hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sub-irrigated planter
Sub-irrigated planter (SIP) is a generic name for a special type of planting box used in container gardening and commercial landscaping. A SIP is any method of watering plants where the water is introduced from the bottom, allowing the water to soak upwards to the plant through capillary action. It is possible to automate the watering and thus SIPs are popular with professional landscapers in buildings or urban settings. Commercialized versions of a Sub-irrigated planter condenses humidity from the environment and feed it directly into the plants' roots. SIPs are available as commercial products or as do-it-yourself projects made from plastic buckets, boxes or storage totes. One of the disadvantages of such closed systems  is that soluble salts cannot be flushed into the lower soil profile and build up over time.

Container garden
Container gardening or pot gardening/farming is the practice of growing plants, including edible plants, exclusively in containers instead of planting them in the ground.  A container in gardening is a small, enclosed and usually portable object used for displaying live flowers or plants. It may take the form of a pot, box, tub, basket, tin, barrel or hanging basket.
Maine Municipal Bond Bank
The Maine Municipal Bond Bank is a Local Government Funding Agency created in 1973 to issue bonds, enabling it to lend to counties, municipalities, school districts, utility districts and other government organizations within the state of Maine. The sale of tax-exempt bonds with the Bank's high credit rating allows these capital project loans to be issued at lower interest rates than would otherwise be available. It was established by the Maine Municipal Bond Bank Act.

Local government funding agency
A local government funding agency (LGFA) or bond bank, or other terms, is financial institution that serves as a vehicle for local government authorities such as municipalities, county councils and regions to access capital markets for the purpose of jointly procuring credit for public investment projects. The local and/or regional authorities of a country or state typically own the LGFA, sometimes with a minor ownership by the state.

It works as a co-operative agency where the participating authorities come together in order to ensure lower interests rates on loans, based on the creditworthiness of the participating members. This co-operation can also help the local authorities to achieve a higher credit rating than if they act independently. The agency normally does not seek to make profits and any surplus is usually reinvested in the activities. LGFAs exist and operate within the borders of the respective countries where they are found.
Pringá
Pringá is a Spanish dish popular in Andalusia, which consists of roast beef or pork, cured sausages such as chorizo and morcilla, and beef or pork fat slow-cooked for many hours until the meat falls apart easily.  Pieces of crusty bread are used to pull away a little meat, sausage, and fat. It is a social dish eaten around the family dinner table.

Pringá is usually part of other dishes, most often added to chickpea puchero, eaten either after the liquid is taken as soup, or with the liquid.

Puchero
Puchero is a type of stew originally from Spain, prepared in Yucatán, Mexico, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Perú, south of Brazil, the Philippines, and Spain, specifically the autonomous communities of Andalusia and the Canary Islands. The Spanish word "puchero" originally meant an earthenware pot, before being extended to mean any vessel, and then the dish cooked in it.

The dish is essentially equivalent to the cocido of Spain but lacks colorants (such as paprika) and uses local ingredients which vary from one region to another. In Spain, chickpeas are widely used. Puchero, cocido, and the sancocho eaten in Colombia, Ecuador, República Dominicana, Venezuela, and Puerto Rico are essentially similar dishes.
First Crossing of Devils River
The First Crossing of Devils River was the first point at which the Devils River was crossed by the San Antonio-El Paso Road. It was located 10.22 miles west of San Felipe Springs at the mouth of San Pedro Creek on the Devils River. It was 2.54 miles southeast of Painted Caves, on California Creek, a noted camp location on the road. The crossing point and the gorge leading down to it from the east are now submerged under Lake Amistad.

Painted Caves
Painted Caves was a cave containing a spring in Val Verde County, Texas, 20 kilometers southeast of Comstock, Texas.  The cave accompanied a camp site along the San Antonio-El Paso Road on Painted Cave Spring Creek (now known as California Creek) and was named for the indigenous cave paintings found inside.  It was located 2.54 miles northwest of the First Crossing of Devils River and 15.73 miles southeast of California Spring. The cave is now submerged under Lake Amistad.
Sonae
Sonae is a multinational business group headquartered in Maia, Portugal. It operates in 90 countries, working in various sectors, among which retail (food, electronics, and fashion), real estate, media and telecommunications, technology investments, and financial services stand out.

It is the largest private employer in Portugal, with a total of 48,222 employees. On February 17, 2022, the company's CEO, Cláudia Azevedo, announced a restructuring of the company's image and its respective subsidiaries.

Sonae is listed on the Euronext PSI-20 in Lisbon, with the code SON.

Maia, Portugal
Maia (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmajɐ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Porto Metropolitan Area), Grande Porto subregion, in Norte Region, Portugal. It is located 11 km north of central Porto. The population in 2011 was 135,306, in an area of 82.99 km2 (32.04 sq mi). There is one city (Cidade da Maia) and three towns (Moreira, Castêlo da Maia and Águas Santas) in the municipality.
Chromaticism
Chromaticism is a compositional technique interspersing the primary diatonic pitches and chords with other pitches of the chromatic scale. In simple terms, within each octave, diatonic music uses only seven different notes, rather than the twelve available on a standard piano keyboard. Music is chromatic when it uses more than just these seven notes.

Chromaticism is in contrast or addition to tonality or diatonicism and modality (the major and minor, or "white key", scales). Chromatic elements are considered, "elaborations of or substitutions for diatonic scale members".

Chromatic scale
In Western music, a chromatic scale (or twelve-tone scale) is a set of twelve pitches (more completely, pitch classes) divided equally or approximately equally within an octave. An interval between adjacent notes in a chromatic scale is called a semitone. Chromatic instruments, such as the piano, are made to produce the chromatic scale, while other instruments capable of continuously variable pitch, such as the trombone and violin, can also produce microtones, or notes between those available on a piano.

Most tonal Western music is structured around scales with fewer than 12 pitches per octave, such as diatonic scales. This music primarily uses an appropriate subset of the chromatic scale.
Cauchy's theorem (geometry)
Cauchy's theorem is a theorem in geometry, named after Augustin Cauchy. It states that 
convex polytopes in three dimensions with congruent corresponding faces must be congruent to each other. That is, any polyhedral net formed by unfolding the faces of the polyhedron onto a flat surface, together with gluing instructions describing which faces should be connected to each other, uniquely determines the shape of the original polyhedron. For instance, if six squares are connected in the pattern of a cube, then they must form a cube: there is no convex polyhedron with six square faces connected in the same way that does not have the same shape.

This is a fundamental result in rigidity theory: one consequence of the theorem is that, if one makes a physical model of a convex polyhedron by connecting together rigid plates for each of the polyhedron faces with flexible hinges along the polyhedron edges, then this ensemble of plates and hinges will necessarily form a rigid structure.

Max Dehn
Max Wilhelm Dehn (November 13, 1878 – June 27, 1952) was a German mathematician most famous for his work in geometry, topology and geometric group theory. Dehn's early life and career took place in Germany.  However, he was forced to retire in 1935 and eventually fled Germany in 1939 and emigrated to the United States.

Dehn was a student of David Hilbert, and in his habilitation in 1900 Dehn resolved Hilbert's third problem, making him the first to resolve one of Hilbert's 23 problems. Dehn's doctoral students include Ott-Heinrich Keller, Ruth Moufang, and Wilhelm Magnus; he also mentored mathematician Peter Nemenyi and the artists Dorothea Rockburne and Ruth Asawa.
Lesotho Highlands
The Lesotho Highlands are formed by the Drakensberg and Maloti mountain ranges in the east and central parts of the country of Lesotho. Foothills form a divide between the lowlands and the highlands. Snow is common in the highlands in the winter.

Great Escarpment, Southern Africa
The Great Escarpment is a major topographical feature in Africa that consists of steep slopes from the high central Southern African plateau downward in the direction of the oceans that surround southern Africa on three sides. While it lies predominantly within the borders of South Africa, in the east the escarpment extends northward to form the border between Mozambique and Zimbabwe, continuing on beyond the Zambezi river valley to form the Muchinga Escarpment in eastern Zambia. In the west, it extends northward into Namibia and Angola. It is the combination of this escarpment and the aridity of Southern Africa that leads to the lack of navigable rivers in South Africa.

Different names are applied to different stretches of the Great Escarpment, the most well-known section being the Drakensberg (diagram on the right). The Schwarzrand and edge of the Khomas Highland in Namibia, as well as the Serra da Chela in Angola, are also well-known names.
New Castle News
The New Castle News is a six-day (Monday through Saturday) daily newspaper published in New Castle, Pennsylvania, and covering Lawrence County. It is owned by CNHI.

The News also publishes an 8,700-circulation weekly newspaper in nearby Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, called South County News.

New Castle, Pennsylvania
New Castle is a city in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Shenango River at the mouth of Neshannock Creek, it is 43 miles (69 km) northwest of Pittsburgh near the Pennsylvania–Ohio border, approximately 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Youngstown, Ohio. The city had a population of 21,926 as of the 2020 census. The commercial center of a fertile agricultural region, New Castle is included in the northwestern fringes of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
Xenoturbella churro
Xenoturbella churro is a marine, benthic, deep-water worm-like species that belongs to the family Xenoturbellidae. It was discovered in the eastern Pacific Ocean by a group of Californian and Australian scientists. The species was described in 2016 from a single specimen.

X. churro shares morphological similarities with other species of the genus Xenoturbella and is known for lacking a respiratory, circulatory, and excretory system.

Xenoturbella
Xenoturbella is a genus of very simple bilaterians up to a few centimeters long. It contains a small number of marine benthic worm-like species.

The first known species (Xenoturbella bocki) was collected in 1878 and 1879 in the Gullmar fiord on the Swedish west coast by August Malm and is stored in the collection of the Gothenburg Natural History Museum. A specimen is on display in the exhibition. It was collected again in the Gullmar fiord in 1915 by Sixten Bock, but it was only properly described in 1949 by Einar Westblad. The type specimens are kept at the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm.
Escobar Inc
Escobar Inc is a company registered in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, tied to various scams involving selling smartphones and flamethrowers with Escobar Inc branding without delivering the products to customers. It was established on April 20, 2015. The company is known for its association with Roberto de Jesús Escobar Gaviria, the brother of Pablo Escobar, and various scams.

Roberto Escobar
Roberto de Jesús Escobar Gaviria (born January 13, 1947), nicknamed El Osito ("little bear" or "teddy bear"), is the brother of deceased drug kingpin, Pablo Escobar, and the former accountant and co-founder of the Medellín Cartel, which was responsible for up to 80 percent of the cocaine smuggled into the United States. In his early years he was active as a champion cyclist in Colombia's burgeoning cycling scene.
Masked palm civet
The masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), also called the gem-faced civet or Himalayan palm civet, is a viverrid species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008 as it occurs in many protected areas, is tolerant to some degree of habitat modification, and widely distributed with presumed large populations that are unlikely to be declining.

The genus Paguma was first named and described by John Edward Gray in 1831. All described forms are regarded as a single species.

In 2003, masked palm civets at a wildlife market in China were found to have been infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

Viverridae
Viverridae is a family of small to medium-sized feliform mammals, comprising 14 genera with 33 species. This family was named and first described by John Edward Gray in 1821. Viverrids occur all over Africa, in southern Europe, and in South and Southeast Asia on both sides of the Wallace Line.

The species of the subfamily Genettinae are known as genets and oyans. The viverrids of the subfamily Viverrinae are commonly called civets; the Paradoxurinae and most Hemigalinae species are called palm civets.
Edmonds Historical Museum
The Edmonds Historical Museum is a free, volunteer-run museum in Edmonds, Washington, United States. It was established in 1973 by the Edmonds–South Snohomish County Historical Society and is in the historic Carnegie Library in downtown Edmonds. The museum has a collection of 32,000 items.

Andrew Carnegie Library (Edmonds, Washington)
Andrew Carnegie Library is a library building located in Edmonds, Washington listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building was constructed in 1910 after the city received a $5,000 grant from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie for the construction of a public library. The building numbers among its Beaux-Arts architectural features the Tiffany glass fan light over the main entrance and its terra cotta window and door surrounds and exterior corners.

The city's library was originally established in 1901 and moved into the building on February 17, 1911. The building originally had a library on the upper floor, while Edmonds City Hall occupied the bottom floor. It subsequently served as the headquarters of the city's parks and recreation department. The building became the Edmonds Historical Museum in 1973.
Al-Kawakib al-Darari
Al-Kawakib al-Darari fi Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari (Arabic: الكواكب الدراري في شرح صحيح البخاري), commonly known as Al-Kawakib al-Darari, is a classical commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari authored by the Shafi'i scholar Shams al-Din al-Kirmani. The work was written to provide a comprehensive explanation of Sahih al-Bukhari, addressing gaps and limitations in earlier commentaries, including those by Ibn Battal, al-Khattabi, and Mughultay. It was completed in 1373 CE in Mecca. A modern edition of the work was published in twenty-five volumes in Cairo between 1935 and 1945.

Sahih al-Bukhari
Sahih al-Bukhari (Arabic: صحيح البخاري, romanized: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī) is the first hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. Compiled by Islamic scholar al-Bukhari (d. 870) in the musannaf format, the work is valued by Sunni Muslims, alongside Sahih Muslim, as the most authentic after the Qur'an.

Al-Bukhari organised the book mostly in the Hijaz at the Sacred Mosque of Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque of Medina and completed the work in Bukhara around 846 (232 AH). The work was examined by his teachers Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ali ibn al-Madini, Yahya ibn Ma'in and others.
The Twenty-Third Man
The Twenty-Third Man is a 1957 mystery detective novel by the British writer Gladys Mitchell. It is the thirtieth in the long-running series of books featuring Mitchell's best known creation, the psychoanalyst and amateur detective Mrs Bradley.

Mrs Bradley
Beatrice Adela Bradley is a fictional detective created by Gladys Mitchell. Mrs (later Dame Beatrice) Bradley is Mitchell's most significant and long-lived character, appearing in 66 novels that were published between 1929 and 1975.
Metatrochophore
A metatrochophore (/ˌmiːtəˈtroʊkəˌfɔːr, ˌmɛ-, -ˈtrɒ-, -koʊ-/;) is a type of larva developed from the trochophore larva of a polychaete annelid.

The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan has a foregut and a midgut. The foregut cells have several microvilli, basal bodies, and cilia, with e-dense granules dispersed in the apical cell region. The diameter of the midgut in one specimen was 50 μm and the lumen’s diameter was 7 μm, in which the cilia extended and e-dense material was found. The midgut cells had fewer cilia than the fore- and hindgut cells but exhibited an extensive, e-dense brush of microvilli and a nucleus in the apical third of the cell body. Additionally, the midgut contained a few bacteria in the lumen.

Metatrochophores have a number of features trochophores lack, including eyespots and segments.

Trochophore
A trochophore (/ˈtroʊkəˌfɔːr, ˈtrɒ-, -koʊ-/) is a type of free-swimming planktonic marine larva with several bands of cilia.

By moving their cilia rapidly, they make a water eddy to control their movement, and to bring their food closer in order to capture it more easily.
Strumaria hardyana
Strumaria hardyana is a species of plant that is endemic to Namibia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and rocky areas. It is one of the three species of Strumaria with nodding rather than outward-facing flowers. It can be distinguished from the similar species Strumaria truncata by the narrow membranous margin to the leaves, which are not twisted.

Strumaria
Strumaria is a genus of African plants in Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus is known in nature only from South Africa, Lesotho and Namibia. Almost all species flower in the autumn and are cultivated as ornamental bulbous plants.
Persian Bayán
The Persian Bayán (Persian: بیان  'expression') is one of the principal scriptural writings of the Báb, the founder of Bábism, written in Persian. The Báb also wrote a shorter book in Arabic, known as the Arabic Bayán.

Arabic Bayán
The Arabic Bayán (Arabic: البيان العربي, romanized: al-Bayān al-ʿarabī) is an unfinished book in Arabic written by the Báb around 1848. It functions as a significant scripture in Bábism, asserting that it is a product of divine revelation and inspiration.
ARD-Hauptstadtstudio
ARD-Hauptstadtstudio (ARD Capital Studio) is a television studio in Berlin operated jointly by the members of the federal broadcasting network ARD. Located at Wilhelmstrasse in the Mitte area close to the centre of Germany's federal government, it is used by ARD members and outlets for broadcasts from the capital. Some programmes, for example the weekly political TV show Bericht aus Berlin, the daily TV show ARD-Morgenmagazin, the political talk show Phoenix-Runde, are broadcast from the studio.

The studios were opened on 16 April 1999, when the federal government moved from Bonn to Berlin. Before World War II at this location was the physicist institut, which was named after Hermann von Helmholtz. Physicists like James Franck, Gustav Hertz, Walther Nernst, Max Planck and Wilhelm Wien worked here.

Wilhelmstrasse
Wilhelmstraße, or Wilhelmstrasse (see ß; German pronunciation: [ˈvɪlhɛlmˌʃtʁaːsə]; transl. William Street) is a major thoroughfare in the central Mitte and Kreuzberg districts of Berlin, Germany. Until 1945, it was recognised as the centre of the government, first of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later of the unified German Reich, housing in particular the Reich Chancellery and the Foreign Office. The street's name was thus also frequently used as a metonym for overall German governmental administration: much as the term "Whitehall" is often used to signify the British governmental administration as a whole. In English, "the Wilhelmstrasse" usually referred to the German Foreign Office.
2024 Northwestern State Lady Demons softball team
The 2024 Northwestern State Lady Demons softball team represented Northwestern State University during the 2024 NCAA Division I softball season. The Lady Demons played their home games at Lady Demon Diamond and were led by first year head coach Lacy Prejean. They are members of the Southland Conference.  The team compiled a 19–31 overall record and a 5–18 record in conference play finishing in eighth place.  They failed to qualify for the SLC tournament.

2024 Southland Conference softball tournament
The 2024 Southland Conference tournament was held at North Oak Park in Hammond, Louisiana from May 7 through 10, 2024. The tournament winner, Southeastern Louisiana, earned the Southland Conference's automatic bid to the 2024 NCAA Division I softball tournament. All games were broadcast on ESPN+.
1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Iceland between 20 and 23 May 1944. The 1918 Danish–Icelandic Act of Union declared Iceland to be a sovereign state separate from Denmark, but maintained the two countries in a personal union, with the king of Denmark also being the king of Iceland. In the two-part referendum, voters were asked whether the union with Denmark should be abolished, and whether to adopt a new republican constitution. Both measures were approved, each with more than 98% of valid votes in favour. Including invalid ballots, voter turnout was 98% overall, and 100% in two constituencies: Seyðisfjörður and Vestur-Skaftafjellssýsla.

Danish–Icelandic Act of Union
The Danish–Icelandic Act of Union, an agreement signed by Iceland and Denmark on 1 December 1918, recognized Iceland as a fully independent and sovereign state, known as the Kingdom of Iceland, which was freely associated to Denmark in a personal union with the Danish king. Iceland established its own flag, declared its neutrality and asked Denmark to represent on its behalf foreign affairs and defense interests, while maintaining full control of them. Iceland opened its first embassy in 1920. The Act would be up for revision in 1940 and could be revoked three years later if agreement was not reached.
Sriram Jha
Sriram Jha (born 18 July 1976) is an Indian chess Grandmaster. He competed in the FIDE World Cup 2009, for which he qualified by winning the Asian Zone 3.2 Chess Championship earlier in the same year. Sriram Jha played for the bronze medal-winning India's C team in the Asian Team Chess Championship in 2003. In 2014 he won the Indian championship of rapid chess.

He is married to Indian chess International Master Subbaraman Vijayalakshmi.

Subbaraman Vijayalakshmi
Subbaraman Vijayalakshmi (born 25 March 1979) is an Indian chess player who holds the FIDE titles of International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM), the first female player in her country to achieve these titles. She has won more medals than any other player for India in the Chess Olympiads. She has won almost all national age group titles, including the senior title.