hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Penn State Fayette
Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus is a commonwealth campus of the Pennsylvania State University and located in Lemont Furnace, Pennsylvania. The campus serves students from the southwestern corner of Pennsylvania covering a five-county area that includes all or parts of Fayette, Greene, Somerset, Washington, and Westmoreland counties. The campus also enrolls students from other states and maintains a small international student population. Students at Penn State Fayette can complete the first two years of most of majors available in the Penn State system along with the entirety of six bachelor's degree and eight associate degree programs. In May 2025, Penn State officials that the campus will close after the spring 2027 semester, citing low enrollment and financial losses.

Pennsylvania State University Commonwealth Campuses
The Pennsylvania State University is a geographically-dispersed university with campuses located throughout Pennsylvania. While the administrative hub of the university is located at its flagship campus in Penn State University Park, the 19 additional Commonwealth Campuses together enroll 37 percent of Penn State's undergraduate student population.
LaGrange County, Indiana
LaGrange County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 40,446. The county seat is LaGrange, Indiana. The county is located in the Northern Indiana region known as Michiana and is about 55 miles (89 km) east of South Bend, 105 miles (169 km) west of Toledo, Ohio, and 175 miles (282 km) northeast of Indianapolis. The area is well known for its large Amish population.  For that reason, the county teams up with neighboring Elkhart County to promote tourism by referring to the area as Northern Indiana Amish Country. About half of LaGrange County is Amish, and it is home to the third-largest Amish community in the United States, which belongs to the Elkhart-LaGrange Amish affiliation.

Noble County, Indiana
Noble County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 47,457. The county seat is Albion. The county is divided into 13 townships which provide local services. Noble County comprises the Kendallville, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Fort Wayne-Huntington-Auburn, IN Combined Statistical Area.
Sir Vival
The Sir Vival was a concept car created by Walter C. Jerome of Worcester, Massachusetts in 1958. Jerome created what he termed a "revolutionary vehicle" due to concern about what he saw as 1950s Detroit's lack of concern for safety and focus on planned obsolescence. While never produced commercially, the Sir Vival featured many innovative car safety concepts that would later become standard such as seat belts, a roll cage, sliding side doors, rubber bumpers, and side lights. The car's most distinctive features were a two-part construction that separates the engine and front wheels from the main passenger cab via an articulated universal joint and the driver's turret, an elevated seat where the driver commands near-360 degree visibility thanks to a cylindrical glass enclosure. Along with the 1957 Aurora it is one of the earliest  experimental safety vehicles ever made.

Experimental safety vehicle
Experimental safety vehicle (ESV) is the designation for experimental concept cars which are used to test car safety ideas.

In 1973, the U.S. DOT announced its ESV project, the aim of which was to obtain safer vehicles by 1981. A car produced by this effort was known as the Minicar RSV.

In 1991, the ESV abbreviation was backronymed to enhanced safety of vehicles.
Quetzaltenango
Quetzaltenango (Spanish pronunciation: [keˌtsal.teˈnaŋ.ɡo], also known by its Maya name Xelajú [ʃelaˈχu] or Xela [ˈʃela]) is a municipality and namesake department in western Guatemala. The city is located in a mountain valley at an elevation of 2,330 meters (7,640 feet) above sea level at its lowest part. Inside the city, it can reach above 2,400 m (7,900 ft).

Quetzaltenango is a part of the Los Altos Metropolitan Area, which also includes the municipalities of Salcajá, Cantel, Almolonga, Zunil, Concepción Chiquirichapa, San Mateo, La Esperanza, San Juan Ostuncalco, Olintepeque, San Miguel Sigüilá, and Cajolá in Quetzaltenango Department, as well as San Cristóbal Totonicapán and San Andrés Xecul in Totonicapán Department.

As of the 2018 census, the city has a population of 180,706 in 122 km2 (47 sq mi). 43% of the population was indigenous in 2014.

Zunil
Zunil (Spanish pronunciation: [suˈnil]) is a town and municipality in the Quetzaltenango department of Guatemala with a surface area of 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi). The town of Zunil is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from the city of Quetzaltenango, on the bank of the Salamá River. Zunil has an altitude of approximately 2,075 metres (6,808 ft) above mean sea level. The population of the municipality, which is 100% indigenous, was 14,118 at the 2018 census. The inhabitants speak Kʼicheʼ and Spanish.
There are thermal baths with volcanic water around the town, for example Fuentes Georginas and Almolonga.
Egyptian National Railways
Egyptian National Railways (ENR; Arabic: السكك الحديدية المصرية, romanized: Al-Sikak al-Ḥadīdiyyah al-Miṣriyyah) is the national railway network of Egypt. It's managed by the parastatal Egyptian Railway Authority (ERA; Arabic: الهيئة القومية لسكك حديد مصر, romanized: Al-Haī'ah al-Qawmiyya li-Sikak Ḥadīd Miṣr, lit. 'National Agency for Egypt's Railways').

Ismailia
Ismailia (Egyptian Arabic: الإسماعيلية el-Ismāʻīlīyah, Egyptian Arabic: [lesmæʕiˈlejjæ]) is a city in north-eastern Egypt. Situated on the west bank of the Suez Canal, it is the capital of the Ismailia Governorate. The city had an estimated population of 450,388 in 2023. It is located approximately halfway between Port Said to the north and Suez to the south. The Canal widens at that point to include Lake Timsah, one of the Bitter Lakes linked by the Canal.
Jon Palfreman
Jon Palfreman is a reporter, writer, producer, director and educator best known for his documentary work on Frontline and Nova. He has won awards for his journalism, including the Peabody Award, Emmy Award, the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Silver Baton, Writers Guild of America Award, and the AAAS-Westinghouse Science in Journalisim Award. Palfreman has written, directed and produced documentaries on a wide range of topics, but specializes in topical and often controversial issues involving science and medicine. Palfreman is the author of Brainstorms: The Race to Unlock the Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease, The Case of the Frozen Addicts: Working at the Edge of the Mysteries of the Human Brain (with J. William Langston), and The Dream Machine: Exploring the Computer Age (with Doron Swade). He is also president of the Palfreman Film Group.

Doron Swade
Doron Swade MBE, born 1946, is a museum curator and author, specialising in the history of computing. He is especially known for his work on the computer pioneer Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine.
Cefn Mawr
Cefn Mawr (Welsh: Cefn-mawr; Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village in the community of Cefn within Wrexham County Borough, Wales. Its name translates as "big ridge".  
The population in 2001 was 6,669, increasing to 7,051 in 2011.

The community of Cefn comprises the villages of Cefn Mawr, Cefn-bychan ("little ridge"), Acrefair, Penybryn, Newbridge, Plas Madoc and Rhosymedre and is situated on the northern slopes of the Dee Valley.

Rhosymedre
Rhosymedre (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village within the community of Cefn, in Wrexham County Borough, Wales.

The Anglican church, which was consecrated in 1837, is dedicated to St John the Evangelist, and is part of the Diocese of St Asaph. Former vicars include John David Edwards (vicar from 1843 to 1885), whose most famous hymn tune composition is Rhosymedre, upon which Ralph Vaughan Williams later based an organ prelude.

The quarry behind Rock Road was originally the source of stones for building the Llangollen Canal, and also the houses of the local mining community.

Rhosymedre Halt railway station served the village from 1906 to 1959.
Orleans Central Supervisory Union
The Orleans Central Supervisory Union is a school district responsible for the education of students in the Vermont towns of Albany, Barton, Brownington, Glover, Irasburg, Orleans, and Westmore. This requires maintaining one elementary school in each of these towns (except Westmore), plus the Lake Region Union High School, in Orleans. The union is headquartered in Orleans.

Glover, Vermont
Glover is a town in Orleans County, Vermont, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the town's population was 1,114. It contains two unincorporated villages, Glover and West Glover.

The town is named for Brigadier General John Glover, who served in the American Revolutionary War. He was the prime proprietor of the town.

Glover is home to three museums: the Bread & Puppet Museum, the Glover Historical Society museum, and The Museum of Everyday Life.

Glover's residents include John S. Rodgers, who became the Lieutenant Governor of Vermont in 2025.
Tax deduction
A tax deduction is an amount deducted from taxable income, usually based on expenses such as those incurred to produce additional income. Tax deductions are a form of tax incentives, along with exemptions and tax credits. The difference between deductions, exemptions, and credits is that deductions and exemptions both reduce taxable income, while credits reduce tax.

Tax credit
A tax credit is a tax incentive which allows certain taxpayers to subtract the amount of the credit they have accrued from the total they owe the state. It may also be a credit granted in recognition of taxes already paid or a form of state "discount" applied in certain cases. Another way to think of a tax credit is as a rebate.
Kronberg im Taunus
Kronberg im Taunus (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁoːnˌbɛʁk ʔɪm ˈtaʊnʊs] ⓘ, lit. 'Kronberg in the Taunus') is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district, Hesse, Germany and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. Before 1866, it was in the Duchy of Nassau; in that year the whole Duchy was absorbed into Prussia. Kronberg lies at the foot of the Taunus, flanked in the north and southwest by forests. A mineral water spring also rises in the town.

Schlosshotel Kronberg
Schlosshotel Kronberg (Castle Hotel Kronberg) in Kronberg im Taunus, Hesse, near Frankfurt am Main, was built between 1889 and 1893 for the dowager German Empress Victoria and originally named Schloss Friedrichshof (Friedrichshof Castle) in honour of her late husband, Emperor Frederick III (Friedrich III). The principal architect was Ernst von Ihne, who was also the royal architect to Frederick III and Kaiser Wilhelm II; von Ihne designed many royal residences for nobility in and around Germany and Austria.

Today the castle is a five-star hotel which belongs, together with the accompanying park, to the House of Hesse.
Muladí
Muladí is a term used for the indigenous population of the Iberian Peninsula who adopted Islam after the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century. The demarcation of muladíes from the population of Arab and Berber extraction was relevant in the first centuries of Islamic rule, however, by the 10th century, they diluted into the bulk of the society of al-Andalus. In Sicily, Muslims of local descent or of mixed Arab, and Sicilian origin were also sometimes referred to as Muwallad. They were also called Musalimah ('Islamized'). In broader usage, the word muwallad is used to describe Arabs of mixed parentage, especially those not living in their ancestral homelands.

Umar ibn Hafsun
Umar ibn Hafsun ibn Ja'far ibn Salim (Arabic: عُمَر بْن حَفْصُون بْن جَعْفَ بْن سالِم) (c. 850 – 917), known in Spanish history as Omar ben Hafsun, was a 9th-century political and military leader who contested Umayyad power in Iberia.
Star Mountains
The Star Mountains (Dutch (colonial): Sterrengebergte; Indonesian: Pegunungan Bintang) are a mountain range in eastern end of Highland Papua, Indonesia and the western Papua New Guinea, stretching from the eastern end of Indonesia to the Hindenburg Range in Papua New Guinea.

Mountain ranges Bintang Mountains Regency in Indonesia and Star Mountains Rural LLG in Papua New Guinea are part of this mountain range.

Hindenburg Range
The Hindenburg Range is a mountain range in the remote North Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, stretching from the Star Mountains to the east. The Hindenburg Wall escarpment leads up to the range.
Skyscraper Symphony
Skyscraper Symphony (1929) is an avant-garde silent short film by French-American filmmaker Robert Florey. The film was shot in the early morning hours in New York City. It captured skyscrapers which, by the late 1920s had become a global trademark of the city and became a representation of the ever-developing technologies in America, as well as the rapid growth of capitalism. Florey's focus on the booming metropolitan in the post-World War I era has solidified this film as a "city symphony," and he draws upon his own experience as a tourist in America to capture the excitement and uncertainty of being in New York City.

City symphony
City symphony is a film genre encompassing documentary, experimental, and the avant-garde that emerged in the 1920s. Coming to prominence alongside modernist art movements such as futurism, constructivism, and radicalism, city symphonies reflect the historical development of city centers and technological hubs of advancement. As the art of cinema became more respected, filmmakers such as Walter Ruttman and Dziga Vertov gravitated towards works highlighting the beauty of cities, aiming to capture scenes of modern life from their narrative points of views.
2004 Pekan Olahraga Nasional
2004 Pekan Olahraga Nasional or the Pekan Olahraga Nasional XVI were a major multi-sport event in Indonesia which took place in Palembang, South Sumatra, from 2 September to 14 September 2004. A total of 607 events in 41 sports were competed among more than 5,500 athletes from 30 provinces, with the newly created province of Riau Islands only as observer and did not send any athletes. The games also staged 8 paralympic sports.

Jakarta topped the medal table for the tenth time in the history of the games.

National Sports Week
The National Sports Week (Indonesian: Pekan Olahraga Nasional, abbreviated as PON) is a multi-sport event held every four years in Indonesia. The participants of this event are the athletes from all provinces of Indonesia. It is organized by the National Sports Committee of Indonesia (KONI).
Sir William Pulteney (1802 ship)
Sir William Pulteney was launched in 1803, at Calcutta as a country ship (a ship that traded only east of the Cape of Good Hope.) She sailed to England on a voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) and her owner sold her there. The EIC then engaged her as an "extra ship" for six voyages as an East Indiaman to India and back. She was sold in 1817.

Northampton (1801 ship)
Northampton, was a three-decker merchant ship launched in 1801 upon the River Thames, England. She made eight voyages to India as an extra (chartered) ship for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1801 and 1819. During the same period she made one separate trip transporting convicts from Britain to New South Wales, followed by a voyage for the EIC from China back to England. In 1820 she carried settlers to South Africa. She is last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1822.
Pendle Grit
The Pendle Grit is a geologic formation in England. It is a coarse Carboniferous age sandstone assigned to the Millstone Grit Group,  and preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.  The formation takes its name from Pendle Hill in Lancashire where it forms the sloping plateau summit.

Millstone Grit
Millstone Grit is any of a number of coarse-grained sandstones of Carboniferous age which occur in the British Isles. The name derives from its use in earlier times as a source of millstones for use principally in watermills. Geologists refer to the whole suite of rocks that encompass the individual limestone beds and the intervening mudstones as the Millstone Grit Group. The term Millstone Grit Series was formerly used to refer to the rocks now included within the Millstone Grit Group together with the underlying Edale Shale Group.

The term gritstone describes any sandstone composed of coarse angular grains, and specifically refers to such sandstones within the Pennines and neighbouring areas of Northern England.
Michael Winterbottom
Michael Winterbottom (born 29 March 1961) is an English film director. He began his career working in British television before moving into features. Three of his films—Welcome to Sarajevo, Wonderland and 24 Hour Party People—have competed for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. He and co-director Mat Whitecross won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival for their work on The Road to Guantanamo.

His production company, Revolution Films, has a first-look deal with Fremantle.

Silver Bear for Best Director
The Silver Bear for Best Director (German: Silberner Bär/Bester Regie) is an award presented annually at the Berlin International Film Festival since 1956. It is given for the best achievement in directing and is chosen by the International Jury from the films in the Competition slate at the festival.

At the 6th Berlin International Film Festival held in 1956, Robert Aldrich was the first winner of this award for his work on Autumn Leaves, and Grant Gee is the most recent winner in this category for his work on Everybody Digs Bill Evans at the 76th Berlin International Film Festival in 2026.
Asfar ibn Kurduya
Asfar ibn Kurduya (also spelled Kurdawayh, Kardawayh and Kurdawaih), was a Daylamite officer who served the Buyid dynasty.

Asfar is first mentioned during the reign of the Buyid ruler Adud al-Dawla, as one of the most prominent officers of the Empire. After the death of Adud al-Dawla in 983, the Buyid Empire was thrown into civil war; the Empire was disputed between his two sons Samsam al-Dawla and Sharaf al-Dawla. Samsam al-Dawla ruled Iraq, while Sharaf al-Dawla ruled Fars and Kerman.

In 986, Asfar rebelled against Samsam al-Dawla, and changed his allegiance to Sharaf al-Dawla. However, Asfar quickly changed his mind, and declared allegiance to the latter's other brother Abu Nasr Firuz Kharshadh, who was shortly given the laqab of "Baha' al-Dawla." However, Samsam al-Dawla, with the aid of Fuladh ibn Manadhar, suppressed the rebellion, and imprisoned Baha al-Dawla. After this event, Asfar is no longer mentioned.

Baha al-Dawla
Abu Nasr Firuz Kharshadh (Arabic: أبو نصر فيروز خوارشاذ; died December 22, 1012), better known by his laqab of Baha al-Dawla (Arabic: بهاء الدوله, romanized: Bahaʾ al-Dawla, lit. 'Splendour of the State') was the Buyid amir of Iraq (988–1012), along with Fars and Kerman (998–1012). His early reign was dominated by struggles with his rival relatives over control of the western Persian provinces, but by 998 he managed to establish his supremacy over the Buyid confederation. His reign nevertheless saw the increasing encroachment of neighbouring powers on Buyid territory, and marks the beginning of the decline of the Buyids' power. He was the third son of 'Adud al-Dawla.
Yinwang
Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd, (Chinese: 深圳引望智能技术有限公司) trading as "Yinwang", is a company of Huawei which specialized in providing parts and hardware and software solutions for automotive manufacturers. The company was formerly known as Huawei Intelligent Automotive Solution (HIAS, Chinese: 华为智能汽车解决方案), the automobile business unit of Huawei.

Dongfeng Motor Corporation
Dongfeng Motor Corporation Ltd. is a Chinese central state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wuhan, Hubei. Founded in 1969, it is currently the smallest of the "Big Four" state-owned car manufacturers of China with 671,000 sales in 2023, below SAIC Motor, Changan Automobile and FAW Group.

The company develops and markets vehicles under its own branding, such as M-Hero, Voyah, Aeolus, Nammi, Forthing, as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as Dongfeng Honda, Dongfeng Nissan and Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën (all via subsidiary Dongfeng Motor Group). In 2021, foreign-branded cars took 79% of sales. In addition to commercial and consumer vehicles, it also manufactures parts and cooperates with foreign companies.

As a state-owned enterprise of China, Dongfeng is controlled and managed by SASAC, which under Chinese law performs the functions of an investor.
Buttes, Neuchâtel
Buttes was a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, Môtiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers merged to form Val-de-Travers.

Les Bayards
Les Bayards was a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, Môtiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers merged to form Val-de-Travers.
Tasius
Tasius is the name given by Strabo to the king of the Rhoxolani, a Sarmatian tribal group. Around 100 BCE, Tasius led an invasion of Crimea in support of the Scythian warlord Palacus. He was defeated by the Pontian general Diophantus.

Palacus
Palacus or Palakus was the king of Crimean Scythia who succeeded his father, Skilurus. Resuming the latter's war against Mithridates VI, he attempted to besiege Chersonesos but was defeated by Pontic forces under Diophantus. Enlisting the assistance of the Rhoxolani under Tasius, Palacus launched an invasion of the Crimea. The invaders were defeated by Diophantus and accepted Mithridates as their overlord. Palacus was the last Scythian king whose name is attested in classical sources.
Riggs Peak
Riggs Peak (Bulgarian: връх Ригс, romanized: vrah Riggs, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈriks]) is a peak rising to 1,601 m in Imeon Range on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands.  It is situated 2.38 km southwest of Neofit Peak, 5.4 km southwest of the summit Mount Foster, and 8.6 km northeast of Cape James. It overlooks Letnitsa Glacier to the south, and Gramada Glacier to the east. It was mapped by Bulgaria in 2009. The peak was named after the American missionary and linguist Elias Riggs (1810–1901) who contributed greatly to the Bulgarian National Revival, and organized the first translation, printing and dissemination of the Bible in modern Bulgarian language.

63°02′08″S 62°36′50″W﻿ / ﻿63.03556°S 62.61389°W﻿ / -63.03556; -62.61389

Mount Foster
Mount Foster is a peak rising to 2,025 metres (6,644 ft) in the Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands. It is the highest point of the South Shetland Islands archipelago.
Mount Foster has triple peaks of which Mount Foster proper is the southernmost, the central one is Evlogi Peak (2,024 m), and the northern one is Antim Peak (1,995 m). The first ascent was made by Greg Landreth and his team comprising Brice Dowrick, Dan Mannix and Roger Thompson on 30 January 1996.

The feature is named after Captain Henry Foster, commander of HMS Chanticleer who explored the South Shetlands in 1829.
1999 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualification
For the 1999 Rugby World Cup qualifiers, the Oceanian Federation was allocated three places in the final tournament and one place in the repechage.

Seven teams played in the Oceania qualifiers that were held over three stages from 1996 to 1998. Australia, Fiji and Western Samoa were the top three sides and secured their places as Oceania 1, Oceania 2 and Oceania  3, respectively, for RWC 99. Tonga qualified for the repechage tournament.

1999 Rugby World Cup qualifying
The 1999 Rugby World Cup qualifying was held in several continental zones.  Four countries qualified automatically—Wales as tournament hosts, South Africa as reigning champions, New Zealand as runners-up in the previous tournament, and France as winners of the third-place playoff in the previous tournament. Repechage was first introduced for the 1999 competition qualifying.