hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fulfinum
Municipium Flavium Fulfinum was an old Roman settlement on the island of Krk, Croatia, just a few kilometres from the town of Omišalj.

Archaeological findings show the first traces of settlement in the area dating back into the 1st century when the Romans settled the area following the Illyrian Wars as a retirement community for soldiers.  The Romans constructed the city for the retired Roman soldiers during the Flavian dynasty. The settlement was abandoned in the Late antiquity.

Krk
Krk (pronounced [kr̩̂k]; Italian: Veglia; Istro Romanian: Krk; Vegliot Dalmatian: Vikla; archaic German: Vegl, Latin: Curicta; Ancient Greek: Κύρικον, romanized: Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. Krk is tied with Cres as the largest Adriatic island, depending on the methodology used to measure the coastline. Krk is the most populous island in the Adriatic, with multiple towns and villages that contain a total of 19,916 (2021) inhabitants.
Perry County, Missouri
Perry County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,956. Its county seat is Perryville. The county was officially organized on November 16, 1820 (effective January 1, 1821) from Ste. Genevieve County and was named after Oliver Hazard Perry, a naval hero of the War of 1812.

Bollinger County, Missouri
Bollinger County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,567. The county seat, largest and only city, is Marble Hill. The largely rural county is supported by agriculture and construction. The county was officially organized in March 1851 from portions of Wayne, Cape Girardeau and Stoddard Counties, and named in honor of George Frederick Bollinger, an early settler.

Bollinger County is part of the Cape Girardeau, MO–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of the "Missouri dinosaur" discovered at an archaeological dig near Glen Allen in 1942. Blue Pond, the deepest natural pond in Missouri, is located in the southern portion of the county.
Sycamore, Sequoyah County, Oklahoma
Sycamore is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sequoyah County, Oklahoma, United States. It is part of the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 150 at the 2000 census.

Fort Smith metropolitan area
The Fort Smith Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is a three-county area including two Arkansas counties and one Oklahoma county, and anchored by the city of Fort Smith, Arkansas. The total MSA population in 2000 was 273,170 people, estimated by the Bureau to have grown to 289,693 people by 2007.

Other major cities located within the area include Van Buren, Arkansas and Sallisaw, Oklahoma.
Woman of the Year
Woman of the Year is a 1942 American romantic comedy drama film directed by George Stevens and starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn. The film was written by Ring Lardner Jr. and Michael Kanin (with uncredited work on the rewritten ending by John Lee Mahin), and produced by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. The film's plot is about the relationship between Tess Harding—an international affairs correspondent, chosen "Woman of the Year"—and Sam Craig—a sportswriter—who meet, marry, and encounter problems as a result of her unflinching commitment to her work. In 1999, Woman of the Year was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
Ngga Pulu
Ngga Pulu is summit on the north rim of Mount Carstensz in the western part of the island of New Guinea rising 4,862 metres (15,951 ft). Trigonometric measurements showed that Ngga Pulu was (and had been for many centuries before) the highest mountain of New Guinea and also the highest summit of the Australia-New Guinea continent. The elevation of Ngga Pulu in 1936 was about 4,907 m (16,099 ft), and it was the highest and most prominent peak between the Himalaya and the Andes. However, due to glacial melting, Ngga Pulu lost a high margin of elevation in the 20th century, being surpassed by Puncak Jaya. It is surrounded by one of Indonesia's only three glaciers, including the one on Puncak Trikora.

Sumantri
Sumantri Peak (also spelled Soemantri or Soemantri Brodjonegoro) is a sharp mountain in the western Sudirman Range (Central Papua). It rises 4,870 metres (15,978 ft).

The peak is approximately 2 km northeast of Carstensz Pyramid (4,884 m), the highest mountain of Oceania. The north side of Sumantri is dominated by tremendous cliffs, part of the Noordwand (Northwall) of the Carstensz Massif, that wrap around to the eastern and western sides of the mountain. Remnants of the once mighty Northwall Firn (now separated into eastern and western parts) cling tenuously to the southern aspects of the peak. It is unlikely that this ice will last for more than the next 15 years.
Substantia nigra
The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", reflecting the fact that parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the  substantia nigra pars compacta.

Although the substantia nigra appears as a continuous band in brain sections, anatomical studies have found that it actually consists of two parts with very different connections and functions: the pars compacta (SNpc) and the pars reticulata (SNpr). The pars compacta serves mainly as a projection to the basal ganglia circuit, supplying the striatum with dopamine. The pars reticulata conveys signals from the basal ganglia to numerous other brain structures.

Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.

It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".
Landen
Landen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɑndə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and city located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. The municipality comprises the city of Landen proper and the villages of Attenhoven, Eliksem, Ezemaal, Laar, Neerlanden, Neerwinden, Overwinden, Rumsdorp, Waasmont, Walsbets, Walshoutem, Wange and Wezeren. On January 1, 2006, Landen had a total population of 14,682. The total area is 54.05 km² which gives a population density of 272 inhabitants per km².

Eliksem
Eliksem is a village located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. 
It is part of the municipality of Landen.

The village is known for the Battle of Elixheim, where the word Elixheim is an 18th-century English/French transformation of Eliksem.

50°47′03″N 5°00′35″E﻿ / ﻿50.78417°N 5.00972°E﻿ / 50.78417; 5.00972
David Guggenheim
David Guggenheim is an American screenwriter, producer, and novelist.

He is best known for writing the 2012 films Safe House and Stolen, as well as creating and writing for the 2016 television series Designated Survivor.

In 2013, the film rights to a suspense novel published by Little, Brown and Company that Guggenheim co-wrote with Nicholas Mennuti entitled Weaponized, were purchased by Bluegrass Films and Guggenheim was attached as screenwriter. He also worked on an earlier draft of Bad Boys for Life, and the screenplays for Uncharted and the upcoming film Narco Sub.

His older brothers are screenwriters Marc Guggenheim and Eric Guggenheim.

In 2019, Guggenheim joined other WGA writers in firing their agents as part of the WGA's stand against the ATA and the practice of packaging.

In 2023, Guggenheim announced that he would once again join with the WGA in the 2023 writers strike.

Marc Guggenheim
Marc Guggenheim (born September 24, 1970) is an American screenwriter, television producer, comic book writer, and novelist. He is best known as the creator of the television series Eli Stone (2008–2009), Arrow (2012–2020), and Legends of Tomorrow (2016–2022), executive producer of the animated series Tales of Arcadia (2016–2021), as well as the writer of the feature films Green Lantern (2011) and Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters (2013).
Former Great Western Road Alignment, Prospect
Former Great Western Road Alignment, Prospect is a heritage-listed stretch of road, now divided into four separately-named sections of road and partially divided by the M4 Western Motorway at, Prospect, City of Blacktown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The road was initiated by Governor Lachlan Macquarie, likely surveyed by George Evans and built from 1815 to 1818 by William Cox. It is also known as The Western Road, The Great Western Road, The Old Western Road and The Great Western Highway. The property is owned by Blacktown City Council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 27 June 2014.

Great Western Highway
Great Western Highway is a 202-kilometre-long (126 mi) state highway in New South Wales, Australia. From east to west, the highway links Sydney with Bathurst, on the state's Central Tablelands. The highway also has local road names between the Sydney city centre and Parramatta, being: Broadway from Haymarket to Chippendale, Parramatta Road from Chippendale to Parramatta, and Church Street through Parramatta.
Temporal bone
The temporal bone is a paired bone situated at the sides and base of the skull, lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the temples where four of the cranial bones fuse. Each temple is covered by a temporal muscle. The temporal bones house the structures of the ears. The lower seven cranial nerves and the major vessels to and from the brain traverse the temporal bone.

Squamosal bone
The squamosal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. In fishes, it is also called the pterotic bone.

In most tetrapods, the squamosal and quadratojugal bones form the cheek series of the skull. The bone forms an ancestral component of the dermal roof and is typically thin compared to other skull bones.

The squamosal bone lies ventral to the temporal series and otic notch, and is bordered anteriorly by the postorbital. Posteriorly, the squamosal articulates with the quadrate and pterygoid bones. The squamosal is bordered anteroventrally by the jugal and ventrally by the quadratojugal.
Gentiana occidentalis
Gentiana occidentalis is a species of Gentian found in the Pyrenean Mountains in northern Spain in the alpine zone. It is distinguished from other similar Gentians in the Pyrenees by the sepals which have incurved tips.

Gentiana
Gentiana (/ˌdʒɛntʃiˈeɪnə/) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the gentian family (Gentianaceae), the tribe Gentianeae, and the monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. With over 300 species, it is considered a large genus. Gentians are notable for their mostly large trumpet-shaped flowers, which are often of an intense blue hue, though some are also bright yellow. The type species of the genus is Gentiana lutea.

The genus name is a tribute to Gentius, an Illyrian king who may have discovered tonic properties in gentians.
Javan blue flycatcher
The Javan blue flycatcher (Cyornis banyumas) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae.
It is endemic to the Indonesian islands of Java and Panaitan. The Dayak blue flycatcher (Cyornis montanus) of Borneo, which was formerly considered conspecific, was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.

It is typically solitary or spends time in pairs.

Dayak blue flycatcher
The Dayak blue flycatcher (Cyornis montanus) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae.
It is endemic to the island of Borneo. The Dayak blue flycatcher, formerly considered conspecific with the Javan blue flycatcher (Cyornis banyumas), was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.
Eshqabad Rural District (Miyan Jolgeh County)
Eshqabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان عشق آباد) is in the Central District of Miyan Jolgeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Raisi. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Eshqabad.

Raisi, Razavi Khorasan
Raisi (Persian: رئيسی) is a village in, and the capital of, Eshqabad Rural District of the Central District of Miyan Jolgeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Eshqabad.
Acquacotta
Acquacotta (Italian: [ˌakkwaˈkɔtta]; lit. 'cooked water') is an Italian broth-based bread soup that was originally a peasant food. Its preparation and consumption dates back to ancient history, and it originated in the coastal area known as the Maremma, in southern Tuscany and northern Lazio. The dish was invented in part as a means to make hardened, stale bread edible. In contemporary times, ingredients can vary, and additional ingredients are sometimes used. Variations of the dish include acquacotta con funghi and acquacotta con peperoni.

Peasant foods
Peasant foods are dishes eaten by peasants, made from accessible and inexpensive ingredients.

Studies on historical rural diets in Sweden indicates that peasant foods were predominantly grain-based. Periodic shortages in domestic grain production led to Sweden's reliance on imported grains while the Swedish peasants relied on locally available resources to survive.

In many historical periods, peasant foods have been stigmatized.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption to baseball around the world, mirroring its impact across all sports. Leagues around the world experienced delayed starts, cancelled seasons, limited or no fan attendance, game postponements, and other restrictions in 2020 and 2021. Most leagues, including Major League Baseball, began to transition back to a normal schedule with fan attendance in 2021. Since then, few leagues have widespread restrictions in place, but players may still miss time if they contract the virus.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
JB Magsaysay
Joseph Benedict Aquino Magsaysay, also known as JB Magsaysay (born July 6, 1980), is a Filipino actor, a politician, a businessman and was one of the 13 housemates of ABS-CBN's Pinoy Big Brother, Season 1. He was the second evicted housemate on his 35th day in Pinoy Big Brother's house.

Magsaysay was born in San Juan, La Union; he is a grand nephew of former Philippine president Ramon Magsaysay, and also the first cousin of the late Ram Revilla. He graduated with a college degree at the Philippine School of Business Administration in Quezon City. He entered politics for his hometown on 2007 local elections but he lost.

Ramon Magsaysay
Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr. QSC GCGH KGE GCC (August 31, 1907 – March 17, 1957) was the seventh president of the Philippines, serving from 1953 until his death in 1957. An automobile mechanic by profession, Magsaysay was appointed military governor of Zambales after his outstanding service as a guerrilla leader during the Pacific War. He then served two terms as Liberal Party congressman for Zambales's at-large district before being appointed Secretary of National Defense by President Elpidio Quirino. He was eventually elected as president under the banner of the Nacionalista Party, the youngest to be elected to the position, and second youngest overall (after Emilio Aguinaldo). He was the first Philippine president born in the 20th century and the first to be born after the Spanish colonial era. Magsaysay died in a plane crash on March 17, 1957, in Cebu. His successor, Carlos P. Garcia, assumed the presidency. He is the most recent Philippine president to have died in office.
Indiana Rangers
The Indiana Rangers, also known as the Indiana Territorial Mounted Rangers, were a mounted militia formed in 1807 and operated in the early part of the 19th century to defend settlers in Indiana Territory from attacks by Native Americans. The rangers were present at the Battle of Tippecanoe, and served as auxiliaries to the army during the War of 1812. At the peak of their activities they numbered over 400 men.

Vallonia, Indiana
Vallonia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Driftwood and Brownstown townships, Jackson County, Indiana, United States. It was an 18th-century French settlement and 19th-century American frontier fortification known as Fort Vallonia. As of the 2010 census, Vallonia had a population of 336.
154th Georgia General Assembly
The 154th Georgia General Assembly convened its first session on January 9, 2017, at the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta.  Its second session was January 8 through March 29, 2018.  The 154th Georgia General Assembly preceded the 153rd of 2015 and 2016, and succeeded by the 155th in 2019 and 2020.

155th Georgia General Assembly
The 155th Georgia General Assembly convened its first session on January 14, 2019, at the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta. The first session lasted for 40 legislative days in early 2019, and a second session began on January 13, 2020. The 155th Georgia General Assembly succeeds the 154th of 2017 and 2018, and precedes the 156th in 2021 and 2022.

The membership of the General Assembly was elected in the 2018 State Senate and State House elections.
Hukusjøen
Hukusjøen is a lake in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2.77-square-kilometre (1.07 sq mi) lake lies on the border of Grue Municipality and Åsnes Municipality. The lake is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southwest of the village of Hof, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of the village of Risberget, and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northwest of the village of Kirkenær.

Grue Municipality
Grue is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Solør. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Kirkenær. Other villages in the municipality include Bergesida, Grinder, Namnå, Risberget, Rotberget, Skasenden, and Svullrya.

The 837-square-kilometre (323 sq mi) municipality is the 136th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Grue is the 193rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,513. The municipality's population density is 5.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (14/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 8.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Paul Ri Moun-hi
Paul Ri Moun-hi (14 September 1935 – 14 March 2021) was a South Korean Roman Catholic archbishop.

Ri Moun-hi was born in South Korea and was ordained to the priesthood in 1965. He served as auxiliary bishop, coadjutor archbishop and archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Daegu, South Korea, from 1972 until 2007.

Archdiocese of Daegu
The Archdiocese of Daegu (previously known as Taiku or Taegu) is a particular church of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. The Archbishop of Daegu, whose seat is at Kyesan Cathedral in Daegu, is Metropolitan bishop for the Dioceses of Andong, Cheongju, Masan, and Busan.

It is the second oldest episcopal see in Korea, erected as an apostolic vicariate on April 8, 1911, from the Apostolic Vicariate of Korea. It was elevated to archdiocesan status on March 10, 1962.
Num kom
Num kom (Khmer: នំគម) is a traditional Cambodian steamed rice cake made from glutinous rice flour, filled with a mixture of grated coconut, palm sugar, and toasted sesame seeds. distinctively wrapped in banana leaves in a pyramid shape.

Along with num ansom, it is one of the most significant traditional cakes in Cambodia, traditionally prepared during major festivals such as Pchum Ben (Ancestors' Day), Khmer New Year, and weddings.

Rice cake
A rice cake may be any kind of food item made from rice that has been shaped, condensed, or otherwise combined into a single object. A wide variety of rice cakes exist in many different cultures in which rice is eaten. Common variations include cakes made with rice flour, those made from ground rice, and those made from whole grains of rice compressed together or combined with some other binding substance.
Arab cuisine
Arab cuisine collectively refers to the regional culinary traditions of the Arab world, consisting of the Maghreb (the west) and the Mashriq (the east). These cuisines are centuries-old and reflect the culture of trading in ingredients, spices, herbs, and commodities among the Arabs. The regions have many similarities, but also unique traditions. They have also been influenced by climate, cultivation, and mutual commerce.

Arabic tea
Arabic tea (Arabic: شَايْ عَرَبي, romanized: šhāy ʿarabiyy, pronounced shay [ʃæiː] ⓘ) is a variety of hot teas popular throughout the Arab world. It is commonly served to guests and business partners at meetings and social events, and has been drunk by Arab people for centuries.
Neoroepera
Neoroepera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Picrodendraceae, first described in 1866. The two species in the genus are endemic to the State of Queensland in northeastern Australia.

Species

Neoroepera banksii Benth. – Shire of Cook

Neoroepera buxifolia Müll.Arg. – Gladstone District

Picrodendraceae
Picrodendraceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 80 species in 25 genera. These are subtropical to tropical and found in New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Madagascar, continental Africa, and tropical America. Its closest relatives are Phyllanthaceae.

This family used to be known as the subfamily Oldfieldioideae of the Euphorbiaceae.
Bismarck Tower (Ballenstedt)
The Bismarck Tower (German: Bismarckturm) on the 268-metre (879 ft) high Stahlsberg above Opperode in Germany is a monument to the former German chancellor, Bismarck. The tower can be used as an observation tower. It was built in 1914/15.

Bismarck tower
A Bismarck tower (German: Bismarckturm) is a specific type of monument built according to a more or less standard model across Germany to honour its first chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (d. 1898). A total of 234 of these towers were inventoried by Kloss and Seele in 2007 but more have been discovered since making the total around 240. These towers were built between 1869 and 1934 and some 173 remain today.  Quite a few of these towers, including all 47 based on Wilhelm Kreis's Götterdämmerung design, were built as so-called Bismarck Columns (Bismarcksäulen) or were converted into them. This description goes back to the Student Union's competition held in 1899, which was to encourage the erection of as many beacons as possible (and not observation towers). But other Bismarck towers, e.g., those that were purely beacons with no observation function, were often called Bismarck columns.