hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sudden death syndrome
Sudden death syndrome (SDS), a disease in soybean plants, quickly spread across the southern United States in the 1970s, eventually reaching most agricultural areas of the US. SDS is caused by multiple Fusarium fungi in the Fusarium solani complex. Fusarium virguliforme is the sole causal agent in North America. In South America, Fusarium brasiliense, F. cuneirostrum, F. tucumaniae, and F. virguliforme are all causal agents. Losses could exceed hundreds of millions of dollars in US soybean markets alone making it one of the most important diseases found in Soybeans across the US.

Fusarium
Fusarium (/fjuˈzɛəriəm/; Audio:ⓘ) is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. The name of Fusarium comes from Latin fusus, meaning a spindle. Most species in Genus Fusarium are harmless saprobes found in relative abundance in the soil microbial community, and some exist as commensal members of the skin microbiome.

Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health if they enter the food chain; the main toxins produced by Fusarium species are the fumonisin and trichothecene families, and zearalenone. Despite most species being harmless, some Fusarium species and subspecific groups are among the most important fungal pathogens of plants and animals.
Lunar Magic
Lunar Magic is a level editor created by FuSoYa for Super Mario World that allows the user to edit and create custom graphics, blocks, sprites, levels, backgrounds, music, overworld maps, and full title screen and credits. The program is distributed as freeware and runs on Microsoft Windows.

Lunar Magic has been used to create various custom levels, particularly kaizo levels. It inspired various creators, such as PangaeaPanga, who later used his mapping skills to create levels in Super Mario Maker and its sequel.

Kaizo
Kaizo (Japanese: 改造, Hepburn: kaizō; meaning "modification", "rebuild", "remodel" or "reconfiguration") is a philosophy of game design, specifically platforming games, distinguished by a high degree of strictness placed upon the player's intended actions and movements through a level. This emphasis on precision, which manifests in the form of extremely-precise character movement (often enforced through subterfuge and purposefully hidden traps), requires the player to use high levels of skill and knowledge of the game's physics and engine in order to accomplish tasks. The philosophy is most closely associated with ROM hacks of Super Mario World and with custom levels created in Super Mario Maker and Super Mario Maker 2, but has been cited as an influence in other fan-made and original game designs.

The term originally came from the Japanese ROM-hacking scene, where kaizo was used as a general term for all modified games.
Jesterville, Maryland
Jesterville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Wicomico County, Maryland, United States. Its population was 179 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Wicomico County, Maryland
Wicomico County (/waɪˈkɒmɪkoʊ/ wy-KOM-ik-oh) is in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Maryland, on the Delmarva Peninsula. As of the 2020 census, the population was 103,588. The county seat is Salisbury. The county was named for the Wicomico River, which in turn derives its name from the Algonquian language words wicko mekee, meaning "a place where houses are built", apparently referring to a Native American town on the banks. The county is included in the Salisbury, MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is part of the Lower Eastern Shore region of the state.
Enbekshikazakh District
Enbekshikazakh District (Kazakh: Еңбекшіқазақ ауданы, Eñbekşıqazaq audany) is a district of Almaty Region in Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Esik. Population: 278,538 (2013 estimate); 257,506 (2009 census results); 202,659 (1999 census results).

Almaty Region
Almaty Region (Kazakh: Almaty oblysy [ɑɫmɑˈtə ˌwobɫɤˈsə]), formerly known as the Alma-Ata Region until 1993, is a region in Kazakhstan, located in the southeastern part of the country. It surrounds, but does not include, the eponymous city of Almaty. Its capital is Qonaev.
Saint Croix
Saint Croix (/krɔɪ/ KROY; Spanish: Santa Cruz; Dutch: Sint-Kruis; French: Sainte-Croix; Danish and Norwegian: Sankt Croix; Taino: Ay Ay) is an island in the Caribbean, and a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States.

St. Croix is the largest of the territory's islands. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 41,004. The island's highest point is Mount Eagle, at 355 meters (1,165 ft). St. Croix's nickname is "Twin City", for its two towns, Frederiksted on the western end and Christiansted on the northeast part of the island.

Virgin Islands Creole
Virgin Islands Creole, or Virgin Islands Creole English, is an English-based creole consisting of several varieties spoken in the Virgin Islands and the nearby SSS islands of Saba, Saint Martin and Sint Eustatius, where it is known as Saban English, Saint Martin English, and Statian English, respectively.

The term "Virgin Islands Creole" is formal terminology used by scholars and academics, and rarely used in everyday speech. Informally, the creole is known as a dialect, as many locals perceive the creole as a dialect of English, not an English creole language. But academic sociohistorical and linguistic research suggests that it is in fact an English creole language.

Because there are several varieties of Virgin Islands Creole, it is also colloquially known by the specific island on which it is spoken: Crucian dialect, Thomian dialect, Tortolian dialect or Tolan dialect, Saban dialect, Saint Martin dialect, Statian dialect.
James Burnham
James Burnham (November 22, 1905 – July 28, 1987) was an American philosopher and political theorist. He chaired the New York University Department of Philosophy. Burnham was an editor and a regular contributor to William F. Buckley's conservative magazine National Review on a variety of topics. He rejected containment of the Soviet Union and called for the rollback of communism worldwide.

His first book was An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis (1931). Burnham became a prominent Trotskyist activist in the 1930s. His most famous book, The Managerial Revolution (1941), speculated on the future of an increasingly proceduralist hence sclerotic society. A year before he wrote the book, he rejected Marxism and became an influential theorist of the political right as a leader of the American conservative movement.

Workers Party of the United States
The Workers Party of the United States (WPUS) was established in December 1934 by a merger of the American Workers Party (AWP) led by A.J. Muste and the Trotskyist Communist League of America (CLA) led by James P. Cannon. The party was dissolved in 1936 when its members entered the Socialist Party of America en masse.
Walhalla railway line
The Walhalla railway line was a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge railway located in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. The line ran from Moe to the former gold-mining town and popular tourist destination of Walhalla.: 106–113

Construction began in 1904, though the project progressed slowly and the line was not completed until 1910.: 105–106  It was the last of the four narrow gauge lines of the Victorian Railways to be opened: 7 : 89  due to the difficult and mountainous terrain to be contended with. The railway was expected to be a boon for the town, which was in a state of economic and population decline due to gold mining operations becoming increasingly uneconomical, with the largest gold mining company closing in 1915.: 23  However, the arrival of the railway did not save the town. The line closed in sections from 1944 to 1954.: 120

Walhalla, Victoria
Walhalla is a town in Victoria, Australia, founded as a gold-mining community in late 1862, and at its peak, home to around 4,000 residents. As of 2023, the town has a population of 20 permanent residents, though it has a large proportion of houses owned as holiday properties. It attracts large numbers of tourists and is a major focus of the regional tourism industry. The town's name is taken from an early gold mine in the area, named for the German hall of fame, the Walhalla temple (Valhalla from Norse sagas).
DZEA-TV
DZEA-TV (channel 10) is a television station in North Central Luzon, Philippines, airing programming from the GMA network. Owned and operated by the network's namesake corporate parent, the station maintains studios at the GMA Complex, Claveria Road, Malued District, Dagupan City, Pangasinan, while its hybrid analog and digital transmitter facilities shared with GTV outlet DWDG-TV channel 22 are located atop Mount Santo Tomas, and the Digital SFN relay transmitting towers is located at Luz Street, Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija.

Isyu Ngayon
The Isyu Ngayon series (Issues Today) was a brand of regional news magazine shows of different GMA Regional TV stations in the Philippines. They were aired weekly in Dagupan, Cebu, Iloilo and Davao on Saturday mornings; and aired daily in Naga, Bacolod, Cagayan de Oro and General Santos. The Isyu Ngayon family of programs was not available in the Metro Manila market. Its editions in Naga, Iloilo, Bacolod and Davao were aired internationally via GMA News TV International.
Beta Sagittarii
Beta Sagittarii (β Sagittarii, abbreviated Beta Sgr, β Sgr) is the common designation shared by two star systems in the constellation of Sagittarius, themselves designated β1 Sagittarii (itself a probable binary star) and β2 Sagittarii. The two systems are separated by 0.36° in the sky.

β1 Sagittarii

β2 Sagittarii

β1 Sagittarii's two components are designated β1 Sagittarii A, also named Arkab Prior, and β1 Sagittarii B (sometimes designated Arkab Prior A and B). β2 Sagittarii is named Arkab Posterior. Beta Sagittarii is also referred to by the traditional name Arkab.

Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.

The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
Frans van Brederode
Frans van Brederode (February 4, 1465 – August 11, 1490) was a rebel in Holland against the rule of emperor Maximilian, father and regent of Duke Philip the Handsome of Burgundy.

Duke Philip was Count of Holland - Brederode belonged to the Hook faction in Holland, which didn't acknowledge Maximilian.

Brederode was born in Vianen. He conquered Rotterdam in 1488 and tried to conquer many other cities during the Squire Francis War. He was successful only in Woerden and Geertruidenberg in 1489. He was defeated during the Battle of Brouwershaven (1490) in 1490, and subsequently died in prison in Dordrecht of the wounds received during the battle.

He was a son of Reinoud II van Brederode and Yolande de Lalaing.

Squire Francis War
The Squire Francis War (Dutch: Jonker Fransenoorlog) took place in the County of Holland between November 1488 and August 1490. It was the last outburst of the Hook and Cod wars. A Hook minority captured Rotterdam in early November 1488, and from there attempts were made to get towns and villages to become Hookist. This faction was led by Frans van Brederode (namesake of this war), a squire and descendant of an illustrious noble family. Frans revolted against the provincial administration of stadholder John III of Egmont dominated by the Cod.
Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies
The Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies was a British right-wing movement, established in 1925 to provide volunteers in the event of a general strike. During the General Strike of 1926, it was taken over by the government to provide vital services, such as transport and communications.

British Fascists
The British Fascists (originally called the British Fascisti) were the first political organisation in the United Kingdom to claim the label of fascism, formed in 1923. The group had lacked much ideological unity apart from anti-socialism for most of its existence, and was strongly associated with British conservatism. William Joyce, Neil Francis Hawkins, Maxwell Knight and Arnold Leese were amongst those to have passed through the movement as members and activists.
Ganges Chasma
Ganges Chasma is a deep canyon at the eastern end of the vast Valles Marineris system on Mars, an offshoot of Capri Chasma, and is in the Coprates quadrangle.  It is named after the River Ganges in South Asia. Ganges Chasma is thought to have formed through a series of catastrophic discharges of water and CO2 from chaos terrains such as that preserved in Ganges Chaos at its southern margin. Most of the evidence for these discharges and the ensuing collapses is believed to have been washed away. Prior to developing an outlet that joined it to Capri Chasma and the connected outflow channels to its east, Ganges Chasma may at some point in the Noachian period have contained a lake which drained northward through partially subsurface pathways into Shalbatana Vallis.

Map of Xanthe Terra that shows location of Ganges Chasma and other major features

Cliff in northern wall of Ganges Chasma, as seen by THEMIS.  Click on image to see relationship with other features in the Coprates region.

Coprates quadrangle
The Coprates quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Coprates quadrangle is also referred to as MC-18 (Mars Chart-18).  The Coprates quadrangle contains parts of many of the old classical regions of Mars: Sinai Planum, Solis Planum, Thaumasia Planum, Lunae Planum, Noachis Terra, and Xanthe Terra.

The name Coprates refers to Coprates Chasma, a central trough of the Valles Marineris, named after the Greek name of the Dez River in Persia.

The Coprates quadrangle goes from 45° to 90° west longitude and 0° to 30° south latitude on Mars.  Coprates quadrangle is famous for depicting the "Grand Canyon of Mars", the Valles Marineris Canyon System.  Signs of water exist in this quadrangle, with ancient river valleys and networks of stream channels showing up as inverted terrain and lakes inside of Valles Marineris.
Estcourt
Estcourt (/ˈɛskɔːrt/ ESS-kort) is a town in the uThukela District of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.  The main economic activity is farming with large bacon and processed food factories situated around the town.  The N3 freeway passes close to the town, linking it to the rest of South Africa.

Bushman's River
The Bushman's River (Afrikaans: Boesmansrivier) is an east to north-easterly flowing tributary of the Tugela River, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. It rises in the Drakensberg Mountain range, with its upper catchment in the Giant's Castle Game Reserve, north of the Giant's Castle promontory. It feeds the Wagendrift Dam and then flows past the town of Estcourt to join the Tugela River near the town of Weenen.

Its tributaries include the Little Bushmans River which joins the Bushmans River at Estcourt, Rensburgspruit, Mtontwanes River and the Mugwenya River. The Wagendrift Dam near Estcourt is its major reservoir. Several densely populated rural villages, many inhabited by the amaHlubi, are found in the river's upper catchment area.  The river is flanked by the Bloukrans River to the north and the Mooi River to the south.
Merrion Centre, Leeds
The Merrion Centre is a shopping centre located in the Arena Quarter area of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Since opening in 1964, the centre has been owned and managed by Town Centre Securities. Originally open air, the centre had a roof installed during the 1970s.

Leeds Arena
The Leeds Arena (currently known as the First Direct Bank Arena for sponsorship reasons) is an entertainment-focused indoor arena located in the Arena Quarter of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is the first in the United Kingdom to have a fan-shaped orientation.

The arena officially opened on 4 September 2013, with Sir Elton John, playing to an audience of 12,000. Bruce Springsteen had, however, held the first concert on 24 July 2013, with an audience of 13,000. The arena's opening season in 2013 later included acts including Kaiser Chiefs, Rod Stewart, Status Quo and Depeche Mode.

The building was named the "best new venue in the world" in 2014 by the Stadium Business Awards.
Stuart Springs
Stuart Springs is a city park in Forrest City, Arkansas.  The 16-acre (6.5 ha) park is located on the northeast side of the city, at the end of East Arlington Avenue.  The park's main features are three springs, which were developed as a spa around the turn of the 20th century.  At Stuart Spring, the largest of the three, there still stand foundational remnants of the brick springhouse.  There are no traces left of an adjacent pavilion which was also built.  The park now provides passive recreational opportunities, with walkways and playgrounds.

The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Forrest City, Arkansas
Forrest City is a city in and the county seat of St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States. It was named for General Nathan Bedford Forrest, a notable Confederate war hero who later became the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. Shortly after the end of the Civil War, he had a construction crew camped here, who were completing a railroad between Memphis and Little Rock. As of the 2020 census, Forrest City had a population of 13,015. The city identifies as the "Jewel of the Delta".
Battle of the Argenta Gap
The Battle of the Argenta Gap was an engagement which formed part of the Allied spring 1945 offensive during the Italian campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. It took place in northern Italy from 12 to 19 April 1945 between troops of British V Corps commanded by Lieutenant-General Charles Keightley and German units of LXXVI Panzer Corps commanded by Lieutenant General (General der Panzertruppe) Gerhard von Schwerin.

167th (1st London) Brigade
The 167th (1st London) Brigade was an infantry formation of the British Territorial Army that saw active service in both the First and Second World Wars. It was the first Territorial formation to go overseas in 1914, garrisoned Malta, and then served with the 56th (London) Infantry Division on the Western Front. In the Second World War, it fought in the North African and Italian campaigns in the Second World War.
Wo soll ich fliehen hin, BWV 5
Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata (Bach) Wo soll ich fliehen hin (Where shall I flee), BWV 5, in Leipzig for the 19th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 15 October 1724. It is based on the penitential hymn "Wo soll ich fliehen hin" by Johann Heermann.

Wo soll ich fliehen hin belongs to Bach's chorale cantata cycle, the second cycle during his tenure as Thomaskantor that began in 1723. The text retains the first and 11th stanzas of the chorale unchanged, while the other stanzas were paraphrased into alternating recitatives and arias by an unknown librettist.

The cantata in seven movements is scored for SATB soloists and choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of tromba da tirarsi (slide trumpet), two oboes, strings and continuo.

Church cantata (Bach)
Throughout his life as a musician, Johann Sebastian Bach composed cantatas for both secular and sacred use. He composed his church cantatas for use in the Lutheran church, mainly intended for the occasions of the liturgical year.
Đurđevo
Đurđevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђурђево; Pannonian Rusyn: Дюрдьов, romanized: D'urd'ov; Hungarian: Sajkásgyörgye) is a village located in the Žabalj municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and a population numbering 5,137 people (2002 census). Besides Serbs (numbering 3,538 people), the village also has a large Rusyn minority (numbering 1,197 people).

Žabalj
Žabalj (Serbian Cyrillic: Жабаљ, pronounced [ʒǎːbaʎ]; Hungarian: Zsablya) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. According to 2022 census, the town Žabalj has a population of 8,449 and the municipality Žabalj has a population of 23,853. It is located in southeastern part of Bačka, known as Šajkaška. All settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority.
2021 Barcelona Formula 3 round
The 2021 Barcelona FIA Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held on 8 and 9 May 2021 at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in Montmeló, Catalonia, Spain. It was the first round of the 2021 FIA Formula 3 Championship, and ran in support of the 2021 Spanish Grand Prix.

Caio Collet
Caio Jotta Collet (born 3 April 2002) is a Brazilian racing driver who will compete in the IndyCar Series for A. J. Foyt Racing.

Born and raised in São Paulo, Collet began his single-seater career in 2018, winning the French F4 title that year. He then moved up to Formula Renault Eurocup for two years and finished runner-up in 2020, before racing in FIA Formula 3 from 2021 to 2023, taking three wins. He then switched to Indy NXT with HMD Motorsports for 2024 and finished third, and placed runner-up the year after.

Collet served as the reserve and simulator driver for the Nissan Formula E Team, making his Formula E debut with Nissan at the 2024 Portland ePrix. He is a former member of the Alpine Academy and the Winfield Racing School.
Arengario (Monza)
The Arengario is a historic building in Monza, northern Italy. It was built in the 13th century and is named after its original function as the town's "arengario" (i.e., town hall). It is located in the most central square of Monza, Piazza Roma.

Its architecture is clearly inspired by that of the Palazzo della Ragione of Milan, with a portico surmounted by a single upper floor that was used for councils. The side of the building facing South has a small stone loggia (added to the main building in 1330) informally known as "la Parléra" (in Lombard, "the speaking place"), where the commune's decrees were declaimed to the population. In the 14th century, a bell tower was added, decorated with Ghibelline-styled merlons. In the original building, external stairs led to the upper floor; these have been replaced in 1904 with a new stairway inside the tower.

Palazzo della Ragione, Milan
45°27′53.54″N 9°11′16.16″E﻿ / ﻿45.4648722°N 9.1878222°E﻿ / 45.4648722; 9.1878222

The Palazzo della Ragione ("Palace of Reason") is a historic building in Milan, Italy, located in Piazza Mercanti, facing the Loggia degli Osii. Built in the 13th century, it originally served as a broletto—an administrative and judicial building. As the second broletto constructed in Milan, it is also known as the Broletto Nuovo ("New Broletto").

The palace features a relief of Oldrado da Tresseno, the podestà of Milan known for his harsh prosecution of Cathar heretics. Another notable element is the bas-relief of the scrofa semilanuta ("half-woolly sow"), which has been the subject of much scholarly debate concerning the foundation and early symbolism of Milan.