hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spanker (sail)
On a square rigged ship, the spanker is a gaff-rigged fore-and-aft sail set from, and aft of, the aftmost mast. Spankers are also called driver, jigger, and pusher sail.

On a schooner of four or more masts, the spanker is the sail on the mast nearest the stern.

The spanker is a small sail, but as it is so far aft of the balance point of the hull, it has strong leverage. When sheeted in, the spanker is important in driving the boat to a new tack.

Gaff rig
Mast

Gaff

Peak

Throat

Boom

Clew

Tack

Saddle

Parrel

Sall

Bridle

Peak Halyard

Throat Halyard

Gaff rig is a sailing rig (configuration of sails, mast and stays) in which the sail is four-cornered, fore-and-aft rigged, controlled at its peak and, usually, its entire head by a spar (pole) called the gaff. Because of the size and shape of the sail, a gaff rig will have running backstays rather than permanent backstays.

The gaff enables a fore-and-aft sail to be four-sided, rather than triangular. A gaff rig typically carries 25 percent more sail than an equivalent Bermuda rig for a given hull design.

A sail hoisted from a gaff is called a gaff-rigged sail.
Cloud State Bank
The Cloud State Bank, also known as the People's National Bank, is located in McLeansboro, Hamilton County, Illinois. The bank building was designed and built from 1880 to 1882 by Aaron G. Cloud and his son Chalon Cloud. The Cloud State Bank has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978. The building was designed by architects the Reid Brothers of Evansville, Indiana. The Reid Brothers would go on to famously design the Hotel del Coronado near San Diego.

Reid & Reid
Reid & Reid, also known as Reid Brothers, was an American architectural and engineering firm that was active from 1880 to 1932. Established in Indiana by Canadian immigrants, the firm moved to the West Coast and became was the most prominent firm in San Francisco, California, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Kauaʻi
Kauaʻi, sometimes written Kauai, is one of the main Hawaiian Islands. It has an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), making it the fourth-largest of the islands and the 21st-largest island in the United States. Kauaʻi is 73 miles (117 km) northwest of Oʻahu, across the Kauaʻi Channel. The island's 2020 population was 73,298.

Styling itself the "Garden Isle", Kauaʻi is the site of Waimea Canyon State Park and Nā Pali Coast State Park. It forms the bulk of Kauaʻi County, which includes Niʻihau as well as the small nearby islands of Kaʻula and Lehua.

Hawaii Route 50
Route 50 is a 33-mile (53 km) road that stretches from Route 56 at the junction of Rice Street in Lihue to a point approximately 1/5 mile north of the northernmost entrance of the Pacific Missile Range Facility on the western shore of Kauai. It is the longest numbered road on the island of Kauaʻi and is named Kaumualiʻi Highway.
Layla and Majnun (Nizami Ganjavi poem)
"Layla and Majnun" (Persian لیلی و مجنون) is the third poem of the classic of Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209, Ganja). This poem is included in "Khamsa" and was written in 1188 in Persian. It is based on the story of the ancient Arabic legend "Layla and Majnun" about the unhappy love of the young man Qays, nicknamed "Majnun" ("The Madman"), towards beautiful Layla. The poem is dedicated to Shirvanshah Ahsitan I, and was written on his order. There are 4600 stanzas in the poem. This poem is considered as the first literary processing of the legend.

Nizami Ganjavi
Nizami Ganjavi (Persian: نظامی گنجوی, romanized: Niẓāmī Ganjavī, lit. 'Niẓāmī of Ganja'; c. 1141 – 1209), Nizami Ganje'i, Nizami, or Nezāmi, whose formal name was Jamal ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī, was a 12th-century poet. Nizami is considered the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. His heritage is widely appreciated in Afghanistan, Republic of Azerbaijan, Iran, the Kurdistan region and Tajikistan.
Arquivo Histórico Nacional (Cape Verde)
The Arquivo Nacional de Cabo Verde (acronym: ANCV) is the national archive of Cape Verde.  It is located in the capital city of Praia, on Avenida Combatentes da Liberdade da Patria, in the subdivision of Chã de Areia. It is housed in the former customs building, that was built in 1878.

The Arquivo Histórico Nacional was created on December 31, 1988 under the decree number 128/88, with the purpose of preserving, organizing and disseminating the national archival heritage. On December 9, 2012, the government of Cape Verde approved a new structure of the Ministry of Culture, and the Arquivo Histórico Nacional became the "Arquivo Nacional de Cabo Verde". It contains about 6,000 meters of books of records and separate documents produced by the Central Administration, Municipality Councils, Churches, Registries and Notaries and by the Courts.

Chã de Areia
Chã de Areia is a subdivision of the city of Praia in the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. Its population was 247 at the 2010 census. It is situated south and west of the city centre. Adjacent neighbourhoods include Plateau to the northeast, Achadinha to the north, Várzea to the west, Achada Santo António to the southwest and Prainha to the south. Its main streets are Avenida Combatentes da Liberdade da Patria and Avenida  Cidade de Lisboa. Points of interest in Chã de Areia include the beach of Gamboa, the old port of Praia and the Cape Verdean National Archives, housed in the former customs building.

The Festival de Gamboa is an annual music festival on the beach of Gamboa. It takes place on three consecutive days in May, and is one of the largest music events in Cape Verde.
Heronby
Heronby is a proposed development village close to Escrick, in North Yorkshire, England. The plans detail a village of between 3,500 and 3,800 houses with a shopping area, clustered around an ancient woodland. The development has been criticised for its lack of transport, the effect on the ancient woodland, and the population numbers living there, which  objectors state would make it a town, not a village.

Escrick
Escrick is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It was in the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, but since 1974 has come under North Yorkshire. It is approximately equidistant between Selby and York on what is now the A19 road.
KBIJ
KBIJ (99.5 FM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Guymon, Oklahoma. The station is owned by Oralia Cowan, through licensee OMI Oilfield Investments, LLC. It airs a Regional Mexican format to the far northern Perryton, Texas.

Guymon, Oklahoma
Guymon (/ˈɡaɪmən/ GHY-mən) is a city in and the county seat of Texas County, in the panhandle of Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 12,965, an increase of 13.3% from 11,442 in 2010, and represents more than half of the population of the county, along with being the largest city in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Cattle feedlots, corporate pork farms, and natural gas production dominate its economy, with wind energy production and transmission recently diversifying landowners' farms.  Guymon was the only town or city in Oklahoma in 2010 and 2020 in which the majority of the population was Hispanic.
Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library
The Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library (MCVL; in Spanish: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, BVMC) is a large-scale digital library project, hosted and maintained by the University of Alicante in Alicante, Spain. It comprises the largest open-access repository of digitised Spanish-language historical texts and literature from the Ibero-American world.

University of Alicante
The University of Alicante (Valencian: Universitat d'Alacant, IPA: [univeɾsiˈtad dalaˈkant]; Spanish: Universidad de Alicante, IPA: [uniβeɾsiˈðað ðe aliˈkante]; also known by the acronym UA) was established in 1979 on the basis of the Center for University Studies (CEU), which was founded in 1968.  The university main campus is located in San Vicente del Raspeig/Sant Vicent del Raspeig, bordering the city of Alicante to the north.  As of 2011/12 academic year, there are approximately 27,500 students studying there.
Ostromir
Ostromir (Russian: Остромир; Christian name: Joseph; died c. 1057) was the posadnik of Novgorod from 1054 to 1057.

Ostromir is known from the first Russian dated book, the Ostromir Gospels (or Ostromir Codex), which he commissioned from his scribe Gregory. The chronicles record that Ostromir was the father of Vyshata and the grandfather of Yan Vyshatich. The Ostromir Gospels names his wife as Theophana, viewed by Andrzej Poppe as a daughter of Anna Porphyrogeneta and Vladimir the Great. Another popular speculation posits Konstantin Dobrynich as the father of Ostromir.

According to the Sofia First Chronicle, Ostromir died in 1056 during his military campaign against the Chudes. It is highly unlikely, however, since the afterword to the Ostromir Codex clearly states that he was still alive in 1057.

Posadnik
A posadnik (Russian: посадник, pl. посадники, posadniki) was a representative of the prince in some towns during the times of Kievan Rus', and later the highest-ranking official (mayor) in Novgorod (from 1136) and Pskov (from 1308).

In the early 12th century, Novgorod won the right to elect its own posadnik, who was originally appointed by the prince to rule on his behalf during his absence, thus the posadnik became the elected burgomaster. In 1136, the prince Vsevolod was expelled and the Novgorod veche began to appoint and expel princes at its own will. The posadnik was so much of an official that the representative of the prince became known as the namestnik.
Izalco
Izalco (Pipil: Itzalku) is a town and a municipality in the Sonsonate department of El Salvador.
Volcan Izalco is an icon of the country of El Salvador, a very young volcano on the flank of Santa Ana volcano. From when it was born in 1770 until 1966, it was in almost continuous eruption and was known as the "lighthouse of the Pacific." Since then it has been nearly inactive.

Pipil people
The Pipil or Náhuat are an indigenous group of Mesoamerican people inhabiting the western and central areas of present-day El Salvador. They are a subgroup of the larger Nahua ethnic group, and are closely related to the Nicarao people of Nicaragua. They speak the Nawat language, which is a closely related but distinct language from the Nahuatl of Central Mexico. There are very few speakers of Nawat left, but there are efforts being made to revitalize it.

At the time of the Spanish conquest, the Pipil were largely concentrated in Cuzcatlan, covering most of western El Salvador. Pipil populations were also present in Guatemala, and likely in various parts of Honduras. The Nawat language has already gone extinct in Guatemala and Honduras, but there is a small population of acculturated Nahuas in the Olancho Department of eastern Honduras.

Their cosmology is related to that of the Toltec, Maya and Lenca.
Spencer Dinwiddie
Spencer Gray Dinwiddie (born April 6, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for FC Bayern Munich of the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL) and the EuroLeague. He played college basketball for the Colorado Buffaloes and earned first-team all-conference honors in the Pac-12 as a sophomore in 2013. He missed most of his junior year after injuring his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

Dinwiddie recovered and was selected by the Detroit Pistons in the second round of the 2014 NBA draft. After two seasons with the Pistons, he joined the Brooklyn Nets in December 2016 and played with them until being traded to the Washington Wizards in 2021. In February 2022, Dinwiddie was traded to the Dallas Mavericks and in 2023, he was traded back to the Brooklyn Nets and was traded to the Toronto Raptors the following year in February 2024 before being immediately waived by Toronto. He signed with the Los Angeles Lakers for the remainder of the season in a bench role.

William Howard Taft Charter High School
William Howard Taft Charter High School is a public school located on the corner of Ventura Boulevard and Winnetka Avenue in the Woodland Hills district of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, California, within the Los Angeles Unified School District. The school gained affiliated charter status beginning with the 2013–2014 school year.
Annabelle (doll)
Annabelle is a Raggedy Ann doll that is claimed to be haunted. According to paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren, the doll frightened its owner, so it was moved to their (now closed) museum in Connecticut during the 1970s. Academics and science writers have dismissed their claims as myth and folklore. A character based on the Warrens' story is one of the antagonists that appear in the fictional Conjuring Universe.

Raggedy Ann
Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle (1880–1938) who appeared in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children. Raggedy Ann is a rag doll with red yarn for hair and a triangle nose. The character was created in 1915, as a doll, and was introduced to the public in the 1918 book Raggedy Ann Stories. When a doll was marketed with the book, the concept had great success. A sequel, Raggedy Andy Stories (1920), introduced the character of her brother, Raggedy Andy. Further characters such as the Camel with the Wrinkled Knees and Beloved Belindy, a black mammy doll, were featured as dolls and characters in books.
Constitutive androstane receptor
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 is a protein that  in humans is encoded by the NR1I3 gene.  CAR is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and along with pregnane X receptor (PXR) functions as a sensor of endobiotic and xenobiotic substances. In response, expression of proteins responsible for the metabolism and excretion of these substances is upregulated.  Hence, CAR and PXR play a major role in the detoxification of foreign substances such as drugs.

Androstenol and several isomers of androstanol, androstanes, are endogenous antagonists of the CAR, and despite acting as antagonists, were the basis for the naming of this receptor. More recently, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also an androstane, has been found to be an endogenous agonist of the CAR.

Pregnane X receptor
In the field of molecular biology, the pregnane X receptor (PXR), also known as the steroid and xenobiotic sensing nuclear receptor (SXR) or nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1I2 (nuclear Receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2) gene.
Skyshield
Skyshield is a modular, light weight, short range air defense (SHORAD) system developed by the Swiss corporation Oerlikon Contraves, now a subsidiary of Rheinmetall of Germany. The successor to the Skyguard official system, Skyshield is intended to rapidly acquire and destroy threatening aircraft and missiles, and to fulfill a C-RAM role.

Rheinmetall Air Defence
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG is a division of German armament manufacturer Rheinmetall, created when the company's Oerlikon Contraves unit was renamed on 1 January 2009 and integrated with Rheinmetall's other air-defence products. Oerlikon Contraves was a Swiss anti-aircraft artillery manufacturer famous for its adaptation of the 1916 20 mm Becker as the Oerlikon 20 mm autocannon design, which was used in the Second World War and remains in use. Copies and derivatives of these designs were made by German, French, British, and Japanese weapon manufacturers. Oerlikon Contraves was purchased by Rheinmetall in 1999.

As of January 2009, Rheinmetall Air Defence had around 1,050 employees at locations in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and Canada. The group's sales in 2008 were about 380,000,000 Euros.
Feast on Scraps
Feast on Scraps is an Alanis Morissette CD/DVD package released on December 10, 2002. The DVD was filmed during a concert in Rotterdam, Netherlands and the CD contains B-sides and unreleased studio tracks left off Morissette's album Under Rug Swept, which was released earlier that year. "Awakening Americans" and "Symptoms" were the only previously released songs to be omitted.

A promotional-only double A-side of "Simple Together" and "Bent for U" was released in Europe, and "Offer" was released in Brazil, becoming very popular because at the time she appeared in a famous soap opera called Celebridade (Celebrity).

"Simple Together" charted at No. 14 on Chile Top 20.
"Fear Of Bliss" peak at No. 4 on the Digital Sales Top 100 chart.
As of September 2008, Feast on Scraps had sold 76,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.

Under Rug Swept
Under Rug Swept is the fifth studio album album by the Canadian singer-songwriter Alanis Morissette. It was released in the United Kingdom on February 25, 2002, and in the United States the following day by Maverick Records. It was the first album to be written and produced solely by Morissette. The title is taken from a lyric in the lead single, "Hands Clean".

Music critics praised Under Rug Swept for its lyrical content, rawness, and vocal performances. The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 and topped the charts of 11 other countries. While sales did not match those of Morissette's preceding two albums, Under Rug Swept sold over 4 million copies worldwide.
Avro Canada
Avro Canada, officially A. V. Roe Canada Limited, was a Canadian aircraft manufacturing company that existed from 1945 to 1962. It was founded in 1945 as an aircraft plant and within 13 years became the third-largest company in Canada, and one of the 100 largest companies in the world, directly employing over 50,000 people. Avro Canada was best known for the CF-105 Arrow, but it was an integrated company with diverse holdings.

Following the cancellation of the CF-105 Arrow, the company ceased operations in 1962.

Orenda Iroquois
The Orenda PS.13 Iroquois is an advanced turbojet engine that was designed for military use.  It was developed by the Canadian aircraft engine manufacturer Orenda Engines, a part of the Avro Canada group. Intended for the CF-105 Arrow interceptor, development was cancelled, along with the Arrow, in 1959.
Caledonian Railway 439 Class
The Caledonian Railway 439 Class is a class of 0-4-4T steam locomotive.  It was a development of earlier Caledonian Railway 0-4-4T locomotives, including the 19 Class and 92 Class, and predecessor of the 431 Class.  The 439 Class was introduced by John F. McIntosh in 1900 and a modified version was introduced by William Pickersgill in 1915.

0-4-4T
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-4 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and four trailing wheels on two axles. This type was only used for tank locomotives.

In the UK 0-4-4 tanks were mainly used for suburban or rural passenger duties. In America, the wheel arrangement became known as the Forney, after a specific design of 0-4-4s, the Forney locomotive, became heavily used on the narrow curves of elevated railways and other rapid transit lines.
Bohdan Likszo
Bohdan Stanisław Likszo (alternate spelling: Bogdan) (1 January 1940 in Vilnius (Wilno), Soviet occupied Poland – 11 December 1993 in Kraków) was a Polish professional basketball player. At a height of 1.99 m (6'6 1⁄2") tall, and a weight of 106 kg (234 lbs.), he played at the center position.

EuroBasket 1963
The 1963 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1963, was the thirteenth FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA Europe. Sixteen national teams affiliated with the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) entered the competition. The tournament was hosted by Poland, and held in Wrocław.
Aladdin (1979 musical)
Aladdin is a musical written by Sandy Wilson for the newly refurbished Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith. Although not a pantomime, it played during the theatre's inaugural Christmas pantomime season of 1979/80, opening on 21 December 1979, and starred Richard Freeman as Aladdin, Joe Melia as Tuang Kee Chung (Widow Twankey), Aubrey Woods as Abanazar, Ernest Clark as The Emperor, Martin McEvoy as The Genie, Elisabeth Welch as Fatima and Christine McKenna as Badr-al-Badur.

Aladdin
Aladdin (/əˈlædɪn/ ə-LAD-in; Arabic: علاء الدين, romanized: ʻAlāʼu d-Dīn/ʻAlāʼ ad-Dīn, IPA: [ʕalaːʔ adˈdiːn], ATU 561, 'Aladdin') is a Middle-Eastern folk tale. It is one of the best-known tales associated with One Thousand and One Nights (often known in English as The Arabian Nights), despite not being part of the original text; it was added by the Frenchman Antoine Galland, based on a folk tale that he heard from the Syrian storyteller Hanna Diyab.
Teutoburg Forest / Egge Hills Nature Park
The Teutoburg Forest / Egge Hills Nature Park (German: Naturpark Teutoburger Wald / Eggegebirge) is a nature park founded in 1965 in the northeast of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. After being expanded in 2008, the nature park is now the largest in Germany, covering an area of 2,700 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi). The park comprise the southern Teutoburg Forest and Egge Hills.

The Teutoburg Forest / Egge Hills Nature Park won the state competition for nature parks, "Naturpark.2009.NRW", with its concept "Natural Health" (Natürlich Gesund).

Teutoburg Forest
The Teutoburg Forest (/ˈtjuːtəbɜːrɡ/ TEW-tə-burg; German: Teutoburger Wald [ˈtɔʏtoˌbʊʁɡɐ ˈvalt] ⓘ) is a range of low, forested hills in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. Until the 17th century, the official name of the hill ridge was Osning. It was first renamed the Teutoburg Forest in 1616 in commemoration of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD, which most likely took place at Kalkriese instead.
Dun & Bradstreet
The Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. (D&B) is an American company that provides commercial data, analytics, and insights for businesses. Headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, the company offers a wide range of products and services for risk and financial analysis, operations and supply, and sales and marketing professionals, as well as research and insights on global business issues. It serves customers in government and industries such as communications, technology, strategic financial services, and retail, telecommunications, and manufacturing markets. The company's database contains over 500 million business records worldwide.

Dex One
Dex One Corporation was an American marketing company providing online, mobile and print search marketing via their DexKnows.com website, print yellow pages directories and pay-per-click ad networks in the U.S.

In April 2013 Dex One merged with SuperMedia, and the combined company (after further acquisitions) now does business as Thryv Inc.
Pimm's
Pimm's is an English brand of gin-based fruit cup but may also be considered a liqueur or the basis of a sling or punch. It was first produced in 1823 by James Pimm and has been owned by Diageo since 1997. Its most popular product is Pimm's No. 1 Cup, commonly used for the Pimm's cup cocktail.

Punch (drink)
The term punch refers to a wide assortment of drinks, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, generally containing fruits or fruit juice. The drink was introduced from the Indian subcontinent to England by employees of the East India Company in the late 17th century. Punch is usually served at parties in large, wide bowls, known as punch bowls.

In the United States, federal regulations provide the word "punch" to describe commercial beverage products that do not contain fruit or fruit juice.  The term is used to label artificially flavored beverages, with or without natural flavorings, which do not contain fruit juice or concentrate in significant proportions. Thus a product labeled as "fruit punch" may contain no fruit ingredients at all.