hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.

Boolean model of information retrieval
The (standard) Boolean model of information retrieval (BIR) is a classical information retrieval (IR) model where documents are retrieved based on whether they satisfy the conditions of a query that uses Boolean logic. As the first and most-adopted information retrieval model, it treats each document as a set of words, or terms. A user's query uses logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT to create a rule for retrieval. The system then returns all documents that match the rule.
The Rouse Company
The Rouse Company was a publicly traded shopping mall and community developer from 1954 until 2004, when General Growth Properties (GGP) purchased the company. It was founded by Hunter Moss and James Rouse in 1939.

South Street Seaport
The South Street Seaport is a historic area in the New York City borough of Manhattan, centered where Fulton Street meets the East River, within the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Seaport is a designated historic district. It is part of Manhattan Community Board 1 and is next to the East River to the southeast and the Two Bridges neighborhood to the northeast.

The district features some of the oldest buildings in Lower Manhattan, and includes the largest concentration of restored early 19th-century commercial buildings in the city. This includes renovated original mercantile buildings, renovated sailing ships, the former Fulton Fish Market, and modern tourist malls featuring food, shopping, and nightlife.
Dalrymple, Queensland
Dalrymple is a former township on the western bank of the Burdekin River, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. Established in 1864 as a police camp it was destroyed by flooding in 1870 and was abandoned in the following years. The site of the former township now falls within Dalrymple National Park where headstones and fencing remaining from the sites settlement can be found.

Burdekin River
The Burdekin River is a river in North and Far North Queensland, Australia. The river rises on the northern slopes of Boulder Mountain at Valley of Lagoons, part of the western slope of the Seaview Range, and flows into the Coral Sea at Upstart Bay over 200 kilometres (124 mi) to the southeast of the source, with a catchment area of approximately 130,000 square kilometres (50,000 sq mi). The Burdekin River is Australia's largest river by (peak) discharge volume.: 5

The river was first encountered by Europeans during the expedition led by Ludwig Leichhardt in 1845 and named in honour of Thomas Burdekin, one of the sponsors of the expedition.
Ahmad Sadali
Ahmad Sadali (24 Juli 1924 – 19 September 1987) came from a family with diversified batik and printing businesses. He was an Indonesian painter and art lecturer who was well-known for his abstract art, especially Abstract expressionism, and Cubism and Color field painting. Sadali was among the first and leading students of Ries Mulder, that represented "The Bandung School" of Indonesian art. He is considered one of the most important Indonesian modernist artists, and his works are among the highest priced Indonesian in International art markets. His signature Abstract style expresses elements of nature and spirituality in a bold yet nuanced manner.

Bandung Islamic University
Bandung Islamic University (Indonesian: Universitas Islam Bandung, abbreviated as UNISBA) is one of the oldest private universities in Indonesia based in Bandung, West Java. The purpose of UNISBA is to produce mujahid (leader), mujtahid (researchers) and mujaddid (pioneer) in an Islamic scientific society.
Chilliwack-Kent
Chilliwack-Kent was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada, that existed from 2001 to 2009 and again from 2017 to 2024.

Between 2009 and 2017, it was replaced by the Chilliwack-Hope riding. In the 2015 redistribution, the eastern portion of Chilliwack-Hope was adjusted and the name Chilliwack-Kent was brought back into service and was contested in the 2017 general election. Under the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution that took effect for the 2024 general election, riding was eliminated: Kent and other communities north of the Fraser River were redistributed to Fraser-Nicola, lands between the Fraser and Trans-Canada Highway were redistributed to Chilliwack North, and the remaining southern portion of the riding formed the new electoral district of Chilliwack-Cultus Lake.

Chilliwack-Cultus Lake
Chilliwack-Cultus Lake is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.

It was created under the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution and was first contested in the 2024 British Columbia general election. The riding was formed from portions of Chilliwack and Chilliwack-Kent.
Hypersonic XLC
Hypersonic XLC was a roller coaster located at Kings Dominion in Doswell, Virginia. Hypersonic was built by S&S Worldwide (now S&S – Sansei Technologies), a company specializing in air-powered rides, and was the first compressed air launch coaster in the world.  Hypersonic was S&S Worldwide's actual prototype for an air-launched coaster, called Thrust Air 2000.

The ride was originally fabricated by Intermountain Lift, Inc. It was reconstructed at Kings Dominion after being moved from its original location in Utah. S&S Worldwide also greatly modified the section following the 90° drop to accommodate Kings Dominion's landscape and to properly bank the turn.

In 2007, Hypersonic XLC was closed and later dismantled.

Thrust Air 2000
A Thrust Air 2000 (commonly known as a thrust air coaster) was a model of launched roller coaster made by S&S Worldwide that used refrigerated, compressed air to shoot a rubber-wheeled car down a steel track. A prototype model was created at the manufacturer's factory in 1999, then sold to Kings Dominion as Hypersonic XLC, which opened in 2001. Do-Dodonpa, located at Fuji-Q Highland, was the only production model in existence, opening in 2001 as well. It was once the fastest roller coaster in the world and held the record of the world's fastest acceleration on a roller coaster throughout its existence. Both models have since closed, and were originally fabricated by Intermountain Lift, Inc.
Knorr-Bremse
Knorr-Bremse AG is a German manufacturer of braking systems for rail and commercial vehicles that has operated since 1905. Other products in the company's portfolio include intelligent door systems, control components, air conditioning systems for rail vehicles, torsional vibration dampers, and transmission control systems for commercial vehicles.

The Group has a presence in over 30 countries, at 100 locations. In 2022, the Group's workforce of over 31,000 achieved worldwide sales of EUR 7.15 billion.

Railway air brake
A railway air brake is a railway brake power braking system with compressed air as the operating medium. Modern trains rely upon a fail-safe air brake system that is based upon a design patented by George Westinghouse on April 13, 1869.  The Westinghouse Air Brake Company was subsequently organized to manufacture and sell Westinghouse's invention. In various forms, it has been nearly universally adopted.

The Westinghouse system uses air pressure to charge air reservoirs (tanks) on each car. Full air pressure causes each car to release the brakes. A subsequent reduction or loss of air pressure causes each car to apply its brakes, using the compressed air stored in its reservoirs.
Gettysburg National Museum
The Gettysburg National Museum was a Gettysburg Battlefield visitor attraction on the south border of the Gettysburg borough. Established by George D. Rosensteel after working at his uncle's 1888 Round Top Museum, the facility had an interpretive Battle of Gettysburg map using incandescent lights and was acquired by the National Park Service for use as the 1974–2008 Gettysburg National Military Park museum and visitor center after the Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg and before the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center.

Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center
The Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center is a Gettysburg National Military Park facility, with a museum about the American Civil War, the 1884 Gettysburg Cyclorama, and the tour center for licensed Battlefield Guides and for buses to see the Gettysburg Battlefield and Eisenhower National Historic Site.

The museum displays artifacts, including cannon, firearms, and uniforms, and includes an exhibit gallery and theater. Additional facilities are a "computer resource room", a bookstore with gifts, and a restaurant.
Ugo Camozzo
Ugo Camozzo (28 November 1892 – 7 July 1977) was an Italian prelate who served as the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Fiume from 1938 to 1947 and Archbishop of Pisa from 1948 to 1970. He was ordained in 1914 and worked for the Patriarchate of Venice until 1938,  the year in which he was consecrated  at Fiume, at that time part of Italy, and renamed Rijeka as part of Croatia. After World War II, Yugoslavia gained control over the city of Rijeka, and like many of the Italians living there, Archbishop Camozzo was forced into exile in 1947. The following year Pope Pius XII named him Archbishop of Pisa. He resigned on 22 September 1970 and died, aged 84, on 7 July 1977. He was the last Italian Archbishop of Fiume.

Archdiocese of Pisa
The Archdiocese of Pisa (Latin: Archidioecesis Pisana) is a Latin Church metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Pisa, Italy.  It was founded in the 4th century and elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on 21 April 1092 by Pope Urban II. The seat of the bishop is the cathedral of the Assumption in the Piazza del Duomo.

The archbishop of Pisa presides over the Ecclesiastical Province of Pisa, which includes the dioceses of Livorno, Massa Carrara-Pontremoli, Pescia, and Volterra.

In 2025, Pope Francis nominated Fr. Saverio Cannistrà, OCD, former superior general of the Order of Discalced Carmelites as archbishop of Pisa, replacing Giovanni Paolo Benotto, who has been archbishop since 2008.
Stephen Zápolya
Stephen Zápolya (Hungarian: Szapolyai István; died on 23 December 1499), was Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary between 1492 and 1499.

He married Polish princess Hedwig of Cieszyn on 11 August 1483 (his second marriage), by whom he had four children:

János Zápolya (2 June 1487 – 22 July 1540), later King of Hungary;

George Zápolya (ca. 1494 – 29 August 1526), killed in action at Mohács;

Barbara Zápolya (1495 – 2 October 1515), queen consort of Poland after her marriage to Sigismund I the Old;

Magdalena Zápolya (b. ca. 1499 – 1499), died young.

He was buried in the Zápolya family vault on the Szepes chapter house.

Barbara Zápolya
Barbara Zápolya (Hungarian: Szapolyai Borbála, Lithuanian: Barbora Zapojajietė, 1495–1515) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the first wife of Sigismund I the Old from 1512 to 1515. Marriage to Barbara represented an alliance between Sigismund and the House of Zápolya against the Habsburgs in succession disputes over the throne to the Kingdom of Hungary. The alliance was short-lived as the renewed Muscovite–Lithuanian War forced Sigismund to look for Habsburg allies. The marriage was loving, but short. Barbara was the mother of Hedwig, Electress of Brandenburg, but died soon after the birth of her second daughter Anna.
Beatrice of Bohemia
Beatrice of Bohemia (Czech: Božena Česká; 1225–1290) was a daughter of King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia and his wife Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen.

She married Margrave Otto III and was the mother of:

John III "of Prague" (1244-1268)

Otto V "the Tall" (c. 1246-1298)

Albert III (c. 1250-1300)

Otto VI "the Short" (c. 1255-1303)

Kunigunde (died c. 1292), married:

in 1264 to Duke Bela of Slavonia (1245-1269)

in 1273 to Duke Waleran IV of Limburg

Matilda (d. 1316), married in 1266 to Duke Barnim I of Pomerania (c. 1218-1278)

Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
Wenceslaus I (Czech: Václav I.; c. 1205 – 23 September 1253), called One-Eyed, was King of Bohemia from 1230 to 1253.

Wenceslaus was a son of Ottokar I of Bohemia and his second wife Constance of Hungary.
The Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan
The Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan (commonly known as The Korean Council) is a Korean non-governmental organization advocating the rights of the surviving comfort women and lobbying the Japanese government to take actions of a full apology and compensation.

Since its foundation in 1990, the Korean Council has been operating on national and transnational stages. Within South Korea, the council has been helping the former comfort women and encouraging the Korean government to resolve the issue. At the same time, the council has been asserting responsibilities of Japan and bringing the issue to international human rights forum such as the UN Commission on Human Rights and the Asian Solidarity Conference. The movements of the council are directly concerned to recover the human rights of the victims of Japanese military sexual slavery, and are broadly in pursuit of preventing wartime crime against women and building peace.

Wednesday demonstration
Wednesday demonstration (Korean: 수요 집회, romanized: Suyo jipoe), officially named Wednesday Demonstration demanding Japan to redress the Comfort Women problems (Korean: 일본군 위안부 문제 해결을 위한 정기 수요시위, romanized: ilbongun wianbu munje haegyeoreul wihan jeonggi suyosiwi), is a weekly protest in South Korea which aims at obtaining justice from the Japanese government regarding the large-scale sexual slavery system established under Imperial Japan rule during World War II (its victims are commonly known under the euphemism "comfort women"). The weekly protest is held in the presence of surviving comfort women on every Wednesday at noon in front of the Embassy of Japan in Seoul.
Prestestranda
Prestestranda is the administrative centre of Drangedal Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located at the northwestern end of the lake Øvre Toke, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the southeast of the village of Bostrak and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the northwest of the village of Henseid. Drangedal Church is located in the village.

The 1.58-square-kilometre (390-acre) village has a population (2022) of 1,293 and a population density of 821 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,130/sq mi).

A railway station along the Sørlandsbanen railway line was built in the village in 1927.

Drangedal Church
Drangedal Church (Norwegian: Drangedal kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Drangedal Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Prestestranda. It is the church for the Drangedal parish which is part of the Bamble prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1775 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 300 people.
Carpinone
Carpinone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Campobasso and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Isernia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,273 and an area of 32.5 square kilometres (12.5 sq mi).

Carpinone borders the following municipalities: Castelpetroso, Frosolone, Isernia, Macchiagodena, Pesche, Pettoranello del Molise, Santa Maria del Molise, Sessano del Molise.

Sessano del Molise
Sessano del Molise is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Campobasso and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Isernia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 871 and an area of 24.7 square kilometres (9.5 sq mi).

Sessano del Molise borders the following municipalities: Carpinone, Chiauci, Civitanova del Sannio, Frosolone, Miranda, Pesche, Pescolanciano.
Hamlagrøvatnet
Hamlagrøvatnet is a lake in Vestland county, Norway. The lake lies along the border of Voss Municipality and Kvam Municipality. At 10.3 square kilometres (4.0 sq mi), it is the largest lake in all of Hordaland. The lake is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of the village of Dale (in Vaksdal Municipality) and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the village of Evanger (in Voss Municipality).

The lake sits at the eastern end of the Bergsdalen valley and it is regulated at elevation of 588 to 560 metres (1,929 to 1,837 ft) above sea level. The lake is a reservoir on the river Bergsdalselvi which has four hydroelectric power stations on it. The lake is surrounded by many holiday cottages.

Kvam Municipality
Kvam is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The municipality is located along the Hardangerfjorden in the traditional district of Hardanger. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Norheimsund. Other larger settlements in the municipality include Øystese, Strandebarm, Ålvik, Tørvikbygd, Omastranda, Vikedal, Vikøy, and Mundheim. Historically, it was named Vikør Municipality.

The 616.95-square-kilometre (238.21 sq mi) municipality is the 187th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Kvam Municipality is the 129th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 8,517. The municipality's population density is 13.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (36/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1% over the previous 10-year period.
Black–Karasinski model
In financial mathematics, the Black–Karasinski model is a mathematical model of the term structure of interest rates; see short-rate model. It is a one-factor model as it describes interest rate movements as driven by a single source of randomness. It belongs to the class of no-arbitrage models, i.e. it can fit today's zero-coupon bond prices, and in its most general form, today's prices for a set of caps, floors or European swaptions. The model was introduced by Fischer Black and Piotr Karasinski in 1991.

Short-rate model
A short-rate model, in the context of interest rate derivatives, is a mathematical model that describes the future evolution of interest rates by describing the future evolution of the short rate, usually written .
Rural Municipality of Great Bend No. 405
The Rural Municipality of Great Bend No. 405 (2016 population: 509) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 16 and SARM Division No. 6. Located in the west-central portion of the province, it is approximately 50 km (31 mi) to the northwest of Saskatoon.

Division No. 16, Saskatchewan
Division No. 16 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the north-central part of the province. The most populous community in this division is North Battleford.
Methodist New Connexion
The Methodist New Connexion, also known as Kilhamite Methodism, was a Protestant nonconformist church. It was formed in 1797 by secession from the Wesleyan Methodists, and merged in 1907 with the Bible Christian Church and the United Methodist Free Churches to form the United Methodist Church. In Australia, it joined with those, along with the Wesleyan Methodist Church and Primitive Methodist Church, to form the Methodist Church of Australasia in 1902.

United Methodist Church (Great Britain)
The United Methodist Church in Great Britain was a Protestant denomination which operated from 1907 to 1932. It was a relatively small grouping of British Methodism, formed in 1907 by the union of the United Methodist Free Churches with two other small groupings, the Bible Christian Church and the Methodist New Connexion.
Guinness family
The Guinness family is an Anglo-Irish noble family known for its achievements in brewing, banking, politics, and Protestant ministry. The brewing branch is particularly well known among the general public for producing the dry stout beer Guinness, as founded by Arthur Guinness in 1759. An Anglo-Irish Protestant family, beginning in the late 18th century, they became a part of what is known in Ireland as the Protestant Ascendancy.

The "banking line" Guinnesses all descend from Arthur's brother Samuel (1727–1795) who set up as a goldbeater in Dublin in 1750; his son Richard (1755–1830), a Dublin barrister; and Richard's son Robert Rundell Guinness who founded Guinness Mahon in 1836.

The current head of the family is the Earl of Iveagh. Another prominent branch, descended from the 1st Earl of Iveagh, is headed by Lord Moyne.

Robert Rundell Guinness
Robert Rundell Guinness (12 December 1789 – 7 March 1857) was an Anglo-Irish banker, most noted for co-founding the Guinness Mahon bank in 1836.

The grandson of Dublin goldbeater Samuel Guinness (1727–1795), he is the first of the "banking line" in the Guinness family.
GeoGuessr
GeoGuessr is a geography game in which players try to deduce locations from Google Street View imagery. The game includes various modes, such as single-player and multiplayer competitions.

The game has been described as an educational tool for geography, allowing players to learn and identify various global geographical and cultural characteristics. These include writing systems, architecture, left- and right-hand traffic, flags, vehicle registration plates, landscapes and vegetation. This educational aspect enhances players' understanding of different cultures and regions around the world.

Trevor Rainbolt
Trevor Rainbolt (born November 7, 1998), known mononymously as Rainbolt, is an American social media personality and player of GeoGuessr, an online geography game. He initially gained popularity through posting GeoGuessr gameplay videos on TikTok, which often involved difficult challenges or self-imposed limitations, and often showed him making highly accurate guesses at high speeds. He posts videos on YouTube about the game and other geography-related topics.
Government Institute of Textile Chemistry and Knitting Technology
Government Institute of Textile Chemistry and Knitting Technology (GITC&KT)  is a Government polytechnic college at Ludhiana Punjab. The college is affiliated with the Punjab State Board of Technical Education and Industrial Training Chandigarh, India.

Lodi Fort
The Lodi Fort (Punjabi: ਪੁਰਾਣਾ ਕਿਲਾ, romanized: Purāṇā Kila, lit. 'Old Fort'), also spelt as Lodhi Fort, is a citadel in the city of Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The fortress is located on the banks of the river Sutlej and contains a tunnel to leading to the neighboring town of Phillaur.