hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cephalotes jansei
Cephalotes jansei is an extinct species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, originally erroneously called Exocryptocerus jansei by its discoverers, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop from a tree, giving them the nickname of gliding ants. The species was probably native of Hispaniola, however, lack of more evidence makes this uncertain. Their larger and flatter legs, a trait common with other members of the genus Cephalotes, gave them their gliding abilities.

The species was first given a description and a classification by German entomologists Gijsbertus Vierbergen and Joachim Scheven in 1995. It was subsequently described in Diversity and Adaptation in the Ant Genus Cephalotes Past and Present (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) as a sister group to Cephalotes serratus, possessing slightly larger and more triangular mandibles. It was discovered fossilized in amber on the island of Hispaniola in the Dominican Republic.

Cephalotes
Cephalotes is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded.
Languages with official recognition in India
As of 2025, 22 languages have been classified as scheduled languages under the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India. There is no national language of India. Hindi and English share official language status.

When the constitution was adopted in 1950, article 343 declared that Hindi would be the official language and English would serve as an additional official language for a period not exceeding 15 years. Article 344(1) defined a set of 14 regional languages which were represented in the Official Languages Commission. The commission was to suggest steps to be taken to progressively promote the use of Hindi as the official language of the country. The Official Languages Act, 1963, which came into effect on 26 January 1965, made provision for the continuation of English as an official language alongside Hindi.

Department of Official Language
The Department of Official Language is the Government of India's department responsible for the implementation of the provisions of the Constitution relating to official languages and the provisions of the Official Languages Act, 1963. Department of Official Language was set up in June 1975 as an independent Department of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Otterbein, Indiana
Otterbein is a town in Shelby Township, Tippecanoe County and Bolivar Township, Benton County, Indiana, named for William Otterbein Brown who donated land for the town. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,144.

It is part of the Lafayette, Indiana metropolitan area.

Bolivar Township, Benton County, Indiana
Bolivar Township is one of eleven townships in Benton County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,179 and it contained 514 housing units. Bolivar Township was organized in March 1860 and named for South American liberator Simón Bolivar.
Phlebopus
Phlebopus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletinellaceae (suborder Sclerodermatineae of the Boletales order). The genus has a widespread distribution in subtropical and pantropical regions, and contains 12 species. The species are saprobic, with some possibly able to form mycorrhizae with exotic trees in certain conditions. It contains the gigantic Phlebopus marginatus, the cap of which can reach 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter.

Sclerodermatineae
Sclerodermatineae is a suborder of the fungal order Boletales. Circumscribed in 2002 by mycologists Manfred Binder and Andreas Bresinsky, it contains nine genera and about 80 species. The suborder contains a diverse assemblage fruit body morphologies, including boletes, gasteroid forms, earthstars (genus Astraeus), and puffballs.  Most species are ectomycorrhizal, although the ecological role of some species is not known with certainty. The suborder is thought to have originated in the late Cretaceous (145–66 Ma) in Asia and North America, and the major genera diversified around the mid Cenozoic (66–0 Ma).
Josef Friedrich
Oberleutnant Josef Friedrich (18 September 1893 – ?) was a Czech fighter pilot. He was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories. He was born in Cvikov, Bohemia. He scored most of his victories while flying as an observer with Raoul Stojsavljevic.

Raoul Stojsavljevic
Raoul Stojsavljevic (28 July 1887 – 2 September 1930) was an Austro-Hungarian World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. His later career took him to postwar service in aviation both military and civilian. His older sister was the painter Mileva Roller and her husband was the artist Alfred Roller (1864–1935).
Taiwan Dancer TD-3
The Taiwan Dancer TD-3 is a Taiwanese amateur-built aircraft produced by Taiwan Dancer Technology Co. of Nangang Village, Dayuan District, Taoyuan City. Designed by Chin Lien Wei, the aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

By May 2017 the company website had been taken down and the company may have ceased operations.

Taiwan Dancer
Taiwan Dancer Technology Co., Ltd. was a Taiwanese aircraft manufacturer based in Nangang Village, Dayuan District, Taoyuan City. The company president was Chin Lien Wei. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of ultralight aircraft in the form of kits for amateur construction.

The first aircraft design, the TD-1 was started in 1996 and was completed in 1999. The company was founded in 2002 and the TD-2 was completed the same year. The third design, the Taiwan Dancer TD-3, was completed in 2007 and won first prize for an aircraft design, awarded by the Taiwanese Ministry of Economic Affairs.
Stewart Myers
Stewart Clay Myers (born 1940) is the Robert C. Merton Professor of Financial Economics at the MIT Sloan School of Management.
He is notable for his work on capital structure and innovations in capital budgeting and valuation, and has had a "remarkable influence" on both the theory and practice of corporate finance. Myers, in fact, coined the term "real option". He is the co-author with Richard A. Brealey and Franklin Allen of Principles of Corporate Finance, a widely used and cited business school textbook, now in its 11th edition. He is also the author of dozens of research articles.

Real options valuation
Real options valuation, also often termed real options analysis, (ROV or ROA) applies option valuation techniques to capital budgeting decisions. A real option itself, is the right—but not the obligation—to undertake certain business initiatives, such as deferring, abandoning, expanding, staging, or contracting a capital investment project. For example, real options valuation could examine the opportunity to invest in the expansion of a firm's factory and the alternative option to sell the factory.
Real options are most valuable when uncertainty is high; management has significant flexibility to change the course of the project in a favorable direction and is willing to exercise the options.
Hotel Hadley
Hotel Hadley is a historic hotel building located at Siler City, Chatham County, North Carolina. It was built in 1907, and is two-story brick building with elaborate eclectic Victorian design elements.  It served as the city's most desirable hotel and as Hadley's residence into the 1940s.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is located in the Siler City Commercial Historic District.

Siler City Commercial Historic District
Siler City Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Siler City, Chatham County, North Carolina.  The district encompasses 45 contributing buildings in the central business district of Siler City. They are primarily one- and two-story brick buildings dated between 1897 and 1945. Located in the district is the separately listed Hotel Hadley.  Other notable buildings include the Farmers Alliance Store (1909), Edwards-Wren Building (1906), Chatham Bank (1913), Wren Building (1912), former Siler City Furniture Building (1928), Colonial Revival style United States Post Office (1940), Phillips Office Supplies Building, Thorpe and Associates Building, and Fred C. Justice Building.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
Hedda Hopper
Elda Furry (June 2, 1885 – February 1, 1966), known professionally as Hedda Hopper, was an American gossip columnist and actress. At the height of her influence in the 1940s, more than 35 million people read her columns. A strong supporter of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearings, Hopper named suspected Communists and was a major proponent of the Hollywood blacklist. Hopper continued to write her gossip column until her death in 1966. Her work appeared in many magazines and later on radio. She had an extended feud with Louella Parsons, an arch-rival and fellow gossip columnist.

DeWolf Hopper
William DeWolf Hopper (March 30, 1858 – September 23, 1935) was an American actor, singer, comedian, and theatrical producer. A star of vaudeville and musical theater, he became best known for performing the popular baseball poem "Casey at the Bat".
Carex jamesii
Carex jamesii, known as James's sedge or grass sedge, is a species of sedge native to North America from Minnesota east to New York and south to Oklahoma and South Carolina. It occurs in mesic hardwood forests and produces fruits from early May to mid July. It has two to four perigynia that are subtended by leaf-like pistillate scales. Its seeds are dispersed by ants.

Within the genus Carex, Carex jamesii is in the section Phyllostachyae (sometimes Phyllostachys) and is most closely related to C. juniperorum.

Detail of fruiting spike

Carex juniperorum
Carex juniperorum, the juniper sedge, is a perennial flowering plant native to North America, first described by botanist William J. Crins in 1993. C. juniperorum is in the Cyperaceae (sedge) family, and is closely related to C. jamesii and C. willdenowii. It is commonly called juniper sedge as it is often seen growing in areas with red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), though the presence of cedar is not necessarily a requirement for it to grow.
Ignacy Krasicki
Ignacy Błażej Franciszek Krasicki (3 February 1735 – 14 March 1801), from 1766 Prince-Bishop of Warmia and from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus, Primate of Poland), was Poland's leading Enlightenment poet ("the Prince of Poets"), a critic of the clergy, Poland's La Fontaine, author of the first Polish novel, playwright, journalist, encyclopedist, and translator from French and Greek.

His most notable literary works were his Fables and Parables (1779), Satires (1779), and poetic letters and religious lyrics, in which the artistry of his poetic language reached its summit.

Fable
Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphised, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson, which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying.

A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech or other powers of humankind. Conversely, an animal tale specifically includes talking animals as characters.

Usage has not always been so clearly distinguished. In the King James Version of the New Testament, "μῦθος" ("mythos") was rendered by the translators as "fable" in the First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Epistle to Titus and the First Epistle of Peter.
Graduate Texts in Mathematics
Graduate Texts in Mathematics (GTM) (ISSN 0072-5285) is a series of graduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag.  The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are yellow books of a standard size (with variable numbers of pages).  The GTM series is easily identified by a white band at the top of the book.

The books in this series tend to be written at a more advanced level than the similar Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics series, although there is a fair amount of overlap between the two series in terms of material covered and difficulty level.

Neal Koblitz
Neal I. Koblitz (born December 24, 1948) is a Professor of Mathematics at the University of Washington. He is also an adjunct professor with the Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research at the University of Waterloo.  He is the creator of hyperelliptic curve cryptography and the independent co-creator of elliptic curve cryptography.
The Forge Shopping Centre
The Forge Shopping Centre (or Parkhead Forge) is in the East End of Glasgow, in Parkhead. The shopping centre bore the name from the former William Beardmore and Company steel works site, which had closed in 1983.

William Beardmore and Company
William Beardmore and Company was a British engineering and shipbuilding conglomerate based in Glasgow and the surrounding Clydeside area. It was active from 1886 to the mid-1930s and at its peak employed about 40,000 people. It was founded and owned by William Beardmore, later Lord Invernairn, after whom the Beardmore Glacier was named.
Autopista AP-71
The Autopista AP-71 (also known as Autopista León - Astorga) is an autopista in the province of León, in the community of Castile and León, Spain. It is 37.5 km (23.3 miles) long and runs, parallel to the N-120 road, from the junction of the Autovía A-66/Autopista AP-66 and the Autovía LE-30 near the city of León to the Autovía A-6 at the town of Astorga. It opened in October 2002 as the A-12, being redesignated the AP-71 the following year.

Autovía A-66
The Autovía A-66 is a major highway in western Spain, part of the European route E803.  The road is an upgrade of the N-630 which was undertaken section by section.  The route roughly corresponds to the ancient Roman 'Silver Route' connecting the cities of Mérida and Astorga.
Memory improvement
Memory improvement is the act of enhancing one's memory. Factors motivating research on improving memory include conditions such as amnesia, age-related memory loss, people’s desire to enhance their memory, and the search to determine factors that impact memory and cognition. There are different techniques to improve memory, some of which include cognitive training, psychopharmacology, diet, stress management, and exercise. Each technique can improve memory in different ways.

Memory and aging
Age-related memory loss, sometimes described as "normal aging" (also spelled "ageing" in British English), is qualitatively different from memory loss associated with types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, and is believed to have a different brain mechanism.
Gavi, Piedmont
Gavi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Gavi borders the following municipalities: Arquata Scrivia, Bosio, Carrosio, Francavilla Bisio, Isola del Cantone, Novi Ligure, Parodi Ligure, San Cristoforo, Serravalle Scrivia, Tassarolo, and Voltaggio.

Bosio
Bosio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Bosio borders the following municipalities: Campo Ligure, Campomorone, Casaleggio Boiro, Ceranesi, Gavi, Genoa, Lerma, Masone, Mele, Mornese, Parodi Ligure, Rossiglione, Tagliolo Monferrato, and Voltaggio.
Tagiades calligana
Tagiades calligana is a species of spread-winged skipper butterflies in the genus Tagiades. It is found in the Indomalayan realm in Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias, Belitung, and Bangka.

Tagiades
Tagiades, commonly known as snow flats, is a genus of spread-winged skipper butterflies. It is the type genus of the tribe Tagiadini of the subfamily Pyrginae in the family Hesperiidae. It contains seventeen species; three are found in tropical Africa, while fourteen are found from India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, northeast Australia, to the Pacific Islands. They are primarily diurnal butterflies, and can usually be found in secondary forests at up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) above sea level. They can sometimes be encountered in partially cleared or cultivated areas. They are fast flyers, flying at an average height of 2 to 6 m (6.6 to 19.7 ft). They usually rest on the undersides of leaves. When disturbed they will fly away but will usually return to the preferred area, often to the same leaf.
Leonora Airport
Leonora Airport (IATA: LNO, ICAO: YLEO) is an airport in Leonora, Western Australia. The airport is located along the western side of the townsite, with the terminal 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from the central business area. A new passenger terminal was constructed in 1997.

The airport received $161,617 in funds for security upgrades in 2005. Its status was raised in 2009.

Leonora, Western Australia
Leonora is a town in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, located 833 kilometres (518 mi) northeast of the state capital, Perth, and 237 kilometres (147 mi) north of the city of Kalgoorlie.
Kubokawa, Kōchi
Kubokawa (窪川町, Kubokawa-chō) was a town located in Takaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 14,385 and a density of 51.73 persons per km2. The total area was 278.08 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Kubokawa, along with the towns of Taishō and Towa (both Hata District), was merged to create the town of Shimanto (in Takaoka District) and no longer exists as in independent municipality.

Shimanto, Kōchi (town)
Shimanto (四万十町, Shimanto-chō) is a town located in Takaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2022, the town had an estimated population of 15‚917 in 8196 households, and a population density of 25 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 642.30 square kilometres (247.99 sq mi).
El Tejon Unified School District
The El Tejon Unified School District serves kindergarten-through-12th-grade students in the Mountain Communities of the Tejon Pass, which include Frazier Park, Lebec, and Pine Mountain Club in the southern mountains of Kern County, California. Lockwood Valley is part of the district even though it is within Ventura County, and Gorman students (in Los Angeles County) are accepted into the high school by special permit.

Frazier Park, California
Frazier Park is a village and unincorporated community in Kern County, California. It is 5 miles (8 km) west of Lebec, at an elevation of 4,639 feet (1,414 m). It is one of the Mountain Communities of the Tejon Pass. The population was 2,592 in the 2020 census, down from 2,691 in 2010.
Migliarino
Migliarino is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Fiscaglia in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Ferrara.

Migliarino is unrelated to, but shares its toponym with, the Tuscan Parco naturale di Migliarino, San Rossore, Massaciuccoli.

Fiscaglia
Fiscaglia (Ferrarese: Fiscàja) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Ferrara. It was founded on 1 January 2014 from the former municipalities of Massa Fiscaglia, Migliarino and Migliaro.
Hutton Medal
The Hutton Medal is awarded annually by the Royal Society Te Apārangi to a researcher who, working within New Zealand, has significantly advanced understanding through work of outstanding scientific or technological merit.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
COSYSMO
The Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model (COSYSMO) was created by Ricardo Valerdi while at the University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering. It gives an estimate of the number of person-months it will take to staff systems engineering resources on hardware and software projects.  Initially developed in 2002, the model now contains a calibration data set of more than 50 projects provided by major aerospace and defense companies such as Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin, SAIC, General Dynamics, and BAE Systems.

Similar to its predecessor COCOMO, COSYSMO computes effort (and cost) as a function of system functional size and adjusts it based on a number of environmental factors related to systems engineering.

COSYSMO's central cost estimating relationship, or CER is of the form:

where "Size" is one of four size additive size drivers, and EM represents one of fourteen multiplicative effort multipliers.

COCOMO
The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is a parametric software cost estimation model developed by Barry W. Boehm. The model parameters are derived from fitting a regression formula using data from historical projects (63 projects for COCOMO 81 and 161 projects for COCOMO II).
Bente, Portugal
Bente is a former civil parish in the municipality of Vila Nova de Famalicão in the Minho region, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Carreira e Bente. Its surface area is 1.30 km² and its population, in 2001, was 959.

Carreira e Bente
Carreira e Bente is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Carreira and Bente. The population in 2011 was 2,576, in an area of 3.58 km2.
Viddalba
Viddalba (Gallurese: Vidda 'ecchja; Logudorese: Viddalba) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 190 kilometres (120 mi) north of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Sassari.

Viddalba borders the following municipalities: Aggius, Badesi, Bortigiadas, Santa Maria Coghinas, Trinità d'Agultu e Vignola, Valledoria.

Sights include several domus de janas and nuraghe, a Roman necropolis and remains of a bridge, and the medieval Romanesque church of San Giovanni Evangelista.

Bortigiadas
Bortigiadas (Gallurese: Bultigghjata, Sardinian: Bortigiadas) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Gallura North-East Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 190 kilometres (120 mi) north of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Olbia.

Bortigiadas borders the following municipalities: Aggius, Perfugas, Santa Maria Coghinas, Tempio Pausania, Viddalba.
Bajanzhargalanidae
Bajanzhargalanidae is an extinct family of winged polyneopteran insects, recorded from the Permian and Jurassic but not the Triassic. They are considered poorly known members of the "Grylloblattida", a poorly defined group of extinct insects thought to be related to modern ice crawlers (Grylloblattidae). There are at least four genera and about seven described species in Bajanzhargalanidae.

Notoptera
Notoptera, also known as Xenonomia, is a clade of insects belonging to Polyneoptera. It contains two living groups, Mantophasmatidae (gladiators) native to southern Africa, and Grylloblattidae (ice crawlers) native to cold montane environments in the Northern Hemisphere. Both groups are wingless.