hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mevastatin
Mevastatin (compactin, ML-236B) is a hypolipidemic agent that belongs to the statins class.

It was isolated from the mold Penicillium citrinum by Akira Endo in the 1970s, and he identified it as a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, i.e., a statin. Mevastatin might be considered the first statin drug; clinical trials on mevastatin were performed in the late 1970s in Japan, but it was never marketed. The first statin drug available to the general public was lovastatin.

Mevastatin has since been derivatized to the compound pravastatin, which is a pharmaceutical used in the lowering of cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease.

In vitro, it has antiproliferative properties.

A British group isolated the same compound from Penicillium brevicompactum, named it compactin, and published their results in 1976. The British group mentions antifungal properties with no mention of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition.

High doses inhibit growth and proliferation of melanoma cells.

Penicillium citrinum
Penicillium citrinum is an anamorph, mesophilic fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which produces tanzawaic acid A-D, ACC, Mevastatin, Quinocitrinine A, Quinocitrinine B, and nephrotoxic citrinin. Penicillium citrinum is often found on moldy citrus fruits and occasionally it occurs in tropical spices and cereals. This Penicillium species also causes mortality for the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus.
Because of its mesophilic character, Penicillium citrinum occurs worldwide. The first statin (Mevastatin) was 1970 isolated from this species.
Awn Alsharif Qasim
Awn Al-Sharif Qasim (Arabic: عون الشريف قاسم) (June 16, 1933 – January 19, 2006) was a prolific Sudanese writer, encyclopedist, scholar, community leader, and one of Sudan's leading experts on Arabic language and literature.

He was a strong advocate of Arabic/Islamic culture and its interweaving with Sudanese culture. Qasim authored more than 70 books in the area of Islamic history and civilization, Arabic literature, studies in the Sudanese dialect languages.

Along with Professor Abdalla Eltayeb and Professor Abu Saleem, Qasim was considered one of the scholars who shaped the Sudanese academic scene during the last three decades of the 20th century.

Az-Zubair Prize for Innovation and Scientific Excellence
Az-Zubair Prize for Innovation and Scientific Excellence (Arabic: جائزة الزبير للإبداع والتميز العلمي) is an annual Sudanese scientific prize awarded by the President of Sudan for scientific innovation and creativity in applied and technological fields.
Zambian Defence Force
The Zambian Defence Force is the military of Zambia. It consists of the Zambian Army, the Zambian Air Force, and the Zambia National Service. The defence forces were formed at Zambian independence on 24 October 1964, from constituent units of the dissolved Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland Armed Forces. During the 1970s and 1980s, it played a key role in a number of regional conflicts, namely the South African Border War and Rhodesian Bush War. Being a landlocked country Zambia has no navy, although the Zambian Army maintains a maritime patrol unit for maintaining security on inland bodies of water.

Zambia National Service
The Zambia National Service, abbreviated ZNS, is part of the Zambian Defence Force, has been a cornerstone of national development since its establishment in 1971 through an Act of Parliament. Committed to the twin objectives of training civilian and safeguarding the territorial integrity of Zambia, the ZNS Act empowers them to prepare individuals to dutifully serve and protect the nation. However, it's not only about defense; ZNS also plays a vital role in imparting agricultural and craft skills to Zambians, promoting self-sufficiency and national prosperity. Originating in 1963 as the Land Army, ZNS has evolved into a dynamic force for national progress, underlining its multifaceted contribution to Zambia. Additionally, ZNS is also a major sponsor of Green Eagles football club.
Early photographers of York
Early photographers of York include:

Edwin F Fox

Bishops

Fox Talbot

William Hayes

Roger Fenton

William Pumphrey

George Fowler Jones architect

W. P. Glaisby

Francis Frith

J. W. (Mrs. Milward) Knowles

Joseph Duncan

Early photos of York by some of these photographers can also be found online.

Early photography is generally reckoned to be pre-1900.

William Pumphrey
William Pumphrey (1817 – 1905) was an early photographer based in York.

Pumphrey was a Quaker and started out as a science teacher at Bootham School, York. He bought his licence from Samuel Walker, York's first practising photographer, in July 1849, and ran his business there until 1854. Throughout this time he frequently lectured on scientific and kindred subjects; indeed, he continued to lecture - including to Bootham boys - even after taking up his post as superintendent of a private lunatic asylum in York. He was fond of travel, bringing home many photographs of the scenery of Switzerland and elsewhere, which he took pleasure in showing to his friends with the magic lantern.

In 1866, he organised an exhibition of Yorkshire Fine Art and Industry, in the grounds of Bootham Park Hospital, in which he entered two revolving stereoscopes, each containing 50 of his stereo views.
Northrop Grumman Guardian
The Northrop Grumman Guardian is a passive anti-missile countermeasure system designed specifically to protect commercial airliners from shoulder-launched missiles (commonly known as MANPADS), using directed infrared countermeasures (DIRCM) technology.

According to The Wall Street Journal, the program is now the subject of a lawsuit alleging that "in 2007 and 2008 the company intentionally inflated costs, presented false bills, lied about progress and withheld test data from the Department of Homeland Security."

FedEx Express
FedEx Express is an American cargo airline based in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. As of 2023, it was the world's largest cargo airline in terms of fleet size and freight tons flown. It is the namesake and leading subsidiary of FedEx Corporation, delivering freight and packages to more than 375 destinations over 220 countries and territories across six continents each day.

The company's global "Super Hub" is located at Memphis International Airport. In the United States, FedEx Express has a national hub at Indianapolis International Airport, and regional hubs at airports in Anchorage, Fort Worth, Greensboro, Miami, Newark, Oakland and Ontario. International regional hubs are located at airports in Cologne/Bonn, Dubai, Bengaluru, Delhi, Guangzhou, Istanbul, Liege, Milan, Mumbai, Osaka, Paris, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Taipei, Tokyo, and Toronto.
Red Poppies
Red Poppies (Chinese: 尘埃落定) is a 1998 Chinese-language novel by the Tibetan Chinese writer Alai, whose theme is based on the Tibetan custom and traditions. The novel consists of 12 chapters with a total of 481,000 Chinese characters. It won the Mao Dun Literature Prize in 2000.

Mao Dun Literature Prize
The Mao Dun Literature Prize (Chinese: 茅盾文学奖; pinyin: Máo Dùn Wénxué Jiǎng) is an award for novels, established in the will of prominent Chinese writer Mao Dun (for which he personally donated 250,000 RMB) and sponsored by the China Writers Association.  Awarded every four years, it is one of the most prestigious literature prizes in China. It was first awarded in 1982.
Çarxana, Siazan
41°02′45″N 49°03′09″E﻿ / ﻿41.04583°N 49.05250°E﻿ / 41.04583; 49.05250

Çarxana (also, Charkhana and Charkhany) is a village in the Siazan Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Sədan.

Sədan
Sədan (also, Saadan and Siadan) is a village and municipality in the Siazan Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 681.  The municipality consists of the villages of Sədan, Müşkülqazma, Sağolcan, and Çarxana.
Lake Cișmigiu
Lake Cișmigiu is a lake in the center of Bucharest, Sector 1, in Cișmigiu Gardens.  The lake has a surface of 29.500 m2, a length of 1.3 km, a width of 50 meters and a depth of 1–2 meters.  During winter the lake is dried artificially and a skate park is organized on the lake bed. Close to the Lake Cișmigiu in the Cișmigiu Gardens is the much smaller Lake Lebedelor, which is reserved for water birds.

Lacul Lebedelor
Lacul Lebedelor ("Swan Lake") is an artificial lake in the center of Bucharest, Sector 1, in Cișmigiu Gardens, close to Lake Cișmigiu. It is reserved to water birds. Over 90 species of birds and animals can be seen on another lake in Bucharest, Lake Văcărești.
Populus simonii
Populus simonii, Simon's poplar, Simon poplar, or Chinese cottonwood, is a species of poplar native to northeast China and to Mongolia, and commonly planted as a street tree in cool temperate areas of Europe. There have been introductions into North America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
USJ 21 LRT station
USJ 21 LRT station is a light rapid transit station in USJ 21 of UEP Subang Jaya, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. The station is located near the Main Place Mall. The station serves the nearby USJ 17, USJ 18 and USJ 20 neighborhoods.
It is operated under  the LRT Kelana Jaya Line. Like most other LRT stations operating in the Klang Valley, this station is elevated.

It is operated under  the LRT Kelana Jaya Line. Like most other LRT stations operating in the Klang Valley, this station is elevated.

UEP Subang Jaya
UEP Subang Jaya (commonly called "USJ" for United Estates Projects Bhd. Subang Jaya) is a major affluent township located in Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located within the Mukim (sub-district) of Damansara in the district of Petaling.
The Suburbs (band)
The Suburbs are an alternative punk rock/funk/new wave band from Minneapolis, Minnesota.

In its 1980s heyday, the band found great success in Minneapolis and the Midwest, and scored radio and dance-club hits with the songs "Music for Boys", "Waiting", and "Love Is the Law". The band released four albums and two EPs, including the well-regarded In Combo, Credit in Heaven, and Love Is The Law.  The band frequently headlined at Minneapolis's most influential music clubs, including Jay's Longhorn Bar and First Avenue. Ira Robbins of Trouser Press called the band "one of Minneapolis’ major musical resources of the late ’70s and early ’80s".

Beej Chaney
Blaine John "Beej" Chaney (April 30, 1957 – January 5, 2025) was an American musician. He was best known as singer and guitarist for Minneapolis punk/New Wave group The Suburbs from 1977 to 2014. He also owned Los Angeles recording studio Shangri-La for about two decades from the late 1990s to 2011.
Kangiqłuruluk
Kangiqłuruluk (ᑲᖏᖅᖢᕈᓗᒃ formerly Oliver Sound is an uninhabited natural waterway within Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located at the northern end of Baffin Island, north of Tay Sound. Its mouth opens to Tasiujaq. Pond Inlet is the nearest community. The sound makes up part of Sirmilik National Park. There are several alpine glaciers that are near this sound.

Tay Sound
Tay Sound is an uninhabited natural waterway within Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located at the northern end of Baffin Island, south of Oliver Sound.  Its mouth opens to Eclipse Sound.  Pond Inlet is the nearest community.
Nokia Asha 501
Nokia Asha 501 is a mobile phone from the budget Nokia Asha series, announced by Nokia on 9 May 2013 in India, and released on 24 June 2013. The device was classified at the time by Nokia as a "Full Touch" smartphone. The phone is available in either single- or dual SIM configurations and its suggested price was US $99 before taxes and subsidies.

The Asha 501 was the first device built on Nokia Asha platform, a new software platform descended from Series 40, with a user interface similar to MeeGo on Nokia N9. The Asha 501 includes Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, but no 3G connectivity, relying on EDGE and GPRS (2.75G) for cellular networking. The phone has been noted for its user-friendliness and a battery with long talk and standby times. It has been called "tiny" by some due to its size, being one of the smallest Nokia ever produced.

Nokia N9
The Nokia N9 (codename Lankku) is a flagship smartphone developed by Nokia, running on the Linux-based MeeGo mobile operating system. Announced in June 2011 and released in September, it was the first and only device from Nokia with MeeGo, partly because of the company's partnership with Microsoft announced that year. It was initially released in three colors: black, cyan and magenta, before a white version was announced at Nokia World 2011.

Despite a limited release, the N9 received widespread critical acclaim, with some describing it as Nokia's finest device to date. It was praised for both its software and hardware, including the MeeGo operating system, buttonless 'swipe' user interface, and its high-end features. The case would be reused for the Windows Phone-powered Nokia Lumia 800 which was released later that year.
Primate Mindstate
Primate Mindstate is the second extended play by American rapper Apathy. It was released on August 23, 2011 through Demigodz Records as a Bonus disc to his third studio album, Honkey Kong. The EP is mostly produced by Apathy, though one track is produced by MoSS.

Honkey Kong (Apathy album)
Honkey Kong is the third solo studio album by American rapper Apathy. It was released on August 23, 2011, via Dirty Version Records. The album was produced by Teddy Roxpin, Vanderslice, Da Beatminerz, DJ Muggs, DJ Premier, DJ Wayne Ski, Evidence, Smoke the World, Statik Selektah, Stu Bangas, and Apathy, who also served as executive producer with Celph Titled. It features guest appearances from Blacastan, Celph Titled, Esoteric, Vinnie Paz, Action Bronson, Brevi, Ill Bill, Mad Lion, Motive, OuterSpace, Reef the Lost Cauze, Slaine, Steele, Tosha Makia, and Xzibit.

The album peaked at number 40 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 45 on the Independent Albums and number 7 on the Heatseekers Albums charts in the United States.
Kizilgaha Caves
The Kizilgaha Caves (simplified Chinese: 克孜尔尕哈石窟; traditional Chinese: 克孜爾尕哈石窟; pinyin: Kèzīěrgǎhā shíkū) consist in a Buddhist Temple inside a complex of caves in the area of Kucha, Xinjiang, China. The paintings in the cave go back to the 5th century CE. Other famous sites nearby are the Ah-ai Grotto, Kizil Caves, Kumtura, Subashi Temple and the Simsim Caves.

Simsim Caves
The Simsim Caves, also called the Caves of Senmusaimu (Chinese: 森木塞姆石窟; pinyin: Sēnmùsāimǔ shíkū), are decorated Buddhist caves in the area of Kucha, Tarim Basin, China. Other famous sites nearby are the Ah-ai Grotto, Kizil Caves, the Kizilgaha Caves, the Kumtura Caves, and Subashi Temple.
PZ Myers
Paul Zachary Myers (born March 9, 1957) is an American biologist and activist who founded and writes the Pharyngula science and atheism blog. He is associate professor of biology at the University of Minnesota Morris (UMM) where he works in the field of developmental biology. He is a critic of intelligent design, the creationist movement, and pseudoscience.

In 2006 the journal Nature listed Myers's Pharyngula as the top-ranked blog by a scientist based on popularity. Myers received the American Humanist Association's 2009 Humanist of the Year award and the International Humanist Award in 2011. The asteroid 153298 Paulmyers is named in his honor.

University of Minnesota Morris
The University of Minnesota Morris (UMN–Morris) is a public liberal arts college in Morris, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the University of Minnesota system and was founded in 1960 as a public, co-educational, residential liberal arts college offering Bachelor of Arts degrees.
East Ferry Avenue Historic District
The East Ferry Avenue Historic District is a historic residential district in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. The nationally designated historic district stretches two blocks from Woodward Avenue east to Brush Street; the locally designated historic district includes a third block between Brush and Beaubien. The district includes the separately designated Col. Frank J. Hecker House and the Charles Lang Freer House. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Midtown Detroit
Midtown Detroit is a commercial and residential district located along the east and west side of Woodward Avenue, north of Downtown Detroit, and south of the New Center area. The area includes several historic districts. In addition, it contains a residential area of some 14,550 people and covers 2.09 sq mi. The community area of neighborhoods is bounded by the Chrysler Freeway (I-75) on the east, the Lodge Freeway (M-10) on the west, the Edsel Ford Freeway (I-94) on the north, and the Fisher Freeway (I-75) on the south.
Microfossil
A microfossil is a fossil that is generally between one micrometre and one millimetre in size, the visual study of which requires the use of light or electron microscopy. A fossil which can be studied with the naked eye or low-powered magnification, such as a hand lens, is referred to as a macrofossil.

Microfossils are a common feature of the geological record, from the Precambrian to the Holocene. They are most common in deposits of marine environments, but also occur in brackish water, fresh water and terrestrial sedimentary deposits. While every kingdom of life is represented in the microfossil record, the most abundant forms are protist skeletons or microbial cysts from the Chrysophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Sarcodina, acritarchs and chitinozoans, together with pollen and spores from the vascular plants.

Radiolaria
The Radiolaria, also called Radiozoa and informally called radiolarians, are unicellular eukaryotes of diameter 0.1–0.2 mm that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into the inner and outer portions of endoplasm and ectoplasm. The elaborate mineral skeleton is usually made of silica. They are found as zooplankton throughout the global ocean. As zooplankton, radiolarians are primarily heterotrophic, but many have photosynthetic endosymbionts and are, therefore, considered mixotrophs. The skeletal remains of some types of radiolarians make up a large part of the cover of the ocean floor as siliceous ooze. Due to their rapid change as species and intricate skeletons, radiolarians represent an important diagnostic fossil found from the Cambrian onwards.
Chitralekha Udyan
Cole Park, Tezpur is a very picturesque park near the centre of Tezpur. Later it was renamed Chitralekha Udyan although both names are synonymous. The name is after a famous character in Aniruddha- Usha love story.

Tezpur
Tezpur (Assamese: [tɛz.pʊɹ]) is a city in Sonitpur district, Assam state, India. Tezpur is located on the banks of the river Brahmaputra, 175 kilometres (109 mi) northeast of Guwahati, and is the largest of the north bank cities.
Palomar Observatory
The Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Research time at the observatory is granted to Caltech and its research partners, which include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Yale University, and the National Astronomical Observatories of China.

The observatory operates several telescopes, including the 200-inch (5.1 m) Hale Telescope, the 48-inch (1.2 m) Samuel Oschin telescope (dedicated to the Zwicky Transient Facility, ZTF), the Palomar 60-inch (1.5 m) Telescope, and the 30-centimetre (12-inch) Gattini-IR telescope. Decommissioned instruments include the Palomar Testbed Interferometer and the first telescopes at the observatory, an 18-inch (46 cm) Schmidt camera from 1936.

Gattini-IR
Gattini-IR is a survey telescope that observes in the near-infrared and started operation at the Palomar Observatory in late 2018.

It is planned to survey the entire accessible sky every night. It has a 2048x2048 sensor, and will observe in the J band (1.25um) infrared. Each nights images will be sensitive down to magnitude (MAB) 16.4, and by stacking a weeks images should be sensitive to MAB 17.5.
Bradleys Head Fortification Complex
The Bradleys Head Fortification Complex is a heritage-listed former mast and defensive battery and military fortification and now war memorial and recreational area located at Bradleys Head Road within the Sydney Harbour National Park in the Sydney suburb of Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Government engineers and built from 1840 to 1934. It is also known as Bradleys Head Forts and HMAS Sydney 1 Mast and Associated Memorials. The property is owned by the Office of Environment & Heritage. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 30 August 2010.

The small fort is located on the northern side of Sydney Harbour, just south of Taronga Park Zoo, and the fortification formed part of a total defence system for Sydney Harbour and recalls a period when the colony of New South Wales became increasingly aware of its isolation and wealth.

Mosman
Mosman is a suburb on the Lower North Shore region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Mosman is located 8 kilometres north-east of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the Municipality of Mosman.
Albaredo per San Marco
Albaredo per San Marco (Lombard: Albarii) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Sondrio.

Albaredo is crossed by the road of San Marco Pass.
Albaredo per San Marco borders the following municipalities: Averara, Bema, Mezzoldo, Morbegno, Talamona, Tartano.

Bema, Lombardy
Bema is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Sondrio.

Bema borders the following municipalities: Albaredo per San Marco, Averara, Cosio Valtellino, Gerola Alta, Morbegno, Pedesina, and Rasura.
Jill Haworth
Valerie Jill Haworth (15 August 1945 – 3 January 2011) was an English-American actress. She appeared in films throughout the 1960s, and started making guest appearances on television in 1963. She originated the role of Sally Bowles in the musical Cabaret on Broadway in 1966.

Corona Theatre School
Corona Theatre School (formerly Corona Academy) was founded in 1950 as a performing arts academy in west London. After the retirement of its owner, Rona Knight, it reopened as Ravenscourt Theatre School in 1989.
Lythalls Lane Stadium
Lythalls Lane Stadium was a greyhound racing and Motorcycle speedway stadium in Coventry.
It is sometimes referred to as Foleshill Stadium or Coventry Stadium but should not be confused with Brandon Stadium.

Eclipse (greyhounds)
The Eclipse is a greyhound racing competition held annually at Nottingham Greyhound Stadium.

It was inaugurated in 1938 at Lythalls Lane Stadium in Coventry. Following the closure of the stadium in 1964 the competition ended for a period of three years before briefly being re-introduced at Kings Heath Stadium.

Kings Heath closed down in 1971 which led to Hall Green Stadium acting as a temporary host before the race returned to its roots in Coventry at the Brandon Stadium. Coventry stopped greyhound racing in 1986, which resulted in Nottingham taking the event and holding it since. In 2022, the prize money increased with the sponsorship of Premier Greyhound Racing and the winners purse was £20,000.