hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dianthus acicularis
Dianthus acicularis is a species of pink in the carnation family mostly found in the Urals region; eastern European Russia and western Siberia, with some occurrences in Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang in China. A diploid, its resistance to bacterial wilt of carnation and ease of cell line propagation in the laboratory make it useful for breeding ornamental carnations for the cut flower industry.

Dianthus
Dianthus (/daɪˈænθəs/ dy-AN-thəs) is a genus of about 340 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species in north Africa and in southern Africa, and one species (D. repens) in arctic North America. Common names include carnation (D. caryophyllus), pink (D. plumarius and related species), and sweet william (D. barbatus).
Hawker 400
The Hawker 400 (also known as the Beechjet 400) is a light business jet. Initially designed and built by Mitsubishi, it has been further developed and updated by the Beech Aircraft Company, now part of Textron Aviation. A military version, the T-1 Jayhawk was also produced. In total, over 900 Hawker 400s have been delivered. In 2017, Hawker began to offer a manufacturer supported upgrade package known as the Hawker 400XPR. The new modifications are intended to reduce fuel consumption and improve range.

Nextant Aerospace
Nextant Aerospace is a United States–based company specializing in the remanufacturing of business jets.  Founded in 2007, Nextant is the first company to introduce the concept of aircraft remanufacturing to the business jet market.
Ibrahim Mursal
Ibrahim Mursal Warsame (Arabic: إبراهيم مُرسال, born 1990 ) is a Norwegian film director of Sudanese and Somali origins. He is known for writing and directing The Art of Sin, a documentary about openly gay Sudanese artist Ahmed Umar.

Sudan University of Science and Technology
Sudan University of Science and Technology (abbreviated SUST) is one of the largest public universities in Sudan, with ten campuses in Khartoum state. The main campus is located in the so-called Al Mugran area of Khartoum, the confluence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile.
Northern Region, Malawi
The Northern Region is one of the three administrative regions of Malawi, located in the north of the country. It covers an area of approximately 26,200 square kilometres and had a population of 2,420,440 as per the 2018 census. Its regional capital is the city of Mzuzu, which is also the third largest city in Malawi. The common language (lingua franca) of the region is Chitumbuka language which is understood by everyone and every ethnic group in the region.

Historically, the first major ethnic group to strengthen its cultural and political presence in the Northern Region were the Tumbuka people, who established themselves primarily in present-day districts of Mzimba, Rumphi, Karonga, Chitipa and parts of Nkhata Bay.

Livingstonia, Malawi
Livingstonia or Kondowe is a town located in the Northern Region district of Rumphi in Malawi. It is 430 kilometres (270 miles) north of the capital, Lilongwe, and connected by road to Chitimba on the shore of Lake Malawi. Chitumbuka is the predominant language spoken in the area.
Samoa hotspot
The Samoa hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located in the south Pacific Ocean.
The hotspot model describes a hot upwelling plume of magma through the Earth's crust as an explanation of how volcanic islands are formed. The hotspot idea came from J. Tuzo Wilson in 1963 based on the Hawaiian Islands volcanic chain.

In theory, the Samoa hotspot is based on the Pacific Tectonic Plate travelling over a fixed hotspot located deep underneath the Samoan Islands.
The Samoa hotspot has created the Samoan Islands (American Samoa and Samoa), the islands of Uvea or Wallis Island (Wallis and Futuna) and Niulakita (Tuvalu), as well as the submerged Pasco banks and Alexa Bank.

As the Pacific Plate moves slowly over the hotspot, thermal activity builds up and is released in magma plume spewing through the Earth's crust, forming each island in a chain. The Samoa islands generally lie in a straight line, east to west, in the same direction of the tectonic plate 'drifting' over the hotspot.

Macdonald hotspot
The Macdonald hotspot (also known as "Tubuai" or "Old Rurutu") is a volcanic hotspot in the southern Pacific Ocean. The hotspot was responsible for the formation of the Macdonald Seamount, and possibly the Austral-Cook Islands chain. It probably did not generate all of the volcanism in the Austral and Cook Islands as age data imply that several additional hotspots were needed to generate some volcanoes.

In addition to the volcanoes in the Austral Islands and Cook Islands, Tokelau, the Gilbert Islands, the Phoenix Islands and several of the Marshall Islands as well as several seamounts in the Marshall Islands may have been formed by the Macdonald hotspot.
Tlokwe Local Municipality
Tlokwe Local Municipality (before February 2007, Potchefstroom Local Municipality) was a local municipality in Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality, North West Province, South Africa. The seat was Potchefstroom. After the municipal elections on 3 August 2016 it was merged into the larger JB Marks Local Municipality.

The most widely accepted theory on the origin of the name Potchefstroom is that the name is composed of three words: Potgieter, chef and stroom. The first syllable is that of Potgieter, the second from the fact that he was a "chef" or a leader of the emigrants, and the third signifying the Mooi River. The complete name "Potgieter" was gradually shortened to "Pot".

JB Marks Local Municipality
JB Marks Municipality (Tswana: Mmasepala wa JB Marks; Afrikaans: JB Marks Munisipaliteit) is a local municipality within the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality, in the North West province of South Africa. It was established after the August 2016 local elections by merging the Tlokwe and Ventersdorp municipalities.

The municipality was renamed after JB Marks in 2017, following the creation of the new municipality the year before. Other name proposals included Josie Mpama. Marks was born in Ventersdorp while Mpama was born in Potchefstroom.
United States House Committee on Rivers and Harbors
The House Committee on Rivers and Harbors was a U.S. House committee from 1883 until 1946. It was authorized early in the 48th Congress in December 1883, when the committee was given jurisdiction over subjects relating to the improvements of rivers and harbors; it also had the responsibility of reporting the river and harbor bills to the floor.  These functions previously had been handled by the Committee on Commerce.

The committee's jurisdiction changed over time with many additional considerations and jurisdictions and some reductions.  The Rivers and Harbors committee, as well as other committees related to public works were terminated by the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, with their successor being House Committee on Public Works, and currently the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

United States House Committee on Commerce
The United States House Committee on Commerce was a standing committee of the U.S. House from 1819 until 1892; it was established when the previous Committee on Commerce and Manufactures, which has existed since 1795, was split into two different committees.  The committee existed until 1891, when its name was changed to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

Its issues and jurisdictions have variably flowed through several iterations and currently rest within the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce.
Joyuda Lagoon Natural Reserve
Laguna Joyuda, or Albufera de Joyuda, is a brackish lagoon located in the municipality of Cabo Rojo in Puerto Rico. The only lagoon in the western coast of the main island, it is recognized as a dual system for recreation and fishing. However, it is an area of significant value for its flora, endemic and exotic marine fauna, varied reef systems, and exchange of fauna at the mouth of the Río Guanajibo to the north. The neighboring Isla de Ratones and the Punta Ostiones atoll are a refuge for migratory birds and fish. It also serves as a habitat for abundant mollusks and crustaceans in the coast.

Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico
Cabo Rojo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaβo ˈroxo], locally [ˈkaβo ˈχoho]) is a city and municipality situated on the southwest coast of Puerto Rico and forms part of the San Germán–Cabo Rojo metropolitan area as well as the larger Mayagüez–San Germán–Cabo Rojo Combined Statistical Area.
VH-2 (Rescue Squadron)
VH-2 (Rescue Squadron 2) was one of six dedicated Rescue Squadrons of the U.S. Navy during World War II. VH-2 was established in August 1944 and disestablished in November 1945. Unlike the other VH squadrons, VH-2 mostly employed the PB2B Catalina during its wartime operations. Late in the war, the PB2B Catalina was no longer used for open sea rescues, since it had proven less rugged in the open sea than its successor the Martin PBM Mariner. Thus VH-2's primary mission was to "spot" survivors in the water and direct other craft to the site to effect the rescue.  On at least two occasions, VH-2 did effect rescues with open sea landings. VH-2 was credited with the initial spotting, direct rescue, or assistance in the rescue of 96 downed bomber crewman.  After the war, they were assigned the Martin PBM Mariner.

Martin PBM Mariner
The Martin PBM Mariner is a twin-engine American patrol bomber flying boat of World War II and the early Cold War era. It was designed to complement the Consolidated PBY Catalina and PB2Y Coronado in service. A total of 1,366 PBMs were built, with the first example flying on 18 February 1939, and the type entering service in September 1940, with the last of the type being retired in 1964.

A Mariner, otherwise noted for its WW2 and post-War service, was the type that vanished searching for Flight 19. Flight 19 vanished in the Bermuda Triangle; it and the Mariner that searched for it were never found with its 14 crew, though it was thought to have suffered a mid-air explosion. Another noted crash was the 1946 Antarctica PBM Mariner crash in December 1946.
Mauritian Militant Movement
The Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM; French: Mouvement Militant Mauricien; Morisyen: Mouvman Militan Morisien) is a left-wing socialist political party in Mauritius. The party was founded by a group of students in the late 1960s. The MMM advocates a fairer society, without discrimination on the basis of social class, race, community, caste, religion, gender or sexual orientation.

In the general election of 2024, the MMM became the second largest party in the National Assembly of Mauritius with 19 Members of Parliament.

Paul Bérenger
Paul Raymond Bérenger (born 26 March 1945) is a Mauritian politician who served as the fourth prime minister of Mauritius from 2003 to 2005. Bérenger currently serves as deputy prime minister since November 2024 and has previously held the office twice from 1995 to 1997 and 2000 to 2003.

He has served as foreign minister and finance minister, both in two stints, in the governments of Anerood Jugnauth and Navin Ramgoolam. Bérenger, a Catholic Christian of Franco-Mauritian descent, has been the only Christian prime minister of Mauritius, or, more particularly, the only prime minister who has not belonged to the Jugnauth or Ramgoolam families.

He has been Leader of the Opposition on several occasions – from 1983 to 1987, 1997 to 2000, 2005 to 2006, 2007 to 2013, October 2013 to September 2014 and from December 2014 to 2016 when he was replaced by Xavier-Luc Duval. With six stints in the office, Bérenger holds the longest-serving record in this constitutional position.
Falconar SAL Mustang
The Falconar SAL Mustang, also called the 2/3 Mustang and the SAL P-51D Mustang is a Canadian amateur-built aircraft, originally produced by Falconar Avia and introduced in 1969. The aircraft is a 2⁄3 scale replica of the North American P-51 Mustang and is supplied as a kit or as plans for amateur construction.

Since the winding up of business by Falconar Avia in 2019, the plans are now sold by Manna Aviation.

Manna Aviation
Manna Aviation is an Australian aircraft manufacturer based in Toronto, New South Wales, founded by Phil Hale. The company specializes in provision of parts and plans for amateur construction.

The company focuses on plans for wooden aircraft, with the aim of preserving older aircraft designs.
Pērse
The Pērse is a right tributary to the river Daugava in Latvia, flowing through Ērgļi, Pļaviņas and Koknese municipalities. The river crosses roads A6, P79, P80 and the Riga-Krustpils railway line.

The 50-km long Pērse begins in Kārdeces forest in Sausnēja parish.

Daugava
The Daugava (/ˈdaʊɡəvə/ DOW-gə-və), also known as the Western Dvina or the Väina River, is a large river rising in the Valdai Hills of Russia that flows through Belarus and Latvia into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea. The Daugava rises close to the source of the Volga. It is 1,020 km (630 mi) in length, of which 352 km (219 mi) are in Latvia and 325 km (202 mi) in Russia. It is a westward-flowing river, tracing out a great south-bending curve as it passes through northern Belarus.

Latvia's capital, Riga, bridges the river's estuary four times. Built on both riverbanks, the city centre is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the river's mouth and is a significant port.
Leer County
Leer County is an administrative division of Unity State in the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan. The headquarters is in the town of Leer.

In December 2009, traffic police established roadblocks along the road between Panyijar County and Leer and demanded high bribes from travelers who wanted to pass.
In March 2011 the Governor of Unity State, Taban Deng Gai, launched a drive to recruit men for the army. In April, Leer County police were reportedly enrolling young men into the Sudan People's Liberation Army by force, apparently on orders from the County Commissioner, who was in turn obeying the Governor's orders.
On 12 May 2011, landmines on the road from Leer to Bentiu exploded, destroying two vehicles, killing three people, and seriously injuring others. The border of Sudan to the north was blocked, causing shortages of supplies, and there were rumors that militias were moving south through the county.

Leer, South Sudan
Leer (or Ler) is a town in the Leer County of Unity State in the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan. It is the capital of Leer County and was the capital of the former Southern Liech State. It is the most densely populated county in South Sudan.
European Universities Tennis Championships
European Universities Tennis Championships were the first organised in 2004 and have been organised annually since. They are coordinated by the European University Sports Association along with the 18 other sports on the program of the European universities championships.

European University Sports Association
European University Sports Association (EUSA) is an umbrella non-governmental (NGO) non-profit organisation, working in the field of university sport in Europe.

It links national university sport federations, universities, teams, individual competitors, volunteers and other partners in over 40 countries throughout Europe. In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, EUSA suspended the universities from Russia and Belarus and the representatives of the National University Sports Associations from Russia and Belarus from all EUSA events, blocked the organization of EUSA events in Russia and Belarus, and will not call upon the Members of EUSA Committees, Commissions, and Working Groups from Russia and Belarus for future EUSA meetings and activities.
Molise
Molise (UK: /mɒˈliːzeɪ/ mol-EE-zay, US: /ˈmoʊlizeɪ, moʊˈliːzeɪ/ MOH-lee-zay, moh-LEE-zay;Italian: [moˈliːze]) is an administrative region of Italy that covers 4,460.65 km2 (1,722 sq mi), thus being the second smallest region in the country after Aosta Valley; it is located in southern Italy, and has a population of 287,966 as of 2025. Its regional capital is Campobasso, which is also the capital of the Province of Campobasso, one of the two provinces that make up Molise. The other one is the Province of Isernia.

The region was born in 1963 from the division with Abruzzo, with which it formed the region of Abruzzi e Molise.

Molise's small size and relative obscurity led it to become the subject of a popular meme "Molise doesn't exist".

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Spin canting
Some antiferromagnetic materials exhibit a non-zero magnetic moment at a temperature near absolute zero. This effect is ascribed to spin canting, a phenomenon through which spins are tilted by a small angle about their axis rather than being exactly co-parallel.

Spin canting is due to two factors contrasting each other: isotropic exchange would align the spins exactly antiparallel, while antisymmetric exchange arising from relativistic effects (spin–orbit coupling) would align the spins at 90° to each other. The net result is a small perturbation, the extent of which depends on the relative strength of these effects.

This effect is observable in many materials such as hematite.

Antiferromagnetism
Antiferromagnetism is a type of magnetic ordering, just like ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism. In antiferromagnets the individual magnetic dipoles are oriented in a way such that the bulk of the material has a vanishing total magnetization. In the simplest model, as shown in the picture on the right, neighboring moments in an ordered lattice are oriented antiparallel to one another. Since there are multiple ways of arranging magnetic moments on a lattice (especially in three dimensions), there exist various types of antiferromagnetic ordering. The phenomenon of antiferromagnetism was first introduced by Lev Landau in 1933.

Generally, antiferromagnetic order may exist at sufficiently low temperatures, but vanishes at and above the Néel temperature – named after Louis Néel, who had first identified this type of magnetic ordering. Above the Néel temperature, the material is typically paramagnetic.
HMT Bredon
His Majesty's Trawler Bredon (Pennant Number T223) was a Hill class naval trawler that served as an anti-submarine escort trawler during the Second World War.

She was sunk by U-521 on 8 February 1943 while off the Canary Islands. Only 2 members of her crew complement of 43 survived.

Hill-class trawler
The Hill class of Admiralty trawlers was a small class of trawlers built for the British Royal Navy during the Second World War.

The vessels were intended for use as minesweepers and  for anti-submarine warfare, and the design was based on a commercial type, the 1937 Barnett by Cook Welton and Gemmell of Beverley.
The purpose of the order was to make use of specialist mercantile shipyards to provide vessels for war use by adapting commercial designs to Admiralty specifications. In 1940 the Royal Navy ordered eight such vessels from Cook Welton and Gemmell. All saw active service and two were lost in action.
30th Infantry Division (United States)
The 30th Infantry Division was a United States Army unit of the National Guard that served in World War I and World War II. It was nicknamed the "Old Hickory" division, in honor of President Andrew Jackson. The Germans nicknamed this division "Roosevelt's SS". The 30th Infantry Division, involved in 282 days of intense combat over a period from June 1944 through April 1945, was regarded by a team of historians led by S.L.A. Marshall as the American infantry division that had "performed the most efficient and consistent battle services" in the European Theater of Operations (ETO). In the present day, the division's lineage continues as 30th Armored Brigade Combat Team, part of the North Carolina National Guard. The unit's most recent combat deployment was in 2019.

130th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade
The 130th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade is a unit in the North Carolina National Guard.  The unit carries a long lineage that takes it back to the before the First World War.  In 2020, the brigade was deployed for the COVID-19 response.  The brigade responded to Hurricane Florence in 2018 and Hurricane Helene in 2024.
HMS Amethyst (F116)
HMS Amethyst was a modified Black Swan-class sloop of the Royal Navy. She was laid down by Alexander Stephen and Sons of Linthouse, Govan, Scotland on 25 March 1942, launched on 7 May 1943 and commissioned on 2 November 1943, with the pennant number U16. After the Second World War she was modified and redesignated as a frigate, and renumbered F116.

Black Swan-class sloop
The Black Swan class and Modified Black Swan class were two classes of sloop of the Royal Navy and Royal Indian Navy.  Twelve Black Swans were launched between 1939 and 1943, including four for the Royal Indian Navy; twenty-five Modified Black Swans were launched between 1942 and 1945, including two for the Royal Indian Navy; several other ships were cancelled.
Port Salerno, Florida
Port Salerno is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Martin County, Florida, United States. The population was 10,401 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Port St. Lucie Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Treasure Coast
The Treasure Coast is a region in the east of the U.S. state of Florida. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and comprises Indian River, Martin, and St. Lucie counties. The region, whose name refers to the Spanish Treasure Fleet that was lost in a 1715 hurricane, evidently emerged from residents' desire to distinguish themselves from the Gold Coast to the south (the coast along Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami-Dade counties). The Treasure Coast was the most severely affected by Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in 2004, with the damage from the storms exceeding $7 billion (2004 USD).

The Treasure Coast area includes parts of two metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) designated by the Office of Management and Budget and used for statistical purposes by the Census Bureau and other agencies: the Port St. Lucie MSA (comprising St. Lucie and Martin counties) and the Sebastian–Vero Beach, Florida MSA (comprising Indian River County).
St Davids
St Davids or St David's (Welsh: Tyddewi, [tiː ˈðɛwi], lit. "David's house”) is a cathedral city in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It lies on the River Alun and is part of the community of St Davids and the Cathedral Close. It is the resting place of Saint David, Wales's patron saint, and named after him.

St Davids is the United Kingdom's smallest city by population (number of residents within the wider community was 1,751 in 2021) and urban area, but it is not the smallest city by local authority boundary area (which is the City of London). St Davids was given city status in the 12th century. This does not derive automatically, but in England and Wales was traditionally given to cathedral towns under practices laid down in the early 1540s, when Henry VIII founded dioceses. City status was lost in 1886, but restored in 1994 at the request of Queen Elizabeth II.

Whitesands Bay (Pembrokeshire)
Whitesands Bay (Welsh: Porth Mawr) is a Blue Flag beach situated on the St David's peninsula in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Wales. Whitesand Bay, on some maps, located 2 miles (3.2 km) west of St. Davids and 1 mile (1.6 km) south of St Davids Head, has been described as the best surfing beach in Pembrokeshire.