hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Down, County Westmeath
Down is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 8.17 kilometres (5 mi) north of Mullingar.

Down is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Tyfarnham in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. 
The townland covers 181 acres (0.73 km2). The River Gaine, forming the eastern boundary of the townland, is a tributary of the River Inny.

The neighbouring townlands are: Tyfarnham to the north, Galmoylestown Lower to the east, Garrysallagh and Loughanstown to the south and Knightswood  and Rathlevanagh to the west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there was 1 house and 3 inhabitants in the townland.

Tyfarnham
Tyfarnham (Irish: Tigh Farannáin) is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 9.4 kilometres (6 mi) north of Mullingar.

Tyfarnham is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Tyfarnham in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 313.2 acres (1.267 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Killintown to the north, Larkinstown to the east, Galmoylestown Lower to the south–east, Down to the south, Knightswood to the south–west, Culleenabohoge to the west and Multyfarnham or Fearbranagh to the north–west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there was 1 house and 3 inhabitants in the townland.
Watch Hill, Rhode Island
Watch Hill is an affluent coastal neighborhood and census-designated place in the town of Westerly, Rhode Island. The population was 154 at the 2010 census. It sits at the most-southwestern point in Rhode Island. It came to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th century as an exclusive summer resort, with wealthy families building sprawling Victorian-style "cottages" along the peninsula. Watch Hill is characterized by The New York Times as a community "with a strong sense of privacy and of discreetly used wealth," in contrast with "the overpowering castles of the very rich" in nearby Newport.

Sandy Point Island
Sandy Point Island (more commonly referred to as Sandy Point) is a 35-acre (14 ha) island in Little Narragansett Bay, lying mostly in Westerly, Rhode Island and partly in Stonington, Connecticut. Once an extension of Napatree Point, Sandy Point is now a one-mile-long (1.6 km) island that serves as an important nature preserve and recreation site. Sandy Point is the westernmost piece of land in the state of Rhode Island.
Church Hill North Historic District
The Church Hill North Historic District is a historic district in Richmond, Virginia, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.  An expansion of the district was listed in 2000.  This added 37 acres (15 ha) to the original 70 acres (28 ha)

The original listing included 587 contributing buildings; 265 more were added in the expansion.
The original included the 1854 Leigh Street Baptist Church by architects Samuel Sloan with cast iron stairs by Asa Snyder and the 1938 Art Deco style East End Theater by Henry Carl Messerschmidt (1891-1994).  Venable Street Baptist Church built by T. Wiley Davis in the 1880s was part of the added area.  The added area also included the Venable Street Baptist Church built in 1891, designed by M. J. Dimmock, the Dean of Richmond Architecture and built by D. Wiley Davis and a hip-roofed Sunday school church addition to East End Baptist Church added by Herbert Levi Cain in 1919.

Leigh Street Baptist Church
Leigh Street Baptist Church, also known as Church Hill Presbyterian Church, is a historic Southern Baptist church in Church Hill North Historic District which is in Richmond, Virginia. It was designed by architect Samuel Sloan and built between 1854 and 1857. It is a three-story, Greek Revival style stuccoed brick structure.  It features a Grecian Doric, pedimented portico with six fluted columns and a full entablature which continues around the side of the church.  Additions were made in 1911, 1917, and 1930.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. In 2021, the Baptist congregation transferred its building to Church Hill Presbyterian Church, a church plant of the Presbyterian Church in America.
Richard Meltzer
Richard Meltzer (born May 10, 1945) is an American rock critic, performer, writer and songwriter. He is considered by some rock historians to be the first to write real analysis of rock and roll and is credited with inventing "rock criticism".

Secret Treaties
Secret Treaties is the third studio album by American rock band Blue Öyster Cult, released on April 5, 1974 by Columbia. It features the same band members and production team as their previous album.

The album spent 14 weeks in the US album charts, peaking at No. 53. It was certified gold by the RIAA in 1992.

In 1975, a poll of readers of the British magazine Melody Maker voted Secret Treaties the "Top Rock Album of All Time". In 2010, Rhapsody called it one of the all-time best "proto-metal" albums.

It is the only BÖC album that does not feature a track with lead vocals sung by guitarist Donald "Buck Dharma" Roeser. The band also did not write any of the lyrics to the album, handing that duty to producer Sandy Pearlman, rock critic Richard Meltzer and singer Patti Smith.
Smetana (dairy product)
Smetana is the English-language name for the different types of sour cream traditionally prevalent in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, and Central Asia. It is a dairy product produced by souring heavy cream. It is similar to crème fraîche, but nowadays mainly sold with 9% to 42% milkfat content depending on the country. Its cooking properties are different from crème fraîche and sour cream sold in the US, which contain 18% butterfat. It is widely used in cooking and baking.

In some of the Slavic languages (Czech, Slovak, Slovenian) the sole word smetana refers to (sweet) cream. In these cases an adjective (zakysaná, kyslá, kisla) meaning 'soured' is needed when referring to smetana in the English sense.

Pelmeni
Pelmeni (Russian: пельмени, pel’meni, pronounced [pʲɪlʲˈmʲenʲɪ]; sg. pelmen, пельмень, pel’men’, pronounced [pʲɪlʲˈmʲenʲ]) are dumplings of Russian cuisine that consist of a filling wrapped in thin, unleavened dough. They are considered a national dish.

Pelmeni became a staple of Russian cuisine during the period of Russian expansion into the Ural Mountains and Siberia. Pelmeni also have deep roots in the traditions and folklore of the regions of Komi and Udmurtia in Russia, and figure prominently in Komi and Udmurt cuisine. The name itself was borrowed from the languages of the Komi and Udmurts.
Surface Pen
The Surface Pen is an active stylus and digital pen developed by Microsoft for its series of Surface computing devices. It is designed to showcase the pen computing capabilities of Microsoft's Windows 8/8.1, Windows 10 and Windows 11 operating systems.

Surface Pro 4
The Surface Pro 4 is the fourth-generation Surface-series 2-in-1 detachable, designed, developed, and marketed by Microsoft. The Surface Pro 4 was announced on October 6, 2015, alongside the Surface Book. In the U.S. and Canada, the Surface Pro 4 was released on October 26, 2015.

The Surface Pro 4 is an update over its predecessor, featuring Skylake CPUs, more RAM and SSD options, and a 12.3-inch display with a greater resolution. At the same time, the device is compatible with most of its predecessor's accessories.

The device's successor, the 2017 Surface Pro, was announced in May 2017, ahead of a release the following month.

The Surface Laptop 4 is a separate line of Surface devices from Microsoft, released in April 2021.
Chal
Chal, also shubat or khoormog (Kazakh: шұбат, şūbat, pronounced [ʂo̙bɑt], Mongolian: хоормог, khoormog, pronounced [χɔ̙ːrmɞ̙k]), is a Turkic (especially Turkmen, Uzbek and Kazakh) and Mongolic beverage of fermented camel milk, sparkling white with a sour flavor, popular in Central Asia — particularly in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. In Kazakhstan the drink is known as shubat, and is a staple summer food. Due to preparation requirements and perishable nature, chal has proved difficult to export. Agaran (fermented cream) is collected from the surface of chal.

Camel milk
Camel milk is milk from female camels.  It has supported nomad and pastoral cultures since the domestication of camels millennia ago. Herders may for periods survive solely on the milk when taking the camels on long distances to graze in desert and arid environments, especially in parts of the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa. The camel dairy farming industry has grown in Australia and the United States, as an environmentally friendly alternative to cow dairy farming using a species well-adapted to arid regions.
Camel milk has different nutritional characteristics from cow milk, but the proportions of nutrients can be highly variable based on a number of factors, including type and age of camel, climate, what it eats, and milking method. It can be used to make products such as yogurt and ice cream, but is not so easily turned into butter or cheese. Camel milk tastes similar to cow's milk.
Conscientious Objector Support Group
The Conscientious Objector Support Group (COSG), a support group to conscientious objectors (COs) in South Africa, was formed in 1978. The organisation grew in the context of South African resistance to war, at the time of Apartheid.
COs at the time included those who openly refused to report to the Military, once conscripted, those who were sometimes referred to as draft dodgers, and in due course those who were doing statutory community service.

South African resistance to war
South African resistance to war has a long tradition, and a history that includes conscientious objectors, pacifists, deserters and draft dodgers, as well as those whose objections are based upon the notion of "just war" as opposed to unjust or illegal war.
Anna Maria Calhoun Clemson
Anna Maria Calhoun Clemson (February 13, 1817 – September 22, 1875) was the daughter of John C. Calhoun and Floride Calhoun (née Colhoun), and the wife of Thomas Green Clemson, the founder of Clemson University.

Fort Hill (Clemson University, South Carolina)
Fort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun House and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Pickens County, South Carolina, United States, near the City of Clemson.

From 1825-1850, the house was the home of noted proponent of slavery and constitutional Nullification, John C. Calhoun, the 7th Vice President of the United States.

Clemson University was established on the Fort Hill slave-operated plantation site in 1889, and in accordance with the terms of its inheritance, has maintained the house and its immediate parcel as a museum and library — all that remains of what originally was an approximately 1,000 acre plantation estate.
Capital Region, Venezuela
The Capital Region (Spanish: Región Capital) is one of the nine administrative regions of Venezuela. It includes the states of Miranda and La Guaira, as well as the Capital District. In 2011, the population of the region was reported to be more than 5 million people.

The Caribbean Sea forms the region’s northern boundary. The other regions which it borders are the Central Region to the west, the Llanos Region to the south, and the Northeastern Region to the west.

Northeastern Region, Venezuela
The Northeastern Region (Spanish: Región Nor Oriental) is one of the nine administrative regions of Venezuela. It comprises the states of Anzoátegui, Monagas, and Sucre.

The Caribbean Sea forms the region's northern boundary. The other regions which it borders are the Capital Region to the northwest, the Llanos Region to the west, and the Guayana Region to the south and east.
Filter on a set
In mathematics, a filter on a set is a family of subsets which is closed under supersets and finite intersections. The concept originates in topology, where the neighborhoods of a point form a filter on the space. Filters were introduced by Henri Cartan in 1937 and, as described in the article dedicated to filters in topology, they were subsequently used by Nicolas Bourbaki in their book Topologie Générale as an alternative to the related notion of a net developed in 1922 by E. H. Moore and Herman L. Smith. They have also found applications in model theory and set theory.

Filters on a set were later generalized to order filters. Specifically, a filter on a set  is an order filter on the power set of  ordered by inclusion.

The notion dual to a filter is an ideal. Ultrafilters are a particularly important subclass of filters.

Neighbourhood (mathematics)
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a neighbourhood (or neighborhood) is one of the basic concepts in a topological space. It is closely related to the concepts of open set and interior. Intuitively speaking, a neighbourhood of a point is a set of points containing that point where one can move some amount in any direction away from that point without leaving the set.
Osh
Osh (English: /ɒʃ/, Kyrgyz: [Ош] ⓘ, Russian: [Ош]) is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country. It is often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country (estimated by UNESCO to be more than 3,000 years old) and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of 322,164 in 2021, comprising  Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Koreans, and other smaller ethnic groups.

Jamala
Susana Alimivna Jamaladinova (born 27 August 1983), known professionally as Jamala, is a Ukrainian singer. She represented Ukraine and won the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with her song "1944". From 2017 to 2025, she has served as a judge at Vidbir, the Ukrainian national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest. In November 2023, Russia added Jamala to its wanted list.
Banjska River
The Banjska River (Serbian: Бањска река, romanized: Banjska reka, lit. 'Baths River') is a river in southern Serbia, the right tributary of Toplica in which it flows near Kuršumlija. It rises under the far south-eastern branch of Kopaonik. It is 22 km long, with a river basin area of 155 km². The average flow at the mouth is 0,7 m³/s. The valley of the river is mostly ravines, while the basin is rich in forest. The Kuršumlija-Kuršumlijska Banja-Prepolac Pass-Podujevo-Priština road leads by that valley.

Toplica (South Morava)
The Toplica (Serbian Cyrillic: Топлица, pronounced [tɔ̂plitsa]) is a river in southern Serbia. The river is 130 km long and gives its name to the region it flows through, which constitutes most of the modern Toplica District of Serbia.
Koria railway station
The Koria railway station (Finnish: Korian rautatieasema, Swedish: Koria järnvägsstation) is located in the town of Kouvola, Finland, in the urban area and district of Koria. It is located along the Lahti–Kouvola railway, and its neighboring stations are Kausala in the west and Kouvola in the east.

Koria
Koria is an urban area (taajama) in the region of Kymenlaakso, Finland. It is under the administration of the town of Kouvola. It is located on Finnish national road 6 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) west of the Kouvola centre and 129 kilometres (80 mi) from Helsinki.

Prior to 2009, Koria was part of the town of Elimäki's administrative area, and possessed a population of 5,100 inhabitants. After 2009, Elimäki was consolidated along with 5 other municipalities to form the Town of Kouvola. It is neighbored by the districts of Kankaro, Ruotsula, Keltti, Muhniemi and Myllykoski. The garrison of pioneer troops operated from 1945 to 1994 in Koria.

A data center of TikTok is planned in Koria.
Foiled
Foiled is the fourth studio album by American rock band Blue October, released on April 4, 2006, by Universal Records. The album debuted at number 29 on the US Billboard 200, marking the band's first entry on the chart. The album was certified gold in the United States on August 9, 2006, and on February 22, 2007, was certified platinum. The album was also a success in Canada, where it has also achieved platinum status. It was supported by four singles: "Hate Me", "Into the Ocean", "She's My Ride Home", and "X Amount of Words".

Justin Furstenfeld
Justin Steward Furstenfeld (born December 14, 1975) is an American musician. He is the lead vocalist, guitarist, and lyricist of the rock band Blue October. He is also a member of the band Harvard of the South.
Sudbury, Derbyshire
Sudbury is a village and civil parish in Derbyshire, England, located about 9 miles (14 km) south of Ashbourne. It is part of the Derbyshire Dales district. The population as recorded at the 2001 Census was 976, increasing to 1,010 at the 2011 Census. The £0.5m A50 bypass opened in 1972.  The parish includes the hamlets of Aston, Aston Heath, Dalebrook and Oaks Green.

Sudbury Hall and HM Prison Sudbury are located here.

Derbyshire Dales
Derbyshire Dales (/ˈdɑːrbiʃɪər, -ʃər/ DAR-bee-sheer, -⁠shər) is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The district was created in 1974 as West Derbyshire; the name was changed to Derbyshire Dales in 1987. The council is based in the town of Matlock, and the district also includes the towns of Ashbourne, Bakewell, Darley Dale and Wirksworth, as well as numerous villages and extensive rural areas. Much of the district is within the Peak District National Park.

The neighbouring districts are High Peak, Sheffield, North East Derbyshire, Amber Valley, South Derbyshire, East Staffordshire and Staffordshire Moorlands.
Carbonyl bromide
Carbonyl bromide, also known as bromophosgene, is a carbon oxohalide and a bromine analogue of phosgene, with the chemical formula COBr2. It is a colorless liquid. Carbonyl bromide is a decomposition product of halon compounds used in fire extinguishers.

Phosgene
Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. It can be thought of chemically as the double acyl chloride analog of carbonic acid, or structurally as formaldehyde with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. In 2013, about 75–80 % of global phosgene was consumed for isocyanates, 18% for polycarbonates and about 5% for other fine chemicals.

Phosgene is extremely poisonous and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths. It is a highly potent pulmonary irritant and quickly filled enemy trenches due to it being a heavy gas.

It is classified as a Schedule 3 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to its industrial production, small amounts occur from the breakdown and the combustion of organochlorine compounds, such as chloroform.
Petko Sirakov
Petko Sirakov (Bulgarian: Петко Сираков) (16 February 1929 – 8 April 1996) was a Bulgarian wrestler who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was the father of the former Bulgarian footballer Nasko Sirakov.

Nasko Sirakov
Nasko Petkov Sirakov (Bulgarian: Наско Петков Сираков; born 26 April 1962) is a Bulgarian retired professional footballer who played mainly as a striker. He is the major shareholder of Levski Sofia.

Part of the Bulgaria national team at the 1994 FIFA World Cup as it finished fourth, he was one of the most important footballers in the country in the 1980s and 1990s, representing Levski Sofia in four separate spells.

Having surpassed the 200-goal mark as a professional – he was crowned the country's top division topscorer four times – Sirakov also worked with his main club in directorial capacities.
Mercury Tower
Mercury Tower is a skyscraper situated in St. Julian's, Malta. At 121 metres (397 ft) tall, it has been Malta's tallest building since 2020 when it overtook the Portomaso Tower upon its topping out. The building has 32 floors of mixed residential and hotel space. This development is one of the last concept designs signed off by Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid personally before her death in 2016.

The most iconic feature of the building is the twisted area between levels 10 and 13 that provides its distinctive appearance. The tower's design is partially integrated into the former Mercury House, which had been built in 1903 to house the country's telecoms infrastructure. This building is a Grade II listed structure, and has been restored and reinvented as part of the project.

St. Julian's, Malta
Saint Julian's (Maltese: San Ġiljan) is a town in the Eastern Region of Malta. As of 2020, its registered number of inhabitants stands at 13,792. It is situated along the coast, north of the country's capital, Valletta. It is known for tourism-oriented businesses, such as hotels, restaurants and nightclubs which are centred mainly in an area known as Paceville.
Cicindela aurofasciata
Cicindela aurofasciata (sometimes called the "gold cross") is a species of tiger beetle endemic to India. It usually occurs in open grass dominated habitats and varies in size between 12 and 14 mm long. It is closely related to Cicindela goryi which was treated as a subspecies.

The larval stages build angular turrets.

Cicindela goryi
Cicindela goryi is a species of tiger beetle from southern India. It was earlier treated as a subspecies of the closely related Cicindela aurofasciata.

Unlike in Cicindela aurofasciata, goryi has the two yellow elytral bands broad and fused to form a cross. They have a wider distribution and are found in the plains of peninsular India unlike aurofasciata which is found in the Western Ghats.

The name goryi derives from the collections of H. L. Gory from which Maximilien Chaudoir described the species.
Split platform
A split platform, stacked platform, or separate platform is a station that has a platform for each track, split onto two or more levels.  This configuration allows a narrower station plan (or footprint) horizontally, at the expense of a deeper (or higher) vertical elevation, because sets of tracks and platforms are stacked above each other. Where two rail lines cross or run parallel for a time, split platforms are sometimes used in a hybrid arrangement that allows for convenient cross-platform interchange between trains running in the same general direction.

Railway platform
A railway platform is an area in a train station alongside a railway track providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms.

Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan hosts 44 platforms, more than any other rail station in the world. The world's longest station platform is at Hubballi Junction in India at 1,507 metres (4,944 ft). The Appalachian Trail station or Benson station in the United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench.

Among some American train conductors, the word "platform" has entered usage as a verb meaning "to berth at a station", as in the announcement: "The last two cars of this train will not platform at East Rockaway".
Fulton, Missouri
Fulton is the largest city in and the county seat of Callaway County, Missouri, United States. Located about 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Jefferson City and the Missouri River and 20 miles (32 km) east of Columbia, the city is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 12,600 at the 2020 census. The city is home to two universities, Westminster College and William Woods University; the Missouri School for the Deaf; the Fulton State Hospital; and the Fulton Reception and Diagnostic Center state prison. Missouri's only nuclear power plant, the Callaway Plant is located 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Fulton.

Jefferson City metropolitan area
The Jefferson City metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of four counties – Cole, Callaway, Moniteau, and Osage – in central Missouri anchored by the city of Jefferson City.  As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 150,316. The Jefferson City MSA consists of four counties, and borders the Columbia metropolitan area to the north.