hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
E-470
E-470 is a 47-mile-long (76 km) controlled-access toll road that traverses the eastern portion of the Denver metropolitan area in the US state of Colorado. It is the eastern half of the 470 beltway that serves Meridian, Parker, Aurora, Denver International Airport, and Brighton.

The toll road is neither a state highway nor an Interstate Highway and is instead owned and maintained by the E-470 Public Highway Authority, which is controlled by a governing board of eight elected officials of eight local governments. Construction and operation involves no state or federal funding or taxes, with the exception of a $10 fee originally charged on vehicle registrations for residents of Arapahoe, Adams, and Douglas counties. Historically, 86±2% of the road's revenues have come from tolls.

Lone Tree, Colorado
The City of Lone Tree is a home rule municipality located in northern Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The population was 14,253 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 14,061 in 2024.

Lone Tree is a part of the Denver metropolitan area.
Surflon S-111
Surflon S-111 (CAS 72968-3-88) is a commercial product consisting of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in ammonium salt form. It is commonly used as a polymerization aid in the production of fluoropolymers.

The dominant chemical compound is perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) at 74% by weight, followed by the 11 carbon perfluoroundecanoic acid (20%), and the 13 carbon perfluorotridecanoic acid (5%).

Surflon S-111 is synthesized in Japan by oxidizing a mixture of fluorotelomer olefins. Fluorotelomer olefins are synthesized using a telomerization of tetrafluoroethylene taxogens (monomers), followed by an ethylene insertion. The olefin is oxidized, removing one carbon to yield products with an odd number of carbons with even-lengthed fluorocarbon chains plus a carboxylic acid group. As the fluorotelomer olefins are dominated by F(CF2)8CH=CH2, PFNA is the major PFCA product.

Surflon S-111 "is described as Fatty acids, C7-C13, perfluoro, ammonium salts".

Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids
Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), or perfluorocarboxylic acids are compounds of the formula CnF(2n+1)CO2H that belong to the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The simplest example is trifluoroacetic acid.  These compounds are organofluorine analogues of ordinary carboxylic acids, but they are stronger by several pKa units and they exhibit great hydrophobic character.  Perfluoroalkyl dicarboxylic acids (PFdiCAs) are also known, e.g. C2F4(CO2H)2.
Hugh Longbourne Callendar
Hugh Longbourne Callendar FRS (18 April 1863 – 21 January 1930) was a British physicist known for his contributions to the areas of thermometry and thermodynamics.

Callendar was the first to design and build an accurate platinum resistance thermometer suitable for use, which allowed scientists and engineers to obtain consistent and accurate results. He conducted experiments and researched thermodynamics, producing and publishing reliable tables on the thermodynamic properties of steam used for calculations. Callendar worked with multiple institutions during World War I, helping to research and develop useful tools for the Navy.

Callendar received awards such as the James Watt Medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers (1898) and the Rumford Medal (1906). He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society, and later a member of the Physical Society of London. Callendar was also nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics three times.

He died at home in Ealing, after an operation in 1930.

Resistance thermometer
Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), are sensors that use the electrical resistance of a substance (such as platinum) to measure temperature. Many RTD elements consist of a length of fine wire wrapped around a heat-resistant ceramic or glass core but other constructions are also used. The RTD wire is typically platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), or copper (Cu). The material has an accurate temperature–resistance relationship which is used to provide an indication of temperature. As RTD elements are fragile, they are often housed in protective probes called thermowells. RTDs have higher accuracy and repeatability than thermocouples, which is why they are slowly replacing them in industrial applications below 600 °C.
L-Orizzont
L-Orizzont (lit. "The Horizon") is a national daily newspaper in Malta published by Union Print Co., the media arm of the General Workers' Union. The newspaper was founded in 1962 by Anton Cassar, who also served as the paper's first editor.

Anton Cassar
Anton Cassar (1924 – 30 June 2014) was a Maltese journalist and editor, who founded L-Orizzont, a national daily newspaper, in 1962.
 Cassar also served as L-Orizzont's first editor.

Cassar was born in Marsa, Malta, in 1924. He started his career as a journalist at Il-Berqa in 1946. He was awarded the Gold Award from the Institute of Maltese Journalists (IMJ) for his work. He also received a lifetime achievement award from the National Book Council in 2013.

Anton Cassar died on 30 June 2014, at the age of 90.
Sam Garbarski
Sam Garbarski (born 13 February 1948) is a Belgian film director and screenwriter. His film Irina Palm (2007) was awarded Best European Film at the 53rd David di Donatello Awards. He then directed A Distant Neighborhood (2010), a fantasy film based on the manga of the same name by Jiro Taniguchi. Garbarski co-wrote its screenplay with Jérôme Tonnerre and Philippe Blasband. The film earned him a Magritte Award nomination in the category of Best Director.

His film Bye Bye Germany was released in 2017 to critical acclaim. He grew up as child of two Holocaust survivors and left West-Germany for Belgium in 1970. He is the father of actress Tania Garbarski.

David di Donatello for Best European Film
The David di Donatello for Best European Film (Italian: David di Donatello per il miglior film dell'Unione europea) is a category in the David di Donatello Awards, described as "Italy’s answer to the Oscars". It was awarded by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (ACI, Academy of Italian Cinema) to recognize the most outstanding non-Italian film released in Europe during the year preceding the ceremony. The award was launched at the 2004 ceremony and cancelled after the 2018 event, following which it was incorporated into the Best Foreign Film award.
Nett Lake (CDP), Minnesota
Nett Lake is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Nett Lake Territory, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States; located on the shore of Nett Lake. As of the 2020 census, its population was 230.

The community of Nett Lake is located 18 miles west of Orr, and 31 miles northwest of Cook.

Saint Louis County Road 23 (CR 23) (Nett Lake Road) serves as a main route in the community.

The unincorporated community of Nett Lake is located within the Nett Lake Indian Reservation (Bois Forte Indian Reservation).

Between 1907 and 1931, the Nett Lake Boarding and Day School, a Native American residential school, operated in Nett Lake.

St. Louis County, Minnesota
St. Louis County is a county  in the Arrowhead Region of  Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 200,231. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county in Minnesota by land area, and the largest in the United States by total area east of the Mississippi River.
St. Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN–Superior, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism. Open pit mining of taconite and processing it into high grade iron ore remains an important part of the economy of the Iron Range and is directly tied to shipping in the twin ports of Duluth and Superior. Parts of the federally recognized Bois Forte and Fond du Lac Indian reservations are in the county.
Birthday Eve
Birthday Eve is a limited edition single by Japanese R&B-turned-pop artist Kumi Koda. It was the second release in her 12 Singles Collection and charted No. 6 on Oricon, remaining for four weeks. The single became the first release to be limited to 50,000 units, which would be done for all but three of the singles in the collection.

Parts of the music video took inspiration from American actress Marilyn Monroe's 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. The song was written by Kosuke Morimoto and performed by Toru Watanabe, both who had worked previously with Kumi.

Koda Kumi
Kumiko Kōda (神田 來未子, Kōda Kumiko; born November 13, 1982), known professionally as Koda Kumi (倖田 來未, Kōda Kumi), is a Japanese singer from Kyoto, known for her urban and R&B songs.

After debuting with the single "Take Back" in December 2000, Koda gained fame in March 2003 when the songs from her seventh single, "Real Emotion/1000 no Kotoba", were used as themes for the video game Final Fantasy X-2. Her popularity grew with the release of her fourth studio album Secret (2005), her sixteenth single "Butterfly" (2005), and her first greatest hits album Best: First Things (2005), reaching the number-three, number-two, and number-one spots respectively.

Though her early releases presented a conservative, quiet image, she has become a fashion leader among young women, setting trends such as the ero-kakkoii style. In 2006 and 2007, Oricon named Koda as the top selling artist of the year.
Southridge Mall (Wisconsin)
Southridge Mall  is a regional shopping mall located in the Milwaukee County suburbs of Greendale and Greenfield, Wisconsin. At 1,177,783 square feet (109,420 square metres) it is Wisconsin's second largest mall behind Mayfair Mall in Wauwatosa, tied with Fox River Mall in Appleton. The mall's anchor stores are TJ Maxx, Dick's Sporting Goods, Golf Galaxy, Macy's, JCPenney, and Round 1 Entertainment. There are 2 vacant anchor stores that were once Boston Store and Kohl's. Sears closed in September 2017, Kohl's relocated to a mixed use development on September 29, 2018, and Boston Store closed in Summer 2018 as parent company Bon-Ton went out of business. The former Sears was replaced by Dick's Sporting Goods, Golf Galaxy, Round 1 Entertainment, and TJ Maxx.

Taubman Realty Group
Taubman Realty Group, formerly Taubman Centers, was an American real estate investment trust headquartered in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. The company invests in shopping centers, and is a subsidiary of Simon Property Group since 2020. Simon completed a full buyout of the company in November 2025.
Sylvia Lyons Render
Sylvia Lyons Render (June 8, 1913 – February 3, 1986) was an American academic and curator. Recognized for her expertise in the life and writings of Charles W. Chestnutt, Render was the first African American to earn a doctoral degree from the Vanderbilt Peabody College of Education and the first person to hold the position of manuscript curator in African American history at the Library of Congress.

Charles W. Chesnutt
Charles Waddell Chesnutt (June 20, 1858 – November 15, 1932) was an African American author, essayist, political activist, and lawyer, best known for his novels and short stories exploring complex issues of racial and social identity in the post-Civil War South. Two of his books were adapted as silent films in 1926 and 1927 by the African-American director and producer Oscar Micheaux. Following the Civil Rights Movement during the 20th century, interest in the works of Chesnutt was revived. Several of his books were published in new editions, and he received formal recognition. A commemorative stamp was printed in 2008.

During the early 20th century in Cleveland, Ohio, Chesnutt established what became a highly successful court reporting business, which provided his main income. He became active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, writing articles supporting education as well as legal challenges to discriminatory laws.
Charles Town Classic
The Charles Town Classic is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old and older over a distance of one and one-eighth miles on the dirt held annually in August at Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races in Charles Town, West Virginia.  The event currently carries a purse of $1,000,000.

Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races
Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races is a casino, hotel and Thoroughbred horse racing complex located in Charles Town, West Virginia, 60 miles (97 km) northwest of Washington, D.C. It is owned by Gaming and Leisure Properties and operated by Penn Entertainment.
Keith and Branch Ford Motors Factory and Showroom
Keith and Branch Ford Motors Factory and Showroom, also known as The Old Seed Store, is a historic factory and car dealership building located at Upper Jay, Essex County, New York.  It was built about 1920, and is a three-story, six bay by four bay, stuccoed frame building. It has a nearly flat roof and sits on a poured concrete foundation. It was built to accommodate the partial assembly and local sale of Ford Motor Company's Model T automobiles.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Jay, New York
Jay is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 2,506 at the 2010 census. The town is named after John Jay, governor of New York when the town was formed.

The town is on the northern border of Essex County and is 34 miles (55 km) southwest of Plattsburgh, 93 miles (150 km) south of Montreal, and 135 miles (217 km) north of Albany. Jay is located inside the Adirondack Park.
McAlester Miners
The McAlester Miners were a minor league baseball team based in McAlester, Oklahoma, that existed on-and-off from 1907 to 1926. In 1907, they played in the Oklahoma–Arkansas–Kansas League, in 1908 they played in the Oklahoma–Kansas League, in 1912 they played in the Oklahoma State League, and from 1914 to 1917, in 1922 and in 1926 they played in the Western Association.

Oklahoma–Kansas League
The Oklahoma–Kansas League was a six–team minor league baseball league that existed in 1908. As its name indicates, the Class D level league consisted of teams from Oklahoma and Kansas. The league evolved from the 1907 Oklahoma–Arkansas–Kansas League.
Stegienka
Stegienka [stɛˈɡʲɛnka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stegna, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1793 the area was part of Polish Royal Prussia, in 1793–1919 of Prussia and Germany, in 1920–1939 of the Free City of Danzig, and in 1939–45 of Nazi Germany. It became Polish in 1945. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Stegna
Gmina Stegna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

The gmina seat is Stegna, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Nowy Dwór Gdański and 36 km (22 mi) east of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 169.57 square kilometres (65.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,519.
German Cemetery
The German Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Kolonia, the capital of Pohnpei State in the Federated States of Micronesia. Pohnpei and the other Caroline Islands had become a German protectorate in 1899, after the Spanish–American War, and were administered as part of German New Guinea. This cemetery is a historical reminder of the period of German administration, although it was in deteriorated condition in 1976, accessible only by hiking through a mangrove swamp, with its wrought iron fence and gate in disrepair. Two German governors were buried here.

The cemetery was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1976, when the region was part of the US-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Kolonia
Kolonia is a coastal town and the capital of Pohnpei State in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). It's not to be confused with the far smaller Colonia, the capital of the State of Yap. It was also the former FSM capital before being replaced by Palikir in 1989, located nearby to the southwest in the municipality of Sokehs. It has a population of 6,074.
FEBS Letters
FEBS Letters is a not-for-profit peer-reviewed scientific journal published on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) by Wiley. It covers all aspects of molecular biosciences, including molecular biology and biochemistry. The aim of the journal is to publish primary research in the form of Research Articles, Research Letters, Communications and Hypotheses, as well as secondary research in the form of Review articles. The journal also publishes a News and Views column. The editorial office of FEBS Letters is based in Heidelberg, Germany. The journal income is reinvested in science.

Federation of European Biochemical Societies
The Federation of the European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) is an international scientific society promoting activities in biochemistry, molecular biology and related research areas in Europe and neighbouring regions. It was founded in 1964 and includes over 35,000 members across 39 Constituent Societies.
Cobblestone Farmhouse at 1229 Birdsey Road
Cobblestone Farmhouse at 1229 Birdsey Road is a farmhouse in the town of Junius, New York, in Seneca County, New York. It is significant as a well-preserved example of cobblestone architecture, in a vernacular Greek Revival style. North of the house, there is also a large barn believed to date to the late 19th century. This property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 2008. It is the sixth property listed as a featured property of the week in a program of the National Park Service that began in July, 2008.

Junius, New York
Junius is a town in Seneca County, New York, United States. The population was 1,370 at the 2020 census.

The Town of Junius is in the northwest corner of the county and is east of Geneva, New York.

There is no post office in the Town of Junius. The primary postal district covering much of the area is ZIP Code 14433 for Clyde. Other sections of the town have either a Zip Code of 13165 for Waterloo, ZIP Code 14489 for Lyons or ZIP Code 14532 for Phelps.

Government offices for the town are located in Dublin.
The Fisherman from Heiligensee
The Fisherman from Heiligensee (German: Der Fischer vom Heiligensee) is a 1955 West German romantic comedy film directed by Hans H. König and starring Edith Mill, Lil Dagover and Albert Lieven. It was part of the post-war boom in heimatfilm pictures in Germany.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Max Seefelder. The film was shot on location in Austria and Bavaria and at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. It was made using Agfacolor.

Hans H. König
Hans H. König (19 August 1912 – 13 November 2003) was a German screenwriter and film director. After World War II, he entered the German film industry due to the assistance of his brother Richard König, a film producer. After being employed as assistant director on And the Heavens Above Us in 1947 he then worked as a screenwriter before progressing to film direction. Most of his films were produced by his brother and several featured Richard's wife Edith Mill. After his film career ended Hans turned to novel writing.
Kallada Boat Race
The Kallada Jalotsavam (കല്ലട ജലോത്സവം)is a popular Vallam Kali (boat race) held on the Kallada River at Munroe Thuruthu on 28 days after Onam (28 aam Onam) in Indian state of Kerala.
The boat race is conducted along the straight portion (nettayam) of Kallada River. Famous achievers in various fields are honoured during the event.

The boat race can be conveniently viewed from Munroe Island (Munroethuruthu in vernacular). Munroe Island holds an important place in the tourist map of Kerala. The country boat sightseeing across Munroe Island conducted by the Kollam district tourist promotion council is the best of its kind in the country. Munroe Island can be reached from Kollam railway station by road (28 km), 12 km from Kundara and 24 km from Karunagapally at North. Kollam is 71 km away by road from the Trivandrum airport.

The competitions will be preceded by a colourful sail-past and mass drill by the boats competing in the race.

Kallada River
The Kallada River is the longest river in Kollam District, Kerala, India. The river originates in Madathara, in the Western Ghats, and flows west, reaching the Arabian Sea after traveling a distance of 120 km (75 mi).
Elk Point, Alberta
Elk Point is a town located in Eastern Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 41.

A number of oil related businesses have located in Elk Point.  Agriculture is also important in the Elk Point area.

Elk Point is located on the North Saskatchewan River which was a fur trade route.  Both the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company had posts on the river near Elk Point from 1792 to 1800.  Alberta Culture has built an interpretive centre near the remains of Fort George and Buckingham House.

There is a large carved statue of Peter Fidler (a figure from fur trade days) near Elk Point and a mural of Elk Point history near the town centre.  The Iron Horse Trail, a rail trail, is nearby. Elk Point was the site of a fur trading post in the fur trade days.

Elk Point celebrated its centennial on June 30 and July 1, 2007.

Peter Fidler
Peter Fidler (16 August 1769 – 17 December 1822) was a British surveyor, map-maker, fur trader and explorer who had a long career in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) in what later became Canada. He was born in Bolsover, Derbyshire, England and died at Fort Dauphin in present-day Manitoba. He married Mary (Methwewin) Mackagonne, a Cree woman, and together they had 14 children.
1999 Rose Bowl
The 1999 Rose Bowl was the 85th Rose Bowl game and was played on Friday January 1, 1999, at the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California. It was a college football bowl game at the end of the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season.  Wisconsin defeated UCLA by a score of 38–31. Ron Dayne of Wisconsin was named the Rose Bowl Player of the Game. He tied a modern Rose Bowl record with four touchdowns. This was the first year that the Rose Bowl became part of the Bowl Championship Series, ending a long-standing agreement between the Big Ten and the "West Representative" (PCC/AAWU) and the first year that the game was branded with corporate sponsorship. Unlike the other bowl games, the sponsor was not added to the title of the game, but instead as a presenter, so it became known as The Rose Bowl Game presented by AT&T.

Cade McNown
Cade Brem McNown (born January 12, 1977) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for four seasons. He played college football for the UCLA Bruins, winning the Johnny Unitas Award as a senior. McNown was selected by the Chicago Bears in the first round of the 1999 NFL draft, but his tenure would only last two seasons due to injuries and inconsistent play. He spent his final two seasons as a backup for the Miami Dolphins and San Francisco 49ers. McNown was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2020.