hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cedar Bluff, Virginia
Cedar Bluff is a town in Tazewell County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Cedar Bluff had a population of 1,069. It is part of the Bluefield, WV-VA micropolitan area, which has a population of 107,578.

Bluefield micropolitan area
The Bluefield Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties – one in West Virginia and one in Virginia – anchored by the town of Bluefield, West Virginia.

As of the 2010 census, the μSA had a population of 107,342.
Council of Ministers (Poland)
The Council of Ministers (Polish: Rada Ministrów) is the central collective body of the executive government of Poland. The cabinet consists of the Prime Minister, also known as the President of the Council of Ministers (Polish: Prezes Rady Ministrów), the Deputy Prime Minister, who acts as a vice-chairman of the council, and other ministers. The current competences and procedures of the cabinet are described between Articles 146 to 162 of the constitution.

Deputy Prime Minister of Poland
The deputy president of the Council of Ministers (Polish: Wiceprezes Rady Ministrów), colloquially known as the Deputy Prime Minister (Polish: Wicepremier), is the deputy of the Prime Minister of Poland and a member of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland. They can also be one of the Ministers of the Republic of Poland. The Constitution of the Republic does not limit the number of persons who can hold the position of deputy prime minister simultaneously.
Rugby Europe Super Cup
The Rugby Europe Super Cup is an annual men's rugby union club tournament organised by the continental governing body, Rugby Europe. Featuring clubs outside the traditional Six Nations strongholds of the sport, it effectively forms a third tier of European club rugby beneath the EPCR-organised European Rugby Champions Cup and European Rugby Challenge Cup. The first Super Cup competition took place in 2021–22.

2021–22 Rugby Europe Super Cup
The 2021–22 Rugby Europe Super Cup is the first edition of the Rugby Europe Super Cup, an annual rugby union competition for professional franchises and clubs outside the three 'big leagues' of European Rugby.

Each participant will play home and away-fixtures in six rounds of action played between September and December. At the end of the pool stage, the top two teams of each conference will qualify for the semi-finals, which will be played during April 2022, with the conference winners hosting the ties.

The final between Lusitanos XV representing Lisbon, Portugal, and The Black Lion representing Tbilisi, Georgia, took place on 7 May 2022 to crown the inaugural champion of the Rugby Europe Super Cup. Georgian professional side The Black Lion took the crown.
Word problem (mathematics education)
In mathematics education, a word problem is a mathematical exercise (such as in a textbook, worksheet, or exam) where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation. As most word problems involve a narrative of some sort, they are sometimes referred to as story problems and may vary in the amount of technical language used.

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
Fort Beaufort
Fort Beaufort (Xhosa: iBhofolo), officially renamed KwaMaqoma in March 2023, is a town in the Amatole District of South Africa's Eastern Cape Province, and had a population of 25,668 in 2011. The town was established in 1837 and became a municipality in 1883. The town lies at the confluence of the Kat River and Brak River between the Keiskamma and Great Fish Rivers. KwaMaqoma serves as a mini-'dormitory' for academic staff and students of Fort Hare University, based in the nearby town of Alice, and is also close to Sulphur Springs.

It is also the birthplace of South African politician and anti-apartheid activist who is also the first Premier of the Eastern Cape Raymond Mhlaba and his former first wife Joyce Meke.

Xhosa Wars
The Xhosa Wars were a series of nine wars (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers from the Dutch colonial empire in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa.

Tensions existed between the various Europeans in the Cape region, tensions between Empire administration and colonial governments, and tensions within the Xhosa Kingdom, e.g. chiefs rivaling each other, which usually led to Europeans taking advantage of the situation to meddle in Xhosa politics. A perfect example of this is the case of chief Ngqika and his uncle, chief Ndlambe.

The conflicts between the Xhosa and British were covered extensively in the metropolitan British press, generating increased demand among the British public for information about their country's far-off colonial conflicts.
Res Publica University
Res Publica University (Indonesian: Universitas Res Publica, URICA) was a short-lived Indonesian university founded in Jakarta in 1960. It was sponsored by the group Baperki (Badan Permusjawaratan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia), an organization mainly of Indonesian citizens of Chinese descent including members of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). The university was established in response to ethnic quotas on university enrollment implemented in the 1950s. After a coup attempt in Indonesia, the Res Publica campus was attacked by anti-communists in 1965. Students barricaded themselves in the college of technology building, which was burned down by the attackers along with the rest of the campus. A new private HEI, Trisakti, was established on the site and many of the former students are barred from entry due to alleged Communist ties.

Consultative Council for Indonesian Citizenship
The Consultative Council for Indonesian Citizenship (Indonesian: Badan Permusjawaratan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia), often known by its Indonesian abbreviation Baperki, was an organization founded in Indonesia in 1954 by Indonesians of Chinese descent. It stood in the 1955 Indonesian legislative election, winning 0.5% of the vote, and was awarded one seat in the People's Representative Council.  The organization sponsored schools including Res Publica University (1960). The group was associated with the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). After the 1965 coup attempt in Indonesia, Res Publika was burned down and replaced by a new school, Trisakti, and the group was banned.
Legionella anisa
Legionella anisa is a Gram-negative bacterium, one of more than 40 species  in the family Legionellaceae. After Legionella pneumophila, this species has been isolated most frequently from water samples. This species is also one of the several pathogenic forms of Legionella having been associated with rare clinical cases of illness including Pontiac fever and Legionnaires' disease.

Pontiac fever
Pontiac fever  is an acute, nonfatal respiratory disease caused by various species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Legionella. It causes a mild upper respiratory infection that resembles acute influenza. Pontiac fever resolves spontaneously and often goes undiagnosed. Both Pontiac fever and the more severe Legionnaires' disease may be caused by the same bacterium, but Pontiac fever does not include pneumonia.
Salzburg Hauptbahnhof
Salzburg Hauptbahnhof (German for Salzburg main station; abbreviated Salzburg Hbf and occasionally translated as Central Station) is the main railway station in Salzburg, capital of the federal state of Salzburg in Austria. It is the most important station in the agglomeration of Salzburg, and a major transportation hub in western Austria.

Rail transport in Austria
Rail transport in Austria is mainly provided by Austria's national rail transport company, the Austrian Federal Railways (German: Österreichische Bundesbahnen, ÖBB), which also manages rail transport in Liechtenstein. The Austrian railway network has a length of 6,123 km (3,805 mi), 3,523 km (2,189 mi) of which are electrified. Most lines are in 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge, while especially in the Alpine region there are several narrow-gauge railway lines and funiculars.

Within the European Union, Austria is among the leaders regarding the distance traveled by rail per inhabitant and year: 1,510 km (940 mi) in 2022. It was ranked fifth among national European rail systems in the 2017 European Railway Performance Index.

Austria is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Austria is 81.
Bridgeport & Port Jefferson Ferry
The Bridgeport & Port Jefferson Steamboat Company, commonly referred to as the Bridgeport & Port Jefferson Ferry, is a privately owned transportation company that operates a passenger and vehicle ferry service across the Long Island Sound, between the city of Bridgeport, Connecticut, and the Long Island village of Port Jefferson, New York.  Founded in 1883, it is one of the oldest continuously operating ferry companies in the United States.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
Vulpicida pinastri
Vulpicida pinastri, the powdered sunshine, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. The lichen has a greenish-yellow thallus and dorsiventral lobes. It grows on conifers and Betula in North America and Eurasia. It is the only sorediate species in the genus and is distinguished by the bright-yellow marginal soralia. The lichen, originally described by Italian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772, was transferred to the newly circumscribed genus Vulpicida by Jan-Eric Mattson and Ming-Jou Lai in 1993.

In Iceland, V. pinastri grows on downy birch stems and branches. It is found in only a few locations in the Eastern Region and is locally classified as an endangered species (EN).

Vulpicida
Vulpicida is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Circumscribed in 1993 to contain species formerly placed in Cetraria, the genus is widespread in Arctic to northern temperate regions, and contains six species. The genus is characterized by the presence of the secondary metabolites pulvinic acid and vulpinic acid, compounds that when combined with usnic acid, give the species their characteristic yellow and green colors.
China–Hong Kong football rivalry
The China–Hong Kong football rivalry is a sports rivalry between the national association football teams of the People's Republic of China (mainland) and Hong Kong. The rivalry has been exacerbated by Hong Kong's status as a Special Administrative Region of China, with major political and ideological differences than on the mainland, a legacy of having been under British colonial rule until the transfer of sovereignty in 1997.

China national football team
The China national football team (simplified Chinese: 中国国家足球队; traditional Chinese: 中國國家足球隊; pinyin: Zhōngguó guójiā zúqiú duì), recognised as China PR by FIFA, represents China in men's international association football and is governed by the Chinese Football Association (CFA).

China won the EAFF East Asian Cup in 2005 and 2010, was runner-up at the AFC Asian Cup in 1984 and 2004, and made its sole FIFA World Cup appearance in 2002, losing all matches without scoring a goal.
Gerolstein station
Gerolstein station is a station on the Eifel Railway in Gerolstein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Its former function as an important junction station, however, has been lost with the closure of the Cross Eifel Railway (Eifelquerbahn) and the West Eifel Railway (Westeifelbahn). It is the only remaining station in the town.

Gerolstein
Gerolstein (German pronunciation: [ˈɡeːʁɔlˌʃtaɪn] ⓘ) is a town in the Vulkaneifel district of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Gerolstein is a local municipality of the Verbandsgemeinde Gerolstein. It has been approved as a Luftkurort (spa town).
Capoeta pestai
Capoeta pestai, called the Eğirdir longsnout scraper or the Eğirdir barb, is a critically endangered freshwater fish species in the family Cyprinidae, found only in Turkey. It used to be common across Lake Eğirdir in central Anatolia, but survives only in one of the inflowing rivers. It was forced out of Lake Eğirdir by a combination of overfishing, irrigation, destruction of its habitat, and the induction of predatory alien fish species.

Lake Eğirdir
Eğirdir (Turkish: Eğirdir Gölü, formerly Eğridir) is a lake in the Lakes Region of Turkey. The town of Eğirdir lies near its southern end, 107 kilometers (66 miles) north of Antalya. With an area of 482 square kilometres (186 sq mi) it is the fourth largest lake in Turkey, and the second largest freshwater lake.

In recent years, Lake Eğirdir has faced severe water level decline due to a combination of reduced precipitation, prolonged drought, inadequate water management practices, and inefficient irrigation methods, with some areas of the lakebed reportedly becoming accessible by vehicle.
Shūkan Bunshun smoking scandal
The Shūkan Bunshun smoking scandal (or Onyanko club smoking scandal) of 1985 involved smoking by underage members of the Japanese female idol group Onyanko Club (おニャン子クラブ, Onyanko Kurabu; "Kitty Club"). It is one of the best known scandals in the history of Japanese idols, and changed the form and fate of Onyanko Club, which became Japan's biggest female idol group in the 1980s.

Onyanko Club
Onyanko Club (おニャン子クラブ, Onyanko Kurabu; "Kitty Club") was a large all-girl Japanese pop idol group in the 1980s. Some members of the group participated in spin-off groups, such as Nyangilas, Ushiroyubi Sasaregumi and Ushirogami Hikaretai. Many of the latter two groups' songs were used as theme songs of the popular 1980s anime series High School! Kimengumi and Tsuide ni Tonchinkan. Several big-name idols stemmed from the group; one of the best known being Shizuka Kudo. The group was produced by Hiroshi Ishida and Kazuji Kasai, both of whom were producers of Fuji TV's show Yūyake Nyan Nyan.
The Cruelest Month
The Cruelest Month, by Louise Penny, is the third novel in the Three Pines Mysteries series, which features Chief Inspector Armand Gamache, published in 2007 and 2008.

In December 2022, the novel was adapted to streaming television at Amazon Prime Video as the two-part second arc of Three Pines, starring Alfred Molina, written by Jamie Crichton and directed by Tracey Deer.

Louise Penny
Louise Penny CM OQ (1 July 1958), is a Canadian crime-fiction author, best known for her Chief Inspector Armand Gamache series set in Quebec. Her novels have been translated into over 23 languages, sold millions of copies worldwide, and repeatedly reached number 1 on the New York Times Best Seller list. She has also earned prestigious awards including multiple Agatha and Anthony Awards, and was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada and an Officer of the National Order of Quebec in 2017.
Gaudryella
Gaudryella is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It contains a single species, G. gaudryi, from the Cenomanian-aged Sannine Formation of Lebanon. It is thought to be a basal euteleostean of uncertain affinities.

Euteleostei
Euteleostei, whose members are known as euteleosts, is a clade of bony fishes within Teleostei that evolved some 240 million years ago, although the oldest known fossil remains are only from the Early Cretaceous. It is divided into Protacanthopterygii (including the salmon and dragonfish) and Neoteleostei (including the lanternfish, lizardfish, oarfish, and Acanthopterygii).
Merti
Merti is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone, Merti is bordered on the south by Sude, on the west by Jeju, on the northwest by the East Shewa Zone, on the north by the Afar Region, on the east by Aseko, and on the southeast by Chole. The administrative center of this woreda is Abomsa; other towns in Merti include Reye. Guna woreda was separated from Merti.

Chole (woreda)
Chole is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone, Chole is bordered on the south by Amigna, on the southwest by Sude, on the northwest by Merti, on the north by Aseko, and on the east by Gololcha. Towns in Chole include Chole and Moye.
Centre Marcel-Dionne
The Centre Marcel Dionne is a 4,000 capacity (3,038 seated) multi-purpose arena in Drummondville, Quebec, Canada. It is home to the Drummondville Voltigeurs Ice hockey team. It is named in honour of Marcel Dionne. It was built in 1963 and was originally called the Centre Civique.

Drummondville Voltigeurs
The Drummondville Voltigeurs are a Canadian junior ice hockey team of the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The franchise was originally granted for the 1982–83 season, and is based in Drummondville, Quebec, playing its home games at the Centre Marcel Dionne. The team won the QMJHL's President's Cup in 2009 and 2024.
Data (Star Trek)
Data is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. He appears in the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG), the first and third seasons of Star Trek: Picard, and the fifth season of Star Trek: Lower Decks, and the feature films Star Trek Generations (1994), First Contact (1996), Insurrection (1998), and Nemesis (2002). Data is portrayed by actor Brent Spiner.

Data is a self-aware, sapient, sentient and anatomically fully functional male android who serves as the second officer and chief operations officer aboard the Federation starship USS Enterprise-D and later the USS Enterprise-E.

Data is in many ways a successor to the original Star Trek's Spock, in that the character has superior mental skills and offers an "outsider's" perspective on humanity.

Time's Arrow (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Time’s Arrow" is the 26th episode of the fifth season and the first episode of the sixth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. It comprises the 126th and 127th episodes of the series.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D.
In this episode, an engineering team finds evidence that aliens visited Earth in 19th century San Francisco: Data's severed head, buried five hundred years ago.

The second part of the episode was nominated for three Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, winning the award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Hairstyling for a Series.
NewsWatch 15
NewsWatch on Channel 15 (popularly known as NewsWatch 15) is an American regional cable television channel serving New Orleans, Louisiana. The channel is owned as a joint venture between Tegna and local cable provider Cox Communications. NewsWatch 15's operations are based out of the studio facility shared by Tegna-owned CBS affiliate WWL-TV (channel 4) and MyNetworkTV affiliate WUPL (channel 54), located on Rampart Street in the city's historic French Quarter district. The regional cable news channel's branding is derived from its channel slot in the New Orleans area on Cox Communications channel 15.

Tegna Inc.
Tegna Inc. (stylized in all caps as TEGNA) is an American publicly traded broadcast, digital media and marketing services company headquartered in Tysons, Virginia. It was created on June 29, 2015, when the Gannett Company split into two publicly traded companies. Tegna comprised the more profitable broadcast television and digital media divisions of the old Gannett, while Gannett's publishing interests were spun off as a "new" company which retained the Gannett name (later renamed to the USA Today Co.). Tegna owns or operates 68 television stations in 54 markets, and holds properties in digital media.

In terms of audience reach, Tegna is the largest group owner of NBC-affiliated stations, ahead of Hearst Television and Sinclair Broadcast Group. Tegna is the fourth-largest group owner of ABC affiliates, behind Hearst, the E. W. Scripps Company, and Sinclair. Tegna also owns two digital multicast networks (True Crime Network and Quest).
Guluronic acid
Guluronic acid is a uronic acid monosaccharide that may be derived from gulose. l-Guluronic acid is a C-3 epimer of l-galacturonic acid and a C-5 epimer of d-mannuronic acid. Along with d-mannuronic acid, l-guluronic acid is a component of alginic acid, a polysaccharide found in brown algae. α-L-Guluronic acid has been found to bind divalent metal ions (such as calcium and strontium) through the carboxylate moiety and through the axial-equatorial-axial arrangement of hydroxyl groups found around the ring.

Mannuronic acid
Mannuronic acid is a uronic acid monosaccharide that can be derived from mannose. Along with l-guluronic acid, d-mannuronic acid is a component of alginic acid, a polysaccharide found predominantly in brown algae. Mannuronic acid is also incorporated into some bacterial capsular polysaccharides.
OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention (officially the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions) is an anti-corruption convention of the OECD that requires signatory countries to criminalize bribery of foreign public officials. The convention is a legally binding international agreement that focuses on the supply-side of bribery by criminalizing acts of offering or giving bribes to foreign public officials by companies or individuals. Its goal is to create a level playing field in the international business environment.

A 2017 study found that multinational corporations that were subject to the convention were less likely to engage in bribery than corporations that were based in non-member states. A 2021 study found that the convention may increase bribery by firms from non-ABC member countries and lead firms in ABC member countries to shift to bribery through intermediaries in non-ABC member countries.

Anti-corruption
Anti-corruption (or anticorruption) comprises activities that oppose or inhibit corruption. Just as corruption takes many forms, anti-corruption efforts vary in scope and in strategy. A general distinction between preventive and reactive measures is sometimes drawn. In such framework, investigative authorities and their attempts to unveil corrupt practices would be considered reactive, while education on the negative impact of corruption, or firm-internal compliance programs are classified as the former.