hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raschig ring
A Raschig ring is a piece of tube, approximately equal in length and diameter, used in large numbers as a packed bed within columns for distillations and other chemical engineering processes. They are usually ceramic, metal, or glass and provide a large surface area within the volume of the column for interaction between liquid and gas vapours.

Raschig rings are named after their inventor, German chemist Friedrich Raschig, who patented them in 1914.

Stripping (chemistry)
Stripping is a physical separation process where one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a vapor stream. In industrial applications the liquid and vapor streams can have co-current or countercurrent flows. Stripping is usually carried out in either a packed or trayed column.
Instrumental-comitative case
In grammar, the instrumental-comitative case combines the instrumental case and the comitative case, functioning in a similar way to the English preposition "with". It may indicate the means of the action (for example, "with a knife", "using a fork", "by tram") and the person in whose company the action is carried out (for example, "with his family"), as well as other meanings such as the temporal or the modal.

The instrumental-comitative case exists in Hungarian, Selkup, and Ubykh languages.

Instrumental case
In grammar, the instrumental case (abbreviated INS or INSTR) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept.
Nordøyan Lighthouse
Nordøyan Lighthouse (Norwegian: Nordøyan fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag, Norway. It was established in 1890 and automated in 1989. The light is powered on all year except from May 12 until July 25 due to the midnight sun in this region.

Nordøyan Lighthouse stands on the islet of Surenøy in the Nordøyan islands, north of the Foldafjord. The lighthouse tower is 10 metres (33 ft) tall, and the light at the top of the tower is located 36.5 metres (120 ft) above sea level. The white light is always on, emitting a 79,000 candela light, and every 40 seconds it flashes a much brighter 2,070,000 candela light. The light can be seen for about 17.2 nautical miles (31.9 km; 19.8 mi).

Nordøyan
Nordøyan is an archipelago and abandoned fishing village in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The island group is located at the western end of the Folda fjord, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southwest of the island of Ytter-Vikna and about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) to the northwest of the Sør-Gjæslingan islands. Nordøyan has been the site of a fishing village dating back to the 16th century, but since 1919, has not had any permanent residents. The homes on Nordøyan are now mostly used as holiday cottages.
N Line (RTD)
The N Line, also known as the North Metro Rail Line during construction, is a commuter rail line which is part of the commuter and light rail system owned by the Regional Transportation District (RTD) in the Denver metropolitan area in Colorado. The first 13 miles (21 km) from downtown Denver to 124th Avenue in Thornton opened as part of the FasTracks expansion plan on September 21, 2020. When fully built out, the line will be 18.5 miles (29.8 km) long and pass through Denver, Commerce City, Northglenn, and Thornton. The N Line features Colorado's longest bridge at 9,533 feet (1.8 mi; 2.9 km) called the Skyway Bridge. While other RTD commuter lines are operated by Denver Transit Partners for RTD, this is the only line operated by RTD itself.

Thornton, Colorado
Thornton is a home rule city located in Adams and Weld counties, Colorado, United States. The city population was 141,867, all in Adams County, at the 2020 United States census, an increase of 19.44% since the 2010 United States census. Thornton is the sixth-most-populous city in Colorado and the 191st-most-populous city in the United States. Thornton is 10 miles (16 km) north of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver and is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Greeley, CO Combined Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.
Golden Bell Award for Best Lifestyle Show
The Golden Bell Award for Best Lifestyle Show (Chinese: 電視金鐘獎生活風格節目獎) is one of the categories of the competition for Taiwanese television production, Golden Bell Awards. It has been awarded since 2017.

Golden Bell Awards
The Golden Bell Awards (Chinese: 金鐘獎; pinyin: Jīnzhōngjiǎng) is an annual Taiwanese television and radio production award presented in October or November each year by the Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development, a division of Taiwan's Ministry of Culture. It is the first radio and television production award in Chinese circulation, founded in 1965, and Taiwan's equivalent to the Emmy Awards. It is also one of the three major annual entertainment and cultural awards presented in Taiwan, along with the Golden Melody Awards for music and the Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards for films. The awards were presented by the Government Information Office until 2011.

Currently, there are two main streams presented at separate ceremonies: Television Golden Bell Awards (Chinese: 電視金鐘獎) and Broadcast Golden Bell Awards (Chinese: 廣播金鐘獎).
Beuronese Congregation
The Beuronese Congregation, also known as Beuron Congregation, is a union of mostly German or German-speaking monasteries of both monks and nuns within the Benedictine Confederation. The congregation is under the patronage of Martin of Tours, the patron saint of the Archabbey of Beuron.

Neresheim Abbey
Neresheim Abbey or the Abbey of Saints Ulrich and Afra, Neresheim (German: Abtei Neresheim or Abtei der heiligen Ulrich und Afra) is located above the town of Neresheim in Baden-Württemberg, southern Germany. It is now a Benedictine monastery and is part of the Beuronese Congregation.
Balaklava, South Australia
The town of Balaklava (population 2048, postcode 5461) is located in South Australia, 92 kilometres north of Adelaide in the Mid North region. It is on the south bank of the Wakefield River, 25 kilometres (16 miles) east of Port Wakefield.

Hamley Bridge, South Australia
Hamley Bridge is a community in South Australia located at the junction of the Gilbert and Light rivers, as well as the site of a former railway junction.

Named by the government of the day, in honour of the Acting Governor of South Australia Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Gilbert Hamley, whose wife, Lady Edith Hamley laid the foundation stone of the River Light Railway Bridge on 25 July 1868. This bridge carries the Peterborough railway line over the Light River.

Other settlements in the area had commenced in the early 1860s, and it was not until 1868 that the junction of the two rivers came under notice as a possible site for a township.
Revolutionary Youth Alliance
Revolutionary Youth Alliance (Portuguese: Aliança da Juventude Revolucionária - AJR) is a  Trotskyist political youth movement in Brazil, being a faction of the Workers' Cause Party (PCO). AJR publishes Juventude Revolucionária and works within the National Students Union (UNE). AJR also takes part in student council elections.

Workers' Cause Party
Workers' Cause Party (WCP, Portuguese: Partido da Causa Operária, PCO) is a political party in Brazil. Its origins can be traced back to 1978, when several Trotskyist activists who were not satisfied with the socialist international united under the name Tendência Trotskista do Brasil (Brazilian Trotskyist Tendency, TTB). However, the registered party was only established in 1995. Its electoral number is 29.
Lluçanès
Lluçanès (Catalan pronunciation: [ʎusəˈnɛs]) is a comarca of Catalonia, in the central region, transitioning between the Plain of Vic and Berguedà, in the pre-Pyrenees. It was established as an official comarca in May 2023. The capital is the town of Prats de Lluçanès.

Plain of Vic
The Plain of Vic (Catalan Plana de Vic) is a 30 km long depression located at the eastern end of the Catalan Central Depression in the Osona comarca. It is named after the town of Vic, an important and ancient urban center in this natural region that lies in the midst of the plain. Other significant towns in the plain are Manlleu and Tona.

This natural depression carved by river Ter and its tributaries is longer than it is wide and stretches in a N / S direction. It is completely surrounded by mountains: The Sub-Pyrenees, with Bellmunt mountain towering in the north, the Lluçanès (Pre-Pyrenees) and Moianès high plateau in the West, the Montseny in the southeast and the Guilleries, located at the apex of the Catalan Transversal Range and the Pre-Coastal Range, in the east.
The Epic Masters
The Epic Masters is a box set compilation comprising ten remastered albums by Shakin' Stevens. Released on 16 November 2009, the set contains nine albums originally released by Epic Records between 1980 and 1990, plus an exclusive CD of 12" extended mixes.  The set was also made available as a download through iTunes.

Give Me Your Heart Tonight
Give Me Your Heart Tonight is an album by Welsh rock and roll singer Shakin' Stevens, released in October 1982 by Epic Records. To date, it is his last studio album to reach the Top-Ten in the UK, peaking at number 3 on the Album Chart.
Guarda Veneta
Guarda Veneta is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Venice and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Rovigo.

Guarda Veneta borders the following municipalities: Bosaro, Crespino, Polesella, Pontecchio Polesine, Ro.

Polesella
Polesella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 kilometres (43 miles) southwest of Venice and about 11 km (7 mi) south of Rovigo.

Polesella borders the following municipalities: Arquà Polesine, Bosaro, Canaro, Frassinelle Polesine, Guarda Veneta, Ro.

In 1509 it was the location of the homonymous battle between the Venetian fleet and the troops of Ferrara. The town is home to the Palazzo Grimani, a 16th-century patrician residence attributed to Vincenzo Scamozzi and the Villa Morosini (16th–17th centuries).
Kaplon (genus)
Kaplon, also Kaplony or Kaplyon (Caplon, Coplyon, Caplan, Coplyan, Kaplyn, Koplon, Koplen, Kopplyan), was the name of a gens (Latin for "clan"; nemzetség in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary. The founder and ancestor of the genus was Kaplon (or Cupan), the second son of Kond, who was one of the seven chieftains of the Magyars according to Anonymus, author of the Gesta Hungarorum. The clan's original tribal area was the Nyírség, northeastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain.

The distinguished and influential Károlyi family originates from the Genus Kaplon. Among others, the Sztáray, Barlabássy, Bagossy, Csomaközy, Vadai and Vetési families were also from that clan and had spread northward, eastward and southward.

Kaplon (chieftain)
Kaplon (or Cupan)  was a Hungarian tribal chieftain, the second son of Kond, who was one of the seven chieftains of the Magyars according to Anonymus, author of the Gesta Hungarorum. It is possible that Kurszán, who was killed in 904, was his elder brother.

After the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (895 or 896–c. 907), the brothers Kücsid and Kaplon settled in the Nyírség, northeastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain and founded a monastery in Kaplony (today: Căpleni, Romania), near the Ecsed Marsh. Chieftain Kaplon was the ancestor of the gens (or clan) Kaplon. The Károlyi (which still exists), Bagossy, Csomaközy, Vadai and Vetési families were also originate from that genus.
B. T. Roberts
Benjamin Titus Roberts (1823–1893) was an American Methodist bishop. He first trained as an attorney, then entered the ministry in the Genesee Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church of New York State. His ministerial studies were done at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. He married Ellen Lois Stowe, had seven children, and pastored several churches in New York state.

Roberts Wesleyan University
Roberts Wesleyan University is a private Christian university  in Chili, New York, near Rochester, New York, United States. It was the first educational institution established for Free Methodists in North America. Roberts is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. In the fall of 2023, Roberts Wesleyan enrolled 1621 students in undergraduate, graduate, adult degree completion and doctoral programs.
Moulvibazar District
Moulvibazar District, (Bengali: মৌলভীবাজার জেলা) formerly South Sylhet  is the southeastern district of Sylhet Division in northeastern Bangladesh, named after the town of Moulvibazar. It is bordered by the Indian states of Tripura and Assam to the south and east, respectively; by the Bangladeshi districts of Habiganj to the west and Sylhet to the north.

Kulaura Upazila
Kulaura (Bengali: কুলাউড়া), is the largest upazila of Moulvibazar District in north-eastern Bangladesh. The total area of this upazila is 545 km2. Hakaluki Haor, the largest marsh wetland in Sylhet Division and one of the largest in Bangladesh is partially located in Kulaura.
Conroe High School
Conroe High School is a secondary school in Conroe, Texas. The school is a part of the Conroe Independent School District and serves most of the city of Conroe as well as portions of unincorporated Montgomery County, including the community of River Plantation. The current campus was built in 1964 to replace the older Davy Crockett High School as Conroe's primary high school. The campus has been updated, renovated and expanded through various bond measures, including in 2004, 2015, and 2019.

Also found at Conroe High School is the Academy for Science and Health Professions, a magnet program which enrolls students through an application process from the Conroe High School and Caney Creek High School attendance zones.

Beginning in the 2013–14 school year, Conroe High School's freshmen class attend school at the Conroe High School 9th Grade Campus.

Conroe Independent School District
Conroe Independent School District (CISD) is a school district in Montgomery County, Texas. As of July 2025, Conroe ISD was the 7th largest school district in Texas and 49th largest in the United States.

The district's headquarters are located in the Deane L. Sadler Administration/Technology Center in Conroe. The CISD area, which covers 348 square miles (900 km2), is part of the Lone Star College System (formerly the North Harris Montgomery Community College District).

For the 2022-2023 school year, the district received a score of 84 out of 100 from the Texas Education Agency.
Drive In Show
"Drive In Show" is a song originally performed by Eddie Cochran and released on single by Liberty Records in July 1957. "Drive In Show" backed with "Am I Blue" rose to number 82 on the Billboard charts.

Am I Blue?
"Am I Blue?" is a 1929 song composed by Harry Akst (music) and Grant Clarke (lyrics), and published by M. Witmark & Sons. It was featured in four films that year, most notably with Ethel Waters in the movie On With the Show. It has become a standard covered by numerous artists. As a work from 1929 with its copyright renewed, it entered the public domain on January 1, 2025.
Hiram Deats
Hiram Deats (April 12, 1810 – November 22, 1887) was an American businessman from Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He was known for manufacturing agricultural equipment, especially the Deats plow, and became the first millionaire in Hunterdon County.

Hiram Edmund Deats
Hiram Edmund Deats (May 20, 1870 – March 16, 1963) was an American philatelist, historian and publisher from Flemington, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He was especially acclaimed for his collection of revenue stamps.
Porthmadog
Porthmadog (Welsh: [pɔrθˈmadɔɡ] ⓘ), originally Portmadoc until 1972 and known locally as Port, is a coastal town and community in the Eifionydd area of Gwynedd, Wales, and the historic county Caernarfonshire. It lies 5 miles (8 km) east of Criccieth, 11 miles (18 km) south-west of Blaenau Ffestiniog, 25 miles (40 km) north of Dolgellau and 20 miles (32 km) south of Caernarfon. The community population was 4,185 in the 2011 census and was put at 4,134 in 2019. It grew in the 19th century as a port for local slate, but as trade declined it continued as a shopping and tourism centre, being close to Snowdonia National Park and the Ffestiniog Railway. The 1987 National Eisteddfod was held there. It includes nearby Borth-y-Gest, Morfa Bychan and Tremadog.

William Madocks
William Alexander Madocks (17 June 1773 – 15 September 1828) was a British politician and landowner who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Boston in Lincolnshire from 1802 to 1820, and then for Chippenham in Wiltshire from 1820 to 1826. He is best known, however, for his activities as an agricultural improver in Gwynedd, especially around the towns of Porthmadog and Tremadog which he founded and which are named after him.
Belvedere Ostrense
Belvedere Ostrense is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Ancona.

Belvedere Ostrense borders the following municipalities: Castelplanio, Maiolati Spontini, Montecarotto, Morro d'Alba, Ostra, Poggio San Marcello, San Marcello, Senigallia.

Montecarotto
Montecarotto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Ancona, mostly known internationally for the annual Blackmoon festival, a renowned goa and psytrance happening. As of 30 April 2025, it had a population of 1,855 and an area of 24.1 square kilometres (9.3 sq mi).

Montecarotto borders the following municipalities: Arcevia, Belvedere Ostrense, Ostra, Ostra Vetere, Poggio San Marcello, Rosora, Serra de' Conti.
Ligilactobacillus saerimneri
Ligilactobacillus saerimneri is a Gram-positive species of lactic acid bacteria in the family Lactobacillaceae. Originally isolated from pig feces, it was described in 2004 as Lactobacillus saerimneri and later reassigned to the genus Ligilactobacillus in 2020 as part of a large phylogenomic reclassification of the genus Lactobacillus.

Ligilactobacillus
Ligilactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria associated with vertebrate hosts, formed through the 2020 division of the Lactobacillus genus. Most of these homofermentative species are motile and express urease to survive gastric acids, making them popular choices for probiotics. The G/C content of this genus varies between 32.5-43.3%.
Barry Mills (Aryan Brotherhood)
Barry Byron Mills (July 7, 1948 – July 8, 2018) was an American gangster and leader of the Aryan Brotherhood (AB) prison gang. Nicknamed "The Baron", Mills was incarcerated in the California state prison system at a young age, where he rose within the AB organization during the 1970s and 80s.

San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in Marin County.

Established in 1852, and opening in 1854, San Quentin is the oldest prison in California. The state's only death row for male inmates, the largest in the United States, was located at the prison. Its gas chamber has not been used since 1993, and its lethal injection chamber was last used in 2006. The prison has been featured on film, radio drama, video, podcast, and television; is the subject of many books; has hosted concerts; and has housed many notorious inmates.
Edmondson Park railway station
Edmondson Park railway station is a suburban railway station located on the South West Rail Link, serving the Sydney suburb of Edmondson Park in the Liverpool Local Government Area. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Leppington & Inner West Line and T5 Cumberland Line services.

South West Rail Link
The South West Rail Link is a railway line serving the developing suburbs of south-western Sydney, Australia between Glenfield and Leppington. Services form part of the Sydney Trains suburban rail network. It opened on 8 February 2015.
Sustainable fashion
Sustainable fashion is a term describing efforts within the fashion industry to reduce its environmental impacts, protect workers producing garments and uphold animal welfare. Sustainability in fashion encompasses a wide range of factors, including cutting CO2 emissions, addressing overproduction, reducing pollution and waste, supporting biodiversity and ensuring that garment workers are paid a fair wage and have safe working conditions.

In 2020, it was found that voluntary, self-directed reform of textile manufacturing supply chains by large companies to reduce the environmental impacts was largely unsuccessful. Measures to reform fashion production beyond greenwashing require policies for the creation and enforcement of standardized certificates, along with related import controls, subsidies, and interventions such as eco-tariffs.

Patagonia, Inc.
Patagonia, Inc. is an American retailer of outdoor recreation clothing, equipment, and food. It was founded by Yvon Chouinard in 1973 and is based in Ventura, California. Patagonia operates stores in over ten countries, and factories in sixteen countries.
Peterson family, Bydgoszcz
The Peterson family was a family whose several members had a historical importance in the city of Bydgoszcz, Poland. They were influential from the beginning of the 19th century till the 1930s in the area of politics, engineering and entrepreneurship.

Obrońców Bydgoszczy Street, Bydgoszcz
Obrońców Bydgoszczy street is located in downtown district, in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Many of the buildings along this axis are either registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, or part of a historical ensemble of Eclectic and Art Nouveau architecture in the city.
Lady Scott
Lady Scott, later John Cadman and Harbour Queen, was a Sydney Harbour ferry built in 1914 for the Balmain New Ferry Company, and named in honour of Kathleen Scott. She and four similar ferries, Lady Chelmsford (1910), Lady Denman (1912), Lady Edeline (1913), and Lady Ferguson (1914), were a new series of "Lady-class", designed by naval architect, Walter Reeks.

Lady Scott and her four sisters survived the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and were converted to diesel power that decade. They also survived the 1951 NSW State Government takeover of the ailing ferry fleet. Lady Scott was sold out of ferry service in 1969 for use as a cruise boat. A 1972 fire destroyed her superstructure and she was re-built and successfully run as the John Cadman cruising restaurant. She was sold to new owners, renamed Harbour Queen and enjoyed limited subsequent success. She sank in 2014 in Blackwattle Bay where she was broken up.

Lady Chelmsford
Lady Chelmsford was a Sydney Harbour ferry built in 1910 for the Balmain New Ferry Company. She and four similar ferries, Lady Denman (1912), Lady Edeline (1913), Lady Ferguson (1914), and Lady Scott (1914), were a new series of "Lady-class" ferries designed by naval architect Walter Reeks.

Lady Chelmsford and her four sisters survived the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and were converted to diesel power that decade. They also survived the 1951 NSW State Government takeover of the ailing ferry fleet.

Sold out of ferry service in 1971, Lady Chelmsford was rebuilt as a showboat in Adelaide and from 1985 she was used as a showboat in Melbourne. She sank at her moorings in Melbourne in 2008 and was broken up in 2011.