hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hammond Witherley
Hammond Witherley (1655 – 7 October 1717) was an English choral singer.

The son of Sir Thomas Witherley MD of the City of London, the young Witherley was educated at Holt School in Norfolk and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated BA in 1774.

On 23 January 1690, at St Augustine the Less, Bristol, Witherley married Elizabeth Throckmorton.

A singer at the Chapel Royal, a report of his funeral on 9 October 1717 notes that he was carried from his house in Queen Square, Westminster, and "interred in great state" in Westminster Abbey, with Dr Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester and Dean of Westminster, leading the funeral service.

Witherley and his wife had no children. She survived him until February 1732. Dying at the age of eighty, she left land in Gloucestershire to a niece.

Thomas Witherley
Sir Thomas Witherley MD (1618–1694) was Physician in Ordinary to King Charles II, Second Physician to King James II, and President of the Royal College of Physicians from 1684 to 1687.

In 1688, Witherley was present at the birth of James Francis Edward Stuart.

In his earlier life, before his medical training, he had been a schoolmaster.
United States Secretary of Homeland Security
The United States secretary of homeland security is the head of the United States Department of Homeland Security, the federal department tasked with ensuring public safety in the United States. The secretary is a member of the Cabinet of the United States. The position was created by the Homeland Security Act following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.

The new department consisted primarily of components transferred from other Cabinet departments because of their role in homeland security, such as the Coast Guard, the Federal Protective Service, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (which includes the United States Border Patrol), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (which includes Homeland Security Investigations), the United States Secret Service, the Transportation Security Administration and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

The current secretary of homeland security since January 25, 2025 is Kristi Noem.

Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management
The under secretary of homeland security for management is a high level civilian official in the United States Department of Homeland Security. The under secretary, as head of the Management Directorate at DHS, is the principal staff assistant and adviser to both the secretary of homeland security and the deputy secretary of homeland security for all aspects of DHS administration, finance, and personnel issues.

The under secretary is appointed from civilian life by the president with the consent of the Senate to serve at the pleasure of the president. Benjamine Huffman is the current acting under secretary for management.
Toby Love
Toby Love (born Octavio Rivera; March 20, 1985) is an American singer. Based on The Bronx, New York, he is best known for being a former member of Aventura before pursuing a solo career, mostly known for their 2002 album We Broke the Rules, later performing a style of bachata music that combines traditional and urban singing and production. In 2006, he embarked on a solo career, thus gaining success. His debut single, "Tengo Un Amor", helped him rise to fame in mainstream Latin music. Since then, he became one of the most successful bachata artists of the 2000s and 2010s with hits like "Llorar Lloviendo", "Te Parece Poco", "Lejos", "Vestida De Blanco", among others.

Tito el Bambino
Efraín David Fines Nevares (born October 5, 1981), known professionally as Tito El Bambino, is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter who rose to fame as part of the duo Héctor & Tito. In 2010, his song "El Amor", written with Joan Ortiz Espada, was awarded Latin Song of the Year by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). He was awarded Songwriter of the Year at the 2011 ASCAP.
798 Ruth
798 Ruth is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered by the German astronomer Max Wolf on 21 November 1914. It may have been named after the biblical character Ruth. This main belt asteroid has an orbital period of 5.23 years and is orbiting at a distance of 3.0 AU from the Sun with an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.036. The orbital plane is tilted by 9.2° from the plane of the ecliptic.

This is a member of the dynamic Eos family of asteroids that most likely formed as the result of a collisional breakup of a parent body. It is an M-type (metallic) asteroid that displays a significant component of the mineral olivine in its spectrum. 798 Ruth spans 43.19±2.9 km and rotates on its axis once every 8.55 h.

Eos family
The Eos family (adj. Eoan /iːˈoʊən/; FIN: 606) is a very large asteroid family located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. This family of K-type asteroids is believed to have formed as a result of an ancient catastrophic collision. The family's parent body is the asteroid 221 Eos.
Langbaurgh, North Yorkshire
Langbaurgh is a hamlet in the civil parish of Great Ayton in North Yorkshire, England. The place gave its name to the Langbaurgh Wapentake.

Langbaurgh Hall is a Grade II listed building, dating from 1830.

North of the hamlet is the Langbaurgh Ridge, part of the Cleveland Dyke, where stone was quarried to make setts for road construction.

Great Ayton
Great Ayton is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. The River Leven (a tributary of the River Tees) flows through the village, which lies just north of the North York Moors. According to the 2021 Census, the parish has a population of 4,346.
New Haven, West Virginia
New Haven is a town in Mason County, West Virginia, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 1,485 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Point Pleasant, WV–OH Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town was named after New Haven, Connecticut, the native home of the local mine proprietors.

Mason County, West Virginia
Mason County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,453. Its county seat and largest city is Point Pleasant. The county was founded in 1804 and named for George Mason, delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. Before the Civil War, the county was in the State of Virginia.

Mason County is part of the Point Pleasant, WV-OH Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Saltwater Lagoon
Saltwater Lagoon (Māori: Pouerua-hāpua) is a lagoon on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island.

It is in the southern Westland District, with Abut Head to the west and the village of Harihari to the east/southeast. The lagoon is located on the coast of the Tasman Sea and has a narrow sea opening at the western end that lets in saltwater. No rivers feed into the lagoon, but the Hinatua River passes very close to the lagoon's eastern shore.

Hinatua River
The Hinatua River is a small river in the Westland District of New Zealand's South Island.  Its headwaters are on Mount Hercules, near State Highway 6 as it runs between Harihari and Te Taho. The Hinatua River then flows in a general northerly direction, passing just to the east of the Saltwater Lagoon before flowing close to the Tasman Sea coastline before joining the Poerua River at its rivermouth.
Ørjan Berg
Ørjan Berg (born 20 August 1968) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the current sporting director of Bodø/Glimt.

Berg retired at the end of the 2006 season, having played for Bodø/Glimt, Wettingen, TSV 1860 Munich, Basel and Rosenborg. He is the brother of Bodø/Glimt player Runar Berg and the son of midfielder and playmaker Harald Berg. He is also the father of Patrick Berg, also a Bodø/Glimt player and the last years frequently seen playing for Norway national football team, following in his father's footsteps.

Kniksen Award
The Kniksen Award (Norwegian: Kniksenprisen), established in 1990, honors the best players in the Norwegian football premiership. The award is named after the legendary Norwegian football player Roald Jensen, nicknamed "Kniksen".
Jones AT&T Stadium
Jones AT&T Stadium (commonly referred to as "The Jones") is an outdoor athletic stadium on the campus of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. Built in the style of Spanish Renaissance architecture, it is the home field of the Texas Tech Red Raiders of the Big 12 Conference.

Texas Tech Red Raiders football
The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "TTU"). The Red Raiders competes as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 12 conference titles and one conference division title. On November 8, 2021, Joey McGuire was hired as the team's 17th head football coach, replacing Matt Wells, who was fired in the middle of the 2021 season. Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.
Noerr–Pennington doctrine
Under the Noerr–Pennington doctrine, private entities are immune from liability under the antitrust laws for attempts to influence the passage or enforcement of laws, even if the laws they advocate for would have anticompetitive effects. The doctrine is grounded in the First Amendment protection of political speech, and "upon a recognition that the antitrust laws, 'tailored as they are for the business world, are not at all appropriate for application in the political arena.'"

California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited, 404 U.S. 508 (1972), is a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court involving the right to make petitions to the government. The right to petition is enshrined in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution as: "Congress shall make no law...abridging...the right of the people...to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." This case involved an accusation that one group of companies was using state and federal regulatory actions to eliminate competitors. The Supreme Court ruled that the right to petition is integral to the legal system but using lawful means to achieve unlawful restraint of trade is not protected.
Benzoxazole
Benzoxazole is an aromatic organic compound with a molecular formula C7H5NO, a benzene-fused oxazole ring structure, and an odor similar to pyridine. Although benzoxazole itself is of little practical value, many derivatives of benzoxazoles are commercially important.

Being a heterocyclic compound, benzoxazole finds use in research as a starting material for the synthesis of larger, usually bioactive structures. Its aromaticity makes it relatively stable, although as a heterocycle, it has reactive sites which allow for functionalization.

Oxazole
Oxazole is the parent compound for a vast class of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds.  These are azoles with an oxygen and a nitrogen separated by one carbon.  Oxazoles are aromatic compounds but less so than the thiazoles. Oxazole is a weak base; its conjugate acid has a pKa of 0.8, compared to 7 for imidazole.
Aningeria pierrei
Aningeria pierrei is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is a tree native to the tropical forests of west and west-central Africa, from Guinea Bissau to the western Central African Republic. It is commonly known as aningré blanc, and is a source of the timber known as anigre.

Aningeria pierrei is a large, deciduous tree, which grows up to 40 meters tall and with a trunk up to 150 cm in diameter. In Ghana it grows in semi-deciduous rain forest. In Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon it is most abundant in the transition between semi-deciduous forest and humid evergreen forest.

Aningeria pierrei is heavily exploited for timber across parts of its range, particularly near densely populated areas. It is threatened by habitat loss from deforestation, slash-and-burn agriculture, and urbanization. It is also susceptible to fire.

Anigre
Anigre is an African hardwood commonly used for plywood, interior furniture, cabinetry, and high-end millwork applications. It is frequently sliced and sold as veneer, although it is available in board form as well. In board form it is used for boat building, general carpentry, and other light construction uses.
Prunus × dasycarpa
Prunus × dasycarpa, called purple apricot and black apricot (Chinese: zi xing), is a species of tree. It is in the genus Prunus in the rose family, Rosaceae. The species was named by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart in 1791. The buds are reddish-orange, and the flower blossoms are white. It is likely a hybrid of P. armeniaca × P. cerasifera (i.e., an apricot–cherry plum cross). There is disagreement about whether this is a human-cultivated cross or a naturally occurring cross from Western Asia.

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca is the most commonly cultivated apricot species. The native range is somewhat uncertain due to its extensive prehistoric cultivation. Genetic studies indicate Central Asia is the center of origin. It is extensively cultivated in many countries and has escaped into the wild in many places. The specific epithet armeniaca refers to the country of Armenia in Western Asia.
Surfboard wax
Surfboard wax (also known as surfwax) is a formulation of natural and/or synthetic wax for application to the deck of a surfboard, bodyboard, or skimboard, to keep the surfer from slipping off the board when paddling out or riding a wave.  It is also used to increase grip on the paddle of a surf kayak or dragon boat.

Surfboard wax is generally composed of a mixture of paraffin, beeswax or other hard waxes; petroleum jelly can also be added to create a softer wax. Often scents like coconut or bubblegum are added. There are natural alternatives which contain only organic substances like beeswax, vegetable oils (such as coconut or hemp oil), pine resin, tree pulp and natural essential oils. There are surfboard wax formulations designed for various climates and water temperatures.

Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic solids that are  malleable near ambient temperatures.  They include higher alkanes and lipids, typically with melting points above about 40 °C (104 °F), melting to give low viscosity liquids. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as hexane, benzene and chloroform.  Natural waxes of various types are produced by plants and animals and occur in petroleum.
Alice Cleaver
Alice Catherine Cleaver (1889–1984) was a survivor of the RMS Titanic and nursemaid for the Allison family, wealthy insurance moguls from Canada during the early 20th century. She is best known for rescuing the youngest Allison child, Hudson Trevor, from the Titanic. Little is known about her later life, as she refused to give interviews after surviving the disaster. She was the subject of books and movies that misidentified her as Alice Mary Cleaver, a woman who was infamous for murdering her own infant.

Allison family
The Allison family was a Canadian family of first-class passengers on board the RMS Titanic, which sank on her maiden voyage.

The family consisted of Hudson Joshua Creighton Allison (9 December 1881 – 15 April 1912); his wife, Bess Waldo Allison (née Daniels; 14 November 1886 – 15 April 1912); their daughter, Helen Loraine Allison (5 June 1909 – 15 April 1912); and son, Hudson Trevor Allison (7 May 1911 – 7 August 1929). Of the family, only Trevor survived.
Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art
The Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art is a legislative act unanimously passed by the Council of the Cherokee Nation on January 14, 2008, and signed into law a week later on January 21, 2008. A truth-in-advertising law, the act requires vendors who market themselves as American Indians on Cherokee Nation property to provide proof of citizenship in a federally recognized American Indian tribe or face expulsion.

Cherokee descent
Individuals with some degree of documented Cherokee descent who do not meet the criteria for Cherokee tribal citizenship may describe themselves as "being of Cherokee descent" or as "being a Cherokee descendant". These terms are also used by non-Native individuals whose ancestry has not been independently verified.

According to Gregory D. Smithers, a large number of Americans describe themselves in this way: "In 2000, the federal census reported that 729,533 Americans self-identified as Cherokee. By 2010, that number increased, with the Census Bureau reporting that 819,105 Americans claimed at least one Cherokee ancestor." By contrast, as of 2012 there were only 330,716 enrolled Cherokee citizens (Cherokee Nation: 288,749; United Keetoowah Band: 14,300; Eastern Band: 14,667).
Listed buildings in Moulton, North Yorkshire
Moulton is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It contains eleven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, two are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Moulton and the surrounding countryside. Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, and the others include a farmhouse, farm buildings, and two former chapels converted for other uses.

Moulton, North Yorkshire
Moulton is a small village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in a secluded valley between the villages of Scorton and Middleton Tyas.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Olbia pedestal
The Olbia pedestal is a Punic language inscription from the [third] century BCE, found 1911 at Olbia in Sardinia.

It was first assessed by Italian orientalist Ignazio Guidi.

It was first published by Jean-Joseph-Léandre Bargès, and is known as KAI 68 and R 1216.

It was originally held in the Sassari Archeological Museum, but today is held on display at the Museo Archeologico di Olbia.

Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften
Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (in English, Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions), or KAI, is the standard source for the original text of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions not contained in the Hebrew Bible.

It was first published from 1960 to 1964 in three volumes by the German orientalists Herbert Donner and Wolfgang Röllig, and has been updated in numerous subsequent editions.

The work attempted to "integrate philology, palaeography and cultural history" in the commented re-editing of a selection of Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions, using the "pertinent source material for the Phoenician, Punic, Moabite, pre-exile-Hebrew and Ancient Aramaic cultures." Röllig and Donner had the support of William F. Albright in Baltimore, James Germain Février in Paris and Giorgio Levi Della Vida in Rome during the compilation of the first edition.
Eastern Region of British Railways
The Eastern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948, whose operating area could be identified from the dark blue signs and colour schemes that adorned its station and other railway buildings. Together with the North Eastern Region (with which it amalgamated in 1967), it covered most lines of the former London and North Eastern Railway, except in Scotland. By 1988 the Eastern Region had been divided again into the Eastern Region and the new Anglia Region, with the boundary points being between Peterborough and Whittlesea, and between Royston and Meldreth. The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s and was wound up at the end of 1992.

London Midland Region of British Railways
The London Midland Region (LMR) was one of the six regions created on the formation of the nationalised British Railways (BR), and initially consisted of ex-London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) lines in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The region was managed first from buildings adjacent to Euston station, and later from Stanier House in Birmingham. It existed from the creation of BR in 1948, ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s, and was wound up at the end of 1992.
AirBridgeCargo
AirBridgeCargo Airlines, LLC (Russian: ООО Авиакомпания «ЭйрБриджКарго»), part of Volga-Dnepr Group, was the largest Russian cargo airline, with its head office in Moscow. It operated scheduled cargo services on routes between Russia, Asia, Europe and North America, covering more than 30 destinations worldwide.  All flights connected to their hub at Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow and Krasnoyarsk. It was forced to suspend all operations in the wake of sanctions against Russia as of March 2022.

Volga-Dnepr Group
Volga-Dnepr Group is a Russian airline holding company headquartered in Moscow. It is a world leader in the global market for the movement of oversize, unique and heavy air cargo. The group’s core business activities are charter cargo operations using Antonov An-124 and IL-76TD-90VD heavy transporters and scheduled cargo operations using Boeing 747 and Boeing 737 freighters.

In January 2026, it was announced that the Volga-Dnepr Group had been acquired by Evraz Avia Service LLC, a newly established company owned by former aviation executive Evgeny Solodilin. Under the transaction, Evraz Avia Service obtained full control of AirBridgeCargo and Volga-Dnepr-Moscow and a majority stake in Atran, although the ownership structure remains subject to share pledges in favour of former owners, who continue to hold management positions.
Manila paper
Manila paper (Spanish: 'Papel de Manila') is a relatively inexpensive type of paper, generally made through a less-refined process than other types of paper, and is typically made from semi-bleached wood fibers.

The manila component of the name originates from manila hemp (a.k.a. abacá leaves), which was named after Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Beginning in the 1840s, recycled abacá rope fibers were the main material for manila paper.

Before the end of the 20th century, papermakers replaced the abacá fibers with wood pulp, which cost less to source and process. Despite the change in production material, "the name and color remain."

Since at least 1915, manila paper has been shaped to create manila file folders and manila envelopes.

Buff (colour)
Buff (Latin: bubalinus) is a light brownish yellow, ochreous colour, typical of buff leather. Buff is a mixture of yellow ochre and white: two parts of white lead and one part of yellow ochre produces a good buff, or white lead may be tinted with French ochre alone.

As an RYB quaternary colour, it is the colour produced by an equal mix of the tertiary colours citron and russet. The hex RGB color value of the Buff swatch as an RYB quaternary colour is E0AB76.
Handley Page Hampden
The Handley Page HP.52 Hampden is a British twin-engine medium bomber that was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was part of the trio of large twin-engine bombers procured for the RAF, joining the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley and Vickers Wellington.  The Hampden was powered by Bristol Pegasus radial engines but a variant known as the Handley Page Hereford had in-line Napier Daggers.

The Hampden served in the early stages of the Second World War, bearing the brunt of the early bombing war over Europe, taking part in the first night raid on Berlin and the first 1,000-bomber raid on Cologne. When it became obsolete, after a period of mainly operating at night, it was retired from RAF Bomber Command service in late 1942. By 1943, the rest of the trio were being superseded by the larger four-engined heavy bombers such as the Avro Lancaster.

No. 144 Squadron RAF
No. 144 Squadron RAF was a squadron of the British Royal Air Force. It was first formed in 1918 during the First World War, operating as a bomber squadron in the Middle East. It reformed in 1937, serving in the bomber and anti-shipping roles during the Second World War. A third incarnation saw the squadron serving as a strategic missile squadron during the late 1950s and early 1960s.