hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dundas (federal electoral district)
Dundas was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1925. It was created by the British North America Act 1867.

It consisted initially of Dundas County. In 1914, it was expanded to include the townships of Finch and Osnabruck, and the village of Finch from neighbouring Stormont County, which had previously been in the riding of Stormont.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was merged into Grenville—Dundas riding.

Grenville—Dundas (federal electoral district)
Grenville—Dundas was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1968. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1925 from parts of Dundas and Grenville ridings.

It consisted of the counties of Grenville and Dundas.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Grenville—Carleton and Stormont—Dundas ridings.
SPINA-GBeta
SPINA-GBeta is a calculated biomarker for pancreatic beta cell function. It represents the maximum amount of insulin that beta cells can produce per time-unit (e.g. in one second).

The method of calculation is based on a time-discrete nonlinear feedback model of insulin-glucose homeostasis that is rooted in the MiMe-NoCoDI modeling platform for endocrine systems.

Pancreatic beta cell function
Pancreatic beta cell function (synonyms Gβ or, if calculated from fasting concentrations of insulin and glucose, HOMA-Beta or SPINA-GBeta) is one of the preconditions of euglycaemia, i.e. normal blood sugar regulation. It is defined as insulin secretory capacity, i.e. the maximum amount of insulin to be produced by beta cells in a given unit of time.
Garner Field
Garner Field (IATA: UVA, ICAO: KUVA, FAA LID: UVA) is an airport in Uvalde County, Texas, three miles east of the city of Uvalde, which owns it. It is named for John Nance Garner, 32nd Vice President of the United States.

Uvalde, Texas
Uvalde (/juːˈvældi/ ⓘ yoo-VAL-dee) is a city in and the county seat of Uvalde County, Texas, United States. The population was 15,217 at the 2020 census, down from 15,751 in 2010. It is the principal city in the Uvalde, Texas Micropolitan Statistical Area. Uvalde is located in the Texas Hill Country, 80 miles (130 km) west of downtown San Antonio and 54 miles (87 km) east of the Mexico–United States border.
Fiber-optic cable
A fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable is used. Different types of cable are used for fiber-optic communication in different applications, for example long-distance telecommunication or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building.

Optical fiber connector
An optical fiber connector is a device used to link optical fibers, facilitating the efficient transmission of light signals. An optical fiber connector enables quicker connection and disconnection than splicing.

They come in various types like SC, LC, ST, and MTP, each designed for specific applications. In all, about 100 different types of fiber optic connectors have been introduced to the market.

These connectors include components such as ferrules and alignment sleeves for precise fiber alignment.  Quality connectors lose very little light due to reflection or misalignment of the fibers.

Optical fiber connectors are categorized into single-mode and multimode types based on their distinct characteristics. Industry standards ensure compatibility among different connector types and manufacturers. These connectors find applications in telecommunications, data centers, and industrial settings.
Don Knabe Community Regional Park
Don Knabe Community Regional Park, previously known as Cerritos Community Regional Park, is an urban park in Cerritos, California. It contains a few large sculptures, two fishing lakes, and many other amenities.

The park was retitled to its current name on November 30, 2016, to honor the former supervisor Don Knabe. It was recommended by former mayor and supervisor Michael D. Antonovich.

Cerritos, California
Cerritos (/səˈriːtoʊz/; Spanish for "Little hills") is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, and is one of several cities that constitute the Gateway Cities of southeast Los Angeles County. It was incorporated on April 24, 1956. As of 2020, the population was 49,578. It is part of the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, California Metropolitan Statistical Area designated by the Office of Management and Budget.
Resistance during World War II
During World War II, resistance movements operated in German-occupied Europe by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation to propaganda, hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. In many countries, resistance movements were sometimes also referred to as The Underground.

While resistance groups played a significant auxiliary role in harassing the enemy, their military impact was limited, and they were incapable of liberating their nations alone. Overall, the effectiveness of resistance movements during World War II is generally measured more by their political and moral impact than their decisive military contribution to the overall Allied victory.

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
The Ribbon, Sydney
The Ribbon is a hotel, apartment building, retail store and movie theatre located in Darling Harbour, Sydney. It contains the W Sydney hotel and IMAX Sydney, the third-largest operating movie theatre screen in the world. The building is named The Ribbon due to its unusual ribbon-like appearance. On its northern and southern sides, the building is flanked by two carriageways of the Western Distributor.

Darling Harbour
Darling Harbour is a harbour and neighborhood adjacent to the city centre of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, that is made up of a large recreational and pedestrian precinct that is situated on western outskirts of the Sydney central business district.

Originally named Long Cove, the locality extends northwards from Chinatown, along both sides of Cockle Bay to King Street Wharf on the east, and to the suburb of Pyrmont on the west. Cockle Bay is just one of the waterways that makes up Darling Harbour, which opens north into the much larger Port Jackson.

The precinct and its immediate surroundings are administered independently of the local government area of the City of Sydney, by Property NSW.
1982 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race
The Junior men's race at the 1982 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Rome, Italy, at the Ippodromo delle Capannelle on March 21, 1982.   A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.

1982 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 1982 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Rome, Italy, at the Ippodromo delle Capannelle on March 21, 1982.   A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results for men, junior men, women, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.  In the senior men's competition, two-time defending champion Craig Virgin had traveled to Rome to defend his title, but was unable to race.  On the day before the contest, was sent to the hospital by ambulance, where he was hospitalized for six days with a swollen kidney and a massive urinary tract infection.  Doctors ultimately decided against removal of Virgin's right kidney, although the kidney was later removed in 1994.
Hyegwan
Hyegwan (Japanese: Ekan (慧灌, year of birth and death unknown; 7th century CE) was a priest who came across the sea from Goguryeo to Japan in the Asuka period. He is known for introducing the Chinese Buddhist school of Sanlun to Japan.

Hyegwan studied under Jizang and learned Sanron. In 625 (the 33rd year of Empress Suiko), he was dispatched to Japan by an order of King Yeongnyu of Goguryeo, and became the founding patriarch of Japanese Sanron. He lived at Gangō-ji (元興寺 Gangō temple) by an Imperial command. However, Gyōnen wrote that Hyegwan did not lecture on Sanron or start the Japanese tradition, although he "held the jade" (i.e., possessed knowledge of the teachings).

Jizang
Jizang (Chinese: 吉藏; pinyin: Jízàng; Wade–Giles: Chi-tsang. Japanese: 吉蔵 (kichizō)) (549–623) was a Persian-Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar who is often regarded as the founder of East Asian Mādhyamaka. He is also known as Jiaxiang or Master Jiaxiang (Chinese: 嘉祥; Wade–Giles: chia hsiang) because he acquired fame at the Jiaxiang Temple.
Kenton station
Kenton is an interchange station situated on Kenton Road in Kenton, north-west London. It is on the Bakerloo line of the London Underground and the Lioness line of the London Overground, between Harrow & Wealdstone and South Kenton stations. It also has an out-of-station interchange with Northwick Park station on the London Underground's Metropolitan line.

Kenton, London
Kenton is a district in north-west London, England, to the east of Harrow and historically in Middlesex. As with surroundings in Harrow, Wembley and Kingsbury, the area was a product of Metroland suburbia of the early 20th century. Both the London and North Western Railway and Metropolitan Railway reached the area by the 1920s. The main road through Kenton, the east-west Kenton Road, is a busy and important road that links Harrow to the major Edgware Road. The road now forms the boundary between the London boroughs of Harrow and Brent.
Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law
Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law is a 1659 oil-on-canvas painting of the prophet Moses by the Dutch artist Rembrandt. It depicts Moses about to break the original two stone tablets inscribed with the Ten Commandments. It is now in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin.

Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
The Gemäldegalerie (German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmɛːldəɡaləˌʁiː], lit. 'Painting Gallery') is an art museum in Berlin, Germany, and the museum where the main selection of paintings belonging to the Berlin State Museums (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin) is displayed.  It was first opened in 1830, and the current building was completed in 1998. It is located in the Kulturforum museum district west of Potsdamer Platz.

It holds one of the world's leading collections of European paintings from the 13th to the 18th centuries.  Its collection includes masterpieces from such artists as Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach, Hans Holbein, Rogier van der Weyden, Jan van Eyck, Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, Caravaggio, Peter Paul Rubens, David Teniers the Younger, Rembrandt, Frans Hals, Johannes Vermeer, Thomas Gainsborough, Joshua Reynolds  and Antonio Viviani.
Capel Curig
Capel Curig (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkɑːpɛl ˈkɨːrɪɡ]; meaning "Curig's Chapel") is a village and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales. Historically in Caernarfonshire, it lies in the heart of Snowdonia, on the River Llugwy, and has a population of 226, reducing slightly to 206 at the 2011 census.  It lies at the junction of the A5 road from Bangor and Bethesda to Betws-y-Coed with the A4086 road from Caernarfon, Llanberis, Pen-y-Pass and Pen-y-Gwryd. It is surrounded by hills and mountains, including Moel Siabod and Pen Llithrig y Wrach.

Moel Siabod
Moel Siabod (Welsh for 'bare hill' with unknown meaning of 'Siabod') is a mountain in Snowdonia, Wales, which sits isolated above the village of Dolwyddelan. At 872 metres (2,861 ft), it is the highest peak in the Moelwynion mountain range. The UK National Mountain Centre, Plas-y-Brenin, is located at the foot of Moel Siabod. From the top of the mountain, it is reputedly possible to see 13 of the 15 highest peaks in Wales on a clear day without turning one's head.
Pete Mathews Coliseum
Pete Mathews Coliseum (also known as "The Pete") is a 3,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Jacksonville, Alabama. It is home to the Jacksonville State University Gamecocks men's and women's basketball teams as well as the women's volleyball team. It also hosts the annual Calhoun County High School Basketball Tournament held each January, in which all high school basketball teams in Calhoun County, Alabama compete.  The arena has been the annual host for this event since the early 1990s.  Prior to that time, the event was held in different facilities around Calhoun County (most often at the Anniston High School auditorium). The venue opened in 1974 when the basketball team moved there from Stephenson Hall.  In addition to the arena, the coliseum also houses an indoor swimming pool. Prior to the 2015 renovation, a concourse that was used as a jogging track circled the basketball court.

Jacksonville State University
Jacksonville State University (JSU or Jax State) is a public university in Jacksonville, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1883, Jacksonville State offers programs of study in six academic schools leading to bachelor's, master's, education specialist, and doctorate degrees in addition to certificate programs and continuing education opportunities.

The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School, and in 1930, the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College, and again in 1957, to Jacksonville State College. The university began operating under its current name in 1966.

JSU currently has an enrollment of more than 9,000 students, with nearly 500 faculty members (more than 300 of whom are full-time). It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Convoy HX 84
Convoy HX 84 was the 84th of the numbered series of Allied North Atlantic HX convoys of merchant ships from Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Bermuda to Liverpool, England, during the Battle of the Atlantic. Thirty-eight ships escorted by the armed merchant cruiser HMS Jervis Bay departed from Halifax on 28 October 1940, eastbound to Liverpool.

HX convoys
HX convoys were transatlantic convoys in the North Atlantic during the First World War and in the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War. HX convoys sailed eastwards from Halifax, Nova Scotia in Canada, to Liverpool and other ports in Britain. They rendezvoused with BHX convoys from Bermuda en route. After the United States entered the war, HX convoys began at New York.

The HX series consisted of 377 convoys, with 17,744 ships. Thirty-eight convoys were attacked (about 10 per cent), with the loss of 110 ships in convoy; sixty stragglers were sunk and 36 lost while detached or after dispersal, with losses from marine accident and other causes, for a total loss of 206 ships or about 1 per cent of the total.
Lake Kanozero
Kanozero (Russian: Канозеро) is a lake on the river Umba in Murmansk Oblast in Russia.

The lake is 32 km long and between three and six kilometers wide. Ita area is 84.3 square kilometres (32.5 sq mi). It is situated about halfway between Lake Umbozero and the White Sea.  The Umba river enters the lake on the east side, about five kilometers from its northern end.  Two of the Umba's main tributaries, the Kana and the Muna, flow into the Umba through Lake Kanozero.

The lake has two outflow channels: At Zasheyek-Kanozero at the very southern end of the lake the Rodvinga channel exits through the Kanoserskiy Falls, while five kilometers to the northeast the Kitsa channel leaves the lake over the Padun Falls.  The channels rejoin in Lake Ponchozero about ten kilometers downriver.

Lake Kanozero is also known for the Kanozero Petroglyphs.

Umba (White Sea)
The Umba (Russian: Умба) is a river on the Kola Peninsula, Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It discharges into the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea. It is 123 kilometres (76 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 6,250 square kilometres (2,410 sq mi).
Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland
The Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland (Spanish: Partido Comunista del Perú – Patria Roja, PCP-PR) is a far-left, communist political party in Peru. It was founded in 1970, through a split in the Peruvian Communist Party – Red Flag. It is led by Alberto Moreno and Rolando Breña. Its youth wing is the Communist Youth of Peru.

In 1980 it participated in the general elections on the lists of UNIR. In the same year it became one of the founding organizations of the United Left (IU). After the downfall of IU, PCdelP-PR launched New Left Movement (MNI) as its electoral front. Currently PCdelP-PR is the major Marxist group in the country. It used to participate in the build-up of the Broad Left Front (FAI) and it is currently a member of the left-wing electoral coalition Together for Peru.

The general secretary of the party, Alberto Moreno, was the FAI candidate in the 2006 presidential elections.

The official organ of the Central Committee of the party is called Patria Roja.

Revolutionary Left Union
Revolutionary Left Union (in Spanish: Unión de Izquierda Revolucionaria), was an electoral front in Peru founded in 1980 by Communist Party of Peru (Red Fatherland), Revolutionary Vanguard (Communist Proletarian) and National Liberation Front. UNIR participated on the lists of IU from the municipal elections 1980 to 1993.
Methyl phenyl sulfoxide
Methyl phenyl sulfoxide is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH3S(O)C6H5.  A low-melting white solid, it is an oxidized derivative of thioanisole. The compound is a prototypical chiral sulfoxide.  As such it has been prepared by asymmetric oxidation.

Sulfoxide
In organic chemistry, a sulfoxide, also called a sulphoxide, is an organosulfur compound containing a sulfinyl (>SO) functional group attached to two carbon atoms. It is a polar functional group.  Sulfoxides are oxidized derivatives of sulfides. Examples of important sulfoxides are alliin, a precursor to the compound that gives freshly crushed garlic its aroma, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a common solvent.
Mataram Sultanate
The Sultanate of Mataram (/məˈtɑːrəm/) was the last major independent Javanese kingdom on the island of Java before it was colonised by the Dutch. It was the dominant political force radiating from the interior of Central Java from the late 16th century until the beginning of the 18th century.

Mataram reached its peak of power during the reign of Sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo (r. 1613–1645), and began to decline after his death in 1645. By the mid-18th century, Mataram lost both power and territory to the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; VOC). It had become a vassal state of the company by 1749.

Amangkurat III of Mataram
Amangkurat III (Amangkurat Mas; died in Dutch Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), 1734) was a short-lived susuhunan (ruler) of the Sultanate of Mataram, who reigned 1703–1705.

When his father Amangkurat II of Mataram died, he soon lost his half-uncle Prince Puger in the First Javanese War of Succession, which lasted for five years until the Dutch managed to install Prince Puger as Pakubuwono I. Amangkurat was deposed, but not caught until 1707. He was subsequently exiled to Ceylon, where he died some three decades after his ouster from power.
Shire of Woorayl
The Shire of Woorayl was a local government area about 130 kilometres (81 mi) southeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 1,245.79 square kilometres (481.0 sq mi), and existed from 1888 until 1994.

Shire of Narracan
The Shire of Narracan was a local government area about 120 kilometres (75 mi) east-southeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 2,300 square kilometres (888.0 sq mi), and existed from 1878 until 1994.
F1 submachine gun
The F1 is a 9×19mm Australian submachine gun manufactured by the Lithgow Small Arms Factory. First issued to Australian troops in July 1963, it replaced the Owen machine carbine.

Like the Owen, the F1 had a distinctive top mounted magazine. It had a robust and simple design, but "never gained popularity with those using it" and in Vietnam it was later largely replaced by the US-made M16A1 rifle. The F1 was retired in the early 1990s and replaced by the F88C Austeyr, an Australian-built version of the Steyr AUG rifle.

Some 25,000 were produced by Lithgow from 1962 to 1973. While the F1 is no longer used by Australia, a shipment of F1s was also donated to the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary by Australia.

Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) or sub-gun is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns.

In the 20th century, the submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a close-quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for assault troops and auxiliaries whose doctrines emphasized close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War, especially among special forces, commandos and mechanized infantrymen. Submachine gun usage for frontline combat decreased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Siaʻatoutai Theological College
Siaʻatoutai Theological College is a theological seminary in Tonga. It was established in 1948 by the Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga, as a separate institution from Tupou College. The College is a member of the South Pacific Association of Theological Schools, and offers a Bachelor of Divinity programme accredited by the same. As of 2016, more than 190 students attend the college.

Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga
The Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga (FWCT; Tongan: Siasi Uēsiliana Tau‘atāina ‘o Tonga) is a Methodist denomination in Tonga. It is the largest Christian denomination in the nation and has close ties with the Monarch. It has its roots in the arrival of the first missionaries from the London Missionary Society and the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist Mission Society, the latter of which cemented its Methodist identity.

The Tongan Royal Family has had a close relationship with the denomination since the arrival of Christianity on the island, and many of them have been prominent members; thus, with these factors, the FWCT can be considered a de facto state church.
Camerana
Camerana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Cuneo.

Camerana borders the following municipalities: Gottasecca, Mombarcaro, Monesiglio, Montezemolo, Sale delle Langhe, Sale San Giovanni, and Saliceto.

Mombarcaro
Mombarcaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 319 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).

Mombarcaro borders the following municipalities: Camerana, Gorzegno, Monesiglio, Murazzano, Niella Belbo, Paroldo, Prunetto, Sale San Giovanni, and San Benedetto Belbo.