hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
World Rowing U19 Championships
The World Rowing U19 Championships, former name World Rowing Junior Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation).  A rower or coxswain shall be classified as a Junior until 31 December of the year in which he reaches the age of 18. After that date, he shall be classified as an Under 23 rower. During Olympic years it is held at the same location as the Senior World Rowing Championships.

The first FISA Youth Regatta was held in 1967 and has been held every year since then, being raised to the status of FISA Junior Champs in 1970 and Junior World Champs in 1985.

Many European countries send athletes not up to the standard for World Championships to the Coupe de la Jeunesse.

Coupe de la Jeunesse
The Coupe de la Jeunesse is an international rowing regatta rowed over 2,000 m every year. It was founded in 1985 and is open to rowers who are 18 or under by the end of the current calendar year. It is a two-day team event, with points awarded to nations based on finishing position in each category. As a result, a strong overall team is required to take overall victory in the Coupe, and the event has only ever been won by Great Britain (18 wins), Italy (14 wins), and France (8 wins).

Each category is raced separately on the first and second day of the regatta, allowing different Coupe de la Jeunesse event winners on each day. Some countries use this regatta as a destination for athletes who do not reach the standard required for the Junior World Championships.
Mercedes-Benz W154
The Mercedes-Benz W154 was a Grand Prix racing car designed by Rudolf Uhlenhaut. The W154 competed in the 1938 and 1939 Grand Prix seasons and was used by Rudolf Caracciola to win the 1938 European Championship.

The W154 was created as a result of a rule change by the sports governing body AIACR, which limited supercharged engine capacities to 3000cc. Mercedes' previous car, the supercharged 5700cc W125, was therefore ineligible. The company decided that a new car based on the chassis of the W125 and designed to comply with the new regulations would be preferable to modifying the existing car.

Although using the same chassis design as the 1938 car, a different body was used for the 1939 season and the M154 engine used during 1938 was replaced by the M163. As a result of the new engine, the 1939 car is often mistakenly referred to as a Mercedes-Benz W163.

Maserati 8CTF
The Maserati 8CTF is an open-wheel Grand Prix motor racing car designed, developed, and built by Italian manufacturer Maserati from 1938 to 1939. To date, it remains the only Italian-made car to win the Indianapolis 500 (excluding Dallara, which only supplies the chassis to the teams, not the engines).
Decentralized Administration of Epirus and Western Macedonia
The Decentralized Administration of Epirus and Western Macedonia (Greek: Αποκεντρωμένη Διοίκηση Ηπείρου – Δυτικής Μακεδονίας) is one of the seven decentralized administrations of Greece, consisting of the peripheries of Epirus and Western Macedonia. Seated in Ioannina, Epirus, it is currently led by Acting Secretary-General Vasileios Michelakis.

Decentralized administrations of Greece
The decentralized administrations (Greek: αποκεντρωμένες διοικήσεις, romanized: apokentroménes dioikíseis) is a tier of the public administration of Greece. They are appointed by the national government to supervise the regions and municipalities within their territory. They were created in January 2011 as part of a far-reaching reform of the country's administrative structure, the Kallikratis reform (Law 3852/2010).

They are run by a government-appointed general secretary, assisted by an advisory council drawn from the regional governors and the representatives of the municipalities. They enjoy both administrative and financial autonomy and exercise devolved state powers in urban planning, environmental and energy policy, forestry, migration and citizenship. Beyond that, they are tasked with supervising the first and second-level self-governing bodies, the regions and municipalities.
Bespoke
Bespoke (/biˈspoʊk/ ⓘ) describes anything commissioned to a particular specification, altered or tailored to the customs, tastes, or usage of an individual purchaser. In contemporary usage, bespoke has become a general marketing and branding concept implying exclusivity and limited runs.

Bespoke tailoring
Bespoke tailoring (/biˈspoʊk/ ⓘ) or custom tailoring is clothing made to an individual buyer's specifications by a tailor. 
Bespoke garments are completely unique and created without the use of a pre-existing pattern, while made to measure uses a standard-sized pattern altered to fit the customer.
Saenger Theatre (Mobile, Alabama)
The Saenger Theatre is a historic theater and contributing building to the Lower Dauphin Street Historic District in Mobile, Alabama.  It was dedicated in January 1927. The Saenger Theatre is a Mobile landmark, known for its architecture and ties to local cultural history. The theater has been completely renovated in recent years with an upgraded electrical system, VIP facilities, new stage rigging and sound system.  It is the official home of the Mobile Symphony Orchestra and also serves as the venue for movie festivals, concerts, lectures and special events.

Lower Dauphin Street Historic District
The Lower Dauphin Street Historic District is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States.  It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 9, 1979.  The district encompasses all of Dauphin Street from Water Street to Jefferson Street.  It covers 551 acres (2.23 km2) and contains 736 contributing buildings.  The boundaries were increased on February 19, 1982, June 30, 1995, August 14, 1998, and September 3, 2019.  The buildings range in age from the 1820s to the 20th century and include the Federal, Greek Revival, Queen Anne, Italianate, and various other Victorian architectural styles.
Governor of Michigan
The governor of Michigan is the head of government of the U.S. state of Michigan. The current governor is Gretchen Whitmer, a member of the Democratic Party, who was inaugurated on January 1, 2019, as the state's 49th governor. She was re-elected to serve a second term in 2022. The governor is elected to a four-year term and is limited to two terms.

Lieutenant Governor of Michigan
The lieutenant governor of Michigan is the second-ranking official in U.S. state of Michigan, behind the governor.

The current lieutenant governor is Garlin Gilchrist, a Democrat, who has held the office since January 1, 2019.
Tihu (instrument)
The tihu (提胡; pinyin: tíhú) is a two-stringed bowed vertical fiddle in the huqin family, used in Chaozhou xianshi music of the Chaozhou people. It is an adaptation of the gaohu used in Cantonese music. It has a tubular hardwood body that is covered on the playing end with python skin. It is used in the Chaozhou people's original homeland of Chaozhou and Shantou, in eastern Guangdong, as well as in regions where Chaozhou people have immigrated, such as Thailand and Singapore.

The tihu is generally held with the resonator between the knees. It is considered a supporting instrument in the Chaozhou xianshi ensemble. It is tuned lower and plays in a slower, more lyrical fashion than does the leading fiddle, called erxian.

Teochew string music
Teochew string music or Chaozhou xianshi (simplified Chinese: 潮州弦诗; traditional Chinese: 潮州弦詩; lit. 'Chaozhou string-poem' also called "string-poem music") is classed as a type of sizhu music (chamber music for strings and woodwind, literally 'silk/bamboo') although it typically uses stringed instruments only. It is found in northeastern Guangdong and parts of Fujian and also in regions with overseas Teochew populations, such as Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the United States. The Chaoshan region of Guangdong, bordering on Fujian and comprising the cities of Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang, forms its own cultural sphere. Teahouses often accompany with Chaozhou music.
Serene Grand Orient of Greece
The Serene Grand Lodge of Greece is a Masonic Grand Lodge in Greece. The name was originally used by an organisation which existed from 1815 to 1843. After that time the Grand Lodge of Greece took its place. The present organisation under the name of the Serene Grand Lodge of Greece was refounded in 1986 by former members of the Grand Lodge. Today, they are firmly associated with Liberal Freemasonry, belonging to ISMAP and now CLIPSAS.

International Secretariat of the Masonic Adogmatic Powers
The International Secretariat of the Masonic Adogmatic Powers (ISMAP) (French: Secrétariat international Maçonnique des Puissances Adogmatiques (SIMPA)) was an international organization of Masonic jurisdictions of masonic lodges. Its members merged back into CLIPSAS in the early 2010s.
The Birches (Garrison, New York)
The Birches is a house at the southeast corner of the junction of NY 9D and 403 in the hamlet of Garrison, New York, United States. It was built for William H. Osborn, as part of his nearby Wing & Wing estate, by architect Ralph Adams Cram in the Gothic Revival architectural style. Osborn was a 19th-century railroad tycoon, who became one of the most prominent railroad leaders in the United States.  In addition to Wing and Wing and the Birches, Osborn famously constructed Castle Rock, his great summer estate overlooking the Hudson River.

In 1982 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is just across Route 9D from the Garrison Grist Mill Historic District.

Ralph Adams Cram
Ralph Adams Cram (December 16, 1863 – September 22, 1942) was a prolific and influential American architect of collegiate and ecclesiastical buildings, often in the Gothic Revival style. Cram & Ferguson and Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson are partnerships in which he worked. Cram was a fellow of the American Institute of Architects.
Oxazepam hemisuccinate
Oxazepam hemisuccinate (Empracil), is a benzodiazepine derivative which is an ester substituted prodrug of oxazepam. It was developed as a water-soluble benzodiazepine suitable for administration by injection, for use as an anxiolytic and for procedural sedation. It was used medically to a limited extent during the 1970s and 1980s under the brand name Empracil, but fell into disuse following the introduction of midazolam, which is similarly water-soluble and is more potent and effective than oxazepam hemisuccinate for the same medical applications. It has two isomers, with the R enantiomer being more effective due to more efficient cleavage of the ester link.

Oxazepam
Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine. Oxazepam is used for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and to control symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

It is a metabolite of diazepam, prazepam, and temazepam, and has moderate amnesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties compared to other benzodiazepines.

It was patented in 1962 and approved for medical use in 1964.
Jimmie Guthrie
James Guthrie (23 May 1897 – 8 August 1937) was a Scottish motorcycle racer.

A motorcycle garage proprietor and professional motorcycle racer from Hawick Roxburghshire, Jimmie Guthrie was known as the “Flying Scotsman,” with a hard-charging motor-cycle racing style winning 14 European Continental Grand Prix in a three-year period 1934–1937 out of a total of 19 European Grand Prix victories .

While racing with the works Norton motorcycle team, Jimmie Guthrie won the 500cc FICM 500cc European motor-cycle championship for three consecutive years 1934–1937 and the 350cc category in 1937. During the 1930s, Jimmie Guthrie won the North West 200 races on three occasions and a further six wins at the Isle of Man TT races.

While leading on the last lap of the 1937  German Motorcycle Grand Prix, Jimmie Guthrie crashed for reasons that are still not entirely clear, speculated to be an incident with another competitor, or a mechanical issue. He later died later in hospital from the injuries.

1937 Isle of Man TT
The 1937 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy saw Freddie Frith break the 90+ mph lap for the first time during the Senior TT with a speed of 90.27 mph on his Norton beating Stanley Woods by only 15 seconds. Frith also beat Wood in the Junior TT but only with a second placing.

The popular Jimmie Guthrie, who was killed during the German Grand Prix later that year, won Junior race but retired in the Senior TT at the Cutting, where a memorial was erected. The location, on the uphill climb from Ramsey to the Bungalow, on the Mountain Course, is now known as the Guthrie Memorial.

Harold Daniell who had been a works rider for AJS entered the 1937 TT with a three-year-old Norton tuned by his brother-in-law, Steve Lancefield which gave him a fifth place, a finishing position he also achieved in the Junior TT.

In the Lightweight TT Omobono Tenni becomes the first foreigner to secure a victory in an Isle of Man TT race on his Moto Guzzi.
Minnesota Frost
The Minnesota Frost are a professional ice hockey team based in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, that competes in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). They are one of the six charter franchises of the league. The team plays its home games at Grand Casino Arena. In 2024, the Frost won the PWHL's inaugural Walter Cup championship. They are the current Walter Cup champions, having won championships in 2024 and 2025.

2025 PWHL Finals
The 2025 PWHL Finals was the championship series of the Professional Women's Hockey League 2024–25 PWHL season and the culmination of the 2025 PWHL playoffs. The winners of the semifinals, the Ottawa Charge and the Minnesota Frost competed in a best-of-five series to determine the league's champion and winner of the Walter Cup. The Frost defeated the Charge in four games to win their second consecutive Walter Cup, with each game going into overtime, and the score being 2–1.

The series began on May 20. The Charge had home-ice advantage in the series as the team with the better regular season record. Both teams had 44 points in the regular season, however Ottawa earned a higher ranking due to having more regulation wins than Minnesota.

It was the second straight season that both teams heading into the final were the lower ranked seeds in the semifinals.

In the regular season, the two teams played each other six times, with both teams winning three games.
Dospey Heights
Dospey Heights (Bulgarian: Доспейски възвишения, romanized: Dospeyski Vazvisheniya, IPA: [do'spɛjski vɤzvi'ʃɛnijɐ]) are the ice-free heights on Ray Promontory in the northwestern part of Byers Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Extending 6 km southeastwards from Essex Point and Start Point, and 2.6 km wide.  Rising to 265 m at Start Hill.

The feature is part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area ASPA 126 Byers Peninsula, and is situated in one of its two restricted zones.

The heights are named after the settlement of Dospey in Rila Mountain, southwestern Bulgaria.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
Opera Cup (2025)
Opera Cup (2025) is the fifth Opera Cup professional wrestling tournament produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW). The first round started on June 26, 2025, at Summer of the Beasts, which aired on tape delay on August 9 as part of Blood and Thunder. The first round would continue on September 13 at Fightland and Fury Road, which aired on September 27. The quarterfinals and semifinals were held at Slaughterhouse and Symphony of Horrors, both of which took place on October 4; the latter show was taped and aired on October 25. The finals were held at MLW x Don Gato Tequila: Lucha de los Muertos on November 20.

MLW x Don Gato Tequila: Lucha de los Muertos
MLW x Don Gato Tequila: Lucha de los Muertos (also promoted as simply MLW x Don Gato Tequila) was a professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that took place on November 20, 2025, at the Charleston Music Hall in Charleston, South Carolina. The event aired live on BeIN Sports USA and streamed live on MLW's YouTube channel.

The event featured an appearance from Arn Anderson, the returns of Killer Kross and Scarlett Bordeaux, and the debuts of the Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) and Isla Dawn.
1965 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1965 Illinois Fighting Illini football team represented the University of Illinois as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1965 Big Ten season. In their sixth season under head coach Pete Elliott, the Fighting Illini compiled a 6–4 (4–3 in conference games), finished in fifth place in the Big Ten, and outscored opponents 235 to 118.

Fullback Jim Grabowski led the Big Ten with 252 rushing carries and 1,258 rushing yards. He won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the most valuable player in the Big Ten and was a consensus pick for the 1965 All-America team. Grabowski, linebacker Don Hansen, and defensive back Ron Acks received first-team honors on the 1965 All-Big Ten Conference football team.

The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Fred Custardo (1,124 passing yards, 52.9% completion percentage) and wide receiver John Wright (47 receptions for 755 yards).

The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois.

Jim Grabowski
James Grabowski (born September 9, 1944) is an American former professional football player and broadcaster. He played as a running back in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Green Bay Packers.

Grabowski played college football for the Illinois Fighting Illini, earning consensus All-American honors in 1965. He was selected in the first round of the 1966 NFL draft with the ninth overall pick. Grabowski played in the NFL for Green Bay and the Chicago Bears, winning two Super Bowls with the Packers.  He was an analyst on Illinois football radio broadcasts for nearly 30 years, retiring after the 2006 season.
Bernoulli's method
In numerical analysis, Bernoulli's method, named after Daniel Bernoulli, is a root-finding algorithm which calculates the root of largest absolute value of a univariate polynomial. The method works under the condition that there is only one root (possibly multiple) of  maximal absolute value. The method computes the root of maximal absolute value as the limit of the quotients of two successive terms of a sequence defined by a linear recurrence whose coefficients are those of  the polynomial.

Since the method converges with a linear order only, it is less efficient than other methods, such as Newton's method. However, it can be useful for finding an initial guess ensuring that these other methods converge to the root of maximal absolute value. Bernoulli's method holds historical significance as an early approach to numerical root-finding and provides an elegant connection between recurrence relations and polynomial roots.

Polynomial root-finding
Finding the roots of polynomials is a long-standing problem that has been extensively studied throughout the history and substantially influenced the development of mathematics. It involves determining either a numerical approximation or a closed-form expression of the roots of a univariate polynomial, i.e., determining approximate or closed form solutions of  in the equation

where  are either real or complex numbers.

Efforts to understand and solve polynomial equations led to the development of important mathematical concepts, including irrational and complex numbers, as well as foundational structures in modern algebra such as fields, rings, and groups.

Despite being historically important, finding the roots of higher degree polynomials no longer play a central role in mathematics and computational mathematics, with one major exception in computer algebra.
Motorcycle helmet
A motorcycle helmet is a type of helmet used by motorcycle riders. Motorcycle helmets contribute to motorcycle safety by protecting the rider's head in the event of an impact. They reduce the risk of head injury by 69% and the risk of death by 42%. Their use is required by law in many countries. However, only 10.4% of all motorcyclists wear helmets, according to the World Health Organization in 2016.

Motorcycle helmets consist of a polystyrene foam inner shell that absorbs the shock of an impact, and a protective plastic outer layer. Several variations exist, notably helmets that cover the chin area and helmets that do not. Some helmets provide additional conveniences, such as ventilation, face shields, sun visors, ear protection, or a wireless microphone.

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) are U.S. federal vehicle regulations specifying design, construction, performance, and durability requirements for motor vehicles and regulated automobile safety-related components, systems, and design features. 
They are the U.S. counterpart to the UN Regulations developed by the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations and recognized to varying degree by most countries except the United States.

Canada has a system of analogous rules called the Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (CMVSS), which overlap substantially but not completely in content and structure with the FMVSS.

The FMVSS/CMVSS requirements differ significantly from the international UN requirements, so private import of foreign vehicles not originally manufactured to North American specifications is difficult or impossible.
Battle of Paraitakene
The Battle of Paraitakene (also called Paraetacene; Greek: Παραιτακηνή) was fought in 317 BC, during the second of the succession wars that were fought after the death Alexander the Great; the so called Wars of the Diadochi. In Paraitakene, a district of Persis, the armies of Antigonus Monophthalmus and Eumenes the Cardian engaged in a long and bloody battle that ended indecisively; since Antigonus suffered the most casualties the battle is seen as a victory for Eumenes. Both armies withdrew after the battle; Antigonus towards his ally Peithon's satrapy of Media, Eumenes towards Gabiene.

Macedonian phalanx
The Macedonian phalanx (Greek: Μακεδονική φάλαγξ) was an infantry formation developed by Philip II from the classical Greek hoplite phalanx, of which the main innovation was the use of the sarissa, a 6-metre pike. It was famously commanded by him during the rise of Macedon between 359 and 336 BC, and by his son Alexander the Great during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire and campaigns between 336 and 323 BC.

The Macedonian phalanx model then spread throughout the Hellenistic world, where it became the standard battle formation for pitched battles. During the Second Macedonian War (200–197 BC), Roman-Seleucid War (191–188 BC) and Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC) against the Roman Republic, the Hellenistic phalanx, both the Antigonid phalanx and the Seleucid phalanx, appeared less adaptable to changing conditions on the battlefield  against the more flexible Roman legions.