hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Lindsay, 1st Duke of Montrose
David Lindsay, 1st Duke of Montrose (1440 – 25 December 1495) was a Scottish nobleman.

He was the son of Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford, and inherited the Earldom of Crawford on his father's death in 1453. During his political career, he held the posts of Lord High Admiral of Scotland, Master of the Royal Household, Great Chamberlain, and Justiciar. He went frequently as an ambassador to England.

In 1488, he was created Duke of Montrose, the first Scotsman not of royal blood to be granted a Dukedom. Lindsay had won the favour of James III by remaining loyal to the king during the rebellion of his son Prince James. Lindsay was deprived of his dukedom by James IV when he acceded to the throne later that year, but it was restored in 1489 for life only. On his death in 1495, the title became extinct, although the Earldom continues to this day.

Earl of Crawford
Earl of Crawford is one of the most ancient titles extant in Great Britain, having been created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1398 for Sir David Lindsay. It is the premier earldom recorded on the Union Roll.
Electoral district of North Esk
The Electoral district of North Esk was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based near Tasmania's second city of Launceston.

The seat was created in a redistribution ahead of the 1903 state election out of the former seats of Selby and Evandale, and was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model in 1909.

Electoral district of Selby
The Electoral district of Selby was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It centred on the town of Lilydale in Tasmania's northeastern region, and extended into what are today considered Launceston's outer eastern suburbs.

The seat was created ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856. The east and northeast of the electorate became part of the new seat of Ringarooma at the 1886 election. The seat was abolished at the 1903 election, when it merged with the neighbouring seat of Evandale to form the new seat of North Esk.
The Flag (Ace Comics)
The Flag is a comic book superhero, first seen in Our Flag #2 (October 1941) (Ace Comics). The character continued in Our Flag until issue #5 (April 1942), and also appeared in Four Favorites #6 (July 1942). He was given two stories per issue — an expression of the publishers' confidence in the character — but he lasted for less than a year.

Fall 1941 was a boom period for patriotic superheroes as the country prepared to enter World War II; during this period, comic book publishers also launched Miss Victory, Miss America, the Star-Spangled Kid, U.S. Jones, the Fighting Yank, Captain Flag and Yank and Doodle, among others.

Yank & Doodle
Yank & Doodle is a pair of superheroes who first appeared in the Prize Publications title Prize Comics in August 1941. They were revived by Dynamite Entertainment in the 2000s.

Identical twins Rick and Dick Walters, being too young to enlist in the army during World War II, are still able to fight spies and saboteurs in the United States as the costumed heroes Yank (Rick) and Doodle (Dick). The two of them are super-strong and invulnerable, as long as they're near each other; when apart, they have no superpowers.
Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra (Bruch)
The Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, Op. 88a, was written by Max Bruch in 1912. It is in 4 movements, written in the rarely seen key of A-flat minor, and takes about 25 minutes to perform.

It is sometimes referred to as Bruch's Double Concerto, although this could also refer to his Concerto for Clarinet, Viola, and Orchestra, Op. 88 (1911).  There are claims that the two-piano concerto is based on the earlier concerto, but thematically these two works seem to have little or nothing in common, and this supposed relationship seems to be an erroneous assumption based purely on the works having similar opus numbers.

A-flat minor
A-flat minor is a minor scale based on A♭, consisting of the pitches A♭, B♭, C♭, D♭, E♭, F♭, and G♭. Its key signature has seven flats. Its relative major is C-flat major (or enharmonically B major), its parallel major is A-flat major, and its enharmonic equivalent is G-sharp minor.

The A-flat natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The A-flat harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Jonio (Rome Metro)
Jonio is an underground station on Line B of the Rome Metro. It is located in the Monte Sacro quarter, under the intersection between Viale Jonio and Via Scarpanto. The station was opened on 21 April 2015.

Monte Sacro (quarter)
Monte Sacro is the 16th quartiere of the city of Rome in Italy. As a quarter, or second level administrative division, it is one of two that comprise the first level division of Municipio III.

Monte Sacro takes its name from the namesake Monte Sacro hill.
Raging Waters Sydney
Raging Waters Sydney, formerly Wet'n'Wild Sydney, is a water park in the greater western Sydney suburb of Prospect, New South Wales, Australia, that opened on 12 December 2013. The park was announced on 11 September 2010 and was the third Wet'n'Wild water park operated by Village Roadshow Theme Parks, after locations on the Gold Coast and Las Vegas. On 2 July 2018, it was announced that the park had been acquired by Parques Reunidos who renamed the park Raging Waters Sydney for the 2019 season.

Water slide
A water slide (also referred to as a flume, water chute, or hydroslide) is a type of slide designed for warm-weather or indoor recreational use at swimming pools or water parks. Water slides differ in their riding method and therefore size. Some slides require riders to sit directly on the slide, or on a raft or tube designed to be used with the slide.

A typical water slide uses a pump system to pump water to the top which is then allowed to freely flow down its surface. The water reduces friction so sliders travel down the slide very quickly. Water slides run into a swimming pool (often called a plunge pool) or a long run-out chute.
Dumbarton Middle School
Dumbarton Middle School is a school located at 300 Dumbarton Road in the Rodgers Forge neighborhood of Towson, Maryland, United States, just outside Baltimore. It is part of the Baltimore County Public Schools system.

Dumbarton currently has more than 1,000 students attending. Students come to Dumbarton from several different elementary schools in Baltimore County, but the majority come from Rodgers Forge Elementary School, located next door to Dumbarton and also a blue ribbon school; Stoneleigh Elementary; Lutherville Laboratory Elementary; Hampton Elementary; West Towson Elementary; and Riderwood Elementary. Students from Dumbarton go on to Towson High School, another Blue Ribbon School.

Baltimore County Public Schools
Baltimore County Public Schools is the school district in charge of all public schools in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It is the 25th largest school system in the US as of 2013. The school system is managed by the board of education, headquartered in Towson. Since July 1, 2023, the superintendent is Myriam Rogers.
Hindu Tamil Thisai
Hindu Tamil Thisai  (colloquially known as The Hindu Tamil) is a Tamil daily newspaper headquartered at Chennai. It is published by The Hindu Group. The first issue was published on 16 September 2013. It is printed in seven centres including Chennai. The printing centres are at Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, Thiruvananthapuram, Bengaluru and Tirupathi. The Tamil newspaper covers news related to business, education, knowledge, sports, quiz, environment, literature and entertainment. The daily has extensive regional, national and international news coverage.

The Hindu Group
The Hindu Group is an Indian publishing company based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu; which is owned by Kasturi and Sons Limited, a company whose ownership is held by the descendants of Kasturi Ranga Iyengar, the individual who acquired their first publication The Hindu, a daily newspaper in 1878.
Resana
Resana (Venetian: Rexana) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Treviso. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 8,186 and an area of 25.0 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi).

The municipality of Resana contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Castelminio and San Marco. Castelminio used to be known as Brusaporco.

Resana borders the following municipalities: Castelfranco Veneto, Loreggia, Piombino Dese, Vedelago.

Piombino Dese
Piombino Dese is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Padua.

Piombino Dese borders the following municipalities: Camposampiero, Istrana, Loreggia, Morgano, Resana, Trebaseleghe, Vedelago, Zero Branco.

Palladio's Villa Cornaro can be found in the comune's territory.
Kings of Colosseum
Kings of Colosseum is a professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that was first held in 2019.

The first three events served as television tapings for, and special episodes of, MLW Fusion. The first event aired as a special live episode of Fusion, while the second event was taped behind closed doors.

Kings of Colosseum (2019)
Kings of Colosseum (2019) was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling, which took place on July 6, 2019, at the Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois. It was the first event under the Kings of Colosseum chronology. The event aired live as a two-hour special episode of MLW's weekly television series, Fusion, on beIN Sports.

Fourteen matches were taped at the event, with three matches airing live, and the other eleven matches shown on later episodes of Fusion. In the main event of the live broadcast, Jacob Fatu defeated Tom Lawlor to win the MLW World Heavyweight Championship. In other matches on the undercard, Alexander Hammerstone retained the MLW National Openweight Championship against Kotto Brazil and Myron Reed took on Rey Horus.
Andøy Bridge
The Andøy Bridge (Norwegian: Andøybrua) is a cantilever road bridge that crosses the Risøysundet strait between the islands of Andøya and Hinnøya in Andøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The northern end of the bridge is located in the village of Risøyhamn. The bridge is 750 metres (2,460 ft) long, the main span is 110 metres (360 ft), and the maximum clearance to the sea is 30 metres (98 ft). The bridge has 21 spans.

The Andøy Bridge was opened in 1974. It was one of four bridges that were built in the 1970s to connect the islands of Vesterålen to each other. The other bridges that were built during that period are the Hadsel Bridge, Sortland Bridge, and Kvalsaukan Bridge. Together with the Tjeldsund Bridge in Harstad Municipality, these bridges connect the islands of Vesterålen to the mainland.  The Andøy Bridge was a toll bridge for many years after its opening.

Hinnøya
Hinnøya (Norwegian; Northern Sami: Iinnasuolu) is the fourth-largest island in Norway, and the largest outside the Svalbard archipelago. The 2,204.7-square-kilometre (851.2 sq mi) lies just off the western coast of Northern Norway.  The island sits on the border of Nordland and Troms counties. The western part of the island is in the district of Vesterålen, the southwestern part is in the Lofoten district, the southeastern part is in the Ofoten district, and the northeastern part is in Troms. As of 2017, Hinnøya had a population of 32,688. The only town on the island is the town of Harstad. Some of the larger villages include Borkenes, Lødingen, Sigerfjord, and Sørvik. The island is split between several municipalities: Harstad, Tjeldsund and Kvæfjord in Troms county, as well as Andøy, Hadsel, Lødingen, Sortland, and Vågan in Nordland county.
1988 American League Championship Series
The 1988 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven semifinal series in Major League Baseball's 1988 postseason that pitted the East Division champion Boston Red Sox against the West Division champion Oakland Athletics. It was the second meeting between the two in ALCS play. The Athletics swept the Series four games to none and lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1988 World Series.

1988 Boston Red Sox season
The 1988 Boston Red Sox season was the 88th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished first in the American League East with a record of 89–73 but were then swept by the Oakland Athletics in the ALCS.

The team is best remembered for its change of fortune following its change of manager; after John McNamara was replaced by Joe Morgan, the team won its next 12 games in a stretch nicknamed "Morgan Magic".
Knute Nelson
Knute Nelson (born Knud Evanger; February 2, 1843 – April 28, 1923) was a Norwegian-born American attorney and politician active in Wisconsin and Minnesota. A Republican, he served in state and national positions: he was elected to the Wisconsin and Minnesota legislatures and to the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate from Minnesota, and served as the 12th governor of Minnesota from 1893 to 1895. Having served in the Senate for 28 years, 55 days, he is the longest-serving Senator in Minnesota's history.

Nelson is known for promoting the Nelson Act of 1889 to consolidate Minnesota's Ojibwe/Chippewa on a reservation in western Minnesota and break up their communal land by allotting it to individual households, with sales of the remainder to anyone, including non-natives. This was similar to the Dawes Act of 1887, which applied to Native American lands in the Indian Territory.

Bankruptcy Act of 1898
The Bankruptcy Act of 1898 ("Nelson Act", July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544) was the first United States Act of Congress involving bankruptcy to give companies an option of being protected from creditors. Previous attempts at federal bankruptcy laws had lasted, at most, a few years.

Its popular name is a homage to the role of Senator Knute Nelson in its composition.

It was significantly amended by the Bankruptcy Act of 1938 and was superseded by the Bankruptcy Act of 1978.
Shekou
22°29′10″N 113°54′40″E﻿ / ﻿22.486°N 113.911°E﻿ / 22.486; 113.911

Shekou (Chinese: 蛇口; pinyin: Shékǒu) is an area at the southern tip of Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. It faces Yuen Long, Hong Kong, across the Shenzhen Bay. It has been designated as a free-trade zone by the government, alongside Qianhai, Hengqin and Nansha New Area.

Shekou Ferry Terminal (1981–2016)
Shekou Ferry Terminal (Chinese: 蛇口客运码头) was a ferry port located in Shekou, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China. It allowed for direct ferry connections from Shenzhen to destinations across the Pearl River Delta. It was operated by China Merchant Shekou Ferry Terminal Service Co., Ltd. It was also known as Shekou Port Ferry Terminal. It was the waterway passenger transportation junction of Shenzhen. Ferry operations were operated by TurboJET and CKS Ferries.

It was replaced by the Shekou Cruise Center, also known as the new Shekou Ferry Terminal.
Tehichipa, California
Tehichipa is a former settlement in Kern County, California. It was located on the railroad near Oak Creek Pass and Old Town.

Tehichipa, originally known as Williamsburg, was founded in 1869 by James Williams; while Williams originally named the town for himself, its name was changed to Tehichipa by 1872. The town was a shipping center for Owens Valley gold mines prior to the construction of a railroad in the area. However, when the Southern Pacific Railroad built a railroad in 1876, it bypassed Tehichipa, instead establishing a new town named "Tehachapi Summit". The railroad caused Tehachapi Summit to grow at Tehichipa's expense. Tehachapi Summit evolved into the city of Tehachapi, while Tehichipa ultimately died out. The only surviving building from Tehichipa, the Errea House, is now located in Tehachapi.

A post office operated at Tehichipa from 1869 to 1877, when the service was transferred to Old Town.

Errea House
The Errea House, a historic house located at 311 S. Green St. in Tehachapi, California, is the house is the only surviving building from the settlement of Tehichipa, the first town in the Tehachapi area. Tehichipa was founded in 1869, and the house was built sometime between 1870 and 1875. In 1876, the Southern Pacific Railroad bypassed Tehichipa, instead establishing a new townsite at Tehachapi Summit, which later became Tehachapi. The railroad's action led to the decline of Tehichipa's shipping industry, and the town's residents gradually moved to Tehachapi. The Errea House was moved to Tehachapi as well around 1900. No buildings from the original settlement survive at the site of Tehichipa, and the Errea House is the only building remaining from the town. The Errea House is now located across from the Tehachapi Museum, where it helps illustrate the city's early history.

The Errea House was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 29, 1997.
Staphylea
Staphylea, called bladdernuts, is a small genus of 10 or 11 species of flowering plants in the family Staphyleaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The highest species diversity is in China, where four species occur.

They are large shrubs, occasionally small trees, growing to 2–5 m tall. The leaves are deciduous, arranged in opposite pairs, and pinnate, usually with three leaflets, but 76–178 mm (3–7 in) in S. pinnata and 76–127 mm (3–5 in) in S. colchica. The flowers are produced in drooping terminal panicles 5–10 cm long, with 5–15 flowers on each panicle; the individual flowers are about 1 cm long, with the five sepals and petals similar in size and in their white or pale pink colour. The fruit is an inflated papery two- or three-lobed capsule 3–10 cm long, containing a few small nut-like seeds.

Staphyleaceae
Staphyleaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, native to Europe, temperate and tropical Asia and the Americas.  The largest genus Staphylea, which gives the family its name, contains the "bladdernut" trees. The family includes three genera with more than 40 known species.
Fitzmaurice Grammar School
Fitzmaurice Grammar School was a grammar school in Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, England. The school opened as the County School in 1897 with financial support from  Edmond Fitzmaurice, 1st Baron Fitzmaurice. It was renamed Fitzmaurice Grammar School in 1936 after the death of Lord Fitzmaurice. The grammar school was closed in 1980 and merged with Trinity secondary modern school to form the comprehensive school called St Laurence School.

St Laurence School
St Laurence School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form in Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, England. It became an Academy in August 2011. Besides Bradford on Avon, the school takes pupils from Atworth, Monkton Farleigh, Winsley, Limpley Stoke, South Wraxall, Bradford Leigh, Trowbridge and Melksham. It is in the northwest of the town, off the road towards Little Ashley.
Chuhuiv Raion
Chuhuiv Raion (Ukrainian: Чугуївський район) is a raion (district) in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Chuhuiv. Population: 194,177 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Chuhuiv Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Pechenihy, Vovchansk, and Zmiiv Raions, as well as the city of Chuhuiv, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Chuhuiv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,362 (2020 est.).

Vovchansk Raion
Vovchansk Raion (Ukrainian: Вовчанський район) was a raion (district) in Kharkiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center was the town of Vovchansk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Vovchansk Raion was, together with Pechenihy and Zmiiv Raions, merged into Chuhuiv Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 44,448 (2020 est.)

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromada:

Staryi Saltiv settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Staryi Saltiv;

Vovchansk urban hromada with the administration in Vovchansk.
William and Alexander Curlett
William F. Curlett (County Down, Ireland, March 3, 1846 – January 21, 1914, San Francisco) and Alexander Edward Curlett (called Aleck) (San Francisco,  February 6, 1881 – September 5, 1942) were a father-and-son pair of architects.  They worked together as partners under the name of William Curlett and Son, Architects from c. 1908–1916. Aleck Curlett partnered with Claud Beelman as Curlett & Beelman (1919–1932).

The San Francisco firm of Curlett, Eisen, & Cuthbertson, Architects, was active in the 1880s; it designed the Los Angeles County Courthouse in 1887. In 1888, the firm occupied Room #41 of the Downey Block. (See Los Angeles, California, City Directory, 1888, p. 768.)

Claud Beelman
Claud W. Beelman (1884 – January 30, 1963), sometimes known as Claude Beelman, was an American architect who designed many examples of Beaux-Arts, Art Deco, and Streamline Moderne style buildings.  Many of his buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Cunardo
Cunardo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Varese.

Cunardo borders the following municipalities: Bedero Valcuvia, Cugliate-Fabiasco, Ferrera di Varese, Grantola, Masciago Primo, Valganna.

Grantola
Grantola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Varese.

The municipality of Grantola contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bellaria, Motta, Montebello, and Vicema.

Grantola borders the following municipalities: Cassano Valcuvia, Cugliate-Fabiasco, Cunardo, Ferrera di Varese, Mesenzana, Montegrino Valtravaglia.
Cervula
Cervula or Cervulus was a Roman festival celebrated on the kalends of January (1 January). According to Chambers (1864), remnants seem to have been incorporated into a medieval Christian Feast of the Ass, (Festum Asinorum), which honors the role of donkeys in the Bible, including the Flight into Egypt.

Feast of the Ass
The Feast of the Ass (Latin: Festum Asinorum, asinaria festa; French: Fête de l'âne) is a medieval Christian feast observed on 14 January, celebrating the flight into Egypt. It was originally celebrated primarily in France, as a by-product of the Feast of Fools celebrating the donkey-related stories in the Bible, in particular the donkey bearing the Holy Family into Egypt after Jesus' birth.
Wuhan University
Wuhan University (WHU) is a leading national research university located in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Founded in 1893 as the Ziqiang Institute, Wuhan University is one of China’s oldest and most esteemed universities. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 985, Project 211, and Double First-Class Construction.

Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the government of China for "preparing approximately 100 universities for the 21st century", initiated in November 1995. There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2015, under the Xi Jinping administration.