hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alikovo Middle School
Alikovo Middle School (also known as "Yakovlev's school") is a state middle school that was opened in 1853 in the Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic of Russia, where it still stands today. As the alternate name of the education center suggests, Alikovo was founded by Ivan Yakovlev, a celebrated Chuvash educator and author, who is noted for having facilitated experiences of enlightenment.

Alikovsky District
Alikovsky District (Russian: А́ликовский райо́н; Chuvash: Элӗк районӗ, Elĕk rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the republic and borders with Morgaushsky and Yadrinsky Districts in the north, Krasnoarmeysky District in the east, Vurnarsky and Shumerlinsky Districts in the south, and with Krasnochetaysky District in the west. The area of the district is 554.1 square kilometers (213.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Alikovo. Population:  18,282 (2010 census); 21,745 (2002 census); 23,575 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Alikovo accounts for 14.5% of the district's total population.
Karl Richard Lepsius
Karl Richard Lepsius (Latin: Carolus Richardius Lepsius; 23 December 1810 – 10 July 1884) was a German Egyptologist, linguist and modern archaeologist.

He is widely known for his opus magnum Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia), one of the first scientific studies of the pyramids in Giza, Abusir, Saqqara, and Dahshur. His contributions to Egyptology as director of the German Archaeological Instititute and editor of the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde have had a lasting impact on the field.

Lepsius Standard Alphabet
The Lepsius Standard Alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet developed by Karl Richard Lepsius. Lepsius initially used it to transcribe Egyptian hieroglyphs in his Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, and extended it to write African languages, published in 1853, 1854 and 1855, and in a revised edition in 1863. The alphabet was comprehensive but was not used much as it contained many diacritic marks and was difficult to read and typeset at that time. It was, however, influential in later projects such as Ellis's Paleotype, and diacritics such as the acute accent for palatalization, under-dot for retroflex, underline for Arabic emphatics, and his click letters continue in modern use.
Second-order logic
In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. Second-order logic is in turn extended by higher-order logic and type theory.

First-order logic quantifies only variables that range over individuals (elements of the domain of discourse); second-order logic, in addition, quantifies over relations. For example, the second-order sentence  says that for every formula P, and every individual x, either Px is true or not(Px) is true (this is the law of excluded middle). Second-order logic also includes quantification over sets, functions, and other variables (see section below). Both first-order and second-order logic use the idea of a domain of discourse (often called simply the "domain" or the "universe"). The domain is a set over which individual elements may be quantified.

Decidability (logic)
In logic, a true/false decision problem is decidable if there exists an effective method for deriving the correct answer. Logical systems are decidable if membership in their set of logically valid formulas (or theorems) can be effectively determined. Zeroth-order logic (propositional logic) is decidable, whereas first-order and higher-order logic are not. A theory (set of sentences closed under logical consequence) in a fixed logical system is decidable if there is an effective method for determining whether arbitrary formulas are included in the theory. Many important problems are undecidable, that is, it has been proven that no effective method for determining membership (returning a correct answer after finite, though possibly very long, time in all cases) can exist for them.
Lutheran Confessional Church
The Lutheran Confessional Church (Swedish: Lutherska Bekännelsekyrkan, LBK) is a Christian Lutheran church, originally organised in 1974, with congregations in Sweden and Norway. It has church fellowship with the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod.

The church was organised in 1974 when Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod's pastor Siegbert Becker was called to teach to Stiftelsen Biblicum. The church works in both Sweden and Norway. In Sweden its official magazine is Bibel och bekännelse, which appears five times each year. Its Norwegian version, Bibel og Bekjennelse, appears four times per year.

The LBK is a member of the international Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference.

Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference
The Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference (CELC) is an international fellowship of 34 Confessional Lutheran church bodies.

The CELC was founded in 1993 in Oberwesel, Germany with an initial thirteen church bodies. Plenary sessions are held every three years. To date there have been ten plenary meetings (1993, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017, 2021), with regional meetings held in the intervening years.

The CELC rejects the 1999 Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification signed between the Lutheran World Federation and the Catholic Church.
2007 World Championships in Athletics
The 11th World Championships in Athletics, (Japanese: 2007年世界陸上競技選手権大会) under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held at Nagai Stadium in Osaka, Japan from 24 August to 2 September 2007. 200 of the IAAF's 212 member federations entered a total of 1,978 athletes, the greatest number of competitors at any World Championships to date. Sarah Brightman, the world's best-selling soprano, performed her single Running at the opening ceremony.

Nagai Stadium
Nagai Stadium (大阪市 長居陸上競技場, Ōsaka-shi Nagai Rikujō Kyōgijō), a.k.a. the Yanmar Stadium Nagai (ヤンマースタジアム長居, Yanmā Sutajiamu Nagai) for sponsorship reasons, is a stadium in Osaka, Japan. It is the home ground of J. League club Cerezo Osaka. The stadium has a seating capacity of 47,853. The rugby union club NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes Osaka use the venue for most of their home games.
Steph Hodgins-May
Steph Hodgins-May (born 23 August 1985) is an Australian politician and environmental lawyer. She has been a Senator for Victoria since 2024, representing the Australian Greens. She was previously a Greens candidate for the House of Representatives on four occasions. Prior to entering parliament, she held roles with the United Nations and Greenpeace.

Division of Macnamara
The Division of Macnamara is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria, which was contested for the first time at the 2019 federal election. The division is named in honour of Dame Jean Macnamara, a doctor and medical researcher who specialised in the polio virus and was involved in children's health initiatives.

The current member is Josh Burns of the Australian Labor Party, who has represented the division since the 2019 Australian federal election.
Phanogomphus
Phanogomphus is a genus of clubtails in the family Gomphidae found in North America. There are about 17 described species in Phanogomphus.

Phanogomphus was formerly considered a subgenus of Gomphus, but has recently been promoted to genus rank along with Stenogomphurus, Gomphurus and Hylogomphus.

Stenogomphurus
Stenogomphurus is a genus of clubtails in the family of dragonflies known as Gomphidae. There are at least two described species in Stenogomphurus, both found in North America.

Stenogomphurus was formerly considered a subgenus of Gomphus, but has recently been promoted to genus rank along with Phanogomphus, Gomphurus and Hylogomphus.
Ed Robertson
Lloyd Edward Elwyn Robertson (born October 25, 1970) is a Canadian musician, best known as the lead singer, guitarist, and songwriter of the band Barenaked Ladies. He, along with former member Steven Page, founded the group in 1988. Following Page's departure in 2009, Robertson, bassist Jim Creeggan, and drummer Tyler Stewart remain the only members from the band's first studio album still active in the group. Kevin Hearn, who joined later, is also part of the current lineup.

Bancroft, Ontario
Bancroft (/ˈbæŋkrɒft/) is a town located on the York River in Hastings County in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was first settled in the 1850s by descendants of the United Empire Loyalists and Irish immigrants. From the mid-1950s to about 1982, mining was the primary industry. A village until 1999, Bancroft then merged with Dungannon Township to form the Town of Bancroft. The population at the time of the 2021 Census was 4,065; the regional population is 60,000. There are 150,000 visitors to Bancroft, annually.
Carl Herget Mansion
The Carl Herget Mansion is a historic house located at 420 Washington Street in Pekin, Illinois. The house was built in 1912 for Carl Herget, a businessman and member of one of Pekin's most prominent families.

Pekin, Illinois
Pekin (/ˈpiːkɪn/ PEE-kin) is located in, and is the county seat of, Tazewell County, Illinois, United States. It is located along the Illinois River in Central Illinois. The population was 31,731 at the 2020 census. Pekin is the largest city in Tazewell County and the second-most populous city in the Peoria metropolitan area. A small portion of the city limits extend into Peoria County.

Mineral Springs Park in Pekin is located near Pekin Hospital and the Miller Senior Center. The city is home to a high-rise residential facility operated by the United Auto Workers; the Federal Correctional Institution, Pekin; and the headquarters of the regional insurance provider Pekin Insurance.
Purity (film)
Purity is a 1916 American silent drama film, directed by Rae Berger and starring Audrey Munson, an artist's model who posed for many statues in New York City and the 1915 San Francisco Panama–Pacific International Exposition. The film's plot was written by Clifford Howard, art direction was by Edward Langley, and choreography was by Geneva Driscoll. The film's nude scenes caused it to be banned and preached against in some towns.

Rae Berger
Rae Berger or Rhea Berger (March 26, 1877 – November 9, 1931) was an early silent film actor and director. He is erroneously listed in Duke University's "Women Film Pioneers"; he was in fact male. He married actress Mary Martin.
Pionier Museum
Pionier Opelug Museum  (Afrikaans for the Pioneer Open-air Museum), is a cultural and "living" museum in the eastern suburbs of Pretoria that reflects the lifestyle of early pioneers or "Voortrekkers" of the early 19th century. It is housed in the oldest building in Pretoria, the 1848 House, and the museum is operated by Ditsong Museums of South Africa.

Ditsong Museums of South Africa
Ditsong Museums is an amalgamation of eight museums in the Pretoria and Johannesburg environs in the Gauteng Province. The museums "have diverse collections covering the fields of fauna and flora, palaeontology, military history, cultural history, geology, anthropology and archaeology."
Lionel Conacher Jr.
Lionel Conacher Jr. (born January 8, 1936) is a Canadian former professional football running back in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is the son of famed Canadian sports legend, Lionel Conacher.

A graduate University of Western Ontario, his selection in the university draft stirred up considerable controversy when the Toronto Argonauts passed him up for Bill Mitchell (who, incidentally, ended up being the 1960 rookie of the year).

Drafted by the Montreal Alouettes, Conacher's career was brief, totalling six games during the 1960 season.

His brother is Brian Conacher, a hockey player who represented Canada at the 1964 Winter Olympics and won a Stanley Cup with the 1967 Toronto Maple Leafs.

Roy Conacher and Charlie Conacher are Lionel's uncle.

Murray Henderson and Pete Conacher are Lionel's cousins.

Pete Conacher
Charles William "Pete" Conacher Jr. (July 29, 1932 – October 20, 2024) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 229 games in the National Hockey League between 1951 and 1957. The rest of his career lasted from 1951 to 1966 and was mainly spent in the American Hockey League.

Conacher played with the Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Black Hawks, and New York Rangers. In 1959, Conacher played for the World Champion Belleville McFarlands. He is the son of NHL Hall of Famer, Charlie Conacher.
Official minority languages of Sweden
In 1999, the Minority Language Committee of Sweden formally declared five official minority languages: Finnish, Sámi languages, Romani, Yiddish, and Meänkieli (Tornedal Finnish).

The Swedish language dominates commercial and cultural life in Sweden but did not officially become the country's main language until 2009, when a new language law entered into effect. The need for this legal status had been the subject of protracted debate and proposed legislation was narrowly defeated in 2005.

The minority languages have been legally recognized to protect the cultural and historical heritage of their respective speech communities. These communities are given certain rights on that basis, such as school education in their language, and its use in dealing with governmental agencies.

Pajala Municipality
Pajala Municipality (Swedish: Pajala kommun; Meänkieli and Finnish: Pajalan kunta) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden, bordering Finland. Its seat is located in the locality of Pajala.

In 1884 Tärendö was detached from Pajala Municipality, forming a municipality of its own. In 1914 Pajala Municipality was once again split when Junosuando broke away. They were reunited in 1971, when Korpilombolo was added as well.

Finnish and Meänkieli have the official status of being minority languages in the municipality.
Agroclavine
Agroclavine belongs to the group of ergot alkaloids, which also includes ergotamine. Historically, the main use of agroclavine was in the synthesis of ergot-based drugs; agroclavine can be oxidized to elymoclavine, which then undergoes further processing.

Elymoclavine
Elymoclavine is an ergot alkaloid (ergoline alkaloid). It can be produced from C. fusiformis from Pennisetum typhoideum. It is a precursor in the biosynthesis of D-(+)-lysergic acid. Ergot alkaloids are natural products derived from L-tryptophan. They are often toxic for humans and animals. Despite that they are also well known for their pharmacological activities.

The compound is described as being non-hallucinogenic in humans, instead producing mainly sedative effects, and as not contributing to the psychoactive or hallucinogenic effects of morning glory seeds. The doses employed were not provided.
Destroyer (band)
Destroyer is a Canadian indie rock band from Vancouver, formed in 1995. The band is fronted by founding member and lead vocalist Dan Bejar, with a collective of regular band members and collaborators joining him in the studio and during live performances. Alongside Bejar, Destroyer currently includes longtime producers John Collins (bass) and David Carswell (guitar), Nicolas Bragg (lead guitar), Ted Bois (keyboards), JP Carter (trumpet) and Joshua Wells (drums).

The band's discography draws on a variety of musical influences, resulting in albums that can sound markedly distinct from one another; in Bejar's words, "That's kind of my goal: to start from scratch every time." Destroyer have released fourteen studio albums to date, with their most recent, Dan's Boogie, released in March 2025.

Loscil
Scott Morgan, also known by the pseudonym Loscil, is a Canadian electronic/ambient music musician from Vancouver, British Columbia. Morgan launched the Loscil project in Vancouver in 1998 while a member of the multimedia collective Multiplex, which curated audiovisual events at an underground cinema called The Blinding Light. The name Loscil is taken from the "looping oscillator" function (loscil) in Csound.

Morgan was also the drummer for the Vancouver indie band Destroyer. As Loscil, he has also produced numerous special projects, remixes, and collaborations with other musicians, including Ryuichi Sakamoto, Murcof/Vanessa Wagner, Sarah Neufeld, Daniel Bejar, bvdub, Rachel Grimes, and Kelly Wyse.
Awarua Plains
The Awarua Plain is a large area of wetland to the east of Bluff, New Zealand. Covering an area of around 600 km², the plain stretches for 35 kilometres along the coast of  Foveaux Strait. This stretch of coast includes the peninsula of Tiwai Point, Awarua Bay, the Waituna Lagoon, and Toetoes Bay.  The Mataura River is the major river responsible for the presence of the Awarua Plain; along with the Ōreti River, it is a remnant of the rivers from the Ice Ages that formed the Southland Plains (Murihiku).  In addition, several small streams enter Foveaux Strait along this stretch of coast, mainly via Awarua Bay and Waituna Lagoon.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "two streams" for Awarua.

Toetoes Bay
Toetoes Bay is the easternmost of three large bays lying on the Foveaux Strait coast of Southland, New Zealand, the others being Te Waewae Bay and Oreti Beach. The 240 km Mataura River drains to sea at Toetoes Bay, first passing through the Toetoes Harbour estuary. Thirty kilometres (19 miles) in length, the bay is the southern end of the Awarua Plain, an area of swampy land stretching inland for about fifteen kilometres (9.3 miles). The eastern end of the bay is close to Slope Point, the South Island's southernmost point, and the western end of the Catlins.

Tiwai Point, with its aluminium smelter, is located on a peninsula at the western end of the bay, on the edge of Bluff harbour. Waituna Lagoon is located halfway along the bay, and towards the eastern end the Mataura River has its outflow into the Foveaux Strait.

The bay gets its name from a 19th-century Māori chief, Toitoi. Whalers named the Waituna Lagoon "Toetoe's Place" and the name was later given to the bay.
Audubon Parkway
The Audubon Parkway is a freeway and former toll road connecting the cities of Henderson and Owensboro, Kentucky. Named for John James Audubon, an early American naturalist, the Audubon's western terminus is at US 41; the eastern terminus is US 60. The road opened on December 18, 1970, at a cost of $23.5 million (equivalent to $146 million in 2024) and, at 23.4 miles (37.7 km), is the shortest of the seven roads in the state's parkway system. It is also the only road in the parkway system that has not had the name of a Kentucky politician attached to it. The road carries the unsigned designation of Kentucky Route 9005 (AU 9005). A white and gold shield was used along the Audubon Parkway until 2006, when a new, standardized blue-on-white marker was introduced for all of Kentucky's parkways.

U.S. Route 41 in Kentucky
U.S. Route 41 (US 41) in the state of Kentucky is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs from Miami, Florida, to Copper Harbor, Michigan. In Kentucky, the highway is primarily paralleled by the Pennyrile Parkway and Interstate 69. It enters Kentucky in the Todd County community of Guthrie, and leaves the state north of Henderson into  Evansville. The total length of US 41 through Kentucky is a total of 106.952 miles (172.123 km).
Eddie Ducy
Edward Joseph Ducy (February 4, 1920 – December 9, 2008) was an American Negro league second baseman in the 1940s.

A native of New Orleans, Louisiana, Ducy was the younger brother of fellow Negro leaguer Ralph Ducy. He played for the Homestead Grays in 1947, and died in Los Angeles, California in 2008 at age 88.

Ralph Ducy
Ralph Ducy (1904 – death date unknown) was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1920s.

A native of New Orleans, Louisiana, Ducy was the older brother of fellow Negro leaguer Eddie Ducy. He made his Negro leagues debut in 1924 with the St. Louis Giants, and went on to play for the Dayton Marcos in 1926.
Lake Maratanza
Lake Maratanza is the highest lake in New York's Shawangunk Ridge at 2,245 feet (684 m) above sea level. It is within Sam's Point Preserve.

The lake is dammed and supplies drinking water to Ellenville. The outlet brook drains to the other side of the ridge, into the Verkeerder Kill, a tributary of the Shawangunk Kill and by extension the Wallkill River.

Verkeerder Kill
The Verkeerder Kill, sometimes Verkeerderkill and locally shortened to Kaidy Kill is an 8-mile-long (13 km) stream in Ulster County, New York, United States. It rises on the Shawangunk Ridge, in the town of Wawarsing, and flows southwards through the town of Shawangunk, toward the Shawangunk Kill, itself a major tributary of the Wallkill River. Ultimately it is a part of the Hudson River's watershed.

It is best known for Verkeerder Kill Falls, a 187-foot (57 m) waterfall located on its headwaters just below its source, on the border between the two towns. The falls are a popular hiking destination along the Long Path, a long-distance hiking trail from New York City to the Capital District that traverses the area.
Chaupi Orco (mountain)
Chaupi Orco (possibly from the Quechua spelling Chawpi Urqu; chawpi middle, center, urqu mountain) or Viscachani (possibly from the Aymara 'wisk'acha viscacha) is a mountain in the Andes on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It has a height of 6,044 metres (19,829 ft). On the Bolivian side it is located in the La Paz Department, Franz Tamayo Province, Pelechuco Municipality, and on the Peruvian side it lies in the Puno Region, Putina Province, Sina District. It lies north of Salluyu. Chaupi Orco is the highest peak of the Apolobamba mountain range.

Salluyu
Salluyu (Aymara, salla rocks, cliffs, uyu corral, "rock corral", also spelled Salluyo) is a mountain in the Apolobamba mountain range at the border of Bolivia and Peru, about 5,650 metres (18,537 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Franz Tamayo Province, Pelechuco Municipality, near 14°40′03″S 69°13′57″W﻿ / ﻿14.66750°S 69.23250°W﻿ / -14.66750; -69.23250. Salluyu lies between the peaks of Chawpi Urqu (or Wisk'achani) in the north and Palumani in the south.
Rasti
Rasti (from the German verb rasten, 'to secure, to place firmly, to lock into its place') is a construction toy made from plastic—similar to Lego, Tente and Mis Ladrillos—that was produced by the Knittax company in Argentina during the 1960s and 1970s. In 2007, manufacturing began again.

Construction set
A construction set is a standardized piece assortment allowing for the construction of various different models. Construction sets are most often marketed as toys. Popular construction toy brands include Lincoln Logs and LEGO.
Crangonidae
Crangonidae is a family of shrimp, of the superfamily Crangonoidea, including the commercially important species Crangon crangon. Its type genus is  Crangon. Crangonid shrimps' first pair of pereiopods have partially chelate claws that they use to capture their prey. They burrow shallowly into sediment on the sea floor, and feed on bivalves, crustaceans, polychaetes, and some small fish.

Two fossil species are known: Crangon miocenicus, discovered in 2001 in the early Miocene of the north Caucasus in Russia, and Morscrangon acutus, discovered in 2006 in the fur formation (early Eocene) in Denmark.

Twenty-four genera are included in the family:

Crangon crangon
Crangon crangon is a species of caridean shrimp found across the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Its range  extends from the White Sea in the north of Russia to the coast of Morocco, including the Baltic Sea, and appears also throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Commercially important, it is fished mainly in the southern North Sea.   Common names include brown shrimp, common shrimp, bay shrimp, and sand shrimp, while translation of its French name crevette grise (or its Dutch equivalent grijze garnaal) sometimes leads to the English version grey shrimp. Krangṓn (κραγγών) is an Ancient Greek word for shrimp.