hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anglo-Persian War
The Anglo-Persian War, also known as  the Anglo-Iranian War (Persian: جنگ ایران و انگلستان, romanized: Jange Irân o Engelestan), was a war fought between the United Kingdom and Iran, which was ruled by the Qajar dynasty. The war had the British oppose an attempt by Iran to press its claim on the city of Herat. Though Herat had been conquered by Iran in 1856, it had declared itself independent under its own rebellious emir and placed itself under the protection of the British in India and in alliance with the Emirate of Afghanistan. The British campaign was successfully conducted under the leadership of Major General Sir James Outram in two theatres: on the southern coast of Iran near Bushehr and in southern Mesopotamia. The war resulted in the Iranians withdrawing from Herat in 1857 and signing the treaty of Paris to surrender their claims on the city in return for the British withdrawing from southern Iran.

John Malcolmson
John Grant Malcolmson, VC, MVO (9 February 1835 – 14 August 1902) was a Bengal Army officer and a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Dreiländereck (Basel)
The Dreiländereck is a monument in Basel, Switzerland. It marks the tripoint where the borders of France, Germany and Switzerland meet. The France–Germany border, the Germany–Switzerland border and France–Switzerland border meet there.

France–Switzerland border
The France–Switzerland border  is 572 km (355 mi) long. Its current path is mostly the product of the Congress of Vienna of 1815, with the accession of Geneva, Neuchâtel and Valais to the Swiss Confederation, but it has since been modified in detail, the last time being in 2002. Although most of the border, marked with border stones, is unguarded, several checkpoints remain staffed, most notably on busy roads.
Sümerbank
Sümerbank was a Turkish bank and industrial holding company established in 1933 and originally owned by the Turkish state, now part of Oyak Bank. On 11 January 2002, Oyak Bank acquired Sümerbank and the combined bank is now known under the Oyak Bank name.

ING (Turkey)
ING is the Turkish subsidiary of the ING Group, an international banking company. The bank was formerly known as Oyak Bank, which became part of ING Group in December 2007. It provides retail and commercial banking services to individuals and businesses in Turkey, together with related financial products such as insurance and asset management. It was a financial subsidiary of OYAK Holding (Turkish Armed Forces Pension Fund) between 1993 and 2007.
Renault Pars
Renault Pars (Persian: رنو پارس, Renou Pars, pronounced [ɾeˈnou ˈpɒːɾs]) is an Iranian joint venture established in 2004 and owned by Renault and Iran's Industrial Development Renovation Organisation (IDRO). The company is in charge of managing the assembly of CKD Renault cars by local manufacturers Iran Khodro and SAIPA's Pars Khodro.

Dacia Logan
The Dacia Logan is a family of automobiles produced and marketed jointly by the French manufacturer Renault and its Romanian subsidiary Dacia since mid-2004, and was the successor to the Dacia 1310 and Dacia Solenza. It has been produced as a sedan, station wagon, and as a pick-up. It has been manufactured at Dacia's automobile plant in Mioveni, Romania, and at Renault (or its partners') plants in Morocco, Argentina, Turkey, Russia, Colombia, Iran and India. The pick-up has also been produced at Nissan's plant in Rosslyn, South Africa.

It has also been marketed as the Renault Logan, Nissan Aprio, Mahindra Verito, Renault L90, Lada Largus (the MCV), Nissan NP200 (the pick-up), Renault Symbol (Mk3), Renault Taliant,  and as the Renault Tondar 90 depending on the existing presence or positioning of the Renault brand.

Since its launch, the Dacia Logan was estimated to have reached over 4 million sales worldwide as of 2018.
The Ghost and the Tout Too
The Ghost and the Tout Too is a 2021 film directed by Michael Akinrogunde and is a sequel to the 2018 film "The Ghost and the Tout" directed by Charles Uwagbai. The film features Toyin Abraham who plays lead but stars alongside notable veteran actors including Patience Ozokwo, Iyabo Ojo, Mercy Johnson-Okojie, Odunlade Adekola, Ini Edo, Ali Nuhu, Deyemi Okanlawon, Osas Ighodaro.

It was listed as one of the highest grossing Nigerian films in 2021.

The Ghost and the Tout
The Ghost and the Tout also known as Ghost and the Tout, is a 2018 Nigerian supernatural comedy film, written and directed by Charles Uwagbai. It stars Sambasa Nzeribe, Toyin Abraham, Rachael Okonkwo and Omowumi Dada in the lead roles. The film had its theatrical release in Nigeria on 11 May 2018 and received positive reviews from critics.

The film was a box office success, grossing ₦30 million within one week, and ranking as the fifth highest grossing Nigerian film in 2018. It ranks 25th on the overall list of highest-grossing films in Nigeria. The film is available for streaming on Netflix.
Daniel Gardelle
Daniel Gardelle (Geneva,  2 October 1679, in  – Geneva, 9 October 1753) was a Swiss miniature painter, best remembered for training Jean-Étienne Liotard and Pierre Soubeyran in miniature painting and engraving. He was the brother of Robert Gardelle.

Jean-Étienne Liotard
Jean-Étienne Liotard (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ etjɛn ljɔtaʁ]; 22 December 1702 – 12 June 1789) was a Genevan painter, pastellist, printmaker, art theorist and art dealer. Born in the Republic of Geneva as the son of exiled French Huguenots, he spent most of his career working in cities such as Rome, Istanbul, Paris, Vienna, London, Amsterdam and other cities. He is best known for his detailed, strikingly naturalistic portraits in pastel and Orientalist scenes of life in Turkey.  As an art theorist he wrote the Traité des Principes et règles de la Peinture (Treatise on the Principles and Rules of Painting) in which he argued that painting should to be a mirror of nature.
WWEN
WWEN (88.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Catholic religious format. Licensed to Wentworth, Wisconsin, United States, the station covers the Duluth-Superior area. The station is an owned and operated affiliate of Real Presence Radio.

Real Presence Radio
Real Presence Radio is a lay apostolate Catholic talk radio network in the United States, with stations and translators (low power re-broadcasters) in North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming covering five states and parts of two Canadian provinces. The network's headquarters and main studios are in Fargo, North Dakota. The network also carries some programming from the national EWTN Radio network.
Diocese of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi
The Diocese of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi (Latin: Dioecesis Melphictensis-Rubensis-Iuvenacensis-Terlitiensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church  in Apulia, southern Italy, which was established in 1986, when the diocese of Molfetta-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi was united with the diocese of Ruvo. Giovinazzo is only four miles south-east of Molfetta along the Adriatic coast, and Ruvo only ten miles inland to the south-west; Terlizzi is likewise only four miles from Molfetta, some four miles nearer than Ruvo. The historical diocese of Molfetta was expanded in 1818. The current diocese is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Terlizzi
The Diocese of Terlizzi (Latin: Dioecesis Terlitiensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese located in the town of Terlizzi the region of Apulia in southern Italy, in the province of Bari, lying to the west of the seaport of Bari on the Adriatic Sea. The diocese of Giovinazzo, which included the town (oppidum) of Terlizzi, was erected in the 11th century.
Greg Pak
Greg Pak is an American comic book writer and film director. He is best known for his work on books published by Marvel Comics, including X-Men (most notably X-Treme X-Men), several titles featuring the Hulk, and Hercules. In 2019, Pak began writing Star Wars comics for Marvel.

X-Men: Phoenix – Endsong
X-Men: Phoenix – Endsong is an American five-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics in 2005. It was written by Greg Pak with art by Greg Land.

Greg Pak said "The biggest new character is actually the Phoenix Force it/herself, whom we're exploring as a thinking, learning sentient creature with a big and terrifying and moving emotional arc of her own."
2023 Premier Volleyball League season
The 2023 Premier Volleyball League (PVL) season was the sixth season of the Premier Volleyball League. The season started on February 4, 2023 with the beginning of the 2023 First All-Filipino Conference and ended on December 16, 2023 with the conclusion of the 2023 Second All-Filipino Conference.

Premier Volleyball League
The Premier Volleyball League (PVL) is the top-level professional women's volleyball league in the Philippines organized by the Sports Vision Management Group, Inc. The PVL was established in 2004 as the inter-collegiate Shakey's V-League (SVL) until  it rebranded to the current entity in 2017. Prior to becoming a full-fledged professional league in 2021, the PVL was open to participation of corporate owned semi-professional clubs and non-collegiate teams backed by local governments.

The PVL previously operated men's and collegiate divisions before they were spun-off into Spikers' Turf and the V-League, respectively, both are also operated by Sports Vision.

The Creamline Cool Smashers are the most successful team with ten titles, which included the league's only Grand Slam in the 2024 season.
Demi-culverin
The demi-culverin was a medium cannon similar to but slightly larger than a saker and smaller than a regular culverin developed in the late 16th century. Barrels of demi-culverins were typically about 11 feet (3.4 m) long, had a calibre of 4 inches (10 cm) and could weigh up to 3,400 pounds (1,500 kg). The gun required 6 pounds (2.7 kg) of black powder to fire an 8-pound (3.6 kg) round shot (though there were heavier variants firing 9-pound (4.1 kg) or 10-pound (4.5 kg) round shot). The demi-culverin had an effective range of 1,800 feet (550 m).

Demi-culverins were valued by generals for their range, accuracy and effectiveness. They were often used in sieges for wall and building demolition.

Culverin
A culverin was initially an ancestor of the hand-held arquebus, but the term was later used to describe a type of medieval and Renaissance cannon. The word is derived from the antiquated "culuering" and the French couleuvrine (from couleuvre "grass snake", following Latin: colubrinus, lit. 'of the nature of a snake').  From its origin as a hand-held weapon it was adapted for use as artillery by the French in the 15th century and for naval use by the English in the 16th century. The culverin as an artillery piece had a long smoothbore gun barrel with a relatively long range and flat trajectory, using solid round shot projectiles with high muzzle velocity.
Curious George Learns the Alphabet
Curious George Learns the Alphabet is a children's book written and illustrated by Margret Rey and H. A. Rey and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1963. It is the sixth book in the original Curious George series.

Curious George
Curious George is a fictional monkey who is the title character of a series of popular children's picture books written and illustrated by Margret and H. A. Rey. Various media, including films and TV shows, have been based upon the original book series.

George is described as "a good little monkey, and always very curious". In the first book, George is caught by "The Man with the Yellow Hat" and taken from Africa to America where the two live together. George and the Man with the Yellow Hat become good friends.

George's first appearance was as a monkey named "Fifi" in the book Cecily G. and the Nine Monkeys, which was first published in France during 1939 in the late years. The popularity of the character led the Reys to feature "George" in his own series.
1978 NSL Cup
The 1978 NSL Cup was the second edition of the NSL Cup, which was the main national association football knockout cup competition in Australia. The competition was known as the Philips Cup under a sponsorship arrangement with Dutch company Philips.

Defending champions Brisbane City defeated Adelaide City 2–1 in the final to win their second and back-to-back NSL Cup title.

1978 NSL Cup final
The 1978 NSL Cup final was the second NSL Cup Final, the final match of the 1978 NSL Cup. It was played at Perry Park in Brisbane, Australia, on 8 October 1978, contested by Brisbane City and Adelaide City. Brisbane won the match 2–1.
Jeff Waters
Jeff Waters (born February 13, 1966) is a Canadian guitarist and the founder, bandleader and producer of the metal band Annihilator. He was born in Ontario and resides in the UK. Waters has owned Watersound Studios since 1994 (where it was in Maple Ridge, British Columbia) and from 2003 until 2018, in Ottawa, Ontario, and now in the UK.

Many consider him to be among the best thrash metal guitarists.

Metal (Annihilator album)
Metal is the twelfth album by Canadian heavy metal band Annihilator, released on April 16, 2007, by SPV/Steamhammer. However, it wasn't released in the United States until January 15, 2008. The album includes several special guests who each contribute to separate tracks. This includes Danko Jones, Angela Gossow, Steve "Lips" Kudlow, Alexi Laiho, Anders Björler, Michael Amott, Jesper Strömblad, Corey Beaulieu, Jacob Lynam and William Adler.

A re-recording of the album titled Metal II was released in 2022.
St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church
St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church is a historic Catholic church in The Village section of Jersey City. It is best known for its former school and its boys' basketball program coached by Bob Hurley, Sr.

St. Anthony High School (New Jersey)
St. Anthony High School was a four-year co-educational Catholic high school in Jersey City, New Jersey, that was known for its high-powered basketball program coached by Bob Hurley Sr. The school closed in 2017.

It operated under the supervision of the Archdiocese of Newark and was affiliated for much of its history with St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church, which owns the building. The school had been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1997.
Smolny Institute of Noble Maidens
The Smolny Institute of Noble Maidens of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Смольный институт благородных девиц Санкт-Петербурга) was the first women's educational institution in Russia that laid the foundation for women's education in the country. It was Europe's first public educational institution for girls.

Natalya Borshchova
Natalya Semyonovna Borshchova (9 August 1758 – 31 October 1843), was a Russian courtier. She graduated from the Smolny Institute of Noble Maidens. She served as lady in waiting to grand duchess Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg), and was a cavalier lady of the Order of Saint Catherine (as of 15 April 1841). She was a favorite of Maria, accompanied her to France in 1782, and known at court as a talented amateur actress.
Chris Stout
Chris Stout (born 1976) is a Scottish fiddle/violin player from Shetland, now based in Glasgow. Stout grew up in Fair Isle and lived there until 8 years of age before moving to Sandwick on the Shetland Mainland, then on to Glasgow in the 1990s.

Stout has studied under prominent Shetland fiddlers including Willie Hunter and Arthur Scott Robertson and is adept at a variety of violin styles, drawing on a range of influences from folk, jazz, electronica and classical.

In 1990 he won both the Shetland "Young Fiddler of the Year" competition for his skills as a traditional fiddle player and the Shetland "Young Musician of the Year" competition for his classical violin abilities.

In 2015, Hirda, A New Opera for Shetland, co-composed with Irish composer, Gareth Williams and produced by NOISE, toured Shetland and performed in Glasgow and Edinburgh

Young Fiddler of the Year
Shetland's Young Fiddler of the Year is an annual competition held over two days, organised by the Shetland Folk Society.

It is open to fiddle players aged 16 or under from Shetland, with around 80 entrants each year. The highest number of entries received was 110 in 2014.
There are two main categories, 'Open' encompassing all styles and 'Traditional' focussing on the traditional Shetland style. Each category has junior, intermediate, and senior sections.
Dan Collins (journalist)
Daniel Joseph Collins (November 11, 1943 – July 9, 2024) was an American journalist and author. He was senior producer for CBS News.com. Collins was also a New York correspondent for U.S. News & World Report and a reporter for the New York Daily News.

Gail Collins
Gail Collins (born November 25, 1945) is an American journalist, op-ed columnist and author, most recognized for her work with The New York Times. Joining the Times in 1995 as a member of the editorial board, she served as the paper's Editorial Page Editor from 2001 to 2007 and was the first woman to attain that position.

During her tenure at the Times, Collins authored a weekly op-ed column from her liberal perspective. Starting in 2014, she also co-wrote a blog with the conservative columnist Bret Stephens called "The Conversation," featuring bi-partisan political commentary. In 2025, Collins stepped away from her role as a weekly columnist, though she continues to publish in the Times as a contributing writer.
Filtration fraction
In renal physiology, the filtration fraction is the ratio of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over the renal plasma flow (RPF).

The filtration fraction equation is:

.

The filtration fraction, therefore, represents the proportion of the fluid reaching the kidneys that passes into the renal tubules.  It is normally about 20%.

GFR on its own is the most common and important measure of renal function. However, in conditions such as renal artery stenosis, blood flow to the kidneys is reduced. Filtration fraction must therefore be increased in order to perform the normal functions of the kidney. Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics decrease filtration fraction.

Catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) increase filtration fraction by vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent arterioles, possibly through activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

Severe hemorrhage will also result in an increased filtration fraction.

Assessment of kidney function
Assessment of kidney function occurs in different ways, using the presence of symptoms and signs, as well as measurements using urine tests, blood tests, and medical imaging.

Functions of a healthy kidney include maintaining a person's  fluid balance, maintaining an acid-base balance; regulating sodium and other electrolytes; clearing toxins; regulating blood pressure; and regulating hormones, such as erythropoietin; and activation of vitamin D. The kidney is also involved in maintaining blood pH balance.
Andrzej Dostatni
Andrzej Dostatni (Polish pronunciation: [ˈandʐɛj dɔˈstatɲi]; born 9 December 1966) is a Polish former competitive ice dancer. With Honorata Górna, he became a three-time Polish national champion and competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics. With Małgorzata Grajcar, he is the 1990 Skate Canada International bronze medalist and a three-time Polish national champion. They finished in the top ten at the 1989 and 1990 European Championships.

Małgorzata Grajcar
Małgorzata Grajcar-Cieślak (Polish pronunciation: [mawɡɔˈʐata ˈɡrajt͡sar ˈt͡ɕɛɕlak]) is a Polish former competitive ice dancer. With former partner Andrzej Dostatni, she is the 1990 Skate Canada International bronze medalist and a three-time Polish national champion. They finished in the top ten at the 1989 and 1990 European Championships.
Llandudno Amateurs (2017) F.C.
Llandudno Amateurs F.C. are a Welsh football club from Llandudno, Conwy County Borough, North Wales. They play at Maesdu Park, which is also the home of Llandudno F.C., and are  members of the North Wales Coast East Premier Division.

Llandudno
Llandudno (/lænˈdɪdnoʊ/, Welsh: [ɬanˈdɨdnɔ] ⓘ) is a seaside resort, town and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales, located on the Creuddyn peninsula, which protrudes into the Irish Sea. In the 2021 UK census, the community – which includes Gogarth, Penrhyn Bay, Craigside, Glanwydden, Penrhynside, and Bryn Pydew – had a population of 19,700 (rounded to the nearest 100). The town's name means "Church of Saint Tudno".

Llandudno is a major seaside resort in Wales, and as early as 1861 was being called 'the Queen of the Welsh Watering Places' (a phrase later also used in connection with Tenby and Aberystwyth; the word 'resort' came a little later). Historically a part of Caernarfonshire, Llandudno was formerly in the district of Aberconwy within Gwynedd until 1996.
Recall (memory)
Recall in memory refers to the mental process of retrieving information from the past. Along with encoding and storage, it is one of the three core processes of memory. There are three main types of recall: free recall, cued recall and serial recall. Psychologists test these forms of recall as a way to study the memory processes of humans and animals.
Two main theories of the process of recall are the two-stage theory and the theory of encoding specificity.

Storage (memory)
In mental memory, storage is one of three fundamental stages along with encoding and retrieval. Memory is the process of storing and recalling information that was previously acquired. Storing refers to the process of placing newly acquired information into memory, which is modified in the brain for easier storage. Encoding this information makes the process of retrieval easier for the brain where it can be recalled and brought into conscious thinking. Modern memory psychology differentiates between the two distinct types of memory storage: short-term memory and long-term memory. Several models of memory have been proposed over the past century, some of them suggesting different relationships between short- and long-term memory to account for different ways of storing memory.
Giorgian de Arrascaeta
Giorgian Daniel de Arrascaeta Benedetti (born 1 June 1994) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder  for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Flamengo and the Uruguay national team.

Arrascaeta played for Uruguay U20 and has been a member of the senior team since 2014. He represented the nation at the Copa América in 2015, 2019, 2021 and 2024, as well as the FIFA World Cup in 2018 and 2022.

2022 Copa do Brasil
The 2022 Copa do Brasil (officially the Copa Intelbras do Brasil 2022 for sponsorship reasons) was the 34th edition of the Copa do Brasil football competition. It was held between 22 February and 19 October 2022.

The competition was contested by 92 teams, either qualified by participating in their respective state championships (70), by the 2022 CBF ranking (10), by the 2021 Copa do Nordeste (1), by the 2021 Copa Verde (1), by the 2021 Série B (1) or those qualified for 2022 Copa Libertadores (9). Atlético Mineiro were the defending champions but they were eliminated in the Round of 16.

Tied 1–1 on aggregate, Flamengo defeated Corinthians 6–5 on penalties in the finals to win their fourth title. As champions, Flamengo qualified for the 2023 Copa Libertadores group stage and 2023 Supercopa do Brasil.

Giorgian de Arrascaeta (Flamengo) and Cássio (Corinthians) won best player and best goalkeeper awards, respectively.
Aldreth
Aldreth is a hamlet in Cambridgeshire with about 260 residents (2001 census). It is located near the larger village of Haddenham (where the population is listed) and falls under the same Parish council. Aldreth is surrounded by fenland on all sides and is close to the River Great Ouse.

Haddenham, Cambridgeshire
Haddenham is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 3,228. The 2011 census reported a population of 3,344, a figure which includes the hamlet of Aldreth.