hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
America 250 - Colorado 150 Commission
America 250 - Colorado 150 Commission is the US state of Colorado's initiative to celebrate United States Semiquincentennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence and Colorado's Sesquicentennial. The twin commemorations started in July 2025 and end on December 31, 2026. Established by the Colorado General Assembly and Colorado Governor Jared Polis, History Colorado hosts the commission.

United States Semiquincentennial
The United States Semiquincentennial, also called the Bisesquicentennial, the Sestercentennial, or the Quarter Millennium, will be the 250th anniversary of the United States Declaration of Independence. Festivities will mark various events leading up to the Declaration's anniversary on the 250th Independence Day: July 4, 2026.

Official planning for the celebrations began in 2016 with the congressional, non-partisan United States Semiquincentennial Commission. In 2025, President Donald Trump created the White House Task Force on Celebrating America's 250th Birthday to also promote and plan the events. An unofficial "soft launch" of celebrations began with the United States Army 250th Anniversary Parade on June 14, 2025. America250 events formally began on the eve of July 4, 2025.
William Camden (merchant)
William Camden (1730s – 1796) was an English merchant who was a partner in the slave-trading partnership of Camden, Calvert and King. He was also in partnership with his brother, John Camden, in the family sugar-refining business, and had business connections with prominent German and Huguenot families in east London.

Camden, Calvert and King
Camden, Calvert and King was an eighteenth-century partnership that traded in London from 1760 to 1824, transporting slaves and later convicts.  The partners' profits from slave trading created capital to fund other ventures including the East Indies trade, supplying the British army and navy with food, insurance underwriting and the status to obtain positions in important London organisations including the Corporation of London, Bank of England, East India Company, African Company of Merchants and Trinity House.
Borgo Santa Rita
Borgo Santa Rita is a village in Tuscany, central Italy,  administratively a frazione of the comune of Cinigiano, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 34.

Borgo Santa Rita is about 33 km from Grosseto and 10 km from Cinigiano. It is situated along the provincial road which links the Grosseto-Siena highway to the Mount Amiata. The whole territory was property of the counts of Poggio alle Mura during the Middle Ages, but the modern village was born as a result of the land reform in the early 1960s.

Sasso d'Ombrone
Sasso d'Ombrone is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Cinigiano, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 300.

Sasso d'Ombrone is about 33 km from Grosseto and 8 km from Cinigiano, and it is situated along the road which links Cinigiano to the Cipressino Provincial Road at Paganico, on a hill in the valley of Ombrone.
Chelonanthus
Chelonanthus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gentianaceae.

Its native range is Tropical America.

Species:

Chelonanthus hamatus Lepis

Chelonanthus longistylus (J.G.M.Pers. & Maas) Struwe & V.A.Albert

Chelonanthus matogrossensis (J.G.M.Pers. & Maas) Struwe & V.A.Albert

Chelonanthus pterocaulis Lepis

Chelonanthus purpurascens (Aubl.) Struwe, S.Nilsson & V.A.Albert

Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 105 genera and about 1650 species. Species in this family inhabit every continent except the antarctic, and have been used around the world for centuries as traditional medicine.
Gustafson's law
In computer architecture, Gustafson's law (or Gustafson–Barsis's law) gives the speedup in the execution time of a task that theoretically gains from parallel computing, using a hypothetical run of the task on a single-core machine as the baseline. To put it another way, it is the theoretical "slowdown" of an already parallelized task if running on a serial machine. It is named after computer scientist John L. Gustafson and his colleague Edwin H. Barsis, and was presented in the article Reevaluating Amdahl's Law in 1988.

In contrast to Amdahl’s law, which assumes a fixed problem size and yields pessimistic scaling, Gustafson’s law assumes that problem sizes grow with available computational resources, allowing much greater effective speedup from parallel execution.

Speedup
In computer architecture, speedup is a number that measures the relative performance of two systems processing the same problem. More technically, it is the improvement in speed of execution of a task executed on two similar architectures with different resources. The notion of speedup was established by Amdahl's law, which was particularly focused on parallel processing. However, speedup can be used more generally to show the effect on performance after any resource enhancement.
Těrlicko Reservoir
Těrlicko Reservoir (Czech: vodní nádrž Těrlicko) is a water reservoir and dam in Těrlicko in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It was built on the Stonávka River in 1955–1964 on an area of 2.68 km2 (1.03 sq mi).

Construction of the dam had major impact on the municipality of Těrlicko. 141 buildings were sunk, including many community buildings and also a church. Těrlicko was eventually transformed into a village with many tourist attractions. Many recreational centres were built. The reservoir is a popular spot for water sports, and is also used to supply water for nearby coal mines and Třinec Iron and Steel Works.

Těrlicko
Těrlicko (Czech pronunciation: [ˈcɛrlɪtsko]; Polish: Cierlicko, German: Tierlitzko) is a municipality in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,900 inhabitants.
Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Anne Arundel County (listenⓘ; /əˈrʌndəl/), also notated as AA or A.A. County, is located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 588,261, an increase of just under 10% since 2010. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state. The county is named for Anne Arundell (c. 1615/1616–1649), Lady Baltimore, a member of the Arundell family in Cornwall, England, and the wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), founder and first lord proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Anne Arundel County is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington combined statistical area.

Maryland Route 3
Maryland Route 3 (MD 3), part of the Robert Crain Highway, is the designation given to the former alignment of U.S. Route 301 (US 301) from Bowie, Maryland, United States, to Baltimore.  It is named for Robert Crain of Baltimore.  It is unique in Maryland in that it has a business route and a truck route which do not connect to their parent; however, the business route is also a part of the Robert Crain Highway.  MD 3's current orientation is vestigial from the construction of Maryland's freeway system.
James Hanna (trader)
James Hanna (died 1787) was the first European to sail to the Pacific Northwest to trade in furs. This maritime fur trade was an important factor in the early history of the Pacific Northwest and the westward expansion of the United States and Canada.

Maritime fur trade
The maritime fur trade, a ship-based fur trade system, focused largely on acquiring furs of sea otters and other animals from the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast and Alaska Natives. Entrepreneurs also exploited fur-bearing skins from the wider Pacific (from, for example, the Juan Fernández fur seal) and from the Southern Ocean.

The trade mostly serviced the market in Qing China, which imported furs and exported tea, silks, porcelain, and other Chinese goods, which were then sold in Europe and in the United States.
Meterik
Meterik (Limburgish: De Miëterik)  is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Horst aan de Maas, bordering rich farmland to the north and a moor called De Peel to the west. Meterik is located along a brook, the Kabroekse beek, which provides fertile grazing lands.

On 1 January 2019, Meterik had 1,627 inhabitants. Meterik is the ancestral home of astronomer Peter Jenniskens. The village is known as a haven for temporary workers for seasonal work in the agricultural sector. Currently, many of the workers are from Bulgaria and Romania.

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas (Dutch: [ˈɦɔrst aːn də ˈmaːs] ⓘ; Limburgish: Haors aan de Maos [ˈɦɔːʀs aːn də ˈmɔːs]) is a municipality in the southeastern Netherlands, in the province of Limburg. In 2010 the municipalities Sevenum and part of Meerlo-Wanssum joined the municipality.
The Hub (forum)
The Hub is a discussion forum on Tor hidden services on the dark web focused on darknet market reviews, cryptocurrency and security.

Second in popularity only to reddit's /r/DarkNetMarkets, the site was launched in January 2014 as a more secure, verifiable and discreetly moderated alternative. Vendors must be verified prior to getting a vendor status on the forum. The Hub has hosted Dr. Fernando Caudevilla, 'DoctorX' as an adviser for the site's drug users who has answered more than a thousand questions in the forums of the original Silk Road and Silk Road 2.0 and the site has an ongoing harm reduction and drug awareness program.

Darknet market
A darknet market is a commercial website on the dark web that operates via darknets such as Tor and I2P. They function primarily as black markets, selling or brokering transactions involving drugs, cyber-arms, weapons, counterfeit currency, stolen credit card details, forged documents, unlicensed pharmaceuticals, steroids, and other illicit goods as well as the sale of legal products. In December 2014, a study by Gareth Owen from the University of Portsmouth suggested the second most popular sites on Tor were darknet markets.

Following on from the model developed by Silk Road, contemporary markets are characterized by their use of darknet anonymized access (typically Tor), Bitcoin or Monero payment with escrow services, and eBay-like vendor feedback systems.
Awash, Ethiopia
Awash Subah is a market town in central Ethiopia.  Located in Administrative Zone 3 of the Afar Region, above a gorge on the Awash River, after which the town is named, the town lies on the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway, which crosses the gorge by a bridge there. It is the largest settlement in Awash Fentale woreda.

Awash lies outside the Awash National Park, which is known for its wildlife, for the Mount Fentale caldera and for the Filwoha Hot Springs. Its market is held on Mondays, where Afar and Kereyu crafts can be found.

Awash National Park
Awash National Park is a national park in Ethiopia. Located at the border of Oromia state and Afar state, the park covers an area of 827 km2 (319 sq mi), most of it lies at an altitude of 900 m (3,000 ft). Spanning across the southern tip of the Afar Region and the northeastern corner of the East Shewa Zone of Oromia, this park is 225 km (140 mi) east of Addis Ababa (and a few kilometers west of Awash and east of Metehara).

The park is best known for its rich biodiversity and rural landscapes.

The region is subject to a bimodal rainfall pattern a rainy season followed by a dominant dry season which can last up to 10 months.
Minute Man
The Minute Man was a passenger train operated by the Boston and Maine Railroad between Boston, Massachusetts, and Troy, New York. It was the railroad's flagship train on the Fitchburg Division and offered through cars with the New York Central Railroad for service to points west. The Minute Man was introduced in 1926 and discontinued in 1958.

Boston and Maine Railroad
The Boston and Maine Railroad (reporting mark BM; commonly known as Boston & Maine, abbreviated B&M) was a U.S. Class I railroad in northern New England. It was chartered in 1835, and became part of what was the Pan Am Railways network in 1983, most of which was purchased by CSX in 2022.

At the end of 1970, B&M operated 1,515 route-miles (2,438 km) on 2,481 miles (3,993 km) of track, not including Springfield Terminal. That year, it reported 2,774 million ton-miles (4,464 million kilometres) of revenue freight and 92 million passenger-miles (148 million kilometres).
Misawa Air Base
Misawa Air Base (三沢飛行場, Misawa Hikōjō) (IATA: MSJ, ICAO: RJSM) is an air base of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF), the United States Air Force, and the United States Navy located in Misawa, Aomori, in the northern part of the island of Honshū of Japan. It is located 684 km (425 mi) north of Tokyo at the "Tip of the Spear". It is a Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) facility with the 35th Fighter Wing (35 FW, about 48 F-16 aircraft split among the 13th and 14th Fighter Squadrons) as its host wing. It hosts both Japanese and American troops.

Lake Ogawara
Lake Ogawara (小川原湖, Ogawarako) is Japan's eleventh largest lake (by area) and the largest in Aomori Prefecture. It spans the boundaries of the city of Misawa, the town of Tōhoku, and the village of Rokkasho in Kamikita District.
The Passions (British band)
The Passions were a British-Irish post-punk/new wave band which formed in 1978 and disbanded in 1983. The Passions' music was grounded mainly in Barbara Gogan's voice and Clive Timperley's delicate Echoplex guitar work. They were considered a one-hit wonder due to their early 1981 single "I'm in Love with a German Film Star".

Fiction Records
Fiction Records is a British record label founded by Chris Parry in 1978, owned by Universal Music Group and based in the United Kingdom. It is best known for being the home of the Cure for over 20 years. It was originally a part of Polydor, but in January 2014, Universal restructured Fiction as a standalone label, removing it from Polydor's corporate affiliation. Fiction repertoire is now released internationally through Virgin (ex-North America).
Dimitrije Živković
Dimitrije Živković was an Army general (Kingdom of Yugoslavia) in the Royal Yugoslav Army (VKJ) who commanded the 6th Army during the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia of April 1941 during World War II. Živković's command consisted of the Banat, Srem, Dunav, Krajina and Cer Divisions, and the 2nd Cavalry Division. The 6th Army was originally intended to form the strategic reserve for the VKJ. It was deployed around Belgrade and in the Banat region east of the Tisza. It held two infantry divisions in reserve in the lower Morava valley.

Army general (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
Army general (Serbo-Croatian Latin: Armijski đeneral) was a military rank of the Kingdom of Serbia and later Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Established in 1900, it was abolished for some period after 1901, but it was again created in Kingdom of Yugoslavia after 1918 as Kingdom of Serbia passed along insignia and military ranks to newly named state. It was a high rank for Yugoslav generals, inferior only to the Vojvoda. Yugoslav army generals commanded armies, group of armies and held position of Deputy Commander in Chief of the Yugoslav Armed Forces, Chief of the Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force and Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army. It was adopted and based on the similar French "commandant d'armée" later known as "général d'armée " - Army general.
Unida
Unida (/juːˈniːdə/) is an American stoner rock band formed in 1998. The band's current line-up consists of Mark Sunshine, Arthur Seay, Miguel Cancino and Collyn McCoy. Their debut album, Coping with the Urban Coyote, was released in 1999. A follow-up album, initially titled The Great Divide and later titled For the Working Man, was recorded in the early 2000s, but has remained unreleased.

Unida/Dozer
Unida/Dozer (The Best of Wayne-Gro/Coming Down the Mountain) is a split EP featuring the stoner rock bands Dozer and Unida. It is one of the first releases for both bands and was released in 1999 by MeteorCity and re-issued in 2006.

The first press of the vinyl version is limited to 1,000 copies on red vinyl. The second press is also only 1,000 copies but on marbled white and black vinyl. Both vinyl versions come with a poster advertising the Unida/Dozer split EP and Nebula/Lowrider split EP as well as the Unida/Nebula 1999 Tour.
Matteuccio
Matteo Sassano, called Matteuccio (1667 - 15 October 1737), was a famous Italian castrato, also called "the nightingale of Naples" (il rosignuolo di Napoli) because of his extremely beautiful soprano voice and virtuoso singing.

Farinelli
Farinelli (Italian pronunciation: [fariˈnɛlli]; 24 January 1705 – 16 September 1782) was the stage name of Carlo Maria Michelangelo Nicola Broschi (pronounced [ˈkarlo ˈbrɔski]), a celebrated Italian castrato singer of the 18th century and one of the greatest singers in the history of opera, composer, and musician. Farinelli was a soprano castrato, with a range from approximately F3-D6.
Henry C. Wolf Law Library
The Wolf Law Library is located at the College of William & Mary's School of Law in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. It contains a 380,000 volume collection and is a member of the Consortium of Southeastern Law Libraries.

In 2008, The Princeton Review rated William & Mary's collective library system as the eighth best in the country and number one in the state of Virginia for a university system. The ranking was based on a survey of 120,000 students from 368 campuses nationwide.

William & Mary Law School
William & Mary Law School, formally the Marshall-Wythe School of Law, is the law school of the College of William & Mary, a public research university in Williamsburg, Virginia. It is the oldest extant law school in the United States, having been founded in 1779 at the urging of William & Mary alumnus Thomas Jefferson. As of 2023, it has an enrollment of 606 full-time students seeking a Juris Doctor (J.D.) or a Master of Laws (LL.M.) in the American legal system, a two or three semester program for lawyers trained outside the United States.
Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas
The Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas (Latin: Archidioecesis Kansanopolitana in Kansas) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical province, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church in eastern Kansas in the United States.

The archbishop's episcopal seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter in Kansas City, Kansas. The Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas is a metropolitan see. Its metropolitan archbishop oversees an ecclesiastical province with three suffragan dioceses: the Dioceses of Dodge City, Salina, and Wichita.

James Patrick Keleher
James Patrick Keleher (July 31, 1931 – November 9, 2024) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Belleville in Illinois from 1984 to 1993 and as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas from 1993 to 2005.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21; NATO reporting name: Fishbed) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Its nicknames include: "Balalaika", because its planform resembles the stringed musical instrument of the same name; "Ołówek", Polish for "pencil", due to the shape of its fuselage, and "Én Bạc", meaning "silver swallow", in Vietnamese.

Approximately 60 countries across four continents have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations seven decades after its maiden flight. It set aviation records, becoming the most-produced supersonic jet aircraft in aviation history, the most-produced combat aircraft since the Korean War and, previously, the longest production run of any combat aircraft.

K-13 (missile)
The Vympel K-13 (NATO reporting name: AA-2 "Atoll") is a short-range, infrared homing air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Union. The K-13 is a reverse engineered copy of the American AIM-9 Sidewinder, hence the similar appearance. Although it since has been replaced by more modern missiles in front-line service, it has seen widespread service with many nations.
Reinsfjellet
Reinsfjellet is a mountain in Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 994-metre (3,261 ft) tall mountain is the third tallest mountain in the municipality. It is located on the Romsdal peninsula about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast of the village of Torvikbukt and the Batnfjorden. The village of Heggem lies 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) to the southwest and Angvika lies 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast.

There is a road that goes all the way to the top, where there is a communications tower for radio and television.

Heggem
Heggem (or Osmarka) is a village in Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the village of Torvikbukt and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the village of Angvika. The Osmarka Chapel is located here. The village has a good view of the mountain Reinsfjellet, located to the northeast.
Masood Azhar
Muhammad Masood Azhar Alvi (born 10 July or 7 August 1968) is a Pakistani militant leader, who is the founder and  current leader of militant organisation Jaish-e-Mohammed, a Pakistan-based Islamic Deobandi jihadist organisation. His actions are not limited to the South Asian region; for instance, BBC News described him as "the man who brought jihad to Britain". On 1 May 2019, he was listed as an international terrorist by the United Nations Security Council.

Bahawalpur
Bahawalpur (Urdu: بہاول پور; Urdu pronunciation: [bəɦɑːwəlˈpuːɾ]) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 13th most populous city of Pakistan and 8th most populous of Punjab. Bahawalpur is the capital of Bahawalpur Division.

Founded in 1748 by the Daudpotra family of Sindh, Bahawalpur was the capital of the former princely state of Bahawalpur, ruled by the Nawabs of Bahawalpur until 1955. The Nawabs left a rich architectural legacy, and Bahawalpur is known for its monuments dating from that period. The city lies at the edge of the Cholistan Desert, and serves as the gateway to the nearby Lal Suhanra National Park.
Silver Star (NZR train)
The Silver Star was a luxury passenger train that ran overnight between Auckland and Wellington on the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) railway of New Zealand, operated by New Zealand Railways (NZR). The train ran from Monday 6 September 1971 until Sunday 8 June 1979. It replaced the Night Limited express passenger trains which provided a faster service than the ordinary express trains, by stopping at only six intermediate stations (Palmerston North, Marton, Taumarunui, Taihape, Te Kuiti, Frankton) en route and not hauling a postal (sorting) van as on previous trains.

Designed as a "hotel on wheels", the service was unsuccessful and attempts to re-use the rolling stock were thwarted by the presence of asbestos in the carriages. NZR eventually sold the carriages to the Eastern and Oriental Express, where they remain in use.

New Zealand DX class locomotive
The New Zealand DX class locomotive is a type of diesel-electric locomotive that currently operates on New Zealand's national railway network. There are 49 of the locomotives and all are owned by KiwiRail. They have a Co-Co wheel arrangement.

Built by GE Transportation in Erie, Pennsylvania, United States, they were introduced to New Zealand between 1972 and 1976. The class is based on the General Electric U26C model, a narrow-gauge version of the GE U23C model. The locomotives are regarded as one of the most successful purchases in NZR's history.

The locomotives have seen several upgrades since their introduction and three sub-classes now exist: the DXB, DXC and DXR. In 2025, it was announced that 46 of the locomotives had been sold to a South African purchaser, Traxtion.