hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disfranchisement
Disfranchisement, also disenfranchisement (which has become more common since 1982) or voter disqualification, is the restriction of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or a practice that has the effect of preventing someone from exercising the right to vote. Disfranchisement can also refer to the revocation of power or control of a particular individual, community, or being to the natural amenity they have; that is to deprive of a franchise, of a legal right, of some privilege or inherent immunity. Disfranchisement may be accomplished explicitly by law or implicitly through requirements applied in a discriminatory fashion, through intimidation, or by placing unreasonable requirements on voters for registration or voting.
High barriers to entry to the political competition can disenfranchise political movements.

Hirst v United Kingdom (No 2)
Hirst v United Kingdom (No 2) (2005) ECHR 681 is a European Court of Human Rights case, where the court ruled that a blanket ban on British prisoners exercising the right to vote is contrary to the European Convention on Human Rights. The court did not state that all prisoners should be given voting rights. Rather, it held that if the franchise was to be removed, then the measure needed to be compatible with Article 3 of the First Protocol, thus putting the onus upon the UK to justify its departure from the principle of universal suffrage.
Tipo-Tipo
Tipo-Tipo, officially the Municipality of Tipo-Tipo (Tausūg: Lupa' Tipo-Tipo; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Tipo-Tipo; Filipino: Bayan ng Tipo-Tipo), is a  municipality in the province of Basilan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 25,531 people.

In 2006, the municipalities of Al-Barka and Ungkaya Pukan were created from Tipo-Tipo, reducing its number of barangays from 39 to 11.

Tipo-Tipo was the site of the 2007 Basilan beheading incident where Abu Sayyaf bandits beheaded 14 Philippine Marines, as well as two subsequent battles in April 2014 and April 2016.

Ungkaya Pukan
Ungkaya Pukan, officially the Municipality of Ungkaya Pukan (Tausūg: Lupah Ungkaya Pukan; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Ungkaya Pukan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Ungkaya Pukan), is a  municipality in the province of Basilan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 24,016 people.
Okinawa Marine
The Okinawa Marine was the weekly publication produced by the United States Marine Corps public affairs office headquartered at Camp Butler, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and distributed free to all military bases in Okinawa.  It provided information on U.S. facilities and activities in and around Okinawa Island. The newspaper included area guide, living information, weather, and public affairs. The final edition was published on Feb 28, 2014.

Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler
Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler (or simply Butler Marine Base)
is a United States Marine Corps base located in the Japanese prefecture of Okinawa. It was named after Marine Corps Major General and twice Medal of Honor recipient Smedley D. Butler.
IBSF World Snooker Championship
The IBSF World Snooker Championship (also known as the World Amateur Snooker Championship) is the premier non-professional snooker tournament in the world. The event series is sanctioned by the International Billiards and Snooker Federation. A number of IBSF champions have gone on to successful careers in the professional ranks, notably Jimmy White (1980), James Wattana (1988), Ken Doherty (1989), Stuart Bingham (1996), Marco Fu (1997), Stephen Maguire (2000) and Mark Allen (2004). Both Doherty (in 1997) and Bingham (in 2015) have gone on to win the professional World Snooker Championship.

1996 IBSF World Snooker Championship
The 1996 IBSF World Snooker Championship was an amateur snooker tournament that took place from 15 to 30 November 1996 in New Plymouth, New Zealand It was the 23rd edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour.
Glyptoscelis
Glyptoscelis is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. There are 38 species of Glyptoscelis described from North, Central and South America. There are also three species of Glyptoscelis known from the West Indies, though they are wrongly placed in the genus. In addition, a single species was described from Hunan, China in 2021.

According to BugGuide and ITIS, the genus is now placed in the tribe Eumolpini instead of Adoxini.

Bromiini
Bromiini (or Adoxini) is a tribe of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. The tribe contains approximately 120 genera, which are found worldwide. They are generally thought to be an artificial group, often with a subcylindrical prothorax without lateral ridges and covered with setae or scales.
Axminster railway station
Axminster railway station serves the town of Axminster in Devon, England. It is operated by South Western Railway and is situated on the West of England Main Line. It is 144 miles 41 chains (232.6 km) down the line from London Waterloo.

Axminster
Axminster is a market town and civil parish on the eastern border of the county of Devon in England. It is 28 miles (45 km) from the county town of Exeter. The town is built on a hill overlooking the River Axe which heads towards the English Channel at Axmouth, and is in the East Devon local government district.  At the 2001 census, it had a population of 5,626, increasing to 5,761 at the 2011 census. The town contains two electoral wards (town and rural) whose combined population is 7,110. The market is still held every Thursday.

Axminster gave its name to a type of carpet. An Axminster-type power loom is capable of weaving high-quality carpets with many varying colours and patterns. While Axminster carpets are made in the town by Axminster Carpets Ltd, this type of carpet is now manufactured all over the world as well.
Ursus minimus
Ursus minimus (the Auvergne bear) is an extinct species of bear, endemic to Europe during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, living from 5.3 to 1.8 Mya, existing for about 3.5 million years.

U. minimus appears to have given rise to Ursus etruscus. The range of U. minimus was continental Europe, as far east as the Black Sea in Russia and as far south as Italy.

The skeleton of U. minimus was very similar to that of the larger Asian black bear. With the exception of the age of the bones, it is often difficult to distinguish the remains of U. minimus from those of modern Asian black bears.

Asian black bear
The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), also known as the Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle. It is distributed from southeastern Iran, Pakistan, India and the Himalayas to mainland Southeast Asia, the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, mainland China and the Russian Far East to the islands of Honshū and Shikoku in Japan. It is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, and is threatened by deforestation and poaching for its body parts, which are used in traditional medicine.
Samsung Galaxy A3
Samsung Galaxy A3 refers to three Samsung Galaxy Android smartphones released in the 2010s.

These are:

Samsung Galaxy A3 (2015); Android smartphone unveiled in October 2014, released in December 2014.

Samsung Galaxy A3 (2016); Android smartphone released in December 2015.

Samsung Galaxy A3 (2017); Android smartphone released in January 2017.

Samsung Galaxy A3 (2016)
Samsung Galaxy A3 (2016) or Samsung Galaxy A3 2016 Edition is an Android smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics. It was introduced on 2 December 2015, along with Galaxy A5 (2016), Galaxy A7 (2016), and Galaxy A9 (2016).
Tolmie Peak
Tolmie Peak is a 5,920+ -foot (1,800+ m) peak in the Mount Rainier area of the Cascade Range, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of Mowich Lake, in the northwest part of Mount Rainier National Park.

Streams that drain the slopes of Tolmie Peak, including Tolmie Creek and Ranger Creek, join the Carbon River, which flows into the Puyallup River and Puget Sound. Just south of Tolmie Peak, in a basin carved by glaciers, lies Eunice Lake. To the northwest is Howard Peak.

Tolmie Peak is named for William Fraser Tolmie. In August 1833, employed by Hudson's Bay Company and stationed at the newly built Fort Nisqually, Tolmie made the first recorded exploration of the Mount Rainier area. Unable to summit Rainier itself, Tolmie and two Indian guides, Lachalet and Nuckalkat, summited one of the snowy peaks near the Mowich River headwaters. Although Tolmie Peak is named for this event, it is not known exactly which peak was climbed.

Carbon River
The Carbon River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington. It flows about 30 miles (48 km) from its source, the Carbon Glacier on Mount Rainier, to join the Puyallup River at Orting.

Charles Wilkes called the river the "Upthascap River", but after the discovery of coal along its banks in 1876 the river was renamed "Carbon".
Kumar Dharmasena
Deshabandu Handunnettige Deepthi Priyantha Kumar Dharmasena (born 24 April 1971) is a Sri Lankan cricket umpire and former international cricketer. He is a member of the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires and the first person to participate in an ICC Cricket World Cup final both as a player and an umpire. A right-handed batsman and a right-arm off break bowler, Dharmasena was a member of the Sri Lankan side that won the 1996 Cricket World Cup and the side which were joint-winners of the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with India.

2015 Cricket World Cup final
The final of the 2015 Cricket World Cup took place on 29 March 2015 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne. It was played between the tournament's two co-hosts, New Zealand and Australia. Australia went into the game as favourites and won by 7 wickets for a fifth World Cup triumph. The match was played in front of 93,013 spectators, a record crowd for a day of cricket in Australia.
Frangieh family
Frangieh (Arabic: فرنجية: "Franc", meaning "occidental" in Arabic), also spelled Frangié, Franjieh, or Franjiyeh, is a prominent Lebanese political family.

Bassam Frangieh (born 1949), scholar of contemporary Arabic literature and culture. Distant relative of the politicians

Hamid Beik Frangieh (1907–1981), politician, older brother of Lebanese President Suleiman

Suleiman Frangieh (1910–1992), President (1970–1976)

Tony Frangieh (1941–1978), son of Suleiman sr, militia leader during the Lebanese Civil War

Samir Frangieh (1945–2017), politician and journalist

Suleiman Frangieh, Jr. (born 1965), son of Tony, current leader of the Marada Movement

Lamitta Frangieh (born 1980), 1st runner-up at 2004 Miss Lebanon competition

Tony Frangieh
Antoine "Tony" Suleiman Frangieh (Arabic: أنطوان "طوني" سليمان فرنجية; 1 September 1941 – 13 June 1978) was a Lebanese politician and militia commander during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. He was the son of Suleiman Frangieh, a former Lebanese president.

Tony Frangieh was an active participant in Lebanese politics and a member of the Marada Brigade, a Christian militia group that was founded in 1975 by his father.
St. Lucie River
The St. Lucie River is a 35-mile-long (56 km) estuary linked to a coastal river system in St. Lucie and Martin counties in the U.S. state of Florida. The St. Lucie River and St. Lucie Estuary are an "ecological jewel" of the Treasure Coast, central to the health and well-being of the surrounding communities. The river is part of the larger Indian River Lagoon system, the most diverse estuarine environment in North America with more than 4,000 plant and animal species, including manatees, oysters, dolphins, sea turtles and seahorses.

Historically, the St. Lucie was a freshwater river with no connection to either the Atlantic Ocean or Lake Okeechobee.  In 1892, an inlet was dug by local residents to
provide direct access to the Atlantic Ocean. During the 1900s, the river and its watershed underwent a series of modifications for navigation, flood control and water supply purposes, thus changing the
St. Lucie from a river to an estuary.

Sewall's Point, Florida
Sewall's Point is a town located on the peninsula of the same name in Martin County, Florida, United States. The population was 1,991 at the 2020 census. Both the town and the peninsula are named for Capt. Henry Edwin Sewall (August 22, 1848 – August 1, 1925). It is an eastern suburb of Stuart, which is the county seat of Martin County.

On September 26, 2004, Hurricane Jeanne made landfall on Hutchinson Island, just east of Sewall's Point, exactly three weeks after Hurricane Frances did so at the same location.
Cedega (software)
Cedega (formerly known as WineX) was the proprietary fork by TransGaming Technologies of Wine, from the last version of Wine under the X11 license before switching to GNU LGPL. It was designed specifically for running games created for Microsoft Windows under Linux. As such, its primary focus was implementing the DirectX API. WineX was renamed to Cedega on the release of version 4.0 on June 22, 2004.

Cedega Gaming Service was retired on February 28, 2011. TransGaming announced that development would continue under the GameTree Linux Developer Program, however this proved moot as the company's core technology divisions were shuttered in 2016.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
Looe Community Academy
Looe Community Academy (formerly Looe Community School) is a mixed secondary school located in East Looe in the English county of Cornwall.

Previously a community school administered by Cornwall Council, Looe Community School was converted to academy status on 1 February 2012 and was renamed Looe Community Academy. However the school continues to coordinate with Cornwall Council for admissions.

Looe Community Academy offers GCSEs, BTECs and OCR Nationals as programmes of study for pupils. The school also offers some vocational courses which are provided off-site through collaboration with other local educational establishments as a part of the South East Cornwall Learning Partnership.

Looe
Looe (/ˈluː/; Cornish: Logh, lit. 'deep water inlet') is a coastal town and civil parish in south-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth and 7 miles (11 km) south of Liskeard. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 5,311.

Looe developed as the two separate towns of East Looe (Cornish: Logh) and West Looe (Cornish: Porthbyghan, lit. "little cove") on opposite sides of the River Looe. The two towns were linked by Looe Bridge from the 15th century, but remained separate boroughs until the 19th century. They were administratively united in 1898.

The town is centred on a small harbour and extends along the steep-sided valley of the River Looe, which flows between East and West Looe to the sea beside a sandy beach. Offshore to the west, opposite the stonier Hannafore Beach, lies Looe Island.
Boris Kandov
Boris Kandov is the President of the Bukharian Jewish Congress in the United States and Canada.

Kandov, who emigrated from Uzbekistan to the United States in 1987, operates a limousine fleet along with other family-owned businesses.

In 2016, Kandov served as an international observer during the presidential election in Uzbekistan.

Bukharan Jews
Bukharan Jews, also known as Bukharian Jews, are the Mizrahi Jewish sub-group of Central Asia that dwelt predominantly in what is today Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Afghanistan. The group's name is derived from the Emirate of Bukhara, a polity that once had a sizable Jewish population.

Bukharan Jews are one of the oldest Jewish diaspora groups, dating back to the Babylonian exile, and comprise a branch of Persian-speaking Jewry. They are also one of the oldest ethnoreligious groups in Central Asia.

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, most Bukharan Jews have emigrated to Israel, the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia.
Pieve del Grappa
Pieve del Grappa is a comune or municipality in the province of Treviso, Veneto region of Italy. It was formed on 30 January 2019 with the merger of the comunes of Crespano del Grappa and Paderno del Grappa.

The municipality contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Crespano del Grappa, Fietta, Paderno del Grappa.

Pieve del Grappa borders the following municipalities in the province of Treviso: Asolo, Borso del Grappa, Castelcucco, Fonte, Possagno, and San Zenone degli Ezzelini. It also borders the municipalities of Seren del Grappa and Setteville in the province of Belluno, and Valbrenta in the province of Vicenza.

Setteville
Setteville is a comune located in the province of Belluno, in the region of Veneto in northern Italy. It was established in January 2024 from the merger of Alano di Piave and Quero Vas. It is located about 34 km (21 mi) southwest of the provincial capital of Belluno.
Nesflaten
Nesflaten is a village in Suldal Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern end of the lake Suldalsvatnet, just west of the smaller village of Roalkvam. Nesflaten lies along the Norwegian National Road 13 which connects it to the village of Suldalsosen to the southwest and to the village of Botnen (in the neighboring Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county). Nesflaten Chapel is located in the village.

The village lies in a valley in the northwestern part of Suldal Municipality. It is surrounded by many mountains to the northwest of the village including Mælen, Trollaskeinuten, Fitjanuten, Vassdalseggi, Kistenuten, and Knoda.

Trollaskeinuten
Trollaskeinuten is a mountain in the municipality of Suldal in Rogaland county, Norway.  The 1,622-metre (5,322 ft) tall mountain lies in the mountainous northeastern corner of Suldal, surrounded by the mountains Knoda, Kistenuten, Vassdalseggi, Fitjanuten, and Mælen.  Trollaskeinuten lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northeast of the village of Nesflaten.
Voorhies, Iowa
Voorhies is an unincorporated community in Lincoln Township, Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States.

Voorhies is located in the most southwestern portion of Black Hawk County approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of Hudson and 7 miles (11 km) east of Reinbeck.

Black Hawk County, Iowa
Black Hawk County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 131,144, making it Iowa's fifth-most populous county. The county seat is Waterloo.

Black Hawk County is part of the Waterloo – Cedar Falls metropolitan area.
Dillenburg
Dillenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈdɪlənbʊʁk] ⓘ), officially Oranienstadt Dillenburg, is a town in Hesse's Gießen region in Germany. The town was formerly the seat of the old Dillkreis district, which is now part of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis.

The town lies on the German-Dutch holiday road called the Orange Route, joining towns, cities and regions associated with the House of Orange-Nassau, as well as on the German Timber-Frame Road and the Rothaarsteig hiking trail.

Dillenburg Castle
Castle Dillenburg, in the provincial town of Dillenburg in Hesse-Nassau, is situated on a hill (elevation 958 feet) above the Dill river, 25 miles northwest from Gießen on the Giessen-Troisdorf railway line.

The main building of the old castle was deconstructed in 1760 after suffering fire from cannon damage in the Seven Years' War. Today the hill above the town still has the ruins of the 17th-century fortifications of the old schloss Dillenburg, but nothing at all remains of the original fortifications, which were mostly wood. It was founded by Count Henry the Rich of Nassau, about the year 1240, and later became the birthplace of Prince William of Orange in 1533. Due to the effects of the Protestant Reformation, in the town below is the (since 1530) Evangelical church but formerly Johanniskirche from 1491, with the vault of the princes of Nassau-Dillenburg.
Vegårshei Station
Vegårshei Station (Norwegian: Vegårshei stasjon) is a railway station located in the village of Myra in Vegårshei municipality in Agder county, Norway.  The station is located along the Sørlandet Line and it is served by express trains to Kristiansand and Oslo. The station is owned and operated by Bane NOR.

Vegårshei
Vegårshei is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative center is the village of Myra. Other villages in Vegårshei include Mo and Ubergsmoen.

The 356-square-kilometre (137 sq mi) municipality is the 249th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Vegårshei is the 272nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,143. The municipality's population density is 6.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (17/sq mi) and its population has increased by 7.9% over the previous 10-year period.
La Pesca
La Pesca is a small town in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is located on the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the Río Soto La Marina, between the Laguna Madre to the north and the Laguna Morales to the south.
It stands due east of state capital Ciudad Victoria, in the municipality of Soto la Marina.

The local economy is mainly based on fishing, tourism, and maritime recreational activities. La Pesca is also frequently used as a reference point ("breakpoint") in government-issued weather advisories.

Soto la Marina
Soto la Marina is a town in Soto la Marina Municipality located in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It was directly hit by Hurricane Alex in 2010.  It is located on the banks of the Soto la Marina river, just up river from the small ocean port of La Pesca, and downriver from Ciudad Victoria, the capital of the State of Tamaulipas. 180 miles South of Brownsville, Texas, it is accessible from there via a highway in approximately 3 hours driving time.

The municipality includes some of the mountain range called the Sierra de Tamaulipas.
Mission Indians
Mission Indians was a term used to refer to the Indigenous peoples of California who lived or grew up in the Spanish mission system in California. Today the term is used to refer to their descendants and to specific, contemporary tribal nations in California.

Mission San Juan Capistrano
Mission San Juan Capistrano (Spanish: Misión San Juan Capistrano) is a Spanish mission in San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California. Founded November 1, 1776 in colonial Las Californias by Spanish Catholic missionaries of the Franciscan Order, it was named for Saint John of Capistrano. The Spanish Colonial Baroque style church was located in the Alta California province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Mission was founded less than 60 yards from the village of Acjacheme. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and returned to the Roman Catholic Church by the United States government in 1865. The Mission was damaged over the years by a number of natural disasters, but restoration and renovation efforts date from around 1910. It functions today as a museum.