hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dual number
In algebra, the dual numbers are a quadratic algebra first introduced in the 19th century. They are expressions of the form a + bε, where a and b are real numbers, and ε is a symbol taken to satisfy  with .

Dual numbers can be added component-wise, and multiplied by the formula

which follows from the property ε2 = 0 and the fact that multiplication is a bilinear operation.

The dual numbers form a commutative algebra of dimension two over the reals, and also an Artinian local ring. They are one of the simplest examples of a ring that has nonzero nilpotent elements.

William Kingdon Clifford
William Kingdon Clifford (4 May 1845 – 3 March 1879) was a British mathematician and philosopher. Building on the work of Hermann Grassmann, he introduced what is now termed geometric algebra. This is a special case of what later became known as the Clifford algebra, which was named in his honour. The operations of geometric algebra have the effect of mirroring, rotating, translating, and mapping the geometric objects that are being modelled to new positions. Clifford algebras in general and geometric algebra in particular have been of ever increasing importance to mathematical physics, geometry, and computing. Clifford was the first to suggest that gravitation might be a manifestation of an underlying geometry. In his philosophical writings he coined the expression mind-stuff.
Tegel
Tegel (German: [ˈteːɡl̩] ⓘ) is a locality (Ortsteil) in the Berlin borough of Reinickendorf on the shore of Lake Tegel. The Tegel locality, the second largest in area (after Köpenick) of the 96 Berlin districts, also includes the neighbourhood of Saatwinkel.

Reinickendorf
Reinickendorf (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnɪkn̩ˌdɔʁf] ⓘ) is the twelfth borough of Berlin. It encompasses the northwest of the city area, including the Berlin Tegel Airport, Lake Tegel, spacious settlements of detached houses as well as housing estates like Märkisches Viertel.
1945 in film
The year 1945 in film involved some significant events. With 1945 being the last year of World War II, the many films released this year had themes of patriotism, sacrifices, and peace. In the United States, there were more than eighteen thousand movie theatres operating in 1945, a figure that grew by a third from a decade earlier.

1958 in film
The year 1958 in film in the US involved some significant events, including the hit musicals South Pacific and Gigi, the latter of which won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director.
Cammarata
Cammarata is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Agrigento on the eponymous mountain Mount Cammarata, which has an elevation 1,578 metres (5,177 ft) above sea level in a territory rich in forests.

Cammarata borders the following municipalities: Acquaviva Platani, Casteltermini, Castronovo di Sicilia, Mussomeli, San Giovanni Gemini, Santo Stefano Quisquina, Vallelunga Pratameno, Villalba.

San Giovanni Gemini
San Giovanni Gemini (Sicilian: San Giuvanni) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Agrigento.
Meadowmont, North Carolina
Meadowmont is a mixed-use community in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, which contains the Meadowmont House and Meadowmont Village, among other notable locations, in addition to residential areas, shopping, and office space and has been profiled in recent years in local periodicals such as Chapel Hill Magazine.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapel Hill is a town in the counties of Orange and Durham, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 61,960 in the 2020 United States census, making Chapel Hill the 17th-most populous municipality in the state. Chapel Hill and Durham make up the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 608,879 in 2023. When it is combined with Raleigh, the state capital, they make up the corners of the Research Triangle (officially the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area), which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.

The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street, covering 21.3 square miles (55 km2). It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence. Local artists have created many murals in the town.
John P. Lucas
Major General John Porter Lucas (January 14, 1890 – December 24, 1949) was a senior officer of the United States Army who saw service in World War I and World War II. He is most remembered for being the commander of VI Corps during the Battle of Anzio (codenamed Operation Shingle) in early 1944 during the Italian campaign of World War II.

United States Army North
The United States Army North (ARNORTH) is a formation of the United States Army. An Army Service Component Command (ASCC) subordinate to United States Northern Command (NORTHCOM), ARNORTH is the joint force land component of NORTHCOM. ARNORTH is responsible for homeland defense and defense support of civil authorities.  ARNORTH is headquartered at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
Redesignated ARNORTH in 2004, it was first activated in early January 1943 as the United States Fifth Army, under the command of Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark.
Vvedensky Municipal Okrug
Vvedensky Municipal Okrug (Russian: Введе́нский муниципа́льный о́круг), formerly Municipal Okrug #58 (муниципа́льный о́круг № 58), is a municipal okrug of Petrogradsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population: 19,778 (2010 census); 21,374 (2002 census).

The okrug borders Bolshoy Avenue in the north, Vvdenskaya Street in the east, Kronverksky Avenue in the southeast, and Malaya Neva in the southwest.

Petrogradsky District
59°57′N 30°18′E﻿ / ﻿59.950°N 30.300°E﻿ / 59.950; 30.300

Petrogradsky District (Russian: Петрогра́дский райо́н) is a district of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. It borders the Bolshaya Nevka River in the north and in the east, the Neva River in the south, and areas around the Malaya Neva River in the west. District's population: 130,455 (2010 Census); 134,607 (2002 Census).

Petrogradsky District comprises the following municipal okrugs:

Aptekarsky Ostrov

Chkalovskoye

Kronverkskoye

Petrovsky

Posadsky

Vvedensky
Type IIA supergravity
In supersymmetry, type IIA supergravity is the unique supergravity in ten dimensions with two supercharges of opposite chirality. It was first constructed in 1984 by a dimensional reduction of eleven-dimensional supergravity on a circle. The other supergravities in ten dimensions are type IIB supergravity, which has two supercharges of the same chirality, and type I supergravity, which has a single supercharge. In 1986 a deformation of the theory was discovered which gives mass to one of the fields and is known as massive type IIA supergravity. Type IIA supergravity plays a very important role in string theory as it is the low-energy limit of type IIA string theory.

Type II string theory
In theoretical physics, type II string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings theories. Type II string theory accounts for two of the five consistent superstring theories in ten dimensions. Both theories have  extended supersymmetry which is maximal amount of supersymmetry — namely 32 supercharges — in ten dimensions. Both theories are based on oriented closed strings. On the worldsheet, they differ only in the choice of GSO projection. They were first discovered by Michael Green and John Henry Schwarz in 1982, with the terminology of type I and type II coined to classify the three string theories known at the time.
Omorginae
Omorginae is a subfamily of beetles in the family Trogidae which includes extant species and extinct beetle species from the Lower Cretaceous. The subfamily contains the following genera:

†Cretomorgus Nikolajev, 2007

Omorgus Erichson, 1847

Polynoncus Burmeister, 1876

Cretomorgus
Cretomorgus ikhbogdensis is an extinct, fossil species of hide beetle that lived in modern-day Mongolia during the Lower Cretaceous, approximately 112 million years ago, making it the earliest preserved species of the subfamily Omorginae. C. ikhbogdensis is the sole species of the genus Cretomorgus.
Murnau am Staffelsee
Murnau am Staffelsee (often shortened to Murnau) is a market town in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in the Oberbayern region of Bavaria, Germany.

The market originated in the 12th century around Murnau Castle. Murnau is on the edge of the Bavarian Alps, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Munich. Directly to its west is the Staffelsee lake and to the south are the peaks and ridges of the Ammergau Alps beginning with the Hörnle and extending up to the Ettaler Manndl, southwest of the Wetterstein. This mountain range is formed by the Zugspitze and the Alpspitze in the south as well as the Estergebirge with their striking Kistenkar and the Walchensee mountains including Heimgarten and Herzogstand in the southeast.

To the south, the  is the largest continuous wetland of its kind in Central Europe.

Staffelsee
The Staffelsee is a lake in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district of Bavaria, Germany. The settlements of Murnau, Seehausen and Uffing lie on its shores. Within its 7 km2 (2.7 sq mi) area lie seven islands, the largest and only inhabited of which is Wörth. 
Wörth was the site of Staffelsee abbey, a Carolingian monastery founded in the 8th century and dissolved in the 11th century.

Boat trips aboard the MS Seehausen (built 2009) connect the landing stages of Seehausen, Uffing and Achele (Murnau) between April and October. The surface of the lake is, on average, 649 metres (2,129 ft) above sea level, and at its deepest it is around 40 metres (130 ft) deep.

The main inflow and outflow of the lake is the River Ach, which enters from the west and departs to the north.

The northeastern part of the lake is known as Untersee, the southeastern part as Stegsee and the southwestern part as Obersee (see map below).
Oirase River
The Oirase River (奥入瀬川, Oirase-gawa) is a river located in eastern Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.

The Oirase River is the only river that drains Lake Towada, a large caldera lake that lies on the border of Aomori and Akita Prefectures. The river flows in a generally eastern direction, through the municipalities of Towada, Rokunohe, Oirase, and Hachinohe before exiting into the Pacific Ocean. The upper reaches of the river form a scenic gorge with numerous rapids and waterfalls, and is one of the major tourist attractions of the Towada-Hachimantai National Park. The lower reaches of the river are used extensively for irrigation.

In 1996 the sound of flowing water at the Oirase River was selected by the Ministry of the Environment as one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan.

Oirase
Oirase (おいらせ町, Oirase-chō) is a town located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2025, the town had an estimated population of 25,026 in 11218 households, and a population density of 348 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 71.96 square kilometres (27.78 sq mi).
Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.

Rinyirru (Lakefield) National Park
Rinyirru (Lakefield) is a national park in Lakefield, Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia, 1,707 km northwest of Brisbane and 340 km north-west of Cairns by road, on Cape York Peninsula. At 5,370 km2 (2,073 sq. miles) - making it bigger than Trinidad and Tobago and almost as big as Brunei - Rinyirru is the second largest park in Queensland and a popular place for fishing and camping.

The park stretches from Princess Charlotte Bay in the north to the town of Laura. It covers 537,000 ha of land, and includes sections of the Normanby River, Morehead River and North Kennedy Rivers, as well as lakes, billabongs and wetlands. There are more than 100 permanent riverine lagoons in the park.

There is one main, unsealed road (Lakefield Road) through the park but it is impassable through much of the wet season, when the park closes. There is a ranger station within the park which can assist with information or give help in emergencies.
Ossoli Circle
The Ossoli Circle is a women's club located in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States.  Founded in 1885 as a literary society, the club is a charter member of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, and the first federated women's club in the South.  Ossoli has long played an active role in obtaining economic and educational opportunities for women in Tennessee, and its members campaigned for the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment (giving women the right to vote) in the early 1900s.  The club currently sponsors over two dozen projects and organizations.

General Federation of Women's Clubs
The General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC), founded in 1890 during the Progressive Movement, is a federation of approximately 2,300 women's clubs in the United States which promote civic improvements through volunteer service. Community Service Projects (CSP) are organized by local clubs for the benefit of their communities or GFWC's Affiliate Organization (AO) partnerships. GFWC maintains nearly 60,000 members throughout the United States and internationally.  GFWC is one of the world's largest and oldest nonpartisan, nondenominational, women's volunteer service organizations. The GFWC headquarters is located in Washington, D.C.
Isabel of Beaumont
Isabel de Beaumont, Duchess of Lancaster, of the House of Brienne (c. 1318 – 1361) was an English-French noblewoman. She was the youngest daughter and child of Henry de Beaumont, Earl of Buchan and Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan.

Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan
Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan, Lady Beaumont (1289 – 3 July 1349) was a Scottish noblewoman, a member of the powerful Comyn family which supported the Balliols, claimants to the disputed Scottish throne against their rivals, the Bruces. She was the niece of John Comyn, Earl of Buchan, to whom she was also heiress, and after his death the Earldom of Buchan was successfully claimed by her husband Henry de Beaumont, Earl of Buchan, by right of his wife. His long struggle to claim her Earldom of Buchan was one of the causes of the Second War of Scottish Independence.

Alice was the maternal grandmother of Blanche of Lancaster, and thus great-grandmother of King Henry IV of England.

She was an attendant at the court of Isabella of France.
Rokuhara Tandai
Rokuhara Tandai (六波羅探題) was the post of the chiefs of the Kamakura shogunate in imperial capital Kyoto whose agency, the Rokuhara (六波羅), kept responsibility for security in Kinai and judicial affairs on western Japan, and negotiated with the imperial court.  Despite keeping security, the Rokuhara were also a sort of secret police and widely feared.

Rokuhara Tandai was set up after the Jōkyū Incident in 1221. The two chiefs were called Kitakata (北方) and Minamikata (南方), respectively. Kitakata was higher-ranking than Minamikata. Like shikken and rensho, both posts were monopolized by the powerful Hōjō clan. The agency was destroyed with the fall of Kamakura shogunate in 1333.

Shikken
The shikken (執権; Japanese pronunciation: [ɕi̥k.keɴ]) was a senior government post held by members of the Hōjō clan, officially a regent of the shogunate. From 1199 to 1333, during the Kamakura period, the shikken served as the head of the bakufu (shogun's government). This era was referred to as Regent Rule (執権政治, Shikken Seiji).

During roughly the first half of that period, the shikken was the de facto military dictator of Japan (excluding the independent Northern Fujiwara). In 1256 the title of shikken was relegated to the second in command of the Tokusō (a separate rank also monopolized by the Hojō clan). By the Muromachi period (1333–1573) the position, though not abolished, had lost much of its power and was no longer considered as one of the top ranks. The position was abolished after the Muromachi period.
WBKR
WBKR (92.5 FM) is an American radio station broadcasting a country music format. The station is licensed to Owensboro, Kentucky. Its powerful 100,000-watt signal covers much of northwest Kentucky and southwest Indiana, including the Evansville area. The station is owned by Townsquare Media. The station transmits from a tower located near Utica on Kentucky Route 140. The studios are located at 3301 Frederica Street in Owensboro.

Owensboro, Kentucky
Owensboro is a home rule-class city in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is also the county seat. It is the fourth-most populous city in the state. Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about 107 miles (172 km) southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The 2020 census had its population at 60,183. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506. The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018, and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas.
One Canada Square
One Canada Square is a skyscraper in Canary Wharf, London. It is the third tallest building in the United Kingdom at 770 feet (235 m) above ground level, and contains 50 floors. It achieved the title of the tallest building in the UK upon completion in 1991 and held the title for 21 years until the completion of The Shard (310m) in 2012.

César Pelli
César Pelli (October 12, 1926 – July 19, 2019) was an Argentine-American architect who designed some of the world's tallest buildings and other major urban landmarks. Three of his most notable buildings are the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, the World Financial Center in New York City, and the Salesforce Tower in San Francisco. The American Institute of Architects named him one of the ten most influential living American architects in 1991 and awarded him the AIA Gold Medal in 1995. In 2008, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat presented him with The Lynn S. Beedle Lifetime Achievement Award.
Santiago Roncagliolo
Santiago Rafael Roncagliolo Lohmann (born March 29, 1975) is a Peruvian writer, screenwriter, translator and journalist. He has written five novels about fear. He is also author of a trilogy of non-fiction books on Latin America during the twentieth century.

He is the son of the diplomat and politician, Rafael Roncagliolo (1944–2021), who was the Minister of foreign affairs of Peru from 2011 to 2013.

Rafael Roncagliolo
Fortunato Rafael Roncagliolo de Orbegoso (14 November 1944 – 1 May 2021) was a Peruvian sociologist, diplomat, and politician. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under President Ollanta Humala from 28 July 2011 until he resigned on 14 May 2013, after the diplomatic crisis with Venezuela and the government of Nicolás Maduro.He later served as Ambassador to Spain from 2015 to 2016. He died on 1 May 2021, from COVID-19.
Speaker of the Legislative Council of Brunei
The Speaker of the Legislative Council of Brunei (Malay: Yang Di-Pertua Majlis Mesyuarat Negara) is a pivotal figure in the governance process, responsible for managing the proceedings and voting within the council, ensuring transparency in legislative decisions. Appointed by the Head of State, the Speaker ranks fourth in the state hierarchy and does not assume the role of interim head of state during transitions. This position is vital for maintaining democratic principles and accountability within Brunei's legislative framework.

Legislative Council of Brunei
The Legislative Council of Brunei (Malay: Majlis Mesyuarat Negara Brunei; Jawi: مجليس مشوارت نڬارا بروني‎; abbrev: LegCo) is the unicameral legislature of Brunei. As of the most recent composition, the Council consists of 34 members, including cabinet ministers who serve ex officio, all of whom are appointed by the Sultan. The Sultan of Brunei, who also serves as Prime Minister, holds full executive authority under the Constitution of 1959, which grants him extensive powers, including emergency authority first invoked in 1962.

The Council convenes annually, typically in March, at its building in Bandar Seri Begawan. Proceedings are presided over by the Speaker of the Council, who is also appointed by the Sultan. While the Council's role is largely consultative, it participates in legislative processes including the review of national budgets, the introduction and passage of bills, and the discussion of government policy.
Barasat Government College
Barasat Government College (BGC) is a state Government-owned college in Barasat, North 24 Parganas in the Indian state of West Bengal. The college was established in 1950 and is affiliated with the West Bengal State University and run by the Government of West Bengal. It was formerly affiliated with the University of Calcutta. It is a NAAC accredited with "A" grade & DST-FST sponsored college.

The college has two "shifts"- morning and day. The morning shift accommodates the Undergraduate general courses in arts and sciences, and the day shift is for Honours Undergraduates and Postgraduates in botany (which was established in 2003), zoology, physics, chemistry, and Bengali.

Barasat
Barasat is a city and a municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of Barasat Sadar subdivision. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
Yuchang Highway
Yuchang Highway is a section of Provincial Highway 30, started from Yuli, Hualien and ended in Changbin, Taitung. This highway passes through Hai'an Range from pacific coast to Huatung Valley.

The Yuchang Tunnel passes Hai'an Range and its length is 2660 metres.

Provincial Highway 30 (Taiwan)
Provincial Highway 30 (Chinese: 台30線) is a 35.433-kilometer highway, which starts from Zhuoxi, Hualien and ends in Changbin, Taitung. This highway passes through Hai'an Range from the Pacific coast to the Huatung Valley and connects Provincial Highway No.11 and Provincial Highway No.9.

Section:Yuchang Highway: Yuli, Hualien - Changbin, Taitung.
Ergene iyesi
In Turkic folklore, Ergene iyesi (Turkish: Ergene iyesi, Azerbaijani: Ərgənə iyesi) is an underground spirit. It is the protector spirit of mine pit, and can turn into an animal. The word "İye" means owner, master or possessor. Also known as Shakhta iyesi (Tatar: Şahta İyäse; "Protector of Mine-pit").

İye
İye (sometimes İne or Eğe; Chuvash: Ийӗ, İyĕ; Tatar: Ия, İyä; Yakut: Иччи, İççi; Turkmen: Eýe, Эе; Tuvan: Ээ, Ee; Uzbek: Ega, Эга; Ottoman Turkish: اي or ٳي; Russian: Ийе, Ije) is a spirit in Turkic mythology who is a tutelary deity of a place, person, lineage, nation, natural assets or an animal. Although such spirits are called  "masters" or "possessors", they are not necessarily subject to worship. They may be revered as sacred essence of things without being deified or even personified.: 24