hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Écoteaux
Écoteaux (French pronunciation: [ekɔto]) is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Écoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.

Les Thioleyres
Les Thioleyres (French pronunciation: [le tjɔlɛʁ]) is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Ecoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.
Jinfeng Township, Zhejiang
Jinfeng Township (simplified Chinese: 金峰乡; traditional Chinese: 金峰鄉; pinyin: Jīnfēng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Chun'an County, Zhejiang, China. As of 2018, it has 11 villages under its administration.

Chun'an County
ⓘChun'an (simplified Chinese: 淳安县; traditional Chinese: 淳安縣; pinyin: Chún'ān Xiàn) is a county of Zhejiang Province, East China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang, containing the well-known Qiandao Lake and bordering Anhui province to the northwest. It has a land area of 4,452 km2 (1,719 sq mi) and a population of 450,000. The postal code is 311700, and the county seat is located on 18 North Xin'an Rd., Qiandaohu Town.
General (Australia)
General (abbreviated GEN) is the second-highest rank, and the highest active rank, of the Australian Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of general; it is also considered a four-star rank.

Prior to 1958, Australian generals (and field marshals) were only appointed in exceptional circumstances. In 1958, the position which is currently called Chief of the Defence Force was created, and since 1966, the rank of general has been held when an army officer is appointed to that position.

General is a higher rank than lieutenant general, but is lower than field marshal. General is the equivalent of admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air chief marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.

A general's insignia is St Edward's Crown above a star of the Order of the Bath (or 'pip') above a crossed sword and baton, with the word 'Australia' at the bottom.

Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)
The Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) is the highest-ranking and most senior military officer in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and is the principal military advisor to the National Security Committee and the Minister for Defence. The current Chief of the Defence Force is Admiral David Johnston, who took office on 10 July 2024.
Universal bundle
In mathematics, the universal bundle in the theory of fiber bundles with structure group a given topological group G, is a specific bundle over a classifying space BG, such that every bundle with the given structure group G over M is a pullback by means of a continuous map M → BG.

Classifying space for U(n)
In mathematics, the classifying space for the unitary group U(n) is a space BU(n) together with a universal bundle EU(n) such that any hermitian bundle on a paracompact space X is the pull-back of EU(n) by a map X → BU(n) unique up to homotopy. A particular application are principal U(1)-bundles.

This space with its universal fibration may be constructed as either

the Grassmannian of n-planes in an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space; or,

the direct limit, with the induced topology, of Grassmannians of n planes.

Both constructions are detailed here.
The Telegraph (Alton, Illinois)
The Telegraph is an American daily newspaper published seven days a week in Alton, Illinois, serving the St. Louis Metro-East region. It was owned by Civitas Media, based in Davidson, North Carolina, a subsidiary of Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management, which owned about 100 daily and weekly newspapers across 12 states but sold The Telegraph to Hearst Corp. in 2017.

Alton, Illinois
Alton (/ˈɔːltən/ AWL-tən) is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about 18 miles (29 km) north of St. Louis, Missouri. The population was 25,676 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the River Bend area in the Metro-East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

It is well known for its limestone bluffs along the river north of the city. It's the former location of an historical state penitentiary, and played a significant role preceding and during the American Civil War. It was the site of the last Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate in October 1858. The former state penitentiary in Alton was used during the Civil War to hold up to 12,000 Confederate prisoners of war.
Unecha constituency
The Unecha constituency (No.78) is a Russian legislative constituency in Bryansk Oblast. The constituency covers northern Bryansk and northern Bryansk Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Oleg Matytsin, former Minister of Sport of Russia, who won the open seat after United Russia deputy Nikolay Alekseyenko resigned in May 2024. Matytsin has been Chairman of the Duma Committee on Sport and Physical Culture since his election in September 2024.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Glossary of climbing terms
Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.

The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.

Bolt (climbing)
In rock climbing, a bolt is a permanent anchor fixed into a hole drilled in the rock as a form of climbing protection.  Most bolts are either self-anchoring expansion bolts or fixed in place with liquid resin. Climbing routes that are bolted are known as sport climbs, and those that do not use (or allow) bolts, are known as traditional climbs.
United Nations Administered Kosovo
United Nations Administered Kosovo refers to the period when the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo was directly responsible for the governance of Kosovo between 1999 and 2008. This period began on 10 June 1999 with the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 and effectively ended on 17 February 2008 with the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo.

2001 Kosovan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in UN-administered Kosovo on 17 November 2001. They were the first elections for the Transitional Assembly of Kosovo following the establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration (UNMIK) in 1999. The elections were organised and supervised by UNMIK and the OSCE Mission in Kosovo and were monitored by the Council of Europe Mission in Kosovo.
Matrix management
Matrix management is an organizational structure in which some individuals report to more than one supervisor or leader—relationships described as solid line or dotted line reporting, also understood in context of vertical, horizontal & diagonal communication in organisation for keeping the best output of product or services. More broadly, it may also describe the management of cross-functional, cross-business groups and other work models that do not maintain strict vertical business units or silos grouped by function and geography.

Matrix management, developed in U.S. aerospace in the 1950s, achieved wider adoption in the 1970s.

Solid line reporting
In a hierarchal business organization, especially in a matrix management structure, the relationship between a worker and their direct supervisor or leader can be classified as solid-line reporting (also called direct reporting) or dotted-line reporting (also called indirect reporting). The use of "solid-line" versus "dotted-line" is based on the visual representation of the organizational structure in an organizational chart.
Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus is an American upmarket department store chain founded in 1907 in Dallas, Texas by Herbert Marcus, his sister Carrie Marcus Neiman, and her husband Abraham Lincoln Neiman. The company is known for its luxury merchandise, including its annual offerings for the holiday season, inclusive of its Fantasy gifts. It was owned by the Neiman Marcus Group from 1987 to 2024, which also included Bergdorf Goodman and the clearance outlet Neiman Marcus Last Call, among others. In 2024 it was acquired by Saks Global. As of 2025 Neiman Marcus had 36 stores throughout the United States.

Mytheresa
Mytheresa.com is a listed e-commerce company in the luxury fashion sector based in Munich, Germany. Mytheresa sells ready-to-wear, shoes, bags, and accessories for womenswear, menswear and kidswear as well as lifestyle products and jewelry globally.
Marshall Steam Station
Marshall Steam Station is a coal power plant located at 35°35′51″N 80°57′53″W﻿ / ﻿35.59750°N 80.96472°W﻿ / 35.59750; -80.96472 in Sherrills Ford, Catawba County, North Carolina, United States and owned by Duke Energy.  Named for former company president E.C. Marshall, the station is located on Lake Norman and began commercial operation in 1965.

Marshall is the second largest coal facility owned by Duke Energy in the Carolinas. It generates enough electricity (2.09 GW) to power approximately two million homes.

Duke Energy
Duke Energy Corporation is an American electric power and natural gas holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company serves over 7 million customers in the eastern United States. In 2024 it ranked as the 141st largest company in the United States – its highest-ever placement on the Fortune 500 list.
Siberian River Routes
Siberian River Routes were the main ways of communication in Russian Siberia before the 1730s, when roads began to be built. The rivers were also of primary importance in the process of Russian conquest and exploration of vast Siberian territories eastwards. Since the three great Siberian rivers, the Ob, the Yenisey, and the Lena all flow into the Arctic Ocean, the aim was to find parts or branches of these rivers that flow approximately east-west and find short portages between them.  Since Siberia is relatively flat, portages were usually short.  Despite resistance from the Siberian tribes, Russian Cossacks were able to expand from the Urals to the Pacific in only 57 years (1582-1639). These river routes were crucial in the first years of the Siberian fur trade as the furs were easier to transport over water than land. The rivers connected the major fur gathering centers and provided for relatively quick transport between them.

Siberian fur trade
The Siberian fur trade is an exchange concerned with the gathering, buying and selling of valuable animal furs that originate from Siberia. The Siberian fur trade expanded from localized trade, and Siberian fur is now traded around the world. The Siberian fur trade had a significant impact on the development of Siberia through exploration and colonization. The fur trade also precipitated a decline in the number of fur-bearing animals and resulted in Siberia being conquered by Russia.
Upper Dublin Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Dublin Township is an affluent township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 26,665 at the 2020 census. Until the 1950s, Upper Dublin was mostly farmland and open space, but transitioned to a residential suburb during the postwar population boom. The population went from just over 6,000 residents in the 1950s to just under 20,000 by 1970. Today, Upper Dublin is mostly spread-out development housing, and has the fourth highest median income in Montgomery County.

Upper Dublin is made up of several community areas, many of which are unincorporated areas in Montgomery County with no legal status, and are used primarily by the US Postal Service. These community areas are portions of Ambler (19002) (excluding the Borough of Ambler), Dresher (19025), Fort Washington (19034), Jarrettown (19025), Maple Glen (19002), and small portions of Abington (19001), Ardsley (19038), North Hills (19038), Oreland (19075), and Willow Grove (19090).

Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Abington Township is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is adjacent to Philadelphia's northern fringe. The population was 58,502 as of the 2020 census, making it the second most populous township in Montgomery County after Lower Merion Township. The population density is 3603.3 per square mile (1,377/km2), making it the second most densely populated township in Montgomery County after Cheltenham Township.

Abington Township is one of Montgomery County's oldest communities, dating back before 1700 and being incorporated in 1704. It is home to some of the county's oldest transportation routes, industries and churches. Many of these older business and transportation centers were the forerunners of modern Abington. Abington contains the Willow Grove Park Mall, several small businesses, and a few of Montgomery County's largest employers.
Irbeysky District
Irbeysky District (Russian: Ирбе́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai and borders with Kansky and Ilansky Districts in the north, Irkutsk Oblast in the east and south, Rybinsky District in the southwest, and with Sayansky District in the west. The area of the district is 10,921 square kilometers (4,217 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Irbeyskoye. Population: 16,784 (2010 Census); 19,181 (2002 Census); 21,572 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Irbeyskoye accounts for 27.9% of the district's total population.

Irbeyskoye
Irbeyskoye (Russian: Ирбе́йское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Irbeysky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Population:  4,687 (2010 Census); 4,755 (2002 Census); 5,109 (1989 Soviet census).
Joint Force Headquarters (Malaysia)
The Joint Forces Headquarters (Abbr.: JFHQ, Malay: Markas Angkatan Bersama — MAB, Jawi: مركس اڠكتن برسام‎) is a joint military command which specifically formed to command all tasks of the Malaysian Armed Forces joint operations. The Joint Operations are other operations performed by at least three services such as Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Air Force.

The JFHQ, currently led by Lieutenant General Dato’ Tengku Muhammad Fauzi Tengku Ibrahim as the Joint Forces Commander (Malay: Panglima Angkatan Bersama), succeeding Lt Gen Dato' Pahlawan Zahani Hj Zainal Abidin RMAF on 18 January 2026. The commander is responsible for planning and implementing all the joint and combined operations, joint exercises and Multi-National Operations, such as the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions. The JFHQ as like any other joint forces adopts the assigned concept.

Royal Malaysian Air Force
The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF, Malay: Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia; TUDM; Jawi: تنترا اودارا دراج مليسيا) was formed on 2 June 1958 as the Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Persekutuan Tanah Melayu; تنترا اودارا دراج ڤرسكوتون تانه ملايو). However, its roots can be traced back to the Malayan Auxiliary Air Force formations of the British Royal Air Force in then-colonial British Malaya. The Royal Malaysian Air Force operates a mix of modern American, European and Russian-made aircraft.
Metropolitan Newspaper Service
Metropolitan Newspaper Service (MNS) was a syndication service based in New York City that operated from 1919 to 1932. At first the syndication service of Metropolitan Magazine, it soon became affiliated with the Bell Syndicate, and then was acquired and absorbed into United Feature Syndicate.

A couple of notable, long-running comic strips originated with MNS: Tarzan and Ella Cinders. The service syndicated writers like Margot Asquith, Gertrude Atherton, Joseph Conrad, and Booth Tarkington.

William Conselman
William Marien Conselman (July 10, 1896 – May 25, 1940) was an American screenwriter who also wrote newspaper comic strips under his Bill Conselman byline and sometimes under the pseudonym Frank Smiley.
The Big Issue Malawi
The Big Issue Malawi is a street paper in Malawi. It is a bimonthly magazine sold only by homeless individuals. The project's facilitator is a local charity known as the "Culture Awakening Society".

The Big Issue Malawi project started on 24 January 2009 with the first issue of the magazine coming out in January 2009.
The founder and current Executive Chairman of the project, Dr. John Chikago, imported the street paper concept from Japan, where he was working as Malawi's ambassador. He said that he was fascinated by the experience of The Big Issue Japan and decided to establish a similar project in Malawi.

The Big Issue
The Big Issue is a United Kingdom–based street newspaper founded by John Bird and Gordon Roddick in September 1991 and published in four continents. The Big Issue is one of the UK's leading social businesses and exists to offer homeless people, or individuals at risk of homelessness, the opportunity to earn a legitimate income, thereby helping them to reintegrate into mainstream society. It is the world's most widely circulated street newspaper.
Jun'ya Yokota
Jun'ya Yokota (横田順彌, Yokota Jun'ya; 11 November 1945 - 4 January 2019) was a Japanese science fiction writer and a researcher of Meiji era cultural history. He is the winner of multiple Taisho Awards, the Ozaki Memorial Prize, and the Mystery Writers of Japan Award.

He also used the pseudonyms 横田順弥 (same pronunciation) and Jun Masaki (真木じゅん, Masaki Jun).

Kaidanji: Oshikawa Shunrō
Kaidanji Oshikawa Shunrō: Nihon SF no Oya (快男児押川春浪―日本SFの祖, lit. Nice Guy Shunrō Oshikawa: The Father of Japanese SF) is a 1987 Japanese book by Jun'ya Yokota and Shingo Aizu about Shunro Oshikawa, the early twentieth century pioneer of Japanese science fiction. The book won the 1988 Nihon SF Taisho Award.
Margarete Hilferding
Margarete Hilferding, born Hönigsberg (June 20, 1871 – September 23, 1942), was an Austrian physician and psychoanalyst.

Hilferding was the first woman admitted into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Her husband was the Austro-Marxist economist Rudolf Hilferding.

She was murdered in the Holocaust, dying on a train from Theresienstadt to Maly Trostenets.

She failed to leave Austria in time for the Anschluss, and was stripped of her apartment, placed in an old people's home and deported on June 28, 1942. She died of exhaustion during a transfer between the Theresienstadt and Maly Trostenets camps on September 23, 1942. Her eldest son, Karl Hilferding, was arrested by the French police as he fled the Netherlands, before being able to cross the Swiss border. He was interned at the Drancy camp, then deported to Auschwitz, where he died on December 2, 1942. Only her second son, Peter Milford-Hilferding (de) (1908-2007), an Austrian economist, escaped to New Zealand survived.

Vienna Psychoanalytic Society
The pre-war Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (German: Wiener Psychoanalytische Vereinigung, WPV), formerly known as the Wednesday Psychological Society, was the first psychoanalytic society in the world.

In 1908, reflecting its growing institutional status as the international psychoanalytic authority of the time, the Wednesday group was reconstituted under its new name with Sigmund Freud as President, a position he relinquished in 1910 in favor of Alfred Adler. During its 36-year history, between 1902 and 1938, the Society had a total of 150 members.

The new Vienna Psychoanalytic Society was inaugurated in 1946.
Turpin, Oklahoma
Turpin is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place in Beaver County, Oklahoma, United States. The post office was established April 8, 1925. The population was 442 at the time of the 2020 census.

Beaver County, Oklahoma
Beaver County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,049. The county seat is Beaver. The name was given because of the presence of many beaver dams on the Beaver River, which runs through the area. It is located in the Oklahoma Panhandle.
Chardonius
Chardonius is an extinct genus of prehistoric freshwater ray-finned fish from the late Aptian or early Albian. It contains a single species, C. longicaudatus, from the Loia Beds of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Its taxonomic placement is uncertain, and it has been alternatively classified as a "clupeoid" or a "salmoniform". The latter classification is now thought to be a wastebasket treatment. It is currently considered an indeterminate euteleost.

Morphologically, it is notable for the extreme anterior insertion point of its dorsal fin compared to the anal fin.

Euteleostei
Euteleostei, whose members are known as euteleosts, is a clade of bony fishes within Teleostei that evolved some 240 million years ago, although the oldest known fossil remains are only from the Early Cretaceous. It is divided into Protacanthopterygii (including the salmon and dragonfish) and Neoteleostei (including the lanternfish, lizardfish, oarfish, and Acanthopterygii).
William Rokeby
William Rokeby (died 29 November 1521) was a leading statesman and cleric in early sixteenth-century Ireland, who held the offices of Bishop of Meath, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He is commemorated in the Rokeby Chapels in two Yorkshire churches, St Oswald's Church, Kirk Sandall, and Halifax Minster.

Lord Chancellor of Ireland
The Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, commonly known as the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was the highest ranking judicial office in Ireland until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. From 1721 until the end of 1800, it was also the highest political office of the Irish Parliament; the Chancellor was Speaker of the Irish House of Lords. The Lord Chancellor was also Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of Ireland. In all three respects, the office mirrored the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 417
Route 417, also known as Pacquet Road, is a short 11.3-kilometre-long (7.0 mi) north–south highway on the Baie Verte Peninsula of Newfoundland in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It connects the towns of Pacquet and Woodstock with Route 414 (La Scie Highway).

Newfoundland and Labrador Route 414
Route 414, also known as La Scie Highway, is a highway located on the Baie Verte Peninsula of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  Its western terminus is the intersection at Route 410, about 7 kilometres south of Baie Verte, and its eastern terminus is the Town of La Scie.