hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mahmoud al-Ayyubi
Mahmoud al-Ayyubi (Arabic: محمود الأيوبي, romanized: Maḥmūd al-Ayyūbī;‎ 1932 – 11 October 2013) was a Syrian-Kurdish politician who served as the Vice President of Syria from 1971 to 1976. He was born to a prominent political family in Damascus, Syria and also served as the country's Prime Minister until 1976.

Al-Ayoubi family
Al-Ayoubi is a prominent family based in Damascus, many of whose members have held political office in Syria, Iraq and Jordan. The family claims descent from the medieval Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin, which ruled over Egypt, Syria and other parts of the Middle East in the 12th–13th centuries, with remnant polities surviving into the 14th–17th centuries.

The family has played a significant role in the political, economic, and social landscape of the modern era, with its members holding influential positions in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Today, most of the family resides in major cities such as Damascus, Beirut.
Daris
Daris, also spelled Darris, (Arabic: دارس), is a male given name and a surname with multiple origins.

As a given name, Daris is of Arabic origin. In Arabic, it is derived from the root d-r-s (درس) which relates to the concept of studying, learning, and lessons.

The name is popular in the Balkans, particularly in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia. Its popularity in Bosnia and Herzegovina is likely due to its similarity to previously popular names, such as Haris and Faris. In Croatia, it is likely a modification of the previously popular name Dario.

Faris (name)
Faris is an Arabic masculine given name and surname.

In Arabic, Faris (فارس) translates to "knight."

In the Balkans, Faris is popular among Bosniaks in the former Yugoslav nations. It is similar to other popular names in the region, such as Haris and Daris. This region also has a female equivalent: Farisa.

It is also used as a surname, particularly by Europeans, which is likely an anglicization of the surname MacFergus.
KUSF (University of San Francisco)
KUSF is an online-only radio station owned by the University of San Francisco and operated by its students. From 1963 until 2011, the station was a non-commercial radio station licensed to San Francisco, California, broadcast at 90.3 FM MHz.

University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco (USF) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco, California, United States. Founded in 1855, it has nearly 9,000 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees in 59 major programs. In addition to its main campus in the Golden Gate area, it has satellite campuses in downtown San Francisco, Orange County, Sacramento, San Jose, and Santa Rosa.
Sandringham Football Club
The Sandringham Football Club, nicknamed the Zebras, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Sandringham. It currently competes in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the VFL Women's (VFLW).

Sandringham has competed in the VFL – originally known as the Victorian Football Association (VFA) – since 1929, and was one of only two clubs to not be relegated to Division 2 when the VFA was split into two divisions.

Sandringham men's side is a standalone outfit and is not affiliated with any other club. Between 2009 and 2025, the club had a reserves affiliation with Australian Football League (AFL) club St Kilda, and prior to that were affiliated with Melbourne. The club's women's side, which competes in the VFLW, retains an affiliation with St Kilda.

Australian Football League reserves affiliations
The Australian Football League stages the highest-level senior Australian rules football competition in the country.

However, there has not been a league-wide reserves competition since 1987, when the then-Victorian Football League expanded interstate to become the modern Australian Football League, with the AFL reserves competition being shut down at the end of the 1999 season.

Since that time, AFL-listed players who have not been selected in their senior teams are made eligible to play in one of three state leagues: the Victorian Football League, the South Australian National Football League and the West Australian Football League.

The system used to accommodate AFL-listed players within these leagues varies considerably from state to state.
Interchange (freight rail)
In freight rail transport, interchange is the practice of railroads conveying freight cars ("foreign" cars) from other companies over their lines. This benefits shippers, whose cargo might otherwise have to be transhipped if the point of origin and destination are not both served by the same company.

In passenger rail transport the term through car or through coach is used to denote a passenger car which is conveyed from one train to another, even within the same system.

Interchange is sometimes equivalent to the practice of demurrage.

Dividing train
A dividing train is a passenger train that separates into two trains partway along its route, so as to serve two destinations. Inversely, two trains from different origins may be coupled together mid-route to reach a common endpoint. Trains on complex routes may divide or couple multiple times. The general term for coupling two or more trains along their shared route sections is portion working.

For example, the westbound Empire Builder travels from Chicago Union Station to Spokane, Washington, where its cars are divided into two trains: one continues to Portland Union Station and one to King Street Station, Seattle. On the eastbound trip, trains from Portland and Seattle are coupled at Spokane before traveling as one train to Chicago.

Dividing trains are useful where line capacity is limited, allowing multiple trains to use the same path over a congested part of a network. The common sections will often be the busiest parts of the routes.
Carcharodon
Carcharodon (from Ancient Greek κάρχαρος (kárkharos), meaning "sharp, jagged", and ὀδούς (odoús), meaning "tooth", and thus, "sharp tooth/jagged tooth") is a genus of sharks within the family Lamnidae, colloquially called the "white sharks." The only extant member is the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Extinct species include C. hubbelli and C. hastalis. The first appearance of the genus may have been as early as the Early Miocene or Late Oligocene. Carcharocles megalodon is still argued by some paleontologists (e.g. Michael D. Gottfried, Leonard Compagno, and Ewan Fordyce) to be a close relative of Carcharodon carcharias - as well as being in the same genus. When Megalodon belonged to this genus it had the scientific name Carcharodon megalodon. More recently, Megalodon has been assigned by most scientists to either the genus Carcharocles or Otodus.

Carcharomodus
Carcharomodus is an extinct genus of lamnid shark. Its only species is Carcharomodus escheri, commonly nicknamed the serrated mako shark or Escher's mako shark. It is an extinct lamnid that lived during the Miocene and that was formerly thought to have been transitional between the broad-toothed "mako" Cosmopolitodus hastalis and the modern great white, but is now considered to be an evolutionary dead-end with the discovery of Carcharodon hubbelli. Fossil examples have been found along northern Atlantic coastlines and in parts of Western and Central Europe.
2013 Quebec Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2013 Quebec Scotties Tournament of Hearts was held from January 22 to 27 at the Centre sportif Victoriaville in Victoriaville, Quebec. The winning team represented Quebec at the 2013 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Kingston, Ontario,

2013 Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2013 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the Canadian women's national curling championship, was held from February 16 to 24 at the K-Rock Centre in Kingston, Ontario. It was the ninth time Ontario hosted the Tournament of Hearts. Ontario last hosted the Scotties in 2010 in Sault Ste. Marie.

In the final, Rachel Homan of Ontario defeated former Scotties champion Jennifer Jones with a score of 9–6 to claim her first Scotties title. Homan and her team went on to represent Canada at the 2013 World Women's Curling Championship in Riga, Latvia.
2016 Open Championship
The 2016 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 145th Open Championship, played from 14–17 July at Royal Troon Golf Club in Troon, South Ayrshire, Scotland. It was the ninth Open Championship played at the Old Course of Troon, and the fifth since gaining royal status.

Henrik Stenson shot a final round 63 for 264, a record 20-under par, three strokes ahead of runner-up Phil Mickelson, the 2013 champion. The leader after 54 holes, Stenson became the first Scandinavian man to win a major title. The duo's final-day battle, ending fourteen and eleven shots clear of third-place J. B. Holmes, was dubbed "High Noon at Troon" and compared in quality to the renowned "Duel in the Sun" of 1977.

Royal Troon Golf Club
Royal Troon Golf Club is a links golf course in Scotland, located in Troon, South Ayrshire. The club was established in 1878, and originally only consisted of five holes whereas today, it has increased to a total of 45 holes. Its Old Course is one of the host courses for The Open Championship, one of the major championships on the PGA Tour and European Tour. The Club most recently hosted in 2024 for the tenth time. It also hosted the Women's British Open in 2020.

On 1 July 2016, Royal Troon members voted overwhelmingly to admit women into the club as members, avoiding a potential controversy that could have led to the club being removed from the Open Championship rota.
Mission Regional Chamber of Commerce
The Mission Regional Chamber of Commerce (MRCC) is a Canadian non-profit organization that acts as an advocate for economic development in the region and promotes area tourism to visitors and locals.

It serves the businesses of Mission, British Columbia, and acts as a Chamber of Commerce, similar to a Board of Trade.

Mission, British Columbia
Mission is a city in the Lower Mainland of the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was originally incorporated as a district municipality in 1892, growing to include additional villages and rural areas over the years, adding the original Town of Mission City, along an independent core of the region, in 1969. It is bordered by the city of Abbotsford to the south and the city of Maple Ridge to the west. To the east are the unincorporated areas of Hatzic and Dewdney.

It is situated on the north bank of the Fraser River, backing onto mountains and lakes overlooking the Central Fraser Valley 65 km (40 miles) southeast of Vancouver.
First no Kai
First no Kai (Japanese: ファーストの会) is a Japanese political party. The party was founded in October 2021 as a sister party of Tomin First no Kai, a political party that is based in and only competes in the city of Tokyo. Tomin First no Kai is the second largest political party in the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly (behind only the ruling Liberal Democratic Party), but the party previously lacked any representation at the national level. Tomin First had previously created a national party called Kibō no Tō before the 2017 general election, but that party merged with the Democratic Party in 2018 to form the Democratic Party for the People.

First no Kai was founded in preparation for the 2021 general election and plans to nominate candidates to run for seats in the House of Representatives (both single-seat and proportional representation) mainly in the city of Tokyo.

The party's leader, Chiharu Araki, said in 2021 that First no Kai is "conservative centrist".

Tomin First no Kai
Tomin First no Kai (Japanese: 都民ファーストの会, Hepburn: Tomin Fāsuto no Kai; Tokyoites First Party) is a regional political party in Tokyo, Japan.

The party was founded by Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike in 2017. Koike later stepped down as the party's leader and is no longer officially affiliated with the party, however her policies and image continue to form the backbone of the party's platform and she continues to endorse and campaign for its candidates.

The party won the most seats in the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly in 2017 in what was widely described as a wave election, the party later lost control of the Assembly in the 2021 election, becoming the second-largest party in the chamber.
Muskiki Formation
The Muskiki Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

The formation is named after Muskiki Lake and Muskiki Creek, a tributary of the Cardinal River, and was first described in an outcrop along the Thistle Creek, north of Muskiki Lake, in the Bighorn Range, by D.F. Stott in 1963. The name is of Cree origin ("maskihkîy"), meaning medicine.

Alberta Group
The Alberta Group is a stratigraphic unit of Cenomanian to early Campanian age in the Lewis overthrust in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from the province of Alberta, and was first described in outcrops along the Highwood River in southern Alberta by G.S. Hume in 1930.
Airedale Academy
Airedale Academy (formerly known as Airedale High School) is a secondary school and sixth form on Crewe Road in a suburb of Castleford in West Yorkshire, England. Castleford Academy Trust recently merged with Northern Ambition Academies Trust. Castleford Academy Trust now has 9 schools. 3 secondary Academies and 6 Primary.

Castleford
Castleford is a town within the City of Wakefield district, West Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 45,106 at a 2021 population estimate. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to the north of the town centre the River Calder joins the River Aire and the Aire and Calder Navigation. It is located north east of Wakefield, north of Pontefract and south east of Leeds. Castleford is the largest town in the Wakefield district after Wakefield itself.

The town is the site of a Roman settlement. Within the historical Municipal Borough of Castleford are the suburbs of Airedale, Cutsyke, Ferry Fryston, Fryston Village, Glasshoughton, Half Acres, Hightown, Lock Lane, Townville, Wheldale and Whitwood.

Castleford is home to the rugby league Super League team Castleford Tigers.
Black rot on orchids
Black rot on orchids is caused by Pythium and Phytophthora species. Black rot targets a variety of orchids but Cattleya orchids are especially susceptible. Pythium ultimum and Phytophthora cactorum are known to cause black rot in orchids.

Pythium ultimum is a pathogen that causes damping-off and root rot on plants. Symptoms of this pathogen include stunting and chlorosis. Identifying Pythium ultimum has traditionally been done by examining oogonia, antheridia, and sporangium structure. Now, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology can identify the pathogen using DNA fragments.

Phytophthora cactorum is a pathogen that causes root rot on many plant species. Symptoms of this pathogen include necrosis in the roots, chlorosis, and wilting. Phytophthora cactorum can be identified by examining oogonia, antheridium, oospore, and sporangia structure.

Phytophthora cactorum
Phytophthora cactorum is a fungal-like plant pathogen belonging to the Oomycota phylum. It is the causal agent of root rot on rhododendron and many other species, as well as leather rot of strawberries.: 33
Camandona
Camandona is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 425 and an area of 9.5 square kilometres (3.7 mi2).

Camandona borders the following municipalities: Bioglio, Callabiana, Pettinengo, Piatto, Trivero, Vallanzengo, Valle San Nicolao, Veglio.

Vallanzengo
Vallanzengo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) northwest of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 236 and an area of 3.9 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi).

Vallanzengo borders the following municipalities: Bioglio, Callabiana, Camandona, Mosso, Piatto, Quaregna, Trivero, Valle Mosso, Valle San Nicolao.
Banca Popolare dell'Alto Lazio
Banca Popolare dell'Alto Lazio S.c.r.l. was an Italian cooperative bank based in Rome, Lazio.

The bank was created as a result of the  merger of Banca Federale di Amatrice (founded 1917), Banca Popolare Sabina di Poggio Mirteto e Casperia (founded 1884), Banca Mutua Popolare Maglianese (1887) and Banca Popolare di Civitavecchia (founded 1963) on 23 December 1974.

The bank had 12 branches in addition to its headquarters in Rome. It had deposits (Italian: massa fiduciaria) of 450,226,481,885 lire in 1988.

It merged with Banca Popolare dell'Etruria on 31 December 1988. It was ranked the 222nd according to a research by Mediobanca.

Banca Tirrenica
Banca Tirrenica S.p.A. formerly known as Nuova Banca dell'Etruria e del Lazio S.p.A. was an Italian bank based in Arezzo, Tuscany. The bank was re-established on 22 November 2015 as a good bank of the original Banca Popolare dell'Etruria e del Lazio (BPEL). The bank was bought by UBI Banca on 18 January 2017 for a nominal fee.

Both Tyrrhenian and Etruria were alternative names for the area that is located in Central Western Italy.
Thruston's Additional Continental Regiment
Thruston's Additional Continental Regiment was an American infantry unit that served for a little more than two years in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Authorized in March 1777, four companies were organized in Virginia during the spring and summer of 1777. George Washington appointed influential Shenandoah Valley political leader Charles Mynn Thruston as colonel in command. The regiment participated in the Philadelphia Campaign in late 1777. One company was detached from the regiment on 4 April 1778 and became part of Hartley's Additional Continental Regiment. The unit was present in the Monmouth Campaign in June 1778. What was left of the regiment was attached to Grayson's Additional Continental Regiment on 15 November 1778. Grayson's and Thruston's Regiments were absorbed by Gist's Additional Continental Regiment on 22 April 1779 and Thruston's Regiment ceased to exist.

Extra Continental regiments and Additional Continental regiments
The Extra Continental regiments and Additional Continental regiments of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) differ from each other and from all other Continental Army infantry regiments by the manner in which they formed. The six Extra Continental regiments, which were authorized by Congress and organized in late 1775 to mid-1776, are distinct by having formed without any administrative connection to an individual state.

The 16 Additional Continental regiments were approved by Congress as a separate group on December 27, 1776, specifically in response to a request from Gen. George Washington for additional troops, and Congress expressly delegated their formation directly to Washington. All Additional Continental regiments were organized in the spring and summer of 1777. In contrast to both the Extra and Additional regiments, all other infantry regiments of the army were organized and supported under the direct authority of individual state governments (the "line regiments").
Outagamie County, Wisconsin
Outagamie County (/ˌaʊtəˈɡeɪmi/ OW-tə-GAY-mee) is a county in the Fox Cities region of the U.S. state of Wisconsin, in the northeast of the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 190,705. Its county seat is Appleton.

Outagamie County is part of the Appleton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is itself part of the Appleton-Neenah-Oshkosh Combined Statistical Area. It was named for the historic Meskwaki (Fox) people.

Waupaca County, Wisconsin
Waupaca County (/wəˈpækə/ ⓘ wə-PAK-ə) is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 51,812. The county seat is Waupaca. The county was created in 1851 and organized in 1853. It is named after the Waupaca River, a Menominee language name meaning "place of tomorrow seen clearly."
Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma
Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma (born 13 August 1968), known colloquially as Prince Rama Varma, is an Indian classical musician and a member of the erstwhile Royal Family of Travancore. He is a Carnatic vocalist as well as an exponent of the Saraswati Veena.

Saraswati veena
The Sarasvatī vīṇa (also spelled Saraswati veena) (Telugu: సరస్వతి వీణ, Kannada: ಸರಸ್ವತಿ ವೀಣೆ, Tamil: சரஸ்வதி வீணை, Malayalam: സരസ്വതി വീണ) is an ancient Indian plucked veena. It is named after the Hindu goddess Saraswati, who is usually depicted holding or playing the instrument. Also known as raghunatha veena, it is used mostly in Carnatic Indian classical music. There are several variations of the veena, which in its South Indian form is a member of the lute family. One who plays the veena is referred to as a vaiṇika.

The Saraswati veena is one of 4 major types of veena today. The others include chitra veena, vichitra veena and rudra veena. Out of these the rudra and vichitra veenas are used more often in Hindustani music, while the Saraswati veena and the chitra veena are used more frequently in the Carnatic music of South India. They can be used to play either traditional music or contemporary music.
Bedford Highway
The Bedford Highway is a highway in the  Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia that is part of Trunk 2. It runs around the western side of the Bedford Basin. The highway starts at the Windsor Street intersection on the Halifax Peninsula and passes by the communities of Fairview, Rockingham, and Bedford, where it becomes part of Trunk 1 to Highway 101 .

Historically the Bedford Highway was part of the route from Halifax to Windsor, but also formed the first stage of a journey to Truro, with Sackville's Twelve Mile House staging inn marking the start of the Truro road. The never-completed Annapolis Road also began on the Bedford Highway, at today's intersection with Kearney Lake Road, which is believed to partly follow the alignment of the early road.

Nova Scotia Trunk 2
Trunk 2 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia's system of Trunk Highways. The route runs from Halifax to Fort Lawrence on the New Brunswick border. Until the 1960s, Trunk 2 was the Halifax area's most important highway link to other provinces, and was part of a longer Interprovincial Highway 2 which ended in Windsor, Ontario. The controlled access Highway 102 and Highway 104 now carry most arterial traffic in the area, while Trunk 2 serves regional and local traffic.

This highway forms part of the Glooscap Trail signed tourist route.
Fairmount Hotel (Portland, Oregon)
The Fairmount Hotel is a historic, former hotel located in Portland, Oregon, United States, built in 1905. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The hotel was constructed for the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, located on 26th Avenue across from what was then the fair's main gate. The hotel was furnished by Meier & Frank. It is one of the very few extant structures associated with the 1905 world's fair.

Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition
The Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, commonly also known as the Lewis and Clark Exposition, and officially known as the Lewis and Clark Centennial and American Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair, was a worldwide exposition held in Portland, Oregon, United States in 1905 to celebrate the centennial of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.  While not officially considered a World's Fair by the Bureau of International Expositions, it is often informally described as such; the exposition attracted both exhibits and visitors from around the world.  During the exposition's four-month run, it attracted over 1.6 million visitors, and featured exhibits from 21 countries. Portland grew from 161,000 to 270,000 residents between 1905 and 1910, a spurt that has been attributed to the exposition.