hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dhruv Sangari
Dhruv Sangari also known as Bilal Chishty (Urdu: بلال ڇݜتى) is a Classical Indian vocalist, composer, lyricist and teacher. He is the son of scholar-author Kumkum Sangari and painter Mahendra 'Manu' Sangari.

Coke Studio (Indian TV program)
Coke Studio is an Indian music series that's part of the international franchise, Coke Studio. It features live studio recordings by various artists, showcasing a diverse range of music. This includes classical genres from the Indian subcontinent like Hindustani, Carnatic, Indian folk, alongside hip hop, rock, and pop music.

Launched in India in 2011 as Coke Studio @ MTV, the program enjoyed a successful run for four seasons, culminating in 2015. Currently, India boasts two active editions: Coke Studio Tamil and Coke Studio Bharat. The program's concept originated in Brazil and has subsequently expanded its reach worldwide.
First Epistle to the Corinthians
The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Ancient Greek: Α΄ ᾽Επιστολὴ πρὸς Κορινθίους) is one of the Pauline epistles, part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The epistle is attributed to Paul the Apostle and a co-author, Sosthenes, and is addressed to the Christian church in Corinth. Scholars believe that Sosthenes was the amanuensis who wrote down the text of the letter at Paul's direction. It addresses various issues which had arisen in the Christian community at Corinth and is composed in a form of Koine Greek. Despite the name, it is not believed to be the first such letter written to the Corinthian church.

Anthony Thiselton
Anthony Charles Thiselton FBA (13 July 1937 – 7 February 2023) was an English Anglican priest, theologian, and academic. He wrote a number of books and articles on a range of topics in Christian theology, biblical studies, and the philosophy of religion. He served on the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, appointed by the Minister of Health.
Tor enclosure
A tor enclosure is a type of prehistoric monument found in the southwestern part of Great Britain. These monuments emerged around 4000 BCE in the early Neolithic.

Tor enclosures are large enclosures situated near natural rock outcrops, especially tors, on hilltops or the sides of hills. They consist of one or more roughly circular stone walls built around the tor. They are comparable to the causewayed enclosures found elsewhere in the British Isles and many are of similar Neolithic date although others are from later in prehistory.

Causewayed enclosure
A causewayed enclosure is a type of large prehistoric earthwork common to the early Neolithic in Europe. It is an enclosure marked out by ditches and banks, with a number of causeways crossing the ditches. More than 100 examples are recorded in France and 70 in Southern England and Wales, while further sites are known in Scandinavia, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Ireland and Slovakia.

The term "causewayed enclosure" is now preferred to the older term, causewayed camp, as it has been demonstrated that the sites did not necessarily serve as occupation sites.

Archaeologists have speculated on the purposes of such sites, but have not arrived at a consensus as to their function.
Jakobstad - Pietarsaari Museum
The Jakobstad - Pietarsaari Museum (Swedish: Jakobstads museum, Finnish: Pietarsaaren museo) is a city museum located at Storgatan 2, Jakobstad, Finland. It was founded in 1904, but served as a private museum until 1906. The museum is a historic museum, which focuses on maritime and shipbuilding. The main building of the museum is called Malmska gården.

The Malm House is the main facility at the Jakobstad-Pietarsaari museum. The museum also includes Strengberg Tobacco museum, Runeberg’s cottage, Mother Westman’s cottage, and an exhibition hall Tempus that opened in 2023.

Jakobstad
Jakobstad (Finland Swedish: [ˈjɑːkopˌstɑːd]; Finnish: Pietarsaari, Finnish: [ˈpie̯tɑrˌsɑːri]) is a town in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. Jakobstad is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Jakobstad is approximately 20,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 51,000. It is the 57th most populous municipality in Finland.

Jakobstad covers a land area of 88.52 km2 (34.18 sq mi). The population density is 222.19/km2 (575.5/sq mi). Neighboring municipalities are Larsmo, Pedersöre, and Nykarleby. The city of Vaasa is located 98 km (61 mi) southwest of Jakobstad.

Jakobstad is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 30% Finnish speakers, 54% Swedish speakers, and 16% speakers of other languages.
National Centre for Food Manufacturing
The National Centre for Food Manufacturing (NCFM) is the food science campus of the University of Lincoln, situated on Park Road at Holbeach in the south of the county of Lincolnshire. It offers part-time apprenticeships and distance learning degrees for individuals working in the food industry.

Holbeach
Holbeach is a market town and civil parish in the South Holland District in Lincolnshire, England. The town lies 8 miles (13 km) from Spalding; 17 miles (27 km) from Boston; 20 miles (32 km) from King's Lynn; 23 miles (37 km) from Peterborough; and 43 miles (69 km) by road from Lincoln. It is on the junction of the A151 and A17.

The Prime Meridian of the world passes through the west of Holbeach and is marked with a millstone at Wignals Gate.
Cross of Theophanu
The Cross of Theophanu (German: Theophanu-Kreuz) is one of four Ottonian processional crosses in the Essen Cathedral Treasury and is among the most significant pieces of goldwork from that period. It was donated by Theophanu, Abbess of Essen, who reigned from 1039 to 1058.

Essen Cathedral Treasury
The Essen Cathedral Treasury (German: Essener Domschatz) is one of the most significant collections of religious artworks in Germany. A great number of items of treasure are accessible to the public in the treasury chamber of Essen Minster. The cathedral chapter manages the treasury chamber, not as a museum as in some places, but as the place in which liturgical implements and objects are kept, which continued to be used to this day in the service of God, so far as their conservation requirements allow.
Abuse
Abuse is the act of improper usage or treatment of a person or thing, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices, crimes, or other types of aggression. Some sources describe abuse as "socially constructed", which means there may be more or less recognition of the suffering of a victim at different times and societies.

Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or mental abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person knowingly or intentionally exposing another person to a behavior that results in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, clinical depression or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological reactions.

It is often associated with situations of controlling behavior in abusive relationships, and may include bullying, gaslighting, abuse in the workplace, amongst other behaviors that may cause an individual to feel unsafe.
Curse of the Starving Class
Curse of the Starving Class is a play by Sam Shepard, considered the first of a series on family tragedies. Some critics consider it part of a Family Trilogy that includes Buried Child (1979) and True West (1980). Others consider it part of a quintet that includes Fool for Love (1983) and A Lie of the Mind (1985). The play was commissioned by Joseph Papp and premiered in London in 1977 before playing at Papp's New York Shakespeare Festival in 1978.

Family Trilogy
The Family Trilogy is a trio of plays by American playwright Sam Shepard. It includes Curse of the Starving Class (1976), Buried Child (1979), and True West (1980).

Journalist John O'Mahony called Shepard's trilogy "arguably his greatest achievement." Some critics consider the three plays part of a quintet which also includes Fool for Love (1983) and A Lie of the Mind (1985).
1-Methylcyclohexene
1-Methylcyclohexene is an organic compound consisting of cyclohexene with a methyl group substituent attached to the alkene group. Two other structural isomers are known: 3-methylcyclohexene and 4-methylcyclohexene. All are colorless volatile liquids.  They are specialized reagents. Methylcyclohexenes are a cyclic olefins.

3-Methylcyclohexene
3-Methylcyclohexene an organic compound consisting of cyclohexene with a methyl group substituent adjacent to the alkene group. Two other structural isomers are known: 1-methylcyclohexene and 4-methylcyclohexene. All are colorless volatile liquids classified as a cyclic olefins.  They are specialized reagents.
Lazboard
Lazboard or petranboard is a tool used for skiing on snow in Petran Plateau of İkizdere district of Rize in Turkey. It is known for the Lazboard festival, which held every year. According to a research, villagers from Petran are the oldest group who are actively using a tool similar to snowboard. Lazboard name is derived from Laz people of the region.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Rosaly Lopes
Rosaly M. C. Lopes (born January 8, 1957) is a planetary geologist, volcanologist, an author of numerous scientific papers and several books, as well as a proponent of education. Her major research interests are in planetary and terrestrial surface processes with an emphasis on volcanology.

Volcanologist
A volcanologist, or volcano scientist, is a geologist who focuses on understanding the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, sometimes active ones, to observe and monitor volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of inquiry in recent times is the prediction of eruptions to alleviate the impact on surrounding populations and monitor natural hazards associated with volcanic activity. Geologists who research volcanic materials that make up the solid Earth are referred to as igneous petrologists.
Eastern dwarf mulga snake
The eastern dwarf mulga snake (Pseudechis pailsei), also known commonly as the eastern pygmy mulga snake and the false king brown snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species, which is native to Australia, was genetically confirmed as a distinct species in 2017.

Raymond Hoser
Raymond Terrence Hoser (born 1962) is an Australian snake-catcher and author.

Hoser's work on herpetology is controversial, including his advocacy of the surgical alteration of captive snakes to remove their venom glands and his self-published herpetological taxonomy, which has been described as "taxonomic vandalism".
Po Toi Islands
The Po Toi Islands are a small group of islands with a population of around 200, south-east of Hong Kong Island, off Stanley, in Hong Kong. The main island of the group is Po Toi Island. Administratively, they are part of Islands District.

The islands are notable for interesting rock formations and open-air seafood restaurants. Po Toi Island has a "haunted house", and some rock carvings supposed to be the epitaph of an emperor who died on or near Po Toi. Waglan Island has one of the five surviving pre-war lighthouses in Hong Kong.

Islands District
The Islands District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is part of the New Territories. It had a population of 185,282 in 2021.

Hong Kong consists of a peninsula and 263 islands. The Islands District consists of some twenty large and small islands which lie to the south and southwest of Hong Kong. Notable areas that are part of the Islands District include Chek Lap Kok, the reclaimed island on which Hong Kong International Airport is located, Tung Chung on northern Lantau near the airport, and Discovery Bay, a large private residential area on eastern Lantau.
Jo Johannis Dronkers
Jo Johannis Dronkers (24 May 1910 – 20 February 1973) was a Dutch mathematician who is notable for the development of mathematical methods for the calculation of tides and tidal currents in estuaries. His work formed much of the mathematical basis for the design of the Delta Works. He attended the 1954 International Congress of Mathematicians in Amsterdam, where his work was discussed by David van Dantzig.

Frank Spaargaren
Frank Spaargaren (20 December 1940 – 4 October 2020) was a Dutch hydraulic engineer who was one of the main designers of the Oosterscheldekering and served as a director of the Waterloopkundig Laboratorium in Delft.
1969 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1969 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. In their 12th year under head coach Frank Broyles, the Razorbacks compiled a 9–2 record (6–1 against SWC opponents), finished in second place behind Texas in the SWC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 353 to 103.  The team finished the season ranked No. 7 in the final AP poll and No. 3 in the final UPI Coaches Poll and went on to lose to Ole Miss in the 1970 Sugar Bowl. The loss to No. 1 Texas in the Big Shootout game, is still considered the most devastating defeat in program history. That loss robbed Arkansas of a conference title and a national championship.

1970 Sugar Bowl
The 1970 Sugar Bowl was the 36th edition of the college football bowl game, played at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, on Thursday, January 1. It featured the third-ranked Arkansas Razorbacks of the Southwest Conference (SWC) and the #13 Ole Miss Rebels of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Ole Miss upset Arkansas, 27–22.
Giulio della Rovere
Giulio della Rovere, also known as Giulio Feltrio della Rovere (5 April 1533 – 3 September 1578), was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church and a member of the della Rovere family.

Della Rovere was the second son of Francesco Maria I della Rovere and Eleonora Gonzaga and the younger brother of Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino.

Della Rovere was elevated to cardinal in 1548 at the age of 13.

He had two illegitimate sons: Ippolito and Giuliano. Both were later legitimised, as were their children, by Pope Pius V in 1572. Ippolito was made Marchese di San Lorenzo.

Francesco Maria I della Rovere
Francesco Maria I della Rovere (25 March 1490 – 20 October 1538) was an Italian condottiero, who was Duke of Urbino from 1508 to 1516 and, after retaking the throne from Lorenzo II de' Medici, from 1521 to 1538.
Haddon, Cambridgeshire
Haddon is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Haddon lies approximately 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Peterborough city centre, near to Chesterton and Yaxley. Haddon is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

From 1927 to 1937 the Rev Frank Buttle was rector of Chesterton with Haddon and Alwalton.

Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire (/ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər, -ʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. 
The district had a population of 180,800 at the 2021 census, and has an area of 354.3 square miles (918 km2). The largest towns are St Neots (33,410), Huntingdon (25,428), and St Ives (16,815). The district council is based in Huntingdon.

Historically a county in its own right, Huntingdonshire's boundaries were established in the Anglo-Saxon era. Huntingdonshire became an administrative county in 1889. In 1965, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough, which was in turn merged with Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire, of which Huntingdonshire is now a district.
Chorale fantasia
Chorale fantasia is a type of large composition based on a chorale melody, both works for organ, and vocal settings, for example the opening movements of Bach's chorale cantatas, with the chorale melody as a cantus firmus.

Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern
"Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern" (German pronunciation: [viː ʃøːn ˈlɔɪ̯çtət deːɐ̯ ˈmɔʁɡn̩ˌʃtɛʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'How lovely shineth the morning star') is a Lutheran hymn by Philipp Nicolai written in 1597 and first published in 1599. It inspired musical settings through centuries, notably Bach's chorale cantata Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern, BWV 1, but also vocal and instrumental works by Baroque composers, Peter Cornelius, Felix Mendelssohn, Max Reger, Hugo Distler, Ernst Pepping, Mauricio Kagel and Naji Hakim.
Pfäfers
Pfäfers is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The villages belonging to this municipality include: Pfäfers, St. Margrethenberg, Vadura, Valens, Vasön, and Vättis.

Gigerwaldsee
Gigerwaldsee is a reservoir in the Calfeisental valley, located in the municipality of Pfäfers, Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland. The reservoir has a volume of 35.6 million m³ and covers a surface area of 71 ha (180 acres).

The reservoir was formed by the arch dam Gigerwald, which was completed in 1976, standing at a height of 147 m.
Ground glass joint
Ground glass joints are used in laboratories to quickly and easily fit leak-tight apparatus together from interchangeable commonly available parts. For example, a round bottom flask, Liebig condenser, and oil bubbler with ground glass joints may be rapidly fitted together to reflux a reaction mixture. This is a large improvement compared with older methods of custom-made glassware, which was time-consuming and expensive, or the use of less chemical resistant and heat resistant corks or rubber bungs and glass tubes as joints, which took time to prepare as well.

One of the glassware items to be joined would have an inner (or male) joint with the ground glass surface facing outward and the other would have an outer (or female) joint of a correspondingly fitting taper with the ground glass surface facing inward.  To connect the hollow inner spaces of the glassware components, ground glass joints are hollow on the inside and open at the ends, except for stoppers.

Ground glass
Ground glass is glass whose surface has been ground to produce a flat but rough (matte) finish, in which the glass is in small sharp fragments.

Ground glass surfaces have many applications, ranging from ornamentation on windows and table glassware to scientific uses in optics and laboratory glassware.
Information and Public Relations Department, Bihar
The Information and Public Relations Department, Bihar commonly referred as IPRD Bihar is an agency within the Government of Bihar. Based in Soochna Bhavan Patna. It is charged to liaison with the press, issues of press notes on behalf of government, review of tone and tenor of Hindi, English and Urdu Newspaper published in the State and the department also helps in disseminating information on various activities of the government to the people through the media and providing feedback to the government on important matters reflected in the media. IPRD is also charged with activities connected with cultural affairs.

Government of Bihar
Bihar Government is the state government of the Indian state of Bihar and its nine divisions which consist of districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Bihar, a judiciary and legislative branches.

Like other states in India, the head of state of Bihar is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the central government. The head of state is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Patna is the capital of Bihar hence, it serves as the headquarter for almost all the departments.

The Patna High Court, located in Patna, has jurisdiction over the whole state. The present legislative structure of Bihar is bicameral. The Legislative houses are the Bihar Vidhan Sabha (Bihar Legislative Assembly) and Bihar Vidhan Parishad (Bihar Legislative Council). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.
Asemantausta
Asemantausta is the 25th district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland.

The population of the statistical district of Asemantausta was 4,969 in 2019.

In the past, Asemantausta was also called Paanantaka in the colloquial language. In German, railway is Eisenbahn, which has become paana in the Finnish language, meaning more broadly not only the railway but also another passageway (German: Bahn).

In the 1970s, the area was still mostly farmland, but as the southern part of Laune developed into a commercial center (e.g. Prisma and K-Citymarket and hardware stores), business premises and residential buildings have also been built in Asemantausta.

Laune
Laune is the 24th district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland. It borders the districts of Asemantausta in the north, Kerinkallio and Nikkilä in the east, Renkomäki in the southeast, Jokimaa in the southwest and Hennala in the west.

The population of the statistical district of Laune was 6,201 in 2019.
Pouteria pubescens
Pouteria pubescens is a species of plant in the genus Pouteria within the family Sapotaceae. It is found in Brazil and Peru. Its conservation status is vulnerable. The fruit of this plant are edible and are known as eggfruits. It is a hardwood neotropical plant.

Pouteria
Pouteria is a genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family, Sapotaceae. The genus is widespread throughout the tropical Americas, with outlier species in Cameroon and Malesia. It includes the green sapote (P. viridis), the mamey sapote (P. sapota), and the abiu (P. caimito). Commonly, this genus is known as pouteria trees.

Pouteria is related to Manilkara, another genus that produces hard and heavy woods (e.g. balatá, M. bidentata) used commonly for tropical construction, as well as edible fruit (such as sapodilla, M. zapota).
SS Oriana (1959)
SS Oriana was the last of the Orient Steam Navigation Company's ocean liners. She was built at Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England and launched on 3 November 1959 by Princess Alexandra. Oriana first appeared as an Orient Line ship, with a corn-coloured hull, until 1966, when that company was fully absorbed into P&O. Faced with unprofitable around-the-world passenger routes, the P&O white hulled Oriana was operated as a full-time cruise ship from 1973. Between 1981 and her retirement from service five years later, Oriana was based at Sydney, Australia, operating to Pacific Ocean and South-East Asian ports. Deemed surplus to P&O's requirements in early 1986, the vessel was sold to become a floating hotel and tourist attraction, first in Japan and later in China. As a result of damage sustained from a severe storm whilst in the port of Dalian in 2004, SS Oriana was finally sold to local breakers in 2005.

MV Piano Land
MV Piano Land is a cruise ship in service for Corazul Cruceros, previously for Astro Ocean, a newly-formed Chinese cruise line. She originally entered service in April 1995 as Oriana for P&O Cruises, and was named by Queen Elizabeth II. She was built by Meyer Werft at their shipyard in Papenburg, Germany, and measures 69,153 gross tons. As Oriana, she held the Golden Cockerel trophy in recognition of being the fastest ship in the P&O Cruises fleet from 1997, when she succeeded her fleetmate Canberra, to her departure in 2019.