hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shaksgam River
The Shaksgam River is a left tributary of the Yarkand River. The river is also known as the Kelechin River (Chinese: 克勒青河) and Muztagh River (Chinese: 穆斯塔格河). It rises in the Gasherbrum, Urdok, Staghar, Singhi and Kyagar Glaciers in the Karakoram. It then flows in a general northwestern direction parallel to the Karakoram ridge line in  the Shaksgam Valley. It receives the waters of the Shimshal Braldu river and the Oprang river from the Pakistan-administered Hunza District before turning east and joining the Yarkand River. The stretch of the river's course between Shimshal Braldu and Oprang is used as the Pakistan–China border.

Administratively, the Chinese part of the valley is within the southernmost portions of Yarkand County (the source) and the Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County (lower course). India claims the entire valley as part of its Jammu and Kashmir state, now part of Ladakh.

Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County
Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County (officially spelled Taxkorgan) is an autonomous county of Kashgar Prefecture, in western Xinjiang, China. The county seat is Tashkurgan. The county is the only Tajik (Pamiri) autonomous county in China.
Russell H. Adams
Russell Hartley Adams (April 22, 1899 – March 19, 1956) was an American attorney who served as Allegheny County District Attorney, including metropolitan Pittsburgh, from January 1942 until December 17, 1945. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Adams was born in Duquesne, Pennsylvania, to Harry H. Adams and Gwendolyn Davis. He died of coronary occlusion in Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania.

Allegheny County District Attorney
The Allegheny County district attorney is the elected district attorney for Pittsburgh and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of Pennsylvania commonwealth laws (federal law violations are prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania). The current district attorney is Stephen Zappala.

In 1995, the assistant district attorneys formed a collective bargaining unit and voted to be represented by the United Steelworkers of America. The bargaining unit also represents assistant public defenders and scientists in the coroner's office (now the Office of Medical Examiner) and computer professionals in the prothonotary's office (now the Department of Court Records).
Elena Krykanova
Elena Krykanova, also romanized as Krikanova, (Russian: Елена Крыканова) is a former ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union. With former partner Evgeni Platov, she is a three-time World Junior champion (1984–1986). They began skating together around December 1976 in Odessa and were coached by Boris Rublev until 1982 when they moved to Moscow to train under Natalia Dubova.

In January 1990, she defected to the United States along with Gorsha Sur, Igor Shpilband, and Veronica Pershina.

Igor Shpilband
Igor Yuryevich Shpilband (Russian: Игорь Юрьевич Шпильбанд, born July 14, 1964) is an American ice dancing coach and former competitor for the Soviet Union. He is the 1983 World Junior champion with former partner Tatiana Gladkova.
Organobromine chemistry
Organobromine chemistry is the study of the synthesis and properties of organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, which are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane.

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.

Tyrian purple
Tyrian purple (Ancient Greek: πορφύρα porphúra; Latin: purpura), also known as royal purple, imperial purple, imperial dye, or simply tyrian, is a reddish-purple natural dye. The name Tyrian refers to the city of Tyre in ancient Phoenicia (modern-day Lebanon). It is secreted by several species of predatory sea snails in the family Muricidae, rock snails originally known by the name Murex (Bolinus brandaris, Hexaplex trunculus and Stramonita haemastoma). In ancient times, extracting this dye involved tens of thousands of snails and substantial labour, and as a result, the dye was highly valued. The coloured compound is 6,6'-dibromoindigo.
Hana Rural District (Bakhtegan County)
Hana Rural District (Persian: دهستان حناڈ) is in Hana District of Bakhtegan County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qasemabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Tom Shuli, now a city.

Tom Shuli
Tom Shuli (Persian: تم شولي) is a city in, and the capital of, Hana District of Bakhtegan County, Fars province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Hana Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Qasemabad.
Polyethoxylated tallow amine
Polyethoxylated tallow amine (also polyoxyethylene tallowamine, POE-tallowamine) refers to a range of non-ionic surfactants derived from animal fats, or tallow. They are a class of polyethoxylated amines (POEAs). The abbreviation 'POEA' is often erroneously used to refer to POE-tallowamine. They are used primarily as emulsifiers and wetting agents for agrochemical formulations, such as pesticides (e.g. glyphosate).

Ethoxylation
In organic chemistry, ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide (C2H4O) adds to a substrate.  It is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addition of epoxides to substrates.

In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC2H4)nOH, where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called alcohol ethoxylates.  Alcohol ethoxylates are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. Alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products. The process is of great industrial significance, with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.
Puthimari River
The Puthimari River rises in Assam, India. It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River, the fourth largest in the world. The Puthimari is known for its floods and high sediment load. Puthimari River flows through Rangia Sub-division, Hajo and Hajo Sub-division. The Baralia River, Suklai River, and Lokhaitora River is a tributary river of the Puthimari river.

Lokhaitora River
The Lokhaitora River rises in Bhutan and flows through Assam, India.  A portion divides into the Baralia River. The Lokhaitora continues south in several channels until it joins with the Suklai River forming the Puthimari River.

In northern Assam it flows through the Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary, where it is known as the Barnadi River.

Like many rivers rising in Bhutan, the Lokhaitora has become seasonal, with great floods during the rainy season, and dry for the rest of the year.
Tinjis
Tinjis (Berber languages: ⵜⵉⵏⵊⴰ, romanized: Tinja) (also called Tinga, and also spelled as Tingis) was a Libyan queen as the wife of King Antaeus in Berber and Greek mythology, and some kind of a female deity.

Antaeus
Antaeus (/ænˈtiːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀνταῖος, romanized: Antaîos, lit. 'opponent', derived from ἀντάω, antáō, 'I face, I oppose'), known to the Berbers as Anti, was a figure in Berber and Greek mythology. He was famed for his defeat by Heracles as part of the Labours of Heracles.
Werrenrath Camp
Werrenrath Camp is a historic Great Camp located in Dannemora in Clinton County, New York.  It was built in 1928 for opera singer Reinald Werrenrath (1883–1953) as a summer estate.  The property includes the main house, a boathouse, an ice house, and two stone gate posts.  The main house is a two-story, rectangular, limestone sheathed dwelling measuring approximately 37 feet wide and 61 feet long.  The interior has Shingle Style, Tudor Revival, and Arts and Crafts style design elements.: 5–7

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Great Camps
The Great Camps  are grandiose family compounds of cabins that were built in the latter half of the nineteenth century on remote lakes in the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York state. Summer homes for the wealthy, they combined rough and rural foundational elements with often lavish and sophisticated details, drawing on the Arts and Crafts Movement and American Craftsman styles of the time.  Indigenous logs and stone were combined and distinctive, often elaborate, "twigwork", to create a "Great Camp" style, initially popularized by William West Durant.
Byam Channel
The Byam Channel (75°15′N 105°00′W﻿ / ﻿75.250°N 105.000°W﻿ / 75.250; -105.000﻿ (Byam Channel)) is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago within Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It separates Melville Island (to the west) from Byam Martin Island (to the east). To the south it opens into the Parry Channel, and to the north are the Byam Martin Channel and Austin Channel.

Austin Channel
The Austin Channel (75°30′N 103°30′W﻿ / ﻿75.500°N 103.500°W﻿ / 75.500; -103.500﻿ (Austin Channel)) is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It separates Byam Martin Island (to the south) from Melville Island (to the west) and the Alexander and Bathurst Islands (to the north-east). To the north it opens to the Byam Martin Channel, to the south-west to the Byam Channel, and to the south-east to the Viscount Melville Sound (part of the Parry Channel).
Nong Chan Refugee Camp
Nong Chan Refugee Camp, near Nong Chan Village, Khok Sung District, Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand, was one of the earliest organized refugee camps on the Thai-Cambodian border, where thousands of Khmer refugees sought food and health care after fleeing the Cambodian-Vietnamese War. It was destroyed by the Vietnamese military in late 1984, after which its population was transferred to Site Two Refugee Camp.

Cambodia–Thailand border
The Cambodia–Thailand border is the international border between Cambodia and Thailand. The border is 817 km (508 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Laos in the north-east to the Gulf of Thailand in the south.
Genital stage
The genital stage in psychoanalysis is the term used by Sigmund Freud to describe the final stage of human psychosexual development. The individual develops a strong sexual interest in people outside of the family.  The genital stage is the fifth of the five Freudian psychosexual development stages: the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital.

Latency stage
The latency stage is the fourth stage of Sigmund Freud's model of a child's psychosexual development. Freud believed that the child discharges their libido (sexual energy) through a distinct body area that characterizes each stage. The latency stage is the fourth of the five Freudian psychosexual development stages: the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital.
Dense connective tissue
Dense connective tissue, also called dense fibrous tissue, is a type of connective tissue with fibers as its main matrix element. The fibers are mainly composed of type I collagen. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that generate the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. In addition, the sclera contains dense connective tissue

Connective tissue
Connective tissue is biological tissue that is found in between other tissues in the body. Most types of connective tissue consists of three main components: elastic and collagen fibers, ground substance, and cells.

It is one of the four primary types of animal tissue along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops mostly from the mesenchyme, derived from the mesoderm, the middle embryonic germ layer.

The three meninges, membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, are composed of connective tissue. Blood and lymph are classed as specialized fluid connective tissues that do not contain fiber. All are immersed in the body water. The cells of connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells and leukocytes.

The term "connective tissue" (in German, Bindegewebe) was introduced in 1830 by Johannes Peter Müller. The tissue was already recognized as a distinct class in the 18th century.
Alex Sink
Adelaide "Alex" Sink (born June 5, 1948) is an American former politician and financier. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the second chief financial officer of the state of Florida and treasurer on the board of trustees of the Florida State Board of Administration. She was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Florida and faced Republican nominee Rick Scott in the 2010 Florida gubernatorial election, losing to Scott by a 1% margin. Sink also ran as the Democratic nominee in the 2014 special election for Florida's 13th congressional district, losing to Republican David Jolly on March 11, 2014.

Chief Financial Officer of Florida
The chief financial officer of Florida is an elected statewide constitutional officer of Florida. The office was created in 2002 following the 1998 reforms of the Florida Cabinet. The CFO is a combination of the former offices of comptroller and treasurer/insurance commissioner/fire marshal. The office heads the Florida Department of Financial Services and is responsible for overseeing the state's finances, collecting revenue, paying state bills, auditing state agencies, regulating cemeteries and funerals, and handling fires and arsons. In addition, the CFO has administrative oversight over the offices which handles banking and insurance regulation. The CFO is a member of the Cabinet, and is third (behind the lieutenant governor and attorney general, respectively) in the line of succession to the office of governor of Florida.
Xeroradiography
Xeroradiography is a type of X-ray imaging in which a picture of the body is recorded on paper rather than on film. In this technique, a plate of selenium, which rests on a thin layer of aluminium oxide, is charged uniformly by passing it in front of a scorotron.
The process was developed by engineer Dr. Robert C. McMaster in 1950.

As X-ray photon impinges on this amorphous coat of selenium, charges diffuse out, in proportion to energy content of the X-ray. This occurs as a result of photoconduction. The resulting imprint, in the form of charge distribution on the plate, attracts toner particles, which is then transferred to reusable paper plates. In contrast to conventional X-rays, photographic developers are not needed. Hence the term xeroradiography; 'xero' meaning dry in Greek.
It requires more radiation exposure. Historically used in mammography prior to the advent of digital mammography.

Xeromammography is a form of xeroradiography.

Scorotron
A scorotron (from screen controlled corona), also called a corona grid, is a device which creates corona discharge current, used in xerography.  Scorotrons appear in photocopiers, in xeroradiography equipment, and similar applications.
KBRF
KBRF (1250 AM, "Good Neighbor Radio") is a radio station licensed to Fergus Falls, Minnesota, United States and serving the Fergus Falls-Detroit Lakes area. It broadcasts a news/talk format featuring programming from NBC News Radio, Fox Sports Radio, Compass Media Networks, Premiere Networks, Townhall News, and Westwood One.

The station is currently owned by Leighton Broadcasting, through licensee Leighton Radio Holdings, Inc. Studios and offices are west of downtown Fergus Falls at 728 Western Avenue North, near I94. The transmitter site is east of town, on Highway 210.

Fergus Falls, Minnesota
Fergus Falls (/ˈfɜːrɡəs/ FUR-gəss) is a city in and the county seat of Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,119 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 14,258 in 2024.
Annandale Way
The Annandale Way is a 90-kilometre (56 mi) hiking trail in Scotland, which is officially designated by NatureScot as one of Scotland's Great Trails. It follows the valley of the River Annan from its source in the Moffat Hills to the sea in the Solway Firth south of the town of Annan. The route, which was established on 12 September 2009, has been designed to be traversable in four to five days as a continuous walk but it also offers several day-walks. Overnight stops can be arranged in small market towns and villages along the route such as Moffat, Johnstonebridge, Lochmaben, Lockerbie, or Annan. The route has been developed by Sulwath Connections and local communities, with the support of local estates and farmers, to help promote Annandale as a new area for walking. Its trailheads are near the Devil's Beef Tub in the Moffat Hills and on the Solway Firth just south of Annan, in Newbie.

Annan, Dumfries and Galloway
Annan (/ˈænən/ AN-ən; Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Anainn) is a town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. Historically part of Dumfriesshire, its public buildings include Annan Academy, of which the writer Thomas Carlyle was a pupil, and a Georgian building now known as "Bridge House". Annan also features a Historic Resources Centre. In Port Street, some of the windows remain blocked up to avoid paying the window tax.

Each year on the first Saturday in July, Annan celebrates the Royal Charter and the boundaries of the Royal Burgh are confirmed when a mounted cavalcade undertakes the Riding of the Marches. Entertainment includes a procession, sports, field displays and massed pipe bands. Annan's in America first migrated to New York and Virginia.  Annandale Virginia is an early settlement which celebrates The Scottish Games annually.
Centennial Station
The Centennial Station (also known as Olympia–Lacey) is a train station located immediately south of Lacey, Washington, United States, that also serves the capital city of Olympia. The station is served by Amtrak's (the National Railroad Passenger Corporation) Cascades and Coast Starlight.

Local transit connections are provided by Intercity Transit, which operates two routes with connections to transit hubs in Olympia, Lacey, and Yelm. The agency also assumes some operating and maintenance duties at the station, which is otherwise staffed by volunteers. Funding is provided by Amtrak and seven local jurisdictions, including Thurston County, Intercity Transit, the Port of Olympia, and nearby city governments.

Lacey, Washington
Lacey is a city in Thurston County, Washington, United States. It is a suburb of Olympia with a population of 53,526 at the 2020 census, making it the 24th most populous city in Washington. Lacey is located along Interstate 5 between Olympia and the Nisqually River, which marks the border with Pierce County and Joint Base Lewis–McChord.
Orange box
An orange box is a piece of hardware or software that generates caller ID frequency-shift keying (FSK) signals to spoof caller ID information on the target's caller ID terminal. Phreakers typically use them and other phreaking boxes to perform their attacks.

Caller ID spoofing
Caller ID spoofing is a spoofing attack which causes the telephone network's Caller ID to indicate to the receiver of a call that the originator of the call is a station other than the true originating station. This can lead to a  display showing a phone number different from that of the telephone from which the call was placed.

The term is commonly used to describe situations in which the motivation is considered malicious by the originator.

One effect of the widespread availability of Caller ID spoofing is that, as AARP published in 2019, "you can no longer trust call ID."
Mischling
Mischling (German: [ˈmɪʃlɪŋ] ⓘ; lit. 'mix-ling'; pl. Mischlinge) was a pejorative legal term which was used in Nazi Germany to denote persons of mixed "Aryan" and "non-Aryan", such as Jewish, ancestry as they were classified by the Nuremberg racial laws of 1935. In German, the word has the general connotation of “hybrid”, “mongrel”, or “half-breed”. Outside its use in official Nazi terminology, the term Mischlingskinder ('mixed children') was later used to refer to war babies born to non-white soldiers and German mothers in the aftermath of World War II.

Glossary of Nazi Germany
This is a list of words, terms, concepts and slogans of Nazi Germany used in the historiography covering the Nazi regime.
Some words were coined by Adolf Hitler and other Nazi Party members. Other words and concepts were borrowed and appropriated, and other terms were already in use during the Weimar Republic. Finally, some are taken from Germany's cultural tradition.
Oshkosh TAK-4 Independent Suspension System
TAK-4 independent suspension system is a family of independent suspension systems designed and manufactured by Oshkosh Corporation for use on military, severe-duty and emergency vehicles. The system was developed from the mid-1990s.

In addition to third party usage for U.S. Army and Marines Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) fleet upgrades, TAK-4 independent suspension system is fitted by Oshkosh to a variety of its military vehicles and by its business unit, Oshkosh Airport Products, to its Striker Aircraft Rescue Fire Fighting (ARFF) trucks and Pierce Manufacturing to its fire apparatuses.

Oshkosh Corporation
Oshkosh Corporation, formerly Oshkosh Truck, is an American industrial company that designs and builds specialty trucks, military vehicles, truck bodies, airport fire apparatus, and access equipment. The corporation also owns Pierce Manufacturing, a fire apparatus manufacturer in Appleton, Wisconsin, and JLG Industries, a manufacturer of lift equipment, including aerial lifts, boom lifts, scissor lifts, telehandlers and low-level access lifts.

Based in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, the company employs approximately 15,000 people around the world at 130 facilities in 24 countries. It is organized in four primary business groups: access equipment, defense, fire and emergency, and commercial.
Dudi Sela
David "Dudi" Sela (Hebrew: דודי סלע; born 4 April 1985) is an Israeli former professional tennis player. He reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 29 in July 2009.

Sela won the French Open 2003 junior doubles title. Representing Israel in the Davis Cup, his highlights include a win in 2007 over then-world No. 7 Fernando González, and being a key player in Israel's semifinal run in 2009. In 2008 he beat world No. 5 David Ferrer in straight sets, and in 2010 he beat world No. 7 Andy Roddick in straight sets. Sela reached the fourth round of the 2009 Wimbledon Championships and has finished runner-up in two ATP tournaments in Beijing and Atlanta. In 2015, he won his 24th career ATP Challenger event of his career, moving him into second place on the all-time list of Challenger title wins (behind Lu Yen-hsun).

Ričardas Berankis
Ričardas Berankis (Lithuanian pronunciation: [ˈrʲɪtʃɐrdɐs bʲɛˈrɐŋʲˑkʲɪs]; born June 21, 1990) is a Lithuanian former professional tennis player. He was the first and only Lithuanian to enter the ATP top 50 rankings, making him the highest ranked Lithuanian tennis player of all time. Berankis has reached two singles finals on the ATP World Tour, at the Los Angeles Open in 2012 and at the Kremlin Cup in 2017 and won one doubles title in Houston. He was also a prominent member of the Lithuania Davis Cup team.