hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cevat Rıfat Atilhan
Mehmet Cevat Rıfat Atilhan (1892 – 4 February 1967) was a Turkish career officer and antisemitic writer. Known as one of the most prominent Nazi sympathizers in Turkey, he was an initiator of the 1934 Thrace pogroms.

1934 Thrace pogroms
The 1934 Thrace pogroms (Turkish: Trakya Olayları, "Thrace incidents" or "Thrace events", Ladino: Furtuna/La Furtuna, "Storm") were a series of violent attacks against Jewish citizens of Turkey in June and July 1934 in the Thrace region of Turkey. One of the main crucial factors behind the events was the Resettlement Law passed by the Turkish Assembly on 14 June 1934.
Halat Um al-Baidh
Halat Um al-Baidh (Arabic: حالة أم البيض) is a town on the island of Sitra, Bahrain. The area was inhabited by 150 people in 1905.

Today it is inhabited by 100 people, most working with tourist facilities located in the town. It is the only village on Sitra belonging to the Southern Governorate of Bahrain.

Sitra
Sitra (Arabic: سترة or سِتْرَة, As-Sitra), also known as Sitrah or Sitra Island (Arabic: جزيرة سترة Jazīrat Sitrah), is an island in Bahrain situated approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) south of the capital, Manama, which is on Bahrain Island.
Carmel, Indiana
Carmel (/ˈkɑːrməl/) is a suburban city in Hamilton County, Indiana, United States, immediately north of Indianapolis. With a population of 99,757 as of the 2020 census, the city spans 49 square miles (130 km2) across Clay Township and is bordered by the White River to the east and the Boone County line to the west.

Carmel was home to one of the first electronic automated traffic signals in the country, and constructed 155 roundabouts between 1997 and 2025. The city is designed with walkability and pedestrian wellbeing in mind, with trails, parks and green spaces being common.

Kawachinagano
Kawachinagano (河内長野市, Kawachinagano-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 101,649 in 47493 households and a population density of 930 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 109.63 square kilometres (42.33 sq mi).
Stuart Legg
Stuart Legg (31 August 1910 – 23 July 1988) was a pioneering English documentary filmmaker. At the 14th Academy Awards in 1941, Legg's National Film Board of Canada film Churchill's Island became the first-ever documentary to win an Oscar.

Also in contention for Best Documentary that year was Legg's film Warclouds in the Pacific.

Tom Daly (filmmaker)
Thomas Cullen Daly OC (April 25, 1918 – September 18, 2011) was a Canadian film producer, film editor and film director, who was the head of Studio B at the National Film Board of Canada (NFB).

During his 44-year career, Daly produced, edited and/or directed 315 films.

His remarkable awards roster includes eight BAFTA awards, eight Venice Film Festival awards, seven Cannes Film Festival awards and ten Oscar nominations. On April 27, 2000, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada.
Sabine de Bethune
Baroness Sabine de Bethune (born 16 July 1958) is a Belgian politician and a member of the Christian Democratic and Flemish party. Since June 2021 she has been appointed as a judge on the Constitutional Court.

The daughter of former Kortrijk mayor, Emmanuel de Bethune, she belongs to a baronial family of the Belgian nobility, in right of which she is properly styled baroness. Sabine de Bethune. She holds a Master of Laws from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.

She was elected as a member of the Belgian Senate in 1995. Sabine is also a member of the AWEPA Governing Council. She was vice-president of the Senate between 1999 and 2003, and became the 34th President of the Belgian Senate on 11 October 2011. She became an Officer in the Order of Leopold on 6 June 2010 and a Grand Officer on 21 May 2014.

Emmanuel de Bethune
Baron Emmanuel Pierre Marie Ghislain de Bethune (18 July 1930 – 4 November 2011) was a Belgian politician. He was the Mayor of Kortrijk from 1987 to 1989 and again from 1995 to 2000. He went on to found the Bethune Foundation, a foundation used to preserve the library collections of the Bethune family.

Bethune died on 4 November 2011, aged 81. He is survived by his four children including his daughter, the current Belgian Senate President, Sabine de Bethune.
Ellerman (crater)
Ellerman is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies within the outer blanket of ejecta that surrounds the Mare Orientale impact basin, and is located to the west of the Montes Cordillera mountain range. To the northwest of Ellerman is the larger crater Gerasimovich.

Probably due to its location amidst rugged surroundings, the otherwise circular rim of this crater is somewhat irregular and polygonal in shape. The loose material along the inner walls has slid down to form a ring of talus around the base, leaving walls that slope straight down with no terraces. There is a small crater along the northern rim top.

Gerasimovich (crater)
Gerasimovich is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies beyond the western limb, to the west-northwest of the immense Mare Orientale impact basin. The outer blanket of ejecta from this impact reaches nearly to the rim of Gerasimovich. Nearby craters of note include Houzeau to the north and the smaller Ellerman to the southeast.

The outer rim of this crater is worn and eroded, with a perimeter that has been modified and reshaped by nearby impacts. The much younger crater Gerasimovich D lies across the northeastern rim, and lies near the center of a poorly organized blanket of higher albedo deposits. Just to the west-southwest of the outer rim is the young, sharp-rimmed crater Gerasimovich R. The interior floor of Gerasimovich is irregular near the edges, and is marked by several small craterlets.

Gerasimovich is located at the antipode of the Mare Crisium impact basin.
United Airlines Flight 173
United Airlines Flight 173 was a scheduled flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to Portland International Airport in Portland, Oregon, with a scheduled stop in Denver, Colorado. On December 28, 1978, the McDonnell Douglas DC-8-61 operating the flight ran out of fuel while troubleshooting a landing gear problem and crashed in a suburban Portland neighborhood near NE 157th Avenue and East Burnside Street, killing 10 people on board.

The accident prompted the development of crew resource management in aviation.

Eastern Air Lines Flight 401
Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 was a scheduled flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in Queens, New York, to Miami International Airport in Miami, Florida. Shortly before midnight on December 29, 1972, the Lockheed L-1011-1 TriStar crashed into the Florida Everglades. All three cockpit crew members, 2 of the 10 flight attendants, and 96 of the 163 passengers were killed. 75 people survived, with 58 of them suffering serious injuries.

The crash is believed to have been caused by a subtle bump of the yoke on the aircraft, causing it to switch the autopilot from altitude hold mode, to Control Wheel Steering mode, causing the aircraft to begin a descent. Due to the focus on the landing gear and the minimal changes in the cockpit, the pilots did not notice. Because of this, the aircraft gradually lost altitude and crashed. This was the first hull loss and fatal crash of a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. It was also the first severe widebody aircraft crash.
Armenian Assembly of America
The Armenian Assembly of America (Armenian: Ամերիկայի Հայկական Համագումար) is the largest Washington-based nationwide organization promoting public understanding and awareness of Armenian issues. The organization aims to "strengthen United States/Armenia relations, promote Armenia's democratic development and economic prosperity, and seeks universal affirmation of the Armenian genocide" via "research, education and advocacy." Its headquarters is in Washington, D.C., and it has offices in Glendale, California and Yerevan, Armenia. The organization has consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

Armenian National Committee of America
The Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) (Armenian: Ամերիկայի Հայ դատի յանձնախումբ) is an Armenian American grassroots organization. Its headquarters is in Washington, D.C., and it has regional offices in Glendale, California, and Watertown, Massachusetts.
Norman McLaren
William Norman McLaren, CC CQ (11 April 1914 – 27 January 1987) was a Scottish-Canadian animator, director and producer known for his work for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). He was a pioneer in a number of areas of animation and filmmaking, including hand-drawn animation, drawn-on-film animation, visual music, abstract film, pixilation and graphical sound. McLaren was also an artist and printmaker, and explored his interest in dance in his films.

His films garnered numerous awards, including one Oscar, one Palme d'Or, three BAFTA Awards and six Venice Film Festival awards.

Graphical sound
Graphical sound or drawn sound (Fr. son dessiné, Ger. graphische Tonerzeugung,; It. suono disegnato) is a sound recording created from images drawn directly onto film or paper that were then played back using a sound system. There are several different techniques depending on the technology employed, but all are a consequence of the sound-on-film technology and based on the creation of artificial optical polyphonic sound tracks on transparent film.
Swaffham Town F.C.
Swaffham Town Football Club is a football club based in Swaffham, Norfolk, England. The club are currently members of the Anglian Combination Premier Division and play at Shoemakers Lane. They are affiliated to the Norfolk County FA.

Swaffham
Swaffham (/ˈswɒfəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the Breckland District and English county of Norfolk. It is situated 12 miles (19 kilometres) east of King's Lynn and 31 miles (50 kilometres) west of Norwich.

The civil parish has an area of 11.42 mi2 (29.6 km2) and in the 2001 census had a population of 6,935 in 3,130 households, which increased to 7,258, in 3,258 households, at the 2011 census. By the time the 2021 census took place, the population had jumped to 8434. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Breckland.
Piedmont Airlines (1948–1989)
Piedmont Airlines was a local service carrier, a scheduled airline in the United States that operated from 1948 until it merged with USAir in 1989. Its headquarters were at One Piedmont Plaza in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, a building that is now part of Wake Forest University.

In April 1989, shortly before it merged into USAir, Piedmont had 22,000 employees. In September 1988 it flew to 95 airports from hubs in the eastern United States; its commuter and regional affiliates flew turboprop aircraft via code sharing agreements to 39 more airports.

Martin 4-0-4
The Martin 4-0-4 is a pressurized, all-metal, low-wing 40 passenger American airliner built by the Glenn L. Martin Company and introduced in 1951.  Derived from the unpressurized Martin 2-0-2, it is 3 feet longer, powered by the same Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp-CB16
18-cylinder radial engine, and slightly slower. In addition to commercial airline use initially in the United States, it was used by the United States Coast Guard and United States Navy as the RM-1G (later as the VC-3A).
La Cluse
La Cluse (French pronunciation: [la klyz]; Vivaro-Alpine: La Clusa) is a former commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. On 1 January 2013, Agnières-en-Dévoluy, La Cluse, Saint-Disdier, and Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy amalgamated into the new commune of Dévoluy.

Saint-Disdier
Saint-Disdier (Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Disdier) is a former commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. On 1 January 2013, Agnières-en-Dévoluy, La Cluse, Saint-Disdier, and Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy amalgamated into the new commune of Dévoluy.
Gulf of Boni
The Gulf of Boni (Indonesian: Teluk Bone), also known as the Gulf of Bone, Bay of Boni, and Bone Bay, is the gulf which divides the South and Southeast Peninsulas of the island of Sulawesi (Celebes) in Indonesia. It opens on the south into the Banda Sea.

Banda Sea
The Banda Sea (Indonesian: Laut Banda, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌlaʊt̪̚ ˈbanda]; Portuguese: Mar de Banda; Tetum: Tasi Banda) is one of four seas that surround the Maluku Islands of Indonesia, connected to the Pacific Ocean, but surrounded by hundreds of islands, including Timor, as well as the Halmahera and Ceram Seas. It is about 1,000 km (620 mi) east to west, and about 500 km (310 mi) north to south.
Electric Road
Electric Road (Chinese: 電氣道) is a street in the north of Hong Kong Island in the Eastern District of Hong Kong. It spans from the Tin Hau area of Causeway Bay, across Fortress Hill of North Point and connects east onto Java Road in North Point.

Fortress Hill
Fortress Hill or Pau Toi Shan (Chinese: 炮台山; Jyutping: paau3 toi4 saan1) is a hill and an area on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Fortress Hill includes the western part of North Point lying west of Oil Street, and the eastern part of Causeway Bay. There are a number of private residential estates, office buildings, hotels and serviced apartments in this area.
Fermat polygonal number theorem
In additive number theory, the Fermat polygonal number theorem states that every positive integer is a sum of at most n n-gonal numbers. That is, every positive integer can be written as the sum of three or fewer triangular numbers, and as the sum of four or fewer square numbers, and as the sum of five or fewer pentagonal numbers, and so on. That is, the n-gonal numbers form an additive basis of order n.

Polygonal number
In mathematics, a polygonal number is a number that counts dots arranged in the shape of a regular polygon.: 2-3  These are one type of 2-dimensional figurate numbers.

Polygonal numbers were first studied during the 6th century BC by the Ancient Greeks, who investigated and discussed properties of oblong, triangular, and square numbers.: 1
Lisa Ede
Lisa S. Ede (September 9, 1947 – September 29, 2021) was an author, editor and scholar of writing and rhetoric. She taught rhetoric and writing at Oregon State University, where she worked as a professor from 1980 to 2013. Ede has received awards for her scholarly work from the Modern Language Association, the Conference on College Composition and Communication, and the International Writing Center Association.

Andrea Lunsford
Andrea A. Lunsford is an American writer and scholar who specializes in the field of composition and rhetoric studies. She is the director of the Program in Writing and Rhetoric (PWR) and the Louise Hewlett Nixon Professor of English Emerita at Stanford University. She is also a faculty member at the Bread Loaf School of English.  Lunsford has served as Chair of the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC), as Chair of the Modern Language Association (MLA) Division on Writing, and as a member of the MLA Executive Council.
Bascapè
Bascapè is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Pavia.

Bascapè borders the following municipalities: Carpiano, Casaletto Lodigiano, Caselle Lurani, Cerro al Lambro, Landriano, Torrevecchia Pia, and Valera Fratta.

Landriano
Landriano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Pavia.

Landriano borders the following municipalities: Bascapè, Carpiano, Siziano, Torrevecchia Pia and Vidigulfo. It is located on the left shore of the Lambro, which here forms an islet which is the site of the old town's castle.

In 1529 it was the location of the battle of Landriano between France and Spain.
Rostov constituency (Yaroslavl Oblast)
The Rostov constituency (No.195) is a Russian legislative constituency in Yaroslavl Oblast. The constituency covers south-western Yaroslavl and western Yaroslavl Oblast, including an industrial city Rybinsk as well as historic towns Gavrilov-Yam, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov Veliky and Uglich.

The constituency has been represented since its creation in 1993 by A Just Russia deputy Anatoly Greshnevikov, former People's Deputy of Russia, journalist and ecological activist. It is one of two State Duma constituencies, alongside Mikhaylovka constituency, to be represented by a single deputy for its entire existence since 1993.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Telamon
Telamon (/ˈtɛləmən/; Ancient Greek: Τελαμών, Telamōn means "broad strap") in Greek mythology was the son of King Aeacus of Aegina, and Endeïs, a mountain nymph. The elder brother of Peleus, Telamon sailed alongside Jason as one of his Argonauts, and was present at the hunt for the Calydonian Boar. In the Iliad, he was the father of Greek heroes Ajax the Great and Teucer by different mothers. Some accounts mention a third son of his, Trambelus. He and Peleus were also close friends of Heracles, assisting him on his expeditions against the Amazons and his assault on Troy (see below).

In an earlier account recorded by Pherecydes of Athens, Telamon and Peleus were not brothers, but friends. According to this account, Telamon was the son of Actaeus and Glauce, with the latter being the daughter of Cychreus, king of Salamis; and Telamon married Periboea (Eriboea), daughter of King Alcathous of Megara.

Actaeus (mythology)
Actaeus (/ækˈtiːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀκταῖος Ἀktaῖos means "coast-man") was the name of three individuals appearing in Greek mythology:

Actaeus, a king of Attica.

Actaeus, father of Telamon by Glauce, daughter of Cychreus. He was the grandfather of Ajax of Salamis.

Actaeus, one of the Telchines.
1936 Georgia gubernatorial election
The 1936 Georgia gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1936, in order to elect the governor of Georgia.

Incumbent Democratic governor Eugene Talmadge was term-limited, and would become eligible to run for a third term only after spending four years out of office (thus in 1940). Talmadge instead ran for the U.S. Senate.

As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran with only token opposition in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election. Despite the token opposition from Prohibition nominee L.P. Glass, this was the first gubernatorial election to have a non-Democrat on the ballot since the 1912 special election.

1912 Georgia gubernatorial special election
The 1912 Georgia gubernatorial special election was held on January 10, 1912, in order to elect the Governor of Georgia for the remainder of Governor Hoke Smith's term, following his resignation on November 15, 1911, after having been elected to the United States Senate. Democratic nominee and former Governor of Georgia Joseph Mackey Brown defeated Socialist Party candidate A. F. Castleberry. The general election was the last gubernatorial election to have a non-Democrat on the general election ballot until 1936.
Dock Junction, Georgia
Dock Junction is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Glynn County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Brunswick metropolitan statistical area. The population was 7,721 at the 2010 census, growing to 8,266 in 2020. Its original name was Arco until the 1970s, the name deriving from the Atlantic Refining Company.

Glynn County, Georgia
Glynn County is located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 84,499. The county seat is Brunswick.  Glynn County is part of the Brunswick, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area.
IFIP Working Group 2.1
IFIP Working Group 2.1 on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi is a working group of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).

IFIP WG 2.1 was formed as the body responsible for the continued support and maintenance of the programming language ALGOL 60. The Modified Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60 and the ALGOL 68 programming language were produced by WG 2.1.

As of 2 March 2011, its scope is:

Study of calculation of programs from specifications

Design of notations for such calculation

Formulation of algorithm theories, using such notations

Investigation of software support for program derivation

Continuing responsibility for ALGOL 60 and ALGOL 68

International Federation for Information Processing
The International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) is a global organisation for researchers and professionals working in the field of computing to conduct research, develop standards and promote information sharing.

Established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, IFIP is recognised by the United Nations and links some 50 national and international societies and academies of science with a total membership of over half a million professionals. IFIP is based in Laxenburg, Austria and is an international, non-governmental organisation that operates on a non-profit basis.
Mud Islands Game Reserve
Mud Islands Game Reserve is a protected area in South Australia covering ten islands at the southern side of Lake Alexandrina about 19 kilometres (12 miles) south-east of Goolwa. The game reserve is described as providing "an ideal habitat for water birds, particularly waterfowl" and that "duck shooting is permitted during open season".  Since 2000, the game reserve has been located within the boundaries of the gazetted locality, Coorong.

The game reserve is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.  In 1980, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

Lake Alexandrina (South Australia)
Lake Alexandrina is a coastal freshwater lake located between the Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island and Murray and Mallee regions on Ngarrindjeri country in South Australia, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south-east of Adelaide. The lake adjoins the smaller Lake Albert (together known as the Lower Lakes) and a coastal lagoon called The Coorong to its southeast, before draining into the Great Australian Bight via a short, narrow opening known as Murray Mouth.
M1917 bayonet
The M1917 bayonet was a bayonet designed to be used with the US M1917 Enfield .30 caliber rifle, as well as seven different models of U.S. trench shotguns. The blade was 17 in (43 cm) long with an overall length of 22 in (56 cm). It does not fit the M1903 .30 caliber (Springfield) or the M1 .30 caliber (Garand) US service rifles as they have different bayonet ring (barrel) and attachment stud dimensions.

Winchester Model 1200
The Model 1200 is a pump-action shotgun that was manufactured by the Winchester-Western Division of Olin Corporation, starting 1964. It was redesignated the Model 1300 in 1978 with minimal changes. Production ceased in 2006 when the U.S. Repeating Arms Company, the subsequent manufacturer, went bankrupt.  A militarized version of the Model 1200 was acquired by the U.S. Army for use during the Vietnam War. It is still in active service within various conflicts throughout the 21st century.