hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Albano Laziale
Albano Laziale (Italian: [alˈbaːno latˈtsjaːle]), sometimes known simply as Albano (Romanesco: Arbano; Latin: Albanum), is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, on the Alban Hills, in the Italian region of Lazio. Rome is 25 kilometres (16 mi) distant. It is bounded by other communes of Castel Gandolfo, Rocca di Papa, Ariccia and Ardea.

Partially included in the Roman Castles Regional Park, Albano is one of its most important municipalities, and a busy commercial centre. It has been also a suburbicarian bishopric since the 5th century, a historic principality of the Savelli family, and from 1699 to 1798 the inalienable possession of the Holy See.

Legio II Parthica
Legio II Parthica ("Parthian-conquering Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 197 by the emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193–211), for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. The legion was still active in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion's symbol was a centaur.
Document imaging
Document imaging is an information technology category for systems capable of replicating documents commonly used in business. Document imaging systems can take many forms including microfilm, on demand printers, facsimile machines, copiers, multifunction printers, document scanners, computer output microfilm (COM) and archive writers. Document Imaging means the conversion of paper files (of any size or description) or microfilm / fiche to digital images.

Document management system
A document management system (DMS) is usually a computerized system used to store, share, track and manage files or documents. Some systems include history tracking where a log of the various versions created and modified by different users is recorded. The term has some overlap with the concepts of content management systems. It is often viewed as a component of enterprise content management (ECM) systems and related to digital asset management, document imaging, workflow systems and records management systems.
Audubon Center at Bent of the River
Audubon Center at Bent of the River is a 700-acre preserve in Southbury, Connecticut. It is located off South Britain Road and is open year-round from sunrise to sunset.

The Center's mission is to conserve land and promote biodiversity. Its website states, "When Mrs. Althea Clark bequeathed Bent of the River farm to National Audubon Society, she left explicit instructions about its use for education and the maintenance of the land — such as preserving it for native flora and fauna, and having no trail blazes or interpretive signs. She wanted the Bent to be kept in a state of "mild wildness."

The property features about 15 miles of trails through fields, forests, shrub, and grasslands along the Pomperaug River, and is considered to be an excellent site for bird watching. The property includes a brick house named the Clark House and a mid-19th-century barn used for nature education programs and events.

Southbury, Connecticut
Southbury is a town in western New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. It is north of Oxford and Newtown, and east of Brookfield. Its population was 19,879 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Naugatuck Valley Planning Region.

Southbury comprises sprawling rural country areas, suburban neighborhoods, and historic districts. It is a short distance from major business and commercial centers. It is 67 miles (107 km) north of New York City, and 34 miles (54 km) west of Hartford.

Southbury is the only community in the country with the name "Southbury", which is why the town seal reads Unica Unaque, meaning "The One and Only."
Offences against military law in the United Kingdom
The main offences against military law in the United Kingdom are set out in the Armed Forces Act 2006.

The offences fall into two main categories, discipline offences and criminal conduct offences. A second distinction is between those offences that can be dealt with by a commanding officer in a summary hearing, and those that can only be heard by the Court Martial.

Civilian subject to service discipline
A civilian subject to service discipline is someone who, whilst not a member of the German or British Armed Forces, is nevertheless subject to some aspects of British or German military law and the military justice system.
Jēkabpils Municipality
Jēkabpils Municipality (Latvian: Jēkabpils novads) is a municipality in Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Ābeļi Parish, Dignāja Parish, Dunava Parish, Kalna Parish, Leimaņi Parish, Rubene Parish and Zasa Parish. During the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the previous Jēkabpils Municipality was merged with Aknīste Municipality, Krustpils Municipality, Sala Municipality and Viesīte Municipality. The new municipality now fully corresponds with the area of the pre-2009 Jēkabpils district.

The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Jēkabpils. From 2009 to 2021, the city was also a separate first-level municipality (republican city) at the same time.

In 2020, the population of the municipality was 4,156. In 2024, the total population was 39,276. It borders Lithuania.

Krustpils Municipality
Krustpils Municipality (Latvian: Krustpils novads) is a former municipality in Latgale, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Atašiene parish, Krustpils parish, Kūkas parish, Mežāre parish, Varieši parish and Vīpe parish. The administrative centre was located in Jēkabpils city, which was not included in the territory of the municipality.

Parts of Teiči Nature Reserve were located in Krustpils Municipality.

On 1 July 2021, Krustpils Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Jēkabpils Municipality.
Hüffelsheim
Hüffelsheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Rüdesheim, whose seat is in the municipality of Rüdesheim an der Nahe.

Norheim
Norheim (in the local speech Norem) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Rüdesheim, whose seat is in the like-named town. Norheim is a state-recognized tourism community (Fremdenverkehrsort). and a winegrowing village.
Divino afflante Spiritu
Divino afflante Spiritu (English: "[By] the divine inspiration of the Spirit" ) is a papal encyclical letter issued by Pope Pius XII on 30 September 1943 calling for new translations of the Bible into vernacular languages, using the original languages as a source instead of the Latin Vulgate.

Catholic biblical scholar Raymond E. Brown, SS, described Divino afflante Spiritu as a "Magna Carta for biblical progress".

Raymond E. Brown
Raymond Edward Brown PSS (May 22, 1928  – August 8, 1998) was an American Sulpician priest and prominent biblical scholar. He was a specialist on the hypothetical Johannine community, which he speculated contributed to the authorship of the Gospel of John, and he also wrote studies on the birth and death of Jesus.

Brown was professor emeritus at Union Theological Seminary (UTS) in New York City, where he taught for 29 years. He was the first Catholic professor to gain tenure there, where he earned a reputation as a superior lecturer.
Blandford United F.C.
Blandford United Football Club is a football club based in Blandford Forum, Dorset, England. The club was a founding member of the Dorset Combination in 1957. The club is affiliated to the Dorset County Football Association and is a FA chartered Standard club. They are currently members of the Dorset Premier League. They play their games at Blandford Recreation Ground.

Blandford Forum
Blandford Forum (/ˈblænfərd/ BLAN-fərd) is a market town in Dorset, England, on the River Stour, 13 miles (21 km) north-west of Poole. It had a population of 10,355 at the 2021 census.

The town is notable for its Georgian architecture, the result of rebuilding after a major fire in 1731; it was assisted by an Act of Parliament and a donation by George II, to designs by local architects John and William Bastard.

The town's economy is based on a mix of the service sector and light industry. Blandford Camp, a military base, is on the hills 2 miles (3 km) north-east of the town. It is the base of the Royal Corps of Signals, the communications wing of the British Army, and the site of the Royal Signals Museum.
Matthew H. Clark
Matthew Harvey Clark (July 15, 1937 – January 22, 2023) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Rochester in New York State from 1979 until 2012.

Clark's 33-year tenure as bishop was the second-longest in the Diocese of Rochester's history, after the 40-year tenure of Bernard McQuaid.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester
The Diocese of Rochester (Latin: Dioecesis Roffensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in the Upstate region of New York State in the United States. The metropolitan for the diocese is the archbishop of New York. The cathedral parish for the diocese is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Rochester. The diocese comprises approximately 350,000 Catholics, 22 diocesan elementary schools, and seven independent parochial high schools. The bishop-designate is John Bonnici.
Valledupar F.C.
Valledupar Fútbol Club was a professional Colombian football team based in Valledupar, that last played in the Categoría Primera B, the second tier of Colombian professional football. They played their home games at the Estadio Armando Maestre Pavajeau.

Estadio Armando Maestre Pavajeau
The Estadio Armando Maestre Pavajeau is a football stadium in Valledupar, Colombia. It has a capacity of 11,000 and is the home stadium of Alianza F.C. It also hosted Valledupar F.C. from 2004 to its folding in 2023.

The stadium was named after Armando Maestre Pavajeau, a former governor of Cesar Department, and was renovated between 2014 and 2016. Besides hosting matches of the domestic football leagues Categoría Primera A and Categoría Primera B, it has also hosted the 2015 South American U-15 Championship and the 2022 Bolivarian Games.
1970 Asian Games
The 6th Asian Games also known as Bangkok 1970, were held from 9 to 20 December 1970 in Bangkok, Thailand. Seoul, South Korea, had been selected to host the 6th Games but it declined due to both financial reasons and security threats from neighboring North Korea (the city eventually hosted in 1986). The previous host, Thailand, stepped in to save the Asiad. 2,400 athletes from 18 countries competed in this Asiad, where yachting made its debut.

1986 Asian Games
The 1986 Asian Games (1986년 아시아 경기대회/1986년 아시안 게임), officially known as the 10th Asian Games and the X Asiad (제10회 아시아 경기대회/제10회 아시안 게임) and commonly known as Seoul 1986 (서울 1986), were held from 20 September to 5 October 1986, in Seoul, South Korea. The venues and facilities of the 10th Asiad were the same venues and facilities that would be used in the 1988 Summer Olympics, as it was considered a test event.

Seoul had previously been scheduled to host the 1970 games, but it received security threats from neighbouring North Korea, forcing it to give up hosting the games to previous 1966 host Bangkok, Thailand.
Ngātapa
Ngātapa is a rural community in the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island.

In late 1868 and early 1869 between 86 and 128 followers of Te Kooti were executed on nearby Ngātapa hill after the siege of Ngatapa. The Waitangi Tribunal described the siege as "one of the worst abuses of law and human rights in New Zealand's colonial history". The 150th anniversary was commemorated in Ngatapa in January 2019.

Pātūtahi
Pātūtahi is a small settlement 15 kilometres from Gisborne, in the northeast of New Zealand's North Island. It is located in the valley of the Waipaoa River. From 1915 to 1931 Pātūtahi had a railway station on the Ngātapa Branch.

The name was officially modified to include macrons in 2021.
Krabi International Airport
Krabi International Airport (IATA: KBV, ICAO: VTSG) is an international airport in Nuea Khlong subdistrict, Nuea Khlong district, Krabi province in southern Thailand. It is about 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of downtown Krabi. The airport opened in 1999.: 18  In 2017, the airport handled over 4.3 million passengers. The terminal is designed for three million passengers, a number that has already been exceeded, and expansion will push its capacity to over 8 million.

Phang Nga airport
Phang Nga Airport (or the second Phuket airport) is a proposed international airport in Thailand, planned for construction in Khok Kloi subdistrict, Takua Thung district, Phang-nga province by the state-owned Airports of Thailand (AOT) company. The project was conceived to alleviate congestion at Phuket International Airport, and was first announced in 2018. It is scheduled to open in 2030.
Bendix Trophy
The Bendix Trophy is a U.S. aeronautical racing trophy.  The transcontinental, point-to-point race, sponsored by industrialist Vincent Bendix founder of Bendix Corporation, began in 1931 as part of the National Air Races. Initial prize money for the winners was $15,000. The last Bendix Trophy Race was flown in 1962.

The trophy was brought back in 1998 by AlliedSignal, the then-owner of the Bendix brand name (which later merged with Honeywell), to "recognize contributions to aerospace safety by individuals or institutions through innovation in advanced safety equipment and equipment utilization."

The current awards of the Honeywell Bendix Trophy for Aviation Safety includes a scale reproduction of the original Bendix Trophy design and a citation.

National Air Races
The National Air Races (also known as Pulitzer Trophy Races) are a series of pylon and cross-country races that have taken place in the United States since 1920. The science of aviation, and the speed and reliability of aircraft and engines grew rapidly during this period; the National Air Races were both a proving ground and showcase for this.
Devil's Dust
Devil's Dust is a two-part Australian television docu-drama mini-series on the ABC which first screened in 2012. Based on journalist Matt Peacock's 2009 book Killer Company, Devil's Dust was researched and developed by producer Stephen Corvini for over two years prior to the series' production. Through the factual case of Bernie Banton, it recounts the tragedy of many Australian workers and their families afflicted with asbestosis and mesothelioma in the twentieth-century asbestos mining and processing industries. Though the extreme health risks of exposure to asbestos dust had been documented for many years, manufacturer James Hardie persisted in large-scale use of the material, aided by inadequate regulation by state health agencies.

James Hardie Industries
James Hardie Industries plc is an American-Irish global building materials company and the largest global manufacturer of fibre cement products. Headquartered in Ireland, it is cross-listed on the Australian and New York Stock Exchanges. Its management team currently sits in Chicago, Illinois, United States. James Hardie was plagued by several asbestos-related scandals in the 20th century.
Yogyakarta Principles
The Yogyakarta Principles is a document about human rights in the areas of sexual orientation and gender identity that was published as the outcome of an international meeting of human rights groups in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in November 2006. The principles were supplemented and expanded in 2017 to include new grounds of gender expression and sex characteristics and a number of new principles. However, the Principles have never been accepted by the United Nations (UN) and the attempt to make gender identity and sexual orientation new categories of non-discrimination has been repeatedly rejected by the General Assembly, the UN Human Rights Council and other UN bodies.

The principles and the supplement contain a set of precepts intended to apply the standards of international human rights law to address the abuse of human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people.

Boris Dittrich
Boris Ottokar Dittrich (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈboːrɪz ˈditrix]; born 21 July 1955) is a Dutch politician, jurist, author and human rights activist who served as Leader of the Democrats 66 (D66) from 2003 to 2006. A former member of the House of Representatives (1994–2006), he has been a member of the Senate since 2019.

Dittrich's father came to the Netherlands as a political asylum seeker from Czechoslovakia in 1948; he became a professor in Eastern European history at Utrecht University. Boris Dittrich grew up in Utrecht and went to law school at Leiden University, working as a lawyer in Amsterdam from 1981 until 1989 and later as a judge in the district court of Alkmaar from 1989 until 1994. Dittrich is married to the Dutch-Israeli sculptor Jehoshua Rozenman.
Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Środa County (/ˈʃroʊdə ˈʃlɒ̃skə/; Polish: powiat średzki [ˈpɔvjat ˈɕrɛt͡skʲi], formerly Środa Śląska County) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 703.7 square kilometres (271.7 sq mi). Its administrative seat and only town is Środa Śląska.

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 54,646, out of which the population of Środa Śląska accounts for 9,516, while the rural population is 45,130.

Środa Śląska
Środa Śląska (/ˈʃroʊdə ˈʃlɒ̃skə/, Polish: [ˈɕrɔda ˈɕlɔ̃ska]; German: Neumarkt in Schlesien) is a town in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Środa County, and of the smaller administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Środa Śląska. The town lies approximately 32 km (20 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław, on the Średzka Woda creek. As of 2019, the town has a population of 9,516. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area.

The town emerged from a medieval Polish trade settlement in the 13th century, and its town rights, granted by Henry the Bearded, became a model for municipal rights of more than 100 towns in Poland. The town has been an important craft and trade center since and has a number of heritage structures, including in Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque styles, and is the site of the discovery of the medieval Środa Treasure.
Kai Krause
Kai Krause (born 14 March 1957) is a German software and graphical user interface designer, best known for founding MetaCreations Corp., for his Kai's Power Tools series of products, and for his contributions to  graphical user interface design.

Bryce (software)
Bryce, also often referred to colloquially as Bryce3D, is a 3D modeling, rendering and animation program specializing in fractal landscapes. The name is taken from Bryce Canyon—a rugged region with many of the same landscapes that were first simulated with the software.
Punjabi Shaikh
Punjabi Shaikh (Punjabi: پنجابی شيخ) is a Punjabi Muslim tribe and a branch of the Shaikhs in South Asia. In Punjab, the title Shaikh was given to recent converts to Islam and not to those of Arab descent as a polite euphemism.

The Shaikh caste were originally agricultural and can be found in the Faisalabad, Chiniot and Rawalpindi District of Punjab. However, in recent years, they have become urbanised and are involved in business and trade. The Punjabi Shaikh tribe are wealthy but have a small population in the Punjab. Notable people include Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad, a Pakistani politician.

Punjabi Muslims
Punjabi Muslims (Punjabi: پن٘جابی مُسلمان) are Punjabis who are adherents of Islam. With a population of more than 112 million, they are the third-largest predominantly Islam-adhering Muslim ethnicity in the world, after Arabs and Bengalis.

The majority of Punjabi Muslims are adherents of Sunni Islam, while a minority adhere to Shia Islam. Most of them are primarily geographically native to the Pakistani province of Punjab, but a large group of them have ancestry across the Punjab region as a whole. Punjabi Muslims speak or identify with the Punjabi language (under a Perso-Arabic script known as Shahmukhi) as their mother tongue.
Bowmanville GO Station
Bowmanville GO Station is a planned GO Transit train station to be built by Metrolinx in the community of Bowmanville, Ontario. It will be the terminus station of GO Transit's approved expansion of train service on the Lakeshore East line and will become a transit hub for Durham Region Transit and GO Transit. According to a 2011 environmental impact assessment, the station would have about 770 parking spaces, a bus loop and a kiss and ride area on the south side of the station. The station will be located on the south side of CP Rail's Belleville Subdivision and, as a terminal, it will have two stub tracks.

Lakeshore East line
The Lakeshore East line is one of the seven passenger rail lines of GO Transit in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. It extends from Union Station in Toronto to Oshawa GO in Durham Region. Buses from Oshawa connect to communities further east in Newcastle, Bowmanville and Peterborough.

Most off-peak and some peak trains through run onto the Lakeshore West line, continuing to Aldershot, West Harbour, or Niagara Falls.
On Class Origins
"On Class Origins" (Chinese: 出身论; pinyin: Chūshēn lùn), alternatively translated as "On Family Background", Theory of Class Pedigree, is an article by Yu Luoke and published in January 1967 in the Journal of Middle-School Cultural Revolution. In this article, he challenged the "blood lineage theory" propagated by the children of senior Chinese Communist Party officials. At that time, this theory was widely circulated in Chinese society and caused serious adverse effects.

Yu Luoke was accused of being a counter-revolutionary and sentenced to death for his famous treatise "On Class Origins".

Yu Luoke's article echoed the Central Cultural Revolution Group's critique of the "blood lineage theory", which caused a huge reaction throughout China. In April 1967, the article was labeled a "big poisonous weed". On January 5, 1968, Yu was arrested and imprisoned, and on March 5, 1970, he was executed.

Bloodline theory
The bloodline theory (simplified Chinese: 血统论; traditional Chinese: 血統論; pinyin: xuètǒng lùn) or blood lineage theory was a political theory associated with the "Loyalist Faction" (Baohuang Pai) of the Red Guards during the early phase of the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China. Opponents included the "Rebel Faction" (Zaofan Pai) of the Red Guards.

According to the bloodline theory, the defining factor in a person's class standing was their family's class position. It was expressed by the bloodline couplet, "from a revolutionary father a hero, from a reactionary father a bastard." Although this position was politically discredited, it continued to have a political impact during the Cultural Revolution.
A-3 lifeboat
The A-3 lifeboat was an airborne lifeboat developed by the EDO Corporation in 1947 for the United States Air Force (USAF) as a successor to the Higgins Industries A-1 lifeboat. The A-3 lifeboat was a key element of "Dumbo" rescue flights of the 1950s.

A-1 lifeboat
The A-1 lifeboat was a powered lifeboat that was made to be dropped by fixed-wing aircraft into water to aid in air-sea rescue operations. The sturdy airborne lifeboat was to be carried by a heavy bomber specially modified to handle the external load of the lifeboat. The A-1 lifeboat was intended to be dropped by parachute during Dumbo missions to land within reach of the survivors of an accident on the ocean, specifically airmen survivors of an emergency water landing.