hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chondrule
A chondrule (from Ancient Greek χόνδρος chondros, grain) is a round grain found in a chondrite. Chondrules form as molten or partially molten droplets in space before being accreted to their parent asteroids. Because chondrites represent one of the oldest solid materials within the Solar System and are believed to be the building blocks of the planetary system, it follows that an understanding of the formation of chondrules is important to understand the initial development of the planetary system.

Carbonaceous chondrite
Carbonaceous chondrites or C chondrites are a class of chondritic meteorites comprising at least 8 known groups and many ungrouped meteorites. They include some of the most primitive known meteorites. The C chondrites represent only a small proportion (4.6%) of meteorite falls.

Some famous carbonaceous chondrites are: Allende, Murchison, Orgueil, Ivuna, Murray, Tagish Lake, Sutter's Mill, and Winchcombe.
Hartfield railway station
Hartfield was a railway station serving Hartfield, England, on the Three Bridges to Tunbridge Wells Central Line which closed in 1967, a casualty of the Beeching Axe.

The station opened on 1 October 1866 and the buildings were designed by Charles Henry Driver.

The station building is now divided between a day nursery and a private house. The route of the railway line is now a cycle path (the Forest Way). A.A. Milne, the creator of Winnie-the-Pooh, lived in Hartfield.

The station appears in a British Transport Film entitled Farmer Moving South, which recounted the moving of the entire farm stock of Robert Ropner, by special train from Skutterskelfe Hall in Yorkshire to Perryhill Farm, Hartfield in December 1950. The entire move took 30 hours and was nine hours late in arriving at East Grinstead on 15 December. The film is available on a BFI DVD.

Hartfield
Hartfield is a village and civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England. The parish also includes the settlements of  Colemans Hatch, Hammerwood and Holtye, all lying on the northern edge of Ashdown Forest.
Enfield High School
Enfield High School is a secondary school established in 1893 in Enfield, Connecticut. The Enfield High School campus is located in the Connecticut River Valley, on Enfield Street (U.S. Route 5) in Enfield's Historical District. The school has an enrollment of approximately 1400 students. The present facility was erected in 1964 on Enfield Street. The facility underwent a $6.2 million renovation and library addition completed in 2005, and a $103 million "as-new" renovation and significant expansion completed in 2017. In May 2010, Enfield High School and Enrico Fermi High School underwent a consolidation process as part of the restructuring and improvement plan of Enfield Public Schools. Enfield High School operates as the town's sole high school, which houses both students from Enfield High School and the previous Enrico Fermi High School, which closed its doors in 2016.

Enfield, Connecticut
Enfield is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States, first settled by John and Robert Pease of Salem, Massachusetts Bay Colony. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 42,141 at the 2020 census. It is bordered by Longmeadow, Massachusetts, and East Longmeadow, Massachusetts, to the north, Somers to the east, East Windsor and Ellington to the south, and the Connecticut River (towns of Suffield and Windsor Locks) to the west.
Hanamigawa-ku
Hanamigawa Ward (花見川区, Hanamigawa-ku) is one of the six wards of the city of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of April 2012, the ward has an estimated population of 179,770 and a population density of 5,250 persons per km2. The total area is 34.24 km2.

Makuharihongō Station
Makuharihongō Station (幕張本郷駅, Makuharihongō-eki) is a railway station in Makuharihongo, Hanamigawa Ward, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway. The Keisei section of the station is officially named Keisei Makuharihongō Station (京成幕張本郷駅, Keisei Makuharihongō-eki).
Crowley's Ridge
Crowley's Ridge (also Crowleys Ridge) is a geological formation that rises 250 to 550 feet (170 m) above the alluvial plain of the Mississippi embayment in a 150-mile (240 km) line from southeastern Missouri to the Mississippi River near Helena, Arkansas. Named for settler Benjamin Crowley, it is the most prominent feature in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain between Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and the Gulf of Mexico.

The narrow rolling hill region rising above the flat plain is the sixth, and smallest, natural division of the state of Arkansas. The southern part is protected within Ozark–St. Francis National Forest.

Most of the major cities of the Arkansas Delta region lie along Crowley's Ridge. It was named after Benjamin Crowley, known as the first American settler to reach the area, sometime around 1820. The Civil War Battle of Chalk Bluff was fought on Crowley's Ridge on May 1–2, 1863.

Loess
Loess (US: /ˈlɛs, ˈlʌs, ˈloʊ.əs/, UK: /ˈloʊ.əs, ˈlɜːs/; from German: Löss [lœs]) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. Ten percent of Earth's land area is covered by loesses or similar deposits.

Loess is a periglacial or aeolian (windborne) sediment, defined as an accumulation of 20% or less of clay with a balance of roughly equal parts sand and silt (with a typical grain size from 20 to 50 micrometers), often loosely cemented by calcium carbonate. Usually, they are homogeneous and highly porous and have vertical capillaries that permit the sediment to fracture and form vertical bluffs.
Bensenville, Illinois
Bensenville is a village located near O'Hare International Airport in DuPage County, Illinois, with a portion of the town in Cook County. As of the 2020 census, the village population was 18,813.

First known as Tioga, it was formally established as Bensenville in 1873 along the Milwaukee Road (now Canadian Pacific) right-of-way.  The community is named after Bensen, Germany, a village in the municipality of Sudwalde.  A post office was established in 1873, but because there was an existing "Benson", the suffix "ville" was added.

The Edge Ice Arena is located in Bensenville, former home of the Chicago Steel junior ice hockey team and practices for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

The Churchville School in Bensenville is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Edge Ice Arena
The Edge Ice Arena (includes The Edge on John Street, The Water's Edge Aquatic Center, and The Edge II Ice Arena) is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose arena located in Bensenville, Illinois. It had been used as the official training facility and practice arena for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League before the team built Fifth Third Arena on Chicago’s West Side. The arena also had been used by Chicago Steel (USHL) from 2000 to 2015. The ice arena is also the home to the Roosevelt Lakers men's and women's college ice hockey teams competing at the ACHA Division I level. Until Roosevelt's merger with Robert Morris University Illinois in 2020, it was the home of Robert Morris Eagles ice hockey. The Edge is also home to several local high school ice hockey teams, and is used by local figure skating clubs, youth, and adult rec. ice hockey leagues (the Chicago Blues), as well as public skating.
Salen, Ardnamurchan
Salen (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Sàilein) is a coastal village on the Ardnamurchan peninsula, overlooking Salen Bay which is an inlet of the sea loch, Loch Sunart.  Located in the Scottish council area of Highland, it is on the road to Ardnamurchan Point, the most westerly point of mainland Britain.

Ardnamurchan
Ardnamurchan (/ˌɑːrdnəˈmɜːrxən/, Scottish Gaelic: Àird nam Murchan [aːrˠʃtʲ nə ˈmuɾuxan]) is a 50-square-mile (130-square-kilometre) peninsula in the ward management area of Lochaber, Highland, Scotland, noted for its remoteness and rural nature. Its remoteness is accentuated by the main access route being a single track road for much of its length. The most westerly point of mainland Great Britain, Corrachadh Mòr, is in Ardnamurchan.

The area was historically ruled by the Clan MacDonald of Ardnamurchan from the 1300s until 1618.

From 1930 to 1975 Ardnamurchan also gave its name to a landward district of Argyll, which covered a much wider area, including the districts of Morvern, Sunart and Ardgour.
Stefan Starzyński Monument (Downtown, Warsaw)
The Stefan Starzyński monument (Pomnik Stefana Starzyńskiego) in Bank Square in Warsaw is one of two Warsaw monuments dedicated to the memory of the former President of Warsaw, Stefan Starzyński. It is the work of sculptor Andrzej Renes.

It is on the eastern side of the square, on the sidewalk in front of the Błękitny Wieżowiec (Blue Skyscraper). The unveiling of the monument took place on 10 November 1993, to celebrate the hundredth year of the birth of President.

The statue is cast in bronze and set on a granite pedestal. The intention of the author was to present the form of Starzyński leaning over a map of the city of Warsaw.

Bank Square, Warsaw
Bank Square (Polish: Plac Bankowy, formerly Plac Dzierżyńskiego) is one of Warsaw's principal squares. Located in the downtown district, adjacent to the Saxon Garden and Warsaw Arsenal, it is also a principal public-transport hub, with  bus and tram stops and a Warsaw Metro station.
Mary Josephine Bedford
Mary Josephine Bedford (1861 – 22 December 1955) was a philanthropist in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, who was involved in family welfare and children's development through her involvement with the Playground Association and the Crèche and Kindergarten Association. She was awarded the Order of St Sava for her services as an ambulance driver in World War I.

Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service
The Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Services (SWH) was founded in 1914. It was led by Dr Elsie Inglis and provided nurses, doctors, ambulance drivers, cooks and orderlies. By the end of World War I, 14 medical units had been outfitted and sent to serve in Corsica, France, Malta, Romania, Russia, Salonika and Serbia.
Hal Rogers Parkway
The Hal Rogers Parkway, formerly named the Daniel Boone Parkway, is a freeway connecting Somerset and Hazard in southeastern Kentucky. A former toll road, it opened in November 1971, and the tolls were removed June 1, 2003. The original extent of the highway was to be 65.70 miles (105.73 km) with that mileage to have been included with an unconstructed limited-access London bypass and what is east of this area. The original portion of the road is designated unsigned Kentucky Route 9006 (HR 9006). An extension of the Hal Rogers Parkway name west along Kentucky Route 80 (KY 80) to U.S. Route 27 (US 27) in Somerset was made in 2015 bringing the total mileage to 91.135 miles (146.668 km).

Kentucky Route 80
Kentucky Route 80 (KY 80) is a 483.55-mile-long (778.20 km) state highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. The route originates on the state's western border at Columbus in Hickman County and stretches across the southern portion of the state, terminating southeast of Elkhorn City on the Virginia state line. It is the longest Kentucky State Highway, though the official distance as listed in route logs is much less due to multiple concurrencies with U.S. Route 68 (US 68) and US 23.

The route was split into two segments from 2003 to November 2009. Construction and relocation of KY 80 in Graves, Calloway, and Marshall counties during this time caused the route to be split. A new, four-laned 8.5-mile (13.7 km) section of KY 80 opened in Calloway County on November 25, 2009. The route is now a four-lane divided highway from Mayfield to Bowling Green after the widening to four lanes from Canton to Cadiz was completed in 2020.
Siege of Cyzicus
The siege of Cyzicus  took place in 73 BC between the armies of Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman-allied citizens of Cyzicus in Mysia and Roman Republican forces under Lucius Licinius Lucullus. It was in fact a siege and a counter-siege. It ended in a decisive Roman victory.

Cyzicus
Cyzicus (/ˈsɪzɪkəs/ SIZ-ik-əs; Ancient Greek: Κύζικος, romanized: Kúzikos; was an ancient Greek town in Mysia in Anatolia in the current Balıkesir Province of Turkey. It was located on the shoreward side of the present Kapıdağ Peninsula (the classical Arctonnesus), a tombolo which is said to have originally been an island in the Sea of Marmara only to be connected to the mainland in historic times either by artificial means or an earthquake.

The site of Cyzicus, located on the Erdek and Bandırma roads, is protected by Turkey's Ministry of Culture.
Maidstone, Vermont
Maidstone is a town in Essex County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 211.  It is part of the Berlin, NH –VT Micropolitan Statistical Area. There is no town center or gas station, but there is a town office building in the southern part of the town.

Essex County, Vermont
Essex County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,920, making it the least-populous county in both Vermont and New England. Its shire town (county seat) is the municipality of Guildhall. The county was created in 1792 and organized in 1800. Bordered by the Connecticut River next to New Hampshire, Essex County is south of the Canadian province of Quebec. It is the county with the lowest household-income in Vermont.
Live rock
Live rock is rock from the ocean that has been introduced into a saltwater aquarium. Along with live sand, it confers to the closed marine system multiple benefits desired by the saltwater aquarium hobbyist. The name sometimes leads to misunderstandings, as the "live rock" itself is not actually alive, but rather is simply made from the aragonite skeletons of long dead corals, or other calcareous organisms, which in the ocean form the majority of coral reefs. When taken from the ocean it is usually encrusted with coralline algae and inhabited by a multitude of marine organisms. The many forms of micro and macroscopic marine life that live on and inside of the rock, which acts as an ideal habitat, give it the name "live rock".

Live sand
Live sand, a term used in aquarism, is natural reef coral sand populated with large quantities of beneficial bacteria and organisms which aid in the dissolving of organic wastes like ammonia, nitrites and nitrates produced by larger organisms in saltwater aquariums. Live sand can be purchased from aquarium stores, but many hobbyists make their own by seeding dead sand with live sand from other aquarium systems.
2015–16 Basketligan season
The 2015–16 Basketligan season was the 23rd season of the Basketligan, the top tier basketball league on Sweden. The season started on 15 October 2015 and ended on 28 April 2016. Södertälje Kings was the defending champion, and successfully reclaimed its title. In the Finals, Södertalje had a clean sweep over Norrköping 4–0 to capture its 11th title.

Södertälje BBK
Södertälje Basketbollklubb, often abbreviated to SBBK, is a Swedish professional basketball club based in Södertälje. The city is located in Eastern Södermanland, 34 km south of Stockholm. Its men's team plays in the Swedish Basketball League (SBL) and has won the national championship 12 times, which makes it the most successful team in Swedish basketball. The team's home arena is the Täljehallen, which has a capacity of 2,000 people. From 1995 until 2020, the men's team was named Södertälje Kings.
MF Grimm
Percy Carey (born June 11, 1970), also known by the stage names MF Grimm, Grimm Reaper, GM Grimm and originally Build and Destroy, is an American underground rapper, music producer, CEO, and Eisner Award-nominated comic book writer from New York City. Grimm has released five solo albums, five collaborative albums and two compilation albums.

Good Morning Vietnam (EP)
The Good Morning Vietnam EP is an eight-track, 2012 extended play by underground hip hop artists MF Grimm & Drasar Monumental released on prominent underground label Vendetta Vinyl. The album was preceded by the promotional mixtape Preemptive Strike earlier the same year. The EP follows the theme of the Vietnam war as a very loose thematic backdrop and is the first of three planned releases between the two artists on the Vendetta Vinyl label. The EP's CD and digital mp3 releases only contain one twenty-minute track to give the feel of a vinyl release. While both the CD and 12" Vinyl releases advertise that the album contains the instrumentals, only the vinyl release actually does, on the B side. The full-length sequel, Good Morning Vietnam 2: The Golden Triangle was released in 2013.
Casaloldo
Casaloldo (Upper Mantovano: Casalolt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) east of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Mantua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,436 and an area of 16.8 square kilometres (6.5 sq mi).

Casaloldo borders the following municipalities: Asola, Castel Goffredo, Ceresara, Piubega.

Piubega
Piubega (Upper Mantovano: Piübega) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) east of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Mantua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,722 and an area of 16.4 square kilometres (6.3 sq mi).

Piubega borders the following municipalities: Asola, Casaloldo, Ceresara, Gazoldo degli Ippoliti, Mariana Mantovana, Redondesco.
Tatra KT8D5
Tatra KT8D5 is a bidirectional light rail vehicle currently (December 2025, and not expected to retire soon, except in Brno) operating in Europe and Asia. In several variations, it was designed and manufactured by Czech engineering corporation ČKD Tatra from 1984 to 1999 and a total of 206 cars were sold. The vehicle has an angular design similar to Tatra T6A5, Tatra RT8D5M, and Tatra KT4 both outside and inside.  During its production period, several versions of KT8D5 were sold.

MRTC 3000 class
The MRTC 3000 class, also known as the  Tatra RT8D5M, is the class of first-generation high-floor uni-directional light rail vehicles in use on the Manila MRT Line 3 and built by Czech tram manufacturer ČKD Tatra. The LRVs are owned and operated by the Department of Transportation (DOTr).

Until 2025, the RT8D5M LRVs were owned by the Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC) pursuant to its build-lease-transfer contract with the DOTr. These were also the last vehicles made by ČKD Tatra before it was taken over by Siemens.
Ceratosolen
Ceratosolen is an Old World wasp genus in the family Agaonidae (fig wasps). They are pollinators of the monoecious fig subsections Sycomorus and Sycocarpus, and the section Neomorphe, all belonging to the subgenus Sycomorus. The genus is native to the Palearctic, Afrotropical, Indomalayan and Australasian realms.

Agaonidae
The family Agaonidae is a group of pollinating fig wasps. They spend their larval stage inside the fruits of figs. The pollinating wasps (Agaoninae, Kradibiinae, and Tetrapusiinae) are the mutualistic partners of the fig trees. Extinct forms from the Eocene and Miocene are nearly identical to modern forms, suggesting that the niche has been stable over geologic time.

Females emerge from ripe figs and fly to another fig tree with developing syconia (which contain the flowers). They enter the syconium via the ostiole, pollinate the flowers, and lay their eggs in some of the ovules. The ovules containing eggs develop into galls that support the growth of the wasp larvae. Prior to the final ripening of the fig, wingless males emerge from the galls they developed in. The males enter the galls of their winged sibling females, mate with them and die within the fruit. The newly hatched females then make their way out of the fruit continuing this cycle.
No. 91 Group RAF
No. 91 Group RAF is a former Royal Air Force group.

The group was formed on 11 May 1942, at Abingdon as No. 91 (Operational Training) Group RAF in RAF Bomber Command, it was previously No. 6 Group RAF. Within a matter of weeks it was called upon to provide over 200 aircraft and crews for Operation Millenium, the first 1,000 bomber raid, launched against Cologne on the night of 30/31 May 1942.

On 14 April 1947, the Group moved to Morton Hall, Swinderby and was amalgamated with and renamed No. 21 Group RAF on 1 May 1947.

No. 21 Group RAF
No. 21 Group RAF (21 Gp) is a former Royal Air Force group that existed from April–July 1918; 1926–1934, a redesignation of No. 1 Group RAF; after which it was merged into Inland Area; and from 1938 to 1955.
Leo Huberman
Leo Huberman (October 17, 1903 – November 9, 1968) was an American socialist economist. In 1949 he founded and co-edited Monthly Review with Paul Sweezy.  He was the chair of the Department of Social Science at New College, Columbia University; labor editor of the newspaper PM;  and the author of the popular history books Man’s Worldly Goods and We, the People: The Drama of America.

Paul Sweezy
Paul Marlor Sweezy (April 10, 1910 – February 27, 2004) was an American Marxist economist, political activist, publisher, and founding editor of the long-running magazine Monthly Review. He is best remembered for his contributions to economic theory as one of the leading Marxian economists of the second half of the 20th century.
Thunder
Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. Depending upon the distance from and nature of the lightning, it can range from a long, low rumble to a sudden, loud crack. The sudden increase in temperature and hence pressure caused by the lightning produces rapid expansion of the air in the path of a lightning bolt. In turn, this expansion of air creates a sonic shock wave, often referred to as a "thunderclap" or "peal of thunder". The scientific study of thunder is known as brontology and the irrational fear (phobia) of thunder is called brontophobia.

Lightning strike
A lightning strike or lightning bolt is a lightning event in which an electric discharge takes place between the atmosphere and the ground. Most originate in a cumulonimbus cloud and terminate on the ground, called cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning. A less common type of strike, ground-to-cloud (GC) lightning, is upward-propagating lightning initiated from a tall grounded object and reaching into the clouds. About 25% of all lightning events worldwide are strikes between the atmosphere and earth-bound objects. Most are intracloud (IC) lightning and cloud-to-cloud (CC), where discharges only occur high in the atmosphere. Lightning strikes the average commercial aircraft at least once a year, but modern engineering and design means this is rarely a problem. The movement of aircraft through clouds can even cause lightning strikes.
Donald, Victoria
Donald is a town in Victoria, Australia, located on the Richardson River, at the junction of Sunraysia Highway and Borung Highway, in the Shire of Buloke. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 1,472.

Richardson River (Victoria)
The Richardson River, an inland intermittent river of the Wimmera catchment, located in the Grampians and Wimmera regions of the Australian state of Victoria. Rising on the northern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, the Richardson River flows generally north and drains into Lake Buloke, one of a series of ephemeral lakes that, whilst they do not directly empty into a defined watercourse, form part of the Murray River catchment of the Murray-Darling basin.