hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kenneth Schermerhorn
Kenneth Dewitt Schermerhorn (/ˈskɜːrmərhɔːrn/ SKUR-mər-horn; November 20, 1929 – April 18, 2005) was an American composer and orchestra conductor. He was the music director of the Nashville Symphony from 1983 to 2005.

Martha Rivers Ingram
Martha Robinson Rivers Ingram (born August 20, 1935) is an American billionaire businesswoman and philanthropist. In 1995, Ingram succeeded her late husband as chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Ingram Industries, one of America's largest privately held companies. She is the co-author of three books, including two biographies and a history of the performing arts in Nashville, Tennessee.
Keswick Island
Keswick Island is an island in the southern half of the Whitsunday Islands. Located 34 kilometres north-east of the Queensland city of Mackay, Keswick Island is part of the Cumberland Islands of islands that lay protected inside the waters of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

Controversy was sparked in 2020 after the head lease for the island was silently acquired by Chinese developer China Bloom in 2019.
The developer has been accused of blocking access to the islands airstrip, boat ramps and national parks as well as illegally erecting 'keep out' signs and excavating and flattening a shoreline without a permit during turtle nesting season.

The island is inhabited by a small number of residents. It is a semi-popular tourist destination set to expand with planned development. Visitors can stay in a small number of catered and self-catered accommodation. The island has its own airstrip and is accessible from Mackay Airport by a short plane flight or by private boat.

South Cumberland Islands National Park
South Cumberland Islands is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 831 km northwest of Brisbane. It is famous for the marine stingers which can be found in the waters of the park between October and May.
Nathalie Kovanko
Nathalie  Ivanovna  Kovanko (Ukrainian: Наталія Іванівна Кованько, Russian:  Наталья Ивановна Кованько; 13 September 1899 – 23 May 1967) was a Ukrainian film actress of the silent era who worked in France. Born Natalia Ivanovna Kovanko in Crimea, then part of the Russian Empire, now Ukraine, in 1919 she emigrated to France following the Russian Revolution. She married Victor Tourjansky, a fellow exile. She later returned to live in the USSR, where she died in 1967.

Victor Tourjansky
Victor Tourjansky (Russian: Виктор Туржанский 4 March 1891 – 13 August 1976), born Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Turzhansky (Russian: Вячеслав Константинович Туржанский), was a Russian actor, screenwriter and film director who emigrated after the Russian Revolution of 1917. He worked in France, Germany, Italy, and the United States.
Castle Pinckney
Castle Pinckney is a small masonry fortification constructed by the United States government, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, in 1810. It was used very briefly as a prisoner-of-war camp (six weeks) and artillery position during the American Civil War. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

Castle Pinckney Light
Castle Pinckney Light is a former lighthouse on Shutes' Folly Island in Charleston Harbor, Charleston County, South Carolina.

Castle Pinckney was a c.   1810 U.S. coastal fortification, which was built upon the site of Fort Pinckney, a 1797 fort destroyed during an 1804 hurricane.

Castle Pinckney was occupied by Confederate forces during the Civil War.
Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Actress in a Superhero Series
The Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Actress in a Superhero Series, Limited Series or Made-for-TV Movie is an award presented by the Critics Choice Association to the best performance by an actress in a superhero, comic book or video game-inspired television series or TV movie.

This award was first presented in 2021 to Aya Cash for her role as Klara Risinger / Liberty / Stormfront on The Boys. The most nominated actresses in this category are Sophia Di Martino, Kathryn Hahn, Erin Moriarty and Bella Ramsey, with two nominations each.

The current recipient of the award is Cristin Milioti for her role as Sofia Gigante (née Falcone) in The Penguin.

Critics' Choice Super Awards
The Critics' Choice Super Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Critics Choice Association to honor the finest in genre fiction film, television and home media releases, including action, superhero, horror, science fiction, fantasy and animation releases. They were first established in 2020, with the inaugural ceremony taking place on January 10, 2021, virtually, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Waterstock
Waterstock is a village and civil parish on the River Thame about 4.5 miles (7 km) west of the market town of Thame in Oxfordshire. The parish is bounded to the north and west by the river, to the south largely by the A418 main road, and to the east largely by the minor road between Tiddington and Ickford Bridge across the Thame. On the north side of the parish, the river forms the county boundary with Buckinghamshire as well as the parish boundary with Ickford and Worminghall. Waterstock village is on a minor road north of the A418 and is surrounded by open farming land. In the village are about 50 houses and a farm along one main street.

Tiddington, Oxfordshire
Tiddington is a village in the civil parish of Tiddington-with-Albury, in the South Oxfordshire district, in Oxfordshire, England. It is about 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) west of Thame, on the A418 road between Thame and Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded Tiddington-with-Albury's population as 683. Tiddington is on the county boundary with Buckinghamshire. It was a manor and hamlet of the parish of Albury, although for most of its history it has been a larger place than Albury. In 1866 Tiddington became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1932 the parish was merged with Albury to form "Tiddington with Albury". In 1931 the parish had a population of 163.
Qızılca, Goygol
Qızılca (Gizilja) is a village and municipality in the Goygol District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,703.  The municipality consists of the villages of Qızılca, Damcılı, Danayeri, Yalqışlaq, and Yeni Qızılca.

Damcılı
40°37′28″N 46°13′55″E﻿ / ﻿40.62444°N 46.23194°E﻿ / 40.62444; 46.23194

Damcılı (also, Damdzhaly, Damdzhyly, and Damzhaly) is a village in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Qızılca.
Areobindus (died 546)
Areobindus (died 546) was an official and military commander of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. He served as a senator in Constantinople and briefly as magister militum in Africa in 545/6.

Areobindus was sent to Africa by Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) following the crisis which had erupted during Sergius's command. Areobindus's retinue included a contingent of Armenian troops led by Artabanes and John, descendants of the royal Armenian Arsacid line.

An inexperienced military commander, Areobindus proved unable to deal with the issue. After the Battle of Thacia, Justinian recalled Sergius and made Areobindus "overall commander" but the mutiny had already spread through the ranks.

In 546, Areobindus was killed in Carthage by the rebel Guntarith (Guntharis), the dux of Numidia. Areobindus was married to Praejecta.

Praetorian prefecture of Africa
The Praetorian Prefecture of Africa (Latin: praefectura praetorio Africae) was an administrative division of the Byzantine Empire in the Maghreb. With its seat at Carthage, it was established after the reconquest of northwestern Africa from the Vandals in 533–534 by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. It continued to exist until 591, when it was replaced by the Exarchate of Africa.
Rydberg atom
A Rydberg atom is an excited atom with one or more electrons that have a very high principal quantum number, n. The higher the value of n, the farther the electron is from the nucleus, on average. Rydberg atoms have a number of peculiar properties including an exaggerated response to electric and magnetic fields, long decay periods and electron wavefunctions that approximate, under some conditions, classical orbits of electrons about the nuclei.  The core electrons shield the outer electron from the electric field of the nucleus such that, from a distance, the electric potential looks identical to that experienced by the electron in a hydrogen atom.

Stark effect
The Stark effect is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of an external electric field. It is the electric-field analogue of the Zeeman effect, where a spectral line is split into several components due to the presence of the magnetic field. Although initially coined for the static case, it is also used in the wider context to describe the effect of time-dependent electric fields. In particular, the Stark effect is responsible for the pressure broadening (Stark broadening) of spectral lines by charged particles in plasmas. For most spectral lines, the Stark effect is either linear (proportional to the applied electric field) or quadratic with a high accuracy.

The Stark effect can be observed both for emission and absorption lines. The latter was sometimes called the inverse Stark effect, but this term is no longer used in the modern literature.
Big Point, Mississippi
Big Point is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. Per the 2020 Census, the population was 618.

Pascagoula metropolitan area
The Pascagoula metropolitan statistical area was a metropolitan area in the southeastern corner of Mississippi that covered two counties - Jackson and George. As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 150,564. The area was significantly impacted by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. A July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 155,603. Prior to the hurricane, the area had experienced steady population growth. It was also part of the larger Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula Combined Statistical Area.

As of 2020, this area is no longer designated as a metropolitan statistical area. Jackson County is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi metropolitan area, and George County is not included in any metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area.
2023 Arlington Renegades season
The 2023 Arlington Renegades season was the second season for the Arlington Renegades as a professional American football franchise. They erre charter members of the XFL, and one of eight teams to compete in the league for the 2023 season. The Renegades played their home games at the Choctaw Stadium and were led by head coach Bob Stoops.

The Renegades had changed their franchise name from Dallas Renegades to Arlington Renegades prior to the 2023 season.

Earning their first playoff berth, the Renegades eliminated the South Division regular season division champions Houston Roughnecks. With the win, the Renegades advance to the XFL Championship Game where they faced the DC Defenders, winning by a score of 35–26 to win their first ever XFL Championship.

2023 Houston Roughnecks season
The 2023 Houston Roughnecks season was the second season for the Houston Roughnecks as a professional American football franchise. They played as charter members of the XFL, one of eight teams to compete in the league for the 2023 season. The Roughnecks played their home games at the TDECU Stadium and were led by head coach Wade Phillips.

Earning their first playoff berth and clinching first place in the South Division, the Roughnecks were eliminated by the Arlington Renegades in the South Division title game in the playoffs.

This was the last season before the XFL merged with the United States Football League to form United Football League (UFL). As part of the merger agreement leading up to the 2024 season, the XFL's Roughnecks would disband and the USFL's Houston Gamblers would take over the Roughnecks name.
Concordia, Entre Ríos
Concordia, officially San Antonio de Padua de la Concordia, is a city and municipality that is the head town of the Concordia department, Entre Ríos Province, located in the Argentine Mesopotamia. It has 179,203 inhabitants according to the 2022 census [INDEC], making it the second largest in its province, and the 24th largest in Argentina.

Uruguay River
The Uruguay River (Spanish: Río Uruguay [ˈri.o wɾuˈɣwaj]; Portuguese: Rio Uruguai [ˈʁi.u uɾuˈɡwaj]) is a major river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of the Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano and Colonia in Uruguay.
Normal form (dynamical systems)
In mathematics, the normal form of a dynamical system is a simplified form that can be useful in determining the system's behavior.

Normal forms are often used for determining local bifurcations in a system. All systems exhibiting a certain type of bifurcation are locally (around the equilibrium) topologically equivalent to the normal form of the bifurcation. For example, the normal form of a saddle-node bifurcation is

where  is the bifurcation parameter. The transcritical bifurcation

near  can be converted to the normal form

with the transformation .

See also canonical form for use of the terms canonical form, normal form, or standard form more generally in mathematics.

Bifurcation theory
Bifurcation theory is the mathematical study of changes in the qualitative or topological structure of a given family of curves, such as the integral curves of a family of vector fields, and the solutions of a family of differential equations. Most commonly applied to the mathematical study of dynamical systems, a bifurcation occurs when a small smooth change made to the parameter values (the bifurcation parameters) of a system causes a sudden "qualitative" or topological change in its behavior. Bifurcations occur in both continuous systems (described by ordinary, delay or partial differential equations) and discrete systems (described by maps).

The name "bifurcation" was first introduced by Henri Poincaré in 1885 in the first paper in mathematics showing such a behavior.
Arung Palakka
Sultan Saaduddin Arung Palakka, or La Tenritatta to Unru' (1634 or 1635 – 1696) was a 17th-century Bugis prince and warrior. He supported the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the Makassar War (1666–1669) against the Gowa Sultanate in his native South Sulawesi (today part of Indonesia). After the defeat of Gowa, he became the King of Bone and South Sulawesi's most powerful man.

Bone State
Bone (also Boni, or Bone Saoraja) or Bone State was a sultanate in the south-west peninsula of what is now Sulawesi (formerly Celebes), a province of modern-day Indonesia. It came under Dutch rule in 1905, and was succeeded by the Bone Regency.

Covering an area of 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi), Bone's chief town Boni, lay 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of the city of Makassar, home to the Bugis people.
Wassenaar
Wassenaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɑsənaːr] ⓘ; population: 26,949 in 2021) is a municipality and town located in the province of South Holland, on the western coast of the Netherlands.

An affluent suburb of The Hague, Wassenaar lies 10 km (6 mi) north of that city on the N44/A44 highway near the North Sea coast. It is part of the Haaglanden region and the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area. The municipality covers an area of 62.40 km2 (24.09 sq mi), of which 11.29 km2 (4.36 sq mi) is covered by water.

Wassenaar is home to some of the Netherlands' richest residential neighborhoods as well as the country's most expensive street, the Konijnenlaan.

Van Wassenaer
The Wassenaer family is an old Dutch noble family. It was first mentioned in the County of Holland on 3 November 1200. They are one of the few original noble families from Holland that has survived to this day. Members of the family carry the title of count or baron.
Lilla Cabot Perry
Lilla Cabot Perry (born Lydia Cabot; January 13, 1848 – February 28, 1933) was an American artist who worked in the American Impressionist style, rendering portraits and landscapes in the free form manner of her mentor, Claude Monet. Perry was an early advocate of the French Impressionist style and contributed to its reception in the United States. Perry's early work was shaped by her exposure to the Boston School of artists and her travels in Europe and Japan. She was also greatly influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophies and her friendship with Camille Pissarro. Although it was not until the age of thirty-six that Perry received formal training, her work with artists of the Impressionist, Realist, Symbolist, and German Social Realist movements greatly affected the style of her oeuvre.

Boston school (painting)
The Boston school was a group of Boston-based painters active in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Often classified as American Impressionists, they had their own regional style, combining the painterliness of Impressionism with a more conservative approach to figure painting and a marked respect for the traditions of Western art history. Their preferred subject matter was genteel: portraits, picturesque landscapes, and young women posing in well-appointed interiors. Major influences included John Singer Sargent, Claude Monet, and Jan Vermeer. Key figures in the Boston school were Edmund C. Tarbell, Frank Weston Benson, and William McGregor Paxton, all of whom trained in Paris at the Académie Julian and later taught at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts. Their influence can still be seen in the work of some contemporary Boston-area artists.
Lexus RC
The Lexus RC (Japanese: レクサス・RC, Hepburn: Rekusasu RC) is a compact executive two-door coupé manufactured by Lexus, Toyota's luxury division. The RC which according to Lexus stands for "Radical Coupe" is a two-door coupé version of the Lexus IS (XE30). The RC is designated as the XC10 series. The RC borrowed styling from the LF-LC concept and was previewed by the LF-CC concept, being designed as a proposal by Pansoo Kwon from 2010 to early 2012 and approved by supervising designers Yasuo Kajino and Tatsuya Takei.

North American International Auto Show
The Detroit Auto Show, formerly known as the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS), is an annual auto show held in Detroit, Michigan. Hosted at Huntington Place (formerly Cobo Center) since 1965, it is among the largest auto shows in North America, and is widely regarded as one of the automotive industry's most important events.

The show is organized by the Detroit Auto Dealers Association (DADA), and has been held annually in January for much of its recent history. It is usually open to the general public for 1–2 weeks, preceded by previews for industry employees and media, and a black-tie "charity preview" fundraiser for local children's charities.
AMN (TV station)
AMN is a television station licensed to serve Griffith and the surrounding Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (M.I.A.). The station is owned and operated by WIN Corporation as a Nine Network affiliate, WIN Television.

WIN Television is the sole commercial television broadcaster in the Griffith and M.I.A. area, also providing MTN, a Seven Network affiliate, and a Network 10 affiliate MDN, a supplementary station.

Griffith, New South Wales
Griffith is a major regional city in the northern Riverina region of western New South Wales, known commonly as the food bowl of Australia. It is also the seat of the City of Griffith local government area.  Like the Australian capital, Canberra, and extensions to the nearby town of Leeton, Griffith was designed by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin. Griffith was named after Arthur Hill Griffith, the then New South Wales Secretary for Public Works. Griffith was proclaimed a city in 1987, and at the 2021 census had a population of 20,569.

It can be accessed by road from Sydney and Canberra via the Hume Highway and the Burley Griffin Way and from Melbourne, via the Newell Highway and either by using the Kidman Way or the Irrigation Way. Griffith can be accessed from other places like Adelaide, Orange, and Bathurst through the Mid-Western Highway and the Rankins Springs road from Rankins Springs and the Kidman Way from Goolgowi.
Pakistan International Airlines FC
Pakistan International Airlines Football Club, abbreviated as PIA FC, served as the football section of Pakistan International Airlines. Based in Karachi, Sindh, the club used to compete in the National Football Championship and Pakistan Premier League.

The club is the most successful club in Pakistan in terms of league titles, winning nine National Football Championship titles, with their first league title in 1971 and their last title win in the 1998–99 season.

Khan Research Laboratories FC
Khan Research Laboratories Football Club, abbreviated as KRL, serves as the football section of Khan Research Laboratories. Based in Rawalpindi, the club plays their home games at KRL Stadium. The club used to compete in the National Football Championship and Pakistan Premier League. The club regularly participates in the National Football Challenge Cup.

The club has won five Pakistan Premier League titles and six National Football Challenge Cups. With these eleven trophies, they are the most successful club in the country. They are the only Pakistani club to have reached a continental club final, the 2013 AFC President's Cup, where they lost 1–0 to Balkan FK.
Sternum
The sternum (pl.: sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word sternum originates from Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon) 'chest'.

Costal cartilage
Costal cartilage, also known as rib cartilage, are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension.
Faculty of Actuaries
The Faculty of Actuaries in Scotland was the professional body representing actuaries in Scotland. The Faculty of Actuaries was one of two actuarial bodies in the UK, the other was the Institute of Actuaries, which was a separate body in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. While the Faculty of Actuaries and the Institute of Actuaries were separate institutions, they worked very closely together, and the professional qualifications and professional standards for actuaries were identical in each of them. On 25 May 2010, voting members of the Faculty who took part in a ballot voted to merge the Faculty with the Institute of Actuaries, thus creating the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries which came into being on 1 August 2010, superseding the Faculty of Actuaries which ceased to exist on that date.

Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
The Institute and Faculty of Actuaries (IFoA) is the United Kingdom’s chartered professional body for actuaries. It represents and regulates more than 34,000 members worldwide and works internationally through offices in London, Oxford and Edinburgh and regional offices in Beijing, Malaysia and Singapore. The profession is overseen in the UK by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC), which sets technical actuarial standards and monitors the IFoA’s regulation of actuaries. The IFoA was created in 2010 by the merger of the Institute of Actuaries (founded 1848) and the Faculty of Actuaries (founded 1856). In November 2024 the IFoA introduced the Chartered Actuary designation for Fellow and Associate members.