hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Jews in Russia
The history of the Jews in Russia goes back to the beginnings of the Russian state. At one time, the Russian Empire hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories, the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, and they also faced periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecution, including violent pogroms.

Many analysts have documented a "renaissance" in the Jewish community inside Russia since the beginning of the 21st century; however, the Russian Jewish population has experienced precipitous decline since the dissolution of the USSR which continues to this day, although it is still among the largest in Europe.

Yevsektsiya
A Yevsektsiya (Russian: евсекция, a syllabic abbreviation for "Jewish Section" (Russian: Еврейская секция). [jɪfˈsʲektsɨjə]; Yiddish: יעווסעקציע) was the ethnically Jewish section of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its main institutions; it is also sometimes described as the Yiddish-language branch of the CPSU. The section was established in fall of 1918 with consent of Vladimir Lenin to carry Party ideology and Marxist-Leninist atheism to the Soviet Jewish masses. The Yevsektsiya published a Yiddish periodical, der Emes. According to Walter Kolarz, the Yevsektsiya inside the League of Militant Godless, "had a total of 40,000 Jewish members in 1929, the year when the anti-religious campaign was at its peak. These 'Jewish sections' were much despised by the bulk of Russia's Jewry. Their members were regarded with as much contempt as the Jewish renegades who turned persecutors of the own brethren in the Middle Ages."
North East Coast Exhibition
The North East Coast Exhibition was a world's fair held in Newcastle, Tyne and Wear and ran from May to October 1929. Held five years after the British Empire Exhibition in Wembley Park, London, and at the start of the Great Depression the event was held to encourage local heavy industry.

Exhibition Park, Newcastle
Exhibition Park is a public park connected to the south-eastern corner of the Town Moor, Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The park is home to numerous facilities including sports areas, a boating lake, playgrounds and a skatepark.
Coruche (Aguiar da Beira)
Coruche is a former freguesia in Aguiar da Beira Municipality, Guarda District, Portugal. It was merged with Aguiar da Beira in 2013 to form the new freguesia Aguiar da Beira e Coruche. The Portucalense Bridge over the River Coja is located in this former freguesia.

Aguiar da Beira (freguesia)
Aguiar da Beira is a former freguesia ("civil parish") in Aguiar da Beira Municipality, Guarda District, Portugal. It was merged with Coruche in 2013 to form the new freguesia Aguiar da Beira e Coruche. The Pillory of Aguiar da Beira is located in this former freguesia.
Anshun
Anshun (simplified Chinese: 安顺; traditional Chinese: 安順; pinyin: Ānshùn) is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city proper had a population of 765,313. Within the prefecture are attractions such as The Long Gong Dragon Caves and the Getu River.

Tianlong Tunbao town
Tianlong Tunbao (also spelled Tunpu) (simplified Chinese:天龙屯堡) is a historic town and tourist attraction located near Anshun city of Guizhou province in China.  The town is home to members of the Tunbao, an officially unrecognized ethnic group of Han people originally descended from members of an army sent on an expedition to Guizhou during the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty.  The traditional homes and customs of the Tunbao have been preserved, including performances of the DIxi opera or "ground opera".   Located next to the town is the Tiantaishan Wulong Temple (Simplified Chinese: 天台山伍龙寺), a former stronghold of Ming Dynasty general Wu Sangui.
Liestølbreen
Liestølbreen is a glacier complex in Torell Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is named after Norwegian glaciologist Olav Liestøl. The glacier is situated between the mountains of Arrheniusfjellet and Wijkberget. The glaciers of Krøkjebreen and Glasiologbreen belong to the Liestølbreen complex.

Krøkjebreen
Krøkjebreen ("The Bent Glacier") is a glacier in Torell Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of nine kilometers. Krøkjebreen is part of the Liestølbreen glacier complex, situated between the mountains of Arrheniusfjellet and Wijkberget.
Caernarfonshire
Caernarfonshire (/kərˈnɑːrvənʃər/; Welsh: Sir Gaernarfon, Welsh pronunciation: [ˈsir gaɨ̯rˈnarvɔn]), previously spelled Caernarvonshire or Carnarvonshire, was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was located in the north-west of Wales.

Bangor, Gwynedd
Bangor (/ˈbæŋɡɔːr/, /-ɡər/; Welsh: [ˈbaŋɡɔr] ⓘ) is a cathedral city and community in Gwynedd, Wales. Historically part of Caernarfonshire, the community had a population of 15,060 at the 2021 census, and the built up area had a population of 16,990. Landmarks include Bangor Cathedral, Bangor University and Garth Pier. The Britannia and Menai Suspension bridges connect the city to the Isle of Anglesey.
William Lambton
Lieutenant-Colonel William Lambton FRS (c. 1753 – 20 or 26 January 1823) was a British soldier, surveyor, and geographer who began a triangulation survey in 1800-1802 that was later called the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India. His initial survey was to measure the length of a degree of an arc of the meridian so as to establish the shape of the Earth and support a larger scale trigonometrical survey across the width of the peninsula of India between Madras and Mangalore. After triangulating across the peninsula, he continued surveys northwards for more than twenty years. He died during the course of the surveys in central India and is buried at Hinganghat in Wardha district of Maharashtra. He was succeeded by his assistant George Everest.

Jean Baptiste François Joseph de Warren
Jean Baptiste François Joseph de Warren (21 September 1769 – 9 February 1830), also known as John Warren, was an army captain and later lieutenant-colonel with Her Majesty's 33rd Regiment of Foot, East India Company in India, surveyor and amateur astronomer. While working as a surveyor in the Great Trigonometrical Survey he rediscovered what became the Kolar Gold Fields and in later life he documented Indian astronomy and time-keeping in his book Kala Sankalita.
HD 155358 c
HD 155358 c is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 155358 located 142 light years away in the constellation Hercules. This is a gas giant which orbits at 1.224 AU and takes 530.3 days to orbit HD 155358. This planet orbits in an eccentric orbit. This planet has at least half the mass of Jupiter.

HD 155358
HD 155358 is a low metallicity yellow dwarf star 44 pc away in the constellation Hercules. This star is known to be orbited by two extrasolar planets.

The star is 11.9 billion years old and has a mass 0.85 times that of the Sun. At the time of the planets' discoveries, it was notable for being the lowest metallicity planet-bearing star known, with an iron-to-hydrogen ratio 21% of the solar value.
Houghton County, Michigan
Houghton County (/ˈhoʊtən/; HOH-tən) is a county in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,361. The county seat and largest city is Houghton. Both the county and the city were named for Michigan State geologist and Detroit Mayor Douglass Houghton.

Houghton County is part of the Houghton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes Keweenaw County, and was part of Copper Country during the mining boom of the latter half of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century.

Calumet Charter Township, Michigan
Calumet Township (/ˌkæljʊˈmɛt/ KAL-yuu-MET), officially the Charter Township of Calumet, is a charter township of Houghton County in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,263 at the 2020 census. Even with a decreasing population, the township remains the largest township by population in Houghton County.
Mary Mills Coxe House
Mary Mills Coxe House is a historic home located near Hendersonville, Henderson County, North Carolina. Built about 1911, the house is a 2+1⁄2-story, Colonial Revival style frame dwelling with a pebbledash finish.  It has a two-level side-gabled roof, a pedimented front dormer, and a rear gable ell.  It features a one-story hip-roofed wraparound porch and porte-cochère.  Also on the property is a non-contributing art studio building associated with the Flat Rock School of Art.  In 1993 and 1994, the house was renovated for use as offices.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Hendersonville, North Carolina
Hendersonville is a city in and the county seat of Henderson County, North Carolina, United States, located 22 miles (35 km) south of Asheville. Like the county, the city is named for 19th-century North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice Leonard Henderson.

As of the 2020 census, Hendersonville had a population of 15,137.
Poland, Maine
Poland is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States. The population was 5,906 at the 2020 census. Set among rolling hills and numerous lakes, the town is home to Range Ponds State Park, which includes hiking trails and a pristine freshwater beach. Poland is also a historic resort area. It is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan statistical area, which itself is part of the Greater Portland-Lewiston Combined Statistical Area.

Range Ponds State Park
Range Ponds State Park is a public recreation area wrapping around the eastern end of Lower Range Pond in the town of Poland in Androscoggin County, Maine. The state park offers a sandy beach with lifeguard-supervised swimming, kayaking, limited motorized boating, hiking trails, and fishing. Mountain biking trails, built with the help of local volunteers, provide intermediate level, single-track loops off a central double-track trail that winds through mature pine and hardwood forests.
Juba
Juba is the capital and largest city of South Sudan. The city is situated on the White Nile and also serves as the capital of the Central Equatoria State. It is the most recently declared national capital and had a population of 525,953 in 2017. It has an area of 52 km2 (20 sq mi), with the metropolitan area covering 336 km2 (130 sq mi).

Juba was established in 1920–21 by the Church Missionary Society (CMS) in a small Bari village, also called Juba. The city was made the capital of Mongalla Province in the late 1920s. The growth of the town accelerated following the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005, which made Juba the capital of the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan. Juba became the capital of South Sudan in 2011 after its independence, but influential parties wanted Ramciel to be the capital. The government announced the move of the capital to Ramciel, but it has not yet occurred.

Lakes State
Lakes is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 43,595.08 km2. Rumbek is the capital of the state. Lakes is in the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan, in addition to Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Western Bahr el Ghazal, and Warrap states. Bahr el Ghazal itself was a former province which was split from the Anglo-Egyptian mudiriyat, or province of Equatoria in 1948. The eastern border was the White Nile with Jonglei State on the opposite bank. To the northeast lied the Unity State. Other borders included Warrap State towards the northwest, Western Equatoria to the south and west, and Central Equatoria to the south.

In July 2011, Ramciel in Lakes state was under consideration by the federal government as a site for a new national capital, which would replace Juba.
Acfred I of Carcassonne
Acfred I (died 906) was the Count of Razès from 837 and Count of Carcassonne from 877.

Acfred was the younger son of Oliba I of Carcassonne and part of the Bellonid Dynasty. He inherited Razès on his father's death, while his elder brother Oliba II inherited Carcassonne. Acfred and Oliba probably shared authority with each other in their two counties until the elder's death in 877, when Acfred inherited both counties, probably as the regent for his nephew Bencion I, but actually as count in his own right. Bencion nevertheless succeeded him on his death.

Acfred married Adelinde of Aquitaine, daughter of Bernard Plantapilosa and sister of William I of Aquitaine. He had three sons:

William II of Aquitaine

Acfred of Aquitaine

Bernard III of Auvergne

Bernard Plantapilosa
Bernard Plantapilosa or Bernard II of Auvergne (22 March 841-886), or Plantevelue, son of Bernard of Septimania and Dhuoda, was the Count of Auvergne (as Bernard II) from 872 to his death. The Emperor Charles the Fat granted him the title of Margrave of Aquitaine in 885.

His mother's Liber Manualis mentions that he was born at Uzès in the year following the death of Louis the Pious. He was appointed Margrave of Septimania (or Gothia) before 868. He was the lay abbot of Brioude between 857 and 868 and Count of Autun and from 864 to 869. He was deposed before 876 and replaced by Bernard of Gothia in that year. He returned to favour under Charles the Fat. In the war against Boso of Provence, he obtained the county of Mâcon.
Open XML Paper Specification
Open XML Paper Specification (also referred to as OpenXPS) is an open specification for a page description language and a fixed-document format. Microsoft developed it as the XML Paper Specification (XPS). In June 2009, Ecma International adopted it as international standard ECMA-388.

It is an XML-based (more precisely XAML-based) specification, based on a new print path (print processing data representation and data flow) and a color-managed vector document format that supports device independence and resolution independence. In Windows 8 .xps was replaced with the ECMA standard .oxps format which is not natively supported in older Windows versions.

OpenXPS was introduced by Microsoft as an alternative to Portable Document Format (PDF). However, PDF remained the standard choice, and support for and user familiarity with XPS files is limited. It has been described as neglected technology, which may cause difficulties to recipients of documents in a format they are not familiar with.

Page description language
In digital printing, a page description language (PDL) is a computer language that describes the appearance of a printed page in a higher level than an actual output bitmap (or generally raster graphics). An overlapping term is printer control language, which includes Hewlett-Packard's Printer Command Language (PCL). PostScript is one of the most noted page description languages. The markup language adaptation of the PDL is the page description markup language.

Page description languages are text (human-readable) or binary data streams, usually intermixed with text or graphics to be printed. They are distinct from graphics application programming interfaces (APIs) such as GDI and OpenGL that can be called by software to generate graphical output.
NCHA Derby
The NCHA Derby is the final jewel in the National Cutting Horse Association's Triple Crown; the first being the NCHA World Championship Futurity followed by the NCHA Super Stakes.  The NCHA Derby is open to 4-year-old horses of all breeds, and offers two divisions: the Open and Non-Professional.  The Derby is held as one of the main events during the NCHA Summer Spectacular at Will Rogers Memorial Coliseum in Fort Worth, Texas.

NCHA Triple Crown
The NCHA Triple Crown comprises three major cutting horse aged events beginning with the NCHA Futurity for 3-year-olds, followed by the NCHA Derby for 4-year-olds, and NCHA Super Stakes for 5-year-olds. All three events are held at the Will Rogers Coliseum in Ft. Worth, Texas. The culmination of prize money for all three events in 2008 was in excess of $10 Million, surpassing that of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing.

There have been only 3 NCHA Open Division Triple Crown winners and 1 NCHA NonPro Division Triple Crown winner since the inception of the NCHA in 1946:

Smart Little Lena ridden by Bill Freeman (1982-1983) Open Division

Docs Okie Quixote ridden by Joe Heim (1983-1984) Open Division

Chiquita Pistol ridden by Tag Rice (2002-2003) Open Division

Watch Me Whip ridden by Armando Costa Neto (2015-2016) NonPro Division
Cassandra Wilson
Cassandra Wilson (born December 4, 1955) is an American jazz singer, songwriter, and producer from Jackson, Mississippi. She is one of the most successful female jazz singers and has been described by critic Gary Giddins as "a singer blessed with an unmistakable timbre and attack [who has] expanded the playing field" by incorporating blues, country, and folk music into her work. She has won numerous awards, including two Grammys, and was named "America's Best Singer" by Time magazine in 2001.

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album
The Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album is an award presented at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards, to recording artists for quality works (songs or albums) in the vocal jazz music genre. Awards in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales or chart position".
Popular music in Yugoslavia
Popular music in Yugoslavia includes the pop and rock music of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including all their genres and subgenres. The scene included the constituent republics: SR Slovenia, SR Croatia, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Montenegro, SR Macedonia and SR Serbia and its subunits: SAP Vojvodina and SAP Kosovo. The pop and rock scene was a part of the general Music of Yugoslavia, which also included folk, classical music, jazz etc. Within Yugoslavia and internationally, the phrases ex-YU or ex-Yugoslav Pop and Rock both formally and informally generally to the SFRY period, though, in some cases, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is included, along with Serbia and Montenegro, which existed until 2006 (such as the book title Ex YU rock enciklopedija 1960 - 2006).

Ekatarina Velika
Ekatarina Velika (Serbian Cyrillic: Екатарина Велика, lit. 'Catherine the Great'), sometimes referred to as EKV (Serbian Cyrillic: ЕКВ) for short, was a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band from Belgrade, and was one of the most successful and influential Yugoslav music acts.

Initially called Katarina II (Serbian Cyrillic: Катарина II, lit. 'Catherine II'), the band had built up a devoted following that greatly intensified and expanded after the death of its frontman Milan Mladenović in 1994, which caused the band to dissolve. The group's core consisted of singer and guitarist Milan Mladenović, keyboardist Margita Stefanović and bassist Bojan Pečar, with other members mostly remaining for comparatively shorter periods.
Yuzhnoye Medvedkovo District
Yuzhnoye Medvedkovo District (Russian: райо́н Ю́жное Медве́дково) is a territorial division (a district, or raion) in North-Eastern Administrative Okrug, one of the 125 in the federal city of Moscow, Russia. It is located in the north of the federal city. The area of the district is 3.875 square kilometers (1.496 sq mi). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 81,986.

As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Yuzhnoye Medvedkovo Municipal Okrug.

North-Eastern Administrative Okrug
North-Eastern Administrative Okrug (Russian: Се́веро-Восто́чный администрати́вный о́круг, romanized: Severo-Vostochny administrativny okrug), or Severo-Vostochny Administrative Okrug, is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions (administrative okrugs) of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,359,508, up from 1,240,062 recorded during the 2002 Census.
The Bad Guys (book series)
The Bad Guys is an illustrated children's graphic novel series written by Australian author and former actor Aaron Blabey. It revolves around a gang of anthropomorphic animals known as The Bad Guys, who attempt to perform good deeds to change society's perception of them as criminals.

DreamWorks Animation acquired the rights to the series to make an animated feature film adaptation, which was released in the United States on 22 April 2022. A second film was released in the US on 1 August 2025. It has also spawned a media franchise, including a series of Netflix-exclusive prequels released between the main films.

The Bad Guys (franchise)
The Bad Guys is a media franchise made by DreamWorks Animation, loosely based on the children's book series of the same name by Aaron Blabey. The franchise began with the 2022 film The Bad Guys, and has since grown to include two prequel holiday specials, The Bad Guys: A Very Bad Holiday and The Bad Guys: Haunted Heist, which were released on Netflix in 2023 and 2024 respectively. A sequel, The Bad Guys 2, and a prequel streaming series, The Bad Guys: Breaking In, were released in 2025.

The franchise features the adventures of a gang of humanoid animals who operate as professional criminals in the face of extreme social prejudice against their species. Eventually, they are inspired to strive to change their ways and try to lead normal lives with the secret help of Diane Foxington, a retired criminal formerly "The Crimson Paw" turned State Governor.  However, circumstances force them back to using their criminal skills, albeit in the spirit of more constructive goals.
Asclepius
Asclepius (/æsˈkliːpiəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀσκληπιός Asklēpiós [asklɛːpiós]; Latin: Aesculapius) is a hero and god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology. He is the son of Apollo and Coronis, or Arsinoe, or of Apollo alone. Asclepius represents the healing aspect of the medical arts; his daughters, the Asclepiades, are: Hygieia ("Health, Healthiness"), Iaso (from ἴασις "healing, recovering, recuperation", the goddess of recuperation from illness), Aceso (from ἄκεσις "healing", the goddess of the healing process), Aegle (the goddess of good health) and Panacea (the goddess of universal remedy). He has several sons as well. He was associated with the Roman/Etruscan god Vediovis and the Egyptian Imhotep. The rod of Asclepius, a snake-entwined staff similar to the caduceus, remains a symbol of medicine today. Those physicians and attendants who served this god were known as the Therapeutae of Asclepius.

Pre-Greek substrate
The pre-Greek substrate (or substratum) consists of the unknown pre-Greek language or languages (either Pre-Indo-European or other Indo-European languages) spoken in prehistoric Greece prior to the emergence of the Proto-Greek language in the region c. 3200–2200 BC, during the Early Helladic period. About 1,000 words of Greek vocabulary cannot be adequately explained as derivatives from Proto-Greek or Proto-Indo-European, leading to the substratum hypothesis. According to scholars, Ancient Greek was likely influenced by two types of substrates: one Indo-European, probably an unknown Anatolian language that has been called "Parnassian", and one or several non-Indo-European languages that pre-date the coming of Greeks to the region.
Spalagadames
Spalagadames (Kharosthi: 𐨭𐨿𐨤𐨫𐨒𐨡𐨨 Śpa-la-ga-da-ma, Śpalagadama) was an Iranian king, who ruled Sakastan in the last quarter of the 1st-century BC after his father Spalahores, who was himself possibly a brother of king Vonones. Spalagadames has been suggested by the Iranologist Khodadad Rezakhani to be the same figure as the first Indo-Parthian king Gondophares (r. 19–46 CE).

Spalahores
Spalahores, also spelled Spalohres or Spalahora, (Greek: Σπαλαχόρης Spalakhórēs; Σπαλύρις Spalýris, ϹΠΑΛΥΡΙΟϹ Spalyrios (epigraphic); Kharosthi: 𐨭𐨿𐨤𐨫𐨱𐨆𐨪 Śpa-la-ho-ra, Śpalahora; ruled circa 57-35 BCE), was an Iranian king who ruled Sakastan in the 1st-century BC.