hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ulmus americana 'Patmore'
The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Patmore' was selected and raised by R. H. Patmore from a native tree in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. It may be synonymous with another cultivar from the same source, known as 'Brandon'.

Ulmus americana
Ulmus americana, generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can withstand low winter temperatures.  The American elm was once exceptionally common as a street tree, its tolerance of urban conditions making it a popular choice to line American streets in the 19th and early 20th centuries.  The coming of beetles bearing Dutch elm disease devastated the American elm population, starting in the 1920s.  The species still holds out in some locations, but is also no longer nearly as common as during its height.

The wood was seldom utilized until the advent of mechanical sawing. It is the state tree of Massachusetts and North Dakota.
Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Administration of Târgul-Siret
The Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Administration of Târgul-Siret was a short-lived 20th century Interbellum permanent Apostolic Administration (pre-diocesan missionary jurisdiction) of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church sui iuris (Eastern Catholic, notably Byzantine Rite) in Romania.

Apostolic administration
An apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area. Either the area is not yet a diocese (a stable 'pre-diocesan', usually missionary apostolic administration), or is a diocese, archdiocese, eparchy or similar permanent ordinariate (such as a territorial prelature or a territorial abbacy) that has no mainstay prelate (an apostolic administrator sede vacante, as after an episcopal death, resignation or transfer to another territory) or, in very rare cases, has an incapacitated head (apostolic administrator sede plena). The title also applies to an outgoing incumbent while awaiting for the date of assuming his new position or date of effectivity of a retirement.
Lake Rotoroa (Tasman)
Lake Rotoroa lies within the borders of Nelson Lakes National Park in the South Island, New Zealand.  The lake is fed by the D'Urville and Sabine rivers.

The greatest depth is 145 metres, and it has a surface area of just under 23.5 km.  The lake is surrounded by beech forest.  Rotoroa is a small community at the base of the lake.  The Gowan River flows out of the lake at this point, thus making the lake one of the sources of the Buller River system.

The Rotoroa Route, following the northeast side of the lake, has been permanently closed to public access. Several other walking tracks can be accessed near the settlement at the head of the lake, and a water taxi travels the length of the lake to ferry trampers.

The lake has introduced trout, which attract recreational fishermen. There is a fly-fishing lodge, Lake Rotoroa Lodge, on the lake.

The word rotoroa is Māori for long lake.

Nelson Lakes National Park
Nelson Lakes National Park is in the South Island of New Zealand, at the northern end of the Southern Alps. It was created in 1956 (one of four created in the 1950s). The park contains beech forests, multiple lakes, snow-covered mountains and valleys created by glaciers during the ice ages.
Hit by pitch
In baseball, hit by pitch (HBP) is an event in which a batter or his clothing or equipment (other than his bat) is struck directly by a pitch from the pitcher; the batter is called a hit batsman (HB). A hit batsman is awarded first base, provided that (in the plate umpire's judgment) he made an honest effort to avoid the pitch, although failure to do so is rarely called by an umpire. Being hit by a pitch is often caused by a batter standing too close to, or "crowding", home plate.

The rule dates from 1887; before that, a pitch that struck the batter was merely a ball.

Batting (baseball)
In baseball, batting is the act of facing the opposing pitcher and trying to produce offense for one's team. A batter or hitter is a person whose turn it is to face the pitcher. The three main goals of batters are to become a baserunner, to drive runners home or to advance runners along the bases for others to drive home, but the techniques and strategies they use to do so vary. Hitting uses a motion which is virtually unique to baseball and its fellow bat-and-ball sports, one that is rarely used in other sports. Hitting is unique because it involves rotating in the horizontal plane of movement, unlike most sports movements which occur in the vertical plane.
Mobile Riverine Force
In the Vietnam War, the Mobile Riverine Force (MRF) (after May 1967), initially designated Mekong Delta Mobile Afloat Force, and later the Riverines, were a joint US Army and US Navy force that comprised a substantial part of the brown-water navy. It was modeled after lessons learned by the French experience in the First Indochina War of Dinassaut and had the task of both transport (of soldiers and equipment) and combat. The primary land base was at Đồng Tâm Base Camp, with a floating base which operated in the major rivers of the Mekong Delta. Soldiers and sailors went out in river boats from the floating base to assault the Viet Cong.  During part of the 1968-69 period, there were two such mobile bases operating in different parts of the Delta, Mobile Riverine Groups Alpha and Bravo.  The MRF played a key role in the Tet Offensive.

PTF boat
PTF boat, (short for Patrol Torpedo, Fast) are fast United States Navy patrol boats introduced  in the early part of the Vietnam War. The PTF designation was give to 26 boats with four different boat designs. The PTF boats were the Vietnam War "brown water" river boats version of the World War II PT boats. They were heavily armed gunboats that were used by the US Navy and  by Special forces.  The first two PTF boats were commissioned 21 December 1962. The last two PTF were commissioned on 8 April 1968. PFT boats were replaced by the new Patrol Craft Fast (PCF) boats that were more widely used in Vietnam. There are five PTF boats that have survived and are in various state of restoration. The "Torpedo Boat, Fast" designation is a hold over from World War II, as PTF boats were not equipped with torpedoes, as they were mostly used in shallow river waters.
Office of Inspector General (United States)
In the United States, Office of Inspector General (OIG) is a generic term for the oversight division of a federal or state agency aimed at preventing inefficient or unlawful operations within their parent agency. Such offices are attached to many federal executive departments, independent federal agencies, as well as state and local governments. Each office includes an inspector general (or IG) and employees charged with identifying, auditing, and investigating fraud, waste, abuse, embezzlement and mismanagement of any kind within the executive department.

Inspector general
An inspector general is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is "inspectors general".

In some countries, inspector general is also a formal rank or title in civil, police, or military services, where it refers to a senior officer rather than an investigative position. The duties and authority of the role vary by country and organization.
Jacob Hines
Jacob Albert "Doc" Hines (May 1, 1927 – March 3, 2020) was an American politician, veterinarian, and beef farmer.

Hines was born in West Salem, Ohio on May 1, 1927, and graduated from Homer High School in Homerville, Ohio. Hines served in the U.S. Army from 1945 to 1947 before returning to attended college. He received a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Ohio State University in 1953.

Hines moved to Oxford, Wisconsin, where he worked as a veterinarian and beef farmer.  He served on the school board for the Westfield School District from 1969 to 1981. He was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 2001 special election. He won re-election in 2002, 2004, and 2006. He was defeated in the 2008 election by Democrat Fred Clark.

Hines retired from his veterinary practice in 2004. In 2012, Hines moved to Texas and died there at the age of 92 on March 3, 2020.

Fred Clark (politician)
Fred Clark (born May 14, 1959) is an American conservationist, businessman, and Democratic politician from Bayfield, Wisconsin. He served three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Baraboo and surrounding municipalities in central Wisconsin.

Clark is a candidate for Wisconsin's 7th congressional district seat in the Nov. 3, 2026 general election.
Hamza Bey Bayandur
Hamza Bey Bayandur (r.1338-1344) was a son of Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, who ruled the Aq Qoyunlu for six years. He succeeded his brother Ali Aq Qoyunlu, before being replaced by his nephew Jahangir Aq Qoyunlu.

Hamza initially served as the governor of Mardin (1432–35), before becoming the ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu Principality (1438–44). To establish his power, he relied on the Christian communities of Amid and Mardin, which often led to opposition from Muslim writers.

In the early summer of 1437, Hamza obtained military successes against the Qara Quyunlu governor of Baghdad, Ispan b. Qara Yusuf, who was attempting to expand his territory at the expense of the Aq Qoyunlus.

Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg
Uthman Beg or Osman Beg (Ajami Turkic and Persian: قارا یولوق عثمان بیگ; 1356 – 1435) was a late 14th and early 15th-century leader of the Turkoman tribal federation of Aq Qoyunlu in what is now eastern Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan and Iraq.
Betzenberg
The Betzenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛt͡sn̩ˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a 285-metre-high hill in the German city of Kaiserslautern. It rises about 50 metres above the city and gives its name to the quarter in which it stands. It was well known because it also gave its name to what is now the Fritz Walter Stadium (formerly the Betzenberg Stadium or, colloquially, the Betze).

Kaiserslautern
Kaiserslautern (German pronunciation: [ˌkaɪzɐsˈlaʊtɐn] ⓘ; Palatine German: Lautre) is a town in southwest Germany, located in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate at the edge of the Palatinate Forest. The historic centre dates to the 9th century. It is 459 kilometres (285 miles) from Paris, 117 km (73 miles) from Frankfurt am Main, 666 km (414 miles) from Berlin, and  159 km (99 miles) from Luxembourg.

Kaiserslautern is home to about 100,000 people. Additionally, approximately 45,000 NATO military personnel are based in the city and its surrounding district (Landkreis Kaiserslautern).
Edward James (judge)
Edward James (1757 – 16 July 1841) was an English-born judge and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Lunenburg County from 1793 to 1799, from 1806 to 1811 and from 1817 to 1818 and Lunenburg Township from 1818 to 1826.

He was born in Southampton and came to New York state. He served as an officer in the King's Orange Raiders during the American Revolution. James went to Nova Scotia in 1780. James was sheriff for Lunenburg from 1797 to 1798. He also served as a justice of the peace. From 1823 to 1841, James was custos rotulorum and a justice in the Inferior Court of Common Pleas for Lunenburg County. He died in Lunenburg at the age of 84.

His grandson, also named Edward James, later served in the provincial assembly.

Edward James (Nova Scotia politician)
Edward James (November 26, 1825 – October 15, 1909) was a millwright and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Lunenburg County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1878 to 1882 as a Liberal-Conservative member.
Shock (mechanics)
In mechanics and physics, shock is a sudden acceleration caused, for example, by impact, drop, kick, earthquake, or explosion.  Shock is a transient physical excitation. A mechanical shock typically consists of a short-duration, high-magnitude acceleration event that can cause structural deformation or failure in components.

Shock describes matter subject to extreme rates of force with respect to time. Shock is a vector that has units of an acceleration (rate of change of velocity).  The unit g (or g) represents multiples of the standard acceleration of gravity and is conventionally used.

A shock pulse can be characterised by its peak acceleration, the duration, and the shape of the shock pulse (half sine, triangular, trapezoidal, etc.).  The shock response spectrum is a method for further evaluating a mechanical shock.

Shock absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction).
The Andromeda Evolution
The Andromeda Evolution is a 2019 novel written by Daniel H. Wilson. It is a sequel to Michael Crichton's The Andromeda Strain, published 50 years prior in 1969. It is the nineteenth novel under Crichton's name, and the fourth novel published after Crichton's death.

The Andromeda Strain
The Andromeda Strain is a 1969 novel by American writer Michael Crichton, his first novel under his own name and his sixth novel overall. It documents the outbreak of a deadly extraterrestrial microorganism in Arizona and the team of scientists investigating it. The book is presented as a report from a secret government project involving scientists, and features text-based computer imagery that illustrates the results of various tests on the organism. The Andromeda Strain appeared in The New York Times Best Seller list, establishing Michael Crichton as a genre writer, and is an early example of the techno-thriller genre.
Nanqu Subdistrict
Nanqu Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 南区街道; traditional Chinese: 南區街道; pinyin: Nánqū Jiēdào; Jyutping: naam4 keoi1gaai1dou6), also known as South Subdistrict or Southern Subdistrict, is a subdistrict of the city of Zhongshan, Guangdong province, China, covering 48 square kilometres (19 sq mi).  At the 2020 census, the subdistrict had a population of 90,270. Many real estate companies and hotels have set up their businesses here, such as Vanke, Wing On and Agile Property.

Zhongshan
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山 [ʈʂʊ́ŋ ʂán]), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Jungsaan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 inhabitants. The city-core subdistricts used to be called Shiqi or Shekki (Chinese: 石岐).

Zhongshan is one of the few Chinese cities to be named after a person. It was originally named Xiangshan (香山, "Fragrant Mountain"; Cantonese: Heung-saan), but was renamed in 1925 in honor of Sun Yat-sen, who is known in China as "Sun Zhongshan". Sun was the founding father of the Republic of China who is also regarded positively by the People's Republic. He was born in Cuiheng village in Nanlang Township of what was then Xiangshan County.
Schwarzwald-Baar-Center
48°04′55″N 8°29′49″E﻿ / ﻿48.082045°N 8.4968967°E﻿ / 48.082045; 8.4968967

Schwarzwald-Baar-Center is a large mall in Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.  It has a striking architecture as its roof is carried by an inclined tower with its name and which is also equipped with a flight safety lamp.  Schwarzwald-Baar-Center was opened on September 28, 2000 and houses 35 stores.

Inclined tower
An inclined tower is a tower that was intentionally built at an incline. Towers are built with an incline in order to support the weight of another structure, such as the Montreal Tower. Some towers are built with an incline due to the steep terrain upon which they stand, or simply for aesthetics.
Sacred Heart Catholic Church and School
Sacred Heart Catholic Church and School is a historic church and school at 503 North Queen Street in Palestine, Texas. Built between 1890 and 1893, the structure was designed by prominent Texas architect Nicholas J. Clayton. It replaced an earlier Catholic church that was destroyed by fire.

It served the railroad workers stationed in Palestine, which had a large depot of the International–Great Northern Railroad. The railway deeded the site to Bishop Dubuis of the Diocese of Galveston. The bricks were locally made from mud from the Trinity River. It is the best example of Victorian Gothic architecture in North East Texas.

Additional plots of land were acquired in the years after the church was built. The diocese added a parochial school and a cemetery.

It was built in 1968.  The church and school were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Palestine, Texas
Palestine (/ˈpælɪstiːn/ PAL-ist-een) is a city in and the seat of Anderson County in the U.S. state of Texas. It was named after Palestine, Illinois, by preacher Daniel Parker, who had migrated from that town.

The city had a 2020 U.S. census population of 18,544, making it the sixth-largest incorporated municipality in Northeast Texas by population. Palestine is a relatively small city located in the Piney Woods, equidistant from the major cities of Dallas, Houston, and Shreveport, Louisiana.

It is notable for its natural environment, and has a notable dogwood blooming season. It has 23 historical sites on the National Register of Historic Places, and was the western terminus of the historic Texas State Railroad. Today, this steam-and-diesel railroad museum operates tourist trains between Palestine and Rusk.
Camporgiano
Camporgiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Florence and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Lucca.

Camporgiano borders the following municipalities: Careggine, Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, Piazza al Serchio, San Romano in Garfagnana, Vagli Sotto.

Vagli Sotto
Vagli Sotto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region of Tuscany, located about 90 kilometres (56 miles) northwest of Florence and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Lucca.

Sotto borders the following municipalities: Camporgiano, Careggine, Massa, Minucciano, Stazzema.  The Lake of Vagli, created by a dam in 1947,  and the abandoned village of Fabbriche di Careggina, are  located nearby.

The town contains the Romanesque church of San Regolo.
Shungo Sawada
Shungo Sawada (born Tokyo, February 10, 1930 - died August 28, 2006) was a Japanese jazz guitarist.

Sawada began playing guitar at twelve years old, and played in his early twenties on US military installations. He founded his own group, Double Beats, in 1954, and led a five-piece band in the mid-1960s. His Japanese sidemen included Shotaro Moriyasu, Norio Maeda, Akitoshi Igarashi, and Motohiko Hino; he also played with visiting American musicians such as Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Benny Goodman, Thad Jones, Helen Merrill, Oscar Peterson, and Sonny Stitt. He was the founder of the label Elec in 1972, and later taught at Roots College of Music in Tokyo.

Shōtarō Moriyasu
Shōtarō Moriyasu (守安 祥太郎, Moriyasu Shōtarō, January 5, 1924 – September 25, 1955) was a Japanese jazz pianist. He became a leading bebop musician in Japan in the early to mid-1950s, but was never officially recorded. His suicide at the age of 31 contributed to his image as a tragic artistic figure in jazz.
Egyptian constitutional review committee of 2011
A committee formed in February 2011 by the Egyptian military following suspension of the constitution during the 2011 Egyptian revolution. The committee's purpose is to review the constitution of Egypt, to be ratified by a referendum.

Tarek El-Bishry
Tarek El-Bishry (Arabic: طارق عبد الفتاح سليم البشري, IPA: [ˈtˤɑːɾˤeʔ ʕæbdelfætˈtæːħ seˈliːm elˈbeʃɾi]; 1 November 1933 – 26 February 2021) was an Egyptian judge. On 15 February 2011, El-Bishry was appointed by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces to head the committee set up to propose constitutional changes in the aftermath of the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
Bill Holm (art historian)
O. William Holm Jr. (March 24, 1925 – December 16, 2020) was an American art historian and author who worked and published under the name Bill Holm. His specialty was First Nations Northwest Coast art, and he was known for creating much of the vocabulary used to describe formline design. Holm's book Northwest Coast Indian Art: An Analysis of Form (1965) has been a foundational work in the study of this art.

Northwest Coast art
Northwest Coast art is the term commonly applied to a style of art created primarily by artists from Tlingit, Haida, Heiltsuk, Nuxalk, Tsimshian, Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth and other First Nations and Native American tribes of the Northwest Coast of North America, from pre-European-contact times up to the present.
Kumsenga
Kumsenga is an administrative Ward within Muhambwe Constituency in Kibondo District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania. 
In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 14,811 people in the ward, from 22,641 in 2012.: 125 : 147

Kibondo District
Kibondo District is one of the six districts of Kigoma Region, Tanzania. It is bordered to the north by the Kakonko District, to the east by the Tabora Region, to the south by the Uvinza District, to the west by the Kasulu District and to the northwest by Burundi.

The population of Kibondo District in 2016 was 287,652, from 261,331 in 2012.: 125 : 147
Russian bank (card game)
Russian bank, crapette or tunj, historically also called the wrangle, is a card game for two players from the patience family. It is played with two decks of 52 standard playing cards. The U.S. Playing Card Company, who first published its rules in 1898, called it "probably the best game for two players ever invented".

The goal of Russian bank, like many card games, is for the player to get rid of forty-eight cards before their opponent can rid themselves of theirs. At the same time, it is required to build "piles" of suits, ace through king, in the center of the board. If a rule regarding the placement of piles is broken, the opponent may call "Stop!" (or "Tunj!" or "Crapette!") to end one's turn.

Commercially produced versions of Russian bank include Skip-Bo and Spite and Malice.

Solitaire
Solitaire, patience, or card solitaire refer to a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are varieties for two or more players.
Ironton station
The Ironton Norfolk and Western Depot is a former train station in downtown Ironton, Ohio, United States.  Constructed at the beginning of the twentieth century, it served the transportation needs of its community for more than half a century, and it has been named a historic site because of its place in local history.

Ironton, Ohio
Ironton is a city in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Its population was 10,571 at the 2020 census. Located in southernmost Ohio along the Ohio River, it is 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Huntington, West Virginia, within the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area. The city's name is a contraction of "iron town", stemming from its long ties to the iron industry. It also had one of the first professional football teams, the Ironton Tanks.