hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Academy of Public Administration (United States)
The National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA) is a national academy of the United States in the field of public administration. As a congressionally-chartered, nonpartisan, and independent entity, its mission is to produce independent research and studies that advance the field of public administration and facilitate the development, adoption, and implementation of solutions to challenges of government administration. NAPA carries out its work outside of the government’s formal structure. It does not receive any direct federal appropriations.

Academy membership comprises scholars, public administrators, and former public officials who are elected as fellows due to their contributions to the field of public administration. As of 2025, there are more than 1,000 fellows.

It is one of two organizations chartered by Congress to support government oversight, along with the National Academy of Sciences.

Congressional charter
A congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress has issued corporate charters since 1791 and the laws that issue them are codified in Title 36 of the United States Code. The first charter issued by Congress was for the First Bank of the United States.

The relationship between Congress and an organization so recognized is largely symbolic, and is intended to lend the organization the legitimacy of being officially sanctioned by the U.S. government. Congress does not oversee or supervise organizations it has so chartered, aside from receiving a yearly financial statement.
Operation Nanook
Operation Nanook (OP NANOOK; French: Opération Nanook) is an annual sovereignty operation and manoeuvre warfare exercise conducted by the Canadian Armed Forces in the Arctic. Sovereignty patrols in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and northern Canada are conducted by the Canadian Rangers, Canadian Coast Guard in tandem with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The exercise portion is intended to train the different elements of the Canadian Armed Forces (Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian Navy) to operate in the Arctic environment, as well as promote cooperation with allies and close military partners such as the United States Navy and Royal Danish Navy. It can involve multiple components, which are conducted at different times, places and by different units.

HMCS Goose Bay
HMCS Goose Bay is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that served in the Canadian Forces from 1998 to 2025. Goose Bay is the eighth ship of her class. She was the first vessel to be named Goose Bay. The coastal defence vessel was assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and homeported at CFB Halifax.
Vlach Church
The Vlach Church (Serbian: Влашка cрква, romanized: Vlaška crkva) is a Serbian Orthodox church built in 1450 in the village of Donji Kraj, on the Cetinje field, at that time part of Zeta (present-day Montenegro).

Cetinje
Cetinje (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Цетиње, pronounced [t͡sětiɲe]) is a town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital (Montenegrin: prijestonica / приjестоница) of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the president of Montenegro.

According to the 2023 census, the town had a population of 12,460 while the Cetinje Municipality had 14,465 residents. Cetinje is the centre of Cetinje Municipality. The city rests on a small karst plain surrounded by limestone mountains, including Mount Lovćen, the legendary mountain in Montenegrin historiography. Cetinje was founded in the 15th century and became a cradle of the culture of Montenegro. Its status as the honorary capital of Montenegro is due to its heritage as a long-serving former capital of Montenegro.
Museo MAGA
The Museo Arte Gallarate or MAGA is a museum of modern and contemporary art in Gallarate, in the province of Varese in Lombardy, in northern Italy. It was founded in 1966 as the Civica Galleria d'Arte Moderna di Gallarate to house works purchased from, and donated by, artists participating in the Premio Gallarate, a national art competition. It was renamed in 2010 and moved to a new building. The museum holds over 5000 works, and the collection includes paintings, drawings, sculptures, graphic design works, photographs, and installations by artists including Carlo Carrà, Loris Cecchini, Gianni Colombo, Lucio Fontana, Ennio Morlotti, Bruno Munari and Studio Azzurro.: 52  Between 2015 and 2017 Museo MAGA had a second venue in the Palazzo Leone Da Perego, in Legnano, some 15 km to the south-east of Gallarate.

Gallarate
Gallarate (Italian: [ɡallaˈraːte]; Lombard: Galaraa) is a city and comune of Alto Milanese of Lombardy and of Milan metropolitan area, northern Italy, in the Province of Varese. It has a population of 52.886 people (Jan 2025)

It is the junction of railways to Varese, Laveno and Arona (for the Simplon). Some 10 kilometres (6 miles) to the west are the electric works of Vizzola, where 23,000 hp are derived from the river Ticino. Its territory is crossed by the river Arnetta and belongs to the Ticino Natural Park.

The city had a strong textile industry in the first part of the 19th century.

In common with other nearby cities, such as Casorate Sempione and Samarate, its name comes from Latin.
Nodaway County Historical Society Museum
The Nodaway County Historical Society Museum is a museum in Maryville, Missouri telling the history of Nodaway County, Missouri, United States.

The museum contains memorabilia from county residents Dale Carnegie, Homer Croy, Smiley Burnette, Lynne Overman, Sarah Caldwell, Alma Nash, Horace A. "Jimmy" Jones and Albert P. Morehouse.

It has one of the biggest collections of horse racing memorabilia from Calumet Farm and Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing  Citation because of trainer Jimmy Jones.

The museum acquired the Caleb Burns House in 1977.: 2–3, 10

Maryville, Missouri
Maryville is a city in and the county seat of Nodaway County, Missouri, United States. Located in the "Missouri Point" region, the city population was 10,633, according to the 2020 Census. Maryville is home to Northwest Missouri State University and Northwest Technical School. Maryville is the second-largest city (behind St. Joseph, Missouri) wholly within the boundaries of the 1836 Platte Purchase which expanded Missouri's borders into former Indian Territory in northwest Missouri.
Midland Highway (Tasmania)
The Midland Highway (also known as the Midlands Highway) is one of Tasmania's major inter-city highways, running for 176 kilometres (109 mi) between Hobart and Launceston. It is part of the AusLink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities.
It represents a major north–south transportation corridor in Tasmania and has the route 1 designation as part of the National Highway.
The highway consists of various traffic lane arrangements, the most common being two lanes – one in each direction, with overtaking options and at-grade intersections. At both the Launceston and Hobart sections of the highway there are small portions of grade-separated dual carriageway.

National Highway (Australia)
The National Highway (part of the National Land Transport Network) is a system of roads connecting all mainland states and territories of Australia, and is the major network of highways and motorways connecting Australia's capital cities and major regional centres.
Cruachan (band)
Cruachan (pronounced [ˈkɾˠuəxən̪ˠ]; named after the archaeological site of Rathcroghan, also known as Cruachan) are an Irish folk metal band from Dublin that have been active since the 1990s. They are recognised as one of the founders of folk metal, and have been acclaimed as having "gone the greatest lengths of anyone in their attempts to expand" the genre.  With a specific focus on Celtic music and the use of Celtic mythology in their lyrics, Cruachan's style of folk metal is called Celtic metal.

Hammerheart Records
Hammerheart Records (known as Karmageddon Media between 2004 and 2010) is a Dutch independent record label specializing in death metal, black metal, doom metal and folk metal bands from around the world. The label was founded in 1995 and is currently located in Valkenburg aan de Geul. It is incorporated in the Netherlands as Hammerheart Holdings B.V. In 2010, the label changed its name back to Hammerheart Records again and started signing new bands.
Linton railway station (Cambridgeshire)
Linton railway station was a railway station in Linton, Cambridgeshire on the Stour Valley Railway. It closed in 1967. The station house is H-shaped and made of tan colour brick. It is still standing, as well as the platform and sunken trackbed space at the back of the building.

Linton, Cambridgeshire
Linton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England, on the border with Essex. The village is approximately 8 miles (13 km) southeast from the city and county town of Cambridge. The A1307 from Cambridge bypasses the village, while the B1052 passes through the village.

At the 2021 census, Linton parish had a population of 7,234.
Pickwick (operetta)
Pickwick is an 1889 operetta in one act based on an episode in the 1836 novel The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens. The score was by Edward Solomon to lyrics by F. C. Burnand. It was one of three works written by the duo in collaboration, the others being Domestic Economy and The Tiger, both in 1890.

Samuel Pickwick
Samuel Pickwick is a fictional character and the main protagonist in The Pickwick Papers (1836-37), the first novel by author Charles Dickens. One of the author's most famous and loved creations, Pickwick is a retired successful businessman and is the founder and chairman of the Pickwick Club, a club formed to explore places remote from London and investigate the quaint and curious phenomena of life found there.
Xanthippus (father of Pericles)
Xanthippus (/zænˈθɪpəs/; Greek: Ξάνθιππος, pronounced [ksán.tʰip.pos]; c. 520 – 475 BC) was a wealthy Athenian politician and general during the Greco-Persian Wars. He was the son of Ariphron and father of Pericles, both prominent Athenian statesmen. A marriage to Agariste, niece of Cleisthenes, linked Xanthippus with the Alcmaeonid clan, whose aristocratic interests he often represented in government. He was ostracized in 484 BC, likely arising from his rivalry with Themistocles, but he was recalled from exile when the Persians invaded Greece. He commanded the Athenian fleets in the Battle of Mycale and the Siege of Sestos. It is possible that he participated in the Battle of Marathon and Battle of Salamis.

Ariphron
Ariphron (/ˈærɪfrɒn/; Ancient Greek: Ἀρίφρων) was the name of several people from ancient Greek history:

Ariphron, the father of Xanthippus, and grandfather of Pericles, both prominent Athenian statesmen.  He was associated with the Alcmaeonid family.

Ariphron, the brother of Pericles.

Ariphron of Sicyon, a Greek poet, and the author of a paean to health (Ὑγίεια), which has been preserved by Athenaeus.  The beginning of the poem is quoted by Lucian and Maximus of Tyre.  It is also printed in Bergk's Poetae Lyrici Graeci.

Ariphron, an Archon of Athens, reigning in the 9th century BC.
Jia Chong
Jia Chong (217 – 19 May 282), courtesy name Gonglü, was a Chinese politician who lived during the late Three Kingdoms period and early Jin dynasty of China. He started his career as an advisor to Sima Shi and Sima Zhao, the regents of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms era, and subsequently served as an official in the court of Sima Zhao's son, Sima Yan (Emperor Wu), after the establishment of the Jin dynasty.

Li Feng (Cao Wei)
Li Feng (200s - 27 March 254), courtesy name Anguo, was a Chinese politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a trusted official of the third Wei emperor Cao Fang, and did not follow the regent Sima Shi's wishes.

In 254, in company with Xiahou Xuan and Zhang Ji (張緝; son of Zhang Derong), he plotted to kill Sima Shi. However, Sima Shi sensed their scheme and summoned Li Feng to meet him in the palace, where he interrogated Li Feng and killed him. He was then accused of treason and his family members were executed as well.
Line 3 (Foshan Metro)
Line 3 of Foshan Metro (FMetro) (Chinese: 佛山地铁3号线; pinyin: Fóshān Dìtiě Sān Hào Xiàn) is a metro line in Foshan that runs 45.74 km (28.42 mi) between Zhen'an in Chancheng District and Shunde College Railway Station in Shunde District, and runs 16.38 km (10.18 mi) between Lianhe and Foshan University entirely in Nanhai District. The initial section between Shunde College Railway Station and Zhen'an opened on 28 December 2022, and the rear section between Zhen'an and Zhongshan Park (south section) and between Lianhe and Foshan University (north section) opened on 23 August 2024. The full line will run from Shunde Port in Shunde District to Foshan University in Nanhai District.

Nanhai, Foshan
Nanhai District (simplified Chinese: 南海区; traditional Chinese: 南海區) or Namhoi (from Cantonese, Jyutping: naam4 hoi2), is a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China. Its government is the first to have developed e-government informatization at the county level in China.
2010 Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football team
The 2010 Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football team represented Bethune-Cookman University as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 2010 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Wildcats were led by first-year head coach Brian Jenkins and played their home games at Municipal Stadium. They finished the season 10–2 overall and 7–1 in MEAC play, sharing the conference title with South Carolina State. Bethune–Cookman was invited to the NCAA Division I Football Championship playoffs, where they received a first-round bye before losing to New Hampshire in the second round.

2010 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team
The 2010 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team represented South Carolina State University in the 2010 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The team was led by Oliver Pough in his ninth year as head coach and played its home games at Oliver C. Dawson Stadium. It finished the regular season with a 9–2 record overall and a 7–1 record in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference, making them conference co-champions alongside Bethune–Cookman. The team qualified for the playoffs, in which it was eliminated in the first round by Georgia Southern.
Women's Premier League (rugby)
The  Women's Premier League (WPL) was the top annual American women's rugby union competition. It was player-run and operated in partnership with USA Rugby. The league was founded in 2009 and had its last season in 2024.

The League initially began from 8 different Division 1 Women's Sides coming together in 2009. In 2017, the League grew to 10 clubs. In 2023, the League reduced their club numbers to 7.

The 2020 Season was canceled on June 1, 2020 due to the worldwide coronavirus pandemic. The League started up again in 2022.

The League was superseded by the Women's Elite Rugby league, which began in 2025.

United States women's national rugby union team
The USA Women's national rugby union team, nicknamed the Women's Eagles, represents the United States in women's international rugby union. The team was officially formed in 1987 and is nicknamed the Eagles.

An international powerhouse during the 1990s— the Eagles won the inaugural 1991 Women's World Cup and finished second in the two following World Cups in 1994 and 1998. The team finished fourth at the 2017 Rugby World Cup in Ireland.

In May 2018, Rob Cain was appointed full-time Head Coach. Cain joined the Eagles after winning the inaugural Tyrell Premier 15s title in England with Saracens Women.
David L. Williams (politician)
David Lewis Williams (born May 28, 1953) is an American attorney, Republican politician, and a judge from the U.S. state of Kentucky. From the year 1987 to 2012, Williams represented Senate District 16, a position he secured upon the retirement of fellow Republican  Doug Moseley. When Republicans gained control of the state senate in 2000, Williams was chosen as President of the Senate, and held that post continuously until his resignation in November 2012. In 1992, he ran for the United States Senate and lost. In 2010, he announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for governor in the 2011 gubernatorial election. On May 17, 2011, Williams secured the Republican nomination over Tea Party movement-backed Phil Moffet. However, he lost the general election by twenty points to incumbent Democratic governor Steve Beshear. In November 2012, Williams resigned his Senate seat to accept a circuit court judgeship.

Gatewood Galbraith
Louis Gatewood Galbraith (January 23, 1947 – January 4, 2012) was an American author, attorney, and perennial candidate who ran unsuccessfully for numerous state and federal offices in Kentucky from 1983 to 2011.
Moving particle semi-implicit method
The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is a computational method for the simulation of incompressible free surface flows. It is a macroscopic, deterministic particle method (Lagrangian mesh-free method) developed by Koshizuka and Oka (1996).

Meshfree methods
In the field of numerical analysis, meshfree methods are those that do not require connection between nodes of the simulation domain, i.e. a mesh, but are rather based on interaction of each node with all its neighbors. As a consequence, original extensive properties such as mass or kinetic energy are no longer assigned to mesh elements but rather to the single nodes. Meshfree methods enable the simulation of some otherwise difficult types of problems, at the cost of extra computing time and programming effort. The absence of a mesh allows Lagrangian simulations, in which the nodes can move according to the velocity field.
Ghana (chocolate bar)
Ghana (Japanese: ガーナ; Korean: 가나) is a brand of chocolate manufactured by Lotte Wellfood (formerly Lotte Confectionery) in Japan since 1964 and in South Korea since 1975. It is a flagship product of the company. Its name is a homage to the nation of Ghana, one of the world's largest exporters of cocoa beans, from which chocolate is made.

Lotte Wellfood
Lotte Wellfood Co., Ltd. (Korean: 롯데웰푸드 주식회사), formerly Lotte Confectionery, is a South Korean international confectionery company headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The company was established in 1967. Currently, it is the third-largest chewing gum manufacturer in the world, and its plants are located in Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Belgium, India, Russia, Myanmar, and China. Lotte Confectionery was renamed Lotte Wellfood in 2023, after being merged with Lotte Foods in 2022.
Charles Seeger
Charles Louis Seeger Jr. (December 14, 1886 – February 7, 1979) was an American musicologist, composer, teacher, and folklorist. He was the husband of the composer Ruth Crawford Seeger, father of the American folk singers Pete Seeger, Peggy Seeger, and Mike Seeger; and brother of the World War I poet Alan Seeger and children's author and educator Elizabeth Seeger.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
St Mary's Church, Whitby
The Church of Saint Mary is an Anglican parish church serving the town of Whitby in North Yorkshire England. It was founded around 1110, although its interior dates chiefly from the late 18th century. The church was designated a Grade I listed building on 23 February 1954. It is situated on the town's east cliff, overlooking the mouth of the River Esk overlooking the town, close to the ruins of Whitby Abbey. Church Steps, a flight of 199 steps leads up the hill to the church from the streets below. The church graveyard is used as a setting in Bram Stoker's novel, Dracula.

Whitby 199 steps
The Whitby 199 steps (also known as The Church Stairs and Jacob's Ladder), is a grade I listed structure between the Old Town and St Mary's Church, in Whitby, North Yorkshire, England. The 199 steps have been recorded since at least 1370, and until the 1770s, were made of wood. The flight of steps was viewed as a measure of the Christian determination of pilgrims up to Whitby Abbey (and later, the church), and have also served as a tourist attraction being mentioned in the book Dracula, by Bram Stoker.
Tredrizzick
50°33′18″N 4°53′17″W﻿ / ﻿50.555°N 4.888°W﻿ / 50.555; -4.888

Tredrizzick (Cornish: Treredenek) is a small village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, at grid reference SW 955 769. It is on the road linking the villages of Rock and St Minver.

St Minver
St Minver (Cornish: Sen Menvra) is the name of an ecclesiastical parish, a civil parish and a village in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

The civil parish of St Minver is in Bodmin Registration District and is nominally divided into St Minver Highlands (to the north and east) and St Minver Lowlands (to the west).

The combined parish is bounded on the south and west by the estuary of the River Camel, on the north by the Atlantic coast, and on the east by the parishes of St Endellion and St Kew. The population of the parish in the 2001 census was 2,474 (St Minver Highlands 1025; St Minver Lowlands 1449) decreasing to 2,393 at the 2011 census.
Poteet, Texas
Poteet is a city in Atascosa County, Texas, United States. Its population was 2,795 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the San Antonio metropolitan statistical area. It was named for its first postmaster, Francis Marion Poteet. It is best known as the birthplace of country music legend George Strait.

Poteet is known for its Poteet Strawberry Festival. Poteet Canyon, Steve Canyon's ward in the long-running comic strip by Milton Caniff, is named after the town (and a mosaic of Poteet Canyon stands in front of the town's fire station).

Atascosa County, Texas
Atascosa County (/ˌætəsˈkoʊsə/ AT-əs-KOH-sə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in South Texas and its county seat is Jourdanton.

As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 48,981.  Atascosa County is part of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan statistical area.
Boffalora d'Adda
Boffalora d'Adda (Lodigiano: Bufalòra) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Milan and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) northwest of Lodi.

Boffalora d'Adda borders the following municipalities: Zelo Buon Persico, Spino d'Adda, Dovera, Galgagnano, Lodi, Montanaso Lombardo.

Galgagnano
Galgagnano (Lodigiano: Galgagnàn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest of Lodi.

Galgagnano borders the following municipalities: Zelo Buon Persico, Mulazzano, Cervignano d'Adda, Boffalora d'Adda, Montanaso Lombardo.