hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mary Tyler
Mary Elizabeth Tyler (née Sawyer; March 22, 1806 – December 11, 1889) was an American woman from Sterling, Massachusetts,  who is believed to have been the "Mary" on which the nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb" was based, a claim she stated at the age of 70. The authorship of the nursery rhyme itself is also in doubt.

Sawyer Homestead (Sterling, Massachusetts)
The Sawyer Homestead was a historic house at 108 Maple Street in Sterling, Massachusetts.  With an estimated construction date of 1756, the house was one of Sterling's oldest surviving structures, before it was destroyed by an arsonist in 2007.  It was also notable as the birthplace of Mary Sawyer, who alleged she was the subject of the American children's nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb".  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.  The Sawyer family, whose descendants still own the property, have had a reproduction of the house built on its site.
Cuvette Department
Cuvette is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the central part of the country. It borders the departments of Cuvette-Ouest, Likouala, Plateaux, and Sangha, and internationally, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital is Owando.  Cities and towns include Boundji, Makoua and Okoyo.

Plateaux Department (Republic of the Congo)
Plateaux is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the central part of the country. It borders the departments of Cuvette, Cuvette Ouest, Lékoumou and Pool, and internationally, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the east and Gabon on the west. The regional capital is Djambala. Principal cities and towns include Gamboma and Lekana.
Carquinez Strait
The Carquinez Strait (/kɑːrˈkiːnəs/; Spanish: Estrecho de Carquinez) is a narrow tidal strait located in the Bay Area of Northern California, United States. It is part of the tidal estuary of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin rivers as they drain into the San Francisco Bay. The strait is eight miles (13 km) long and connects Suisun Bay, which receives the waters of the combined rivers, with San Pablo Bay, a northern extension of the San Francisco Bay.

The strait formed in prehistoric times, near the close of one of the past ice ages, when the Central Valley was a vast inland lake. Melting ice from the Sierra Nevada raised the water level while seismic activity created a new outlet to the Pacific Ocean, draining the lake into the ocean and exposing the valley floors.

Crockett, California
Crockett (formerly Crockettville) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Contra Costa County, in the East Bay sub-region of the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The population was 3,242 at the 2020 census. It is located 28 miles (45 km) northeast of San Francisco. Other nearby communities include Port Costa, Martinez, Vallejo, Benicia, Rodeo, Hercules, Pinole and Richmond.
John E. Baldwin
John Evan Baldwin FRS (6 December 1931 – 7 December 2010) was a British astronomer who worked at the Cavendish Astrophysics Group (formerly Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory) from 1954. He played a role in the development of interferometry in Radio Astronomy, and later astronomical optical interferometry and lucky imaging. He made the first maps of the radio emission from the Andromeda Galaxy and the Perseus Cluster, and measured the properties of many active galaxies. In 1985 he performed the first Aperture Masking Interferometry observations, and then led the construction and operation of the Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope, and helped develop the lucky imaging method. In 2001 he was awarded the Jackson-Gwilt Medal for his technical contributions to the fields of interferometry and aperture synthesis.

He matriculated as a member of Queens' College, Cambridge in 1949 and was a Life Fellow of the College from 1999 to his death in 2010.

Lucky imaging
Lucky imaging (also called lucky exposures) is one form of speckle imaging used for astrophotography. Speckle imaging techniques use a high-speed camera with exposure times short enough (100 ms or less) so that the changes in the Earth's atmosphere during the exposure are minimal.

With lucky imaging, those optimum exposures least affected by the atmosphere (typically around 10%) are chosen and combined into a single image by shifting and adding the short exposures, yielding much higher angular resolution than would be possible with a single, longer exposure, which includes all the frames.
Workington Comets
The Workington Comets are a British motorcycle speedway club, based in Workington, Cumbria based at the Northside Speedway track (known as the GT Tyres Arena for sponsorship purposes). The team previously operated from 1970 to 2018 and were based at Derwent Park Stadium. They re-opened in 2022, competing during the 2023 National Development League speedway season.

Derwent Park
Derwent Park  is a Rugby League Stadium and former motorcycle speedway in Workington, England situated beside the Cumbrian River Derwent. It is used mostly for rugby league matches and is the home stadium of Workington Town who play in League 1 the 3rd tier of the British rugby league system. Derwent Park has a capacity of 12,000 people with 1,200 seats and the pitch is surrounded by a 398 yards (364 metres) motorcycle speedway track.
P-15 Termit
The P-15 Termit (Russian: П-15 "Термит"; English: termite) is an anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union's Raduga design bureau in the 1950s. Its GRAU designation was 4K40, its NATO reporting name was Styx or SS-N-2.  China acquired the design in 1958 and created at least four versions: the CSS-N-1 Scrubbrush and CSS-N-2 versions were developed for ship-launched operation, while the CSS-C-2 Silkworm and CSS-C-3 Seersucker were used for coastal defence. Other names for this basic type of missile include: HY-1, SY-1, and FL-1 Flying Dragon (Chinese designations typically differ for export and domestic use, even for otherwise identical equipment), North Korean local produced KN-1 or KN-01, derived from both Silkworm variants and Russian & USSR P-15, Rubezh, P-20 P-22 .

Despite its large size, thousands of P-15s were built and installed on many classes of ships from missile boats/fast attack craft to destroyers, coastal batteries, and bomber aircraft (Chinese versions).

Komar-class missile boat
The Soviet Project 183R class, more commonly known as the Komar class, its NATO reporting name, meaning "mosquito", is a class of missile boats, the first of its kind, built in the 1950s and 1960s. Notably, they were the first to sink another ship with anti-ship missiles in 1967.
Supersonic and Demonic Relics
Supersonic and Demonic Relics is the fourth compilation album by Mötley Crüe. It was released in 1999 on Mötley Records. The album is a collection of unreleased tracks as well as rare material, including songs from the limited edition "Quaternary" EP, the greatest hits compilation Decade of Decadence, as well as demos and live versions.

Decade of Decadence 81–91
Decade of Decadence 81–91 is the first compilation album by the American heavy metal band Mötley Crüe, released in September 1991. It peaked at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 chart. It was the band's sixth album overall and the first of several greatest hits compilations.
North Hwanghae Province
North Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaebuk-to; Korean pronunciation: [ɸwa̠ŋ.ɦɛ.buk̚.t͈o̞], lit. "north Yellow Sea province") is a province of North Korea.  The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae.  The provincial capital is Sariwon.  The province is bordered by Pyongyang and South Pyongan to the north, Kangwon to the east, Kaesong Industrial Region and South Korea's Gyeonggi Province to the south, and South Hwanghae southwest.  In 2003, Kaesong Directly Governed City (Kaesong Chikhalsi) became part of North Hwanghae as Kaepung County. Later on in 2019, it was promoted as Special City (Kaesong T'ŭkpyŏlsi). Thus, it was separated from North Hwanghae.

South Pyongan Province
South Pyongan Province (Korean: 평안남도; MR: Phyŏngannamdo; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanːamdo]) is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Pyongan Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Pyongsong.
Border languages (New Guinea)
The Border or Upper Tami languages are an independent family of Papuan languages in Malcolm Ross's version of the Trans–New Guinea proposal.

Unlike the neighboring Sepik languages and many other Papuan language families of northern New Guinea, Border languages do not have grammatical gender or number (dual and plural forms).

Trans–New Guinea languages
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands, a region corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia.

Trans–New Guinea is perhaps the third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is considered to be established, but its boundaries and overall membership are uncertain. The languages are spoken by around 3 million people. There have been several main proposals as to its internal classification.
20th Kushok Bakula Rinpoche
20th Kushok Bakula Rinpoche, Thubstan Nawang or Stanzin Nawang Jigmed Wangchuk, (born 23 January 2005) was born to Yab Dorjey Tsering and Yum Sonam Dolkar in Kyagar village in Nubra valley in Ladakh and has been introduced to the monastic life in Samstanling Gonpa before enthroned on 12 August 2010 in Pethup Gonpa in Spituk. He is believed to be the 20th incarnation of Kushok Bakula Rinpoche.

Kushok Bakula Rinpoche
Kushok Bakula Rinpoche (Tibetan: སྐུ་ཤོག་བ་ཀུ་ལ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།) is nowadays the head of Pethup Gompa Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Spituk, Ladakh, India. According to his followers he is an emanation of the Buddha Amitabha and was one of the 16 disciples of Buddha (Naytan Chudrug, or the Sixteen Arhats). They also claim that his first 19 incarnations have been documented in the Tibetan text Naytan Chagchot (Wylie: gNas hrtan phyag mchod).
John Paul Lederach
John Paul Lederach (born 1955) is an American Professor of International Peacebuilding at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, and concurrently Distinguished Scholar at Eastern Mennonite University. He has written widely on conflict resolution and mediation. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Colorado Boulder. In 1994 he became the founding director for the Center for Justice and Peacebuilding at Eastern Mennonite University where he was a professor. He currently works for the foundation Humanity United.

Center for Justice and Peacebuilding
Center for Justice and Peacebuilding (CJP) is an accredited graduate-level program founded in 1994. It also offers non-credit training.  The program specializes in conflict transformation, restorative justice, trauma healing, equitable development, and addressing organizational conflict. CJP is housed at Eastern Mennonite University (EMU) in Harrisonburg, Virginia, which describes itself as "a leader among faith-based universities" in emphasizing "peacebuilding, creation care, experiential learning, and cross-cultural engagement." One of the three 2011 Nobel Peace Laureates, Leymah Gbowee of Liberia, earned a master's degree in conflict transformation from CJP in 2007.
Pedestrian (company)
Pedestrian, formerly PEDESTRIAN.TV, is a youth digital news and entertainment website based in Sydney, Australia, founded in 2005. It is a subsidiary of Nine Entertainment

As of March 2022 Pedestrian Group owns Pedestrian (the website) as well the Australian brands Pedestrian JOBS and Openair Cinemas.

Refinery29
Refinery29 (R29) is an American multinational digital media and entertainment website focused on young women. It is owned by Sundial Media Group. It has online editions running in the United States, Germany and France.
Columbia Wetlands
The Columbia Wetlands is a 15,070 hectare wetland in the Columbia Valley region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. It was designated a wetland of international importance on World Environment Day, June 5, 2005, and is the thirty-seventh such site in Canada. The wetland satisfies all the inclusion criteria of the Ramsar Convention. It is maintained by the Columbia Wetlands Wildlife Management Area (CWWMA, designated in 1996) and administered by the Canadian Wildlife Service. It is also part of the Living Lakes Network.

It is "one of the longest intact wetlands in North America", is the headwaters for the Columbia River system, and "comprises a regionally unparalleled diversity".

Part of the wetlands is protected by the Columbia Lake Ecological Reserve at the southeast end of the lake.  Columbia Lake Provincial Park is on the northeast end of the lake.

Columbia Lake Ecological Reserve
Columbia Lake Ecological Reserve is a nature reserve on Columbia Lake in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada, located on the east side of Columbia Lake just north of the village of Canal Flats.

The reserve was created in 1971, comprising approximately 60 acres.  Its boundary was extended, increasing its approximate area to 80 acres, in 1972.  In 2004, its area was reduced to approximately 21 hectares.

The reserve is in the Interior Douglas-fir zone and protects some of the Columbia Wetlands.
SM UB-54
SM UB-54 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the Flanders Flotilla of the German Imperial Navy on 12 June 1917 as SM UB-54.

The submarine conducted 6 patrols and sank 14 ships during the war for a total loss of 7,200 gross register tons (GRT).

She operated as part of the Flanders Flotilla based in Zeebrugge. UB-54 was apparently sunk on 11 March 1918 at 53°15′N 0°45′E﻿ / ﻿53.250°N 0.750°E﻿ / 53.250; 0.750 by British destroyers HMS Sturgeon, Thruster, and Retriever using depth charges, all hands were lost.

HMS Sturgeon (1917)
HMS Sturgeon was an R-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. Sturgeon was built by Alexander Stephen and Sons in Glasgow, Scotland, and was launched on 11 January 1917 and completed in February that year. The ship took its name after Sturgeon, a freshwater fish.

Sturgeon served in the North Sea as part of the Harwich Force during the remainder of the First World War. After the end of the war, the destroyer was used as a tender to the Britannia Royal Naval College at Dartmouth, Devon. Sturgeon was sold for scrap on 16 December 1926.
Ocean Network Express
Ocean Network Express Holdings, Ltd., branded as ONE, is a Japanese container transportation and shipping company jointly owned by the Japanese shipping Lines Nippon Yusen Kaisha, Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, and K Line. Launched in 2017 as a joint venture, ONE inherited the container shipping operations of its parent companies, corresponding to a combined fleet capacity of about 1.4 million TEU.

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Pia Klemp
Pia Klemp (born 10 October 1983) is a German biologist and human rights activist, who, between 2011 and 2017, worked for the Sea Shepherd organization to participate in many international operations to protect sea animals.

Between 2016 and 2018 she commanded two rescue ships in the Mediterranean Sea for the German non-government organizations (NGOs) Jugend Rettet and Sea-Watch during the ongoing European migrant crisis. Her ships rescued about 14,000 migrants from drowning. Klemp was responsible for the rescue of more than a thousand migrants. One of her ships, Iuventa, was seized by Italian authorities in 2017, who accused her of cooperating with human traffickers, and claimed many of those saved were at no imminent risk of death. If convicted, she will face 20 years in prison. Her newer ship, Sea-Watch 3 was prevented from departing its dock by Maltese authorities for several months in 2018.

Sea-Watch 3
Sea-Watch 3 is a ship of the Sea-Watch organization based in Berlin. The ship is around 50 m long, and is registered as a Cargo Ship in Germany. Sea-Watch 3 is used for sea rescue in the Mediterranean.
Lennox (federal electoral district)
Lennox was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867.

The County of Lennox consisted of the Townships of Richmond, Adolphustown, North Fredericksburg, South Fredericksburg, Ernest Town, and Amherst Island, and the Village of Napanee.

The electoral district was abolished in 1903 when it was merged into Lennox and Addington.

Lennox and Addington
Lennox and Addington was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1925. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was first created in 1903 from Addington and Lennox ridings. It consisted of the county of Lennox and Addington.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed between Frontenac—Addington and Prince Edward—Lennox ridings.
2024 Tipperary county hurling team season
The 2024 season was Liam Cahill's second year as manager of the Tipperary senior hurling team.

The team was sponsored for the third year by financial services technology solutions company Fiserv.
The team wore a new home O'Neills jersey with a yellow ribbed neck design and a tribute watermark image of Michael Hogan displayed on the right sleeve.

On 30 January Ronan Maher was named as captain for 2024, with Jake Morris named as vice-captain. Maher had previously been the captain in 2022.

It is the first season since 2008 without Séamus Callanan who announced his retirement from inter-county hurling in September 2023.

Ronan Maher (hurler)
Ronan Maher (born 9 October 1995)  is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Thurles Sarsfields and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a centre-back.
Buffy studies
Buffy studies, also called Buffyology, is the study of Joss Whedon's popular television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and, to a lesser extent, its spin-off program Angel. It explores issues related to gender, family, ethics and other philosophical issues as expressed through the content of these shows in the fictional Buffyverse.

Neda Ulaby of NPR describes Buffy as having a "special following among academics, some of whom have staked a claim in what they call 'Buffy Studies'". Though not widely recognized as a distinct discipline, the term "Buffy studies" is commonly used amongst the academic Buffy-related writings.

Buffyverse
The Buffyverse or Slayerverse is a media franchise centered on the supernatural drama television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel, created by Joss Whedon. The term also refers to the shared fictional universe in which the TV series are set. Originally coined by fans of the series, it has since been used in the titles of published works, and adopted by Whedon.

The Buffyverse is a setting in which supernatural phenomena exist, and supernatural evil can be challenged by people willing to fight against such forces. The franchise includes novels, comics, video games, and other media. Much of the licensed Buffyverse merchandise and media, while released officially, is not considered to be canon within the universe.
Al Sabaah
Al-Sabaah (in Arabic الصباح meaning The Morning), an official Iraqi daily newspaper published by the Iraqi Media Network, covers political, economic and artistic news through its pages. As well as through a set of weekly supplements. Its headquarters is located in Baghdad. The first issue was published in May 2003 after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime and it is currently edited by Ahmed Abdel Hussein. It is available digitally on the newspaper's website and in print, and the price of the printed issue is 500 Iraqi dinars.

Al Iraqiya
Al Iraqiya (Arabic: العراقيّة, romanized: Al-ʻIrāqīyah) is an Iraqi satellite and terrestrial public broadcaster and television network. The channel is part of the larger Iraqi Media Network, and was set up after the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the ousting of Saddam Hussein. It is primarily an Arabic language network that serves upwards of 85% of Iraq's population, and is viewed by a significant percentage (about 40%). The channel currently broadcasts in the Arabic, Kurdish, Turkmen, and Neo-Aramaic languages and dialects.
Mystics of the God
Mystics of the God is the debut studio album by American rapper King Just. It was released in 1995 via Blackfist/Select Records. Recording sessions took place at Chung King Studios, Unique Recording Studios and Battery Studios in New York, Yo Mama's House in Los Angeles and Skanless Studios in Alhambra, California. Production was handled by Marcus Peake, E-Swift, RNS, Easy Mo Bee, MZA and Victor Flowers. It features guest appearances from the Shaolin Soldiers and Mega Don.

The album debuted at number 33 on the Top R&B Albums and number 27 on the Heatseekers Albums charts in the United States. It was supported with two singles, "Warrior's Drum" and "No Flow on the Rodeo". Its lead single, "Warrior's Drum", made it to number 96 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 85 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts in the US.

Select Records
Select Records was an American record label. Among its most popular acts were the Real Roxanne, Chubb Rock, AMG, The Jerky Boys, Kid 'n Play, UTFO, Whistle, and Gary Private. From 1990 to 1995, it had a distribution deal with Elektra Records and is still distributed by the Warner Music Group's Alternative Distribution Alliance. It also had a dance-music sub-label called Active Records.
George Rex Flag
The George Rex Flag was a protest flag used in the Province of New York at the start of the American Revolutionary War. The flag was adopted following the passage of the Quebec Act in 1774 whereby French Canadian Roman Catholics were granted emancipation and Roman Catholicism was adopted as the state church of the Province of Quebec. Though it is not known exactly what the design of the flag was, the commonly accepted version consisted of either an altered Red Ensign or Blue Ensign with the words "George III Rex (Latin: King) and the Liberties of America. No Popery".

Red Ensign
The Red Ensign or Red Duster is the civil ensign of the United Kingdom. It is one of the British ensigns, and it is used either plain or defaced with either a badge or a charge, mostly in the right half.

It is the flag flown by British merchant or passenger ships since 1707. Prior to 1707, an English red ensign and a Scottish red ensign were flown by the English Royal Navy and the Royal Scots Navy, respectively. The precise date of the first appearance of these earlier red ensigns is not known, but surviving payment receipts indicate that the English navy was paying to have such flags sewn in the 1620s.