hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Café Riche
Café Riche (Egyptian Arabic: قهوه ريش) which opened in 1908 at 17th of Talaat Harb Street, is one of the most renowned landmarks in downtown Cairo.  At various times a meeting place for intellectuals and revolutionaries, the café witnessed many historically significant events over the 20th century. It is said to be where King Farouk saw his second wife, Nariman Sadek; where the perpetrator of the 1919 failed assassination attempt on Egypt's last Coptic Prime Minister, Youssef Wahba Pacha lay in wait for his target;

It was also where several members of the resistance during the 1919 revolution met the basement to organize their activities and print their flyers. Patrons included the political novelist Naguib Mahfouz and the then-future president Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Downtown Cairo
Downtown Cairo (Egyptian Arabic: وسط البلد Wust al-Balad, "middle of town") is the colloquial name given to the 19th-century western expansion of Egypt's capital Cairo, between the historic medieval Cairo, and the Nile, which became the commercial center of the city during the 20th century. Given its rich architectural heritage from the era of Khedive Ismail, it has been officially named Khedival Cairo and declared by the government as a protected Area of Value, with many of its buildings also deemed protected.

Administratively Wust al-Balad covers areas of qism Qasr al-Nil, and the Abdeen and Azbakeya districts. The protected Khedival Cairo covers a larger area extending south to Sayeda Zeinab.
Apidae
Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups. Many are valuable pollinators in natural habitats and for agricultural crops.

Neolarrini
Neolarrini is a tribe of cuckoo bees in the family Apidae. There are 5 genera and about 40 described species in Neolarrini, which includes the genera and species formerly included in the deprecated tribes Biastini and Townsendiellini.
Qibao
Qibao (simplified Chinese: 七宝镇; traditional Chinese: 七寶鎮; pinyin: Qībǎo Zhèn; Shanghainese: Tshih4pau2) is a town in Minhang District, Shanghai. Its formation can be traced back to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, to the Northern Song Dynasty. The name comes from the local temple, "Qibao Temple". Today, Qibao is a tourist attraction, in the area known as Qibao Old Town by the Puhui River with traditional Chinese architecture and a number of attractions, including museums and street food.

The town was also once the residence of the noted painter Zhang Chongren, a friend of the Belgian cartoonist Hergé, on whom the character Chang Chong-Chen from "The Adventures of Tintin" was based.
Qibao is also known for crickets (with a "Cricket House") in the Qibao Old Town area.

Minhang, Shanghai
Minhang District is a suburban district of Shanghai with a land area of 371.57 km2 (143.46 sq mi) and population of 2,653,489 residents as of 2020. The original Minhang consist of present-day Jiangchuan Road Subdistrict (Former Minhang Town) and the eastern strip of Wujing along the Huangpu River in 1992, the surrounding Shanghai County merged with Minhang.

It is mostly a residential district, though it is also home to some of the many factories and production facilities in Shanghai. Residential housing development is the main source of local government revenue. Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena (旗忠森林体育城) is located in Ma Qiao Town (马桥镇). The Aerospace Museum is being constructed at Pujiang Town.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University and East China Normal University both have campuses in the southern part of Minhang District.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Portage County, Wisconsin
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Portage County, Wisconsin. It is intended to provide a comprehensive listing of entries in the National Register of Historic Places that are located in Portage County, Wisconsin.  The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below may be seen in a map.

There are 22 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Portage County, Wisconsin
Portage County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 70,377. Its county seat is Stevens Point.

Portage County comprises the Stevens Point, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau-Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Chapramari railway station
Chapramari Railway Station is a small railway station which serves the areas of Chapramari–Doars region in the Indian state of West Bengal. The station lies on New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line of Northeast Frontier Railway zone, Alipurduar railway division. Due to its location inside Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, no trains have stoppages here. The passengers of these areas have to go to nearby Chalsa and Nagrakata stations to board trains.

New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line
The New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line is a railway line that connects New Jalpaiguri- Siliguri Junction with Alipurduar and Samuktala Road in the Indian state of West Bengal. This railway line passes through the beautiful Doars region, which includes Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary, Dooars-Terai tea gardens, Sevoke Railway Bridge, River Teesta, River Jaldhaka, River Torsha, Gorumara National Park, Buxa Tiger Reserve, Jaldapara National Park, Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, Chilapata Forests,   Tunnels, Hills, Valleys etc.
MAP2K4
Dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K4 gene.

MAP2K4 encodes a dual-specificity kinase that belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP2K4 phosphorylates MAP kinases in response to various environmental stresses or mitogenic stimuli. MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2, and MAPK14/p38 are substrates for MAP2K4, but MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are not phosphorylated by MAP2K4. Structurally, MAP2K4 contains a kinase domain that is phosphorylated and activated by MAP3K1(aka MEKK1).  MAP2K4 contains multiple amino acid sites that are phosphorylated and ubiquitinated. Genetic studies using Map2k4 knockout mice revealed  embryonic lethality, impaired hepatogenesis and defective liver formation.  Analysis of chimeric mice identified a role for Map2k4 in T cell cytokine production and proliferation. Map2k4-deficient chimeric mice frequently develop lymphadenopathy.  MAP2K4 is altered in 1.97% of all human cancers.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of  serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines. They regulate cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis.

MAP kinases are found in eukaryotes only, but they are fairly diverse and encountered in all animals, fungi and plants, and even in an array of unicellular eukaryotes.

MAPKs belong to the CMGC (CDK/MAPK/GSK3/CLK) kinase group. The closest relatives of MAPKs are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
Al-Hamidiyah Souq
The Al-Hamidiyeh Souq (Arabic: سُوق ٱلْحَمِيدِيَّة, romanized: Sūq al-Ḥamīdiyyah) is the largest and the central souk in Syria, located inside the old walled city of Damascus next to the Citadel. The souq is about 600 metres (2,000 ft) long  and 15 metres (49 ft) wide, and is covered by a 10-metre (33 ft) tall metal arch. The souq starts at Al-Thawra street and ends at the Umayyad Mosque plaza, and the ancient Roman Temple of Jupiter stands 40 feet tall in its entrance.

Midhat Pasha Souq
Midhat Pasha Souq (Arabic: سُوق مِدْحَت بَاشَا, romanized: Sūq Midḥat Bāšā) also called Al-Taweel Souq (Arabic: سُوق الطَّوِيل, romanized: Sūq aṭ-Ṭawīl, english: Long Market) is a historically important souq which forms the western fraction of the Street Called Straight in Damascus, Syria.
Dağlı, Zaqatala
Dağlı (known as Ali Bayramli until 2015) is a village and municipality in the Zaqatala Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 2,770. The postal code is AZ 6220. The municipality consists of the villages of Ali Bayramli, Qalal, and Qarqay.

Qarqay
41°33′18″N 46°53′28″E﻿ / ﻿41.55500°N 46.89111°E﻿ / 41.55500; 46.89111

Qarqay (also, Karkay) is a village in the Zaqatala Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Əli Bayramlı. The population of the village is Tsakhurs. The postal code is AZ 6220.
Nokia E5-00
The Nokia E5-00 (also known as the Nokia E5) is a Symbian mobile phone.  Like all smartphones in the Nokia Eseries it is targeted at business-to-business and comes with business software applications, including QuickOffice (Office document editor). It was released in the third quarter of 2010. It comes in a candybar form factor with QWERTY keyboard. As a budget smartphone, it replaces the Nokia E63 and positioned between the Nokia X5 and the Nokia E6.

Nokia Eseries
The Nokia Eseries is a discontinued line of business-oriented smartphones running Symbian OS, produced by Nokia from 2005 to 2011. The Eseries brand became the partial replacement for the top-line products of the Nokia 6000 'Classic Business' range - the 6000 range itself would turn into a mid-range line with broad appeal beginning in 2007 mostly using the 'classic', 'slide' and 'fold' monikers.

The Nokia Eseries have emphasis on enhanced connectivity and support for corporate e-mail push services, as well as enterprise-styled products and many featuring QWERTY keyboards. All devices have advanced office features through its S60 platform. Phones equipped with Wireless LAN also provide a VoIP client (SIP Protocol). Throughout the series' lifetime, its main competitors include the BlackBerry, the Sony Ericsson P family, and various Windows Mobile/Pocket PC devices.
Central Plains Mennonite Conference
The Central Plains Mennonite Conference, based in Freeman, South Dakota, is a division of the Mennonite Church USA made up of 53 churches in Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

The Northern District Conference of the former General Conference Mennonite Church and Iowa-Nebraska Conference of the former Mennonite Church merged to form Central Plains Mennonite Conference in 2000. Five churches located in Iowa that were members of the Central District Conference voted to join Central Plains Mennonite Conference at the same time.

Among the symbols in the logo are a Native American peace pipe, representing unity among the different communities that make up the conference; a towel and basin, representing the Mennonite practice of service; and a pitcher representing believer's baptism and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit.

Mennonite Church USA
The Mennonite Church USA (MC USA) is an Anabaptist Christian denomination in the United States. Although the organization is a recent 2002 merger of the Mennonite Church and the General Conference Mennonite Church, the body has roots in the Radical Reformation of the 16th century.

Total membership in Mennonite Church USA denominations decreased from about 133,000, before the merger in 1998, to a total membership of 120,381 in the Mennonite Church USA in 2001 and 78,892 members in 2016. In May 2021 the main page of their website stated a membership of about 62,000.
Kiyohata Station
Kiyohata Station (清畠駅, Kiyohata-eki) is a railway station on the Hidaka Main Line in Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan, operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido).

Services on the 116 km section of the line between Mukawa and Samani have been suspended indefinitely since January 2015 due to storm damage.

Hidaka, Hokkaido
Hidaka (日高町, Hidaka-chō) is a town located in Hidaka Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan.  As of 31 December 2025, the town had an estimated population of 10,767  in 6224 households, and a population density of 11 people per km2. The total area of the town is 992.07 km2 (383.04 sq mi).
Goetz Collection
The Goetz Collection (Sammlung Goetz) is a private collection of contemporary art in Munich, Germany. It opened in 1992. The collection is owned and continually being enlarged by the former gallery dealer Ingvild Goetz, who presents the collection to the public in a series of themed exhibitions in a purpose built museum. Rather than taking an encyclopedic view, the collection focuses on developing particular artists.

Sammlung Goetz organizes exhibitions along with video and film programmes on the lower level of the building. The building was designed by the Swiss architectural firm Herzog & de Meuron.

Herzog & de Meuron
Herzog & de Meuron Basel Ltd. is an international architecture firm headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, with additional offices in Berlin, Hong Kong, London, Munich, New York City, Paris, and San Francisco. Founded in 1978 by Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron, the practice's portfolio includes more than 600 projects in 40 countries. The company is led by the founding partners along with senior partners Christine Binswanger, Ascan Mergenthaler, Stefan Marbach, Jason Frantzen, Andreas Fries, Wim Walschap, and the CEO, Adrian Keller, who collectively oversee the firm's direction and management. Its staff comprises over 500 employees representing more than 50 nationalities.
Ruxandra Lupu
Ruxandra Lupu (also Roksana, Rozanda, Roxanda) (1630–1686) was a Moldavian princess.

She was born to Lady Tudosca and Vasile Lupu, the voivode of Moldavia. In the midst of intense political - and military - manoeuvring, her father was forced to betrothe her to the son of the Cossack hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, after Bohdan had invaded Moldavia.  Vasile Lupu tried to prevent the marriage from taking place, as it would damage his Polish alliances. He was appointed a part of the Polish nobility, and in return swore to not allow the marriage to occur.

Even the Polish army became involved, however, after the army suffered defeat to the Cossacks, no intervention was possible. In 1652, Ruxandra married Bohdan Khmelnytsky's son Tymofiy Khmelnytsky.  The groom died a year later, from an infected battle-wound.

Ruxandra's eventual fate is unclear. Some tellings purport that, many years later, she was captured and beheaded by Polish forces.

Vasile Lupu
Lupu Coci, known as Vasile Lupu (Romanian pronunciation: [vaˈsile ˈlupu]; 1595 – 1661), was the voivode of Moldavia between 1634 and 1653. He was of Albanian and Greek origin. Lupu had secured the Moldavian throne in 1634 after a series of complicated intrigues and managed to hold it for twenty years. Vasile was a capable administrator and a brilliant financier and was soon almost the richest man in the Christian East. His gifts to Ottoman leaders kept him on good terms with the Ottoman authorities.
Brown's representability theorem
In mathematics, Brown's representability theorem in homotopy theory gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a contravariant functor F on the homotopy category Hotc of pointed connected CW complexes, to the category of sets Set, to be a representable functor.

More specifically, we are given

F: Hotcop → Set,

and there are certain obviously necessary conditions for F to be of type Hom(—, C), with C a pointed connected CW-complex that can be deduced from category theory alone.  The statement of the substantive part of the theorem is that these necessary conditions are then sufficient.  For technical reasons, the theorem is often stated for functors to the category of pointed sets; in other words the sets are also given a base point.

The theorem is due to Edgar H. Brown who published it in 1962.

Representable functor
In mathematics, particularly category theory, a representable functor is a certain functor from an arbitrary category into the category of sets. Such functors give representations of an abstract category in terms of known structures (i.e. sets and functions) allowing one to utilize, as much as possible, knowledge about the category of sets in other settings.

From another point of view, representable functors for a category C are the functors given with C. Their theory is a vast generalisation of upper sets in posets, and Yoneda's representability theorem generalizes Cayley's theorem in group theory.
Direct election
Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they want to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and plurality block voting and proportional representation for the election of a legislature or executive.

By contrast, in an indirect election, the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. In other settings, politicians and office holders are appointed.

In a double direct election, the elected representative serves on two councils, typically a lower-tier council of a municipality and an upper-tier council of a regional district or municipality.

Double direct election
A double direct election is an election in which an individual is elected to two political offices in one electoral event. The term originates in Canada, where in certain regional council elections, an elected individual serves on a regional council and a constituent municipal government within that region. It differs from holding two elections with a double simultaneous vote in that in a double direct election, an individual is automatically elected to two political positions, whereas in double simultaneous vote elections, the pools of candidates are separate for the two positions.
Manuel Rico Avello
Manuel Rico Avello y García de Lañón (20 December 1886 - 23 August 1936) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, and journalist who served as Minister of the Interior, Spanish High Commissioner in Morocco, and Minister of Finance during the Second Spanish Republic. Imprisoned by the Republican authorities at the start of the Spanish Civil War, he was later killed—along with a number of other political prisoners—by anarchist militiamen in the Cárcel Modelo massacre.

Cárcel Modelo massacre
The Cárcel Modelo massacre was the execution of roughly 30 politicians and soldiers by anarchist militiamen who occupied a Madrid prison on 22 August 1936, in the opening months of the Spanish Civil War.

After defeating the 1936 military coup attempt, the Spanish government imprisoned some of the uprising's suspected political and military supporters at the Cárcel Modelo Prison in Madrid. After rumors that the prisoners were escaping, an angry crowd formed outside the prison's gates demanding the execution of the "fascists". A group of anarchist militiamen took control of the prison and executed the prisoners later that night. The reigning Republican government saw its reputation falter from its inability to quell the crowd and protect the prisoners. The incident sparked protests from the diplomatic corps in Madrid.
Chinese South Africans
Chinese South Africans (traditional Chinese: 華裔南非人; simplified Chinese: 华裔南非人) are Overseas Chinese who reside in South Africa, including those whose ancestors came to South Africa in the early 20th century until Chinese immigration was banned under the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1904. Significant numbers of Taiwanese industrialists immigrated to South Africa between the 1970s and early 1990s, and post-apartheid immigrants to South Africa (predominantly from mainland China) now outnumber locally-born Chinese South Africans. South Africa has the largest population of ethnic Chinese people in Africa, and most of them live in Johannesburg, an economic hub in southern Africa.

Chinatowns in Africa
This article discusses Chinatowns in Africa. There are at least three major Chinatowns in Africa.

As former colonies of Europe, the coastal African nations of Madagascar, Mauritius, and South Africa were the main receiving points of Chinese immigrants from the 1890s to the early part of the 20th century. The early Chinese arrived to labour in the Transvaal gold mines of South Africa and on the Tananrive Tamatave railway of Madagascar. Many of these Chinese immigrants were exploited.

Today, South Africa remains the top African destination for first-generation Chinese-speaking immigrants.
Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo is a cultivated plant of the genus Cucurbita. It yields varieties of winter squash and pumpkin, but the most widespread varieties belong to the subspecies Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo, called summer squash.

It has been domesticated in the Americas for thousands of years, from where it was spread by early colonisers to Europe and later across the rest of the Old World in the context of the Columbian Exchange. Some authors maintain that C. pepo is derived from C. texana, while others suggest that C. texana is merely feral C. pepo. They have a wide variety of uses, especially as a food source. C. pepo seems more closely related to C. fraterna, though disagreements exist about the exact nature of that connection, too.

It is a host species for the melonworm moth, the squash vine borer, and the pickleworm. They are also the preferred pollen source for squash bees, which are the primary pollinators in the Americas.

Winter squash
Winter squash is an annual fruit representing several species of squash within the genus Cucurbita – odd-shaped, rough or warty, late-growing varieties, less symmetrical, small to medium in size, but with long-keeping qualities and hard rinds.  They differ from summer squash in that they are harvested and eaten in the mature stage when their seeds within have matured fully and their skin has hardened into a tough rind. At this stage, most varieties of this vegetable can be stored for use during the winter. Winter squash is generally cooked before being eaten, and the skin or rind is not usually eaten as it is with summer squash.
Marian High School (Indiana)
Marian High School (also known as Mishawaka Marian) is a Roman Catholic secondary school in Mishawaka, Indiana, in the United States, operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend. Marian was a top 50 school in 2005 noted on the Catholic High School Honor Roll. Marian High School holds a First Class commission from the Indiana State Department of Education and has been accredited by the North Central Association since early 1996. Marian received a letter grade of "A" for the 2013–2014 school year from the state. This is the third year that Marian has received this award.

Mishawaka, Indiana
Mishawaka (/ˌmɪʃəˈwɑːkə/) is a city on the St. Joseph River, in St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States. The population was 51,063 as of the 2020 census. Its nickname is "the Princess City". Mishawaka is a principal city of the South Bend-Mishawaka metropolitan area.