hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carleton—Charlotte
Carleton—Charlotte was a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1997.

The riding was created in the redistribution of electoral districts in 1966. It consisted of the counties of Carleton and Charlotte, as well as southern portions of York and Sunbury Counties. Charlotte County was formerly its own electoral district, while Carleton County was part of the Victoria—Carleton riding.

In the 1996 redistribution, Carleton—Charlotte was abolished. Most of Carleton County became part of the new Tobique—Mactaquac, while the rest became part of New Brunswick Southwest.

Victoria—Carleton
Victoria—Carleton was a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1914 from Carleton and Victoria ridings. It was first used in the Canadian federal election of 1917. It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Carleton—Charlotte and Madawaska—Victoria ridings.
Derwentiinae
Derwentiinae is a subfamily of rhytidosteid temnospondyls from the Permian and Triassic periods of Australia and India. It includes the genera Arcadia, Deltasaurus, Derwentia, Indobrachyops, and Rewana. Derwentiinae was named in a 2011 study that analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of rhytidosteids. It was a replacement name for the family Derwentiidae, which was named in 2000.

Indobrachyops
Indobrachyops is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Early Triassic of India. It is known from a nearly complete fossil skull that was first described by paleontologists Friedrich von Huene and M. R. Sahni in 1958 from the Panchet Formation in Raniganj Coalfield. Indobrachyops belongs to a group of mostly semi-aquatic temnospondyls called Stereospondyli, but its exact placement within the group has been uncertain since its first description.
Handshape
In sign languages, handshape, or dez, refers to the distinctive configurations that the hands take as they are used to form words. In Stokoe terminology it is known as the DEZ, an abbreviation of designator. Handshape is one of five components of a sign, along with location (TAB), orientation (ORI), movement (SIG), and nonmanual features. Different sign languages make use of different handshapes.

Location (sign language)
In sign languages, location, or tab, refers to specific places that the hands occupy as they are used to form signs. In Stokoe terminology it is known as the TAB, an abbreviation of tabula. Location is one of five components, or parameters, of a sign, along with handshape (DEZ), orientation (ORI), movement (SIG), and nonmanual features. A particular specification of a location, such as the chest or the temple of the head, can be considered a phoneme. Different sign languages can make use of different locations. In other words, different sign languages can have different inventories of location phonemes.
Spyridon Samaras
Spyridon-Filiskos Samaras (Greek: Σπυρίδων Σαμάρας; 29 November 1861 - 7 April 1917) was a Greek composer particularly admired for his operas. His compositions were praised worldwide during his lifetime and he is arguably the most important composer of the Ionian School. Among his best-known works are the operas Flora mirabilis (1886) and Mademoiselle de Belle-Isle (1905). He also composed the music for the Olympic Hymn.

Athens Conservatoire
The Athens Conservatoire (Greek: Ωδείον Αθηνών, romanized: Odeíon Athinón) is the oldest educational institution for the performing arts in modern Greece. It was founded in 1871 by the non-profit organization Music and Drama Association.
Isobutylgermane
Isobutylgermane (IBGe, Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2GeH3, is an organogermanium compound.  It is a colourless, volatile liquid that is used in MOVPE (Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy) as an alternative to germane. IBGe is used in the deposition of Ge films and Ge-containing thin semiconductor films such as SiGe in strained silicon application, and GeSbTe in NAND Flash applications.

Organogermanium chemistry
Organogermanium chemistry is the science of chemical species containing one or more C–Ge bonds. Germanium shares group 14 in the periodic table with carbon, silicon, tin and lead. Historically, organogermanes are considered as nucleophiles and the reactivity of them is between that of organosilicon and organotin compounds. Some organogermanes have enhanced reactivity compared with their organosilicon and organoboron analogues in some cross-coupling reactions.

In general, organogermanium chemistry is much less well-developed than the other group-14 congeners, mainly because germanium is expensive.
Sheffield Pike
Sheffield Pike (possibly meaning "the peak above the sheep fold") is a fell in the English Lake District, a prominent intermediate top on one of the eastern ridges of Stybarrow Dodd. It separates and stands high above the Glencoyne and Glenridding valleys, on the eastern side of the Helvellyn range in the Eastern Fells and it looks down onto Ullswater.

Helvellyn range
The Helvellyn range is the name given to a part of the Eastern Fells in the English Lake District, "fell" being the local word for "hill". The name comes from Helvellyn, the highest summit of the group.

The Helvellyn range forms a ridge extending for about 10 km, at no point dropping below 600 m. The ridge runs in a north–south direction, with Patterdale on the eastern side and the Thirlmere valley to the west. The village of Threlkeld lies directly to the north, below the northernmost point on the ridge, Clough Head.

Generally, the slopes above Thirlmere are steep and grassy, whilst the Patterdale side exhibits rockier features, due to cirque glaciation on the north east side of the ridge.
Oyoko (clan)
The Oyoko is one of the eight major Abusua; its characteristic is patience. It is a clan from Ghana and the origins of the clan can be traced back to at least c. 1570.
The Oyoko Clan is bigger than Bono. The Oyoko family traces its origins to the contemporary Akan Town of Techiman. The original Oyoko royal family of Techimanhene’s palace. The Asantehene and Techimanhene, in that case, are of the same clan.

Abusua
Abusua is the name in Akan culture for a group of people that share common maternal ancestry governed by seven major ancient abosom (deities). The Abusua line is considered to be passed through the mother's blood (mogya). There are several Abusua that transcend the different ethnic subgroups outside of the ancient seven. People of the same Abusua share a common ancestor somewhere within their bloodline, which may go back as far as thousands of years. It is a taboo to marry someone from the same Abusua. 
The different Abusua are the  Agona (parrot), the Aduana (dog), the Asenie (bat), Oyoko (falcon/hawk), the Asakyiri (vulture), the Asona (crow), the Bretuo (leopard), and the Ekuona (bull).
MV Uhuru
MV Uhuru is a Lake Victoria ferry in East Africa. She is a Kenya Railways Corporation train ferry that operated between Jinja, Mwanza, Musoma and Kisumu. Uhuru means "freedom" in Swahili.

Uhuru and her sister ship MV Umoja were built in 1965 by Yarrow Shipbuilders in Scotstoun, Glasgow, Scotland, and entered service in 1966. At over 300 ft (91 m), they were the longest vessels on any of the East African lakes.

The two vessels were owned and operated by the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation (EARH) until 1977, when EARH was divided between Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Uhuru was transferred to the new Kenya Railways Corporation and Umoja was transferred to the new Tanzania Railways Corporation.

Uhuru was suspended from service in 2007 after grounding the previous year.

The ferry returned to service in 2019, after overhaul.

Lake Victoria ferries
Lake Victoria ferries are motor ships (earlier examples were steamboats) for ferry services carrying freight and/or vehicles and/or passengers between Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya on Lake Victoria.

Operating ferries on Lake Victoria are mostly Ro-Pax ferries for the simultaneous transport of passengers, vehicles and goods. Some other ferries are dedicated train ferries, Ro-Ro ferries and cargo ships, as well as catamarans for passenger transport.

For most of the 20th century, Lake Victoria ferries were international ferries operating clockwise or counterclockwise around Lake Victoria. In the 21st century, ferries are mostly operating domestically within the borders of Kenya, Uganda or Tanzania and between mainland ports and Lake Victoria islands.
Xlendi Tower
Xlendi Tower (Maltese: Torri tax-Xlendi) is a small watchtower near Xlendi Bay, within the limits of Munxar on the island of Gozo in Malta. The tower is one of the Lascaris towers and dates to 1650; it is currently undergoing restoration.

It is the oldest of the four surviving watchtowers on Gozo, the three  others being Dwejra Tower, Mġarr ix-Xini Tower and Isopu Tower. The earlier Garzes and Marsalforn towers were destroyed in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Xlendi
Xlendi is an urban village located in the southwest of the island of Gozo, Malta. It is bordered by the villages of Munxar, Fontana, and Kerċem. The village is administered by the Munxar Local Council, but it has its coat of arms and motto. Since March 2010, Xlendi has had a five-member "mini council" responsible for managing local activities and affairs.
Dornier Do 28
Dornier Do 28 is a type designation that comprises two different twin-engine STOL utility aircraft, manufactured by German company Dornier Flugzeugbau GmbH. Most of them served with the German Air Force and Marineflieger and other air forces around the world in the communications and utility role. The Do 28 series consists of the fundamentally different Do 28 A/B (1959) and Do 28 D Skyservant (1966).

Lycoming O-540
The Lycoming O-540 is a family of air-cooled six-cylinder, horizontally opposed fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter engines of 541.5 cubic inches (8.9 L) displacement, manufactured by Lycoming Engines. The engine is a six-cylinder version of the four-cylinder Lycoming O-360.
Makurumla
Makurumla (Kata ya Makurumla in Swahili) is an administrative ward in Ubungo District of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. The Kinondoni Municipal District's Ndugumbi ward borders the ward on the north. Mzimuni Ward to the east, Mburahati and Mabibo to the south were its neighbors. Lastly, via Manzese ward towards the west. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 79,331 people in the ward, from 63,352 in 2012.

Ndugumbi
Ndugumbi (Kata ya Ndugumbi in Swahili)  is an administrative ward and district capital of the Kinondoni District of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Tandale and Makumbusho ward border the ward to the north, Mzimuni to the east, Makurumla to the south and Manzese on the west. The last two being located in Ubungo District. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 46,134 people in the ward, from 36,841 in 2012.
Zarrineh Rud-e Jonubi Rural District
Zarrineh Rud-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان زرينه رود جنوبي) is in the Central District of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sarchenar. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sowgoli Tappeh.

Sarchenar, West Azerbaijan
Sarchenar (Persian: سرچنار) is a village in, and the capital of, Zarrineh Rud-e Jonubi Rural District in the Central District of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sowgoli Tappeh.
William Quantrill
William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 – June 6, 1865) was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Civil War.

Quantrill experienced a turbulent childhood, became a schoolteacher, and joined a group of bandits who roamed the Missouri and Kansas countryside to apprehend escaped slaves. The group became irregular pro-Confederate soldiers called Quantrill's Raiders, a  partisan ranger outfit best known for its often brutal guerrilla tactics in defense of the Confederacy, and including the young Jesse James and his older brother Frank James.

Quantrill was influential to many bandits, outlaws, and hired guns of the American frontier as it was being settled. On August 21, 1863, Quantrill's Raiders committed the Lawrence Massacre. In May 1865, Quantrill was mortally wounded in combat by U.S. troops in Central Kentucky in one of the last engagements of the American Civil War. He died of his wounds in June 1865.

Bushwhacker
Bushwhacking was a form of guerrilla warfare common during the American Revolutionary War, War of 1812, American Civil War and other conflicts in which there were large areas of contested land and few governmental resources to control these tracts. This was particularly prevalent in rural areas during the Civil War where there were sharp divisions between those favoring the Union and Confederacy in the conflict. The perpetrators of the attacks were called bushwhackers. The term "bushwhacking" is still in use today to describe ambushes done with the aim of attrition.

Bushwhackers were generally part of the irregular military forces on both sides. While bushwhackers conducted well-organized raids against the military, the most dire of the attacks involved ambushes of individuals and house raids in rural areas. In the countryside, the actions were particularly inflammatory since they frequently amounted to fighting between neighbors, often to settle personal accounts.
God Help Me Pass
The God Help Me Pass, or Lekhalong-la-Molimo-Nthuse in seSotho, is a mountain pass at an elevation of 2,318 m (7,605 ft) in western Lesotho. It is the second mountain pass on the A3 road going into the central highlands. The road ascends steeply from the village of Setibing, and near the summit is the Basotho Pony Trekking Centre, which offers a variety of trekking expeditions. The Makhaleng River flows close by Setibing, and its valley forms the western approach to the pass. The higher Blue Mountain Pass, 2,641 m (8,665 ft), Lekhalong-la-Thaba-Putsoa, is a few kilometres further east, and the first mountain pass, Bushman's Pass, Lekhalong-la-Baroa, 2,266 m (7,434 ft) is about 10 kilometres (6 mi) to the west, rising from the town of Nazareth.

Makhaleng River
The Makhaleng River is a river of western Lesotho. It rises in the Maloti Mountains, flows generally in a southwesterly direction to join the Orange River at the border with Free State in South Africa.
Hardin County, Texas
Hardin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 56,231. The county seat is Kountze. The county is named for the family of William Hardin from Liberty County, Texas.

Hardin County is part of the Beaumont-Port Arthur metropolitan statistical area.

Jefferson County, Texas
Jefferson County is a county in the Coastal Plain or Gulf Prairie region of Southeast Texas. The Neches River forms its northeastern boundary. The county was named for U.S. president Thomas Jefferson. The county seat is Beaumont, which is also the largest city within the county.

The county was established in 1835 as a municipality of Mexico, which had gained independence from Spain. Because the area was lightly settled, the Mexican government allowed European Americans from the United States to settle here if they pledged loyalty to Mexico. This was organized as a county in 1837 after Texas achieved independence as a republic.  Texas later became part of the US.

Jefferson County is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area and has the highest population of the four-county MSA. As of the 2020 census, the population was 256,526.  Jefferson County has the highest percentage of African Americans in the state of Texas.
Anton Keller
Anton Keller (21 November 1934 – 15 April 2025) was a Swiss politician who served on the National Council (Switzerland) from 1979 to 1995 for the Christian Democratic People's Party representing the Aargau constituency. He previously served as a member of the cantonal constitutional council and as president of the CVP section. Due to the family activities in politics they were titled The CVP-Kennedys from Baden by local news outlets. His daughter is incumbent National Councillor Marianne Binder-Keller. Keller died on 15 April 2025, at the age of 90.

Marianne Binder-Keller
Marianne Binder-Keller (née Keller; born 15 June 1958) is a Swiss communications professional and politician who currently serves as member of the National Council for The Centre (formerly CVP) since 2019. Binder-Keller currently is a member-elect of the Council of States (Switzerland) after being elected during the second ballot in the 2023 Swiss federal election which was held on 19 November 2023. She defeated Benjamin Giezendanner by roughly 5,000 votes.
Judge Dee at Work
Judge Dee at Work is a collection of 8 gong'an detective short stories written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China (roughly speaking the Tang dynasty). It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee (Ti Jen-chieh or Di Renjie), a county magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.

The book features eight illustrations by the author.

The book also has a postscript where the author places all the novels and stories into a coherent timeline for his semi-fictional character.

Judge Dee
Judge Dee, or Judge Di, is a semi-fictional character based on the historical figure Di Renjie, county magistrate and statesman of the Tang court. The character appeared in the 18th-century Chinese detective and gong'an crime novel Di Gong An. After Robert van Gulik came across it in an antiquarian book store in Tokyo, he translated the novel into English and then used the style and characters to write his own original Judge Dee historical mystery stories.

The series is set in Tang dynasty China and deals with criminal cases solved by the upright and shrewd Judge Dee, who as county magistrate in the Chinese imperial legal system was both the investigating magistrate and judge.
Malwa Subah
The Malwa Subah (Persian: صوبه ملوا) was one of the original twelve Subahs (provinces) of the Mughal Empire, including Gondwana, from 1568–1743. Its seat was Ujjain in the Malwa region. It shared borders with the autonomous and tributary chiefdoms in the east, as well as Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, Gujarat, Ajmer, Agra, and Illahabad subahs.

Ajmer Subah
The Ajmer Subah (Persian: صوبه اجمیر) was one of the original 12 subahs (provinces) that comprised the Mughal Empire after the administrative reform  under the rule of Akbar. Its borders roughly corresponded to modern-day Rajasthan, and the capital was the city of Ajmer.
Giro (company)
Giro is an American manufacturer of snow and cycling helmets; snow and mountain-biking goggles; cycling and mountain bike apparel and shoes; and softgoods for cycling, skiing and snowboarding. The company was founded in 1985 by Jim Gentes and was headquartered in Scotts Valley, California.  It was acquired by Bell Sports in 1996.

Giro is now part of Revelyst and is based at Revelyst’s offices in Irvine, CA. Giro and Bell Sports were previously owned by Vista Outdoor and had been purchased along with other brands for $400 million in 2016. In 2023, Vista Outdoor announced that the facility in Scotts Valley, California that serves as the base for Giro would be closed. Numerous relevant employees were laid off. That action had part of a move by Vista Outdoor to integrate Giro into Fox Racing.

Bell Sports
Bell Sports is an American bicycle, motorcycle and racing helmet manufacturer. The company is a subsidiary of Revelyst having been previously owned by Vista Outdoor and BRG Sports, which owned Riddell football helmets. BRG Sports had sold some of its brands (including Bell, Giro, C-Preme, and Blackburn) to Vista in 2016.
Saurashtra kingdom
Saurashtra kingdom was one of the kingdom among the many kingdoms ruled by Yadava kings in the central and western India. Other kingdoms in this group include Chedi kingdom, Dasarna kingdom, Surasena kingdom or Vraja kingdom, Karusha kingdom, Kunti kingdom, Avanti kingdom, Malava kingdom, Gurjara kingdom, Anarta kingdom,  Dwaraka kingdom, Heheya kingdom and Vidarbha kingdom.

It is roughly the southern Gujarat including the peninsular region. The name Surat, a modern city of Gujarat, is derived from the name Saurashtra.

The peninsular region forming the southern Gujarat is still known as Saurashtra.

Avanti kingdom (Mahabharata)
The historical Avanti kingdom of ancient India is described in the Mahabharata epic.
Avanti was divided into north and south by river Vetravati. Initially, Mahissati  (Sanskrit Mahishamati)  was the capital of  southern Avanti, and Ujjaini (Sanskrit Ujjayini) was of northern Avanti,  but at the  times of Mahavira and  Buddha,  Ujjaini was the capital of  integrated Avanti.  The country of Avanti roughly corresponded to modern Malwa, Nimar and adjoining parts of the Madhya Pradesh.

Both Mahishmati and Ujjaini stood on the southern high road called  Dakshinapatha extending from Rajagriha to Pratishthana (modern Paithan).  Avanti was an important center of Buddhism and some of the leading theras and theris were born and resided there.  King Nandivardhana of Avanti was defeated by king Shishunaga of Magadha. Avanti later became part of Magadhan empire.
2016 AFC Cup
The 2016 AFC Cup was the 13th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya from Iraq defeated India's Bengaluru in the final to win their first AFC Cup title, becoming the first Iraqi team to win the competition. Johor Darul Ta'zim, the defending champions, were eliminated in the semi-finals by Bengaluru.

2016 AFC Cup final
The 2016 AFC Cup final was the final match of the 2016 AFC Cup, the 13th edition of the AFC Cup, a football competition organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for clubs from 'developing countries' in Asia according to the Vision Asia plan.

The final was contested as a single match between Iraqi team Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and Indian team Bengaluru. The match was hosted by Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya at the Suheim Bin Hamad Stadium in Doha on 5 November 2016.

Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya defeated Bengaluru 1–0 to become the first Iraqi team to win the AFC Cup title.
Lamb & Flag, Oxford
The Lamb & Flag is a pub on St Giles', Oxford, England. It is owned by St John's College, and lies just north of the main entrance to the college. Lamb & Flag Passage runs through the south side of the building, connecting St Giles' with Museum Road, where there is an entrance to Keble College to the rear of the pub.

The name of the pub comes from the symbol of Christ as the victorious Lamb of God (Agnus Dei) of the Book of Revelation, carrying a banner with a cross, and often gashed in the side. This is also a symbol of St John the Baptist, and so is emblematic of ownership by the College of St John the Baptist.

St John's College, Oxford
St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979. Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary.

St John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with assets worth over £790 million as of 2022, largely due to nineteenth-century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord.

The college occupies a site on St Giles' and in 2024 had a student body of 419 undergraduates and 244 postgraduates. There are over 100 academic staff, and a like number of other staff. In 2018 St John's topped the Norrington Table, the annual ranking of Oxford colleges' final results, and in 2021, St John's ranked second with a score of 79.8.