hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ter Sámi
Ter Sámi is the easternmost of the Sámi languages. It was traditionally spoken in the northeastern part of the Kola Peninsula, but now it is a moribund language; in 2004, only ten speakers were left. By 2011, the number of speakers had decreased to two. Other estimates counted about 30 Ter Sámi speakers in Murmansk Oblast, as well as in St. Petersburg, in 2007. The mean age of the youngest Ter Sámi speakers at that time was 50.

Sámi languages
The Sámi languages (US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee), also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are now often considered pejorative.
Homersfield
Homersfield, also known as St Mary, South Elmham, is a village and civil parish in the north of the English county of Suffolk. It is in the East Suffolk district, 4 miles (6.4 km) south-west of the market town of Bungay and 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east of Harleston. The official name of the civil parish is St Mary, South Elmham otherwise Homersfield. It is one of the parishes around Bungay known as The Saints.

The parish had a population of 158 at the 2011 United Kingdom census. The northern boundary of the parish is the River Waveney which marks the county border with Norfolk. It borders the Suffolk parishes of Flixton, St Cross South Elmham and Mendham and the Norfolk parishes of Denton, Alburgh and Wortwell.

Alburgh
Alburgh is a village and civil parish in the South Norfolk district of the English county of Norfolk. It is about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-east of Harleston and 16 miles (26 km) south of Norwich. The parish is on the border with Suffolk along the River Waveney.
Witold Baran
Witold Stanisław Baran (29 July 1939 – 22 June 2020) was a middle distance runner from Poland. He was born in Chmielów.  Set a European mile record of 3 minutes 56.04 sec finishing first at the White City, London on 3 August 1964. He finished sixth in the 1500 metres final at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

Bran finished second behind fellow Pole Lech Boguszewicz in the 3 miles event at the British 1964 AAA Championships.

Chmielów, Ostrowiec County
Chmielów [ˈxmjɛluf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bodzechów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and 51 km (32 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Polish Olympic athlete Witold Baran was born in Chmielów.
Cuminapanema River
The Cuminapanema River is a river of Pará state in north-central Brazil, a tributary of the Curuá River.

The river basin lies partly within the 4,245,819 hectares (10,491,650 acres) Grão-Pará Ecological Station, the largest fully protected tropical forest conservation unit on the planet.
It flows through the 3,172,978 hectares (7,840,600 acres) Trombetas State Forest from north to south.
Part of the river's basin is in the Maicuru Biological Reserve.
The river is also fed by streams in the 216,601 hectares (535,230 acres) Mulata National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit created in 2001.

Grão-Pará Ecological Station
The Grão-Pará Ecological Station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica Grão-Pará is a strictly protected ecological station in the state of Pará, Brazil. It is managed by the state of Pará. With 42,458 square kilometres (16,393 sq mi) of well-preserved Amazon rainforest, it is the largest fully protected tropical forest conservation unit in the world.
2003 Polish Air Force Mil Mi-8 crash
On 4 December 2003, a Polish Mi-8 helicopter operated by the 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying Poland's Prime Minister Leszek Miller crashed near Piaseczno, just outside Warsaw. The pilot performed an autorotation landing in a forest following the failure of both engines.  The helicopter suffered extensive damage and was written off as a total loss, but despite the severity of the crash there were no fatalities. Fourteen of the 15 people on board were injured, including Leszek Miller, who had two of his thoracic vertebrae broken.

Mil Mi-8
The Mil Mi-8 (Russian: Ми-8, NATO reporting name: Hip) is a family of medium twin-turbine helicopters, originally designed by the Soviet Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) in the 1960s and introduced into the Soviet Air Force in 1968. Russian production of the aircraft model still continues as of 2024. In addition to its most common role as a transport helicopter, the Mi-8 is also used as an airborne command post, armed gunship, and reconnaissance platform.

The Mi-8 is the world's most-produced helicopter, with over 17,000 units used by over 50 countries. As of 2015, when combined with the related Mil Mi-17, the two helicopters are the third most common operational military aircraft in the world.
Mount Ayles
Mount Ayles is a mountain located on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. It forms part of the border of the Quttinirpaaq National Park. Like the nearby Ayles Ice Shelf, the mountain was named by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1965 for Adam Ayles, a petty officer  on-board HMS Alert, who was serving in the British Arctic Expedition under George Nares.

British Arctic Expedition
The British Arctic Expedition of 1875–1876, led by Sir George Nares, was sent by the British Admiralty to attempt to reach the North Pole via Smith Sound on the west coast of Greenland.

Although the expedition failed to reach the North Pole, the coasts of Greenland and Ellesmere Island were extensively explored and large amounts of scientific data were collected.
Monkton railway station
Monkton railway station was a railway station on the Glasgow to Ayr main line serving the village of Monkton, Ayrshire, Scotland. It opened in 1839. Monkton did not develop and the station was closed in 1940. The location may be identified by the overbridge that leads to Monkton House.

The site of the former station is occupied by fuel sidings used by Prestwick Airport.

Monkton, South Ayrshire
Monkton is a small town in the parish of Monkton and Prestwick in South Ayrshire, Scotland. The town of Prestwick is around 1+1⁄2 miles (2.5 kilometres) south of the village, and it borders upon Glasgow Prestwick Airport.
Caron, Saskatchewan
Caron is a hamlet in Saskatchewan, Canada, located on the south side of the Trans-Canada Highway, 26 kilometres (16 mi) west of Moose Jaw along the course of Thunder Creek.

Caron was originally a Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) siding in 1882, named after Sir Adolphe Caron, then Canadian Minister for Militia and Defence.

Although associated with the BCATP, RCAF Station Caron was located 3 km (1.9 mi) north-east of Caron. The former station is now the community of Caronport (the name "Caronport" combines "Caron" and "airport"). There is no trace of the former runways or taxiways and the airfield is closed to all traffic. Some of the buildings are now the property of the Briercrest Family of Schools.

RCAF Station Caron
RCAF Station Caron was a Second World War British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP) station located near Caron, Saskatchewan, Canada. It was operated and administered by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF).
NBL Canada Newcomer of the Year Award
The National Basketball League of Canada's Newcomer of the Year Award is an annual National Basketball League of Canada (NBL) award given since the 2012–13 season. It is earned by the best player who completed his first season in the league. It was first awarded to the London Lightning's Marvin Phillips, who went on to be named Finals Most Valuable Player in 2013. The most recent recipient is Jarius "JR" Holder of the Sudbury Five.

National Basketball League of Canada
The National Basketball League of Canada (NBL Canada; French: Ligue nationale de basketball du Canada) was a Canadian professional men's minor league basketball organization. The NBL Canada was founded in 2011, when three existing Premier Basketball League teams joined with four new franchises for the league's inaugural season. The league  changed in size multiple times and had four active teams in its final season, all in Ontario, but historically the NBLC had several located in the Atlantic provinces. The league's season typically ran  from November to April of the following year. The final league champions were the London Lightning, who defeated the Windsor Express 3–2 in the 2023 NBL Finals.

Following the conclusion of the 2023 NBLC season the four remaining NBLC teams, the KW Titans, London Lightning, Sudbury Five and Windsor Express, broke away from the NBLC and helped found the Basketball Super League along with president of The Basketball League, David Magley.
Robert Harmon
Robert Harmon (born 1953) is an American film and television director.  He is best known for the 1986 horror film The Hitcher, starring Rutger Hauer, as well as for films like They and Nowhere to Run.

His television work is distinguished by the series of made-for-TV movies featuring fictional Paradise (Mass.) Police Chief Jesse Stone, which began in 2005 with Stone Cold, starring Tom Selleck, as well as the Emmy-nominated biopics Ike: Countdown to D-Day (also starring Selleck) and Gotti, starring Armand Assante.  He has directed a few episodes of the TV show Blue Bloods, which also stars Tom Selleck.

Jesse Stone (character)
Jesse Stone is the lead character in a series of detective novels written by Robert B. Parker. They were among his last works, and the first series in which the novelist used the third-person narrative. 
The series consists of nine books, starting with Night Passage (1997) and ending with Split Image (2010), which Parker completed before his death in January 2010 but did not live to see published. The series was initially continued by Michael Brandman. In April 2014, Reed Farrel Coleman assumed the writing of the series, which was subsequently continued by Mike Lupica.

The novels have been adapted into nine TV films. The first eight films were commissioned by CBS, and aired from 2005 to 2012. A ninth film was picked up by the Hallmark Channel, and aired on October 18, 2015. A tenth film was under consideration in 2017.

In an interview in October 2024, Tom Selleck hinted that he may be writing a script for a new Jesse Stone film.
Ordered dithering
Ordered dithering is any image dithering algorithm which uses a pre-set threshold map tiled across an image. It is commonly used to display a continuous image on a display of smaller color depth. For example, Microsoft Windows uses it in 16-color graphics modes. With the most common "Bayer" threshold map, the algorithm is characterized by noticeable crosshatch patterns in the result.

Dither
Dither or dithering is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images. Dither is routinely used in processing of both digital audio and video data, and is often one of the last stages of mastering audio to a CD.

A common use of dither is converting a grayscale image to black and white, so that the density of black dots in the new image approximates the average gray level in the original.
Cloncurry Solar Farm
A solar thermal power station was to be built in Cloncurry, in north-west Queensland. The solar thermal power station was planned to have a nameplate capacity of 10 MW and deliver about 30 gigawatt-hours of electricity a year, enough to power the whole town.

It was reported in November 2010 that the project was scrapped because of light pollution concerns.

However, as of 2 December 2011 Ingenero Pty Ltd have been named preferred developer to install a 2 MW photovoltaic power system, installation is expected to commence in July 2012.

On 24 May 2012 the recently elected Newman government announced the withdrawal of state funds for the project. In a statement, the Minister for Energy Mark McArdle described the reason for the scrapping as 'saving the taxpayer's money'.

Cloncurry, Queensland
Cloncurry is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Cloncurry, Queensland, Australia. known by locals as The Curry. Cloncurry is the administrative center of the Shire of Cloncurry.

Cloncurry is known as the Friendly Heart of the Great North West and celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2017. Cloncurry was recognised for its liveability, winning the Queensland's Friendliest Town award twice by environmental movement Keep Queensland Beautiful, first in 2013 and again in 2018.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Cloncurry had a population of 3,167 people.
Shíshálh Nation Government District
Shíshálh Nation Government District, formerly known as Sechelt Indian Government District, is a First Nations government district administered by the shíshálh Nation, and located in the Sunshine Coast region of southwest British Columbia, Canada. It was incorporated on March 17, 1988 and consists of 33 separate land parcels, of which 32 are located within the Sunshine Coast Regional District and one located within the qathet Regional District.

Shíshálh Nation
shíshálh Nation (also spelled Shishalh) is a First Nation located on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Their swiya (world, 'Territory’) comprises 515,000 hectares that stretches from xwesam (Roberts Creek) in the southeast, to x̱enichen (Jervis Inlet) in the north, to kwekwenis (Lang Bay) in the southwest.
Wills Creek (Ohio)
Wills Creek is a tributary of the Muskingum River, 92.2 mi (148.4 km) long, in eastern Ohio in the United States.  Via the Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.  It drains an area of 853 mi2 (2,209 km2).

The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Wills Creek" as the stream's name in 1963.  According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as "Cou-wach-en-ink" and as "Will's Creek."

Wills Creek is formed by a confluence of short forks near Pleasant City in southern Guernsey County, and initially flows northwardly through Byesville, Cambridge and Kimbolton.  Near Kimbolton it turns westwardly and flows through southeastern Coshocton and northeastern Muskingum Counties, past Plainfield, to its mouth at the Muskingum River, 8 mi (13 km) south of the city of Coshocton.

Near its mouth, a flood-control dam causes the creek to form Wills Creek Lake.

Cambridge, Ohio
Cambridge (/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij) is a city in Guernsey County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,089 at the 2020 census. It lies in the Appalachian Plateau of the Appalachian Mountains in southeastern Ohio. It is the principal city of the Cambridge micropolitan area and is located adjacent to the intersection of Interstates 70 and 77.

Cambridge is well known among glass collectors as being the location for the Cambridge Glass, Boyd Glass and Mosser Glass plants. The Cambridge area is also noted for its S-shaped bridges, dating back to the building of the National Road in 1828.
George Hahn (politician)
Frederick George Jacob Hahn (3 November 1911 – 5 February 1963) was a Social Credit party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Killaly, Saskatchewan and became a business executive, merchant, principal and teacher by career.

He was first elected at the New Westminster riding in the 1953 general election. He was re-elected there for a second and final term in the 1957 election. In 1958, Hahn was defeated by William McLennan of the Progressive Conservative party.

Hahn ran to succeed Solon Low at the 1961 Social Credit leadership convention but came in third. A few weeks prior to the convention, he unsuccessfully campaigned for another Parliament seat in a 29 May 1961 by-election at Esquimalt—Saanich. He placed fourth with 16% of the vote. He subsequently ran unsuccessfully in the 1962 election at Vancouver Centre.

Social Credit Party of Canada leadership elections
The Canadian social credit movement first contested the 1935 federal election in order to capitalize from the Alberta Social Credit League's surprise victory in Alberta's August 1935 provincial election. Social Credit supporters ran as the Western Social Credit League and  John Horne Blackmore was appointed the movement's parliamentary leader following the election although Alberta Premier William Aberhart was generally regarded as the unofficial national leader of the movement.

Aberhart and the Social Credit movement supported William Duncan Herridge as leader of the national New Democracy movement for the 1940 election – Herridge failed to win a seat in Parliament, however, and Blackmore remained leader of the group in parliament. In 1944, at its first national convention, the Social Credit Association of Canada was formed and elected its first official national leader.
Hayden Smelter
Hayden Smelter is a copper smelter at Hayden, Arizona, owned and operated by ASARCO. It has a 305 meters (1,001 feet) tall chimney, which is the tallest free-standing structure of Arizona. It processes copper from the Ray mine.

In 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency took action against the smelter for releasing "illegal amounts of lead, arsenic and eight other dangerous compounds."

In 2020, the smelter closed in a labor dispute. It was "mothballed" and remains closed in early 2025. Owner Grupo Mexico has applied for an extension of the smelter's air quality permit. Timing of the reopening, if it occurs, remains uncertain.

Ray mine
The Ray mine is a large copper mine in Pinal County, Arizona, near the town of Kearny, in the southwestern United States. ASARCO, a subsidiary of Grupo México, currently owns the mine, which it acquired from Kennecott Copper in 1986.

The Ray mine has one of the largest copper reserves in the United States, with proven and probable reserves of 835.7 million tonnes (822,500,000 long tons; 921,200,000 short tons) of ore grading 1.73% copper, as of December 31, 2018. Copper from the Ray mine goes to the Hayden Smelter.
Soft configuration model
In applied mathematics, the soft configuration model (SCM) is a random graph model subject to the principle of maximum entropy under constraints on the expectation of the degree sequence of sampled graphs. Whereas the configuration model (CM) uniformly samples random graphs of a specific degree sequence, the SCM only retains the specified degree sequence on average over all network realizations; in this sense the SCM has very relaxed constraints relative to those of the CM ("soft" rather than "sharp" constraints). The SCM for graphs of size  has a nonzero probability of sampling any graph of size , whereas the CM is restricted to only graphs having precisely the prescribed connectivity structure.

Configuration model
In network science, the Configuration Model is a family of random graph models designed to generate networks from a given degree sequence. Unlike simpler models such as the Erdős–Rényi model, Configuration Models preserve the degree of each vertex as a pre-defined property. This flexibility allows the modeler to construct networks with arbitrary degree distributions, making it widely used as a reference model for real-life networks, particularly in social, biological, and technological domains. The concept of "Configuration Model" was first introduced by Béla Bollobás, who laid the foundation for its application in graph theory and network science.
The Wagons Roll at Night
The Wagons Roll at Night is a 1941 American circus drama film directed by Ray Enright and starring Humphrey Bogart as traveling carnival owner Nick Coster, Sylvia Sidney as his girlfriend, and Eddie Albert as a newcomer who falls in love with Nick's sister, played by Joan Leslie. The screenplay is by Fred Niblo Jr. and Barry Trivers, and the film is based on the 1936 novel Kid Galahad by Francis Wallace, first published as a serial in The Saturday Evening Post.

This film marks the only instance to date when the story was presented using its original circus setting, as Wallace's novel was the basis for the earlier 1937 film Kid Galahad, directed by Michael Curtiz—also for Warner Bros. Pictures and featuring Bogart in a supporting role—but using the boxing world as a backdrop. In 1962, United Artists produced a musical remake of the "boxing" version of Wallace's story under the same title, directed by Phil Karlson and starring Elvis Presley as the boxer.

Francis Wallace (writer)
Francis Wallace (February 12, 1894 – August 19, 1977) was an American sportswriter, fiction writer, screenwriter, and commentator for both radio and television broadcasts. His papers are housed in the Francis Wallace Collection, University of Notre Dame Archives.
5 Squadron SAAF
5 Squadron SAAF was a South African Air Force Fighter / Fighter-Bomber squadron during World War II. It was disbanded at the end of the war and was re-commissioned in 1950. It remained active until 2 October 1992, when it was disbanded; its Atlas Cheetah E aircraft were also decommissioned.

South African Air Force
The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the air warfare branch of South African National Defence Force, with its headquarters in Pretoria. The South African Air Force was established on 1 February 1920. The Air Force saw service in World War II and the Korean War. From 1966, the SAAF was involved in providing infantry support in the low-intensity Border War in Angola, South-West Africa and Rhodesia. As the war progressed, the intensity of air operations increased, until in the late 1980s when the SAAF were compelled to fly fighter missions against Angolan aircraft in order to maintain tactical air superiority. On conclusion of the Border War in 1990, aircraft numbers were severely reduced due to economic pressures as well as the cessation of hostilities with neighbouring states.
Faster-than-light communication
Faster-than-light communication, also called superluminal communication, is a hypothetical process in which information is conveyed at faster-than-light speeds. The current scientific consensus is that faster-than-light communication is not possible, and to date it has not been achieved in any experiment.

Faster-than-light communication other than possibly through wormholes is likely impossible because, in a Lorentz-invariant theory, it could be used to transmit information into the past. This would complicate causality, but no theoretical arguments conclusively preclude this possibility.

A number of theories and phenomena related to faster-than-light communication have been proposed or studied, including tachyons, neutrinos, quantum nonlocality, wormholes, quantum entanglement and quantum tunneling.

James Blish
James Benjamin "Jimmy" Blish (May 23, 1921 – July 30, 1975) was an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He is best known for his Cities in Flight novels and his series of Star Trek novelizations written with his wife, J. A. Lawrence. His novel A Case of Conscience won the Hugo Award. He is credited with creating the term "gas giant" to refer to large planetary bodies.

His first published stories appeared in Super Science Stories and Amazing Stories.

Blish wrote literary criticism of science fiction using the pen name William Atheling Jr. His other pen names included Donald Laverty, John MacDougal, and Arthur Lloyd Merlyn.