hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anthony Brooke
Anthony Walter Dayrell Brooke (10 December 1912 – 2 March 2011) was proclaimed the Rajah Muda (heir apparent; Malay: Yang Amat Mulia Tuan Rajah Muda Sarawak) on 25 March 1939, by his uncle, Rajah of Sarawak, Charles Vyner Brooke, the third and last ruling White Rajah. Later in his life he was a peace activist founding the organisation Operation Peace Through Unity. He died in Whanganui, New Zealand.

Brooke was the son of Bertram, Tuan Muda of Sarawak and Gladys Milton Palmer, daughter of Sir Walter Palmer, 1st Baronet, and heir to part of the Huntley & Palmers biscuit fortune.

White Rajahs
The White Rajahs of Sarawak were a hereditary monarchy of the Brooke family, who founded and ruled the Raj of Sarawak as a sovereign state, located on the northwest coast of the island of Borneo in Maritime Southeast Asia, from 1841 to 1946. Of British origin, the first ruler, James Brooke was granted the province of Kuching – which was known as Sarawak Asal (Original Sarawak) – by the Sultanate of Brunei for helping fight piracy and insurgency among the indigenous peoples in 1841 and received independent kingdom status.

Based on descent through the male line in accordance with the will of James Brooke, the White Rajahs' dynasty continued through Brooke's nephew and grandnephew, the latter of whom ceded his rights over Sarawak to the United Kingdom in 1946, which was made a Crown colony. His nephew had been the legal heir to the throne and objected to the cession, as did most of the Sarawak members of the Council Negri.
Napoléonsgaard
Napoleonsgaart is a hill in the commune of Rambrouch, in western Luxembourg.  It is 554 metres (1,818 ft) tall, and lies to the north-east of Schwiedelbrouch.

Napoleonsgaart is the third-highest summit in Luxembourg and the highest point in the Canton of Redange.

Rambrouch
Rambrouch (Luxembourgish: Rammerech or (locally) Rammerich; German: Rambruch [ˈʁambʁʊx]) is a commune and small town in western Luxembourg, in the canton of Redange. It lies close to the border with Belgium.

Rambrouch was formed on 1 January 1979 from the former communes of Arsdorf, Bigonville, Folschette, and Perlé, all in Redange canton.  The law creating Rambrouch was passed on 27 July 1978.

As of 2025, the town of Rambrouch, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 586.
Northern Line Embankment, High Barnet
The Northern line Embankment between Totteridge and Whetstone and High Barnet tube stations on the Northern line is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II, in the London Borough of Barnet.

It has typical suburban railway vegetation, with low brambles and light secondary woodland. The wooded areas have been naturally colonised, with the main trees being silver birch, sycamore and ash. It also provides an excellent habitat for small birds. The site's main importance is that it has one of Barnet's few colonies of common lizard, due partly to the freedom from cats, dogs and people, and the absence of pesticides.

The embankment can be viewed from a road bridge between Whetstone High Road and Brook Farm Open Space car park, and from a footbridge between Walfield Avenue and Wyatts Farm Open Space.

Totteridge & Whetstone tube station
Totteridge & Whetstone (/ˈtɒtərɪdʒ ənd ˈwɛtstoʊn/) is a London Underground station. It is located in both Totteridge and Whetstone in the London Borough of Barnet, North London. The station is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, between High Barnet and Woodside Park stations. It is in London fare zone 4. It was first built in 1872.

The station is on the north side of Totteridge Lane (A5109), to the east of the Dollis Brook, the traditional boundary between Totteridge and Whetstone, so narrowly in the latter.
Pertussis toxin
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection. Research suggests PT may have a therapeutic role in treating a number of common human ailments, including hypertension, viral infection, and autoimmunity.

AB5 toxin
The AB5 toxins are six-component protein complexes secreted by certain pathogenic bacteria known to cause human diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and hemolytic–uremic syndrome. One component is known as the A subunit, and the remaining five components are B subunits.  All of these toxins share a similar structure and mechanism for entering targeted host cells. The B subunit is responsible for binding to receptors to open up a pathway for the A subunit to enter the cell. The A subunit is then able to use its catalytic machinery to take over the host cell's regular functions.
João Rodrigues Tçuzu
João Rodrigues (1561 or 1562 – 1633 or 1634), distinguished as Tçuzu and also known by other names in China and Korea, was a Portuguese sailor, warrior, and Jesuit interpreter, missionary, priest, and scholar in Japan and China.

He is now best known for his linguistic works on the Japanese language, including The Art of the Japanese Language. He collaborated with the Society of Jesus in Japan to compile the work, and he is widely regarded as the principal compiler of the Nippo Jisho, the first Japanese–Portuguese dictionary, published in 1603.

Hongyipao
Hongyipao (Chinese: 紅夷炮/紅衣炮; pinyin: hóngyípào; lit. 'red barbarian cannon/red coat cannon'; Vietnamese: hồng di pháo) was the Chinese name for Portuguese-style muzzle-loading culverins introduced to China and Korea from the Portuguese colony of Macau and with the help of Portuguese diplomats and advisors in the Beijing imperial Court like João Rodrigues.
Esprit Systems
Esprit Systems Inc. was a vendor of computer terminal products created as a spin-off from Hazeltine Corporation's terminal division in January 1983. The name refers to the Hazeltine Esprit terminal, which division management felt the parent company was not properly marketing. The company sold a variety of terminals, adding other computer peripherals with their purchase of Percom in 1984. The new company quickly ran into financial difficulty and sold 49% of the company to its primary Taiwanese manufacturer, ADI Corporation, in March 1986, followed by a majority of purchase by ADI in 1988. By the early 2000s, their primary products were Windows CE-based thin client terminals. The last updates to the company web page were in 2003.

ADI Corporation
ADI Corporation (Advanced Data International) is a defunct Taiwanese manufacturing company active from 1979 to the 2000s. Its primary export was computer hardware—chiefly computer monitors—through its American subsidiary ADI Systems. For a time, it was the fifth largest monitor manufacturer in the world, with major customers including Apple, Compaq, and Optiquest.
Vibius (praenomen)
Vibius is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was occasionally used throughout the period of the Roman Republic and perhaps into imperial times. It gave rise to the patronymic gens Vibia. The feminine form is Vibia. As a praenomen, it was usually abbreviated V.

Although never especially common, the praenomen Vibius appears in a number of Roman families, including the gentes Anicia, Curia, Octavia, Oppia, Sestia, Sextia, and Vedia. The Sestii are the only patrician family known to have used the name, which, like many other praenomina, appears to have been more common in the countryside than at Rome.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Kawasaki Ninja 1000
The Kawasaki Ninja 1000 SX (sold in some markets as the Ninja 1000, Z1000S or Z1000SX) is a motorcycle in the Ninja series from the Japanese manufacturer Kawasaki sold since 2011. Other than its name, it is unrelated to the Ninja 1000R produced from  1986–89, or to other Ninja motorcycles.

It is generally characterized as a fully faired sibling of the Z1000 streetfighter, sharing the same 1,043cc liquid-cooled, electronic fuel-injected, 16-valve four-stroke Transverse engine and aluminum twin-tube backbone frame, but with ergonomics, storage, larger fuel tank and other design elements more oriented to the sport touring market. The Ninja 1000 is also fitted with an electronic speed limiter, not because it is capable of exceeding the 300 km/h (186 mph) agreed to in the gentlemen's agreement but apparently to keep its top speed the same as the unfaired and unlimited Z1000.

Kawasaki Ninja
The Kawasaki Ninja is a name given to several series of Kawasaki sport bikes that started with the 1984 GPZ900R. Kawasaki Heavy Industries trademarked a version of the word Ninja in the form of a wordmark, a stylised script, for use on "motorcycles and spare parts thereof".
Gardiquimod
Gardiquimod  is an experimental drug which acts selectively at both mouse and human forms of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). It functions as an immune response modifier. The core structure is 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline, as found in related drugs such as imiquimod and resiquimod. It is structurally very similar to resiquimod differing only by an oxygen for nitrogen switch.

Resiquimod
Resiquimod (R-848) is a drug that acts as an immune response modifier, and has antiviral and antitumour activity. It is used as a topical gel in the treatment of skin lesions such as those caused by the herpes simplex virus and cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and as an adjuvant to increase the effectiveness of vaccines. In an animal disease model, systemic administration of resiquimod-loaded nanoparticles has been shown to improve response rates to cancer immunotherapy with a checkpoint inhibitor through stimulation of tumor-associated macrophages. It has several mechanisms of action, being both an agonist for toll-like receptor 7 and 8, and an upregulator of the opioid growth factor receptor.
On 28 April 2016, orphan designation (EU/3/16/1653) was granted by the European Commission to Galderma R&D, France for resiquimod to be used in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Guy Gibson
Wing Commander Guy Penrose Gibson, VC, DSO & Bar, DFC & Bar (12 August 1918 – 19 September 1944) was a distinguished bomber pilot in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He was the first Commanding Officer of No. 617 Squadron, which he led in the "Dam Busters" raid in 1943, resulting in the breaching of two large dams in the Ruhr area of Germany. He was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, in the aftermath of the raid in May 1943 and became the most highly decorated British serviceman at that time. He completed over 170 war operations before being killed in action at the age of 26.

Operation Chastise
Operation Chastise, commonly known as the Dambusters Raid, was an attack on German dams carried out on the night of 16/17 May 1943 by 617 Squadron RAF Bomber Command, later called the Dam Busters, using special bouncing bombs developed by Barnes Wallis. The Möhne and Edersee dams were breached, causing catastrophic flooding of the Ruhr valley and of villages in the Eder valley; the Sorpe Dam sustained only minor damage. Two hydroelectric power stations were destroyed and several more damaged. Factories and mines were also damaged and destroyed. An estimated 1,600 civilians – about 600 Germans and 1,000 enslaved labourers, mainly Soviet – were killed by the flooding. Despite rapid repairs by the Germans, production did not return to normal until September. The RAF lost 56 aircrew, with 53 dead and three captured, amid losses of eight aircraft.
Linked Data Platform
Linked Data Platform (LDP) is a linked data specification defining a set of integration patterns for building RESTful HTTP services that are capable of read/write of RDF data.

The Linked Data Platform allows use of RESTful HTTP to consume, create, update and delete both RDF and non-RDF resources. In addition, it defines a set of "container" constructs – buckets into which documents can be added with a relationship between the bucket and the object similar to the relationship between a blog and its constituent blog posts.

Linked data
In computing, linked data is structured data which is associated with ("linked" to) other data. Interlinking makes the data more useful through semantic queries. 
Tim Berners-Lee, director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), coined the term in a 2006 design note about the Semantic Web project.
Part of the vision of linked data is for the Internet to become a global database.

Linked data builds upon standard Web technologies such as HTTP, RDF and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages and hyperlinks only for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers (machine readable).
Linked data may also be open data, in which case it is usually described as Linked Open Data.
Augusta High School (Kentucky)
Augusta Independent School is a public school in Augusta, Kentucky, United States, for pre-kindergarten through the twelfth grade.  It is the only school in the Augusta Independent Schools school district in Bracken County, Kentucky, founded in 1887.

Augusta, Kentucky
Augusta is a home rule-class city in Bracken County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is located upon the southern bank of the Ohio River. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 1,096. When Bracken County was organized in 1796, Augusta was the county seat. In 1839, a new county courthouse was built at a more central location in Brooksville. The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1850.
Nenad Mišović
Nenad Mišović was a Serbian-born Swedish resident sentenced to life in prison for the murder of Ratko Djokić in May 2003. The prosecution argued that Mišović worked as a hit man on behalf of gangster Rade Kotur. Though uncooperative with investigations into Kotur's activities during his trial, after conviction Mišović provided police with details of his recruitment by Kotur to carry out attacks against Djokić in Skärholmen in 2003, and against another man in the Stockholm suburb of Fisksätra in 2002.

Prior to his arrival in Sweden in 2002, Mišović was in Serbia where he was involved in organized crime, he left the country to avoid arrest.

In August 2008 Mišović was tried alongside Kotur for the Fisksätra murder attempt. On trial he recanted his earlier testimony regarding his work for Kotur.
Nenade died 2021.07.21 in Norrtälje prison.

Rade Kotur
Rade Kotur (born c. 1952) is a Bosnian Serb living in Sweden, where he has run a gambling empire and been involved in organized crime. Swedish newspapers have dubbed him "The Gambling King". In March 2009, he was sentenced to 14 years in prison for instigating a murder, illegal gambling, and various forms of tax evasion.
Sakuma, Shizuoka
Sakuma (佐久間町, Sakuma-chō) was a town located in Iwata District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

At the time of its merger, the town had an estimated population of 5,394 and a density of 32 persons per km2. The total area was 168.53 km2.

On July 1, 2005, Sakuma, along with the cities of Tenryū and Hamakita, the town of Haruno (from Shūchi District), the towns of Hosoe, Inasa and Mikkabi (all from Inasa District), the town of Misakubo, the village of Tatsuyama (all from Iwata District), and the towns of Maisaka and Yūtō (both from Hamana District), was merged into the expanded city of Hamamatsu, and is now part of Tenryū-ku, Hamamatsu City.

Sakuma is the location of the Sakuma Dam, an important hydroelectric power plant, and a frequency converter station that permits exchange of power between Japan's two different power systems. Japan's grids are also connected by two other stations, located at Higashi-Shimizu and Shin Shinano.

Misakubo, Shizuoka
Misakubo (水窪町, Misakubo-chō) was a town which was located in Iwata District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

At the time of its merger, the town had an estimated population of 3,219 and a density of 11.86 persons per km2. The total area was 271.28 km2.

On July 1, 2005, Misakubo, along with the cities of Tenryū and Hamakita, the town of Haruno (from Shūchi District), the towns of Hosoe, Inasa and Mikkabi (all from Inasa District), the town of Sakuma, the village of Tatsuyama (all from Iwata District), and the towns of Maisaka and Yūtō (both from Hamana District), was merged into the expanded city of Hamamatsu, and is now part of Tenryū-ku, Hamamatsu City.

Misakubo is located on the Iida-sen (Iida Line) which runs from Toyohashi in Aichi Prefecture to Iida in Nagano Prefecture.
Awo, Imo
Awo-Idemili is the headquarters of Orsu local government, Imo State, southeastern Nigeria. It is located near the city of Orlu.

The former Imo state Governor, chief Achike Udenwa announced the creation of the autonomous community. Awo-Idemili broke into five autonomous communities:

ISIAMA autonomous community (including Isieke and Amaimo)

OKWU-AMARAIHE autonomous community (including Ezeogwu, Ubahaeze, Obibi and Amadi)

OKWU-FURUAKU autonomous community (including Ahaba, Ohukabia, Amaokwu and Ubahaezedeke)

ETITI autonomous community (including Edenta and Ubahaezike)

AWO-IDEMILI autonomous community (including Ede)

Edenta
Edenta is a village located in the southeastern part of Awo-Idemili, in Imo State, Nigeria. It is an Igbo heartland, where many are struggling to make a better place. Edenta is one of Nigeria's local towns that still maintain their cultures and identities.
Nemegos, Ontario
Nemegos is an unincorporated place and community in geographic Halsey Township in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the Nemegosenda River in the James Bay drainage basin, and also is on the Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental main line, between the railway points of Devon to the west and Tophet to the east.

Tophet, Ontario
Tophet is an unincorporated place and railway point in geographic Mountbatten Township in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is on Tophet Creek in the James Bay drainage basin.

Tophet is on the Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental main line, between the community of Nemegos to the west and the railway point of Kinogama to the east. It is passed but not served by the Via Rail Sudbury – White River train.

During 2012 a film, The Road to Tophet, was filmed and is set in Chapleau and Tophet.
Incertae sedis (Arctiinae)
The large moth subfamily Arctiinae (the tiger moths), contains the following genera that have not yet been classified into one of the three tribes in the subfamily. This is a list of 167 extant genera, representing around 732 extant species, (plus one monotypic enxinct genus) out of more than 9,000 in the whole of Arctiinae.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
75th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 75th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was a unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War.  It was composed almost entirely of German-speaking residents of Philadelphia and newly arrived German immigrants.  Total enrollment, over the course of the war, was 1,293 officers and men.   The 75th Pennsylvania participated in several major battles including Second Bull Run, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg.   The regiment was transferred to the Western Theater in September, 1863.  There, it participated in operations in Tennessee, before it was mustered out of service on September 1, 1865, following the close of the war.

Henry Bohlen
Henry Bohlen (October 22, 1810 – August 22, 1862) was a German-American Union Brigadier General of the American Civil War. Before becoming the first foreign-born Union general in the Civil War, he fought in the Mexican-American War (on the U.S. side), and in the Crimean War (on the French side).
Brown v Tasmania
Brown v Tasmania, was a significant Australian court case, decided in the High Court of Australia on 18 October 2017. The case was an important decision about the implied freedom of political communication in the Australian Constitution in which the majority held that provisions of the Tasmanian Protesters Act were invalid as a burden on the implied freedom of political communication in a way that was not reasonably appropriate and adapted, or proportionate, to the legitimate purpose of protecting businesses and their operations.

Implied freedom of political communication
At the  Federal level in Australia, there is no explicitly stated protection for freedom of expression in legislation nor the Australian Constitution. Instead, the Constitution implies a freedom of political communication through an interpretation of Section 7 and Section 24. The principle was established by  High Court rulings in 1992.

The implied freedom of political communication serves as a negative right, since it restricts the legislative power of Commonwealth and State parliaments.

The McCloy v New South Wales case refined a  proportionality  test, for assessing a law's compatibility with the implied freedom of political communication.
Flagellant confraternities
Central Italian flagellant confraternities evolved and emerged from Central Italian confraternities that originated in the tenth century. The members of these original confraternities were lay persons (usually men, but sometimes women) who were devoted to religious life.

These groups promoted religious life but were independent of the church and offered an alternative form of service for those church members who did not want to commit themselves to the strict behaviors of monastic or convent life. Members of confraternities were usually wealthy citizens, with high profiles in the society, who assisted with religious rites by making financial donations and by reciting Masses.

Some confraternities were guided by the acts of mercy based on the New Testament parable The Sheep and the Goats. From this parable, the church had drawn Seven Acts of Corporal Mercy.

In the present-day, these are known as confraternities of penitents.

Confraternity of penitents
Confraternities of penitents (Spanish: Cofradía Penitencial; Italian: Fratellanza penitenziale; Portuguese: Irmandade Penitencial) are Christian religious congregations, with statutes prescribing various penitential works; they are especially popular in the Catholic Church. Members of the confraternities of penitents practice mortification of the flesh through fasting, the use of the discipline, the wearing of a hair shirt, among other instruments of penance, etc.