hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edvard Grieg
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (/ɡriːɡ/ GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛdvaʁd ˈhɑ̀ːɡəʁʉp ˈɡʁɪgː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide. His use of Norwegian folk music in his own compositions brought the music of Norway to fame, as well as helping to develop a national identity, much as Jean Sibelius did in Finland and Bedřich Smetana in Bohemia.

Grieg is the most celebrated person from the city of Bergen, with numerous statues that depict his image and many cultural entities named after him: the city's largest concert building (Grieg Hall), its most advanced music school (Grieg Academy) and its professional choir (Edvard Grieg Kor). The Edvard Grieg Museum at Grieg's former home, Troldhaugen, is dedicated to his legacy.

Violin Sonatas (Grieg)
Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg wrote three violin sonatas. They are all examples of his musical nationalism, since they all contain references or similarities to Norwegian folk song. Grieg wrote the sonatas between 1865 and 1887.

Violin Sonata No. 1 in F major, Op. 8 was written in Copenhagen in 1865.

Violin Sonata No. 2 in G major, Op. 13 was written in Oslo (then Christiania) in 1867.

Violin Sonata No. 3 in C minor, Op. 45 was completed while Grieg was living in Troldhaugen in 1887.
Dynamic range
Dynamic range (abbreviated DR, DNR, or DYR) is the ratio between the largest and smallest measurable values of a specific quantity. It is often used in the context of signals, like sound and light. It is measured either as a ratio or as a base-10 (decibel) or base-2 (doublings, bits or stops) logarithmic value of the ratio between the largest and smallest signal values.

Electronically reproduced audio and video is often processed to fit the original material with a wide dynamic range into a narrower recorded dynamic range for easier storage and reproduction. This process is called dynamic range compression.

Dolby noise-reduction system
A Dolby noise-reduction system (Dolby NR) is one of a series of noise reduction systems developed by Dolby Laboratories for use in analog audio tape recording. The first was Dolby A, a professional broadband noise reduction system for recording studios that was first demonstrated in 1965, but the best-known is Dolby B (introduced in 1968), a sliding band system for the consumer market, which helped make high fidelity practical on cassette tapes, which used a relatively noisy tape size and speed. It is common on high-fidelity stereo tape players and recorders to the present day. Of the noise reduction systems, Dolby A and Dolby SR were developed for professional use. Dolby B, C, and S were designed for the consumer market. Aside from Dolby HX, all the Dolby variants work by companding: compressing the dynamic range of the sound during recording, and expanding it during playback.
Butternut squash
Butternut squash (a variety of Cucurbita moschata), known in Australia and New Zealand as butternut pumpkin or gramma, is a type of winter squash that grows on a vine. It has a sweet, nutty taste, when cooked,  similar to that of a pumpkin. It has tan-yellow skin and orange fleshy pulp with a compartment of seeds in the blossom end. When ripening, the flesh turns increasingly deep orange due to its rich content of beta-carotene, a provitamin A compound.

Although botanically a fruit (specifically, a berry), butternut squash is used culinarily as a vegetable that can be roasted, sautéed, puréed for soups such as squash soup, or mashed to be used in casseroles, breads, muffins, and pies. It is part of the same squash family as ponca, waltham, pumpkin, and calabaza.

Pumpkin soup
Pumpkin soup is a usually 'bound' (thick) soup made from a purée of pumpkin. It is made by combining the meat of a blended pumpkin with broth or stock. It can be served hot or cold, and is a common Thanksgiving dish in the United States. Various versions of the dish are known in many European countries, the United States and other areas of North America, in Asia and in Australia.

Squash soup is a soup prepared using squash as a primary ingredient. Squash used to prepare the soup commonly includes acorn and butternut squash.
Ratoath
Ratoath (Irish: Ráth Tó, meaning 'Tó's ringfort') is a commuter town in County Meath, Ireland. A branch of the Broad Meadow Water (Broadmeadow River) (Irish: An Gabhair) flows through the town. The R125 and R155 roads meet in the village. At the 2022 census, there were 10,007 people living in Ratoath, making it the fourth largest urban area in Meath. The town is around 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Dublin city centre.

Ratoath (barony)
Ratoath (Irish: Ráth Tó) is a barony in County Meath. It comprises ten parishes and portion of two others viz Rathbeggan, Dunshaughlin, Kilbrew, Crickstown, Killegland, Cookstown, Donaghmore, Ratoath, and portions of Ballymaglasson and Trevit.
Taft family
The Taft family is an American political family of English descent, with origins in Massachusetts. Its members have served in the states of Massachusetts, Ohio, Rhode Island, Utah, and Vermont, and the United States federal government, in various positions such as representative (two), governor of Ohio, governor of Rhode Island, senator (three), secretary of agriculture, attorney general, secretary of war (two), acting secretary of defense, president, and chief justice.

Robert Taft, 2nd
Robert Taft Jr. (c. 1674 – April 29, 1748), also known as Robert Taft II, was a Massachusetts politician. He was born in Braintree, Massachusetts Bay Colony. He died at age 74 at Uxbridge, Worcester County, Massachusetts.
Rockbridgeite
Rockbridgeite is an anhydrous phosphate mineral in the "Rockbridgeite" supergroup with the chemical formula Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5.  
It was discovered at the since-shut-down Midvale Mine in Rockbridge County, Virginia, United States.  The researcher who first identified it, Clifford Frondel, named it in 1949 for its region of discovery, Rockbridge County.

Phosphate mineral
Phosphate minerals are minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate (PO3−4) anion, sometimes with arsenate (AsO3−4) and vanadate (VO3−4) substitutions, along with chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F−), and hydroxide (OH−) anions, that also fit into the crystal structure.

The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.
Patrick Cripps
Patrick Cripps (born 18 March 1995) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Cripps won the Leigh Matthews Trophy in 2019, and is a dual Brownlow Medallist, four-time All-Australian and five-time John Nicholls Medallist; he was the second-youngest player to win the latter when he first won the award in 2015 and has won the equal-most at the club, along with Nicholls. Cripps served as Carlton co-captain from 2019 to 2021, and he has served as the sole captain since the 2022 season.

2024 Brownlow Medal
The 2024 Brownlow Medal was the 97th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the best and fairest player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home-and-away season. The count took place on Monday 23 September in Melbourne at the Crown Palladium, five days before the grand final. Patrick Cripps of Carlton won the medal with 45 votes; it was his second medal, having previously won the medal in 2022.

Cripps tally of 45 votes broke by a considerable margin the previous record for most votes in a Brownlow Medal count under the 3–2–1 voting system, which was 36 votes held by Dustin Martin (2017) and Ollie Wines (2021); 2024 runner-up Nick Daicos also exceeded the prior record, polling 38 votes. Cripps also set a new record by polling 1.96 votes per game across the season, breaking Lachie Neale's 2020 record of 1.82.
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
The Empire of Japan's Kwantung Army invaded the Manchuria region of China on 18 September 1931, immediately following the Mukden incident,  a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext to invade. At the war's end in February 1932, the Japanese established the puppet state of Manchukuo. The occupation lasted until mid-August 1945, towards the end of the Second World War, in the face of an onslaught by the Soviet Union and Mongolia during the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation.

With the invasion having attracted great international attention, the League of Nations produced the Lytton Commission (headed by British politician Victor Bulwer-Lytton) to evaluate the situation, with the organization delivering its findings in October 1932. Its findings and recommendations that the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo not be recognized and the return of Manchuria to Chinese sovereignty prompted the Japanese government to withdraw from the League entirely.

Gekokujō
Gekokujō (下克上; also 下剋上) is a Japanese word which refers to someone of a lower position overthrowing or overruling someone of a higher position using military or political might, seizing power. It is variously translated as "the lower rules the higher" or "the low overcomes the high".
John Arundell (died 1423)
Sir John Arundell of Bideford (1392–1423), was an English knight who inherited large estates in Cornwall from his father, John Arundell of Lanherne. He was Sheriff of Cornwall, as was his father before him.

St Mawgan
St Mawgan or St Mawgan in Pydar (Cornish: Lannhernow) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The population of this parish at the 2011 census was 1,307.  The village is situated four miles northeast of Newquay, and the parish also includes the hamlet of Mawgan Porth. The surviving manor house known as Lanherne House is an early 16th-century grade I listed building.  The nearby Royal Air Force station, RAF St Mawgan, takes its name from the village and is next to Newquay Cornwall Airport. The River Menalhyl runs through St Mawgan village and the valley is known as The Vale of Lanherne. It was the subject of a poem by poet Henry Sewell Stokes.
Clackmannan (UK Parliament constituency)
Clackmannan was a parliamentary constituency in the Clackmannan area of Central Scotland. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.

The constituency was created for the 1983 general election, replacing the previous Clackmannan and East Stirlingshire constituency.  The Clackmannan constituency was abolished for the 1997 general election.

Clackmannan
Clackmannan (/klækˈmænən/ listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Clach Mhanann, lit. 'stone of the Manau') is a small town and civil parish set in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. Situated within the Forth Valley, Clackmannan is 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south-east of Alloa and 3.2 miles (5.1 km) south of Tillicoultry. The town is within the county of Clackmannanshire, of which it was formerly the county town, until Alloa overtook it in size and importance.
Bath County, Virginia
Bath County is a United States county located in the Shenandoah Valley on the central western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,209, making it the second-least populous county in Virginia. Bath's county seat is Warm Springs, while the largest community is Hot Springs.

Established in 1790, Bath County was named for the natural hot springs found in the region. The county is known for its mountainous terrain and picturesque landscapes, including the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests.

Hot Springs, Virginia
Hot Springs is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bath County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2020 Census was 524. It is located about 5 miles (8 kilometers) southwest of Warm Springs on U.S. Route 220.

Hot Springs has several historic resorts, for the springs helped develop Bath County.
Irish Parliamentary Party
The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills.

Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)
The Nationalist Party (Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnach) was the continuation of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), and was formed after the partition of Ireland, by the Northern Ireland-based members of the IPP.
Carrick, County Westmeath (civil parish)
Carrick (Irish: An Charraig) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 8 km (5 mi) south of Mullingar.

Carrick is one of 10 civil parishes in the barony of Fartullagh in the province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 3,292.4 acres (13.324 km2).

Carrick civil parish comprises 6 townlands: Brackagh, Carrick, Gaddaghanstown, Higginstown, Robinstown and Walterstown.

The neighbouring civil parishes are: Moylisker to the north, Kilbride to the east and Castlelost and Clonfad to the south.

The N52 road passes through the parish approximately from south to north.

Castlelost (civil parish)
Castlelost (Irish: Caisleán Loiste) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 13 km (8 mi) south of Mullingar.

Castlelost is one of 10 civil parishes in the barony of Fartullagh in the province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 9,444.4 acres (38.2 km2).

Castlelost civil parish comprises the village of Rochfortbridge and 16 townlands: Castlelost, Castlelost West, Clontytallon, Derry, Farthingstown, Gallstown, Garrane, Gneevebane, Gortumly, Kilbrennan, Kiltotan and Collinstown, Oldtown, Piercetown, and Rahanine.

The neighbouring civil parishes are: Carrick, Kilbride and Pass of Kilbride to the north, 
Castlejordan (County Meath) to the east, Castlejordan (County Offaly), Croghan (County Offaly) and Newtown to the south and Clonfad to the West.
Jose Advincula
Jose Lazaro Fuerte Advincula Jr. (born March 30, 1952) is a Filipino friar of the Dominican Order and a prelate of the Catholic Church who has been the 33rd and present metropolitan archbishop of Manila since 2021. He previously served as the bishop of San Carlos from 2001 to 2011, and metropolitan archbishop of Capiz from 2011 to 2021. On December 16, 2020, Pope Francis appointed Advincula as a member of the Dicastery for Clergy, and made him a cardinal in November 2020.

St. Pius X Seminary
The Seminary of St. Pius X (Latin: Seminarium Sancti Pii Decimi), or St. Pius X Seminary (SPXS), is a Roman Catholic secondary school and seminary in the Lawaan hills, Roxas City, Philippines, run by the Catholic priests of the Archdiocese of Capiz. The seminary and its surrounding areas comprise some three hectares of rocky hills. Cardinal Jaime Sin was the first rector of the school. In 1999, the college (Philosophy and Theology) of St. Pius X Seminary transferred to Cagay, Roxas City, and named the school Sancta Maria, Mater et Regina, Seminarium (SMMRS) to honor the Blessed Virgin Mary. SPXS decided to retain and maintain its high school and pre-college until 2012, pre-college was transferred to SMMRS.
Rauddalsvatnet
Rauddalsvatnet is a lake in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 7.4977-square-kilometre (2.8949 sq mi) lake lies just outside the Reinheimen National Park (which surrounds the lake on three sides. The lake sits at an elevation of 916 metres (3,005 ft) above sea level and it has a perimeter of 22.23 kilometres (13.81 mi). The lake sits in a narrow valley with the mountain Skridulaupen to the north and Dyringshøi to the south. The lake lies in an isolated valley, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the village of Bismo.

Skjåk Municipality
Skjåk is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Bismo. Most of the municipal residents live in the Billingsdalen and Ottadalen valleys along the river Otta. The local newspaper is named Fjuken.

The 2,075.5-square-kilometre (801.4 sq mi) municipality is the 33rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Skjåk Municipality is the 273rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,179. The municipality's population density is 1 inhabitant per square kilometre (2.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 5.4% over the previous 10-year period.
St Peter's Church, Marlow
St Peter's Church is a Catholic parish church in Marlow, Buckinghamshire. It started from a mission church founded in 1844 and was completed in 1846. It was designed by Augustus Pugin  in the Gothic Revival style and founded by Charles Scott-Murray. It was the first new Catholic church built in Buckinghamshire since the Reformation, one of the last designed by Pugin and contains the Hand of St James the Apostle, a relic of St James the Apostle's left hand. It is located between St Peter Street and Mill Road near the centre of Marlow. In 1970, an extension was built connected to the church on its northeast side. It was designed by Francis Pollen. It is a Grade II listed building.

Marlow, Buckinghamshire
Marlow (/ˈmɑːrloʊ/ MAR-loh), historically Great Marlow or Chipping Marlow, is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in Buckinghamshire, England, 4 miles (6 km) south-southwest of High Wycombe, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Maidenhead and 33 miles (53 km) west of central London.
St Augustine's Tower, Hackney
St Augustine's Tower stands in St John's Church Gardens, in central Hackney, in the London Borough of Hackney, just off the southern end of the Narrow Way (formerly Church Street). It is all that remains of the early 16th-century parish church of Hackney of St Augustine, which replaced the 13th-century medieval church founded by the Knights of St John. The Tower comprises four stages beneath a restored parapet with diagonal buttressing. A fine working 16th-century turret clock has remained on the third floor of the Tower since at least 1608. The Tower and contents are Grade I listed.

The Tower is seen as a symbol for Hackney, and is represented in the coat of arms of the London Borough of Hackney. During the First World War, it appeared on the cap-badge of the 10th (Hackney) Battalions of the London Regiment, together with the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney motto Justitia Turris Nostra, Latin for Justice is our tower.

Mare Street
Mare Street is a street in the London Borough of Hackney. It has existed since the 15th century, when it was one of the first roads at the centre of the parish.  It was then known as Merestret.  The word mere was either the Old English mǣre meaning a boundary — referring to the boundary with the parish of Stepney — or mere, a large pond which was fed by Hackney Brook.
World Squash
World Squash, brand name of the World Squash Federation Ltd, is the international federation for the indoor racket sport of squash. It is recognised by the International Olympic Committee. It is also a member of the Global Association of International Sports Federations and the Association of the IOC Recognised International Sports Federations.

World Squash Team Championships
The World Squash Team Championships are an international squash competition organised by the World Squash Federation and played between teams representing different nations. Countries enter teams of three or four players to represent them in the championships. In each round of the competition, teams face each other in a best-of-three singles matches contest. The competition is held once every two years, with the venue changing each time. Normally the men's and women's events are held in different years in two locations. Australia have won the championship a record eight times, followed by Pakistan, which have been champions on six occasions.
Sins of the Father (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Sins of the Father" is the 65th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and the 17th episode of the third season.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, the Enterprise's Klingon Chief of Security, Lt. Worf, challenges the Klingon High Council's accusation that his father was a traitor.

This is the first of four appearances of Worf's brother Kurn, each played by actor Tony Todd, in the Star Trek franchise; Kurn last appears on the series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine in the episode "Sons of Mogh" (broadcast February 12, 1996).

Sons of Mogh
"Sons of Mogh" is the 15th episode of the fourth season of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the 87th episode overall.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on the Starfleet-run space station Deep Space Nine near the planet Bajor. This episode focuses on the Klingons, an alien race known for their warrior culture. Worf, the only Klingon officer in Starfleet, receives a visit from his brother Kurn, seeking help to escape the dishonor that has befallen their family.

This is the last of four appearances of Kurn, each played by actor Tony Todd, in the Star Trek franchise; he was first introduced on the series Star Trek: The Next Generation in the episode "Sins of the Father" (broadcast March 19, 1990).
John F. Kennedy Catholic High School (Washington)
Kennedy Catholic High School previously known as John F. Kennedy Memorial High School is a private, day and boarding, college-prep, Catholic high school in Burien, Washington, located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle.

Burien, Washington
Burien (/ˈbjʊəriən/ BURE-ee-ən) is a suburban city in King County, Washington, United States, located south of Seattle on Puget Sound. As of the 2020 census, Burien's population was 52,066, which is a 56.3% increase since incorporation in 1993, making it the 25th most populous city in Washington. An annexation in 2010 increased the city's population significantly.
Gillette's Grist Mill
Gillette's Grist Mill is a historic grist mill on Maple Hollow Road in New Hartford, Connecticut.  Probably built in the mid-19th century, it is an extremely rare example of a grist mill with a surviving water wheel.  The mill property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

New Hartford, Connecticut
New Hartford is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 6,658 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region. The town center is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the New Hartford Center census-designated place (CDP). The town is mainly a rural community consisting of farms, homes, and parks. Brodie Park and Ski Sundown are located in New Hartford.
Privilege escalation
Privilege escalation is the act of exploiting a bug, a design flaw, or a configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user. The result is that an application or user with more privileges than intended by the application developer or system administrator can perform unauthorized actions.

Principle of least privilege
In information security, computer science, and other fields, the Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP), also known as the Principle of Minimal Privilege (PoMP) or the Principle of Least Authority (PoLA), requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module (such as a process, a user, or a program, depending on the subject) must be able to access only the information and resources that are necessary for its legitimate purpose.