hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shawnee Methodist Mission
Shawnee Methodist Mission, also known as the Shawnee Mission, which later became the Shawnee Indian Manual Labor School, is located in Fairway, Kansas, United States. Designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1968, the Shawnee Methodist Mission is operated by the city as a museum. The site is owned by the Kansas Historical Society and administered as the Shawnee Indian Mission State Historic Site.

The Shawnee Indian Manual Labor Boarding School served briefly as the second capital of the Kansas Territory, when the legislature was controlled by pro-slavery advocates. The building held that designation from July 16 to August 7, 1855.

The Shawnee Methodist Mission is the origin of the Shawnee Mission name used by the United States Postal Service to refer to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area suburban communities in northeastern Johnson County. The Shawnee Mission School District serves those communities.

Fairway, Kansas
Fairway is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. It is included in the Kansas City metropolitan area census designation and the Shawnee Mission postal services designation.  As of the 2020 United States census, the city population was 4,170.
Battle of the Wines
The Battle of the Wines (fr. La Bataille des Vins), sometimes called "The Battle of the Blends" was a notable poem written by Henry d'Andeli in 1224 and tells the story of a famous wine tasting organized by the French king Philip Augustus. Over 70 samples from France and across Europe, including Cyprus, Spain and the Mosel region, were tasted and judged by an English priest. The priest classified the wines he tasted as either Celebrated for those which pleased him or Excommunicated for those that did not meet his standards. In the end a sweet wine from Cyprus (widely believed to be Commandaria) won the overall tasting and was awarded the supreme title of "Apostle".

Commandaria
Commandaria (also called Commanderia and Coumadarka; Greek: κουμανδαρία, κουμανταρία and Cypriot Greek κουμανταρκά) is an amber-coloured sweet dessert wine made in the Commandaria region of Cyprus on the foothills of the Troödos Mountains. Commandaria is made from sun-dried grapes of the varieties Xynisteri and Mavro. While often a fortified wine, through its production method it often reaches high alcohol levels, around 15%, already before fortification. It represents an ancient wine style documented in Cyprus back to 800 BC and has the distinction of being the world's oldest named wine still in production, with the name Commandaria dating back to the crusades in the 12th century.
2024 Premier Volleyball League Reinforced Conference
The 2024 Premier Volleyball League Reinforced Conference was the eighteenth conference of the Premier Volleyball League and its ninth conference as a professional league.

This was the second conference for the 2024 season. It was originally slated to be a merged tournament of the Invitational and Reinforced Conferences, but PVL Commissioner Sherwin Malonzo announced in a simultaneous interview during the commencement of the 2024 PVL Draft Combine that this would be a stand-alone Reinforced tournament and that the Invitational Conference would start in September.

Twelve teams competed in this conference, which have been grouped into two pools. Each team would be allowed to reinforced by one foreign player. Strong Group Athletics changed its name to Zus Coffee Thunderbelles.

2024 Premier Volleyball League season
The 2024 Premier Volleyball League (PVL) season was the seventh season of the Premier Volleyball League. The season began on February 20, 2024 with the beginning of the 2024 All-Filipino Conference and ended on September 12, 2024 with the conclusion of the 2024 Invitational Conference.
René Lorin
René Lorin (24 March 1877 – 16 January 1933) was a French aerospace engineer and inventor of the ramjet.

In 1908 Lorin patented, FR390256, the first subsonic ramjet design. He published the principles of a ramjet in articles in the journal L'Aérophile from 1908 to 1913, expressing the idea that the exhaust from internal combustion engines could be directed into nozzles to create jet propulsion. He could not test this invention since there was no way at the time for an aircraft to go fast enough for a ramjet to function properly.

When René Leduc applied for a patent on a ramjet design in 1933, FR705648, he discovered Lorin's publications and tried to contact him, only to learn that he had recently died. Leduc thereafter paid homage to Lorin's work.

René Lorin is a graduate of the École Centrale Paris.

Ramjet
A ramjet is a form of airbreathing jet engine that requires forward motion of the engine to provide air for combustion. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around Mach 3 (2,300 mph; 3,700 km/h) and can operate up to Mach 6 (4,600 mph; 7,400 km/h).

Ramjets can be particularly appropriate in uses requiring a compact mechanism for high speed, such as missiles. Weapons designers are investigating ramjet technology for use in artillery shells to increase range; a 120 mm ramjet-assisted mortar shell is thought to be able to travel 35 km (22 mi). They have been used, though not efficiently, as tip jets on the ends of helicopter rotors.
Pickering—Ajax—Uxbridge (provincial electoral district)
Pickering—Ajax—Uxbridge was a provincial electoral district in central Ontario, Canada that elected one Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. It was created in 1999 from Durham West and Durham—York. It was abolished in 2007 with the territory rolled into Ajax—Pickering, Durham and Pickering—Scarborough East.

The riding included all of Pickering and Uxbridge plus all of Ajax north of Finch Avenue.

Durham West (provincial electoral district)
Durham West was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It was created in 1867 at the time of confederation. It contained the towns of Pickering and Ajax.

The riding first existed from 1867 until 1926, when it was distributed into the Durham riding. When Durham was split back into Durham East and Durham West, as well as Durham North in 1975, the riding existed until 1999 when it was redistributed into Pickering—Ajax—Uxbridge and Whitby—Ajax.
Catherine Schenk
Catherine Ruth Schenk FRSA FRHistS FAcSS (born 2 September 1964) is a Canadian economic historian. She is Professor of Economic and Social History at the University of Oxford and a professorial fellow at St Hilda's College. She is also an associate fellow at Chatham House.

Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences
The Fellowship of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) is an award granted by the Academy of Social Sciences to leading academics, policy-makers, and practitioners of the social sciences.

Fellows were previously known as Academicians and used the post-nominal letter "AcSS". This was changed in July 2014 to bring the academy in line with other British learned societies.
David Olère
David Olère (January 19, 1902 – August 21, 1985) was a Polish-born French painter and sculptor best known for his explicit drawings and paintings based on his experiences as a Jewish Sonderkommando inmate at Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

Sonderkommando
Sonderkommandos (German: [ˈzɔndɐkɔˌmando], lit. 'special unit') were work units made up of German Nazi death camp prisoners. They were composed of prisoners, usually Jews, who were forced, on threat of their own deaths, to aid with the disposal of gas chamber victims during the Holocaust. The death-camp Sonderkommandos, who were always inmates, were unrelated to the SS-Sonderkommandos, which were ad hoc units formed from members of various SS offices between 1938 and 1945.

The German term was part of the vague and euphemistic language which the Nazis used to refer to aspects of the Final Solution (e.g., Einsatzkommando, "deployment units").
Magic Bus (Stagecoach)
Magic Bus was a brand of the Stagecoach Group for local bus operations in the United Kingdom, usually operated on routes with strong competition from other operators. Until the rollout of the Bee Network, the brand was most commonly used in Manchester, though in the past, it was also employed in Glasgow, Newcastle, Liverpool, and Rotherham. A similar brand, named Magic Mini, was also used for minibus services in Corby, Ayrshire and the Scottish Highlands.

Stagecoach South Scotland
Stagecoach South Scotland is a bus operator providing services in southern Scotland, with its regional base in Dunfermline, Fife. The company is a subsidiary of the Stagecoach Group. The company previously operated under two identities, Stagecoach East Scotland and Stagecoach West Scotland, before merging in November 2025 to form the current operation.
Gimbi (woreda)
Gimbi is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the West Welega Zone, Gimbi woreda is bordered on the south by Haru, on the southwest by Yubdo, on the west by Lalo Asabi, on the north by the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, on the east by the East Welega Zone, and on the southeast by an exclave of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region. The administrative center for this woreda is Gimbi. Homa woreda was part of Gimbi woreda.

Coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda. Over 5,000 hectares are planted with this crop. Iron and phosphate deposits are located in the neighborhood of Bikilal, a village 18 to 20 kilometers north of Gimbi, but have not yet been commercially developed.

Lalo Asabi
Lalo Asabi is one of the 180 districts in the Oromia of Ethiopia. Part of the West Welega Zone, Lalo Asabi is bordered on the south by Yubdo, on the west by Ayra Guliso, on the north by Boji, on the east by the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, and on the southeast by Gimbi. The administrative center of this woreda is Inango; other towns in Lalo Asabi include Dongoro.
Modern paganism in the United Kingdom
The Modern Pagan movement in the United Kingdom is primarily represented by Wicca and Neopagan witchcraft, Druidry, and Heathenry. 74,631 people in England, Scotland and Wales identified as either as Pagan or a member of a specific Modern Pagan group in the 2011 UK Census.

Scottish Pagan Federation
The Scottish Pagan Federation (SPF) is a Scotland-based organisation which works to support the Neopagan community in Scotland. Originally part of the Pagan Federation, it became an independent organisation in 2006. The group seeks to promote tolerance of Neopaganism, spread information to the public, interface with other religions through interfaith activities, defend Neopagans from religious discrimination, and provide a network for Scottish Neopagans. They have been members of Interfaith Scotland since 2013. They run an annual conference which brings together Neopagans from across the country as well as an annual summer camp. In 2021 they announced the release of an official tartan designed by Tom Lanting intended for the use of Neopagans worldwide.
Kim San Leng
Kim San Leng (simplified Chinese: 金山岭; traditional Chinese: 金山嶺; pinyin: jīn shān lǐng) is a Singaporean coffee-shop operator. One of Singapore’s largest coffee-shop operators, having more than 30 outlets across the island, it started from Kim San Eating House, opened by Hoon Moh Heng in 1950. Subsequently, under his eldest son Hoon Thing Leong, the business saw greater expansion with coffee-shop outlets around Singapore, most notably the Bishan outlet, purchased at $3.52 million in 1990. The business subsequently rebranded to Kim San Leng. Today, the coffee-shop chain is managed by the third generation of the Hoon family.

Kopitiam
A kopitiam or kopi tiam is a type of coffee shop found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and Southern Thailand, patronised for meals and drinks, and traditionally operated by the Chinese communities of these countries.

The word kopi is the Indonesian and Malay term for 'coffee', while tiam derives from the Hokkien term for 'shop' (Chinese: 店; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàm).
George S. Morison
George Shattuck Morison (December 19, 1842 – July 1, 1903) was an American engineer. A classics major at Harvard who trained to be a lawyer, he instead became a civil engineer and leading bridge designer in North America during the late 19th century. During his lifetime, bridge design evolved from using 'empirical “rules of thumb” to the use of mathematical analysis techniques'. Some of Morison's projects included several large Missouri River bridges as well as the great cantilever railroad bridge at Memphis, Tennessee, and the Boone, Iowa viaduct. Morison served as president of the American Society of Civil Engineers (1895) as well as a member of the British Institute of Civil Engineers winning that institution's Telford Medal in 1892 for his work on the Memphis bridge. In 1899, he was appointed to the Isthmian Canal Commission and recommended it be built at Panama.

Elting E. Morison
Elting Elmore Morison (December 14, 1909, Milwaukee, Wisconsin – April 20, 1995, Peterborough, New Hampshire) was an American historian of technology, military biographer, author of nonfiction books, and essayist.  He was an MIT professor and the founder of MIT's Science, Technology, and Society (STS) program.
Sika deer
The sika deer (Cervus nippon), also known as the northern spotted deer or the Japanese deer, is a species of deer native to much of East Asia and introduced to other parts of the world. Previously found from northern Vietnam in the south to the Russian Far East in the north, it was overhunted to the brink of extinction in the 19th century. Protection laws were enacted in the mid-20th century, leading to a rapid recovery of their population from the 1950s to the 1980s.

Nara (city)
Nara (奈良市, Nara-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.ɕi] ⓘ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 2022, Nara has an estimated population of 367,353 according to World Population Review, making it the largest city in Nara Prefecture and sixth-largest in the Kansai region of Honshu. Nara is a core city located in the northern part of Nara Prefecture bordering the Kyoto Prefecture.

Nara was the capital of Japan during the Nara period from 710 to 784 as the seat of the Emperor before the capital was moved to Nagaoka-kyō, except for the years 740 to 745, when the capital was placed in Kuni-kyō, Naniwa-kyō and Shigaraki Palace. Nara is home to eight major historic temples, shrines, and heritage sites, specifically Tōdai-ji, Saidai-ji, Kōfuku-ji, Kasuga Shrine, Gangō-ji, Yakushi-ji, Tōshōdai-ji, and the Heijō Palace, together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest, collectively form the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Bizingo
Bizingo is a two-player strategy board game created sometime in the 1850s in the United States. Two opposing armies on a triangular grid face off against one another. The game seems unrelated to any other, except perhaps to the traditional Zuni game Awithlaknakwe.

Glossary of board games
This glossary of board games explains commonly used terms in board games, in alphabetical order.

For a list of:

board games, see List of board games;

terms specific to chess, see Glossary of chess;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems.
Sheikh family of Tungipara
The Tungipara Sheikh family (Bengali: টুঙ্গিপাড়ার শেখ বংশ, romanized: Ṭuṅgipāṛār śēkh bôngśô) is one of the two most prominent Bangladeshi political families, other being the Zia family. The family primarily consists of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Hasina, Sheikh Rehana and their relatives. Their political involvement has traditionally revolved around the Bangladesh Awami League.

Sheikh Lutfar Rahman
Sheikh Lutfur Rahman (Bengali: শেখ লুৎফর রহমান; 1881 – 30 March 1975) was a Bangladeshi serestadar, an officer responsible for record-keeping at the Gopalganj civil court in British India. His son Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the first president of Bangladesh. Lutfar was also the paternal grandfather of Sheikh Hasina.
2009 Scottish Women's Premier League Cup
The 2009 Scottish Women's Premier League Cup was the 8th edition of the Scottish Women's Premier League Cup which began in 2002. It was contested by all 12 teams of the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL), with matches played between August and November 2009.

Although linked to the 2009 Scottish Women's Premier League which had only one round of fixtures as the schedule was transitioned from autumn-spring to summer, the SWPL Cup was played in its normal format and in the same dates as in previous seasons, finishing a year after the 2008–09 final; instead it was the next edition which differed significantly, as it remained an early-season competition but was completed in the first half of a calendar year; the 2010 final was played only 6 months after the 2009 final.

2010 Scottish Women's Premier League Cup
The 2010 Scottish Women's Premier League Cup was the 9th edition of the Scottish Women's Premier League Cup which began in 2002. It was contested by all 12 teams of the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL), with matches played between February and May 2010.

After the transition of the women's football schedule in Scotland from autumn-spring to summer, the early-season SWPL Cup was completed in the first half of a calendar year instead of the second half as in previous editions; the 2010 final was played only 6 months after the 2009 final. The format remained unchanged.
Gorna Banya
Gorna Banya (Bulgarian: Горна баня) is a neighbourhood in Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria. It is one of the city's oldest villa zones. The town is part of Sofia's Ovcha Kupel District. It is located in the southwestern part of the capital and borders the neighbourhoods of Knyazhevo to the south and Ovcha Kupel to the northeast.

It is known for its mineral waters and has the cleanest air in Sofia due to the unique interaction between air currents from the Vladaysko Gorge, the Buchinski Pass, and the Slivnishko Pole, which are located in the Sofia Valley. This interaction provides constant ventilation and prevents the retention of fog.

Knyazhevo, Sofia
Knyazhevo (Bulgarian: Княжево) is a neighbourhood in Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria. Administratively, it is part of the Vitosha District of Stolichna Municipality in the southwestern part of the Sofia City Province.
Queuine
Queuine (/kjuːiːn/) (Q) is a hypermodified nucleobase found in the first (or wobble) position of the anticodon of tRNAs specific for Asn, Asp, His, and Tyr, in most eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Because it is utilized by all eukaryotes but produced exclusively by bacteria, it is a putative vitamin.

The nucleoside of queuine is queuosine.  Queuine is not found in the tRNA of archaea; however, a related 7-deazaguanine derivative, the nucleoside of which is archaeosine, occurs in different tRNA position, the dihydrouridine loop, and in tRNAs with more specificities.

Queuosine
Queuosine is a modified nucleoside that is present in certain tRNAs in bacteria and eukaryotes. It contains the nucleobase queuine. Originally identified in E. coli, queuosine was found to occupy the first anticodon position of tRNAs for histidine, aspartic acid, asparagine and tyrosine.  The first anticodon position pairs with the third "wobble" position in codons, and queuosine improves accuracy of translation compared to guanosine.  Synthesis of queuosine begins with GTP.  In bacteria, three structurally unrelated classes of riboswitch are known to regulate genes that are involved in the synthesis or transport of pre-queuosine1, a precursor to queuosine: PreQ1-I riboswitches, PreQ1-II riboswitches and PreQ1-III riboswitches.

Queuosine biosynthesis genes have also been found on phage genomes and may be involved in protection from genome degradation by the host.
Kenmore, New York
Kenmore is a village in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 15,205 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.

Kenmore is in the south part of the town of Tonawanda, and together with the town it is often referred to as "Ken-Ton". It is bordered to the south by the city of Buffalo. The village is in the northwest part of Erie County.

The village has received accolades: In 2009, the American Planning Association named Kenmore "One of the Top 10 Great Neighborhoods" in the United States. The village is also one of the country's 100 most densely populated incorporated places.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Boston railway station
Boston railway station serves the town of Boston, in Lincolnshire, England. It is a stop on the Poacher Line, which connects Grantham with Skegness. The station is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway, which provides all services.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Richard Atkin, Baron Atkin
James Richard Atkin, Baron Atkin, PC, FBA (28 November 1867 – 25 June 1944), known from 1913 to 1919 as Sir Richard Atkin and also called Dick Atkin, was an Australian-British barrister who served as a judge of the King's Bench division of the High Court of Justice, a justice of the Court of Appeal, and finally as a lord of appeal in ordinary from 1928 until his death in 1944. He is especially remembered as the judge who gave the leading judgement in the 1932 case Donoghue v Stevenson, which established the modern law of negligence in the UK and indirectly in most of the common law world.

London Welsh Centre
The London Welsh Centre (Welsh: Canolfan Cymry Llundain) is a community and arts centre on Gray's Inn Road, in the London Borough of Camden. The centre is owned and run by the London Welsh Trust. It was founded as the Young Wales Association in 1920.

The centre is a base for three choirs: the London Welsh Chorale (Choral Cymry Llundain), the Gwalia Male Voice Choir, and the London Welsh Male Voice Choir. The centre also hosts Welsh language classes, concerts, drama productions, the Young Welsh Singer of the Year Competition, the London Welsh School's Eisteddfod y Plant, literary events, discussion programmes, and a variety of other events.