hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catherine of Bosnia, Countess of Cilli
Catherine of Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Katarina Kotromanić, Slovene: Katarina Celjska - Kotromanićka) (fl. 14th century) was a Bosnian noblewoman. She was Countess of Cilli by her marriage to Hermann I, Count of Cilli, and a member of the House of Kotromanić by birth.

Kotromanić dynasty
The House of Kotromanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Котроманић, pl. Kotromanići / Котроманићи) was a late medieval Bosnian noble and later royal dynasty. Rising to power in the middle of the 13th century as bans of Bosnia, with control over little more than the valley of the eponymous river, the Kotromanić rulers expanded their realm through a series of conquests to include nearly all of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, large parts of modern-day Croatia and parts of modern-day Serbia and Montenegro, with Tvrtko I eventually establishing the Kingdom of Bosnia in 1377. The Kotromanić intermarried with several southeastern and central European royal houses. The last sovereign, Stephen Tomašević, ruled briefly as Despot of Serbia in 1459 and as King of Bosnia between 1461 and 1463, before losing both countries to the Ottoman Empire.
Interleukin 12
Interleukin 12  (IL-12) is an interleukin that is naturally produced by dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, helper T cells and human B-lymphoblastoid cells (NC-37) in response to antigenic stimulation. IL-12 belongs to the family of interleukin-12. IL-12 family is unique in comprising the only heterodimeric cytokines, which includes IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35. Despite sharing many structural features and molecular partners, they mediate surprisingly diverse functional effects.

Interleukin 27
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a member of the IL-12 cytokine family. It is a heterodimeric cytokine that is encoded by two distinct genes, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and IL-27p28. IL-27 is expressed by antigen presenting cells and interacts with a specific cell-surface receptor complex known as IL-27 receptor (IL-27R). This receptor consists of two proteins, IL-27Rɑ and gp130. IL-27 induces differentiation of the diverse populations of T cells in the immune system and also upregulates IL-10.
Podomonas
Podomonas is a genus of apusomonads, a group of small zooflagellates that glide on their posterior cilium. The genus was identified in 2010 as an independent lineage from Apusomonas and Amastigomonas, and consequently were described as their own separate taxon, containing many species previously assigned to Amastigomonas.

Amastigomonas
Amastigomonas is a genus of protists belonging to a lineage of biciliated zooflagellates known as Apusomonadida. It was first described in 1931 by Henri de Saedeleer. The current use of Amastigomonas is as a descriptive archetype, with no phylogenetic or taxonomic implications. The term "Amastigomonas-like" is used to refer to all apusomonads that lack the 'derived' characteristics of Apusomonas.
Springfield Gardens, Queens
Springfield Gardens is a neighborhood in the southeastern area of the New York City borough of Queens, bounded to the north by St. Albans, to the east by Laurelton and Rosedale, to the south by John F. Kennedy International Airport, and to the west by Farmers Boulevard. The neighborhood is served by Queens Community Board 12. The area, particularly east of Springfield Boulevard, is sometimes also referred to as Brookville.

Laurelton, Queens
Laurelton is a largely middle-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens and part of the former town of Jamaica. Merrick Boulevard, which bisects the community in a generally east–west direction, forms its commercial spine. It is bounded by Springfield Boulevard to the west, 121st Avenue to the north, Laurelton Parkway to the east, and Conduit Avenue to the south.

Laurelton is located in Queens Community District 13; its ZIP Codes are 11413 and 11422. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 105th Precinct.
Camp Gaston
Camp Gaston, sometimes called Fort Gaston is a former U.S. Army camp, that was located 3 miles west of the old original course of the Colorado River south of modern Palo Verde, California, in Imperial County, California, near Milpitas Wash Road.  It was 80 miles (130 km) up river from Fort Yuma, and was active between 1859 and 1867.

Camp Gaston on the Colorado River is not to be confused with the Fort Gaston, located in the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation on the Trinity River in Northern California from 1859 to 1892.  The northern Fort Gaston was for a short time officially designated as Camp Gaston from 1866 to early 1867 before being re-designated as Fort Gaston.

Mohave War
The Mohave War was an armed conflict between the Mohave people and the United States from 1858 to 1859. With the California Gold Rush of 1849, thousands of American settlers headed west through Mohave country and into California. The influx of migrants passing through, combined with simple misunderstandings, led to conflict. Fort Mohave on the Arizona side of the Colorado River was built for operations against the Mohave and was the second American military post established on the river after Fort Yuma. Eventually advantages in weaponry and tactics brought the Mohave and their allies to surrender. After the signing of a peace treaty in 1859, the Mohave no longer opposed the United States through warfare. The peace also ended a long guerrilla war between the Mohave and the Maricopa of south central Arizona.
Matchgirls' strike
In July 1888 the women and teenage girls working at the Bryant & May match factory in Bow, London, England went on strike. At first, the strikers were protesting the dismissal of a worker after employees had refused a demand from  Bryant & May management to repudiate an article on terrible working conditions at the factory. When management promised to rehire the fired worker, the strikers continued the industrial action to bargain for a cessation of unfair deductions from pay and for other improvements to working conditions. With the help of social activist Annie Besant, they succeeded.

Following the strike's success, the Union of Women Matchmakers (later the Matchmakers' Union) was formed later in 1888. From its creation, it was the largest union of women and girls in the country, and inspired a wave of collective organising among industrial workers.

Phossy jaw
Phossy jaw, formally known as phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, was an occupational disease affecting those who worked with white phosphorus (also known as yellow phosphorus) without proper safeguards. It was most commonly seen in workers in the matchstick industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was caused by white phosphorus vapor, which destroys the bones of the jaw. Modern occupational hygiene practices have since eliminated the working conditions that caused this disease.
2nd Battalion, 24th Marines
2nd Battalion, 24th Marines (2/24) is a reserve infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based out of Chicago, Illinois, consisting of approximately 1000 Marines and Sailors.  The battalion falls under the 23rd Marine Regiment and the 4th Marine Division.

23d Marine Regiment (United States)
The 23d Marine Regiment (23d Marines) is a reserve infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps.  It is headquartered in San Bruno, California and falls under the command of the 4th Marine Division and the Marine Forces Reserve.

The regiment comprises twenty units which are geographically dispersed throughout eight states from California to Alabama.  The regiment consists of Marine reservists, active duty Marines and active duty Navy personnel.  The regimental headquarters is located in San Bruno, California.
Coffee production in Vietnam
Coffee production has been a major source of income for Vietnam since the early 20th century. First introduced by the French in 1857, the Vietnamese coffee industry developed through the plantation system, becoming a major economic force in the country. After an interruption during and immediately following the Vietnam War, production rose once again after Đổi mới economic reforms, making coffee second only to rice in value of agricultural products exported from Vietnam.

Coffea canephora
Coffea canephora (especially C. canephora var. robusta, syn. Coffea robusta, or commonly robusta coffee) is a species of coffee plant that has its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa. It is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. Though widely known as Coffea robusta, the plant is scientifically identified as Coffea canephora, which has two main varieties, robusta and nganda.

Coffea canephora represents between 40% and 45% of global coffee production, with Coffea arabica constituting most of the remainder. There are several differences between the composition of coffee beans from C. arabica and C. canephora. Beans from C. canephora tend to have lower acidity, more bitterness, and a more woody and less fruity flavor compared to C. arabica beans. Most of it is used for instant coffee.
Renegade X
Renegade X is a tactical first and third-person shooter video game with real-time strategy elements. It is a free, remake of Command & Conquer: Renegade, which itself was a spin-off of the strategy series Command & Conquer published by Westwood Studios and later by Electronic Arts (EA). The developers entered open beta on February 26, 2014.

Command & Conquer
Command & Conquer (C&C) is a real-time strategy (RTS) video game franchise created and originally developed by Westwood Studios and currently owned by Electronic Arts. The first game was one of the earliest of the RTS genre, itself based on Westwood Studios' influential strategy game Dune II and introducing trademarks followed in the rest of the series. This includes full-motion video cutscenes with an ensemble cast to progress the story, as opposed to digitally in-game rendered cutscenes. Westwood Studios was purchased by Electronic Arts in 1998 and closed down in 2003. The studio and some of its members were absorbed into EA Los Angeles, which continued development on the series.
Manufacturing Commercial Vehicles
Manufacturing Commercial Vehicles (MCV) is an Egyptian manufacturer for buses and trucks. The manufacturing plant is located in El Salheya El Gedida ("New Salheya"), with the head office in Obour City, near Cairo. The manufacturer owns the trademark rights of the brands ECHOLINE, eVolution and MCV. Some models are assembled under the dual brand name Mercedes-Benz MCV.

MCV Evolution
The MCV Evolution (stylised as eVolution; internal designation: MCV C102) is a low floor and low entry single-decker bus body built by Manufacturing Commercial Vehicles. It was unveiled in 2003 as the successor to the MCV Stirling. The MCV Evolution 2 (internal designation: MCV C124RLE) was launched, initially on Mercedes-Benz chassis in 2011.
Kerttu Nuorteva
Kerttu Nuorteva (November 10, 1912 in Astoria, Oregon, United States – August 29, 1963 in Karaganda, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union) was a Soviet intelligence agent. She was the  daughter of Santeri Nuorteva, the president of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and was parachuted into Finland by the Soviet Airborne Troops in 1942. She was arrested and deported to the Soviet Union at the end of the war.

Santeri Nuorteva
Santeri "Santtu" Nuorteva (born Alexander Nyberg; 29 June 1881 – 31 March 1929) was a Finnish-born Soviet  journalist and one of the first members of the Finnish Parliament, where he served as a member of the Social Democratic Party from 1907 to 1908 and 1909 to 1910. Nuorteva emigrated to the United States in 1911 and played a leading role in the sizable Finnish-language socialist movement in America. At various times, he edited the magazines Säkeniä ("The Spark") and the newspapers Toveri ("The Comrade") and Raivaaja ("The Pioneer"). He was the official spokesman in America for the Finnish Socialist Revolutionary government of 1918 and, after its overthrow, was influential in the official affairs of the government of Soviet Russia in the United States. In 1920, he was deported to Soviet Russia.

His daughter was the famous Finnish-Soviet spy Kerttu Nuorteva.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Osimo and Cingoli
The Diocese of Osimo e Cingoli was a Roman Catholic diocese in Italy.

It was founded in 1725 from a merger of the Diocese of Osimo and the Diocese of Cingoli.  In 1986 it merged with the Diocese of Macerata-Tolentino, the Diocese of Recanati and the Diocese of San Severino to form the Diocese of Macerata-Tolentino-Recanati-Cingoli-Treia.

It was contained within the Papal States.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Osimo
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Osimo was an ancient diocese in Italy. It was founded in the seventh century and in 1725 merged with the Diocese of Cingoli to form the Diocese of Osimo e Cingoli. It was contained within the Papal States.
Not Your Business
Not Your Business E.P. is an extended play by German digital hardcore group Atari Teenage Riot, initially released exclusively on 12" vinyl format in November 1996. The title track would later be included on the band's 1997 album The Future of War. In April 1997, the EP was placed at #48 on CMJ's Alternative Radio Airplay charts.

The title track would later appear on the compilations Burn, Berlin, Burn! and Redefine the Enemy - Rarities and B-Side Compilation 1992-1999. It was also included in the set list for the live album Live in Philadelphia Dec. 1997. All of the tracks that appear on this EP were previously released on the band's album Delete Yourself!

Live in Philadelphia Dec. 1997
Live in Philadelphia Dec. 1997 is a live album by Atari Teenage Riot. The CD version was distributed with certain pressings of 60 Second Wipeout. The album was recorded at the Beyond Nightclub in Philadelphia on December 21, 1997.
Behrend's trace formula
In algebraic geometry, Behrend's trace formula is a generalization of the Grothendieck–Lefschetz trace formula to a smooth algebraic stack over a finite field conjectured in 1993  and proven in 2003  by Kai Behrend. Unlike the classical one, the formula counts points in the "stacky way"; it takes into account the presence of nontrivial automorphisms.

The desire for the formula comes from the fact that it applies to the moduli stack of principal bundles on a curve over a finite field (in some instances indirectly, via the Harder–Narasimhan stratification, as the moduli stack is not of finite type.) See the moduli stack of principal bundles and references therein for the precise formulation in this case.

Pierre Deligne found an example that shows the formula may be interpreted as a sort of the Selberg trace formula.

A proof of the formula in the context of the six operations formalism developed by Yves Laszlo and Martin Olsson is given by Shenghao Sun.

Moduli stack of principal bundles
In algebraic geometry, given a smooth projective curve X over a finite field  and a smooth affine group scheme G over it, the moduli stack of principal bundles over X, denoted by , is an algebraic stack given by: for any -algebra R,

the category of principal G-bundles over the relative curve .

In particular, the category of -points of , that is, , is the category of G-bundles over X.

Similarly,  can also be defined when the curve X is over the field of complex numbers. Roughly, in the complex case, one can define  as the quotient stack of the space of holomorphic connections on X by the gauge group. Replacing the quotient stack (which is not a topological space) by a homotopy quotient (which is a topological space) gives the homotopy type of .

In the finite field case, it is not common to define the homotopy type of . But one can still define a (smooth) cohomology and homology of .
The Prisoner's Dilemma (play)
The Prisoner's Dilemma is a theatrical drama written by David Edgar. It refers to the game theory problem of the same name and portrays its outworking in an Eastern European, post-Cold War setting. The play premiered in The Other Place Theatre by the Royal Shakespeare Company in July 2001 and forms part of a trilogy with The Shape of the Table and Pentecost.

Cast for the premiere included: Trevor Cooper (as Nikolai/Kolya),
Larry Lamb (as Tom),
Joseph Mydell (as Patterson),
Robert Jezek (as Hasim),
Alan David (as Erik),
Zoe Waites (as Kelima),
Penny Downie (as Gina),
Diana Kent (as Floss),
David Wilmot (as James),
Douglas Rao (as Al),
Robert Bowman (as Roman) and was directed by Michael Attenborough, with design by Es Devlin

The Shape of the Table
The Shape of the Table is a theatrical drama written by David Edgar. It was first staged at the National Theatre, London, UK on 8 November 1990 - the first anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall - in a production directed by Jenny Killick.
The Glen, Scottish Borders
The Glen, also known as Glen House, is an estate and country house in the parish of Traquair, southern Scotland. It is located in the glen of the Quair Water, around 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Innerleithen, and 6 miles (9.7 km) south-east of Peebles, in the Scottish Borders. The estate is recorded from the 13th century, however the present Glen House was built in the mid-19th century. The house is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens. Besides the house, the Temple, stables, and the "Lion Gate" are also category A listed.

Traquair
Traquair (Scottish Gaelic: Cille Bhrìghde) is a small village and civil parish in the Scottish Borders; until 1975 it was in the county of Peeblesshire. The village is situated on the B709 road 2.0 miles (3.2 km) south of Innerleithen at grid reference NT330346.
Piano Trio No. 3 (Schumann)
Robert Schumann's Piano Trio No. 3, Op. 110, in G minor was written in 1851.  It has four movements:

The work was written in Düsseldorf, and first rehearsed there in mid-November 1851. It was first performed publicly in Leipzig in 1852 and dedicated to Niels Gade.  It was not given its first Carnegie Hall performance in New York City until 1958, by the Trio di Bolzano.

This year 1851 was a busy one for Schumann, in which he also revised his 1841 symphony in D minor, and wrote his Violin Sonatas #1 & #2, a number of songs and choral works including Der Rose Pilgerfahrt, and also composed his overtures Julius Caesar and Hermann und Dorothea.

Julius Caesar (overture)
The Julius Caesar overture, Op. 128, is a concert overture written in 1851 by Robert Schumann, inspired by Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar and influenced by the Egmont and Coriolan overtures of Ludwig van Beethoven.
Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)
Strikeforce was an American mixed martial arts and kickboxing organization based in San Jose, California, that operated from 1985 to 2013. It was headed by CEO Scott Coker.

Its live events and competitions have been shown on CBS, debuting on November 7, 2009, and Showtime in the United States. Internationally, Strikeforce events have been broadcast Super Channel in Canada, Primetime in the United Kingdom, SKY PerfecTV! in Japan, HBO Plus in Brazil, Space in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on the American Forces Network.

In early 2011, Strikeforce was purchased by American Ultimate Fighting Championship owner Zuffa LLC, which eventually closed the promotion and brought the remaining fighter contracts into the UFC roster.

Scott Coker
Scott Coker (born October 3, 1962) is an American mixed martial artist, Taekwondoin, former movie stuntman, and combat sports promoter. He is the founder and former CEO of MMA promotion Strikeforce, former president of Bellator MMA, and founder of Fight Night at the Tech.
Drivin' My Life Away
"Drivin' My Life Away" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in June 1980 as the first single from the album Horizon.  The song was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy.

Black Dog (1998 film)
Black Dog is a 1998 American action thriller film directed by Kevin Hooks and starring Patrick Swayze. The film tells the story of a trucker and ex-con who is manipulated into transporting illegal arms. The film co-stars popular American singers Randy Travis and Meat Loaf.
Gjermund Bråten
Gjermund Bråten (born 23 October 1990, in Drammen) is a Norwegian snowboarder who competes in slopestyle and big air.

Bråten qualified for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. On February 6, 2014 in the qualification event Bråten finished the fourth in his heat and thereby qualified directly to the final. In the final, he was ranked twelfth.

His best World Cup result in slopestyle before the 2014 Olympics was the seventh-place finish in Sierra Nevada on March 26, 2013. Before 2011, Bråten also achieved three World Cup podium finishes (one second place and two third places) in big air.

His brother Øystein Bråten represented Norway at the 2014 Winter Olympics in freestyle skiing, also in slopestyle.

Øystein Bråten
Øystein Bråten (born 21 July 1995) is a Norwegian freestyle skier. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, where he placed tenth in slopestyle. Bråten again competed in slopestyle at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, in which he won a gold medal.

He is a brother of snowboarder Gjermund Bråten.
Sash Becvinovski
Sash Becvinovski (born 15 April 1972) is an Australian former soccer player and coach. He played as a striker and is the all-time top scorer in the Victorian Premier League, winning the league's Golden Boot as top scorer on four occasions (1991, 1992, 1998, 2006).

Becvinovski also had a notable coaching career at senior and state league level in Victoria.

Green Gully SC
Green Gully Soccer Club is an Australian association football club based in Melbourne, Victoria. Green Gully is one of the largest clubs in Melbourne, having participated in the now defunct National Soccer League between 1984 and 1986. The club currently competes in the National Premier Leagues Victoria, with matches played at Green Gully Reserve in Keilor Downs, Victoria. Green Gully have won the Victorian state league title nine times, second only to South Melbourne FC with ten. 
It is one of seven state league teams to eliminate an A-League team in the FFA Cup, alongside Blacktown City FC, Heidelberg United FC, Redlands United FC, Adelaide City FC, Bentleigh Greens SC and APIA Leichhardt FC.
Paavo Lipponen
Paavo Tapio Lipponen (pronounced [ˈpɑːʋo ˈlipːonen] ⓘ; born 23 April 1941) is a Finnish politician and former reporter. He was prime minister of Finland from 1995 to 2003, and chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1993 to 2005. He also served as speaker of the Parliament of Finland from 2003 to 2007 and was his party's nominee in the 2012 Finnish presidential election but received only 6.7% of the votes, making it the biggest defeat the Social Democratic Party had ever received in Finnish presidential elections at the time. Lipponen is currently the oldest living former prime minister of Finland.

Prime Minister of Finland
The prime minister of Finland (Finnish: Suomen pääministeri, literally "head minister"; Swedish: Finlands statsminister, literally "state minister") is the leader of the  Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol after the president of Finland and the speaker of the Parliament but is in practice the most powerful office-holder. Finland's first prime minister, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (also later the 3rd president of Finland), was appointed on 27 November 1917, just a few days before the country declared its independence.

The incumbent prime minister is Petteri Orpo of the National Coalition Party. Orpo was sworn in on 20 June 2023.