hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John, Duke of Istria
John was the Frankish Duke of Istria in the early years of the 9th century, soon after its conquest by Charlemagne.

In 804, in the Placitum of Riziano, the denizens of the nine cities of Istria complained to Charlemagne that John was ignoring their ancient privileges. John had taken away the privileges of sea-fishing and pasturing in public forests. He had abolished the old hierarchy and either abolished the offices of tribune, domesticus, vicarius, and hypatus or filled them Franks. He seized lands and confiscated the taxes (344 solidi mancusi annually from the cities) for himself. He forced many to serve in the army personally, alongside their slaves, and to demand corvée labour. John explained that he had been ignorant of the customs of Istria and promised to make amends and ceased exacting corvées. It is unknown if he did.

March of Istria
The March of Istria, or the Margraviate of Istria (German: Markgrafschaft Istrien) was a historical frontier county, or march centered on the Istrian peninsula. It was established after the Carolingian conquest at the end of the 8th century, and continued to exist in various territorial scopes and administrative forms within the Holy Roman Empire, consequently becoming integrated into the Austrian Kingdom of Illyria, and the Austrian Littoral. In time it lost its most western (coastal) regions, that became part of the Venetian Istria, while the Istrian frontier county, or march was reduced to central and eastern parts of the Istrian peninsula. Those regions were reintegrated after 1797, and the reunited Istrian march was finally abolished in 1918.
Tertenia
Tertenia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Tortolì.

Tertenia borders the following municipalities: Cardedu, Gairo, Jerzu, Lanusei, Loceri, Osini, Ulassai.

It is located in a high valley at the base of Mt. Arbu and Mt. Ferru, along the Rio Quirra river.

Cardedu
Cardedu is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Tortolì.

Cardedu borders the following municipalities: Bari Sardo, Gairo, Jerzu, Lanusei, Osini, Tertenia.
2022 Colorado Senate election
The 2022 Colorado Senate elections took place on November 8, 2022, along with elections in the State House of Representatives, with the primary elections held on June 28, 2022. Voters in 17 out of the 35 districts of the Colorado Senate elected their representative for a four-year term. It coincided with other Colorado elections of the same year and the biennial United States elections.

Democrats gained two seats increasing their majority to 23 out of 35 seats, with one seat shy of an outright supermajority. Despite winning a majority of the votes cast, the Republican Party only won 6 of the 17 seats up for election.

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Colorado, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. The elections coincided with the Colorado gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the U.S. House of Representatives, elections to the U.S. Senate, and various state and local elections.

District boundaries were redrawn to ensure that the districts are apportioned based on data from the 2020 census, which added an eighth seat to Colorado's delegation.
Analalava District
Analalava is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sofia Region and borders the districts of Ambanja in northeast, Bealanana and Antsohihy in east and Boriziny (Port-Bergé) in south. The area is 4,380 km2 (1,691 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 176,396 in 2020.

Bealanana District
Bealanana is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sofia Region and borders the districts of Ambanja in north, Ambilobe in northeast, Andapa in east, Befandriana-Nord in south, Antsohihy in southwest and Analalava in west. The area is 6,543 km2 (2,526 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 201,836 in 2020.
Alexis Davis (fighter)
Alexis Evelyn Chris Davis (born March 6, 1984) is a Canadian mixed martial artist who competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) where she is a former Title challenger. She is a Canadian Open grappling champion.

Hitomi Akano
Hitomi Akano (赤野 仁美, Akano Hitomi; born July 27, 1974) is a retired Japanese female mixed martial artist. She announced her formal retirement from MMA on August 1, 2013.

Akano used a song she penned herself called "Between the Sky" as her entrance music. She is a former Smackgirl Middleweight Champion at 128 pounds.
Bulqizë
Bulqizë (Albanian: [ˈbulˈcizə]; Albanian definite form: Bulqiza) is a municipality in Dibër County, northeastern Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Fushë-Bulqizë, Gjoricë, Martanesh, Ostren, Shupenzë, Trebisht, Zerqan with Bulqizë constituting its seat. As of the 2023 census, there were 7,875 people residing in Bulqizë and 26,826 in Bulqizë Municipality.

Fushë-Bulqizë
Fushë-Bulqizë is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, eastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform, it became a subdivision of the municipality Bulqizë. The population at the 2011 census was 3,342. The etymology of Fushë-Bulqizë  from the Albanian language translates to in English as “Field of Bulqizë” referring to being the field of the region.
Maybach HL230
The Maybach HL230 was a water-cooled 60° 23-litre V12 petrol engine. It was one of many different sized engines designed by Maybach. It was used during World War II in medium and heavy German tanks – the Panther, Jagdpanther, Tiger II, Jagdtiger (HL230 P30), and later versions of the Tiger I and Sturmtiger (HL230 P45).

V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.

The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, after which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s.

Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars.
Bockelnhagen
Bockelnhagen is a village and a former municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 December 2011, it is part of the municipality Sonnenstein, of which it is an Ortschaft.
The community has two constituent parts, Bockelnhagen and Weilrode. Bockelnhagen is one of the few villages in the Eichsfeld district which were not part of the historical Eichsfeld.

Sonnenstein, Thuringia
Sonnenstein (German pronunciation: [ˈzɔnənʃtaɪn]) is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld, Thuringia, Germany. It was formed by the merger of the previously independent municipalities Bockelnhagen, Holungen, Jützenbach, Silkerode, Steinrode, Stöckey, Weißenborn-Lüderode and Zwinge, on 1 December 2011. These municipalities had previously been part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Eichsfeld-Südharz, which was disbanded. The seat of the municipality is in the village Weißenborn-Lüderode. The municipality consists of 8 Ortschaften (municipal divisions): Bockelnhagen (villages Bockelnhagen and Weilrode), Holungen, Jützenbach, Silkerode, Steinrode (villages Werningerode and Epschenrode), Stöckey, Weißenborn-Lüderode and Zwinge.
Tillabéri Department
Tillabéri  is a department of the Tillabéri Region in Niger. Its capital lies at the city of Tillabéri, and contains the Communes of Ayorou (as of 2001 the largest town in Department), Anzourou, Dessa, Kourteye, and Sinder.  Tillabéri is also the capital of Tillabéri Region. The western border of the department is formed by the Niger River. As of 2012, the department had a total population of 227,352 people.

Tillabéri Region
Tillabéri (var. Tillabéry) is one of the seven regions of Niger. The capital of the region is Tillabéri. Tillabéri Region was created in 1992, when Niamey Region was split, with Niamey and its immediate hinterland becoming a new capital district enclaved within Tillabéri Region.
Der Opernball
Der Opernball (The Opera Ball) is an operetta in three acts with music by Richard Heuberger, and libretto by Viktor Léon and Heinrich von Waldberg, based on the 1876 comedy Les Dominos roses by Alfred Delacour and Alfred Hennequin. The 1877 farce The Pink Dominos and the 1914 musical To-Night's the Night are other adaptations of the original play.

Alexander von Zemlinsky assisted Heuberger with the orchestration. Its premiere was at the Theater an der Wien, Vienna, Austria, on 5 January 1898. The most famous number from the operetta is the waltz duet Geh'n wir in's Chambre séparée. The operetta remains in the repertoire of German-language opera companies, such as the Vienna Volksoper.

To-Night's the Night (musical)
To-Night's the Night is a musical comedy composed by Paul Rubens, with lyrics by Percy Greenbank and Rubens, and a book adapted by Fred Thompson.  Two songs were composed by Jerome Kern.  The story is based on the farce Les Dominos roses by Alfred Hennequin and Alfred Delacour.

The musical was produced by George Grossmith, Jr. and Edward Laurillard and directed by Austen Hurgon. It opened at the Shubert Theatre in New York on December 24, 1914. It then was produced at the Gaiety Theatre in London, opening on April 18, 1915 and running for a very successful 460 performances. Grossmith starred in the piece with Leslie Henson. Grossmith told The New York Times that the musical was the first Gaiety Theatre Company production presented in New York before opening in London.
Tatooine
Tatooine (/ˌtætuˈiːn/ tat-oo-EEN) is a fictional desert planet that appears in the Star Wars franchise. It is a beige-colored, desolate world orbiting a pair of binary stars, and inhabited by human settlers and a variety of other life-forms. The planet was first seen in the original 1977 film Star Wars, and has to date featured in a total of seven Star Wars theatrical films, three live-action television series, and four animated series.

It is the home planet of the protagonist of the original Star Wars Trilogy, Luke Skywalker, and of his father, Anakin Skywalker (who later became Darth Vader). It is also the planet where Obi-Wan Kenobi takes up residence under the name "Ben Kenobi" in order to watch over Luke during the former's exile following the events of Order 66 and Anakin's fall to the dark side. Shots of the binary sunset over the Tatooine desert are considered to be an iconic image of the film series, along with the greatest sunset scenes in cinematic history.

Star Wars Galaxies
Star Wars Galaxies was a Star Wars-themed massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) for Microsoft Windows, developed by Sony Online Entertainment (SOE) and published by LucasArts. The game was released in stores on June 26, 2003, and spawned several expansions and updates through 2005.

The servers shut down on December 15, 2011 due to contract expiration. There are several private emulator projects in various stages of development that intend to allow users to experience Galaxies in different incarnations of the game's existence.
Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky (Ruthenian: Іоан Виговский / Іоан Виговскій / Іоан(ъ) Выговскій /  Иоан Виговс(ъ)кий; Ukrainian: Іван Виговський; Polish: Iwan Wyhowski / Jan Wyhowski;  date of birth unknown, died 1664), served as hetman of the Zaporozhian Host (1657-1659), leading the Cossack Hetmanate during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667).

Vyhovsky belonged to an Orthodox noble family of Abdank coat of arms. He succeeded the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky. His time as hetman was characterized by generally pro-Polish policies, which led to his defeat by pro-Russian elements among the Cossacks.

Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host
The Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host (Ukrainian: Гетьман Війська Запорозького, romanized: Hetman Viiska Zaporozkoho, Latin: Cosaccorum Zaporoviesium Supremus Belli Dux) was the head of state of the Cossack Hetmanate. The office was abolished by the Russian government in 1764.
WLPW
WLPW (105.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Lake Placid, New York, United States. Established in 1979, the station is owned by Jonathan Becker and Gregory Gallacher, through licensee North Country Radio Corp.

WLPW formerly broadcast a classic rock format branded as "Rock 105", which was simulcast with WRGR (102.1 FM) in Tupper Lake, New York; the stations subsequently began to simulcast sister station WNBZ-FM. WLPW went silent in June 2017 after the station stopped paying rent on the tower it had broadcast from. In November 2017, as part of its acquisition of WNBZ in Saranac Lake, North Country Radio, owner of WSLP, obtained a right of first refusal to buy WLPW for $25,000 within thirty days of the station returning to the air.

On March 9, 2018, the FCC granted the application to transfer the license and ownership from Radio Lake Placid, Inc. to North Country Radio. The transfer was consummated on March 15, 2018, at a price of $32,500.

WRGR
WRGR (102.1 FM) is a radio station serving Tupper Lake, New York, United States. The station is owned by Jonathan Becker and Gregory Gallacher, through licensee North Country Radio Corp. It is a simulcast of WSLP (100.7 FM) from Ray Brook.
Neferu III
Neferu (English: Beauty; fl. c. 1950 BC) was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 12th Dynasty. She was a daughter of Amenemhat I, sister-wife of Senusret I, and the mother of Amenemhat II.

Neferu III is one of the four known children of Amenemhat I. She married her brother Senusret I, and was his only wife, so far as is known. She is mentioned as his wife in the Story of Sinuhe. Her name appears on fragments in her father's pyramid at Lisht and in her son's Serabit el-Khadim chapel which was built as a memorial for Senusret I. She had a pyramid in her husband's pyramid complex, but it is possible she was buried not there, but rather in Dahshur, near her son.

Her titles were: King's Daughter; King's Wife; King's Mother.

Amenemhat II
Amenemhat II, also known as Amenemhet II (died c. 1895 BC) was the third king of the 12th Dynasty of Egypt. Amenemhat II was known by his prenomen Nubkaure,. Although he ruled for at least 35 years, his reign is rather obscure, as well as his family relationships.
Claude Barthélemy (musician)
Claude Barthélemy (born August 22, 1956) is a French jazz guitarist.

Barthélemy started playing guitar when he was fourteen years old. He began playing with Michel Portal's ensemble Unit in 1978 and worked with Aldo Romano, Stu Martin, and Gérard Marais. He assembled a trio with Jacques Mahieux and Jean-Luc Ponthieux in the early 1980s, in addition to working with Jean-Marc Padovani and Nouvel Orchestra Philharmonique. Beginning in the mid-1980s he concentrated on composition, writing for mixed ensembles; some of his pieces incorporated video and dance. He co-founded the group Zhivaro in 1987 and from 1989 to 1991 was the director of Orchestre National de Jazz. In the 1990s he led the octet La Nouvelle-Orleans, the quartet Monsieur Claude, and accompanied Elise Caron and Sylvie Cobo.

Orchestre National de Jazz
Orchestre National de Jazz is a French orchestra that was created by French Ministry of Culture in 1986.  It has had 12 musical and artistic directors,  more than 200 soloists and recorded 33 albums. Orchestre National de Jazz won the  Victoires du Jazz in 2009 and 2020, and was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2012 for the album Shut Up And Dance composed by John Hollenbeck.
Côte Vermeille
The Côte Vermeille (French pronunciation: [kot vɛʁmɛj]; Catalan: Costa Vermella, meaning "vermilion coast", or traditionally Catalan: la Marenda; Occitan: Còsta Vermelha) is a region in the French department of Pyrénées-Orientales on the Mediterranean Coast near the border with Spain. The Côte Vermeille stretches from Argelès-sur-Mer to the border village of Cerbère. The towns of Collioure, Port-Vendres and Banyuls-sur-Mer are nested along a 20 km stretch of beaches, small bays, creeks and coves.

Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (French: [piʁene ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; Catalan: Pirineus Orientals [piɾiˈnɛwz uɾiənˈtals]; Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals [piɾeˈnɛwz uɾjenˈtals]; lit. 'Eastern Pyrenees'), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the departments of Ariège to the northwest and Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east and the Spanish province of Girona in Catalonia to the south and the country of Andorra to the west. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain. In 2019, it had a population of 479,979. Some parts of the Pyrénées-Orientales (like the Cerdagne) are part of the Iberian Peninsula. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range. Historically, most of the department corresponds with the northern part of the medieval and early modern Principality of Catalonia.
Hamilton County, Texas
Hamilton County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 8,222. The county seat is Hamilton. The county was created in 1858 and named for James Hamilton Jr., a former governor of South Carolina who gave financial aid to the Republic of Texas.

Bosque County, Texas
Bosque County (/ˈbɒski/ BOSS-kee) is a county located in the greater Waco area. The county sits just northwest of Waco in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,235.  Its county seat is Meridian, while Clifton is the largest city of the county. The county is named for the Bosque River, which runs through the center of the county north to south. The Brazos River makes up the eastern border, along with the Lake Whitney reservoir it feeds.

Since 2015, Bosque County has been represented in the Texas House of Representatives by Republican DeWayne Burns. The previous 10-year representative was Republican Rob Orr of Burleson.
Gadsden State Community College
Gadsden State Community College (Gadsden State, Gadsden, or GSCC) is a public community college with campuses in Gadsden, Centre and Anniston, Alabama. The college was founded as a merger between Alabama Technical College (1925), Gadsden State Technical Institute (1960) and Gadsden State Junior College (1965). Gadsden State is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges. It offers associate degree, certificate and non-credit courses thorough more than 70 programs. The college's campuses serve Calhoun, Cherokee (all but the northern one-sixth), Cleburne, Etowah and St. Clair (the northeastern third) counties, as well as neighboring counties in Georgia.

Gadsden's athletic teams compete in the Alabama Community College Conference (ACCC) of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). They are collectively known as the Cardinals.

Anniston, Alabama
Anniston is a city and the county seat of Calhoun County in Alabama, United States, and is one of two urban centers/principal cities of and included in the Anniston–Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Anniston had a population of 21,564. Named "The Model City" by Atlanta newspaperman Henry W. Grady for its careful planning in the late 19th century, the city is situated on the slope of Blue Mountain.
Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition
The Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, also known as the Jessup Moot or The Jessup, is the oldest and largest international moot competition in the world, with recent editions attracting participants from more than 800 law schools in around 100 countries.  The Jessup inspired the creators of the Charles Rousseau Moot Court Competition, which is the French-speaking version of the Jessup Moot.

Moot court
Moot court is a co-curricular activity at many law schools. Participants take part in simulated court or arbitration proceedings, usually involving drafting memorials or memoranda and participating in oral argument. In many countries, the phrase "moot court" may be shortened to simply "moot" or "mooting". Participants are either referred to as "mooters" or, less conventionally, "mooties".
Harry Leith-Ross
Harry "Tony" Leith-Ross (27 January 1886  – 15 March 1973) was a British-American landscape painter and teacher. He taught at the art colonies in Woodstock, New York and Rockport, Maine, and later was part of the art colony in New Hope, Pennsylvania. A precise draftsman and a superb colorist, Leith-Ross is considered one of the Pennsylvania Impressionists.

Pennsylvania Impressionism
Pennsylvania Impressionism was an American Impressionist movement of the first half of the 20th century that was centered in and around Bucks County, Pennsylvania, particularly the town of New Hope. The movement is sometimes referred to as the "New Hope School" or the "Pennsylvania School" of landscape painting.
Saxifraga × arendsii
Saxifraga × arendsii, or as a cultivar group Saxifraga Mossy Group, known as the mossy saxifrage, is a perennial garden flowering plant. It is a group of horticultural hybrids having a complex crossbred heritage, mainly of Saxifraga moschata, Saxifraga rosacea, and Saxifraga granulata.

Saxifraga rosacea
Saxifraga rosacea, Irish saxifrage, or rosy saxifrage, is a herbaceous plant in the family Saxifragaceae. The epithet rosacea does not refer to its flowers which are white, but to its radical sterile shoots which are often rosy. Owing to this misleading epithet, the rosy-flowered Saxifraga × arendsii is sometimes misidentified as Saxifraga rosacea.

It spreads by stolons, forming a compact cushion of short leafy sterile shoots. Flowering stems may be up to 25 cm tall, bearing 4 to 5 white flowers with petals 6-10mm long.

It is found in Northwestern and Central Europe. It was believed to have become extinct in the UK in 1962, but cuttings from original specimens have allowed for its reintroduction in 2024. It is usually found by mountain streams, but also grows on cliffs and scree slopes.
Isili
Isili (Sardinian: Ìsili) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari, southern Sardinia, Italy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Cagliari in the Sarcidano traditional region.

Isili borders the following municipalities: Gergei, Gesturi, Laconi, Nuragus, Nurallao, Nurri, Serri, Villanova Tulo.

Nuragus
Nuragus (Latin: Valentia) is a small town, in administrative terms a comune (municipality), in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian autonomous region of Sardinia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of the local capital Cagliari.

Nuragus borders the following municipalities: Genoni, Gesturi, Isili, Laconi, Nurallao.