hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duchy of Mecklenburg
The Duchy of Mecklenburg was a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire, located in the region of Mecklenburg. It existed during the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period, from 1471 to 1520, as well as 1695 to 1701. Its capital was Schwerin.

The state was formed in 1471, when duke Henry IV, had united the duchies of Mecklenburg-Stargard and Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The state existed until 7 May 1520, when it was partitioned into the duchies of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Mecklenburg-Schwerin. It was again reestablished in 1695, with the unification of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Frederick William became the duke. In 1701, it was partitioned into the duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Mecklenburg-Stargard
The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Stargard, also simply known as Mecklenburg-Stargard, and also as the Duchy of Stargard was a feudal district duchy in Mecklenburg within the Holy Roman Empire. Its capital was Burg Stargard. It was ruled by the House of Mecklenburg. The state was formed in 1352 from part of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and existed until 1471, when it was incorporated into the Duchy of Mecklenburg.

The main part of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Stargard comprised the Lordship of Stargard in what is now the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, an area in the border area between Brandenburg, Pomerania and Mecklenburg. The lordship was named after the medieval castle in Stargard. Smaller areas were Sternberg and the Eldenburg with the historic country Ture.
Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Featherweight
The men's featherweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1956 Summer Olympics.  The weight class was allowed boxers of up to 57 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 23 November to 1 December 1956. 18 boxers from 18 nations competed.

Tristán Falfán
Tristán Octavio Falfán (8 October 1939 – 25 July 2023) was an Argentine boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1956 Summer Olympics. Falfán began boxing at the age of 12 and became a professional boxer in 1957. He fought in 55 bouts, where he won 38 of them, including 19 by knockout.
Eva Eugenio
Eva Eugenio (born January 22, 1956) is a Filipino singer who was active in the late 1970s and early 1980s. She is most famous for the hit song "Tukso". Along with Imelda Papin and Claire de la Fuente, she is dubbed as one of the "Jukebox Queens" of the Philippines.

Claire dela Fuente
Clarita Crisostomo Dela Fuente-De Guzman, known professionally as Claire dela Fuente (Tagalog pronunciation: [dɛla ˈfwentɛ dɛ ɡʊsˈman]; December 28, 1958 – March 30, 2021) was a Filipino singer and businesswoman.

She first became known for singing the 1978 jingle for Hope cigarette and was later known for performing the song "Sayang".
Chatham Sound
Chatham Sound is a sound on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada, bordering on Alaska, United States. It is an ecologically and economically important semi-enclosed basin located between the Dundas and Stephens Islands and the Tsimpsean Peninsula,

The sound is part of the Inside Passage and extends from Portland Inlet in the north to Porcher Island in the south.
It can be divided into two parts, by a line drawn between Tugwell and Melville Islands. The northern part, is influenced by the Nass River outflows and village of Lax Kw'alaams, and the southern part influenced by the Skeena River outflows and the city of Prince Rupert.

It may have been named in 1788 by British Captain Charles Duncan after John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham, who was First Lord of the Admiralty at that time.

Tsimshian have relied on Chatham Sound for millennia, and the continued use and health of its resources remain central to their cultural and economic vitality.

Stephens Island (British Columbia)
Stephens Island (Tsimshian: Ksgaxl) is an island in Canada, on the British Columbian Coast, to the northwest of Porcher Island, to the southwest of the city of Prince Rupert, and divides Chatham Sound from  Hecate Strait.
The island was named by Captain Vancouver in honour of Sir Philip Stephens, secretary to the Admiralty from 1763 to 1795.: 470

Qlawdzeet Anchorage, located at the north end of Stephens Island between Hooper Point and Avery Island, is useful for fishers and pilots, and has pilings tucked in behind Dunn Island.
This is where Vancouver met Brown on 20 July 1793, with a squadron of three vessels, Butterworth, Jackal, and Prince Le Boo.: 406

The island is one of the two main islands (the other is Prescott) that are part of the Ksgaxl/Stephens Island Conservancy.
Rågeleje
Rågeleje is a former fishing village and popular tourist resort on the north coast of Zealand, midway between Gilleleje and Tisvildeleje, some 50 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark. As of 2025, it had a population of 702.

Gilleleje
Gilleleje (Danish pronunciation: [kiləˈlɑjə]) is a fishing town and seaside resort on the north coast of the peninsula North Zealand, Denmark. The town is located at the northernmost point of the island of Zealand. It is one of the main towns of the Gribskov municipality in Region Hovedstaden in Denmark. As of 1 January 2025, it has a population of 6,596.
Ferrante d'Este
Ferrante d'Este (19 September 1477, Castel Capuano, Naples – February 1540, Ferrara) was a Ferrarese nobleman and condottiero. He was the son of Ercole I d'Este and Eleonora d'Aragona - he was named after his mother's father Ferdinand I of Naples. His five siblings were Alfonso I d'Este, cardinal Ippolito d'Este, Isabella d'Este, wife of Francesco II Gonzaga, Beatrice d'Este, and Sigismondo d'Este. His two illegitimate half-siblings were Giulio and Lucrezia d'Este.

Alfonso I d'Este
Alfonso I d'Este (21 July 1476 – 31 October 1534) was Duke of Ferrara, Modena, and Reggio from 1505 until his death in 1534. A prominent military leader during the Italian Wars, he served on various sides throughout the conflict. Renowned for his innovations in the use of artillery, he earned the nickname Duca Artigliere ("Artilleryman Duke").
Negros killings
The Negros killings were a series of targeted assassinations carried out by unidentified gunmen in the provinces of Negros Oriental and Negros Occidental in the Philippines. Some of the victims involved were suspected communists or sympathizers. Following the killings, Memorandum Order No. 32 was signed by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea on November 23, 2018, upon the orders of President Rodrigo Duterte deploying additional troops to the provinces of Negros Oriental, Negros Occidental, Samar, and the Bicol Region to "suppress sporadic acts of violence" allegedly committed by lawless groups and to "prevent such violence from spreading and escalating elsewhere in the country." Even after the memorandum was signed, the incidence of killings continued. According to the Defend Negros Movement, the first recorded extrajudicial killing on Negros Island was Alexander Ceballos on January 20, 2017. The group also alleged that at least 84 persons have been killed since 2017.

Escalante massacre
The Escalante massacre was an incident on September 20, 1985, in Escalante, Negros Occidental, Philippines, where government paramilitary forces gunned down civilians engaged in a rally in commemoration of the 13th anniversary of the declaration of martial law. It is also called Escam – a portmanteau of "Escalante" and "massacre" – and sometimes Bloody Thursday, though the massacre occurred on a Friday.
Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery, Silver
The Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery, Silver is the lesser of two classes of a South African civil decoration for acts of bravery that was in use from 1952 to 1961, while the country was still a constitutional monarchy in the British Commonwealth. The decoration was instituted by Queen Elizabeth II on 15 December 1952.

Woltemade Decoration for Bravery, Silver
The Woltemade Decoration for Bravery, Silver is the lesser of two classes of a South African civil decoration for acts of bravery. It replaced the King's Medal for Bravery, Silver and the Queen's Medal for Bravery, Silver, the award of which was discontinued in South Africa in 1961.
Sap, Grosuplje
Sap (pronounced [ˈsaːp]) is a formerly independent settlement in the eastern part of the settlement of Šmarje–Sap in central Slovenia. It belongs to the Municipality of Grosuplje. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Šmarje–Sap
Šmarje–Sap (pronounced [ˈʃmaːɾjɛ ˈsaːp]; Slovene: Šmarje - Sap) is a settlement in the Municipality of Grosuplje in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Portulacaceae
The Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising 115 species in a single genus Portulaca. Formerly some 20 genera with about 500 species, were placed there, but it is now restricted to encompass only one genus. It is also known as the purslane family. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the highest diversity in semiarid regions of the Southern Hemisphere in Africa, Australia, and South America, but with a few species also extending north into Arctic regions. The family is very similar to the Caryophyllaceae, differing in the calyx, which has only two sepals.

The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998) assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. In the APG III system, several genera were moved to the Montiaceae, Didiereaceae, Anacampserotaceae and Talinaceae, thus making the family monotypic and only containing the genus Portulaca.

Montiaceae
Montiaceae are a family of flowering plants, with about 17 genera and about 230 known species, ranging from small herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.

The family Montiaceae was newly adopted in the APG III system and includes members of the Caryophyllales formerly listed in Portulacaceae. It is known by the common names of spring beauty family or the montia family.
Constitution of Malta
The current Constitution of Malta (Maltese: Kostituzzjoni ta' Malta) was adopted as a legal order on 21 September 1964, and is the self-declared supreme law of the land. Therefore, any law or action in violation of the Constitution is null and void. Being a rigid constitution, it has a three-tier entrenchment basis in order for any amendments to take place.

Prime Minister of Malta
The prime minister of Malta (Maltese: Prim Ministru ta' Malta) is the head of government, which is the highest official of Malta. The prime minister chairs Cabinet meetings, and selects its ministers to serve in their respective portfolios. The prime minister holds office by their ability to command the confidence of the Parliament, as such they sit as members of Parliament.

The prime minister is appointed by the president, in doing so, the president believes that the appointed individual is the most able to command the majority of the House of Representatives; typically, this individual is the leader of a political party or coalition of parties that hold the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives.

The prime minister is ex officio an appointee to the grade of Companion of Honour - K.U.O.M. (Kumpanju tal-Unur) of the National Order of Merit.
Jieyang Chaoshan International Airport
Jieyang Chaoshan International Airport (IATA: SWA, ICAO: ZGOW) is an international airport serving the cities of Jieyang, Shantou and Chaozhou in South Central China's Guangdong province. It is located in the towns of Paotai and Denggang in Jiedong District, Jieyang, Guangdong. It was part of a relocation plan from the original Shantou Waisha Airport, and the site was chosen to be near the geographic center of Jieyang, Shantou, and Chaozhou. The airport was put into service on 15 December 2011, with the simultaneous shut-down of Shantou Waisha Airport as a commercial airport.

According to the Civil Aviation Administration of China, in 2024, Jieyang Chaoshan International Airport recorded 70,498 flight takeoffs and landings, and 8.666 million passenger movements, representing a year-on-year increases of 16.2% and 20.7% respectively.

Jieyang
Jieyang (simplified Chinese: 揭阳; traditional Chinese: 揭陽; pinyin: Jiēyáng; Chaozhou dialect: gig4 iên5; Jieyang dialect: gêg4 ion5) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Guangdong Province (Yuedong), People's Republic of China, part of the Chaoshan region whose people speak Chaoshan Min distinct from neighbouring Yue speakers. It is historically important as the hometown of many overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. It borders Shantou to the east, Chaozhou to the northeast, Meizhou to the north, Shanwei to the west, and looks out to the South China Sea to the south.
Ambrosden
Ambrosden is a village and civil parish in Cherwell, Oxfordshire, England, 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Bicester to which it is linked by the A41 road, and 13 miles (21 km) from Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,248. The parish is bounded by the River Ray to the south, its tributary the River Bure to the west, the outskirts of Bicester to the north and field boundaries to the east.

The village is 2 miles (3 km) east of Alchester Roman Town. Ambrosden has a Church of England parish church and a public house. Since the Second World War Ambrosden has housed British Army personnel stationed at St. George's Barracks, which is at Arncott about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) south of Ambrosden. The Ministry of Defence had many new houses built at Ambrosden in the early 1950s.

Cherwell (district)
Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ CHAR-wel or /ˈtʃɜːrwɛl/ CHUR-wel) is a local government district in northern Oxfordshire, England. The district was created in 1974 and takes its name from the River Cherwell, which drains south through the region to flow into the River Thames at Oxford. Towns in Cherwell include Banbury, where the council is based, and Bicester. Kidlington is a contender for largest village in England.
Medullary cystic kidney disease
Medullary cystic kidney disease (MCKD) is an autosomal dominant kidney disorder characterized by tubulointerstitial sclerosis leading to end-stage renal disease. Because the presence of cysts is neither an early nor a typical diagnostic feature of the disease, and because at least four different gene mutations may give rise to the condition, the name autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) has been proposed, to be appended with the underlying genetic variant for a particular individual. Importantly, if cysts are found in the medullary collecting ducts they can result in a shrunken kidney, unlike that of polycystic kidney disease. There are two known forms of medullary cystic kidney disease, mucin-1 kidney disease 1 (MKD1) and mucin-2 kidney disease/uromodulin kidney disease (MKD2). A third form of the disease occurs due to mutations in the gene encoding renin (ADTKD-REN), and has formerly been known as familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2.

Uromodulin
Uromodulin (UMOD),Tamm–Horsfall protein (THP), is a zona pellucida-like domain-containing glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the UMOD gene. Uromodulin is the most abundant protein excreted in ordinary urine.

The human UMOD gene is located on chromosome 16.  While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length natures of only two have been described to date. These two represent the major variants of this gene and encode the same isoform.
Gem squash
Gem squash (Cucurbita pepo var. pepo) is a variety of summer squash that may have been domesticated from two wild varieties; Cucurbita texana found in the southern and central United States and Cucurbita fraterna found in Mexico. It bears notable similarities to Tatume squash or Calabacita, a Cucurbita pepo  variety widely grown in Mexico and parts of Texas with a similar vining or climbing and fruiting habit  The dark green spherical fruit, when fully ripe, is about the size of a tennis ball. The young fruit is often harvested before it is fully ripe when it has  a more delicate texture and flavor.

Gem squash is grown widely in South Africa, and is commonly served as a vegetable, often boiled or baked.

Summer squash
Summer squash can either refer to a squash plant with fruit that is harvested when immature, or the fruit itself. The word "summer" reflects their early harvest period and short storage life, in contrast to winter squashes. Some Cucurbita species and varieties are cultivated for both "summer" and "winter" fruit.
Auckland City Hospital
Auckland City Hospital is a public hospital located in Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand. It is the largest hospital in New Zealand, as well as one of the oldest medical facilities in the country. It provides a total of 1,165 beds (as of 2021). It was established in 2003 as an amalgam of Auckland Hospital (acute adult care), Starship Hospital (acute children's care), Green Lane Hospital (cardio-thoracic care) and National Women's Hospital (maternity, newborn and obstetrics and gynecology). Public hospitals in Auckland have been run by Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand since 2022.

University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences
The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FMHS; Māori: Mātauranga Hauora) was established in 1968 as The University of Auckland School of Medicine at its present site in Grafton, Auckland. Prior to this, the University of Otago had taught some students from the final years of its medical course in Auckland through a branch faculty of the Dunedin School of Medicine.
South Oldham High School
South Oldham High School is located in Crestwood, Kentucky and serves pupils in 9th-12th grade. The school's mascot is the Dragon, which is green to reflect the school colors of green and gray, as well as navy and white for accent colors. South Oldham opened in 1989 because Oldham County High School had become overcrowded.

Crestwood, Kentucky
Crestwood is a home rule-class city in Oldham County, Kentucky, United States just outside Louisville's Northeast End. The population was 6,183 as of the 2020 census. CNN listed it as the 52nd best place to live in America in 2005.

The area was first settled in the early 19th century, and the town was established as Beard's Station in 1857. In 1909, the town was renamed to Crestwood.
Wagon Wheels
Wagon Wheels are a sweet snack food sold in the United Kingdom as well as other Commonwealth countries such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand and India. They are also sold in Ireland. They consist of two biscuits that form a sandwich with a marshmallow filling, and they are covered with a chocolate-flavoured coating.

Wagon Wheels were invented by William Peschardt, who sold the patent to Garry Weston, son of W. Garfield Weston. Garry Weston worked for his father's business in Australia before taking over his family's business in Sheffield, England. He placed two Marie biscuits around a marshmallow filling and covered it with chocolate. They were introduced in 1948. The name (originally "Weston Wagon Wheels") relates to the shape of the biscuits and capitalised on the Wild West, which was popular in mass media at the time.

Burton's Biscuit Company
Burton's Biscuit Company is a British biscuit manufacturer. It is recognised in the United Kingdom as the second-biggest supplier of biscuits. The company was formed by the merger of Burton's Gold Medal Biscuits and Horizon Biscuit Company in October 2000. It re-branded from Burton's Foods to Burton's Biscuit Company in November 2011. It employs over 2,200 people around the UK, in three main manufacturing facilities, Llantarnam, Edinburgh and Blackpool, a chocolate refinery in Moreton, and a central distribution hub in Liverpool. Its head office is in St Albans.

Burton's is the UK's second biggest biscuit maker and many of its products are sold globally.
Şıxzahırlı
Şıxzahırlı (also, Shikh-Zagerly, Shikh-Zagirli, Shikhzairly, and Shykhzairly) is a village and municipality in the Gobustan Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 1,589.  The municipality consists of the villages of Şıxzahirli, Ceyrankeçməz, and Ilanlı.

Ceyrankeçməz
40°29′19″N 49°03′46″E﻿ / ﻿40.48861°N 49.06278°E﻿ / 40.48861; 49.06278

Ceyrankeçməz (also, Dzheiran-Kechmas, Dzheyran-Kechmas, and Dzheyrankechmaz) is a village in the Gobustan Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Şıxzahırlı.
Ma Gui (general)
Ma Gui (1543–1617) (simplified Chinese: 麻贵; traditional Chinese: 麻貴; pinyin: Má Guì; Wade–Giles: Ma2 Kui4) was the general of the armies of the Ming Dynasty between 1589 and 1610. A member of the Hui minority of China, he served the Han rulers with great loyalty. He participated in various campaigns against the Mongols  in his career, and serving with great distinction, he led Ming force in the second Japanese Invasions of Korea his final position was the commander of Liaodong Peninsula.

Also, Ma Gui was the founder of a Korean clan, the Shanggu Ma clan.

Sanggok Ma clan
The Sanggok Ma clan (Korean: 상곡 마씨; Hanja: 上谷 麻氏)  is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Chengde, China. According to the census held in 2015, the number of Sanggok Ma clan was 232. Their founder was Ma Gui who worked as general in Ming dynasty. He was dispatched as a member of troop during Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98). He found Sanggok Ma clan because Ma Sun sang (Hanja: 麻舜裳), his great-grandchild, naturalized in Korea.
Saspamco, Texas
Saspamco is an unincorporated community in Wilson County, Texas, United States. It is situated approximately 11 miles northwest of Floresville.  According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 443 in 2000.

Saspamco was named after the San Antonio Sewer Pipe Manufacturing Company which began operations around 1901 using the red clay of the area to manufacture tile products.

Saspamco is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Wilson County, Texas
Wilson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 49,753. Its county seat is Floresville. The county is named after James Charles Wilson. Wilson County is part of the San Antonio–New Braunfels, Texas, metropolitan statistical area.
Lax Kwʼalaams
Lax-Kwʼalaams (/ləkwəˈlɑːms/), is an Indigenous village community in British Columbia, Canada, not far from the city of Prince Rupert, on the northwest coast, and accessible only by ferry or water taxi.

Previously called Port Simpson until 1986, it is located on Port Simpson Indian Reserve No. 1, which is shared with other residential communities of the Tsimshian Nation. The Nine Allied Tribes are: Gilutsʼaaw, Ginadoiks, Ginaxangiik, Gispaxloʼots, Gitando, Gitlaan, Gitsʼiis, Gitwilgyoots, and Gitzaxłaał.

Ginadoiks
The Ginadoiks (sometimes called Gitnadoiks) are one of the 14 tribes of the Tsimshian nation in British Columbia, Canada, and one of the nine of those tribes making up the "Nine Tribes" of the lower Skeena River resident at Lax Kw'alaams (a.k.a. Port Simpson), B.C. The name Ginadoiks means literally "people of the rapids". Their traditional territory is the watershed of the Gitnadoiks River, a tributary of the Skeena. Since 1834, they have been based at Lax Kw'alaams, when a Hudson's Bay Company fort was established there.
The Yard Theatre
The Yard Theatre, opened in 2011, is a theatre in a converted warehouse in Hackney Wick in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It programmes theatre and performance, nightlife, and works with young people and its local community.

James Fritz
James Fritz is a British playwright  known for Four Minutes Twelve Seconds, Parliament Square and The Flea. In reviews of The Flea during 2023, Claire Armitstead described Fritz as "one of the UK's most interesting playwrights" in the Guardian and Anya Ryan of Time Out called him "one of the most boundary-pushing playwrights working today".