hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
War tax stamp
A war tax stamp is a type of postage stamp added to an envelope in addition to regular postage. It is similar to a postal tax stamp, but the revenue is used to defray the costs of a war; as with other postal taxes, its use is obligatory for some period of time.

Postal tax stamp
A postal tax stamp refers to a stamp which raises revenue for charity or war related projects. Postal tax stamps are similar to semi-postals, except their use is mandatory instead of voluntary. They are used to show payment of a compulsory tax on mailing letters and parcels. The taxes often go to a charitable institution or fund.

The postal tax stamp originated in Spain and Portugal.  Many Balkan nations and some Latin American nations have been the most prolific issuers of postal tax stamps. There are no postal tax stamps in the United States.
Uganda national under-19 cricket team
The Uganda Under-19 cricket team represents the nation of Uganda in under-19 cricket at international level.

Uganda has qualified for the Under-19 Cricket World Cup on three occasions—in 2004, 2006 and 2022. The team's best performance came in 2022, when it defeated Scotland in the 13th-place play-off. Uganda has won the ICC U19 Cricket World Cup Africa Qualifier twice, in 2009 and 2021, and placed runner-up on another four occasions.

Papua New Guinea national under-19 cricket team
The Papua New Guinea national under-19 cricket team represents the country of Papua New Guinea in Under-19 international cricket.

PNG has qualified for the Under-19 Cricket World Cup on eight occasions, the most for any associate team in the ICC East Asia-Pacific region. However, the team has only won three matches in World Cup history and has never made it past the first round.
San Miguel Chapultepec
San Miguel Chapultepec is a colonia or neighborhood in Delegación Miguel Hidalgo in Mexico City.

Its borders are:

Avenida Constituyentes and Avenida Chapultepec on the west, bordering Chapultepec Park

The Circuito Interior José Vasconcelos and Ave. Jalisco on the southeast, bordering the Condesa district (colonias Condesa and Hipódromo Condesa) and colonia Tacubaya

Parque Lira on the southwest, bordering colonias Ampliación Daniel Garza, Observatorio and Tacubaya

The colonia's streets carry the names of generals and governors of Mexico. The buildings mostly consist of houses, whether still used as residences or converted into offices. Being a central neighborhood where the Circuito Interior freeway, Ave. Constituyentes (a main through road to Santa Fe, Toluca and points west), and the ejes viales 2 and 4 South, the area is saturated with traffic.

Condesa
Condesa or La Condesa is an area in the Cuauhtémoc borough of Mexico City, south of Zona Rosa and 4 to 5 km west of the Zócalo, the city's main square. It is immediately west of Colonia Roma, together with which it is designated as a "Barrio Mágico Turístico" ("Touristic Magic Neighborhood"). Together they are often referred to as Condesa–Roma, one of the most architecturally significant areas of the city and a bastion of the creative communities.

It consists of three colonias or officially recognized neighborhoods: Colonia Condesa, Colonia Hipódromo and Colonia Hipódromo Condesa. The area is considered to be fashionable and popular with younger businesspeople, students and pet lovers. It features a large number of international restaurants, bars and nightclubs.
Palladium Books
Palladium Books is a publisher of role-playing games (RPGs) best known for its Rifts series (1990–present). Palladium was founded April 1981 in Detroit, Michigan, by current president and lead game designer Kevin Siembieda, and is now based in Westland, Michigan. The company enjoys the support of a small but dedicated fanbase who praise its various game series for their innovative settings and ease of adaptability to various personal preferences, play styles, and power levels.

Robotech
Robotech is an American-Japanese science fiction franchise that began with an 85-episode anime television series produced by Harmony Gold USA in association with Tatsunoko Production; it was first released in the United States in 1985.

The show was adapted from three original and distinct, though visually similar, Japanese anime television series (Super Dimension Fortress Macross, Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross, and Genesis Climber MOSPEADA) to make a series suitable for syndication.

In the series, Robotechnology refers to the scientific advances discovered in an alien starship that crashed on a South Pacific island. With this technology, Earth developed robotic technologies, such as transformable mecha, to fight three successive extraterrestrial invasions.
Dytiscus
Dytiscus ("little diver" based on Greek δυτικός, "able to dive" and the diminutive suffix -ίσκος) is a Holarctic genus of predaceous diving beetles that usually live in wetlands and ponds. There are 26 species in this genus distributed in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North and Central America. They are predators that can reduce mosquito larvae.

Dytiscus are large water beetles with a robust, rounded shape and they measure 2.2–4.4 cm (0.9–1.7 in) long depending on the exact species involved. The largest, D. latissimus, is among the largest species in the family and its size is only matched by certain Megadytes. The tarsi of the males are modified into suckers which are used to grip the female in mating. Females are usually larger than the males and come in two forms, with grooved (sulcate) or smooth elytra.  Males only ever have smooth elytra. The adults of most species can fly.

Megadytes
Megadytes is a genus of diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. They are found in slow-moving or static freshwater habitats in the Neotropics. The adult beetles measure about 1.65–4.75 cm (0.6–1.9 in) long depending on the exact species and the largest is also the largest in the family (together with certain Dytiscus).
1991 M4 motorway crash
On 13 March 1991, a multiple-vehicle collision occurred during foggy conditions on the eastbound carriageway of the M4 motorway near Hungerford, Berkshire, between the Membury service station and junction 14.

Ten people were killed in the pile-up, which involved 51 vehicles, making it one of the deadliest crashes in the history of Britain's motorway network.

M4 motorway
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The M4, originally the London-South Wales Motorway, is the third-longest motorway in the United Kingdom, running from west London to southwest Wales. The English section to the Severn Bridge was constructed between 1961 and 1971; the Welsh element was largely complete by 1980, though a non-motorway section around Briton Ferry bridge remained until 1993. On the opening of the Second Severn Crossing in 1996, the M4 was rerouted over it.

The line of the motorway from London to Bristol runs closely in parallel with the A4. After crossing the River Severn, toll-free since December 2018, the motorway follows the A48, to terminate at the Pont Abraham services in Carmarthenshire.

The M4 is the only motorway in Wales apart from its two spurs: the A48(M) and the M48. The major towns and cities along the route—a distance of approximately 189 miles (304 km)—include Slough, Reading, Swindon, Bristol, Newport,  Cardiff, Bridgend, Port Talbot and Swansea.
Lie group decomposition
In mathematics, Lie group decompositions are used to analyse the structure of Lie groups and associated objects, by showing how they are built up out of subgroups. They are essential technical tools in the representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras; they can also be used to study the algebraic topology of such groups and associated homogeneous spaces. Since the use of Lie group methods became one of the standard techniques in twentieth century mathematics, many phenomena can now be referred back to decompositions.

The same ideas are often applied to Lie groups, Lie algebras, algebraic groups and p-adic number analogues, making it harder to summarise the facts into a unified theory.

Bruhat decomposition
In mathematics, the Bruhat decomposition (introduced by  François Bruhat for classical groups and by Claude Chevalley in general)  of certain algebraic groups  into cells can be regarded as a general expression of the principle of Gauss–Jordan elimination, which generically writes a matrix as a product of an upper triangular and lower triangular matrices—but with exceptional cases. It is related to the Schubert cell decomposition of flag varieties: see Weyl group for this.

More generally, any group with a (B, N) pair has a Bruhat decomposition.
Stone Farm Building
Stone Farm Building is a heritage-listed farm building at Fleurs, 739 Fleurs Lane, Clermont, Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1880s. It is also known as Fleurs. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 August 2008.

Clermont, Queensland
Clermont is a rural town and locality in the Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia.  Clermont is a major hub for the large coal mines in the region, and is also a service town for  agricultural properties in the area. In the 2021 census, the locality of Clermont had a population of 2,952 people.
2014 Oral-B USA 500
The 2014 Oral-B USA 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race that was held on August 31, 2014, at Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton, Georgia. Contested over 335 laps on the 1.54 mi (2.48 km) quad-oval, it was the 25th race of the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Kasey Kahne of Hendrick Motorsports won the race, his first win of the season. Matt Kenseth finished second, while Denny Hamlin, Jimmie Johnson and Carl Edwards rounded out the top five. The top rookies of the race were Kyle Larson (8th), Michael Annett (21st), and Austin Dillon (24th).

2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series
The 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series was the 66th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 43rd modern-era Cup season. The season began at Daytona International Speedway, with the Sprint Unlimited, followed by the Daytona 500. The season ended with the Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway.

This season was the final year of broadcasting for both the ESPN family of networks and Turner Sports. ESPN had covered the second half of the Sprint Cup season since 2007 while Turner Sports ended a thirty-one year relationship with NASCAR on TBS and later TNT. For 2015, their portions of the season were divided between Fox Sports and NBC.

Kevin Harvick and Stewart–Haas Racing claimed the drivers' championship and owners' championship, while Chevrolet won the manufacturer's championship. In one of the largest rookie classes in recent history, Kyle Larson was named Rookie of the Year.
Masontown, Pennsylvania
Masontown is a borough in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area. The population of the borough was 3,274 at the 2020 census. It is served by the Albert Gallatin Area School District. Masontown is a small crossroads for the rural portions of western Fayette County, and it contains a small shopping center and a grocery store within its business district.

Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Fayette County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in southwestern Pennsylvania, adjacent to Maryland and West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 128,804. Its county seat is Uniontown. The county was created on September 26, 1783, from part of Westmoreland County and named after the Marquis de Lafayette. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Fayette County is part of the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The southern border of Fayette County is the southern border of Pennsylvania at both the Pennsylvania–Maryland state line (the Mason–Dixon line) and the Pennsylvania–West Virginia state line.
Royal Viking Line
The Royal Viking Line was a luxury cruise line that operated from 1972 until 1998. The company was the brainchild of Warren Titus and had its headquarters at One Embarcadero Center in San Francisco, California.

Norwegian Cruise Line
Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) is an American cruise line founded in Norway in 1966, headquartered in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and incorporated in the Bahamas. It is the fourth-largest cruise line in the world by passengers, controlling about 8.6% of the total worldwide share of the cruise market by passengers as of 2021. It is wholly owned by parent company Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings.
Federated Rubber and Allied Workers' Union of Australia
The Federated Rubber and Allied Workers' Union of Australia was an Australian trade union which existed between 1909 and 1988. The union represented workers employed in manufacturing rubber, plastic, electrical cable, adhesive and abrasive products in Australia.

National Union of Workers
The National Union of Workers was an Australian trade union from 1989 to 2019. The union covered workers in various industries and was one of the most powerful unions in the Australian Labor Party and its national Labor Right faction. In 2019, it merged with United Voice to form the United Workers Union.
Hunger Wall
The Hunger Wall (Czech: Hladová zeď) is a medieval defensive wall of the Lesser Town of Prague, today's Czech Republic. It was built on Petřín Hill between 1360 and 1362 by order of Charles IV.

Marl from quarries on Petřín Hill was used as construction material. The purpose of the construction was to strengthen the fortifications of Prague Castle and Malá Strana against any attack from the west or south. Originally the wall was 4 to 4.5 metres high and 1.8 metres wide and was equipped with battlements and (probably) eight bastions.

The wall was repaired in 1624, further strengthened in the middle of 18th century and repaired or modified several times later (in modern era in 1923-25 and 1975). One of preserved bastions serves as a base for the dome of Štefánik Observatory.

A well preserved part of the wall may also be found in the interior yard of the 19th-century house in Plaská Street No.8.

Štefánik's Observatory
Štefánik's Observatory (Czech: Štefánikova hvězdárna, obs. code: 541), sometimes called the Prague Observatory, is an astronomical observatory on Petřín hill in the center of Prague founded in 1928 and named after Slovak astronomer Milan Rastislav Štefánik. In modern times, the observatory specializes in the popularization of astronomy and related natural sciences.
Tomonoura
Tomonoura (鞆の浦), formerly known as Tomonotsu (鞆の津), is a port in the Tomo ward of Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It stands on the southern point of the Numakuma Peninsula, 14 kilometers south of Fukuyama Station, with a population of about 3,500 people as of 2017.

Tomonoura has been a prosperous port since ancient times. Its unique circular harbor was preserved even after modern port facilities were introduced. Tomonoura lies within Tomokōen (鞆公園), which forms part of the Setonaikai National Park. In 2007, the port was listed as one of the top 100 scenic municipalities in Japan and its harbor was listed as one of the top 100 historical natural features in Japan.

There are many historical temples and shrines around Tomonoura, and the area is famous for red sea bream (真鯛, Madai) fishing.

Fukuyama, Hiroshima
Fukuyama (福山市, Fukuyama-shi) is a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 459,160 in 214259 households and a population density of 890 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 518.14 square kilometres (200.05 sq mi). After Hiroshima, it is the largest city in Hiroshima Prefecture. The city's symbol is the rose and it holds an annual Rose Festival in the month of May. The official mascot of Fukuyama is an anthropomorphic rose child by the name of Rola.
John Goucher
John Franklin Goucher (/ˈɡaʊtʃər/ ⓘ GOW-chər; June 7, 1845 – July 19, 1922) was an American Methodist pastor and missionary and the namesake of Goucher College, formerly the Women's College of Baltimore City. He was one of the college's co-founders along with fellow clergyman John B. Van Meter and served as its second president.

John B. Van Meter
John Blackford Van Meter (September 6, 1842 – April 8, 1930) was an American Methodist minister, educator, and the co-founder of Goucher College. Van Meter also served as the college's first dean and as acting president from 1911 to 1913.
Masonic Temple (Long Beach, California)
The Masonic Temple at 230 Pine Ave. in downtown Long Beach, California was built in 1903.  It is listed on the List of City of Long Beach historic landmarks.

It is "one of the last remaining examples of eminent local architect Henry F. Starbuck, who designed many of the city's turn-of-the-century buildings."

It was renovated and restored in the 1980s, and was remodelled in the 1990s for use by Z Gallerie, a store. It later became an events venue. It is now home to the Altar Society Brewing & Coffee Company.

Downtown Long Beach
Downtown Long Beach, California, United States is the location for most of the city's major tourist attractions, municipal services and for numerous businesses. There are many hotels and restaurants in the area that serve locals, tourists, and convention visitors.
Lit Brothers
Lit Brothers was a moderately-priced department store based in Philadelphia. Samuel and Jacob Lit opened the first store at Market and N. 8th streets in 1891. Lits positioned itself well as a more affordable alternate to its upscale competitors Strawbridge and Clothier, John Wanamaker, and Gimbels. The store's slogan was "A Great Store in A Great City," and it was noted for its millinery department.

The Lit Brother Store building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and is located in the East Center City Commercial Historic District.

East Center City Commercial Historic District
The East Center City Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located in the Washington Square neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It encompasses 287 contributing structures, including large and small commercial buildings, banks, hotels, newspapers, clubs, and restaurants.

This district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and underwent boundary adjustments in 2018.
Zamana Kya Kahega
Zamana Kya Kahega is a Pakistani film directed by Iqbal Yousuf, son of veteran filmmaker S. M. Yusuf who co-produced it as well under banner F&Y Movies.

Story writer was Fayyaz Hashmi with screenplay by Hasrat Lakhnavi. The film stars Shamim Ara, Kamal and Lehri. The soundtrack was composed by Muslehuddin.

It was released on 10 November 1961, and became a moderate success at the box office.

It was Yousuf's second film after his directorial debut Raat Ke Rahi (1960) which failed at Box office despite having similar genre of a spy film. It was also among his commercially successful films as his later venture Daal Mein Kala (1962) also got flop. The film was selected to exhibit in Tehran, Damascus, Beirut and Ankara in 1965 to explore the market of Lollywood. The film received 2 Nigar Awards in different categories.

Fayyaz Hashmi
Fayyaz Hashmi (Urdu: فیاض ہاشمی; 1920 – 2011) was a Pakistani poet and screenwriter who worked both in the Indian and Pakistani film industry.

He penned some memorable songs such as the famous nazm Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo and Tasveer teri dil mera behela nah sakegi. The latter made the singer Talat Mahmood famous in India back in 1944 and was instrumental in introducing him to the Calcutta film industry.

A little known fact about Hashmi is that he wrote the famous 'Na tum mere na dil mera', that was sung by Kamla Jharia, among many others. One of the couplets from this ghazal became popular that reads:

'aye bas naadaniyon par apni naaz karte hain,
abhi dekhi kahan hain aapne naadaniyan meri'

'Dil Ko Hai Tum Se Pyar Kyoon, Yeh Na Bata Sakoon Ga Mein' sung by Jag Mohan

and then.....

"Yeh Raatein, Yeh Mausam, Yeh Hansana Hansaana, 
Mujhe Bhool Jana, Inhein Na Bhulana" sung by Pankaj Mullick (a non-film song).
United National Party
The United National Party (UNP; Sinhala: එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය, romanized: Eksath Jāthika Pakshaya, Tamil: ஐக்கிய தேசியக் கட்சி, romanized: Aikkiya Tēciyak Kaṭci) is a centre-right political party in Sri Lanka. Founded in 1946, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties for several decades, serving as either the country's ruling party or as part of its governing coalition for several periods of the country's independent history. After suffering a major split in the lead-up to the 2020 parliamentary elections, the UNP saw a collapse in parliament, with the party only winning one national list seat and losing all its votes to the new Samagi Jana Balawegaya alliance. Currently, the UNP is a notable third party in Sri Lankan politics.

The UNP has been led by former president Ranil Wickremesinghe since 1994. The party is a member of the International Democracy Union.

Mahajana Eksath Peramuna
The Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front) is a political party in Sri Lanka. The party is currently led by former prime minister Dinesh Gunawardena, son of Philip Gunawardena, the founder of the party.
John Dalley
John Dalley (born 3 March 1935) is an American violinist. He was raised in a musical family. His father was an orchestra conductor, violinist, composer, instrumental teacher, and music educator. His mother, from Bloomington, Illinois, was a cellist, music teacher, and music publisher.

Budapest String Quartet
The Budapest String Quartet was a string quartet in existence from 1917 to 1967.  It originally consisted of three Hungarians and a Dutchman; at the end, the quartet consisted of four Russians.  A number of recordings were made for His Master's Voice and RCA Victor through 1938; from 1940 through 1967 it recorded for Columbia Records. Additionally, several of the Quartet's live performances were recorded, at the Library of Congress and other venues.
Walking After You
"Walking After You" is a song by Foo Fighters and appears on the band's 1997 album The Colour and the Shape. In 1998 a re-recorded version appeared on The X-Files: The Album, the soundtrack to the original X-Files movie, and was released as a single.

The X-Files: The Album
The X-Files: The Album is a 1998 soundtrack album released to accompany the film The X-Files. Released on June 2, 1998, the album features songs by various artists, including several who had contributed to the earlier album Songs in the Key of X: Music from and Inspired by the X-Files, and consists mostly of cover versions or reworkings of earlier material.

The X-Files: The Album received mostly positive criticism upon its release, and charted in several countries worldwide, recording a peak position of number 5 in New Zealand.
Peter Bernreuther
Peter Bernreuther (born 26 December 1946) is a retired West German sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres. He was born in Wurzburg, Germany.

At the 1968 European Indoor Games, he won a silver medal in the 4 × 364 metres relay, together with Horst Daverkausen, Ingo Röper and Martin Jellinghaus. At the 1972 European Indoor Championships he won a silver medal in the 4 × 360 metres relay, together with Rolf Krüsmann, Georg Nückles and Ulrich Reich.

In domestic competitions, Bernreuther represented the sports clubs SB DJK Würzburg and later TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen. He became West German indoor champion in 1969 and 1970.

Ulrich Reich
Ulrich Reich (born 10 May 1951) is a retired West German sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.

As a teenager he won the silver medal at the 1970 European Junior Championships.

At the 1972 European Indoor Championships he won the silver medal in the 400 metres race. He also won a silver medal in the 4 × 360 metres relay, together with Peter Bernreuther, Rolf Krüsmann and Georg Nückles. He repeated the relay silver in 1973, this time with new teammates: Falko Geiger, Karl Honz and Hermann Köhler.

In domestic competitions, he represented the sports club TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen. He won the silver medal at the 1972 West German indoor championships.