hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scaffolding (bioinformatics)
Scaffolding is a technique used in bioinformatics. It is defined as follows:

Link together a non-contiguous series of genomic sequences into a scaffold, consisting of sequences separated by gaps of known length. The sequences that are linked are typically contiguous sequences corresponding to read overlaps.

When creating a draft genome, individual reads of DNA are second assembled into contigs, which, by the nature of their assembly, have gaps between them. The next step is to then bridge the gaps between these contigs to create a scaffold. This can be done using either optical mapping or mate-pair sequencing.

Contig
A contig (from contiguous) is a set of overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA.

In bottom-up sequencing projects, a contig refers to overlapping sequence data (reads); in top-down sequencing projects, contig refers to the overlapping clones that form a physical map of the genome that is used to guide sequencing and assembly. Contigs can thus refer both to overlapping DNA sequences and to overlapping physical segments (fragments) contained in clones depending on the context.
Epifagus
Epifagus virginiana, commonly called beech drops (or beech-drops or beechdrops), is an obligate parasitic plant which grows and subsists on the roots of American beech. It is a member of the family Orobanchaceae. The genus Epifagus is monotypic—containing only E. virginiana. The name Epifagus derives from Greek "epi" meaning "on" or "upon", and "Fagus" which is the genus name of beech.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.
Taguig City Integrated Terminal Exchange
The Taguig City Integrated Terminal Exchange (TCITX), originally conceptualized as the South Integrated Transport System (ITS-South), is a proposed intermodal transport terminal in Arca South, Taguig. It is primarily a bus terminal for buses going to and from Southern Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao but connected to the FTI station and the under-construction Metro Manila Subway and the North–South Commuter Railway, as well as the Southeast Metro Manila Expressway. Originally scheduled for completion by 2022, construction has yet to begin as pre-construction activities were temporarily suspended due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, but it was lifted in July 2023.

Arca South
Arca South is a 74-hectare (180-acre) mixed-use estate by Ayala Land, Inc. located at East Service Road, Barangay Western Bicutan, Taguig, Philippines. The site was formerly part of the massive Food Terminal Inc., before a large part of it was sold to Ayala Land in 2013.
Arroyo Fountain
Arroyo Fountain is a historic monument located in front of Casa Real de Iloilo in Iloilo City Proper, Philippines. The fountain serves as kilometre zero, the benchmark used to measure distances from Iloilo City to other points in Panay Island, the Western Visayas region, and other places in the Philippines.

Arroyo Fountain was named after Senator José María Arroyo, who authored Republic Act No. 3222, the law that established the Iloilo Metropolitan Waterworks in 1925. It was declared an Important Cultural Property (ICP), along with the Casa Real de Iloilo, by the National Museum of the Philippines (NMP) in December 2022.

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".
RAF Pitreavie Castle
Royal Air Force Pitreavie Castle or RAF Pitreavie Castle was a station of the Royal Air Force located at Pitreavie Castle in Dunfermline and near Rosyth, Fife, Scotland.

Built in the early 17th century, the castle was sold to the Air Ministry in 1938. An underground bunker was constructed and the station was used to coordinate the operations of RAF Coastal Command and the Royal Navy during the Second World War.

The station was subsequently used as a UK and NATO maritime headquarters before closing in 1996. It is now in residential use.

Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland
The Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland (FOSNI) was a senior post in the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. It was based at HM Naval Base Clyde, and the holder of the post was the Royal Navy's senior officer in Scotland. The post of FOSNI, dating from 1946, was re-scoped and re-named in 1994 to Flag Officer Scotland, Northern England & Northern Ireland (FOSNNI), then named back in 2015, before being dis-established in 2020.
The Excavation of Hob's Barrow
The Excavation of Hob's Barrow is a folk horror point-and-click adventure game developed by Cloak and Dagger Games and published by Wadjet Eye Games in 2022.  Players attempt to solve a mystery in rural England during the Victorian era.

Folk horror
Folk horror is a subgenre of horror film and horror fiction that uses elements of folklore to invoke fear and foreboding. Typical elements include a rural setting, isolation, and themes of superstition, folk religion, paganism, sacrifice and the dark aspects of nature. Although related to supernatural horror film, folk horror usually focuses on the beliefs and actions of people, rather than the supernatural, and often deals with naïve outsiders coming up against these. The British films Witchfinder General (1968), Blood on Satan's Claw (1971) and The Wicker Man (1973) are pioneers of the genre, while The Witch (2015) and Midsommar (2019) sparked renewed interest in folk horror. Southeast Asian cinema also commonly features folk horror.
Jerantut District
The Jerantut District (Pahang Malay: Jerantet) is a district in north-eastern Pahang, Malaysia. Jerantut is home to the National Park.

Being the largest district in Pahang, it bounds the northern states of Kelantan and Terengganu, in the south, Temerloh District and Maran District, in the west, Lipis District and Raub District and in the east, Kuantan District. Tembeling River, the main river in this district is one way to the National Park and the surrounding villages in Ulu Tembeling, as well as national highway 1508 from Jerantut town.

The confluence of Tembeling and Jelai rivers form the Pahang River where it flows right through central Pahang before emptying into the South China Sea near the royal town Pekan.

Jerantut (town)
Jerantut is a town in Jerantut District, Pahang, Malaysia. It is the largest district in the State of Pahang. It covers an area of 2,900 square miles (755,771.93 Hectares). Bordered by the States of Kelantan and Terengganu in the North, Temerloh and Maran districts in the South, Kuala Lipis and Raub districts in the West and Kuantan district and Terengganu state in the East. It has 10 mukims consisting of 295 villages administered under 58 JKKK. Jerantut District Council was gazetted on 18 February 1982. Jerantut District Council (Malay: Majlis Daerah Jerantut), formerly known as Jerantut Town Board (Malay: Lembaga Bandaran Jerantut) is the local authority of Jerantut town.
David Dodge (novelist)
David Francis Dodge (August 18, 1910, Berkeley, California – August 8, 1974, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico) was an American author of mystery/thriller novels and humorous travel books. His first book was published in 1941. His fiction is characterized by tight plotting, brisk dialogue, memorable and well-defined characters, and often exotic locations. His travel writing documented the adventures and misadventures of the Dodge family (David, his wife Elva  and daughter Kendal) as they roamed around the world. Practical advice and information for the traveler on a budget are sprinkled liberally throughout the books.

To Catch a Thief
To Catch a Thief is a 1955 American romantic thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, from a screenplay by John Michael Hayes based on the 1952 novel of the same name by David Dodge. The film stars Cary Grant as a retired cat burglar who has to save his reformed reputation by catching an impostor preying on wealthy tourists (including an oil-rich widow and her daughter played by Grace Kelly) on the French Riviera.
Lower Chehalis language
Lower Chehalis (Łəw̓ál̕məš) is a member of the Tsamosan (or Olympic Peninsula) branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. In some classifications, Lower Chehalis is placed closer to Quinault than it is to Upper Chehalis. It went extinct in the 1990s.

Coast Salish languages
The Coast Salish languages, also known as the Central Salish languages, are a branch of the Salishan language family. These languages are spoken by First Nations or Native American peoples inhabiting the Pacific Northwest, in the territory that is now known as the southwest coast of British Columbia around the Strait of Georgia and Washington State around Puget Sound. The term "Coast Salish" also refers to the cultures in British Columbia and Washington who speak one of these languages or dialects.
Mikomotoshima Lighthouse
Mikomotojima Lighthouse (神子元島灯台, Mikomotojima tōdai) is a lighthouse located on Mikomotojima, a small (0.1 km2) uninhabited islet located 11 kilometres (5.9 nmi) south of Shimoda port, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1937.

Shimoda, Shizuoka
Shimoda (下田市, Shimoda-shi) is a city and port located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 19,670 in 10,436 households, and a population density of 188 persons per square kilometre (490 persons/mi2). The total area of the city is 104.71 square kilometres (40.43 sq mi). In the 1850s, Japan was in political crisis over its increasing inability to maintain its national seclusion policy and the issue of what relations, if any, it should have with foreign powers. For a few years, Shimoda was central to this debate.
Wijhe
Wijhe (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɛiə]) is a village in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Olst-Wijhe and is situated about 12 km south of Zwolle on the banks of the river IJssel.

Wijhe was a separate municipality until 2001, when it merged with Olst.

Olst-Wijhe
Olst-Wijhe (pronounced [ɔlst ˈʋɛiə] ⓘ) is a municipality in the province of Overijssel, eastern Netherlands. It borders the Overijssel municipalities of Zwolle to the north, Raalte to the north and east and Deventer to the south; and the Gelderland municipalities of Voorst, Epe and Heerde to the west.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Zapata County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Zapata County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Zapata County, Texas. There are two districts and four individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. One property is a National Historic Landmark and is part of a historic district. This property is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Zapata County, Texas
Zapata County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 13,889. Its county seat is Zapata. The county is east of the Mexico–United States border and is named for Colonel José Antonio de Zapata, a rancher in the area who rebelled against Mexico.

Zapata County comprises the Zapata, TX micropolitan statistical area.

The South Texas oil boom included wells drilled in Zapata County in the early 1920s through the work of Laredo industrialist Oliver Winfield Killam, a Missouri native who once served as an Oklahoma state legislator.
Lake Coeur d'Alene
Coeur d'Alene Lake ( /ˌkɔːr dəˈleɪn/ KOR də-LAYN), is a natural dam-controlled lake in North Idaho, located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. At its northern end is the city of Coeur d'Alene. It spans 25 miles (40 km) in length and ranges from 1 to 3 miles (5 km) wide with over 109 miles (175 km) of shoreline.

The lake was named after the Coeur d'Alene people.

Mineral Ridge National Recreation Trail
47°36′33″N 116°38′40″W﻿ / ﻿47.609075°N 116.644348°W﻿ / 47.609075; -116.644348

Mineral Ridge National Recreation Trail is a backcountry hiking area near Lake Coeur d'Alene in Kootenai County, Idaho, United States.  It is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Construction began on the trail in 1963 and the area was designated as a National Recreation Trail in 1982. There is a self-guided interpretive tour along the 3.3-mile (5.3 km) trail.
Ortacesus
Ortacesus is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Cagliari, included in the Trexenta traditional subregion.

Ortacesus borders the following municipalities: Barrali, Guamaggiore, Guasila, Pimentel, Sant'Andrea Frius, Selegas, Senorbì.

Sant'Andrea Frius
Sant'Andrea Frius (Sardinian: Sant'Andria 'e Frius)  is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Cagliari.

Sant'Andrea Frius borders the following municipalities: Barrali, Dolianova, Donorì, Ortacesus, San Basilio, San Nicolò Gerrei, Senorbì, Serdiana.
Samuel Houghton
Samuel Houghton (16 August 1870 – 17 August 1920) was an English rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s and 1900s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for England and Cheshire, and at club level for Runcorn RFC, and Birkenhead Wanderers, as a fullback. and representative level rugby league (RL) for Cheshire, and at club level for Runcorn RFC, who he rejoined in January 1896, and who had switched to professional rugby league in 1895.

Runcorn RFC
Runcorn FC was a rugby league club. Having formed in 1876 and played rugby union as members of the RFU, they joined the Northern Union in 1895, just several days after it was founded, and played in the league from 1895–96 to 1917–18.

The club was based in Runcorn, an industrial town and cargo port in Cheshire, England, on the southern bank of the River Mersey opposite Widnes.
Artillery fuze
An artillery fuze or fuse is the type of munition fuze used with artillery munitions, typically projectiles fired by guns (field, anti-aircraft, coast and naval), howitzers and mortars. A fuze is a device that initiates an explosive function in a munition, most commonly causing it to detonate or release its contents, when its activation conditions are met. This action typically occurs a preset time after firing (time fuze), or on physical contact with (contact fuze) or detected proximity to the ground, a structure or other target (proximity fuze). Fuze, a variant of fuse, is the official NATO spelling.

Shrapnel shell
Shrapnel shells were anti-personnel artillery munitions that carried many individual bullets close to a target area and then ejected them to allow them to continue along the shell's trajectory and strike targets individually. They relied almost entirely on the shell's velocity for their lethality.

The munition has been obsolete since the end of World War I for anti-personnel use; high-explosive shells superseded it for that role. The functioning and principles behind shrapnel shells are fundamentally different from high-explosive shell fragmentation.

Shrapnel is named after Lieutenant-General Henry Shrapnel, a Royal Artillery officer, whose experiments, initially conducted on his own time and at his own expense, culminated in the design and development of a new type of artillery shell.

Usage of the term "shrapnel" has changed over time to also refer to fragmentation of the casing of shells and bombs, which is its most common modern usage and strays from the original meaning.
IBM Network Control Program
The IBM Network Control Program, or NCP, was software that ran on a 37xx communications controller and managed communication with remote devices. NCP provided services comparable to the data link layer and Network Layer functions in the OSI model of a Wide area network.

IBM 3705 Communications Controller
The IBM 3705 Communications Controller  is a simple computer which attaches to an IBM System/360 or System/370. Its purpose is to connect communication lines to the mainframe channel. It was a first communications controller of the popular IBM 37xx series. It was announced in March 1972. Designed for semiconductor memory which was not ready at the time of announcement, the 3705-I had to use 1.2 microsecond core storage; the later 3705-II uses 1.0 microsecond SRAM. Solid Logic Technology components, similar to those in S/370, were used.

The 3705 normally occupies a single frame two feet wide and three feet deep. Up to three expansion frames can be attached for a theoretical capacity of 352 half-duplex lines and two independent channel adapters.

The 3704 is an entry-level version of the 3705 with limited features.
Jelgava massacres
The Jelgava massacres were the killing of the Jewish population of the city of Jelgava, Latvia that occurred in the second half of July or in early August 1941. The murders were carried out by German police units under the command of Alfred Becu, with a significant contribution by Latvian auxiliary police organized by Mārtiņš Vagulāns.

Jelgava
Jelgava (pronounced [ˈjælˠɡɐvˠɐ] ⓘ) is a state city in central Latvia. It is located about 41 kilometres (25 miles) southwest of Riga. It is the largest town in the Semigallia region of Latvia. Jelgava was the capital of the united Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1578–1795) and was the administrative center of the Courland Governorate (1795–1918).

Jelgava is situated on a fertile plain rising only 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) above mean sea level on the right bank of the river Lielupe. At high water, the plain and sometimes the town as well can be flooded. It is a railway center, and is also a host to the Jelgava Air Base. Its importance as a railway centre can be seen by the fact that it lies at the junction of over 6 railway lines connecting Riga to Lithuania, eastern and western Latvia, and Lithuania to the Baltic Sea.
Mario Bates
Mario Doniel Bates (born January 16, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the New Orleans Saints, Arizona Cardinals, and the Detroit Lions.  He played college football for the Arizona State Sun Devils and was selected in the second round of the 1994 NFL draft.

Playing for Arizona State in 1993, Bates carried the ball 246 times for 1,162 yards with eight touchdowns in 11 games.  His brother, Michael, also played in the NFL.

Michael Bates (American football)
Michael Dion Bates (born December 19, 1969) is an American former two-sport athlete who gained fame as a sprinter who won an Olympic bronze medal in the 200-meter dash in 1992. He also played football as a kick returner in the National Football League (NFL), where he was a five-time Pro Bowl selection. He played college football for the Arizona Wildcats.
Maiolati Spontini
Maiolati Spontini is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Ancona. It is the birthplace of musician Gaspare Spontini, whose name has been conjoined with the commune's ancient name, Maiolati.

Maiolati Spontini borders the following municipalities: Belvedere Ostrense, Castelbellino, Castelplanio, Cupramontana, Jesi, Monte Roberto, Rosora, San Marcello.

San Marcello, Marche
San Marcello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Ancona.

San Marcello borders the following municipalities: Belvedere Ostrense, Jesi, Maiolati Spontini, Monsano, Monte San Vito, Morro d'Alba.

Founded in 1234 by a community of people from Jesi, it still has a well preserved line of walls. It is interesting to visit the Renaissance Palazzo Marcelli, the parish church, the Ferrari theatre, the Saint Mary church.

The castle is surrounded by a beautiful hilly landscape particularly renown for olive trees and vineyards.
Ishizugawa Station
Ishizugawa Station (石津川駅, Ishizugawa-eki) is a passenger railway station located in Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Nankai Electric Railway. It has the station number "NK13".

Sakai
Sakai (堺市, Sakai-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.kai, sa.kaꜜi.ɕi]) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It has been one of the largest and most important seaports of Japan since the medieval era. Sakai is known for its kofun, keyhole-shaped burial mounds dating from the fifth century. The kofun in Sakai include the largest grave in the world by area, Daisen Kofun. Once known for swords, Sakai is now famous for the quality of its cutlery. As of 1 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 819,965, making it the fourteenth most populous city in Japan (excluding Tokyo).
Real Estelí FC
Real Esteli Fútbol Club is a Nicaraguan professional football club playing in the top flight of Nicaragua's league system, the Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol de Primera División. The club play out of their home stadium, Estadio Independencia, in the northern city of Estelí.

Real Estelí has the second-most national championships in Nicaragua, only trailing Diriangén. They won a CONCACAF-record eight consecutive championships from 2006 to 2014.

Estelí
Estelí (Spanish pronunciation: [esteˈli]), officially Villa de San Antonio de Pavia de Estelí is a city and municipality within the Estelí department. It is the 8th largest city in Nicaragua due to the high urbanization of its municipality, at 84.8%, with an urban population of 111,244 (2022 estimate). It is also the eighth-largest municipality, and an active commercial center in the north, known as "the Diamond of the Segovia" (this name being created by Oscar Corea Molina in his radio show "Trampolin 43”) and the de facto capital of the north.

Estelí is on the Pan-American Highway, 150 km north of Managua. It enjoys a temperate climate most of the year due to its location in the north central highlands at a mean elevation of 844 m (2769 ft) above sea level.  The city is also surrounded by forested mountains of pines, oaks, and walnuts, and plateaus up to 1600 m above sea level, some of which are protected as natural reserves.
Ascending branch of medial circumflex femoral artery
The ascending branch of medial circumflex femoral artery is a small artery in the thigh. It branches of the medial circumflex femoral artery and is distributed to the adductor muscles of the hip. It anastomoses with the obturator artery.

It also serves as an important blood supply to the head of the femur.

Medial circumflex femoral artery
The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that arises from the profunda femoris artery. It supplies arterial blood to several muscles in the region, as well as the femoral head and neck.

Damage to the artery following a femoral neck fracture may lead to avascular necrosis (ischemic) of the femoral neck/head.