hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fruit tree forms
Fruit trees are grown in a variety of shapes, sometimes for aesthetic appeal but mainly to encourage fruit production. The form or shape of fruit trees can be manipulated by pruning and training. Shaping and promoting a particular tree form is undertaken to establish the plant in a particular situation under certain environmental conditions, to increase fruit yield, and to enhance fruit quality. For example, pruning a tree to a pyramid shape enables trees to be planted closer together. An open bowl or cup form helps sunlight penetrate the canopy, thus encouraging a high fruit yield whilst keeping the tree short and accessible for harvesting. Other shapes such as cordons, espaliers and fans provide opportunities for growing trees two dimensionally against walls or fences, or they can be trained to function as barriers.

Fruit tree
A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by animals and humans. All trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the term "fruit tree" is limited to those that provide fruit for human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (see Fruit), but would include "fruit" in a culinary sense, as well as some nut-bearing trees, such as walnuts.

The scientific study and the cultivation of fruits is called pomology, which divides fruits into groups based on plant morphology and anatomy. Some of those groups are pome fruits, which include apples and pears, and stone fruits, which include peaches/nectarines, almonds, apricots, plums and cherries.
Silver City Historic District (Idaho)
The Silver City Historic District is a historically significant mining area in northwestern Owyhee County, Idaho, United States. It includes the abandoned town of Silver City and numerous nearby towns, mines, and mining remains, covering approximately 37 square feet. Along with Silver City, it encompasses the communities of Ruby City, Boonsville, Dewey, and Fairvlew, along with major silver mines on War Eagle Mountain and Florida Mountain.

Silver City, Idaho
Silver City is a ghost town in northwestern Owyhee County, Idaho, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). At its height in the 1880s, it was a gold and silver mining town with a population of around 2,500 and approximately 75 businesses.
EGSY8p7
EGSY8p7 (EGSY-2008532660) is a distant galaxy in the constellation of Boötes, with a spectroscopic redshift of z = 8.68 (photometric redshift 8.57), a light travel distance of 13.2 billion light-years from Earth. Therefore, at an age of 13.2 billion years, it is observed as it existed 570 million years after the Big Bang, which occurred 13.8 billion years ago, using the W. M. Keck Observatory. In July 2015, EGSY8p7 was announced as the oldest and most-distant known object, surpassing the previous record holder, EGS-zs8-1, which was determined in May 2015 as the oldest and most distant object. In March 2016, Pascal Oesch, one of the discoverers of EGSY8p7, announced the discovery of GN-z11, an older and more distant galaxy.

The galaxy contains a supermassive black hole, CEERS 1019.

CEERS 1019
CEERS 1019 is a black hole in the galaxy previously identified as EGSY8p7 or z910_6811 and may be the oldest known black hole as of 2023. The galaxy and its black hole already existed about 570 million years after the Big Bang, and the black hole in the center of CEERS 1019 seems to be less massive than any other black holes identified in the early universe but still larger than black hole growth methods can currently explain.

The authors of a 2023 preprint describing it state that "We find that it is difficult to explain a SMBH of this mass ... with a stellar seed", i.e. gravitational collapse into a stellar black hole.  Its mass is 106.95±0.37 (3.8-21 million) solar masses.
Byeong Chun Lee
Byeong Chun Lee (Korean: 이병천; born January 5, 1965), also spelled Lee Byeong-chun, is the veterinary professor at Seoul National University responsible for the ₩300 million KRW (about US$240,000) "Toppy" dog cloning program in 2007. Yi is a former aide to Hwang Woo-suk, a pioneer in the field with the "Snuppy" clone, who fell from grace after his stem cell research turned out to have been fabricated. Yi has been described as "one of the world's best-known dog cloning experts."

Snuppy
Snuppy (Korean: 스너피, romanized: Seuneopi, a portmanteau of "SNU" and "puppy"; April 24, 2005 – May 2015) was an Afghan hound, the first dog clone. The puppy was created using a cell from an ear from an adult Afghan hound and involved 123 surrogate mothers, of which only two produced pups (Snuppy being the sole survivor). The Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology at Seoul National University, which cloned Snuppy, was led by Woo Suk Hwang. Snuppy has since been used in the first known successful breeding between cloned canines after his sperm was used to artificially inseminate two cloned females, which resulted in the birth of 10 puppies in 2008. In 2017, 4 clones of Snuppy were made by Sooam, and were the first clones made of a cloned dog, to investigate potential health effects of cloning.
1983 MEAC men's basketball tournament
The 1983 Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament took place March 10–12 at Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina. North Carolina A&T defeated Howard, 71–64 in the championship game, to win its second consecutive MEAC Tournament title.

The Aggies earned an automatic bid to the 1983 NCAA tournament as a No. 12 seed in the West region.

1982–83 North Carolina A&T Aggies men's basketball team
The 1982–83 North Carolina A&T Aggies men's basketball team represented North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University during the 1982–83 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Aggies, led by fourth-year head coach Don Corbett, played their home games at the Corbett Sports Center as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 23–8, 9–3 in MEAC play to finish in second place. They were champions of the MEAC tournament, winning the championship game over Morgan State, to earn an automatic bid to the 1983 NCAA tournament where they were defeated by Princeton, 53–41, in the play-in round.
Nanna Conti
Nanna Conti, née Pauli (21 April 1881 – 30 December 1951) was a German midwife who headed the association of German midwives during the Third Reich and held the position of Reichshebammenführer from 1933. Her son Leonardo Conti headed Nazi health programs.

Leonardo Conti
Leonardo Conti (German pronunciation: [ˈleːonaʁdo ˈkɔnti]; 24 August 1900 – 6 October 1945) was the Reich Health Leader and an SS-Obergruppenführer in Nazi Germany. He was involved in the planning and execution of Action T4 that murdered hundreds of thousands of adults and children with severe mental and physical handicaps. On 19 May 1945, after Germany's surrender, Conti was imprisoned and in October hanged himself to avoid trial.
Mount Newman
Mount Newman (69°11′S 71°26′W﻿ / ﻿69.183°S 71.433°W﻿ / -69.183; -71.433) is a mountain rising to about 1,150 m in northeast Havre Mountains, north Alexander Island, Antarctica. Situated 13.23 km south of Satovcha Peak, 13.15 km north-northwest of Breze Peak, 8.26 km northeast of Mount Pontida and 7.34 km east-northeast of Igralishte Peak. The mountain was first surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1975–76. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1980 after John Newman, BAS Diesel mechanic, Adelaide, 1968–69; Stonington Island, 1969–70 and 1972–74; who was instrumental in modifying BAS motor sledges, first used successfully as replacements for dog teams on this survey.

Igralishte Peak
Igralishte Peak (Bulgarian: връх Игралище, romanized: vrah Igralishte, IPA: [ˈvrɤx iˈɡraliʃtɛ]) is the ice-covered peak rising to 1690 m in Havre Mountains, northern Alexander Island in Antarctica. It surmounts Hadzhiev Glacier to the northeast and Wubbold Glacier to the south. The feature is named after the settlement of Igralishte in Southwestern Bulgaria.
1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election
An election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in March 1946. The 1940 and 1943 elections were postponed due to the Second World War, therefore the election was preceded by the 1937 election and followed, by the 1949 election.

1937 Carmarthenshire County Council election
An election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in March 1937. It was preceded by the 1934 election. Due to the Second World War no elections were held in 1940 and 1943 therefore the 1937 election was followed by the 1946 election.
Judenberater
The Judenberater or Judenreferent (German plural: Judenberater; Judenreferenten), variously translated as "Jew advisers" or "Jew experts", were Nazi SS officials who supervised anti-Jewish legislation and the deportations of Jews in the countries under their responsibility. Key architects of the Holocaust, most of them were under the direct command of Adolf Eichmann.

Friedrich Boßhammer
Friedrich Boßhammer (1906–1972) was a German jurist, SS-Sturmbannführer and close associate of Adolf Eichmann, responsible for the deportation of the Italian Jews to extermination camps from January 1944 until the end of the war in Europe. He was arrested in West Germany in 1968 and stood trial. Boßhammer was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in April 1972 for his involvement in the deportation of 3,300 Jews from Italy, but died before he could serve time in prison.
Nils Anker
Nils Anker (14 June 1836 – 1 October 1893 ) was a Norwegian businessman, landowner and politician.

He was born at Rød herregård in Halden, Østfold, Norway.
He was a son of Peter Martin Anker and his second wife, Cathrine Olava Nicoline Gløersen (1814-1902). He was a brother of Herman Anker and Christian August Anker, uncle of Katti Anker Møller, Ella Anker and Johan Anker and granduncle of Øyvind Anker, Peter Martin Anker and Tove Mohr.

He made his living as a wholesaler and landowner. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1885, 1888 and 1891. He represented the constituency Fredrikshald and the Conservative Party.

Peter Martin Anker (diplomat)
Peter Martin Anker (21 March 1903 – 7 January 1977) was a Norwegian diplomat. He worked for the League of Nations, Red Cross and United Nations before, during and after the Second World War. He was then an ambassador in European, Asian and African countries from 1951 to 1973. He was stationed in six countries, but with side responsibilities for other countries, he was an ambassador in fifteen countries during his career (with Austria counted twice).
Accomack County, Virginia
Accomack County is a United States county that, together with Northampton County, constitutes the Eastern Shore region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. These two counties also form the southern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula, which is bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The town of Accomac serves as the county seat, while Chincoteague is the largest town in the county.

The area was named for the Accawmack Indians, who resided in the area when the English first explored it in 1603. The region was known as Accomac Shire until it was renamed Northampton County in 1642. The present Accomack County was then carved out of Northampton County in 1663.

As of the 2020 census, Accomack County had a total population of 33,413. The population has remained relatively stable over the 20th century, though Accomack is one of the poorest parts of Virginia.

Virginia State Route 178
State Route 178 (SR 178) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 11.51 miles (18.52 km) from U.S. Route 13 Business (US 13 Business) in Exmore north to SR 620, SR 628, and SR 718 at Bobtown. SR 178 connects Exmore in far northern Northampton County with Belle Haven and Pungoteague in southern Accomack County.
Souto de Aguiar da Beira
Souto de Aguiar da Beira is a former freguesia ("civil parish") in Aguiar da Beira Municipality, Guarda District, Portugal. It was merged with Valverde in 2013 to form the new freguesia Souto de Aguiar da Beira e Valverde.

Valverde (Aguiar da Beira)
Valverde is a former freguesia ("civil parish") in Aguiar da Beira Municipality, Guarda District, Portugal. It was merged with Souto de Aguiar da Beira in 2013 to form the new freguesia Souto de Aguiar da Beira e Valverde.
Mataroa
Mataroa is a settlement in the Rangitikei District and Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island.

The area was already settled by the Māori iwi Ngāti Rangi by the time William Colenso made the first recorded European visit in 1845.

Railway surveyors cut a rough track through the district in 1884, and wool farmers began clearing the area in the following decades. The Mataroa Tunnel was dug through the area in the early 1900s. The Main Trunk railway line was laid through it in 1906 and it began to carry trains in 1907.

The Paengaroa Scenic Reserve is located in Mataroa. It includes a carpark, picnicking area, and ten minute walking track.

There were two fatal crashes in Mataroa in 2019.

Mataroa railway station
Mataroa was a station on the North Island Main Trunk line, in the Ruapehu District of New Zealand. It served the village of Mataroa. Mataroa is part way up a long gradient from Taihape to Waiouru, beginning at 1 in 60, but largely 1 in 70 from Mataroa to Hīhītahi, so that Mataroa is 88 m (289 ft) above Taihape and 110 m (360 ft) below Ngaurukehu.
Mark Lane, London
Mark Lane is a street in the City of London linking Great Tower Street and Fenchurch Street. It gave its name to the nearby Mark Lane tube station, which was opened in 1884, renamed Tower Hill in 1946, and closed in 1967. For some 240 years, Mark Lane was known for the corn exchange (which was the only market in London for corn, grain and seed); it occupied a series of properties on the east side of the southern end of the street.

Fenchurch Street
Fenchurch Street is a street in London, England, linking Aldgate at its eastern end with Lombard Street and Gracechurch Street in the west. It is a well-known thoroughfare in the City of London financial district and is the site of many corporate offices and headquarters. The name "Fenchurch" means "church in the fenny or marshy ground" and presumably refers to St Gabriel Fenchurch, which stood at the junction of Fenchurch Street and Cullum Street until it was destroyed by the Great Fire.

To the south of Fenchurch Street and towards its eastern end is Fenchurch Street railway station, a mainline terminus with services towards east London and Essex. Other notable sites include the commercial buildings at 20 Fenchurch Street and 30 Fenchurch Street (formerly known as Plantation Place).
Scholes, Leeds
Scholes-in-Elmet is a village in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Its name is a plural of Old Norse skáli meaning "temporary shed".

It is sometimes known as Scholes-in-Elmet to distinguish it from the villages of the same name in the Holme Valley and Cleckheaton, also by analogy with the neighbouring village of Barwick-in-Elmet and Sherburn in Elmet.

The village is part of the civil parish of Barwick in Elmet and Scholes, sits in the Harewood ward of Leeds City Council and Wetherby and Easingwold parliamentary constituency. In 2011, the population of Scholes was 2,266.

Sherburn in Elmet
Sherburn in Elmet (pronounced /ˈʃɜːrbərnɪnˈɛlmɪt/ SHUR-bər-nin-EL-mit) is a town and civil parish in the district and county of North Yorkshire, England. It is to the west of Selby and south of Tadcaster.

It was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Selby, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

It is one of three placenames associated with the post-Roman kingdom of Elmet, the others being Barwick-in-Elmet and Scholes-in-Elmet. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 6,657.
Warrington and Halton Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust was created on 1 December 2008 from what was formerly known as North Cheshire Hospitals NHS Trust. The trust comprises Warrington Hospital, Halton General Hospital in Runcorn and Houghton Hall in Warrington and is responsible for a budget of around £200 million per annum.

4,100 staff work across the hospitals and provide access to care for a population of over 500,000 people.

In 2019 the trust began discussions of a merger with Bridgewater Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust.

NHS treatments blacklist
The NHS treatments blacklist is an informal name for a list of medicines and procedures which will not be funded by public money except in exceptional cases. These include but are not limited to procedures which the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has ruled of limited effectiveness and particular brand name medicines. In 2017 there was a proposal for 3,200 over-the-counter (OTC) drugs to be restricted and 18 procedures to be added to the list. This generated some controversy amongst doctors with some arguing that OTC should be blacklisted instead, and others believing the move did not take into account individual patient needs.
The Solar Generation
The Solar Generation: Childhood and Adolescence of Terrestrial Photovoltaics is a 2018 book by Philip R Wolfe published by John Wiley & Sons and the IEEE. It describes the early years of the solar power sector, covering in particular the years between 1973 and 1999.

The author's foreword says this was a period when solar power was "discounted as an irrelevance", but he "confidently predicts that it will be the world's largest energy source" within his lifetime.

The book covers specifically solar photovoltaic power generation for terrestrial uses. It does not deal with space applications of solar cells, nor solar thermal energy including CSP.

Philip Wolfe (engineer)
Philip Rowland Wolfe MBE is one of the pioneers of the British renewable energy sector.

He first became involved in the 1970s, leading various photovoltaics companies until the turn of the century. As Director-General of the Renewable Energy Association he led the campaign for Feed-in Tariffs and the Renewable Heat Incentive.

He has written many publications and is responsible for a number of innovations and initiatives.

He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to renewable energy and the energy sector.
Lehigh Valley Railroad Barge No. 79
Lehigh Valley Railroad Barge No. 79 is a historic barge located at The Waterfront Museum in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, Kings County, New York. The barge was built in 1914 in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, as part of the lighter fleet operated by the Lehigh Valley Railroad to move cargoes around New York Harbor and along the lower Hudson River. It has a length on deck of 86 feet, beam of 30 feet, and draft of 2 feet, 9 inches.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. Lehigh Valley Railroad Barge 79 was previously listed on the National Register in 1989 at a berth in New Jersey.

Red Hook, Brooklyn
Red Hook is a neighborhood in western Brooklyn, New York City, United States, within the area once known as South Brooklyn. It is located on a peninsula projecting into the Upper New York Bay and is bounded by the Gowanus Expressway and the Carroll Gardens neighborhood on the northeast, Gowanus Canal on the east, and the Upper New York Bay on the west and south. A prosperous shipping and port area in the early 20th century, the area declined in the latter part of the century. Today, it is home to the Red Hook Houses, the largest housing project in Brooklyn.

Red Hook is part of Brooklyn Community District 6, and its primary ZIP Code is 11231. It is patrolled by the 76th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, Red Hook is represented by the New York City Council's 38th District.
Iowa Falls, Iowa
Iowa Falls is a city in Hardin County, Iowa, United States. Iowa Falls is the home of Ellsworth Community College. It is also a regional transportation center, located along U.S. Routes 20 and 65 and the Canadian National and Union Pacific Railroads. The population was 5,106 at the time of the 2020 census.

Ellsworth Community College
Ellsworth Community College is a public community college in Iowa Falls, Iowa.  It was founded as Ellsworth College in 1890 by Eugene S. Ellsworth.  Originally a private business academy, it later became a four-year college, a music conservatory, and a public junior college before being absorbed into the Iowa Valley Community College District in 1968.
Nevillea
Nevillea is a group of plants in the Restionaceae described as a genus in 1984. The entire genus is endemic to Cape Province in South Africa.

Species

Nevillea obtusissimus (Steud.) H.P.Linder

Nevillea singularis Esterh.

Nevillea vlokii H.P.Linder

Restionaceae
The Restionaceae, also called restiads and restios, are a family of flowering plants native to the Southern Hemisphere; they vary from a few centimeters to 3 meters in height. Following the APG IV (2016): the family now includes the former families Anarthriaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Lyginiaceae, and as such includes 51 genera with 572 known species. Based on evidence from fossil pollen, the Restionaceae likely originated more than 65 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period, when the southern continents were still part of Gondwana.
Franziska zu Königsegg-Aulendorf
Franziska Gräfin zu Königsegg-Aulendorf (Hungarian: Königsegg-Aulendorfi Franciska grófnő, 3 July 1814 – 22 April 1871) was a German noblewoman.

Her parents were Graf Franz Xavier Karl zu Königsegg-Aulendorf and Countess Mária Anna Károlyi de Nagykároly. Her grandfather was Count József Károlyi. She married Count György Andrássy in 1834. They had four children (including Count Dénes Andrássy).

György Andrássy
Count György Andrássy de Csíkszentkirály et Krasznahorka (February 5, 1797 – December 19, 1872) was a Hungarian nobleman, Imperial and Royal Chamberlain, Privy Councillor, Master of Cup-bearers, Chairman of the Tisza Rail Track Corporation and Upper Hungary Mining Association. He served as judge royal from 1863 to 1865.

He was one of the founders of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He supported the creation of that scientific organization with 10 500 Ft.
Contemporary Works I
Contemporary Works I is a limited-edition 10-disc CD box set released by Klaus Schulze in 2000 containing new studio material. The CDs are in cardboard sleeves and housed in a wooden box. Two years later Schulze released Contemporary Works II. Six of the discs have been reissued in 2005–2007 as part of the overall reissue program of Schulze back catalog by Revisited Records. Three more have been reissued in 2016–2018 by the label MiG.

Contemporary Works II
Contemporary Works II is a limited edition 5-disc CD box set released by Klaus Schulze in 2002 containing new studio material. This set was released two years after Contemporary Works I. One of the discs has been reissued in 2008 as part of the overall reissue program of Schulze back catalog by Revisited Records, the remaining four were released by MIG Music between 2016 and 2019. The first 333 copies of this set contained a bonus sixth disc.