hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qasim Qaysenov
Qasim Qaysenov (Kazakh: Қасым Қайсенов, Russian: Касым Кайсенов; 23 April 1918 — 30 December 2006) was a Kazakh partisan detachment commander in the Ukrainian SSR during World War II. After the war he wrote many books, and in 1995 he was awarded the title Hero of Kazakhstan.

Hero of Kazakhstan
The title of People's Hero of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Халық қаһарманы, romanized: Halyq qaharmany) is the highest distinction conferred by the Republic of Kazakhstan, along with the Order of the Golden Eagle.
Georg Christian Crollius
Georg Christian Crollius (21 July 1728 – 23 March 1790) was a German historian and librarian.

He was born in Zweibrücken, the son of the gymnasial headmaster Johann Philipp Crollius and Margaretha Gabriela Joannis. Crollius studied in Halle and Göttingen. He succeeded his father in the management of the Herzog-Wolfgang-Gymnasium in Zweibrücken, the most renowned school in Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Duke Christian IV appointed him also to the committee of the library, the present-day Bibliotheca Bipontina, and to court historiographer. Similar to his father he researched the history of Palatinate-Zweibrücken and of the Rhenish County Palatine. As a member of the Mannheim academy (since 1765) he wrote several essays, which were printed in the series of the academy. The Origines Bipontinae (1761–1769) might be cited as his main work. Starting in 1779 he contributed also to the Editiones Bipontinae. He died in his home town of Zweibrücken.

Zweibrücken
Zweibrücken (German: [ˈtsvaɪˌbʁʏkŋ̍] ⓘ; French: Deux-Ponts [dø pɔ̃]; Palatine German: Zweebrigge [ˈtsʋeːbʁɪgə]; literally translated as "Two Bridges") is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach River.
Tinker to Evers to Chance (album)
Tinker to Evers to Chance is a compilation album of songs by Game Theory, released in 1990. The liner notes describe the included tracks as songs which "reached national obscurity, as opposed to local obscurity." Band leader Scott Miller went on to form The Loud Family.

Alternate Learning
Alternate Learning (or ALRN) was a power pop/new wave band from 1977 to 1982, based in Davis, California and fronted by Scott Miller, a singer-songwriter later known for his work as leader of the 1980s band Game Theory and 1990s band the Loud Family.
Alpersite
Alpersite (IMA symbol: Aps) is a magnesium copper sulfate mineral with the chemical formula (Mg,Cu)[SO4]·7H2O. It is named after United States Geological Survey geochemist Charles N. Alpers and was first described in 2006.

Sulfate mineral
The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals that include the sulfate ion (SO2−4) within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems.

Sulfate minerals include:

Anhydrous sulfates
Barite BaSO4
Celestite SrSO4
Anglesite PbSO4
Anhydrite CaSO4
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl

Hydroxide and hydrous sulfates
Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O
Chalcanthite CuSO4·5H2O
Kieserite MgSO4·H2O
Starkeyite MgSO4·4H2O
Hexahydrite MgSO4·6H2O
Epsomite MgSO4·7H2O
Meridianiite MgSO4·11H2O
Melanterite FeSO4·7H2O
Antlerite Cu3SO4(OH)4
Brochantite Cu4SO4(OH)6
Alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Jarosite KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Löweite Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O
Fragaria moupinensis
Fragaria moupinensis is a species of wild strawberry native to China. It is similar in appearance to F. nilgerrensis.

All strawberries have a base monoploid count of 7 chromosomes. Fragaria moupinensis is tetraploid, having 4 pairs of these chromosomes for a total of 28 chromosomes.

Fragaria nilgerrensis
Fragaria nilgerrensis, the nilgiri strawberry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a wild strawberry native to southern and southeast Asia. It is similar in appearance to F. moupinensis. Its fruit are white to light pink, with flavour reminiscent of peach, and the fruit is of no commercial value.

All strawberries have a base haploid count of 7 chromosomes. Fragaria nilgerrensis is diploid, having 2 pairs of these chromosomes for a total of 14 chromosomes.
Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon
Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon (18 January 1609 – 13 February 1656), was the son of Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon, and Lady Elizabeth Stanley, the daughter of Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby, and Alice Spencer. He married Lucy, daughter of Sir John Davies, on 7 August 1623.

He was MP for Leicestershire in 1625 and again in 1628–29.

Ferdinando's family seat, Ashby de la Zouch Castle, was destroyed by Oliver Cromwell's troops in the English Civil War in 1646. He died of smallpox at age 47 and was succeeded by his son, Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon.

There is a monument to him in St Helen's Church, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.

Elizabeth Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon
Elizabeth Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon (6 January 1588 – 20 January 1633), formerly Lady Elizabeth Stanley, was an English noblewoman and writer who was third in line of succession to the English throne. She was the wife of Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon. She was also styled Lady Hastings of Hungerford and Lady Botreaux as her husband held both of these titles in addition to the Earl of Huntingdon.
Peter Mehlman
Peter Mehlman (born 1955 or 1956) is an American television writer, comedian, and producer, best known for serving as a writer and producer on the TV series Seinfeld through nearly all of the show's nine-year run from 1989–98.

He also created the 1999 series It's Like, You Know... and produced the 2004 animated series Father of the Pride. Both were short-lived.

The Highlights of 100
"The Highlights of 100" is the 14th and 15th episode of the sixth season of the American sitcom Seinfeld, and the 100th and 101st episode overall. Written by Peter Mehlman and directed by Andy Ackerman, the episode originally aired on NBC on February 2, 1995. The episode is a clip show to celebrate the series' 100th episode with no new content apart from a 50-second-long intro by Jerry Seinfeld. In syndication, it airs as two separate episodes of 30 minutes each, with a second intro at the beginning of the second episode. This is the first episode in the series not to open with a stand-up routine.

"The Highlights of 100" was the first Seinfeld episode available on home video, released on VHS in 1995 by food company General Mills.
Salvador Seguí
Salvador Seguí i Rubinat (23 September 1887, in Lleida – 10 March 1923, in Barcelona), known as El noi del sucre ("the sugar boy" in Catalan) for his habit of eating the sugar cubes served him with his coffee, was a Catalan anarcho-syndicalist in the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions.

Pistolerismo
Pistolerismo refers both to a specific period of Spanish history, between the general strike of August 1917 and Primo de Rivera's coup in September 1923, and to the social phenomenon spread in many areas of Spain during which Spanish employers hired thugs to intimidate and often attack trade unionists and notable workers – and vice versa. It was characterized by the birth and proliferation of several armed groups composed of pistoleros ("gunfighters"), men specialized in the use of violence.

It reached its most tragic consequences in the region of Catalonia and especially in the city of Barcelona, where hundreds of people were killed or injured as consequence of political violence and social attacks. Above all, social clashes of these years played a fundamental role in the crisis of the Spanish Liberal State, whose existence definitely finished with de Rivera's coup.
Transit of Mercury from Mars
A transit of Mercury across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Mercury passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars. During a transit, Mercury can be seen from Mars as a small black disc moving across the face of the Sun.

Transits of Mercury from Mars are roughly twice as common as transits of Mercury from Earth: there are several per decade.

Transit of Deimos from Mars
A transit of Deimos across the Sun as seen from Mars occurs when Deimos passes directly between the Sun and a point on the surface of Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars. During a transit, Deimos can be seen from Mars as a small dark spot rapidly moving across the Sun's face.

The event could also be referred to as a partial eclipse of the Sun by Deimos. However, since the angular diameter of Deimos is only about 1/10 of the angular diameter of the Sun as seen from Mars, it is more natural to refer to it as a transit.  The angular diameter of Deimos is only 2½ times the angular diameter of Venus as seen from Earth during a transit of Venus from Earth.
Axioupoli
Axioupoli (Greek: Αξιούπολη), known until 1927 as Boymitsa (Боймица, Μποέμιτσα), is a small town and a former municipality in the former Paionia Province of Kilkis regional unit, Greek Macedonia. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Paionia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 284.406 km2. In 2021 the town had a population of 2,834, and the municipal unit 4,794.

Vardar
The Vardar (/ˈvɑːrdɑːr/; Macedonian: Вардарⓘ, Albanian: Vardar/-i, Turkish: Vardar) or Axios (Greek: Αξιός, romanized: Aksiós, Albanian: Asi (historically)) is the longest river in North Macedonia and a major river in Greece, where it reaches the Aegean Sea at Thessaloniki. It is 388 km (241 mi) long, out of which 76 km (47 mi) are in Greece, and drains an area of around 25,000 km2 (9,653 sq mi). The maximum depth of the river is 4 m (13 ft).
Christ Church, Lavender Bay
Christ Church, Lavender Bay is an Anglican church in the Sydney suburb of Lavender Bay, New South Wales, Australia, just north of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The church is listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate.

Lavender Bay
Lavender Bay is a harbourside suburb on the lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Lavender Bay is located three kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of North Sydney Council.

The suburb takes its name from Lavender Bay, a natural feature of Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) immediately west of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. It lies between Milsons Point and McMahons Point. The suburb North Sydney is located, to the north. Lavender Bay is a residential suburb with expansive views of Sydney Harbour.
Shugodai
Shugodai (守護代, shugodai) were officials during feudal Japan. Shugodai were representatives of provincial shugo when the shugo could not virtually exercise his power, being often away from his province. Unlike shugo, who were appointed from the central power of the samurai estate or Shogunate, shugodai were locally appointed.

At the brink of the Sengoku period, most shugo strengthened their grip on power, leading to the effective disappearance of their shugodai. However, taking advantage of the weakening of their Shugo due to war or other circumstances, some shugodai became the effective lords of their provinces. A typical example of shugodai becoming de facto daimyōs would be Oda Nobuhide, the Oda clan of Owari Province.

Shugo
Shugo (守護), commonly translated as '[military] governor', 'protector', or 'constable', was a title given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan. The position gave way to the emergence of the daimyo (military feudal lords) in the late 15th century, as shugo began to claim power over lands themselves, rather than serving simply as governors on behalf of the shogunate.
Mountain High
Mountain High resort is a winter resort in the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles County, California. Mountain High is one of the most-visited resorts in Southern California. The resort is located along State Route 2 west of Wrightwood, California. The elevation of the resort is 6,600 feet (2,000 m) to 8,200 feet (2,500 m) for the Mountain High East Resort, 7,000 feet (2,100 m) to 8,000 feet (2,400 m) for the West Resort and 7,200 feet (2,200 m) to 7,800 ft (2,400 m) for the North Resort.

Bridge Fire
The Bridge Fire was a damaging wildfire in the Angeles National Forest in Southern California's Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties. The fire began on September 8 and burned a total of 56,030 acres (22,670 hectares) before being fully contained on November 26, 2024. The cause of the fire is under investigation. It was the third-largest wildfire of California's 2024 fire season. The fire threatened the areas of Wrightwood, Mount Baldy Village and Jackson Lake, where mandatory evacuation orders were in place. The fire affected nearly 100 structures total.
Government Post Graduate College Mardan
Government Post Graduate College Mardan is a public sector college located in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The college offers programs for intermediate level in Science, Arts and General Science group and affiliated with Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Mardan. The college also offers 4 years BS programs in various disciplines for which it is affiliated with Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan.

Mardan
Mardān is a city in the Mardan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Located in the Valley of Peshawar, Mardan is the second-largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (after Peshawar). It is a fast-growing city that experienced a population boom in the latter half of the 20th century.

Around 1800 BCE, the area around Mardan was part of the homeland of the Gandhara grave culture. Rock edicts of the ancient Indian King Ashoka in the nearby Shahbaz Garhi, written in the right-to-left Kharosthi script, dates from the Mauryan period (mid-200s BCE) and represent the earliest irrefutable evidence of writing in South Asia. The nearby Takht-i-Bahi which has remains of an ancient Buddhist monastery was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.
Tate House (Portland, Maine)
The Tate House is a historic house museum at 1270 Westbrook Street, near the Fore River in the Stroudwater neighborhood of Portland, Maine, United States. The house, one of the oldest in Portland, was built in 1755 for George Tate, a former Royal Navy captain who was sent by a contractor to the Navy to oversee the felling and shipment of trees for use as masts. Because of the house's comparatively remote location relative to downtown Portland, it (along with a number of other homes that make up the Stroudwater Historic District) survived Portland's numerous fires intact. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark as a rare surviving example of a once-common colonial housing form, the clerestory gambrel roof. Since 1935, it has been a museum operated by the National Society of the Colonial Dames.

Stroudwater Historic District
Stroudwater Historic District is a historic district in the Stroudwater neighborhood of Portland, Maine.  The district encompasses an important early village in the Portland area, significant as a shipbuilding and mill site established by Thomas Westbrook in 1727. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Dhapa, India
Dhapa is a locality on the fringes of East Kolkata, India. The area consists of landfill sites where the solid wastes of the city of Kolkata are dumped. "Garbage farming" is encouraged in the landfill sites. More than 40 per cent of the green vegetables in the Kolkata markets come from these lands. There are four sectors in Dhapa for dumping garbage that are filled with 2,500 tonnes of waste per day.

East Kolkata
East Kolkata refers to the eastern areas of the city of Kolkata, India. It includes the localities of Metropolitan Township, Beliaghata, Dhapa, Tangra, Bantala, Topsia, Tiljala, VIP Nagar, Anandapur, Kalikapur, Mukundapur, Ajoy Nagar, Panchasayar and certain parts of Garia like Baishnabghata-Patuli Township, Chak Garia, Nayabad and New Garia. The northern part of East Kolkata is dominated by the townships of Salt Lake and New Town. The region is characterized by well planned (regular) residential blocks and houses many of the attractions of the city.
Narcissus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Narcissus (/nɑːrˈsɪsəs/; Ancient Greek: Νάρκισσος, romanized: Nárkissos) is a hunter from Thespiae in Boeotia (alternatively Mimas or modern-day Karaburun, İzmir), known for his beauty which was noticed by all. According to the best-known version of the story in Ovid's Metamorphoses, Narcissus rejected the advances of all women and men who approached him, instead falling in love with his own reflection in a pool of water. In some versions, he beat his breast purple in agony at being kept apart from this reflected love, and according to Ovid turned into a flower bearing his name.

The character of Narcissus is the origin of the term narcissism, a self-centered personality style. This quality in extreme contributes to the definition of narcissistic personality disorder, a psychiatric condition marked by grandiosity, excessive need for attention and admiration, and an impaired ability to empathize.

Cephissus (mythology)
In Greek mythology Cephissus also spelled Kephissos (/ˈkɛfɪˌsəs/ or /ˌkɪfɪˈsoʊs/; Ancient Greek: Κηφισός, romanized: Kephisos) is a river god of ancient Greece, associated with the river Cephissus in Attica and/or with the river Cephissus in Boeotia, both in Greece.
Battle of Torrington
50°57′11″N 4°08′28″W﻿ / ﻿50.953°N 4.141°W﻿ / 50.953; -4.141

The Battle of Torrington (16 February 1646) was a decisive battle of the south-western campaign of the First English Civil War and marked the end of Royalist resistance in the West Country. It took place in Torrington, Devon.

Great Torrington
Great Torrington (often abbreviated to Torrington, though the villages of Little Torrington and Black Torrington are situated in the same region) is a market town in Devon, England. Parts of it are sited on high ground with steep drops down to the River Torridge below, with the lower-lying parts of the town prone to occasional flooding. Torrington is in the centre of Tarka Country, a landscape captured by Henry Williamson in his novel Tarka the Otter in 1927. Great Torrington has one of the most active volunteering communities in the United Kingdom.

In July 2019, Great Torrington was reported to be the healthiest place to live in Britain. Researchers from the University of Liverpool found that the area had low levels of pollution, good access to green space and health services, along with few retail outlets.
Small interfering RNA
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, typically 20–24 base pairs in length, similar to microRNA (miRNA), and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. It interferes with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences by degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) after transcription, preventing translation. It was discovered in 1998 by Andrew Fire at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. and Craig Mello at the University of Massachusetts in Worcester.

Gene knockdown
Gene knockdown is an experimental technique by which the expression of one or more of an organism's genes is reduced. The reduction can occur either through genetic modification or by treatment with a reagent such as a short DNA or RNA oligonucleotide that has a sequence complementary to either gene or an mRNA transcript.
Atoyac, Veracruz
Atoyac is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located about 196 km from state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 171.09 km2. It is located at 18°55′N 96°46′W﻿ / ﻿18.917°N 96.767°W﻿ / 18.917; -96.767.

The municipality of is delimited to the north by Tepatlaxco, to the east by Paso del Macho, to the south-east by Cuitláhuac, to the south by Yanga, to the west by Amatlán de los Reyes.

It produces principally maize and beans.

Yanga, Veracruz
Yanga is a municipality located in the southern area of the Mexican state of Veracruz, about 80 km from the state capital of Xalapa. It was formerly known as San Lorenzo de los Negros (after a colony of cimarrons in the early 17th century) or San Lorenzo de Cerralvo (after a 17th-century Spanish colonial priest). In 1932 it was renamed after Gaspar Yanga, the cimarron leader who in 1609 resisted attack by Spanish forces trying to regain control of the area.
Bab Anar
Bab Anar (Persian: باب انار) is a city in the Central District of Khafr County, Fars province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It was the administrative center for Khafr Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Zarjan.

Khafr Rural District
Khafr Rural District (Persian: دهستان خفر) is in the Central District of Khafr County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zarjan. The rural district was previously administered from Bab Anar.
1986 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1986 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament took place from February 28 – March 2, 1986, at the Asheville Civic Center in Asheville, North Carolina. The Davidson Wildcats, led by head coach Bobby Hussey, won their fifth Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1986 NCAA tournament.

1985–86 Davidson Wildcats men's basketball team
The 1985–86 Davidson Wildcats men's basketball team represented Davidson College in NCAA men's Division I competition during the 1985–86 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by head coach Bobby Hussey, the team played its home games at Johnston Gym. The Wildcats finished second during the Southern Conference regular season and won the Southern Conference tournament to receive an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament – the school's first appearance since 1970. Davidson finished win an overall record of 20–11 (10–6 SoCon).
Carl Wagner
Carl Wilhelm Wagner (25 May 1901 – 10 December 1977) was a German physical chemist. He is best known for his pioneering work on solid-state chemistry, where his work on oxidation rate theory, counter diffusion of ions and defect chemistry led to a better understanding of how reactions take place at the atomic level. His life and achievements were honoured in a Solid State Ionics symposium commemorating his 100th birthday in 2001, where he was described as the father of solid-state chemistry.

Ostwald ripening
Ostwald ripening is a phenomenon observed in solid solutions and liquid sols that involves the change of an inhomogeneous structure over time, in that small crystals or sol particles first dissolve and then redeposit onto larger crystals or sol particles.

Dissolution of small crystals or sol particles and the redeposition of the dissolved species on the surfaces of larger crystals or sol particles was first described by Wilhelm Ostwald in 1896. For colloidal systems, Ostwald ripening is also found in water-in-oil emulsions, while flocculation is found in oil-in-water emulsions.
Lori Lieberman
Lori Lieberman (born November 15, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter who accompanies herself on guitar and piano. She co-wrote "Killing Me Softly" and recorded the first version of the song, which became a hit single for Roberta Flack in 1973, and again in 1996 with a new arrangement by the Fugees. Lieberman's writing partners and management team of Charles Fox and Norman Gimbel did not assign her credit for helping to write the song, so she did not receive millions of dollars' worth of royalties.

Lieberman released four studio albums through Capitol Records in the 1970s, in the style of soft rock and folk. After a retreat in 1978, she resumed her recording career in 1995.

Millennium Records
Millennium Records is a defunct record label run by record producer Jimmy Ienner from 1976 to 1983. During its RCA-distributed years, a significant portion of its output was content licensed from Canadian record labels.