hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sperner's lemma
In mathematics, Sperner's lemma is a combinatorial result on colorings of triangulations, analogous to the Brouwer fixed point theorem, which is equivalent to it. It states that every Sperner coloring (described below) of a triangulation of an -dimensional simplex contains a cell whose vertices all have different colors.

The initial result of this kind was proved by Emanuel Sperner, in relation with proofs of invariance of domain.  Sperner colorings have been used for effective computation of fixed points and in root-finding algorithms, and are applied in fair division (cake cutting) algorithms.

According to the Soviet Mathematical Encyclopaedia (ed. I.M. Vinogradov), a related 1929 theorem (of Knaster, Borsuk and Mazurkiewicz) had also become known as the Sperner lemma – this point is discussed in the English translation (ed. M. Hazewinkel). It is now commonly known as the Knaster–Kuratowski–Mazurkiewicz lemma.

PPAD (complexity)
In computer science, PPAD ("Polynomial Parity Arguments on Directed graphs") is a complexity class introduced by Christos Papadimitriou in 1994. PPAD is a subclass of TFNP based on functions that can be shown to be total by a parity argument.  The class attracted significant attention in the field of algorithmic game theory because it contains the problem of computing a Nash equilibrium: this problem was shown to be complete for PPAD by Daskalakis, Goldberg and Papadimitriou with at least 3 players and later extended by Chen and Deng to 2 players.
Georgia State Route 2
State Route 2 (SR 2) is a 165-mile-long (266 km) east-west State highway  in the far North-northern part of Georgia. The highway serves southern suburbs of Chattanooga, Tennessee, as well as much of the mountains in the northern part of the state. It traverses the counties of Walker, Catoosa, Whitfield, Murray, Gilmer, Fannin, Union, Towns, and Rabun. It connects Flintstone, in the northwestern part of the state, with the South Carolina state line southeast of Clayton in the northern part and the northeastern part of the state. It also travels through Fort Oglethorpe, Ringgold, Ellijay, Blue Ridge, Blairsville, and Hiawassee. Parts of the highway in the Whitfield and Murray county area are designated as the Cohutta–Chattahoochee Scenic Byway.

Walker County, Georgia
Walker County is a county in the northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 67,654, down from 68,756 in 2010. The county seat is LaFayette. The county was created on December 18, 1833, from land formerly belonging to the Cherokee Indian Nation. Walker County is part of the Chattanooga TN/GA metropolitan statistical area.
Chad Chronister
Chad Gregory Chronister (born 1967/1968) is an American law enforcement officer and politician who has served as the sheriff of Hillsborough County, Florida since 2017. On November 30, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Chronister as Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration. He withdrew himself from consideration on December 3, 2024.

Hillsborough County, Florida
Hillsborough County is located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. In the 2020 census, the population was 1,459,762, making it the fourth-most populous county in Florida and the most populous county outside the Miami metropolitan area. An estimate in 2021 shows the population of Hillsborough County at 1,512,070 people with a yearly growth rate of 1.34%, which itself is greater than the populations of 12 states according to their 2019 population estimates. Its county seat and largest city is Tampa. Hillsborough County is part of the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Osvaldo Ribó
Andrés Bartolomé Osuna (30 November 1927 – 19 April 2015), better known by his stage name Osvaldo Ribó, was an Argentine tango singer. He was the father of British actress Olivia Hussey (1951–2024) and the grandfather of American actress India Eisley.

India Eisley
India Eisley (born October 29, 1993) is an American actress. On television, she is best known for her roles as Ashley Juergens in the ABC Family series The Secret Life of the American Teenager (2008–2013), Audrina in the Lifetime film My Sweet Audrina (2016), and Fauna Hodel in the TNT series I Am the Night (2019). Her films include Underworld: Awakening (2012), Kite (2014), Social Suicide (2015) and Look Away (2018).
Arma (series)
Arma (sometimes stylized as ArmA) is a series of first- and third-person military tactical shooters developed by Czech game developer Bohemia Interactive and originally released for Microsoft Windows. The series centers around realistic depictions of modern warfare (1980's cold-war era to speculative near-future settings) various perspectives. Combined arms warfare is depicted, and while the series primarily focuses on infantry, the games have a wide selection of usable vehicles, including combat vehicles, armored fighting vehicles, military helicopters, multirole combat aircraft, motorboats, and civilian passenger vehicles. Arma was originally conceived as a spiritual successor to Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis after Bohemia Interactive lost the intellectual rights to the series. The first installment was released in 2006 and the most recent in 2022.

Third-person shooter
Third-person shooter (TPS) is a subgenre of 3D shooter games in which the gameplay consists primarily of shooting. It is closely related to first-person shooters, but with the player character visible on-screen during play. While 2D shoot 'em up games also employ a third-person perspective, the TPS genre is distinguished by having the game presented with the player's avatar as a primary focus of the camera's view.
Mechanicsville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Mechanicsville is an unincorporated community in Buckingham Township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Mechanicsville is located at the intersection of Pennsylvania Route 413 and Mechanicsville Road.

Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Bucks County is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538, making it the fourth-most populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Doylestown. The county is named after the English county of Buckinghamshire. The county is part of the Southeast region of the commonwealth.

The county represents the northern boundary of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area.

To its southwest, Bucks County borders Montgomery County and Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city. To its east, the county borders the Delaware River and U.S. state of New Jersey. To its north, the county borders Lehigh and Northampton counties in the state's Lehigh Valley region. The county is approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.
Krystal Ball
Krystal Marie Ball (born November 24, 1981) is an American political commentator and media host. She was previously a political candidate, as well as co-host on the MSNBC show The Cycle, a regular contributor to The Huffington Post, and a co-host of The Hill's Rising along with Saagar Enjeti. In May 2021, Ball and Enjeti announced that they were leaving the show in order to launch their own independent project titled Breaking Points with Krystal and Saagar. Ball is a co-host with her husband Kyle Kulinski on the podcast Krystal Kyle & Friends.

Ball was the Democratic Party nominee for Congress in Virginia's 1st congressional district in the 2010 election, losing to Republican incumbent Rob Wittman.  In May 2017, she created the People's House Project, a political action committee working on behalf of Democratic causes.

2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
The 2010 congressional elections in Virginia were held November 2, 2010, to determine who will represent the state of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 112th Congress from January 2011 until January 2013.

Primary elections were held on June 9, 2010. After a poor showing in 2008, the Republican Party made significant gains and defeated three Democratic incumbents. Republicans would go onto hold a majority of House districts in Virginia until 2018.
2013 Malaysian Open – Singles
Hsieh Su-wei was the defending champion, but she lost in the quarterfinals to Bethanie Mattek-Sands. Karolína Plíšková defeated Mattek-Sands in the final, 1–6, 7–5, 6–3, to claim her first WTA singles title.

Luksika Kumkhum
Luksika "Luk" Kumkhum (Thai: ลักษิกา คำขำ; RTGS: Laksika Khamkham; born 21 July 1993) is a Thai tennis player. She turned professional in 2011, and reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 66 on 19 November 2018. On 16 July 2018, she peaked at No. 86 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Awatere River
The Awatere River is a large river flowing through Marlborough, New Zealand. Flowing along the trace of the active Awatere Fault, it runs northeast through a straight valley to the west of the Inland Kaikōura mountains. This valley is parallel with that of the Waiau Toa / Clarence River, 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the south.

It flows for 110 kilometres (68 mi) from its source in the mountainous interior to reach Cook Strait close to the town of Seddon.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "swift river" for Awatere in Māori.

Kaikōura Ranges
The Kaikōura Ranges are two parallel ranges of mountains located in the Canterbury Region in the northeast of the South Island of New Zealand. The two ranges are visible from a great distance, including from the southern coast of the North Island.
Abu Qubays, Syria
Abu Qubays (Arabic: أبو قبيس also spelled Abu Qobeis, Abu Qubais or Bu Kubais; also known as Qartal) is a former medieval castle and currently an inhabited village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northwest of Hama. It is situated in the al-Ghab plain, west of the Orontes River. Nearby localities include Daliyah 21 kilometers to the west, al-Laqbah to the south, Deir Shamil to the southeast, Tell Salhab to the northeast and Nahr al-Bared further northeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Abu Qubays had a population of 758 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
East L.A. Breeze
East L.A. Breeze is the fifth studio album of the indie group Brazzaville. For the first time this CD was released by a Soyuz Records sub-label Zakat in 2006. Until released by some Western record label, the album's been available only in CIS.

All songs are written by David Arthur Brown, except "Star Called Sun" which features music by Viktor Tsoi (Виктор Цой), the leader of the Soviet rock band Kino (Кино).

Brazzaville (band)
Brazzaville is an American indie pop band founded in 1997 by David Brown. It was named after Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo. Brown was at one time Beck's saxophonist and took part in recording of Odelay and Midnite Vultures.

On May 7, 2009, David Brown officially announced the dissolution of the band, stating that he would henceforth be recording and releasing music under the name David Arthur Brown, albeit with "many of the wonderful musicians who have contributed to Brazzaville records." However, June 23, 2009, David once again announced that the band will continue to exist in parallel with a solo career.
Surfeit of Lampreys
Surfeit of Lampreys is a detective novel by Ngaio Marsh; it is the tenth novel to feature Roderick Alleyn, and was first published in 1941. The novel was published as Death of a Peer in the United States.

The plot concerns the murder of a British peer, a theme to which Marsh would return.

Roderick Alleyn
Roderick Alleyn (pronounced "Allen") is a fictional character who first appeared in 1934. He is the policeman hero of the 32 detective novels of Ngaio Marsh. Marsh and her gentleman detective belong firmly in the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, although the last Alleyn novel, Light Thickens, was published in 1982.

Marsh mentions in an introduction that she named her detective Alleyn after the Elizabethan actor Edward Alleyn, founder of Dulwich College, where her father had been a pupil. She started a novel with Alleyn in 1931, after reading a detective story by Agatha Christie or Dorothy L. Sayers on a wet Saturday afternoon in London and wondering if she could write something in the genre. So she bought six exercise books and a pencil at a local stationer and started A Man Lay Dead, involving a Murder Game, which was then popular at English weekend parties.
Stefan Nadelman
Stefan Nadelman is an American film director and animator.

A collection of photos from Stefan Nadelman's film Terminal Bar was released in book form in 2014, authored by Nadelman and his father Sheldon Nadelman who also was the book's photographer, entitled, Terminal Bar: A Photographic Record of New York's Most Notorious Watering Hole. Nadelman also directed the animated music video for the song "I Say Fever" by Ramona Falls.

Terminal Bar (book)
Terminal Bar: A Photographic Record of New York's Most Notorious Watering Hole is a 2014 photography book that is a collection of Sheldon Nadelman's photos taken during his ten years spent as a bartender at the Terminal Bar in New York City.

The book was published in 2014 by Princeton Architectural Press.

The book's photos were the subject of a 2002 American documentary short film, Terminal Bar, directed by Sheldon Nadelman's son, Stefan Nadelman that used a combination of animation, live action and black-and-white photography of Terminal Bar's former patrons taken by Sheldon Nadelman, from 1972 to 1982.
No. 5 Squadron RNZAF
No. 5 Squadron RNZAF is a maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. It operates the Boeing P-8 Poseidon from RNZAF Base Ohakea. The squadron was formed during the Second World War and has since been in continuous operation. A number of maritime patrol aircraft have been operated by the squadron over the course of its existence including the Short Singapore, Consolidated PBY Catalina, Short Sunderland and the Lockheed P-3 Orion.

RNZAF Base Ohakea
RNZAF Base Ohakea is an operational base of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Opened in 1939, it is located near Bulls, 25 km north-west of Palmerston North in the Manawatū. It is also used as an alternative airport for civilian aircraft. The base's motto is Defensio per vires (Latin for defence through strength).
Malokaterynivka
Malokaterynivka (Ukrainian: Малокатеринівка; Russian: Малокатериновка) is a rural settlement in Zaporizhzhia Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, southern Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of the Dnieper, dammed here as Kakhovka Reservoir, at the mouth of the Kinska. Malokaterynivka belongs to Kushuhum settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,292 (2022 estimate).

Zaporizhzhia Raion
Zaporizhzhia Raion (Ukrainian: Запорізький район, romanized: Zaporiz'kyj rajon) is one of the five raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southeast Ukraine. Its administrative center is Zaporizhzhia. Population: 840,866 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Zaporizhzhia Raion was significantly expanded. According to the 2001 census, its population was 54,804. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 56,364 (2020 est.).
Bambi's Dilemma
Bambi's Dilemma is the seventh studio album by Melt-Banana, released on April 24, 2007. It was released on CD and vinyl. The album's title came from an incident which happened when vocalist Yasuko was driving the band's touring van in the US and hit a deer, and kept thinking about the character Bambi from the film of the same name.

Melt-Banana
Melt-Banana is a Japanese noise rock band that is known for playing extremely fast noise rock and hardcore punk mixed with experimental, electronica and pop-based song structures. Since forming in 1992 the band has released ten albums and toured worldwide extensively.
Herbert von Karajan
Herbert von Karajan (German: [ˈhɛʁbɛʁt fɔn ˈka(ː)ʁajan] ⓘ; born Heribert Adolf Ernst Karajan; 5 April 1908 – 16 July 1989) was an Austrian conductor. He was principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic for 34 years. During the Nazi era, he debuted at the Salzburg Festival, with the Vienna Philharmonic, the Berlin Philharmonic, and during World War II he conducted at the Berlin State Opera. Generally regarded as one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century, he was a controversial but dominant figure in European classical music from the mid-1950s until his death. Part of the reason for this was the large number of recordings he made and their prominence during his lifetime. By one estimate, he sold 200 million records.

Deutsche Grammophon
Deutsche Grammophon (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ɡʁamoˈfoːn]; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the MCA family of labels in 1999. Deutsche Grammophon is the world's oldest surviving established record company. Presidents of the company are Frank Briegmann, Chairman and CEO Central Europe of Universal Music Group and Clemens Trautmann.
Gdańsk Strzyża railway station
Gdańsk Strzyża railway station is a railway station serving the city of Gdańsk, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened on 1 September 2015 and is located on the Gdańsk Wrzeszcz–Gdańsk Osowa railway. The station is located in the Strzyża district of the city. The train services are operated by SKM Tricity as part of the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna (PKM).

Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway
The Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway (Polish: Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna; PKM) is a company that owns commuter rail line in the Tricity area, in northern Poland. Founded in 2010, it began hosting scheduled rail service on the reconstructed Gdańsk Wrzeszcz–Gdańsk Osowa railway on 1 September 2015.
Aavanazhi
Aavanazhi is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language action film directed by I. V. Sasi, written by T. Damodaran. The film deals with social and political issues of that time. It stars Mammootty, Geetha, Seema, Sukumaran, Captain Raju, Janardanan, Jagannatha Varma, Innocent, Thikkurisi Sukumaran Nair, Sreenivasan and Sankaradi.

Aavanazhi was the highest grossing Malayalam film at the time and was an industry hit. It was remade in Kannada as Anthima Theerpu, in Tamil as Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupaadu, in Telugu as Marana Sasanam and in Hindi as Satyamev Jayate. I. V. Sasi made two sequels — Inspector Balram in 1991 and Balram vs. Taradas in 2006.

I. V. Sasi
Irruppam Veedu Sasidaran (28 March 1948 – 24 October 2017) was an Indian film director who made over 110 films predominantly in Malayalam, in addition to Tamil and Hindi languages. In 2015, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, the highest award in Malayalam cinema. Often described as a pathbreaker, Sasi made his mark during Malayalam cinema's transformative period from the 1970s to 1990s.
Hell Gates
Hell Gates (62°40′20.3″S 61°10′46.4″W﻿ / ﻿62.672306°S 61.179556°W﻿ / -62.672306; -61.179556) is a narrow (20 m wide) boat passage between the Vardim Rocks and Devils Point on Byers Peninsula, connecting Raskuporis Cove and Osogovo Bay at the southwest end of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name dates back to about 1821 and was applied by early sealers in the area because many lives and ships were lost here.

Raskuporis Cove
Raskuporis Cove (Bulgarian: залив Раскупорис, romanized: zaliv Raskuporis, IPA: [ˈzalif rɐskoˈpɔris]) is the 1.77 km wide cove indenting for 700 m the south coast of Byers Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Entered west of Sevar Point and east of Devils Point, and connected to Osogovo Bay to the northwest by the 20 m wide passage of Hell Gates.

The cove is named after King Raskuporis of Thrace, 48-42 BC.
Utareru Ame
"Utareru Ame" (撃たれる雨, Striking Rain) is the second single by Japanese rock singer Nana Kitade. It was released on February 4, 2004, by Sony Music Entertainment Japan. The title track was used as the closing theme song to TV Tokyo's Japan Countdown for the month of January 2004. The first press edition of the single came with a mini pin-up poster. The single reached #55 on the Oricon charts and stayed on the charts for a total of three weeks. This single has sold a total of 5,249 copies.

Nana Kitade
Nana Kitade (北出 菜奈, Kitade Nana; born May 2, 1987) is a Japanese singer-songwriter and musician. In addition to being the lead singer of the rock band The Teenage Kissers, she has success as a solo artist, model, actress, and fashion designer. Kitade is particularly known for her songs appearing in various anime, TV shows, doramas and movie opening and endings. Kitade was featured on the cover of the Gothic & Lolita Bible, as well as featured in Neo and Kera magazines. She has toured Asia, Europe, and North America.
Guilford station
Guilford station is a regional rail station on the Northeast Corridor, located slightly south of the town center of Guilford, Connecticut. Owned by the Connecticut Department of Transportation, it is served by the CT Rail Shore Line East service.

Clamdigger (train)
The Clamdigger was a daily passenger train which ran along the Northeast Corridor during the 1970s. The train had two iterations: from 1898 to 1972 it was a local commuter service under the New Haven Railroad, Penn Central, and Amtrak between New London and New Haven, while from 1976 to 1978 it was a long-distance commuter service operated by Amtrak from Providence to New Haven.  In 1978, it was canceled and replaced with the Beacon Hill.

The Shore Line East service, run by the Connecticut Department of Transportation, currently runs from New London to New Haven, serving many of the same stops as the two incarnations of the Clamdigger.
Rusty Staub
Daniel Joseph "Rusty" Staub (April 1, 1944 – March 29, 2018) was an American professional baseball player and television color commentator. He played in Major League Baseball for 23 seasons as a right fielder, designated hitter, and first baseman. He was nicknamed "le Grand Orange" by Expos fans.

A six-time All-Star known for his hitting prowess, Staub produced 2,716 hits over his playing career, just 284 hits shy of the 3,000 hit plateau. He was an original member of the Montreal Expos and the team's first star.  Although he played just 518 of his 2,951 games as an Expo, his enduring popularity led them to retire his number in 1993, while the Mets inducted him into their team Hall of Fame in 1986.

Staub was also known for his charitable work through the Rusty Staub Foundation, supporting emergency food pantries in New York; and for establishing the New York Police and Fire Widows’ and Children’s Benefit Fund.

Baseball Reliquary
The Baseball Reliquary is a nonprofit educational organization "dedicated to fostering an appreciation of American art and culture through the context of baseball history and to exploring the national pastime’s unparalleled creative possibilities." The Reliquary was founded in 1996 in Monrovia, California, and since 2015 has been located at Whittier College in Whittier, California. The organization is funded in part by a grant from the Los Angeles County Department of Arts and Culture. Since 1999, the Reliquary has maintained an “alternate hall-of-fame” called the Shrine of the Eternals.