hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benjamin Hick
Benjamin Hick (1 August 1790 – 9 September 1842) was an English civil and mechanical engineer, art collector and patron whose improvements to the steam engine and invention of scientific tools were held in high esteem by the engineering profession; some of Hick's improvements became public property without claiming the patent rights he was entitled to or without their source being known.

Rothwell, Hick and Rothwell
Rothwell, Hick and Rothwell was an engineering company in Bolton, England. Set up in 1822, the partners became interested in the production of steam locomotives after the Rainhill Trials. The company's first engine was Union, a vertical boiler, 2-2-0 with horizontal cylinders for the Bolton and Leigh Railway of which Hick and Rothwell were promoters and original shareholders, followed by three more locomotives the following year for American railways.
William Scott (Kentucky politician)
William U. Scott (born 1947) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1994 to 2003. Scott was first elected in a January 1994 special election after incumbent representative David Hourigan resigned to become Judge/Executive of Marion County. He did not seek reelection in 2002 and was succeeded by Republican Jimmy Higdon.

Jimmy Higdon
James Cecil Higdon Jr. (born July 15, 1953) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Kentucky Senate since 2009. He represents the 14th district, which includes LaRue, Marion, Nelson, Spencer, and Washington Counties. He currently serves as the chair of the senate transportation committee. Higdon is not running for reelection in 2026.

Higdon was previously a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 2003 to 2009.
Subantarctic snipe
The Subantarctic snipe (Coenocorypha aucklandica), sometimes also  Auckland snipe or New Zealand snipe,  is a species of snipe endemic to New Zealand's subantarctic islands. The Maori call it "Tutukiwi". The nominate race C. a. aucklandica (Auckland snipe) is found on the Auckland Islands (excluding the main island). Other subspecies include C. a. meinertzhagenae (Antipodes snipe) from the Antipodes Islands, and C. a. perseverance (Campbell snipe) from Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku. The former subspecies from the Snares Islands has been separated as a full species, the Snares snipe (C. huegeli), as have the extinct South Island (C. iredalei) and North Island snipes (C. barrierensis).

North Island snipe
The North Island snipe (Coenocorypha barrierensis), also known as the little barrier snipe or tutukiwi, is an extinct species of bird in the sandpiper family, Scolopacidae, that was endemic to New Zealand.
The Palace of Truth
The Palace of Truth is a three-act blank verse "Fairy Comedy" by W. S. Gilbert first produced at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 19 November 1870, adapted in significant part from Madame de Genlis's fairy story, Le Palais de la vérité. The play ran for about 140 performances, toured the British provinces and enjoyed revivals well into the 20th century. A New York production followed in 1910.

After more than a century of inquiry, researchers in 2012 concluded that the three genera of Lemurs were named after characters in The Palace of Truth in 1870 by British zoologist John Edward Gray.

William Hunter Kendal
William Hunter Kendal (16 December 1843 – 7 November 1917) was an English actor and theatre manager.  He and his wife Madge starred at the Haymarket in Shakespearian revivals and the old English comedies beginning in the 1860s.  In the 1870s, they starred in a series of "fairy comedies" by W. S. Gilbert and in many plays on the West End with the Bancrofts and others.  In the 1880s, they starred at and jointly managed (with John Hare) the St. James's Theatre.  They then enjoyed a long touring career.
Muntingiaceae
The Muntingiaceae are a family of flowering plants, belonging to the rosid order Malvales. The family consists of three genera: Dicraspidia, Muntingia, and Neotessmannia, each with a single species. They are woody plants of the tropical regions of America. The older Cronquist system placed these genera in the family Tiliaceae, with which they share morphological similarities, but have no evolutionary affinity. Muntingia calabura is widely introduced in tropical regions, because of its edible fruit. Dicraspidia donnell-smithii and Neotessmannia uniflora are the other two species in the family, the latter only known from herbarium specimens.

Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae (/ˌtɪliˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record of use.

All through its existence the family has had a very lively history, with various authors taking very different views on what should be part of this family. As a result, it is recommended when this name is encountered to check what the author means.

However, in the northern temperate regions the name is unambiguous as the only representative is Tilia, the lime or linden.
1931 Barcelona rent strike
The 1931 Barcelona rent strike was called in July 1931 by Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) as a result of a massive immigration wave to Barcelona for jobs constructing the 1929 International Exposition, the Wall Street crash of 1929, and political instability. By the following month, 100,000 working-class families had joined it. The strike went on for several months, during which it overlapped with the Strike of the Telefónica and the general strike called by the CNT in September, and had its epicentre in the so-called Casas Baratas (Cheap Houses) in the neighbourhoods of Bon Pastor, Can Peguera, Ferrer i Guardia and Baró de Viver. The strike was fiercely suppressed, with 18 deaths and dozens of injuries and arrests. It ended in December of the same year after the imprisonment of the CNT-created committee, although it remained active intermittently during the following year, giving rise to various agreements with small owners for a reduction in rent prices.

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT; lit. 'National Confederation of Labor') is a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist trade union confederation.

Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union Solidaridad Obrera, it significantly expanded the role of anarchism in Spain, which can be traced to the creation of the Spanish chapter of the IWA in 1870 and its successor organization, the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region. Despite several decades when the organization was illegal in Spain, the CNT continues to participate in the Spanish worker's movement, focusing its efforts on the principles of workers' self-management, federalism, and mutual aid.

Historically affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT), in 2018, the CNT and other unions founded the International Confederation of Labour (ICL-CIT).
Yamaguchi (city)
Yamaguchi (山口市, Yamaguchi-shi) is the capital city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 191,470 in 88,799 households and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,023.23 square kilometres (395.07 sq mi).

Chūya Nakahara
Chūya Nakahara (中原 中也, Nakahara Chūya; 29 April 1907 – 22 October 1937), born Chūya Kashimura (柏村 中也, Kashimura Chūya), was a Japanese poet active during the early Shōwa period. Originally shaped by Dada and other forms of European (mainly French) experimental poetry, he was one of the leading renovators of Japanese poetry. Although he died at the young age of 30, he wrote more than 350 poems throughout his life. Many called him the "Japanese Rimbaud" for his affinities with the French poet whose poems he translated in 1934.
Listed buildings in Conistone with Kilnsey
Conistone with Kilnsey is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains 21 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Conistone and Kilnsey and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, and the others consist of a church, chest tombs in the churchyard, two bridges and a telephone kiosk.

Conistone with Kilnsey
Conistone with Kilnsey is a civil parish in Wharfedale in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It contains the villages of Kilnsey and Conistone. The population of this civil parish at the 2011 Census was 124 with an estimated population of 110 in 2015.
Feuchtwangen
Feuchtwangen (German pronunciation: [ˈfɔʏçtˌvaŋən] ⓘ; Mainfränkisch: Feichtwang) is a town in Ansbach district in the administrative region of Middle Franconia in Bavaria, Germany, with around 12,000 residents and an area of 137 km², making it the biggest city in the Ansbach district by population and area. In 2019 Feuchtwangen celebrated its 1,200th jubilee, based on the first mention of its Benedictine monastery.

Ansbach (district)
Ansbach (German pronunciation: [ˈansbax]) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It surrounds – but does not include – the town of Ansbach; nonetheless the administrative seat of the district is located in Ansbach. It is the district with the largest area in Bavaria. At the end of December 2022, the district population was 188,623.
Vyshny Volochyok Waterway
Vyshny Volochyok Waterway (Russian: Вышневолоцкая водная система) is a waterway connecting the basins of the Baltic and Caspian Seas, or, more specifically, the Msta River and the Tvertsa River, around the town of Vyshny Volochyok of Tver Oblast, Russia. It was constructed in the 1700s and became the first waterway to connect the basins of the two seas. The waterway is still in operation, though it was superseded by the Volga–Baltic Waterway and cannot take big ships. The Vyshny Volochyok Waterway is one of the three canal systems connecting the Neva and the Volga, the other two being the Volga–Baltic Waterway and the Tikhvinskaya water system.

Tikhvinskaya water system
The Tihvinskaya water system (Russian: Тихвинская водная система) was one of the waterways connecting the Volga River with the Baltic Sea, and specifically the Mologa River with Syas River. In terms of the current administrative division of Russia, the waterway belongs to Vologda and Leningrad Oblasts.

It was first conceived by Peter the Great, but construction started only in 1802. The Tihvinskaya water system was built for the passage of middle-sized ships. This Tikhvin system functioned until the middle of the 20th century, when shipping along the Svir River and the construction of railways had increased competition which led to its closure.
Grinton Smelt Mill
Grinton Smelt Mill (also known as How Mill) is a ruined lead mining and processing site on Cogden Moor, south of Grinton in Swaledale, North Yorkshire, England. The site was built in its present form c. 1820 for the specific purpose of processing lead won by hushing and hydraulic mining. The buildings and stone flue are now grade II* listed structures and all are scheduled monuments. The site is recognised as being the best preserved lead mining site in the Yorkshire Dales.

A mill had existed on the site since the early 18th century, but the later addition of a 980-foot (300 m) flue allowed workers to recover waste lead from the flue.

Swaledale
Swaledale is a valley in North Yorkshire, England. It is one of the Yorkshire Dales, which are part of the Pennines, and within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. It is named after the River Swale, which runs through it. Swaledale is the most northerly of the major dales.
Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia
Wuchuan (Mongolian: ᠦᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ; Chinese: 武川县), is a county of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, North China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia. Wuchuan has an area of 4,885 km2 (1,886 sq mi) with a population of 95,869. It is connected to central Hohhot by the Huwu Highway; roughly a half-hour's drive. Zhaohe Grasslands, a popular tourist site, is nearby. The county borders the Hohhot districts of Huimin and Xincheng and the rural Tumed Left Banner to its south, Dorbod Banner of Ulanqab and Darhan Muminggan United Banner of Baotou to its north, Guyang County of Baotou to its west, and Zhuozi County of Ulanqab to its east.

Huimin, Hohhot
Huimin District (Mongolian: ᠬᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ, Хотон ардын тойрог; Chinese: 回民区) is one of the four districts of the prefecture-level city of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, North China. Located in the northwest of the city center, it borders Yuquan District to the south, Xincheng District to the east, Tumed Left Banner to the west, and Wuchuan County to the north. The district is designated as a Hui ethnic district.
Meishan pig
The Meishan (Chinese: 梅山猪) is a Chinese breed of domestic pig. It is named for Meishan County in Jiangsu Province. It is a sub-group of the Taihu and is a small- to medium-sized pig with large drooping ears and wrinkled black skin.

Native to Southern China, the breed is best known for its large litters of 15-22 piglets. Due to its fecundity, it was imported to the United States in 1989 by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. All US research on the Meishan pigs was terminated in 2016 and the remaining pigs were dispersed to US farmers. In 2018 the Meishan Pig was declared critically endangered worldwide by the Livestock Conservancy.

The Meishan Pig is the focus of a major conservation effort involving the Livestock Conservancy and the American Meishan Breeders Association. The number of breeders in the US is rising primarily due to the Meishan Pig's adaptability to small holder farms.

Taihu pig
The Taihu pig (Chinese: 太湖猪) is a domestic breed of pig from the narrow region of mild sub-tropical climate around the Lake Tai region in the lower Yangtze River Valley of China.  The breed is a large one, black in colour with a heavily wrinkled face. It has a large head with a broad forehead and large folded ears. The breed has a number of divisions, classified by some authors as strains and by others as separate breeds.

All the Taihu strains have a high rate of reproduction with litter sizes ranging up to twenty, but averaging fourteen live piglets. This characteristic, as well as their resistance to disease, has resulted in interest in the pigs for research into breeding and genetic engineering. Taihu pigs have been established in France, Albania, Hungary, Japan, the UK and the US.
National Rainbow Coalition
The National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) is a political party in Kenya. As an alliance, it was in power from 2002 and 2005 when it collapsed due to disagreements between members over a constitutional referendum.

Mwai Kibaki
Emilio Stanley Mwai Kibaki CGH (15 November 1931 – 21 April 2022) was a Kenyan politician who served as the third President of Kenya from December 2002 until April 2013. He served in various leadership positions in Kenya's government including being the longest serving Member of Parliament (MP) in Kenya from 1963 to 2013. He was the fourth Vice-President of Kenya for ten years from 1978 to 1988 under President Daniel arap Moi. He also held cabinet ministerial positions in the Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi governments, including as minister for Finance (1969–1981) under Kenyatta, and Minister for Home Affairs (1982–1988) and Minister for Health (1988–1991) under Moi. Kibaki served as an opposition Member of Parliament from 1992 to 2002. He unsuccessfully vied for the presidency in 1992 and 1997. He served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in Parliament from 1998 to 2002. Following the 2002 presidential election, he was elected as the President of Kenya.
Steven Hawley
Steven Alan Hawley (born December 12, 1951) is a retired astronomer and NASA astronaut who flew on five U.S. Space Shuttle flights. Hawley is a professor emeritus of physics and astronomy at the University of Kansas.

STS-41-D
STS-41-D (formerly STS-14) was the 12th flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the maiden flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. It was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1984, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1984. Three commercial communications satellites were deployed into orbit during the six-day mission, and a number of scientific experiments were conducted, including a prototype extendable solar array that would eventually form the basis of the main solar arrays on the International Space Station (ISS).

The mission was delayed by more than two months from its original planned launch date, having experienced the Space Shuttle program's first launch abort at T−4 seconds on June 26, 1984.
Gontougo
Gontougo Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Zanzan District. The seat of the region is Bondoukou and the region's population in the 2021 census was 917,828.

Gontougo is currently divided into five departments: Bondoukou, Koun-Fao, Sandégué, Tanda, and Transua.

Zanzan District
Zanzan District (French: District du Zanzan, [zɑ̃.zɑ̃]) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northeast of the country. The capital of the district is Bondoukou.
Barlow Trail
Barlow Trail is a major arterial road in Calgary, Alberta, that is composed of three parts: the southern section which runs from Deerfoot Trail near 130 Avenue SE to Deerfoot Trail at the intersection with Peigan Trail.  The afore mentioned section is the central section which runs from 17 Avenue SE to McCall Way; and the northern section which runs from Airport Road (the main entrance into the Calgary International Airport) to 128 Avenue NE.

The central and northern sections of Barlow Trail is run roughly where the fifth meridian lies in the Dominion Land Survey. The road is named for Noel Barlow, a  resident of Carseland, Alberta, Canada, who served as the ground crewman to Douglas Bader, a Royal Air Force flying ace in World War II.

17 Avenue SE (Calgary)
17 Avenue SE is a major arterial road in east Calgary, Alberta.  17 Avenue SE is the focal point of the International Avenue Business Revitalization Zone (BRZ) and the main roadway through the former town of Forest Lawn.  Chestermere Boulevard is a major arterial road and the eastern extension of 17 Avenue SE through Chestermere, Alberta, Canada.  The roadway is a former alignment of Highway 1A.
Sinkbox
A sinkbox is a specialized hunting blind used by waterfowl hunters. It consists of a weighted, partially submerged enclosure large enough to hold one or more hunters and suspended from a floating platform. It is placed into calm water so that the hunter may wait with the waterline at approximately shoulder height.

Sinkboxes were typically used by market (rather than sport) hunters for duck or other waterfowl in both the United States and Canada.

Hunting blind
A hunting blind (US), hide or machan is a concealment device or shelter for hunters or gamekeepers designed to reduce the chance of detection by animals. There are different types of blinds for different situations, such as deer blinds and duck blinds. Some are exceedingly simple, while others are complex. The legality of various kinds of blinds may vary according to season, state and location.
Engineers Without Borders – USA
Engineers Without Borders – USA (EWB–USA) is a non-profit humanitarian organization. It represents the United States within the larger international Engineers Without Borders in the U.S. It involves the implementation of sustainable engineering projects, while involving and training engineers and engineering students.

Engineers Without Borders
The term Engineers Without Borders (EWB; French: Ingénieurs sans frontières, ISF) is used by a number of non-governmental organizations in various countries to describe their activity based on engineering and oriented to international development work. All of these groups work worldwide to serve the needs of disadvantaged communities and people through engineering projects.  Many EWB national groups are developed independently from each other, and so they are not all formally affiliated with each other, and their level of collaboration and organizational development varies. The majority of the EWB/ISF organizations are strongly linked to academia and to students, with many of them being student-led.
Jain rituals
Jain rituals play an everyday part in Jainism. Rituals take place daily or more often. Rituals include obligations followed by Jains and various forms of idol worship.

Jains rituals can be separated broadly in two parts: Karyn (obligations which are followed) and Kriya (worships which are performed).

Abhisheka
Abhishek (Sanskrit: अभिषेक, romanized: Abhiṣeka) is a religious rite or method of prayer in which a devotee pours a liquid offering on an image or murti of a deity. This is common to religions such as Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism.
Jean Rolin (cardinal)
Jean (Jehan) Rolin (1408–1483) was a French bishop and Cardinal.

His father, Nicolas Rolin, was ducal Chancellor of Burgundy, and lord of Authumes. Jean became a Cardinal in 1448, created by Pope Nicholas V, as part of diplomatic engagement between the Duchy of Burgundy and the Papacy, tending against France.

He was bishop of Chalon-sur-Saône in 1431, and bishop of Autun in 1436. He was a patron of the arts, supporting the work of an anonymous illustrator known as the Master of Jean Rolin.

Ancient Diocese of Chalon-sur-Saône
The former French Catholic diocese of Chalon-sur-Saône (Lat.: dioecesis Cabilonensis) existed until the French Revolution. After the Concordat of 1801, it was suppressed, and its territory went to the diocese of Autun. Its see was Chalon Cathedral.
Presqu'île
The Presqu'île (pronounced [pʁɛskil] ⓘ; literally "almost an island" in French, meaning "peninsula") is the central part of the City of Lyon, France. Extending from the foot of the Croix-Rousse hill in the north to the confluence of the Rhône and the Saône rivers in the south, it has a preponderance of cafés, restaurants, luxury shops, department stores, banks, government buildings and cultural institutions.

The 1st and 2nd arrondissements of the city are located here, along with the Hôtel de Ville, Lyon's city hall in its 1st arrondissement. The spires of the Church of St. Nizier, rebuilt from the 14th to the 16th centuries, are at the foot of the former Saône river bridge. With a history stretching back to the Middle Ages, Lyon's Presqu'île was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List along with other districts in Lyon as a testimony to Lyon's long history as an important European city and its architecture.

Place Bellecour
The Place Bellecour (French pronunciation: [plas bɛlkuʁ]) is a large square in the centre of Lyon, France, to the north of the Ainay district. Measuring 312 m by 200 m (6.2 ha or 15 acres), it is one of the largest open squares (without any patches of greenery or trees) in Europe, and the third biggest square in France, behind the Place des Quinconces in Bordeaux (12.6 ha) and the Place de la Concorde in Paris (8.6 ha). It is also the largest pedestrian square in Europe: vehicles are allowed on the Place de la Concorde and Place des Quinconces.

In the middle is an equestrian statue of King Louis XIV by François-Frédéric Lemot (1825). Another statue, representing the Petit Prince and Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, is at the west end of the square. The square also has two pavilions, housing the tourist information office of Lyon and an art gallery.

The square is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.