hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moussa B. H. Youdim
Moussa B. H. Youdim (Hebrew: מוסא ב.ה. יודעים, Persian: موسى ب. ح. یودعیم; born, February 28, 1940) is an Israeli neuroscientist specializing in neurochemistry and neuropharmacology.   He is the discoverer of both monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitors l-deprenyl (Selegiline) and rasagiline (Azilect) used as anti-Parkinson drugs which possess neuroprotective activities. He is currently professor emeritus at Technion - Faculty of Medicine and President of Youdim Pharmaceuticals. He was awarded the EMET Prize for Brain Sciences in 2010 and the Israel Prize in Life Sciences in 2022.

Peter Riederer
Peter Franz Riederer (born 21 March 1942) is a German neuroscientist with several thousands of citations and around 950 scientific writings. He has published more than 620 scientific papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals that are indexed in Medline. He has been author and co-author of more than 20 books relevant to the fields of neuroscience, psychiatry and neurology.
Hotspot (geology)
In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Examples include the Hawaii, Iceland, and Yellowstone hotspots. A hotspot's position on the Earth's surface is independent of tectonic plate boundaries, and so hotspots may create a chain of volcanoes as the plates move above them.

There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain their origins. One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. The alternative plate theory is that the mantle source beneath a hotspot is not anomalously hot, rather the crust above is unusually weak or thin, so that lithospheric extension permits the passive rising of melt from shallow depths.

St. Helena hotspot
The St. Helena hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is responsible for the island of St. Helena and the St. Helena Seamount chain. It is one of the oldest known hotspots on Earth, which began to produce basaltic lava about 145 million years ago.
2022 Michigan House of Representatives election
An election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect all 110 members to Michigan's House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including governor, State Senate and U.S. House of Representatives. Democrats won a majority of 56 out of 110 seats, winning control of the chamber for the first time since 2008.

2022 Michigan elections
The 2022 Michigan elections were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2022, throughout Michigan. The Democratic Party made historic gains, taking full control of state government for the first time since 1983 and marking a point where Democrats held all four elected statewide offices, both U.S. Senate seats, and both chambers of the Michigan Legislature. Democrats won control of the Michigan House of Representatives for the first time since 2008, and the Michigan Senate for the first time since 1984. Additionally, incumbent Democratic governor Gretchen Whitmer won reelection by a comfortable margin, with Democrats sweeping every statewide office. Furthermore, the Democrats maintained control of seven seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, while the Republican Party took a net loss of one seat (as the state lost one congressional seat due to reapportionment after the 2020 census). The elections in Michigan were widely characterized as a "blue wave".
Koiak 11
Koiak 10 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 12

The eleventh day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 7, of the Julian calendar, and December 20 of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

Koiak 12
Koiak 11 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 13

The twelfth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 8, of the Julian calendar, and December 21 of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.
Spalding (company)
Spalding is an American sports equipment manufacturing company. It was founded by Albert Spalding in Chicago in 1876 as a baseball manufacturer, and is today headquartered in Bowling Green, Kentucky. It sells softballs through its subsidiary Dudley Sports. In the past, Spalding has manufactured balls for other sports, including American football, soccer, basketball, volleyball, tennis, and golf.  The company invented the first basketball in 1894.

For a brief period in the 1980s, Spalding was also a designer of aftermarket automotive wheels.

Al Reach
Alfred James Reach (May 25, 1840 – January 14, 1928) was an Anglo-American sportsman who was one of the early stars of baseball in the National Association. After his playing career, he went on to become an influential executive, publisher, sporting goods manufacturer, and spokesman for the sport. He was influential in the founding of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1875.
Cardinal Gibbons High School (North Carolina)
Cardinal Gibbons High School (CGHS) is a private coeducational college-preparatory Catholic high school in Raleigh, North Carolina. Cardinal Gibbons and St. Thomas More Academy are the only Catholic high schools in Raleigh, and two of three high schools in the Diocese of Raleigh.

Diocese of Raleigh
The Diocese of Raleigh (Latin: Dioecesis Raleighiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church that covers eastern North Carolina in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archbishop of Atlanta.

On July 5, 2017, Pope Francis named Luis Rafael Zarama to be the 6th Bishop of Raleigh; Zarama was installed on August 29, 2017, at the recently consecrated Holy Name of Jesus Cathedral in Raleigh.
Eastriggs
Eastriggs is a small village located in Dumfries and Galloway in the south of Scotland, the village is located around 2 mi (3.2 km) north of the mud and sandbanks of the channel of the River Eden, which extends west into the Solway Firth.

Travelling by road Eastriggs is 3 miles (5 kilometres) to the east of Annan, 19 miles (31 kilometres) to the east of Dumfries, 5 miles (8 kilometres) to the west of Gretna, 17.7 miles (28 kilometres) to the west of Carlisle and 83.1 miles (134 kilometres) to the south of Edinburgh.

The B721 road, runs through Eastriggs and other neighbouring towns and villages connecting to the nearby A75.

HM Factory, Gretna
H.M. Factory, Gretna was  Britain's largest cordite factory during the First World War. The government-owned facility was adjacent to the Solway Firth, near Gretna, Dumfries and Galloway. It was built by the Ministry of Munitions in response to the Shell Crisis of 1915. The capital cost was £9,184,000 (£785,700,000 in 2023) and it covered 9,000 acres (36 km2). The cost of working it from September 1916 to September 1918 was £12,769,000, during which time it produced cordite valued at £15,000,000, though it was claimed that without it the cordite would have had to be imported from the USA at a cost of £23,600,000.

The Devil's Porridge Museum, Eastriggs, Dumfriesshire, commemorates the efforts of these workers during and after the First World War.
Big-Bang Cannon
The Big-Bang Cannon, also known as the Calcium Cannon, is an American toy cannon first manufactured in the early 20th-century.  Numerous consumer fireworks injuries  convinced a physics professor at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania to patent a "Gas Gun" in 1907, and the manufacturing of Big-Bang Cannons started in 1912, from the Gas Cannon Company.

Bamboo cannon
A bamboo cannon (Malay: مريام بولوه, romanized: meriam buluh; Tagalog: lantakang kawayan; Waray: lantaka; Indonesian: meriam bambu; Sundanese: lodong; Betawi: bleguran; Javanese: mercon bumbung) is a type of home-made firecracker which is popular during the Eid season in Malaysia and Indonesia, as well as during New Year's Eve celebrations in the Philippines.
Finse Station
Finse Station (Norwegian: Finse stasjon) is located in the mountain village of Finse in Ulvik Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The station is served by up to seven daily (peak days only) express trains in each direction, normally three per day and one overnight trains, all operated by Vy Tog.  The Finse Tunnel begins just west of the village and the Rallarvegen goes through the village.

The station also features a navvy museum, dedicated to the builders of the railways in Norway. One of Norway's popular hiking trails also starts at the station and ends in the village of Aurlandsvangen after a four-day trek.
Finse station is the only access point to Hardangerjøkulen; the glacier is clearly visible from the station area and the village.

Hardangerjøkulen
Hardangerjøkulen (lit. 'Hardanger Glacier') is the sixth largest glacier in mainland Norway. It is located in Eidfjord Municipality and Ulvik Municipality in Vestland county. It is located about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) northeast of the village of Eidfjord, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Finse, and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the village of Haugastøl.

Hardangerjøkulen's highest point is 1,863 m (6,112 ft) above sea level, and is the highest point in Hordaland county. Its lowest point is 1,050 m (3,440 ft) above sea level. The largest measured ice thickness on Hardangerjøkulen was 380 metres (1,250 ft), but it has been getting thinner during the 20th century.
Avon (publisher)
Avon Publications is a publisher of romance fiction. At Avon's initial stages, it was an American paperback book and comic book publisher. The shift in content occurred in the early 1970s with multiple Avon romance titles reaching and maintaining spots in bestseller lists, demonstrating the market and potential profits in romance publication. As of 2010, Avon is an imprint of HarperCollins.

Kathleen E. Woodiwiss
Kathleen E. Woodiwiss (born Kathleen Erin Hogg, June 3, 1939 – July 6, 2007) was an American novelist. She pioneered the historical romance genre with the 1972 publication of her novel The Flame and the Flower.
Kynrem Falls
The Kynrem Falls is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Cherrapunji in East Khasi Hills district in the Indian state of Meghalaya. It is situated inside the Thangkharang Park. It is  the 7th  highest waterfalls in India. The Kynrem Falls is a three-tiered waterfall, with water falling from a height of 305 metres (1,001 ft). The fall spreads out in two different streams or rivulets with each of them gaining momentum by getting merged while flowing down the last leg of the third tier.

East Khasi Hills district
East Khasi Hills district is an administrative district in the state of Meghalaya in India. The district headquarters are located at Shillong. The district occupies an area of 2,748 km2 and has a population of 825,922 (as of 2011). As of 2011, it is the most populous of Meghalaya's 12 districts.
Cafeteria Catholicism
Cafeteria Catholic, also called  à la carte, is an informal term used to describe a follower of Catholicism who dissents from certain official doctrinal or moral teachings of the Catholic Church. Polling indicates that many Catholics dissent from the institutional hierarchy on at least one issue.

Several instances of this include Catholics who support abortion, masturbation, or find no moral objections to birth control.

Cafeteria Christians
Cafeteria Christianity is a derogatory term used by some Christians, and others, to accuse other Christian individuals or denominations of selecting which Christian doctrines they will follow, and which they will not, similar to how one picks and chooses what food to select in a cafeteria.
Season of the Harvest
The Season of the Harvest or Low Water was the third and final season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars. It fell after the Season of the Emergence (Prt) and before the spiritually dangerous intercalary month (Ḥryw Rnpt), after which the New Year's festivities began the Season of the Inundation (Ꜣḫt). In the Coptic and Egyptian calendars this season begins at the start of the month of Pashons (about 9 May), continues through the months of Paoni and Epip, before concluding at the end of Mesori (about 5 September).: 453

The festival known as Sham Ennessim, is often claimed to have originated from Shemu. Sham Ennessim is an official holiday in modern Egypt. Earlier Egyptian šm.w and its Coptic successor ϣⲱⲙ relate to the name of a season in Egyptian, not a specific festival.

Intercalary month (Egypt)
The intercalary month or epagomenal days of the ancient Egyptian, Coptic, and Ethiopian calendars are a period of five days in common years and six days in leap years in addition to those calendars' 12 standard months, sometimes reckoned as their thirteenth month. They originated as a periodic measure to ensure that the heliacal rising of Sirius would occur in the 12th month of the Egyptian lunar calendar but became a regular feature of the civil calendar and its descendants. Coptic and Ethiopian leap days occur in the year preceding Julian and Gregorian leap years.
Israeli Military Order
An Israeli Military Order is a general order issued by an Israeli military commander over territory under Israeli military occupation. It has the force of law. Enforcement of such orders is carried out by Israeli military police and military courts instead of civil courts.

Military Orders are still a basic instrument of Israeli rule of the Palestinian population in Area B and Area C of the West Bank. In contrast, Israeli civilians living in settlements in the area are usually subjected to civil courts.

Palestinians living in Area A of the West Bank, under full control of the Palestinian Authority, are now mostly subject to its laws and civil jurisdiction. Between the beginning of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank in 1967 and the establishment of the Palestinian Authority under the Oslo Accords in 1994, military orders were issued "in a constant stream," covering both criminal and civil matters as well as security and military matters.

Israeli law in the West Bank settlements
Israeli law is enforced in Israeli settlements and among Israeli civilians in Area C of the West Bank, a Palestinian territory under military occupation and therefore otherwise subject to military law. Some provisions are applied on a personal basis, such that it applies to Israeli residents rather than territory. Application of the laws has created "enclaves" of Israeli law in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, and the terms "enclave law" and "enclave-based justice" describe the resulting legal system.

In parallel, other portions of Israeli law, including Israeli criminal law, are applied to Israelis on a personal basis in the West Bank. Since January 2018, all laws proposed in the Knesset are actively considered vis à vis their application to the Israeli settlements in the West Bank.

The existence of a dual system of laws for Israelis and Palestinians in the West Bank has been used as evidence for the claim that Israel practices apartheid in the region.
Diego Cusi Huamán
Diego Cusi Huamán was a Peruvian muralist and painter, active in the first decades of the 17th century and of the Cusco School art movement. He is considered one of the pioneers of colonial mural painting in Peru. His name is also spelled as Diego Cusihuamán.

He was indigenous and born in Cusco. Between 1603 and 1607 he worked in the presbytery of the Iglesia Colonial de Chinchero (English: Chinchero Colonial Church) commissioned by its parish priest, Mr. Mejía. The decoration includes a Coronation of the Virgin and a set of grotesques in the frieze and triumphal arch, in which the signature "by the hand of Don Diego" appears, identified with Cusi Huasmán by Teresa Gisbert and José de Mesa due to the similarity of style with the other signed work, "The Baptism of Christ" from the Iglesia de Urcos in Cuzco, on which he worked somewhat later.

Cusco school
The Cusco school (escuela cuzqueña) or Cuzco school, was a Roman Catholic artistic tradition based in Cusco, Peru (the former capital of the Inca Empire) during the Colonial period, in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. It was not limited to Cusco only, but spread to other cities in the Andes, as well as to present day Ecuador and Bolivia.

Many colonial Cusco school paintings are preserved, most of them currently at Cusco, but also in other areas of Peru, the town of Calamarca (Bolivia) and in museums of Brazil, United States and England.
Yaky Yosha
Yaky Yosha (Hebrew: יקי יושע; born April 17, 1951) is a film director from Israel, known for realism. Yosha’s films have often stirred social controversy in his homeland and outside of it. About his work Yosha once said: "Art only as Aesthetics is meaningless. As an artist, I am trying to grasp the meaning of life. I ask questions related to myself and to the country in which I was born. I am trying to make movies and thus to find the answers. God knows if I’ll ever find them…" His films were shown at Cannes, IDFA, Locarno and other international film festivals.

Rocking Horse (film)
Rocking Horse (in Hebrew: סוסעץ, sus'etz) is director Yaky Yosha's second feature made in 1978. It was the first film to represent Israel in the Directors’ Fortnight of the Cannes Film Festival. It also participated at Locarno, San-Francisco, Chicago and many other international festivals. Rocking Horse received the special judges' award and the best actor award at the Oxford, England, film festival.
George Siemens
George Siemens is a Canadian expatriate professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Arlington and professor and director of the Centre for Change and Complexity in Learning at the University of South Australia. He is known for his theory of connectivism, which seeks to understand learning in the digital age. He played a role in the early development of massive online open courses (MOOCs).

Dragan Gasevic
Dragan Gašević is Professor of Learning Analytics at Monash University. He is a researcher in learning analytics and co-developed several software systems such as P3, rBPMN Editor, LOCO-Analyst, OnTask, OVAL, and ProSolo.
The Dare (musician)
Harrison Patrick Smith (born March 19, 1996), known professionally as the Dare and formerly as Turtlenecked, is an American singer and musician. He is best known for his single "Girls", released in August 2022, and for producing the song "Guess" by Charli XCX from the deluxe version of her 2024 album Brat.

After performing indie music as Turtlenecked in the Pacific Northwest, Smith moved to New York City and began writing songs as the Dare. Following the releases of the singles "Girls" and "Good Time", Smith signed with Republic Records and on May 19, 2023, released The Sex EP to mixed reviews. In 2024, he released What's Wrong with New York?, his debut studio album as the Dare, to largely positive reviews.

The Dare is associated with the indie sleaze revival and Dimes Square.

Dimes Square
Dimes Square is a microneighborhood of New York City and art scene located between the Chinatown and Lower East Side neighborhoods of Manhattan. The exact perimeter and nature of the neighborhood is debated, though survey data from The New York Times lists it as roughly the five blocks on either side of Canal Street between Allen Street and Essex Street.
Louis de Loczy
Louis de Loczy (June 5, 1891, in Budapest, Hungary – June 9, 1980, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was a Hungarian geologist. He was the son of Lajos Lóczy, probably the most famous Hungarian geologist. Lajos de Loczy was the first western geologist to describe the structure, geomorphology and stratigraphy of mountain chains bordering the Tibetan Plateau that links the Kunlun Mountains with the north-south-oriented belt of mountains and gorges in central China.

Lajos Lóczy
Lajos Lóczy Germanized as Ludwig von Lóczy (4 November 1849 – 13 May 1920) was a Hungarian geologist, paleontologist, and explorer. He was a professor of geology at the University of Budapest from 1886 and directed the Hungarian Geological Institute from 1908. His son Lajos Lóczy (1891-1980) also became a geologist.
Shiba Yoshimune
Shiba Yoshimune (斯波 義統, 1513 - August 10, 1554) was the final head of the Shiba clan and lived during the latter half of the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. Nominally, Yoshimune was the governor (shugo) of Owari province and resided at Kiyosu castle. Though he was governor of Owari, the head of the Iwakura Oda clan and the deputy governor (shugodai) of Yoshimune, Oda Nobutomo, used him as a puppet ruler. Following the death of Oda Nobuhide in the year 1551 and Oda Nobunaga's appointment to heir of his late father's position, Nobutomo, who was of the opposite family, planned to assassinate the heir. Yoshimune learned of the assassination plot and betrayed Nobutomo, reporting it to Nobunaga. However, Nobutomo discovered the betrayal of Yoshimune and had him killed. Regardless, Nobunaga was successful in evading assassination and would later assault Kiyosu castle, killing Nobutomo.

Oda Nobutomo
Oda Nobutomo (織田 信友; ? – 10 May 1555) was a Japanese warlord during the Sengoku period. He was head of the Kiyosu Oda faction of the Oda clan, and ruled the four southern districts of Owari Province as shugodai.
1990 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1990 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament was played March 8–11 at the University Activity Center in Tempe, Arizona, on the campus of Arizona State University. The final game featured UCLA and Arizona, the only two teams that had won previous Pac-10 tournaments.  The champion of the tournament for the third consecutive  year was Arizona, which received the Pac-10's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.  The Most Outstanding Player was Jud Buechler of Arizona.

This was the fourth edition of the tournament and all ten teams participated. The tournament was not held for the next eleven seasons, then returned in 2002.

2002 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2002 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament was played March 7–9 at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California.  The event was revived after eleven seasons without, and USC made its first appearance in the final. The champion of the tournament was Arizona, which received the Pac-10's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.  The Most Outstanding Player was Luke Walton of Arizona, and a capacity crowd of 18,997 attended the championship game on Saturday.
Rimella
Rimella (Walser German: Remmalju, Piedmontese: Rimela) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Vercelli.

Rimella borders the following municipalities: Bannio Anzino, Calasca-Castiglione, Cravagliana, Fobello, and Valstrona.

Bannio Anzino
Bannio Anzino (pop. 539) is a commune of the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Verbania.

The main population centres within the municipality are the frazioni Bannio (site of the town hall), Pontegrande and Anzino (formerly a commune in its own right); further localities include Case Fornari, Case Prucci, Case Rovazzi, Castelletto, Fontane, Gaggieto, Parcineto, Scalaccia, and Valpiana.

Bannio Anzino borders the following municipalities: Calasca-Castiglione, Carcoforo, Ceppo Morelli, Fobello, Rimella, Vanzone con San Carlo.