hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foreign personal holding company
Foreign personal holding company income (FPHCI) is defined for U.S. controlled foreign corporation rules and, with modifications, for U.S. foreign tax credit rules. It consists of interest, dividends, rents, royalties, gains on property producing FPHCI, and certain other items. Exceptions are provided for active rents and royalties, certain related party rents and royalties, same country income, and certain other items. For purposes of the foreign tax credit, an additional exception requires look-through of certain income received from a controlled foreign corporation.

Controlled foreign corporation
Controlled foreign corporation (CFC) rules are features of an income tax system designed to limit artificial deferral of tax by using offshore low taxed entities. The rules are needed only with respect to income of an entity that is not currently taxed to the owners of the entity. Generally, certain classes of taxpayers must include in their income currently certain amounts earned by foreign entities they or related persons control.

A set of rules generally defines the types of owners and entities affected, the types of income or investments subject to current inclusion, exceptions to inclusion, and means of preventing double inclusion of the same income. Countries with CFC rules include the United States (since 1962), the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Russia (since 2015), Sweden, and many others. Rules in different countries may vary significantly.
Beverino
Beverino (Ligurian: Bevein) is a comune (municipality) of c. 2,000 inhabitants in the province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Genoa and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of La Spezia.  It is part of the Vara river and of the Regional natural Park of Montemarcello-Magra.

Beverino borders the following municipalities: Borghetto di Vara, Calice al Cornoviglio, Follo, Pignone, Riccò del Golfo di Spezia, Rocchetta di Vara, Vernazza.

Pignone
Pignone (Ligurian: Pignon; locally Pignun) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Genoa and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 654 and an area of 16.2 square kilometres (6.3 sq mi).

The municipality of Pignone contains the frazione (subdivision) Casale.

Pignone borders the following municipalities: Beverino, Borghetto di Vara, Levanto, Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza.
Operation Golding
Operation Golding is the codename that has been given to the ongoing investigation of alleged phone hacking at the newspapers published by Mirror Group Newspapers (part of Trinity Mirror plc), specifically the Daily Mirror and Sunday Mirror. The investigation flows from other investigations including Operation Weeting (which is looking into the affairs surrounding phone hacking at the News of the World) and Operation Elveden (which is looking into payments to police by journalists).

By February 2014, six former journalists have been interviewed as part of the investigation including Piers Morgan, former editor of the Daily Mirror, who was interviewed in February 2014.

Operation Weeting
Operation Weeting was a British police investigation that commenced on 26 January 2011, under the Specialist Crime Directorate of the Metropolitan Police Service into allegations of phone hacking in the News of the World phone hacking affair. The operation was conducted alongside Operation Elveden, an investigation into allegations of inappropriate payments to the police by those involved with phone hacking, and Operation Tuleta, an investigation into alleged computer hacking for the News of the World. All three operations are led by Deputy Assistant Commissioner Sue Akers, Head of Organised Crime & Criminal Networks within the Specialist Crime Directorate.
Takatsukasa Hiromichi
Prince Takatsukasa Hiromichi (鷹司 煕通; April 2, 1855 – May 17, 1918), son of Kujō Hisatada and adopted son of Takatsukasa Sukehiro, was a kazoku Duke of the Meiji period who served in Imperial Japanese Army. Nobusuke and Nobuhiro were his sons.

Kujō Hisatada
Kujō Hisatada (九条 尚忠; September 5, 1798 – October 5, 1871), son of Nijō Harutaka, was a kuge or Japanese court noble of the Edo period (1603–1868). He was adopted by his brother Suketsugu as his son. He held a regent position kampaku from 1856 to 1862, and retired in 1863, becoming a buddhist monk.
Lake Ardibbo
Lake Ardibbo is a freshwater lake of Ethiopia. It is located north of Dessie, in the Debub Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region. It is situated about five kilometers southeast of Lake Hayq; both lakes are in Tehuledere woreda.

This lake is smaller in size than Lake Hayq and flows into Hayq via the Anchercah River.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Murrumbeena railway station
Murrumbeena station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines, part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the south-eastern suburb of Murrumbeena, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Murrumbeena is an elevated premium station, featuring an island platform with two faces. It opened on 14 May 1879, with the current station provided in June 2018.

Oakleigh railway station
Oakleigh station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines, which are part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the suburb of Oakleigh in the south-east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The station opened in 1877 as the up end of the Gippsland line, with the station being electrified in 1922.

Oakleigh is a ground-level premium station, consisting of two sides that are connected to each other via the adjacent roads, and both platforms are connected to each other via a pedestrian subway.

The station is served by 11 bus routes, including two SmartBus services. The station is approximately 15 kilometres (9.4 mi) or around a 27-minute train ride away from Flinders Street.
Italy women's national volleyball team
The Italy women's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. As of 2025, they hold three major trophies: they are the current Olympics champions, 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League title holders and world champions. The national team is controlled by the Federazione Italiana Pallavolo (FIPAV), the governing body for volleyball in Italy. The team's biggest victories were the gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics, the 2002 and 2025 World Championships, and the 2007 and 2011 World Cups. In 28 September 2025, with Italy equaled a record previously held by the USSR by becoming world volleyball champions in both men’s and women’s competitions — a feat the Soviet Union had achieved in 1952 and 1960.

Simona Gioli
Simona Gioli (born September 17, 1977, in Rapallo) is a retired volleyball player from Italy. Currently, she plays for Galatasaray in Turkey. Gioli was a member of the Women's National Team that won the gold medal at the 2007 European Championship in Belgium and Luxembourg. Gioli was named "Most Valuable Player and ""Best Blocker" at the 2007 FIVB Women's World Cup and 2009 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup. She was also awarded "MVP" at the 2006-07 CEV Cup won by her team Sirio Perugia. She won the 2007–08 CEV Indesit Champions League with Sirio Perugia and also was individually awarded "Most Valuable Player".

Playing with Dynamo Moscow she won the silver medal at the 2008–09 CEV Indesit Champions League, and she was awarded "Best Spiker".
John Zulberti
John F. Zulberti (January 20, 1967 – August 1, 2021) was an American four-time All-American NCAA lacrosse player at Syracuse University from 1986 to 1989. The Orange won the NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championships in 1988 and 1989 with Zulberti teaming up with perennial all-timers Gary Gait, Paul Gait, and Tom Marechek. He drowned at the age of 54 in August 2021.

1989 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse tournament
The 1989 NCAA Division I lacrosse tournament was the 19th annual tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the team champion of men's college lacrosse among its Division I programs, held at the end of the 1989 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse season.

Syracuse defeated Johns Hopkins in the championship game, 13–12. The final was a battle of #1 versus #2, with both teams coming into the finals with just one loss.

The championship game was played at Byrd Stadium at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland, with 23,893 fans in attendance.
Dormition Cathedral, Staraya Ladoga
Dormition Cathedral (Russian: Успенский Собор) in the selo of Staraya Ladoga, Volkhovsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia is one of the oldest churches of Russia, dating from the second half of the 12th century. It is one of the few surviving pre-Mongol buildings in Russia, and the northernmost one. The cathedral is the katholikon of the female Dormition Monastery, one of the several monasteries in Staraya Ladoga, and is located on the left bank of the Volkhov River. The building was designated an architectural monument of federal significance (#4710028015).

Staraya Ladoga
Staraya Ladoga (Russian: Ста́рая Ла́дога, romanized: Stáraya Ládoga, [ˈstarəjə ˈladəɡə]), known as Ladoga until 1704, is a rural locality (a selo) in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Volkhov River near Lake Ladoga, 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) north of the town of Volkhov, the administrative center of the district.

It used to be a prosperous trading outpost in the 8th and 9th centuries. During this period, it was known to the Norse as Aldeigjuborg. It was dominated by Varangians who became known as the Rus'. For that reason, Staraya Ladoga is sometimes called the first capital of Russia; it is also regarded as one of the original centers from which the name Rus' spread to other territories inhabited by the East Slavs.
Nisthananda Bajracharya
Nisthananda Bajracharya (Nepali: निष्ठानन्द बज्राचार्य) (9 December 1858 – 29 November 1935) was a Nepalese writer who marked a turning point in Nepal Bhasa literature by breaking away from the classical style and writing prose in colloquial language. He was one of the leaders of the Nepal Bhasa renaissance, and also a pioneer of printing with moveable type in Nepal. He is honored as one of the Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa.

Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa
Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa (Nepali: नेपालभाषाका चार स्तम्भ, Newar: नेपाल भाषाया प्यंगः थां) are the four leaders who spearheaded the campaign to revive the Newar language and its literature during the repressive Rana regime, and guided its renaissance at the beginning of the 20th century.

They produced literature at the risk of personal freedom and laid the foundation for the development of modern Nepal Bhasa. Their work marks the beginning of the Nepal Bhasa movement in Kathmandu, which has led to greater rights in education, the media and official recognition.

The four figures honored as the four pillars of the Nepal Bhasa renaissance are author Nisthananda Bajracharya, poet Siddhidas Mahaju, educationist Jagat Sundar Malla and poet Yogbir Singh Kansakar.
Ruby laser
A ruby laser is a solid-state laser that uses a synthetic ruby crystal as its gain medium. The first working laser was a ruby laser made by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories on May 16, 1960.

Ruby lasers produce pulses of coherent visible light at a wavelength of 694.3 nm, which is a deep red color. Typical ruby laser pulse lengths are on the order of a millisecond.

Laser pumping
Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser. The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing excited states in its atoms. When for a period of time the number of particles in one excited state exceeds the number of particles in the ground state or a less-excited state, population inversion is achieved. In this condition, the mechanism of stimulated emission can take place and the medium can act as a laser or an optical amplifier. The pump power must be higher than the lasing threshold of the laser.

The pump energy is usually provided in the form of light or electric current, but more exotic sources have been used, such as chemical or nuclear reactions.
Silver Lake (Dover, Delaware)
Silver Lake is a lake and park located in the city of Dover, Delaware.  The lake is the source of the St. Jones River.  There are several species of fish in the lake, including largemouth bass, carp, crappie, striped bass, white perch, bluegill, catfish, and others. Silver Lake has a boat ramp. A permit is required by the City of Dover Parks and Recreation Department in order to fish at the lake. Boats also must display a permit regardless of the size of the craft.

The public area bordering Silver Lake has covered picnic tables, a walking path, children's play area with equipment, and grills for barbecue.  This area is carry in/carry out but there are refuse containers on the property.  Portable toilets are also provided.   Access to parking is from Washington Street for the beach area and Lewis Mill Drive for boaters.  Parking is ample.

St. Jones River
The St. Jones River is a river flowing to Delaware Bay in central Delaware in the United States.  It is 12.8 miles (20.6 km) long and drains an area of 36 square miles (93 km2) on the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
Noctua (constellation)
Noctua (Latin: owl) was a constellation near the tail of Hydra in the southern celestial hemisphere, but is no longer recognized. It was introduced by Alexander Jamieson in his 1822 work, A Celestial Atlas, and appeared in a derived collection of illustrated cards, Urania's Mirror. Noctua also appeared in Elijah Burritt's very popular Atlas of the Heavens through most of the 19th century. The owl was composed of stars ranging from Brachium in southern Libra, along what is now the border of Libra and Hydra and into southern Virgo as far as 89 Virginis.

The French astronomer Pierre Charles Le Monnier had introduced a bird on Hydra's tail as the constellation Solitaire, named for the extinct flightless bird, the Rodrigues solitaire, but the image was that of a rock thrush which had been classified in the genus Turdus, giving rise to the constellation name Turdus Solitarius, the solitary thrush. It has also been depicted as a mockingbird.

Turdus Solitarius
Turdus Solitarius (Latin for solitary thrush) was a constellation created by French astronomer Pierre Charles Le Monnier in 1776 from stars of Hydra's tail. It was named after the Rodrigues solitaire, an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Rodrigues East of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. It was replaced by another constellation, Noctua (the Owl), in A Celestial Atlas (1822) by the British amateur astronomer Alexander Jamieson, but neither was adopted by the International Astronomical Union among its 88 recognized constellations.

The IAU Working Group on Star Names approved the name Solitaire for the star E Hydrae in 2024, after the obsolete constellation.
Alexander Gomelsky
Alexander Yakovlevich Gomelsky (Russian: Александр Яковлевич Гомельский; 18 January 1928 – 16 August 2005) was a Russian professional basketball player and coach. The Father of Soviet and Russian basketball, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1995 and the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2007.

Alexander Gomelsky was awarded the Olympic Order by the International Olympic Committee in 1998. In 2008, he was named one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors.

USSR Premier Basketball League
The USSR Premier Basketball League, or Soviet Union Premier Basketball League (also called Supreme League), was the first-tier men's professional basketball league in the former Soviet Union. The league existed from 1923 to 1991, as the top professional basketball league of the Soviet Union, and from 1991 to 1992, as the top professional basketball league of the CIS. In the years 1924, 1928, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1956, 1959, 1963, and 1967, the league was contested by city teams, regional teams, and state national teams, rather than individual sports clubs.

CSKA Moscow was the league's most successful club, having won the league's championship 24 times, including winning 9 consecutive championships, from 1976 to 1984. The league featured the players of the senior men's Soviet Union national basketball team. The league exists in a similar format today, as the VTB United League. Although, the VTB United League can include clubs from countries that were not a part of the Soviet Union.
Sports video game
A sports video game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports, and combat sports. Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as EA Sports FC, eFootball, EA Sports F1, EA Sports WRC, NBA 2K and TopSpin 2K25), whilst others emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Football Manager and Out of the Park Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.

ADK Corporation
ADK Corporation (Japanese: 株式会社エーディーケイ, Hepburn: Kabushiki Kaisha ADK), formerly known as Alpha Denshi Corporation (アルファ電子株式会社), was a Japanese video game developer founded in 1980. ADK began as a developer of arcade games and is best known for their library of SNK Neo Geo titles, including for its home consoles, produced in partnership with SNK. Most notable among these are their fighting games and, in particular, the World Heroes series and Aggressors of Dark Kombat. The company closed with properties sold to SNK Playmore in 2003.
Vicaria
Vicaria (Italian: residence of the Viceroy), often known as Il Vasto, is one of the 30 quartieri of Naples, southern Italy, lying immediately to the east of the historical city centre (Centro storico).

It borders the districts of Poggioreale, Zona Industriale and San Lorenzo, which together with Vicaria make up the 4th municipality of the city. It also borders the district of San Carlo all'Arena, in the 3rd municipality.

Vicaria comprises a relatively small area, 0.72 km2. It had a population in 2009 of 16,369 inhabitants.

It takes its name from the eastern section of the Via dei Tribunali (the "street of the courthouses"), in the neighbourhood of San Lorenzo, once known as the "Via della Vicaria", since the Vicaria (the still-prominent Palazzo Ricca at the east end of the street) housed the main tribunal under the Spanish viceroys.

Zona Industriale
Zona Industriale (in Italian literary Industrial Zone, referring to the industrial park), is a quarter of Naples, Italy. With Poggioreale, San Lorenzo, and Vicaria it forms the Fourth Municipality of the city.
Ferguson Enterprises
Ferguson Enterprises Inc., headquartered in Newport News, Virginia and organized in Delaware, is the largest U.S. distributor of plumbing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), appliances, and lighting to pipes, valves and fittings (PVF), and water and wastewater products. The company receives 95% of its revenue in the United States and 5% of its revenue in Canada. The company has 36,000 suppliers and operates from 11 regional distribution centers, four MDCs, approximately 5,900 fleet vehicles, and 1,773 branches.

Wolseley UK
Wolseley UK, headquartered in Warwick, is a distributor of building materials and is the largest trade specialist in plumbing and heating in the UK. It is owned by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, a private equity firm.
Geiranger–Hellesylt Ferry
The Geiranger–Hellesylt Ferry is a ferry service in Norway between the villages of Geiranger and Hellesylt both located within Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county. The 20-kilometre (12 mi) trip takes just over an hour. The route passes all the highlights of the Geirangerfjord and is therefore very popular with tourists.

Stranda Municipality
Stranda is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Stranda. Stranda consists of three smaller villages and one larger central village. The smaller villages are Hellesylt, Geiranger, and Liabygda. The central village, Stranda (same name as the municipality), has about 2,600 inhabitants. Stranda Municipality is known for tourist attractions such as Geirangerfjorden, Sunnylvsfjorden, and the ski area at Strandafjellet.

The 866-square-kilometre (334 sq mi) municipality is the 134th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Stranda Municipality is the 196th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,348. The municipality's population density is 5 inhabitants per square kilometre (13/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 5.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Big Bear
Big Bear, also known as Mistahi-maskwa (Cree: ᒥᐢᑕᐦᐃᒪᐢᑿ; c. 1825 – 17 January 1888), was a powerful and popular Cree chief who played many pivotal roles in Canadian history. He was appointed to chief of his band at the age of 40 upon the death of his father, Black Powder. Big Bear is most notable for his involvement in Treaty 6 and the 1885 North-West Rebellion; he was one of the few chief leaders who objected to the signing of the treaty with the Canadian government. He felt that signing the treaty would ultimately have devastating effects on his nation as well as other Indigenous nations. This included losing the free nomadic lifestyle that his nation and others were accustomed to. Big Bear also took part in one of the last major battles between the Cree and the Blackfoot nations, leading fighters in the last, largest battle on the Canadian Plains.

Frog Lake Massacre
The Frog Lake Massacre was part of the Cree uprising during the North-West Rebellion in western Canada. Led by Wandering Spirit, Cree men attacked and killed nine officials, clergy and settlers in the small settlement of Frog Lake, at the time in the District of Saskatchewan in the North-West Territories on April 2, 1885. (The location, about 200 km east of Edmonton, is now within the province of Alberta.)