hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Derek St. Holmes
Derek St. Holmes (born February 24, 1953) is an American rock musician, best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitar player for Ted Nugent's early solo career. After splitting from Nugent in 1978, St. Holmes worked with various artists, most notably the Whitford/St. Holmes project with Brad Whitford, who had then recently parted ways with Aerosmith. He has also reunited with Nugent on several occasions.

Ted Nugent (album)
Ted Nugent is the debut studio album by American rock musician Ted Nugent. The album was released in September 1975 by Epic Records. It was Nugent's first release after the disbanding of his former group, The Amboy Dukes.
Vaksdal Municipality
Vaksdalⓘ is a municipality in the county of Vestland, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Nordhordland. The administrative centre is the village of Dalekvam. Other villages in the municipality include Dalegarden, Flatkvål, Helle, Nesheim, Stamneshella, Stanghelle, and Vaksdal.

The 715.37-square-kilometre (276.21 sq mi) municipality is the 160th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vaksdal Municipality is the 209th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,875. The municipality's population density is 5.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (14/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7% over the previous 10-year period.

Stamneshella
Stamneshella or Stamnes is a village in Vaksdal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located along the northern part of the Veafjorden, at the entrance to the Vikafjorden.

There a small bridge over the Vikafjorden on the eastern end of the village. It connects to a small residential area on the other side of the fjord that is surrounded by mountains and the fjord. About 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) northwest of the village lies the Kallestadsundet Bridge, which connects the mainland to the island of Osterøy, across the Veafjorden.

The village is an old church site, with records showing a church in this village dating back to the early 14th century. The present Stamnes Church was built in 1861. The village also has a shop, a daycare centre, and a preschool.
International Conservation Caucus Foundation
International Conservation Caucus Foundation (ICCF) is a non-partisan 501(c)(3) educational foundation based in Washington, D.C. that functions as the U.S. chapter of The ICCF Group. ICCF's stated mission is "to advance U.S. leadership in international conservation through public and private partnerships and to develop the next generation of conservation leaders in the U.S. Congress."

ICCF works with bipartisan leadership of conservation-focused caucuses to educate policymakers on issues that increase the effectiveness of government support for international conservation projects. The organization provides balanced information to Members of Congress through briefings and organizes educational programs by international conservation leaders in the corporate, government, and NGO communities.

United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus
The U.S. Congressional International Conservation Caucus, founded in September 2003, is a bipartisan congressional organization with the conviction that “the United States of America has the opportunity, the obligation and the interests to advance the conservation of natural resources for this and future generations,” and a commitment to promote U.S. leadership in public/private conservation partnerships worldwide.

These partnerships are supported in order to ensure stewardship for natural resources that can lead to habitat and biodiversity protection, poverty alleviation, economic development and regional safety. The ICC constitutes the second largest bipartisan congressional caucus, with over 1/3 of the U.S. House of Representatives, and over 1/4 of the U.S. Senate as acting members.
Catherine of Valois
Catherine of Valois or Catherine of France (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was Queen of England from 1420 until 1422. A daughter of King Charles VI of France, she married King Henry V of England and was the mother of King Henry VI. Catherine's marriage was part of a plan to eventually place Henry V on the throne of France, and perhaps end what is now known as the Hundred Years' War. But, although her son Henry VI was later crowned in Paris, the war continued.

After Henry V's death, Catherine's unexpected marriage to Sir Owen Tudor helped lead to the rise of the House of Tudor's fortunes and to her Tudor grandson's eventual elevation to the throne as King Henry VII of England.

Jasper Tudor
Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford (c. November 1431 – 21 December 1495) was the uncle of King Henry VII of England and a leading architect of his nephew's successful accession to the throne in 1485. He was a member of the Tudor family of Penmynydd.

Jasper Tudor's coat of arms, granted to him by his maternal half-brother, King Henry VI, quarters the three lilies of France with the three lions of England, with the addition of a bordure azure with martlets or (that is, a blue border featuring golden martlets).
Auto Test
Auto Test is a 1954 educational electro-mechanical game that uses a video projector. Released by Capitol Projector, it was a driving test simulation that used film reel to project pre-recorded driving video footage, awarding the player points for making correct decisions as the footage is played. It was not a racing game, but was a driving simulation designed for educational purposes.

Electro-mechanical game
Electro-mechanical games (EM games) are types of arcade games that operate on a combination of some electronic circuitry and mechanical actions from the player to move items contained within the game's cabinet. Some of these were early light gun games using light-sensitive sensors on targets to register hits, while others were simulation games such as driving games, combat flight simulators and sports games. EM games were popular in amusement arcades from the late 1940s up until the 1970s, serving as alternatives to pinball machines, which had been stigmatized as games of chance during that period. EM games lost popularity in the 1970s, as arcade video games had emerged to replace them in addition to newer pinball machines designed as games of skill.
Škoda Fabia WRC
The Škoda Fabia WRC is a World Rally Car built for the Škoda Motorsport by Škoda Auto in the World Rally Championship. It is based upon the Škoda Fabia road car, and was debuted at the 2003 Rally Deutschland. The R5 version was launched in 2015.

World Rally Car
A World Rally Car is a racing automobile built to the specific regulations set by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and designed for competition in the World Rally Championship (WRC). The cars were introduced in 1997 as a replacement for Group A regulations used in the manufacturers' championship, and were replaced by Group Rally1 in 2022.
Flavoplaca limonia
Flavoplaca limonia is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1994 by lichenologists Pier Luigi Nimis and Josef Poelt. Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Flavoplaca in 2013, following a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae.

Initially thought to be a southern European species, it has since been shown to have a broader distribution, having been reported from Morocco, Denmark, and Sweden. It can be differentiated from the similar-looking species Flavoplaca citrina by having larger diaspores, which are blastidia rather than soredia, averaging 85±54 μm in size.

Flavoplaca
Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has about 30 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution. The genus was established in 2013 when genetic studies revealed that these species formed their own distinct evolutionary group, separate from other lichen classifications where they were previously placed. These lichens typically grow on limestone and other calcium-rich rocks, forming distinctive orange to yellow crusty patches that are particularly common in coastal environments and sunny locations. Most species grow directly on rock surfaces, but unusually for lichens, four species in the genus are parasitic and live on other lichen species instead.
Pratt & Whitney T34
The Pratt & Whitney T34 (company designation PT2 Turbo-Wasp) is an American axial flow turboprop engine designed and built by Pratt & Whitney. Its only major application was on the Douglas C-133 Cargomaster.

Lockheed L-1249 Super Constellation
The Lockheed L-1249 Super Constellation was a turboprop-powered version of the Lockheed Constellation aircraft family. Built in 1954 and 1955, the aircraft were used as prototypes for possible future military transport aircraft for both the United States Air Force and United States Navy. Both aircraft saw very short lives, and the airframes were later used to build L-1049 Super Constellations.
Australian Irish Sign Language
Australian Irish Sign Language or AISL is a minority sign language in Australia. As a Francosign language, it is related to French Sign Language as opposed to Auslan which is a BANZSL language which is related to British Sign Language. AISL was brought to Australia from Ireland in 1875 by a group of Dominican nuns (including a Deaf nun) where three schools were established and used AISL as a language of instruction. Due to oralist policies, the use of AISL was discontinued as a language of instruction in the early 1950s. There are now around 100 signers of this language, most of who are in their early seventies and onwards, though there may be younger CODAs.

Irish Sign Language
Irish Sign Language (ISL, Irish: Teanga Chomharthaíochta na hÉireann) is the sign language of Ireland, used primarily in Ireland. It is also used in Northern Ireland, alongside British Sign Language (BSL). Irish Sign Language is more closely related to French Sign Language (LSF) than to BSL, though it has influence from both languages. It has influenced sign languages in Australia and South Africa, and has little relation to either spoken Irish or English. ISL is unique among sign languages for having different gendered versions due to men and women being taught it at different schools all over Ireland.
Sighthill Cemetery
Sighthill Cemetery is an active cemetery in central Glasgow, Scotland dating from 1840. It has an operational crematorium. It lies within the Sighthill neighbourhood on the A803 Springburn Road between Cowlairs Park and Petershill Park, north of Glasgow city centre, bounded to the north by Keppochhill Road.

Sighthill, Glasgow
Sighthill is a neighbourhood in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated north of the River Clyde and is part of the wider Springburn district in the north of the city. It is bordered to the north by Cowlairs, to the east by the Springburn Bypass road and the Royston neighbourhood, to the west by the Glasgow to Edinburgh via Falkirk Line (running into Queen Street Station) and to the south by the Townhead interchange of the M8 Motorway.

The district is primarily residential and from the mid-1960s consisted of a housing estate split into two sub-areas –  Pinkston to the south and Fountainwell to the north – each with five 20-storey 'slab' tower blocks, plus seven 5-storey maisonette blocks and five rows of tenements in between. Most of these buildings were demolished during the early 21st century and replaced by new housing with associated infrastructure and landscaping.
Bipartite half
In graph theory, the bipartite half or half-square of a bipartite graph G = (U,V,E) is a graph whose vertex set is one of the two sides of the bipartition (without loss of generality, U) and in which there is an edge uiuj for each pair of vertices ui, uj in U that are at distance two from each other in G. That is, in a more compact notation, the bipartite half is G2[U] where the superscript 2 denotes the square of a graph and the square brackets denote an induced subgraph.

Graph power
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the kth power Gk of an undirected graph G is another graph that has the same set of vertices, but in which two vertices are adjacent when their distance in G is at most k. Powers of graphs are referred to using terminology similar to that of exponentiation of numbers: G2 is called the square of G, G3 is called the cube of G, etc.

Graph powers should be distinguished from the products of a graph with itself, which (unlike powers) generally have many more vertices than the original graph.
Phelps County Courthouse (Missouri)
Phelps County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located in Rolla, Phelps County, Missouri.  The original section was built between 1860 and 1868 and is a two-story, Greek Revival style brick building.  The original building measures approximately 45 feet by 65 feet. It sits on a stone foundation and has a low-pitched gable roof. A series of additions were made in 1881, 1912, c. 1950, and 1979.: 6

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Rolla, Missouri
Rolla (/ˈrɒlə/) is a city in and the county seat of Phelps County, Missouri, United States.  Its population in the 2020 United States Census was 19,943.  It is approximately midway between St. Louis and Springfield along I-44. Its micropolitan statistical area consists of Phelps County, Missouri. Nearby is an inactive township (Rolla Township).

It is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology, well known for its many engineering departments and computer science department.

The headquarters of the Mark Twain National Forest is in Rolla. The city is also within the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area, with vineyards first established by Italian immigrants to the area.
Slieve Meelmore
Slieve Meelmore is one of the Mourne Mountains in County Down, Northern Ireland. It rises to 680 m (2230 ft) and is the seventh-highest of the Mournes. To its south is Slieve Meelbeg and to its east is Slieve Bearnagh. The Mourne Wall passes over its summit.

Slieve Meelmore is a popular hiking destination and is six miles (ten kilometres) east of the village of Hilltown.

Mourne Wall
The Mourne Wall (Irish: Balla an Mhúrn) was constructed to enclose a catchment area of the Silent Valley Reservoir in the Mourne Mountains, Northern Ireland. The 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) high stone wall, which was built to keep livestock from contaminating water supplies, took almost twenty years to complete (1904 to 1922). The project was overseen by the Belfast City and District Water Commissioners.
Merrimack River
The Merrimack River (or Merrimac River, an occasional earlier spelling) is a 117-mile-long (188 km) river in the northeastern United States. It rises at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers in Franklin, New Hampshire, flows southward into Massachusetts, and then flows northeast until it empties into the Gulf of Maine at Newburyport. From Pawtucket Falls in Lowell, Massachusetts, onward, the Massachusetts–New Hampshire border is roughly calculated as the line three miles north of the river.

The Merrimack is an important regional focus in both New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The central-southern part of New Hampshire and most of northeast Massachusetts is known as the Merrimack Valley.

Several U.S. naval ships have been named USS Merrimack and USS Merrimac in honor of this river. The river is also known for the early American literary classic A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau.

Merrimack Valley
The Merrimack Valley is a bi-state region along the Merrimack River in the U.S. states of New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The Merrimack is one of the larger waterways in New England and has helped to define the livelihood and culture of those living along it for millennia.

Major cities in the Merrimack Valley include Concord, Manchester, and Nashua in New Hampshire, and Lowell, Lawrence, and Haverhill in Massachusetts. The Valley was a major center of the textile industry in the 19th century.
Poznań Open
The Enea Poznań Open is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It has been held annually at the Park Tenisowy Olimpia in Poznań, Poland, since 2004.
The tournament is regarded as a continuation of the Polish Open, which was relocated from Warsaw to Poznań and held for nine consecutive years between 1992 and 2000. In 2023 it was a Challenger 100. In 2025 it was upgraded again to a Challenger 100.

Park Tenisowy Olimpia
The Park Tenisowy Olimpia is a tennis complex in Poznań, Poland, owned by the city since November 2013. It is the host of the annual ATP Challenger Tour stop, the Poznań Open. The complex consist of two show courts (Kort Centralny and Kort nr 1), three ground courts and five indoor courts.

Main Court (Kort Centralny) holds approximately 1,500 spectators (including places on VIP lounge), and Grandstand (Kort nr 1) holds 720 spectators. During the tournaments the Main Court is upgraded by around 250 seats due to installation of the temporary stand, opposite to the VIP lounge.
Streptomyces reticuliscabiei
Streptomyces reticuliscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species that is associated with netted scab in potatoes. Its type strain is CFBP 4517T (= ATCC 49173T). It is considered to be part of a cluster together with S. turgidiscabies, however they cause different diseases, the former involved in common scab.

Streptomyces turgidiscabies
Streptomyces turgidiscabies is a streptomycete bacterium species, causing scab in potatoes. It has flexuous spore, the latter which are cylindrical and smooth. The type strain is SY9113T (= ATCC 700248T = IFO 16080T). It is almost identical to Streptomyces reticuliscabiei; however, they are considered distinct species given the diseases they cause are different.
Loredana Bertè
Loredana Bertè (Italian pronunciation: [loreˈdaːna berˈtɛ]; born 20 September 1950) is an Italian singer, songwriter and actress. She has worked with prominent Italian songwriters such as Pino Daniele, Ivano Fossati, Mario Lavezzi, Mango and Enrico Ruggeri, among others; her sister Mia Martini (Mimì Bertè) was also an acclaimed singer. She has experimented with different genres, from rock to reggae, from funk to pop. Bertè is known for the eccentric clothing she wears onstage for her performances.

Mango (singer)
Giuseppe "Pino" Mango (6 November 1954 – 8 December 2014), better known mononymously as Mango, was an Italian singer-songwriter and musician. He was known for his style which fuses pop, rock, folk, world music and for his extensive vocal range. He is best known for the song "Oro", from his 1986 breakout album release Odissea. Other hits include "Lei verrà", "Mediterraneo", "Bella d'estate", "Amore per te", "Come Monnalisa", "Nella mia città" and "La rondine".

Mango has been defined by Italian music author Mario Luzzatto Fegiz as an "authentic innovator of Italian pop music" and AllMusic considers him an "Italian rock fusion innovator". He wrote songs for Italian artists such as Patty Pravo, Loredana Bertè, Andrea Bocelli, Mietta. Part of his repertoire was performed by Italian and foreign musicians, including Mina, Mia Martini, Leo Sayer, Hélène Ségara and Eleftheria Arvanitaki.
Archimedean spiral
The Archimedean spiral (also known as Archimedes' spiral, the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd-century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes. The term Archimedean spiral is sometimes used to refer to the more general class of spirals of this type (see below), in contrast to Archimedes' spiral (the specific arithmetic spiral of Archimedes). It is the locus corresponding to the locations over time of a point moving away from a fixed point with a constant speed along a line that rotates with constant angular velocity. Equivalently, in polar coordinates (r, θ) it can be described by the equation

with real number b. Changing the parameter b controls the distance between loops.

From the above equation, it can thus be stated: position of the particle from point of start is proportional to angle θ as time elapses.

Archimedes described such a spiral in his book On Spirals.  Conon of Samos was a friend of his and Pappus states that this spiral was discovered by Conon.

Spiral
In mathematics, a spiral is a curve which emanates from a point, moving further away as it revolves around the point. It is a subtype of whorled patterns, a broad group that also includes concentric objects.
Altenberge
Altenberge (Westphalian: Ollenbiärg) is a municipality in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km south-east of Steinfurt and 15 km north-west of Münster.

Steinfurt
Steinfurt (German: [ˈʃtaɪnfʊʁt] ⓘ; Westphalian: Stemmert) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Steinfurt. From c. 1100–1806, it was the capital of the County of Steinfurt.
Arthur M. Wellington
Arthur Mellen Wellington (December 20, 1847 – May 17, 1895) was an American civil engineer who wrote the 1877 book The Economic Theory of the Location of Railways. The saying that An engineer can do for a dollar what any fool can do for two is an abridgement of a statement made in this work (see below). Wellington was involved in the design and construction of new railways in Mexico. He was chief engineer of the Toledo and Canada Southern Railroad. He was the editor of the Engineering News.

The pioneering effort of Wellington in engineering economics in the 1870s was continued by John Charles Lounsbury Fish with the publication of Engineering Economics: First Principles in 1923 and the first publication of the Principles of Engineering Economy in 1930 by Eugene L. Grant.

Railroad Gazette
Railroad Gazette (until 1870, Western Railroad Gazette) was a trade journal that focused on railroad, transportation and engineering topics from 1856 until 1908, when it purchased its main rival and became the publication today known as Railway Age.
Olympus Geological History Museum
The Olympus Geological History Museum (Greek: Μουσείο Γεωλογικής Ιστορίας Ολύμπου, Mouseio Geologikis Istorias Olympou) is a geological museum in the town of Leptokarya at the foot of Mount Olympus in northern Greece. It presents in several exhibition rooms, rocks and minerals from the region and fossils from the Olympus and from the surrounding area. It was established with the help of the Geology faculty of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.

Leptokarya
Leptokarya (Greek: Λεπτοκαρυά, Leptokarya) is a town in Pieria regional unit, Central Macedonia, Greece, former seat of East Olympos municipality, which is part of the municipality of Dion-Olympos. The distance from Katerini is 26 km and the population of the village was 3,612 inhabitants as of 2021.