hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alcibiades of Apamea
Alcibiades of Apamea (fl. 230) was a Jewish Christian member of, or possibly even founder of, the Elcesaites. Of the several cities called Apamea it is Apamea in Syria which is intended. He is known only from the accounts of Hippolytus of Rome in his Refutations (Refutatio omnium haeresium, Book 10 ch. 9–13), where he follows on from Hippolytus' attacks on Pope Callixtus I:

Hippolytus 10.9

Elcesaites
The Elcesaites, Elkasaites, Elkesaites or Elchasaites were an ancient Jewish Christian sect in Lower Mesopotamia, then the province of Asoristan in the Sasanian Empire that was active between the early second century and the fifth century CE. The members of this sect, which originated in the Transjordan, performed frequent baptisms for purification and had a Gnostic orientation.: 123

The movement blended elements of Second Temple Judaism, early Jewish Christianity, Gnosticism, and apocalyptic mysticism, and it is primarily known through the writings of early Church Fathers such as Hippolytus of Rome, Origen, and Epiphanius of Salamis.

The name of the sect derives from the alleged founder, Elkhasaí (Koine Greek: Ἠλχασαΐ in Hippolytus), Elksai (Ἠλξαί in Epiphanius), or Elkesai (Ελκεσαΐ in Eusebius, and Theodoret).
Sodium hypophosphite
Sodium hypophosphite (NaPO2H2, also known as sodium phosphinate) is the sodium salt of hypophosphorous acid and is often encountered as the monohydrate, NaPO2H2·H2O. It is a solid at room temperature, appearing as odorless white crystals. It is soluble in water, and easily absorbs moisture from the air.

Sodium hypophosphite should be kept in a cool, dry place, isolated from oxidizing materials. It decomposes into phosphine which is irritating to the respiratory tract and disodium phosphate.

2 NaH2PO2 → PH3 + Na2HPO4

Hypophosphorous acid
Hypophosphorous acid (HPA), or phosphinic acid, is a phosphorus oxyacid and a powerful reducing agent with molecular formula H3PO2. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane  
and alcohols.  The formula for this acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2, which highlights its monoprotic character.  Salts derived from this acid are called hypophosphites.

HOP(O)H2 exists in equilibrium with the minor tautomer HP(OH)2.  Sometimes the minor tautomer is called hypophosphorous acid and the major tautomer is called phosphinic acid.
INT (chemical)
INT  (iodonitrotetrazolium or 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium) is a commonly used tetrazolium salt (usually prepared with chloride ions), similar to tetrazolium chloride that on reduction produces a red formazan dye that can be used for quantitative redox assays. It is also toxic to prokaryotes.

INT is an artificial electron acceptor that can be utilized in a colorimetric assay to determine the concentration of protein in a solution. It can be reduced by succinate dehydrogenase to furazan, the formation of which can be measured by absorbance at 490 nm. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase is readily observed by the naked eye as the solution turns from colorless to rusty red.

Formazan
The formazans are compounds of the general formula [R−N=N−C(R')=N−NH−R"], formally derivatives of formazan [H2NN−CHN=NH], unknown in free form.

Formazan dyes are artificial chromogenic products obtained by reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenases and reductases. They have a variety of colors from dark blue to deep red to orange, depending on the original tetrazolium salt used as the substrate for the reaction.
Frazier Robinson
Henry Frazier Robinson (May 30, 1910 – October 13, 1997), nicknamed "Slow", was an American Negro league catcher for the Kansas City Monarchs, New York Black Yankees, and Baltimore Elite Giants between 1942 and 1950.

A native of Birmingham, Alabama, Robinson was the brother of fellow Negro leaguer Norman Robinson, and served in the US Navy during World War II. Robinson died in Kings Mountain, North Carolina in 1997 at age 87.

Norman Robinson (baseball)
Norman Wayne Robinson (April 1, 1913 – March 26, 1984) was an American Negro league outfielder for the Baltimore Elite Giants and Birmingham Black Barons between 1940 and 1952.

A native of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Robinson was the brother of fellow Negro leaguer Frazier Robinson, and played for Birmingham in the 1948 Negro World Series. He died in Pacoima, California in 1984 at age 70.
Institute, West Virginia
Institute is an unincorporated community on the Kanawha River in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Interstate 64 and West Virginia Route 25 pass by the community, which has grown to intermingle with nearby Dunbar. As of 2018, the community had a population of 1,489, 54% of whom were African American.

The town was founded by a formerly enslaved woman, Mary Barnes. Institute is home to West Virginia State University (formerly the West Virginia Colored Institute and the source of the town's toponym) and the West Virginia State Police Academy. Its economy includes several major industrial plants, which have had a number of environmental incidents polluting the local community.

West Virginia State Police Academy
The West Virginia State Police Academy is a law enforcement training institution, operated by the West Virginia State Police, located in Institute, West Virginia. The academy trains West Virginia troopers for the State Police force and newly hired municipal, university police officers, sheriff deputies, motor carrier enforcement and conservation officers from across the state. It and the Fairmont State University Police Academy in Fairmont, West Virginia are the only law enforcement training schools in West Virginia.

The State Police Academy, founded by (Ret.) Captain Charles Ray, held its first training class in 1953. The school sits on 24 acres (97,000 m2) of land.
Perry, Georgia
Perry is a city in Houston and Peach counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Houston County. As of the 2020 census, Perry had a population of 20,624. An estimate in 2019 put the population at 17,894. It is part of the Warner Robins, Georgia metropolitan statistical area, within the Macon–Bibb County–Warner Robins combined statistical area.

Perry is best known as the location of the annual Georgia National Fair.

Sam Nunn
Samuel Augustus Nunn Jr. (born September 8, 1938) is an American politician who served as a United States senator from Georgia (1972–1997) as a member of the Democratic Party.

In the Senate, Nunn was involved in the Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program, which aims to dismantle weapons of mass destruction, originally in the former Soviet Union. Nunn was also involved in the Goldwater–Nichols Act, which reformed the Department of Defense.

After leaving Congress, Nunn co-founded the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), a nonprofit, nonpartisan global security organization focused on reducing nuclear, biological, and emerging technology threats imperiling humanity, for which he is the co-chair. His political experience and credentials on national defense reportedly earned him consideration as a potential running mate for presidential candidates John Kerry and Barack Obama after they became their party's nominees.
Hudson River Valley Institute
The Hudson River Valley Institute is a center for regional studies of the Hudson Valley of New York State.  It is an academic extension of Marist College in Poughkeepsie, New York.

The academic institution provides internships for Marist history majors and contributes to local happenings, such as the Walkway Over the Hudson and the Mount Beacon Inclined Railway Restoration Society.  Furthermore, they oversee Marist's publication of the Hudson River Valley Review, a journal of regional studies featuring historical research on the Hudson River Valley.

Marist University
Marist University (formerly Marist College before 2025) is a private university in Poughkeepsie Town, New York, United States. Marist was founded by the Marist Brothers, a Catholic religious institute, in 1905 to prepare brothers for their vocations as educators. In 1929, Marist became accredited by the state to offer a wider range of degrees in the arts and sciences. Marist's 180-acre main campus overlooks the Hudson River. Marist has a branch campus in Florence, Italy. A member of NCAA Division I, Marist sponsors 23 collegiate sports. In 2003 the Catholic Church declared Marist a secular institution.
Goran Bošković (basketball)
Goran Bošković (born 21 January 1972) is a Montenegrin professional basketball coach and former player, who last served as an assistant coach for Panathinaikos of the Greek Basket League and the EuroLeague.

2015–16 MŽRKL
MŽRKL League for the season 2015–16 was the fifteenth season of the Adriatic League. Competition included eleven teams from six countries. In this season participating clubs from Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and from Macedonia. MŽRKL League for the season 2015–16 has begun to play 8 October 2015. and ended on 10 February 2016, when he it was completed a League 6. Final Four to be played from 12 to 13 March 2016.
Transport in Kazakhstan
The vast territory of Kazakhstan spans across 2,700,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi). The population density is low in Kazakhstan, and the centers of industry and agriculture are spread out and remote from world markets.

Khorgos
Khorgos (from Russian: Хоргос; Chinese: 霍尔果斯), officially known as Korgas (Kazakh: قورعاس; Uyghur: قورغاس), is a county-level city in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It straddles the country's border with Kazakhstan; on the Kazakh side of the border is a city also named Horgos in Russian and Korgas in Kazakh.

Khorgos area is a hub of the New Eurasian Land Bridge, 200 km from the Alataw Pass, the historically important Dzungarian Gate, with a cross-border visa-free special economic zone for trade and shopping (ICBC), a dry port for transporting goods and two new cities, one on either side of the border.: 24
Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955 – the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person – to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling Browder v. Gayle, a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional, took effect.

Jo Ann Robinson
Jo Ann Gibson Robinson (April 17, 1912 – August 29, 1992) was an activist during the Civil Rights Movement and educator in Montgomery, Alabama. Robinson is recognized mainly from her key role in the planning around the formation of the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Draft horse showing
Draft horse showing (UK and Commonwealth; draught horse, dray horse or carthorse) refers to horse shows exclusively for horses of the draft horse breeds. In North America the term "Draft horse showing" refers to a specific horse show competition with the competitors driving their horses under harness.

Draft horse shows are different from draft horse pulling competitions, where teams of horses compete to determine who can pull the most weight.

Worldwide, some draft horse shows also feature riding classes, as do a small number of North American shows.

The driving events at these competitions are somewhat akin to fine harness classes at horse shows for light horses, though the four horse and larger hitch classes also resemble some aspects of carriage driving.

Driving (horse)
Driving is the practice of guiding a horse or other draft animal in harness to pull a load. Horses may draw vehicles such as wagons, carts, carriages, coaches, and sleighs, as well as farm implements or other equipment. They are driven for transportation, ceremonial and tourist uses, pleasure, sport, and a variety of working tasks including logging, plowing, and towing boats. Training for driving often begins with ground driving, in which a handler works the animal from behind or alongside.
RJC Car of the Year
The Automotive Researchers' and Journalists' Conference of Japan, also known as (RJC), is a non-profit organization established in 1990, consisting of Japan-based automotive critics and journalists.

The RJC holds a yearly conference, where they bestow awards regarding:

Person of the Year (related to the automotive world)

Technology of the Year

Car of the Year (Japanese-made)

Import Car of the Year (since 2001)

RJC Car of the Year is one of the prominent Japanese automobile awards, the other being Japan Car of the Year.

Car of the Year
Car of the Year (COTY) is a common abbreviation for numerous automotive awards.

The "Car of the Year" phrase is considered to have been introduced by Motor Trend magazine in 1949 when the new publication named Cadillac as Motor Trend Car of the Year.

Other publications and various organizations also have developed COTY recognitions. The Australian automobile magazine Wheels began an award in 1963.

In 1964, a jury of European automotive journalists began selecting the European Car of the Year award.

Many COTY awards focus on regional markets, vehicle types, or market segments. An example is the "tow car of the year" in the UK (for pulling travel trailers). or the COTY AJAC award in Canada.
Pete O'Brien (first baseman)
Peter Michael "Pete" O'Brien (born February 9, 1958) is a former first baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the Texas Rangers (1982–88), Cleveland Indians (1989), and Seattle Mariners (1990–93). He batted and threw left-handed.

1989 Cleveland Indians season
The 1989 Cleveland Indians season was their 89th season in the American League. For the third consecutive season, the Indians had a losing record. The Indians had at least 73 wins for the second consecutive season.
Quadrantanopia
Quadrantanopia, quadrantanopsia,  refers to an anopia (loss of vision) affecting a quarter of the visual field.

It can be associated with a lesion of an optic radiation. While quadrantanopia can be caused by lesions in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, it is most commonly associated with lesions in the occipital lobe.

Anopsia
An anopsia, or anopia, (from Ancient Greek  ἀν- (an-) 'without' and  ὄψις (opsis) 'sight') is a defect in the visual field. If the defect is only partial, then the portion of the field with the defect can be used to isolate the underlying cause. It is particularly used to describe the lack of sight in one eye.
EHC Biel-Bienne
EHC Biel-Bienne is a professional ice hockey club based in Biel/Bienne, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. Since the city of Biel is bilingual, alongside the German name EHC Biel (abbreviated as EHCB) the team also has a French name, HC Bienne (abbreviated as HCB). The team plays its home games in the 6,521-seat Tissot Arena.

Tissot Arena
Tissot Arena is a combined multi-purpose stadium and arena in Biel/Bienne, Canton of Bern, Switzerland. It consists of a football stadium, an ice hockey arena, an outdoor ice skating rink and a curling hall. It is currently used by Swiss Promotion League football club, FC Biel-Bienne and National League A ice hockey club, EHC Biel.
Neofit Peak
Neofit Peak (Bulgarian: връх Неофит, romanized: vrah Neofit, IPA: [ˈvrɤx nɛˈɔfit]) is an ice-covered peak rising to 1657 m in Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Situated 1.12 km south-southwest of Slaveykov Peak, 3.1 km southwest of the summit Mount Foster, 2.38 km northeast of Riggs Peak and 10.98 km northeast of Cape James.  Overlooking Gramada Glacier to the south, and Armira Glacier to the east and southeast.  Bulgarian early mapping in 2009.  Named after the Bulgarian monk, scholar and artist Neofit Rilski (1793–1881) who translated the Bible into modern Bulgarian language.

63°01′08.5″S 62°35′03″W﻿ / ﻿63.019028°S 62.58417°W﻿ / -63.019028; -62.58417

Neofit Rilski
Neofit Rilski (Bulgarian: Неофит Рилски) or Neophyte of Rila (born Nikola Poppetrov Benin; 1793 – January 4, 1881) was a 19th-century Bulgarian monk, teacher and artist, and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival.
Directorate of Criminal Investigation and Interpol
The Directorate of Criminal Investigation and Interpol Spanish: Dirección de Investigación Criminal e Interpol (DICI), formerly the Central Directorate of the Judicial Police and Intelligence (Spanish: Dirección Central de Policía Judicial e Inteligencia, DIJIN) is a Directorate of the Colombian National Police in charge of judicial and certain intelligence tasks.

National Police of Colombia
The National Police of Colombia (Spanish: Policía Nacional de Colombia) is the national police force of the Republic of Colombia. It is controlled by the Ministry of Defense, and is the only civilian police force in Colombia.

The force's official responsibilities are to protect the Colombian nation, enforce the law by constitutional mandate, maintain and guarantee the necessary conditions for public freedoms and rights and to ensure peaceful cohabitation among the population.
Plaxico Burress
Plaxico Antonio Burress (born August 12, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans, and was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers with the eighth overall pick in the 2000 NFL draft. He also played for the New York Giants and the New York Jets, and caught the game-winning touchdown in Super Bowl XLII as the Giants beat the then-undefeated New England Patriots.

Totowa, New Jersey
Totowa (/ˈtoʊtəwə/ ⓘ) is a borough in Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 11,065, an increase of 261 (+2.4%) from the 2010 census count of 10,804, which in turn reflected an increase of 912 (+9.2%) from the 9,892 counted in the 2000 census.

Totowa was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1898, from portions of Wayne Township and the now-defunct Manchester Township.
Massacre of Lwów professors
In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine) along with 25 of their family members were killed by Nazi German occupation forces and Ukrainian auxiliaries. By targeting prominent citizens and intellectuals for elimination, the Nazis hoped to prevent anti-Nazi activity and to weaken the resolve of the Polish resistance movement. According to an eyewitness the executions were carried out by an Einsatzgruppe unit (German: Einsatzkommando zur besonderen Verwendung) under the command of Karl Eberhard Schöngarth with the participation of Ukrainian translators in German uniforms.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Eopsaltria
Eopsaltria is a genus of small forest passerines known in Australia as the yellow robins. They belong to the Australasian robin family Petroicidae. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek for "dawn singer/song" because of their dawn chorus. They are inquisitive and bold birds, and have been reported perching on the shoulders or boots of people in the bush. Open eucalyptus woodlands are their preferred habitat. The ornithologist John Gould likened the behaviour and mannerisms of the eastern and western yellow robin to those of the European robin. The name "yellow robin" itself was applied to the eastern yellow robin by the early settlers of New South Wales.

Australasian robin
The bird family Petroicidae includes 51 species in 19 genera. All are endemic to Australasia: New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and numerous Pacific Islands as far east as Samoa. For want of an accurate common name, the family is often called the Australasian robins. 
Within the family species are known variously as robins, scrub-robins and flyrobins. They are only distantly related to the European robin of Europe, north Africa and western Asia, a member of family Muscicapidae.
Endovascular coiling
Endovascular coiling is an endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms and bleeding throughout the body. The procedure reduces blood circulation to an aneurysm or blood vessel through the implantation of detachable platinum wires, with the clinician inserting one or more into the blood vessel or aneurysm until it is determined that blood flow is no longer occurring within the space. It is one of two main treatments for cerebral  aneurysms, the other being surgical clipping.

Interventional neuroradiology
Interventional neuroradiology (INR)  also known as neurointerventional surgery (NIS), endovascular therapy (EVT), endovascular neurosurgery, and interventional neurology is a medical subspecialty of  neurosurgery, neuroradiology, intervention radiology and neurology specializing in minimally invasive image-based technologies and procedures used in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the head, neck, and spine.
The Mists of Avalon (miniseries)
The Mists of Avalon is a 2001 television miniseries based on the 1983 novel of the same title by Marion Zimmer Bradley. The series, produced by American cable channel TNT, adapted by Gavin Scott, and directed by Uli Edel, retells the Arthurian legend from the perspectives of Morgan le Fay and other women in the tale. The first episode was the highest-rated original film on basic cable in the summer of 2001.

Lady of the Lake
The Lady of the Lake (French: Dame du Lac, Demoiselle du Lac) is a title used by multiple characters in the Matter of Britain, the body of medieval literature and mythology associated with the legend of King Arthur. As either actually fairy or fairy-like yet human enchantresses, they play important roles in various stories, notably by providing Arthur with the sword Excalibur, eliminating the wizard Merlin, raising the knight Lancelot after the death of his father, and helping to take the dying Arthur to Avalon after his final battle. Different Ladies of the Lake appear concurrently as separate characters in some versions of the legend since at least the Post-Vulgate Cycle and consequently the seminal Le Morte d'Arthur, with the latter describing them as members of a hierarchical group, while some texts also give this title to either Morgan or her sister.
Hiroyo Matsumoto
Hiroyo Matsumoto (松本 浩代, Matsumoto Hiroyo; born November 6, 1985) is a Japanese professional wrestler, currently working as a freelancer. Emi Sakura gave her the nickname of Lady Destroyer (破壊する女, Hakai Suru Onna) because Matsumoto broke a wall in the Ichigaya arena during her Ice Ribbon debut. She is best known with other wrestling promotions such as Oz Academy and Seadlinnng. She graduated from Hiratsuka Konan High School in the Kanagawa Prefecture.

Oz Academy Openweight Championship
The Oz Academy Openweight Championship is a women's professional wrestling championship owned by the Oz Academy promotion. The reigning champion is referred to as the "Wizard of Oz". The championship, which is situated at the top of Oz Academy's championship hierarchy, was introduced on March 10, 2007, when Aja Kong defeated Chikayo Nagashima in the finals of a tournament to become the inaugural champion.