hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta
Atma Jaya University Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta) (Javanese: ꦈꦤꦶꦮ꦳ꦼꦂꦱꦶꦠꦱ꧀ꦄꦠ꧀ꦩꦗꦪꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ, romanized: Univêrsitas Atma Jaya Ngayogyakarta), abbreviated as UAJY, is a university located in Depok, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. UAJY is one of the 50 most promising university and one of the best six universities in Indonesia in quality assurance according to Directorate of Higher Education, Department of National Education. Currently the university offers 12 undergraduate and 7 graduate programs, with an estimated ±11.307 students. There are four main campus buildings: Alfonsus Building in Mrican, Thomas Aquinas Building in Babarsari, Bonaventura Building in Babarsari, Teresa Building in Babarsari.

Sleman Regency
Sleman Regency (Indonesian pronunciation: [səˈleman]; ) is an Indonesian regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten) on the island of Java.  It is located in the north of the Yogyakarta Special Administrative Region, Indonesia, and has an area of  574.82 square kilometres (221.94 sq mi), with a population of 1,093,110 at the 2010 Census and 1,125,804 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,157,292 - comprising 573,760 males and 583,540 females. Its capital is the town of Sleman. The current regent is Harda Kiswaya.
Kainan, Tokushima
Kainan (海南町, Kainan-chō) was a town located in Kaifu District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,967 and a density of 28.52 persons per km2. The total area was 209.22 km2.

On March 31, 2006, Kainan, along with the towns of Kaifu and Shishikui (all from Kaifu District), was merged to create the town of Kaiyō.

Kaiyō, Tokushima
Kaiyō (海陽町, Kaiyō-chō) is a town located in Kaifu District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2022, the town had an estimated population of 8,699 in 4488 households and a population density of 27 persons per km². The total area of the town is 327.65 square kilometres (126.51 sq mi).
Ariq Böke
Ariq Böke (after 1219–1266) was the seventh and youngest son of Tolui and a grandson of Genghis Khan. After the death of his brother the Great Khan Möngke, Ariq Böke claimed the title of the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire and briefly took power while his brothers Kublai and Hulagu were absent from the Mongolian Plateau. When Kublai returned for an election in 1260, rival factions could not agree, and elected both claimants, Kublai and Ariq Böke, to the throne, resulting in the Toluid Civil War that fragmented the Mongol Empire. Ariq Böke was supported by the traditionalists of the Mongol Empire, while his brother Kublai was supported by the senior princes of North China and Manchuria.

Kaidu
Kaidu (/ˈkaɪdu/; Middle Mongol: ᠬᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠤ [ˈqʰaɪd̥ʊ], Modern Mongol: Хайду, Khaidu [ˈχæːtʊ̽]; c. 1235 – 1301) was a grandson of Ögedei Khan (1186–1241) and thus leader of the House of Ögedei and the de facto khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of the Mongol Empire. He ruled parts of modern-day Xinjiang and Central Asia during the 13th century, and actively opposed his cousin, Kublai, who established the Yuan dynasty. Medieval chroniclers often mistranslated Kadan as Kaidu, mistakenly placing Kaidu at the Battle of Legnica. Kadan was the brother of Güyük, and Kaidu's uncle.
Maillardet's automaton
Maillardet's automaton (or Draughtsman-Writer, Maelzel's Juvenile Artist, Juvenile Artist) is an automaton built in London c. 1800 by a Swiss mechanician, Henri Maillardet. It is currently part of the collections at The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia.

Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a science museum and a center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin. It houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States. Its chief astronomer is Derrick Pitts.
St Paul's Church, Scotforth
St Paul's Church is in Scotforth, a suburb of Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Lancaster, the archdeaconry of Lancaster and Morecambe, and the diocese of Blackburn. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described it as a "strange building" and "an anachronism, almost beyond belief".

Diocese of Blackburn
The diocese of Blackburn is diocese of the Church of England in North West England. Its boundaries correspond to northern Lancashire. The diocese contains 211 parishes and 280 churches. Blackburn Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Blackburn, currently Philip North, and the diocesan offices are also located in Blackburn.

What is now the diocese of Blackburn was historically part of the diocese of York. It became part of the newly created diocese of Chester in 1541, and part of the diocese of Manchester when it was created in 1847. The diocese of Blackburn was in turn established on 12 November 1926 from the northern part of Manchester.
Bernard of Botone
Bernard of Botone (date of birth unknown; d. 1263, or, according to Hurter, 24 March 1266) was a noted Italian canonist of the thirteenth century. He is generally called Bern(h)ardus Parmensis  or Bernard of Parma, from his birthplace Parma.

He studied in Bologna, under Tancred, where later he accepted the chair of canon law. Here Durantis was his disciple. According to the inscription on his tombstone he was Chancellor of the University of Bologna. Bernard obtained a canonry in the Cathedral of Bologna, and was also named chaplain to Pope Innocent IV and Pope Alexander IV, by whom he was employed in solving questions of weight.

Guillaume Durand
Guillaume Durand, or William Durand (c. 1230 – 1 November 1296), also known as Durandus, Duranti or Durantis, from the Italian form of Durandi filius, as he sometimes signed himself, was a French canonist and liturgical writer, and Bishop of Mende.
Aizutakada, Fukushima
Aizutakada (会津高田町, Aizutakada-machi) was a town located in Ōnuma District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 15,024 and a population density of 76.78 persons per km2. The total area was 195.67 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Aizutakada, along with the town of Aizuhongō, and the village of Niitsuru (all from Ōnuma District), was merged to create the town of Aizumisato.

Aizumisato
Aizumisato (会津美里町, Aizumisato-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2020, the town had an estimated population of 20,092 in 7306 households  and a population density of 73 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 276.33 square kilometres (106.69 sq mi).
Air Force of Serbia and Montenegro
The Air Force of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Ратно Ваздухопловство Србије и Црне Горе, РВСиЦГ, romanized: Ratno Vazduhoplovstvo Srbije i Crne Gore, lit. 'War Air Force of Serbia and Montenegro', RVSiCG), also known as the Air Force of Yugoslavia (JRV; Serbian: Југословенско Ратно Ваздухопловство, romanized: Jugoslovensko Ratno Vazduhoplovstvo, lit. 'Yugoslav War Air Force') from 1992 to 2003, was the air force of the former Serbia and Montenegro. It had around 300 fighter aircraft, ground attack aircraft, and other aircraft.

The air force, in 1990s, had about 16,000 personnel. The air force was disbanded when Montenegro voted to secede from the ex-FRY in 2006. The bulk of it was inherited by the Serbian Air Force and Air Defence.

250th Air Defence Missile Brigade
The 250th Air Defence Missile Brigade (Serbian: 250. ракетна бригада за протвваздухопловна дејства, romanized: 250. raketna brigada za protivvazduhoplovna dejstva) is a joint tactical unit of Serbian Air Force and Air Defence.
Mount Barney National Park
Mount Barney National Park is a national park in Queensland (Australia), 90 km southwest of Brisbane. It amalgamated the adjacent Mount Lindesay National Park in 1980. It is part of the Scenic Rim Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance in the conservation of several species of threatened birds.

Scenic Rim
The Scenic Rim is a group of forested mountain ranges of the Great Dividing Range, located south of Brisbane agglomeration, straddling the border between south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. In 2021, the Scenic Rim was named as a Lonely Planet top destination for 2022.
Pyostomatitis vegetans
Pyostomatitis vegetans is an inflammatory stomatitis and most often seen in association with inflammatory bowel disease, namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Uncommonly, it may be one of the features of orofacial granulomatosis.

Orofacial granulomatosis
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a condition characterized by persistent enlargement of the soft tissues of the mouth, lips and the area around the mouth on the face. The enlargement does not cause any pain, but the best treatment and the prognosis are uncertain. The mechanism of the enlargement is granulomatous inflammation. The underlying cause of the condition is not completely understood, and there is disagreement as to how it relates to Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis.
Kincannon
Kincannon is a surname, being a variant of the Irish surname Concannon. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Armstrong Kincannon (1859–1938), American academic

C. Louis Kincannon (1940–2012), American statistician

Harry Kincannon (1909–1965), American baseball player

Indya Kincannon (born 1971), American politician

Theodore "Ted" Nieman Kincannon (1896–1936), American aviator

Todd Kincannon (born 1981), American political activist

Concannon
Concannon (other spellings Concanen, Concanon, Conceanainn, Con Ceanainn, and Kincannon, among others) is an Irish family name. According to historian C. Thomas Cairney, the O'Concannons were a chiefly family of the Uí Mháine tribe who in turn were from the Dumnonii or Laigin who were the third wave of Celts to settle in Ireland during the first century BC.

Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Concannon (born 1963), human rights lawyer and foreign policy advocate

Brian Concannon (hurler) (born 1997), Irish hurler

Don Concannon (1930–2003), British politician

Don O. Concannon (1927–2013), American attorney and politician in Kansas

Eóin Concannon (died 1954), king of the Claddagh

Helena Concannon (née Walsh; 1878–1952), politician, historian, author and scholar

James Concannon (1890–1973), Australian politician

John Concannon, Irish businessman

Paddy Concannon (1918–2012), president of the ITCCA

Susan Concannon (born 1958), American politician
Westwood Community School District (Michigan)
Westwood Community School District is a public school district in Metro Detroit. It serves portions of Dearborn Heights, Inkster and Dearborn; the sections of Dearborn within the district are zoned for industrial and commercial uses.

Dearborn Heights, Michigan
Dearborn Heights is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Dearborn Heights is located about 12 miles (19 km) west of downtown Detroit. The city shares a small border with Detroit, and is considered a bedroom community. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 63,292.
Al-Hamah
Al-Hamah (Arabic: الهامة; also spelled al-Hameh) is a village on the Barada river in the Qudsaya District of Rif Dimashq (Damascus Countryside) in southern Syria. It is west of the Syrian capital of Damascus city, beyond Mount Qasioun, and is now an outlying suburb of greater Damascus. It is between Qudsaya to the south and Jamraya to the north.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Hamah had a population of 10,045 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims and Syriac Christians.

Jamraya
Jamraya or Jemraya (Arabic: جمرايا) is a village in the Qudsaya District of Rif Dimashq (Damascus Countryside) in southern Syria. It lies 3 miles (5 km) to the northwest of the Syrian capital of Damascus city, beyond Mount Qasioun, and is now an outlying suburb of greater Damascus. It is between al-Hamah and Qudsaya town to the south, and Ashrafiyat al-Wadi to the north. It is about 10 miles (15 km) from the Lebanese border. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 1,156 in the 2004 census.
Aluminum can
An aluminum can (British English: aluminium can) is a single-use container for packaging made primarily of an aluminum exterior with an epoxy resin or polymer coated interior.
It is commonly used for food and beverages such as olives and soup but also for products such as oil, chemicals, and other liquids. Global production is 180 billion annually and constitutes the largest single use of aluminum globally.

Can collecting
Can collecting is the hobby of collecting cans, both aluminum and tin plate cans. There are many types of cans that can be collected from around the world, each with many different brands as well as brand variations and themes. Among the most popular cans to collect are soda ones, beer ones, and car oil ones, the latter of which are sometimes branded with well-known petrol company names. Other cans that may be considered as collectibles are milk cans coffee cans, syrup, salted peanuts, crayon and advertisement-oriented lithograph tins.

Sometimes, supermarkets and petrol companies have used cans as ways to advertise; these types of cans are also sought after by can collectors.

Can collecting can be exclusive to only one type of cans: for example, collectors may dedicate themselves to collecting beer, soda, food or oil cans only. But collectors may also dedicate themselves to collecting cans from all types.
The Lyre of Orpheus (novel)
The Lyre of Orpheus is a 1988 novel by Canadian author Robertson Davies, first published by Macmillan of Canada. Lyre is the last of three connected novels of the Cornish Trilogy. It was preceded by The Rebel Angels (1981) and What's Bred in the Bone (1985).

What's Bred in the Bone
What's Bred in the Bone is the second novel in the Canadian writer Robertson Davies' Cornish Trilogy. It is the life story of Francis or Frank Cornish, whose death and will were the starting point for the first novel, The Rebel Angels.
Chukotka Mountains
The Chukotka Mountains (Russian: Чукотское нагорье, romanized: Chukotskoye Nagorye) or Chukotka Upland (Russian: Чукотская горная страна, romanized: Chukotskaya Gornaya Strana) is a mountainous area in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia.

The ridges of this system are largely barren and desolate. About half of their area is above the Arctic Circle. The climate is one of the harshest in the Russian Federation, with minimum absolute temperatures reaching −73 °C. Traditionally, Chukchi people lived only in few intermontane areas, such as the Amguema valley that cuts across the vast mountain zone.

Chantal Range
The Chantal Range (Russian: Чантальский хребет) is a range of mountains in far Northeastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation. The area of the range is desolate and uninhabited.
Appanage
An appanage, or apanage (/ˈæpənɪdʒ/; French: apanage [apanaʒ] ⓘ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a monarch, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture (where only the eldest inherits). It was common in much of Europe.

The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms.

Duchy of Anjou
The Duchy of Anjou (French: [ɑ̃ʒu] ⓘ; UK: /ˈɒ̃ʒuː, ˈæ̃ʒuː/, US: /ɒ̃ˈʒuː, ˈæn(d)ʒuː, ˈɑːnʒuː/; Latin: Andegavia) was a French province straddling the lower Loire. Its capital was Angers, and its area was roughly co-extensive with the diocese of Angers. Anjou was bordered by Brittany to the west, Maine to the north, Touraine to the east and Poitou to the south. The adjectival form is Angevin, and inhabitants of Anjou are known as Angevins. In 1482, the duchy became part of the Kingdom of France and then remained a province of the Kingdom under the name of the Duchy of Anjou. After the decree dividing France into departments in 1791, the province was disestablished and split into six new départements. The majority of its area formed the new Maine-et-Loire department and its remaining area split between the departments of Deux-Sèvres, Indre-et-Loire, Loire-Atlantique, Sarthe, and Vienne.
Einstein Cross
The Einstein Cross (Q2237+0305 or QSO 2237+0305) is a gravitationally lensed quasar that sits directly behind the centre of the galaxy ZW 2237+030, called Huchra's Lens. Four images of the same distant quasar (plus one in the centre, too dim to see) appear in the middle of the foreground galaxy due to strong gravitational lensing. This system was discovered by John Huchra and coworkers in 1985, although at the time they only detected that there was a quasar behind a galaxy based on differing redshifts and did not resolve the four separate images of the quasar.

While gravitationally lensed light sources are often shaped into an Einstein ring, due to the elongated shape of the lensing galaxy and the quasar being off-centre, the images form a peculiar cross-shape instead.

Other "Einstein crosses" have been discovered (see image below of one of them).

Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.

Orest Khvolson (1924) and Frantisek Link (1936) are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912 and published an article on the subject in 1936.

In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
Kyrkbron, Umeå
Kyrkbron is a bridge in Umeå that takes Östra Kyrkogatan over Ume River to Teg on the south side. The construction of Kyrkbron started in 1973 and it was opened on 26 September 1975 becoming Umeå's third bridge over the Ume river. A discussion about whether or not the bridge should be located next to the church lasted from the early 1960s and continued into the 1970s. During the construction an unknown burial ground was encountered (an older part of the cemetery), leading to archaeological excavations.

The bridge consists of two parallel girders in concrete with vertical straight supports. It is actually two separate bridges, each with their lane with on and exit ramps that extend out over the river on the north side. The purpose of building Kyrkbron was to relieve Tegsbron from some of the traffic and Kyrkbron was designed with the expectation that there would be a drastic increase in car traffic in the city center, which proved to be highly optimistic.

Umeå City Church
Umeå City Church (Swedish: Umeå stads kyrka) is a church building located in central Umeå, Sweden between Vänortsparken and the north bank of Ume River. It was inaugurated on 2 December 1894, which was First Advent Sunday that year.
Lubbock County, Texas
Lubbock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. The 2020 census placed the population at 310,639. Its county seat and largest city is Lubbock. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1891. It is named for Thomas Saltus Lubbock, a Confederate colonel and Texas Ranger (some sources give his first name as Thompson).

Lubbock County, along with Crosby County, and Lynn County, is part of the Lubbock Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The Lubbock MSA and Levelland Micropolitan Statistical Area, encompassing only Hockley County, form the larger Lubbock–Levelland Combined Statistical Area.

Hale County, Texas
Hale County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 32,522. Its county seat is Plainview. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1888. It is named for Lt. John C. Hale, a hero of the Battle of San Jacinto.

Hale County comprises the Plainview, Texas micropolitan statistical area.
Print on demand
Print on demand (POD) is a printing technology and business process in which book copies (or other documents, packaging, or materials) are not printed until the company receives an order, allowing prints in single or small quantities. While other industries established the build-to-order business model, POD could only develop after the beginning of digital printing, as it was not economical to print single copies using traditional printing technologies such as letterpress and offset printing.

Many traditional small presses have replaced their traditional printing equipment with POD equipment or contracted their printing to POD service providers. Many academic publishers, including university presses, use POD services to maintain large backlists (lists of older publications); some use POD for all of their publications. Larger publishers may use POD in special circumstances, such as reprinting older, out-of-print titles or for test marketing.

Digital printing
Digital printing is a method of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of media. It usually refers to professional printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and other digital sources are printed using large-format and/or high-volume laser or inkjet printers.

Digital printing has a higher cost per page than more traditional offset printing methods, but this price is usually offset by avoiding the cost of all the technical steps required to make printing plates. It also allows for on-demand printing, short turnaround time, and even a modification of the image (variable data) used for each impression. The savings in labor and the ever-increasing capability of digital presses means that digital printing is reaching the point where it can match or supersede offset printing technology's ability to produce larger print runs of several thousand sheets at a low price.
Fengtai, Beijing
Fengtai District (Chinese: 丰台区; pinyin: Fēngtái Qū) is a district of the city of Beijing. It lies mostly to the southwest of the city center, extending into the city's southwestern suburbs beyond the Sixth Ring Road, but also to the south and, to a smaller extent, the southeast, where it has borders with Chaoyang and Dongcheng.

Line 16 (Beijing Subway)
Line 16 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁16号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě shíliù hàoxiàn) is a rapid transit line in Beijing. It is 48.9 km (30.4 mi) in length with 30 stations. The line is fully underground.

Construction began in December 2013. The northern section, from Bei'anhe to Xiyuan, was opened on 31 December 2016. An infill station, Nongda Nanlu, was opened on 30 December 2017. It extended to Ganjiakou on 31 December 2020, and extended to Yuyuantan East Gate on 31 December 2021. The southern section to Yushuzhuang opened on 31 December 2022. The remainder of the line to Wanpingcheng opened on 30 December 2023.

The line is operated by the Beijing MTR Corporation Limited and uses CNR Changchun DKZ93 and CSR Sifang SFM40 eight-car high-capacity wide-body Type A trains. Line 16's color is dark-moderate green.