hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Domain (mathematical analysis)
In mathematical analysis, a domain or region is a non-empty, connected, and open set in a topological space. In particular, it is any non-empty connected open subset of the real coordinate space Rn or the complex coordinate space Cn. A connected open subset of coordinate space is frequently used for the domain of a function.

The basic idea of a connected subset of a space dates from the 19th century, but precise definitions vary slightly from generation to generation, author to author, and edition to edition, as concepts developed and terms were translated between German, French, and English works. In English, some authors use the term domain, some use the term region, some use both terms interchangeably, and some define the two terms slightly differently; some avoid ambiguity by sticking with a phrase such as non-empty connected open subset.

Hans Hahn (mathematician)
Hans Hahn (/hɑːn/; German: [haːn]; 27 September 1879 – 24 July 1934) was an Austrian mathematician and philosopher who made contributions to functional analysis, topology, set theory, the calculus of variations, real analysis, and order theory. In philosophy he was among the main logical positivists of the Vienna Circle.
Robert Bruce (1668–1720)
Robert Bruce (Russian: Рома́н Ви́лимович Брюс, romanized: Roman Vilimovich Bryus; 1668–1720) was the first chief commander of Saint Petersburg. Of Scottish descent, he was the brother of Jacob Bruce and father of Alexander Romanovich Bruce.

Alexander Romanovich Bruce
Count Alexander Romanovich Bruce (Russian: Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Брюс, 1704–1760) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian army. He was the son of Robert Bruce (1668–1720), first commandant of St Petersburg, whose brother was Peter the Great's associate Jacob Bruce.
Cavasso Nuovo
Cavasso Nuovo (Friulian: Cjavàs) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Pordenone.

Cavasso Nuovo borders the following municipalities: Arba, Fanna, Frisanco, Meduno, Sequals.

Meduno
Meduno (Friulian: Midun) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Pordenone. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,737 and an area of 31.2 square kilometres (12.0 sq mi).

The municipality of Meduno contains the frazione (borough) of Navarons.

Meduno borders the following municipalities: Cavasso Nuovo, Frisanco, Sequals, Tramonti di Sopra, Tramonti di Sotto, Travesio.

The Italian-American sculptor Luigi Del Bianco, the chief carver of Mount Rushmore, spent his youth in Meduno.
Øvre Rindal Chapel
Øvre Rindal Chapel (Norwegian: Øvre Rindal kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Rindal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Tiset. It is one of the churches for the Rindal parish which is part of the Orkdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1911 by the architect Lars Anderson Mogstad. The church seats about 210 people.

Tiset
Tiset is a small village area in Rindal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village lies along the river Tiåa, a tributary of the large Surna river. The village sits about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of the municipal center of Rindal. The Øvre Rindal Chapel is located in the small village.
New Brunswick New Democratic Party
The New Brunswick New Democratic Party (NB NDP; French: Nouveau Parti démocratique du Nouveau-Brunswick) is a social democratic political party in New Brunswick, Canada. It is the provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party.

1991 New Brunswick general election
The 1991 New Brunswick general election was held on September 23, 1991, to elect 58 members to the 52nd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada.

As expected, the Liberal Party won a large majority.  Many were surprised that the Confederation of Regions Party formed the official opposition.  Though they ran even with the PCs in popular vote, their concentration of support in rural anglophone ridings gave them considerably more seats.  Weir's personal popularity and name recognition was not enough to give her party more seats as she, and the Tories, had votes relatively evenly spread around the province.
Immediate or cancel
An immediate or cancel (IOC) order, also known as an "accept order", is a finance term used in investment banking or securities transactions that refers "an order to buy or sell a stock that must be executed immediately".

In case the entire order is not available at that moment for purchase a partial fulfillment is possible, but any portion of an IOC order that cannot be filled immediately is cancelled, eliminating the need for manual cancellation. This "partial fulfillment" aspect is what differentiates IOC orders from all or none (AON) and fill or kill (FOK) orders, but the terms might be used interchangeably in some markets.

Fill or kill
A fill or kill (FOK) order is "an order to buy or sell a stock that must be executed immediately"—a few seconds, customarily—in its entirety; otherwise, the entire order is cancelled; no partial fulfillments are allowed.

Characterized as "extreme orders", FOK orders are "most commonly used when your order is for a large quantity of stock and is usually a market or limit order that requires immediate execution". They are also used when several unlinked markets are available for the same asset, in which case the trader will try to get the whole order filled in each market sequentially, without having to manually cancel each order if it is unfilled.
Anthony Knyvett (Black Rod)
Sir Anthony Knyvett (c. 1486 – 1549) held the office of Black Rod in the English parliament from 1536 to 1543.

He was described as a gentleman usher of the privy chamber to Henry VIII, with Roger Ratcliffe, in the Eltham Ordinance of 1526.

In 1541, he married Avice Gibson, widow of Nicholas Gibson, who founded the Nicholas Gibson Free School, now Coopers' Company and Coborn School.

Black Rod
The Gentleman or Lady Usher of the Black Rod, often shortened to Black Rod, is a senior parliamentary officer similar to a serjeant-at-arms, responsible for ceremonial protocol and maintaining order within a legislative chamber. The role originated in the House of Lords of the Parliament of England during the 14th century, and was exported to the upper houses of other Westminster system legislatures. Besides the British House of Lords, the office now exists in Australia's federal and state upper houses, in Canada's federal upper house and some unicameral provincial houses, and for ceremonial purposes in New Zealand and the Cook Islands. The position is named after the staff of office carried by the official, a black rod. The Gentleman/Lady Usher often has a deputy called the Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod.
Usfahrt Oerlike
Usfahrt Oerlike (German: Ausfahrt Oerlikon) is a 2015 Swiss German-language film. It was filmed and produced at locations in Zürich in Switzerland, and is the second last film starring Mathias Gnädinger, and Jörg Schneider's last movie film.

Oerlikon (Zurich)
Oerlikon is a quarter in the northern part of the city of Zurich, Switzerland. A formerly independent municipality, Oerlikon was merged with Zürich in 1934 and forms today, together with Affoltern and Seebach, the city district 11.
António Victorino de Almeida
António Victorino Goulart de Medeiros e Almeida GCIH (born 21 May 1940) is a Portuguese composer, music teacher, pianist and writer from Lisbon. He has also directed several films and television programmes about music. He is the father of actresses Maria de Medeiros and Inês de Medeiros and the violinist and composer Anne Victorino de Almeida.

Maria de Medeiros
Maria Esteves de Medeiros Victorino de Almeida, DamSE (born 19 August 1965), known professionally as Maria de Medeiros (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐˈɾiɐ ðɨ mɨˈðɐjɾuʃ]), is a Portuguese actress, director, and singer who has been involved in both European and American film-productions.
Gansu Provincial Museum
The Gansu Provincial Museum (simplified Chinese: 甘肃省博物馆; traditional Chinese: 甘肅省博物館; pinyin: Gānsù Shěng Bówùguǎn) is a museum in Lanzhou, China. Its collections include over 350,000 artefacts, in two main sections: history and natural science. Since its foundation, the museum has held almost 300 exhibitions, and items from its collections have been exhibited worldwide. The museum was originally only for the history of Gansu itself, but was re-purposed in 1956 to be a natural history museum, after three years of renovations.

Flying Horse of Gansu
The Flying Horse of Gansu, also known as the Bronze Running Horse (銅奔馬) or the Galloping Horse Treading on a Flying Swallow (馬踏飛燕), is a Chinese bronze sculpture from circa the 2nd century CE. Discovered in 1969 near the city of Wuwei, in the province of Gansu, it is now in the Gansu Provincial Museum. "Perfectly balanced," says one authority, "on the one hoof which rests without pressure on a flying swallow, it is a remarkable example of three-dimensional form and of animal portraiture with the head vividly expressing mettlesome vigor."
Al Murabba
Al-Murabba (Arabic: المربع, romanized: al-murabbaʿ, lit. 'the square'), historically known as Beneyah, is a neighborhood in central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located west of al-Wazarat and north of al-Futah in the sub-municipality of al-Malaz. Its name reportedly comes from a broken square-shaped dry well around which the Murabba Palace was built in the 1940s and from where latter's name gets derived as well. It was built on the site of Beneyah, one of the towns that emerged in the aftermath of the disintegration of Hajr al-Yamamah in 16th century and is today situated in close proximity to the al-Batʼha commercial area and the Qasr al-Hukm District.

Al-Murabba has lent its name to the New Murabba project, a planned downtown and real estate development in northwestern Riyadh. The neighborhood hosts a large presence of overseas Egyptian community.

Al Fouta
Al-Fouta (Arabic: الفوطة), alternatively transliterated as al-Futa, is a neighborhood in central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located south of al-Murabba and north of al-Dirah in the sub-municipality of al-Malaz. It emerged in the 1940s following the construction of the Red Palace for then Saudi crown prince Saud bin Abdulaziz and al-Futa Palaces. It popularly hosts the Riyadh Water Tower, one of the notable landmarks in the city as well as the rest of the southern portion of the King Abdulaziz Historical Center, including the eponymous al-Fouta Park. As the neighborhood is bounded by al-Batʼha Street to the east, its eastern strip partially forms part of the al-Batʼha commercial area.

The neighborhood is unofficially divided into two sections, Fouta East (Arabic: الفوطة الشرقية) and Fouta West (Arabic: الفوطة الغربية).
Saul Solomon
Saul Solomon (25 May 1817 – 16 October 1892) was an influential liberal politician of the Cape Colony, a British colony in what is now South Africa. Solomon was an important member of the movement for responsible government and an opponent of Lord Carnarvon's Confederation scheme.

Koegas atrocities
The Koegas atrocities or Koegas affair (1878–80) was a notorious murder case in the Cape Colony, which led to deep political divisions and a follow-up campaign, due to the perceived racial bias of the country's Attorney General. It culminated in libel suits, filed by the government against several liberal leaders and news outlets.
Riverside station (River Line)
Riverside station is a station on the River Line light rail system, located on Franklin Street in Riverside, New Jersey. The station opened on March 15, 2004.

Southbound service from the station is available to Camden, New Jersey. It is the last station on the line before crossing the bridge over Rancocas Creek northbound to the Trenton Rail Station where there are connections to New Jersey Transit trains to New York City, SEPTA trains to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Amtrak trains. Transfer to the PATCO Speedline at the Walter Rand Transportation Center.

The station stands in the shadow of the historic Philadelphia Watch Case Company Building, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 31, 1978. The Pennsylvania Railroad's Riverside station lay across Pavilion Avenue from the current station site. Service between Trenton and Camden ended on June 28, 1963. The station building still stands and is home to the Riverside Historical Society.

Riverside Township, New Jersey
Riverside Township is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 8,003, a decrease of 76 (−0.9%) from the 2010 census count of 8,079, which in turn reflected an increase of 168 (+2.1%) from the 7,911 counted in the 2000 census. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

Riverside was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 20, 1895, from portions of Delran Township. A portion of the township was annexed by Delran in 1901. The township was originally named Progress which was changed to Riverside for its location on the Delaware River.
Banarhat railway station
Banarhat railway station is the railway station which serves the town of Banarhat in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies in the New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line of Northeast Frontier Railway zone, Alipurduar railway division. This railway station also serves the town of Samtse, Bhutan which is around 18 kilometres away by road from Banarhat railway station.

New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line
The New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line is a railway line that connects New Jalpaiguri- Siliguri Junction with Alipurduar and Samuktala Road in the Indian state of West Bengal. This railway line passes through the beautiful Doars region, which includes Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary, Dooars-Terai tea gardens, Sevoke Railway Bridge, River Teesta, River Jaldhaka, River Torsha, Gorumara National Park, Buxa Tiger Reserve, Jaldapara National Park, Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, Chilapata Forests,   Tunnels, Hills, Valleys etc.
Mother Earth Mother Board
"Mother Earth Mother Board" is an essay by Neal Stephenson that appeared in Wired Magazine in December 1996, on the subject of the history of undersea communication cables and a modern-day effort to lay the Fibre-optic Link Around the Globe. It was later reprinted in Some Remarks.

Some Remarks
Some Remarks: Essays and Other Writing is a collection of short fiction and nonfiction by the speculative fiction author Neal Stephenson. It is primarily composed of Stephenson's previously published articles, essays, and interviews although it does contain a previously unpublished essay titled "Arsebestos" and an unfinished short story "Under-Constable Proudfoot."
Glyncorrwg
Glyncorrwg is a village in the Afan Valley, in southern Wales.

Glyncorrwg is also the name of an electoral ward and formerly a community covering the village and surrounding countryside, in Neath Port Talbot county borough. Glyncorrwg is part of the community known as the Afan Valleys, which also contains the villages of Abergwynfi, Blaengwynfi, Croeserw, Cymmer, Abercregan, Duffryn and Glyncorwg itself. The population of the community of Glyncorrwg was recorded as 5,544 in the 2001 census, reducing to 5,283 at the 2011 census. The population of the Glyncorrwg electoral ward was 1,096 at the 2011 census.

River Afan
The River Afan (Welsh: Afon Afan) is a river in Wales whose valley formed the territory of the medieval Lords of Afan. The Afan Valley encompasses the upper reaches of the river. The valley is traversed by the A4107 road. Settlements in the area include Cwmafan, Pontrhydyfen and Cymmer. The town of Aberavon, whose name in Welsh Aberafan means 'mouth of the Afan', grew up on the banks of the river and was later subsumed by the town of Port Talbot.
Sugama Tōfuku-ji Stone Reliquary
Sugama Tōfukuji Stone Reliquary (須釜東福寺舎利石塔, Sugama Tōfukuji shari sekitō) is a Kamakura period stone reliquary monument located within the grounds of the temple of Tōfuku-ji in the village of Tamakawa, Fukushima Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.  The stele was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1935 by the Japanese government.

Tamakawa, Fukushima
Tamakawa (玉川村, Tamakawa-mura) is a village located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2020, the village had an estimated population of 6,497 in 2143 households, and a population density of 140 per km2. The total area of the village was 46.67 square kilometres (18.02 sq mi).
Turnover tax in the Soviet Union
The turnover tax (Russian: налог с оборота) in the Soviet Union was first introduced during the Soviet tax reform of 1930–1932, soon after the end of the New Economic Policy.  It was broadly similar to a value-added tax (VAT), though its specifics were crafted to serve various Soviet economic-planning goals.  It was the main overt or explicit tax during much of the Soviet period, providing 104 billion rubles of the total Soviet state incoming revenue of 180 billion rubles in 1940, for example. On June 30, 1975, the USSR Council of Ministers issued a decree about the turnover tax.

Turnover tax
A turnover tax is similar to VAT, with the difference that it taxes intermediate and possibly capital goods. It is an indirect tax, typically on an ad valorem basis, applicable to a production process or stage. For example, when manufacturing activity is completed, a tax may be charged on some companies. Sales tax occurs when merchandise has been sold.
Shin-Miyakawa Station
Shin-Miyakawa Station (新宮川駅, Shin-Miyakawa-eki) is a railway station in the town of Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa District, Toyama Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Toyama Chihō Railway.

Kamiichi, Toyama
Kamiichi (上市町, Kamiichi-machi) is a town located in Nakaniikawa District, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2018, the town had an estimated population of 20,827 in 7958 households  and a population density of 88 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 236.71 square kilometres (91.39 sq mi).
Northern Liberty Market
The Northern Liberty Market, later called Convention Hall Market and Center Market, was located on the east side of 5th Street NW, between K and L streets, in the present-day Mount Vernon Triangle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It operated from 1875 to 1963.

Mount Vernon Triangle
Mount Vernon Triangle is a neighborhood and community improvement district in the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. The neighborhood is located adjacent to Mount Vernon Square. Originally a working-class neighborhood established in the 19th century, present-day Mount Vernon Triangle experienced a decline in the mid-20th century as it transitioned from residential to commercial and industrial use.

The neighborhood has undergone significant and rapid redevelopment in the 21st century. It now consists mostly of high-rise condominiums, apartment and office buildings. Several historic buildings in the neighborhood have been preserved and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Mount Vernon Triangle is now considered a good example of urban planning and a walkable neighborhood.
33rd (Western) Anti-Aircraft Brigade
The 33rd (Western) Anti-Aircraft Brigade was an air defence formation of Anti-Aircraft Command of the Territorial Army, part of the British Army, formed shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War. It defended Merseyside and West Lancashire during The Blitz.

7th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers
The 7th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers, was a volunteer unit of Britain's Territorial Army from 1908 until 1967. Raised in Salford, Greater Manchester, it fought as infantry at Gallipoli, in Egypt and on the Western Front during the First World War. It served as a searchlight unit during the Second World War, particularly during the 'Liverpool Blitz', and continued in an air defence role postwar.
S.O.S. Titanic
S.O.S. Titanic is a 1979 drama disaster television movie that depicts the doomed 1912 maiden voyage of RMS Titanic from the perspective of three distinct groups of passengers in first, second and third class. Produced by EMI Films, the script, written by James Costigan, was based at least in part on survivor Lawrence Beesley's book The Loss of The SS Titanic: Its Story and Its Lessons, by One of the Survivors. The all star cast included David Janssen, Ian Holm, David Warner, Helen Mirren and Cloris Leachman. Directed by William Hale (credited as Billy Hale) with soundtrack by Howard Blake, it is the first Titanic film to be filmed and released in colour, not counting the 1964 musical The Unsinkable Molly Brown.

Margaret Brown
Margaret Brown (née Tobin; July 18, 1867 – October 26, 1932), posthumously known as the "Unsinkable Molly Brown", was an American socialite and philanthropist. She was a survivor of the RMS Titanic, which sank in 1912, and she unsuccessfully urged the crew in Lifeboat No. 6 to return to the debris field to look for survivors.

During her lifetime, her friends called her "Maggie", but by her death, obituaries referred to her as the "Unsinkable Mrs. Brown". Gene Fowler referred to her as "Molly Brown" in his 1933 book Timber Line. The following year, she was referred to as the "Unsinkable Mrs. Brown" and "Molly Brown" in newspapers.
Edwinstowe
Edwinstowe is a village and civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England, on the edge of Sherwood Forest and the Dukeries. It is associated with the legends of Robin Hood and Maid Marian, and to a lesser extent Edwin of Northumbria, from where the village gets its name. The parish population at the 2021 census was 5,320.

Newark and Sherwood
Newark and Sherwood is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest district by area in the county. The council is based in Newark-on-Trent, the area's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Southwell and Ollerton along with a large rural area containing many villages. Much of the district lies within the ancient Sherwood Forest and there are also extensive forestry plantations in the area.

The neighbouring districts are Rushcliffe, Gedling, Ashfield, Mansfield, Bassetlaw, West Lindsey, North Kesteven, South Kesteven and Melton. In 2021 it had a population of 123,383.