hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buhwil
Buhwil is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It is first mentioned in 838 as Puabinwilare.
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The municipality had 320 inhabitants in 1850, which decreased to 283 in 1900, 282 in 1950 and 190 in 1980, and increased to 287 in 1990.

In 1996, the municipality was merged with other neighboring municipalities Kradolf, Neukirch an der Thur and Schönenberg an der Thur to form a new and larger municipality Kradolf-Schönenberg.

Neukirch an der Thur
Neukirch an der Thur is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

In 1996 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Buhwil, Kradolf and Schönenberg an der Thur to form a new and larger municipality Kradolf-Schönenberg.

Neukirch an der Thur is first mentioned in 1291  as Eliswil.  In 1296 it was mentioned as Sêliswille, which remained its name until the Protestant Reformation.  After 1520 it was known as Nüwenkilchen.

The population in 1850 was 2,546.  It decreased in 1900 to 1,921 and continued to drop so that in 1950 it was 1,879.  By 1990 it had increased slightly to 1,997.
E-Defense
The 3-D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility or E-Defense (Japanese: E-ディフェンス) is an earthquake shaking table facility in Miki, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Operated by the Japanese National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), it was the largest 3D earthquake shake table in the world when it was commissioned.

National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience
The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (Japanese: 防災科学技術研究所, romanized: Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyū-sho), also known as NIED, is a National Research and Development Agency that conducts research on science and technology related to disaster risk reduction. It owns experimental and observational facilities throughout Japan. The headquarters is located in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture.
Nikolai Levnikov
Nikolai Vladislavovich Levnikov (Russian: Николай Владиславович Левников; born 15 May 1956 in Pinsk, Belarus) is a retired Russian football referee. He is known for having refereed one match in the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France.

He is known to have served as a FIFA referee during the period from 1993 to 2001. Levnikov was active at numerous international tournaments. He refereed the Group D contest between Turkey and Denmark at the 1996 UEFA European Football Championship in England and two matches in the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup in Saudi Arabia. He also officiated in the 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship and qualifiers for Euro 1996 and Euro 2000, in addition to 1998 and 2002 World Cup qualifiers.

His son Kirill Levnikov became FIFA referee in 2016.

Kirill Levnikov
Kirill Nikolayevich Levnikov (Russian: Кирилл Николаевич Левников; born 11 February 1984) is a Russian professional football referee and a former player.

He has been a FIFA referee since 2016.

His father Nikolai Levnikov was also an international referee.
Guru Gobind Singh Refinery
Guru Gobind Singh Refinery (GGSR) is a joint venture refinery owned by HMEL, a joint venture between HPCL and Mittal Energy Investment Pte Ltd, owned by Laxmi Mittal. It is the tenth largest refinery in India.

The work for refinery started in 2008 and the refinery became operational in March 2012. Its annual capacity is 11.3 Million tons (230,000 barrels per day). It was built at a cost of $4 billion. The refinery gets its crude oil supply from Mundra, a coastal town in Gujarat, through a 1,017 km pipeline where the oil is imported from abroad.

Hindustan Petroleum
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is an Indian public sector undertaking in petroleum and natural gas industry, headquartered in Mumbai. It is a subsidiary of the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), which is owned by the Government of India and under the administration of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.

Since 2018, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation has owned majority of its stake. It is ranked 367th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2016. On 24 October 2019, it became a Maharatna (PSU).
Lagrange multiplier
In mathematical optimization, the method of Lagrange multipliers is a strategy for finding the local maxima and minima of a function subject to equation constraints (i.e., subject to the condition that one or more equations have to be satisfied exactly by the chosen values of the variables). It is named after the mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange.

Costate equation
The costate equation is related to the state equation used in optimal control. It is also referred to as auxiliary, adjoint, influence, or multiplier equation. It is stated as a vector of first order differential equations

where the right-hand side is the vector of partial derivatives of the negative of the Hamiltonian with respect to the state variables.
Dmitri Tsvetkov
Dmitri Tsvetkov (Дмитрий Цветков) (30 August 1890 in Krakolye – 1930) was a Votic teacher and linguist. He was the second child of Pavel Grigorevich and Agafia Illarionovna. From 1914 to 1916 he studied at St. Petersburg High School, and after that worked as Russian language teacher in Venkyul. He studied at the University of Tartu and was one of the few Votes to have ever attended and graduated from university. After that he returned to his home village and worked there as a teacher. During this time he also developed grammar for the Votic language and translated Anton Chekhov's children's story Vanka into Votic. He also collected some ethnographic material about Votic customs and traditions. His other works include a Cyrillic alphabet for Votic and a dictionary of the Krakolye dialect. His grammar book was published in 2004, and is currently the only Votic language textbook in use.

Votians
Votians, also referred to as Votes, Vots and Vods (Votic: vađđalaizõd; Russian: водь; Estonian: vadjalased; Finnish: vatjalaiset) are a Finnic ethnic group native to historical Ingria, the part of modern-day northwestern Russia that is roughly southwest of Saint Petersburg and east of the Estonian border-town of Narva. The Finnic Votic language spoken by Votians is close to extinction. The language is still spoken in three villages of historical Votia and by an unknown number of speakers in the countryside.  The villages are Jõgõperä (Krakolye), Liivcülä (Peski), and Luuditsa (Luzhitsy). In the Russian 2020 census, 99 people identified as Votian.

Votians were one of the founding people of Veliky Novgorod.
Telenet Group
Telenet Group N.V. is the largest provider of cable broadband services in Belgium. Its business comprises the provision of analog and digital cable television, fixed and mobile telephone services, primarily to residential customers in Flanders and Brussels. In addition, Telenet offers services to business customers all across Belgium and in Luxembourg under its brand Telenet Solutions.

Telenet was purchased in 2000 by Dick Callahan's telecommunications holding company, Callahan Associates International, in a deal valued at $969 million at the time.

Since 11 October 2005, Telenet was listed on the Euronext Brussels stock exchange under the ticker TNET, until it was acquired by Liberty Global on October 16 2023.

Play (Belgian TV channel)
Play is a Belgian-Flemish commercial television channel. It is part of Play Media and production company Woestijnvis.

As of 2010, the channel has a market share of more than 7%.

The channel was formerly known as VIER from 17 September 2012 to 27 January 2021. On 28 January 2021, the channel was rebranded to Play4. On 13 October 2025, the channel was rebranded to Play.

Its owner also operates sister stations Play Fictie, Play Actie and Play Reality. The channel broadcasts entertainment shows, series, cartoons, movies, and sports.
Molodizhne, Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast
Molodizhne (Ukrainian: Молодіжне; Russian: Молодёжное) is a rural settlement in Kadiivka urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine, at about 65 km WNW from the centre of Luhansk city.

The settlement was taken under control of pro-Russian forces during the War in Donbass, that started in 2014.

Kadiivka urban hromada
Kadiivka urban hromada (Ukrainian: Кадіївська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Kadiivka.

The hromada contains 35 settlements: 6 cities (Almazna, Brianka, Holubivka, Irmino, Kadiivka, and Pervomaisk), 10 rural settlements (Donetskyi, Hannivka, Hlybokyi, Kalynove, Krynychanske, Lomuvatka, Molodizhne, Sentianivka, Verhulivka, Yuzhna Lomuvatka), and 19 villages:
Kilingi-Nõmme
Kilingi-Nõmme is a town in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Saarde Parish. It is located on the intersection of Valga–Uulu (Valga–Pärnu, no. 6) and Tartu–Viljandi–Kilingi-Nõmme (no. 92) roads, about 11 km (7 mi) from the Estonian border with Latvia.

Viljandi
Viljandi (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈvilʲːjɑnʲːdi]) is a city and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 17,255 in 2024. It is the capital of Viljandi County and is geographically located between two major Estonian cities, Pärnu and Tartu.

The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe. The town became a member of the Hanseatic League at the beginning of the 14th century, and is one of five Estonian cities and cities in the league. The once influential Estonian newspaper Sakala was founded in Viljandi in 1878.
Blue Baths
The Blue Baths is a heritage geothermal baths building in Rotorua, in the North Island of New Zealand. The building is designed in the Spanish Mission style. It is listed as a Category 1 Historic Place by Heritage New Zealand.

The first Blue Baths at the Government Gardens site were opened in 1886, and stood for over 40 years before being demolished in 1932 when the present building was constructed alongside.

Construction of the new building was well advanced by August 1932.

On 26 January 2021, the Blue Baths was closed to the public after a seismic assessment found the building met only 15 percent of the strength requirements for new buildings.

Government Gardens
The Government Gardens is a public park, partly laid out as gardens, located beside Lake Rotorua in central Rotorua, Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand. It was built by the government as a tourism attraction, and is still a major tourism destination in New Zealand.
Chibuto District
Chibuto District is a district of Gaza Province in south-western Mozambique. Its principal town is Chibuto. The district is located at the south of the province, and borders with Chigubo District in the north, Panda District of Inhambane Province in the east, Manjacaze District in the southeast, Xai-Xai District in the south, Chókwè District in the southwest, and Guijá District in the west. The area of the district is 5,653 square kilometres (2,183 sq mi). It has a population of 197,214 as of 2007.

Xai-Xai District
Xai-Xai District is a district of Gaza Province in south-western Mozambique. The administrative center of the district is Chongoene. The district is located in the south of the province, and borders with Chibuto District in the north, Manjacaze District in the east, Bilene Macia District in the southeast, and with Chókwè District in the west. In the south, it is bounded by the Indian Ocean. The area of the district is 1,908 square kilometres (737 sq mi). It has a population of 188,720 as of 2007.
Duncan Heath
Duncan Heath (born June 1946) is a British talent agent, producer and the co-chairman of Independent Talent Group, Europe's largest talent agency, based in London. His clients include many leading figures in the British film industry, including Anthony Hopkins, Michael Caine, Maggie Smith, Ian McShane, Steve Coogan, Tom Hooper, Sam Mendes, Jonathan Glazer and Mike Newell.

ICM Partners
ICM Partners was a talent and literary agency with offices in Los Angeles, New York City, Washington, D.C., and London. The company represented clients in the fields of motion pictures, television, music, publishing, live performance, branded entertainment and new media. Its corporate headquarters were in Constellation Place in Century City, Los Angeles. In 2022, ICM became part of Creative Artists Agency.
Lysinibacillus endophyticus
Lysinibacillus endophyticus is a Gram-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Lysinibacillus which has been isolated from the root of a maize plant. Lysinibacillus endophyticus produces indole-3-acetic acid.

Lysinibacillus
Lysinibacillus  is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae. Members of this genus, in contrast to the type species of the genus Bacillus, contains peptidoglycan with lysine, aspartic acid, alanine and glutamic acid.
Kleczków
Kleczków (Polish pronunciation: [ˈklɛt͡ʂkuf], German: Kletschkau, [ˈklɛt͡ʃkaʊ]) is a district in Wrocław, Poland, located in the north-central part of the city. It was established in the territory of the former Downtown district.

Downtown, Wrocław
Downtown (Polish: Śródmieście, [ɕrudˈmjɛɕt͡ɕɛ] ⓘ) is a former borough of Wrocław located in the central-eastern part of the city.

On March 21, 1991, the newly created City Office of Wrocław assumed many of the functions previously carried out within the borough. The name, though, remained in use, mainly for statistical and administrative purposes.
Arkansas International Airport
Arkansas International Airport (IATA: BYH, ICAO: KBYH, FAA LID: BYH) is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) northwest of the central business district of Blytheville, a city in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. It is owned by the Blytheville Gosnell Regional Airport Authority.

Blytheville, Arkansas
Blytheville is one of two county seats of and the largest city in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. It is approximately 60 miles (100 km) north of West Memphis. The population was 13,406 at the 2020 census, down from 15,620 in 2010.
Laboulbeniomycetes
The Laboulbeniomycetes are a unique group of fungi that are obligatorily associated with arthropods, either as external parasites (Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales) or for dispersal (Pyxidiophorales).

Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales fungi are minute; their fruiting bodies, referred to as thalli, commonly measure less than one millimeter. They live on the antennae, the mouthparts or other body regions of their arthropod hosts. Although several species of Laboulbeniomycetes have more or less extensive, root-like hyphal systems (haustoria) inside their hosts, as a group these fungi are relatively harmless to their hosts. These fungi occur usually only on adult hosts; apparently immature arthropods eliminate them during ecdysis (adult arthropods no longer molt). Some thallus-forming species are dioecious, that is, they have separate female and male individuals, like Herpomyces (in the order Herpomycetales).

Pyxidiophoraceae
The Pyxidiophorales are an order of fungi in the class Laboulbeniomycetes. The order was created in 2001 to contain the single family Pyxidiophoraceae, circumscribed in 1971. The Pyxidiophoraceae are mostly coprophilous fungi that associate with mites and other arthropods. The type genus, Pyxidiophora, the largest genus of the family, has about 20 species.
Hugo Nicolson
Hugo Nicolson is an English record producer and engineer, who has worked on records for artists including Primal Scream, Embrace, David Holmes, Shack, Julian Cope, and his sister, Claire Nicolson (musician) who also performs under the pseudonym 'Tiger Onezie'. Nicolson started working as a tape op at the Townhouse Studios and progressed to being an engineer and producer on a number of well-known albums. Nicolson played a key role on Primal Scream's Screamadelica album, working with Andrew Weatherall as co-producer and engineer, helping to remix the original recordings made by the band.
Hugo engineered Grammy award winning artist Radiohead on their critically acclaimed record In Rainbows

Andrew Weatherall
Andrew James Weatherall (6 April 1963 – 17 February 2020) was an English musician, DJ, songwriter, producer and remixer. His career took him from being a DJ in the acid house movement of the late 1980s to being a remixer of tracks by Happy Mondays, New Order, Björk, the Orb, the Future Sound of London, My Bloody Valentine, Saint Etienne, Primal Scream, Moby and James.

His production work on Primal Scream's album Screamadelica, adding samples, loops and creating an influential mix of hard rock, house and rave, helped the record win the first ever Mercury Music Prize in 1992 and become one of the most celebrated albums of the 1990s.
Uli Kusch
Ulrich Kusch (born 11 March 1967) is a German heavy metal drummer. He is best known for playing with Helloween, Gamma Ray, Masterplan and Holy Moses, among others. He is known for his technical style of playing, fast-paced speed metal-like rhythm, and capable songwriting abilities.

Mekong Delta (band)
Mekong Delta is a German thrash/progressive metal band formed by Ralf Hubert in 1985. The band members initially kept their identities a secret, assuming that German musicians would not be accepted internationally. The band's debut album, Mekong Delta, was released in 1987, followed by several other albums, lineup changes, and a hiatus. In 2007, they released the album Lurking Fear, and in 2014, they released In a Mirror Darkly.
Aquila, Switzerland
Aquila is a former municipality in the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 25 January 2005, the cantonal authorities announced that Aquila would merge with Campo Blenio, Ghirone, Olivone and Torre to form a new municipality to be called Blenio. This union was carried through on 22 October 2006.

Torre, Switzerland
Torre was a municipality in the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 25 January 2005, the cantonal authorities announced that Torre would merge with Aquila, Campo Blenio, Ghirone and Olivone to form a new municipality to be called Blenio. This union was carried through on 22 October 2006.

The Torre Municipal House is home to the Olivone Circle Peace Judicature, the Ul Süril Association, and the midwife office of Sampietro Sicilia Lorenza.
Celts in Transylvania
The appearance of Celts in Transylvania can be traced to the later La Tène period (c. 4th century BCE).
Excavation of the great La Tène necropolis at Apahida, Cluj County, by Ștefan Kovács at the turn of the 20th century revealed the first evidence of Celtic culture in Romania. The 3rd–2nd century BCE site is remarkable for its cremation burials and chiefly wheel-made funeral vessels.

A historical timeline of the Celts of Transylvania can be derived from archaeological finds at La Tène, but there are almost no ancient records that allow reconstruction of political events in the area. The Celts exercised politico-military rule over Transylvania between the 4th and 2nd century BCE and brought with them a more advanced iron-working technology. They were also responsible for the spread of the potter's wheel into a much wider area than the one they occupied.

Dacians
The Dacians (/ˈdeɪ.ʃən/, DAY-shən; Latin: Daci [ˈdaːkiː]; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, Δάοι, Δάκαι) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often considered a subgroup of the Thracians. This area includes mainly the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as parts of Ukraine, Eastern Serbia, Northern Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary and Southern Poland. The Dacians and the related Getae spoke the Dacian language, which has a debated relationship with the neighbouring Thracian language and may be a subgroup of it. Dacians were somewhat culturally influenced by the neighbouring Scythians and by the Celtic invaders of the 4th century BC.
Dorsetshire and Wiltshire Fortress Royal Engineers
The Dorsetshire & Wiltshire Fortress Royal Engineers was a part-time unit of Britain's Royal Engineers formed in 1908. It helped to defend the naval base of Portland Harbour during World War I and provided a detachment to serve with the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front. Between the World Wars the unit took on the additional role of anti-aircraft searchlight defence and during World War II it was expanded into a full searchlight regiment that served during the Plymouth Blitz.

72nd (Middlesex) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery
72nd (Middlesex) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery was an air defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army (TA) raised just before the outbreak of World War II, which served as part of Anti-Aircraft Command during and after the war.
WMAQ-TV
WMAQ-TV (channel 5) is a television station in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is owned and operated by the NBC television network via its NBC Owned Television Stations division. Under common ownership with Telemundo station WSNS-TV (channel 44), the two stations share studio facilities at the NBC Tower on North Columbus Drive in the city's Streeterville neighborhood and broadcast from the same transmitter atop the Willis Tower in the Chicago Loop.

NBC Owned Television Stations
NBC Owned Television Stations (formerly NBC Local Media and NBC Television Stations Division (TVSD)) is the division of NBCUniversal Owned TV Stations (NBCUniversal), a subsidiary of Comcast that oversees the NBC owned-and-operated television stations, Cozi TV network, LXTV and Skycastle Entertainment, its in-house marketing and promotion company. NBCUniversal's Telemundo owned-and-operated stations are held in the separate Telemundo Station Group.
Dəmirçi, Shamakhi
Dəmirçi (also, Damerchi and Demirchi) is a village and municipality in the Shamakhi Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 891.  The municipality consists of the villages of Dəmirçi, Zarat Xeybəri, and Səfalı.

The Demirchi Village Mosque is located in the village.

Zarat Xeybəri
40°54′20″N 48°32′57″E﻿ / ﻿40.90556°N 48.54917°E﻿ / 40.90556; 48.54917

Zarat Xeybəri (also, Zarat Xeytəri and Zarat-Kheyberi) is a village in the Shamakhi Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Dəmirçi.
Rocket Madsen Space Lab
Rocket Madsen Space Lab (often called RML Spacelab) was a laboratory established by engineer and convicted murderer Peter Madsen on 16 July 2014 in Copenhagen, after he left Copenhagen Suborbitals.

Rocket Madsen Space Lab was located in the Horizontal Assembly Building (HAB) of the old B&W shipyard at Refshaleøen in Copenhagen. In this building Peter Madsen researched, developed and built rockets based on H2O2 / polyurethane hybrid engines.

In preparation was Flight Alpha, which was expected to reach an altitude of 14 km.

Peter Madsen
Peter Langkjær Madsen (Danish: [ˈpʰe̝ˀtɐ ˈlɑŋˌkʰeˀɐ̯ ˈmæsn̩]; born 12 January 1971) is a Danish convicted murderer and former entrepreneur. In April 2018, he was convicted of the August 2017 murder of Swedish journalist Kim Wall on board his submarine, UC3 Nautilus, and sentenced to life imprisonment.
Bankeraceae
The Bankeraceae are a family of fungi in the order Thelephorales. Taxa are terrestrial, and ectomycorrhizal with plant species in families such as Pinaceae or Fagaceae. The family was circumscribed by Marinus Anton Donk in 1961. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 6 genera and 98 species.

Thelephorales
The Thelephorales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes corticioid and hydnoid fungi, together with a few polypores and clavarioid species. Most fungi within the Thelephorales are ectomycorrhizal. None is of any great economic importance, though Sarcodon imbricatus is edible and commercially marketed, whilst several species have been used for craft dyeing.