hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacopo della Quercia
Jacopo della Quercia (/ˌdɛlə ˈkwɛərtʃə/, Italian: [ˈjaːkopo della ˈkwɛrtʃa]; c. 1374 – 20 October 1438), also known as Jacopo di Pietro d'Agnolo di Guarnieri, was an Italian sculptor of the Early Renaissance, a contemporary of Brunelleschi, Ghiberti and Donatello.

San Petronio, Bologna
The Basilica of San Petronio (Italian: Basilica di San Petronio) is a minor basilica and church of the Archdiocese of Bologna located in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. It dominates Piazza Maggiore. The basilica is dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Saint Petronius, who was the Bishop of Bologna in the fifth century. Construction began in 1390 and its main façade has remained unfinished since. The building was transferred from the city to the diocese in 1929; the basilica was finally consecrated in 1954. It has been the seat of the relics of Bologna's patron saint only since 2000; until then, they were preserved in the Santo Stefano church.
Laz people
The Laz people, or Lazi (Laz: ლაზი Lazi; Georgian: ლაზი, lazi; or ჭანი, ch'ani; Turkish: Laz), are a Kartvelian ethnic group native to the South Caucasus, who mainly live in Black Sea coastal regions of Turkey and Georgia. They traditionally speak the Laz language (which is a member of the Kartvelian language family) but have experienced a rapid language shift to Turkish.

Of the 103,900 ethnic Laz in Turkey, only around 20,000 speak Laz and the language is classified as threatened (6b) in Turkey and shifting (7) in Georgia on the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale.

Trabzon
Trabzon is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Historically known as Trebizond, the city was founded in 756 BC as Trapezous by Greek colonists from Miletus. It was added into the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great and was later part of the independent Kingdom of Pontus that challenged Rome until 68 BC. Thenceforth part of the Roman and later Byzantine Empire, the city was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond, one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade in 1204. In 1461 it came under Ottoman rule.

During the early modern period, Trabzon, because of the importance of its port, again became a focal point of trade to Persia and the Caucasus. Today Trabzon is the second largest city and port on the Black Sea coast of Turkey with a population of almost 300,000. The urban population of the city is 330,836 (Ortahisar), with a metropolitan population of 822,270. Trabzon has 18 districts in total.
Giuseppe Placido Nicolini
Monsignor Giuseppe Placido Maria Nicolini O.S.B. (1877–1973), born Villazzano, Italy, was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Assisi from 1928 until 1973. Prior to serving as Bishop, he was ordained as a Benedictine priest in 1899 and was appointed Abbot of Santissima Trinità di Cava de’ Tirreni, Italy in 1919. During World War II, he established the Assisi Network which provided shelter to hundreds of Jews.

Assisi Network
The Assisi Network was an underground network in Italy established by Catholic clergy to protect Jews during the Nazi Occupation. The churches, monasteries, and convents of Assisi served as a safe haven for several hundred Jews.
Reepham railway station (Norfolk)
Reepham (Norfolk) was a railway station in Reepham, Norfolk. It was opened in 1882 and closed to passengers in 1952; it finally shut to goods services in 1981. The tracks through Reepham remained in place until 1985, latterly serving a concrete factory in Lenwade. The trackbed is preserved as part of the Marriott's Way long-distance footpath between Aylsham and Norwich.

Reepham, Norfolk
Reepham (/ˈriːfəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the Broadland district of Norfolk, England. The town is on the B1145 road between the Bure and Wensum valleys, and is 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Norwich. At the time of the 2001 census the civil parish (including Pettywell) had a population of 2,455 residents in 970 households, occupying an area of 1,909 hectares (4,720 acres), increasing to a population of 2,709 in 1,169 households at the 2011 census.
Photobacterium
Photobacterium is a genus of gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae. Members of the genus are bioluminescent, that is they have the ability to emit light.

Many species, including Photobacterium leiognathi and Photobacterium phosphoreum, Photobacterium ganghwense, Photobacterium marinum live in symbiosis with marine organisms. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and identified multiple strains of Photobacterium from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island Area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.

Species such as Photobacterium profundum are adapted for optimal growth in the deep cold seas making it both a psychrophile (an organism capable of growth and reproduction in cold temperatures) and a piezophile (an organism which thrives at high pressures).

Photobacterium marinum
Photobacterium marinum is a gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive, motile bacteria of the genus Photobacterium. Photobacterium marinum are commonly found in marine environment. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated, characterized and identified Photobacterium marinum from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island Area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
The Dovekeepers
The Dovekeepers is a two-part television adaptation of on the 2011 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman. It features a fictionalized account of the Siege of Masada by troops of the Roman Empire towards the end of the First Jewish–Roman War. The program premiered in the United States on March 31, 2015 on CBS.

The Dovekeepers (novel)
The Dovekeepers is a 2011 historical novel by American writer Alice Hoffman. The novel tells a fictionalized account of the Siege of Masada (73–74 A.D.) by troops of the Roman Empire towards the end of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 A.D.).
Stasiūnai, Kėdainiai
Stasiūnai is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. It is located by the Smilgaitis river and Keleriškiai pond, nearby Josvainiai forest. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 19 people. There is a "Ąžuolotas" forestry in the village.

Smilgaitis
The Smilgaitis is a river of Kėdainiai district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 34 kilometres (21 mi) and has a basin area of 76 km2 (29 sq mi). It is a right tributary of the river Smilga.

Its source is nearby Krakės town. It flows through the Josvainiai forest, Meironiškiai, Ruseiniai villages and meets the Smilga river near Stasiūnai. Keleriškiai pond is dammed on the Smilgaitis river.

The name Smilgaitis comes from the Lithuanian word smilga ('bentgrass').
Lectures on Theoretical Physics
Lectures on Theoretical Physics is a six-volume series of physics textbooks translated from Arnold Sommerfeld's classic German texts Vorlesungen über Theoretische Physik. The series includes the volumes Mechanics, Mechanics of Deformable Bodies, Electrodynamics, Optics, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, and Partial Differential Equations in Physics. Focusing on one subject each semester, the lectures formed a three-year cycle of courses that Sommerfeld repeatedly taught at LMU Munich for over thirty years. Sommerfeld's lectures were famous and he was held to be one of the greatest physics lecturers of his time.

Otto Laporte
Otto Laporte (July 23, 1902 – March 28, 1971) was a German-born American physicist and professor at the University of Michigan, who made contributions to quantum mechanics, electromagnetic wave propagation theory, spectroscopy, and fluid dynamics. His name is lent to the Laporte rule in spectroscopy and to the Otto Laporte Award of the American Physical Society.
Badia Pavese
Badia Pavese (Lombard: Casél) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 45 km southeast of Milan and about 25 km southeast of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 435 and an area of 5.0 km2.

Badia Pavese borders the following municipalities: Chignolo Po, Monticelli Pavese, Pieve Porto Morone, Santa Cristina e Bissone.

Santa Cristina e Bissone
Santa Cristina e Bissone is a comune (municipality) in the province of Pavia, Lombardy, northern Italy, located about 45 km southeast of Milan and about 25 km southeast of Pavia.

Santa Cristina e Bissone borders the following municipalities: Badia Pavese, Chignolo Po, Corteolona e Genzone, Costa de' Nobili, Inverno e Monteleone, Miradolo Terme, Pieve Porto Morone.

The town lies along the Via Francigena.
London Marriott Hotel Park Lane
London Marriott Hotel Park Lane is a hotel in London, England. It is located at 140 Park Lane and is run by the Marriott Hotels group. The site was once occupied by Somerset House and Camelford House.

The hotel has 152 bedrooms all of which were refurbished, alongside the rest of the hotel, in 2015.

The site also occupies 138 Park Lane which was featured as a Home Guard Headquarters in the film The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp.

Marriott Hotels & Resorts
Marriott Hotels & Resorts is Marriott International's brand of full-service hotels and resorts based in Bethesda, Maryland. As of June 30, 2020, there were 582 hotels and resorts with 205,053 rooms operating under the brand, in addition to 160 hotels with 47,765 rooms planned for development.
2001 Davis Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Davis Cup competition in 2001. The first-round losers went into the Davis Cup World Group qualifying round, and the winners progressed to the quarterfinals and were guaranteed a World Group spot for 2002.

France won the title, defeating Australia in the final, 3–2. The final was held at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne Park, Melbourne, Australia, from 30 November to 2 December. It was the French team's first Davis Cup title since 1996 and their 9th title overall. France won the title despite not playing a single match on home soil.

2001 Davis Cup World Group qualifying round
The 2001 Davis Cup World Group qualifying round was held from 21 September to 14 October. They were the main play-offs of the 2001 Davis Cup. The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 2002 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.
Al-Mughayyir, Ramallah
Al-Mughayyir (Arabic: المغيّر, lit. 'the changer'; sometimes transliterated Al Mughayer) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located 27 kilometers northeast of Ramallah and 34 kilometers southeast of Nablus, in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 2,872 inhabitants in 2017.

Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
31°55′59″N 35°12′18″E﻿ / ﻿31.933°N 35.205°E﻿ / 31.933; 35.205

The Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate (Arabic: محافظة رام الله والبيرة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Rām Allāh wa l Bīra) is one of 16  governorates of Palestine. It covers a large part of the central West Bank, on the northern border of the Jerusalem Governorate. Its district capital or muhfaza (seat) is the city of al-Bireh.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the district had a population of 279,730 in 2007. Laila Ghannam serves as governor, the first woman in this role.
1991 VG
1991 VG is a very small near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 5–12 meters (16–39 feet) in diameter. It was first observed by American astronomer James Scotti on 6 November 1991, using the Spacewatch telescope on Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona, in the United States. On 6 December 1991 it passed about 369635 km from the Moon. The asteroid then went unobserved from April 1992 until it was recovered by Paranal Observatory in May 2017. It was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on 1 June 2017.

James V. Scotti
James Vernon Scotti (born 1960) is an American astronomer. He was born in Bandon, Oregon, and graduated from Edmonds Woodway High School in Edmonds, Washington in 1978. He received his B.Sc. in Astronomy from the University of Arizona in Tucson in 1983. Ever since that time, he has worked on the Spacewatch project, which is one of a number of projects that look for near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). He wrote the first automatic asteroid detection software for the project in 1984.
Independence Hills
The Independence Hills (80°25′S 81°33′W﻿ / ﻿80.417°S 81.550°W﻿ / -80.417; -81.550) are a line of rugged hills and peaks, 10 miles (16 km) long, with mainly bare rock eastern slopes. They lie 3 miles (5 km) southeast of the Marble Hills and form the southern segment of the west wall of Horseshoe Valley, in the Heritage Range of Antarctica. The Independence Hills were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66. The name was applied by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in association with the name "Heritage Range".

Marble Hills
The Marble Hills (80°17′S 82°5′W﻿ / ﻿80.283°S 82.083°W﻿ / -80.283; -82.083) are a group of mainly ice-free hills in West Antarctica. They are located on the west side of Horseshoe Valley, between the Liberty Hills and Independence Hills in the southern part of the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. The hills were named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1962–63, because the rocks in these hills are composed of marble.
Romance of Horn
Romance of Horn is an Anglo-Norman literature romans d'aventure ("adventure story") tale written around 1170 by an author apparently named "Thomas". The story became the basis for one of the earliest Middle English romances, King Horn, written around 1225.

Anglo-Norman literature
Anglo-Norman literature is literature composed in the Anglo-Norman language and developed during the period of 1066–1204, as the Duchy of Normandy and the Kingdom of England were united in the Anglo-Norman realm.
Higher Education Press
Higher Education Press (HEP) is a publisher in China of university and college-level textbooks, owned by Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. The company's headquarters is in Beijing. HEP was among the world top-fifty publishers.

HEP partnered with ScienceOpen in April 2016, indexing one of its flagship open-access journals Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering (FASE).

ScienceOpen
ScienceOpen is a web-based platform, that hosts open access journals. It is freely accessible for readers, authors and publishers, and it generates its revenues via promotional services  for publishers and authors' institutions. The organization is based in Berlin and has a technical office in Boston. It is a member of CrossRef, ORCID, the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, STM Association and the Directory of Open Access Journals. The company was designated as one of “10 to Watch” by research advisory firm Outsell in its report “Open Access 2015: Market Size, Share, Forecast, and Trends.”
Midleton
Midleton (/ˈmɪdəltən/; Irish: Mainistir na Corann, meaning "monastery at the weir") is a town in south-eastern County Cork, Ireland. It lies approximately 16 km east of Cork City on the Owenacurra River and the N25 road, which connects Cork to the port of Rosslare. A satellite town of Cork City, Midleton is part of Metropolitan Cork. It is the central hub of business for the East Cork Area. The town is in the civil parish of Middleton. Midleton is within the Cork East Dáil constituency.

Carrigtwohill
Carrigtwohill, officially Carrigtohill /ˌkærɪɡˈtuːhɪl/ (Irish: Carraig Thuathail, meaning 'Tuathal's rock'), is a town in County Cork, Ireland with a population of 5,568 (2022). It is 12 kilometres east of Cork city centre. It is connected to Cork Suburban Rail and is bypassed by the N25 road. Carrigtwohill is one of the fastest-growing towns in the region, and a hub for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. The town is in the civil parish of Carrigtohill. Carrigtwohill is part of the Cork East Dáil constituency.
Antibubble
An antibubble is a droplet of liquid surrounded by a thin film of gas, as opposed to a gas bubble, which is a sphere of gas surrounded by a liquid. Antibubbles are formed when liquid drops or flows turbulently into the same or another liquid. They can either skim across the surface of a liquid such as water, in which case they are also called water globules, or they can be completely submerged into the liquid to which they are directed.

Bubble (physics)
A bubble is a globule of a gas substance in a liquid. In the opposite case, a globule of a liquid in a gas, is called a drop. 
Due to the Marangoni effect, bubbles may remain intact when they reach the surface of the immersive substance.
Shijonawate Gakuen University
Shijonawate Gakuen University (四條畷学園大学, Shijōnawate gakuen daigaku) is a private university in Daitō, Osaka, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1926, and it was chartered as a university in 2004. It is attached to Shijonawate Gakuen Junior College. It is located in front of Shijōnawate Station.

Daitō, Osaka
Daitō (大東市, Daitō-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 118,174 in 57299 households and a population density of 6500 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 18.27 square kilometres (7.05 sq mi).
Bara Venecija
Bara Venecija (Serbian Cyrillic: Бара Венеција) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Savski Venac, along the right bank of the Sava river.

Savski Venac
Savski Venac (Serbian Cyrillic: Савски Венац, pronounced [sâːv̞skiː v̞ě̞ːnat͡s]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. According to the 2022 census results, the municipality has a population of 36,699 inhabitants.

It is one of the three municipalities which constitute the very center of Belgrade, together with Stari Grad and Vračar.

Savski Venac is located on the right bank of the Sava river. It stretches in the north-south direction for 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) (from downtown Belgrade, just 200 meters (660 ft) from Terazije, to Banjica) and east-west direction for 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) (from Senjak and the Sava bank to Autokomanda). It borders the municipalities of Stari Grad to the north, Vračar to the north-east, Voždovac to the east, Rakovica to the south and Čukarica to the west.
Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich
Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich, is a barracks of the British Army which forms part of Woolwich Garrison. The Royal Regiment of Artillery had its headquarters here from 1776 until 2007, when it was moved to Larkhill Garrison.

Royal School of Artillery
The Royal School of Artillery (RSA) is the principal training establishment for artillery warfare in the British Army. Established in 1915, it is based at Larkhill, Wiltshire, on the south edge of the Salisbury Plain Training Area. The school is the primary training facility for Royal Artillery recruits, and is also home to the Gunnery Training Team.
Induced consumption
Induced consumption is the portion of consumption that varies with disposable income. When a change in disposable income “induces” a change in consumption on goods and services, then that changed consumption is called “induced consumption”. In contrast, expenditures for autonomous consumption do not vary with income. For instance, expenditure on a consumable that is considered a normal good would be considered to be induced.

In the simple linear consumption function,

induced consumption is represented by the term , where  denotes disposable income and  is called the marginal propensity to consume.

Consumption function
In economics, the consumption function describes a relationship between consumption and disposable income. The concept is believed to have been introduced into macroeconomics by John Maynard Keynes in 1936, who used it to develop the notion of a government spending multiplier.
Sagriva
Sagriva is a genus of dinidoridae bugs. It occurs in South and Southeast Asia. Originally described in 1850 from the species Sagriva vittata, no other species were known for over a century, making the genus monotypic for that time. A second species, S. banna, was described in 2017.

Dinidoridae
Dinidoridae is a small family of hemipteran "true bugs" comprising about sixteen genera and a hundred species the Hemiptera suborder Heteroptera. As a group the family does not have any common name. Until the late 19th century they were generally regarded as a subfamily of Pentatomidae.
Marathwada
Marathwada (Marathi pronunciation: [məɾaːʈʰʋaːɖa]) is a geographical region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was formed during the Nizam's rule and was part of the then Hyderabad State. The region coincides with the Aurangabad division of Maharashtra. It borders the states of Karnataka and Telangana, and it lies to the west of the Vidarbha and east of Uttar Maharashtra regions of Maharashtra. The largest city of Marathwada is Aurangabad. Its people speak Marathi and Deccani Urdu (Hyderabadi Urdu).

Marathwada is known for its struggle for the integration into India , which is commemorated on 17 September as Marathwada Liberation Day.

Aurangabad division
Aurangabad division, officially renamed as Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar division and also known as Marathwada division, is one of the six administrative divisions of the state of Maharashtra in India. It represents the Marathwada region of Maharashtra and is synonymous with it.
Aviadvigatel
UEC-Aviadvigatel JSC (Russian: АО ОДК-Авиадвигатель, lit. 'Aeroengine') is a Russian developer and builder of aircraft engines, most notably jet engines for commercial aircraft. Based at the Perm Engine Plant, its products power the Ilyushin Il-76MF, Ilyushin Il-96, Tupolev Tu-204, and Tupolev Tu-214. It also designs and builds high-efficiency gas turbine units for electric power stations and for gas pumping plants. The company has its background in the Experimental Design Bureau-19 plant, set up to manufacture aircraft engines.

Soloviev D-20
The Soloviev D-20P, built by the Soloviev Design Bureau, was a low-bypass turbofan engine rated at 52.9 kN (11,900 lbf) thrust used on the Tupolev Tu-124. Elements of the design were used in the development of the larger Soloviev D-30 family of low and medium bypass engines.
Laguna Colorada Formation
The Laguna Colorada Formation is a geological formation of the Austral Basin in Patagonia, Argentina. The formation belongs to the El Tranquilo Group and dates back to the Early Jurassic, with a maximum age of 192.78 ± 0.14 Ma.

Magallanes Basin
The Magallanes Basin or Austral Basin is a major sedimentary basin in southern Patagonia. The basin covers a surface of about 170,000 to 200,000 square kilometres (66,000 to 77,000 sq mi) and has a NNW-SSE oriented shape. The basin is bounded to the west by the Andes mountains and is separated from the Malvinas Basin to the east by the Río Chico-Dungeness High. The basin evolved from being an extensional back-arc basin in the Mesozoic to being a compressional foreland basin in the Cenozoic. Rocks within the basin are Jurassic in age and include the Cerro Toro Formation. Three ages of the SALMA classification are defined in the basin; the Early Miocene Santacrucian from the Santa Cruz Formation and Friasian from the Río Frías Formation and the Pleistocene Ensenadan from the La Ensenada Formation.

The Magallanes Basin contains most of Chile's coal reserves dwarfing those found in the Arauco Basin or around Valdivia (e.g. Catamutún, Mulpún). Its coals are lignitic to sub-bituminous.