hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wong Uk Village (Sha Tin District)
Wong Uk Village (Chinese: 王屋村) is a village at the southwest of Yuen Chau Kok, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong. With the exception of the "Old House", the village was demolished in the 1970s to make way for high-density housing and re-established nearby.

Sha Tin
Sha Tin, also spelt Shatin, is a neighbourhood along Shing Mun River in the eastern New Territories, Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Sha Tin District. Sha Tin is one of the neighbourhoods of the Sha Tin New Town project.

The new town was founded in 1973 under the New Towns Development Programme of the Hong Kong government. Its current name was named after the nearby village of Sha Tin Wai.  The literal English translation is 'Sand Fields'.
Paul Moon
Evan Paul Moon ONZM (born 18 October 1968) is a New Zealand historian and a professor at the Auckland University of Technology. He is a writer of New Zealand history and biography, specialising in Māori history, the Treaty of Waitangi and the early period of Crown rule.

This Horrid Practice
This Horrid Practice: The Myth and Reality of Traditional Maori Cannibalism is a 2008 non-fiction book by New Zealand historian Paul Moon. The book is a comprehensive survey of the history of human cannibalism among the Māori of New Zealand. It was the first academic treatment of the subject published in New Zealand.

The title of the book is drawn from the 16 January 1770 journal entry of Captain James Cook, who, in describing acts of Māori cannibalism, stated "though stronger evidence of this horrid practice prevailing among the inhabitants of this coast will scarcely be required, we have still stronger to give."
Pedro Suárez de Deza (died 1206)
Pedro Suárez de Deza (died 1206) was a Spanish prelate, the bishop of Salamanca from 1166 until his transfer to the archbishopric of Santiago de Compostela in 1173, where he remained until his death. In 1183 he served as chancellor of the kingdom of León. Of his stature in the Leonese kingdom, Roger Wright claims that he "would probably be now ... widely celebrated ... if he had only had a biographer", like his predecessor, Diego Gelmírez, did.

Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela
The Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela (Latin: Archidioecesis Compostellana) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Spain. It is the most senior of the five districts into which the church divides the region of Galicia.

The seat of the archdiocese is the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, dedicated to the Apostle James.
Dysteleology
Dysteleology is the philosophical view that existence has no telos - no final cause from purposeful design as opposed to teleology.

Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) invented and popularized the term dysteleology (German: Dysteleologie).

Telos
Telos (/ˈtɛlɒs, ˈtiːlɒs/; Ancient Greek: τέλος, romanized: télos, lit. 'end, purpose, goal') is a term used by the philosopher Aristotle to refer to the final cause of a natural organ or entity, or of human art. The Greek word telos is the root of the modern term "teleology", the study of purposiveness or of objects with a view to their aims, purposes, or intentions. Teleology is central in Aristotle's work on plant and animal biology, and in his analysis of human ethics, through his theory of the four causes. Aristotle's notion that everything has a telos also gave rise to epistemology.
Mount Clague
Mount Clague is a mountain in the Kitimat Ranges of western British Columbia, Canada, located west of the junction of Wedeene River and Kitimat River, just northwest of Kitimat.

The mountain was originally named Mount Claque in 1951 in association with the misspelled name of the triangulation station which had been occupied and named in 1949. The mountain's name was corrected in 1968. Herbert Naden Clague was a BC land surveyor who laid out the subdivision schema of Kitimat in 1910.

Kitimat River
The Kitimat River is a river in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It originates in the Kitimat Ranges, near the sources of the Dala River, Kemano River, Atna River, and Clore River. It flows in a curve north, then west, then south, emptying into Kitimat Arm at the head of Douglas Channel, at the town of Kitimat.

The river is named after the original First Nations inhabitants of the river valley, the Gitamaat, which means "People of the Falling Snow" in the Tsimshian language. The Gitamaat people themselves are not Tsimshian but Haisla. Today the Haisla Nation is centered on Kitamaat Village, near the mouth of the Kitimat River.
Shirayuri University
Shirayuri University (白百合女子大学, Shirayuri Joshi Daigaku) is a Catholic Japanese women's university in Chōfu, Tokyo. The university comprises four Departments of Literature and a graduate school. This all-female institution is well known as Shirayuri Women's University, although its official name is Shirayuri College. It is a research and liberal arts college. It was formed by three nuns and a priest from France.

Chōfu
Chōfu (調布市, Chōfu-shi) is a city in the western side of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 238,087, and a population density of 11,000 per km2. the total area of the city is 21.58 square kilometres (8.33 sq mi).
Lungfish
Lungfish, also known as dipnoans, are freshwater vertebrates belonging to the class Dipnoi. Lungfish are best known for their innovative respiratory system, including the ability to breathe air, and derived structures within Sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. Lungfish represent the closest living relatives of the tetrapods (which includes living amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). The mouths of lungfish typically bear tooth plates, which are used to crush hard shelled organisms.

Today there are only six known species of lungfish, living in Africa, South America, and Australia, though they were formerly globally distributed. The fossil record of the group extends into the Early Devonian, over 410 million years ago. The earliest known members of the group were marine, while almost all post-Carboniferous representatives inhabit freshwater environments.

Bichir
Fish portal

Bichirs /ˈbɪʃɪərz/ and the reedfish comprise Polypteridae /pɒlɪpˈtɛrɪdiː/, a family of archaic ray-finned fishes and the only family in the order Polypteriformes /pəˈlɪptərɪfɔːrmiːz/.

All the species occur in freshwater habitats in tropical Africa and the Nile River system, mainly swampy, shallow floodplains and estuaries.

Cladistia, polypterids and their fossil relatives, are considered the sister group to all other extant ray-finned fishes (Actinopteri). They likely diverged from Actinopteri at least 330 million years ago. A closely related group, the Scanilepiformes, are known from the later Permian to the Triassic, and are likely ancestral to polypterids. The oldest polypterids are around 100 million years old, from the early Late Cretaceous of South America and Africa.
Sundanese cuisine
Sundanese cuisine (Indonesian: Hidangan Sunda; Sundanese: ᮃᮞᮊᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: Asakan Sunda) is the cuisine of the Sundanese people of Western Java and Banten, Indonesia. Sundanese food is characterised by its freshness; the well-known lalab eaten with sambal and also karedok demonstrate the Sundanese fondness for fresh raw vegetables. Unlike the rich and spicy taste, infused with coconut milk and curry, of Minangkabau cuisine, Sundanese cuisine has a simple and clear taste, ranging from savoury salty to fresh sourness to mild sweetness to hot and spicy.

Sambal terasi is the most important and the most common condiment in Sundanese cuisine, and is eaten together with lalab or fried tofu and tempeh. Sayur asem vegetable tamarind soup is a common vegetable soup in Sundanese cuisine. Common soups containing meat are soto Bandung, a soup of beef and daikon radish, and mie kocok noodle soup with beef meat and kikil.

Pepes
Pepes is an Indonesian cooking method using banana leaves as food wrappings. The banana-leaf package containing food is secured with lidi seumat (a small nail made from the central ribs of coconut leaves) and then steamed or grilled on charcoal. This cooking technique allows the rich spice mixture to be compressed against the main ingredients inside the individual banana-leaf package while being cooked and also adds a distinct aroma of cooked or burned banana leaves. Although being cooked simultaneously with food, the banana leaf is a non-edible material and is discarded after consuming the food.
Declarations of State Land in the West Bank
Declarations of State Land in the West Bank are declarations by Israeli authorities that Palestinian land is "state land", that is, land that may be legally administered by an occupying power on a temporary basis under international law, on the theory that the occupier is holding the territory in trust until sovereignty can be restored. It was and is the principal method used by the governments of Mandatory Palestine and Israel respectively, to acquire land from Palestinians and sell it to Israeli settlers. According to B'Tselem, it was used to expropriate 16% of the West Bank. Similar large land declarations include the declaration of Israeli firing zones in the West Bank.

Land expropriation in the West Bank
Land expropriation in the West Bank refers to the practices employed by the State of Israel to take over Palestinian land in the occupied West Bank. From 1969 to 2019 Israel had issued over 1,150 military seizure orders alone to that purpose.
Single-sideband modulation
In radio communications, single-sideband modulation (SSB) or single-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation (SSB-SC) is a type of signal modulation used to transmit information, such as an audio signal, by radio waves. A refinement of amplitude modulation, it uses transmitter power and bandwidth more efficiently. Amplitude modulation produces an output signal the bandwidth of which is twice the maximum frequency of the original baseband signal. Single-sideband modulation avoids this bandwidth increase, and the power wasted on a carrier, at the cost of increased device complexity and more difficult tuning at the receiver.

Sideband
In radio communications, a sideband is a band of frequencies higher than or lower than the carrier frequency, that are the result of the modulation process.  The sidebands carry the information transmitted by the radio signal. The sidebands comprise all the spectral components of the modulated signal except the carrier. The signal components above the carrier frequency constitute the upper sideband (USB), and those below the carrier frequency constitute the lower sideband (LSB). All forms of modulation produce sidebands.
Friends of the People
Friends of the People is an American sketch comedy television series. It was slated to premiere on TruTV in summer 2014, but was pushed to October 28, 2014, as part of the network's shift in their programming direction. Many of the cast members (Jennifer Bartels, Jermaine Fowler, and Lil Rel Howery) were originally reported to be cast members of a planned revival of In Living Color which never materialized. The show's first season consisted of 10 episodes. This made it the network's first sketch comedy show. The series held a TV-14 rating, though select episodes were rated TV-MA — also a first for the truTV network.

Kenny and Keith Lucas
Kenny Lucas and Keith Lucas (born September 13, 1985), collectively referred to as The Lucas Brothers, are American identical twin brothers who work together as writers, filmmakers, producers, actors, and comedians.

They co-wrote and co-produced Judas and the Black Messiah (2021), for which they were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay; they won the Paul Selvin Award and the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Writing in a Motion Picture. The film itself was nominated for six Academy Awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture.
DZRH-TV
DZRH-TV was the flagship VHF TV station of Philippine media network Manila Broadcasting Company. It aired from April 11, 1962, to September 23, 1972, and had relay stations in six key cities in the Philippines. Its studios were located in the Jai Alai Building. It was shut down permanently during the martial law decreed by President Ferdinand Marcos.

DZRH News Television
DZRH News Television (stylized as DZRHTV or RHTV in capital letters) is a Philippine pay television news channel owned by MBC Media Group. Its programs are primarily from MBC Media Group's flagship radio station DZRH and station-produced programs, occupied by the timeslots of radio dramas.

DZRH News Television is the second free-to-air channel that re-broadcasts news from a radio station, after DZMM launched its own TV channel, while other stations in Metro Manila and other parts of the country soon followed. The channel is also livestreaming on YouTube.
George Anson Pease
George Anson Pease (September 30, 1830 – January 22, 1919) was a steamboat captain in the Pacific Northwest region on the United States, who was active from the earliest days of steamboat navigation on the Willamette River in the 1850s.  He worked in various roles until the early 1900s, commanding numerous vessels during that time.  During a flood in 1861, while in command of the sternwheeler Onward, Pease rescued 40 people from a flood in the area of Salem, Oregon.

Elk (sternwheeler 1857)
Elk was a stern-wheel driven steamboat built on the Willamette River in 1857 at Canemah, Oregon.  This steamboat is chiefly remembered for its destruction by a boiler explosion in which by good fortune no one was seriously hurt. A folklore tale later arose about this disaster.
The Homecoming (painting)
The Homecoming, (German: Die Heimkehr) also known as The Return or Returning Home, is a painting created in 1887 by the Swiss Symbolist artist Arnold Böcklin (1827–1901). It is currently held in a private collection.

Preludes, Op. 32 (Rachmaninoff)
Thirteen Preludes (Russian: Тринадцать прелюдий, Trinadtsat' prelyudiy), Op. 32, is a set of thirteen preludes for solo piano, composed by Sergei Rachmaninoff in 1910.

It complements his earlier Prelude in C♯ minor, Op. 3/2, and 10 Preludes, Op. 23, to complete the full set of 24 Preludes in all 24 major and minor keys.
Convex hull algorithms
Algorithms that construct convex hulls of various objects have a broad range of applications in mathematics and computer science.

In computational geometry, numerous algorithms are proposed for computing the convex hull of a finite set of points, with various computational complexities.

Computing the convex hull means that a non-ambiguous and efficient representation of the required convex shape is constructed. The complexity of the corresponding algorithms is usually estimated in terms of n, the number of input points, and sometimes also in terms of h, the number of points on the convex hull.

Output-sensitive algorithm
In computer science, an output-sensitive algorithm is an algorithm whose running time depends on the size of the output, instead of, or in addition to, the size of the input. For certain problems where the output size varies widely, for example from linear in the size of the input to quadratic in the size of the input, analyses that take the output size explicitly into account can produce better runtime bounds that differentiate algorithms that would otherwise have identical asymptotic complexity.
Fortaleza de Santo António da Ponta da Mina
The Fortaleza de Santo António da Ponta da Mina or Forte de Ponta da Mina is a ruined fort located east of the island capital Santo António in the island of Príncipe in São Tomé and Príncipe. It is located at the headland Ponta da Mina. The fortress consisted of two parts: the Bateria Real and the Bateria do Príncipe.

The fort was built in 1695. In 1706, the city of Santo António was invaded by the French during the Spanish War of Succession, destroying the town and its fortress. It was repaired several times, and was finally abandoned in the early 20th century.

Príncipe
Príncipe (/ˈprɪnsɪpə, -peɪ/; Portuguese: [ˈpɾĩsɨpɨ]) is the smaller, northern major island of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe lying off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. It has an area of 142 square kilometres (55 sq mi) (including offshore islets) and a population of 7,324 at the 2012 Census; the latest official estimate (at May 2018) was 8,420. The island is a heavily eroded volcano speculated to be over three million years old, surrounded by smaller islands including Ilheu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Tinhosa Grande and Tinhosa Pequena. Part of the Cameroon Line archipelago, Príncipe rises in the south to 947 metres at Pico do Príncipe. The island is the main constituent of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe, established in 1995, and of the coterminous district of Pagué.
Khara-Khoto
Khara-Khoto, also known as Heicheng, is an abandoned city near the Juyan Lake in the sum of Bayan Toroi, about 25 km south of the seat of Ejin Banner in Alxa League at the western end of Inner Mongolia, China. Built in 1032, the city thrived under the rule of the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty. It has been identified as the city of Etzina, which appears in The Travels of Marco Polo, and hence today's Ejin Banner is named after this city.

Tangut language
Tangut (Tangut: 𗼇𗟲; Chinese: 西夏語; pinyin: Xīxià yǔ; lit. 'Western Xia language')  is an extinct Sino‑Tibetan language, now argued to belong within the Horpa subgroup of West Gyalrongic.

Tangut was one of the official languages of the Western Xia dynasty, founded by the Tangut people in northwestern China. The Western Xia was annexed by the Mongol Empire in 1227. The Tangut language has its own script, the Tangut script. The latest known text written in the Tangut language, the Tangut dharani pillars, dates to 1502, suggesting that the language was still in use nearly three hundred years after the collapse of the Western Xia.
Rice Research Station, Moncombu
Rice Research Station, Moncombu, is a research Station under the Special Zone of Problem Areas of Kerala Agricultural University at Moncombu in Alappuzha district of Kerala, India.

In 2013, The Centre for Rice Germplasm of this Rice Research Station, has developed new rice varieties with reduced harvesting cycle and increased pest and disease resistance to fight climate change.

Monkombu
Mankombu or Moncombu is a village in the district of Alappuzha in the state of Kerala, India. Monkombu, part of the Kuttanad delta region popularly mentioned as  'Rice bowl of Kerala'; is one of the major paddy cultivation regions of the state.

Its unique geography embodied by Vembanad Lake, inter-linked Pamba River, Manimala River and Achankovil river systems, gives rise to islands, back waters, network of waterways and canals, below sea-level paddy fields and  marsh. The farmers here have met the challenges of below sea-level cultivation over two centuries.

Annual festivals, auspicious rites  and religious events at Mankombu Bhagavathi Devi temple, St. Pius Church and Pope John Paul Church are occasions for social communion, rejoicing and celebration.

Once a prosperous hamlet of hundreds of households, Mankombu today is ravaged by climate change, pollution and dwindling population.
4-Carboxybenzaldehyde
4-Carboxybenzaldehyde (CBA) is an organic compound with the formula OCHC6H4CO2H.  It consists of a benzene ring substituted with both an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid, with these functional groups on opposite corners of the ring.  This compound is formed in 0.5% yield as a byproduct in the production terephthalic acid from p-xylene. Since approximately 40,000,000 tons of terephthalic acid are produced per year, CBA is a relatively large scale industrial chemical.

Terephthalic acid
Terephthalic acid is an organic compound with formula C6H4(CO2H)2. This white solid is a commodity chemical, used principally as a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Several million tons are produced annually. The common name is derived from the turpentine-producing tree Pistacia terebinthus and phthalic acid.

Terephthalic acid is also used in the production of PBT plastic (polybutylene terephthalate).
Mahoning Valley Scrappers
The Mahoning Valley Scrappers are a collegiate summer baseball team of the MLB Draft League. They are located in Niles, Ohio, a city in the valley of the Mahoning River, and play their home games at 7 17 Credit Union Field at Eastwood. From 1999 to 2020, they were a Minor League Baseball team that played as members of the New York–Penn League. The club was the Class A Short Season affiliate of the Cleveland Indians from its inception until Major League Baseball's reorganization of the minors following the 2020 season.

In 2004, the Scrappers won the New York–Penn League championship.

Class A Short Season
Class A Short Season (officially Short-Season A) was a level of play in Minor League Baseball in the United States from 1965 through 2020. In the hierarchy of minor league classifications, it was below Triple-A, Double-A, Class A-Advanced (created in 1990), and Class A. Teams in Class A Short Season played about 75 to 80 games per season, compared to the 130- to 140-game seasons of most professional baseball minor leagues.

As part of the 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues, Class A Short Season was eliminated along with its two leagues, the New York–Penn League and Northwest League. Nine of the 22 active short-season teams were organized into new leagues at the High-A classification level.
Nanyao Temple
The Nanyao Temple (traditional Chinese: 南瑤宮; simplified Chinese: 南瑶宫; pinyin: Nányáo Gōng) is a Mazu temple in Nanyao Village, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan. It is designated as a third grade historic building.

Changhua
Changhua (Hokkien POJ: Chiong-hòa or Chiang-hòa), officially known as Changhua City, is a county-administered city and the county seat of Changhua County in Taiwan. For many centuries the site was home to a settlement of Babuza people, a coastal tribe of Taiwanese aborigines. Changhua city is ranked first by population among county-administered cities. It is part of the Taichung–Changhua metropolitan area, which is the second largest in Taiwan.

Historically, Changhua city was a base for the Han Chinese when they invaded Taiwan against the Taiwanese aborigines, constructing a fortress built out of bamboo. Changhua has a nickname of "Bamboo Town".

Changhua is best known for its landmark Great Buddha Statue of Baguashan. At 26 metres tall, the statue sits atop Bagua Mountain overlooking the city. The main walkway up to the giant is lined with statues of figures from Buddhist lore. Another site of interest is Taiwan's oldest temple honoring Confucius.