hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Larsen Glacier
The Larsen Glacier (75°6′S 162°28′E﻿ / ﻿75.100°S 162.467°E﻿ / -75.100; 162.467) is a glacier flowing southeast from Reeves Névé, through the Prince Albert Mountains and entering the Ross Sea just south of Mount Crummer in Victoria Land, Antarctica.

Terra Nova Bay
Terra Nova Bay (74°50′0″S 164°30′0″E﻿ / ﻿74.83333°S 164.50000°E﻿ / -74.83333; 164.50000) is a bay which is often ice free, about 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long, lying between Cape Washington and the Drygalski Ice Tongue along the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (known as the Discovery Expedition) under Robert Falcon Scott, 1901–1904, and named by him after Terra Nova, one of the relief ships for the expedition.

The Italian permanent Zucchelli Station is located in the bay, as is the Jang Bogo Station of South Korea.  The Chinese Qinling Station on Inexpressible Island, opened in 2024, is their fifth station in Antarctica.
Peggy (moonlet)
Peggy is the informal name for a former moonlet in the outermost part of Saturn's Ring A, orbiting 136,775 kilometres (84,988 mi) away from the planet. The moonlet was discovered by the Cassini Imaging Team in 2013 and it may likely be exiting Saturn's A Ring. No direct image of Peggy has ever been made. Similar moons to Peggy include Bleriot, Earhart and Santos-Dumont among others.

Bleriot (moonlet)
Bleriot (or Blériot), is the informal name for a propeller moonlet within Saturn's A Ring. 
It is about 860 metres (2,820 ft) across, making it the largest of these propeller moonlets. It has been tracked by the Cassini Imaging Team since 2005.

Bleriot has been subject to some scientific studies due to its large size and has helped scientists improve their understanding the interactions between objects within Saturn's rings. The orbit of Bleriot has some anomalies such as that it sometimes is much further behind or ahead than is predicted to be.

The name comes from French aviator Louis Blériot, who was the first person to fly across the English Channel.

Due to its small size, Bleriot cannot be directly imaged, it can only be noticed by the "propeller-shaped" disturbances it creates around it.
Eastern Air Defense Sector
The Eastern Air Defense Sector (EADS) is a United States Air Force unit of Air Combat Command (ACC), permanently assigned to the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). A joint, bi-national military organization, EADS is composed of US and Canadian military forces, federal civilians and contractors. It is located at the Griffiss Business and Technology Park in Rome, New York, the former Griffiss Air Force Base. EADS is a subordinate command of the First Air Force and Continental NORAD Region, located at Tyndall Air Force Base in Florida.

Its mission is to counter all air threats to EADS' assigned Area of Operations through vigilant detection, rapid warning and precise tactical control of NORAD and NORTHCOM forces.

Montauk Air Force Station
Montauk Air Force Station was a US military base at Montauk Point on the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. It was decommissioned in 1981 and is now owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation as Camp Hero State Park.
Matthew Cream
Matthew James Cream (born 19 June 1975) is an Australian football referee. He is the Referee Development Officer in South Australia.

Cream was a FIFA international assistant referee between 2000–2021. He accompanied Matthew Breeze and fellow assistant referee Ben Wilson to the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup in South Africa. 
Cream was selected as an assistant referee for the 2012 London Olympic Games.
Cream accompanied Ben Williams to the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2014 FIFA Club World Cup. He also officiated at the 2015 AFC Asian Cup along with fellow Australian Paul Cetrangolo.

Cream has had numerous A-League Finals appointments in 2009, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2021.

Paul Cetrangolo
Paul Cetrangolo (born 29 June 1978) is a retired Australian soccer referee.

Cetrangolo was a FIFA international assistant referee between 2010–2018. 
Cetrangolo accompanied Ben Williams to the 2014 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2015 AFC Asian Cup along with fellow Australian Matthew Cream.
He has also officiated at the 2012 AFC Champions League Final. On 11 November 2022 he took the field as an assistant referee for the 173rd and final time in the Australian A League in the match between Adelaide United and Melbourne Victory as he announced his retirement from the Australian national leagues.
Nutritional genomics
Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenomics, is a science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition and health.  People in the field work toward developing an understanding of how the whole body responds to a food via systems biology, as well as single gene/single food compound relationships. Nutritional genomics emerged as a new field of research in 2001. Nutriepigenomics is a sub-field of nutrigenomics.

Nutriepigenomics
Nutriepigenomics is a sub-field of nutritional genomics which consists in the study of how food nutrients and bioactive compounds influence human health through epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation. While nutrigenomics broadly explores how nutrients and diet impact gene expression, nutriepigenomics specifically examines how these dietary factors induce epigenetic changes without altering the underlying DNA sequence. There is now considerable evidence that nutritional imbalances—especially during gestation, lactation, and early development—can lead to long-term epigenetic alterations, increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. If metabolic disturbances occur during critical time windows of development, these epigenetic modifications can result in lasting changes to gene expression, tissue function, and disease susceptibility.
Nadia Russo
Nadia (Nadejda) Russo-Bossie (17 June 1901 – 22 January 1988) was a Russian White émigré and Romanian military aviator during World War II. She was a member of the White Squadron, a team of female aviators who flew medical aircraft during World War II. Romania was the only country in the world to allow women to pilot medical missions during the War.

White Squadron (Romania)
The White Squadron (Escadrila Albă) or Escadrila 108 Transport ușor was a Royal Romanian Air Force squadron of air ambulances piloted by women during World War II. They flew Polish RWD 13S planes.

The 1944 Italian-Romanian film Squadriglia Bianca was inspired by the squadron's story.
MetroExtra
MetroExtra was a limited-stop service operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, which operates on Metrobus lines that need extra service with faster trips. There were six MetroExtra routes with only two of them having daily service.

Metrobus (Washington, D.C.)
Metrobus is a bus service operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), serving Washington, D.C. and parts of Maryland and Virginia in the Washington metropolitan area. Metrobus operates local, limited-stop, and bus rapid transit services within its service area, complementing the Washington Metro and multiple independent bus operators. Its fleet consists of 1,595 buses, covering an area of 1,500 square miles (3,900 km2).

Metrobus began operation in 1973, as the successor to four failing privately owned bus companies. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 118,749,200, or about 360,400 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
2010 Thai political protests
A series of political protests were organised by the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD) (also known as "Red Shirts") in Bangkok, Thailand from 12 March to 19 May 2010 against the Democrat Party-led government. The UDD called for Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva to dissolve parliament and hold elections earlier than the end of term elections scheduled in 2012. The UDD demanded that the government stand down, but negotiations to set an election date failed. The protests escalated into prolonged violent confrontations between the protesters and the military, and attempts to negotiate a ceasefire failed. More than 80 civilians and six soldiers were killed, and more than 2,100 injured by the time the military violently put down the protest on 19 May.

Khattiya Sawasdipol
Khattiya Sawasdipol (Thai: ขัตติยะ สวัสดิผล; RTGS: Khattiya Sawatdiphon; 2 June 1951 – 17 May 2010), alias Se Daeng (Thai: เสธ.แดง, 'red commander'), was a General officer in the Royal Thai Army, assigned to the Internal Security Operations Command, a political activist, and a book author.

Khattiya became known for his role in the 1970s campaign against communist insurgents in northeastern Thailand. After the 2006 coup d'état that toppled Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, he joined the Red Shirt movement and led its most intransigent and militant wing. He was killed, apparently by a sniper, while giving an interview during the May 2010 unrest in Bangkok.
Brembio
Brembio (Lodigiano: Brémbi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan and about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southeast of Lodi. Its inhabitants are called "Brembiesi".

Brembio borders the following municipalities: Mairago, Ossago Lodigiano, Secugnago, Borghetto Lodigiano, Casalpusterlengo, Livraga, Ospedaletto Lodigiano.

Mairago
Mairago (Lodigiano: Mairàgh) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Milan and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) southeast of Lodi.

Mairago borders the following municipalities: Cavenago d'Adda, Turano Lodigiano, Ossago Lodigiano, Secugnago, Brembio.
Arthur Rudolph
Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph (November 9, 1906 – January 1, 1996) was a German rocket engineer who was a leader of the effort to develop the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany. After World War II, the United States government's Office of Strategic Services (OSS) brought him to the U.S. as part of the clandestine Operation Paperclip, where he became one of the main developers of the U.S. space program. He worked within the U.S. Army and NASA, where he managed the development of several systems, including the Pershing missile and the Saturn V Moon rocket. In 1984, the U.S. government investigated him for war crimes, and he agreed to renounce his United States citizenship and leave the U.S. in return for not being prosecuted.

Mittelwerk
Mittelwerk ([ˈmɪtl̩.vɛʁk]; German for "Central Works") was a German World War II factory built underground in the Kohnstein to avoid Allied bombing. It used slave labor from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp to produce V-2 ballistic missiles, V-1 flying bombs, and other weapons.
Listed buildings in Stonebeck Down
Stonebeck Down is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It contains ten listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish contains the village of Ramsgill, the hamlets of Stean and Heathfield, and the surrounding countryside. The listed buildings consist of houses, farmhouses and farm buildings, a church and the remains of a medieval chapel in the churchyard.

Stean
Stean is a small village in upper Nidderdale in North Yorkshire, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) north of Pateley Bridge.

The village is located on Stean Beck, a tributary of the River Nidd.  Below Stean the beck flows through How Stean Gorge which includes a cave named after Tom Taylor, a highwayman who is rumoured to have hidden there.
Samuel Sebastian Wesley
Samuel Sebastian Wesley (14 August 1810 – 19 April 1876) was an English organist and composer. Wesley married Mary Anne Merewether and had six children. He is often referred to as S.S. Wesley to avoid confusion with his father Samuel Wesley.

Leeds Minster
Leeds Minster, also known as the Minster and Parish Church of Saint Peter-at-Leeds (formerly Leeds Parish Church), is the minster church of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It stands on the site of the oldest church in the city and is of architectural and liturgical significance. A church is recorded on the site as early as the 7th century, although the present structure is a Gothic Revival one, designed by Robert Dennis Chantrell and completed in 1841. It is dedicated to Saint Peter and was the Parish Church of Leeds before receiving the honorific title of "Minster" in 2012. It has been designated a Grade I listed building by Historic England.
Pla del Remei
El Pla del Remei is a barrio of Valencia, Spain, in the district of Eixample. As of 2024, it has a population of 7,240 inhabitants.

It was established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its architecture characterized by mansions and bourgeois dwellings built in various styles, including neoclassical and modernist.

Eixample, Valencia
The Eixample (Valencian: [ejˈʃample]) or Ensanche (Spanish: [enˈsaɲtʃe]) is a district of Valencia, Spain between the Old City (Ciutat Vella), Quatre Carreres, Camins al Grau, Extramurs and El Pla del Real. This area takes in the city's most popular shopping street on carrer Colón, Marqués del Túria Avenue and Russafa. It is also the most important commercial area, where popular department stores and shops are located. Moreover, it is very close to important points like the Colón Market, the City Hall, Pau street, etc. It also has excellent public transport communication.
Strule Arts Centre
Strule Arts Centre (Irish: Ionad Ealaíne na Sruthaile; Ulster-Scots: Strule Hoose o Airts) is a multi-purpose arts venue in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. The Omagh tourist information office is located on the ground floor. The centre is owned and run by Omagh District Council.

Omagh
Omagh (/ˈoʊmə, ˈoʊmɑː/; from Irish: An Ómaigh [ənˠ ˈoːmˠiː], meaning 'the virgin plain') is the county town of County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen meet to form the Strule. Northern Ireland's capital city, Belfast, is 68 miles (109.5 km) to the east of Omagh, and Derry is 34 miles (55 km) to the north.

The town had a population of 20,458 at the 2021 census. At the time of 2011 census, the former district council, which was the largest in County Tyrone, had a population of 51,356. Omagh contains the headquarters of the Western Education and Library Board, and also houses offices for the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs at Sperrin House, the Department for Infrastructure and the Northern Ireland Roads Service at the Tyrone County Hall and the Northern Ireland Land & Property Services at Boaz House.
Ascending chain condition
In mathematics, the ascending chain condition (ACC) and descending chain condition (DCC) are finiteness properties satisfied by some algebraic structures, most importantly ideals in certain commutative rings. These conditions played an important role in the development of the structure theory of commutative rings in the works of David Hilbert, Emmy Noether, and Emil Artin.
The conditions themselves can be stated in an abstract form, so that they make sense for any partially ordered set. This point of view is useful in abstract algebraic dimension theory due to Gabriel and Rentschler.

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
E8 polytope
In 8-dimensional geometry, there are 255 uniform polytopes with E8 symmetry. The three simplest forms are the 421, 241, and 142 polytopes, composed of 240, 2160 and 17280 vertices respectively.

These polytopes can be visualized as symmetric orthographic projections in Coxeter planes of the E8 Coxeter group, and other subgroups.

Uniform 8-polytope
In eight-dimensional geometry, an eight-dimensional polytope or 8-polytope is a polytope contained by 7-polytope facets. Each 6-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 7-polytope facets.

A uniform 8-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 7-polytope facets.
Tampa Shipbuilding Company
Tampa Shipbuilding Company, or TASCO, was one of a number of shipyards in Tampa, Florida. It operated from 1917 to after World War II, closing in 1947. The site is now Gulf Marine Repair which operates with floating dry docks.

USS Lassen (AE-3)
USS Lassen (AE-3) was built as MS Shooting Star under a U.S. Maritime Commission contract, was delivered to the U.S. Navy after sea trials, and became an ammunition cargo ship during World War II. Like many Naval ships of this category that carried large amounts of explosive cargo, she was named for a volcano (or a volcanic island). In this case, the ship was named for Lassen Peak, a volcano in northern California that erupted heavily in 1914–17.
Fiastra
Fiastra is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Ancona and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Macerata.

Fiastra borders the following municipalities: Camerino, Cessapalombo, Fiordimonte, Pievebovigliana, San Ginesio, Sarnano. On 1 January 2017, it incorporated the former commune of Acquacanina.

Among the churches is that of San Paolo.

Sarnano
Sarnano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Ancona and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Macerata.

Sarnano borders the following municipalities: Amandola, Bolognola, Fiastra, Gualdo, Montefortino, San Ginesio. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Sinuiju North Korean Leader's Residence
The Sinuiju North Korean Leader's Residence (Korean: 신의주 관저; Hanja: 新義州 官邸), which may locally be known as the Central Luxury House or Central Luxury Residence, is one of the many official residences of North Korean leader and Workers' Party of Korea's general secretary Kim Jong-Un.  He reportedly took over the residence from his father, Kim Jong-il  after the elder Kim's death in 2011.  The residence is located near Sinuiju, in the North P'yŏngan province of North Korea.  Public knowledge about the residence came to light through the North Korea Uncovered project.

Sinuiju
Sinŭiju (Korean: 신의주시; MR: Sinŭiju-si; IPA: [ɕinɰidzu ɕi]) is a city in North Korea which faces Dandong, Liaoning, China, across the international border of the Yalu River. It is the capital of North P'yŏngan province. Part of the city is included in the Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region, which was established in 2002 to experiment with introducing a market economy. In recent years the city has seen increasing tourism from China.
Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano
Louis Victor of Savoy, 4th Prince of Carignano (25 September 1721 – 16 December 1778) headed a cadet branch of the Italian dynasty which reigned over the Kingdom of Sardinia, being known as the Prince of Carignano from 1741 until his death. Upon extinction of the senior line of the family, his great-grandson succeeded to the royal throne as King Charles Albert of Sardinia, while his great-great-grandson, Victor Emmanuel II, became King of Italy.

House of Savoy-Carignano
The House of Savoy-Carignano (Italian: Savoia-Carignano; French: Savoie-Carignan) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Savoy. It was founded by Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano (1596–1656), an Italian military commander who was the fifth son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy. His descendants were accepted as princes étrangers at the court of France, where some held prominent positions. Upon the extinction of the main Savoy line, they eventually came to reign as kings of Sardinia from 1831 to 1861, and as kings of Italy from 1861 until the dynasty's deposition in 1946. The Savoy-Carignano family also briefly supplied a king each to Spain and Croatia, as well as queens consort to Bulgaria and Portugal.
Nicholasville, Kentucky
Nicholasville is a home rule city in and the county seat of Jessamine County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 31,490 at the 2020 census, making Nicholasville the tenth-most populous city in Kentucky.

Since the late 20th century, Nicholasville has undergone rapid growth; the population increased 440.23% between 1970 and 2020. Part of the Lexington–Fayette metropolitan area, the city serves as both a commuter town to Lexington and as an employment and shopping center in central Kentucky.

Lexington–Fayette metropolitan area
The Lexington–Fayette metropolitan area is the 109th-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States. It was originally formed by the United States Census Bureau in 1950 and consisted solely of Fayette County until 1980, when surrounding counties saw increases in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Lexington-Fayette, which led to them meeting Census criteria to be added to the MSA.

The Lexington-Fayette MSA is the primary MSA of the Lexington-Fayette–Richmond–Frankfort, KY combined statistical area which includes the Micropolitan Statistical Areas of Frankfort (Franklin and Anderson counties), Mount Sterling (Montgomery, Bath, and Menifee counties), and Richmond–Berea (Madison and Rockcastle counties). The Lexington-Fayette–Frankfort–Richmond, KY combined statistical area has a July 1, 2012 Census Bureau estimated population of 703,271.
SL2(R)
In mathematics, the special linear group SL(2, R) or SL2(R) is the group of 2 × 2 real matrices with determinant one:

It is a connected non-compact simple real Lie group of dimension 3 with applications in geometry, topology, representation theory, and physics.

SL(2, R) acts on the complex upper half-plane by fractional linear transformations. The group action factors through the quotient PSL(2, R) (the 2 × 2 projective special linear group over R). More specifically,

PSL(2, R) = SL(2, R) / {±I},

where I denotes the 2 × 2 identity matrix. It contains the modular group PSL(2, Z).

Also closely related is the 2-fold covering group, Mp(2, R), a metaplectic group (thinking of SL(2, R) as a symplectic group).

Another related group is SL±(2, R), the group of real 2 × 2 matrices with determinant ±1; this is more commonly used in the context of the modular group, however.

Eccentricity (mathematics)
In mathematics, the eccentricity of a conic section is a non-negative real number that uniquely characterizes its shape.
One can think of the eccentricity as a measure of how much a conic section deviates from being circular. In particular:

The eccentricity of a circle is 0.

The eccentricity of a non-circular ellipse is between 0 and 1.

The eccentricity of a parabola is 1.

The eccentricity of a hyperbola is greater than 1.

The eccentricity of a pair of lines is

Two conic sections with the same eccentricity are similar.