hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nanosemantics
Nanosemantics Lab is a Russian IT company specializing in natural language processing (NLP), computer vision (CV), speech technologies (ASR/TTS) and creation of interactive dialog interfaces, particularly chatbots and virtual assistants, based on artificial intelligence (AI). The company uses neural network platforms, including its own-made platform PuzzleLib which works on Russian-made microprocessor architecture Elbrus and Russia-based Astra Linux operating system. The company was founded in 2005 by Igor Ashmanov and Natalya Kaspersky.

Ashmanov & Partners
Ashmanov & Partners («АиП», A&P) — Russian privately held company specializing in Information technologies, online marketing,  software development (i.e., search engines), and AI-powered software. Founded in 2001 by Igor Ashmanov and ex-Rambler managers, it has multiple subsidiaries in the same industry.
Min Hla Htut of Ava
Min Hla Htut (Burmese: မင်းလှထွတ်, pronounced [mɪ́ɴ l̥a̰ tʰʊʔ]; also known as Saw Min Phyu (စောမင်းဖြူ); b. 1388/89) was a princess of Ava. She was the only daughter of King Tarabya of Ava and Queen Min Hla Myat of Ava and sister of King Min Nyo of Ava.

According to the Maha Yazawin chronicle, her first marriage was to Prince Thihathu, her first cousin six years her junior. The marriage, arranged by her uncle King Minkhaung I, soon ended in divorce. The king then married her off to Saw Shwe Khet. However, the chronicle Yazawin Thit rejects that the marriage between Saw Min Htut and Thihathu ever took place, citing a 1415/16 stone inscription. The Hmannan Yazawin accepts the Yazawin Thit's rejection.

According to the inscription, Hla Htut married Saw Shwe Khet in 1403/04. They had their child, Shin Yun, c. 1408. Shin Yun later became wife of Gov. Min Maha of Prome.

Thihathu of Ava
Thihathu of Ava (Burmese: သီဟသူ, pronounced [θìha̰ðù]; also known as Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin Thihathu; 1394–1425) was king of Ava from 1421 to 1425. Though he opportunistically renewed the Forty Years' War with Hanthawaddy Pegu in 1422, Thihathu agreed to a peace treaty with Prince Binnya Ran in 1423. His subsequent marriage to Ran's sister Princess Shin Saw Pu helped keep the peace between the two kingdoms when Ran became king of Pegu in 1424.

Thihathu was assassinated in 1425 in a coup engineered by Queen Shin Bo-Me. He is remembered as the Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin (Burmese: အောင်ပင်လယ် ဆင်ဖြူရှင် [ʔàʊɴ bɪ̀ɴlɛ̀ sʰɪ̀ɴbjùʃɪ̀ɴ]; lit. 'Lord of the White Elephant of Aung Pinle') nat in the pantheon of Burmese nat spirits.
Consensus history
Consensus history is a term used to define a style of American historiography and classify a group of historians who emphasize the basic unity of American values and the American national character and downplay conflicts, especially conflicts along class lines, as superficial and lacking in complexity. The term originated with historian John Higham, who coined it in a 1959 article in Commentary titled "The Cult of the American Consensus". Consensus history saw its primary period of influence in the 1950s, and it remained the dominant mode of American history until historians of the New Left began to challenge it in the 1960s.

Daniel J. Boorstin
Daniel Joseph Boorstin (October 1, 1914 – February 28, 2004) was an American historian at the University of Chicago who wrote on many topics in American and world history. He was appointed the twelfth Librarian of the United States Congress in 1975 and served until 1987. He was instrumental in the creation of the Center for the Book at the Library of Congress.

Repudiating his youthful membership in the Communist Party,  Boorstin became a political conservative and a prominent exponent of consensus history. He argued in The Genius of American Politics (1953) that ideology, propaganda, and political theory are foreign to America. His writings were often seen, along with those of historians such as Richard Hofstadter, Louis Hartz and Clinton Rossiter, as belonging to the "consensus school", which emphasized the unity of the American people and downplayed class and social conflict. Boorstin especially praised inventors and entrepreneurs as central to the American success story.
Charles, Prince of Rochefort
Charles de Rohan (7 August 1693 – 25 February 1766) was a Prince of the House of Rohan. He was the founder of the Rochefort line of the Rohans which still continue to live today. He was styled the Prince of Rochefort as well as the Prince of Montauban.

Louis, Prince of Brionne
Louis of Lorraine (Louis Charles; 10 September 1725 – 28 June 1761) was a member of the House of Guise, a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine. He married three times and through his daughter, is an ancestor of the present House of Savoy. He was the Grand Squire of France and Governor of Anjou.
Chimyl alcohol
Chimyl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OC16H33.   It is a colorless solid.  Chimyl alcohol is a monoether formed by condensation of cetyl alcohol with one of the two primary alcohol sites of glycerol.  Together with S-selachyl alcohol and S-batyl alcohol, S-chimyl alcohol is a component of some lipid membranes. It is found in the liver of the shark Centrophorus squamosus. The name chimyl is derived from a classification of ratfish, order Chimaeriformes.  Like other glyceryl ethers, those derived from chimyl alcohol are not saponifiable.

Cetyl alcohol
Cetyl alcohol /ˈsiːtəl/, also known as hexadecan-1-ol and palmityl alcohol, is a C-16 fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)15OH. At room temperature, cetyl alcohol takes the form of a waxy white solid or flakes. The name cetyl refers to whale oil (cetacea oil, from Latin: cetus, lit. 'whale', from Ancient Greek: κῆτος, romanized: kētos, lit. 'huge fish') from which it was first isolated.
Thómas saga Erkibyskups
Thómas saga Erkibyskups (English: Saga of Archbishop Thomas) is an Icelandic saga on Saint Thomas Becket written in the 14th century and based on earlier sources: a now lost "Life" by Robert of Cricklade which was written soon after Becket's murder, a "Life" by Benet of St Albans, and an Icelandic translation of the "Quadrilogus" (a composite life based on 12th-century biographers). It provides some unique details, like Thomas speaking with a stammer; these details mostly come from Robert's "Life", which also was a source for Benet's.

Thomas Becket
Thomas Becket (/ˈbɛkɪt/ ⓘ), also known as Saint Thomas of Canterbury, Thomas of London and later Thomas à Becket (21 December 1119 or 1120 – 29 December 1170), was an English cleric and statesman who served as Lord Chancellor from 1155 to 1162, and then as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his death in 1170. He is known for his conflict with King Henry II over the rights and privileges of the Church and was murdered by followers of the king in Canterbury Cathedral. He was canonised by Pope Alexander III two years after his death. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion.
37th Indian Infantry Brigade
The 37th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during the Second World War. It was formed in June 1941, at Quetta in India and assigned to the 14th Indian Infantry Division. The brigade was then assigned to the 23rd Indian Infantry Division in June 1942. It remained with the 23rd Division apart from an attachment to the 17th Indian Infantry Division between March and April 1944.

After the end of the Second World War, it took part in the British occupation of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution.

23rd Infantry Division (India)
The 23rd Infantry Division is an infantry division of the Indian Army. It was raised as a part of the Indian Army during World War II. It fought in the Burma Campaign and the Battle of Surabaya during the Indonesian National Revolution.
Edward Howard (bishop)
Edward Daniel Howard (November 5, 1877 – January 2, 1983) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the auxiliary bishop of Davenport in Iowa from 1924 to 1926 and the archbishop of Portland in Oregon from 1926 to 1966. At the time of his death in 1983 he was the oldest Catholic bishop in the world.

Diocese of Davenport
The Diocese of Davenport (Latin: Diœcesis Davenportensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church for the southeastern quarter of the state of Iowa in the United States. The bishop is Dennis Gerard Walsh. The see city for the diocese is Davenport, where Sacred Heart Cathedral is located.
Jayedar-e Shomali Rural District
Jayedar-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان جایدر شمالی) is in the Central District of Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rahimabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Valieasr, and prior to that time, its capital was the village of Sarab Hammam (now a city).

Rahimabad, Pol-e Dokhtar
Rahimabad (Persian: رحيم اباد) is a village in, and the capital of, Jayedar-e Shomali Rural District of the Central District of Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Valieasr, and prior to that time, its capital was the village of Sarab Hammam (now a city).
Matthias Grünewald
Matthias Grünewald (c. 1470 – 31 August 1528; also known as Mathis Gothart Nithart) was a German Renaissance painter of religious works who ignored Renaissance classicism to continue the style of late medieval Central European art into the 16th century.

Only ten paintings—including several polyptychs—and thirty-five drawings survive, all religious, although many others were lost at sea on their way to Sweden as war booty. He was obscure until the late nineteenth century, when many of his paintings were attributed to Albrecht Dürer, who is now seen as his stylistic antithesis. His largest and most famous work is the Isenheim Altarpiece created c. 1512 to 1516.

Kunstmuseum Basel
The Kunstmuseum Basel houses the oldest public art collection in the world and is generally considered to be the most important museum of art in Switzerland. It is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Its lineage extends back to the Amerbach Cabinet, which included a collection of works by Hans Holbein purchased by the city of Basel and the University of Basel in 1661, which made it the first municipally owned and therefore open to the public museum in the world. Its collection is distinguished by an impressively wide historic span, from the early 15th century up to the immediate present. Its various areas of emphasis give it international standing as one of the most significant museums of its kind. These encompass paintings and drawings by artists active in the Upper Rhine region between 1400 and 1600, as well as the art of the 19th to 21st centuries.
Ancylosis biflexella
Ancylosis biflexella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ancylosis. It was described by Julius Lederer in 1855, and is known from Niger, Tunisia, Algeria, Israel, Lebanon, Iran, Cyprus and the Canary Islands.

Ancylosis
Ancylosis is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1839, and is known from South Africa, Uzbekistan, Spain, Turkmenistan, Lebanon, Algeria, Tunisia, Russia, Israel, Palestine, Greece, Australia, Seychelles, Afghanistan, the United States, Iraq, Namibia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Mauritius, Mozambique, Lebanon, Argentina, Sri Lanka, and Yemen.
Bezdany raid
The Bezdany raid was a train robbery carried out on the night of 26/27 September 1908 in the vicinity of Bezdany (since 1946 Bezdonys) near Vilnius on a Russian Empire passenger and mail train by a group of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party led by Józef Piłsudski.

Aleksandra Piłsudska
Aleksandra Piłsudska (née Szczerbińska; 12 December 1882 – 31 March 1963) was a Polish socialist and independence activist, member of Polish Socialist Party and Polish Military Organisation, the second wife of Józef Piłsudski.
Sandhill Lake
Sandhill Lake is a small lake and park, west of the centre of Worksop, Nottinghamshire, England. It is passed by the Chesterfield Canal and the National Cycle Route 6. The lake is 7.6 hectares in area and the path around it has a circumference of 1.21 miles (1.95 km). The River Ryton passes just to the southwest of the canal. The lake, formerly known as Godfrey's Pond, is popular with local anglers, and the area is also used for other leisure activities.

Worksop
Worksop (/ˈwɜːrksɒp/ WURK-sop) is a market town in the Bassetlaw District in Nottinghamshire, England. Located close to Nottinghamshire's borders with South Yorkshire and Derbyshire, it is on the River Ryton and not far from the northern edge of Sherwood Forest. The population of the town was recorded at 44,733 in the 2021 Census. To the south of Worksop is the area of the Dukeries.
ParknShop
ParknShop (styled PARKnSHOP, Chinese: 百佳) is one of the two largest supermarket chains in Hong Kong, the other being Wellcome. ParknShop operates more than 200 outlets in Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China.

The first ParknShop store opened in Stanley, Hong Kong in 1973. For a decade the store remained a local retailer until the mid-1980s when it began to expand outside Hong Kong.

ParknShop is a member of the AS Watson Group, a subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings Limited.

CK Hutchison Holdings
CK Hutchison Holdings Limited (Chinese: 長江和記實業有限公司) is a Hong Kong–based and Cayman Islands–registered multinational conglomerate corporation. The company was formed in March 2015 through the merger of Cheung Kong Holdings and its main associate company Hutchison Whampoa. It has four core businesses – ports and related services, retail, infrastructure and telecommunications – which operate in over 50 countries, as well as several other investments around the world.
Halodurantibacterium
Halodurantibacterium is a Gram-negative genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobacteraceae with one known species (Halodurantibacterium flavum). Halodurantibacterium flavum has been isolated from an oil production mixture from the Daqing Oilfield in China.

Rhodobacteraceae
The Rhodobacteraceae are a family of Pseudomonadota in the order Rhodobacterales within the alpha subgroup. Like all Pseudomonadota, they are gram-negative. It contains  chemoorganotrophs and photoheterotrophs. Many occur in aquatic habitats.
Bond credit rating
In investment, the bond credit rating represents the creditworthiness of corporate or government bonds. The ratings are published by credit rating agencies and used by investment professionals to assess the likelihood the debt will be repaid.

S&P Global Ratings
S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities. S&P is considered the largest of the Big Three credit-rating agencies, which also include Moody's Ratings and Fitch Ratings. Its head office is located on 55 Water Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.
Social media age verification laws in the United States
In the United States, age verification laws for social media are ostensibly designed to limit young people's access to content deemed problematic such as pornography and to reduce the negative impact of social media on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents.

The purpose and effects of such laws are highly contested. Critics say that these laws suppress free speech by removing online anonymity. They have also stated the laws undermine safety, even for children, by increasing the exposure of user data to breaches, many sites require government IDs and biometric data (such as photographs), often transmitted or secured insecurely and without encryption. They also note that the measures are easily circumvented with VPNs, prompting some states such as Michigan and Wisconsin to propose legislation banning VPNs.

NetChoice
NetChoice is a trade association of online businesses that advocates for free expression and free enterprise on the internet. It currently has six active First Amendment lawsuits over state-level internet regulations, including NetChoice v. Paxton, Moody v. NetChoice, NetChoice v. Bonta and NetChoice v. Yost, NetChoice v, Weiser.

They have also challenged multiple Social Media Age Verification Laws In The United States.
CTV Atlantic
CTV Atlantic (formerly known as the Atlantic Television System, or ATV) is a system of four television stations in the Maritimes, owned and operated by the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media. Despite the name, it is not available over the air or on basic cable in Newfoundland and Labrador even though that province is part of Atlantic Canada.

The CTV Atlantic stations are:

CJCH-DT – Halifax, Nova Scotia (flagship station)

CJCB-DT – Sydney, Nova Scotia

CKCW-DT – Moncton, New Brunswick/Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island

CKLT-DT – Saint John, New Brunswick

All four stations refer to themselves on air as CTV, not by their call letters. CJCB and CKCW simulcast CJCH for most of the day, but air separate commercials and local telethons. CKLT is a full repeater of CKCW. However, all four stations are separately licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). Station information and history is discussed in each station's own article.

CTV News
CTV News is the news division of the CTV Television Network in Canada. The name CTV News is also applied as the title of local and regional newscasts on the network's owned-and-operated stations (O&Os), which are closely tied to the national news division. Local newscasts on CTV 2 are also branded as CTV News, although in most cases they are managed separately from the newscasts on the main CTV network.
Road Warriors (Atlantic League)
The Road Warriors are a professional baseball team owned by the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. The traveling team has operated intermittently throughout the league's history, usually being activated in years when the league otherwise has an odd number of teams.

Traveling team
In professional team sports, a traveling team (also called a road team) is a member of a professional league that never competes in a home arena or stadium. This differs from a barnstorming team as a barnstorming team competes in exhibition games and not within a league or association framework as a traveling team does. While leagues may designate a traveling team prior to the start of competition, some teams become road teams by simply not scheduling any home games.

While the use of traveling teams has been sparing on the upper levels of professional sports in recent times, the National Football League had such road teams (such as the Hammond Pros, Oorang Indians, and Columbus Panhandles) in the formative years of the league.  Recently, such teams have been almost invariably associated with minor leagues.
Miya, Gifu
Miya (宮村, Miya-mura) was a village located in Ōno District, Gifu, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 2,661 and a population density of 51.28 persons per km2. The total area was 51.89 km2.

On February 1, 2005, Miya, along with the town of Kuguno, and the villages of Asahi, Kiyomi, Nyūkawa, Shōkawa and Takane (all from Ōno District), the town of Kokufu, and the village of Kamitakara (both from Yoshiki District), was merged into the expanded city of Takayama and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Takayama, Gifu
Takayama (高山市, Takayama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.ka(ꜜ).ja.ma, -ka.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2025, the city had an estimated population of 81,968 in 36,815 households, and a population density of 41 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 2,177.61 square kilometers (840.78 sq mi) making it the largest city by area in Japan. The high altitude and separation from other areas of Japan kept the area fairly isolated, allowing Takayama to develop its own culture over about a 300-year period.
Galpo Holeo Satti
Golpo Holeo Sotyi (Bengali: গল্প হলেও সত্যি) is a 1966 comedic Bengali film written and directed by Tapan Sinha. It stars Bhanu Banerjee,Jogesh Chatterjee, Bharati Devi, Chhaya Devi, Ajoy Ganguli, Rabi Ghosh, and Rudraprasad Sengupta. Later the film was remade in Hindi as Bawarchi (1972), in Tamil as Samayalkaaran (1974) and in Kannada twice as Sakala Kala Vallabha and No 73, Shanthi Nivasa (2007).

Throughout the years, the film has become immensely popular in Bengal and is often considered a cult classic in Bengali.

No 73, Shanthi Nivasa
No 73, Shanthi Nivasa is a 2007 Indian Kannada-language musical drama film directed by Sudeep, starring him, Anu Prabhakar, Deepa. The film background score and soundtrack were composed by Bharadwaj and Produced by Kiccha Creations. The film was released on 15 June 2007. This film is remake of 1972 Hindi film Bawarchi which itself was a remake of 1966 Bengali film Galpo Holeo Satti which was already remade in Kannada earlier as Sakala Kala Vallabha.
Gravesend Cricket Club
Gravesend Cricket Club is a cricket club located in Gravesend, serving the wider area of Gravesham, Kent. Established in 1881, the club is affiliated with Kent Cricket and the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). It provides opportunities for community engagement and participation in cricket through its youth and adult programmes.

Gravesend
Gravesend /ˌɡreɪvzˈɛnd/ is a town in northwest Kent, England, situated 21 miles (35 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross (central London) on the south bank of the River Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. Located in the Diocese of Rochester, it is the administrative centre of the borough of Gravesham. Gravesend marks the eastern limit of the Greater London Built-up Area, as defined by the UK Office for National Statistics. It had a population of 58,102 in 2021.

Its geographical situation has given Gravesend strategic importance throughout the maritime and communications history of South East England. A Thames Gateway commuter town, it retains strong links with the River Thames, not least through the Port of London Authority Pilot Station, and has witnessed rejuvenation since the advent of High Speed 1 rail services via Gravesend railway station. The station was recently refurbished and has a new bridge.
Hawthorn Mall
Hawthorn Mall (formerly Westfield Hawthorn) is a shopping mall in Vernon Hills, Illinois. It was developed by Urban Investment and Development Co, and anchor stores Sears and Marshall Field's (now Macy's) as part of New Century Town, a community with 5,000 condominiums and townhomes planned at the time. The mall features JCPenney and Macy's, in addition to a Dave & Buster's and a 12-screen AMC Theatres.

Vernon Hills, Illinois
Vernon Hills is a suburb north of Chicago, Illinois in Lake County, Illinois, United States. The population was 26,850 at the 2020 census. Vernon Hills serves as a retail hub for its surrounding area (Libertyville, Lake Forest, Mundelein, Long Grove, Lincolnshire and Buffalo Grove).
Transition metal carbyne complex
Transition metal carbyne complexes are organometallic compounds with a triple bond between carbon and the transition metal. This triple bond consists of a σ-bond and two π-bonds. The HOMO of the carbyne ligand interacts with the LUMO of the metal to create the σ-bond. The two π-bonds are formed when the two HOMO orbitals of the metal back-donate to the LUMO of the carbyne. They are also called metal alkylidynes—the carbon is a carbyne ligand. Such compounds are useful in organic synthesis of alkynes and nitriles. They have been the focus on much fundamental research.

Carbyne
In organic chemistry, a carbyne is a general term for any compound whose structure consists of an electrically neutral carbon atom connected by a single covalent bond and has three non-bonded electrons. The carbon atom has either one or three unpaired electrons, depending on its excitation state; making it a radical. The chemical formula can be written R−C· or R−C3· (also written as ⫶C−R), or just CH.

Carbynes can be seen as derivatives of the simplest such compound, the methylidyne radical or unsubstituted carbyne H−C· or H−C3·, in which the functional group is a hydrogen atom.