hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cardinal virtues
The cardinal virtues are four virtues of mind and character in classical philosophy. They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); these four virtues are called "cardinal" because all other virtues fall under them and hinge upon them.

These virtues derive initially from Plato in Republic Book IV, 426-435. Aristotle expounded them systematically in the Nicomachean Ethics. They were also recognized by the Stoics and Cicero expanded on them. In the Christian tradition, they are also listed in the Deuterocanonical books in Wisdom 8:7 and 4 Maccabees 1:18–19, and the Doctors Ambrose, Augustine, and Aquinas expounded their supernatural counterparts, the three theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity.

Virtue ethics
Virtue ethics (also aretaic ethics, from Greek ἀρετή [aretḗ]) is a philosophical approach that treats virtue and character as the primary subjects of ethics, in contrast to other ethical systems that put consequences of voluntary acts, principles or rules of conduct, or obedience to divine authority in the primary role.

Virtue ethics is usually contrasted with two other major approaches in ethics, consequentialism and deontology, which make the goodness of outcomes of an action (consequentialism) and the concept of moral duty (deontology) central. While virtue ethics does not necessarily deny the importance to ethics of goodness of states of affairs or of moral duties, it emphasizes virtue and sometimes other concepts, like eudaimonia, to an extent that other ethics theories do not.
Kinmont Willie
"Kinmont Willie" or "Kinmount Willie" is a ballad from the English-Scottish border country, catalogued as Child ballad 186 (Roud 4013). It recounts the rescue of William Armstrong of Kinmont from an English prison. It is one of several border ballads dealing with the exploits of the Armstrongs.

"Kinmont Willie" is one of three border ballads that recount a raid to break someone out of prison, the others being Jock o' the Side and Archie o' Cawfield. It shares several motifs with these other prison-break ballads, including the raiders' demonstration of physical strength in carrying the prisoner with leg irons still attached, and the raiding party crossing a stream and turning to mock their pursuers from the far bank.

Unlike many ballads it is composed in tetrameter rather than traditional ballad metre. First published by Walter Scott in 1802, it has often been suspected of being Scott's own work.

Kinmont Willie Armstrong
William Armstrong of Kinmont or Kinmont Willie was a Scottish border reiver and outlaw active in the Anglo-Scottish Border country in the last decades of the 16th century.

He lived at the Tower of Sark, close to the border between Scotland and England, north of the centre of the border line. The tower was built for his father Alexander "Lang Sandie"  Armstrong, son of Christopher "of Langholm" Armstrong, son of Alexander "Sandie" Armstrong 6th laird of Mangerton(1445), and although now demolished the site is marked by a monument unveiled in 1996. William had at least six sons based on historical and genealogical sources:
John (Jock) Armstrong,
Archibald Armstrong,
Robert Armstrong,
George (Geordy) Armstrong, Father of Adam Armstrong (1612)
Francis Armstrong,
Ecky (Ekke) Armstrong,
Some of these sons, including Jock, Archibald, and others, were directly involved in his legendary rescue from Carlisle Castle.
Acaciaville, Nova Scotia
Acaciaville is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the  Municipality of the District of Digby in Digby County.

The community will be home to the Jordantown-Acaciaville-Conway Centre of Excellence, an under-construction community center run by the Jordantown-Acaciaville-Conway Betterment Association, a non-profit focused on addressing the inequalities of the Black Communities in the realms of employment, housing, education, and lack of social activities. The facility will a feature a 250-seat community room, gymnasium, stage, fitness room, library, meeting room, a seniors’ area, and a rental space.

Municipality of the District of Digby
Digby, officially named the Municipality of the District of Digby, is a district municipality in Digby County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Statistics Canada classifies the district municipality as a municipal district.

The district municipality forms the eastern part of Digby County. It is one of three municipal units in the county, the other two being the Town of Digby and the Municipality of the District of Clare.
Dmitry Horvat
Dmitry Leonidovich Horvat (25 July [O.S. 13 July] 1859 – 16 May 1937) was a Russian lieutenant general and railway engineer who worked on and led various sections of the Russian Empires railways during his career. During the Russian Civil War he became one of the leaders of the White movement, taking control of the Chinese Eastern Railway.

Jovan Horvat
Jovan Samuilović Horvat de Kurtič, also referred to as Ivan Horvat (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Самуиловић Хорват de Куртич, also referred to as Иван Хорват; also known as Jovan Horvat (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Хорват), Ivan Khorvat (Russian: Иван Хорват), Ivan Samoylovich Khorvat (Russian: Иван Самойлович Хорват), and Ivan Samuilovich Khorvat (Russian: Иван Самуилович Хорват); 1713 —  18 November 1786) was a Russian general of Serbian origin who founded New Serbia in the modern Kirovohrad Oblast.
Air-wedge shearing interferometer
The air-wedge shearing interferometer is probably the simplest type of interferometer designed to visualize the disturbance of the wavefront after propagation through a test object. This interferometer is based on utilizing a thin wedged air-gap between two optical glass surfaces and can be used with virtually any light source even with non-coherent white light.

Shearing interferometer
The shearing interferometer is a simple means to observe interference and to use this phenomenon to test the collimation of light beams, especially from laser sources which have a coherence length which is usually significantly longer than the thickness of the shear plate (see graphics) so that the basic condition for interference is fulfilled.
Living on the Edge (British TV series)
Living on the Edge is a British reality television show that first aired on 14 October 2007 on MTV UK. It documented the lives of several teenagers in Alderley Edge in Cheshire, a wealthy village in the North West of England. It is noted for attempting to purvey 'drama all the time'. It has been compared to the American reality television shows Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County and Newport Harbor: The Real Orange County. There are no plans for any future series.

Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County
Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County (or simply Laguna Beach) is an American reality television series that originally aired on MTV from September 28, 2004, until November 15, 2006. The series aired for three seasons and was primarily focused on the personal lives of several students attending Laguna Beach High School. Its premise was originated with Liz Gateley, while Tony DiSanto served as the executive producer.

The series was originally led by seniors Lauren Conrad, Lo Bosworth, Stephen Colletti, Morgan Olsen, Trey Phillips, Christina Schuller, and juniors Kristin Cavallari and Talan Torriero. The second season saw the additions of  Jason Wahler, Taylor Cole, Alex Murrel and Jessica Smith. Upon its conclusion, all cast members departed from the series and were replaced by a group of current students. The third season was led by Cameron Brinkman, Tessa Keller, Breanna Conrad, Lexie Contursi, Raquel Donatelli, Cami Edwards, Kelan Hurley, Chase Johnson, and Kyndra Mayo.
Sangan Rural District
Sangan Rural District (Persian: دهستان سنگان) is in the Central District of Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sangan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Esmailabad, now a city.

Esmailabad, Khash
Esmailabad (Persian: اسماعیل‌آباد) is a city in the Central District of Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. As a village, it served as capital of Sangan Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Sangan.
Triumph Rocket III
The Triumph Rocket III is a three-cylinder motorcycle made by Triumph Motorcycles Ltd. At 2,294 cc (140.0 cu in) it had the largest-displacement engine of any production motorcycle until 2019 when Triumph released the Triumph Rocket 3.

The name "Rocket III" is derived from the 1968 BSA 750cc pushrod triple, the Rocket 3, which was a badge-engineered version of the original "Triumph Trident."

Triumph Motorcycles Ltd
Triumph Motorcycles Ltd is the largest UK-owned motorcycle manufacturer, established in 1983 by John Bloor after the original company Triumph Engineering went into receivership. The new company, initially called Bonneville Coventry Ltd, continued Triumph's lineage of motorcycle production since 1902. They have major manufacturing facilities in Thailand.

During the 12 months preceding June 2017, Triumph sold 63,400 motorcycles.

In 2024, Triumph introduced their first ever off-road motorcycle, the Motocross racer TF 250-X.
Daryll Neita
Daryll Saskia Neita (born 29 August 1996) is a British sprinter. She won a silver medal in the 200 metres at the 2024 European Championships along with bronze in the 100 metres at the 2022 European Championships, 2022 Commonwealth Games and in the 60 metres at the 2023 European Indoor Championships. She has also won several medals as part of Great Britain 4 × 100 m relay teams, including an Olympic silver medal in 2024 and bronze medals in 2016 and 2021, World Championships silver medals in 2017 and 2019 and European gold in 2018.

Her 60 metres indoor best of 7.05 seconds and 100 metres best of 10.90 seconds achieved at the 2023 ISTAF Indoor and 2022 Commonwealth Games respectively puts her second on the relevant UK all-time lists behind Dina Asher-Smith. Neita is a five-time British national champion, twice outdoors over 100 m, twice outdoors over 200 m, and once indoors over 60 m.

2022 British Athletics Championships
The 2022 British Athletics Championships was the national championships in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, which also served as a qualifying event for the 2022 World Athletics Championships.
Clarence Darrow (film)
Clarence Darrow is a 1974 videotaped television production of a one-person play directed by John Rich, written by David W. Rintels and produced by Don Gregory and Mike Merrick. Henry Fonda portrayed the celebrated defense lawyer Clarence Darrow.

Clarence Darrow
Clarence Seward Darrow (April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer and politician who became famous in the 19th century for high-profile representations of trade union causes, and in the 20th century for several criminal matters, including the Leopold and Loeb murder trial, the Scopes "monkey" trial, and the Ossian Sweet defense. He was a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. Darrow was also a well-known public speaker, debater, and writer.

Darrow is considered by some legal analysts and lawyers to be the greatest lawyer of the 20th century. He was posthumously inducted into the Trial Lawyer Hall of Fame. Called a "sophisticated country lawyer", Darrow's wit and eloquence made him one of the most prominent attorneys and civil libertarians in the nation.
Battle of Modon (1500)
The Battle of Modon, aka the Second Battle of Lepanto, took place in August 1500 during the war of 1499–1503 between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice. The Ottomans, who had won the Battle of Zonchio (First Battle of Lepanto / Battle of Sapienza) the previous year, were again victorious under Admiral Kemal Reis.

Kemal Reis
Kemal Reis (c. 1451 – 1511) was an Ottoman privateer and admiral. He was also the paternal uncle of the famous Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis, who accompanied him in most of his important naval expeditions.
Vorontsov
The House  of Vorontsov (Russian: Воронцо́в), also Woroncow and  de Woroncow-Wojtkowicz, is the name of a Russian noble family whose members attained the dignity of Counts of the Holy Roman Empire in 1744 and became Princes of the Russian Empire on 6 April 1845, with the style of Serene Highness. Most likely, the Vorontsovs represent a collateral branch of the great Velyaminov family of Muscovite boyars, which claimed male-line descent from a Varangian nobleman named Šimon. The Velyaminovs served as hereditary mayors of Moscow until the office was abolished by Dmitry Donskoy (Prince of Moscow from 1359 to 1389), whose mother Alexandra came from this family.

Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova
Princess Yekaterina Romanovna Dashkova (born Countess Vorontsova; Russian: Екатери́на Рома́новна Да́шкова [Воронцо́ва]; 28 March 1743 – 15 January 1810) was a Russian noblewoman. She was a major figure of the Russian Enlightenment and a close friend of Empress Catherine the Great. She was part of the coup d'état that placed Catherine on the throne.

Vorontsova-Dashkova was the first woman in the world to head a national academy of sciences, the first woman in Europe to hold a government office, and the president of the Russian Academy, which she helped found. She also published prolifically, with original and translated works on many subjects, and was invited by Benjamin Franklin to become the first female member of the American Philosophical Society.
Canal Once
Canal Once (channel 11) (stylised as canal once, formerly once and once tv) is a Mexican educational broadcast television network owned by National Polytechnic Institute. The network's flagship station is XEIPN-TDT channel 11 in Mexico City. It broadcasts across Mexico through nearly 40 TV transmitters and is required carriage on all Mexican cable and satellite providers. The network also operates an international feed which is available in the United States, Spain and the rest of countries of Latin America and the Caribbean via satellite from DirecTV and CANTV, via online from VEMOX, VIVOplay and also on various cable outlets, on "Latino" or "Spanish" tiers. Most of its programs are also webcast through the Internet, though its programming is not the same as the actual broadcasters or satellite signal.

Instituto Politécnico Nacional
The National Polytechnic Institute (Spanish: Instituto Politécnico Nacional), abbreviated IPN, is one of the largest public universities in Mexico with 171,581 students at the high school, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It was ranked third in Mexico, behind Tecnológico de Monterrey and UNAM and 246th in the Engineering and Technology category in 2025 by QS World University Rankings. It was founded on 1 January 1936 during the administration of President Lázaro Cárdenas.

The institute consists of 98 academic units offering 290 courses of study. It includes 57 technical careers, 79 undergraduate and 154 postgraduate programs. Its main campus, called 'Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos' or 'Zacatenco', located in northern Mexico City, covers approximately 530 acres (2.1 km2) .

The IPN is based primarily in Mexico City, but with several research institutes and facilities distributed over 22 states.
Paul de Nourquer du Camper
Paul de Nourquer du Camper was Governor General for Inde française in the Second French Colonial Empire during the July Monarchy. During his period an annual statistics manual was written by Pierre Constant Sicé in 1842, which describes and narrates various situations in Inde française.

French India
French India, formally the Établissements français dans l'Inde (English: French Settlements in India), was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were de facto incorporated into the Republic of India in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. The French also possessed several loges ('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied.

By 1950, the total area measured 510 km2 (200 sq mi), of which 293 km2 (113 sq mi) belonged to the territory of Pondichéry. In 1936, the population of the colony totalled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry.
Dwayne A. Day
Dwayne Allen Day is an American space historian and policy analyst and served as an investigator for the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.

Day is a senior program officer for the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences, where he has served as a study director on studies concerning NASA's aeronautics flight research capabilities, the planetary exploration program, the size of the astronaut corps, the threat of asteroids striking Earth, NASA workforce skills, radiation hazards to astronauts on long duration spaceflights, U.S. Air Force astrodynamics standards, and other projects. He previously served as a program officer on the Space Studies Board. He has also written extensively on the history of American satellite reconnaissance.

CORONA (satellite)
The CORONA program was a series of American strategic reconnaissance satellites produced and operated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Directorate of Science and Technology with substantial assistance from the U.S. Air Force. The CORONA satellites were used for photographic surveillance of the Soviet Union (USSR), China, and other areas beginning in June 1959 and ending in May 1972.
Charles Elliott Perkins
Charles Elliott Perkins (November 24, 1840 – November 8, 1907) was an American businessman and president of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. He was so well respected that historian Richard Overton wrote, "From the time that Charles Elliott Perkins became vice president of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy [1876] ... until he resigned as president in 1901, he was the Burlington."

Burlington, Iowa
Burlington is a city in and the county seat of Des Moines County, Iowa, United States. The population was 23,982 in the 2020 census, a decline from the 26,839 population in 2000. Burlington is the center of a micropolitan area, which includes West Burlington and Middletown, Iowa, and Gulfport, Illinois. Burlington is the home of Snake Alley, the crookedest street on earth.
Tiruvarur Vaidyanathan
Tiruvarur Vaidyanathan (born 11 May 1963) is an Indian mridangam artist from a family of mridangam artists. He is a recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for his contribution to Carnatic instrumental music.

Mridangam
The mridangam is an ancient percussion instrument originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is a traditional royal instrument originating in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu and is widely used in south Indian classical music, called Carnatic music, especially in its sangeetha kacherees. It is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Carnatic music ensemble. In dhrupad, a modified version, the pakhawaj, is the primary percussion instrument. A related instrument is the kendang, played in the Maritime Southeast Asia. It is a complex instrument to tune and involves a lot of mathematics to construct korvais.

During a percussion ensemble, the mridangam is often accompanied by the ghatam, the kanjira, and the morsing.
Zamkan-e Shomali Rural District
Zamkan-e Shomali Rural District Rural District (Persian: دهستان زمکان شمالی) is in Zamkan District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khomgaran, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 108 in 29 households.

Zamkan District
Zamkan District (Persian: بخش زمکان) is in Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mirabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 966 people in 260 households.
VP-7
VP-7 was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Bombing Squadron 119 (VB-119) on 15 August 1944, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 119 (VPB-119) on 1 October 1944, redesignated Patrol Squadron 119 (VP-119) on 15 May 1946, redesignated Heavy Patrol Squadron (Landplane) 9 (VP-HL-9) on 15 November 1946, redesignated Medium Patrol Squadron (Landplane) 7 (VP-ML-7) on 25 June 1947, redesignated Patrol Squadron 7 (VP-7) on 1 September 1948 and disestablished on 8 October 1969. It was the second squadron to be designated VP-7, the first VP-7 was redesignated VP-11 on 1 July 1939.

Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer
The Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer is an American World War II and Korean War era patrol bomber of the United States Navy derived from the Consolidated B-24 Liberator. The Navy had been using B-24s with only minor modifications as the PB4Y-1 Liberator, and along with maritime patrol Liberators used by RAF Coastal Command, this type of patrol plane was proven successful. A fully navalized design was desired, and Consolidated developed a dedicated long-range patrol bomber with tests begun in 1943, designated PB4Y-2 Privateer. The first version of the Privateer flew in September 1943 with production versions arriving in March 1944. In 1951, the type was redesignated P4Y-2 Privateer. A further designation change occurred in September 1962, when the remaining US Navy Privateers (all having previously been converted to drone configuration as P4Y-2K) were redesignated QP-4B.
Jacques Werup
Jacques Werup (14 January 1945 – 12 November 2016) was a Swedish musician, author, poet, stage artist and screenwriter, born in Malmö. Werup's poetry is often associated to jazz. He was a childhood friend of Mikael Wiehe and Göran Skytte and had his first novel published in 1971. He has co-written many songs with long-time collaborator and composer Michael Saxell for various projects including Gör mig lite levande which is a CD and nationwide stage show with Swedish singer Lill Lindfors and En känsla av ljus, which is a concert Werup and Saxell wrote and performed with Mats Ronander and Benneth Fagerlund. Werup lived in Ystad.

In 1997 Werup got the Ferlinpriset together with Ola Magnell, and was 2003 awarded a scholarship by the Swedish Royal Academy. Was also awarded Litteraturfrämjandets stora romanpris in 1980.

Samfundet De Nio
Samfundet De Nio (The Nine Society or Society of the Nine) is a Swedish literary society founded on 14 February 1913 in Stockholm by a testamentary donation from writer Lotten von Kraemer. The society has nine members who are elected for life. Its purpose is to promote Swedish literature, peace and women's issues. It mainly presents a number of literary awards. It was started as an alternative to the Swedish Academy and is often compared to its more noted cousin.
Buru thrush
The Buru thrush (Geokichla dumasi) is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is endemic to montane rainforest on Buru in Indonesia. Traditionally, it included the Seram thrush as a subspecies, in which case the common name of the 'combined species' was Moluccan thrush.

Seram thrush
The Seram thrush (Geokichla joiceyi) is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is endemic to montane rainforest on Seram in Indonesia. Traditionally, it has been considered a subspecies of the Buru thrush, in which case the common name of the 'combined species' was Moluccan thrush.