hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rain chain
Rain chains (Japanese: 鎖樋, kusari-toi or kusari-doi, literally "chain-gutter") are  an alternative to downspouts and are widely used in Japan.  Their primary  purpose is  decorative, turning the flow of rainwater from the gutter into a  water feature as it travels downward to a drain or storage container.  (Rainwater is sometimes collected for household usage.)  They can also be found on temples.

Rain chains are typically either a series of metal cups, chained together with a hole in the bottom of each, or chain links that span vertically. Rain water run-off gets distributed from a rooftop gutter downward through the rain chain.

Rain chains have also been used in the West. Nordic vernacular architecture often used a simple stick as a rainwater guide, in similar fashion. They have also been used in the Modernist era, to juxtapose metal chains with a concrete or Portland stone facade.  They are often seen in cup-shape, link and loop style, as well as decorative.

Downspout
A downspout, waterspout, downpipe, drain spout, drainpipe, roof drain pipe, rone or leader is a pipe for carrying rainwater from a rain gutter.

The purpose of a downspout is to allow water from a gutter to reach the ground without dripping or splashing down the building structure. Downspouts are usually vertical and usually extend down to ground level, although may be routed at an angle to avoid architectural features and may discharge onto an intermediate roof.

At the bottom of downspout there are typically features to divert discharged water away from the building's foundations to prevent water damage. This may be a simple bend of, typically around 70 degrees, at the bottom. Alternatively a downspout may lead to a sewer, a runoff water drain or a seepway to allow the water to soak into the ground through seepage.

Decorative heads are sometimes added, these being low-height gargoyles.
Kangaroo leather
Kangaroo leather is a strong, lightweight leather derived from the hide of the kangaroo.

Kangaroos are harvested. Both the meat and the hides are sold.  Although hunting most species of macropod is prohibited, a small number of the large-sized species with high populations can be hunted by commercial hunters. This policy has been criticised by some wildlife activists.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Figure skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics
The figure skating events in 1998 Winter Olympics were held at the White Ring in Nagano. There were no changes in the format or scoring systems from 1994. Professionals were again allowed to compete, although they had to declare that intention and compete in ISU-approved events to do so. Previously, the ISU had been accused of rejecting Western professionals, while allowing Eastern Bloc state-sponsored "amateurs" to compete. Most of the top competitors by 1998 were now openly professional.

The competitions took place on the following days:

Pairs: 8–10 February 1998

Men's singles: 12–14 February 1998

Ice dance: 13–16 February 1998

Ladies' singles: 18–20 February 1998

Exhibition gala: 21 February 1998

Elvis Stojko
Elvis Stojko, MSC MSM (born March 22, 1972) is a Canadian figure skater. He was a three-time World champion (1994, 1995, 1997), two-time Olympic silver medallist (1994, 1998), and seven-time Canadian champion (1994, 1996–2000, and 2002).
Holyhead transmitting station
The Holyhead transmitting station was a broadcast television facility located about 2.5 km to the west of Holyhead, on Anglesey, Wales. It had a self-supporting 30 m lattice mast erected on land that is itself about 76 m above sea level. The site was originally built by the BBC, entering service in early 1964 transmitting the now-defunct 405-line VHF television system.

When UHF 625-line colour TV came to north Wales in the 1970s, the locality fell into the service area of the main transmitter at Llanddona or the relay at Arfon and so this site was not needed as a repeater.

405-line television from Holyhead was shut down in January 1984. The site appears to have been demolished subsequently.

Llanddona transmitting station
The Llanddona transmitting station ((/lænˈdɒnæ/; Welsh: [ɬanˈðɔna]); Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, situated at Llanddona, near Beaumaris, on the isle of Anglesey, Wales (grid reference SH583810). It comprises a 106.7 metres (350 ft) guyed mast with antennas attached at various heights. It is owned and operated by Arqiva.
Hypocreales
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes.

In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. 
Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, as of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.

Stachybotryaceae
The Stachybotryaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales; the genera it contains have been described as "hyper-diverse".

The family was originally introduced by Crous et al. (2014) to accommodate three genera; Myrothecium, Peethamabra and Stachybotrys.
It was revised by Lombard et al. (2016) based on morphological characters and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. They accepted 33 genera in the family, including 21 new genera.

Generally, the species in Stachybotryaceae are characterized by asexual morphs with mononematous to sporodochial to synnematous conidiomata, usually with phialidic conidiogenous cells that produce 0–1-septate conidia in dark green dry chains or slimy masses. Three species of Stachybotryaceae;(Koorchalomella salmonispora, Stachybotrys chartarum and Stachybotrys chlorohalonata) have been reported from freshwater habitats.
Australian megafauna
Australian megafauna were megafauna which inhabited Australia during the Pleistocene Epoch. Most of these species became extinct during the latter half of the Pleistocene, as part of the broader global Late Quaternary extinction event. The roles of human and climatic factors in their extinction are debated.

There are similarities between the prehistoric Australian megafauna and some mythical creatures from the Aboriginal Dreamtime.

Genyornis
Genyornis is an extinct genus of large, flightless bird that lived in Australia during the Pleistocene Epoch until around 40-50,000 years ago. Over two metres in height, they were likely herbivorous.  It is the last known member of the extinct flightless bird family Dromornithidae which had been part of the fauna of the Australian continent for over 30 million years. They are not closely related to ratites such as emus, and they are thought to be a gigantic type of fowl, likely an early diverging group within the Anseriformes, which contains ducks and geese. Genyornis. and many other Australian megafauna became extinct in Australia as part of the Late Pleistocene extinction event, coinciding with the arrival of humans. Evidence has been found for human consumption of Genyornis eggs, making it one of the few species of Australian megafauna for which evidence of human interaction is known.
Democratic Republic of Sudan
On 25 May 1969, several young officers calling themselves the Free Officers Movement (after the Egyptian officers who instigated the Egyptian revolution of 1952) seized power in Sudan in a coup d'état and started the Nimeiry era, also called the May Regime, in the history of Sudan. Gaafar Nimeiry ruled as president with the Sudanese Socialist Union (SSU). At the conspiracy's core were nine officers led by Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, who had been implicated in plots against the Abboud regime. Nimeiry's coup preempted plots by other groups, most of which involved army factions supported by the Sudanese Communist Party (SCP), Arab nationalists, or conservative religious groups. He justified the coup on the grounds that civilian politicians had paralyzed the decision-making process, had failed to deal with the country's economic and regional problems, and had left Sudan without a permanent constitution.

Addis Ababa Agreement (1972)
The Addis Ababa Agreement, also known as the Addis Ababa Accord, was a set of compromises within a 1972 treaty that ended the First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972) fighting in Sudan. The Addis Ababa accords were incorporated in the Constitution of Sudan.
Kenpō
Kenpō (Japanese: 拳法,けんぽう) is the name of several martial arts. This term is often informally transliterated as "kempo", as a result of applying Traditional Hepburn romanization, but failing to use a macron to indicate the long vowel. The word Kenpō translates to "Fist Method", "ken" meaning "fist" and "po" meaning "method/technique". The generic nature of the term combined with its widespread, cross-cultural adoption in the martial arts community has led to many divergent definitions. For example, in Suiō-ryū Iai Kenpō it refers to "Battlefield sword against sword forms". In modern Japanese, the term is generally used to describe any primarily striking based system, especially of Chinese origin.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.
PGF/TikZ
PGF/TikZ is a pair of languages for producing vector graphics (e.g., technical illustrations and drawings) from a geometric/algebraic description, with standard features including the drawing of points, lines, arrows, paths, circles, ellipses and polygons. PGF is a lower-level language, while TikZ is a set of higher-level macros that use PGF. The top-level PGF and TikZ commands are invoked as TeX macros, but in contrast with PSTricks, the PGF/TikZ graphics themselves are described in a language that resembles MetaPost. Till Tantau is the designer of the PGF and TikZ languages. He is also the main developer of the only known interpreter for PGF and TikZ, which is written in TeX. PGF is an acronym for "Portable Graphics Format". TikZ was introduced in version 0.95 of PGF, and it is a recursive acronym for "TikZ ist kein Zeichenprogramm" (German for "TikZ is not a drawing program").

PSTricks
PSTricks is a set of macros that allow the inclusion of PostScript drawings directly inside TeX or LaTeX source code. It was originally written by Timothy Van Zandt and has been maintained in recent years by Denis Girou, Sebastian Rahtz and Herbert Voss (de).
Paul Wender (chemist)
Paul Anthony Wender is an American chemist whose work is focused on organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, synthesis, catalysis, chemical biology, imaging, drug delivery, and molecular therapeutics. He is currently the Francis W. Bergstrom Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University and is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Francis William Bergstrom
Francis William Bergstrom, Ph.D. (1897–1946) was an American professor of chemistry at Stanford University.

Bergstrom was born in Bloomington, Indiana, on January 10, 1897, then moved to Stanford when he was 11 years old. He enrolled at Stanford and received a B.S. in 1918 and a Ph.D. in 1922, working with Edward Curtis Franklin. His postdoctoral work was undertaken at Clark University and Brown University, working with Charles A. Kraus. His independent career lasted 29 years at Stanford, during which time he wrote 70 peer-reviewed papers on nitrogen chemistry and served as an associate editor for The Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Bergstrom died of a fast-moving brain tumor when he was 49 years of age.  A memorial professorship, held currently by Paul Wender, bears his name.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Refugio County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Refugio County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Refugio County, Texas. There are five properties listed on the National Register in the county. One property is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Refugio County, Texas
Refugio County (/rɪˈfjʊər.i.oʊ/ rih-FURE-ee-oh) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 6,741. Its county seat is Refugio. The county originated as a municipality of Mexico in 1834 and was classified as a county in 1837.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Lexington
The Diocese of Lexington (Latin: Dioecesis Lexingtonensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, in southeastern Kentucky in the United States. It was erected on January 14, 1988. The diocese is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Louisville. The Diocese of Lexington provides education for approximately 4,300 students in its 15 elementary schools and two high schools located throughout the diocese, and maintains Newman Centers at eight of Kentucky's colleges and universities.

James Kendrick Williams
James Kendrick Williams (born September 5, 1936, also known as J. Kendrick Williams) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who was bishop of Diocese of Lexington in Kentucky from 1988 to 2002. Williams previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Covington in Kentucky.

Williams resigned as bishop of Lexington in 2002 after three men accused him of child sexual abuse.
Minister of State at the Department of Defence
The Minister of State at the Department of Defence (Irish: Aire Stáit ag an Roinn Cosanta) is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Defence of the Government of Ireland who performs duties and functions delegated by the Minister for Defence. Although the position has often been held jointly with that of the post of Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach with responsibility as Government Chief Whip, which entitles the office-holder to regularly attend meetings of cabinet, the position of Minister of State does not itself hold cabinet rank. The title was first used on 1 January 1978, replacing the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Defence. The Minister of State at the Department of Defence is a member of the Council of Defence.

The current Minister of State is Thomas Byrne, TD, who was appointed in January 2025. Byrne is also Minister of State for European Affairs.

Department of Defence (Ireland)
The Department of Defence (Irish: An Roinn Cosanta) is the department of the Government of Ireland that is responsible for preserving peace and security in Ireland, and administers the Irish Defence Forces. The department is led by the Minister for Defence.
Sibiu County
Sibiu County (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat (Romanian: reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt).

Cisnădie
Cisnădie (Romanian pronunciation: [t͡ʃisnəˈdi.e]; German: Heltau; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: De Hielt; Hungarian: Nagydisznód) is a town in Sibiu County, Transylvania, central Romania, approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt). It comprises the main town of Cisnădie and one village, Cisnădioara (German: Michelsberg; Hungarian: Kisdisznód).

Located along the Cisnădie River, at the foothills of the Cindrel Mountains, the town is known for its Transylvanian Saxon heritage, as well as for the communist-era carpet factories.
The Last Play at Shea
The Last Play at Shea is a 2010 American documentary film written by Mark Monroe, directed by Paul Crowder, produced by Steve Cohen and Nigel Sinclair, in conjunction with Billy Joel's Maritime Pictures and Spitfire Films.  The film is centered on Billy Joel's 2008 concerts of the same name that occurred at Shea Stadium. The shows were staged on July 16 and 18, 2008, before a combined 110,000 fans, and were the last performances ever to play the historic stadium before it was demolished. The film debuted at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 26, 2010. The film was released on DVD on February 8, 2011. The CD and DVD from the show were released on March 8, 2011, by Sony.

The film premiered on August 21, 2010, at Citi Field, Shea Stadium's successor, in front of around 20,000 moviegoers.  Earlier that day, Joel watched it himself, and there was an announcement from him that he liked it and said: "I haven't puked from it," which was shown right before the film's premiere.

Live at Shea Stadium: The Concert
Live at Shea Stadium: The Concert is the fifth live album as well as a CD and DVD music compilation of songs performed by American singer/songwriter Billy Joel during two concerts at Shea Stadium in New York City on July 16 and 18, 2008. It was released on March 8, 2011. The documentary film, released as The Last Play at Shea on October 21, 2010, was produced by Jon Small, Joel's former bandmate in the 1960s groups The Hassles and Attila. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival, and aired on PBS as part of Great Performances.

The two concerts were the last performed at Shea Stadium before it was demolished to make way for Citi Field. It features guest appearances by Tony Bennett, Garth Brooks, John Mayer, Steven Tyler, Roger Daltrey, John Mellencamp, Mark Wood, and Paul McCartney.
Game Recordings
Game Recordings was a New York–based record label best known for its artists featured on the soundtrack of the video game Grand Theft Auto III. Game Recordings artists included Royce da 5'9", Agallah, Sean Price, Pretty Ugly, Ilacoin, Nature, and JoJo Pellegrino. The label was also known for the "Game Girls," or "Hip Hop Honeys," who featured on all of the promotional singles and maxi-CDs it released.

The label's Chief Executive Officer was Jonathan "Shecky Green" Shecter, co-founder of The Source magazine. Eric "Ric Riggler" Rhea, an A&R executive, headed the company.

Rock City (Royce da 5'9" album)
Rock City (subtitled or alternative titled Rock City - Version 2.0) is the debut studio album by the American rapper Royce da 5'9". After a two-year delay, resulting from a creative issue and label changes, the album was released on November 26, 2002.
Lipstick pickup
A lipstick guitar pickup is a form of single-coil magnetic guitar pickup, totally encased in a chrome-plated metal tube.

The lipstick-tube pickup was introduced by Danelectro on their line of electric guitars. The original lipstick-tube pickups were manufactured using real lipstick tubes, and were featured on Danelectro, Danelectro's Coral series, and guitars that were later marketed through Sears, Roebuck and Company department stores under the name Silvertone.

These pickups continue to be featured on Danelectro and other guitars. Current production pickups are not made using lipstick tubes, but tubes manufactured specifically for guitar pickups.

Single coil guitar pickup
A single-coil pickup is a type of magnetic transducer, or pickup, for the electric guitar and the electric bass. It electromagnetically converts the vibration of the strings to an electric signal. Single-coil pickups are one of the two most popular designs, along with dual-coil or "humbucking" pickups.
Listed buildings in Warcop
Warcop is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It contains 28 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Warcop and Sandford, and is otherwise rural.  All the listed buildings are in the villages, apart from a milestone on the A66 road.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, and farmhouses and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings consist of a church, a churchyard cross, a maypole, a public house, and a bridge.

Warcop
Warcop is a village and civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England, which had a population of 532 at the 2011 census.

It is near the A66 road, 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Kirkby Stephen and 5 miles south of Appleby-in-Westmorland.
Tim Hetherington
Timothy Alistair Telemachus Hetherington (5 December 1970 – 20 April 2011) was a British photojournalist. He produced books, films and other work that "ranged from multi-screen installations, to fly-poster exhibitions, to handheld device downloads" and was a regular contributor to Vanity Fair.

He was best known for the documentary film Restrepo (2010), which he co-directed with Sebastian Junger. Restrepo won the Grand Jury Prize for best documentary at Sundance Film Festival 2010 and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2011. Hetherington won various awards including the 2008 World Press Photo of the Year.

He was killed by shrapnel from either a mortar shell or an RPG fired by Libyan forces while covering the 2011 Libyan civil war.

Korangal Valley
34°53′N 70°55′E﻿ / ﻿34.89°N 70.91°E﻿ / 34.89; 70.91

Korangal Valley (Pashto: کړنگل, Dari: کرنگل), alternatively spelled as Korengal, Kurangal, Korangal, nicknamed "The Valley of Death", is a valley in the Dara-I-Pech District of Kunar Province, eastern Afghanistan.