hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Symphony No. 28 (Mozart)
The Symphony No. 28 in C major, K. 200/189k, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is his last piece in the "Salzburg series". The exact date of composition is uncertain because of Mozart's unclear handwriting; the month is clearly November, but the day can be read as 12 or 17, and the year has been read as 1774, but more recent research points to 1773.

The symphony was written early in Mozart's oeuvre, following the example of the twenty-fifth symphony.

C major
C major is a major scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. C major is one of the most common keys used in music. Its key signature has  no flats or sharps. Its relative minor is A minor and its parallel minor is C minor.

The C major scale is:

These are less common and mostly used in jazz. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

On the piano, the C major scale can be played by playing only the white keys starting on C.
Smicrostigma
Smicrostigma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae. It includes two species native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

Smicrostigma viride (Haw.) N.E.Br.

Smicrostigma warmwaterbergense Klak

Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae (/ˌeɪzoʊˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or fig-marigold family, are a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly named ice plants or carpet weeds. The Aizoaceae are also referred to as vygies in South Africa. Some of the unusual  Southern African genera—such as Conophytum, Lithops, Titanopsis, and Pleiospilos (among others)—resemble gemstones, rocks, or pebbles, and are sometimes called living stones or mesembs (short for mesembryanthemums).
Sacramental character
Some Christian denominations believe that a sacramental character, an indelible spiritual mark (the meaning of the word character in Latin), is imprinted by any of three of the seven sacraments: baptism, confirmation, and holy orders.

Conditional sacrament
A conditional sacrament or sacrament sub conditione ("under condition") is in some Christian denominations a sacrament administered "on the condition that the faithful [receiving it is] able and legitimately entitled to receive the sacrament". An example of conditional sacrament is conditional baptism.

Conditional sacraments are practised by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican church, the Lutheran church, and the Methodist church.

Conditional sacraments are usually performed when there is doubt the previous sacrament(s) was (were) performed or valid, as receiving some specific sacraments more than once is considered impossible in the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Winter Garden Theatre (1850)
The first theatre in New York City to bear the name The Winter Garden Theatre had a brief but important seventeen-year history (beginning in 1850) as one of New York's premier showcases for a wide range of theatrical fare, from variety shows to extravagant productions of the works of Shakespeare. Initially known as Tripler's Hall or Metropolitan Hall, it burned down in 1854 and was rebuilt as The New York Theatre. It rose from the ashes under different managers, bearing various names, to become known as one of the most important theatres in New York history. It nearly burned again in November 1864, in a plot hatched by Confederate sympathsizers, and burned to the ground a second time in 1867.

Statue of William Shakespeare (New York City)
William Shakespeare is an outdoor bronze sculpture of William Shakespeare by John Quincy Adams Ward, located in Central Park in Manhattan, New York.

The cornerstone for the statue was laid on April 23rd, 1864, the tercentenary of William Shakespeare's birth. Eight years and one month later, on May 23rd, 1872, the completed statue was unveiled.

Ward based the likeness on the Chandos portrait, the Stratford bust, and the engraved portrait of Shakespeare by Martin Droeshout, on the title page of Shakespeare's the First Folio. The costume was based on one worn by Edwin Booth.

The pedestal for the statue was designed by Jacob Wrey Mould.
Manuel Ruiz de Lopera
Manuel Ruiz de Lopera y Ávalos (13 August 1944 – 23 March 2024) was a Spanish businessman who was owner and chairman of football club Real Betis.

The team's stadium was named after him from 2000 to 2010, when it reverted to its previous name, Estadio Benito Villamarín.

Ruiz de Lopera died on 23 March 2024, at the age of 79.

Real Betis
Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D., known as Real Betis (pronounced [reˈal ˈβetis]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. It plays in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. It currently plays home games at the 70,000-seat Estadio de La Cartuja.

Real Betis won the league title in 1935 and the Copa del Rey in 1977, 2005 and 2022. Given the club's tumultuous history and many relegations, its motto is ¡Viva el Betis manque pierda! (Long live Betis even though they lose!).
Chroma subsampling
Chroma subsampling is the practice of encoding images by implementing less resolution for chroma information than for luma information, taking advantage of the human visual system's lower acuity for color differences than for luminance.

It is used in many video and still image encoding schemes – both analog and digital – including in JPEG encoding.

YCbCr
YCbCr, Y′CbCr, also written as YCBCR or Y′CBCR, is a family of color spaces used as a part of the color image pipeline in digital video and photography systems. Like YPBPR, it is based on RGB primaries; the two are generally equivalent, but YCBCR is intended for digital video, while YPBPR is designed for use in analog systems.

Y′ is the luma component, and CB and CR are the blue-difference and red-difference chroma components. Luma Y′ (with prime) is distinguished from luminance Y, meaning that light intensity is nonlinearly encoded based on gamma corrected RGB primaries.

Y′CbCr color spaces are defined by a mathematical coordinate transformation from an associated RGB primaries and white point. If the underlying RGB color space is absolute, the Y′CbCr color space is an absolute color space as well; conversely, if the RGB space is ill-defined, so is Y′CbCr. The transformation is defined in equations 32, 33 in ITU-T H.273.
Endgame (Star Trek: Voyager)
"Endgame" is the series finale of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager, episodes 25 and 26 of the seventh season and 171 and 172 in the overall series. It was originally shown May 23, 2001, on the UPN network as a double-length episode and later presented as such in DVD collections, but it is shown in syndicated broadcasts as a two-part story.

Borg
The Borg are an alien group that appear as recurring antagonists in the Star Trek fictional universe. They are cybernetic organisms (cyborgs) linked in a hive mind called "The Collective". The Borg co-opted the technology and knowledge of other alien species to the Collective through the process of "assimilation": forcibly transforming individual beings into "drones" by injecting nanoprobes into their bodies and surgically augmenting them with cybernetic components. The Borg's ultimate goal is "achieving perfection".

Aside from being recurring antagonists in the Next Generation television series, they are depicted as the main threat in the film Star Trek: First Contact. In addition, they played major roles in the Voyager and Picard series.

The Borg have become a symbol in popular culture for any juggernaut against which "resistance is futile" – a common phrase uttered by the Borg.
Berdyansk Border Detachment
The Berdyansk Border Detachment (MUN 1491) is a brigade level detachment of the Southern Regional Department of the State Border Service of Ukraine. The detachment guards the Sea of Azov and the "border" with Crimea (occupied by Russia) in two raions (Melitopol Raion and Berdiansk Raion) of Zaporizhia Oblast as well as guarding the Port of Berdiansk and Zaporizhzhia International Airport with a total length of 395.5 km. Due to the Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, its operations along the coast are currently suspended and it currently operates against Russian forces on the frontlines.

State Border Guard Service of Ukraine
The State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (abbr.  SBGSU; Ukrainian: Державна Прикордонна Служба України, romanized: Derzhavna Prykordonna Sluzhba Ukrainy, pronounced [derˈʒɑu̯nɐ prɪkorˈdɔnːɐ ˈsluʒbɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]; abbr. ДПСУ, DPSU) is the border guard of Ukraine. It is an independent law enforcement agency, organized by the Constitution of Ukraine as a military formation, the head of which is subordinated to the President of Ukraine.

The Service was created on July 31, 2003, after the reorganization of the State Committee for Protection of the State Border. During wartime, units of the State Border Guard Service fall under the command of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The State Border Guard Service includes the Ukrainian Sea Guard, which is the country's coast guard. It is also responsible for running Temporary Detention Centres, in which refugees are held.
17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
The 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held on November 17, 2016 at the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas.

The nominations were announced on September 21, 2016. Julio Reyes Copello, Djavan, Fonseca, Jesse & Joy, and Ricardo López Lalinde led with four nominations each. American singer Marc Anthony was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year on November 16, the day prior to the Latin Grammy Awards.

Los Dúo, Vol. 2
Los Dúo, Vol. 2 is the twenty-ninth studio album by Mexican musician Juan Gabriel, released on December 11, 2015. It features artists performing duets with Juan Gabriel.  The album won Album of the Year and Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album at the 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards.
George Kelly (Jacobite)
George Kelly (c. 1680 – October 1762) was an Irish clergyman and Jacobite. A close associate of Charles Edward Stuart, he is notable as one of the Seven Men of Moidart who accompanied Prince Charles to Scotland in July 1745 to initiate the Jacobite rising of that year.

Seven Men of Moidart
The Seven Men of Moidart, in Jacobite folklore, were seven followers of Charles Edward Stuart who accompanied him at the start of his 1745 attempt to reclaim the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland for the House of Stuart. The group included English, Scots and Irish subjects of varying backgrounds linked mostly by their involvement in pro-Stuart intrigues. Although some had military experience, most of the men were relatively elderly by the standards of the time; some were already infirm and little suited to the rigours of campaigning.

The seven accompanied Charles on the French privateer Du Teillay, initially landing on Eriskay; the group later reached the mainland at Borrodale in Loch Nan Uamh, Lochailort, then returned to Borrodale before travelling to Kinlochmoidart. In the early 19th century a row of beech trees was planted at Kinlochmoidart in commemoration of the events.
Bad Bones
John Klinger (14 May 1984 – 20 May 2024) was a German professional wrestler better known by the ring name Bad Bones. Klinger worked internationally as part of independent promotions across Europe, Japan, Israel, and the United States.

WXw Unified World Wrestling Championship
The wXw Unified World Wrestling Championship is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship, contested in the German professional wrestling promotion, Westside Xtreme Wrestling. The championship was established in 2001 as the wXw World Heavyweight Championship, but was later unified with the wXw World Lightweight Championship to create the modern title.
Secret History (TV series)
Secret History is a long-running British television documentary series. Shown on Channel 4, the Secret History brandname is still used as a banner title in the UK, but many of the individual documentaries can still be found on US cable channels without the branding. It can be seen as Channel 4's answer to the BBC's Timewatch. The series returned to Channel 4 on 10 November 2013 after a nine-year break.

Brink's-Mat robbery
The Brink's-Mat robbery was one of the largest robberies in British history, with £26 million (1983) (equivalent to £290 million or $390 million based on the LBMA —The London Bullion Market Association— afternoon Gold Fix October 8, 2025) worth of gold bullion, diamonds, and cash stolen. It occurred at the Heathrow International Trading Estate, London, on 26 November 1983, from a warehouse operated by Brink's-Mat, a former joint venture between US security company Brink's and London-based company MAT Transport. The bullion was the property of Johnson Matthey Bankers Ltd. Micky McAvoy and Brian Robinson were convicted of armed robbery. Most of the gold has never been recovered. Lloyd's of London paid out for the losses, and several shooting deaths have been linked to the case.
Central and Wan Chai Reclamation
Central and Wan Chai Reclamation is a project launched by the government of Hong Kong since the 1990s to reclaim land for different purposes. This includes transportation improvements such as the Hong Kong MTR station, Airport Express Railway & Central-Wan Chai Bypass, as well as public recreation space such as the Central Harbourfront Event Space, Tamar Park and the Hong Kong Observation Wheel.

Hong Kong station
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng) is a station of the MTR metro system in Hong Kong. It is the eastern terminus of the Tung Chung line and Airport Express. It is situated between Man Cheung Street and Harbour View Street, Central, Hong Kong Island, and sits underneath the International Finance Centre (IFC). It opened on 22 June 1998.

The station is connected to Central by a pedestrian subway. The walk between the two stations typically takes three to six minutes. The tunnels, which cross under Connaught Road Central, are equipped with moving walkways. Hong Kong station provides an in-town check-in service for flights departing Hong Kong International Airport and free shuttle bus services to most major hotels in the Central and Wan Chai areas.
Paika
Paika is a small town 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Palai on the Pala-Ponkunnam road of Muvattupuzha - Punalur SH:08, in Kottayam district, Kerala, India. It is part of Meenachil Taluka, known as one of the most fertile agricultural regions of Travancore. This region is part of the mid-lands (adjacent to the high ranges) of south-eastern Kerala. The main income is from agriculture, mostly rubber plantations.

Meenachil
Meenachil is the north-eastern region of Kottayam district in Kerala, south India. The name originates from Meenakshi, the Hindu Goddess. Pala is the main city in Meenachil. The arterial river of the district is also named Meenachil.
Anjaw district
Anjaw district (Pron:/ˈændʒɔ:/) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India. It was created as a district in 2004, by splitting off from  the Lohit district under the Arunachal Pradesh Re-organization of Districts Amendment Act. The district borders China on the north. Hawai, at an altitude of 1296 m above sea level, is the district headquarters, located on the banks of the Lohit River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River. Anjaw is the easternmost district in India. The furthest villages towards the border with China are Dong, Walong, Kibithu and Kaho.

Anjaw is the second least populous district in India (out of 640).

Chaglagam
Chaglagam is a village and the headquarters of an eponymous circle in Anjaw district in India's north-eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh. It is on the bank of the Delei River.

The Chaglagam Circle contains the upper basin of the Delei River, on the border Zayul County of China's Tibet Autonomous Region. It has a population of 1,681 people, distributed in 18 villages, as per the 2011 census. The population consists of primarily Digaro Mishmi people.
Push–pull agricultural pest management
Push–pull technology is an intercropping strategy for controlling agricultural pests by using repellent "push" plants and trap "pull" plants. For example, cereal crops like maize or sorghum are often infested by stem borers. Grasses planted around the perimeter of the crop attract and trap the pests, whereas other plants, like Desmodium, planted between the rows of maize, repel the pests and control the parasitic plant Striga. Push–pull technology was developed at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in Kenya in collaboration with  Rothamsted Research, UK. and national partners. This technology has been taught to smallholder farmers through collaborations with universities, NGOs and national research organizations.

Desmodium uncinatum
Desmodium uncinatum, the silverleaf desmodium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Latin America, and introduced as a fodder to various locales in Africa, India, New Guinea, Australia and Hawaii. Although chiefly a fodder, it can also be used for pasture, deferred feed, cut-and-carry, hay, ground cover, and mulch. It is considered invasive in Australia and Hawaii.

This species of Desmodium has also found use in the push-pull technology for pest management where it is grown as an intercrop between rows of a cereal crop to control stem-boring insects and fall armyworms. Together with D. intortum (greenleaf desmodium) they are the most common two intercrops of push-pull technology.
Flux-cored arc welding
Flux core

Tubular electrode

Shield gas

Fusion

Base metal

Weld metal

Solidified slag

Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW or FCA) is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process.  FCAW requires a continuously-fed consumable tubular electrode containing a flux and a constant-voltage or, less commonly, a constant-current welding power supply.  An externally supplied shielding gas is sometimes used, but often the flux itself is relied upon to generate the necessary protection from the atmosphere, producing both gaseous protection and liquid slag protecting the weld.

Arc welding
Arc welding is a welding process that is used to join metal to metal by using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals, when cool, result in a joining of the metals. It is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between a metal stick ("electrode") and the base material to melt the metals at the point of contact. Arc welding power supplies can deliver either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current to the work, while consumable or non-consumable electrodes are used.

The welding area is usually protected by some type of shielding gas (e.g. an inert gas), vapor, or slag. Arc welding processes may be manual, semi-automatic, or fully automated. First developed in the late part of the 19th century, arc welding became commercially important in shipbuilding during the Second World War. Today it remains an important process for the fabrication of steel structures and vehicles.
Scilicet (journal)
Scilicet is an academic journal that was established in 1968 by Jacques Lacan as the official French-language journal of the École Freudienne de Paris. Published by Éditions du Seuil, it appeared intermittently until the double issue of 1976. The title was revived in 2006 to distribute preparatory texts for the congresses of the World Association of Psychoanalysis and is now published in both French and Spanish. The new series began with a digital volume and has since extended to four print volumes.

World Association of Psychoanalysis
The World Association of Psychoanalysis (WAP) is an organisation dedicated to promoting the development of psychoanalysis across the world. It follows the teaching of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, and was launched at the initiative of his student and son-in-law Jacques-Alain Miller in Buenos Aires on 3 January 1992. It was then officially declared in Paris four days later. Its statutes are modelled on Lacan's "Founding Act" and adopt the principles outlined in his "Proposition]]" about the Pass.
Jimmy Smith (musician)
James Oscar Smith (December 8, 1928 – February 8, 2005) was an American jazz musician who helped popularize the Hammond B-3 organ, creating a link between jazz and 1960s soul music.

In 2005, Smith was awarded the NEA Jazz Masters Award from the National Endowment for the Arts, the highest honor that America bestows upon jazz musicians.

NEA Jazz Masters
The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) every year honors up to seven jazz musicians with Jazz Master Awards. The National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Fellowships are the self-proclaimed highest honors that the United States bestows upon jazz musicians. The award is usually given late in a performer's career after they have long established themselves.
Jørgen Tandberg Ebbesen
Jørgen Tandberg Ebbesen (11 December 1812 – 16 July 1887) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

Jørgen Tandberg Ebbesen was born in Fredrikstad as the son of Hans Christian Ebbesen (1774–1858) and Abigael Marie Bing (1785–1815). In July 1838 he married Henriette Sophie Frisak (1811–1888). They had several children. The next year he graduated with the cand.med. degree, moving to Sandefjord in 1839 to work as a physician.

Their daughter Margrethe married military officer Sophus Christensen. Their daughter Hanna Magdalene Frisak Ebbesen married Johan Christian Tandberg Castberg and was the mother of Johan Castberg, whereas their son Just Bing Ebbesen became a priest and politician.

Ebbesen was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway during the term 1877–1879, representing the constituency of Laurvig og Sandefjord. On the local level he was mayor of Sandefjord for eleven years.

He died in 1887 in Sandefjord.

Johan Christian Tandberg Castberg
Johan Christian Tandberg Castberg (13 October 1827 – 8 December 1899) was a Norwegian politician. Spending his professional life as a customs surveyor, he was mayor of the cities Brevik and Skien, and served three terms in the Norwegian Parliament. He also founded the newspaper Varden, and was editor-in-chief for many years.
Vermont Route 105
Vermont Route 105 (VT 105) is a 98.135-mile-long (157.933 km) state highway located in northern Vermont in the United States. The route runs from U.S. Route 7 (US 7) in St. Albans in the west to the New Hampshire state line in Bloomfield in the east. The road continues across the state line as Bridge Street, a short unnumbered  New Hampshire state route to US 3 in North Stratford, New Hampshire. As it is not a New Hampshire state highway, the connection is signed with Vermont state highway signage, similar to how connections to Vermont state routes are indicated elsewhere in New Hampshire.

Moose are most often encountered on four roads in Vermont, of which this is one. They are seen from Island Pond to Bloomfield.

Richford, Vermont
Richford is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States, located along the Canada–United States border. The population was 2,346 at the 2020 census.

Richford is the birthplace of R. G. LeTourneau, an industrialist who founded LeTourneau University in Longview, Texas.

Richford is the eastern terminus of the Missisquoi Valley Rail-Trail.