hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Chechens in the Russian Empire
Chechnya was first incorporated as a whole into the Russian Empire in 1859 after the decades-long Caucasian War. Tsarist rule was marked by a transition into modern times, including the formation (or re-formation) of a Chechen bourgeoisie, the emergence of social movements, reorientation of the Chechen economy towards oil, heavy ethnic discrimination at the expense of Chechens and others in favor of  Russians and Kuban Cossacks, and a religious transition among the Chechens towards the Qadiri tariqa of Sufism.

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
1953 Maldivian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in the Maldives in August 1953. The proposed amendments would result in the country becoming a sultanate again. This would reverse the outcome of a referendum the previous year, which resulted in the country becoming a republic. The 1953 referendum was held after the new republican government was overthrown after just a few months. The proposals were approved by voters, and Muhammad Fareed Didi was proclaimed as Sultan on 6 March 1954.

Muhammad Fareed Didi
King Muhammad Fareed Didi (Dhivehi: އަލްއަމީރު މުޙަންމަދު ފަރީދު ދީދީ, Al'amīru Muḥanmadu Farīdu Dīdī) KCMG, (January 11 1901 – May 27 1969), the son of the Sultan Prince Abdul Majeed Didi (Al Munthakhab Liarshi Dhaulathil Mahaldheebiyya), was the last Sultan of Maldives and the first Maldivian monarch to assume the title of "King" with the style of "His Majesty". He was the Sultan of the Maldives from 1954, until 1965, and King of the Maldives from 1965, until 1968. He was deposed in 1968 from the throne when the Maldives became a republic, and died the following year in Maldives.
Themis of Rhamnous
The Themis of Rhamnous is a statue found in 1890 in Rhamnous, identified as the goddess Themis and dated to around 300 BCE on the basis of a dedicatory inscription on its base. It is displayed in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens with inventory number 231.

Rhamnous
Rhamnous (Ancient Greek: Ῥαμνοῦς, romanized: Rhamnoûs; Modern Greek: Ραμνούς, romanized: Ramnoús), also Ramnous or Rhamnus, was an ancient Greek city in Attica situated on the coast, overlooking the Euboean Strait. Its ruins lie northwest of the modern town of Agia Marina in the municipality of Marathon.

The site was best known in antiquity for its sanctuary of Nemesis, the implacable avenging goddess, her most important in ancient Greece.

Rhamnous is the best-preserved Attic deme site. It was strategically significant on the sea routes and was fortified with an Athenian garrison of ephebes (young men). A fortified acropolis dominates the two small harbours located on either side of it which have silted up extensively since antiquity, and into which grain was imported for Athens during the Peloponnesian War.

It derived its name from Buckthorn, a thick prickly shrub, which still grows upon the site.
Head of Christ (Correggio)
Head of Christ is a painting in oil on panel by the Italian Renaissance painter Antonio da Correggio, dated 1521. It depicts the head of Christ, wearing the crown of thorns. In the background there is a white cloth showing that the image represents the Veil of Veronica, but Christ's head is given volume through alternate use of light and dark shadows. The painting is in the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles. Correggio was known for creating some of the most sumptuous religious paintings of the period. The Getty Museum considers this artwork as one of the masterpieces of painting held by the museum.

Antonio da Correggio
Antonio Allegri da Correggio (August 1489 – 5 March 1534), usually known as just Correggio (/kəˈrɛdʒioʊ/, also UK: /kɒˈ-/, US: /-dʒoʊ/, Italian: [korˈreddʒo]), was an Italian Renaissance painter who was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sensuous works of the sixteenth century. In his use of dynamic composition, illusionistic perspective and dramatic foreshortening, Correggio prefigured the Baroque art of the seventeenth century and the Rococo art of the eighteenth century. He is considered a master of chiaroscuro.
Iquicha War of 1825–1828
The Iquicha War of 1825–1828 was a rebellion that broke out between 1825 and 1828 between local royalist peasants from Huanta known as Iquichanos and the army of the newly formed Peruvian Republic. The war ended with a Republican victory

Antonio Huachaca
Antonio Huachaca was a Peruvian indigenous peasant and loyalist of the Spanish Empire who fought for Spain during the Viceregal era, and then for the Royalist cause during and after the Peruvian War of Independence, reaching the rank of brigadier general of the Royal Army of Peru. He later took part in establishing the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, eventually holding the title of "Justice of the Peace and Governor of Carhuaucran District" until the Confederation's dissolution in 1839.

After the defeat of Iquicha, Huachaca changed his name to José Antonio Navala Huachaca, with José having been chosen in reference to the name of Antonio José de Sucre and his surname Navala referring to the Peruvian Navy. Finally, after the defeat of his armies, he continued his guerrilla warfare until 1839.
Melle, Deux-Sèvres
Melle (French pronunciation: [mɛl]) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France. On 1 January 2019, the former communes Mazières-sur-Béronne, Paizay-le-Tort, Saint-Léger-de-la-Martinière and Saint-Martin-lès-Melle were merged into Melle.

It is today best known as the home town of Ségolène Royal, the 2007 Socialist candidate for the election of the Presidency of the Republic. The director Laurent Cantet was born here as well as the archaeologist Gaston Deschamps (1861–1931).

Deux-Sèvres
Deux-Sèvres (French pronunciation: [dø sɛvʁ] ⓘ, Poitevin-Saintongese: Deùs Saevres) is a French department. Deux-Sèvres literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a population of 374,878 in 2019.
Lak Si district
Lak Si (Thai: หลักสี่, pronounced [làk sìː]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It is bounded by (from the north clockwise): Don Mueang, Bang Khen and Chatuchak of Bangkok; Mueang Nonthaburi district and Pak Kret district of Nonthaburi province.

The district is served by SRT Dark Red Line (at Thung Song Hong station, Lak Si station and Kan Kheha station) and MRT Pink Line (at Muang Thong Thani MRT station, Chaeng Watthana 14 MRT station, Government Complex MRT station, National Telecom MRT station, Lak Si station and Rajabhat Phranakhon MRT station)

Pak Kret district
Pak Kret (Thai: ปากเกร็ด, pronounced [pàːk krèt]) is a district (amphoe) in the northeastern part of Nonthaburi province, central Thailand. The district is most notable for Muang Thong Thani, Ko Kret and Central Chaengwattana. The MRT Pink Line and Udon Ratthaya Expressway serves part of the district.
Mexico Village Historic District
Mexico Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Mexico in Oswego County, New York.  The district includes 77 contributing buildings and three contributing structures.  There are 33 residential buildings, 23 commercial buildings, and 17 outbuildings.  It includes the central part of the built-up area of the small rural village of Mexico.  Beck's Hotel (1897) is the largest building in the district.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Mexico (village), New York
Mexico is a village located in the town of the same name in Oswego County, New York, United States. The population was 1,531 at the 2020 census. The village is located along New York State routes 3, 69, and 104.
Blue Eye Samurai
Blue Eye Samurai is an adult animated action television series created and written by wife-and-husband team Amber Noizumi and Michael Green, with supervising director and series producer Jane Wu. It was animated and co-produced by French studio Blue Spirit. The first season premiered on Netflix on November 3, 2023. In December 2023, the series was renewed for a second season with a release set for 2026.

Michael Green (writer)
Michael Green is an American writer and producer. In addition to writing for television and comic books, Green has written or co-written several feature film screenplays, including Logan, Alien: Covenant, Blade Runner 2049 (all 2017) and the Hercule Poirot film series (2017–present). For Logan, which he co-wrote with James Mangold and Scott Frank, Green was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
Norvin Green
Norvin Green (April 17, 1818 – February 13, 1893) was an American businessman, physician and politician. He served as president of the Western Union Telegraph Company from 1878 until his death in 1893. He was a founding member and the first president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE), which later became part of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

American Institute of Electrical Engineers
The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) was a United States–based organization of electrical engineers that existed from 1884 through 1962. On January 1, 1963, it merged with the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) to form the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Line 1 (Xuzhou Metro)
Line 1 of the Xuzhou Metro (Chinese: 徐州地铁1号线; pinyin: Xúzhōu dìtiě yī hào xiàn) is a rapid transit line in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province, China. Construction commenced in February 2014, and the line was opened on September 28, 2019. It is the first metro line to open in Xuzhou.

Line 1 runs primarily east-west through Xuzhou's main commercial areas, from Luwo in the west to Xuzhou East railway station in the east. It connects the old city, Bashan area, Chengdong New Area, People's Square, Huaihai Square, and Pengcheng Square. It also connects to both major railway stations in the city.

Xuzhou East railway station
Xuzhou East railway station (Chinese: 徐州东站; pinyin: Xúzhōu dōng zhàn; or Xuzhoudong railway station) is a station dedicated for high-speed railways in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. It is served by the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway and Xuzhou-Lanzhou high-speed railway (Eurasia Continental Bridge passageway).

The new station for high-speed rail services was officially put into use on June 30, 2011. It is located at the approximate halfway point between Beijing and Shanghai on the Beijing-Shanghai railway.
Capparaceae
The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 15 genera and about 430 species. The largest genera are Capparis (about 140 species), Morisonia (87 species), Maerua (70 species), Boscia (30 species), and Cadaba (30 species).

Capparis
Capparis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Capparaceae. It includes about 140 species of shrubs or lianas which are collectively known as caper shrubs or caperbushes. Capparis species occur over a wide range of habitat in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Eurasia, Australasia, and the Pacific.

The genus was included in the family Brassicaceae in the unrevised APG II system.
Cadillac XT5
The Cadillac XT5 (short for Crossover Touring 5) is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by General Motors.  It was introduced at both the Dubai Motor Show and LA Auto Show in November 2015.  The XT5 replaced the Cadillac SRX crossover when it was launched in early 2016.  It is the second model to use Cadillac's new alphanumeric naming scheme (after the CT6) and the first in the Crossover Touring (XT) series.  The XT5 is manufactured at GM's Spring Hill Manufacturing plant. The Chinese-market XT5 is manufactured in Shanghai by SAIC-GM.

As of 2017, the XT5 was Cadillac's best selling model in the United States and globally.

LA Auto Show
The Los Angeles Auto Show, also known as the LA Auto Show, is an auto show held annually at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is open to the public for ten days, filling 760,000 square feet (71,000 m2) of exhibit space. Since 2006 the event is held in November or December.

The LA Auto Show is an OICA sanctioned international exhibition.  It is one of the four major auto shows in North America together with Detroit, Chicago and New York.

The show begins with AutoMobility LA,  a several day press showing.
Midway, Alameda County, California
37°42′53″N 121°33′29″W﻿ / ﻿37.71472°N 121.55806°W﻿ / 37.71472; -121.55806

Midway is an unincorporated community in Alameda County, California, 6 miles (9.7 km) south-southeast of Altamont. It lies at an elevation of 358 feet (109 m).  A post office operated in Midway from 1870 to 1918.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.
Old Dominion Athletic Conference
The Old Dominion Athletic Conference (ODAC) is an intercollegiate athletic conference that competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III. Of its 14 member schools, all but one are located in Virginia; the other full member is in North Carolina. The conference also has three associate members: one in Virginia, one in North Carolina, and one in Washington, D.C. The ODAC is unique in that its membership includes co-ed colleges, women's colleges, and a men's college.

Guilford College
Guilford College is a private liberal arts college in Greensboro, North Carolina. It was founded in 1837 by members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Guilford has both traditional students and students who attend its Center for Continuing Education (CCE).

Guilford's program offerings include such majors as Peace and Conflict Studies and Community and Justice Studies, both rooted in the college's history as a Quaker institution. Its campus has been considered a National Historic District by the United States Department of the Interior since 1990. The college is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
The American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal and an official publication of the American Thoracic Society. It covers research on the structure and function of the respiratory system under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. It was established in July 1989. The founding editors-in-chief were Jerome S. Brody, Robert M. Senior, and Mary C. Williams. John A. Mcdonald served as editor from 1993 to 1998. Kenneth B. Adler (North Carolina State University) served as editor from 2009 to 2016. Paul Schumacker (Northwestern University) served as editor from October 1, 2016, to October 21, 2023. Andrew Halayko (University of Manitoba) assumed the editorship on November 1, 2023.

Andrew Halayko
Andrew John Halayko is Professor of Physiology and Pathophysiology, and a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Lung Pathobiology and Treatment at the University of Manitoba.

He is the Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology.

He was President of the Canadian Thoracic Society from 2016 to 2017.

He has an h-index of 66 according to Semantic Scholar.
Girl's Life
"Girl's Life" is a song by Australian group Girlfriend. The song was released in July 1992 as the group's second single from their debut studio album, Make It Come True. The song peaked at number 15 on the Australian Singles Chart. This song was originally recorded by a short-lived US girl group named Rainbow Girls on their album Girl's Life.

The song used the Spice Girls' eventual catchphrase "girl power". In 2017, band member Robyn Loau said "I remember in the early '90s we met with a big pop manager in the United Kingdom who went off to put together the Spice Girls. I'm not sure how much of meeting us was his blueprint for the Spice Girls. It was interesting they all had a very certain role, which Girlfriend had also. I feel as though we were pioneers, even if we were unaware of it at the time."

Girlfriend (group)
Girlfriend was an Australian girl group formed in 1991. Their debut album Make It Come True was released in 1992 and contained four ARIA top 50 singles, including the number-one hit, "Take It from Me". The group also became recognised for its fashion sense, with their flower hats becoming a symbol of the band; at one point, they had their own clothing line.

After the departure of lead vocalist Robyn Loau, the group changed its name to GF4.
Sonic Unyon
Sonic Unyon is an independent record label based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.  The label has put out releases by bands including Sianspheric, Shallow North Dakota, Eric's Trip, Hayden, Treble Charger, Chore, Frank Black and the Catholics, Teenage Head, Simply Saucer, and Voivod. The label’s current artist roster includes Big Wreck, Danko Jones, The Strumbellas, and Terra Lightfoot.

Eric's Trip
Eric's Trip is a Canadian indie rock band from Moncton, New Brunswick. Eric's Trip achieved prominence as the first Canadian band to be signed to Seattle's flagship grunge label Sub Pop in the early 1990s.

The band had a minor hit in alternative circles with the single "View Master", from the 1994 album Forever Again.
Egå Engsø
Egå Engsø (lit. 'Oak Stream Meadow Lake') is an artificial lake and wetland site located in the north of the town of Aarhus between Vejlby, Risskov and Lystrup. Engsø means 'meadow lake' and Egå means 'oak stream', referring to the stream that drains the lake into the Aarhus bay. The lake area is bordered by the Djursland motorway to the north and the Aarhus-Grenaa railway and the municipal heating pipes from Studstrup Power Station to the south and west.

Lystrup
Lystrup is a suburb of Aarhus, Denmark. It is located 9 km north of Aarhus city centre, west of Egå and the Bay of Aarhus. It had a population of 10,153 (1 January 2025), and is the second most populous urban area of Aarhus Municipality.

The larger local community of Lystrup-Elsted-Elev had a population of 12,034 as of 1 January 2023. Including Hjorthøj, with which the town has gradually merged, the total population of the combined urban area was 15,653.
Abel test
The Abel test is a method developed by the British chemist Frederick Abel (1827–1902) to determine the flash point of a given sample of petroleum in order to ascertain the temperature at which it could safely be stored or used.

The test was mandated by the British Petroleum Act 1879, which fixed the minimum flash point for general and commercial use at 73 °F (23 °C; 296 K).

Frederick Abel
Sir Frederick Augustus Abel, 1st Baronet GCVO KCB FRS (17 July 1827 – 6 September 1902) was an English chemist who was recognised as the leading British authority on explosives. He is best known for the invention of cordite as a replacement for gunpowder in firearms.
John Stockton
John Houston Stockton (born March 26, 1962) is an American former professional basketball player. Regarded as one of the greatest point guards of all time, he spent his entire NBA career (1984–2003) with the Utah Jazz, and the team made the playoffs in all of his 19 seasons. In 1997 and 1998, together with his longtime teammate Karl Malone, Stockton led the Jazz to the franchise's only two NBA Finals appearances, both of which ended in losses to the Chicago Bulls.

Stockton was a ten-time NBA All-Star and holds the NBA records for most career assists and steals by wide margins. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2009 for his individual career, and again in 2010 as a member of the 1992 United States Olympic basketball team. In 1996, he was named one of the 50 greatest players in NBA history. In October 2021, Stockton was again honored as one of the league's greatest players of all time by being named to the NBA 75th Anniversary Team.

1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team
The men's national basketball team of the United States competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, and won the gold medal. Nicknamed the "Dream Team", it was the first American Olympic team to include active professional players from the National Basketball Association (NBA). Team USA defeated its opponents by an average of 44 points during the tournament. The team has often been described as the greatest sports team ever assembled.

The team was collectively inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame in 2009, the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010, and the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017. The Naismith Hall of Fame calls the team "the greatest collection of basketball talent on the planet".  In addition to the team induction, 11 players and three coaches have been inducted individually into the Naismith Hall of Fame.
Wamil Way
Wamil Way is a cricket ground in Mildenhall, Suffolk with two cricket fields, in a picturesque setting beside the River Lark.  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1976, when Suffolk played Huntingdonshire.  The ground hosted its first Minor Counties Championship match in the same year when Suffolk played Norfolk.  From 1977 to present, the ground has hosted 30 Minor Counties Championship matches and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.

The ground has also hosted List-A matches.  The first List-A match played on the ground was between Suffolk and the Lancashire Cricket Board in the 2000 NatWest Trophy.  The ground has hosted 2 further List-A matches involving Suffolk, against the Essex Cricket Board in the 2nd round of the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy and against Nottinghamshire in the 3rd round of the same competition.

In local domestic cricket, the ground is the home of Mildenhall Cricket Club who play in the East Anglian Premier Cricket League.

Mildenhall, Suffolk
Mildenhall is a market town in the civil parish of Mildenhall High, in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is near the A11, and is 37 mi (60 km) north-west of Ipswich. The large Royal Air Force station, RAF Mildenhall, as well as RAF Lakenheath, are located north of the town. Both are used by the United States Air Force and Mildenhall is the headquarters of its 100th Air Refueling Wing and 352nd Special Operations Group. Mildenhall is often seen as the start of The Fens on the south/east.