hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas (c. 711–795 CE) in the 8th century. In contrast to the Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Ra'y schools of thought, the Maliki school takes a unique position known as Ahl al-A'mal, in which they consider the Sunnah to be primarily sourced from the practice of the people of Medina and living Islamic traditions for their rulings on Islamic law.

The Maliki school is the second largest Sunni school, larger than the Shafi’i school but smaller than the Hanafi school. It is predominant in North Africa, West Africa and the Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The current Maliki population is said to be around 500 million, comprising about 25% of the total Muslim population.

Al-Muwatta
Al-Muwaṭṭaʾ (Arabic: الموطأ, 'the well-trodden path') or Muwatta Imam Malik (Arabic: موطأ الإمام مالك) of Imam Malik (711–795) written in the 8th-century, is one of the earliest collections of hadith texts comprising the subjects of Islamic law, compiled by the Imam, Malik ibn Anas. It is also the earliest extant example of a musannaf, referring to a genre of hadith compilation which arranges hadith topically.

Malik's best-known work, Al-Muwatta was the first legal work to incorporate and combine hadith and fiqh.
Cavemovirus
Cavemovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: vein-clearing or banding mosaic.

Caulimoviridae
Caulimoviridae is a family of viruses infecting plants. The family contains 11 genera. Viruses belonging to the family Caulimoviridae are termed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse-transcribing viruses (or pararetroviruses) i.e. viruses that contain a reverse transcription stage in their replication cycle. This family contains all plant viruses with a dsDNA genome that have a reverse transcribing phase in their lifecycle.
JRuby
JRuby is an implementation of the Ruby programming language atop the Java Virtual Machine, written largely in Java. It is free software released under a three-way EPL/GPL/LGPL license. JRuby is tightly integrated with Java to allow the embedding of the interpreter into any Java application with full two-way access between the Java and the Ruby code (similar to Jython for the Python language).

JRuby's lead developers are Charles Oliver Nutter and Thomas Enebo, with many current and past contributors including Ola Bini and Nick Sieger. In September 2006, Sun Microsystems hired Enebo and Nutter to work on JRuby full-time. In June 2007, ThoughtWorks hired Ola Bini to work on Ruby and JRuby.

In July 2009, the JRuby developers left Sun to continue JRuby development at Engine Yard. In May 2012, Nutter and Enebo left Engine Yard to work on JRuby at Red Hat.

Da Vinci Machine
The Da Vinci Machine, also called the Multi Language Virtual Machine, was a Sun Microsystems project aiming to prototype the extension of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to add support for dynamic languages.

It was already possible to run dynamic languages on top of the JVM, but the goal is to ease new dynamic language implementations and increase their performance. This project was the reference implementation of JSR 292 (Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Platform).
Quellinus family
Quellinus is the surname of a family of Flemish artists, painters and sculptors active in the 17th century in Antwerp. Members of the family include:

Erasmus Quellinus I,  also the Elder, sculptor, (ca. 1584–1639/40)
Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, painter, (1607–78)
Jan Erasmus Quellinus, painter (1634–1715)
Artus Quellinus I, sculptor, (1609–68)
Hubertus Quellinus, drawing artist, (1619–87)

Artus Quellinus II, also the Younger, sculptor, (1625–1700), nephew of Erasmus Quellinus I
Artus Quellinus III, sculptor, (1653–1686 in London)
Cornelis Quellinus, painter, (1658–1709)
Thomas Quellinus, sculptor in Copenhagen, (1661–1709)

Thomas Quellinus
Thomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp as a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists active in 17th century Antwerp. He worked most of his career in Copenhagen, Denmark, where he operated a workshop.  He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany's Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.
Toni Androić
Toni Androić (Croatian pronunciation: [tôni ǎndroitɕ, tôː-]; born 28 December 1991 in Pula) is a tennis player from Croatia.

He was in the main draw of the 2011 Croatia Open with his partner Borut Puc. He is working with Goran Prpić. In 2012, he was part of the HTK Zagreb team that won the national tennis championship.

Borut Puc
Borut Puc (born 19 January 1991) is a Croatian–Slovenian tennis player.

Puc has a career high ATP singles ranking of 466 achieved on 25 July 2011. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 699 achieved on 14 September 2009.

Puc made his ATP main draw debut at the 2011 ATP Studena Croatia Open in the doubles draw partnering Toni Androić.

Borut Puc is the son of Iztok Puc, Slovenian-Croatian handball player. His grandfather, Hrvoje Horvat, also is a former Croatian handball player.
Samandıra Army Air Base
Samandıra Army Air Base, (Turkish: Samandıra Kara Hava Üssü) (ICAO: LTBX) is a military airport of the Turkish Army located in Sancaktepe district of Istanbul, Turkey. The air base is home to 4th Army Aviation Regiment of the Turkish First Army.

The facility is situated within the Gen. İsmail Hakkı Tunaboylu Barracks just north of the Anatolian Motorway  O-4. Two helicopter squadrons are stationed at the army air base, each operating ten UH-1H Iroquois and ten UH-60A Black Hawk. In addition, eight UH-1H and three  Cessna T182TSkylane are available for use to the HQ of the regiment.

Sancaktepe
Sancaktepe is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 63 km2, and its population is 489,848 (2022).

In 2008 the district Sancaktepe was created from parts of the districts Kartal and Ümraniye. The urban part of the new district was established as a municipality. At the 2013 Turkish local government reorganisation, the rural part of the district was integrated into the municipality, the villages becoming neighbourhoods.
Chironex
Chironex is a genus of box jellyfish in the family Chirodropidae. Their stings are highly venomous, and have caused human fatalities. Based on present knowledge, the genus is restricted to the central Indo-Pacific, ranging from southern Japan to northern Australia.

Chirodropidae
Chirodropidae is a family of venomous box jellyfish within the class Cubozoa. Like other members of the order Chirodropida, they have branched pedalia (muscular bases at the corners of their cubic umbrella), in contrast to the unbranched pedalia of box jellyfish in the order Carybdeida. Each branch houses its own individual tentacle. Nematocyst composition and type can vary among individuals within this family based on body size and life stage. Like other box jellyfish, chirodropids can be found in coastal and shallow marine areas, but they have also been found to occur at benthic depths.
Henry Manns
Henry Joseph Manns (20 June 1839 – 26 March 1863) was an Australian bushranger and member of the Gardiner–Hall gang. He is best known for taking part in the 1862 Eugowra robbery, the largest gold heist in Australian history. Soon after, Manns was captured by police, tried, convicted and sentenced to death by hanging, which was carried out in a botched execution at Darlinghurst Gaol.

Gardiner–Hall gang
The Gardiner–Hall Gang was an informal group of bushrangers who roamed the central west of the Colony of New South Wales, Australia in the 1860s. Named after leaders Frank Gardiner and Ben Hall, the gang was involved in numerous shootouts and robberies, including Australia's largest ever gold robbery, at Eugowra Rocks. The gang formed in 1861 and its demise came with the execution of John Dunn in 1866.

Several members of the gang, in particular Ben Hall, have become prominent figures in Australian folklore, inspiring numerous songs, films, plays and other cultural depictions.
Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands
During the German occupation of the Channel Islands, there was limited resistance. The islands had a very high number of German soldiers compared to the civilian population, one soldier for every 2-3 civilians, which reduced options; this linked to the severe penalties imposed by the occupiers meant that only forms of non-lethal resistance were used by the population. Even so, over twenty civilians died for resistance against the occupiers.

Louisa Gould
Louisa Mary Gould (née Le Druillenec; 7 October 1891 – 13 February 1945) was a Jersey shopkeeper and a member of the resistance in the Channel Islands during World War II. From 1942 until her arrest in 1944, Gould sheltered an escaped Soviet forced labourer known as Fyodor Polycarpovich Buriy on the island of Jersey. Following a trial, she was sent to the Ravensbrück concentration camp where she was killed in 1945.

Gould was posthumously named a British Hero of the Holocaust in 2010.
Castlebay Community School
Castlebay Community School is a bilingual Gaelic/English school for ages 3–18 on the Scottish island of Barra.

There are four schools on Barra - three in Castlebay - the Nursery School/Sgoil àraich, Castlebay Primary School/Bun-sgoil Bhàgh a’ Chaisteil,  and Castlebay Secondary School/Sgoil Bhàgh a’ Chaisteil, and one in Eoligarry, in the north of the island - Eoligarry Primary School/Bun-Sgoil Eòligearraidh, This group of four schools all operate under one headteacher.

In September 2007, it hosted a major tribute to sailors who sailed in the Merchant Navy from the Western Isles and around the world. Such tributes included various plays, traditional highland dancing, tours around ships used by the Merchant Navy and a fly past by the RAF. Representatives from Her Majesty's Armed Forces around the world were also present.

Barra
Barra (/ˈbærə/; Scottish Gaelic: Barraigh [ˈparˠaj] or Eilean Bharraigh [ˈelan ˈvarˠaj] ⓘ; Scots: Barra) is an island in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, and the second southernmost inhabited island there, after the adjacent island of Vatersay to which it is connected by the Vatersay Causeway.

In 2022, the population was 1,209, an increase of 35 since the 2011 census. English and Gaelic are widely spoken, and at the 2011 Census, there were 761 Gaelic speakers (62% of the population, falling from 76% in the 1991 census). Barra's airport is claimed to be the only one in the world to have regular scheduled flights landing on a beach.
Bullastra
Bullastra is a genus of large-sized, globose snails in the family Lymnaeidae. Snails in this genus have large apertures and fleshy, triangular tentacles. This genus is similar to Austropeplea but differs in generally being larger and having a distinctive twist in the columella.

Lymnaeidae
Lymnaeidae, common name the pond snails, is  a taxonomic family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the clade Hygrophila.

Lymnaeidae is the only family within the superfamily Lymnaeoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Don Mueang district
Don Mueang (Thai: ดอนเมือง, RTGS: Don Mueang, pronounced [dɔ̄ːn mɯ̄a̯ŋ]; lit. 'the upland where the town is located'; sometimes spelled "Don Muang") is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It is bounded by (from north clockwise): Mueang Pathum Thani and Lam Luk Ka of Pathum Thani province; Sai Mai, Bang Khen and Lak Si of Bangkok; and Pak Kret of Nonthaburi province. The district is best known as the location of Don Mueang International Airport.

Lak Si district
Lak Si (Thai: หลักสี่, pronounced [làk sìː]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It is bounded by (from the north clockwise): Don Mueang, Bang Khen and Chatuchak of Bangkok; Mueang Nonthaburi district and Pak Kret district of Nonthaburi province.

The district is served by SRT Dark Red Line (at Thung Song Hong station, Lak Si station and Kan Kheha station) and MRT Pink Line (at Muang Thong Thani MRT station, Chaeng Watthana 14 MRT station, Government Complex MRT station, National Telecom MRT station, Lak Si station and Rajabhat Phranakhon MRT station)
Brooklyn Italians
Brooklyn Italians SC is an American soccer team based in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States. Founded in 1949, the team has won two Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup (1979, 1991), making it the last team from New York to have won the tournament. It last played professionally in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) at the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Northeast Atlantic Division during its 2019 season. The club is currently an academy affiliate of the New York Red Bulls and competes at the semi-professional level in the United Soccer League Academy.

1991 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
The 1991 CONCACAF Champions' Cup was the 27th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CONCACAF region (North America, Central America and the Caribbean), the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. It determined that year's club champion of association football in the CONCACAF region and was played from 7 April till 24 September 1991.

The teams were split in three zones (North, Central and Caribbean), each one qualifying the winner to the final tournament, where the winners of the Caribbean and Central zones played a semi-final to decide who was going to play against the Northern champion in the final. All the matches in the tournament were played under the home/away match system.

Mexican club Puebla beat Trinidarian Police 4–2 on aggregate. Therefore, Puebla won their first CONCACAF championship, which was also their first international title. This is the last time a Caribbean team appeared in the final.
FitsAir
FITS Aviation (Pvt) Limited, DBA FitsAir (formerly known as ExpoAir), is a Sri Lankan low-cost airline. It operates scheduled passenger services within Sri Lanka, as well as international flights to several cities in the Middle East, Southeast Asia and Africa, and also operates charter flights to India. The company slogan is Friend In The Skies. FitsAir is a subsidiary of Aberdeen Holdings (Pvt) Ltd, a diversified conglomerate headquartered in Sri Lanka.

ExpoAir was the first airline in Sri Lanka to be certified under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) annex requirements, as well as being the first domestic airline to be certified by the Department of Civil Aviation to commence flights to Jaffna.

Ilyushin Il-18
The Ilyushin Il-18 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-18; NATO reporting name: Coot) is a large turboprop airliner that first flew in 1957 and became one of the best known Soviet aircraft of its era. The Il-18 was one of the Soviet Union's principal airliners for several decades and was widely exported. Due to the aircraft's durability, many examples achieved over 45,000 flight hours and the type remains operational in both military and to a lesser extent in civilian capacities. The Il-18's successor was the longer-range Ilyushin Il-62.
Sakharayapatna
Sakharayapatna is a panchayat town in Chikmagalur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. This town is situated in Malenadu region. The town is midway on Kadur- Chikkamagaluru highway; 18 km (11 mi) from Kadur, 23 km (14 mi) from Chikmagalur, 174 km (108 mi) from Mangalore, and 226 km (140 mi) from Bengaluru.

The name of the town literally means "the town of the ruler named Sakharaya" in the Kannada language.

Sakharayapatna and the surrounding region produce areca nuts and jackfruits.

Kaduru
Kaduru, also known as Kadur, is a town in the district and a taluk in Chikmagalur district, in Karnataka. It lies 13.5486° N, 76.0084° E, in the Rain shadow  region of Western Ghats  in the Malenadu  region. Kadur is also well known for its Areca nut and Coconut production.

It is the second largest town in the district and also the former capital of Kadur district (Cuddoor district). The capital was moved to Chikmagalur in 1865, but the district name remained. Later in 1947, the district was renamed as Chikmagalur district.
Capsized: Blood in the Water
Capsized: Blood in the Water is an American biographical natural horror-survival film, based on a true story from 1982. Roel Reiné directed the film, from a script written by Stephen David, with the story co-written by David, Tim K. Kelly and Jonathan Soule. The film plot centers around a small boat crew aboard a private yacht who are stranded in shark infested waters, following a storm that overturns their vessel. Debuting as the first scripted Discovery's Shark Week feature film, Capsized: Blood in the Water was released on July 31, 2019 as an exclusive to the network's week-long yearly event.

The movie was met with mixed reviews praising its realism and special effects, while criticizing its changes to the true story. Some critics questioned Discovery Channel's addition of the film to their schedule, due to the program's usual stance on disproving sharks as monsters of the ocean.

Deborah Scaling Kiley
Deborah Scaling Kiley (January 21, 1958 – August 13, 2012) was an American sailor, author, motivational speaker, and businesswoman. She was the first American woman to complete the Whitbread Round the World Race. In 1982, she famously survived a boating accident off the coast of North Carolina, which became the basis for her book Albatross and the subject of multiple other books and films which emphasized traits and skills of survival. She died of unknown causes after moving to Mexico in 2012.
Ik (river)
The Ik (Russian: Ик; Tatar: Ык, Iq; Bashkir: Ыҡ, Iq) is a river in Russia that flows north to the Kama, joining it from the left. It flows through the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan and through Orenburg Oblast. The left tributaries of the Ik are Mellya, Menzelya, Dymka, and the right tributary is Usen. It is 571 kilometres (355 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 18,100 square kilometres (7,000 sq mi).

The time difference between Bavly in Tatarstan and Oktyabrsky in Bashkortostan is two hours (Tatarstan uses Moscow Time and Bashkortostan uses Yekaterinburg Time). Therefore, the bridge through Ik (river-border) is jokingly called "the longest bridge in the world".

Menzelya
The Menzelya (Russian: Мензеля; Tatar: Минзәлә) is a river in Tatarstan, Russian Federation, a former left-bank tributary of the river Ik, which flows into the Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. It is 159 kilometres (99 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 2,120 square kilometres (820 mi2).

The river's source is at the village Novy Menzelyabash, Sarmanovsky District, Tatarstan. Major tributaries are the Kholodnaya, Kamyshly, Iganya, Urguda rivers.

The maximal mineralization is 400-800 mg/L. The average sediment deposition at the river mouth per year reaches 100 millimetres (3.9 in). The maximal discharge is 215 cubic metres per second (7,600 cu ft/s). Drainage is regulated. Since 1978, it has been protected as a natural monument of Tatarstan.

The town of Menzelinsk is located near the river's mouth. The notable landmark of the river and the town is an abandoned railway bridge, where the railway was never installed.
Retreat Passage
Retreat Passage is a short strait and marine waterway between Gilford Island (E) and Bonwick Island (W) in the Broughton Archipelago of the eastern Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada.

Broughton Archipelago
Broughton Archipelago is a group of islands located at the eastern end of Queen Charlotte Strait in Mount Waddington Regional District, British Columbia. The archipelago is the traditional territory of the Musgamagw Dzawada'enuxw, Namgis, Ma'amtagila and Tlowitsis nations of the Kwakwaka'wakw peoples.
Munger Lok Sabha constituency
Munger Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India. Mokama and Barh are also part of Munger Lok Sabha constituency which fall under Patna district. It shares border with Patna Sahib Lok Sabha constituency.

Barh Assembly constituency
Barh Assembly constituency is one of 243 constituencies of legislative assembly of Bihar. It comes under Munger Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies. Barh is in the 14 assembly segments which fall under Patna district.
Keith Top of the Pops & His Minor UK Indie Celebrity All-Star Backing Band
Keith Top of the Pops & His Minor UK Indie Celebrity All-Star Backing Band is a London-based indie rock band led by singer-songwriter Keith Top of the Pops.

The band was formed at an Art Brut gig in New York City in 2006, after a support band dropped out, and Keith, who had produced Art Brut's first two singles, played some of his songs with members of Art Brut.  The band has subsequently featured a rotating line-up of musicians, with two rules, of avoiding soundchecks and never having rehearsals.

The band has released three albums.  The first, Fuck You! I'm Keith Top of the Pops (released in 2011), was given 5 stars by and made Album of the Month by Artrocker.   The second album TOTP 2 (released in 2013) was reviewed well by PopMatters, which described it as "hard to fault". It was also given 5 stars by Artrocker. A third album, Livin' the Dream, was released in 2018.

Desperate Journalist
Desperate Journalist are an English, London-based post-punk band, formed in 2012.  They released their self-titled debut album in 2015 on Fierce Panda Records. A second album, Grow Up, was released in March 2017.  The band's third album, In Search of the Miraculous, was released in February 2019. A fourth album, Maximum Sorrow!, was released on 2 July 2021. Their fifth album, No Hero, was released on September 27, 2024.
Grampianfjella
Grampianfjella is a mountain ridge in Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard. The ridge is named after the Scottish Grampian Mountains. Among the mountains of the ridge are Monacofjellet, Jessiefjellet, Charlesfjellet, Parnasset, Phippsaksla, Nipenosa, Phippsfjellet, Djevletommelen, Klørne, Neglene and Kasinoet.

Phippsfjellet
Phippsfjellet is a mountain on Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard. It has a height of 1,013 m.a.s.l. and is located on the ridge of Grampianfjella. The mountain is named after British Arctic explorer and naval officer Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave. Further southeast on the ridge is the mountain of Phippsaksla.
Young Labour (UK)
Young Labour is the youth section of the UK Labour Party. Membership is automatic for Labour Party members aged 14 to 26.

It exists to involve young people in the Labour Party and ensure that the aspirations of young people are reflected in Labour's policies in power. Young Labour members are able to get involved in the Labour Party through local policy events, campaigning or by attending events and social gatherings.

Young Labour hosts an annual conference, alternating between national committee elections and policy conferences every other year. Young Labour also holds a range of additional national events, including fringe sessions at the annual Labour Party Conference.

Young Labour is affiliated to both the International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY) and Young European Socialists (YES).

Young European Socialists
Young European Socialists (YES), formerly the European Community Organisation of Socialist Youth (ECOSY), is an association of social democratic youth organisations in Europe and the European Union.

YES is the youth organisation of the Party of European Socialists (PES) and is a sister organization of the International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY). The seat of the organisation is Brussels.

Full members status is held to the European Youth Forum (YFJ) which operates within the Council of Europe and European Union areas and works closely with both these bodies.