hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valley campaigns of 1864
The Valley campaigns of 1864 began as operations initiated by Union  Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and resulting battles that took place in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia during the American Civil War from May to October 1864. Some military historians divide this period into three separate campaigns. This article considers them together, as the campaigns interacted and built upon one another.

Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley (/ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The Valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River, to the south by the James River, and to the Southwest by the New River Valley. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the Valley plus the Virginia Highlands to the west and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley Province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley.
Comden and Green
Comden and Green was the 60-year songwriting partnership of Betty Comden (1917–2006) and Adolph Green (1914–2002). The two first collaborated in 1941 at the Village Gate in New York City, as writers and performers in a nightclub act called The Revuers.

Peter Pan (1954 musical)
Peter Pan is a 1954 musical based on J. M. Barrie's 1904 play Peter Pan and his 1911 novelization of it, Peter and Wendy. The music is mostly by Moose Charlap, with additional music by Jule Styne, and most of the lyrics were written by Carolyn Leigh, with additional lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green.

The original Broadway production, starring Mary Martin as Peter and Cyril Ritchard as Captain Hook, earned Tony Awards for both stars. It was followed by NBC telecasts of it in 1955, 1956, and 1960 with the same stars, plus several rebroadcasts of the 1960 telecast. In 2014, the musical was broadcast on NBC featuring several new numbers, and starring Allison Williams and Christopher Walken. The show has enjoyed several revivals onstage.

In 2024, a national tour launched, directed by Lonny Price, with a new book by Larissa Fasthorse.
Kan'onji, Kagawa
Kan'onji (観音寺市, Kan'onji-shi) is a city located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2022, the city had an estimated population of 57,921 in 25510 households and a population density of 490 persons per km². The total area of the city is 117.84 square kilometres (45.50 sq mi).

Mitoyo District, Kagawa
Mitoyo (三豊郡, Mitoyo-gun) was a district located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 93,984 and a density of 322.96 persons per km2. The total area was 291.01 km2.
Basanti, South 24 Parganas
Basanti is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Basanti police station in the Basanti CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Sundarbans settlements
The Sundarbans settlements refer to the areas of the Sundarbans that were cleared of forests for human habitation in the present North 24 Paganas and the South 24 Parganas districts in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga
Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga, also known as Aranama Mission or Mission La Bahía, was a Roman Catholic mission established by Spain in 1722 in the Viceroyalty of New Spain—to convert native Karankawa Indians to Christianity.  Together with its nearby military fortress, Presidio La Bahía, the mission upheld Spanish territorial claims in the New World against encroachment from France. The third and final location near Goliad, Texas, is maintained now as part of Goliad State Park and Historic Site

Goliad State Park and Historic Site
Goliad State Park and Historic Site is a 188.3 acres (76 ha) state park located along the San Antonio River on the southern edge of Goliad, Texas, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (#01000258) on March 12, 2001. It is managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
Mimi (1979 film)
Mimi (Italian: Un dramma borghese, lit. 'A bourgeois drama') is a 1979 Italian drama film directed by Florestano Vancini. It is based on the novel with the same title by Guido Morselli  and it has as main theme an incestuous love between a father and a daughter.

Florestano Vancini
Florestano Vancini (24 August 1926 – 18 September 2008) was an Italian film director and screenwriter.

He directed over 20 films since 1960. His 1966 film Le stagioni del nostro amore, starring Enrico Maria Salerno, was entered into the 16th Berlin International Film Festival. His 1973 film The Assassination of Matteotti was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Special Prize. In 1999 he was a member of the jury at the 21st Moscow International Film Festival.
Fino del Monte
Fino del Monte (Bergamasque: Fì dol Mùt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,156 and an area of 4.4 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi).

Fino del Monte borders the following municipalities: Castione della Presolana, Onore, Rovetta, Songavazzo.

Onore
Onore (Bergamasque: Lanùr) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 799 and an area of 11.6 square kilometres (4.5 sq mi).

Onore borders the following municipalities: Castione della Presolana, Fino del Monte, Songavazzo.
San Pedro Columbia
San Pedro Columbia is a village in Toledo District, Belize, located about two miles from the ancient Maya ruins of Lubaantun. In 2000 San Pedro Columbia had a population of about 700 people. The population is mostly Q'eqchi Maya with some Mopan Maya. San Pedro Columbia has Belize's largest settlement of Kekchi. Most of the population came to Belize from the Petén region of Guatemala in the late 19th century.  The village is known for the hand woven embroidery produced there.

Toledo District
Toledo is the southernmost and least populated district in Belize. Punta Gorda is the District capital. According to the Human Development Index (HDI), it is the second most developed region in the country. The district has a diverse topography which features rainforests, extensive cave networks, coastal lowland plains, and offshore cays. Toledo is home to a wide range of cultures such as Mopan, Kekchi Maya, Creole, Garifuna, East Indians, Mennonites, Mestizos, and descendants of US Confederate settlers.
ForestrySA
ForestrySA, formerly the South Australian Forestry Corporation, is a business enterprise owned by the Government of South Australia that is responsible for management of publicly owned plantation forests in South Australia including the commercial production of timber and the management of forests for non-commercial purposes such as community use and as protected areas.

Government of South Australia
The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government or the SA Government, is the executive branch of the state of South Australia. It is modelled on the Westminster system, meaning that the highest ranking members of the executive are drawn from an elected state parliament. Specifically the party or coalition which holds a majority of the House of Assembly (the lower chamber of the South Australian Parliament).
Puccinellia macquariensis
Puccinellia macquariensis is a species of salt-tolerant, perennial, tufted grass in the family Poaceae.  It is endemic to Australia's subantarctic Macquarie Island in the Southern Ocean, though very closely related to P. chathamica of New Zealand's southern offshore islands.  It grows to between 4 and 25 cm in height and is common in dense patches on coastal cliffs and stacks.  It flowers from November to June.

Macquarie Island
Macquarie Island is a subantarctic island in the south-western Pacific Ocean, about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica. It has been governed as a part of Tasmania, Australia, since 1880. It became a Tasmanian State Reserve in 1978 and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Macquarie Island is an exposed portion of the Macquarie Ridge and is located where the Australian plate meets the Pacific plate.

The island is home to the entire royal penguin population during their annual nesting season. Ecologically, the island is part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion.
Urachal cancer
Urachal cancer is a very rare type of cancer arising from the urachus or its remnants. The disease might arise from metaplastic glandular epithelium or embryonic epithelial remnants originating from the cloaca region.

It occurs in roughly about one person per 1 million people per year varying on the geographical region. Men are affected slightly more often than women mostly in the 5th decade of life but the disease can occur in also in other age groups.

It can involve the urinary bladder, but is not bladder cancer in the usual sense. Urachal cancer can occur at any site along the urachal tract.

Urachal cancer was mentioned by Hue and Jacquin in 1863 followed by an elaborate work by T. Cullen in 1916 about diseases of the umbilicus, while C. Begg further characterized urachal cancer in the 1930s. Detailed diagnostic and staging schemes were proposed by Sheldon et al. in 1984, which remain widely used today.

Urachus
The urachus forms from the distal end of the allantois in the embryo, and develops into a closed cord between the base of the bladder, and the navel. It drains the bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord. The fibrous remnant lies in the space of Retzius, between the transverse fascia anteriorly and the peritoneum posteriorly. At birth, the urachus develops into the median umbilical ligament.
USS Parker
Two ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Parker for Foxhall A. Parker, Jr.

The first USS Parker (DD-48) was an Aylwin-class destroyer, commissioned in 1913, served in World War I and was decommissioned in 1922.

The second USS Parker (DD-604) was a Benson-class destroyer, commissioned in 1942, served in World War II and was decommissioned in 1947.

Foxhall A. Parker Jr.
Foxhall Alexander Parker Jr. (August 5, 1821 – June 10, 1879) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War and became one of the founders of the United States Naval Institute.
Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2% of all human genes. There are two main types of protein kinase. The great majority are serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate the hydroxyl groups of serines and threonines in their targets. Most of the others are tyrosine kinases, although additional types exist. Protein kinases are also found in bacteria and plants. Up to 30% of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in signal transduction.

Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form when dissolved in water), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form when dissolved in water), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli. It is encoded by all the codons starting AC (ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG).

Threonine sidechains are often hydrogen bonded; the most common small motifs formed are based on interactions with serine: ST turns, ST motifs (often at the beginning of alpha helices) and ST staples (usually at the middle of alpha helices).
Outlaws Like Me
Outlaws Like Me is the second studio album by American country music artist Justin Moore. It was released on June 21, 2011 via The Valory Music Co. The album's first single, "If Heaven Wasn't So Far Away", became Moore's second number one hit on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. Its single, "Bait a Hook" reached the top 20 at number 17. The third single, "Til My Last Day", peaked at number one on the Country Airplay chart. Moore co-wrote eleven of the thirteen songs on the album.

Bait a Hook
"Bait a Hook" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Justin Moore. It was released in August 2011 as the second single from his 2011 album Outlaws Like Me. The song became Moore's fifth top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, with a peak at number 17. It also reached number 63 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of over 500,000 units in the United States. Reviews for the track were generally mixed, with critics divided over the premise and its lyrical content.
Paul Haddad
Paul Haddad (May 20, 1963 – April 11, 2020) was a Canadian actor. He was the original voice actor of Leon S. Kennedy in the Resident Evil franchise, voicing the character in Resident Evil 2 (1998). Other voice over roles included Uncle Arthur in Babar (1989–1991), Quicksilver and Arkon in X-Men: The Animated Series (1992–1996), Luke Talbot in Monster Force (1994), the title character in Free Willy (1994–1995), and Lefty in John Callahan's Quads! (2000–2002).

John Callahan's Quads!
John Callahan's Quads! (or simply Quads!) is an adult animated sitcom produced by Nelvana. It was created by and based upon the work of John Callahan, who also created another Nelvana-produced series, Pelswick. The show aired in 2001 on Teletoon Unleashed! in Canada, SBS in Australia, and in Latin America on Locomotion and Adult Swim. The series was released on YouTube in 2018. Quads! was one of the first shows animated completely using the Macromedia Flash software. 26 episodes were produced.

It was produced by Animation Works, Nelvana, Media World Features, SBS Independent, and Film Victoria, with support from ScreenWest and Lotterywest. It was first aired on Teletoon at Night on 2 February 2001.

When Quads Won't Leave was an early title for the series.
Trenchard More
Trenchard More (1930 – 2019) was a mathematician and computer scientist who worked at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center and Cambridge Scientific Center after teaching at MIT and Yale.

He was also a full professor for two years at the Technical University of Denmark.

He participated in the 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. At the 50th year meeting of the Dartmouth Conference with Marvin Minsky, Ray Solomonoff, Geoffrey Hinton and Simon Osindero he presented  The Future of Network Models and also gave a lecture entitled Routes to the Summit.

More designed a theory for nested rectangular arrays that provided a formal structure used in the development of APL2 and the  Nested Interactive Array Language.

Dartmouth workshop
The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence was a 1956 summer workshop widely considered to be the founding event of artificial intelligence as a field. The workshop has been referred to as "the Constitutional Convention of AI". The project's four organizers, those being Claude Shannon, John McCarthy, Nathaniel Rochester and Marvin Minsky, are considered some of the founding fathers of AI.

The project lasted approximately six to eight weeks and was essentially an extended brainstorming session. Eleven mathematicians and scientists originally planned to attend; not all of them attended, but more than ten others came for short times.
John Grace (Māori leader)
Sir John Te Herekiekie Grace KBE MVO (28 July 1905 – 11 August 1985) was a New Zealand interpreter, public servant, community leader and New Zealand's first High Commissioner to Fiji. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngāti Tūwharetoa iwi. He was born in Whanganui, New Zealand on 28 July 1905.

In 1953, Grace was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal. He was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1954 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours. In the 1968 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the Māori people and in public affairs.

Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
The Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (French: Médaille du couronnement de la Reine Élizabeth II) is a commemorative medal instituted to celebrate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on 2 June 1953.
Arthur Fiedler Footbridge
The Arthur Fiedler Footbridge is a wheelchair accessible footbridge named after Arthur Fiedler in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

The bridge was built in 1953, in brutalist style, and dedicated in 1954 to honor 25 years of concerts by the Boston Pops Orchestra at the Esplanade.  It was renovated in 2021.

Arthur Fiedler
Arthur Fiedler (December 17, 1894 – July 10, 1979) was an American conductor known for his association with both the Boston Symphony and Boston Pops orchestras. With a combination of musicianship and showmanship, he made the Boston Pops one of the best-known orchestras in the United States. Fiedler was sometimes criticized for over-popularizing music, particularly when adapting popular songs or editing portions of the classical repertoire, but he kept performances informal and sometimes self-mocking to attract a bigger audience.
Alex Shibicky
Alexandre Dimitri Shibicky (May 19, 1914 – July 9, 2005) was a Canadian ice hockey forward who played for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League from 1935 to 1946.

Shibicky was also a Stanley Cup winner in 1940, and the vice-president of the first incarnation of the National Hockey League Players' Association, but he is best known for being the first player to use a slapshot, which he did in 1937. He said he learned it in practice from teammate Fred "Bun" Cook during the 1935–36 season. He also spent three years in the Canadian Forces during the Second World War.

1940 Stanley Cup Final
The 1940 Stanley Cup Final was a best-of-seven series between the New York Rangers and the Toronto Maple Leafs. New York would win the series 4–2 to win their third Stanley Cup. The Rangers would not win another for 54 years, a circumstance termed the Curse of 1940.
John Bullen House
John Bullen House is a historic home located at Dover, Kent County, Delaware. It was built between 1775 and 1781, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, five bay center hall plan, brick dwelling. The interior retains original woodwork in the central hall, the former dining room, and the second floor south bedroom. The Farmers' Bank of Delaware purchased the house in 1959.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
Lake Sakakawea
Lake Sakakawea is a large reservoir in the north central United States, impounded in 1953 by Garrison Dam, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam located in the Missouri River basin in central North Dakota. Named for the Shoshone-Hidatsa woman Sacagawea (who accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition), it is the largest man-made lake located entirely within North Dakota, the second largest in the United States by area after Lake Oahe, and the third largest in the United States by volume, after Lake Mead and Lake Powell.

The lake is located about fifty miles (80 km) from the state capital of Bismarck; the distance by the Missouri River is about 75 miles (120 km). The lake's width averages between 2–3 miles (3–5 km), with a maximum of 14 miles (23 km) at Van Hook Arm. Lake Sakakawea marks the maximum southwest extent of glaciation during the ice age. The lake is located within the counties of: Dunn, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Mountrail, and Williams.

McLean County, North Dakota
McLean County (/məˈkleɪn/ mə-KLAYN) is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,771, and was estimated to be 9,845 in 2024. The county seat is Washburn and the largest city is Garrison.
Songea
Songea is the capital of Ruvuma Region in southwestern Tanzania. It is located along the A19 road.  The city has a population of 286,285, and is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Songea.  Between 1905 and 1907, the city was a centre of African resistance during the Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa.  The city is poised to experience significant economic growth in the near future as the Mtwara Corridor opens up in a few years. It is projected to be the sixth fastest growing city on the African continent between 2020 and 2025, with a 5.74% growth.

Mtwara–Mbamba Bay Road
The Mtwara–Mbamba Bay Road, also called the A19 Road, connects the city of Mtwara on the Indian Ocean coast, to the town of Mbamba Bay on the eastern coast of Lake Malawi. It is a busy and important transport corridor in the southern regions of Tanzania. It is also an integral part of the Mtwara Development Corridor that spans four Southern African countries; Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia.
The Naked Sun (song)
"The Naked Sun" is a song by Swedish singer Pandora. It was released in April 1995 as the third single from her second studio album Tell the World (1995). It features an uncredited rap by M-Fuse. The song became Pandora's fifth top 5 single in Finland.

Tell the World (Pandora album)
Tell the World is the second studio album by Swedish singer Pandora, released in Sweden in February 1995 by Virgin Records. The album peaked at number 11 in Sweden.
The Japanese edition featured "One of Us", originally by ABBA. By September 1996, the album had sold over 455,000 copies in Japan alone.
Carino of Balsamo
Blessed Carino Pietro of Balsamo (died 1293), sometimes called Saint Acerinus, was the murderer of Saint Peter of Verona ("Peter Martyr") who later repented his actions and became a Dominican lay brother.  He is venerated as a beatus by the Catholic Church.

Cinisello Balsamo
Cinisello Balsamo (Italian pronunciation: [tʃiniˈzɛllo ˈbalsamo]; Lombard: Cinisell Balsom [tʃiniˌzɛl ˈbaːlsum]) is a comune (municipality) of about 75,200 inhabitants in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the Italian region of Lombardy, about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Milan.

Cinisello Balsamo borders the following municipalities: Monza, Muggiò, Nova Milanese, Paderno Dugnano, Cusano Milanino, Sesto San Giovanni, Bresso.

The current comune was formed in 1928 by the union of Cinisello and Balsamo, and received the honorary title of city through a presidential decree on 17 October 1972.