hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kenzan
A kenzan (剣山), also called a spiky frog or pin frog, is a device used in flower arranging (especially ikebana, or Japanese flower arranging) for fixing the flowers in the container. It consists of a heavy plate, usually lead, with erected needles often made of brass where stipes are fixed.

The name kenzan (剣山) literally means sword mountain.  It was introduced for use in ikebana, especially the Moribana style of ikebana.

Another type of flower holder without spikes but only holes is called shippo dome (七宝留め) and is used by the Saga Go-ryū school and sometimes other schools of ikebana, as well as other kinds of flower arranging. These can be made from pottery, metal, plastic, or glass.

Ikebana
Ikebana (生け花, 活け花, 'arranging flowers' or 'making flowers alive') is the Japanese art of flower arrangement. It is also known as kadō (花道, 'way of flowers'). The origin of ikebana can be traced back to the ancient Japanese custom of erecting evergreen trees and decorating them with flowers as Yorishiro to invite the gods.

Later, flower arrangements were instead used to adorn the tokonoma (alcove) of a traditional Japanese home.

Ikebana is counted as one of the three classical Japanese arts of refinement, along with kōdō for incense appreciation and chadō for tea and the tea ceremony.
Lionel Cliffe
Lionel R Cliffe (1936 – 24 October 2013) was an English political economist and activist whose work focused on the struggle for land rights and freedom in Africa from the 1960s. He was Professor of Politics at the University of Leeds.

Ray Bush
Raymond Carey Bush is a professor of African studies at the school of politics and international studies (POLIS) at the University of Leeds. He is a member of the Leeds University Centre for African Studies (LUCAS) advisory board and deputy chair of the Review of African Political Economy (ROAPE). Bush is married to Dr. Mette Wiggen, a fellow academic at POLIS.
Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. It had a population of 21,956 at the 2020 census. A historic seaport and popular summer tourist destination on the Piscataqua River bordering the state of Maine, Portsmouth was formerly the home of the Pease Air Force Base, since converted to Portsmouth International Airport at Pease.

John Paul Jones House
The John Paul Jones House is a historic house at 43 Middle Street in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.  Now a historic house museum and a National Historic Landmark, it is where American Revolutionary War naval hero John Paul Jones, resided from 1781 to 1782 when it was operated as a boarding house. He also lived in a home in Fredericksburg, Virginia, on Caroline Street, owned by his brother.
Fridericus Rex
Fridericus Rex (German: Fridericus Rex - 1. Teil: Sturm und Drang) is a 1922 German silent historical film directed by Arzén von Cserépy and starring Otto Gebühr, Albert Steinrück and Gertrud de Lalsky.

It portrays the life of the eighteenth century monarch Frederick the Great. Immensely popular, it was followed by three sequels and launched the Prussian film as a major German genre during the Weimar era.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Dreier and Ernö Metzner. The film was shot at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. Location filming took place at the Charlottenburg Palace and other sites around historic Brandenburg.

Prussian film
Prussian films were a cycle of historical films made in Germany during the Weimar (1918–1933) and Nazi (1933–1945) eras noted for their general glorification of Prussian history and its military. The films are set during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They particularly focused on Frederick the Great, who ruled Prussia from 1740 to 1786 greatly expanding its territory (hence known widely as Fridericus-Rex-Filme). The films were extremely popular with German audiences and an estimated forty four were produced by the end of the Second World War (twenty-seven of them during the Weimar era).
Rancho El Toro
Rancho El Toro was a 5,668-acre (22.94 km2) Mexican land grant in present day Monterey County, California given in 1835 by Governor José Castro to José Ramón Estrada.   The grant extended along Toro Creek south of  Hill Town on the Salinas River.

Rancho Buena Vista (Soberanes)
Rancho Buena Vista was a 8,446-acre (34.18 km2) Spanish land concession in the Salinas Valley, in present day Monterey County, California given in 1795 to Jose Maria Soberanes and Joaquin Castro.  The grant was just south of Spreckels.
James J. Kuffner Jr.
James J. Kuffner Jr. (born 1971) is an American roboticist and former chief executive officer (CEO) of Woven by Toyota.
 
Dr. Kuffner is also Chief Digital Officer and a member of the Board of Directors of Toyota Motor Corporation.   Kuffner continues to serve as an Adjunct Associate Professor at the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University and as Executive Advisor to Woven by Toyota.  
Kuffner earned a Ph.D. from the Stanford University Dept. of Computer Science Robotics Laboratory in 1999.

Woven by Toyota, Inc.
Woven by Toyota, Inc. is the mobility technology subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation, creating and managing the software for Toyota's vehicle operating system, automated driving, and safety. It has founded and managed an investment fund, Woven Capital.
2008 Angolan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Angola on 5 and 6 September 2008, as announced by President José Eduardo dos Santos on 27 December 2007. They were the first since the 1992 general elections, which had led to the outbreak of the second phase of the Angolan Civil War, which continued until 2002.

The results showed the ruling People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) winning 82% of the vote 
and 191 of 220 seats in the Parliament of Angola. The main opposition UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) won 10%. The international response was mixed, with the European Commission, the United States and the Southern African Development Community praising the elections as generally fair, while Human Rights Watch has questioned the legitimacy of this result. UNITA accepted the MPLA's victory.

Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos
Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (5 March 1950 – 18 December 2025), known as Nandó, was an Angolan politician who was the first vice president of Angola from February 2010 to September 2012. He was the prime minister of Angola from 2002 to 2008 and president of the National Assembly of Angola from 2008 to 2010. He again served as president of the National Assembly from 2012 to 2022.
KMRX
KMRX (96.1 FM, "Big 96.1") is a classic hits music formatted radio station located and licensed in El Dorado, Arkansas, and serves North Louisiana and South Arkansas.  The station is owned and operated by Noalmark Broadcasting Corporation.

The station was assigned the KMRX call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on July 5, 2004.

When its call letters were KXZX, the station originally had a HAC format and was branded as "96X". When the call letters changed to KMRX, the station was rebranded as "Mix 96.1" and then "Power 96.1". The station aired The Kidd Kraddick Morning Show during this time. In 2017 when the station switched its format to classic hits and became "Big 96.1", the HAC format moved to KELD-FM which rebranded as "106.5 the Planet".

KMRX is managed by J.J. Cook.
Operations Manager is J. Randal Harvey.

El Dorado, Arkansas
El Dorado (locally /ɛl dʌˈreɪdoʊ/ el durr-AY-doh) is a city in and the county seat of Union County, on the southern border of Arkansas, United States. According to the 2020 census, the population of the city is 17,755.

El Dorado is headquarters of the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission as well as Murphy USA, Deltic Timber Corporation and a DelekUS oil refinery. The city has a downtown arts district, the Murphy Arts District (MAD); a community college, South Arkansas College (SouthArk); and a multi-cultural arts center, South Arkansas Arts Center (SAAC). El Dorado is the population, cultural and business center of south central Arkansas.

The city was the heart of the 1920s oil boom in the area. During World War II, it became a center of the chemical industry, which still plays a part in the economy, as do oil and timber.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, abbreviated as 2-DE or 2-D electrophoresis, is a form of gel electrophoresis commonly used to analyze proteins. Mixtures of proteins are separated by two properties in two dimensions on 2D gels. 2-DE was independently introduced in 1969 by Macko and Stegemann (working with potato proteins) and Dale and Latner (working with serum).

Isoelectric focusing
Isoelectric focusing (IEF), also known as electrofocusing, is a technique for separating different charged molecules by differences in their isoelectric point (pI). It is a type of zone electrophoresis usually performed on proteins in a gel that takes advantage of the fact that overall charge on the molecule of interest, i.e. the net charge density, is a function of the pH of its surroundings.
Sahmyook University
Sahmyook University (Korean: 삼육대학교; Hanja: 三育大學校) is a private Christian, coeducational university located in Nowon-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Sahmyook University is part of a worldwide network of Seventh-day Adventist institutions of higher education. The school was founded in 1906 as Euimyung College in Sunahn, Pyeongan-namdo in what would become today's North Korea. It is today the largest university owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. As of 2016, the university had 6 colleges, including the College of Theology, Humanities & Social Science and Health Science & Social Welfare in addition to 4 graduate schools.

Nowon District
Nowon District (Korean: 노원구; RR: Nowon-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea, located in the most northeastern part of the metropolitan city. It is considered to be a residental district, due to its high concentration of apartments and residental buildings. It has the highest population density in Seoul, with 619,509 people living in the area of 35.44 square kilometres (13.68 sq mi).
North Shore TV
NSTV, also known as North Shore TV, is a public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable television network, cablecasting on Channel 20 Cablevision (Altice USA) and Channel 37 Verizon FiOS in 14 incorporated villages within the Great Neck and Manhasset areas of Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States.

Public-access television
Public-access television (sometimes called community-access television) is traditionally a form of non-commercial mass media where the general public can create content television programming which is narrowcast through cable television specialty channels. Public-access television was created in the United States between 1969 and 1971 by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), under Chairman Dean Burch, based on pioneering work and advocacy of George Stoney, Red Burns (Alternate Media Center), and Sidney Dean (City Club of NY).

Public-access television is often grouped with public, educational, and government access television channels, under the acronym PEG.
Vine Street (Philadelphia)
Vine Street is a major east-west street in Center City Philadelphia. It begins at the Delaware River and proceeds west to 20th Street, where it merges with the Benjamin Franklin Parkway.

In West Philadelphia, it begins again near the intersection of 52nd Street and Haverford Avenue and ends just past 66th Street in Cobbs Creek Park. Vine Street is non-continuous between 5th and 7th Streets because of the Vine Street Expressway and the approach to Benjamin Franklin Bridge, which connects Center City Philadelphia with Camden, New Jersey.

It was part of Philadelphia's original street plan, laid out by William Penn and Thomas Holme in 1682, and remained the northern border of the City of Philadelphia until 1854.

It forms the northern border of Franklin Square and Logan Circle. Parkway Central Library, the main branch of the Free Library of Philadelphia system, and the now-vacant Family Court Building both have their main entrances on Vine Street.

Family Court Building
The Philadelphia Family Court Building, also known as Juvenile and Domestic Branches of the Municipal Court, is a historic building in Center City Philadelphia and registered under National Park Service's, National Register of Historic Places.

The building was constructed between 1938 and 1941 and was occupied on November 25, 1940 by the Juvenile and Domestic Branches of the Municipal Court, later known as the Philadelphia Family Court. In 2014, the Philadelphia Family Court moved to a new location on Arch Street. As of 2017, the building remains unoccupied. In 2020, the City of Philadelphia rescinded a contract with The Peebles Corporation to renovate the building after years of delay.

On August 11, 2022, the City of Philadelphia announced that it would redevelop the Family Court Building to house the African American Museum in Philadelphia.
Alnwickhill
Alnwickhill (/ˈænɪkhɪl/ ⓘ AN-ik-hill) is a suburb of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It is on the southern edge of the city, approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) from the city centre. It neighbours the areas of Liberton and Kaimes.

The area is now primarily residential, but was the site of Backside Lee Farm until the 1970s when the land was sold to Crudens for development.

Liberton, Edinburgh
Liberton; Scots: Libby, is a suburb of Edinburgh  the capital of Scotland. It is in the south of the city, south of The Inch, east of the Braid Hills and west of Moredun.

Liberton Community council's area includes Liberton, Gracemount, Kaimes, Alnwickhill and Mortonhall. Historically the parish covered a wide area and included Burdiehouse, Gilmerton, Niddrie and Straiton.

Incorporated into the city in 1920, the area was once home to Arthur Conan Doyle, who lived in a small cottage near the Braid Burn, which is now inside the grounds of the Cameron Toll Shopping Centre car park and is now a small school.

Increased development in the area from the mid 1970s to current times has seen Liberton develop into a popular choice for homeowners with areas such as Double Hedges, Alnwickhill and Howdenhall often representing better value for money than locations closer to the city centre.
Gmajna, Ivančna Gorica
Gmajna (pronounced [ˈɡmaːi̯na], German: Gmaina) is a former village in central Slovenia in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica. It is now part of the village of Krka. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Krka, Ivančna Gorica
Krka (pronounced [ˈkəɾːka]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. It lies near the source of the Krka River, from which it gets its name. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Red Hat Cluster Suite
The Red Hat Cluster Suite (RHCS) includes software to create a high availability and load balancing cluster. Both can be used on the same system although this use case is unlikely.  Both products, the High Availability Add-On and Load Balancer Add-On, are based on open-source community projects. Red Hat Cluster developers contribute code upstream for the community. Computational clustering is not part of cluster suite, but instead provided by Red Hat MRG.

Pacemaker (software)
Pacemaker is an open-source high availability resource manager software used on computer clusters since 2004.  Until about 2007, it was part of the Linux-HA project, then was split out to be its own project.

It implements several APIs for controlling resources, but its preferred API for this purpose is the Open Cluster Framework resource
agent API.
2008 AFL season
The 2008 AFL season was the 112th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Australia, which was known as the Victorian Football League until 1989. The season featured sixteen clubs, ran from 20 March until 27 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top eight clubs. A significant feature of the season was the celebration of the 150th anniversary since the sport of Australian rules football was first established in 1858.

The premiership was won by the Hawthorn Football Club for the tenth time, after they defeated Geelong by 26 points in the 2008 AFL Grand Final.

2008 AFL Grand Final
The 2008 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between the Geelong Football Club and the Hawthorn Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 27 September 2008. It was the 112th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the Premiers for the 2008 AFL season. The match, attended by 100,012 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 26 points, marking that club's tenth premiership overall and first since 1991. Hawthorn's Luke Hodge was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.
Fulton County, Pennsylvania
Fulton County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,556, making it the fourth-least populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is McConnellsburg. The county was created on April 19, 1850, from a part of Bedford County and named after inventor Robert Fulton. The county is part of the south-central region of the commonwealth.

Wells Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania
Wells Township is a township in Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 499 at the 2020 census. Wells Township was initially settled in 1760. It was originally known as Aughwick Township when it was incorporated in 1849. The name was changed to Wells Township on April 2, 1850.
James Hartness
James Hartness (September 3, 1861 – February 2, 1934) was an American business executive, inventor, mechanical engineer, entrepreneur, amateur astronomer, and politician who served as the 58th governor of Vermont from 1921 to 1923.

Russell W. Porter
Russell Williams Porter (December 13, 1871 – February 22, 1949) was an American artist, engineer, architect, cartographer, amateur astronomer, and Arctic explorer. He was a pioneer in the field of cutaway drawing and is sometimes referred to as the "founder of amateur telescope making."
Merlin's Furlong
Merlin's Furlong is a 1953 mystery detective novel by the British writer Gladys Mitchell. It is the twenty sixth entry in her long-running series featuring the psychoanalyst and amateur detective Mrs Bradley.

Mrs Bradley
Beatrice Adela Bradley is a fictional detective created by Gladys Mitchell. Mrs (later Dame Beatrice) Bradley is Mitchell's most significant and long-lived character, appearing in 66 novels that were published between 1929 and 1975.
Mandaean Council of Ahvaz
The Mandaean Council of Ahvaz (Persian: انجمن صابئین مندایی, literally the Sabian–Mandaean Association of Ahvaz) is the main organization of the Mandaean religion and the primary authority of the Mandaean ethnic community in Ahvaz, Iran.

Salah Choheili
Rishama Salah Choheili (Persian: صلاح چحیلی; also known as Ganzibra Ṣalah Jabbar Ṭawus Choheili; Arabic: صلاح الكحيلي Salah Al-Kuhaili; born 1952, Ahvaz, Iran) is an Iranian Mandaean priest in Australia.: xxvii–xxxii  He is the head priest of Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi in Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia, as well as Wallacia Mandi in Wallacia, New South Wales.
R. J. Minney
Rubeigh James Minney (29 August 1895 – 5 January 1979) was a British film producer, journalist, playwright, editor and author. He was author of over 40 books including novels and biographies. As a film-maker and film producer, he worked with British film companies such as Gainsborough Pictures, and was invited to Hollywood by Darryl F. Zanuck. He was also a journalist in India and London, and editor of several newspapers.

Clive of India (film)
Clive of India is a 1935 American historical biographical film starring Ronald Colman about the life of Robert Clive. It was based on R. J. Minney's play of the same name, and was co-written by Minney and W. P. Lipscomb and directed by Richard Boleslawski. Colin Clive, who appears in the film, was a descendant of Clive.
Percy Fawcett
Percy Harrison Fawcett DSO (18 August 1867 – disappeared 29 May 1925) was a British geographer, artillery officer, cartographer/surveyor, archaeologist and explorer of South America. He disappeared in 1925 (along with his eldest son, Jack, and one of Jack's friends, Raleigh Rimmel) during an expedition to find an ancient lost city which he and others believed existed in the Amazon rainforest.

Kuhikugu
Kuhikugu is an archaeological site located in Brazil, at the headwaters of the Xingu River, in the Amazon rainforest. The area around Kuhikugu is located in part of the Xingu National Park today. Kuhikugu was first uncovered by anthropologist Michael Heckenberger, working alongside the local Kuikuro people, who are the likely descendants of the original inhabitants of Kuhikugu.
Weedon Osborne
Weedon Edward Osborne (November 13, 1892 – June 6, 1918) was a United States Navy officer and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War I. He is one of only three dental officers to have received the medal, the others being Alexander Gordon Lyle and Ben L. Salomon.

Ben L. Salomon
Benjamin Lewis Salomon (September 1, 1914 – July 7, 1944) was a United States Army dentist during World War II, assigned as a front-line surgeon. During the Battle of Saipan, when the Japanese started overrunning his hospital, he stood a rear-guard action in which he had no hope of personal survival, allowing the safe evacuation of the wounded, killing as many as 98 enemy troops before being killed himself. In 2002, Salomon posthumously received the Medal of Honor. He is one of only three dental officers to have received the medal, the others being Alexander Gordon Lyle and Weedon Osborne, and is one of three Jewish American soldiers who received the medal for World War II.
Historical race concepts
The concept of race as a  categorization of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) has an extensive history in Europe and the Americas. The contemporary word race itself is modern; historically it was used in the sense of "nation, ethnic group" during the 16th to 19th centuries. Race acquired its modern meaning in the field of physical anthropology through scientific racism starting in the 19th century. With the rise of modern genetics, the concept of distinct human races in a biological sense has become obsolete. The American Anthropological Association's 1998 "Statement on Race" outlined race as a social construct, not biological reality.

Polygenism
Polygenism is a theory of human origins which posits the view that humans are of different origins (polygenesis). This view is opposite to the idea of monogenism, which posits a single origin of humanity. Modern scientific views find little merit in any polygenic model due to an increased understanding of speciation in a human context, with the monogenic "Out of Africa" hypothesis and its variants being the most widely accepted models for human origins. Polygenism has historically been heavily used in service of white supremacist ideas and practices, denying a common origin between European and non-European peoples. It can be distinguished between Biblical polygenism, describing a Pre-Adamite or Co-Adamite origin of certain races in the context of the Genesis narrative of Adam and Eve, and scientific polygenism, attempting to find a taxonomic basis for ideas of racial science.