hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spandau Citadel
The Spandau Citadel (German: Zitadelle Spandau) is a fortress in Berlin, Germany, one of the best-preserved Renaissance  military structures  of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island near the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin. In recent years it has been used as a museum and has become a popular tourist spot. Furthermore, the inner courtyard of the Citadel has served as an open air concert venue in the summertime since 2005.

Spandau Prison
52°31′16″N 13°11′07″E﻿ / ﻿52.52111°N 13.18528°E﻿ / 52.52111; 13.18528

Spandau Prison was a military prison located in the Spandau borough of West Berlin (present-day Berlin, Germany). Built in 1876, it became a proto-concentration camp under Nazi Germany. After the Second World War, it held seven top Nazi leaders convicted in the Nuremberg trials. After the death of its last prisoner, Rudolf Hess, in August 1987, the prison was demolished and replaced by a shopping centre for the British forces stationed in Germany to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine.
Diocese of Créteil
The Diocese of Créteil (Latin: Dioecesis Christoliensis; French: Diocèse de Créteil) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. Erected in 1966 from a subdivision of the Archdiocese of Paris and the Diocese of Versailles, the Diocese of Créteil remains a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Paris.

Archdiocese of Paris
The Archdiocese of Paris (Latin: Archidioecesis Parisiensis; French: Archidiocèse de Paris) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. It is one of twenty-three archdioceses in France. The original diocese is traditionally thought to have been created in the 3rd century by St. Denis and corresponded with the Civitas Parisiorum; it was elevated to an archdiocese on October 20, 1622. Before that date the bishops were suffragan to the archbishops of Sens.
Inokashira Park
Inokashira Park (井の頭恩賜公園, Inokashira Onshi Kōen) is a park which straddles Musashino and Mitaka in western Tokyo, Japan.  Inokashira Pond (井の頭池) and the Kanda River water source (神田上水, Kanda jōsui), established during the Edo period, are the primary sources of the Kanda River.

The land was given to Tokyo in 1913. On May 1, 1917, it opened under the name Inokashira Onshi Kōen (井の頭恩賜公園), which can be translated as, "Inokashira Imperial Grant Park". Thus the park was considered a gift from the Emperor to the general public.

Mitaka, Tokyo
Mitaka (三鷹市, Mitaka-shi) is a city in the Western Tokyo region of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 190,403, and a population density of 12,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 16.42 square kilometres (6.34 sq mi).
James W. H. Trail
James William Helenus Trail FRS FLS (4 March 1851 – 18 September 1919) was a 20th-century botanist who served as Professor of Botany at Aberdeen University from 1877 to 1919. 
The standard author abbreviation Trail is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

St Machar's Cathedral
St Machar's Cathedral is a Church of Scotland church in Aberdeen, Scotland, located to the north of the city centre, in the former burgh of Old Aberdeen. Technically, St Machar's is no longer a cathedral but rather a high kirk, as it has not been the seat of a bishop since 1690.
CKXL-FM
CKXL-FM (91.1 MHz) is a French-language community radio station licensed to Saint Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and serving the Winnipeg Capital Region. It broadcasts a public radio format that has 80% Manitoba content. It uses the branding Envol 91 FM.

CKXL-FM is owned by La Radio Communautaire du Manitoba Inc. It broadcasts from the Franco-Manitoban Cultural Centre (CCFM) in the Winnipeg district of Saint Boniface. The station's transmitter is located on Provincial Trunk Highway 2 in Springstein, Manitoba.

St. Boniface, Winnipeg
St. Boniface (French: Saint-Boniface) is a city ward and neighbourhood in Winnipeg. Along with being the centre of the Franco-Manitoban community, it ranks as the largest francophone community in Western Canada.

It features such landmarks as the St. Boniface Cathedral, Boulevard Provencher, the Provencher Bridge, Esplanade Riel, Saint Boniface Hospital, the Université de Saint-Boniface, and the Royal Canadian Mint.

The area covers much of eastern Winnipeg, including Old St. Boniface. It consists of the neighbourhoods of Norwood West, Norwood East, Windsor Park, Niakwa Park, Niakwa Place, Southdale, Southland Park, Royalwood, Sage Creek, and Island Lakes, among others, plus a large industrial area. The ward is represented by Matt Allard, a member of Winnipeg City Council, and also corresponds to the neighbourhood clusters of St. Boniface East and West. The population was 58,520 according to the Canada 2016 Census.
Gujō Station
Gujō Station (公庄駅, Gujō-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of  Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Willer Trains (Kyoto Tango Railway).

Fukuchiyama, Kyoto
Fukuchiyama (福知山市, Fukuchiyama-shi) is a city in northern Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2022, the city had an estimated population of 76,037 in 36412 households and a population density of 140 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 697.55 square kilometres (269.33 sq mi).
Stalag IV-B
Stalag IV-B was one of the largest prisoner-of-war camps in Germany during World War II, located 8 km (5.0 mi) north-east of the town of Mühlberg. It held Polish, French, British, Australian, Soviet, Yugoslav, South African, Italian and other Allied prisoners of war.

Stalag is an abbreviation of the German Stammlager ("Main Camp"). The camp was located in the Prussian Province of Saxony, just east of the Elbe river and about 30 mi (48 km) north of Dresden. From 1944 to 1945 it belonged to the Province of Halle-Merseburg. Now, the area is in Brandenburg. A sub-camp, sometimes identified as Stalag IV-B/Z,Stalag 304 or Stalag IV-H was located at Zeithain, 10 km (6.2 mi) to the south in Saxony.

Mühlberg, Brandenburg
Mühlberg (German pronunciation: [ˈmyːlbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the Elbe-Elster district, in the southwesternmost part of Brandenburg, Germany. It is located on the right bank of the river Elbe, about halfway between Riesa to the south and Torgau to the northwest. It is about 60 km east of Leipzig. It is accessed by the Bundesstraße 182 (Riesa - Torgau - Wittenberg) on the left bank of the Elbe, connected with the town by a bridge, opened in 2008. Mühlberg consists of the Ortsteile Mühlberg, Altenau, Brottewitz, Fichtenberg, Koßdorf and Martinskirchen.
Crusaders of Might and Magic
Crusaders of Might and Magic is a 1999 third-person action/RPG video game developed and published by 3DO's Austin, Texas studio (PlayStation) and Redwood Shores studio (PC). Different versions of the game were released for both Microsoft Windows and the PlayStation.

Might and Magic
Might and Magic is a series of role-playing video games in the science fantasy genre developed by New World Computing, which in 1996 became a subsidiary of The 3DO Company. The original Might and Magic series ended with the closure of the 3DO Company. The rights to the Might and Magic name were purchased for US$1.3 million by Ubisoft, which rebooted the franchise with a new series with no apparent connection to the previous continuity, starting with the games Heroes of Might and Magic V and Dark Messiah of Might and Magic.
Netheravon Airfield
Netheravon Airfield is a Ministry of Defence grass strip airfield on Salisbury Plain, in Wiltshire, England. Established in 1913 by the Royal Flying Corps, it became RAF Netheravon from 1918 until 1963, then AAC Netheravon (Army Air Corps) until 2012. Buildings from 1913 and 1914 survive on part of the site. The site forms part of the Tidworth, Netheravon and Bulford (TidNBul) Garrison.

No. 38 Group RAF
No. 38 Group RAF was a group of the Royal Air Force which disbanded on 31 December 2020. It was formed on 6 November 1943 from the former 38 Wing with nine squadrons as part of Allied Expeditionary Air Force (AEAF). It was disbanded on 31 January 1951, but re-formed on 1 January 1960, became part of RAF Air Support Command in 1967 and then, in 1972, the air support group within RAF Strike Command. It was temporarily disbanded from 18 Nov 1983 to 31 Oct 1992 and from 1 April 2000 to 1 July 2014. It subsequently became part of RAF Air Command, bringing together the Royal Air Force’s Engineering, Logistics, Communications and Medical Operations units. Air Officer Commanding No. 38 Group was also responsible for UK-based United States Visiting Forces (USVF) units and for RAF personnel attached to other global armed forces.
Alexandra bridges
The Alexandra Bridges refers to the old and new bridges that cross the Clutha River in Alexandra, New Zealand. The bridges are situated at the confluence of the Clutha River/Mata-au River and Manuherikia River.

Alexandra, New Zealand
Alexandra (Māori: Manuherikia or Areketanara) is a town in the Central Otago district of the South Island of New Zealand. It is on the banks of the Clutha River (at the confluence of the Manuherikia River), on State Highway 8, 188 kilometres (117 mi) by road from Dunedin and 33 kilometres (21 mi) south of Cromwell. The nearest towns to Alexandra via state highway 8 are Clyde seven kilometres to the northwest and Roxburgh forty kilometres to the south. State highway 85 also connects Alexandra to Omakau, Lauder, Oturehua, Ranfurly and on to Palmerston on the East Otago coast.

The town of Alexandra is home to 5,860 people as of June 2025.
Splaiul Tudor Vladimirescu
Splaiul Tudor Vladimirescu (known as Bégabalsor during the Austro-Hungarian administration): 230  is a street along the left bank of the Bega Canal in the Iosefin district of the western Romanian city of Timișoara. Its counterpart on the right bank is Splaiul Nicolae Titulescu. It was named after Tudor Vladimirescu, a prominent figure in Romanian history who led the Wallachian uprising of 1821.

It starts at the junction of Michael the Brave Boulevard (formerly Püspök út) and Michael the Brave Bridge (Püspök híd), crosses 16 December 1989 Boulevard (Hunyadi út) at the Mary Bridge (Hunyadi híd), and runs to Rahovei Street. It continues in Elisabetin as Vasile Pârvan Boulevard.

The German Consulate has been operating at number 9, in the Flavia Palace, since 2003.: 159

Vasile Pârvan Boulevard
Vasile Pârvan Boulevard (Romanian: Bulevardul Vasile Pârvan) is a boulevard in Timișoara, Romania. It emerges east of Splaiul Tudor Vladimirescu, extending the central thoroughfare toward the Cetate (historic core) neighborhood. Its creation was part of a broader pattern of urban expansion that followed the post-fortification redevelopment of Timișoara's urban layout—similar to other boulevards like Citadel Boulevard, established on the former fortress perimeter.

It borders the campuses of the Politehnica University and the West University and is aligned with entertainment venues and sports facilities along the left bank of the Bega Canal.

In the Romanian road network, the boulevard corresponds to national road 59 and European road 70.
Vancouver Barracks
The Vancouver Barracks was the first United States Army base located in the Pacific Northwest, established in 1849, in what is now contemporary Vancouver, Washington. It was built on a rise 20 feet (6.1 m) above the Fort Vancouver fur trading station established by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). Its buildings were formed in a line adjacent to the Columbia River approximately 2,000 yards (1,800 m) from the riverbank.

Yakima War
The Yakima War (1855–1858), also referred to as the Plateau War or Yakima Indian War, was a conflict between the United States and the Yakama, a Sahaptian-speaking people of the Northwest Plateau, then part of Washington Territory, and the tribal allies of each. It primarily took place in the southern interior of present-day Washington. Isolated battles in western Washington and the northern Inland Empire are sometimes separately referred to as the Puget Sound War and the Coeur d'Alene War, respectively.
2019 Fed Cup World Group II
The World Group II was the second highest level of Fed Cup competition in 2019. The winning nations advanced to the World Group play-offs, and the losing nations were relegated to the World Group II play-offs.

2019 Fed Cup World Group II play-offs
The 2019 World Group II play-offs was a Fed Cup tennis tournament consisting of four ties involving the losing nations of the World Group II and four nations from the three Zonal Group I competitions.

At the time of the ties taking place, it was expected that the winners would secure a place in the World Group II for 2020, while the losers would be relegated to their respective zonal Group I, in accordance with the existing competition structure.

However, the restructuring of the Fed Cup for 2020 announced on 27 June 2019 stipulated that the four winning nations will instead enter the 2020 Fed Cup Qualifiers. Of the four losing nations, the two with the highest ITF Fed Cup Nations Ranking (as of 22 April 2019) will also enter the 2020 Fed Cup Qualifiers, while only the remaining two losing nations will be relegated to their respective zonal Group I.
David Carr (wrestler)
David Aaron Carr (born March 28, 1999) is an American freestyle and former folkstyle wrestler who competes at 74 kilograms. In freestyle, Carr is a U20 World Champion and U17 World bronze medalist. Carr represented Team USA at the 2025 World Championships.

In folkstyle, he was a two-time NCAA Division I National champion and three-time finalist, as well as a four-time Big 12 Conference champion out of the Iowa State University. He currently competes in the Welterweight division of Real American Freestyle (RAF), where he is the current RAF Welterweight Champion.

Iowa State Cyclones wrestling
The Iowa State Cyclones wrestling team represents Iowa State University (ISU) and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The Cyclones are 8 time National Champions, 17 time National Runners-Up, and have 45 Trophy Finishes. The team is coached by Kevin Dresser.  The Cyclones host their home meets at Hilton Coliseum on Iowa State's campus. Iowa State became the second collegiate wrestling program to reach 1,100 dual wins on January 23, 2022.
Crataegus ambitiosa
Crataegus ambitiosa, the Grand Rapids hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn endemic to Michigan, in the Great Lakes region of North America. It has been placed in series Silvicolae. It can grow up to 20 feet (6.1 metres) tall.

Crataegus
Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
Monotonicity of entailment
Monotonicity of entailment is a property of many logical systems such that if a sentence follows deductively from a given set of sentences then it also follows deductively from any superset of those sentences. A corollary is that if a given argument is deductively  valid, it cannot become invalid by the addition of extra premises.

Logical systems with this property are called monotonic logics in order to differentiate them from non-monotonic logics. Classical logic and intuitionistic logic are examples of monotonic logics.

Structural rule
In the logical discipline of proof theory, a structural rule is an inference rule of a sequent calculus that does not refer to any logical connective but instead operates on the sequents directly. Structural rules often mimic the intended meta-theoretic properties of the logic. Logics that deny one or more of the structural rules are classified as substructural logics.
Alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics
At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway, the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday, 14 February, to Wednesday, 20 February. The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad, Buskerud, and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo.

The giant slalom made its Olympic debut, and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades, until 1988.  It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954, and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980. For fourteen World Championships (1954–1980), the combined was a "paper race," using the results from the three events (and required the completion of each).

Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics
At the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, the six alpine skiing events were held from Friday, 27 January to Friday, 3 February.

Toni Sailer of Austria won all three men's events to become the first alpine ski racer to win three gold medals in a single Olympics.  The feat has been repeated once, by Jean-Claude Killy in 1968.

The races were held at the adjacent Tofana, except for the men's giant slalom, which was held at Monte Faloria. The men's downhill was the final event.
Cerro de la Estrella National Park
Cerro de la Estrella National Park is centered on the Cerro de la Estrella mountain which is located entirely within eastern Mexico City, in the borough of Iztapalapa.

The park was originally designated in 1938 with 1,100 hectares, but the growth of the city has encroached on it and left it with less than 200 hectares. The park is meant to provide cultural and recreational opportunity as well as to protect the mountain, which is important archaeologically and culturally as the site of the pre Hispanic New Fire ceremony and the modern-day Passion Play. Archaeological remains include temples related to the ceremony and older structures such as housing units, petroglyphs, and a major temple related to the Teotihuacan culture. The park and the archaeological sites remain in danger of destruction by encroachment, use of land for agriculture, graffiti and the dumping of garbage.

Passion Play of Iztapalapa
The Passion Play of Iztapalapa is an annual event during Holy Week in the Iztapalapa borough of Mexico City. It one of the oldest and most elaborate passion plays in Mexico as well as the best known, covered by media both in Mexico and abroad. Unlike others in Latin America, its origins are not in the colonial period but rather in a cholera epidemic in the 19th century, which gave rise to a procession to petition relief. Over time, the procession included a passion play which grew to include various scenes related to Holy Week. Today, the play includes not only hundreds of actors but also thousands of men called “Nazarenes” who carry their own crosses to follow the actor chosen to play Jesus to the site where the crucifixion is reenacted. While the event is still primarily religious, it has also become a rite of identity for Iztapalapa (only residents of certain communities may participate) as well as a major tourism attraction for both the borough and the city.
Raleigh Downtown Live
Raleigh Downtown Live was a free summer concert series held in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, in Moore Square Park, in the Moore Square Historic District of downtown from 2005 to 2009.  It featured many top music artists from around the world, drawing over 70,000 music fans annually. It was a joint partnership between the City of Raleigh Convention Center and Deep South Entertainment of Raleigh, North Carolina. Deep South Entertainment continues to be based in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina, with a second office in Nashville, Tennessee. Deep South Entertainment currently produces the Oak City 7 summer concert series in Downtown Raleigh.

Raleigh Convention Center
The Raleigh Convention Center is a convention and exhibition facility in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina that opened in September 2008. The architect was Tvsdesign with the participation of local firms O'Brien/Atkins Associates and Clearscapes.
Estadio José Rico Pérez
Estadio José Rico Pérez is a multi-purpose stadium in Alicante, Spain.  It is currently used mostly for football matches, being home to Hércules CF. It also hosted World Cup matches when Spain organized the event in 1982. With a capacity of 24,704 seats, it is the 25th-largest stadium in Spain and the 4th-largest in the Valencian Community. It was built in 1974, and is situated 2 miles outside Alicante city centre. The stadium is named after the former chairman of Hércules CF, José Rico Pérez (1918–2010).

José Rico Pérez
José Rico Pérez (13 March 1918 in Daya Nueva  – 6 July 2010 in Alacant) was a Spanish businessman who was chairman of the Spanish football club Hércules CF from 1971  until  1985.

During Rico's tenure Hércules went through the most successful era in their history spending eight consecutive seasons in the Primera Liga between 1974 and 1982, which included a fifth placed finish during the 1974–75 season .

Rico was also instrumental in helping Alacant become one of the cities of the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain, and the stadium of the city is named as him.
Ava (poet)
The poet Ava (c. 1060 – 7 February 1127), also known as Frau Ava, Ava of Göttweig or Ava of Melk, was the first named female writer in any genre in the German language. She is the author of five poems which focus on Christian themes of salvation and the second coming of Christ. Her work on the lives of John the Baptist and Jesus "has been praised as the first German epic". Her simple rhyming couplets  made complex biblical teachings accessible in the vernacular.

Göttweig Abbey
Göttweig Abbey (German: Stift Göttweig) is a Benedictine monastery near Krems in Lower Austria. It was founded in 1083 by Altmann, Bishop of Passau. In the middle ages the abbey was a seat of learning with a library and a monastic school. The abbey went through a period of decline during the 15th and 16th centuries and in 1580 it was mostly destroyed by a fire. Under a new abbot brought in from Melk Abbey the monastery was rebuilt and restored. After another fire in 1718 the abbey had to be rebuilt again. The new building includes the largest Baroque staircase in Austria with a fresco that is considered a masterpiece of its era. Today the abbey is renowned for its library which holds a valuable collection of books, manuscripts, coins and antiquities.
Curtiss SO3C Seamew
The Curtiss SO3C Seamew was developed by the Curtiss-Wright Corporation as a replacement for the SOC Seagull as the United States Navy's standard floatplane scout. Curtiss named the SO3C the Seamew but in 1941 the US Navy began calling it by the name Seagull, the same name as the aircraft it replaced (the Curtiss SOC a biplane type), causing some confusion. The British Royal Navy kept the Curtiss name, Seamew, for the SO3Cs that they ordered. One of the US Navy's main design requirements was that the SOC Seagull's replacement had to be able to operate both from ocean vessels with a single center float and from land bases with the float replaced by a wheeled landing gear.

744 Naval Air Squadron
744 Naval Air Squadron (744 NAS) is a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It was originally established in 1943 in Nova Scotia and has undergone various re-designations and reformations throughout its history. The squadron has transitioned from early air gunner training to anti-submarine warfare and trials, and in 2018, it reformed at MoD Boscombe Down as the Mission Systems and Armament Test and Evaluation Squadron. Now, in 2024, 744 Naval Air Squadron is taking on the new role of Joint Uncrewed Air System Test and Evaluation Squadron (JUAS TES), leading the Ministry of Defence's efforts in UAS testing and evaluation.