hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1876
Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1876 was the cricket season when the English club Derbyshire played their sixth season.

Hampshire replaced Nottinghamshire as the third county to play Derbyshire, together with Lancashire and Kent. Derbyshire also played their first match against MCC, which was to become a regular feature. Mycroft achieved 17 wickets for 103 runs  in a match which remains a record match analysis for Derbyshire.

The season was clouded with the death in a railway accident of Frederick Thornhill after just one chance to play for the county.

Frederick Thornhill
Frederick Thornhill (25 September 1846 – 23 July 1876) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1876.

Thornhill was born in Beeston, Nottinghamshire, the son of Richard Thornhill (1817-1896) and his wife Eliza Reynolds (1824-1907) and became an engine stoker and later a guard for the Midland Railway. He took part in a cricket match playing for Birmingham in 1866. He made a single appearance for Derbyshire in the 1876 season, against Lancashire in June, when he mode no score in either innings.

Just over a month later, Thornhill died at the age of 29 at Toton Sidings, the largest marshalling yards of the Midland Railway.

Thornhill married Elizabeth Bywater on 19 November 1867 in St John the Baptist Church, Beeston. They had the following children:

Elizabeth Thornhill (1868-1956)

Frederick Thornhill (b. 1870)

Mary Ann Thornhill (1872-1948)

Annie Maria Thornhill (1875-1951)

Emily Thornhill (1876-1946)
Tibor Rubin
Tibor "Ted" Rubin (June 18, 1929 – December 5, 2015) was a Hungarian-American Army Corporal. A Holocaust survivor who immigrated to the U.S. in 1948, he fought in the Korean War and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the war, as a combatant and a prisoner of war (POW).

Rubin received the award from President George W. Bush on September 23, 2005, 55 years after the Korean War. Rubin was repeatedly nominated for various military decorations, but was overlooked because of antisemitism by a superior. Fellow soldiers who filed affidavits supporting Rubin's nomination for the Medal of Honor said that Rubin's sergeant "was an anti-Semite who gave Rubin dangerous assignments in hopes of getting him killed". In November, 2016, President Obama signed legislation renaming the Long Beach California VA Medical Center after Rubin.

Daniel M. Cohen
Daniel M. Cohen is an American writer, producer, and director. He is the author of the biography Single Handed, about Medal of Honor recipient Tibor Rubin. Cohen wrote, produced and directed the film Diamond Men, starring Robert Forster, Donnie Wahlberg, and Bess Armstrong.
Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (10 August 1570 – 18 October 1590) was the second son of Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1526–1586) and his wife, Christine of Hesse (1543–1604).

After the early death of his elder brother Frederick II in 1587, he inherited the ducal share of rule in the royal Danish-ducal condominium of the duchies of Holstein and of Schleswig at the age of 17.  He died three years later. Not much is known about his death but he might have died of natural causes . Rumours say that his brother Frederick was also close to him.

Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Adolf of Denmark or Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp (25 January 1526 –1 October 1586) was the first Duke of Holstein-Gottorp from the line of Holstein-Gottorp of the House of Oldenburg.

He was the third son of King Frederick I of Denmark and his second wife, Sophie of Pomerania. King Frederick I had his son educated by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. He spent four years at the Landgrave's castle in Kassel.

In 1544, Adolf, his brother Johann, and their half-brother King Christian III of Denmark, divided the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. The areas were divided according to approximately equal tax proceeds. Adolf, as the youngest, was entitled to the first choice. Since he selected the part with the castle Gottorp, the line of the house Oldenburg created by him was called Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.
Common Purpose UK
Common Purpose is a British-founded charity that runs leadership-development programmes around the world.

Common Purpose UK is a subsidiary of Common Purpose.

Founded in 1989 by Julia Middleton, its aim is to develop leaders who cross boundaries so they can solve complex problems in work and in society. Adirupa Sengupta was appointed as Group CEO in 2019.

As of 2015 Common Purpose ran local programmes for leaders in cities across the world, and its global programmes bring together leaders from over 100 countries across six continents. As of 2019, 85,000 leaders worldwide have taken part in Common Purpose programmes.

Media Standards Trust
The Media Standards Trust is a British media think tank formed in 2006. It carries out research on issues in the media sector. It also advocates for press freedom as well as industry quality, transparency and accountability. It is a registered charity and is not aligned with any political party or media company.
Glutethimide
Glutethimide (brand names included Doriden, Elrodorm, and Noxyron) is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant drug of the piperidine chemical class, one of many non-barbiturate, "barbiturate-like" GABAergic medications exhibiting general calming, relaxing, or "tranquilizing" properties in addition to relieving anxiety and promoting sleep. As such, "nerve pills" or "sleeping pills" were common vernacular descriptions of these types of medications.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Bengali (Unicode block)
Bengali Unicode block contains characters for the Bengali, Assamese, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Daphla, Garo, Hallam, Khasi, Mizo, Munda, Naga, Riang, and Santali languages. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0981..U+09CD were a direct copy of the Bengali characters A1-ED from the 1988 ISCII standard, as well as several Assamese ISCII characters in the U+09F0 column. The Devanagari, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam blocks were similarly all based on ISCII encodings.

Malayalam (Unicode block)
Malayalam is a Unicode block containing characters of the Malayalam script. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0D02..U+0D4D were a direct copy of the Malayalam characters A2-ED from the 1988 ISCII standard. The Devanagari, Bengali, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada blocks were similarly all based on their ISCII encodings.
Emagram
An emagram is one of four thermodynamic diagrams used to display temperature lapse rate and moisture content profiles in the atmosphere. The emagram has axes of temperature (T) and pressure (p). In the emagram, the dry adiabats make an angle of about 45 degrees with the isobars, isotherms are vertical and isopleths of saturation mixing ratio are almost straight and vertical.

Usually, temperature and dew point data from radiosondes are plotted on these diagrams to allow calculations of convective stability or Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE). Wind barbs are often plotted at the side of a tephigram to indicate the winds at different heights.

First devised in 1884 by Heinrich Hertz, the emagram is used primarily in European countries. Other countries use similar thermodynamic diagrams for the same purpose. However, the details of their construction vary. Emagram is the first atmospheric thermodynamic diagram.

Atmospheric thermodynamics
Atmospheric thermodynamics is the study of heat-to-work transformations (and their reverse) that take place in the Earth's atmosphere and manifest as weather or climate.  Atmospheric thermodynamics use the laws of classical thermodynamics,  to describe and explain such phenomena as the properties of moist air, the formation of clouds, atmospheric convection, boundary layer meteorology, and vertical instabilities in the atmosphere. Atmospheric thermodynamic diagrams are used as tools in the forecasting of storm development.  Atmospheric thermodynamics forms a basis for cloud microphysics and convection parameterizations used in numerical weather models and is used in many climate considerations, including convective-equilibrium climate models.
Progressive Liberation Front
The Progressive Liberation Front (Arabic: جبهة التحرير التقدمي, commonly known by its acronym 'جات', Gat) was a small communist organization in Egypt. The organization emerged in 1948 as a split from the Democratic Movement for National Liberation (HADITU). Leaders of Gat included Issamuddin Jilal, Ahmed Taha, Ismail Jibr, Salah Salma and Ehia al-Mazsi.

Gat merged with HADITU-Revolutionary Action, but Gat was reconstituted when HADITU-Revolutionary Action ceased to function. In 1950, Gat rejoined HADITU but remained a separate fraction of the Egyptian communist movement during various years of the 1950s. Ahmed Taha was the sole Gat member on the Central Committee of HADITU.

Democratic Movement for National Liberation
The Democratic Movement for National Liberation (Arabic: الحركة الديمقراطية للتحرر الوطنى, abbreviated حدتو, HADITU, French: Mouvement démocratique de libération nationale, abbreviated M.D.L.N.) was a communist organization in Egypt from 1947 to 1955. HADITU was led by Henri Curiel. The movement followed the line of the National Democratic Revolution.
Loleza Mountain
Loleza Peak is a 2,809-metre-high (9,216 ft) mountain in Mbeya Region, Tanzania, East Africa. It is located in the Mbeya Range, just north of the city of Mbeya. It is the type locale for the moth Zamarada loleza.

Mbeya Range
Mbeya Range  is a volcanic mountain range in Mbeya Region, in southwestern Tanzania, East Africa. It forms an arc just north of the town of Mbeya and includes Loleza Peak (2656 m.), Mbeya Peak (2895 m.), Nyanuwa Peak (2332 m.), and Pungulumo (1909 m.). The range is at the junction of the eastern Gregory Rift and western Albertine Rift valleys. and is in Rungwe volcanic province. The Songwe Scarp terminates the Rukwa Trough at its southeast end and forms the northwestern side of the Mbeya Range.

The Poroto Mountains and Mount Rungwe lie to the south, and the Kipengere Range to the southeast.
Homagial Crown
The Homagial Crown (Polish: Korona Homagialna), also known under its Latin name as the Corona Homagialis, was a part of the Polish Crown Jewels. It was mentioned for the first time in the 15th century in the inventory of the Wawel Royal Treasury. It was probably the coronation crown of Władysław II Jagiełło.

Polish crown jewels
The only surviving original piece of the Polish crown jewels (Polish: Polskie klejnoty koronne) from the time of the Piast dynasty is the ceremonial sword Szczerbiec. It is currently on display along with other preserved royal items at the Wawel Royal Castle Museum in Kraków.

Several royal crowns were made, including several during the 16th century, a "Hungarian Crown", a "Swedish Crown" used by the Vasa kings, and others that were subsequently lost or destroyed. The crown regalia used by the Saxon kings, and some remainders of older Polish monarchs which were appropriated by king Augustus II, also the Elector of Saxony — like a cup of Queen Jadwiga so-called roztruchan, and the magnificent scale armour, so-called karacena, of King John III Sobieski — are today on display in the Grünes Gewölbe and the Rüstkammer in Dresden, Germany.
Animal cognition
Animal cognition encompasses the mental capacities of non-human animals, including insect cognition. The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this field was developed from comparative psychology. It has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary psychology;  the alternative name cognitive ethology is sometimes used. Many behaviors associated with the term animal intelligence are also subsumed within animal cognition.

Researchers have examined animal cognition in mammals (especially primates, cetaceans, elephants, bears, dogs, cats, pigs, horses, cattle, raccoons and rodents), birds (including parrots, fowl, corvids and pigeons), reptiles (lizards, crocodilians, snakes, and turtles), fish and invertebrates (including cephalopods, spiders and insects).

Pig intelligence
Pigs are among the most intelligent mammals on the planet; as such, they display a wide range of complex behaviors, such as the ability to perform video game-like tasks, understanding human instructions, and using primitive tools.
Chinatown, Boston
Chinatown, Boston (Chinese: 波士頓唐人街; Cantonese: 唐人街; Jyutping: Tong4jan4gaai1) is a neighborhood located in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is the only surviving historic ethnic Chinese enclave in New England since the demise of the Chinatowns in Providence, Rhode Island, and Portland, Maine, after the 1950s. Because of the high population of Asians and Asian Americans living in this area of Boston, there is an abundance of Chinese and Vietnamese restaurants located in Chinatown. It is one of the most densely populated residential areas in Boston and serves as the largest center of its East Asian and Southeast Asian cultural life.

Chinatown borders the Boston Common, Downtown Crossing, the Washington Street Theatre District, Bay Village, the South End, and the Southeast Expressway/Massachusetts Turnpike. Boston's Chinatown is one of the largest Chinatowns outside of New York City.

Chinese Progressive Association (Boston)
The Chinese Progressive Association (CPA) is an American non-governmental organization founded in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1977. The CPA is an agency that helps Chinese immigrants assimilate into American culture through citizen classes, English classes, and involvement in local activism. The organization has engaged in political action as the motive force behind Boston's Unemployed Workers Rights Campaign (UWRC) during the decade of the 1980s. Members have also protested for affordable housing in Boston's Chinatown following mass construction of luxury condos.  Additionally, in 2014, the CPA has created partnerships with Boston supermarkets in order to bring job opportunities for Asian immigrants into Boston.
Hugh Hudson
Hugh Hudson (25 August 1936 – 10 February 2023) was an English film director. He is known for directing the 1981 Academy Award and BAFTA Award Best Picture Chariots of Fire, after beginning his career making documentaries and television commercials. He continued to direct commercials while making films, which included the British Airways face advertisement from 1989 made in collaboration with London-based advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi.

The Journey Home (2014 film)
The Journey Home (originally titled Midnight Sun) is a 2014 family adventure-drama film starring Dakota Goyo, Goran Višnjić, and Bridget Moynahan, written by Hugh Hudson, directed by Roger Spottiswoode and Brando Quilici. Filmed on location in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, it follows Luke Mercier, a local teenager (Goyo), who works to reunite lost polar bear cub Nanuk with its mother. It premiered in November 2014, and received generally mixed-to-positive reviews.
Great Torrington
Great Torrington (often abbreviated to Torrington, though the villages of Little Torrington and Black Torrington are situated in the same region) is a market town in Devon, England. Parts of it are sited on high ground with steep drops down to the River Torridge below, with the lower-lying parts of the town prone to occasional flooding. Torrington is in the centre of Tarka Country, a landscape captured by Henry Williamson in his novel Tarka the Otter in 1927. Great Torrington has one of the most active volunteering communities in the United Kingdom.

In July 2019, Great Torrington was reported to be the healthiest place to live in Britain. Researchers from the University of Liverpool found that the area had low levels of pollution, good access to green space and health services, along with few retail outlets.

Little Torrington
Little Torrington is a village and a civil parish near Great Torrington, in the Torridge district, north Devon, England. In 2001 the population of the civil parish of Little Torrington was 420 and in 2011 it was 376, according to census data. Little Torrington has the Church of St Giles and the Chapel of St Mary Magdalene.

In the 1870s, Little Torrington was described as follows:

"A bridge over the river Torridge, at Taddyport village, connects the parish with Great Torrington. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £397. Patrons, the Heirs of Lord Rolle and others. The church is ancient but good."
Metatarsophalangeal joint sprain
A metatarsophalangeal joint sprain is an injury to the connective tissue between the foot and a toe (at a metatarsophalangeal joint, one of the joints in the ball of the foot). When the big toe is involved, it is known as "turf toe".

Metatarsophalangeal joints
The metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP joints) are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones (proximal phalanges) of the toes. They are analogous to the knuckles of the hand, and are consequently known as toe knuckles in common speech. They are  condyloid joints, meaning that an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) comes close to a shallow cavity (of the proximal phalanges). The region of skin directly below the joints forms the ball of the foot.

The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral.
Campaign for Fiscal Equity
The Campaign for Fiscal Equity (CFE) was a not-for-profit advocacy organization that sought to protect and promote the constitutional right to a sound basic education for all public school students in the State of New York.  Under the leadership of Michael A. Rebell, the organization filed and won the landmark "CFE v. State of New York" lawsuit, which successfully argued that the state's school finance system under-funded New York City public schools and denied its students their constitutional right.

Robert Jackson (New York politician)
Robert Jackson (born December 18, 1950) is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he represents District 31 in the New York State Senate. He previously served in the New York City Council from 2002 to 2013, representing the 7th district in Manhattan. He is the first Muslim New York State Senator.
2018 Pan American Gymnastics Championships
The 2018 Pan American Gymnastics Championships was held in Lima, Peru, in September, 2018. Three gymnastics disciplines were contested: artistic gymnastics (from September 11 to 16), rhythmic gymnastics (from September 26 to 30) and trampoline (from September 5 to 9). The event was organized by the Peruvian Gymnastics Federation under the supervision of the Pan American Gymnastics Union and the International Gymnastics Federation, and served as qualification for the 2019 Pan American Games, which were also held in Lima, Peru.

Gymnastics at the 2019 Pan American Games
Gymnastics competitions at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru were held between July 27 and August 5, 2019 at the Polideportivo Villa El Salvador, which also hosted the karate competitions.

The artistic competitions took place between July 27 and 31. The rhythmic competition took place between August 2 and 5. The trampoline competition took place between August 4 and 5.

24 medal events were contested; 14 in artistic gymnastics (eight for men, six for women), eight in rhythmic (all for women), and 2 in trampoline (one per gender). A total of 195 gymnasts competed: 120 in artistic (60 per gender), 51 in rhythmic, and 24 in trampoline (12 per gender).
McLean County, North Dakota
McLean County (/məˈkleɪn/ mə-KLAYN) is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,771, and was estimated to be 9,845 in 2024. The county seat is Washburn and the largest city is Garrison.

Sheridan County, North Dakota
Sheridan County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,265, and was estimated to be 1,268 in 2024. making it the third-least populous county in North Dakota. The county seat and the largest city is McClusky.
2024 Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship
The 2024 Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship was the 21st edition of the Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship, the biennial international men's under-21 field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation.

It was hosted by Atlètic Terrassa Hockey Club at Can Salas in Terrassa, Spain alongside the women's tournament from 14 to 20 July 2024. The top six teams qualified for the 2025 Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup.

The Netherlands were the defending champions, winning their tenth title by defeating the defending champions Germany 3–1 in the  2022 final. They could not keep their title this time as the hosts Spain defeated the Netherlands 3–1 in final to win their fourth title. Belgium won the bronze medal by defeating Germany 4–3.

Germany men's national under-21 field hockey team
The Germany men's national under-21 field hockey team represents Germany in men's international under-21 field hockey competitions and is controlled by the German Hockey Federation, the governing body for field hockey in Germany.

The team competes in the EuroHockey Junior Championships which they have won seven times. They have qualified for all Junior World Cups which they have won a record eight times.
Emu Plains Underbridge
Emu Plains Underbridge is a heritage-listed steel truss railway underbridge located off Bruce Neale Dr approximately 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) west of the Penrith railway station in the western Sydney suburb of Penrith, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by James Fraser, the existing lines branch and the New South Wales Government Railways. It was built in 1907, with fabrication by R. Tulloch & Co.; and erection by day labour. It is also known as Emu Plains (Nepean River) Underbridge and Penrith (Nepean River) Underbridge. The property is owned by Transport Asset Holding Entity, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 28 June 2013.

Penrith, New South Wales
Penrith is a suburb in Outer Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Sydney central business district on the eastern bank of the Nepean River. It is on the outskirts of the Cumberland Plain at an elevation of 32 metres (105 ft). Penrith is the administrative centre for the City of Penrith local government area.