hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics
The Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics was established by Daniel Guggenheim and his son, Harry Guggenheim on June 16, 1926. Between 1926 and 1930 the fund disbursed $3 million, making grants that established schools or research centers at New York University, Stanford University, the University of Michigan, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Washington, the Georgia Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Syracuse University, Northwestern University, the University of Akron, and the California Institute of Technology. From mid July to late October, 1927, the fund also sponsored a 22,350-mile flying tour of the US by Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of St. Louis after his solo non-stop flight from New York to Paris on May 20–21, 1927. The Guggenheim Tour included visits to 82 cities in all 48 states during which Lindbergh delivered 147 speeches promoting aviation.

Daniel Guggenheim
Daniel Guggenheim (July 9, 1856 – September 28, 1930) was an American mining magnate and philanthropist, and a son of Meyer and Barbara Guggenheim. By 1910 he directed the world's most important group of mining interests. He was forced out in 1922 and retired to philanthropy to promote aviation. His achievements include a system for innovation, as well as leadership in amicable labor relations, and major roles in aviation and rocketry.
Principality of Valona
The Principality of Valona and Kanina, also known as the Despotate of Valona and Kanina, Principality of Valona or Principality of Vlorë (1346–1417) was a medieval principality in Albania, roughly encompassing the territories of the modern counties of Vlorë (Valona), Fier, and Berat. Initially a vassal of the Serbian Empire, it became an independent lordship after 1355, although de facto under Venetian influence, and remained as such until it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1417.

Comita Muzaka
Comita Muzaka (Albanian: Komita Muzaka died 1396), also known as Komnina, Komnena, Comnina or Komnene was an Albanian princess and member of the Muzaka family. She was a regnant Lady of Vlorë, Berat, Kaninë and Himarë between 1385 and 1396 in succession to her spouse.
Hank Zipzer
The Hank Zipzer: The World's Greatest Underachiever series of fictional American children's books (2003–2010) by actor Henry Winkler and writer Lin Oliver, tells the story of a dyslexic child, Hank Zipzer. The series is based on Winkler's difficulties with school as a child, and  it is set in his childhood home. After finishing the main series, Winkler and Oliver created a prequel called Here's Hank. This series explores Hank's life as a second grader (2014 to 2019). In addition, Winkler and Oliver created a television series (and Christmas film) called Hank Zipzer that ran from January 2014 to December 2016 on the CBBC channel. HBO Max began streaming all three seasons of Hank Zipzer in May 2022 and Hank Zipzer's Christmas Catastrophe in December 2022.

Hank Zipzer (TV series)
Hank Zipzer is a British  children's television series created by Henry Winkler, based on the book series of the same name by Winkler and Lin Oliver. It stars Nick James as the 12-year-old dyslexic schoolboy, Hank Zipzer. Winkler also portrays Mr. Rock, Hank's music teacher. Unlike the books that took place in Winkler's native United States, the series takes place in London, in the United Kingdom. It also included a 2016 Christmas special, Hank Zipzer's Christmas Catastrophe. HBO Max began streaming all three seasons on May 13, 2022, and began streaming Hank Zipzer's Christmas Catastrophe on December 2, 2022.
Rivolta d'Adda
Rivolta d'Adda (Lombard: Riólta) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Milan and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Rivolta d'Adda borders the following municipalities: Agnadello, Arzago d'Adda, Casirate d'Adda, Cassano d'Adda, Comazzo, Merlino, Pandino, Spino d'Adda, Truccazzano. Sights include the church of San Sigismondo (11th century), the church of Santa Maria Immacolata (15th century), a Prehistoric Park with a museum  and reconstruction of extinct prehistoric creatures.

Spino d'Adda
Spino d'Adda (Cremasco: Spì) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Milan and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Spino d'Adda borders the following municipalities: Boffalora d'Adda, Dovera, Merlino, Pandino, Rivolta d'Adda, Zelo Buon Persico.
Uffington, Oxfordshire
Uffington is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire, about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Faringdon and 6 miles (10 km) west of Wantage.  The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 783. Lying within the historic county boundaries of Berkshire, in 1974 it was transferred for local government purposes to Oxfordshire under the Local Government Act 1972. Uffington is most commonly known for the Uffington White Horse hill figure on the Berkshire Downs in the south of the parish.

Faringdon
Faringdon /ˈfærɪŋdən/ is a historic market town in the Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire, England, 18 miles (29 km) south-west of Oxford, 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Wantage and 12 miles (19 km) east-north-east of Swindon. Its views extend to the River Thames in the north and the highest ground visible is on the Ridgeway in the south. Faringdon was Berkshire's westernmost town until the 1974 boundary changes transferred its administration to Oxfordshire. The civil parish is formally known as Great Faringdon, to distinguish it from Little Faringdon in West Oxfordshire. The 2011 Census gave a population of 7,121; it was estimated at 7,992 in 2019. On 1 February 2004, Faringdon became the first place in south-east England to be awarded Fairtrade Town status.
Fox Footy Longest Kick
Fox Footy Longest Kick, established by Fox Footy in 2015, is an annual kicking competition. Each year, ten or more players take turns to try to kick a Sherrin football as far as they can across the Yarra River, with the winner being the person who kicks the farthest. The competition takes place on the AFL Grand Final day each year. The reigning champion is Daniel Rich, who kicked a 69.5-metre (228 ft) torpedo punt on the day of the 2023 AFL Grand Final.

As of the completion of the 2023 edition, Bryce Gibbs' 72.3-metre (237 ft) kick from 2016 is the record, and nobody has ever cleared the river. Due to a revitalisation project at Birrarung Marr on the banks of the Yarra River, the 2024 edition did not go ahead.

2023 AFL Grand Final
The 2023 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between the Collingwood Football Club and the Brisbane Lions at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Saturday, 30 September 2023. It was the 128th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (AFL), staged to determine the premiers for the 2023 AFL season. The match, attended by a capacity crowd of 100,024 spectators, was won by Collingwood by a margin of four points, marking the club's sixteenth VFL/AFL premiership and tying the record held jointly by Carlton and Essendon. Collingwood's Bobby Hill won the Norm Smith Medal as the player judged best on ground.
Constitution Trail
The Constitution Trail is a multi-use rail trail located in Illinois. It occupies an abandoned Illinois Central Gulf Railroad corridor that runs through the 'Twin Cities' of Bloomington and Normal in McLean County, Illinois.

The trail, which is owned by the municipalities of Bloomington and Normal, is used by bikers, inline skaters, walkers, runners and skiers, and covers approximately 37 mi (60 km). of former railways.  It features the Camelback Bridge in Normal, a site on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Its official opening was May 6, 1989. In 2000, the trail was officially named a "Millennium Trail" by the White House Millennium Council.

In 2026, the trail received $2M in federal extension funding.

Camelback Bridge, overlooking the trail.

One of the many wooden bridges overlooking Bloomington City streets.

Normal, Illinois
Normal is a town in McLean County, Illinois, United States. The population was 52,736 at the 2020 census. Normal is the smaller of two principal cities of the Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area, and is Illinois's seventh most populous community outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is home to Illinois State University and Heartland Community College.

Founded in 1865, it was renamed Normal in 1867, because the university when it began was focused on educating teachers (a normal institute), Illinois State Normal University. Chris Koos has been the mayor of Normal since 2003.
Zane C. Hodges
Zane Clark Hodges (June 15, 1932 – November 23, 2008) was an American pastor, seminary professor, and Bible scholar.

Some of the views he is known for are these:

"Free grace theology," a view that holds that eternal life is received as a free gift only through belief in Jesus Christ for eternal life and it need not necessarily result in repentance or good works. Therefore, one need not preach repentance when preaching the message of salvation.

"Eternal rewards," a view that various passages in the New Testament are not dealing with eternal salvation but addressing Christians and the opportunity to earn eternal rewards or to caution against their loss.

His position in support of the Majority Text (Byzantine priority).

Grace Evangelical Society
Grace Evangelical Society (GES) is an evangelical Christian advocacy organization based in Denton, Texas, whose purpose is to promote Free Grace Theology. Founded in 1986, GES is a non-profit, evangelical publisher specializing in books that deal with soteriology from a free grace perspective. GES also holds an annual international conference, currently at Camp Copass in Denton, Texas. The executive director, Robert N. (Bob) Wilkin, speaks across the country at churches and regional conferences and has written several books. The ministry critiques certain ideas in evangelism and theology, especially strains of Covenant theology, Puritanism and Lordship salvation.
Cecil Dudgeon
Cecil Randolph Dudgeon (7 November 1885 – 4 November 1970) was a Scottish Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) who joined Oswald Mosley's New Party.

He was elected at the 1922 general election as MP for Galloway, re-elected unopposed in 1923, but was defeated at the 1924 general election. He was beaten again at the by-election in 1925 following the death of his Unionist successor Sir Arthur Henniker-Hughan, but regained the seat at the 1929 general election.

When Parliament was dissolved for the 1931 general election, Dudgeon resigned from the Liberal Party and contested the election as a New Party candidate. He finished 4th of 4 candidates, with 986 votes (a 2.0% share). He did not stand for Parliament again.

Arthur Henniker-Hughan
Admiral Sir Arthur John Henniker-Hughan, 6th Baronet, CB (24 January 1866 – 4 October 1925) was a Royal Navy officer who sat as Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for Galloway from 1924 until his death.
Salton Trough
The Salton Trough is an active tectonic pull-apart basin, or graben. It lies within the Imperial, Riverside, and San Diego counties of southeastern California and extends south of the Mexico–United States border into the state of Baja California.

Pull-apart basin
In geology, a basin is a region where subsidence generates accommodation space for the deposition of sediments. A pull-apart basin is a structural basin where two overlapping (en echelon) strike-slip faults or a fault bend create an area of crustal extension undergoing tension, which causes the basin to sink down. Frequently, the basins are rhombic or sigmoidal in shape.  Dimensionally, basins are limited to the distance between the faults and the length of overlap.
Gerechtigkeitsgasse
The Gerechtigkeitsgasse ("Justice Alley") is one of the principal streets in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland. Together with its extension, the Kramgasse, it is the heart of the inner city. Hans Gieng's most famous fountain figure, the statue of Lady Justice on the Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen, commands the view of the street's gentle slopes and curves.

The Gerechtigkeitsgasse and its buildings are a heritage site of national significance and part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City.

Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Bern)
The Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Fountain of Justice) is a 16th-century fountain in the Gerechtigkeitsgasse in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. It is the only Bernese fountain to retain all original design elements, and is listed as a cultural heritage of national significance.

Thanks to its namesake figure, Hans Gieng's famous statue of Lady Justice, the Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen surpasses all other Bernese fountains in artistic merit. The iconic figure was copied throughout Switzerland up until the middle of the 17th century. The statue is a copy of the original, which was largely destroyed by vandals in 1986.
Party of National Brotherhood
The Party of National Brotherhood or National Brotherhood Party (Arabic: حزب الاخاء الوطني, romanized: Hizb al-Ikha al-Watani, HIW) was an Iraqi political party formed in 1930–1931 by Yasin al-Hashimi, Naji al-Suwaydi, and Rashid Ali al-Gillani. A pan-Arabist and strongly nationalist party, it became associated with opposition to the British Empire. It dominated Iraqi governments from its foundation until the 1936 coup.

Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (Al-Gailani) (Arabic: رشيد عالي الکَيلاني, Arabic pronunciation: [raʃiːd ʕaːliː al.keːlaːniː]) (1892 – 28 August 1965) was an Iraqi politician who served as Prime Minister of Iraq on three occasions: from March to November 1933, from March 1940 to February 1941 and from April to May 1941. He is chiefly remembered as an ardent Arab nationalist who attempted to remove British influence from Iraq by starting a coup against the government in 1941. During his brief tenures as prime minister in 1940 and 1941, he attempted to negotiate settlements with the Axis powers during World War II to counter British influence in Iraq.
Traditional IRA
A traditional IRA is an individual retirement arrangement (IRA), established in the United States by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) (Pub. L. 93–406, 88 Stat. 829, enacted September 2, 1974, codified in part at 29 U.S.C. ch. 18). Normal IRAs also existed before ERISA.

Individual retirement account
An individual retirement account (IRA) in the United States is a type of retirement savings plan offered by many financial institutions that provides tax advantages for retirement savings. It is a trust that holds investment assets purchased with a taxpayer's earned income for the taxpayer's eventual benefit in old age. An individual retirement account is a type of individual retirement arrangement as described in IRS Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs). Other arrangements include individual retirement annuities and employer-established benefit trusts.
Grafton High School (North Dakota)
Grafton High School is a public high school built in 1981 and located in Grafton, North Dakota. The school is part of the Grafton Public Schools system. The official school colors are maroon and gold and the athletic teams are known as the Spoilers. The current principal is Randy Rice, Activities Director and Assistant Principal is Jon Koehmstedt (RIP) and Superintendent is Darren Albrecht.

North Dakota High School Activities Association
The North Dakota High School Activities Association (NDHSAA) is the governing body for the U.S. state of North Dakota's high-school athletics and fine arts. The current executive director of the NDHSAA is Matthew Fetsch and the headquarters are located in Valley City, North Dakota.
Borough of Charnwood
Charnwood is a local government district with borough status in the north of Leicestershire, England. It is named after Charnwood Forest, much of which lies within the borough. Towns in the borough include Loughborough (where the council is based), Shepshed and Syston. Villages in the borough include Barrow upon Soar, Birstall, Hathern, Mountsorrel, Quorn, Rothley, Sileby and Woodhouse Eaves.

The neighbouring districts are Melton, Harborough, Leicester, Blaby, Hinckley and Bosworth, North West Leicestershire and Rushcliffe.

Blaby District
Blaby is a local government district in Leicestershire, England. The district is named after the village of Blaby, although the council is based in Narborough. The district covers an area lying south-west of the city of Leicester. Several of the district's settlements form part of the wider Leicester Urban Area, including Glenfield, where Leicestershire County Council has its headquarters at County Hall, and the town of Braunstone.

The neighbouring districts are Hinckley and Bosworth, Charnwood, Leicester, Oadby and Wigston, Harborough and Rugby.
Gayndah Racecourse
Gayndah Racecourse is a heritage-listed racecourse at Fisher Avenue, Gayndah, North Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built c. 1855. It is also known as Gayndah Race Track. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 12 September 2005.

Gayndah
Gayndah (/ɡeɪndə/) is a town and locality in the North Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It is the administrative centre for the North Burnett Region. In the 2021 census, the locality of Gayndah had a population of 1,949 people.
Craithes House
Craithes House is a heritage-listed former rural homestead located at 34–40 Borec Road, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia. It was built in 1870. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Penrith, New South Wales
Penrith is a suburb in Outer Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Sydney central business district on the eastern bank of the Nepean River. It is on the outskirts of the Cumberland Plain at an elevation of 32 metres (105 ft). Penrith is the administrative centre for the City of Penrith local government area.
Planetary core
A planetary core consists of the innermost layers of a planet. Cores may be entirely liquid, or a mixture of solid and liquid layers as is the case in the Earth. In the Solar System, core sizes range from about 20% (the Moon) to 85% of a planet's radius (Mercury).

Gas giants also have cores, though the composition of these are still a matter of debate and range in possible composition from traditional stony/iron, to ice or to fluid metallic hydrogen. Gas giant cores are proportionally much smaller than those of terrestrial planets, though they can be considerably larger than the Earth's nevertheless; Jupiter's is 10–30 times heavier than Earth, and exoplanet HD149026 b may have a core 100 times the mass of the Earth.

Planetary cores are challenging to study because they are impossible to reach by drill and there are almost no samples that are definitively from the core. Thus, they are studied via indirect techniques such as seismology, mineral physics, and planetary dynamics.

Planetary differentiation
In planetary science, planetary differentiation is the process by which the chemical elements of a planetary body accumulate in different areas of that body, due to their physical or chemical behavior (e.g. density and chemical affinities). The process of planetary differentiation is mediated by partial melting with heat from radioactive isotope decay and planetary accretion. Planetary differentiation has occurred on planets, dwarf planets, the asteroid 4 Vesta, and natural satellites (such as the Moon).
President of Montenegro
The president of Montenegro is the head of state of Montenegro. The current president is Jakov Milatović since 20 May 2023. The official residence of the president is the Blue Palace in Cetinje.

The president is constitutionally limited to a single five-year term of office. A candidate must be a citizen of Montenegro and have lived there for at least ten of the prior fifteen years.

Constitution of Montenegro
The current Constitution of Montenegro was ratified and adopted by the Constitutional Parliament of Montenegro on 19 October 2007 in an extraordinary session by achieving the required two-thirds supermajority of votes. It was officially proclaimed on 22 October 2007, replacing the constitution of 1992.
Vijaydan Detha
Vijaydan Detha (1 September 1926 – 10 November 2013), also known as Bijji, was a noted Indian writer of Rajasthani literature. He was a recipient of several awards including the Padma Shri and the Sahitya Akademi Award.

Detha has more than 800 short stories to his credit, which have been translated into English and other languages. With Komal Kothari, he founded Rupayan Sansthan, an institute that documents Rajasthani folklore, art, and music. His literary works include Bataan ri Phulwari (Garden of Tales), a 14-volume collection of stories that draws on folklore in the spoken dialects of Rajasthan. Many of his stories and novels have been adapted for the stage and the screen: adaptations include Mani Kaul's Duvidha (1973), Habib Tanvir and Shyam Benegal's Charandas Chor (1975), Prakash Jha's Parinati (1986), Amol Palekar's Paheli (2005), Pushpendra Singh's The Honour Keeper (2014), Dedipya Joshii's Kaanchli Life in a Slough (2020), and Pushpendra Singh's Laila aur Satt Geet (2020).

Mani Kaul
Mani Kaul (25 December 1944 – 6 July 2011) was an Indian director of Hindi films and a figure in Indian parallel cinema. He graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) where he was a student of Ritwik Ghatak and later became a teacher. Starting his career with Uski Roti (1969), which won him the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie, he went on to win four of them in all. He won the National Film Award for Best Direction in 1974 for Duvidha and later the National Film Award for his documentary film Siddheshwari in 1989.
ILP Contingent
The British Independent Labour Party sent a small contingent to fight in the Spanish Civil War. The contingent fought alongside the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) and included George Orwell, who subsequently wrote about his experiences in his personal account Homage to Catalonia.

Independent Labour Party
The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in Bradford, after local and national dissatisfaction with the Liberals' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates. A sitting independent MP and prominent union organiser, Keir Hardie, became its first chairman.

The party played a key role in the formation of the Labour Representation Committee, to which ILP members Hardie and Ramsay MacDonald were delegates at its foundation in 1900. The committee was renamed the Labour Party in 1906, and the ILP remained affiliated until 1932. In 1947, the organisation's three parliamentary representatives defected to the Labour Party, and the organisation joined Labour as Independent Labour Publications in 1975.
Peninsula campaign order of battle: Union
The following Union Army units and commanders were the initial structure on April 4, 1862 of the Union Department of the Potomac during the Peninsula campaign of the American Civil War. This list includes units deployed to the Virginia Peninsula, and those that remained in the Washington area. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.

Peninsula campaign order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate Army units and commanders were the initial structure on April 30, 1862 of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the Peninsula campaign of the American Civil War. It contains units throughout Virginia that influenced the campaign. The Union order of battle is listed separately.