hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cave drapery
A cave drapery, also called a cave curtain or cave bacon, is a composite cave formation, a variety of flowstone and dripstone. These speleothems are formed when a rivulet of water repeatedly flows down one path on a sloped ceiling or wall in a cave. As the curtain extends away from the wall, water begins to drip from the bottom-most point on the formation, creating a small stalactite.

The sawtooth pattern seen on many cave draperies is due to the trigonal crystal structure of calcite, meaning that when they stack, a microscopic pattern of offset crystals is created. This pattern repeats and eventually becomes macroscopic. The waving pattern that gives this formation its name comes from water flowing over the outside of the formation unevenly, thus changing the direction of the growing edge.

Speleothem
A speleothem (/ˈspiːliəθɛm/; from Ancient Greek  σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and  θέμα (théma) 'deposit') is a geological formation made by mineral deposits that accumulate over time in natural caves. They can take a variety of forms, depending on their depositional history and environment. Common forms include stalagmites, stalactites, and flowstones.

Speleothems most commonly form in calcareous caves due to carbonate dissolution reactions. Their chemical composition, gradual growth, and preservation in caves make them useful paleoclimatic proxies.
Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
Elena Asenina of Bulgaria (Greek: Ελένα Ασανίνα, romanized: Elena Asanina; c.1224 – 1252 CE) (also Helena) was an empress consort of Nicaea, married to Theodore II Laskaris (r. 1254–1258). She was daughter of Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Asen II and Anna Maria of Hungary.

John IV Doukas Laskaris
John IV Doukas Laskaris (or Ducas Lascaris) (Greek: Ἰωάννης Δούκας Λάσκαρις, romanized: Iōánnēs Doúkās Láskaris; December 25, 1250 – c. 1305) was the fourth emperor of the Nicaean Empire from August 16, 1258 to December 25, 1261, one of the Greek successor states formed after the Sack of Constantinople by the Roman Catholics during the Fourth Crusade. He was the last emperor from the prominent Laskarid dynasty and the last to only rule Nicaea before the Reconquest of Constantinople by his successor in 1261.
Moscow Declarations
The Moscow Declarations were four declarations signed during the Moscow Conference on October 30, 1943. The declarations are distinct from the communique that was issued following the Moscow Conference of 1945. They were signed by the foreign secretaries of the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the Republic of China. Four declarations were signed at the conference: The Declaration of the Four Nations on General Security, the Declaration on Italy, the Declaration on Austria, and the Declarations on Atrocities.

Declaration of the Four Nations
The Declaration of the Four Nations on General Security, or Four Power Declaration, was signed on 30 October 1943, at the Moscow Conference by the Big Four: the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and China. The declaration formally established the four-power framework that would later influence the international order of the postwar world. It was one of four declarations signed at the conference; the others were the Declaration on Italy, the Declaration on Austria, and the Declaration on German Atrocities.
1st Foreign Parachute Regiment
The 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment (French: 1er Régiment Etranger de Parachutistes, 1er REP) was an airborne regiment of the Foreign Legion in the  French Army which dated its origins to 1948. The regiment fought in the First Indochina War as the three-time reconstituted 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion, the Suez Crisis and Algerian War, but was dissolved along with the 10th Parachute Division and 25th Parachute Division following the generals' putsch against part of the French government in 1961.

1st Foreign Parachute Heavy Mortar Company
The 1st Foreign Parachute Heavy Mortar Company (French: 1re Compagnie étrangère parachutiste de mortiers lourds, 1er CEPML) was an ephemeral airborne forces heavy mortar of the Foreign Legion which fought during the First Indochina War at the corps of the French Far East Expeditionary Corps.
Fusulinidae
The Fusulinidae is a family of fusulinoidean foraminifera from the upper Carboniferous (Lower Pennsylvanian, Morrowan) to the Upper Permian (Guadalupian), tests of which are fusiform to subcylindrical with walls of two to four layers. Are planispirally coiled throughout or with early whorls at a distinct angle to the later plane of coiling. Septa, flat to well fluted; tunnel, single; chomata variable in development.

Fusulinoidea
The Fusulinoidea is a superfamily in the Fusulinida in which the test is spherical, discoida, or fusiform; commonly coiled, less often uncoiling in the late stage, numerous chambers per whorl; test wall of microgranular calcite (as for the order) in one to four layers. Tunnels or secondary foramina may result from partial resorption  and secondary deposition may produce chomata, parachomate, tectoria, and axial fillings. Range: M Devonian (Givetian) – U Permian (Djulfian )
Provincial Highway 9 (Taiwan)
Provincial Highway 9 is an important highway across eastern Taiwan from Taipei City to Fangshan, Pingtung, Pingtung County. This provincial highway, at 453.851 km long, is the second-longest provincial highway in Taiwan and passes the regions of Taipei City, New Taipei City, Yilan County, Hualien County, Taitung County and Pingtung County.

Xiulin, Hualien
Xiulin Township / Sioulin Township (Chinese: 秀林鄉; Hanyu Pinyin: Xiùlín Xiāng; Tongyong Pinyin: Siòulín Siang) is a mountain indigenous township of Hualien County, Taiwan. It is located northwest of Hualien City, and is the largest township in Taiwan by area (1,641.86 km²) with 9 villages. It has a population of 17,068, most of which are the indigenous Taroko people.

Because of its location beside the Central Mountain Range, the climate changes by altitude. Taroko National Park is located in Xiulin Township. In recent years, people in Xiulin have lobbied to change its name to "Taroko Township" (太魯閣鄉).

The second deadliest train disaster in Taiwan's history happened here in 2021.
Elverum Municipality
Elverum (Norwegian: [ˈɛ⁠lvərɵm] ⓘ) is a municipality in Innlandet County, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Elverum. Other settlements in the municipality include the villages of Heradsbygd, Sørskogbygda, and Neverlia. Elverum lies at an important crossroads, with the town of Hamar to the west, the town of Kongsvinger to the south, and village of Innbygda and the Swedish border to the northeast.

The 1,229-square-kilometre (475 sq mi) municipality is the 87th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Elverum Municipality is the 58th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 21,899. The municipality's population density is 17.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (46/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.8% over the previous 10-year period.

Neverlia
Neverlia is a small farm area in Elverum Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village area is located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the village of Nordskogbygda and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the town of Elverum. The principal industries of Neverlia are farming and forestry.
Earl of Huntingdon
Earl of Huntingdon is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. The medieval title (1065 creation) was associated with the ruling house of Scotland (David of Scotland).

The seventh and most recent creation dates to 1529. In this lineage, the current holder of the title is William Hastings-Bass, 17th Earl of Huntingdon (b. 1948).

In English folklore, the title has been associated with Robin Hood, whose true name is often given as "Robert of Huntingdon", though alternatively Robin is said to be from Locksley or Loxley.

Henry of Scotland
Henry of Scotland (Eanric mac Dabíd, 1114 – 12 June 1152) was heir apparent to the Kingdom of Alba. He was also the 3rd Earl of Northumbria and the 3rd Earl of Huntingdon. He was the son of King David I of Scotland and his wife, Maud, 2nd Countess of Huntingdon.
Mammillaria morganiana
Mammillaria morganiana, common name owl's eyes or owl-eye pincushion, is a cactus in the genus Mammillaria of the family Cactaceae. The epithet morganiana honors the U.S. optometrist Meredith Walter Morgan (1887-1957) of Richmond.

Mammillaria
Mammillaria is one of the largest genera in the cactus family (Cactaceae), with currently 200 known species and varieties recognized. Most of the mammillarias are native to Mexico, while some come from the Southwestern United States, the Caribbean, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras and Venezuela. The common name "pincushion cactus" refers to this genus and the closely related Escobaria.

The first species was described by Carl Linnaeus as Cactus mammillaris in 1753, deriving its name from the Latin mammilla, "nipple", referring to the tubercles that are among the distinctive features of the genus. Numerous species are commonly known as globe cactus, nipple cactus, birthday cake cactus, fishhook cactus or pincushion cactus (though such terms are also commonly used for related taxa, such as Escobaria or Ferocactus).
ISO-IR-197
ISO-IR-197 (known by the ISO-IR registration number of its GR set) is an 8-bit, single-byte character encoding which was designed for the Sámi languages. It is a modification of ISO 8859-1, replacing certain punctuation and symbol characters with additional letters used in certain Sámi orthographies. FreeDOS calls it code page 59187.

ISO-IR-197 was proposed for establishment as a part of ISO/IEC 8859 in 1996 (as part 14 and, later, part 15), but was not accepted for this. However, ISO-IR-197 is referenced in an informative ISO/IEC 8859 annex, which lists it as an encoding which provides a more adequate coverage of the orthography of certain Sámi languages such as Skolt Sámi than ISO-8859-4 or ISO-8859-10, unless the latter is combined with ISO-IR-158.

ISO/IEC 8859-14
ISO/IEC 8859-14:1998, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 14: Latin alphabet No. 8 (Celtic), is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1998. It is informally referred to as Latin-8 or Celtic. It was designed to cover the Celtic languages, such as Irish and Welsh.

ISO-8859-14 is the IANA preferred charset name for this standard when supplemented with the C0 and C1 control codes from ISO/IEC 6429. CeltScript made an extension for Windows called Extended Latin-8. Microsoft has assigned code page 28604 a.k.a. Windows-28604 to ISO-8859-14. FreeDOS assigned code page 58163 to ISO-8859-14.
Battle of Mine Run
The Battle of Mine Run, also known as Payne's Farm, or New Hope Church, or the Mine Run campaign (November 27 – December 2, 1863), was conducted in Orange County, Virginia, in the American Civil War.

An unsuccessful attempt of the Union Army of the Potomac to defeat the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, it was marked by false starts and low casualties and ended hostilities in the Eastern Theater for the year.

Theodore P. Savas
Theodore P. Savas worked an attorney for many years, was a former adjunct college instructor, and is an entrepreneur, author, and publisher. He is the co-founder and majority partner of Savas Beatie, an independent book trade publishing company that specializes in military and general history, and especially the American Civil War. He writes and speaks about Civil War topics, as well as the American Revolutionary War, and WWII German U-boats.
Darren Brown (musician)
Darren Mark Brown (18 January 1962 – 6 December 2006), known as Wiz, was an English musician who was the lead-singer and guitarist of indie punk band Mega City Four in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and later bands Serpico and Ipanema from 2002 to 2006.

Ned's Atomic Dustbin
Ned's Atomic Dustbin is an English rock band formed in Stourbridge, West Midlands, in November 1987. The band took their name from an episode of radio comedy programme The Goon Show. The band is unusual for using two bass-players in their line-up.
Nagavali Express
The Nagavali Express or Nagawali Express is a express train belonging to the East Coast Railway zone. It runs between Sambalpur and Nanded as a bi-weekly express train. The train first ran between Sambalpur and Nizamabad on 23 March 2003. The train was later extended from Nizamabad to Hazur Sahib Nanded. The frequency was increased from bi-weekly to tri-weekly in the 2013 rail budget. It was named after the Nagavali River.

Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station
Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station (station code: NED) is a second grade non-suburban (NSG–2) category Indian railway station in Nanded railway division of South Central Railway zone. It serves the city of Nanded, located in Maharashtra. As of December 2023, the station recorded an originating passenger count of 8,190,489.

It is located on the Secunderabad–Manmad line of Indian Railways. The station is located at 36 m above sea level and has four platforms. As of 2018, 89 passenger trains halt each day at this station. In 2008, the station was named after Hazur Sahib, a takht of Sikhism which is situated here.
Select Bus Service
Select Bus Service (SBS; stylized as +selectbusservice) is a service provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)'s Regional Bus Operations for limited-stop bus routes with some bus rapid transit features in New York City. The first SBS route was implemented in 2008 to improve speed and reliability on long, busy corridors.

SBS routes use vehicle-segregated, camera-enforced bus lanes; sidewalk extensions for bus stops; relatively long distances between stops; vehicular turn restrictions along corridors; and next-bus travel information screens. The first route was the Bx12 along Fordham Road and the Pelham Parkway; as of July 2019, the system has expanded to twenty SBS routes along seventeen corridors. Twenty more routes are proposed through 2027. In summer 2018, the MTA announced that it was considering delaying the implementation of SBS routes outside Manhattan until 2021 because of the city's upcoming bus-network redesign.

B41 (New York City bus)
The B41 is a bus route that constitutes a public transit line operating in Brooklyn, New York City, running along Flatbush Avenue between Downtown Brooklyn and Marine Park. The B41 is operated by the MTA New York City Transit Authority. Its precursor was a streetcar line that began operation in 1860, and was known as the Flatbush Avenue Line. The route became a bus line in 1951. Limited-stop service began along the route in 1992.
K. Shivanagouda Naik
K. Shivanagouda Nayaka is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a former minister of Karnataka. He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Raichur district. He unsuccessfully contested the 2014 Lok Sabha election from Raichur against B V Nayak.

B. V. Nayak
B. V. Nayak is an Indian politician and member of Indian Parliament in 16th Lok Sabha. He represented the Raichur in Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. He belongs to Bharatiya Janata party political party.
Mingachevir Dam
The Mingachevir Dam (Mingachevir Hydro Power Station) is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Kura River just north of Mingachevir in Azerbaijan. It serves several purposes, including hydroelectric power production and water storage for irrigation. The Mingachevir reservoir, behind the dam, supplies water to the Upper Qarabag and Upper Sirvan channels which help irrigate about 1,000,000 ha (2,500,000 acres) of farmland in the country. Its six Francis turbine-generators were overhauled or replaced with 70 megawatts (94,000 hp) sets in 2000. Mingachevir reservoir has a storage capacity of 15.730 cubic kilometres (12,753,000 acre⋅ft), covering 605 km2 (234 sq mi). The length of the dam is 1,550 metres (5,090 ft), its width is 16 metres (52 ft) and height is 80 m (260 ft). It is the largest hydroelectric power station in the South Caucasus.

Mingachevir
Mingachevir (Azerbaijani: Mingəçevir (listen)ⓘ) is the fourth largest city in Azerbaijan with a population of about 106,000. It is often called the "city of lights" because of its hydroelectric power station on the Kura River, which divides the city down the middle.

The current city was founded in 1948, partly by German prisoners of war captured during World War II. Mingechevir is also home to Mingachevir Polytechnic Institute. The city forms an administrative division of Azerbaijan. The district is located 323 km from the capital Baku and 17 km from the Baku-Tbilisi railway. Geographically, the region is located in the center of the republic on both sides of the Kura River.
Ridge, Lafayette Parish, Louisiana
Ridge is an unincorporated community in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, United States.

"Foreman Flats" was the original name of the area, which included Ridge Road in the north, Doc Duhon Road in the south, Lagneaux Road in the east, and South Fieldspan Road in the west. However, the Ridge area is known as residing between W. Congress Street, S. Richfield highway,  Riceland Road and Sellers Road in Lafayette Parish. The community is located near the intersection of LA Hwy 343 and LA Hwy 342.

The first settler was Edward G. F. Broussard in 1858 when he purchased 160 acres (0.65 km2). Other original settlers of the area came from Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina.

Lafayette Parish, Louisiana
Lafayette Parish (French: Paroisse de Lafayette) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the parish had a population of 241,753, up from 221,578 at the 2010 United States census. The parish seat and largest city is Lafayette. The parish was founded in 1823. Since 1996, the city and parish have operated as a consolidated government.
V. Sue Cleveland High School
V. Sue Cleveland High School, or Cleveland High School (CHS), is a public senior high school of the Rio Rancho Public Schools. It is located in north-western Rio Rancho, New Mexico. V. Sue Cleveland was established in 2009, due to overcrowding at Rio Rancho High School. Enrollment at the school stands at approximately 2600. It is the only school in New Mexico named for a currently-serving school board official, having been named after the current superintendent of Rio Rancho Public School.

The mascot of CHS is the Storm, their colors are: electric blue, silver and white.

Rio Rancho, New Mexico
Rio Rancho (Spanish: Río Rancho) is the largest and most populous city in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States. A small portion of the city extends into northern Bernalillo County. Part of the expansive Albuquerque metropolitan area, it is the third-largest city in New Mexico, and one of the most rapidly growing. Rio Rancho had a population of 104,046 at the 2020 census. The name Rio Rancho derives from Los Ranchos, the Spanish colonial ranches established along the Rio Grande in the Albuquerque Basin, and throughout historic Nuevo México. There were large ranches also in neighboring Corrales. Since the late 20th century, it has developed as a suburb of Albuquerque.
Okauia
Okauia is a rural settlement and community located east of Matamata, in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of articles threaded on a stick" for Ōkauia.

There are hot springs on both banks of the Waihou River. Opal is on the west bank and Crystal, or Chrystal, on the east.

Wairere Falls, the highest waterfall in the North Island, is northeast of Okauia.

Ngāti Hinerangi
37°49′17″S 175°45′59″E﻿ / ﻿37.8213°S 175.7664°E﻿ / -37.8213; 175.7664

Ngāti Hinerangi is a Māori iwi of New Zealand, based in Matamata, with 4 marae (Hinerangi Tawhaki, Te Ohaki, Tangata and Tamapango) at Okauia. As well as Matamata, Te Rohe o Kōperu (Ngāti Hinerangi area of interest) includes Te Tapui (a hill west of Matamata), Peria, Puketutu (near Kiwitahi), the Kaimai Range, Tanners Point, Rereatukahia, Aongatete, Apata, Te Paeoturawaru, Pahoia, Ōmokoroa, Huharua, Motuhoa Island, the inner reaches of Tauranga harbour, Pukehou on the Wairoa River, Haukapa, Ngāumuwahine, Whenua-a-kura and Hinuera. A 2021 Treaty Settlement gave $8.1m, returned 14 sites of cultural significance and apologised for confiscation of 100,000 ha (250,000 acres) in Tauranga in 1863 and for the invasion of villages in 1867, the 'bush campaign', when government forces destroyed the crops and homes of those opposing surveys of the confiscated area, to the south-west of Tauranga.
Seaboard, North Carolina
Seaboard is a town in Northampton County, North Carolina, United States, created as a company town by the Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad, approximately 10 miles northeast of Weldon in the mid-1840s as a place for railroad employees to live.

As of the 2020 census, Seaboard had a population of 542. It is part of the Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Roanoke Rapids micropolitan area
The Roanoke Rapids, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA) as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in North Carolina, anchored by the city of Roanoke Rapids.

As of the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 79,456 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 74,716).
Saat Paake Bandha
Saat Paake Bandha is a 2009 Indian Bengali-language romantic drama film directed by Sujit Mondal. The film starred Jeet and Koel Mallick, who also featured in Ghatak in 2006. The movie is a remake of 1996 Telugu film Pavitra Bandham.

Pavitra Bandham
Pavitra Bandham (transl. The Holy Bond) is a 1996 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed and co-written by Muthyala Subbaiah. It stars Venkatesh and Soundarya, with music composed by M. M. Keeravani. The film was produced by C. Venkataraju and G. Sivaraju under the Geeta Chitra International banner. The film was declared a blockbuster at the box office.

The film won three Andhra Pradesh State Nandi Awards. Owing to its success, it was remade in six other languages -  in Odia as Suhaag Sindura (1998), in Kannada as Mangalyam Tantunanena (1998), in Hindi as Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain (1999), in Tamil as Priyamaanavale (2000), in Bengali as Saat Paake Bandha (2009) and  in Bangladeshi as E Badhon Jabena Chhire (2000).
Death and state funeral of Michael I of Romania
On 5 December 2017, Michael I, King of Romania from 1927 to 1930 and 1940 to 1947, died at his private residence in Switzerland at the age of 96, in the presence of his youngest daughter Princess Maria.

Curtea de Argeș Cathedral
The Cathedral of Curtea de Argeș (early 16th century) is a Romanian Orthodox cathedral in Curtea de Argeș, Romania. It is located on the grounds of the Curtea de Argeș Monastery, and is dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God.  The building is the seat of the Archdiocese of Argeș and Muscel.

The cathedral is faced with pale grey limestone, which was easily chiselled and then hardened on exposure. The interior is of brick, plastered and decorated with frescoes. Nearby on the grounds stands the large Neo-Romanian style Royal Palace built in the late 19th century.
13963 Euphrates
13963 Euphrates (/juːˈfreɪtiːz/), provisional designation 1991 PT4, is a resonant Griqua asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1991, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in Chile. The asteroid was named after the Euphrates River in the Middle East.

Eric Walter Elst
Eric Walter Elst (30 November 1936 – 2 January 2022) was a Belgian astronomer at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle and a prolific discoverer of asteroids. The Minor Planet Center ranks him among the top 10 discoverers of minor planets with thousands of discoveries made at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile and at the Rozhen Observatory in Bulgaria during 1986–2009.

The minor planet 3936 Elst, a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, roughly 6 kilometers in diameter, was named in his honour.