hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operational definition
An operational definition specifies concrete, replicable procedures designed to represent a construct. In the words of American psychologist S.S. Stevens (1935), "An operation is the performance which we execute in order to make known a concept." For example, an operational definition of "fear" (the construct) often includes measurable physiologic responses that occur in response to a perceived threat. Thus, "fear" might be operationally defined as specified changes in heart rate, electrodermal activity, pupil dilation, and blood pressure.

Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.
2018 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held November 6, 2018 to elect a U.S. Representative from each of New York's 27 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the gubernatorial election, as well as an election to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

Contested primaries were held June 26, 2018. On election day, Democrats gained three New York House seats, and the Democratic Party retook control of the House of Representatives. Democrats won a total of 21 New York House seats, while Republicans won six.

Joe Crowley
Joseph Crowley (born March 16, 1962) is an American former politician who served as U.S. Representative from New York from 1999 to 2019 changing districts once in 2013. He was defeated by Democratic primary challenger Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in what was viewed as one of the biggest upsets of the 2018 midterm elections.

During his tenure, Crowley served as Chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2017 to 2019, as well as the local chairman of the Queens County Democratic Party from 2006 to 2019. He previously served in the New York State Assembly from 1987 to 1998 and as the U.S. representative for the 7th district from 1999 to 2013, when it was redistricted. After leaving Congress, he joined the Washington, D.C. lobbying and law firm Squire Patton Boggs. He left that firm in 2022 and joined the rival law firm Dentons.
North Shore Branch
The North Shore Branch is a currently partially abandoned branch of the Staten Island Railway in New York City, which operated along Staten Island's North Shore from Saint George to Port Ivory. The line started construction in 1884, and rapid transit service on the line started on February 23, 1886. Passenger service on the North Shore Branch ended on March 31, 1953, although freight service continued to run along part of the North Shore Branch until 1989. In 2001, part of the line on the east end was reactivated for a short extension to Ballpark, which was in use from 2001 to 2010. In 2005, freight service on the western portion of the line was reactivated, and there are proposals to reactivate the former passenger line for rail or bus service.

St. George Terminal
St. George Terminal (also known as St. George Ferry Terminal) is a ferry, railway, bus, and park and ride transit center in the St. George neighborhood of Staten Island, New York City. It is located at the intersection of Richmond Terrace and Bay Street, near Staten Island Borough Hall, SIUH Community Park and Richmond County Supreme Court. St. George is a rare example of a rail-boat connection in the United States.
Blato, Zagreb
Blato is a neighborhood located in the Novi Zagreb - zapad city district of Zagreb, Croatia. It is spread along the Karlovačka Road, south of Jadranska Avenue. The population is 2,553 (2011).

Formerly a village on its own, it has been assimilated into the Zagreb agglomeration during the 20th century. The Sava-Odra canal was built in the southwest of Blato in 1979. It consists of single family homes and occasional duplex houses.

Novi Zagreb – zapad
Novi Zagreb – zapad (Croatian pronunciation: [nôʋiː zǎːgreb zâːpad], "Novi Zagreb – west") has the status of a city district (Croatian: gradska četvrt) in Zagreb, Croatia and as such has an elected council.

According to the 2011 Croatian census, Novi Zagreb – zapad had 58,103 residents.
Casimir I of Warsaw
Casimir I of Warsaw (pl: Kazimierz I warszawski; 1329/31 – 26 November/5 December 1355), was a Polish prince, member of the House of Piast, Duke of Czersk 1341–1349 jointly with his brother, after 1345 ruler over Rawa Mazowiecka jointly with his brother, after 1349 sole ruler over Warsaw, after 1351 sole ruler over Sochaczew, Polish vassal since 1351.

He was the third and youngest son of Trojden I of Czersk and Maria, daughter of Yuri I, King of Halych-Volhynia.

Trojden I, Duke of Masovia
Trojden I (1284/86 – 13 March 1341) was a Polish prince, Duke of Czersk from 1310, ruler over Warsaw and Liw from 1313, and regent of Płock in the years 1336–1340. He was a member of the House of Piast.

Trojden was the second son of Bolesław II of Płock and his first wife Gaudemantė (Sophia), the daughter of Grand Duke Traidenis of Lithuania. He was named after his maternal grandfather.
Kaltasinsky District
Kaltasinsky District (Russian: Калтаси́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ҡалтасы районы, Qaltası rayonı; Meadow Mari: Калтаса кундем, Kaltasa kundem) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders Yanaulsky District to the north, Burayevsky District to the east and southeast, Dyurtyulinsky District to the south and Krasnokamsky District to the west. The area of the district is 1,548.35 square kilometers (597.82 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kaltasy. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 26,268, with the population of Kaltasy accounting for 16.8% of that number.

Krasnokamsky District
Krasnokamsky District (Russian: Краснока́мский райо́н; Bashkir: Краснокама районы, Krasnokama rayonı; Tatar: Кызыл Кама районы, Qızıl Qama rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders with the territory of the city of republic significance of Neftekamsk in the north, Yanaulsky District in the northeast, Kaltasinsky District in the east, Ilishevsky District in the south, the Republic of Tatarstan in the south and southwest, and with the Udmurt Republic in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,594.92 square kilometers (615.80 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nikolo-Beryozovka. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,986, with the population of Nikolo-Beryozovka accounting for 21.8% of that number.
I Love You (2007 Bengali film)
I Love You is a 2007 Indian Bengali romantic drama film by Ravi Kinagi and starring Dev, Payel and Tapas Paul. It was a Shree Venkatesh Films production. The movie is a remake of 2005 Telugu movie Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana.

Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana
Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana (pronounced [nuvːostaːnaṇʈeː neːnodːaṇʈaːnaː]; transl. If you wish to come, would I refuse?) is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film directed by Prabhu Deva in his directorial debut and produced by M. S. Raju under Sumanth Art Productions. The film stars Srihari, Siddharth, and Trisha. The music was composed by Devi Sri Prasad, with cinematography by Venu. The film's title was inspired by the song of the same name from Varsham (2004), sung by K. S. Chithra.

The film won nine Filmfare Awards South (including Best Film) and five Nandi Awards. The film was remade in nine other languages—the highest for any Indian film. The film also holds the distinction of receiving the most Filmfare Awards by any South Indian film.
Kawasaki Strong 2021
Kawasaki Strong 2021 was a professional wrestling event promoted by CyberFight's DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). It took place on February 14, 2021, in Kawasaki, Japan, at the Culttz Kawasaki arena. The event aired live on Fighting TV Samurai and on DDT's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

Eight matches were contested at the event. The main event saw Jun Akiyama defeat Tetsuya Endo to win the KO-D Openweight Championship. In another prominent match, Yuki Ueno successfully retained the DDT Universal Championship against Yukio Sakaguchi.

KO-D 10-Man Tag Team Championship
The KO-D (King of DDT) 10-Man Tag Team Championship (Japanese: KO-D10人タッグ王座, Hepburn: KO-D Jū-nin Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling championship owned by the DDT Pro-Wrestling promotion. Meant for teams of five wrestlers, the title is believed to be the first of its kind in professional wrestling. The title was first announced on April 30, 2017, with the inaugural champions crowned on August 20, 2017.

Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won as a result of a scripted match. The current title holders are Daisuke Sasaki, Demus, Hideki Okatani, MJ Paul and Ilusion.
Tiny Times 3
Tiny Times 3 (Chinese: 小时代：刺金时代) is a 2014 Chinese romantic drama film and the third installment of the Tiny Times franchise directed and written by Guo Jingming. Filming started in Rome on December 10, 2013. The film released on July 17, 2014.

Tiny Times (film series)
Tiny Times is a Chinese film series directed and written by Guo Jingming, all adapted from his novels.

The first installment of the series based on the first novel was released on June 27, 2013. A sequel titled Tiny Times 2, which was filmed together with the first film and based on the second half of the novel, was released on August 8, 2013. Tiny Times 3, the third installment of the franchise was released on July 17, 2014. Tiny Times 4, the fourth and last film of the series, was released on July 9, 2015.  Though the series has received negative reviews from Chinese film critics, Tiny Times has become one of the most successful  movie franchises, and has garnered many fans among young Chinese cinema-going audience.
Alresford railway station (Essex)
Alresford railway station is on the Sunshine Coast Line, a branch of the Great Eastern Main Line, in the East of England, serving the village of Alresford, Essex. It is 57 miles 63 chains (93.0 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Wivenhoe to the west and Great Bentley to the east. In official literature it is shown as Alresford (Essex) in order to distinguish it from the station of the same name in Hampshire. Its three-letter station code is ALR.

The station was opened by the Tendring Hundred Railway in 1866. It is currently managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains serving the station.

Alresford, Essex
Alresford (/ˈɒlsfərd/ ⓘ OLS-fərd or /ˈeɪlsfərd/ AYLS-fərd) is a village and civil parish in the Tendring district of Essex, England. It is centred 9 km (5.6 mi) southeast of Colchester and is 39 km (24 mi) northeast from the county town of Chelmsford. It has a primary school, pre-school and church. Alresford won the Essex Village of the year competition in 2012 and tied for first place (in its class) for another Essex Village of the Year award in 2019. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 2,462.
25th Arizona Territorial Legislature
The 25th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was the final session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature.  The session convened in Phoenix, Arizona, and ran from January 18 till March 18, 1909.  Its actions include the creation of Greenlee County, establishing the Arizona Pioneers' Home, and requiring primary elections.

Joseph Henry Kibbey
Joseph Henry Kibbey (March 4, 1853 – June 14, 1924) was an American attorney who served as Associate Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court from 1889 to 1893 and Governor of Arizona Territory from 1905 to 1909.  His legal career is most remembered for his efforts in the area of water law, his key legal contributions being the "Kibbey Decision", a legal ruling establishing the principle that "water belongs to the land", and creation of the legal framework for the Salt River Valley Water User's Association, a model for federal water projects in the American West.  As governor, Kibbey was a leader in the effort to prevent Arizona and New Mexico territories from being combined into a single U.S. state.
Sima Milutinović
Sima Milutinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Сима Милутиновић, 12 July 1899 – 11 December 1981), was a Yugoslav mechanical engineer and a professor at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, at the University of Belgrade, the most prolific Yugoslav aircraft constructor.

Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H
The Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H (Serbian: Рогожарски СИМ-XIV-Х) was a 1930s Yugoslav coastal reconnaissance floatplane and light bomber, twin-engine, with three crew members. It was designed and built at the Rogožarski factory in Belgrade.
River (TV series)
River is a six-part British television drama series, created and written by Abi Morgan and starring Stellan Skarsgård and Nicola Walker. It premiered on BBC One on 13 October 2015 and internationally on Netflix on 18 November 2015. The series is a police procedural. Detective Inspector John River is suffering from guilt over a recent loss.

Thomas Neill Cream
Thomas Neill Cream (27 May 1850 – 15 November 1892), also known as the Lambeth Poisoner, was a Scottish-Canadian medical doctor and serial killer who poisoned his victims with strychnine. Cream murdered up to ten people in three countries, targeting mostly lower-class women, sex workers and pregnant women seeking abortions. He was convicted and sentenced to death, and was hanged on 15 November 1892.

A popular rumour, started by hangman James Billington, claims that Cream's last words were "I am Jack the...", seemingly a confession to being Jack the Ripper. However, Billington is the only source for this alleged statement, and official records show that Cream was incarcerated in Illinois during the Ripper murders.
Biscari massacre
The Biscari massacre was a war crime committed by members of the United States Army during World War II. It refers to two incidents in which U.S. soldiers were involved in killing 71 unarmed Italian and 2 German prisoners-of-war at the Regia Aeronautica's 504 air base in Santo Pietro, a small village near Caltagirone, southern Sicily, Italy on 14 July 1943.

Acate
Acate (Sicilian: Acati or Vischiri) is a small town and comune in the south of Sicily, Italy, part of the province of Ragusa.  It is located in the Dirillo River valley, 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Ragusa.

Until 1938 it was called Biscari, and its history dates back until the 14th century. During World War II it was the location of the Biscari Massacre, in which American troops killed numerous unarmed German and Italian soldiers.
Beam Dormitory
Beam Dormitory was the first permanent building at the American Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary in Columbia, South Carolina.  It was built on the highest point in Columbia in 1911 based on a design by noted Virginia architect Charles M. Robinson.  The structure was built by Wise Granite Co.  It included a chapel, housing, refectory, classrooms, and faculty offices.  Beam Hall is now used as a dormitory and also contains office suites, meeting rooms, and an exercise facility.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary
Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary (LTSS) is a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and located in Hickory, North Carolina. It offers theological degrees. In 2012, it merged with Lenoir-Rhyne University, also affiliated with the ELCA. Until January 2025, LTSS operated on its pre-merger campus in Columbia, South Carolina.
Vågåmo
Vågåmo is the administrative centre of Vågå Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the Otta River, at the eastern end of the lake Vågåvatn in the Ottadalen valley. The Norwegian National Road 15 passes through the village. The 1.68-square-kilometre (420-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,471 and a population density of 876 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,270/sq mi).

Vågåmo is home to a local museum, the Jutulheimen Bygdemuseum, and to the historical Klones farm which is also the location of the Nord-Gudbrandsdalen Upper Secondary School (videregående skole) which specializes in agriculture. The Klones farm dates back to the 15th century and has been the location of the school since 1919. There are also many horses and a store named Jutulbue there. Vågå Church is located in the village.

Vågåvatnet
Vågåvatnet is a lake located in Lom Municipality and Vågå Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The lake is part of the river Otta, which begins in Skjåk Municipality, flows into lake Vågåvatn. It then exits the Vågåvatn at the village of Vågåmo and continues its journey through the Ottadalen valley before leaving Vågå Municipality to meet the Gudbrandsdalslågen river at the town of Otta in Sel Municipality.

The 14.76-square-kilometre (5.70 sq mi) lake sits at an elevation of 362 metres (1,188 ft) above sea level. The lake is one of the 200 largest lakes in Norway.
Islamophobia in Australia
Islamophobia in Australia is distrust and hostility towards Muslims, Islam, and those perceived as following the religion. This social aversion and bias is often facilitated and perpetuated in the media through the stereotyping of Muslims as violent and uncivilised. Various Australian politicians and political commentators have capitalised on these negative stereotypes and this has contributed to the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion of the Muslim community.

Islamophobia and intolerance towards Muslims existed well prior to the September 11 attacks in the United States. For example, Muslim immigration to Australia was restricted under the White Australia Policy (1901–1975).

Reclaim Australia
Reclaim Australia is a far-right Australian nationalist protest group which is associated with nationalist and neo-Nazi hate groups. The group was formed in 2015, holding street rallies in cities across Australia to protest against Islam. It has protested in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Newcastle and Canberra. Reclaim Australia has also been described as a loose collective of groups.
The Flash: Rebirth
The Flash: Rebirth  is a six-issue 2009 - 2010 monthly American comic book limited series written by Geoff Johns and illustrated by Ethan Van Sciver. The series was published by DC Comics, and features characters from throughout the nearly seventy-year-long history of Flash comics. The storyline follows the "rebirth" of the Silver Age character The Flash,  Barry Allen, after his initial return in DC's 2008 crossover storyline "Final Crisis".

This is the second "rebirth" limited series issued by DC Comics, it was preceded by Green Lantern: Rebirth (2005), which reintroduced Green Lantern Hal Jordan into the DC universe. The first issue was published on April 1, 2009. The series was first planned to last for five issues, but was extended to six.

Green Lantern: Rebirth
Green Lantern: Rebirth is a six-issue monthly American comic book limited series written by Geoff Johns and illustrated by Ethan Van Sciver. Published by DC Comics between October 2004 and May 2005, the series featured characters from throughout the sixty-year history of Green Lantern comics.

The storyline follows the "rebirth" of the Silver Age Green Lantern Hal Jordan as he overcomes fear itself in the form of the cosmic entity Parallax. The series starred various members of the intergalactic police force known as the Green Lantern Corps, Kyle Rayner, John Stewart and Guy Gardner. It revived elements of the Green Lantern mythos including the Guardians of the Universe, Kilowog and the villain Sinestro, while introducing new concepts such as the emotional spectrum. In addition, the GLC power ring's flaw of being unable to directly affect the color yellow is significantly weakened, allowing experienced Corps members to overcome it if they can conquer their fear.
Caupichigau Lake
Caupichigau Lake is a freshwater body of the southern part of Eeyou Istchee James Bay (municipality), in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The surface of the lake is largely in the townships of Berey and Daine. Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational tourism activities come second.

The hydrographic slope of Lake Caupichigau is accessible through the road 113 which link Lebel-sur-Quevillon to Chibougamau. The surface of Lake Caupichigau is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

La Trêve Lake
La Trêve Lake is a freshwater body of the southern part of Eeyou Istchee James Bay (municipality), in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The surface of the lake is largely in the cantons of Daine and Guettard; in addition, Rita Bay (in the South) extends into the canton of La Ribourde. Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational tourism activities come second.

The hydrographic slope of La Trêve Lake is accessible via a forest road from the South and serving the western part of the lake; this road links to road 113 linking Lebel-sur-Quévillon to Chibougamau. The surface of "Lac la Trêve" is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.
Linnaean Society of New England
The Linnaean Society of New England (1814–1822) was established in Boston, Massachusetts, to promote natural history. The society organized a natural history museum and also arranged lectures and excursions for its members. In 1817 it became involved in the Gloucester sea serpent debate. Although the society itself did not last, its initial energy and rapid accomplishments helped shape the growing field of natural history in the early years of the United States.

John White Webster
John White Webster (May 20, 1793 – August 30, 1850) was an American professor of chemistry and geology at Harvard Medical College. In 1850, he was convicted of murder in the Parkman–Webster murder case and hanged.