hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martin Luther University College
Martin Luther University College, formerly Waterloo Lutheran Seminary, is a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada federated with Wilfrid Laurier University, located in Waterloo, Ontario.

Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada (ELCIC; French: Église évangélique luthérienne au Canada) is Canada's largest Lutheran denomination, with 80,000 baptized.

Together with Lutheran Church–Canada and the Canadian Association of Lutheran Congregations, it is one of only three all-Canadian Lutheran denominations. The ELCIC is a member of the Lutheran World Federation, the Canadian Council of Churches, the World Council of Churches, and the Anglican-Lutheran North American grouping Churches Beyond Borders. According to the 2021 Canadian census, a larger number of 328,045 adherents identify as Lutheran.
Nelsonøya
Nelsonøya (anglicized as Nelson Island) is a small island, part of Sjuøyane, north of Nordaustlandet.

The island is named after the well known englishman Horatio Nelson, who served as midshipman aboard HMS Carcass, under Captain Skeffington Lutwidge. The Carcass was one of the two bomb vessels sent under the command of Constantine John Phipps to Svalbard during the 1773 Phipps expedition towards the North Pole.

Sjuøyane
Sjuøyane (English: Seven Islands) is the northernmost part of the Svalbard archipelago north of mainland Norway, and some 20 km north of the eastern major island Nordaustlandet. The islands are the northernmost landmass reachable by normal means, being 1024.3 kilometers (637 mi / 553 nm) south of the North Pole. In comparison, Robert Falcon Scott started his ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition 1374 km (742 Nm) from the South Pole. Many of the islands are named after English explorers, most notably Captain Nelson.
Nommern
Nommern (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔmɐn]; Luxembourgish: Noumer) is a commune and small town in central Luxembourg, in the canton of Mersch.

As of 2025, the town of Nommern, which lies in the east of the commune, has a population of 324.  Other towns within the commune include Cruchten and Schrondweiler.

A proposal to merge the commune with Larochette and Fischbach into a new commune named Meesebuerg was put to a referendum in November 2014. Although 66.5% of voters in Larochette were in favour of the merger, 76% and 70% of those in Fischbach and Nommern respectively were against, leading to the abandonment of the project.

Schrondweiler
Schrondweiler (German pronunciation: [ˈʃʁɔntvaɪlɐ]) is a village in the commune of Nommern, in central Luxembourg. The village has a population of 438 as of 2025.

The stream Schrondweilerbaach is crossing the north-eastern part of the village.
Shangshak
Shangshak is a generic reference to two villages viz. Shangshak Khullen and Shangshak Khunou located south of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is about 15 kilometers from Ukhrul via National Highway 150 and the state highway that connects Ukhrul-Kamjong via Shangshak. 
Shangshak is flanked by Hungpung in the north, Koso in the south, Ramva in the west and Gamnom and Yengtem in the east. Locally, the residents speak Shangshak dialect which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Yengtem
Yengtem is a village located south of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is about 40 kilometers from Ukhrul and is partially connected by National Highway 150 that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami and Kamjong-Imphal state highway. The village is flanked by Gamnom in the north, Apong village in the south, Maku in the east and Shangshak in the west. Yengtem is a major and strategic junction for the neighboring remote village as the state highway and Inter Village Roads (IVR) converges in the vicinity of the village. Locally, the inhabitants speak Yengtem tui which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.
Lineover Wood
Lineover Wood (grid reference SO987187) is a 20.3-hectare (50-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1986.

The site is owned and managed by the Woodland Trust, and is near the communities of Charlton Kings, Cheltenham and Dowdeswell. The Cotswold Way National Trail runs through the site, crossing the A40 from the opposite side of the valley where it runs along the edge of Dowdeswell Woods and below the dam of Dowdeswell Reservoir.

The site is listed in the 'Cotswold District' Local Plan 2001-2011 (on line) as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS).

Woodland Trust
The Woodland Trust is the largest woodland conservation charity in the United Kingdom and is concerned with the creation, protection, and restoration of native woodland heritage. It has planted over 68 million trees since 1972. The Woodland Trust has three aims: to protect ancient woodland which is rare, unique and irreplaceable, to promote the restoration of damaged ancient woodland, and to plant native trees and woods to benefit people and wildlife.

The charity maintains ownership of over 1,000 sites covering over 33,000 hectares (330 square kilometres; 130 square miles) of which 8,070ha (33%) is ancient woodland. It ensures public access to its woods.
U.S. 61 Bonnet Carré Spillway Bridge
The U.S. 61 Bonnet Carré Spillway Bridge is a twin concrete trestle bridge in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It has a total length of 6,006.0 feet (1,830.6 m; 1.13750 mi). The bridge carries U.S. Route 61 (Airline Highway) over the Bonnet Carré Spillway in St. Charles Parish. The original bridge opened in 1935 serving four narrow lanes of traffic; however, due to frequent traffic congestion and accidents, a parallel span opened in 1984. The original span currently serves eastbound (towards New Orleans) traffic, while the newer span serves westbound (towards Baton Rouge) traffic.

Bonnet Carré Spillway
The Bonnet Carré Spillway /ˈbɒniː ˈkɛriː/ is a flood control operation in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Located in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, about 12 miles (19 km) west of New Orleans, it allows floodwaters from the Mississippi River to flow into Lake Pontchartrain and thence into the Gulf of Mexico. The spillway was constructed between 1929 and 1931, following the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, and has been designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Seafood boil
Seafood boil in the United States is the generic term for any number of types of social events in which shellfish, whether saltwater or freshwater, is the central element. Regional variations dictate the kinds of seafood, the accompaniments and side dishes, and the preparation techniques (boiling, steaming, baking, or raw). In some cases, a boil may be sponsored by a community organization as a fund-raiser or a mixer. In this way, seafood boils are like a fish fry, barbecue, or church potluck supper. Boils are also held by individuals for their friends and family for a weekend get-together and on the holidays of Memorial Day and Independence Day. While boils and bakes are traditionally associated with coastal regions of the United States and its afrodescendant cultures, there are exceptions.

Fish fry
A fish fry is a social event centered on a meal of battered or breaded fried fish. It usually also includes french fries, coleslaw, macaroni salad, lemon slices, tartar sauce, hot sauce, malt vinegar and dessert. Some Native American versions are cooked by coating fish with semolina and egg yolk.

A fish fry may include potato pancakes (with accompanying side dishes of sour cream or applesauce) and sliced caraway rye bread if served in a German restaurant or area.

Fish fries are very common in the Midwestern and northeastern regions of the United States. Fish is often served on Friday nights as a restaurant special or through church fundraisers. This is especially true for Christian communities during Lent, the Christian season of repentance, when tradition calls for abstinence from meat.

A "shore lunch" is common in the northern United States and Canada. For decades, outdoor enthusiasts have been cooking their catch on the shores of their favorite lakes.
Kyun-Tas
Kyun-Tas (Russian: Кюн-Тас; Yakut: Күн Таас, romanized: Kün Taas) is a mountain range in the Sakha Republic, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia.

The Kyun-Tas is one of the mountain areas of Yakutia where there are kigilyakh rock formations.

Selennyakh Range
The Selennyakh Range (Russian: Селенняхский хребет, Selennyakhsky Khrebet; Yakut: Силээннээх, romanized: Sileenneex) is a range of mountains in far North-eastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Sakha Republic of the Russian Federation. The town of Deputatsky, capital of the Ust-Yansky District, is located in the area of the range.
Maxillary lateral incisor
The maxillary lateral incisors are a pair of upper (maxillary) teeth that are located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both maxillary central incisors of the mouth and medially (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary canines.  As with all incisors, their function is for shearing or cutting food during mastication, commonly known as chewing.  There are generally no cusps on the teeth, but the rare condition known as talon cusps are most prevalent on the maxillary lateral incisors. The surface area of the tooth used in eating is called an incisal ridge or incisal edge.  Though relatively the same, there are some minor differences between the deciduous (baby) maxillary lateral incisor and that of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor. The maxillary lateral incisors occlude in opposition to the mandibular lateral incisors.

Deciduous teeth
Deciduous teeth or primary teeth, also informally known as baby teeth, milk teeth, or temporary teeth, are the first set of teeth in the growth and development of humans and other diphyodonts, which include most mammals but not elephants, kangaroos, or manatees, which are polyphyodonts. Deciduous teeth develop during the embryonic stage of development and erupt (break through the gums and become visible in the mouth) during infancy. They are usually lost and replaced by permanent teeth, but in the absence of their permanent replacements, they can remain functional for many years into adulthood.
Biathlon
Biathlon is a winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. It developed from the sport of military patrol, which began in 19th century Scandinavia and originated in ski warfare. In the Nordic languages, the sport is called "ski-shooting". The sport of biathlon involves many different types of races, with the commonality being contestants skiing through a cross-country trail whose distance is divided into shooting rounds called bouts. The shooting rounds do not have a time limit, but depending on the competition, missed shots result in extra distance or time being added to the contestant's total.

Biathlon World Championships
The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The original team event, Team (time), was held for the last time in 1965, to be replaced in 1966 by the team event, Relay (4 × 7.5 km). The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint Biathlon World Championships. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters.
Clément Janequin
Clément Janequin (c. 1485 – 1558) was a French composer of the Renaissance. He was one of the most famous composers of popular chansons of the entire Renaissance, and along with Claudin de Sermisy, was hugely influential in the development of the Parisian chanson, especially the programmatic type. The wide spread of his fame was made possible by the concurrent development of music printing.

Pierre Attaingnant
Pierre Attaingnant or Attaignant (c. 1494 – late 1551 or 1552) was a French music publisher, active in Paris. He was one of the first to print music by single-impression printing, greatly reducing the labor involved, and he published music by more than 150 composers.
Listooder
Listooder is a hamlet and townland situated outside Crossgar towards both Ballynahinch and Saintfield in County Down, Northern Ireland. Listooder derives its name from the Irish word Lios an tSúdaire meaning "fort of the leather tanner" or "ring-fort".  From the mid 19th century, the hamlet was known as The Cock, while the townland which centres around the fort was called Listooder.

The hamlet has a small working farm, a missionary hall, an Orange Lodge, and a Non-Subscribing Presbyterian church. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Listooder also had a shop, public house, and a primary school. Housing has extended from the crossroads (postbox) towards Saintfield in recent decades. According to the 2011 census, there were then nine houses and 31 people living in Listooder.

Crossgar
Crossgar (from Irish  an Chrois Ghearr 'the short cross') is a village and townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is about 15 miles (24 km) south of Belfast, between Saintfield and Downpatrick. Crossgar had a population 1,997 people in the 2021 UK Census.
John C. Portman Jr.
John Calvin Portman Jr. (December 4, 1924 – December 29, 2017) was an American neofuturistic architect and real estate developer widely known for popularizing hotels and office buildings with multi-storied interior atria. Portman also had a particularly large impact on the cityscape of his hometown of Atlanta, with the Peachtree Center complex serving as downtown's business and tourism anchor from the 1970s onward. The Peachtree Center area includes Portman-designed Hyatt, Westin, and Marriott hotels. Portman's plans typically dealt with primitives in the forms of symmetrical squares and circles.

AmericasMart
AmericasMart Atlanta is a wholesale trade center located in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The exhibition center is one of the largest permanent wholesale trade centers in the world. AmericasMart Atlanta consists of three buildings totaling seven million square feet. The Mart opened in 1957, as Atlanta Market Center (AMC), and hosts more than a dozen trade shows every year including The Atlanta International Gift and Home Furnishings Market, Atlanta Apparel and Fall Design Week. Trade show exhibitors rent permanent showrooms as well as temporary booths during trade shows. Some permanent showrooms are open daily, though many are open only part of the time or during trade shows. AmericasMart Atlanta is not open to the public and only employees and guests of registered businesses are admitted.
December 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 24 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 26

All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 7 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on Old Calendar.

For December 25th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 12.

December 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 25 – Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar – December 27

All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 8 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 26th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 13.
Rail Paybus FP1
Rail Paybus FP1 is a heritage-listed former railbus and now museum exhibit at NSW Rail Transport Museum Barbour Road, in the outer south-western Sydney town of Thirlmere in the Wollondilly Shire local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by the New South Wales Government Railways Road Motor Section and built in 1937 by Waddingtons Ltd (body), Ford Motor Co. (chassis and mechanical components). It is also known as Rail Bus and Rail Pay Bus FP1. The property is owned by Rail Corporation New South Wales, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 26 September 2003.

Thirlmere, New South Wales
Thirlmere is a small semi-rural town in the Macarthur Region of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia, in the Wollondilly Shire. Popularly known for its railway origins, the town is located 89 km south west of the Sydney Central Business District. At the 2021 census, Thirlmere had a population of 4,986.

Thirlmere was previously known as Village of Thirlmere and was originally named after Thirlmere in England.
Yōkaichi, Shiga
Yōkaichi (八日市市, Yōkaichi-shi) was a city located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 44,823 and the density of 852.15 persons per km2. The total area was 52.60 km2.

On February 11, 2005, Yōkaichi, along with the towns of Eigenji and Gokashō (both from Kanzaki District), and the towns of Aitō and Kotō (both from Echi District), was merged to create the city of Higashiōmi.

The city was founded on August 15, 1954.

Yokaichi is famous for the Giant Kite Festival held on the fourth Sunday in May.

Eigenji, Shiga
Eigenji (永源寺町, Eigenji-chō) was a town located in Kanzaki District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, at the western foot of Suzuka Mountains.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,194 and a density of 34.17 persons per km2. The total area was 181.27 km2.

On February 11, 2005, Eigenji, along with the city of Yōkaichi, the town of Gokashō (also from Kanzaki District), and the towns of Aitō and Kotō (both from Echi District), was merged to create the city of Higashiōmi.

The town was named after a famous temple Eigen-ji and it is a key spot for viewing the momiji leaves turn red in the autumn. Mountain villages in east of the town is famous for rare green tea and had been a base of traditional woodworkers since 9th century.
Supercombinator
A supercombinator is a mathematical expression which is fully bound and self-contained. It may be either a constant or a combinator where all the subexpressions are supercombinators. Supercombinators are used in the implementation of functional languages.

In mathematical terms, a lambda expression S is a supercombinator of arity n if it has no free variables and is of the form λx1.λx2...λxn.E (with n ≥ 0, so that lambdas are not required) such that E itself is not a lambda abstraction and any lambda abstraction in E is again a supercombinator.

Combinatory logic
Combinatory logic is a notation to eliminate the need for quantified variables in mathematical logic. It was introduced by Moses Schönfinkel and Haskell Curry, and has more recently been used in computer science as a theoretical model of computation and also as a basis for the design of functional programming languages. It is based on combinators, which were introduced by Schönfinkel in 1920 with the idea of providing an analogous way to build up functions—and to remove any mention of variables—particularly in predicate logic.  A combinator is a higher-order function that uses only function application and earlier defined combinators to define a result from its arguments.
Master of Public Policy
The Master of Public Policy (MPP) is a graduate-level professional degree. It provides training in policy analysis and program evaluation at public policy schools. The MPP program places a focus on the systematic analysis of issues related to public policy and the decision processes associated with them. This includes training in the role of economic and political factors in public decision-making and policy formulation; microeconomic analysis of policy options and issues; resource allocation and decision modeling; cost/benefit analysis; statistical methods; and various applications to specific public policy topics. MPP graduates serve or have served in the public sector, at the international, national, subnational, and local levels and the private sector.

Master of Public Administration
The academic qualification of Master of Public Administration (MPA) is a specialized professional graduate degree in public administration. Its course of studies prepares students for  roles as leaders, and resembles or mirrors training for qualification as a Master of Business Administration, but with an emphasis on issues of public services.

This program covers principles of public administration, policy development, and management. Graduates may work in government, nonprofits, or  private companies. The specifics of the program can vary by university or country. It typically requires two years for completion.
Ephedra przewalskii
Ephedra przewalskii is a species of Ephedra that is native to Central Asia, Mongolia, Pakistan, and parts of China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Tibet).

It was originally described by Otto Stapf in 1889 and placed in section Alatae, tribe Tropidolepides. In 1996 Robert A. Price left E. przewalskii in section Alatae without recognizing a tribe.

Ephedra (plant)
Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs. As of July 2025, 74 species, and two hybrids, are accepted. The species of Ephedra are widespread in many arid regions of the world, ranging across southwestern North America, southern Europe, northern Africa, southwest and central Asia, northern China, and western South America. It is the only extant genus in its family, Ephedraceae, and order, Ephedrales, and one of the three extant genera of the division Gnetophyta together with Gnetum and Welwitschia.

In temperate climates, most Ephedra species grow on shores or in sandy soils with direct sun exposure. Common names in English include joint-pine, jointfir, Mormon-tea, or Brigham tea. The Chinese name for Ephedra species is mahuang (simplified Chinese: 麻黄; traditional Chinese: 麻黃; pinyin: máhuáng; Wade–Giles: ma-huang; lit. 'hemp yellow'). Ephedra is the origin of the name of the stimulant ephedrine, which the plants contain in significant concentration.
Vincenzo Puccio
Vincenzo Puccio (27 November 1945 – 11 May 1989) was a member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was from Palermo and joined the Ciaculli Mafia family sometime in the late 1970s, although, like many other members of that particular family, he operated a great deal under the orders of the Corleonesi.

Giuseppe Marchese
Giuseppe Marchese (born 12 December 1963) is a former member of the Sicilian Mafia, who turned state witness (pentito). Giuseppe Pino Marchese was born in Palermo in a family with long-standing ties to the Mafia. His father Vincenzo and his uncle Filippo Marchese were both members of Cosa Nostra.
Iraqi Republican Guard
The Iraqi Republican Guard (IRG; Arabic: حرس العراق الجمهوري, romanized: Ḥaras al-ʿIrāq al-Jamhūrīy) was a branch of the Iraqi military from 1969 to 2003, which existed primarily during the presidency of Saddam Hussein. Initially a praetorian guard unit tasked with the sole purpose to protect the president of Iraq, it grew exponentially during the Iran-Iraq War, transforming into an elite force of the Iraqi Armed Forces. It later became known as the Republican Guard Corps, and then the Republican Guard Forces Command (RGFC) with its expansion into two corps. The Republican Guard was disbanded in 2003 after the invasion of Iraq by a U.S.-led international coalition.

The Republican Guard were the elite troops of the Iraqi army directly reporting to Hussein, unlike the paramilitary force Fedayeen Saddam, and the regular Iraqi Army. They were better trained, disciplined, equipped, and had higher salaries than ordinary Iraqi soldiers, receiving bonuses, new cars, and subsidized housing.

Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2
Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2: Dissolution of Entities signed by Paul Bremer on behalf of the Coalition Provisional Authority on 23 May 2003, disbanded the Iraqi military, security, and intelligence infrastructure of President Saddam Hussein. Around 400,000 Iraqi soldiers were made unemployed by the order.

It has since become an object of controversy, cited by some critics as the biggest American mistake made in the immediate aftermath of the fall of Saddam Hussein and as one of the main causes of the Iraqi insurgency and the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL/ISIS).