hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hannover Principles
The Hannover Principles is a set of statements about designing buildings and objects with forethought about their environmental impact, their effect on the sustainability of growth, and their overall impact on society.  They were first formulated by William McDonough and Michael Braungart for planning Expo 2000 in Hanover and are presented in a copyrighted 1992 document.

The principles are:

Insist on the right of humanity and nature to co-exist in a healthy, supportive, diverse and sustainable condition.

Recognize interdependence.

Respect relationships between spirit and matter.

Accept responsibility for the consequences of design decisions upon human well-being, the viability of natural systems and their right to co-exist.

Create safe objects of long-term value.

Eliminate the concept of waste.

Rely on natural energy flows.

Understand the limitations of design.

Seek constant improvement by the sharing of knowledge.

Expo 2000
Expo 2000 was a World Expo held in Hanover, Germany from 1 June to 31 October 2000. It was located on the Hanover Fairground (Messegelände Hannover), which is the largest exhibition ground in the world. Initially, some 40 million people were expected to attend the exhibition over the course of months; however, eventually with less than half of this number, the Expo was a flop and turned out to be a financial failure.

The Expo's masterplan was designed in a joint venture with Studio d'Arnaboldi / Cavadini, Locarno and AS&P (Albert Speer und Partner GmbH).
Courtship and marriage in Tudor England
Courtship and marriage in Tudor England (1485–1603) marked the legal rite of passage for individuals as it was considered the transition from youth to adulthood. It was an affair that often involved not only the man and woman in courtship but their parents and families as well. While the lower class had more freedom to choose their spouse, the middle and higher classes often searched for ways to build upon a family's wealth, to elevate a family's position within society, or to secure an alliance between families.

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Magliano Sabina
Magliano Sabina (Local dialect: Majjanu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, at Tiber Valley, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Rome and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Rieti. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,829 and an area of 43.7 square kilometres (16.9 sq mi).

Magliano Sabina borders the following municipalities: Calvi dell'Umbria, Civita Castellana, Collevecchio, Gallese, Montebuono, Orte, Otricoli. Its frazione of Foglia is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

The Cathedral is also known as the Concattedrale di San Liberatore Vescovo e Martire.

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Hook and Cod wars
The Hook and Cod wars (Dutch: Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten; sometimes semi-anglicised as the wars of the Hoecks and the Cabbeljaws) comprise a series of wars and battles in the County of Holland between 1350 and 1490. Most of these wars were fought over who should hold the title of "Count of Holland".
The Cod faction generally consisted of the more progressive cities of Holland. The Hook faction consisted for a large part of the conservative noblemen.

William I, Duke of Bavaria
William I, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (Frankfurt am Main, 12 May 1330 – 15 April 1389, Le Quesnoy), was the second son of Emperor Louis IV and Margaret II of Hainaut. He was also known as William V, Count of Holland, as William III, Count of Hainaut and as William IV Count of Zeeland.
Victoria Stambaugh
Victoria Stambaugh (born 4 May 1993) is a Puerto Rican taekwondo practitioner. She is a two-time medalist at the Central American and Caribbean Games.

She competed in the women's 49 kg event at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru. In 2020, she qualified at the Pan American Olympic Qualification Tournament to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. She competed in the women's 49 kg event where she was eliminated in her first match by Avishag Semberg of Israel 22-2.

Avishag Semberg
Avishag Semberg (or Abishag Samberg, Hebrew: אבישג סמברג; born  (2001-09-16)16 September 2001) is an Israeli Olympic taekwondo athlete. She is an Olympic bronze medalist for Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the women's 49 kg competition. She won Israel's all-time tenth Olympic medal, and is the youngest Israeli to receive an Olympic medal, at the age of 19. Semberg represented Israel at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the women's taekwondo -49 kg category. Saudi athlete Dunya Abutaleb defeated Semberg in the first round.
Markov chain Monte Carlo
In statistics, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a class of algorithms used to draw samples from a probability distribution. Given a probability distribution, one can construct a Markov chain whose elements' distribution approximates it – that is, the Markov chain's equilibrium distribution matches the target distribution. The more steps that are included, the more closely the distribution of the sample matches the actual desired distribution.

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to study probability distributions that are too complex or too high dimensional to study with analytic techniques alone. Various algorithms exist for constructing such Markov chains, including the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm.

Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as more information becomes available. Fundamentally, Bayesian inference uses a prior distribution to estimate posterior probabilities. Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data. Bayesian inference has found application in a wide range of activities, including science, engineering, philosophy, medicine, sport, and law. In the philosophy of decision theory, Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often called "Bayesian probability".
Sealggajávri
Sealggajávri is a lake in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The 4.38-square-kilometre (1.69 sq mi) lake lies just north of the Storsteinfjellet mountain, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of the village of Beisfjord.  The ending -jávri is the word for "lake" in the Northern Sami language.

Storsteinsfjellet
Storsteinsfjellet is a mountain ridge in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The mountain ridge is about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) long and it has six peaks over 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) in elevation.  The highest peak is Kirken at 1,894 metres (6,214 ft) above sea level.  Storsteinsfjellet lies about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of the town of Narvik.  The lake Sealggajávri lies immediately north of the mountain and the lake Lossivatnet lies just west of the mountain.
Jógvan Poulsen
Jógvan Poulsen was the Lawman of the Faroe Islands twice, from 1654 to 1655, and from 1662 to 1677.

Jógvan Poulsen was Faroese. He married the daughter of previous Lawman Jógvan Justinusson. Jógvan Poulsen was raised on a farm in Oyri, before he became elected leader of the Lagting. King Frederik III of Denmark did not like Jógvan Poulsen as Lawman and replaced him with the Dane Balzer Jacobsen, one of Christoffer Gabel's supporters. Gabel at this time had a monopoly on trade to and from the Faroe Islands, so this was much better for him. Jacobsen was Lawman until 1661, when Jógvan Poulsen again took over.

His son, Jákup Jógvansson, later also became Lawman of the Faroe Islands.

Balzer Jacobsen
Balzer Jacobsen was Lawman (prime minister) of the Faroe Islands from 1655 to 1661.

Balzer Jacobsen was Danish, and was put in place by King Frederik III against the will of the Faroese Løgting. Jacobsen was first and foremost of Christoffer Gabel's men, who was vogt (overseer) of the Faroe Islands. Gabel also had a monopoly on trade to and from the islands during this period. In 1661, Jógvan Poulsen regained control as Lawman and Jacobsen withdrew to Denmark, but the real power in the Faroe Islands still lay with the land owners. This period of Faroese history is known in Faroese as Gablatíðin, and was difficult due to the trade monopoly and wishes from Copenhagen about the crown's absolute control of the fiefdom.
NGC 5888
NGC 5888 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Boötes. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 8,817±8 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 424.1 ± 29.7 Mly (130.04 ± 9.10 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 9 April 1787.

NGC 5888 is a is a LINER galaxy, i.e. a galaxy whose nucleus has an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms. It also has an active galaxy nucleus, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars.

NGC 5888, together with NGC 5886, form a gravitationally bound pair of galaxies.

Boötes
Boötes (/boʊˈoʊtiːz/ boh-OH-teez) is a constellation in the northern sky, located between 0° and +60° declination, and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere. The name comes from Latin: Boōtēs, which comes from Ancient Greek: Βοώτης, romanized: Boṓtēs 'herdsman' or 'plowman' (literally, 'ox-driver'; from βοῦς boûs 'cow').

One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Boötes is now one of the 88 modern constellations. It contains the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, the orange giant Arcturus. Epsilon Boötis, or Izar, is a colourful multiple star popular with amateur astronomers. Boötes is home to many other bright stars, including eight above the fourth magnitude and an additional 21 above the fifth magnitude, making a total of 29 stars easily visible to the naked eye.
Sudan Defence Force
The Sudan Defence Force (SDF) was a formation of the British Colonial Auxiliary Forces raised in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1925 to assist local police in internal security duties and maintain the condominium's territorial integrity. During World War II, it also served in East Africa as part of the East African campaign and in North Africa during the Western Desert campaign.

Reginald Scoones
Major-General Sir Reginald Laurence Scoones, KBE, CB, DSO (18 December 1900 – October 1991) was a British Army officer who served during the Second World War and its aftermath. His older brother was General Sir Geoffry Scoones.
Vlierzele
Vlierzele is a village on the Molenbeek, in the Denderstreek, at the edge of the Flemish Ardennes, the hilly southern part of East Flanders, Belgium. It belongs to the municipality of Sint-Lievens-Houtem.

Etymologically the name Vlierzele is derived from Fliteritsale (in 639) and Vliendersele (in 1412). This is a combination of either the plant name "vlier", which is Dutch for "elder", or the person's name Flether, and "sale" or "sele", which both mean place of residence in Old-Dutch.

The neighbouring villages are:

Bambrugge

Bavegem

Borsbeke

Burst

Erondegem

Letterhoutem

Ottergem

Oordegem

Papegem

Vlekkem

Zonnegem

Burst (village)
Burst is a sub-municipality of Erpe-Mere in Belgium. It is located on the Molenbeek in the Denderstreek, southeast of East Flanders and belongs to the Arrondissement of Aalst. It is bordered by the sub-municipalities of Bambrugge and Aaigem, as well as the municipalities of Herzele (sub-municipalities Ressegem and Borsbeke) and Sint-Lievens-Houtem (sub-municipalities Zonnegem and Vlierzele). Burst had 2968 inhabitants on 1 January 2003 and an area of 3.83 km. The population density was 776 / km ².
Edison, Washington
Edison is a census-designated place (CDP) in Skagit County, Washington, United States. The population was 240 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Mount Vernon–Anacortes, Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Equality Colony
Equality Colony was a United States socialist colony founded in Skagit County, Washington by the socialist Brotherhood of the Cooperative Commonwealth in 1897. It was meant to serve as a model that would lead to the conversion of the rest of Washington, and later the entire continent, to socialism. It survived for a few years as a Edward Bellamy-inspired intentional community but succumbed to internal divisions in 1907.
Keeler, Saskatchewan
Keeler (2016 population: 15) is a special service area in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Marquis No. 191 and Census Division No. 7. It held village status prior to 2021.

Rural Municipality of Marquis No. 191
The Rural Municipality of Marquis No. 191 (2016 population: 297) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 7 and SARM Division No. 2. It is located in the south-central portion of the province.
S.F.K. Pierikos
Syndesmos Filathlon Katerinis Pierikos (Greek: Σύνδεσμος Φιλάθλων Κατερίνης Πιερικός, Supporters' Association of Katerini Pierikos), founded in 1961, is a Greek multi-sport club and parent club of Pierikos, based in the town of Katerini, capital of Pieria regional unit, located in Central Macedonia, Greece. The club is also known as S.F.K. Pierikos, or simply Pierikos, and its colours are white.

GAS Archelaos Katerinis
Archelaos Katerinis (full name Gymnastikos Athlitikos Syllogos Archelaos Katerinis, GAS Archelaos Katerinis – Greek: Γυμναστικός Αθλητικός Σύλλογος Αρχέλαος Καστερίνης, ΓΑΣ Αρχέλαος Κατερίνης) is a Greek multisport club based in Katerini. The club has sport departments in various sports, but the most successful is the handball team. The handball team has won two Greek cup.
Johann Freytag von Loringhoven
Johann Freitag von Loringhoven (c. 1430 - 26 May 1494), also known as Johann Freytag von Loringhoven, and Johann Fridach van Loringhoffe, was a knight of the Teutonic knights and a member of the Freytag von Loringhoven family. Most notably, from 1483 to 1494, he was a Master (Landmiester) of the Livonian Order.

Freytag-Loringhoven
The Freytag von Loringhoven is a German noble family that originated in Westphalia. It was an Uradel family whose name is also spelled as Vrydach, Frydag, Freydag and various other slightly different spellings.
Kulstadholmane
Kulstadholmane (English: Kulstad Islands or Kulstad Islets) is the southernmost group of islets in Thousand Islands, an archipelago south of Edgeøya. It comprises Håøya and the skerries or islets surrounding it: Håungen, Håkallen and Håkjerringa. The islets are named after the Norwegian sealing skipper Johan Kulstad, who was shipwrecked in Storfjorden in 1853 before being rescued by the Danish skipper Schau.

Håkjerringa
Håkjerringa (English: The Greenland Shark) is an islet on the western coast of Håøya in Kulstadholmane, part of Thousand Islands, an archipelago south of Edgeøya. A large number of Greenland sharks inhabit the waters around the island.
John H. Addams Homestead
The John H. Addams Homestead, also known as the Jane Addams Birthplace, is located in the Stephenson County village of Cedarville, Illinois, United States. The homestead property, a 5.5-acre (22,000 m2) site, includes an 1840s era Federal style house, a Pennsylvania-style barn, and the remains of John H. Addams' mill complex. The house was built in two portions, in 1846 and 1854 by Addams; he added some minor additions during the 1870s. Other major alterations took place during a 1950s modernization of the home. The homestead has been noted for its significance to industry and politics. On September 6, 1860, future Nobel Peace Prize recipient Jane Addams was born in the house.

Cedarville, Illinois
Cedarville is a village in Stephenson County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Cedarville had a population of 663. It is the birthplace of social activist Jane Addams, the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize winner.
Chushka Spit
Chushka Spit (Russian: Коса Чушка) is a sandy spit in the northern part of the Strait of Kerch. It extends from Cape Achilleion and the town of Ilich to the south-west in the direction of the Black Sea for almost 18 kilometres (11 mi). Administratively, it belongs to Temryuksky District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia.

Ilich, Russia
Ilich or Il'ich (Russian: Ильич) is a village in the Temryuksky District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia.
The village is located on the Kerch Strait, near its mouth on the Sea of Azov. The Chushka Spit extends from the village to the south.
Peraluminous rock
Peraluminous rocks are igneous rocks that have a molecular proportion of aluminium oxide higher than the combination of sodium oxide, potassium oxide and calcium oxide. This contrasts with peralkaline in which the alkalis are higher, metaluminous where aluminium oxide concentration is lower than the combination, but above the alkalis, and subaluminous in which aluminia concentration is lower than the combination. Examples of peraluminous minerals include biotite, muscovite, cordierite, andalusite and garnet.

Peraluminous corresponds to the aluminum saturation index values greater than 1.

Peraluminous magmas can form S-type granitoids and have been linked to collisional orogenies and to the formation of tin, tungsten and silver deposits such as those in the Bolivian tin belt.

Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.
Islamic Unification Movement
The Islamic Unification Movement – IUM (Arabic: حركة التوحيد الإسلامي | Harakat al-Tawhid al-Islami), also named Islamic Unity Movement, but best known as Al-Tawhid, At-Tawhid, or Tawheed, is a Lebanese Sunni Muslim political party. It has played an active role in Lebanese internal politics since the Lebanese Civil War in the 1980s.

Islamic Labor Front
The Islamic Labor Front – ILF (Arabic: جبهة العمل الإسلامي, romanized: Jabhat al-A'amal al-Islamy), is a gathering of several Islamic parties and personalities in Lebanon led by Sunni Daaiya Fathi Yakan.
Law of contagion
The law of contagion is a folk belief that suggests that once two people or objects have been in contact, a magical link persists between them unless or until a formal cleansing, consecration, exorcism, or other act of banishing breaks the non-material bond. The first description of the law of contagion appeared in The Golden Bough by James George Frazer.

Psychometry (paranormal)
In parapsychology, psychometry (from Greek: ψυχή, psukhē, "spirit, soul" and μέτρον, metron, "measure"), also known as token-object reading, or psychoscopy, is a form of extrasensory perception characterized by the purported ability to glean accurate knowledge of an object's history by making physical contact with that object. Supporters assert that an object may have an energy field that transfers knowledge regarding that object's history.

There is no evidence that psychometry exists, and the concept has been widely criticized.
Spectrogram
A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time. 
When applied to an audio signal, spectrograms are sometimes called sonographs, voiceprints, or voicegrams. When the data are represented in a 3D plot they may be called waterfall displays.

Spectrograms are used extensively in the fields of music, linguistics, sonar, radar, speech processing, seismology, ornithology, and others. Spectrograms of audio can be used to identify spoken words phonetically, and to analyse the various calls of animals.

A spectrogram can be generated by an optical spectrometer, a bank of band-pass filters, by Fourier transform or by a wavelet transform (in which case it is also known as a scaleogram or scalogram).

A spectrogram is usually depicted as a heat map, i.e., as an image with the intensity shown by varying the colour or brightness.

Wavelet transform
In mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet. This article provides a formal, mathematical definition of an orthonormal wavelet and of the integral wavelet transform.
West Falkland
West Falkland (Spanish: Isla Gran Malvina) is the second largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. It is a hilly island, separated from East Falkland by the Falkland Sound. Its area is  4,532 square kilometres (1,750 square miles), 37% of the total area of the islands. Its coastline is 1,258.7 kilometres (782.1 miles) long.

Port Albemarle
Port Albemarle (Spanish: Puerto Santa Eufemia) is a settlement on West Falkland, in the Falkland Islands. It is in the far south of the island, on the east side, at the southern end of Falkland Sound.

Owing to its large harbour, Albemarle became a successful sealing station, during the late 19th century, and the ruins of the buildings are still to be seen. It was enlarged during the post-World War II period by the Colonial Development Company like Ajax Bay, and included its own power station, jetty, Nissen huts etc.. These have all been abandoned, but there is still a sheep station here.

The Arch Islands are near here.