hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Distance decay
Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions.  The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two locales' activity space, their interactions begin to decrease. It is thus an assertion that the mathematics of the inverse square law in physics can be applied to many geographic phenomena, and is one of the ways in which physics principles such as gravity are often applied metaphorically to geographic situations.

Tobler's first law of geography
The First Law of Geography, according to Waldo Tobler, is "everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." This first law is the foundation of the fundamental concepts of spatial dependence and spatial autocorrelation and is utilized specifically for the inverse distance weighting method for spatial interpolation and to support the regionalized variable theory for kriging. The first law of geography is the fundamental assumption used in all spatial analysis.
Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.

Highness
Highness (abbreviation HH, oral address Your Highness) is a formal style used to address (in second person) or refer to (in third person) certain members of a reigning or formerly reigning dynasty. It is typically used with a possessive adjective: "His Highness", "Her Highness" (HH), "Their Highnesses", etc. Although often combined with other adjectives of honour indicating rank, such as "Imperial", "Royal" or "Serene", it may be used alone.

Highness is, both literally and figuratively, the quality of being lofty or above. It is used as a term to evoke dignity or honour, and to acknowledge the exalted rank of the person so described.
Type 23 frigate
The Type 23 frigate or Duke class is a class of frigates built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. The ships are named after British Dukes, thus leading to the class being commonly known as the Duke class. The first Type 23, HMS Norfolk, was commissioned in 1989, and the sixteenth, HMS St Albans was commissioned in June 2002. They form the core of the Royal Navy's destroyer and frigate fleet and serve alongside the Type 45 destroyers. They were designed for anti-submarine warfare, but have seen a range of duties. Eight Type 23 frigates remain in service with the Royal Navy, with three vessels having been sold to the Chilean Navy and five being retired since 2021.

The Royal Navy's Type 23 frigates will be replaced by the Type 26 Global Combat Ship and the Type 31 frigate. As of 2021 it is anticipated that HMS St Albans will be the last to retire from the Royal Navy, in 2035.

Sea Wolf (missile)
Sea Wolf is a naval surface-to-air missile system designed and built by BAC, later to become British Aerospace (BAe) Dynamics, and now MBDA. It is an automated point-defence weapon system designed as a short-range defence against both sea-skimming and high angle anti-ship missiles and aircraft. The Royal Navy has fielded two versions, the GWS-25 Conventionally Launched Sea Wolf (CLSW) and the GWS-26 Vertically Launched Sea Wolf (VLSW) forms. In Royal Navy service Sea Wolf has been replaced by Sea Ceptor.
John Ajvide Lindqvist
John Ajvide Lindqvist (Swedish pronunciation: [jɔn ˈâjvɪdɛ ˈlɪ̂ŋːkvɪst]; born 2 December 1968) is a Swedish writer of horror novels and short stories. He is the husband of author Mia Ajvide and the father of author Fritiof Ajvide.

Border (2018 Swedish film)
Border (Swedish: Gräns) is a 2018 Swedish fantasy film directed by Ali Abbasi with a screenplay by Abbasi, Isabella Eklöf and John Ajvide Lindqvist based on the short story of the same name by Lindqvist from his anthology Let the Old Dreams Die. It won the Un Certain Regard award at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, and was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards but was not nominated. However, it was nominated for Best Makeup and Hairstyling.
Saint Andrew Parish, Dominica
Saint Andrew is one of Dominica's 10 administrative parishes. It is bordered by St. John and St. Peter (to the west), St. Joseph (to the southwest), and St. David (to the southeast).

At 178.27 km2 (68.83 mi2), it is the island's largest parish in area.  Its population is 10,461, which makes it the second most populated parish, after St. George.

Saint David Parish, Dominica
Saint David is one of Dominica's ten administrative parishes, located on the eastern side of the island. It is bordered by St. Andrew to the north; St. Joseph, St. Paul and St. George to the west; and St. Patrick to the south. With that, it's bordered by five other parishes, more than any other one in Dominica. It has an area of 131.6 km2 (50.8 mi2), and has a population of 6,789.
Parsteiner See
Parsteiner See is a lake in the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve in Brandenburg, Germany. At an elevation of 44 m, its surface area is 10.03 km2. It is located in the municipality of Parsteinsee, Barnim district.

Barnim
Barnim (German pronunciation: [ˈbaʁnɪm] ⓘ) is a district in Brandenburg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) Poland, the district of Märkisch-Oderland, the city state of Berlin and the districts of Oberhavel and Uckermark.
Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh
Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh (July 3, 1837– September 19, 1890) was an American attorney and politician who represented Tennessee's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1873 to 1879.  The son of a prominent state legislator, Thornburgh fought in the Union Army during the Civil War, and served as attorney general of the state's third judicial district after the war.  Following his congressional term, he formed a law partnership with several prominent Knoxville attorneys, and engaged in philanthropy.

Thomas Tipton Thornburgh
Thomas Tipton Thornburgh (December 26, 1843 – September 29, 1879) was a career soldier, starting during the American Civil War when he enlisted with the Sixth East Tennessee Volunteers for the Union Army. Mid-war, he left the ranks to study at the United States Military Academy at West Point, graduating in 1867. After serving in the west for a number of years, he was made the commander of Fort Steele and Indian scout who received orders to establish peace with the White River Utes. With about 180 men, Thornburgh entered the White River Ute Reservation on September 16, 1879, and he and 13 of his men where killed during the Battle of Milk Creek.
Saint-Saëns, Seine-Maritime
Saint-Saëns (French: [sɛ̃ sɑ̃s], until about 1940–1950 [sɛ̃ sɑ̃]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. A small town of farming and associated light industry situated by the banks of the river Varenne in the Pays de Bray, some 19 miles (31 km) southeast of Dieppe at the junction of the D929, D12, D99 and the D154 roads. Junction 11 of the A28 autoroute with the A29 autoroute is within the commune's territory.

Sidonius (Irish saint)
Sidonius (French: Saëns or Sidoine; Irish: Séadna) was an Irish-born French monk and saint.  He was the spiritual teacher of Leutfridus. He is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.

Sidonius was born sometime in the seventh century AD, and was a monk at Jumièges Abbey in 664; he then spent several years travelling between monasteries.  For ten years he served in Rome as a companion to Ouen, eventually being sent to lead a monastery near Rouen.  This monastery, known in his honour as Saint-Saëns, survived until the ninth century.  Sidonius founded several other monasteries in the area before retiring to live as a monk.

Sidonius died around 690; his feast day is November 14.
Tupolev Tu-104
The Tupolev Tu-104 (NATO reporting name: Camel) is a medium-range, narrow-body, twin turbojet-powered Soviet airliner. It was the second jetliner to enter regular service, after the British de Havilland Comet and was the only jetliner operating in the world from 1956 to 1958, when the British jetliner was grounded due to safety concerns.

In 1957, Czechoslovak Airlines – ČSA (now Czech Airlines), became the first airline in the world to fly a route exclusively with jet airliners, using the Tu-104A variant between Prague and Moscow. In civilian service, the Tu-104 carried over 90 million passengers with Aeroflot (then the world's largest airline), and a lesser number with ČSA, while it also was operated by the Soviet Air Force. Its successors included the Tu-124, Tu-134, and Tu-154.

Vnukovo International Airport
Vnukovo International Airport (Russian: Внуково, IPA: [ˈvnukəvə], Internal code: ВНК) (IATA: VKO, ICAO: UUWW), is a dual-runway international airport located in Vnukovo District, 28 km (17 mi) southwest of the centre of Moscow, Russia. It is one of the four major airports that serve Moscow, along with Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo and Zhukovsky.

In 2019, the airport handled 24.01 million passengers, representing an increase of 12% compared to the previous year. Vnukovo was the eleventh-busiest airport in Europe in 2021 but had a strong decline in traffic and dropped to 30th place in 2022 as a consequence of sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As of 2025 it is the 3rd busiest airport in Russia and Post-Soviet states as well as the 41th-busiest airport in Europe. The airport was formally named "Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport" after Andrei Tupolev.
RTV Vogošća
RTV Vogošća (Radio Televizija Vogošća) is a public local broadcaster founded by the Assembly of the Vogošća Municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The company operates both a television channel and a radio station, Radio Vogošća, and currently employs 12 media professionals.

The station focuses on local news, cultural promotion, and the traditions of the Sarajevo Canton. Its programming is primarily produced and broadcast in the Bosnian language.

Radio Vogošća
Radio Vogošća is a Bosnian local public radio station, broadcasting from Vogošća, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The parent company, JP Radio Televizija Vogošća, was founded on 13 March 1996. Regular broadcasting of the radio program began on 18 July 1996. The station broadcasts a variety of programs including local news, talk shows, and various music genres. The programs are mainly produced in the Bosnian language. The station's signal covers Sarajevo and the Sarajevo Canton region.

The estimated number of potential listeners is around 386,197. The radio station is also available via the Bosnian IPTV platform Moja TV (channel 189) and via online streaming.
Chaabou
According to the early Christian bishop Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 315–403), Chaabou or Kaabu (Nabataean Arabic: 𐢏𐢁𐢃𐢈‎, romanized: KʾBW; Ancient Greek: Χααβου) was a goddess in the Nabataean pantheon—a virgin who gave birth to the god Dusares. However, a few modern scholars claim without proof that Epiphanius may have mistaken the word kaʿbu ("cube", etymologically identical to the name of the Kaaba), referring to the stone blocks used by the Nabateans to represent Dusares and possibly other deities, for the proper name of a goddess. His report that Chaabou was a virgin was likely influenced by his desire to find a parallel to the Christian belief in the virgin birth of Jesus, and by the similarity of the words kaʿbah and kaʿibah ("virgin") in Arabic, the native tongue of the Nabataeans.

Dushara
Dushara (Nabataean Arabic: 𐢅𐢈𐢝𐢛𐢀‎, romanized: DWŠRʾ; Safaitic: 𐪕𐪆𐪇‎, romanized: DŚR), also transliterated as Dusares or Dhu Shara, is a pre-Islamic Arabian god worshipped by the Nabataeans at Petra and Hegra (of which city he was the patron). Safaitic inscriptions imply he was the son of the goddess Al-Lat, and that he assembled in the heavens with other deities. He is called "Dushara from Petra" in one inscription. Dushara was expected to bring justice if called by the correct ritual.
Liverpool F.C. 9–0 AFC Bournemouth
The 2022–23 Premier League match between Liverpool and Bournemouth at Anfield, Liverpool, took place on Saturday 27 August 2022. Liverpool won 9–0, which is the joint-largest win in the history of the competition. Previously, the feat had been achieved on three occasions in the Premier League; twice by Manchester United in 1995 and 2021 against Ipswich Town and Southampton respectively, and once by Leicester City in 2019, also against Southampton.

This match equalled Liverpool's biggest win in the top flight. They achieved the same scoreline at Anfield during the 1989–90 season against Crystal Palace. This was also Bournemouth's worst ever top-flight defeat. Bournemouth manager Scott Parker was sacked three days after the match.

Liverpool 9–0 Crystal Palace (1989)
On 12 September 1989, Liverpool faced Crystal Palace in a First Division fixture at Anfield, during the 1989–90 season. Crystal Palace were newly promoted to the division, while Liverpool had been narrowly pipped to the League title by Arsenal in the previous season. Liverpool won the match 9–0, recording their biggest ever top-flight win, and inflicting Palace's heaviest ever defeat. Eight different players scored for Liverpool, the first time this has happened for the same club in English football history.
Ghostbusters: Spirits Unleashed
Ghostbusters: Spirits Unleashed is a 2022 action game by IllFonic. An asymmetrical multiplayer game based on the Ghostbusters media franchise, it is set after the events of Ghostbusters: Afterlife and focuses on players tackling matches either as a ghostbuster trying to capture ghosts, or a ghost trying to haunt a location. It was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S in October 2022. A Nintendo Switch port was released on October 19, 2023.

Ray Stantz
Raymond Stantz, PhD, is a fictional character from the Ghostbusters franchise. He appears in the films Ghostbusters (1984), Ghostbusters II (1989), Casper (1995, as a cameo), Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021) and Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire (2024), the animated television series The Real Ghostbusters and Extreme Ghostbusters, and the video games Beeline's Ghostbusters, Ghostbusters: The Video Game (2009), Planet Coaster (2019), Ghostbusters: Spirits Unleashed (2022) and Ghostbusters: Rise of the Ghost Lord (2024). He was portrayed by Dan Aykroyd in five live action films, and voiced by Frank Welker in the animated series. He is a member of the Ghostbusters and one of the three Columbia University professors of parapsychology, along with Dr. Peter Venkman and Dr. Egon Spengler.
Hoobastank
Hoobastank (sometimes stylized as h∞bastank, and originally known as Hoobustank) is an American rock band formed in 1994 in Agoura Hills, California, by vocalist Doug Robb, guitarist Dan Estrin, drummer Chris Hesse, and original bassist Markku Lappalainen. They were signed to Island Records from 2001 to 2012 and have released six albums and one EP to date. Their most recent album, Push Pull, came out in May 2018. They have sold ten million albums worldwide.

Fornever
Fornever (stylized as For(N)ever) is the fourth studio album by the American rock band Hoobastank, released on January 27, 2009. It is their last album released on Island Records. Upon its release, the album peaked at number 26 on the US Billboard 200.
Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria
Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand (also known as Don Fernando de Austria, Cardenal-Infante Fernando de España and as Ferdinand von Österreich; 16 May 1609 – 9 November 1641) was a Spanish and Portuguese prince (Infante of Spain, Infante of Portugal (until 1640)), Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church,  Archduke of Austria, Archbishop of Toledo (1619–1641), and a general during the Thirty Years' War, the Eighty Years' War, and the Franco-Spanish War. He is commonly considered the last great commander and strategist of the Spanish Empire, whose premature death in a critical moment helped bring about the end of Spanish hegemony in Europe.

Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III (Ferdinand Ernest; 13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) was Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1625, King of Bohemia from 1627 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 to his death.

Ferdinand ascended the throne at the beginning of the last decade of the Thirty Years' War and introduced lenient policies to depart from the old ideas of divine right held by his father, as he wished to end the war quickly. After military defeats and against a background of declining power, Ferdinand was compelled to abandon the political stances of his Habsburg predecessors in many respects to open the long road towards the much-delayed Peace of Westphalia. Although his authority as emperor was weakened after the war, his position in Bohemia, Hungary and Austria was stronger than that of his predecessors before 1618.

Ferdinand was the first Habsburg monarch to be recognised as a musical composer.
Howa
Howa Machinery, Ltd. (豊和工業株式会社, Hōwa Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese machinery manufacturer known internationally for their production of military and civilian firearms. They also manufacture products such as machine tools, sweeping vehicles, windows and doors.

Howa Type 89
The Howa Type 89 assault rifle (89式小銃, hachi-kyū-shiki-shōjū), referred to as the Type 89 5.56 mm rifle (89式5.56mm小銃, hachi-kyū-shiki-go-ten-go-roku-miri-shōjū), is a Japanese assault rifle used by the Japan Self-Defense Forces, the Japan Coast Guard's Special Security Team units,  and the Special Assault Team. It has never been exported outside Japan due to its strict Japanese arms-export ban. It is known in JGSDF service as the Hachikyū (a Japanese reading of the number 89) or by its nickname Buddy.

The Type 89 was introduced to replace the Howa Type 64 battle rifle in frontline units, entering service in 1989. It has remained Japan's principal service rifle since then. Small numbers of the Type 89's successor, the Howa Type 20, were purchased in 2020. The Type 20 is intended to supplement and eventually replace the Type 89.
1988 United States Senate election in California
The 1988 United States Senate election in California took place on November 8, 1988. Incumbent Senator Pete Wilson won re-election to a second term.

As of 2026, this is the last time a Republican won a U.S. Senate election in California. This was also the first time since 1952 that an incumbent Senator was re-elected to this seat, and the last time until 2022 that a man would win a Senate election in California.

1952 United States Senate election in California
The 1952 United States Senate election in California was held on November 4, 1952, concurrently with the 1952 U.S. presidential election as well as other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives and various state and local elections.

By cross-filing and winning the Democratic nomination, incumbent Republican Senator William F. Knowland was able to cruise to a general election victory with only nominal opposition.

Until 1988, this was the last time a nominee from either party won re-election to this seat.
Yulin Subdistrict, Fushun
Yulin Subdistrict (Chinese: 榆林街道; pinyin: Yúlín Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Xinfu District, Fushun, Liaoning, China. As of 2018, it has 3 residential communities and 2 villages under its administration.

Xinfu District, Fushun
Xinfu District (simplified Chinese: 新抚区; traditional Chinese: 新撫區; pinyin: Xīnfǔ Qū), is one of the four districts under the administration of the city of Fushun, Liaoning Province, China. It has a population of about 222,984 in 2020, covering an area of 109.5 square kilometres (42.3 sq mi).
Lullaby (Atkins novel)
Lullaby is the 41st novel featuring Robert B. Parker's fictional detective Spenser. It is the first official Spenser novel not written by Parker, but by Ace Atkins. Atkins was asked to write the novel after Parker's death in 2010.

Spenser (character)
Spenser is a fictional private investigator created by the American mystery writer Robert B. Parker. He acts as the protagonist of a series of detective novels written by Parker and later continued by Ace Atkins and Mike Lupica. His first appearance was in the 1973 novel The Godwulf Manuscript. He is also featured in the 1980s television series Spenser: For Hire and a related series of TV movies based on the novels. In March 2020, he was featured in the Netflix thriller film Spenser Confidential.

Spenser is only referred to by his surname in the novels and the television series. Spenser is addressed as "Jim" at the end of Chapter 9 of "The Godwulf Manuscript" though this was probably a casual address by a stranger, akin to "Mac" or "Buddy."
Eupilio
Eupilio (Brianzöö: Eüpili [eyˈpiːli]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Milan and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Como.

Eupilio borders the following municipalities: Bosisio Parini, Canzo, Cesana Brianza, Erba, Longone al Segrino, Merone, Pusiano, Rogeno.

Rogeno
Rogeno (Brianzöö: Rògen) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southwest of Lecco.

Rogeno borders the following municipalities: Bosisio Parini, Costa Masnaga, Eupilio, Merone, Molteno.
Isham
Isham is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It is on the A509 road, three miles south of Kettering and a mile to the west of Burton Latimer. The River Ise is to the east of the village. Administratively, it forms part of North Northamptonshire. It was previously in the Borough of Wellingborough until 2021. At the time of the 2011 census, the parish's population was 772 people.

The villages name means 'River Ise homestead/village'.

A bypass west of the village is planned by the county council. HMS Isham, a Ham class minesweeper was named after the village in 1954.

Borough of Wellingborough
England portal

The Borough of Wellingborough was a non-metropolitan district and borough in Northamptonshire, England, from 1974 to 2021. It was named after Wellingborough, its main town, but also included surrounding rural areas.

The local council preferred to call itself the "Borough Council of Wellingborough" rather than the more usual form "Wellingborough Borough Council".

The borough covered almost the same area as the Wellingborough constituency. It was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by a merger of the borough of Wellingborough with Wellingborough Rural District.

The borough bordered the districts of South Northamptonshire, Northampton, Kettering, Daventry and East Northamptonshire, as well as Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, and Bedford in Bedfordshire.
Takoma Langley Crossroads Transit Center
The Takoma Langley Crossroads Transit Center is a bus transit center and future Purple Line light rail station in Langley Park, Maryland. Located at the intersection of University Boulevard and New Hampshire Avenue, it is the largest bus-only transfer in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

Langley Park, Maryland
Langley Park is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It is located inside the Capital Beltway, on the northwest edge of Prince George's County, bordering Montgomery County. Per the 2020 census, the population was 20,126.