hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Drury (sailor)
Robert Drury (born 1687; died between 1743 and 1750) was an English sailor on the Degrave who was shipwrecked at the age of 17 on the island of Madagascar.  He was trapped there for fifteen years.

Upon returning to England, a book allegedly recounting his memoirs was published in his name in 1729. Though it was an instant success, the authenticity of the book would be questioned by later historians.

Modern scholars have proven though that many details in the book are authentic and that the story itself is one of the oldest written historical accounts of life in southern Madagascar during the 18th century.

Menabe
Menabe is a region in western Madagascar, with its capital at Morondava. It covers an area of 46,121 square kilometres (17,807 square miles), and its population was 700,577 in 2018. The population mostly belongs to the Sakalava ethnic group. The region is named after the 18th-century Sakalava Kingdom of Menabe (16th–18th centuries). The name "Menabe", in turn, means "big red", after the color of laterite rock that dominates the landscape.
Bernardino Cervi
Bernardino Cervi or Cerva was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.

Native of Modena, and a scholar of Guido Reni. He possessed an extraordinary genius, and, in the judgment of his excellent instructor, would have reached a high rank in art, had he not been cut off in the prime of his life by the plague, which visited Modena in 1630. His principal works are his frescoes in the cathedral at Modena, in the churches of which city there are some altar-pieces by him, including a series on the Life of St Sebastian in the church of Santa Maria della Pomposa and a Deposition from the Cross in the Este Gallery. There is a print by him, the Martyrdom of St. Sebastian with his name abridged, and the date 1628.

Santa Maria della Pomposa, Modena
The church of Santa Maria della Pomposa in Modena, Italy, is an ancient church in the city, once located at the edge of the city walls. Its name derives from the Pomposa Abbey located near the delta of the Po River.

A religious building at the site was documented by 1153. In 1716, the Duke of Modena, Rinaldo I grants the building to his librarian Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1762 - 1750). Deconsecrated in 1774, along with the Aedes Muratoriana was granted by Duke Ercole III to the confraternity of St Sebastian. The church was reconsecrated in 1814. In 1922 Muratori was buried in the church, with a monument by Ludovico Pogliaghi. Among the works inside are a series of canvases depicting the Life of St Sebastian by Bernardino Cervi and an Enthroned Virgin with saints Sebastiano, Rocco, and Geminano by Giovanni Boulanger, copy of a Correggio painting now in Dresden. The adjacent museum celebrates the life and works of Ludovico Antonio Muratori.

L'interno

La tomba di Muratori
Jos Brink
Jos Brink (19 June 1942 – 17 August 2007) was a Dutch actor, radio and musical performer, film producer, television and radio personality, columnist and author. Brink was also a pastor engaged to the oecumenical congregation De Duif in Amsterdam.

Brink was born in Heiloo, North Holland. He did much to promote acceptance of homosexuality in Dutch society and was a well-known out gay person. He started living with his artistic partner Frank Sanders in 1973.

In a 1979 TV show Thank You, Your Majesty he kissed Queen Juliana (1909–2004) while congratulating her on her 70th birthday.

Heiloo
Heiloo (Dutch pronunciation: [ɦɛiˈloː] ⓘ) is a municipality and town in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. The community is part of the cooperation region Kennemerland and is located in the historical region of West Friesland. Heiloo had a population of 24,144 in 2021.
Milton Chantry
Milton Chantry is a former chantry chapel in Gravesend, Kent England. It houses the Chantry Heritage Centre, displaying a range of exhibits relating to Gravesend, Northfleet, and the nearby villages. It is within the Fort Gardens and is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.

Gravesend
Gravesend /ˌɡreɪvzˈɛnd/ is a town in northwest Kent, England, situated 21 miles (35 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross (central London) on the south bank of the River Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. Located in the Diocese of Rochester, it is the administrative centre of the borough of Gravesham. Gravesend marks the eastern limit of the Greater London Built-up Area, as defined by the UK Office for National Statistics. It had a population of 58,102 in 2021.

Its geographical situation has given Gravesend strategic importance throughout the maritime and communications history of South East England. A Thames Gateway commuter town, it retains strong links with the River Thames, not least through the Port of London Authority Pilot Station, and has witnessed rejuvenation since the advent of High Speed 1 rail services via Gravesend railway station. The station was recently refurbished and has a new bridge.
Usma Parish
Usma Parish (Latvian: Usmas pagasts) is an administrative unit of Ventspils Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 506 (as of 2023) and covers an area of 219.509 km2.

Ventspils Municipality
Ventspils Municipality (Latvian: Ventspils novads; Livonian: Vǟnta mōgõn) is a municipality in Courland, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Piltene town, Ance Parish, Jūrkalne Parish, Piltene rural community (from 2010 Piltene Parish), Pope Parish, Puze Parish, Tārgale Parish, Ugāle Parish, Usma Parish, Užava Parish, Vārve Parish, Ziras Parish and Zlēkas Parish. It is administered from Ventspils city, which is not included within its limits. The population in 2023 was 10,512.
Hans von Trotha
Hans von Trotha,  also known as Hans Trapp (c. 1450 – 1503), was a German knight and marshal of the prince-elector of the Palatinate. He also bore the French honorary title of a Chevalier d’Or. In 1480, the elector enfeoffed him with the two castles of Berwartstein and Grafendahn which lay in the South Palatine part of the Wasgau region within the Palatinate Forest. In local folklore he is known as Hans Trapp or, more rarely, Hans Trott.

Berwartstein Castle
Berwartstein Castle (German: Burg Berwartstein) is a castle in the Wasgau, the southern part of the Palatinate Forest in the state Rhineland-Palatinate in southwestern Germany. It was one of the rock castles that were part of defences of the Palatinate during the Middle Ages. This castle is noted in the publication Works of Preservation of Monuments of Rheinland-Pfalz, which was assembled and edited for the Ministry of Education and Culture. This states that the three prime examples of rock castles in the region are Drachenfels, Altdahn and Berwartstein, castles where the stairs, passages and rooms are carved out of the rock to form part of the accommodation essential to the defence of the castle. Although the Berwartstein appears more complete when compared to the ruins of neighbouring castles, it is only a restoration of the original rock castle. It is the only castle in the Palatinate that was rebuilt and re-inhabited after its demolition.
Rurouni Kenshin: The Beginning
Rurouni Kenshin: The Beginning (Japanese: るろうに剣心 最終章 The Beginning, Hepburn: Rurouni Kenshin Saishūshō Za Biginingu) is a 2021 Japanese jidaigeki action film based on the manga series Rurouni Kenshin by Nobuhiro Watsuki. Written and directed by Keishi Ōtomo, it is the fifth and final installment of the Rurouni Kenshin film series and serves as a prequel, depicting Himura Kenshin's origins as the assassin "Hitokiri Battōsai", while exploring his relationship with the woman named Yukishiro Tomoe.

Rurouni Kenshin: The Beginning was released on June 4, 2021, by Warner Bros. Pictures Japan. The film was produced simultaneously with Rurouni Kenshin: The Final, which was released two months prior, and features elements that tie into each other.

Kasumi Arimura
Kasumi Arimura (有村 架純, Arimura Kasumi; born February 13, 1993), is a Japanese actress. Her television roles have included the young Haruko Amano in the 2013 NHK asadora Amachan and the lead role in the 2017 asadora Hiyokko. She has also appeared in several films, including Flying Colors, for which she won a 39th Japan Academy Film Prize for Newcomer of the Year, and We Made A Beautiful Bouquet, for which she won the 45th Japan Academy Film Prize for Best Actress.
Sigurd Lund Hamran
Sigurd Lund Hamran (24 January 1902 – 4 November 1977) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was born in Flakstad Municipality.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland in 1954, and was re-elected on three occasions. He had previously been a deputy representative in the periods 1945–1949 and 1950–1953. During these terms, from December 1945 to November 1951 he served as a regular representative meanwhile Reidar Carlsen was appointed to the Cabinet.

Hamran was deputy mayor of Moskenes Municipality in the periods 1937–1941, 1955–1959, 1959–1961 and 1962–1963. He had brief spells as mayor in 1945 and 1961, and regained this position during the terms 1963–1967 and 1967–1971.

Moskenes Municipality
Moskenes is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The municipality comprises the southern part of the island of Moskenesøya in the traditional district of Lofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Reine. Other villages include Sørvågen, Hamnøya, and Å.

The 119-square-kilometre (46 sq mi) municipality is the 322nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Moskenes Municipality is the 338th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 954. The municipality's population density is 8 inhabitants per square kilometre (21/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 13.9% over the previous 10-year period.

The municipal government owes 100 million kr (as of 2022), and the significance of this debt has made it difficult to find a neighboring municipality that is interested in merging with Moskenes.
Kinuura Rinkai Railway Hekinan Line
The Kinuura Rinkai Railway Hekinan Line (衣浦臨海鉄道碧南線, Kinuura Rinkai Tetsudō Hekinan-sen) is a freight-only railway line owned and operated by the Kinuura Rinkai Railway in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, since 1977. The line extends 8.2 km (5.1 mi) from Higashiura Station (on the JR Central Taketoyo Line) Higashiura, Aichi to the terminal at Hekinanshi in Hekinan, Aichi.

Higashiura Station
Higashiura Station (東浦駅, Higashiura-eki) is a railway station in the town of Higashiura, Chita District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai). It is also a freight terminal for the Kinuura Rinkai Railway.

Higashiura Station is served by the Taketoyo Line, and is located 6.8 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Ōbu Station.
How Are You? (TV series)
How Are You? (traditional Chinese: 好世謀; simplified Chinese: 好世谋) is a Singapore dialect drama series which is telecast on Singapore's free-to-air channel, Mediacorp Channel 8. It stars  Michelle Yim, Zhu Houren, Chen Liping, Romeo Tan, Sheila Sim, Ya Hui, Desmond Ng, Joshua Tan, Richard Low, Roy Li & Cynthia Koh. This is the fifth dialect drama to be produced on Channel 8. This is also the first mainstream TV drama project with Zheng Geping as executive producer.

A mandarin-dubbed version of the show will aired on Astro AEC at 8.30 PM in Malaysia and Channel 8 at 9.00 PM in Singapore from 3 April 2019, which does not air the opening and ending theme songs. The original dialect version also aired on Malaysia's 8TV.

Desmond Ng
Desmond Ng (born 5 October 1987) is a Singaporean actor, singer, presenter and businessman. Ng debuted in 2009 as a getai singer and in 2015, became the champion of the Mediacorp Getai Challenge. He then signed with Mediacorp The Celebrity Agency as an artiste.
Far-right politics in New Zealand
Far-right politics in New Zealand has been present in New Zealand in the form of the organised advocacy of fascist, far-right, neo-Nazi, white supremacist, and anti-Semitic views by various groups, although fascism has never gained a strong foothold.

Kerry Bolton
Kerry Raymond Bolton is a New Zealand white supremacist writer and political activist. In 1980, Bolton co-founded the Church of Odin as the New Zealand branch of the Australian neopagan organisation, First Anglecyn Church of Odin. He is involved in several nationalist and fascist political groups in New Zealand.
Glad to Be Unhappy
"Glad to Be Unhappy" is a popular song composed by Rodgers and Hart. It was introduced in their 1936 musical On Your Toes, sung by Doris Carson and David Morris, although it was not popular at the time, as there was only one recording of the song. In the 1937 London production, it was sung by Gina Malo and Eddie Pola. The song was performed in the 1954 Broadway revival by Kay Coulter and Joshua Shelley.

Rodgers and Hart
Rodgers and Hart were an American songwriting partnership between composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) and the lyricist Lorenz Hart (1895–1943). They worked together on 28 stage musicals and more than 500 songs from 1919 until Hart's death in 1943.  Many of their songs are classics of the Great American Songbook.
Antimicrobial properties of copper
Copper and its alloys (brasses, bronzes, cupronickel, copper-nickel-zinc, and others) are natural antimicrobial materials. Ancient civilizations exploited the antimicrobial properties of copper long before the concept of microbes became understood in the nineteenth century. In addition to several copper medicinal preparations, it was also observed centuries ago that water contained in copper vessels or transported in copper conveyance systems was of better quality (i.e., no or little visible slime or biofouling formation) than water contained or transported in other materials.

The antimicrobial properties of copper are still under active investigation. Molecular mechanisms responsible for the antibacterial action of copper have been a subject of intensive research. Scientists are also actively demonstrating the intrinsic efficacy of copper alloy "touch surfaces" to destroy a wide range of microorganisms that threaten public health.

Oligodynamic effect
The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos, "few", and dynamis, "force") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. This effect is attributed to the antibacterial behavior of metal ions, which are absorbed by bacteria upon contact and damage their cell membranes.

In modern times, the effect was observed by Carl Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs, brass handrails, and silverware all exhibit this effect to an extent.
Kalix River
The Kalix River (in Kalix dialect: kölisälva, Swedish: proper Kalix älv or in everyday language Kalixälven, Northern Sami: Gáláseatnu, In Meänkieli the lower part of the river is called Kaihnuunväylä, while the upper part is called Kaalasväylä) is one of the four major rivers of Norrland, northern Sweden, that are untouched by water power constructions. It is 461 kilometres long, flowing up to the Kebnekaise mountain range in Kiruna Municipality. In the southeast it flows through Lappland; and to the south through Norrbotten County, discharging in the Gulf of Bothnia south-east of Kalix.

The Kalix River is the third river by length in Norrbotten, with the Torne River being 522 km and the Lule River being only slightly longer at 460.81 km

Major tributaries are Tvärån, Ängesån and Tärendö River, which is a bifurcation river taking water from Torne River.

Its largest waterfall is Jokkfall, in Överkalix Municipality.

Kiruna Municipality
Kiruna Municipality (Swedish: Kiruna kommun; Northern Sami: Giron gielda; Meänkieli: Kierunan kunta; Finnish: Kiirunan kunta) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northernmost Sweden. Its seat is located in Kiruna. It is the northernmost municipality in Sweden, and at 20,715 square kilometres (7,998 sq mi) is Sweden's geographically largest covering roughly 4.604% of its total area. Finnish, Meänkieli and Sami have the official status of being minority languages in the municipality.
Hanover–Berlin high-speed railway
The Hanover–Berlin high-speed railway is a 258-kilometre (160 mi) high-speed rail line linking the German cities of Hanover and Berlin.

The Wolfsburg-Berlin section was built as a new line and runs largely parallel to the Lehrter Bahn (the old Berlin-Hanover railway) opened in 1871. The whole line was opened officially on 15 September 1998 and has been in commercial service since 20 September 1998.

The overall Hanover-Berlin project (including the reorganization and upgrading of the Lehrter Bahn) was carried out as German unity rail project no 4 (VDE 4) of the federal transport plan.

German Reunification Transport Projects
The German Reunification Transport Projects or German Unity Transport Projects (German: Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit), commonly known by their German initials VDE, are a set of major construction projects to increase and improve transport links between Eastern and Western Germany after German reunification. These projects are planned to positively impact regional development and infrastructure in the new federal states and across the inner German border.
Ryszardów, Kutno County
Ryszardów [rɨˈʂarduf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łanięta, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) west of Łanięta, 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Kutno, and 65 km (40 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Łanięta
Gmina Łanięta is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Łanięta, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Kutno and 65 km (40 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 54.76 square kilometres (21.1 sq mi), and the total population of Gmina Łanięta was 2,673, as of 2006.
AC927
AC927 or 1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine is a selective sigma receptor antagonist, with reported binding affinity of Ki = 30 ± 2 nM for the sigma-1 receptor and Ki = 138 ± 18 nM for the sigma-2 receptor, and negligible binding affinity for other major central nervous system receptors, transporters, and ion channels.

AC927 is reported to attenuate the locomotor stimulation induced by methamphetamine in mice.

Sigma receptor
Sigma receptors (σ-receptors) are protein receptors that bind ligands such as 4-PPBP (4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl) piperidine), SA 4503 (cutamesine), ditolylguanidine, dimethyltryptamine, and siramesine. There are two subtypes, sigma-1 receptors (σ1) and sigma-2 receptors (σ2), which are classified as sigma receptors for their pharmacological similarities, even though they are evolutionarily unrelated. Some early literature proposed a third subtype ("sigma-3") based on phenylaminotetralin (PAT) ligands, but later work showed this binding corresponded to the histamine H1 receptor; "sigma-3" is not recognized in current nomenclature.

The fungal protein ERG2, a C-8 sterol isomerase, falls into the same protein family as sigma-1. Both localize to the ER membrane, although sigma-1 is also reported to be a cell surface receptor. Sigma-2 is an EXPERA domain protein with a mostly intracellular (ER membrane) localization.
Church of the Misericórdia de Valadares
The Church of the Miserícordia de Valadares (Portuguese: Igreja da Misericórdia de Valadares), or Church of Mercy/Charity of Valadares, is a 17th–18th-century Portuguese church located in the civil parish of Valadares, municipality of Monção in continental Portugal. The church was classified as Property of Public Interest in 1961.

Monção
Monção (Portuguese pronunciation: [mõˈsɐ̃w] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the Alto Minho subregion of Portugal. It is situated on the southern bank of the Minho River, which serves as the natural border between Portugal and Spain. Directly across the river lies the Spanish town of Salvaterra de Miño, with which it forms the Monção–Salvaterra de Miño Eurocity. The population in 2011 was 19,230, in an area of 211.31 km2. The current mayor is the Social Democrat António Barbosa. The municipal holiday is March 12.
Covington, Ohio
Covington is a village in Miami County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,548 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village was incorporated as Covington in 1835 on the site of the 1793 Fort Rowdy.

Dayton metropolitan area
Metro Dayton or  the Miami Valley, or more formally the Dayton–Kettering–Beavercreek, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of three counties in the Miami Valley region of Ohio and is anchored by the city of Dayton. As of 2020, it is the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Ohio and the 73rd-largest metropolitan area by population
Złotoryjsko
Złotoryjsko [zwɔtɔˈrɨi̯skɔ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is close to the Warta river, between Mściszewo and Promnice.

Gmina Murowana Goślina
Gmina Murowana Goślina is a village gmina (administrative district) in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Murowana Goślina, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań. The gmina consists of Murowana Goślina and the countryside and villages mainly to the north and east of that town. Much of the eastern part of the gmina is covered by the forests of the Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park.

The gmina covers an area of 162.84 square kilometres (62.9 sq mi), and as of 2023 its total population is 15,766 (out of which the population of Murowana Goślina amounts to 10,140, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,626).
Bernoulli process
In probability and statistics, a Bernoulli process (named after Jacob Bernoulli) is a finite or infinite sequence of binary random variables, so it is a discrete-time stochastic process that takes only two values, canonically 0 and 1. The component Bernoulli variables Xi are identically distributed and independent.  Prosaically, a Bernoulli process is a repeated coin flipping, possibly with an unfair coin (but with consistent unfairness).  Every variable Xi in the sequence is associated with a Bernoulli trial or experiment. They all have the same Bernoulli distribution. Much of what can be said about the Bernoulli process can also be generalized to more than two outcomes (such as the process for a six-sided die); this generalization is known as the Bernoulli scheme.

The problem of determining the process, given only a limited sample of Bernoulli trials, may be called the problem of checking whether a coin is fair.

Markov odometer
In mathematics, a Markov odometer is a certain type of topological dynamical system. It plays a fundamental role in ergodic theory and especially in orbit theory of dynamical systems, since a theorem of H. Dye asserts that every ergodic nonsingular transformation is orbit-equivalent to a Markov odometer.

The basic example of such system is the "nonsingular odometer", which is an additive topological group defined on the product space of discrete spaces, induced by addition defined as , where . This group can be endowed with the structure of a dynamical system; the result is a conservative dynamical system.

The general form, which is called "Markov odometer", can be constructed through Bratteli–Vershik diagram to define Bratteli–Vershik compactum space together with a corresponding transformation.