hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meriwether Lewis
Meriwether Lewis (August 18, 1774 – October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark.
Their mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase, establish trade with, and sovereignty over the natives near the Missouri River, and claim the Pacific Northwest and Oregon Country for the United States before European nations. They also collected scientific data and information on indigenous nations. President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1806. He died in 1809 of gunshot wounds, in what was either a murder or suicide.

Grinder's Stand
Grinder's Stand was a stand, or inn, located on the Natchez Trace.  A replica can be visited today at the Meriwether Lewis Park, located on the Natchez Trace Parkway in Lewis County, Tennessee, south of Nashville, southwest of Columbia, and east of Hohenwald, Tennessee. This is where Meriwether Lewis died, by suicide (as suspected by his friend and colleague, Thomas Jefferson) or homicide (as suspected by his family).
2009 NHL entry draft
The 2009 NHL entry draft was the 47th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 26–27, 2009, at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec. The Draft was part of the Montreal Canadiens' centennial celebrations. NHL teams took turns selecting amateur ice hockey players from junior, collegiate, or European leagues. The New York Islanders, who finished last overall in the 2008–09 NHL season, retained the first overall selection following that year's NHL Draft lottery.

The New York Islanders used the first overall pick to select center John Tavares from the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). The Tampa Bay Lightning used the second pick to draft defenceman Victor Hedman from Modo Hockey of the SEL, and the Colorado Avalanche drafted Matt Duchene of the Brampton Battalion with the third overall pick. Seven Swedes were selected in the first round, an all-time record for the country.

As of 2025 there are 32 active NHL players from this draft.

Montreal Canadiens centennial
The Montreal Canadiens centennial was celebrated by the Montreal Canadiens ice hockey team during its 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons, commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the founding of the National Hockey League's most successful club. The 2009 NHL All-Star Game was played at Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec as part of the celebrations, and the 2009 NHL entry draft was held there in late June.

On April 5, 2008, the logo for the 2009 NHL All-Star Game was unveiled in Montreal.
Pennyfuir Cemetery
Pennyfuir Cemetery is a cemetery in Oban, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It was established in the 19th century.

The cemetery contains 23 graves from the First World War and 58 from the Second World War. Four of the Second World War graves are of airmen who died in the Dunbeath air crash which killed Prince George, Duke of Kent, on 25 August 1942. In the centre of the war cemetery stands the Cross of Sacrifice, constructed from white Portland stone.

Oban
Oban (/ˈoʊbən/ ⓘ OH-bən; Scottish Gaelic: An t-Òban [ən̪ˠ ˈt̪ɔːpan] meaning The Little Bay) is a resort town within the Argyll and Bute council area of Scotland. Despite its small size, it is the largest town between Helensburgh and Fort William. During the tourist season, the town can have a temporary population of up to over 24,000 people. Oban occupies a setting in the Firth of Lorn. The bay forms a near perfect horseshoe, protected by the island of Kerrera; and beyond Kerrera, the Isle of Mull. To the north are the long low island of Lismore and the mountains of Morvern and Ardgour.
Didinga Hills
The Didinga Hills are an upland area in Eastern Equatoria of South Sudan, lying mainly within Budi County.

The Nakodok, Narus and Loyoro rivers originate in the east of Didinga Hills, flowing eastward into Greater Kapoeta and discharging into the swampy area northeast of Narua. The rivers flood during the rainy season, but ceases to flow at other times.
In the dry season the Toposa from Greater Kapoeta would drive their cattle to the Didinga Hills for water and pasture until the rains began in Toposa land. In the past, this practice was carried out by agreement between the two communities, with a gift being made in exchange for the right to access the pasturage. With the proliferation of guns and breakdown of order during the civil war, the traditional protocols were ignored and violence became common.

The village of Chukudum lies at the base of the Didinga Mountains, which are often shrouded in clouds, in spectacularly beautiful country. It is accessible only by a rough track.

Narus River, Kapoeta
The Narus River originates in the east of the Didinga Hills in the erstwhile Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan.  It flows eastward and discharges into the swampy area northeast of Narus. The river floods during the rainy season, but ceases to flow at other times.
Gold has reportedly been panned in the river bed, probably washed down from the Didinga Hills.
During the rainy season, the river virtually cuts the town of Narus in two as the riverbed fills and sometimes floods. 
The small market area is also cut into two halves, one on each side of the riverbed.
Shenington
Shenington is a village in the civil parish of Shenington with Alkerton, in the Cherwell district of Oxfordshire, England. It is about 5 miles (8 km) west of Banbury. Shenington was an exclave of Gloucestershire until 1844, when it was transferred to Oxfordshire. Shenington is on Oxfordshire's boundary with Warwickshire.

Shenington with Alkerton
Shenington with Alkerton is a civil parish in the Cherwell district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. It comprises the village of Shenington, which was an exclave of Gloucestershire until the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 transferred it to Oxfordshire (grid reference SP370425) and the village of Alkerton, which was always part of Oxfordshire (grid reference SP375425).  It covers 9.60 km2 and as at the 2011 census had a population of 425 people.
Saint Francis High School (La Cañada Flintridge, California)
St. Francis High School is a Catholic college preparatory high school for boys, located in La Cañada Flintridge, California, USA. Founded in 1946 by the Capuchin Franciscans, St. Francis High School serves grades 9-12.

La Cañada Flintridge, California
La Cañada Flintridge, commonly known as just La Cañada (Spanish for 'The Ravine'), is a city in the foothills of the  Verdugo Mountains in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located in the Crescenta Valley, in the western edge of the San Gabriel Valley, it is the location of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory & Descanso Gardens.

Before the city's incorporation on November 30, 1976, it consisted of the two distinct communities of La Cañada and Flintridge.

The population was 20,573 at the 2020 census.
UNOY Peacebuilders
The United Network of Young Peacebuilders (UNOY Peacebuilders) is a global network of young people and youth organisations active in the field of peacebuilding and conflict transformation. UNOY Peacebuilders was founded in 1989 and is working with youth mostly in violent conflict and post war regions. The core activities of UNOY Peacebuilders are capacity building as well as advocacy and campaigning.

The organisation is non-political, non-religious and non-governmental and welcomes youth membership regardless of gender, colour, ethnicity, social class, religion, sexual orientation or any other status.

Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective negotiation. Dimensions of resolution typically parallel the dimensions of conflict in the way the conflict is processed. Cognitive resolution is the way disputants understand and view the conflict, with beliefs, perspectives, understandings and attitudes. Emotional resolution is in the way disputants feel about a conflict, the emotional energy. Behavioral resolution is reflective of how the disputants act, their behavior. Ultimately a wide range of methods and procedures for addressing conflict exist, including negotiation, mediation, mediation-arbitration, diplomacy, and creative peacebuilding.
Golden Highway
Golden Highway (also known as Mitchells Line of Road at its eastern end) is a 313-kilometre (194 mi) highway, located in the Hunter and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. It runs eastwards from Dubbo towards Newcastle on the coast, allowing road transport to avoid travelling over the Blue Mountains to Sydney, and is designated route B84.

Newell Highway
Newell Highway is a national highway in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. It provides the major road link between southeastern Queensland and Victoria via central NSW and as such carries large amounts of freight. At 1,058 kilometres (657 mi) in length, the Newell is the longest highway in NSW, and passes through fifteen local government areas.

The highway is named in honour of H. H. Newell, the first Commissioner for Main Roads in New South Wales (1932–1941). It is designated route A39 for its entire length.
Didazoon
Didazoon haoae is an extinct species of vetulicolid vetulicolian described by Shu, et al. based on fossils found in the Qiongzhusi (Chiungchussu) Formation, Yu'anshan Member (Eoredlichia zone), Lower Cambrian, in the Dabanqiao area (Kunming), about 60 km northwest of Chengjiang, China.

Vetulicolia
Vetulicolia is a group of bilaterian marine animals encompassing several extinct species from the Cambrian, and possibly Ediacaran, periods.  As of 2023, the majority of scientists favor placing Vetulicolians in the stem group of the Chordata, but some continue to favor a more crownward placement as a sister group to the Tunicata.  It was initially erected as a monophyletic clade with the rank of phylum in 2001, with subsequent work supporting its monophyly.  However, more recent research suggests that vetulicolians may be paraphyletic and form a basal evolutionary grade of stem chordates.
Cal Poly Pomona College of Environmental Design
The Cal Poly Pomona College of Environmental Design is a college part of the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). The college houses over 1,600 students; making it one of largest environmental design programs in the United States. The college offers bachelor's degrees in five departments, as well as three master's degree programs. It is the only academic unit within the California State University system to be associated with a Pritzker Prize laureate (often referred to as "The Nobel Prize in Architecture").

Ray Kappe
Ray Kappe (August 4, 1927 – November 21, 2019) was an American architect and educator. In 1972, he resigned his position as Founding Chair of the Department of Architecture at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona and along with a group of faculty, students and his wife, Shelly Kappe, started what eventually came to be known as the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc). In 2003, Kappe began working with LivingHomes to design modular homes.

Kappe remained actively involved in architectural theory and practice in his later years, particularly in the areas of sustainability and the prefabrication of residences.
Cercanías Zaragoza
Cercanías Zaragoza is the name given to the Renfe operated commuter train service in and around the city of Zaragoza, in Aragon, Spain.

There is currently one line, the C-1 which it runs from Zaragoza-Miraflores station to Casetas. Trains run once an hour off-peak, with extra trains in rush hour.
The second Cercanías line, along with extra stations on the original line, is being considered.

Zaragoza tram
The Zaragoza Tram (Spanish: Tranvía de Zaragoza) is a tram system in the Spanish city of Zaragoza, capital of the autonomous community of Aragon. The first generation network ran from 1885 to 1976. The second generation has one line called Line 1 of which the first phase opened in 2011. The network was expected to be expanded with a second and third line but the project was cancelled but plans to recover it are being made.
Beta-decay stable isobars
Beta-decay stable isobars are the set of nuclides which cannot undergo beta decay, that is, the transformation of a neutron to a proton or a proton to a neutron within the nucleus.  A subset of these nuclides are also stable with regard to double beta decay or theoretically higher simultaneous beta decay, as they have the lowest energy of all isobars with the same mass number.

This set of nuclides is also known as the line of beta stability, a term already in common use in 1965.  This line lies along the bottom of the nuclear valley of stability.

Isobar (nuclide)
Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number. An example of a series of isobars is 40S, 40Cl, 40Ar, 40K, and 40Ca. While the nuclei of these nuclides all contain 40 nucleons, they contain varying numbers of protons and neutrons.

The term "isobars" (originally "isobares") for nuclides was suggested by British chemist Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918. It is derived from Greek  ἴσος (isos) 'equal' and  βάρος (baros) 'weight'.
Saramaka
The Saramaka, Saamaka or Saramacca are one of six Maroon peoples (formerly called "Bush Negroes") in the Republic of Suriname and one of the Maroon peoples in French Guiana. In 2007, the Saramaka won a ruling by the Inter-American Court for Human Rights supporting their land rights in Suriname for lands they have historically occupied, over national government claims. It was a landmark decision for Maroon and Indigenous peoples in the world. They have received compensation for damages and control this fund for their own development goals.

The word "Maroon" comes from the Spanish cimarrón, which was derived from an Arawakan root. Since 1990 especially, some of the Saramaka have migrated to French Guiana due to a civil war in Suriname. By the early 16th century, the term "maroon" (cimarron) was used throughout the Americas to designate slaves who had escaped from slavery and set up independent communities beyond colonists' control.

Surinamese Civil War
The Surinamese Civil War, also known as Surinamese Interior War (Dutch: Binnenlandse Oorlog), was a civil war fought in eastern Suriname between 1986 and 1992. The conflict primarily involved the Jungle Commando, a rebel group composed largely of Saramaka (Maroon) fighters and led by former soldier Ronnie Brunswijk, and the Surinamese National Army, commanded by then-army chief and de facto head of state Dési Bouterse.
Wormerveer
Wormerveer is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Zaanstad, and lies about 13 km (8 miles) northwest of Amsterdam.

Wormerveer developed in the 15th century on the west bank of the Zaan river. It started to industrialise with windmills in the 17th century, however none of the windmills exist any more. The Dutch Reformed church was built in 1639 to replace the medieval church which was destroyed in 1574 by Spanish troops.

Wormerveer was a separate municipality until 1974, when it became a part of the new municipality of Zaanstad.

Zaanstad
Zaanstad (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzaːnstɑt] ⓘ) is a Dutch municipality in the province of North Holland, situated northwest of Amsterdam. Its main city is Zaandam. It is part of the conurbation and metropolitan area of Amsterdam. It had a population of 156,901 in 2021.
East Kolaka Regency
The East Kolaka Regency is a new and the only landlocked regency of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, established on 11 January 2013 from the former eastern nine districts of the Kolaka Regency. The administrative centre lies at Tirawuta; its current Regent (from 2022) is Abdul Aziz. The area is 3,991.78 km2, and the population at the 2020 census was 120,699; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 126,754 - comprising 65,337 males and 61,417 females.

Kolaka Regency
Kolaka Regency (Kabupaten Kolaka) is a regency of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 2,960.73 km2 (1,143.14 sq mi) and had a population of 208,817 at the 2010 Census, rising to 237,587 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 247,680. The principal town lies at Kolaka.
D. Newlin Fell School
D. Newlin Fell School is a public elementary school located in the East Oregon neighborhood of South Philadelphia. It is part of the School District of Philadelphia, and shares a site with the George C. Thomas Junior High School. It was named in honor of D. Newlin Fell, who served as a Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court from 1894 to  1910 and Chief Justice until 1915.

The historic building was designed by Irwin T. Catharine and built in 1922–1924. It is a three-story, eight-bay, brick building on a raised basement in the Colonial Revival-style. It features two projecting entrances with stone surrounds and a brick parapet.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Students zoned to Fell are zoned to South Philadelphia High School.

South Philadelphia
South Philadelphia, nicknamed South Philly, is the section of Philadelphia bounded by South Street to the north, the Delaware River to the east and south, and the Schuylkill River to the west. A diverse working-class community of many neighborhoods, South Philadelphia is well known for its large Italian-American population, though it also contains large Asian-American, Irish-American, African-American, and Latino populations.
Song Ki-seok
Song Ki-seok (Korean: 송기석, born 28 October 1963) is a South Korean judge, lawyer and politician. He once served as a member of National Assembly in West District, Gwangju.

Born at Goheung County, Song attended to Konkuk University. He passed to the judicial examination in 1993 and became a judge. He gained popularity while working as a judge.

Song entered to People's Party in the early 2016, and declared to run as MP for West District 1st constituency. Despite a controversy during the primary, Song was officially selected as the candidate. He then defeated Song Kap-sok of Democratic Party. However, he was involved in a corruption case and lost his membership on 8 February 2018. His position was then succeeded by Song Kap-sok, his ex-rival.

He is currently working as a lawyer.

Song Kap-seok
Song Kap-seok (Korean: 송갑석, born 10 October 1966) is a South Korean activist and politician serving as a member of National Assembly for West District of Gwangju, along with Chun Jung-bae. He is also the sole Democratic Party MP in Gwangju.
Music & More SummerFest
Music & More SummerFest is a two-week annual international festival of classical and contemporary music, held in Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina, in the first half of August. It was founded in 2018 by the pianist and educator Dr. Tatjana Rankovich, who also directs the festival.

The festival invites musicians to perform in six outdoor concerts in different locations around the town, such as the Amphitheater Crkvina and Villa Lastva, all of which are open to the public. Music students from over 20 countries study with the guest musicians and can participate in various musical activities, such as solo and ensemble performances, orchestra works, masterclasses.

The music director and conductor of the festival is French conductor Pascal Verrot.

In 2023, the festival expanded its scope and held additional concerts in Čačak, Serbia and Herceg Novi, Montenegro. In 2024, it held Inter-festival cooperation concert for KotorArt in Kotor, Montenegro.

Trebinje
Trebinje (Serbian Cyrillic: Требиње, pronounced [trěːbiɲe]) is a city and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the southernmost city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is situated on the banks of the Trebišnjica river in the region of East Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 31,433 inhabitants. The city's old town quarter, the Walled town of Trebinje, dates to the 18th-century Ottoman period and includes the Arslanagić Bridge on the Trebišnjica River, as of recently also known as Perovića Bridge. The city is one of the region’s popular tourist spots
Connacht Senior League (association football)
The Connacht Senior League (CSL) was an association football league featuring amateur, intermediate, and League of Ireland reserve teams affiliated to the Connacht Football Association. It was a third level league in the Irish football league system. An earlier provincial league, the Western League, had been active, on and off, since the 1930s before the Connacht Football Association decided to establish a more permanent league. The CSL was active between 1981 and 2000. In 2013 discussions were held about relaunching the league.

Sligo Rovers F.C.
Sligo Rovers Football Club is an Irish professional football club playing in the League of Ireland Premier Division. The club is based in Sligo in the west of Ireland.

The club was founded in 1928 and have been in the League of Ireland since 1934. The club is a co-operative venture, owned by the people of Sligo. Rovers have played at The Showgrounds since their inception. In 2013, they won a third FAI Cup in four years, and also became the 2012 Premier Division Champions, winning the league with two games to spare. In total, they have won three league titles, five FAI Cups and two League Cups.
Ahlfors measure conjecture
In mathematics, the Ahlfors conjecture, now a theorem, states that the limit set of a finitely generated Kleinian group is either the whole Riemann sphere, or has measure zero.

The conjecture was introduced by Lars Ahlfors, who proved it in the case that the Kleinian group has a fundamental domain with a finite number of sides. Richard Canary proved the Ahlfors conjecture for topologically tame groups, by showing that a topologically tame Kleinian group is geometrically tame, so the Ahlfors conjecture follows from Marden's tameness conjecture that hyperbolic 3-manifolds with finitely generated fundamental groups are topologically tame (homeomorphic to the interior of compact 3-manifolds). This latter conjecture was proved, independently, by Ian Agol and by Danny Calegari and David Gabai.

Canary also showed that in the case when the limit set is the whole sphere, the action of the Kleinian group on the limit set is ergodic.

Kleinian group
In mathematics, a Kleinian group is a discrete subgroup of the group of orientation-preserving isometries of hyperbolic 3-space H3. The latter, identifiable with PSL(2, C), is the quotient group of the 2 by 2 complex matrices of determinant 1 by their center, which consists of the identity matrix and its product by −1. PSL(2, C) has a natural representation as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the Riemann sphere, and as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the open unit ball B3 in R3. The group of Möbius transformations is also related as the non-orientation-preserving isometry group of H3, PGL(2, C). So, a Kleinian group can be regarded as a discrete subgroup acting on one of these spaces.