeth Elliot's best-seller Through Gates of Splendor, the publishers believed such a book would be in demand. And so the Drowns co-authored a book which became their memoirs, titled Mission to the Headhunters, followed by Unmarked Memories: Five friends buried in the jungle of Ecuador.

Drown was interviewed for the 2004 documentary Beyond the Gates of Splendor where he described in detail what happened during the search party's expedition.

Beyond the Gates of Splendor
Beyond the Gates of Splendor (also Beyond the Gates) is a documentary film that was released in 2004. It chronicles the events leading up to and following Operation Auca, an attempt to contact the Huaorani tribe of Ecuador in which five American missionaries were killed. The film was produced by Bearing Fruit Productions and distributed by Every Tribe Entertainment.
Amaranth Advisors
Amaranth Advisors LLC was an American multi-strategy hedge fund founded by Nicholas M. Maounis and headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut. At its peak, the firm had $9.2 billion in assets under management before collapsing in September 2006, after losing in excess of $6 billion on natural gas futures. Amaranth Advisors collapse is one of the biggest hedge fund collapses in history and at the time (2006) largest known trading losses.

Citadel LLC
Citadel LLC (formerly known as Citadel Investment Group, LLC) is an American multinational hedge fund and financial services company. Founded in 1990 by Kenneth Griffin, it has more than $65 billion in assets under management as of January 2025. The company has over 2,900 employees, with corporate headquarters in Miami, Florida,: 1  and offices throughout North America, Asia, and Europe. Founder, CEO and Co-CIO Griffin owns approximately 85% of the firm. As of December 2022, Citadel is one of the most profitable hedge funds in the world, posting $74 billion in net gains since its inception in 1990, making it the most successful hedge fund in history, according to CNBC.

Citadel LLC is legally distinct from the market maker Citadel Securities, although both were founded and are owned by Griffin and remain under common ownership structures.
Congal Cáech
Congal Cáech (also Congal Cláen) was a king of the Cruthin of Dál nAraidi in the medieval Irish province of Ulaid, from around 626 to 637. He was king of Ulaid from 627–637 and, according to some sources, High King of Ireland.

Battle of Moira
The Battle of Moira, also known as the Battle of Magh Rath, was fought in the summer of AD 637 by the High King of Ireland, Domnall II, against his foster son Congal Cáech, King of Ulaid, supported by his ally Domnall Brecc, King of Dál Riata. The battle resulted in a decisive victory for the High King and his army, and Congal Cáech was killed in the fighting.

The battle was reputedly fought near the woods of Killultagh just outside the village of Moira in what would become County Down. It was allegedly the largest battle ever fought on the island of Ireland, and resulted in the death of Congal and the retreat of Domnall Brecc. However, the location of the battle is not settled and some commentators identify the location as being a few miles outside Newry, County Down in the vicinity of the townlands of Sheeptown and Derrylecklagh near to the ancient rath known as the Crown Mound.
Melton Entertainment Park
Melton Entertainment Park, formerly Tabcorp Park, is an Australian horse racing venue situated in Melton, Victoria, Australia; 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-west of the Melbourne central business district. It is used for harness racing and is operated by Harness Racing Victoria.

Harness Racing Victoria
Harness Racing Victoria (HRV) is a statutory body for which the Victorian Minister for Racing, The Hon. Anthony Carbines is responsible. Harness Racing Victoria's function is to administer, develop and promote the sport of Harness Racing in Victoria.
John of Nepomuk
John of Nepomuk (or John Nepomucene) (Czech: Jan Nepomucký; German: Johannes Nepomuk; Latin: Ioannes Nepomucenus) (c. 1345 – 20 March 1393)
was a saint of Bohemia. He was executed by King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia for disobedience. John was thrown into the Vltava river.

A legend grew that John was executed for refusing to divulge the secrets of the Queen's confession to Wenceslaus. This fiction made John of Nepomuk the martyr of the Seal of the Confessional. He is also a patron against calumnies and a protector from floods and drowning.

Bohuslav Balbín
Bohuslav Balbín (3 December 1621 – 29 November 1688) was a Czech writer, historian, geographer and Jesuit. He became well known also as an advocate of the Czech language in the time of incoming germanisation of the Czech lands. He was called the "Czech Pliny".
Huahine starling
The Huahine starling (Aplonis diluvialis) is an extinct bird from the genus Aplonis within the starling family, Sturnidae. It was endemic to the island of Huahine, in the Society Islands of French Polynesia, and therefore had the easternmost distribution of all Aplonis species in the Pacific region.

Huahine
Huahine is an island located among the Society Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the South Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Leeward Islands group (Îles sous le Vent). At the 2022 census it had a population of 6,263.
Cynthia Cooper (accountant)
Cynthia Cooper is an American accountant who formerly served as the Vice President of Internal Audit at WorldCom. In 2002, Cooper and her team of auditors worked together in secret and often at night to investigate and unearth $3.8 billion in fraud at WorldCom which, at that time, was the largest corporate fraud in U.S. history.

Cooper was named one of three "People of the Year" by Time magazine in 2002.

WorldCom scandal
The WorldCom scandal was a major accounting scandal discovered in June 2002 at WorldCom, then the second-largest long-distance telephone company in the United States. Between 1999 and 2002, senior executives led by founder and CEO Bernard Ebbers engaged in accounting fraud to inflate earnings and maintain the company's stock price.

The fraud was discovered by the company's internal audit unit under vice president Cynthia Cooper, who identified over $3.8 billion in fraudulent balance sheet entries. Subsequent investigations revealed that WorldCom had overstated its assets by over $11 billion, making it the largest accounting fraud in American history at that time. WorldCom filed for bankruptcy approximately one year after the scandal's disclosure.
Central Avenue Historic District (Queens)
Central Avenue Historic District is a national historic district in Glendale, Queens, New York.  It includes 104 contributing buildings built in 1916.  They consist of three story brick tenements with two apartments per floor.  Buildings feature front facades and amber iron-spot brick.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Glendale, Queens
Glendale is a neighborhood in the west-central portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It is bounded by Forest Hills to the east, Ridgewood to the west, Woodhaven to the south, and Middle Village to the north.

Glendale was built on a swampy area previously called Fresh Pond. The neighborhood was later developed into an industrial area, though it is now a more residential neighborhood. Glendale's land area is long on its east-west axis and narrow on its north-south axis. The area is surrounded mainly by cemeteries, although the neighborhood also contains several large parks, including part of Forest Park.

Glendale is located in Queens Community District 5 and its ZIP Code is 11385. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 104th Precinct. Politically, Glendale is represented by the New York City Council's 30th District.
Tim Hagans
Tim Hagans (born August 19, 1954) is an American jazz trumpeter, arranger, and composer. He has been nominated for three Grammy Awards: Best Instrumental Composition for "Box of Cannoli" on The Avatar Sessions (Fuzzy Music, 2010); Best Contemporary Jazz Album for Animation*Imagination (Blue Note, 1999); and Best Contemporary Jazz Album for Re-Animation (Blue Note, 2000).

Marc Copland
Marc Copland  (/ˈkoʊplənd/, KOHP-lənd; born May 27, 1948, as Marc Cohen) is an American jazz pianist and composer. Copland became part of the jazz scene in Philadelphia in the early 1960s as a saxophonist, and later moved to New York City, where he experimented with electric alto saxophone. In the early 1970s, while pursuing his own harmonic concept, he grew dissatisfied with what he felt were inherent limitations in the saxophone and moved to the Baltimore-Washington, D.C., area, where he remained for a decade to retrain as a jazz pianist. He returned to New York in the mid-1980s. He has since become noted for his highly developed, colorful use of abstract harmony, often using unusual polychords and elements from atonal music. Mel Minter writes that Copland "excels at painting abstract sonic atmospheres".
Monotaxis (fish)
Monotaxis  is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. The fishes in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

Monotaxis heterodon
Monotaxis heterodon, the redfin emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.
Miles Morgan
Miles Morgan (1616 – 28 May 1699) was a Welsh colonist of America, a pioneer settler of what was to become Springfield, Massachusetts. Being one of the few settlers whose homesteads were successfully defended during the attack on Springfield, Morgan was lauded as a hero of King Philip's War in 1675 for providing shelter and successfully contacting troops in Hadley. Today, a statue of Miles Morgan stands in the city's Court Square in Metro Center. He is the great ancestor of well-known banker J.P. Morgan.

Siege of Springfield
The siege of Springfield was a siege of the colonial New England settlement of Springfield in 1675 by Native Americans during King Philip's War. Springfield was the second colonial settlement in New England to be burned to the ground during the war, following Providence Plantations. King Philip's War remains, per capita, the bloodiest war in American history.
National Transportation Safety Board
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent U.S. government investigative agency responsible for civil transportation accident investigation. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on aviation accidents and incidents, certain types of highway crashes, ship and marine accidents, pipeline incidents, bridge failures, and railroad accidents. The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of hazardous materials releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in Washington, D.C. It has three regional offices, located in Anchorage, Alaska; Aurora, Colorado; and Federal Way, Washington. The agency also operated a national training center at its Ashburn facility.

Independent agencies of the United States federal government
In the United States federal government, independent agencies are agencies that exist outside the federal executive departments (those headed by a Cabinet secretary) and the Executive Office of the President.: 6  In a narrower sense, the term refers only to those independent agencies that, while considered part of the executive branch, have regulatory or rulemaking authority and are insulated from presidential control, usually because the president's power to dismiss the agency head or a member is limited.

Established through separate statutes passed by Congress, each respective statutory grant of authority defines the goals the agency must work towards, as well as what substantive areas, if any, over which it may have the power of rulemaking. These agency rules (or regulations), when in force, have the power of federal law.
Bridgestone Arena
Bridgestone Arena (originally Nashville Arena, and formerly Gaylord Entertainment Center and Sommet Center) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1996, it is the home of the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League.

2016 National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 2016 National Hockey League All-Star Game was held on January 31, 2016. The game was held in Nashville, at Bridgestone Arena, home of the Nashville Predators. This was Nashville's first time hosting the NHL All-Star Game.

For this edition, the all-star game was replaced with a four-team, three-on-three, single-elimination tournament, with one team representing each of the league's four divisions. The all-stars from the Pacific Division won the four-team tournament. Team captain John Scott, an enforcer voted into the game through a fan vote, scored two goals and was given the game's most valuable player award.
Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces (Eritrea)
The Chief of Staff of the Eritrean Defence Forces. The person in this post is the highest-ranking military officer in the EDF and is responsible for maintaining operational control over military structures.

Eritrean Defence Forces
The Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) (Tigrinya: ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ኤርትራ) are the combined military forces of Eritrea composed of three branches: Eritrean Army, Eritrean Air Force and Eritrean Navy. The Army is by far the largest, followed by the Air Force and Navy. The Commander-in-Chief of the EDF is the President of Eritrea. Their military role stems from Eritrea's strategic geographical location, located on the Red Sea with a foothold on the Bab-el-Mandeb strait.
Selbu Municipality
Selbu is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Mebonden. Other villages in Selbu include Flora, Fossan, Hyttbakken, Innbygda, Selbustrand, Trøa, Tømra, and Vikvarvet.

The 1,235-square-kilometre (477 sq mi) municipality is the 86th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Selbu Municipality is the 200th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,216. The municipality's population density is 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.8/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.6% over the previous 10-year period.

Innbygda, Trøndelag
Innbygda is a village in Selbu Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the eastern end of the lake Selbusjøen, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the municipal center of Mebonden and about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) southwest of the village of Trøa. The village is home to some small industries including a sawmill and a Tine factory.