hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrew Yule and Company
Andrew Yule & Co. Ltd. is an Indian central public sector undertaking under the ownership of the Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India. It is currently headquartered in Kolkata, and has offices in the main Indian cities. The majority of the products and services offered by the cpsu's subsidiaries are related to heavy industry and engineering.

Sir David Yule, 1st Baronet
Sir David Yule, 1st Baronet (4 August 1858 – 3 July 1928) was a Scottish businessman based in British India. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography judged him "arguably the most important businessman in India" and quoted his obituary in The Times as "one of the wealthiest men, if not the wealthiest man, in the country".
Hirofumi Araki
Hirofumi Araki (荒木 宏文, Araki Hirofumi; born June 14, 1983) is a Japanese actor and singer associated with Watanabe Entertainment. He is a member of the acting troupe D-Boys and the leader of its pop unit D-Date. As an actor, Araki has been involved in many theater and television projects, notably starring in Musical: The Prince of Tennis, Juken Sentai Gekiranger, and Musical: Touken Ranbu. In 2015, Araki made his solo debut with his single Next Stage. On June 14, 2023, Araki changed his name to 新木 宏典, but it is still read the same way.

Yuya Endo
Yuya Endo (遠藤 雄弥, Endō Yūya; born March 20, 1987) is a Japanese actor and singer. He is best known for his role as Ryoma Echizen in The Prince of Tennis musical series (commonly known as Tenimyu). He was also part of a young men's stage acting troupe, D-BOYS, which perform in various skit-like performances.
Hiroaki Samura
Hiroaki Samura (沙村 広明, Samura Hiroaki, born February 17, 1970) is a Japanese manga artist, known for Blade of the Immortal, as well as several other short works. He has also done various illustrations for magazines and ero guro work.

Monthly Afternoon
Monthly Afternoon (月刊アフタヌーン, Gekkan Afutanūn) is a Japanese monthly seinen manga anthology published by Kodansha under the Afternoon line of magazines. The first issue was released in December 1986. Afternoon has spawned many successful manga series such as Oh My Goddess!, Genshiken, Blade of the Immortal and Big Windup!. It is part of Kodansha's "1day" series, which also includes the magazines Morning and Evening. A spin-off magazine, named good! Afternoon, started publishing on November 7, 2008.
Decidable sublanguages of set theory
In mathematical logic, various sublanguages of set theory are decidable. They are referred to as syllogistics. Together with the operations of set algebra, decidable languages include:

Sets with monotone, additive, and multiplicative functions, but without quantifiers.

Sets with restricted quantifiers.

Decidability (logic)
In logic, a true/false decision problem is decidable if there exists an effective method for deriving the correct answer. Logical systems are decidable if membership in their set of logically valid formulas (or theorems) can be effectively determined. Zeroth-order logic (propositional logic) is decidable, whereas first-order and higher-order logic are not. A theory (set of sentences closed under logical consequence) in a fixed logical system is decidable if there is an effective method for determining whether arbitrary formulas are included in the theory. Many important problems are undecidable, that is, it has been proven that no effective method for determining membership (returning a correct answer after finite, though possibly very long, time in all cases) can exist for them.
Lower of cost or market
In accounting, lower of cost or market (LCM or LOCOM) is a conservative approach to valuing and reporting inventory. Normally, ending inventory is stated at historical cost.  However, there are times when the original cost of the ending inventory is greater than the net realizable value, and thus the inventory has lost value.  If the inventory has decreased in value below historical cost, then its carrying value is reduced and reported on the balance sheet.  The criterion for reporting this is the current market value.  Any loss resulting from the decline in the value of inventory is charged to "cost of goods sold" (COGS) if non-material, or "loss on the reduction of inventory to LCM" if material.

Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold (COGS) (also cost of products sold (COPS), or cost of sales) is the carrying value of goods sold during a particular period.

Costs are associated with particular goods using one of several formulas, including specific identification, first-in first-out (FIFO), or average cost. Costs include all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs that are incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Costs of goods made by the businesses include material, labor, and allocated overhead. The costs of those goods which are not yet sold are deferred as costs of inventory until the inventory is sold or written down in value.
Disrupt
Disrupt was an American crust punk band from Lynn, Massachusetts, that was active from 1987 to 1993. The band acquired a cult following on the strength of several 7" records and compilation appearances, and have since been cited as legendary. Their lyrics were politically anarchist, expressing animal rights and anti-capitalist views.

Relapse Records
Relapse Records is an American independent record label based in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Matthew F. Jacobson in 1990. The label features many grindcore, death metal, metalcore and sludge metal artists.
The Exile (1931 film)
The Exile is a 1931 American pre-Code film directed by Oscar Micheaux with choreography by Leonard Harper. A drama-romance of the race film genre, The Exile was Micheaux's first feature-length sound film, and the first African-American sound film. Adapted from Micheaux's first novel The Conquest (1913), it the film shares some autobiographical elements; for example, Micheaux spent several years as a cattle rancher in an otherwise all-white area of South Dakota as does the film's central character Jean Baptiste (played by Stanley Morrell).

Race film
The race film or race movie was a genre of film produced in the United States between about 1915 and the early 1950s, consisting of films produced for black audiences, and featuring black casts. Approximately five hundred race films were produced. Of these, fewer than one hundred remain. Because race films were produced outside the Hollywood studio system, they were largely forgotten by mainstream film historians until they resurfaced in the 1980s on the BET cable network. In their day, race films were very popular among African-American theatergoers. Their influence continues to be felt in cinema and television marketed to African-Americans.

The term "race film" is sometimes used to describe films of the period aimed at other minority audiences. For instance, the 1926 film Silk Bouquet (also known as The Dragon Horse) starred the Asian-American actress Anna May Wong and was marketed to Chinese-American audiences.
2019 Memphis Tigers football team
The 2019 Memphis Tigers football team represented the University of Memphis in the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Tigers played their home games at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee, and competed in the West Division of the American Athletic Conference. They were led by fourth-year head coach Mike Norvell through the team's win in the American Championship Game, after which he left to fill the head coaching vacancy at Florida State. It was the first outright/unshared conference championship in 50 seasons. The team lost only two games, a regular season match-up against Temple and their bowl game against Penn State. Offensive line coach Ryan Silverfield was initially named head coach of the team for their bowl game, the Cotton Bowl; the interim tag was removed and he was named the new head coach of the Tigers.

2019 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game
The 2019 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game was a college football game played on December 7, 2019, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee, to determine the 2019 champion of the American Athletic Conference. The conference's 5th championship game featured the champion of its East Division, the Cincinnati Bearcats, against the West Division champion, the Memphis Tigers. The game was televised on ABC.

The game is hosted by the divisional champion with the better winning percentage in conference games. Memphis claimed hosting rights with a 34–24 home win over Cincinnati to close out the regular season on November 29. This left both teams with a 7–1 conference record, with Memphis holding the tiebreaker due to the Tigers' head-to-head win. Navy ultimately tied Memphis for the West Division crown, but the Tigers also held that tiebreaker due to a head-to-head win.
Cwm Welfare A.F.C.
Cwm Welfare A.F.C. are a Welsh football club from the village of Beddau which is approximately six miles from the county town of Pontypridd in the Rhondda Cynon Taf in Wales. Formed in 1949, they have played in the Welsh Football League. They play in the South Wales Premier League Division One West.

Beddau
Beddau (Welsh for 'Graves'; Welsh: Y Beddau) is a large former mining village (and electoral ward) situated within the South Wales Valleys  around 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from Llantrisant and 4 miles (6.4 km) from the larger town of Pontypridd in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, South Wales.
2023 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2023 European Figure Skating Championships were held from 25 to 29 January 2023 at the Espoo Metro Areena in Espoo, Finland. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each skating federation at the 2024 European Championships.

2024 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2024 European Figure Skating Championships were held from 10 to 14 January 2024 at the Žalgiris Arena in Kaunas, Lithuania. The competition was sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) and hosted by the Lithuanian Skating Federation. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each skating federation at the 2025 European Championships.

The ISU published a complete list of entries on 19 December 2023. Adam Siao Him Fa of France won the men's event, Loena Hendrickx of Belgium won the women's event, Lucrezia Beccari and Matteo Guarise in Italy won the pairs event, and Charlène Guignard and Marco Fabbri of Italy won the ice dance event.
Molybdenum disulfide
Molybdenum disulfide (or moly) is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur. Its chemical formula is MoS2.

The compound is classified as a transition metal dichalcogenide. It is a silvery black solid that occurs as the mineral molybdenite, the principal ore for molybdenum. MoS2 is relatively unreactive. It is unaffected by dilute acids and oxygen. In appearance and feel, molybdenum disulfide is similar to graphite. It is widely used as a dry lubricant because of its low friction and robustness. Bulk MoS2 is a diamagnetic, indirect bandgap semiconductor similar to silicon, with a bandgap of 1.23 eV.

Memristor
A memristor (/ˈmɛmrɪstər/; a portmanteau of memory resistor) is a non-linear two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux linkage. It was described and named in 1971 by Leon Chua, completing a theoretical quartet of fundamental electrical components which also comprises the resistor, capacitor and inductor.

Chua and Kang later generalized the concept to memristive systems. Such a system comprises a circuit, of multiple conventional components, which mimics key properties of the ideal memristor component and is also commonly referred to as a memristor. Several such memristor system technologies have been developed, notably ReRAM.

The identification of memristive properties in electronic devices has attracted controversy. Experimentally, the ideal memristor has yet to be demonstrated.
HMS Erebus (1826)
HMS Erebus was a Hecla-class bomb vessel constructed by the Royal Navy in Pembroke dockyard, Wales, in 1826. The vessel was the second in the Royal Navy named after Erebus, the personification of darkness in Greek mythology.

The 372-ton ship was armed with two mortars – one 13 in (330 mm) and one 10 in (254 mm) –  and 10 guns. The ship was refitted as an exploration vessel and took part in the Ross expedition of 1839–1843. She was abandoned in 1848 during the third Franklin expedition. The sunken wreck was discovered by the Canadian Victoria Strait expedition in September 2014.

James Clark Ross
Rear-Admiral of the Red Sir James Clark Ross FRS FLS FRAS (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who explored both the North and South Poles. In the Arctic, he participated in two expeditions led by his uncle, John Ross, and in four led by William Edward Parry: in the Antarctic, he led his own expedition from 1839 to 1843.
Slavyansky Bulvar
Slavyansky Bulvar (Russian: Славянский бульварpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station in the Fili-Davydkovo District, Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line, between Kuntsevskaya and Park Pobedy stations. Built as part of the stretch that bypasses most of the surface stretch of the Filyovskaya Line, Slavyansky Bulvar serves the residents of the southwestern districts situated between the Fruzensky and Filyovsky radii. The station was opened on 7 September 2008.

Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line
The Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line (Russian: Арба́тско-Покро́вская ли́ния, IPA: [ɐrˈbatskə pɐˈkrofskəjə ˈlʲinʲɪjə]pronunciationⓘ) (Line 3; Blue Line) is one of the lines of the Moscow Metro system in Moscow, Russia. Chronologically the second to open, it connects the Mitino District and the town of Krasnogorsk to the northwest of Moscow with the eastern suburbs of the Russian capital passing through the city centre.  There are 22 stations on the line, which is 45.1 kilometres (28.0 mi) long.
Caravonica
Caravonica (Ligurian: Caironega) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Imperia.

Caravonica borders the following municipalities: Borgomaro, Cesio, Chiusanico, and Pieve di Teco.

Cesio
Cesio (Ligurian: Cexi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Imperia.

Cesio borders the following municipalities: Caravonica, Casanova Lerrone, Chiusanico, Pieve di Teco, Testico and Vessalico.
Calvin Johnson (musician)
Calvin Johnson (born November 1, 1962) is an American guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, music producer, and disc jockey. Johnson was a founding member of the bands Cool Rays, Beat Happening, Dub Narcotic Sound System, The Go Team, and The Halo Benders.

Calvin Johnson is also the founder and owner of the influential indie label K Records and has been cited as a major player in the beginning of the modern independent music movement.

KAOS (FM)
KAOS (89.3 FM) is a hybrid college–community radio station licensed to the Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington. It broadcasts with an effective radiated power of 1.25 kilowatts, and streams via the internet. The station offers radio broadcasting training to students of the college as well as members of the local community.
Tome-Adelino, New Mexico
Tome-Adelino is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Valencia County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,211 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area. For the 2010 census, the CDP was split into the census-designated places of Tome and Adelino.

Albuquerque metropolitan area
The Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area, sometimes referred to as Tiguex (named after the Southern Tiwa), is a metropolitan area in central New Mexico centered on the city of Albuquerque. The metro comprises four counties: Bernalillo, Sandoval, Torrance, and Valencia. As of the 2010 United States census, the MSA had a population of 887,077. The population is estimated to be 923,630 as of July 1, 2020, making Greater Albuquerque the 61st-largest MSA in the nation. The Albuquerque MSA forms a part of the larger Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area with a 2020 estimated population of 1,165,181, ranked  49th-largest in the country.
Gabriel Taapopi Senior Secondary School
Gabriel Taapopi Senior Secondary School, also known as GT, is a governmental secondary school in Ongwediva in the Oshana Region of northern Namibia. The school opened its doors in 1988 and was officially inaugurated in 1989 by then SWAPO deputy education minister Buddy Wentworth. It is named after Gabriel Taapopi. Its principal is Eelu Sakaria. The school is one of the top performing schools in the country. It has around 1000 learners and about 40 teachers. The school features a large computer laboratory, physical science and biology labs as well as sports grounds.

Ongwediva
Ongwediva is a town in the Oshana Region in the north of Namibia. It is the district capital of the Ongwediva electoral constituency. As of 2023 it had 33,777 inhabitants and covered 4,102 hectares of land. Ongwediva has seven churches. Most of the inhabitants speak Oshiwambo.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Uvalde County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Uvalde County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Uvalde County, Texas. There is one historic district and ten properties listed on the National Register in the county including one National Historic Landmark (NHL). The NHL site is also a State Antiquities Landmark and a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) while two additional properties are also RTHLs.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Uvalde County, Texas
Uvalde County (/juːˈvældi/ ⓘ yoo-VAL-dee; Spanish: Condado de Uvalde) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 24,564. Its county seat is Uvalde. The county was created in 1850 and organized in 1856. It is named for Juan de Ugalde, the Spanish governor of Coahuila. Uvalde County was founded by Reading Wood Black, who also founded the city of Uvalde, Texas. Uvalde County comprises the Uvalde, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Wayson Choy
Wayson Choy CM (崔維新 Pinyin: Cuī Wéixīn; Jyutping: Ceoi1 Wai4-san1) (April 20, 1939 – April 28, 2019) was a Canadian novelist. Publishing two novels and two memoirs in his lifetime, he is considered one of the most important pioneers of Asian Canadian literature in Canada, and as an important figure in LGBT literature as one of Canada's first openly gay writers of colour to achieve widespread mainstream success.

Paper Shadows
Paper Shadows: A Chinatown Childhood is a memoir written by the Canadian writer Wayson Choy, first published in October 1999 by Viking Press. In the book, the author chronicles his experience growing up as an immigrant in Vancouver's Chinatown in the 1940s and 1950s. Paper Shadows received shortlist honours for the 2000 Vancouver City Book Award and won the 2000 Edna Staebler Award for Creative Non-Fiction.
Bar Council of Jharkhand
Bar Council of Jharkhand is the regulatory and statutorily representative body for lawyers practicing law in the state of Jharkhand. It was constituted as per the mandatory requirement as per Advocates Act, 1961 and Bar Council of India. In March 1953, S. R. Das as head of the 'All India Bar Committee', proposed the creation of the apex body as an All-India Bar Council and  Bar council at state levels and submitted a report to the Central Government of India.  Members of the Bar Council are elected from among members enrolled and practicing as lawyers practicing law in the state of Jharkhand and they represent the state in Bar Council of India meetings. Bar Council of a place designs standards of professional conduct to be followed by members, and designs etiquettes and has the power to enforce disciplinary guidelines over the members of bar council.

Bar Council of India
Bar Council of India (BCI) is a statutory body established under section 4 of the Advocates Act 1961 that regulates the legal practice and legal education in India. Its members are elected from amongst the lawyers in India and represent the Indian bar. It prescribes standards of professional conduct, etiquettes and exercises disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar. It also sets standards for legal education and grants recognition to universities whose law degrees will qualify students to enrol themselves as advocates upon graduation.
Levi-Civita field
In mathematics, the Levi-Civita field, named after Tullio Levi-Civita, is a non-Archimedean ordered field; i.e., a system of numbers containing infinite and infinitesimal quantities. It is usually denoted .

Each member  can be constructed as a formal series of the form

where  is the set of rational numbers, the coefficients  are real numbers, and  is to be interpreted as a fixed positive infinitesimal. We require that for every rational number , there are only finitely many  less than  with ; this restriction is necessary in order to make multiplication and division well defined and unique. Two such series are considered equal only if all their coefficients are equal. The ordering is defined according to the dictionary ordering of the list of coefficients, which is equivalent to the assumption that  is an infinitesimal.

The real numbers are embedded in this field as series in which all of the coefficients vanish except .

Non-Archimedean ordered field
In mathematics, a non-Archimedean ordered field is an ordered field that does not satisfy the Archimedean property.  Such fields will contain infinitesimal and infinitely large elements, suitably defined.
Iota Geminorum
Iota Geminorum (ι Geminorum, ι Gem) is a solitary fourth-magnitude star in the constellation Gemini. In the sky, it forms an isosceles triangle with Castor and Pollux, and is located less than a degree from the 5th magnitude stars 64 and 65 Geminorum.

Gemini (constellation)
Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the northern celestial hemisphere.  It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for twins, and it is associated with the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♊︎).
Basellaceae
Basellaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera:

Anredera – 12 species

Basella – 5 species

Tournonia – 1 species

Ullucus – 1 species

All the species are climbing or trailing vines. Two species cultivated as food – Basella alba (Malabar spinach) and Ullucus tuberosus (ulluco) – have been bred to a more erect, compact form. Three species grow tubers – Anredera cordifolia and A. vesicaria produce them in the leaf axils or at the base of the stem and U. tuberosus at the end of stolons. Leaf blades vary in shape between species, within species, and even on an individual plant.

The two cultivated species are of economic importance.

Anredera cordifolia
Anredera cordifolia, commonly known as the Madeira vine or mignonette vine, is a South American species of ornamental succulent vine of the family Basellaceae. The combination of fleshy leaves and thick aerial tubers makes this a very heavy vine. It smothers trees and other vegetation it grows on and can easily break branches and bring down entire trees on its own. Other names include lamb's tail and potato vine.