hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sewer service
Sewer service is an epithet for the intentional failure to provide service of process on a named party in a lawsuit, in order to prevent the party from having a chance to respond. This practice usually involves filing a false affidavit claiming that the defendant had been properly served court papers; then, when the defendant fails to appear, the plaintiff then applies for and wins a default judgment due to the defendant's non-appearance. The phrase refers to the figure of speech of throwing the documents into a sewer, and is considered a fraud upon the court.

It was referenced in a 2019 United States Supreme Court opinion, Rotkiske v. Klemm, which featured an allegation of a debt collector winning a default judgment against a debtor through sewer service.

Service of process
Each legal jurisdiction has rules and discrete terminology regarding the appropriate procedures for serving legal documents on a person being sued or subject to legal proceedings. In the U.S. legal system, service of process is the procedure by which a party to a lawsuit gives an appropriate notice of initial legal action to another party (such as a defendant), court, or administrative body in an effort to exercise jurisdiction over that person so as to force that person to respond to the proceeding in a court, body, or other tribunal. Notice is furnished by delivering a set of court documents (called "process") to the person to be served.
Forres Mechanics F.C.
Forres Mechanics Football Club are a senior Scottish association football club from the town of Forres, Moray, currently playing in the Highland League. They play at the town's Mosset Park. Forres Mechanics are the oldest association football club in the North of Scotland and are one of only two original teams to play in the Highland League since its first season in 1893, the other being Clachnacuddin.

2011–12 Highland Football League
The 2011–12 Highland Football League began on 30 July 2011 and ended on 16 May 2012.

The top two clubs at the end of the season, will receive direct entry to the second round of the 2012–13 Scottish Cup. The highest placed two clubs who have obtained an SFA club licence will qualify to enter the 2012–13 Scottish Challenge Cup.

The league was won by Forres Mechanics. It was their first title win since the 1985–86 season. Fort William finished bottom.
Kamitakara, Gifu
Kamitakara (上宝村, Kamitakara-mura) was a village located in Yoshiki District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 3,874 and a population density of 8.15 persons per km2. The total area was 475.12 km2.

On February 1, 2005, Kamitakara, along with the town of Kuguno, and the villages of Asahi, Kiyomi, Miya, Nyūkawa, Shōkawa and Takane (all from Ōno District), and the town of Kokufu (also from Yoshiki District), was merged into the expanded city of Takayama and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Takayama, Gifu
Takayama (高山市, Takayama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.ka(ꜜ).ja.ma, -ka.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2025, the city had an estimated population of 81,968 in 36,815 households, and a population density of 41 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 2,177.61 square kilometers (840.78 sq mi) making it the largest city by area in Japan. The high altitude and separation from other areas of Japan kept the area fairly isolated, allowing Takayama to develop its own culture over about a 300-year period.
GPhoto
gPhoto is the name of a free, redistributable, ready to use set of digital camera software applications for Unix-like systems. The core functionality is provided by libgphoto2, which is a library for use in digital photography - it supports retrieving of images from camera devices, upload, and remote controlled configuration and capture, depending on whether the camera supports those features. libgphoto2 is the successor of gphoto with lots of new features and additional camera drivers.

libgphoto2 is the basis for image acquisition and camera interfacing on Linux, and is used by applications such as Darktable, DigiKam, Shotwell, Entangle, GIMP, gThumb, and others.

gPhoto2 is also the name of the command line (CLI) interface to libgphoto2. gPhoto2 and libgphoto2 have been released alongside each other with the same version number until 2.5.28.

Released under the GNU Lesser General Public License, gPhoto is free software.

Darktable
Darktable (stylized as darktable) is a free and open-source photography application and raw developer. Rather than being a raster graphics editor like Adobe Photoshop or GIMP, it comprises a subset of image editing operations specifically aimed at non-destructive raw image post-production. It is primarily focused on improving a photographer's workflow by facilitating the handling of large numbers of images. It is freely available in versions tailored for most major Linux distributions, macOS, Solaris and Windows and is released under the GPL-3.0-or-later software license.
Rayon
Rayon, also called viscose, is a semi-synthetic fiber made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. Many types and grades of rayon fibers and films exist. Some imitate the feel and texture of natural fibers such as silk, wool, cotton, and linen.  It can be woven or knitted to make textiles for clothing and other purposes.
Rayon production involves solubilizing cellulose fibers. Three common methods are as follows:

The cuprammonium process (obsolete), using ammoniacal solutions of copper salts

The viscose process (most common) using alkali and carbon disulfide

The Lyocell process, using amine oxide, avoids neurotoxic carbon disulfide but is more expensive

Courtaulds
Courtaulds was a United Kingdom-based manufacturer of fabric, clothing, artificial fibres, and chemicals. It was established in 1794 and became the world's leading man-made fibre production company before being broken up in 1990 into Courtaulds plc and Courtaulds Textiles Ltd.
Kadokawa Shoten
Kadokawa Shoten (角川書店), formerly the Kadokawa Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd. (株式会社角川書店, Kabushiki-gaisha Kadokawa Shoten), is a Japanese publisher and division of Kadokawa Future Publishing based in Tokyo, Japan. It became an internal division of Kadokawa Corporation on October 1, 2013. Kadokawa publishes manga, light novels, manga anthology magazines such as Monthly Asuka and Monthly Shōnen Ace, and entertainment magazines such as Newtype. Since its founding, Kadokawa has expanded into the multimedia sector, namely in video games (as Kadokawa Games) and in live-action and animated films (as Kadokawa Pictures).

Tokumei Kakarichō Tadano Hitoshi
Tokumei Kakarichō Tadano Hitoshi (Japanese: 特命係長·只野仁; lit. "Mission Section Chief Hitoshi Tadano") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kimio Yanagisawa. A television drama was aired on TV Asahi in 2003, the official English name of the drama is Hitoshi Tadano, the Extraordinary Undercover Detective. A new drama series started airing in 2012 as Detective Anonymous.
General Foods
General Foods Corporation was a company whose direct predecessor was established in the United States by Charles William (C. W.) Post as the Postum Cereal Company in 1895.

The company changed its name to "General Foods" in 1929 following several corporate acquisitions by Marjorie Merriweather Post after she inherited the established cereal business from her father, C. W. Post. In November 1985, General Foods was acquired by Philip Morris Companies (now Altria) for $5.6 billion, the largest non-oil acquisition at the time. In December 1988, Philip Morris acquired Kraft Foods Inc., and, in 1990, combined the two food companies as Kraft General Foods. The "General Foods" name was dropped in 1995 with the corporate name being reverted to Kraft Foods; a line of caffeinated hot beverage mixes continued to carry the General Foods International name until 2010.

C. W. Post
Charles William Post (October 26, 1854 – May 9, 1914) was an American innovator, breakfast cereal and foods manufacturer and a pioneer in the prepared-food industry. He was the founder of what became Post Consumer Brands.
Clarinet
The clarinet is a single-reed musical instrument in the woodwind family, with a nearly cylindrical bore and a flared bell.

Clarinets comprise a family of instruments of differing sizes and pitches. The clarinet family is the largest woodwind family, ranging from the BB♭ contrabass to the A♭ piccolo. The B♭ soprano clarinet is the most common type, and is the instrument usually indicated by the word "clarinet".

German instrument maker Johann Christoph Denner is generally credited with inventing the clarinet sometime around 1700 by adding a register key to the chalumeau, an earlier single-reed instrument. Over time, additional keywork and airtight pads were added to improve the tone and playability. Today the clarinet is a standard fixture of the orchestra and concert band and is used in classical music, military bands, klezmer, jazz, and other styles.

Theobald Boehm
Theobald Böhm (or Boehm) (9 April 1794 – 25 November 1881) was a German inventor and musician, who greatly improved the modern Western concert flute and its fingering system (now known as the "Boehm system"). He was a Bavarian court musician, a virtuoso flautist and a renowned composer.

The fingering system he devised has also been adapted to other instruments, such as the oboe and the clarinet.
Pnai Plus
Pnai Plus (Hebrew: פנאי פלוס, lit. Leisure Plus), or Pplus, is one of the major Israeli magazines published weekly that covers the world of entertainment and television worldwide as well as the local Israeli television and celebrities scene. Created in 1989 and owned by Yedioth Ahronoth, the magazine contains sections such as cinema, music, culture, and food.

Yedioth Ahronoth
Yedioth Ahronoth (Hebrew: יְדִיעוֹת אַחֲרוֹנוֹת, pronounced [jediˈ(ʔ)ot aχ(a)ʁoˈnot] ⓘ; lit. "Latest News") is an Israeli daily mass market newspaper published in Tel Aviv. Founded in 1939, Yedioth Ahronoth is Israel's largest paid newspaper by sales and circulation and has been described as "undoubtedly the country's number-one paper." It is published in the tabloid format.

It is known as centrist, compared to the left-leaning newspaper of record Haaretz and right-leaning, distributed-for-free Israel Hayom newspapers in Israel.
Geitlandsjökull
Geitlandsjökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈceitˌlan(t)sˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ) is a lateral glacier of Langjökull, with a flowshed of 13 km2 (5.0 sq mi) from the second largest ice cap in Iceland at 904 km2 (349 sq mi), in the west of Iceland.: 503  It has also been used as the name for the substantial Langjökull ice cap, as has the name Suðurjöklar.: 18  The highest point of Geitlandsjökull, which lies on top of a tuya, reaches a height of 1,400 m (4,600 ft).

Unlike most of the outlet glaciers of Langjökull which are retreating, its recent mass balance is stable, as it intercepts the predominant low pressure weather systems from the south-west.: 503

In the Grettis saga, the outlaw Grettir Ásmundarson climbed Geitlandsjökull and walked south from
it to a grassy valley with hot springs and surrounded by glaciers on all sides.

Langjökull
Langjökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlauŋkˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, Icelandic for "long glacier") is the second largest ice cap in Iceland (870 km2 (340 sq mi)), after Vatnajökull. It is situated in the west of the Icelandic interior or Highlands of Iceland and can be seen clearly from Haukadalur. It covers the higher parts of the Langjökull volcanic system.

Its volume is 195 km3 (47 cu mi) and the ice is up to 580 m (1,900 ft) thick. The highest point of the ice cap (at Baldjökull [ˈpaltˌjœːkʏtl̥] at the northern end of Langjökull) is about 1,450 m (4,760 ft) above sea level.

In the past, the largest recorded surface area was in 1840.
Rauza Sharif
Rauza Sharif is a shrine (Dargah) in the Punjab state of India dedicated to the Sufi teacher Shaikh Ahmad al-Faruqī al-Sirhindī (1564 – 1624).
 It is located to the north of Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib and is where Sirhindi lived during the reigns of Mughal Emperors Akbar and Jahangir.

Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib
Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib is a Sikh gurdwara or place of worship in the city of Fatehgarh Sahib in the Indian state of Punjab. The gurdwara marks the 1710 conquest of the city by the Sikhs under the leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur. Sikhs captured the area and razed the fort built by Ferozshah Tughlaq to the ground.
Recoleta, Buenos Aires
Recoleta is a barrio or neighborhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina, located in the northern part of the city, by the Río de la Plata. The area is perhaps best known to be the home of the distinguished Recoleta Cemetery. It is a traditional upper-class and conservative neighborhood with some of the priciest real estate in the city, known for Paris-style townhouses, lavish former palaces and posh boutiques.

The neighborhood is served by Line D and Line H of the Buenos Aires Underground, as well as by many bus lines in Avenida Santa Fe.

National Library of Argentina
The Mariano Moreno National Library (Spanish: Biblioteca Nacional Mariano Moreno) is the largest library in Argentina. It is located in the barrio of Recoleta in Buenos Aires. The library is named after Mariano Moreno, one of the ideologists of the May Revolution and its first director.

The National Library is an agency under the Ministry of Culture of Argentina.
Agarpara railway station
Agarpara railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway station and one of the oldest active railway station in the town of Agarpara. This railway station situates between the Belgharia railway station and Sodpur railway station. It serves the local areas of Agarpara in North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India.

It belongs to Sealdah Railway Division of Eastern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. This station provides rail services across its surrounding area. Trains approach for Ranaghat, Kalyani Simanta, Gede, Sealdah and Majerhat run through this station. Kolkata Suburban Railway serves local railway passenger trains at this station daily.

Agarpara
Agarpara is a neighbourhood in Panihati of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.It is a busy  North Kolkata Sub-urban region.It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority  (KMDA).
WHOIS
WHOIS (pronounced as the phrase "who is") is a query and response protocol that is used for querying databases that store an Internet resource's registered users or assignees. These resources include domain names, IP address blocks and autonomous systems, but it is also used for a wider range of other information. The protocol stores and delivers database content in a human-readable format. The current iteration of the WHOIS protocol was drafted by the Internet Society, and is documented in RFC 3912.

Whois is also the name of the command-line utility on most UNIX systems used to make WHOIS protocol queries. In addition, WHOIS has a sister protocol called Referral Whois (RWhois).

Domain name registrar
A domain name registrar is a company, person, or office that manages the reservation of Internet domain names.

A domain name registrar must be accredited by a generic top-level domain (gTLD) registry or a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry. A registrar operates in accordance with the guidelines of the designated domain name registries. As of March 2024, there are 2,800 domain name registrars accredited by ICANN.
Earl of Hertford (1781 EIC ship)
Earl of Hertford was launched on the River Thames in 1781. Captain Daniel Clarke sailed from Gravesend on 6 May, bound for India and stopped at Portsmouth on 18 May. She sailed from Portsmouth on 11 June. She stopped at Saint Helena and then arrived at Madras. She foundered at Madras Roads on 15 October 1782 in a monsoon while she lay at anchor.

Earl of Hertford had been carrying cargo destined for China. At Madras these was also other cargo destined for China that had belonged to Latham and Fortitude General Coote, Francis, and Montague carried the cargo to Canton.

Fortitude (1780 EIC ship)
Fortitude was a merchant vessel built in 1780 on the River Thames. A French frigate captured her in 1782 while she was on the return leg of her maiden voyage to India as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). However, the British recaptured her in October 1782. The EIC purchased her and sent her back to England. There, in 1785, George Macartney Macauley purchased her and renamed her Pitt. She then performed five voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1786 and 1798. In between, she made one journey transporting convicts from England to New South Wales. She was broken up in 1801.
CESNET
CESNET (Czech Education and Scientific NETwork) is developer and operator of national e-infrastructure for science, research, development and education in Czech Republic. The CESNET association was founded in 1996 by Czech public universities and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. An important part of CESNET's activities is research of advanced network technologies and applications from hybrid networking, programmable hardware, metacomputing to middleware and video transmissions. CESNET fulfils the role of NREN within the Czech Republic and represents it in international organisations such as the GÉANT Association (established through a merger between TERENA and DANTE), EGI and GLIF. CESNET is involved in the implementation of the European backbone network project called GÉANT. Within the Czech Republic CESNET fulfils the role of a coordinator of large infrastructures involved in the field of information technology.

DANTE
Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe (DANTE) was a not-for-profit company that planned, buits and operated consecutive generations of the backbone network that interconnects the national research and education networks (NRENs) in Europe. The organisation was based in Cambridge, United Kingdom and was formed in 1993 as a limited liability company owned by Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE). Ownership was transferred to a number of NRENs and government agencies in 1994.

DANTE Ltd. currently operates the third generation of the GÉANT pan-European backbone network, and previously operated the earlier-generation EuropaNET, TEN-34, TEN-155, GÉANT and GÉANT2 networks.
2022–23 United Rugby Championship
The 2022–23 United Rugby Championship was the 22nd season of the professional rugby union competition United Rugby Championship. It began on 16 September 2022 and ended on 27 May 2023. For sponsorship reasons it was known in South Africa as Vodacom United Rugby Championship or Vodacom URC, while in the Northern Hemisphere it was known as the BKT United Rugby Championship or BKT URC.

The final which was held on 27 May 2023 was between defending champions the Stormers and Munster with Munster winning 19–14.

2023 United Rugby Championship Grand Final
The 2023 United Rugby Championship Grand Final was the final match of the 2022–23 United Rugby Championship season. The final was between defending champions the Stormers and Munster with Munster winning 19–14 to claim their fourth domestic title.
European route E62
European route E 62 is a road in Europe, part of the United Nations International E-road network.  Approximately 1,307 kilometers (812 mi) long, it connects the French Atlantic port city of Nantes to Genoa, largest of Italy's port cities.   Between France and Italy it also passes through Switzerland, via Geneva and Lausanne.   After crossing into Italy (shortly after the Simplon Pass, the highest point on the European route network inside Europe), the E 62 passes Milan, Italy's largest commercial and industrial centre, before descending to Genoa on the Mediterranean coast.

International E-road network
The International E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe, Central Asia and Asia Minor, developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and signposted on a green background. Its roads cross national borders, consisting of three types of roads: highways, limited access roads, and ordinary roads (as defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1).

The display of European roads on signs depend on jurisdiction. In most countries, the roads carry the European route designation alongside national designations. However, Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Sweden have integrated them as their sole route designations (examples: E18 and E6) in most cases. Some places, such as the United Kingdom and Albania do not show the European designations at all.

Other continents have similar international road networks, e.g., the Pan-American Highway in the Americas, the Trans-African Highway network, and the Asian Highway Network.
Hepatocolic ligament
The hepatocolic ligament is an occasional fold of peritoneum that extends from the right side of the lesser omentum and passes from the lower surface of the liver near the gallbladder to the hepatic flexure.

Lesser omentum
The lesser omentum (small omentum or gastrohepatic omentum) is the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach, and to the first part of the duodenum. The lesser omentum is usually divided into these two connecting parts: the hepatogastric ligament, and the hepatoduodenal ligament.
Catherine Hickson
Catherine Hickson (born 1955) is a Canadian volcanologist, formerly with the Geological Survey of Canada, part of Natural Resources Canada. Since 2014, she has been the chief operating officer for Dajin Resources Corp. and president, Tuya Terra Geo Corp. Hickson studied at the University of British Columbia and received her PhD in geology and volcanology in 1987.

Wells Gray Park Cave discovery
The Wells Gray Park Cave discovery of 2018 was of a karst cave in Wells Gray Provincial Park, in the Cariboo Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. The cave has informally been named Sarlacc's Pit pending an official name.
Dawnstar
Dawnstar is a superheroine appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, primarily as a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 30th and 31st centuries. She was created by Paul Levitz and Mike Grell, and first appeared in Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes #226 (April 1977).

Dawnstar has made limited appearances in other media, primarily in association with the Legion. She is voiced by Laura Bailey in JLA Adventures: Trapped in Time and Cynthia Hamidi in the Tomorrowverse.

Legion of Super Heroes (TV series)
Legion of Super Heroes is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation, adapted from the DC Comics series of the same name. It debuted on September 23, 2006, and centers on a young Superman's adventures in the 31st century, fighting alongside the eponymous group of superheroes. The show was produced by one of its main character designers James Tucker, a co-producer of the Justice League Unlimited series, for the Kids' WB line-up on The CW network.

The series drew on the rich history of the Legion of Super-Heroes, taking inspiration from stories set during all time periods of the team's nearly 50-year history in comics. It also had a tie-in spin-off comic book series, Legion of Super-Heroes in the 31st Century, that lasted 20 issues.

The series was cancelled after its second season.