hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karner, New York
Karner is a hamlet of the town of Colonie, Albany County, New York, United  States. Once called Center Station, it was a stop along the New York Central Railroad (NYCRR) that became famous for being the site where the Karner Blue butterfly was first identified.

Colonie, New York
Colonie /ˌkɒləˈniː/ is a town in Albany County, New York, United States. It is the most-populous suburb of Albany, and is the third-largest town in area in Albany County, occupying approximately 11% of the county. Several hamlets exist within the town. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 85,590.

The name is derived from the Dutch Colonye or "Colonie",  derived from the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck. All the land outside the Village of Beverwyck (now Albany) was referred to as the "Colonie". The town of Colonie is north of Albany and is at the northern border of the county.  Within the town of Colonie are two villages, one also known as Colonie and the other known as Menands.
Spartan constitution
The Spartan Constitution (or Spartan politeia) is the government and laws of the classical Greek city-state of Sparta. All classical Greek city-states had a politeia; the politeia of Sparta however, was noted by many classical authors for its unique features, which supported a rigidly layered social system and a strong hoplite army.

The Spartans had no historical records, literature, or written laws, which were, according to tradition, prohibited. Attributed to the mythical figure of Lycurgus, the legendary law-giver, the Spartan system of government is known mostly from the Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, a treatise attributed to the ancient Greek historian Xenophon, describing the institutions, customs, and practices of the ancient Spartans.

Constitution of the Lacedaemonians
The Lacedaemonion Politeia (Ancient Greek: Λακεδαιμονίων Πολιτεία), known in English as the Polity, Constitution, or Republic of the Lacedaemonians, or the Spartan Constitution, is a treatise attributed to the ancient Greek historian Xenophon, describing the institutions, customs, and practices of the ancient Spartans. The work examines the reasons for Sparta's power and renown, despite the city state's sparse population. There are fifteen chapters: the first thirteen enumerate the practices and institutions that made Sparta great; the last two describe Sparta's decline and the survival of its monarchy. The Polity dates to the period between 387 and 375 BC, and is the only contemporary account of the Spartan political system which survives.  Together with Plutarch's "Life of Lycurgus", it provides the most detailed surviving description of the Spartan state, and is considered the best source of information about Spartan women during classical antiquity.
Yitro
Yitro, Yithro, Yisroi, Yithre, Yisrau, or Yisro (יִתְרוֹ‎, Hebrew for the name "Jethro," the second word and first distinctive word in the parashah) is the seventeenth weekly Torah portion (Hebrew: פָּרָשָׁה, romanized: parashah; pl. parshiyot) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fifth in the Book of Exodus. The parashah tells of Jethro's organizational counsel to Moses and God's revelation of the Ten Commandments to the Israelites at Mount Sinai.

The parashah constitutes Exodus 18:1–20:23. The parashah is the shortest of the weekly Torah portions in the Book of Exodus and is also one of the shortest parshiyot in the Torah. It is made up of 4,022 Hebrew letters, 1,105 Hebrew words, and 75 verses.

Jews read it the seventeenth Shabbat after Simchat Torah, generally in January or February. Jews also read part of the parashah, Exodus 19:1–20:23, as a Torah reading on the first day of the Jewish holiday of Shavuot, which commemorates the giving of the Ten Commandments.

Jethro (biblical figure)
In the Hebrew Bible, Jethro was Moses's father-in-law, a Kenite shepherd and priest of Midian, sometimes called Reuel (or Raguel). In Exodus, Moses' father-in-law is initially referred to as "Reuel" (Exodus 2:18) but afterwards as "Jethro" (Exodus 3:1). He was also identified as the father of Hobab in Numbers 10:29, though Judges 4:11 identifies him as Hobab.

Druze identify Jethro with the prophet Shuayb, also said to come from Midian. For the Druze, Shuayb is considered the most important prophet, and the ancestor of all Druze.
KF Rilindja 1974
KF Rilindja 1974 (Albanian: Klubi Futbollistik Rilindja 1974; previously known as KF Lugu i Baranit) is a professional football club from Kosovo which competes in the First League (Group A). The club is based in Baran, Pejë, in the Baran Valley region. Their home ground is the Baran Sports Field which has a viewing capacity of 500. In the 2021/2022 Second League, Rilindja was the second place after KF Vjosa and promoted to the First League.

First Football League of Kosovo
The First Football League of Kosovo (Albanian: Liga e Parë e Futbollit të Kosovës), officially the Raiffeisen First League of Kosovo (Albanian: Raiffeisen Liga e Parë e Kosovës) for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the men's football league system in Kosovo. It is organised by the Football Federation of Kosovo (FFK).

As of the 2025–26 season the division consists of 18 clubs in a single nationwide league, following the merger of the previous two-group format used between the 2020–21 and 2024–25 seasons. Clubs are relegated to and promoted from the Second League, while the highest-placed teams move up to the Superleague.
Lepidocollema marianum
Lepidocollema marianum is a species of cyanolichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was first scientifically described by Elias Fries in 1825 as Parmelia mariana. Per Magnus Jørgensen transferred it to the genus Lepidocollema in 2014 following a molecular phylogenetics-guided revision of the Pannariaceae.

The lichen has a growth form that is both squamulose (scaley) and foliose (leafy), with lobes around the margins and squamules in the centre of the thallus. It is firmly attached to the underlying substratum by root-like rhizines, which are brown to black in colour; the hypothallus is also black.

Lepidocollema marianum occurs in Asia (including Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan) and Mauritius.

Lepidocollema
Lepidocollema is a genus of lichens in the family Pannariaceae. It was circumscribed in 1890 to contain a single Brazilian species that has not been collected since. In 2016, the entire family was revised and updated, resulting in the expansion of Lepidocollema to 24 tropical species.
Pui Ching Middle School (Macau)
Pui Ching Middle School, Macau (Portuguese: Escola Secundária Pui Ching; Chinese: 澳門培正中學) is a private Baptist school in São Lázaro, Macau. It was established in 1938 as a sister school to Guangzhou Pui Ching Middle School and Hong Kong Pui Ching Middle School after the Japanese invasion of China caused the teachers of Guangzhou Pui Ching to flee to Macau.

São Lázaro
São Lázaro  is the smallest civil parish of Macau, located in the central-east region of the Macau Peninsula. It is surrounded by the parishes of Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Santo António, and Sé.

This parish was one of five in the former Municipality of Macau, one of Macau's two municipalities that were abolished on 31 December 2001 by Law No. 17/2001.(Portuguese: Colina da Guia, 松山 or 東望洋山). 3% of factories in Macau are located in the district.
Juniperus recurva
Juniperus recurva, commonly named the Himalayan juniper or drooping juniper, is a juniper native to the Himalaya, from northern Pakistan, through India, Nepal and Bhutan, to western Yunnan in southwestern China. It grows at altitudes of 3,000–4,000 metres (9,800–13,100 feet).

Juniper
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus (/dʒuːˈnɪpərəs/ joo-NIP-ər-əs) of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere as far south as tropical Africa, as far north as the Arctic, and parts of Asia and Central America. The highest-known juniper forest occurs at an altitude of 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) in southeastern Tibet and the northern Himalayas, creating one of the highest tree lines on earth.
Wang Ning (linguist)
Wang Ning (Chinese: 王宁; born 1936), a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, is a Chinese linguist and professor at Beijing Normal University.

She studied under the linguist Lu Zongda (Chinese: 陆宗达), and her main research interests include exegesis, philology, and the semantics of Chinese vocabulary. She has led the development of the General Standardized Chinese Character List, and has devoted herself to the education and promotion of Chinese characters.

Lu Zongda
Lu Zongda (Chinese: 陆宗达, 1905 – 1988), courtesy name Yingmin (一作颖明), a native of Cixi, Zhejiang Province, was a Chinese textual exegete under the tutelage of linguistic and philological scholars Huang Kan (黄侃) and Zhang Taiyan (章太炎).
North Wingfield
North Wingfield is a large village and civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district in the county of Derbyshire, England. Located approximately 4½ miles south-east of Chesterfield, and 1 mile north-east of Clay Cross. The population of the civil parish as of the 2022 census was 5,885. The A6175 road from the M1 motorway to the A61 road runs through the village.

The village contains the former hamlets of Hepthorne Lane, Hillyfields, Highfields and Church Hill. The Hepthorne Lane area is still called by its name by local residents, as are the Highfields and Church Hill areas. The River Rother flows through the village at the bottom of Hepthorne Lane, next to the Midland Main Line.

Chesterfield, Derbyshire
Chesterfield is a market and industrial town in the county of Derbyshire, England. It is 24 miles (39 km) north of Derby and 11 miles (18 km) south of Sheffield at the confluence of the Rivers Rother and Hipper. In 2011, the built-up-area subdivision had a population of 88,483, making it the second-largest settlement in Derbyshire, after Derby. The wider Borough of Chesterfield had a population of 103,569 in the 2021 Census. In 2021, the town itself had a population of 76,402.

It has been traced to a transitory Roman fort dated to approximately AD 80-100. The name of the later Anglo-Saxon village comes from the Old English ceaster (Roman fort) and feld (pasture). It has a sizeable street market three days a week. The town sits on an old coalfield, but little visual evidence of mining remains since the closure of the final town centre mine nicknamed “The Green Room”. The main landmark is the crooked spire of the Church of St Mary and All Saints.
Simon Young (magistrate)
Simon Young (11 August 1823 – 26 September 1893) served as Magistrate of the British colony of the Pitcairn Islands in 1849.

Young was the son of George Young, who in turn was the son of Bounty mutineer Ned Young. His mother was Hannah Adams, a daughter of John Adams. Young married Mary Buffett Christian. His father-in-law John Buffett had arrived on the island in 1823 (the year Young was born) as a schoolteacher, and had stayed to help Adams teach the islands many children. Young himself was a schoolteacher by trade. He spent several years on Norfolk Island but returned to Pitcairn in 1864.

Young's marriage produced 13 children, including two future Magistrates, Benjamin Stanley Young, William Alfred Young and Arthur Herbert Young, and the historian Rosalind Amelia Young.

William Alfred Young
William Alfred Young (4 April 1863 – 1 July 1911) served as President of the council, and Magistrate of the British Overseas Territory of Pitcairn Island three times, between 1897 and 1908. Young was the son of Simon Young and the younger brother of Benjamin Stanley Young, both had held the office before him. He was also the brother of Arthur Herbert Young, and the historian Rosalind Amelia Young.

Young married Mercy Amelia Lawrence Young, the daughter of Moses Young who had held the office of Magistrate multiple times.
5-HT5A receptor
5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A, also known as HTR5A, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR5A gene. Agonists and antagonists for 5-HT receptors, as well as serotonin uptake inhibitors, present promnesic (memory-promoting) and/or anti-amnesic effects under different conditions, and 5-HT receptors are also associated with neural changes.

5-Carboxamidotryptamine
5-Carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT), also known as 5-(aminocarbonyl)tryptamine, is a tryptamine derivative closely related to the neurotransmitter serotonin.

5-CT acts as a non-selective, high-affinity full agonist at the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT5A, and 5-HT7 receptors, as well as an agonist of the 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT6 receptors with lower affinity. It has negligible affinity for the 5-HT1E and 5-HT1F receptors. 5-CT binds most strongly to the 5-HT1A receptor and it was once thought to be selective for this site.

In 2018, a close derivative of 5-CT, AH-494 has been shown to function as an agonist of 5-HT7, although being more selective over 5-HT1A. Structural study indicated residue Ser5x43 might play critical roles in the selectivity of 5-CT across the serotonin receptor family.
The Crusade and Death of Richard I
The Crusade and Death of Richard I is a mid-13th-century Anglo-Norman prose chronicle by an anonymous author. It tells of the journey of Richard the Lionheart, King of England to the Holy Land on the Third Crusade (kings' Crusade) from 1190 to 1191. The chronicle details the trip through France, Sicily, and Cyprus, as well as the siege and capture of Acre, Richard's capture in Austria on the return trip, and his eventual return to England. Later it describes his campaigns against Philip II of France in Normandy, and his death at Châlus in 1199. It is based on the writings by Roger of Howden, Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris.

Anglo-Norman literature
Anglo-Norman literature is literature composed in the Anglo-Norman language and developed during the period of 1066–1204, as the Duchy of Normandy and the Kingdom of England were united in the Anglo-Norman realm.
Ørstafjorden
Ørstafjorden is a fjord in Ørsta Municipality in Møre og Romsdal, Norway.  The 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long fjord runs from the village of Ørsta to the Vartdalsfjorden. The fjord is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide and the deepest point in the fjord reaches 172 metres (564 ft) below sea level. The European route E39 highway runs along the eastern and southern shores of the fjord. The southern entrance to the Eiksund Tunnel is located along the western shore of the fjord. The inner parts of the fjord do freeze when there are extended periods of cold weather in the winters.

Ørsta Municipality
Ørstaⓘ is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region of Western Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ørsta. Other villages in the municipality include Barstadvik, Flåskjer, Follestaddalen, Hovdebygda, Liadal, Nordre Vartdal,  Store-Standal, Sæbø, Trandal, Urke, Vartdal, Ytre-Standal, Åmdalen, and Årset.

The 662-square-kilometre (256 sq mi) municipality is the 171st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Ørsta Municipality is the 106th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,958. The municipality's population density is 16.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (43/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4% over the previous 10-year period.
Goro, SNNPR (woreda)
Goro was one of the 77 woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. This woreda was named after one of the sub-groups of the Sebat Bet Gurage, the Goro. Part of the Gurage Zone, Goro was bordered on the south by the Wabe River which separates it from Cheha, on the west and north by the Oromia Region, on the farther east by Kokir Gedebano Gutazer, and on the southeast by Ezhana Wolene. The major town in Goro was Welkite. Goro was divided for Abeshge, Kebena and Welkite woredas.

Local landmarks include the Acho Falls on the Wabe river which is 60 meters in height, and Walga Falls on the Walga river which is 30 meters in height.

Goro was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2004 as one of several woredas for voluntary resettlement for farmers from overpopulated areas, becoming the new home for a total of 3000 heads of households and 12,000 total family members.

Ezhana Wolene
Welene ("Welene") was one of the 7 Zones in the Central Ethiopia Region of Ethiopia. This woreda was named after two of the sub-groups of the Sebat Bet Gurage, the silte and the Wolene-Worriro. Part of the Gurage Zone, Silte Wolene was bordered on the south by Muhor, on the west by Sodo, on the north by Goro, on the northeast by Oromo, and on the east by Meskanena Mareko. The major town in Site Welene was Agenda. It was divided for Welene and Silte zones.
Khurais Airport
Khurais Airport is a small airport in the oil complex of Khurais in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The airport occupies an area of 1.2 km2 next to the residential camp. It has replaced the previous Khurais Airport (old).

Khurais oil field
Khurais oil field (Arabic: حقل خريص) is an oil field in Saudi Arabia that went online on June 10, 2009, adjacent to the world's largest, the Ghawar trend. The Khurais field, with an area of 2,890 km2 and 127 km long, is located about 250 km southwest of Dhahran and 150 km east-northeast of Riyadh. Pilot-scale production at Khurais began in 1963, but the field was never fully developed.
Floating island (dessert)
A floating island or île flottante (French: [il flɔtɑ̃t]) is a dessert consisting of soft meringue floating on crème anglaise (a vanilla custard). The meringue used is baked in a bain-marie.  It may be served at room temperature or chilled.

Meringue
Meringue (/məˈræŋ/ mə-RANG, French: [məʁɛ̃ɡ] ⓘ) is a type of dessert or candy, of French origin, traditionally made from whipped eggwhites and sugar, and occasionally an acidic ingredient such as lemon, vinegar, or cream of tartar. A binding agent such as salt, flour, or gelatin may also be added to the eggs. The key to the formation of a good meringue is the formation of stiff peaks by denaturing the protein ovalbumin (a protein in the egg whites) via mechanical shear.

They are light, airy, and sweet confections. Homemade meringues are often chewy and soft with a crisp exterior, while many commercial meringues are crisp throughout. A uniform crisp texture may be achieved at home by baking at a low temperature (80–90 °C or 176–194 °F) for an extended period of up to two hours.
Claro, Switzerland
Claro is a former municipality in the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.

Gorduno
Gorduno is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.
Texas Tornados
Texas Tornados is an American Tejano supergroup, composed of some of country music's biggest artists who modernized the Tex-Mex style including Flaco Jiménez, Augie Meyers, Doug Sahm, and Freddy Fender. Its music is a fusion of conjunto (German and Norteño Mexican fusion music of Texas) with rock, country, and various Mexican styles.

As of August 2025, Meyers is the last surviving original member.

Tejano music
Tejano music (Spanish: música tejana), also known as Tex-Mex music, is a popular music style fusing Mexican influences. Its evolution began in northern Mexico (a variation of regional Mexican music known as norteño).

It reached a larger audience in the late 20th century with the popularity of performers and groups such as Mazz, Selena, La Mafia, Ram Herrera, La Sombra, Elida Reyna, Elsa García, Laura Canales, Intocable, Jay Perez, Emilio Navaira, Esteban "Steve" Jordan, Shelly Lares, David Lee Garza y Los Musicales, Jennifer Peña and La Fiebre.
Linker (computing)
A linker or link editor is a computer program that combines intermediate software build files such as object and library files into a single executable file such as a program or library. A linker is often part of a toolchain that includes a compiler and/or assembler that generates intermediate files that the linker processes. The linker may be integrated with other toolchain tools such that the user does not interact with the linker directly.

A simpler version that writes its output directly to memory is called the loader, though loading is typically considered a separate process.

Executable
In computing, an executable is a resource that a computer can use to control its behavior. As with all information in computing, it is data, but distinct from data that does not imply a flow of control. Terms such as executable code, executable file, executable program, and executable image describe forms in which the information is represented and stored. A native executable is machine code and is directly executable at the instruction level of a CPU. A script is also executable although indirectly via an interpreter. Intermediate executable code (such as bytecode) may be interpreted or converted to native code at runtime via just-in-time compilation.
Hilda Thegerström
Hilda Aurora Thegerström (1838–1907) was a Swedish pianist, music teacher and composer in the second half of the 19th century. Thanks to training under Franz Berwald, in April 1856 she was able to perform Chopin's Concerto in F-minor accompanied by the Royal Swedish Orchestra. After further training under Franz Liszt, from 1859 she gave concerts in Weimar, Munich and Leipzig before returning to perform in Sweden. She later became the principal piano teacher at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music where she remained for 32 years.

Franz Berwald
Franz  Adolf Berwald (23 July 1796 – 3 April 1868) was a Swedish Romantic composer and violinist. He made his living as an orthopedist and later as the manager of a saw mill and glass factory, and became more appreciated as a composer after his death than he had been in his lifetime. Prominent in his oeuvre are several operas, much chamber music and four symphonies.
Harnirpal Singh
Bhai Harnirpal Singh a.k.a. "Kuku", former MLA of Muktsar constituency,  is the younger brother and political heir to the late Bhai Shaminder Singh. He is a member of Indian National Congress and was appointed an executive member of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee (PPCC) and Member of the National Executive, Jatt Mahasabha by Captain Amarinder Singh, (President, PPCC).

He is appointed the General Seceretary, Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee (PPCC).

Shaminder Singh
Shaminder Singh (1947–1991) was twice Member of Parliament  from Faridkot district in Indian Punjab. Wildly popular during the militancy days, he was known for his independent spirit and boldly kept a respectable distance from Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale which was appreciated as a dare-devil feat by the general public and largely and especially by the bureaucrats and the heavy-handed Punjab Police officers, who not only allowed but even encouraged him to openly carry an AK-47 on his person, turning him into a local version of self-styled sheriff let loose to up-keep law and order in the highly disturbed Punjab in those days of militancy.