hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hwasong-14
The Hwasong-14 (Korean: 《화성-14》형; lit. Mars Type 14) is a mobile intercontinental ballistic missile developed by North Korea. It had its maiden flight on 4 July 2017, which coincided with the United States' Independence Day. North Korea is the only known operator of this missile.

RD-250
The RD-250 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-250, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-250, lit. 'Rocket Engine 250', GRAU index: 8D518) is the base version of a dual-nozzle family of liquid-fuel rocket engines, burning a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer in a gas-generator open cycle. The RD-250 was developed by OKB-456 for Yangel's PA Yuzhmash ICBM, the R-36 (8K67). Its variations were also used on the Tsyklon-2 and Tsyklon-3 launch vehicles. It was supposed to be used on the Tsyklon-4, but since the cancellation of the project it should be considered as out of production.
J. J. Giltinan Shield
The J.J. Giltinan Shield is an Australian rugby league trophy, awarded annually to the National Rugby League minor premiers. It was named after James J. Giltinan who was central to the founding of rugby league in Australia. Giltinan died in 1950 and the Shield was created for the following season in his honour, first introduced for the 1951 New South Wales Rugby Football League season. From 1951, the Shield was awarded to the winner of the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) Grand Final, replacing the Labor Daily Cup.  In addition to the Shield, premiership winning teams received the W. D. & H. O. Wills Cup from 1960 to 1981, the Winfield Cup from 1982 to 1995, and the Optus Cup in 1996. Since 1997 the J.J. Giltinan Shield has been awarded to the competition's minor premiers.

Minor premiership
A minor premiership is the title given to the team which finishes a sporting competition first in the league standings after the regular season but prior to commencement of the finals in several Australian sports leagues.
Park Central (Hong Kong)
Park Central (Chinese: 將軍澳中心) is a private housing estate and shopping mall in Tseung Kwan O, New Territories, Hong Kong, located near MTR Tseung Kwan O station. It consists of 12 residential blocks in two phases with a total of 4,152 units, and a 350,000-square-foot (33,000 m2) shopping mall, the largest one in Tseung Kwan O. It was jointly developed in 2002, 2003 and 2005 by the consortium of property developers, including Sun Hung Kai Properties, Henderson Land Development, Chinachem Group, MTR Corporation and Nan Fung Group.

Sun Hung Kai Properties
Sun Hung Kai Properties Limited (SHKP) is a listed corporation and one of the largest property developers in Hong Kong. The company's businesses include property sales, property rental, telecommunications (SmarTone, SUNeVision), hotel operation, transport and logistics, and others. The company is controlled by the Kwok family trust, largely the Kwok brothers.
Paul Syverson
Paul Syverson is an American computer scientist best known for inventing onion routing, a feature of the Tor anonymity network.

In 2012, Foreign Policy magazine named Syverson, and Tor's co-creators Roger Dingledine and  Nick Mathewson, among its Top 100 Global Thinkers "for making the web safe for whistleblowers".

In 2014, Syverson was named a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.

Onion routing
Onion routing is a technique for anonymous communication over a computer network. In an onion network, messages are encapsulated in layers of encryption, analogous to the layers of an onion. The encrypted data is transmitted through a series of network nodes called "onion routers," each of which "peels" away a single layer, revealing the data's next destination. When the final layer is decrypted, the message arrives at its destination. The sender remains anonymous because each intermediary knows only the location of the immediately preceding and following nodes. While onion routing provides a high level of security and anonymity, there are methods to break the anonymity of this technique, such as timing analysis.
Walter Ewbank
Walter Frederick Ewbank (29 January 1918 – 23 March 2014) was an Anglican priest and author.

The son of Sir Robert Benson Ewbank, CSI, CIE, Ewbank was born in Poona in 1918 and educated at Shrewsbury and Balliol and was ordained in 1947. After a curacy at St Martin's, Windermere he served incumbencies in Ings Casterton, Raughton Head and Carlisle. He was Archdeacon of Westmorland and Furness from 1971 to 1977; and then of Carlisle until 1984.

He died in Carlisle in March 2014, aged 96.

Archdeacon of Westmorland and Furness
The Archdeacon of Westmorland and Furness is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Carlisle. They are responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within its four rural deaneries: Barrow, Windermere, Kendal and Furness.

The archdeaconry of Westmorland was erected by Order-in-Council of 10 August 1847 from the Archdeaconry of Richmond, but that Order did not come into effect until Hugh Percy (Bishop of Carlisle) died on the 5th of February 1856 (because he did not consent to the changes to his diocese). The Archdeaconry of Furness was erected by further Order-in-Council in 1884; they were subsequently merged to form the current archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness. The incumbent is Vernon Ross.
A Difficult Young Man
A Difficult Young Man (1955) is a novel by Australian writer Martin Boyd. It is the second in the author's "Langton Tetralogy" (which comprises The Cardboard Crown, A Difficult Young Man, Outbreak of Love and When Blackbirds Sing) and it won the ALS Gold Medal in 1957.

When Blackbirds Sing
When Blackbirds Sing (1962) is the last novel by Australian writer Martin Boyd. It is also the last in the author's "Langton Tetralogy" (which comprises The Cardboard Crown, A Difficult Young Man, Outbreak of Love and When Blackbirds Sing).
Paide Linnameeskond
Paide Linnameeskond, or simply Paide, is an Estonian professional football club based in Paide that competes in the Meistriliiga, the top flight of Estonian football. The club's home ground is Paide linnastaadion.

Founded in 2004, the club has played in the Meistriliiga since 2009 and has never been relegated. Paide Linnameeskond have won one Estonian Cup in 2021–22, and one Estonian Supercup in 2023.

Nõmme Kalju FC
Nõmme Kalju FC (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈnɤmːe ˈkɑlju]), commonly known as Nõmme Kalju, or simply as Kalju (Estonian: "rock" or "cliff"), is a professional football club based in Nõmme, Tallinn, that competes in the Meistriliiga, the top flight of Estonian football. The club's home ground is Hiiu Stadium.

Founded in 1923, Nõmme Kalju first played in the Estonian top division from 1925 until 1927, but were dissolved in 1944 due to the Soviet occupation of Estonia. Re-established in 1997, the club has played in the Meistriliiga since the 2008 season and have not been relegated since. Kalju have won two Meistriliiga titles (2012 and 2018), two Estonian Cups (2014–15 and 2024–25), and two Estonian Supercups (2019 and 2026).
Harold W. Kuhn
Harold William Kuhn (July 29, 1925 – July 2, 2014) was an American mathematician who studied game theory.  He won the 1980 John von Neumann Theory Prize jointly with David Gale and Albert W. Tucker.  A former Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Princeton University, he is known for the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, for Kuhn's theorem, and for developing Kuhn poker. He described the Hungarian method for the assignment problem, but a paper by Carl Gustav Jacobi, published posthumously in 1890 in Latin, was later discovered that had described the Hungarian method a century before Kuhn.

John von Neumann Theory Prize
The John von Neumann Theory Prize of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)
is awarded annually to an individual (or sometimes a group) who has made fundamental and sustained contributions to theory in operations research and the management sciences.

The Prize named after mathematician John von Neumann is awarded for a body of work, rather than a single piece. The Prize was intended to reflect contributions that have stood the test of time. The criteria include significance, innovation, depth, and scientific excellence.

The award is $5,000, a medallion and a citation.

The Prize has been awarded since 1975. The first recipient was George B. Dantzig for his work on linear programming.
NHS Low Income Scheme
The NHS Low Income Scheme is intended to reduce the cost of NHS prescription charges, NHS dentistry, sight tests, glasses and contact lenses, necessary costs of travel to receive NHS treatment, NHS wigs and fabric supports, i.e. spinal or abdominal supports or surgical brassieres supplied through a hospital. It is administered by the NHS Business Services Authority. It is not necessary to be in receipt of any benefits in order to qualify.

An online application system was under trial in 2022.  It is restricted to people who do not have capital or savings of over £6,000.

Prescription charges
In the United Kingdom most medicines are supplied via the National Health Service at either no charge, or for a fixed charge for up to three months' worth of any medicine. Charges for prescriptions for medicines and some medical appliances are payable by adults in England under the age of 60, but not by older people or children. However, people may be exempt from charges in various exemption categories. Charges were abolished by NHS Wales in 2007, Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland in 2010 and by NHS Scotland in 2011. In 2010/11, in England, £450 million was raised through these charges, some 0.5% of the total NHS budget. As of 2025 the prescription charge is £9.90 per item.

Ireland also has a system of fixed charges rather than individually priced medicines, but the details are totally different.
Matapuna railway station
Matapuna had several sidings on the North Island Main Trunk line, in the Ruapehu District of New Zealand, serving the east Taumarunui suburb on the north bank of the Whanganui River. It was 2.9 km (1.8 mi) north west of Manunui and 2.95 km (1.83 mi) east of Taumarunui. Work was largely complete by May 1903, and freight was handled from 22 June 1903. A fixed signal was placed at the station and a distant at the bridge in 1917 and the ballast pit siding was interlocked by tablet in 1918. A racecourse opened to the south of the bridge in 1916 and some trains served the course on race days, though no platform appears on aerial photos and only the ballast pit was mapped.

Before the railway came, a Ngāti Hāua kāinga was on the south side of the river, which could be forded, except when in flood.

Taumarunui
Taumarunui is a town in the King Country of the central North Island of New Zealand. It is on an alluvial plain set within rugged terrain on the upper reaches of the Whanganui River, 65 km south of Te Kūiti and 55 km west of Tūrangi. It is under the jurisdiction of Ruapehu District and Manawatū-Whanganui region.

It has a population of 4,940 as of June 2025, and is the largest centre for a considerable distance in any direction. It is on State Highway 4 and the North Island Main Trunk railway.
Baugé
Baugé (French pronunciation: [boʒe] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire département in western France. On 1 January 2013, it was merged with the former communes of Montpollin, Pontigné, Saint-Martin-d'Arcé and Le Vieil-Baugé to create the commune of Baugé-en-Anjou. Since then it is a commune déléguée of this commune.

Saint-Martin-d'Arcé
Saint-Martin-d'Arcé (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ maʁtɛ̃ daʁse] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire département in western France. On 1 January 2013, it was merged with the former communes of Baugé, Montpollin, Pontigné and Le Vieil-Baugé to create the commune of Baugé-en-Anjou. Its population was 786 in 2022.
Aleksandar Vezenkov
Aleksandar Vezenkov (Bulgarian: Александър Везенков; Greek: Αλέξανδρος Βεζένκοφ; born 6 August 1995), most commonly known as Sasha Vezenkov, nicknamed as Sasha (Bulgarian: Саша Везенков; Greek: Σάσα Βεζένκοφ), is a Bulgarian professional basketball player for Olympiacos of the Greek Basketball League (GBL) and the EuroLeague.

Standing at 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in), Vezenkov is a stretch power forward. A three-time All-EuroLeague First Team selection, he was elected EuroLeague MVP in 2023 and reached the EuroLeague final with Olympiacos the same year.

2014–15 Greek Basket League
The 2014–15 Greek Basket League was the 75th season of the Greek Basket League, the highest tier professional basketball league in Greece.

The season started on October 12, 2014, and ended June 14, 2015. Olympiacos won the title, after they beat Panathinaikos 3–0 in the Finals. The season ended on June 17, when PAOK won the third-place series over Aris.
Armenia national under-17 football team
The Armenia national under-17 football team is the national under-17 youth football team of Armenia. The team is based mostly on the young players from the league and competes every year to qualify for the FIFA U-17 World Cup and the UEFA European Under-17 Championship. The team played its first match in 1993, Armenia having, until 1992, been part of the USSR.

Bosnia and Herzegovina national under-17 football team
The Bosnia and Herzegovina national under-17 football team is made up by players who are 17 years old or younger and represents Bosnia and Herzegovina in international football matches at this age level. It is controlled by the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble
The THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) is an implementation of ensemble forecasting for global weather forecasting and is part of THORPEX, an international research programme established in 2003 by the World Meteorological Organization to accelerate improvements in the utility and accuracy of weather forecasts up to two weeks ahead.

THORPEX
THORPEX (The Observing system Research and Predictability Experiment) is an international research programme established in 2003 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to accelerate improvements in the utility and accuracy of weather forecasts up to two weeks ahead. It is part of the World Weather Research Programme and is a key component of the WMO Natural Disaster Reduction and Mitigation Programme.
Odd-chain fatty acid
Odd-chain fatty acids are those fatty acids that contain an odd number of carbon atoms. In addition to being classified according to their saturation or unsaturation, fatty acids are also classified according to their odd or even numbers of constituent carbon atoms. With respect to natural abundance, most fatty acids are even chain, e.g. palmitic (C16) and stearic (C18). In terms of physical properties, odd and even fatty acids are similar, generally being colorless, soluble in alcohols, and often somewhat oily.  The odd-chain fatty acids are biosynthesized and metabolized slightly differently from the even-chained relatives. In addition to the usual C12-C22 long chain fatty acids, some very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are also known. Some of these VLCFAs are also of the odd-chain variety.

Very long chain fatty acid
In the field of biology, very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) is a fatty acid with 22 or more carbons. In chemistry, these are more commonly knowns as wax acids, a subgroup of saturated unbranched alkanoic acids. The frontier between fatty acids (strictly defined) and wax acids is fluid.
Royal Challengers Bengaluru
Royal Challengers Bengaluru, formerly Royal Challengers Bangalore, also known as RCB, are a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). Founded in 2008 by United Spirits, the team's home ground is M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won their first title in 2025. The team finished as the runners-up on three occasions: in 2009, 2011, and 2016. They have also qualified for the playoffs in ten of the eighteen seasons.

As of 2025, the team is captained by Rajat Patidar and coached by Andy Flower. The franchise has competed in the Champions League, finishing as runners-up in the 2011 season. As of 2024, RCB was valued at $117 million, making it one of the most valuable franchises.

Dan Christian
Daniel Trevor Christian (born 4 May 1983) is an Australian professional cricketer with Aboriginal ancestry. He was considered a Twenty20 specialist and played for franchises all over the globe. Christian is known as a powerful hitter and a useful medium pacer. ESPNcricinfo's Peter English described him as a "natural all-rounder". He is seen as a cricket role model for Australia's indigenous population.
Wood Mountain Regional Park
Wood Mountain Regional Park is a conservation and recreation area in its natural state set aside as a regional park in the south-western region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The park is set in the semi-arid Palliser's Triangle in an upland area called Wood Mountain Hills. It is in the Rural Municipality of Old Post No. 43, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the village of Wood Mountain along Highway 18.

Adjacent to the southern boundary of Wood Mountain Regional Park is Wood Mountain Creek and Wood Mountain Post Provincial Park. Immediately to the west is Wood Mountain Indian reserve and to the east is the Wood Mountain Game Preserve (49°18′00″N 106°17′02″W﻿ / ﻿49.3001°N 106.2839°W﻿ / 49.3001; -106.2839).

Amenities and attractions within the park include the Rodeo Ranch Museum, Wood Mountain Stampede, Sitting Bull Monument, ball diamonds, campsites, concessions, swimming pool, and hiking and bicycling trails. This is a local park administered by local funding.

Rural Municipality of Old Post No. 43
The Rural Municipality of Old Post No. 43 (2021 population: 352) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 3 and SARM Division No. 2. It is located in the southern portion of the province adjacent to the United States border, neighbouring Valley County and Daniels County in Montana.
La Pampa Province
La Pampa (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈpampa]) is a sparsely populated province of Argentina, located in the Pampas in the center of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise San Luis, Córdoba, Buenos Aires, Río Negro, Neuquén and Mendoza.

San Luis Province
San Luis (Spanish pronunciation: [san ˈlwis]) is a province of Argentina located near the geographical center of the country (on the 32° South parallel). Neighboring provinces are, from the north clockwise, La Rioja, Córdoba, La Pampa, Mendoza and San Juan.
Erica pyramidalis
Erica pyramidalis, the pyramid heath, was a species of Erica that was endemic to the city of Cape Town, South Africa. It was driven to extinction by the early 20th century, due to habitat destruction from the expanding city.

Erica (plant)
Erica is a genus of roughly 857 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The English common names heath and heather are shared by some closely related genera of similar appearance. The genus Calluna was formerly included in Erica; it differs in having even smaller scale-leaves (less than 2–3 millimetres long), and the flower corolla consisting of separate petals. Erica is sometimes referred to as "winter (or spring) heather" to distinguish it from Calluna "summer (or autumn) heather".
Ngadjuri
The Ngadjuri people are a group of Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands lie in the mid north of South Australia with a territory extending from Gawler in the south to Orroroo in the Flinders Ranges in the north.

Mid North
The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains and south of the Far North and the outback. It is generally accepted to extend from Spencer Gulf east to the Barrier Highway, including the coastal plain, the southern part of the Flinders Ranges, and the northern part of the Mount Lofty Ranges. The Temperate Grassland of South Australia cover most of the area.
Mayflower (tugboat)
Mayflower is a steam tug built in Bristol in 1861 and now preserved by Bristol Museums Galleries & Archives. She is based in Bristol Harbour at M Shed (formerly Bristol Industrial Museum). She is the oldest Bristol-built ship afloat, and is believed to be the oldest surviving tug in the world.

Bristol Industrial Museum
The Bristol Industrial Museum was a museum in Bristol, England, located on Prince's Wharf beside the Floating Harbour and which closed in 2006.  On display were items from Bristol's industrial past – including aviation, car and bus manufacture, and printing – and exhibits documenting Bristol's maritime history. The museum was managed by Bristol City Council along with nearby preserved industrial relics along Prince's Wharf, including the Bristol Harbour Railway, cranes and a small fleet of preserved vessels. The railway, cranes and vessels all now form part of the working exhibits at M Shed Museum.

The museum closed its doors to the public on 29 October 2006. M Shed, the new Museum of Bristol has been created on the site, keeping the same façade and many of the exhibits. It opened 17 June 2011.
Pawn (chess)
The pawn (♙, ♟) is the most numerous and weakest piece in the game of chess. It can move one vacant square directly forward, or one or two vacant squares directly forward on its first move, and can capture one square diagonally forward. Each player begins a game with eight pawns, one on each square of their second rank. The white pawns start on a2 through h2, while the black pawns start on a7 through h7.

Individual pawns are often referred to by the file on which they stand. For example, one speaks of "White's f-pawn" or "Black's b-pawn". It is also common to refer to a rook pawn, meaning any pawn on the a- or h-files, a knight pawn (on the b- or g-files), a bishop pawn (on the c- or f-files), a queen pawn (on the d-file), a king pawn (on the e-file), and a central pawn (on the d- or e-files).

En passant
In chess, en passant (French for 'in passing') describes the capture by a pawn of an enemy pawn on the same rank and an adjacent file that has just made an initial two-square advance. This is a special case in the rules of chess. The capturing pawn moves to the square that the enemy pawn passed over, as if the enemy pawn had advanced only one square. The rule ensures that a pawn cannot use its two-square move to safely skip past an enemy pawn.

Capturing en passant is permitted only on the turn immediately after the two-square advance; it cannot be done on a later turn. The capturing move is sometimes notated by appending the abbreviation e.p.
Temple David (Perth)
Temple David is a Progressive Jewish congregation and synagogue located in Mount Lawley, an inner northern suburb of Perth. It is the sole progressive congregation in the state of Western Australia. The congregation was established in 1952.

Mount Lawley, Western Australia
Mount Lawley is an inner northern suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The suburb is bounded by the Swan River to the east, Vincent, Harold and Pakenham Streets to the south, Central Avenue and Alexander Drive to the north, and Norfolk Street to the west.
Vikram Adve
Vikram Adve (born 28 June 1966) is the Donald B. Gillies professor in the Department of Computer Science and a Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Donald B. Gillies
Donald Bruce Gillies (October 15, 1928 – July 17, 1975) was a Canadian computer scientist and mathematician who worked in the fields of computer design, game theory, and minicomputer programming environments.
Paopi 8
Paopi 7 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 9

The eighth day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 5, of the Julian calendar, and October 18, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Akhet, the season of inundation.

Paopi 9
Paopi 8 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 10

The ninth day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 6, of the Julian calendar, and October 19, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Akhet, the season of inundation.