hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Commission
The United Kingdom's Geospatial Commission was an expert group responsible for promoting the use of geospatial data in the country.
The commission also defines UK's "geospatial strategy".

Initially established in 2018 as part of the Cabinet Office, it later moved to the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology before being merged into the Government Digital Service in January 2025.

The Geospatial Commission works closely alongside its Partner Bodies,  also known as the Geo6:

British Geological Survey

Coal Authority

HM Land Registry

Ordnance Survey

UK Hydrographic Office

Valuation Office Agency

British Geological Survey
The British Geological Survey (BGS) is a partly publicly funded body which aims to advance geoscientific knowledge of the United Kingdom landmass and its continental shelf by means of systematic surveying, monitoring and research.

The BGS headquarters are in Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, England. Its other centres are located in Edinburgh, Wallingford, Cardiff and London. The current tagline of the BGS is: Understanding our Earth.
Soy (Alejandra Guzmán album)
Soy (transl. "I Am") is the ninth studio album by Mexican singer Alejandra Guzmán. This album was the first produced by Desmond Child, Randy Cantor and was the winner of the 2002 Latin Grammy Award for "Best Rock Solo Vocal Album", being the first win and, to date, the only Latin Grammy won by the singer.

The album yielded four singles: "De Verdad", "Diablo", "Volveré a Amar" and the Robbie Williams's original "Quiero Vivir". The track "Vagabundo Corazón" features Joe Perry and Steven Tyler from the rock band Aerosmith. The last track, "Labios de Fuego" was featured on the soundtrack of the Mexican film Dame Tu Cuerpo.

Soy was certified gold in Mexico.

Volveré a Amar
"Volveré a Amar" (Eng.: Loving Again) is the third single released from Soy the tenth studio album by Mexican singer Alejandra Guzmán. The track was written by songwriters Desmond Child, and Richie Supa.

No video was shot for the single. The song deals with the issue of falling in love after a heartbreak. This track is also included, on its original version, on the album Reina de Corazones, and also is featured on La Guzmán: Primera Fila (2013), a live album by Guzmán.
Schecter Guitar Research
Schecter Guitar Research, commonly known simply as Schecter, is an American manufacturing company founded in 1976 by David Schecter, which originally produced only replacement parts for existing guitars from manufacturers such as Fender and Gibson. Today, the company mass-produces its own line of electric and acoustic guitars, basses, amplifiers, and effects units through its own brand and four subsidiary companies.

Jeff Loomis
Jeff Loomis (born September 14, 1971) is an American musician, best known for his role as lead guitarist in the progressive metal band Nevermore as well as brief tenures in its precursor, Sanctuary. In 2014, he joined Swedish melodic death metal band Arch Enemy, and in 2021 he joined Graham Bonnet's Alcatrazz as well. He left Arch Enemy in 2023. As a solo artist he has released two albums and one EP.
Miss Universe Philippines 2024
Miss Universe Philippines 2024 was the fifth edition of the Miss Universe Philippines pageant, held at the SM Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay, on May 22, 2024. It was the first where competitors were chosen through local pageants organized by Miss Universe Philippines Accredited Partners.

Michelle Dee of Makati crowned Chelsea Manalo of Bulacan as her successor. Manalo represented the Philippines at the Miss Universe 2024 pageant in Mexico, where she reached the top 30 and became the first Miss Universe Asia. She is the first Black woman to be selected to represent the country in Miss Universe.

The contest was presented by Miss Universe 2022 R'Bonney Gabriel, Alden Richards, Jeannie Mai, Gabbi Garcia and Tim Yap. Lola Amour, Marina Summers, and Win Metawin performed in the event.

Chelsea Manalo
Chelsea Anne Manalo (Tagalog: [ˈtʃɛlsi mɐˈnalɔ]; born October 14, 1999) is a Filipino model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Philippines 2024. As the first Filipino of African descent to win the national competition, Manalo represented the Philippines at Miss Universe 2024, where she finished as a top-30 semifinalist and was named the inaugural continental queen for Asia.

An advocate for indigenous Dumagat people, Manalo campaigns for youth education, accessibility, and empowerment. Manalo previously competed in Miss World Philippines 2017 and reached the top 15.
Jumpstarted Plowhards
Jumpstarted Plowhards is an alternative rock band featuring Mike Watt (The Minutemen, fIREHOSE) and Todd Congelliere (F.Y.P, Toys That Kill).

Watt and Congelliere did an I-5 tour together and afterwards Watt asked Congelliere to do a project with him.

Their debut album, Round One, was released by Recess Records on October 4, 2019. Watt wrote fifteen tracks on bass to a click track and sent them to Congelliere who added guitars and vocals. Congelliere felt that a fifteen track album would be overly long so it was split into two albums worth of songs.

Round One features a different drummer on each track such as Hole drummer Patty Schemel, Jimmy Felix (Toys That Kill),  and Watt's other musical partners George Hurley, Jerry Trebotic, Raul Morales and Nick Aguilar. Four more albums are planned with live gigs after the albums are all released.

Recess Records
Recess Records is an independent record label founded in 1988.  Label founder Todd Congelliere (frontman for F.Y.P and Toys That Kill) initially made 100 cassettes of F.Y.P's songs and sold them at skateboard contests. Two years later, Congelliere released a vinyl record, F.Y.P's Extra Credit, an 11-song 7-inch record, and the label took off from there.

In between touring the U.S., Europe, and Japan, Congelliere began releasing records for fellow punk rock and DIY bands, eventually having a roster of close to 20 artists on his label. Pinhead Gunpowder, fronted by Green Day frontman Billie Joe Armstrong, announced in April 2008 that a new 7" single from the band would be released on Recess Records in late May 2008.
Corrado Passera
Corrado Passera (born on 30 December 1954 in Como, Italy) is an Italian manager and banker, who has served as Minister of Economic Development and Infrastructure and Transport in the Mario Monti Cabinet.

Bocconi University
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Bocconi University or Università Bocconi (formally known in Italian as Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi [universiˈta kommerˈtʃaːle luˈiːdʒi bokˈkoːni] – or simply Bocconi) is a non-profit private university located in Milan, Italy.

The university offers courses in social sciences, with programs in economics, management, finance, law, political science, data and computer science, and an increasing focus on artificial intelligence.

Bocconi is a founding member of CEMS – The Global Alliance in Management Education. Through its graduate business school, the SDA Bocconi School of Management, the university holds triple accreditation from AACSB, EQUIS, and AMBA. SDA Bocconi offers MBA, Executive MBA, DBA, executive education, professional development, and certification programs.
John II of Naples
John II (died 919) was the duke of Naples from 915 to his death. He succeeded his father Gregory IV on the latter's death late in 915.

During his reign, he joined a Christian alliance under Pope John X.

He had accompanied his father to the Battle of the Garigliano under Nicholas Picingli, where the Christian coalition defeated the Moslems of the fortress on the Garigliano.

Duke of Naples
The dukes of Naples were the military commanders of the ducatus Neapolitanus, a Byzantine outpost in Italy, one of the few remaining after the conquest of the Lombards. In 661, Emperor Constans II, highly interested in south Italian affairs (he established his court in Syracuse), appointed a Neapolitan named Basil dux or magister militum. Thereafter a line of dukes, often largely independent and dynastic from the mid-ninth century, ruled until the coming of the Normans, a new menace they could not weather. The thirty-ninth and last duke, Sergius VII, surrendered his city to King Roger II of Sicily in 1137.
Vincent, Alabama
Vincent, originally known as Propel, is a city in Shelby, St. Clair, and Talladega counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,982. The community was first known as Propel, but later named Vincent in honor of the Vincent family, who were early settlers of the area. It was incorporated in 1897.

Talladega County, Alabama
Talladega County is one of sixty-seven counties in the U.S. state of Alabama, located in its east-central portion. As of the 2020 census, the population was 82,149. Its county seat is Talladega.

Talladega County is included in the Talladega-Sylacauga, AL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Birmingham-Cullman-Talladega, AL Combined Statistical Area.
Mikhail Kokorich
Mikhail Valeryevich Kokorich (Russian: Михаил Валерьевич Кокорич, born 11 October 1976) is a Russian physicist and entrepreneur. He has founded, in Russia, the United States, and Europe, several companies active in aerospace technologies. He is best known as a CEO and founder of Destinus, developing a high-speed aircraft, a hybrid between an airplane and a rocket, for cargo delivery purposes. Previously, Mikhail Kokorich has founded and developed several companies in the space industry, including Momentus, which was listed on the NASDAQ in the summer of 2021.

Destinus
Destinus Group BV is a private European aerospace company specialising in aerospace, defence and energy founded in 2021 in Payerne, Switzerland. The company focuses on supersonic and hypersonic aviation, hydrogen, dual-use technologies, and power generation.
2023 Jordanian First Division League
The 2023 Jordanian First Division League started on 3 September 2023 and concluded on 13 December 2023.

The league featured 10 teams from the 2022 campaign, two new teams relegated from the 2022 Pro League: Al-Sareeh and Al-Jazeera, and two new teams promoted from the 2022 Jordan League Division 2: Samma and Umm al-Quttayn.

Al-Jazeera won the league title and promoted to 2024–25 Jordanian Pro League alongside Al-Sareeh. Al-Turra and Alia were relegated to the 2024 Jordan League Division 2.

Umm Al-Qutain SC
Umm Al-Qutain Sports Club (Arabic: نادي أم القطين الرياضي) is a Jordanian football club based in based in Badiah Gharbiyah, Jordan. It currently competes in the Jordanian Second Division League, the third tier of Jordanian football.
Lord Lieutenant of Monaghan
This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of County Monaghan.

There were lieutenants of counties in Ireland until the reign of James II, when they were renamed governors. The office of Lord Lieutenant was recreated on 23 August 1831.

County Monaghan
County Monaghan (/ˈmɒnəhən/ MON-ə-hən; Irish: Contae Mhuineacháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of Border strategic planning area of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Monaghan. Monaghan County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 65,288, according to the 2022 census.

The county has existed since 1585 when the Mac Mathghamhna rulers of Airgíalla agreed to join the Kingdom of Ireland. Following the 20th-century Irish War of Independence and the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Monaghan was one of three Ulster counties to join the Irish Free State rather than Northern Ireland.
Jewish Military Union
The Jewish Military Union (Polish: Żydowski Związek Wojskowy, ŻZW; Yiddish: יידישע מיליטערישע פֿאראייניקונג, romanized: Yidishe Militerishe Fareynikung) was an underground resistance organization operating during World War II in the area of the Warsaw Ghetto, which fought during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and 1944 Warsaw Uprising. It was formed, primarily of former officers of the Polish Army, in late 1939, soon after the start of the German occupation of Poland.

Due to the ŻZW's close ties with the Armia Krajowa (AK), which was closely linked to the Polish Government in Exile, after the war the Soviet-dependent People's Republic of Poland suppressed publication of books and articles on ŻZW. Its role in the uprising in the ghetto was downplayed, in favour of the larger, more socialist Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Jewish Fighting Organization).

Resistance during World War II
During World War II, resistance movements operated in German-occupied Europe by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation to propaganda, hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. In many countries, resistance movements were sometimes also referred to as The Underground.

While resistance groups played a significant auxiliary role in harassing the enemy, their military impact was limited, and they were incapable of liberating their nations alone. Overall, the effectiveness of resistance movements during World War II is generally measured more by their political and moral impact than their decisive military contribution to the overall Allied victory.
Durkh trern
Durkh trern (Yiddish: דורך טרערן, Ukrainian: «Крізь сльози», lit. 'Through Tears'), was a 1928 Soviet silent black and white comedy-drama film shot at the All-Ukrainian Photo Cinema Administration, directed by Grigory Gricher. It was based on stories The Bewitched Tailor and Motl, Peysi the Cantor's Son. It was sold to the United States, Russian subtitles removed and voice-over in Yiddish added by "Worldkino Corporation", with music by Sholom Secunda and occasional English subtitles added, and played there under the title Laughter Through Tears in 1933. Both 32 mm film versions were lost, only a 16 mm version was found and digitally restored by the National Center for Jewish Film in 1991. Sholem Aleichem's stories are overlaid with a lyrical line and failed attempts of the younger generation to plot "get rich quick" schemes.

Grigory Gricher
Grigory Gricher  or Grigory Cherikover (Russian: Григорий Гричер, Григорий Зиновьевич Чериковер; 1893–1945) was Soviet Ukrainian film director and screenwriter of Jewish descent. His alias "Gricher" is made of his first name and surname.
Panticosa
Panticosa (in Aragonese: Pandicosa) is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain.

During the late 19th century and early 20th century, it was a successful spa town, famous for its pure mountain waters, that supposedly cured everything from liver diseases to herpes.

Its Belle Époque spa buildings are well kept and still in use.

The first-ever FAI World Paragliding Hike and Fly Championship will take place in Panticosa from June 6 to June 13, 2027.

Aragonese language
Aragonese (/ˌærəɡəˈniːz/ ARR-ə-gə-NEEZ; aragonés [aɾaɣoˈnes] in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça. It is the only modern language which survived from medieval Navarro-Aragonese in a form distinct from Spanish.

Historically, people referred to the language as fabla ('talk' or 'speech'). Native Aragonese people usually refer to it by the names of its local dialects such as cheso (from Valle de Hecho) or patués (from the Benasque Valley).
TIA1
TIA1 or Tia1 cytotoxic granule-associated rna binding protein is a 3'UTR mRNA binding protein that can bind the 5'TOP sequence of 5'TOP mRNAs.  It is associated with programmed cell death (apoptosis) and regulates alternative splicing of the gene encoding the Fas receptor, an apoptosis-promoting protein. Under stress conditions, TIA1 localizes to cellular RNA-protein conglomerations called stress granules. It is encoded by the TIA1 gene.

Mutations in the TIA1 gene have been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and Welander distal myopathy. It also plays a crucial role in the development of toxic oligomeric tau in Alzheimer's disease.

Fas receptor
The Fas receptor, also known as Fas, FasR,  apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1 or APT), cluster of differentiation 95 (CD95) or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAS gene. Fas was first identified using a monoclonal antibody generated by immunizing mice with the FS-7 cell line. Thus, the name Fas is derived from FS-7-associated surface antigen.

The Fas receptor is a death receptor on the surface of cells that leads to programmed cell death (apoptosis) if it binds its ligand, Fas ligand (FasL). It is one of two apoptosis pathways, the other being the mitochondrial pathway.
John Willes (1721–1784)
Sir John Willes (c. 1721 – 24 November 1784) was an English politician.

He was the eldest son of John Willes, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and his wife Margaret Brewster. Edward Willes, judge of the Court of King's Bench, was his younger brother. He was educated at Worcester College, Oxford (1738) and studied law at Lincoln's Inn (1734). He succeeded his father to Astrop Park near Banbury in 1761.

He was member of parliament (MP) for Banbury 1746–1754, and for Aylesbury 1754–1761.

He died in 1784. In 1754 he had married Frances, the daughter and heiress of Thomas Freke, a Bristol merchant. They had one son and three daughters.

his daughter margaret married Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet

Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet
Sir George Howland Beaumont, 7th Baronet (6 November 1753 – 7 February 1827) was a British art patron and amateur painter. He played a crucial part in the creation of London's National Gallery by making the first bequest of paintings to that institution.
Rhubarb (1951 film)
Rhubarb is a 1951 screwball comedy film adapted from the 1946 novel Rhubarb by humorist H. Allen Smith. The film was directed by Arthur Lubin and stars Ray Milland, Jan Sterling, William Frawley, Gene Lockhart and a cat named Orangey in the title role.

George Seaton
George Seaton (born George Edward Stenius; April 17, 1911 – July 28, 1979) was an American screenwriter, playwright, film director and producer, and theater director.  Seaton led several industry organizations, serving as a three-time president of the Motion Picture Academy of Arts and Sciences, president of the Writers Guild of America West and the Screen Directors Guild, and vice president of Motion Picture Relief Fund. He won two Academy Awards for his screenplays.
Nam Shan, Tai Hang Tung & Tai Hang Sai (constituency)
Nam Shan, Tai Hang Tung & Tai Hang Sai (Chinese: 南山、大坑東及大坑西) is one of the 25 constituencies in the Sham Shui Po District of Hong Kong which was created in 2007.

The constituency loosely covers Nam Shan Estate, Tai Hang Tung Estate and Tai Hang Sai Estate with the estimated population of 19,773.

Tai Hang Tung Estate
Tai Hang Tung Estate (Chinese: 大坑東邨) is a public housing estate in Kowloon Tong, Sham Shui Po District, Kowloon, Hong Kong, located near the Tai Hang Sai and Nam Shan Estates as well as Shek Kip Mei station.
François-Antoine-Henri Descroizilles
François-Antoine-Henri Descroizilles was a French chemist and pharmacist and the inventor of titration (volumetric analysis), having invented the burette in 1791. He also invented the French drip coffee pot.

Titration
Titration (also known as titrimetry and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed). A reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volume. The titrant reacts with a solution of analyte (which may also be termed the titrand) to determine the analyte's concentration. The volume of titrant that reacted with the analyte is termed the titration volume.
The Bachelorette (American TV series) season 12
The twelfth season of The Bachelorette premiered on ABC on May 23, 2016. This season featured 25-year-old Joelle "JoJo" Fletcher, a real estate developer from Dallas, Texas. Fletcher was the runner-up on season 20 of The Bachelor featuring Ben Higgins.

The season concluded on August 1, 2016, with Fletcher accepting a proposal from 27-year-old former pro quarterback Jordan Rodgers. Rodgers and Fletcher married on May 14, 2022, and currently live in Dallas.

Contestant Chad Johnson, who was eliminated in Week 4, achieved some level of infamy in 2020 due to his arrest for domestic violence and the launch of a career in pornography.

JoJo Fletcher
Joelle Hannah Fletcher (born November 1, 1990) is an American television personality. She was a contestant on the twentieth season of ABC's The Bachelor and the lead on the twelfth season of The Bachelorette.
Longview Cherokees
The Longview Cherokees were a Big State League baseball team based in Longview, Texas that existed in 1952. They went 71-76 in their only year of existence.

Clem Hausmann and Andy Anderson played for them.

Big State League
The Big State League was a mid-level, Class B level circuit in American minor league baseball that played for 11 seasons, from 1947 through 1957. Its member clubs were exclusively based in Texas. The Corpus Christi Clippers (1955-1956),  Texarkana Bears (1947, 1950) and Wichita Falls Spudders (1949, 1953) each won two league championships.
Andre Reed Stadium
University Field at Andre Reed Stadium (or simply Andre Reed Stadium, formerly University Field) is an outdoor college football stadium located in Kutztown, Pennsylvania on the campus of Kutztown University of Pennsylvania. It is home to both Kutztown's football and field hockey programs, both of which compete in the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference.

The stadium has a capacity of 5,600 making it the ninth-largest venue in the PSAC.

University Field was renamed to University Field at Andre Reed Stadium on October 18, 2014, in a ceremony honoring Andre Reed, a former football player at Kutztown and in the National Football League who was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Andre Reed
Andre Darnell Reed (born January 29, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for 16 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Buffalo Bills. He played college football for the Kutztown Golden Bears and was selected by the Bills in the fourth round of the 1985 NFL draft with the 86th overall selection. Following 15 seasons with the Bills, with whom he earned seven Pro Bowl selections, Reed spent his final season as a member of the Washington Redskins in 2000.

Reed currently ranks 18th in all-time NFL touchdown receptions with 87 and tenth in all-time NFL post-season receptions with 85. Reed helped lead the Bills to four consecutive, although winless, Super Bowls, Super Bowl XXV to Super Bowl XXVIII.

At the time of his 2001 retirement, Reed was second in all-time NFL career receptions. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014.
Trinity House of Leith
Trinity House, 99 Kirkgate, is a building in Leith, Edinburgh, Scotland, which was a guild hall, custom house, and centre for maritime administration and poor relief. In the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Era it also served as an almshouse and hospital. Now in state care, it houses a maritime museum. It is a category A listed building.

Leith
Leith (/liːθ/; Scottish Gaelic: Lìte) is a suburb to the north of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying at the mouth of the Water of Leith. It is home to the Port of Leith.

The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of Holyrood Abbey in 1128 in which it is termed Inverlet (Inverleith). After centuries of control by Edinburgh, Leith was made a separate burgh in 1833 only to be merged into Edinburgh in 1920.

Leith is located on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth and lies within the City of Edinburgh council area; since 2007 it has formed one of 17 multi-member wards of the city.