hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gotha (district)
Gotha (German: Landkreis Gotha) is a Kreis (district) in western central Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis, Sömmerda, the Kreis-free city of Erfurt, Ilm-Kreis, Schmalkalden-Meiningen and the Wartburgkreis.

Ilm-Kreis
Ilm-Kreis is a district in Thuringia, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the city of Erfurt, the districts of Weimarer Land, Saalfeld-Rudolstadt and Hildburghausen, the city of Suhl, and the districts of Schmalkalden-Meiningen and Gotha. It is named after the river Ilm, flowing through the district.
Blowing Stone
The Blowing Stone is a perforated sarsen in Kingston Lisle, Oxfordshire, England (grid reference SU32412 87083). The stone is in a garden at the foot of Blowingstone Hill just south of the Icknield Way (B4507), about 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) west of Wantage and about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) east of White Horse Hill.

Blowingstone Hill is part of the escarpment of the Berkshire Downs, at the crest of which is The Ridgeway National Trail.

The Ridgeway
The Ridgeway is a ridgeway or ancient trackway described as Britain's oldest road. The section clearly identified as an ancient trackway extends from Wiltshire along the chalk ridge of the Berkshire Downs to the River Thames at the Goring Gap, part of the Icknield Way which ran, not always on the ridge, from Salisbury Plain to East Anglia. The route was adapted and extended as a National Trail, created in 1972. The Ridgeway National Trail follows the ancient Ridgeway from Overton Hill, near Avebury, to Streatley, then follows footpaths and parts of the ancient Icknield Way through the Chiltern Hills to Ivinghoe Beacon in Buckinghamshire. The National Trail is 87 miles (140 km) long.
Spennithorne railway station
Spennithorne railway station was on the Wensleydale Railway, in North Yorkshire, England.

The station was opened by the Bedale and Leyburn Railway on 19 May 1856, and served the village of Spennithorne. It closed temporarily on 1 March 1917, before reopening on 18 September 1920. It closed permanently on 26 April 1954.

The station consisted of a two-storey station master's house and a single-storey building for the station office and waiting room.  There were no sidings or goods facilities. Mr Francis Johnson was the station master for three years prior to 1908 after which he moved to Scruton railway station. He had a reputation for beautifying the stations under his charge.

The station was 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of Spennithorne, just within the civil parish of Constable Burton.  Business was always likely to be small at this remote location, and in the 30 years to 1914 the station averaged 2,616 passengers a year, with receipts of £289.

Spennithorne
Spennithorne is a village and civil parish in lower Wensleydale in North Yorkshire, England. The village is situated 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of the market town Leyburn, on a slight elevation above the River Ure, which forms the southern boundary of the parish. The village is overlooked by the steeple of St Michael and All Angels Church.

Spennithorne is approximately 4 miles (6 km) east from Yorkshire Dales National Park containing a range of wildlife habitats.

The village was historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Holmen (Drammen)
59°44′13″N 10°13′44″E﻿ / ﻿59.73694°N 10.22889°E﻿ / 59.73694; 10.22889Holmen, formerly also Møllerholmen, is an 0.6 km2 island  at the mouth of the river Drammenselva in Drammen, Buskerud, Norway, and the only remaining island in downtown Drammen.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
Chaudière River
The Chaudière River (French pronunciation: [ʃodjɛʁ]; French for "Cauldron" or "Boiler"; Abenaki: Kik8ntekw) is a 185-kilometre-long (115 mi) river with its source near the Town of Lac-Mégantic, in southeast Quebec, Canada. From its source Lake Mégantic in the Estrie region, it runs northwards to flow into the St. Lawrence River opposite Quebec City.

Sainte-Marie, Quebec
Sainte-Marie (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t maʁi] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality, in Chaudière-Appalaches, Quebec, Canada. It had a population was 13,134 as of the Canada 2021 Census, when 95.7% was French-speaking. It is located 59 kilometres (37 mi) south-east of Quebec City, on the Chaudière River.
WULM
WULM (1600 AM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Springfield, Ohio, United States, and features a Catholic-oriented Christian format as a full-time owned-and-operated outlet of the "Radio Maria" network.

Springfield, Ohio
Springfield is a city in Clark County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located in southwestern Ohio along the Mad River, Buck Creek, and Beaver Creek, about 45 miles (72 km) west of Columbus and 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Dayton. The city had a total population of 58,662 at the 2020 census, while the Springfield metropolitan area had 136,001 residents.

Springfield is home to Wittenberg University, a liberal arts college, and Clark State College, a community college. The Little Miami Scenic Trail, a paved rail-trail that is nearly 80 miles (130 kilometers) long, extends from the Buck Creek Scenic Trail head in Springfield south to Newtown, Ohio. Buck Creek State Park and its Clarence J. Brown reservoir are located at the city limits.
Japan Coast Guard Museum Yokohama
The Japan Coast Guard Museum Yokohama (海上保安資料館 横浜館, Kaijō hoan shiryōkan Yokohama-kan) is a museum in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, dedicated to maritime security and the Japan Coast Guard. It opened on 10 December 2004.

Naka-ku, Yokohama
Naka-ku (中区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. In 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 146,563 and a population density of 7,080 persons per km². The total area was 20.86 km².
Mice Love Rice
"Mice Love Rice" (simplified Chinese: 老鼠爱大米; traditional Chinese: 老鼠愛大米; pinyin: Lǎoshǔ Ài Dàmǐ) is a 2004 Chinese pop song written by a then unknown music teacher Yang Chengang which gained popularity across Asia via the Internet after being posted online. The original free online version was sung by Yang's friend Wang Qiwen.

Xiang Xiang (singer)
Xiang Xiang (Chinese: 香香; pinyin: Xiāng Xiāng; born June 14, 1984) is a Chinese singer. She was reportedly the most popular internet celebrity in China in 2005. Her birth name is Wang Jinmei (Chinese: 王瑾玫; pinyin: Wáng Jǐnméi).

She is perhaps most famous for her song "Song of Pig" (猪之歌), the title track of her first solo album.

Xiang Xiang is also known for remaking the song, Mice Love Rice (老鼠爱大米; Lao Shu Ai Da Mi; by Yang Chengang), turning it into a hit on the Internet.
P.O.D.
P.O.D. (an initialism for Payable on Death) is an American Christian nu metal band formed in 1992 and based in San Diego, California. The band's line-up consists of vocalist Paul Joshua "Sonny" Sandoval, bassist Mark "Traa" Daniels, lead guitarist Marcos Curiel, and drummer Noah "Wuv" Bernardo. They have sold over 12 million records worldwide.

Over the course of their career, the band has received three Grammy Award nominations, contributed to numerous motion picture soundtracks and toured internationally. With their third studio album, The Fundamental Elements of Southtown, they achieved their initial mainstream success; the album was certified platinum by the RIAA in 2000. Their following studio album, Satellite, continued the band's success with the singles, "Alive" and "Youth of the Nation", pushing it to go triple platinum.

When Angels & Serpents Dance
When Angels & Serpents Dance is the seventh studio album by Christian metal band P.O.D., released in 2008. It is the first album to include Marcos Curiel since Satellite and the only P.O.D. album released on Columbia. It also includes Mike Muir from Suicidal Tendencies, Helmet guitarist/vocalist Page Hamilton, guest Gospel Choir, and the Marley Sisters. The album debuted at number 9 on the Billboard 200, selling over 34,000 copies in its first week. It has sold over 200,000 copies worldwide so far. A remixed and remastered version of the album, relabeled under Mascot Records, was released on October 14, 2022.
Institute for Disease Modeling
Institute for Disease Modeling (IDM) is an institute within the Global Health Division of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Established in 2008 as part of the Global Good Fund, a non-profit subsidiary of Intellectual Ventures (IV) funded by Bill and Melinda Gates, IDM has transitioned in mid-2020 to the Gates Foundation.

IDM specializes in mathematical modelling of infectious disease and other quantitative global health research. Its models include malaria, polio, measles, COVID-19 and HIV (with EMOD). IDM releases source code of their stable models to the public. While at IV, the institute was located in Bellevue, Washington. After the outbreak of COVID-19 in Washington State, IDM has transitioned to all-remote work with no physical offices. It will eventually relocate to the Gates Foundation's main office in Seattle.

Intellectual Ventures
Intellectual Ventures is an American private equity company that centers on the development and licensing of intellectual property.  Intellectual Ventures is one of the top-five owners of U.S. patents, as of 2011.  Its business model focuses on buying patents and aggregating those patents into a large patent portfolio and licensing these patents to third parties. The company has been described as the country's largest and most notorious patent trolling company, the ultimate patent troll, and the most hated company in tech.

In 2009, the firm launched a prototyping and research laboratory,  Intellectual Ventures Lab, which attracted media controversy when the book SuperFreakonomics described its ideas for reducing global climate change. The firm also collaborates on humanitarian projects through its Global Good program.
Water transportation
Water transportation is the international movement of water over large distances. Methods of transportation fall into three categories:

Aqueducts, which include pipelines, canals, tunnels and bridges

Container shipment, which includes transport by tank truck, tank car, and tank ship.

Towing, where a tugboat is used to pull an iceberg or a large water bag along behind it.

Due to its weight, the transportation of water is very energy-intensive. Unless it has the assistance of gravity, a canal or long-distance pipeline will need pumping stations at regular intervals. In this regard, the lower friction levels of the canal make it a more economical solution than the pipeline. Water transportation is also very common in rivers and oceans.

Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term aqueduct also often refers specifically to a bridge carrying an artificial watercourse.

Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, the ancient Near East, ancient Rome, ancient Aztec, and ancient Inca. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water.
Chaiyaphum province
Chaiyaphum (Thai: ชัยภูมิ, pronounced [tɕʰāj.jā.pʰūːm]; Northeastern Thai: ไซยภูมิ, pronounced [sa᷇j.jā.pʰu᷇ːm]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), located in central northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima, Lopburi, and Phetchabun.

Lopburi province
Lopburi (Thai: ลพบุรี, RTGS: Lop Buri, pronounced [lóp bū.rīː]) is a province in the central region of Thailand. The province is divided into 11 administrative districts, and Mueang Lopburi district is the capital. With over 720,000 people, the province is Thailand's 31st largest area and 35th most populous. There are eight neighboring provinces, Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Saraburi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Ang Thong, Sing Buri, and Nakhon Sawan.

Lopburi is a significant province historically, where many historical structures, artifacts, and prehistoric settlements have been discovered. In the past, Lopburi was called by the name Lavo.The kingdom had been ruled by an absolute monarch.
Adelanto Elementary School District
Adelanto Elementary School District (AESD) is an elementary and middle school-only school district in San Bernardino County, California. It is headquartered in Adelanto.

It serves Adelanto and portions of Victorville.

Students at the high school level attend Victor Valley Union High School District, with 9–12 students attending Adelanto High School campus on Mojave Road operated by VVUHSD starting in the 2014–2015 School Year.

Victorville, California
Victorville is a city in the Victor Valley in San Bernardino County, California. Its population as of the 2020 census was 134,810.

Victorville is the principal city of a Victor Valley–based urban area defined by the United States Census Bureau: the Victorville–Hesperia–Apple Valley urban area had a population of 355,816 as of the 2020 census, making it the 117th largest in the United States.
Glen Arbor, Michigan
Glen Arbor is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Glen Arbor Township, Leelanau County, Michigan, United States. A small tourist town, Glen Arbor lies on an isthmus between Lake Michigan and Glen Lake. It is adjacent to Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.

Its population was 261 as of the 2020 census, up from 229 at the 2010 census. The community is located along M-22 and the Lake Michigan shore. Glen Arbor has a post office with ZIP code 49636.

Leelanau County, Michigan
Leelanau County (/ˈliːlənɔː/ LEE-lə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,301. Since 2008, the county seat has been located within Suttons Bay Township, one mile east of the unincorporated village of Lake Leelanau. Before 2008, Leelanau County's seat was Leland. Leelanau County is included in the Traverse City metropolitan area of Northern Michigan. The largest settlement in Leelanau County by population is Greilickville, itself a suburb of Traverse City.

Leelanau County is coterminous with the Leelanau Peninsula, a roughly triangular-shaped peninsula that extends about 30 miles (50 km) off Michigan's Lower Peninsula into Lake Michigan. East of Leelanau County is Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan.

In 2011, the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, located in the county, won the title of "Most Beautiful Place in America" in a poll by morning news show Good Morning America.
Rikuchū Province
Rikuchū Province (陸中国, Rikuchū no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɾʲi.kɯ̥ꜜ.tɕɯː (no kɯ.ɲi), -kɯ̥.tɕɯꜜː-]) was an old province in the area of Iwate and Akita Prefectures. It was sometimes called Rikushū (陸州), with Rikuzen and Mutsu Provinces.

Rikuchu covered most of modern-day Iwate Prefecture: with the exceptions of Ninohe District, Ninohe City, the northern portion of Hachimantai City, and the northern portion of Kuzumaki Town; Kesen District, Rikuzentakata City, Ōfunato City, and the southern portion of Kamaishi City; but also including Kazuno City and Kosaka Town in Akita Prefecture.

Rikuchū was created shortly after the Meiji Restoration out of part of Mutsu Province.

Mutsu Province (1868)
Mutsu Province (陸奥国, Mutsu no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [mɯꜜ.tsɯ (no kɯ.ɲi)]), officially called Rikuō Province (陸奥国, Rikuō no kuni) was an old province of Japan in the area of Iwate and Aomori prefecture.

It was also known as Ōshū (奥州) or Rikushū (陸州). In the Meiji era, the province was cut down to cover only present-day Aomori and given the new name Rikuō Province, which retained the original kanji.
Holevo's theorem
Holevo's theorem is a result in quantum information theory. It is sometimes called Holevo's bound, since it gives an upper bound on the accessible information, which is amount of information that can be known about a quantum state. It was first published by Alexander Holevo in 1973.

Von Neumann entropy
In physics, the von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is a measure of the statistical uncertainty within a description of a quantum system. It extends the concept of Gibbs entropy from classical statistical mechanics to quantum statistical mechanics, and it is the quantum counterpart of the Shannon entropy from classical information theory. For a quantum-mechanical system described by a density matrix ρ, the von Neumann entropy is

where  denotes the trace and  denotes the matrix version of the natural logarithm. If the density matrix ρ is written in a basis of its eigenvectors  as

then the von Neumann entropy is merely

In this form, S can be seen as the Shannon entropy of the eigenvalues, reinterpreted as probabilities.

The von Neumann entropy and quantities based upon it are widely used in the study of quantum entanglement.
The Three Treasures of the Giants
The Three Treasures of the Giants is a Slavonic fairy tale collected by Louis Léger in Contes Populaires Slaves.  Andrew Lang included it in The Orange Fairy Book.  Ruth Manning-Sanders included it as "King Johnny" in A Book of Giants.

A Book of Giants
A Book of Giants is a 1963 anthology of 13 fairy tales from Europe that have been collected and retold by Ruth Manning-Sanders. It is one in a long series of such anthologies by Manning-Sanders. It was the first anthology to receive the familiar "A Book of..." title that Manning-Sanders would become notable for. This book was first published in the United Kingdom in 1962, by Methuen & Co. Ltd.  It has been used in schools as a study aid.
Martin Andersen Nexø
Martin Andersen Nexø (26 June 1869 – 1 June 1954) was a Danish writer. He was one of the authors in the Modern Breakthrough movement in Danish art and literature. He was a socialist throughout his life and during the Second World War moved to the Soviet Union, and afterwards to Dresden in East Germany.

Pelle the Conqueror (novel)
Pelle the Conqueror (Danish: Pelle Erobreren) is a Danish novel written by Martin Andersen Nexø. The book was published in four volumes, beginning with Boyhood in 1906, followed by Apprenticeship in 1907 and The Great Struggle in 1909 and concluding with Daybreak in 1910.

The novel follows the character Pelle Karlsson, who immigrates to Denmark from Sweden in 1877 at age eight. At 18, he moves from Bornholm to Copenhagen, and becomes a leader in the labour movement in Denmark, motivated by poor working conditions.
Asher of Stolin (I)
Rabbi Asher Perlow of Stolin (Hebrew: אשר פרלוב מסטולין; Yiddish: דער גרויסער רבי אשר, romanized: Der Groyser Rebbe Asher, lit. 'Rabbi Asher the Elder') (1759 – 27 October 1826) was the son of Rabbi Aharon the Great of Karlin and the third Admor of the Karlin dynasty, and the founder of its Stolin subdynasty.

Karlin-Stolin (Hasidic dynasty)
Karlin-Stolin is a Hasidic dynasty, originating with Rebbe Aaron ben Jacob of Karlin in present-day Belarus, and later expanded to nearby Stolin. One of the first centres of Hasidim to be set up in Lithuania, many Lithuanian Hasidic groups are its offshoots. After the murder of many of its followers by Nazi Germany in the Holocaust, the dynasty continued to exist with followers in Israel, the United States, Russia, England, Canada, and Ukraine.
Coatbridge and Chryston (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Coatbridge and Chryston (Gaelic: Coatbridge agus Chryston) is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering part of the council area of North Lanarkshire. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it has, since 2011, also been one of nine constituencies in the Central Scotland electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole. Following the second periodic review of Scottish Parliament boundaries, Coatbridge and Chryston will form part of the Central Scotland and Lothians West from the 2026 Scottish Parliament election onwards.

The seat has been held by Fulton MacGregor of the Scottish National Party since the 2016 Scottish Parliament election.

Coatbridge North (ward)
Coatbridge North is one of the twenty-one wards used to elect members of the North Lanarkshire Council. It elects four councillors. Covering neighbourhoods in the north of Coatbridge (Blairhill, Cliftonville, Drumpellier, Dunbeth, Gartsherrie, Greenhill, Parklands, Summerlee, Sunnyside, Townhead and the town centre), the ward had a population of 15,146 in 2019.

It was created in 2007 as Coatbridge North and Glenboig, originally covering around twice as much territory between Coatbridge and Condorrat about 4 miles (6.4 km) further north, largely rural and sparsely populated but including the expanding commuter village of Glenboig. A nationwide boundary review in 2017 that recommended more representation for the area overall led to this rural half being placed in a separate new ward (along with Gartcosh and Moodiesburn from the Strathkelvin ward), but the electorate in the existing ward reduced only a slightly as a result and the number of seats was unaffected.
Don Ritchie
Donald Taylor Ritchie OAM (9 June 1926 – 13 May 2012) was an Australian who intervened in many suicide attempts. He officially rescued at least 180 people but his family says he helped save up to 500 people who had intended to attempt suicide at The Gap.

The Gap (Sydney)
The Gap is an ocean cliff at South Head in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The area, which faces the Tasman Sea, is located in the suburb of Watsons Bay. Although the cliff is a popular tourist destination, it has infamy for suicides.
Isaac Pursell
Isaac Pursell (June 1853 – August 9, 1910) was a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based architect.

He was born at Trenton, New Jersey in 1853 and attended public schools.  He received architectural training in the Philadelphia offices of Samuel Sloan.  He was a prolific designer of churches located in the eastern United States. Many of his church designs reflect the English Gothic Revival style.  In Philadelphia, he designed the Christ Memorial Reformed Episcopal Church at Chestnut and 43rd Street; St. Matthews' Lutheran; St.
Paul's Reformed Episcopal; The Calvary Methodist in Germantown (1892); St. Paul's Presbyterian; Moravian Church
of the Holy Trinity (1879); Bethany Tabernacle, and Christ Protestant Episcopal.

He died at his home in Wenonah, New Jersey on August 9, 1910, and is buried in Wenonah Cemetery.

Samuel Sloan (architect)
Samuel Sloan (March 7, 1815 – July 19, 1884) was a Philadelphia-based architect and best-selling author of architecture books in the mid-19th century. He specialized in Italianate villas and country houses, churches, and institutional buildings. His most famous building—the octagonal mansion "Longwood" in Natchez, Mississippi—is unfinished; construction was abandoned during the American Civil War.