hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Equation of state
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of pure substances and mixtures in liquids, gases, and solid states as well as the state of matter in the interior of stars. Though there are many equations of state, none accurately predicts properties of substances under all conditions. The quest for a universal equation of state has spanned three centuries.

Heat capacity ratio
In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (CP) to heat capacity at constant volume (CV). It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is denoted by γ (gamma) for an ideal gas or κ (kappa), the isentropic exponent for a real gas. The symbol γ is used by aerospace and chemical engineers.

where C is the heat capacity,  the molar heat capacity (heat capacity per mole), and c the specific heat capacity (heat capacity per unit mass) of a gas. The suffixes P and V refer to constant-pressure and constant-volume conditions respectively.

The heat capacity ratio is important for its applications in thermodynamical reversible processes, especially involving ideal gases; the speed of sound depends on this factor.
History of rail transport in Mauritius
The history of rail transport in Mauritius began in the 1860s. The Mauritian rail network was quickly built and it soon provided service to most of the island. It was a key factor in the social-economic development of Mauritius during its period of operation.  However, due to persistent unprofitability from 1948 to 1953, it was closed in 1964. In 2019, the Metro Express light rail system opened, bringing rail passenger traffic back to Mauritius.

Metro Express (Mauritius)
The Metro Express is a light rail public transport system in Mauritius.

The route runs between the capital Port Louis in the district of the same name and the cities of the Plaines Wilhems District, with an additional branch running between the city of Rose Hill and the University of Mauritius at Réduit.
Anthrocon
Anthrocon (abbreviated AC) is an annual furry convention that takes place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, each June or July. It caters to furries, which are fans of fictional anthropomorphic animal characters in art and literature. The convention was first held in 1997 in Albany, New York, and moved multiple times before settling at the David L. Lawrence Convention Center. Since moving to Pittsburgh in 2006, the convention has drawn millions in financing to the local economy.

Anthrocon is among the most attended furry conventions in history, peaking at 18,357 in 2025.

Furry convention
A furry convention (also furry con or fur con) is a formal gathering of members of the furry fandom – people who are interested in the concept of fictional non-human animal characters with human characteristics. These conventions provide a place for fans to meet, exchange ideas, transact business and engage in entertainment and recreation centered on this concept. Originating in California during the mid-1980s, as of 2016 there are over 50 furry conventions worldwide each year.

Furry conventions offer a range of volunteer-led programming, usually focusing on anthropomorphic art, crafts, music and literature. Many raise money for charity. Attendees often dress up in fursuits and wear artistic name badges for identification, though the majority do not. They may also spend money on the work of amateur and professional artists, both directly and at auction.
Zogbodomey
Zogbodomey  or Zogbodomè (both pronounced [zɔ.gbɔ.dɔ.mɛ]) is a town, arrondissement, and commune in the Zou Department of south-western Benin. The commune covers an area of 600 square kilometres and as of 2002 had a population of 72,338 people.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Kanal Kannan
Kanal Kannan (born as V. Kannan) is an Indian actor, action choreographer and screenwriter who works in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. He has worked with actors Ajith Kumar, Vijay,  [Simbu] Suriya, Vishal, Arjun, R. Sarath Kumar, Mammootty and Prithviraj Sukumaran in many films.

Stunt coordinators including Stun Shiva, Peter Hein, Anal Arasu, K. Ganesh Kumar, Silva, Rajasekhar, Hari Dinesh, Supreme Sundar, T. Ramesh and Thunder Jeeva have worked as fighters and assistants to him.

Anal Arasu
Anal Arasu (born as C. M. A. Arasakumar) is an Indian fight master/action choreographer, who works in the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi film industries. He started his career as an extra fighter and assistant to stunt masters including Rambo Rajkumar, Judo. K. K. Rathnam, Vikram Dharma, Jaguar Thangam, Kanal Kannan, Stun Siva and Peter Hein. His work has received critical acclaim.

Influenced by his father, C. M. Arasu, who had done several movies in the 1980s, Arasu stated that he always wanted to be an "action man". Chatrapathy was his first film. He has since gone to collaborate with director Prabhu Deva for the action films Vedi (2011) and Rowdy Rathore (2012). He worked with A. R. Murugadoss for Kaththi (2014) and S. Shankar for I (2015).
China Unicom
China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd., doing business as China Unicom, is a Chinese state-owned telecommunications operator. Originally founded in 1994 as a wireless paging and GSM mobile operator, it currently provides a range of services including mobile network, long-distance & local calling, data communication, Internet services, digital television, and IP telephony. As of 2022, China Unicom is the third-largest wireless carrier in China and the sixth largest mobile provider in the world.

Telefónica
Telefónica, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [teleˈfonika]) is a Spanish multinational telecommunications company. It has headquarters as well as a registered office in Madrid, Spain. It is one of the largest telephone operators and mobile network providers in the world. It provides fixed and mobile telephony, broadband, and subscription television, operating in Europe and the Americas.

Along with its Telefónica brand, it also trades as Movistar, O2, and Vivo. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. On 15 April 2012, Telefónica shut down TVA and Ajacto, which unified the brand into Vivo.
TidalWave Productions
TidalWave Productions (previously known as Bluewater Productions, StormFront Media/Publishing & Storm Entertainment) is an independent production studio of comic books and graphic novels. Based in Portland, Oregon, United States, Bluewater publishes biographical comics, adaptations from films, and original titles with self-created characters.

Tenth Muse
Tenth Muse (also 10th Muse) is an independent superhero comic book series about a modern-day daughter of the Greek god Zeus. It was created in 2000 by Darren G. Davis and originally written by Marv Wolfman.

Several real-life models served as inspiration for the main character, starting with Rena Mero at launch, then later Cindy Margolis or Farrah Fawcett.

The property was optioned for a TV show in 2002. Darren Davis told to Nicholas Yanes of Scifipulse.net that he was interested in having his property developed as a television series at The CW and expressed to see Katie Cassidy to play the lead role.
Xupu County
Xupu County (simplified Chinese: 溆浦县; traditional Chinese: 溆浦縣; pinyin: Xùpǔ Xiàn) is a county of Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of Huaihua Prefecture-level City.

Located on the west central Hunan, the county is bordered to the north by Yuanling County, to the northeast by Anhua County, to the east by Xinhua and Longhui Counties, to the south by Dongkou County, and to the west by Hongjiang City, Zhongfang and Chenxi Counties. Xupu County covers an area of 3,440.10 km2 (1,328.23 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 932,400 and a resident population of 752,400. Xupu County has 18 towns under its jurisdiction, the government seat is the town of Lufeng (卢峰镇).

The Xu River (溆水) flows through the built-up area where it is joined by the Sandu River (三都河). Some kilometers downstream it joins the Yuan River.

Lufeng, Xupu
27°54′41″N 110°35′22″E﻿ / ﻿27.91139°N 110.58944°E﻿ / 27.91139; 110.58944
Lufeng Town (Chinese: 卢峰镇; pinyin: Lúfēng Zhèn) is a town and the county seat of Xupu County in Hunan, China. The town is located in the middle region of the county. It was reformed to merge Zhongxia Township (Chinese: 仲夏乡) and the former Lufeng Town on November 19, 2015. It has an area of 186 km2 (72 sq mi) with a population of 160,500 (as of the end of 2015). Its seat of local government is at Shengli Community (Chinese: 胜利社区).
Virginia Dwan
Virginia Dwan (October 18, 1931 – September 5, 2022) was an American art collector, art patron, philanthropist, and founder of the Dwan Light Sanctuary in Montezuma, New Mexico. She was the owner and executive director of Dwan Gallery, Los Angeles (1959–1967) and Dwan Gallery New York (1965–1971), a contemporary art gallery closely identified with the American movements of minimalism, conceptualism, and land art.

Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer (born 1944) is an American land artist specializing in large-scale and site-specific sculptures. Working largely outside the confines of the traditional art spaces of galleries and museums, Heizer has redefined sculpture in terms of size, mass, gesture, and process. A pioneer of 20th-century land art or Earthworks movement, he is widely recognized for sculptures and environmental structures made with earth-moving equipment, which he began creating in the American West in 1967. He currently lives and works in Hiko, Nevada, and New York City.
Paresi language
Paresi (also called Haliti-Paresi or Paresi-Haliti by the speakers themselves) is an Arawakan language spoken in Brazil. There are approximately 2000 Paresi people, and around 1800 (~90% of the population) speak the language. The Paresi live in the state of Mato Grosso, more specifically in nine indigenous territories: Rio Formoso, Utiariti, Estação Parecis, Estivadinho, Pareci, Juininha, Figueira, Ponte de Pedra, and Uirapuru. In terms of endangerment, it is not in immediate danger. It is used in many everyday domains, but there is a lack of transmission to younger generations, as well as an evident language shift to Portuguese. This is a result of Portuguese being used in education and healthcare, as well as the integration of Brazilian culture among the Paresi people, creating changes in their language and cultural practices.

Arawakan languages
Arawakan (Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper), also known as Maipurean (also Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre), is a language family spoken among various Indigenous peoples in South America. Branches migrated to Central America and the Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Most present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, with the exceptions of Ecuador, Uruguay, and Chile. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical Macro-Arawakan stock.
Nishitetsu Tenjin Ōmuta Line
The Nishitetsu Tenjin Ōmuta Line (西鉄天神大牟田線, Nishitetsu Tenjin Ōmuta sen) is a railway line in Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan. It is the main line of the private railway company Nishi-Nippon Railroad (Nishitetsu). The line connects Nishitetsu Fukuoka (Tenjin) Station in Chūō-ku, Fukuoka with Ōmuta Station in Ōmuta. Until 2000, the line was called the Nishitetsu Ōmuta Line (西鉄大牟田線, Ōmuta sen).

Nishi-Nippon Railroad
The Nishi-Nippon Railroad Company, Ltd. (西日本鉄道株式会社, Nishinippon Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), also called Nishitetsu (西鉄) or NNR, TYO: 9031 is one of Japan's "Big 16" private railroad companies. With headquarters in Fukuoka, it operates local and highway buses, supermarkets, real estate and travel agencies, as well as railways in Fukuoka Prefecture. It also owns the Chikuhō Electric Railroad.

In addition, in 1943 the company owned the Nishitetsu Baseball Club, a team in the Japanese Baseball League. From 1950 to 1972, the company owned the Lions (in 1950, known as the Clippers), a Pacific League baseball team.

The company introduced nimoca, a smart card ticketing system, in May 2008.
2023 Chengdu Open
The 2023 Chengdu Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 5th edition of the Chengdu Open (the first since 2019 after intervening editions were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China) and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2023 ATP Tour. It took place at the Sichuan International Tennis Center in Chengdu, China, from 20 to 26 September 2023.

2023 ATP Tour
The 2023 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2023 tennis season. The 2023 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the United Cup, the ATP 500 series, the ATP 250 series. Also included in the 2023 calendar were the Davis Cup (organised by the ITF), Next Gen ATP Finals, Laver Cup,  Hopman Cup (sanctioned by the ITF), none of which distributed ranking points. 2023 marked the return of the ATP tournaments in China after strict COVID-19 protocols in the country.
Drakes Bay Oyster Company
Drakes Bay Oyster Company was an oyster farm and restaurant formerly located at the shoreline and in Drakes Estero at 38°04'57.3"N 122°55'55.0"W, a bay within Point Reyes National Seashore, on the West Marin coast of Marin County, in Northern California, United States. In 2011, the lease for the business operation was not renewed at the direction of the United States Secretary of the Interior. After a two-year court battle, the business was terminated in December 2014, and Drakes Estero was cleared of the offshore racks and onshore structures, with the work completed in 2017.

Drakes Estero
Drakes Estero is an expansive estuary in the Point Reyes National Seashore of Marin County on the Pacific coast of northern California in the United States, approximately 25 miles (40 km) northwest of San Francisco.
Raymond Fonsèque
Raymond Fonsèque (born November 27, 1930, Paris – November 19, 2011) was a French jazz trombonist and tubaist.

Fonsèque studied cello and piano formally, then switched to trombone at age 17 under André Hodeir. In the 1950s and 1960s he performed widely with early jazz and blues musicians, including Lil Armstrong, Sidney Bechet, Big Bill Broonzy, Don Byas, Peanuts Holland, and Nelson Williams. He also played with French bandleaders such as Michel Attenoux, Claude Bolling, Jacques Hélian, and Claude Luter, and worked in contemporary idioms with Jacques Denjean, Raymond LeSénéchal, Bobby Jaspar, and Tony Proteau. Later in his career he played with Cat Anderson, Bill Coleman, Wallace Davenport, and François Guin.

Fonsèque advocated for a double equal temperament called super temperament with 24 notes per octave, allowing to play thirds according to just intonation.

François Guin
François Guin (born May 18, 1938, in Contres) is a French jazz musician and bandleader.

Guin is a musical polymath, having learned violin, piano, voice, trombone, trumpet, and flute. As a trumpeter, he worked with Marc Laferrière in 1957, then switched to trombone to work with Raymond Fonsèque from 1959 to 1962. During this time he also played with Christian Chevallier, Jacques Denjean, Jacques Hélian, and Daniel Janin. Later in the 1960s he worked with Duke Ellington, Luis Fuentes, Michel Legrand, and Gerry Mulligan. In the 1970s, he played with Bill Coleman and Claude Bolling, and led his own ensemble, Four Bones, which was formed in 1967 and continued into the 1990s. Late in the 1970s he played in Les Petits Français with Moustache and Georges Brassens. In 1985 he took a position as a pedagogue at the Châteauroux conservatory, remaining there until 1997.
Tiraios II
Tiraios II was a king who ruled from about 79/78 to 49/48 BC the state of Characene, a vassal state of the Parthians.

Like most kings of Characene he is known only from numismatic sources, in his case his silver and bronze coins.

He was also mentioned by Lucian of Samosata, who says of him that he lived till 92.

His coinage indicates he was hellenised. He was the first king of Charakene to call himself Soter.

One of his coins overstrikes a coin of a king Hippokrates Autokrator Nikephoros. The latter might be an usurpator in the Charakene.

Characene
Characene (Ancient Greek: Χαρακηνή), also known as Mesene (Μεσσήνη) or Meshan, was a kingdom founded by the Iranian Hyspaosines located at the head of the Persian Gulf mostly within modern day Iraq. Its capital, Charax Spasinou (Χάραξ Σπασινού), was an important port for trade between Mesopotamia and India, and also provided port facilities for the city of Susa further up the Karun River. The kingdom was frequently a vassal of the Parthian Empire. Characene was mainly populated by Arabs, who spoke Aramaic as their cultural language. All rulers of the principality had Iranian names. Members of the Arsacid dynasty also ruled the state.
Natali Vineyards
Natali Vineyards is a winery in the Goshen section of Middle Township (mailing address is Cape May Court House) in Cape May County, New Jersey, USA. Formerly a pasture for horses, the vineyard was first planted in 2001, and opened to the public in 2007. Natali has seven acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 1,800 cases of wine per year. The winery is named after the vintner and co-owner of the winery.

Middle Township, New Jersey
Middle Township is a township in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township, and all of Cape May County, is part of the Ocean City metropolitan statistical area, and is part of the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area, also known as the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 20,380, its highest decennial census count ever and an increase of 1,469 (+7.8%) from the 2010 census count of 18,911, which in turn had reflected an increase of 2,506 (+15.3%) from the 16,405 counted at the 2000 census. The township's Cape May Court House section is the county seat of Cape May County.
Devils Tower
Devils Tower (also known as Matȟó Thípila or Bear Lodge) is a laccolithic butte, composed of igneous rock in the Bear Lodge Ranger District of the Black Hills, near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County, northeastern Wyoming, above the Belle Fourche River. It rises 1,267 feet (386 m) above the Belle Fourche River, standing 867 ft (264 m) from summit to base. The summit is 5,112 ft (1,558 m) above sea level.

Devils Tower National Monument was the first United States national monument, established on September 24, 1906, by President Theodore Roosevelt. The monument's boundary encloses an area of 1,347 acres (545 ha).

Richard Irving Dodge
Richard Irving Dodge (May 19, 1827 – June 16, 1895) was a colonel in the United States Army.
Dodge was born in North Carolina and died after a long and successful career in the U.S. Army.  He began as a cadet in 1844 and retired as a Colonel May 19, 1891.

Dodge was Aide-De-Camp to General William Tecumseh Sherman from 1881 to 1882.  In the second publishing of his memoirs General Sherman wrote, "... the vacancy made by Colonel McCook was filled by Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Irving Dodge, Twenty-third Infantry then serving at a cantonment on the Upper Canadian—an officer who had performed cheerfully and well a full measure of frontier service, was a capital sportsman, and of a perfect war record.  He also remained with me until his promotion as Colonel of the Eleventh Infantry, 26 January 1882."
Luitpold Tower
The Luitpold Tower (German: Luitpoldturm or Luitpoldsturm) was erected in 1909 on the summit of one of the highest hills in the Palatine Forest, the 610-metre-high Weißenberg as an observation tower. It is made of bunter sandstone.

Palatinate Forest
The Palatinate Forest (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfälzerwald [ˈpfɛltsɐvalt] ⓘ), sometimes also called the Palatine Forest, is a low-mountain region in southwestern Germany, located in the Palatinate in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The forest is a designated nature park (German: Naturpark Pfälzerwald) covering 1,771 km2 and its highest elevation is the Kalmit (672.6 m).

Together with the northern part of the adjacent Vosges Mountains in France it forms the UNESCO-designated Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve.
Radio Disney Music Award for Fiercest Fans
The Radio Disney Music Award for Fiercest Fans was first introduced in 2013. Initially titled So FANtastic –  Fiercest Fans, the award was later shortened to Fiercest Fans as of the 2015 edition. Nominees and winners are determined solely through fan votes cast via Radio Disney's official website, as well as on Facebook and Twitter.

Radio Disney Music Awards
The Radio Disney Music Awards (also known as the ARDYs or RDMA) were an annual awards show operated by the American children's radio network Radio Disney. Beginning in 2001, the show was originally broadcast on Radio Disney only until 2007, when the awards show went on hiatus before returning in 2013. In 2014, it began to be televised on Disney Channel.

In 2019, the awards ceremony was renamed the "ARDYs". No awards ceremony was held in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, although a pre-recorded "ARDYs Summer Playlist" special aired that year. After Disney announced in December 2020 that Radio Disney would be shut down in the first quarter of 2021, with the network officially shutting down on April 14, 2021, the awards ceremony was quietly discontinued.
Swedish whist
Swedish whist (Swedish: svensk whist), also called Fyrmanswhist ("Four-hand whist") or, regionally, just whist, is a Swedish trick-taking card game. Knowing four-player whist is useful for playing other card games because it was the prototype for trick-taking games.

Glossary of card game terms
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of other common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary are not game-specific (e.g. specific to bridge, hearts, poker or rummy), but apply to a wide range of card games played with non-proprietary packs. It should not include terms solely related to casino or banking games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries.