hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jan Łukasiewicz
Jan Łukasiewicz (Polish: [ˈjan wukaˈɕɛvit͡ʂ] ⓘ; 21 December 1878 – 13 February 1956) was a Polish logician and philosopher who is best known for Polish notation and Łukasiewicz logic.  His work centred on philosophical logic, mathematical logic and history of logic.  He thought innovatively about traditional propositional logic, the principle of non-contradiction and the law of excluded middle, offering one of the earliest systems of many-valued logic. Contemporary research on Aristotelian logic also builds on innovative works by Łukasiewicz, which applied methods from modern logic to the formalization of Aristotle's syllogistic.

The Łukasiewicz approach was reinvigorated in the early 1970s in a series of papers by John Corcoran and Timothy Smiley that inform modern translations of Prior Analytics by Robin Smith in 1989 and Gisela Striker in 2009. Łukasiewicz is regarded as one of the most important historians of logic.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
South Boardman, Michigan
South Boardman is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Kalkaska County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  At the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 536.  South Boardman is located within Boardman Township.

Kalkaska County, Michigan
Kalkaska County (/kælˈkæskə/ kal-KASS-kə) is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,939. The county seat is Kalkaska.

Kalkaska County is part of the Traverse City metropolitan area. Although it is located in Michigan's Lower Peninsula, Kalkaska County is considered part of Northern Michigan.
Chignolo Po
Chignolo Po (Italian: [kiɲˈɲɔːlo ˈpɔ]; Pavese: Chignoeu [kiˈɲøː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 45 km southeast of Milan and about 25 km east of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3502 and an area of 23.1 km².

The municipality of Chignolo Po contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Alberone, Lambrinia, and Bosco.

Chignolo Po borders the following municipalities: Badia Pavese, Miradolo Terme, Monticelli Pavese, Orio Litta, Rottofreno, San Colombano al Lambro, Santa Cristina e Bissone.

Orio Litta
Orio Litta (Lodigiano: Vori) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Lodi. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,982 and an area of 9.9 square kilometres (3.8 sq mi).

Orio Litta borders the following municipalities: Livraga, San Colombano al Lambro, Ospedaletto Lodigiano, Senna Lodigiana, Chignolo Po, Calendasco, Monticelli Pavese.
Pirx (crater)
Pirx is a 90 km (55.9 miles) wide impact crater on Pluto's natural satellite Charon, discovered in 2015 by the New Horizons spacecraft as it performed its flyby of Pluto and its system of moons. It is located in at 55°12′N 256°11′E﻿ / ﻿55.2°N 256.18°E﻿ / 55.2; 256.18﻿ (Pirx). The crater is located near Charon's north pole.

Pirx is named after Pilot Pirx, the main character in a series of short stories by Stanislaw Lem. The name was approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 11 April 2018.

Pilot Pirx
Pilot Pirx is a fictional character introduced in 1966 in the science fiction stories of Polish writer Stanisław Lem: ten short stories (published in English in two parts, 1979's Tales of Pirx the Pilot and 1982's More Tales of Pirx the Pilot). Later he appeared in the novel Fiasco.

In the stories, Pirx is progressively depicted as a spaceship cadet, simply Pirx (which hurts his feelings because he had already become pilot and he'd rather be addressed as "pilot Pirx"), beginner pilot, a seasoned pilot, navigator, and finally, captain (komandor).

In 7 of the 10 stories Pirx acts in the role of Sherlock Holmes, to investigate mysterious events.

The last appearance of Pirx is in the first half of Lem's later novel Fiasco. The identity of the protagonist in the second half is never firmly established, but Pirx is one of the two possibilities. The bulk of the novel is set much further in the future, and it is vastly different from Lem's previous works.
Rayleigh railway station
Rayleigh railway station is on the Shenfield to Southend Line in the East of England, serving the town of Rayleigh, in Essex. It lies 33 miles 9 chains (53.29 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street, and is situated between Wickford to the west and Hockley to the east. Each of the two platforms has an operational length for 12-coach trains.

Rayleigh, Essex
Rayleigh /ˈreɪliː/ is a market town and civil parish in the Rochford District of Essex, England. It lies between Chelmsford and Southend-on-Sea, 32 miles (51 km) east of central London. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 32,248 and the built up area had a population of 32,380.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Mills County, Texas
Three properties in Mills County, Texas, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Two properties together are part of a State Antiquities Landmark and are each Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks. The remaining property is also a State Antiquities Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 20, 2025.

Mills County, Texas
Mills County is located in Texas, United States. It was created on March 15, 1887, from parts of four existing counties in Central Texas—Brown, Comanche, Hamilton, and Lampasas—and named after John T. Mills.  The 2020 census reported a population of 4,456. Its county seat is Goldthwaite. A long-time resident of the county quipped that residing here is the closest a person could get to living in Mayberry.
Seicho-No-Ie
Seicho-No-Ie (Japanese: 生長の家, Hepburn: Seichō-no-Ie; "House of Growth") is a syncretic, monotheistic, New Thought Japanese new religion that has spread since the end of World War II in Asia. It emphasizes gratitude for nature, the family, ancestors and, above all, religious faith in one universal God. Seichō no Ie is the world's largest New Thought group. By the end of 2010 it had over 1.6 million followers and 442 facilities, mostly located in Japan, Brazil, and the United States.

Uji
Uji (宇治市, Uji-shi) is a city on the southern outskirts of the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.

Founded on March 1, 1951, Uji is between the two ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto. The city sits on the Uji River, which has its source in Lake Biwa.

As of 1 October 2020 Uji has a population of 179,630 and is the second largest city in Kyoto Prefecture. It has an area of 67.54 km2, giving it a population density of 2,660 persons per km2.
War Aircraft Replicas International
War Aircraft Replicas International, Inc. is an American aircraft manufacturer, originally located in Brandon, Florida and now Tulsa, Oklahoma, that specializes in kit built replica aircraft of World War II fighters.

The company was founded in California by Warren Erberspacher, Jim Kern, and Ken Thoms after collaborating on the Johnathan Livingston Seagull biplane racer of 1973. The founders were inspired by the scale fighter designs of Marcel Jurca of France, as well as the KR-1 wood and fiberglass construction.

W.A.R. FW-190
The W.A.R. FW-190 is a half-scale homebuilt replica of a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter. In July 1973, War Aircraft Replicas International of Santa Paula, California began design of an approximately half-scale replica of the Fw 190, the first of a series of replicas of World War II aircraft using similar constructional techniques. The first prototype made its maiden flight on 21 August 1974.
Efraín Forero Triviño
Efraín Forero Triviño (4 March 1930 – 12 September 2022) was a Colombian road racing cyclist.

Forero or El Zipa as he was known was involved in the organisation of the first Vuelta a Colombia. He was chosen to ride between the cities of Fresno and Manizales, via Páramo de Letras, as a preliminary race, and to define the route of the tour. The following year, 1951, the first Vuelta a Colombia took place. It was a 1,233 kilometers race which was divided in 10 stages, including 3 days off. Forero won this first Vuelta a Colombia. He won seven stages along the way. He would win a further three stages and would finish 4th overall in 1953 and 1954, as well as second overall in the 1957 Vuelta a Colombia behind Spaniard José Gómez del Moral.

Vuelta a Colombia
The Vuelta a Colombia (Spanish for Tour of Colombia) is an annual cycling road race, run over many stages throughout different regions in Colombia and sometimes Venezuela and Ecuador during the first days of August. It is organized by the Colombian Cycling Federation, and is currently held as a category 2.2 event on the UCI America Tour.
Hirth F-36
The Hirth F-36 is a single-cylinder, two-stroke, carburetted aircraft engine designed for use on ultralight aircraft, especially powered paragliders and ultralight trikes. It is noted for its extremely small equipped weight of 28 lb (13 kg) including exhaust system, reduction drive and carburetor. It is manufactured by Hirth of Germany.

The F-36 was formerly known as the Solo 210, before the design was purchased by Hirth.

Hirth
Hirth Engines GmbH is an engine manufacturer based in Benningen, Germany. It is currently a part of the UMS Aero Group. Hirth began manufacturing aero engines in the 1920s, was taken over by Heinkel in WWII to develop the Heinkel-Hirth jet engines, and today specialises in small two-stroke engines for light aircraft and other applications.
Hypostomus latirostris
Hypostomus latirostris is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay. The species reaches 26 cm (10.2 inches) in total length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. While initially described by Charles Tate Regan in 1904, it was redescribed in 2018 by Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki, Hugmar Pains da Silva, and Waldo Pinheiro Troy alongside the description of the species Hypostomus renestoi.

Hypostomus renestoi
Hypostomus renestoi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the upper Paraguay River basin in Brazil. The species was described in 2018 by Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki, Hugmar Pains da Silva, and Waldo Pinheiro Troy alongside the redescription of Hypostomus latirostris. FishBase does not list this species.
Renshi
Renshi (連詩, renshi, "linked poetry") is a form of collaborative poetry pioneered by Makoto Ōoka in the 1980s. It is a development of traditional Japanese renga and renku, but unlike these it does not adhere to traditional strictures on length, rhythm, and diction. Renshi are typically composed by a group of Japanese and foreign poets collaborating in the writing process in sessions lasting several days. In addition to Ooka, poets who have participated in renshi include James Lasdun, Charles Tomlinson, Hiromi Itō, Shuntarō Tanikawa, Jerome Rothenberg, Joseph Stanton, Wing Tek Lum, Karin Kiwus and Mikirō Sasaki.

Collaborative poetry
Collaborative or collective poetry is an alternative and creative technique for writing poetry by more than one person. The principal aim of collaborative poetry is to create poems with multiple collaborations from various authors. In a common example of collaborative poetry, there may be numerous authors working in conjunction with one another to try to form a unified voice that can still maintain their individual voices.
Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park
The Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park (Hifahdi ya Taifa ya Jozani na Ghuba la Chwaka, in Swahili) is a national park in Tanzania, with the IUCN category II and UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme located within Kusini District of the South Zanzibar Region of Tanzania.  It is the only national park in Zanzibar.

Zanzibar red colobus
The Zanzibar red colobus (Piliocolobus kirkii) is a species of red colobus monkey endemic to Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago, off the coast of Tanzania. It is also known as Kirk's red colobus after Sir John Kirk, the British Resident of Zanzibar who first brought it to the attention of zoological science. It is now classified as an endangered species and in the mid-1990s was adopted as the flagship species for conservation in Zanzibar. The population is still decreasing, and  conservationists are attempting to work with the local government to devise a proper, effective strategy to protect the population and habitat. Challenges include the species' habitat, which is limited to the archipelago. The species has been reclassified three times; it was previously in the genus Colobus, then in the genus Procolobus, and later in the genus Piliocolobus.
Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse
Henry II of Hesse (German: Heinrich; c. 1299 – 3 June 1376), called "the Iron", was Landgrave of Hesse from 1328–1376.

Henry was the son of Otto I, Landgrave of Hesse and Adelheid of Ravensburg. With his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia, daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen, he had five children:

Otto the Younger (1322c-1366)

Adelheid (1323/24-1370) later wife of Casimir III of Poland

Elisabeth [1329c-1390] later wife of Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen

Jutta/Judith; died in infancy

Margarethe, a nun in Haidau monastery

When Henry's son Otto died in 1366, his nephew Hermann was named co-regent. This caused fighting to break out with Otto of Brunswick.  To defray the costs of the conflict with Brunswick, Henry levied a tax on all imported goods.

Adelaide of Hesse
Adelaide of Hesse (Polish: Adelajda Heska, German: Adelheid von Hessen; after 1323 – after 26 May 1371) was a noble of the House of Hesse by birth and the queen consort of Poland by marriage to Casimir III of Poland. She was the eldest daughter of Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse, and his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia (1306–1367), daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen.
Russ Fulcher
Russell Mark Fulcher (born March 9, 1962) is an American businessman and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Idaho's 1st congressional district since 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he represented the 21st district in the Idaho Senate from 2005 to 2012 and the 22nd district from 2012 until 2014.

Fulcher ran for governor of Idaho in 2014, unsuccessfully challenging incumbent Butch Otter in the primary. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2018, succeeding incumbent Raúl Labrador, who retired from Congress to run, unsuccessfully, for governor of Idaho.

Fulcher is a member of the Freedom Caucus.

Meridian, Idaho
Meridian is a city located in Ada County, Idaho, United States. The population was 117,635 at the 2020 census, making it the 2nd most populous city in the county and Idaho after Boise, the state capital. Meridian is considered the state's fastest-growing city and among the fastest-growing cities in the United States.
Timur Eshba
Timur Eshba is a former Minister for Agriculture of Abkhazia. He was appointed by President Raul Khajimba on 8 April 2015 into the cabinet of new prime minister Artur Mikvabia, succeeding Rafik Otyrba. On 24 August 2016, Mikvabia was replaced as prime minister by Beslan Bartsits, and veteran politician Daur Tarba was given Eshba's former portfolio.

Rafik Otyrba
Rafik Otyrba is a former Minister for Agriculture of Abkhazia. Otyrba was appointed on 15 October 2014 by newly elected President Raul Khajimba. On 8 April 2015, following the resignation of Prime Minister Beslan Butba, Otyrba was replaced by Timur Eshba.
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega−6 fatty acid 20:4(ω−6), or 20:4(5,8,11,14). It is a precursor in the formation of leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

Together with omega−3 fatty acids and other omega−6 fatty acids, arachidonic acid provides energy for body functions, contributes to cell membrane structure, and participates in the synthesis of eicosanoids, which have numerous roles in physiology as signaling molecules.

It was named after the similarly structured Arachidic acid, a constituent of peanut oil whose name in turn derives from the ancient Greek neologism arachis 'peanut'. Peanut oil does not contain any arachidonic acid, itself. Arachidonate is the name of the derived carboxylate anion (conjugate base of the acid), salts, and some esters.

Polyunsaturated fat
In biochemistry and nutrition, a polyunsaturated fat is a fat that contains a polyunsaturated fatty acid (abbreviated PUFA), which is a subclass of fatty acid characterized by a backbone with two or more carbon–carbon double bonds.
Some polyunsaturated fatty acids are essentials. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors to and are derived from polyunsaturated fats, which include drying oils.
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu
The Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress Award – Telugu is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Telugu films in India. The award was introduced and first given at the 50th Filmfare Awards South in 2002.

Amala Akkineni
Amala Akkineni (born 12 September 1967) is an Indian actress, Bharatanatyam dancer, and activist. She has predominantly worked in Tamil films, in addition to Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam, and Kannada-language films. She was a leading actress in the Tamil film industry from 1986 to 1992 and has appeared in many blockbusters in Tamil and other languages. She has won two Filmfare Awards South, namely Best Actress – Malayalam for the 1991 film Ulladakkam and Best Supporting Actress – Telugu for the 2012 film Life Is Beautiful. Amala is the co-founder of Blue Cross of Hyderabad, a non-government organisation (NGO) in Hyderabad, India, which works towards the welfare of animals and preservation of animal rights in India.
Nanao Castle (Iwami)
Nanao Castle (七尾城, Nanao jō) was a Muromachi period yamajiro-stype Japanese castle located in what is now the city of Masuda, Shimane Prefecture, in the San'in region of western Japan. Its ruins been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 2004 together with the Miyake Odoi fortified residence as the "Masuda clan fortification ruins".

Masuda, Shimane
Masuda (益田市, Masuda-shi) is a city located in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 43,885 in 21,249 households and a population density of 60 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 733.19 square kilometres (283.09 sq mi).
South Molton (UK Parliament constituency)
South Molton was a parliamentary constituency centred on the small town of South Molton in Devon, in the South West of England.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1950 general election, when it was largely replaced by Torrington.

South Molton
South Molton is a town and civil parish in the North Devon district, in the county of Devon, England. The town is on the River Mole. In 2021 it had a population of 6225.

South Molton is a market town trading mostly in sheep and cattle. There was a railway station on the Devon and Somerset Railway until 1966, when the branch line was closed. It is situated on the southern side of Exmoor just off the A361 North Devon link road, which in part follows the route of the railway line.
Santosh Anand
Santosh Anand (born 5 March 1929) is an Indian lyricist who attained success in the 1970s, earning the Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist twice in 1975 and 1983. He has also been awarded the Yash Bharti Award in 2016. He studied library science at Aligarh Muslim University

Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Laxmikant–Pyarelal (also known as L-P) were an Indian composer duo, consisting of Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar (1937–1998) and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (born 1940). In their career span, stretching from 1963 to 1998, they composed music for about 750 movies, working with several prominent film-makers.
Starship Hospital
36°51′35″S 174°46′12″E﻿ / ﻿36.8596°S 174.7699°E﻿ / -36.8596; 174.7699

Starship Children's Hospital is a public children's hospital in Auckland, New Zealand. Opened on 18 November 1991, it was one of the first purpose-built children's hospitals in New Zealand, and is the largest such facility in the country. Although a separate facility, it is located on the same grounds as the Auckland City Hospital in Grafton, Auckland, and is adjacent to the Auckland Medical School.

On 1 July 2022 Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand and Te Aka Whai Ora – Māori Health Authority became New Zealand's new national health authorities and Starship became part of Health New Zealand.

There are more than 140,000 patient visits to Starship Child Health each year including around 1000 outreach clinics where Starship clinicians offer specialist consultation and support to their peers all around New Zealand.

Grafton, New Zealand
Grafton is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. The suburb is named for the Duke of Grafton, a patron of the first Governor of New Zealand, William Hobson, and the grandfather of a subsequent Governor, Robert FitzRoy. Once known as 'Grafton Heights', denoting its history as a well-off suburb in Auckland's earliest decades.
U8 (Berlin U-Bahn)
U8 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn. It has 24 stations and is 18.1 km (11.2 mi) long. The U8 is one of three north–south Berlin U-Bahn lines (U6, U9), and runs from Wittenau to Neukölln via Gesundbrunnen. The original proposal was for a suspended monorail like the Wuppertal Schwebebahn.

Paracelsus-Bad (Berlin U-Bahn)
Paracelsus-Bad is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U8.
Designed by R.G. Rümmler and opened in 1987, it was named after the philosopher Paracelsus and the nearby bath bearing his name. The walls are covered with white tiles and black borders, and also several pictures with bathing scenes. The columns are also covered with black and white panels, playing with old architecture of baths.
Chain of Gold
Chain of Gold is a young adult-urban fantasy-novel by Cassandra Clare. It is the first book in The Last Hours, which is chronologically second in The Shadowhunter Chronicles. The book follows the events that occur in the London area in 1903, focusing on the residents of the London Institute. The chapter titles, like in The Infernal Devices, are all taken from poetry of the Victorian and Edwardian era that the characters would be familiar with, and the book title was taken from the Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations.

The Shadowhunter Chronicles
The Shadowhunter Chronicles is a media franchise based on the writings of American young adult fiction writer Cassandra Clare, which currently encompasses six series of novels, three short-story collections, five graphic novels, one film, a television series, and other media.

These works are set in a universe where fairy tales and mythologies, both pagan and Judeo-Christian, exist with its figures existing alongside the mundanes (normal humans). A race of humans who possess angel blood, the Nephilim or Shadowhunters, is organized to patrol the Shadow World and prevent demons as well as Downworlders, including warlocks, faeries, werewolves, and vampires, from attacking the mundanes. There is an uneasy peace, a treaty known as The Accords, between the governing body of the Nephilim, known as the Clave, and the Downworlders, not all of whom want peace or respect the Clave's authority.