hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kakutani fixed-point theorem
In mathematical analysis, the Kakutani fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem for set-valued functions. It provides sufficient conditions for a set-valued function defined on a convex, compact subset of a Euclidean space to have a fixed point, i.e. a point which is mapped to a set containing it. The Kakutani fixed point theorem is a generalization of the Brouwer fixed point theorem. The Brouwer fixed point theorem is a fundamental result in topology which proves the existence of fixed points for continuous functions defined on compact, convex subsets of Euclidean spaces.  Kakutani's theorem extends this to set-valued functions.

The theorem was developed by Shizuo Kakutani in 1941, and was used by John Nash in his description of Nash equilibria. It has subsequently found widespread application in game theory and economics.

General equilibrium theory
In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an overall general equilibrium. General equilibrium theory contrasts with the theory of partial equilibrium, which analyzes a specific part of an economy while its other factors are held constant.

General equilibrium theory both studies economies using the model of equilibrium pricing and seeks to determine in which circumstances the assumptions of general equilibrium will hold. The theory dates to the 1870s, particularly the work of French economist Léon Walras in his pioneering 1874 work Elements of Pure Economics. The theory reached its modern form with the work of Lionel W. McKenzie (Walrasian theory), Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu (Hicksian theory) in the 1950s.
2023–24 V.League 2
The 2023–24 V.League 2, known as the Gold Star V.League 2 (Vietnamese: Giải bóng đá Hạng Nhất Quốc gia Bia Sao Vàng 2023–24) for sponsorship reasons, was the 30th season of V. League 2, Vietnam's second tier professional football league. The season began on 21 October 2023 and ended on 29 June 2024.

This season will be the first since the 2001-02 season to have an inter-year schedule (autumn-to-spring) instead of an intra-year schedule (spring-to-autumn). There will also be a break from 25 December 2023 to 10 February 2024 for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup and from 7 April 2024 to 3 May 2024 for the 2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup.

Like the previous season, teams won't be allowed to register any foreign players, but will be allotted a non-naturalized Vietnamese player slot.

V.League 2
The Vietnamese National Football First League (Vietnamese: Giải bóng đá hạng Nhất Quốc gia, lit. 'National First Division Football League'), known simply as the V.League 2 and for sponsorship purposes as the Gold Star V.League 2, is the second-highest league of the Vietnamese football league system after the V.League 1, and is currently contested by 14 clubs. The current holders are Phu Dong Ninh Binh, who won the 2024–25 season.
Matheson, Colorado
Matheson is a census-designated place (CDP) and post office in and governed by Elbert County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Matheson post office has the ZIP Code 80830. At the United States Census 2020, the population of the Matheson CDP was 79.

Elbert County, Colorado
Elbert County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,062. The county seat is Kiowa and the largest town is Elizabeth. Elbert County is included in the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Air Lithuania
Air Lithuania (Lithuanian: Aviakompanija Lietuva, literally: Air Company "Lithuania") was a regional airline based in Kaunas in Lithuania. It operated scheduled and charter flights, provided cargo services and aircraft rental. Its main bases were Kaunas International Airport (KUN) and Palanga International Airport (PLQ).

Kaunas Airport
Kaunas Airport (Lithuanian: Kauno tarptautinis oro uostas) (IATA: KUN, ICAO: EYKA) is the second-busiest civil airport in Lithuania after Vilnius Čiurlionis International Airport and the fourth-busiest in the Baltic states. The airport is located in the central part of the country, 14 km (8.7 mi) northeast of the Kaunas city centre and 100 km (62 mi) west from the capital Vilnius.
Bryan Sports
The Bryan Sports were an East Texas League minor league baseball team based in Bryan, Texas that played during the 1950 season. The squad was managed by Bones Sanders and went 23–65 before disbanding on July 20.

The Sports played their home games at Travis Field.

Edible Field
Edible Field is a ballpark located in Bryan, Texas; it is home to the TCL Brazos Valley Bombers and the USL2 Twin City Toucans soccer team. Renamed by a corporate sponsorship with Edible Arrangements in 2021, it was long known as Travis Field during its use by several minor-league baseball teams and Texas A&M Aggies baseball for several decades.
Lou Fellingham
Louise "Lou" Fellingham (née Hunt; born 5 May 1974) is an English Christian worship leader, singer and songwriter from Brighton in East Sussex, England. She is a founding member of the British band Phatfish and has also pursued a solo career. In 2008, she won a Christian Broadcasting Council (CBC) Award for her album Promised Land, in the category of Best Worship. She has worked alongside other Christian artists such as Matt Redman, Graham Kendrick, Tim Hughes and Stuart Townend. She regularly leads worship and performs at different venues around the world. A rendition of Fellingham leading the hymn "In Christ Alone" has had more than six million views on YouTube.

Stuart Townend (musician)
Stuart Townend (born 1963) is an English Christian worship leader and writer of hymns and contemporary worship music. His songs include "In Christ Alone", (2001, co-written with Keith Getty, Townend's first collaboration with any other songwriter), "How Deep The Father's Love For Us", "Beautiful Saviour" and "The King of Love". As of 2008, Christian Copyright Licensing International (CCLI) lists "In Christ Alone" in its Top 25 CCLI Songs list.
Dehimandau
Dehimandau is a Ward in Dashrath Chand Municipality in the Baitadi District of Sudurpashchim Province of western Nepal. At the time of the 2021 Nepal census it had a population of 4,362 and has an area of 12.85 Sq. km. The current elected chairman of Ward No.2 of Dashrath Chand Municipality is Surya Bahadur Bohara.

Dasharathchand
Dasharathchand is a municipality and the district headquarter of Baitadi District in Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal. It is a hill station above Mahakali River close to the Indian border. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 34,575 people living in 7,257 individual households.
It is named in honour of a martyr revolutionary Dashrath Chand (1903-1941).
Gar Tsenye Dompu
Gar Tsenye Dompu (Tibetan: མགར་བརྩན་སྙ་ལྡོམ་པུ, Wylie: mgar brtsan snya ldom pu; ? – 685) was a general of the Tibetan Empire. He was the eldest son of minister Gar Tongtsen Yülsung. In Chinese records, his name was given as Zàn Xīruò (simplified Chinese: 赞悉若; traditional Chinese: 贊悉若).

The Lönchen Gar Tongtsen died of neck cancer in 'A-zha in 667, leaving his position vacant. Though many officials regarded We Sungnang as the most suitable candidate, Mangsong Mangtsen still appointed Tsenye as the Lönchen.

Gar Tsenye raided the remaining Chinese territories in the Tarim Basin in 673. He came into conflict with another minister Gar Mangnyen Taktsab (མགར་མང་ཉེན་སྟག་ཙབ), then, met on the battleground in 685. He died by a river in Sumpa.

His brother Gar Trinring Tsendro quickly put down the rebellion then had Mangnyen Taktsab purged. Later, Trinring was appointed as the new Lönchen.

Gar Trinring Tsendro
Gar Trinring Tsendro (Tibetan: མགར་ཁྲིང་འབྲིང་བཙན་བྲོད, Wylie: mgar khri vbring btsan brod; ? – 699), also known as Lon Trinling (Tibetan: བློན་ཁྲི་འབྲིང), was a famous general of the Tibetan Empire. He was the second son of minister Gar Tongtsen Yülsung. In Chinese records, his name was given as Lùn Qīnlíng (simplified Chinese: 论钦陵; traditional Chinese: 論欽陵) or Qǐzhèng (Chinese: 起政).
Tom Waldman
Tom Waldman (July 8, 1922 – July 23, 1985) was an American screenwriter whose credits included Inspector Clouseau, Trail of the Pink Panther and The Party, both in collaboration with Blake Edwards, and episodes of popular TV series such as McHale's Navy, I Dream of Jeannie, Gilligan's Island, Peter Gunn and Bewitched. He frequently collaborated on scripts with his brother Frank. The Waldman brothers were the sole credited writers of the script for the 41st Academy Awards.

Frank Waldman
Frank Waldman (March 15, 1919 – September 5, 1990) was an American screenwriter who frequently worked with Blake Edwards and his brother Tom Waldman.

Waldman was born in Chicago, Illinois. He wrote for the documentary series This Is Tom Jones, as well as episodes for  Peter Gunn, I Dream of Jeannie, McHale's Navy, Bewitched, Gilligan's Island, The Greatest Show on Earth, and The Judy Garland Show.

The Waldman brothers were the sole credited writers of the script for the 41st Academy Awards.
Banksia rufa subsp. magna
Banksia rufa subsp. magna is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. magna until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. ferruginea and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

Banksia rufa
Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.
Noach of Lechovitch
Rabbi Noach Jaffe of Lechovitch (Hebrew: נח מלעכוויטש; Yiddish: דער זון,, romanized: Der Zon, lit. 'The Son'; 1775 – October 2, 1832) was a Hasidic rabbi of the Lechovitch dynasty as successor to his father, Rabbi Mordechai of Lechovitch. He was the president of the Holy Land Fund on behalf of Kollel Raysin.

Lechovitch (Hasidic dynasty)
Lechovitch (Yiddish: לעכוויטש) is a Lithuanian Hasidic dynasty, originating from the city of Lyakhavichy, Belarus, where it was founded by Rabbi Mordechai Jaffe (ca. 1742 - 1810). Lechovitch is a branch of Karlin Hasidism as Jaffe was a leading disciple of Rabbi Shlomo of Karlin. The Slonim, Koidanov, and Kobrin dynasties derive from Lechovitch Hasidism.
English International School Prague
The English International School, Prague (EISP) was a fee-paying, international day school for pupils 2–18. The school followed the English curriculum and the teaching staff were primarily trained in the UK.

It merged into the Prague British International School as of September 2018.

Nord Anglia Education
Nord Anglia Education, commonly referred to as Nord Anglia, is an international private school operator headquartered in the United Kingdom.

With over 100,000 students enrolled in its schools, it has more than 80 private day and boarding schools located in 37 countries across the Americas, Europe, China, Southeast Asia, India and the Middle East.
SIG MKMO
The SIG MKMO is a submachine gun produced by Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG) company in Neuhausen from 1933 to 1937. The MKMO – M = Maschinen, K = Karabiner M = Militär, O = Oben (Top ejection) – was designed for the military and to increase firepower it had a larger-capacity magazine as well as a longer barrel. Only 1,228 of these guns were produced. It saw limited adoption by Swiss police departments and the Swiss Guard at the Vatican. Finland purchased approximately 282 of the original MKMO variant, which were used by the home guard, supply units and coastal defense forces in the Continuation War.

Remington Model 51
The Remington Model 51 is a small pocket pistol designed by John Pedersen and manufactured by Remington Arms in the early 20th century for the American civilian market. Remington manufactured approximately 65,000 Model 51 pistols in .32 ACP and .380 ACP calibers from 1918 to 1926, though small numbers were assembled into the mid-1930s.
Ivan Mauger
Ivan Gerald Mauger OBE (4 October 1939 – 16 April 2018; last name pronounced "Major") was a New Zealand motorcycle speedway rider. He won a record six World Championships (Finals), a feat equalled only with the inclusion of the Speedway GP Championships by Bartosz Zmarzlik of Poland and Tony Rickardsson of Sweden. In 2010, Mauger was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements.

Western Australian Individual Speedway Championship
The Western Australian Individual Speedway Championship is a Motorcycle speedway championship held annually in Western Australia to determine the WA State champion. The event is organised by the Speedway Motorcycle Club of WA and is sanctioned by Motorcycling Australia (MA).
Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia
The Constitutional Assembly (Indonesian: Konstituante) was a body elected in 1955 to draw up a permanent constitution for the Republic of Indonesia. It sat between 10 November 1956 and 2 July 1959. It was dissolved by then President Sukarno in a decree issued on 5 July 1959 which reimposed the 1945 Constitution.

Communist Party of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: ['partaɪ koˈmunɪs indo'nesija], PKI, [ˈpekai̯]) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. At the time, it was the largest communist party in the world after the Chinese and Soviet communist parties.

During most of the period immediately following the Indonesian Independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country. Accused of responsibility for the 1965 army-led coup attempt, the party was banned by General Suharto in March 1966 and its members were violently purged.
Meshir 3
Meshir 2 – Coptic calendar – Meshir 4

The third day of the Coptic month of Meshir, the sixth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 28, of the Julian calendar, and February 10, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Meshir 4
Meshir 3 – Coptic calendar – Meshir 5

The fourth day of the Coptic month of Meshir, the sixth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 29, of the Julian calendar, and February 11, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.
Muda Station
Muda Station (六田駅, Muda-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ōyodo, Yoshino District,  Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company, Kintetsu Railway.

Ōyodo, Nara
Ōyodo (大淀町, Ōyodo-chō) is a town located in Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 October 2024, the town had an estimated population of 15,856 in 7364 households, and a population density of 420 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 38.10 km2 (14.71 sq mi).
Petrosix
Petrosix is the world's largest surface oil shale pyrolysis retort with an 11 metres (36 ft) diameter vertical shaft kiln, operational since 1992. It is located in São Mateus do Sul, Brazil, and it is owned and operated by the Brazil energy company Petrobras. Petrosix means also the Petrosix process, an externally generated hot gas technology of shale oil extraction.  The technology is tailored to Irati oil shale formation, a Permian formation of the Paraná Basin.

Petrobras
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., better known by and trading as the portmanteau Petrobras (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌpɛtɾoˈbɾas, pet-]), is a Brazilian majority state-owned multinational corporation in the petroleum industry, which is headquartered in Rio de Janeiro. The company's name translates to Brazilian Petroleum Corporation.

The company was ranked #71 in the 2023 Fortune Global 500 list. In the 2023 Forbes Global 2000, Petrobras was ranked as the 58th-largest public company in the world.
Hopleus
In Greek mythology, Hopleus (Ancient Greek: Ὁπλεύς) was the name of the following figures:

Hopleus, an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. He and his brothers were the most nefarious and carefree of all people. To test them, Zeus visited them in the form of a peasant. These brothers mixed the entrails of a child into the god's meal, whereupon the enraged Zeus threw the meal over the table. Hopleus was killed, along with his brothers and their father, by a lightning bolt of the god.

Hopleus, a Thessalian prince as the son of Poseidon and princess Canace, daughter of King Aeolus of Aeolia. He was the brother of Aloeus, Epopeus, Nireus and Triopas.

Hopleus, one of the Lapiths who fought against the Centaurs.

Hopleus, a soldier in the army of the Seven against Thebes and a comrade of Tydeus. He was killed by Aepytus.

Canace
In Greek mythology, Canace (/ˈkænəˌsiː/; Ancient Greek: Κανάκη, romanized: Kanákē, lit. 'barking') was the daughter of Aeolus, the king of Thessaly, and Enarete, daughter of Deimachus. She is known for the story, told by Euripides and Ovid, of her incestuous relationship with her brother Macareus and her subsequent suicide.
Medium of instruction
A medium of instruction (plural: media of instruction, or mediums of instruction) is a language used in teaching. It may or may not be the official language of the country or territory. If the first language of students is different from the official language, it may be used as the medium of instruction for part or all of schooling. Bilingual education or multilingual education may involve the use of more than one language of instruction. UNESCO considers that "providing education in a child's mother tongue is indeed a critical issue". In post-secondary, university and special education settings, content may often be taught in a language that is not spoken in the students' homes. This is referred to as content based learning or content and language integrated learning (CLIL). In situations where the medium of instruction of academic disciplines is English when it is not the students' first language, the phenomenon is referred to as English-medium instruction (EMI).

Bilingual education
In bilingual education, students are taught in two (or more) languages. It is distinct from learning a second language as a subject because both languages are used for instruction in different content areas like math, science, and history. The time spent in each language depends on the model. For example, some models focus on providing education in both languages throughout a student's entire education while others gradually transition to education in only one language. The ultimate goal of bilingual education is fluency and literacy in both languages through a variety of strategies such as translanguaging and recasting.
Design effect
In survey research, the design effect is a number that shows how well a sample of people may represent a larger group of people for a specific measure of interest (such as the mean). This is important when the sample comes from a sampling method that is different than just picking people using a simple random sample.

The design effect is a positive real number, represented by the symbol . If , then the sample was selected in a way that is just as good as if people were picked randomly. When , then inference from the data collected is not as accurate as it could have been if people were picked randomly.

When researchers use complicated methods to pick their sample, they use the design effect to check and adjust their results. It may also be used when planning a study in order to determine the sample size.

Horvitz–Thompson estimator
In statistics, the Horvitz–Thompson estimator, named after Daniel G. Horvitz and Donovan J. Thompson, is a method for estimating the total and mean of a pseudo-population in a stratified sample by applying inverse probability weighting to account for the difference in the sampling distribution between the collected data and the target population. The Horvitz–Thompson estimator is frequently applied in survey analyses and can be used to account for missing data, as well as many sources of unequal selection probabilities.
Dosariyah
Dosariyah is an archeological site in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, dating to the late 6th and early 5th millennium BCE. The spectrum of archaeological remains relate the site to the Arabian Neolithic. The earliest samples of Ubaid style pottery in Saudi Arabia were found at Dosariyah.

Ubaid period
The Ubaid period (c. 5500–3700 BC) is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia. The name derives from Tell al-'Ubaid where the earliest large excavation of Ubaid period material was conducted initially in 1919 by Henry Hall, Leonard Woolley in 1922–1923, and later by Pinhas Delougaz in 1937. Excavations continue into the present day.

In Southern Mesopotamia, this period marks the earliest known human settlements on the alluvial plain, although it is likely earlier periods exist that are obscured under the alluvium. In the south it has a very long duration between about 5500 and 3800 BC when it is replaced by the Uruk period.

In Northern Mesopotamia the period runs only between about 5300 and 4300 BC. It is preceded by the Halaf period and the Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period and succeeded by the Late Chalcolithic period.
Frozen Charlotte (doll)
A Frozen Charlotte is a specific form of china or bisque doll made in one solid piece without joints from c. 1850 to c. 1920. They were typically inexpensive, and the name Penny doll is also used, in particular for smallest, most affordable versions. The dolls had substantial popularity during the Victorian era.

China doll
A china doll is a doll made partially or wholly out of glazed porcelain. The name comes from china being used to refer to the material porcelain. Colloquially the term china doll is sometimes used to refer to any porcelain or bisque doll, but more specifically it describes only glazed dolls.

A typical china doll has a glazed porcelain head with painted molded hair and a body made of cloth or leather. They range in size from more than 30" (76 cm) tall to 1 inch (2.5 cm). Antique china dolls were predominantly produced in Germany, with the peak of popularity between approximately 1850 and 1890. Rare and elaborately decorated antique china dolls can have value on the collectors market. Beginning in the mid-20th-century reproductions of china dolls of various quality were produced in Japan and the United States.
Best Actor Award (Vietnam Film Festival)
Best Actor Award (Vietnamese: Giải nam diễn viên chính xuất sắc) is one of the awards presented at the Vietnam Film Festival to recognize an actor for the performance which has been determined the best by the juries in the feature film and direct-to-video categories.

Vietnam Film Festival
The Vietnam Film Festival (Vietnamese: Liên hoan phim Việt Nam), founded in 1970, is a domestic film festival of Vietnam. It is considered as the major event of Vietnamese cinema with awards for numerous categories ranging from feature film to documentary film, animated film. The festival is held for each two or three years in different host cities all over Vietnam.