hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ware Center Historic District
The Ware Center Historic District encompasses the historic early center of Ware, Massachusetts.  Centered at the junction of Massachusetts Route 9 with Greenwich Plains Road, it is a linear district extending about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) along Route 9 in either direction.  Most of the structures in the district were built between 1760 and 1860, although there are some 20th century intrusions.  The area was the center of town civic and commercial activity until the 1820s, when villages serving industry became more important.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Ware, Massachusetts
Ware is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 10,066 as of 2020. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The census-designated place of Ware, comprising the main settlement of the town, is in the southeastern corner of the town. The area's students are served by Ware Junior Senior High School.
Backcrossing
Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, to achieve offspring with a genetic identity closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding, and  production of gene knockout organisms.

Backcrossed hybrids are sometimes described with acronym "BC"; for example, an F1 hybrid crossed with one of its parents (or a genetically similar individual) can be termed a BC1 hybrid, and a further cross of the BC1 hybrid to the same parent (or a genetically similar individual) produces a BC2 hybrid.

Introgression
Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species. Introgression is a long-term process, even when artificial; it may take many hybrid generations before significant backcrossing occurs. This process is distinct from most forms of gene flow in that it occurs between two populations of different species, rather than two populations of the same species.

Introgression also differs from simple hybridization. Simple hybridization results in a relatively even mixture; gene and allele frequencies in the first generation will be a uniform mix of two parental species, such as that observed in mules. Introgression, on the other hand, results in a complex, highly variable mixture of genes, and may only involve a minimal percentage of the donor genome.
CCGS Des Groseilliers
CCGS Des Groseilliers is a Pierre Radisson-class icebreaker in the Canadian Coast Guard. The vessel is named after Médard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618–1669) a close associate of Pierre-Esprit Radisson in explorations west of the Great Lakes and the founding of the British Hudson's Bay Company. The ship entered service in 1982. The vessel has participated in a number of research voyages, including Ice Station SHEBA. As part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment conducted in the Arctic Ocean from October 1997 to October 1998 to provide polar input to global climate models, Des Groseilliers was allowed to be frozen into the ice for the Arctic winter, to serve as a base for scientific researchers.

Pierre Radisson-class icebreaker
The Pierre Radisson-class icebreakers, also known as R-class icebreakers, are a class of four icebreakers constructed for and operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The Canadian Coast Guard designates the four ships in the class as medium icebreakers. Built in two phases, the first three ships, Pierre Radisson, Franklin and Des Groseilliers, were built to a common design. The fourth, Henry Larsen was built to a modified design and is considered a subclass, the Improved R-class icebreaker. Franklin was later renamed Sir John Franklin before undergoing a re-design for use primarily as an Arctic research vessel. Upon the vessel's return to service, the ship was once again renamed Amundsen. All the vessels are named for people who sailed through Canada's northern waters. The class operates in the Arctic Ocean in the summer, patrolling, icebreaking and research missions.
Castello d'Agogna
Castello d'Agogna is a small town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 km southwest of Milan and about 35 km west of Pavia. It is crossed by the Agogna river.

Castello d'Agogna borders the following municipalities: Ceretto Lomellina, Mortara, Olevano di Lomellina, Sant'Angelo Lomellina, Zeme.

Ceretto Lomellina
Ceretto Lomellina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 km southwest of Milan and about 40 km west of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 228 and an area of 7.4 km².

Ceretto Lomellina borders the following municipalities: Castello d'Agogna, Castelnovetto, Mortara, Nicorvo, Sant'Angelo Lomellina.
Mississauga—Erindale
Mississauga—Erindale was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015.

It was created in 2003 from parts of Mississauga Centre and Mississauga West ridings. In 2013, it was abolished into Mississauga—Erin Mills, Mississauga Centre and Mississauga—Lakeshore.

It consisted of the part of the City of Mississauga bounded by a line drawn from the southwestern city limit northeast along Britannia Road West, southeast along Erin Mills Parkway, northeast along Eglinton Avenue West, southeast along Mavis Road, southwest along the Queensway West, west along the Credit River and southwest along Dundas Street West to the city limit.

Mississauga—Erin Mills (federal electoral district)
Mississauga—Erin Mills is a federal electoral district in Ontario. It encompasses a portion of Ontario formerly included in the electoral district of Mississauga—Erindale.

Mississauga—Erin Mills was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election, held on 19 October 2015.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding lost all of its territory east of Erin Mills Parkway that is north of the 403 to Mississauga—Streetsville. This change came into effect upon the 2025 Canadian federal election.
Tanegashima
Tanegashima (種子島; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.ne.ɡaꜜ.ɕi.ma, -ne.ŋaꜜ-]) is one of the Ōsumi Islands belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The island, 444.99 km2 (171.81 sq mi) in area, is the second largest of the Ōsumi Islands, and has a population of 33,000 people. Access to the island is by ferry, or by air to New Tanegashima Airport. Administratively, the island is divided into the city, Nishinoomote, and the two towns, Nakatane and Minamitane. The towns belong to Kumage District.

Nishinoomote, Kagoshima
Nishinoomote (西之表市, Nishinoomote-shi) is a city located on the island of Tanegashima, in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 14,151 in 7941 households, and a population density of 69 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 205.57 km2 (79.37 sq mi).
Tambaqui
The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is a large species of freshwater fish in the family Serrasalmidae. It is native to tropical South America, but kept in aquaculture and introduced elsewhere. It is also known by the names black pacu, black-finned pacu, giant pacu, cachama, gamitana, and sometimes as pacu (a name used for several other related species).

The tambaqui is currently the only member of Colossoma, but the Piaractus species were also included in this genus in the past.

Serrasalmidae
The Serrasalmidae (serrasalmids) are a family of characiform fishes native to freshwater habitats of South America. They include more than 90 species. The name means "serrated salmon family", which refers to the serrated keel running along the belly of these fish. Fish classified as Serrasalmidae are also known by these common names: pacu, piranha, and silver dollar. These common names generally designate differing dental characteristics and feeding habits.
Verdala Palace
Verdala Palace is a palace in the Buskett Gardens, limits of Siġġiewi, Malta. It was built in 1586 during the reign of Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle, and now serves as the official summer residence of the President of Malta. The palace was previously a residence of the British governor of Malta, together with the San Anton Palace, and was often used by British sovereigns and other royalty during their stay in Malta.

Siġġiewi
Siġġiewi (Maltese: Is-Siġġiewi [ɪsːɪˈd͡ʒːɪːwɪ]), also called by its title Città Ferdinand, is a city and a local council in the Western Region of Malta. It is the third largest council in Malta by surface area, after Rabat and Mellieħa. Siġġiewi is situated on a plateau a few kilometers away from Mdina (the ancient capital city of Malta) and 10 kilometres (6 miles) away from Valletta, the contemporary capital.
Nicola Girasoli
Nicola Girasoli (21 July 1957) is a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has been Apostolic Nuncio to Slovakia since July 2022. He served as nuncio to Zambia and Malawi from 2006 until 2011 and nuncio to the Antilles and several other Caribbean nations from 2011 to 2017. From 2017 to 2022 he served as nuncio to Peru. He has been an archbishop since 2006.

Apostolic Nunciature to Slovakia
The Apostolic Nunciature to Slovakia is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Slovakia. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.
Villa I Tatti
Villa I Tatti, The Harvard Center for Italian Renaissance Studies is a center for advanced research in the humanities located in Florence, Italy, and belongs to Harvard University. It houses a collection of Italian primitives, and of Chinese and Islamic art, as well as a research library of 140,000 volumes and a collection of 250,000 photographs. It is the site of Italian and English gardens. Villa I Tatti is located on an estate of olive groves, vineyards, and gardens on the border of Florence, Fiesole and Settignano.

While guided tours of the gardens are offered, Villa I Tatti itself is not generally open to the public.

Mary Berenson
Mary Berenson (born Mary Whitall Smith; 1864 in Pennsylvania – 1945 in Italy) was an American art historian, now thought to have had a large hand in some of the writings of her second husband, Bernard Berenson.
Revolving door (politics)
In politics, a revolving door denotes a situation where legislators, regulators, or personnel in the public sector moves to a similar position in the private sector, where many work in fields related to lobbying. It is analogous to the movement of people in a physical revolving door, hence its name. Critics assert that such a relationship between the government and private sector can lead to conflict of interest and regulatory capture, based on the granting of reciprocated privileges between them.

The term has also been used to refer to the constant switching and ousting of political leaders from office, such as in Australia (which changed Prime Ministers 6 times from 2007 to 2018), interwar Yugoslavia, and Japan.

José Manuel Barroso
José Manuel Durão Barroso (European Portuguese: [ʒuˈzɛ mɐˈnwɛl duˈɾɐ̃w bɐˈʁozu]; born 23 March 1956) is a Portuguese politician and law professor. He served as the prime minister of Portugal from 2002 to 2004 and as the president of the European Commission from 2004 to 2014.

He has been one of the revolving door cases at the EU, which received the most media attention because only two months after the cooling off period, Barroso accepted a position as "senior adviser" and "non-executive chairman" of Goldman Sachs International and became subject of an ethics inquiry.
Battle of the Bzura
The Battle of the Bzura (or the Battle of Kutno) was the largest battle of the German invasion of Poland and was fought from 9 to 19 September 1939. It was a Polish counter-attack against the Germans.

The battle took place west of Warsaw, near the Bzura River. It began as a Polish counter-offensive and met some initial success, but it faltered as the Germans ultimately outflanked the Polish forces with a concentrated counter-attack, which significantly weakened the Polish forces and resulted in the destruction of the Poznań and Pomorze Armies. The conclusion of the battle marked the completion of the German occupation of Western Poland.: 65–70

The battle has been described as "the bloodiest and most bitter battle of the entire Polish campaign". Winston Churchill called the battle an "ever-glorious struggle".

17th Infantry Division (Poland)
17 Greater Poland Infantry Division was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period. It garrisoned Gniezno and neighboring towns, such as Pleszew and Września. The unit was formed on June 9, 1919, as 3rd Division of Greater Poland Rifles. In 1921 it was renamed into 17 Greater Poland Infantry Division.

During the Polish September Campaign, the Division, under Colonel Mieczyslaw Mozdyniewicz, was part of the Poznań Army. It was destroyed by the Wehrmacht in mid-September 1939, during the Battle of the Bzura.

The 17th Division was briefly reformed as part of the People's Army of Poland in 1945–46.
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
36°26′33.7″N 140°35′45.1″E﻿ / ﻿36.442694°N 140.595861°E﻿ / 36.442694; 140.595861

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is a Japanese atomic energy company.  While it inherited the activities of both JNC and JAERI, it also inherited the nickname of JAERI, "Genken" 原研, an abbreviated word for "nuclear research".

On April 10, 2007, JAEA officially joined the GNEP alliance.  The other members in the alliance are Areva, Washington Group International and BWX.  It is expected that the experience gained from the Rokkasho centrifuge enrichment plant will be a key contribution from JAEA.

On April 1, 2016, JAEA transferred some of its laboratories to the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), and the NIRS body was renamed to the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) which includes existing laboratories of the NIRS.

In 2018 JAEA estimated it would need about 1.9 trillion yen ($17.1 billion) to decommission 79 facilities over 70 years.

Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (Japanese: 日本原子力研究所) (JAERI) is a former semi-governmental organization that existed for the purpose of further nuclear power in Japan. It was created in June 1956 by the Atomic Energy Basic Law.  It merged with Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute and became Japan Atomic Energy Agency on October 1, 2005, which currently carries out the purpose outlined in the law. It was called Genken (原研) for short.
Kubiki, Niigata
Kubiki (頸城村, Kubiki-mura) was a village located in Nakakubiki District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 9,691 and a density of 252.76 persons per km2. The total area was 38.34 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Kubiki, along with the town of Yasuzuka, the villages of Maki, Ōshima and Uragawara (all from Higashikubiki District), the towns of Itakura, Kakizaki, Ōgata and Yoshikawa, the villages of Kiyosato, Nakagō and Sanwa (all from Nakakubiki District), and the town of Nadachi (from Nishikubiki District), was merged into the expanded city of Jōetsu.

Kiyosato, Niigata
Kiyosato (清里村, Kiyosato-mura) was a village located in Nakakubiki District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 3,215 and a density of 85.64 persons per km2. The total area was 37.54 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Kiyosato, along with the town of Yasuzuka, the villages of Maki, Ōshima and Uragawara (all from Higashikubiki District), the towns of Itakura, Kakizaki, Ōgata and Yoshikawa, the villages of Kubiki, Nakagō and Sanwa (all from Nakakubiki District), and the town of Nadachi (from Nishikubiki District), was merged into the expanded city of Jōetsu.
Bexleybus
Bexleybus was a bus operator based in Bexleyheath in London, England. A low cost subsidiary of London Regional Transport's Selkent business unit, it operated services from January 1988 until the company's collapse in January 1991.

London Central
London Central is a bus operator brand under London General Transport Services Limited, trading as Go-Ahead London. It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and primarily operates services in South London under contract to Transport for London.
Von Neumann cellular automaton
Von Neumann cellular automata are the original expression of cellular automata, the development of which was prompted by suggestions made to John von Neumann by his close friend and fellow mathematician Stanislaw Ulam.  Their original purpose was to provide insight into the logical requirements for machine self-replication, and they were used in von Neumann's universal constructor.

Nobili cellular automaton is a variation of von Neumann's cellular automaton, augmented with the ability for confluent cells to cross signals and store information. The former requires an extra three states, hence Nobili's cellular automaton has 32 states, rather than 29. Hutton's cellular automaton is yet another variation, which allows a loop of data, analogous to Langton's loops, to replicate.

Von Neumann neighborhood
In cellular automata, the von Neumann neighborhood (or 4-neighborhood) is classically defined on a two-dimensional square lattice and is composed of a central cell and its four adjacent cells.  The neighborhood is named after John von Neumann, who used it to define the von Neumann cellular automaton and the von Neumann universal constructor within it.  It is one of the two most commonly used neighborhood types for two-dimensional cellular automata, the other one being the Moore neighborhood.

This neighbourhood can be used to define the notion of 4-connected pixels in computer graphics.

The von Neumann neighbourhood of a cell is the cell itself and the cells at a Manhattan distance of 1.

The concept can be extended to higher dimensions, for example forming a 6-cell octahedral neighborhood for a cubic cellular automaton in three dimensions.
Arborio, Piedmont
Arborio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Vercelli.

Arborio borders the municipalities of Ghislarengo, Greggio, Landiona, Recetto, Rovasenda, San Giacomo Vercellese, Sillavengo, Vicolungo, and Villarboit.

Arborio gave its name to arborio rice, a variety often used to make risotto.

Greggio
Greggio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Vercelli.

Greggio borders the following municipalities: Albano Vercellese, Arborio, Recetto, San Nazzaro Sesia, and Villarboit.
Four Presidents Corners
Four Presidents Corners is the quadripoint where the borders of four townships named for the third, fourth, fifth, and seventh American presidents meet in Allen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The townships are Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and Jackson.

Quadripoint
A quadripoint is a point on Earth where four distinct political territories meet. The territories can be of different types, such as national and provincial. In North America, several such places are commonly known as Four Corners. Several examples exist throughout the world that use other names.
Quesnell Heights, Edmonton
Quesnell Heights is a neighbourhood in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is bounded by the Rio Terrace neighbourhood across 149 Street to the west, Whitemud Drive to the north and east, the North Saskatchewan River valley to the south, Quesnell Heights is also the smallest neighbourhood in Edmonton.

The community is represented by the Rio Terrace Community League, established in 1960, which maintains a community hall, outdoor rink and tennis courts located at 155 Street and 76 Avenue.

Rio Terrace, Edmonton
Rio Terrace is a neighbourhood in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is bounded by the Patricia Heights neighbourhood across 156 Street to the west, the Lynnwood neighbourhood across Whitemud Drive to the north, the Quesnell Heights neighbourhood across 149 Street to the east, and the North Saskatchewan River valley to the south.

The community is represented by the Rio Terrace Community League, established in 1960, which maintains a community hall, outdoor rink and tennis courts located at 155 Street and 76 Avenue.
York Place, Edinburgh
York Place is a street in central Edinburgh of almost exclusively 18th century buildings, linking Queen Street to Broughton Street and Leith Walk.

The street's architecture remains almost completely intact but it is one of the busiest streets in the city centre being part of the main east-west route for traffic together with the Edinburgh Trams line and several bus services.

Leith Walk
Leith Walk is one of the longest streets in Edinburgh, Scotland, and is the main road connecting the east end of the city centre to Leith.

Forming most of the A900 road, it slopes downwards from Union Place at the south-western end of the street to the 'Foot of the Walk' at the north-eastern end, where Great Junction Street, Duke Street, Constitution Street and the Kirkgate meet.

For historical reasons the carriageway is known as Leith Walk but the upper half has several stretches with side names including some parts having different names on opposite sides of the street. Running from its upper (south west) end, on the west side of the street the sections are Union Place, Antigua Street, Gayfield Place and Haddington Place; on the east side, sections are titled Greenside Place, Baxter's Place, Elm Row and Brunswick Place.

It continues (on both sides) as Croall Place, Albert Place, Crighton Place and, after the junction with Pilrig Street, as Leith Walk.
Calcium hydride
Calcium hydride is the chemical compound with the formula CaH2, an alkaline earth hydride. This grey powder (white if pure, which is rare) reacts vigorously with water, liberating hydrogen gas. CaH2 is thus used as a drying agent, i.e. a desiccant.

CaH2 is a saline hydride, meaning that its structure is salt-like. The alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals heavier than beryllium all form saline hydrides. A well-known example is sodium hydride, which crystallizes in the NaCl motif. These species are insoluble in all solvents with which they do not react. CaH2 crystallizes in the PbCl2 (cotunnite) structure.

Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H−), a hydrogen ion with two electrons. In modern usage, this is typically only used for ionic bonds, but it is sometimes (and has been more frequently in the past) applied to all compounds containing covalently bound H atoms. In this broad and potentially archaic sense, water (H2O) is a hydride of oxygen, ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen, etc. In covalent compounds, it implies hydrogen is attached to a less electronegative element. In such cases, the H centre has nucleophilic character, which contrasts with the protic character of acids. The hydride anion is very rarely observed.

Almost all of the elements up to Cf form binary compounds with hydrogen, the exceptions being He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Pm, Rn, Fr, and Ra. Exotic molecules such as positronium hydride have also been made.
Band cell
A band cell (also called band neutrophil, band form or stab cell) is a cell undergoing granulopoiesis, derived from a metamyelocyte, and leading to a mature granulocyte.

It is characterized by having a curved but not lobular nucleus.

The term "band cell" implies a granulocytic lineage (e.g., neutrophils).

Metamyelocyte
A metamyelocyte is a cell undergoing granulopoiesis, derived from a myelocyte, and leading to a band cell.

It is characterized by the appearance of a bent nucleus, cytoplasmic granules, and the absence of visible nucleoli. (If the nucleus is not yet bent, then it is likely a myelocyte.)