hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canada–Yugoslavia relations
Canada and Yugoslavia had bilateral relations from 1942 to 1992. As the two countries were in opposing blocs during the Cold War, relations were initially distant, but began to develop after Yugoslavia split from the Eastern Bloc and created the Non-Aligned Movement.

Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, Canada established diplomatic relations with its successor states: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia.

Both Canada and Yugoslavia were among 51 original members of the United Nations.

Yugoslav Canadians
Yugoslav Canadians are Canadians of full or partial Yugoslav ancestry. At the 2021 Census, the total number of Canadians whose origins lie in former Yugoslavia, majority of whom indicated specific ethnic origin, was 369,305 or about 1% of the total population.

On the same census, there were 30,565 people who specifically indicated Yugoslav or Yugoslav Canadian as their ethnic origin; a 37% decrease from the 2011 Census when their number was 48,320.
Bishop of Penrydd
The Bishop of Penrydd (originally spelled Penreth) was a suffragan see in the Church of England (then covering England and Wales) named in the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534.

Only one bishop was appointed by Robert Holgate, Bishop of Llandaff from 1537 until 1539. The holder John Bird went on to be Bishop of Bangor and then Chester.

An Inventory of Ancient Monuments explains how the establishment of the see may have come about.

Penrydd was subsequently (until 1974) a parish in Cilgerran Hundred.

John Bird (bishop)
John Bird (died 1558) was an English Carmelite friar and subsequently a bishop.

He was Warden of the Carmelite house in Coventry, and twice Provincial of his order. He attracted the attention of Henry VIII by his preaching in favour of the royal supremacy over the English Church.
Parliament of Tuvalu
The Parliament of Tuvalu (called Fale i Fono in Tuvaluan, or Palamene o Tuvalu) is the unicameral national legislature of Tuvalu. The place at which the parliament sits is called the Vaiaku maneapa. The maneapa on each island is an open meeting place where the chiefs and elders deliberate and make decisions.

The 16 members of the current parliament are elected from eight two-seat constituencies via plurality block voting.

Law of Tuvalu
The Law of Tuvalu comprises the legislation voted into law by the Parliament of Tuvalu and statutory instruments that become law; certain Acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom (during the time Tuvalu was either a British protectorate or British colony); the common law; and customary law (particularly in relation to the ownership of land). The land tenure system is largely based on kaitasi (extended family ownership).
Casapinta
Casapinta is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 480 and an area of 2.9 square kilometres (1.1 mi2).

Casapinta borders the following municipalities: Crosa, Curino, Lessona, Masserano, Mezzana Mortigliengo, Strona.

Crosa, Piedmont
Crosa is a frazione of the comune of Lessona, in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 332 and an area of 1.0 square kilometre (0.39 mi2).
From 1 January 2016 Crosa was absorbed by the neighbouring municipality of Lessona.

As an autonomous comune Crosa bordered the following municipalities: Casapinta, Cossato, Lessona, Strona.
Spyros Vassiliou
Spyros Vassiliou (Greek: Σπύρος Βασιλείου; June 16, 1903 – March 22, 1985) was a Greek painter, printmaker, illustrator, and stage designer. He became widely recognized for his work starting in the 1930s, when he received the Benaki Prize from the Athens Academy. The recipient of a Guggenheim Prize for Greece (in 1960), Spyros Vassiliou's works have been exhibited in galleries throughout Europe, in the United States, and Canada.

Modern Greek art
Modern Greek art is art from the period between the emergence of the new independent Greek state and the 20th century.
As Mainland Greece was under Ottoman rule for all four centuries, it was not a part of the Renaissance and artistic movements that followed in Western Europe. However, Greek islands such as Crete, and the Ionian islands in particular were for large periods under Venetian or other European powers' rule and thus were able to better assimilate the radical artistic changes that were occurring in Europe during the 14th-18th century.

The Cretan School and in particular the Heptanese School of art are two important artistic movements in Greece that followed parallel routes to Western Europe.

Modern Greek art can be said to have been predominantly shaped by the particular socioeconomic conditions of Greece, the large Greek diaspora across Europe, and the new Greek social elite, as well as external artistic influences, predominantly from Germany and France.
HB-Werkstätten für Keramik
HB-Werkstätten für Keramik GmbH (HB Workshops for Ceramics) in the Brandenburg district of Marwitz was founded by Hedwig Bollhagen (1907–2001) and Heinrich Schild (1895–1978). Hedwig Bollhagen remained artistic director until shortly before her death in 2001.

The HB Workshops produce hand-crafted tableware and sophisticated building ceramics in the former cocklestove factory in Marwitz, which is protected as a listed building. The building ceramics produced by the workshops are used in areas such as the preservation and restoration of historical monuments. Shaped bricks are produced by hand as one-off products or in short series production, in various different formats and profiles. These have been used, for example, in the Friedrichswerder Church and the Rotes Rathaus in Berlin, as well as in the Chorin Abbey and in the Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam.

Haël Workshops for Artistic Ceramics
Haël Workshops for Artistic Ceramics G.m.b.H. was a company which produced stoneware and was founded in 1923 by Dr Gustav Loebenstein, his wife Margarete (née Heymann) and Daniel Loebenstein, housed on a lease basis in a former cocklestove factory, as the successor of the manufacturing company Petry in Marwitz, in the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
Gyposaurus
Gyposaurus (meaning "vulture lizard", referring to the outdated hypothesis that prosauropods were carnivores) is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the early Jurassic of South Africa. It is usually considered to represent juveniles of other prosauropods, but "G." sinensis is regarded as a possibly valid species.

Anchisaurus
Anchisaurus is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur. It lived during the Early Jurassic Period, and its fossils have been found in the red sandstone of the Upper Portland Formation, Northeastern United States, which was deposited from the Hettangian age into the Sinemurian age, between about 200 and 192 million years ago. Until recently it was classed as a member of Prosauropoda. The genus name Anchisaurus comes from the Greek αγχι (agkhi) anchi-; "near, close" + Greek σαυρος (sauros); "lizard". Anchisaurus was coined as a replacement name for "Amphisaurus", which was itself a replacement name for Hitchcock's "Megadactylus", both of which had already been used for other animals.
CT-5172
CT-5172, also known as 2,6-dimethoxy-3,5-dichlorophenethylamine, is a claimed hallucinogen of the phenethylamine family. It is an analogue of the serotonergic psychedelics mescaline and the 2C series but with an unusual substitution pattern on the benzene ring that includes methoxy groups at the 2 and 6 positions and chlorine atoms at the 3 and 5 positions. The drug was reported to have significant but relatively weak mescaline-like effects in cats. CT-5172 was first described in the scientific literature by 1969. Various related analogues, such as CT-5126 and CT-4719, have also been described. CT-5172 and related compounds were developed at the Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (CT; Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory) of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France.

CT-4719
CT-4719, also known as 2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenoxyethylamine, is a claimed hallucinogen related to psychedelic phenethylamines like mescaline. It is not technically a phenethylamine itself but is a close analogue of this family. The drug was reported to produce behavioral and electrocorticography (ECoG) effects very similar to but twice as potent as those of mescaline in cats. CT-4719 was first described in the scientific literature by 1969. Various related analogues, such as CT-5172 and CT-5126, have also been described. CT-4719 and related compounds were developed at the Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (CT; Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory) of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France.

An analogue of CT-4719 and of mescaline, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenoxyethylamine, has also been described. It was inactive in terms of psychoactive effects in humans at doses of 10 to 300 mg.
Deputy Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force
The Deputy Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force is the second senior-most chaplain in the United States Air Force Chaplain Corps, holding the rank of brigadier general, and acting as principal deputy to the Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force.

Armed Forces Chaplains Board
The Armed Forces Chaplains Board (AFCB) is an organizational entity within the United States Department of Defense established to provide advice and recommendations to OSD officials (secretary of defense and the under secretary for personnel and readiness) on policies and issues related to the free exercise of religion and on all matters concerning religion, spiritual readiness, morality, ethics, morale, and military chaplains. It is made up of the three chiefs of chaplains and three active-duty deputy chiefs of chaplains of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
European Universities Beach Volleyball Championships
European Universities Beach Volleyball Championships were the first organised in 2004. Apart from 2014, they have been organized annually.

The European Universities Beach Volleyball Championships are coordinated by the European University Sports Association along with the 18 other sports on the program of the European universities championships.

European University Sports Association
European University Sports Association (EUSA) is an umbrella non-governmental (NGO) non-profit organisation, working in the field of university sport in Europe.

It links national university sport federations, universities, teams, individual competitors, volunteers and other partners in over 40 countries throughout Europe. In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, EUSA suspended the universities from Russia and Belarus and the representatives of the National University Sports Associations from Russia and Belarus from all EUSA events, blocked the organization of EUSA events in Russia and Belarus, and will not call upon the Members of EUSA Committees, Commissions, and Working Groups from Russia and Belarus for future EUSA meetings and activities.
Katamanso War
The Katamanso War, also known as the Battle of Dodowa, was a war that several tribes united with the British, fought and prevented Ashantis from dominating the coast in 1826. Numerous tribes in the Gold Coast such as the Fantes, Ga, Akyems, Adas were led by the British army to fight the Ashantis. It is classified as one of the "Anglo-Ashanti Wars" according to historical evidence at the National Archives.

Anglo-Ashanti wars
The Anglo-Ashanti wars were a series of five conflicts that took place between 1824 and 1900 between the Ashanti Empire—in the Akan interior of the Gold Coast—and the British Empire and its African allies. Despite initial Ashanti victories, the British ultimately prevailed in the conflicts, resulting in the complete annexation of the Ashanti Empire by 1900.
Arytera divaricata
Arytera divaricata, known as the gap axe, coogara, coogera or rose tamarind is a forest tree of eastern Australia. An attractive plant with glossy pale and limp new leaves. It grows in fairly dry situations, often in littoral rainforests and monsoon forest.

The southernmost limit of natural distribution is Port Stephens (32° S) in New South Wales, extending north to Cape York at the northernmost tip of Australia. The generic name Arytera is from the Greek for 'cup', referring to the cup-shaped fruit valves. The specific epithet divaricata is from Latin and refers to the wide-spreading branchlets of the flower panicle.

Arytera
Arytera is a genus of about twenty–eight species known to science, of trees and shrubs and constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga; and the most widespread species and type species A. littoralis grows throughout Malesia and across Southeast Asia, from NE. India, southern China, Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines to as far east as New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

The eleven Australian species may have the common name coogera and they grow naturally in the rainforests of eastern Australia and the Northern Territory.

Formerly included here were three species now in the genus Mischarytera.
Liberty Township, Bollinger County, Missouri
Liberty Township is one of eight townships in Bollinger County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 U.S. census, its population was 1,224. As of the 2010 U.S. census, its population had increased to 1,371. Liberty Township covers an area of 91.51 square miles (237.0 km2).

Bollinger County, Missouri
Bollinger County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,567. The county seat, largest and only city, is Marble Hill. The largely rural county is supported by agriculture and construction. The county was officially organized in March 1851 from portions of Wayne, Cape Girardeau and Stoddard Counties, and named in honor of George Frederick Bollinger, an early settler.

Bollinger County is part of the Cape Girardeau, MO–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of the "Missouri dinosaur" discovered at an archaeological dig near Glen Allen in 1942. Blue Pond, the deepest natural pond in Missouri, is located in the southern portion of the county.
SPHRC Kung Yik She Secondary School
Shap Pat Heung Rural Committee Kung Yik She Secondary School is an aided Hong Kong secondary school founded in September 1996. Located at Tin Shing Road in Tin Shui Wai, it is the only secondary school established by Shap Pat Heung Rural Committee. Since the retirement of then-principal Yeung Ng Wai-chun, Liu Siu-lin has been the principal of the school.

Tin Shui Wai
Tin Shui Wai New Town is a satellite town in the northwestern New Territories of Hong Kong. Originally a gei wai (基圍) fish pond area, it was developed in the 1980s as the second new town in Yuen Long District and the eighth in Hong Kong. It is 25 kilometres (16 mi) due northwest of Central, the main business area in the territory, on land reclaimed from low-lying areas south of Deep Bay, next to Ping Shan. The population was 283,595 as of 2021.
Lebesgue measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions , it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume. It is used throughout real analysis, in particular to define Lebesgue integration. Sets that can be assigned a Lebesgue measure are called Lebesgue-measurable; the measure of the Lebesgue-measurable set  is here denoted by .

Henri Lebesgue described this measure in the year 1901 which, a year after, was followed up by his description of the Lebesgue integral. Both were published as part of his dissertation Intégrale, Longueur, Aire in 1902.

Liouville number
In number theory, a Liouville number is a real number  with the property that, for every positive integer , there exists a pair of integers  with  such that

The inequality implies that Liouville numbers possess an excellent sequence of rational number approximations. In 1844, Joseph Liouville proved a bound showing that there is a limit to how well algebraic numbers can be approximated by rational numbers, and he defined Liouville numbers specifically so that they would have rational approximations better than the ones allowed by this bound. Liouville also exhibited examples of Liouville numbers thereby establishing the existence of transcendental numbers for the first time.
One of these examples is Liouville's constant

in which the th digit after the decimal point is 1 if  is the factorial of a positive integer and 0 otherwise. It is known that π and e, although transcendental, are not Liouville numbers.
Virgin New Adventures
The Virgin New Adventures (NA series, or NAs) are a series of novels from Virgin Publishing based on the British science-fiction television series Doctor Who.  They continued the story of the Doctor from the point at which the television programme went into hiatus from television in 1989.

From 1991 to 1997, all the books except the final one involved the Seventh Doctor, who was portrayed on television by Sylvester McCoy; the final book, The Dying Days, involved the Eighth Doctor, who was portrayed in the 1996 television film by Paul McGann. In further books published between 1997 and 1999, the New Adventures series focused on the character Bernice Summerfield and the Doctor did not appear.

Companion (Doctor Who)
In the long-running BBC television science fiction programme Doctor Who and related works, the term "companion" refers to a character who travels with, or shares adventures with, the Doctor. A companion is generally the series' co-lead character alongside the Doctor for the duration of their tenure, and in most Doctor Who stories acts as an audience surrogate by providing the lens through which the viewer is introduced to the story, and often, the series itself.

The companion character often furthers the story by asking questions and getting into trouble; also by helping, rescuing, or challenging the Doctor. This designation is applied to a character by the show's producers and appears in the BBC's promotional material and off-screen fictional terminology. The Doctor also refers to the show's other leads as their "friends" or "assistants"; the British press have also used the latter term.
Barnes Chine
Barnes Chine is a geological feature on the south west coast of the Isle of Wight, England. The chine lies just to the west of a small rise called Barnes High and south west of the hamlet of Yafford.  It is a small sandy coastal ravine, one of a number of such chines on the island created by erosion of the cliff edge made of soft Cretaceous rock.

This chine is difficult to identify as there is no obvious stream valley leading to the cliff edge, just a slight undulation of the gently sloping agricultural land. At the bottom of the undulation look over the cliff edge to see a small v-shaped gully descending rapidly to the beach below.  The erosion of this chine is by underwater streams which emerge below the cliff top. The water probably comes from a small pond about 150m from the cliff edge near the A3055's Military Road and from the small catchment area to the west of Barnes High.

The Isle of Wight Coastal Path runs past the top of the chine.

Chine
A chine ( /ˈtʃaɪn/) is a steep-sided coastal gorge where a river flows to the sea through, typically, soft eroding cliffs of sandstone or clays. The word is used in central Southern England—notably in East Devon, Dorset, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight—to describe such topographical features. The term 'bunny' is sometimes used to describe a chine in Hampshire. The term chine is also used in some Vancouver suburbs in Canada to describe similar features.

The word chine derives from the Old English cinu, meaning 'a gorge, a ravine'.
Mark of the Unicorn
Mark of the Unicorn (MOTU) is a music-related computer software and hardware supplier developed by Jason Linhart, Craig Finseth, Scott Layson Burson, Brian Hess. It is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts and has created music software since 1984. In the mid-1980s, Mark of the Unicorn sold productivity software and several games for the Macintosh, Atari ST, and Amiga.

Digital Performer
Digital Performer is a digital audio workstation and music sequencer software package published by Mark of the Unicorn (MOTU) of Cambridge, Massachusetts for the Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows platforms.
Eldorado Valley
Eldorado Valley, or El Dorado Valley, is a Great Basin valley in the Mojave Desert southeast of Las Vegas and southwest of Boulder City, Nevada. The valley is endorheic, containing the Eldorado Dry Lake. The Great Basin Divide, transects ridgelines and saddles, on the north, northeast, east, and south around the valley, as the valley sits on the east of the McCullough Range, a Great Basin massif, on the Great Basin Divide at its north terminus and its south terminus. Much of the valley is protected as part of Avi Kwa Ame National Monument.

Avi Kwa Ame National Monument
Avi Kwa Ame National Monument (/əˌviːkwəˈɑːmeɪ/ ə-VEE kwə AH-may; Mojave: ʔaviː kʷaʔame, "highest mountain", from ʔaviː, "mountain, rock", and ʔamay, "up, above") is a national monument that protects approximately 506,000 acres (2,050 km2) of the Mojave Desert in southern Nevada. President Joe Biden established it as a monument under the authority of the Antiquities Act on March 21, 2023. It is named for Avi Kwa Ame, also known as Spirit Mountain, which is visible from most of the monument and is considered sacred as the site of creation by the Yuman tribes. Most of the monument is managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Conservation Lands, and the National Park Service manages the portion within Lake Mead National Recreation Area.
Governorates of Libya
The governorates of Libya (muhafazah) were a tenfold top-level administrative division of Libya from 1963 until 1983.

They came into being on 27 April 1963. In 1970, after the 1 September 1969 Free Officers Movement coup, there was an administrative reorganization which gave local authorities more power to implement policies of the national government, and redesignated some of the names and boundaries of the ten governorates. In February 1975, Libya issued a law that abolished the governorates and their service directorates, however they continued to operate until they were fully replaced in 1983 by the baladiyat system districts.

Historically, the three provinces of Libya (Tripolitania in the northwest, Cyrenaica in the east, and Fezzan in the southwest) were sometimes called governorates.

Muhafazah
A muḥāfaẓah is a first-level administrative division of many Arab countries, and a second-level administrative division in Saudi Arabia. The term is usually translated as "governorate", and occasionally as "province".

It comes from the Arabic root ح-ا-ف-ظ, ḥ-ā-f-ẓ, (verb: حافظ, ḥāfaẓa), which means to "keep" and "guard".

The head of a muḥāfaẓah is a governor (Arabic: مُحَافِظ, muḥāfiẓ) .

The governorates of Tunisia are wilāyah in Arabic.