hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 1964
The Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 1964 (c. 55) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In English land law it reformed the rule against perpetuities. Sections 13 and 14 dealt with the periods for which accumulations of income under a settlement or other arrangement are permitted, amending section 164 of the Law of Property Act 1925.

Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 2009
The Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 2009 (c. 18) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reforms the rule against perpetuities and the law relating to accumulations of income in trusts.

The Act resulted from a Law Commission report published in 1998. It abolishes the rule against perpetuities in most non-trust contexts, such as easements. In relation to wills, however, the Act only applies to wills drawn up after 6 April 2010. A will drawn up before 6 April but executed later (upon the death of the testator) will continue to be bound by prior rules.
Galbiate
Galbiate (Brianzöö: Galbiàa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Milan and about 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Lecco.

Galbiate borders the following municipalities: Annone di Brianza, Civate, Colle Brianza, Ello, Garlate, Lecco, Malgrate, Oggiono, Olginate, Pescate, Valgreghentino, Valmadrera.

Garlate
Garlate (Brianzöö: Garlàa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Milan and about 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Lecco. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,630 and an area of 2.1 square kilometres (0.81 sq mi).

Garlate borders the municipalities of Galbiate, Lecco, Olginate, Pescate, and Vercurago.
The Park Estate
The Park Estate is a private residential housing estate to the west of Nottingham city centre, England. It is noted for its Victorian architecture, although many of the houses have been altered, extended or converted into flats. The estate uses gas street lighting, which is believed to be one of the largest networks in Europe.

Park Tunnel, Nottingham
The Park Tunnel was built in 1855 to allow access between The Park Estate and Derby Road in the English city of Nottingham.

The tunnel is listed as a Grade II listed building with a list entry number of 1059025.
Montecarotto
Montecarotto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Ancona, mostly known internationally for the annual Blackmoon festival, a renowned goa and psytrance happening. As of 30 April 2025, it had a population of 1,855 and an area of 24.1 square kilometres (9.3 sq mi).

Montecarotto borders the following municipalities: Arcevia, Belvedere Ostrense, Ostra, Ostra Vetere, Poggio San Marcello, Rosora, Serra de' Conti.

Serra de' Conti
Serra de' Conti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Ancona.

Serra de' Conti borders the following municipalities: Arcevia, Barbara, Montecarotto, Ostra Vetere.
Takarazuka Kofun (Mie)
The Takarazuka Kofun (宝塚古墳) is a group of Kofun period burial mounds located in the Takarazuka neighborhood of the city of Matsusaka,  Mie Prefecture  in the Kansai region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1932.

Matsusaka
Matsusaka (松阪市, Matsusaka-shi; Local dialect: Mattsaka or Massaka) is a city located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2021, the city had an estimated population of 157,235 in 66,018 households and a population density of 250 people per km2. The total area of the city is 623.64 square kilometres (240.79 sq mi). The city is famous for Matsusaka beef.
Big Sandy Heritage Center
The Big Sandy Heritage Center Museum is located in Pikeville, Kentucky. Established in 2003 in the old Chesapeake and Ohio Depot, it has been located on the 4th floor of the old Judicial Annex in downtown Pikeville since 2015.

Exhibits include the American Civil War, Hatfield-McCoy feud, Eastern Kentucky railways, the precolonial era, Pikeville Cut Through, domestic life, the Heritage Room, medicine, war, politics and coal mining. In 2015, the museum hosted the traveling exhibit, The Hatfields & McCoys: American Blood Feud, which was on loan from the West Virginia Humanities Council.

Pikeville, Kentucky
Pikeville (/ˈpaɪkvəl/) is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Pike County, Kentucky, United States. Its population was 7,754 as of the 2020 census. Pikeville serves as a regional economic, educational, and entertainment hub for the surrounding areas of eastern Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. It is home to the University of Pikeville and the Pikeville Cut-Through, the second-largest earthmoving project in the Western Hemisphere.
Oakland City station
Oakland City is a subway station in Atlanta, Georgia, serving the Red and Gold lines of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) rail system. Opened on December 15, 1984, it has one island platform between two tracks. Both sides of the station are accessed via a pedestrian underpass beneath adjacent roadways and, in the case of the east underpass, a freight railway. Though at-grade, the steep embankment on which this station is situated gives it the appearance of an elevated station. This station mainly serves the Oakland City, Sylvan Hills and Capitol View neighborhoods of Atlanta.

Bus service is provided at this station to Barge Road Park & Ride, South Fulton Medical Center, Sylvan Hills, and Greenbriar Mall.

Gold Line (MARTA)
The Gold Line is a rapid transit line in the MARTA rail system. It operates between Doraville and Airport stations, running through Doraville, Chamblee, Brookhaven, Atlanta, East Point and College Park.
David Chalmers
David John Chalmers (/ˈtʃɑːmərz/; born 20 April 1966) is an Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist, specializing in philosophy of mind and philosophy of language. He is a professor of philosophy and neural science at New York University (NYU), as well as co-director of NYU's Center for Mind, Brain and Consciousness (along with Ned Block). In 2006, he was elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. In 2013, he was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Chalmers is best known for formulating the hard problem of consciousness, and for popularizing the philosophical zombie thought experiment.

Chalmers and David Bourget co-founded PhilPapers; a database of journal articles for philosophers.

Descriptivist theory of names
In the philosophy of language, the descriptivist theory of proper names (also descriptivist theory of reference) is the view that the meaning or semantic content of a proper name is identical to the descriptions associated with it by speakers, while their referents are determined to be the objects that satisfy these descriptions. Bertrand Russell and Gottlob Frege have both been associated with the descriptivist theory, which has been called the mediated reference theory or Frege–Russell view.

In the 1970s, this theory came under attack from causal theorists such as Saul Kripke, Hilary Putnam and others. However, it has seen something of a revival in recent years, especially under the form of what are called two-dimensional semantic theories. This latter trend is exemplified by the theories of David Chalmers, among others.
Walkden
Walkden is a town in the City of Salford in Greater Manchester, England, six miles (ten kilometres) northwest of central Salford, and seven miles (eleven kilometres) of Manchester.

Walkden has been designated as one of seven main town centres in the City of Salford, and now largely functions as a retail centre and commuter suburb of Greater Manchester.

Historically in the township of Worsley in Lancashire, Walkden was a centre for coal mining and textile manufacture.

In 2021, the electoral wards of Walkden North, Walkden South and Little Hulton had a combined population of 39,761.

Bridgewater Collieries
Bridgewater Collieries originated from the coal mines on the Manchester Coalfield in Worsley in the historic county of Lancashire owned by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater in the second half of the 18th century. After the Duke's death in 1803 his estate was managed by the Bridgewater Trustees until the 3rd Earl of Ellesmere inherited the estates in 1903. Bridgewater Collieries was formed in 1921 by the 4th Earl. The company merged with other prominent mining companies to form Manchester Collieries in 1929.
Ei Thinzar Maung
Ei Thinzar Maung (Burmese: အိသဉ္ဇာမောင်, born 11 September 1994) is a Burmese activist and politician. She is the incumbent Deputy Minister of Women, Youths and Children Affairs of the National Unity Government.

She has appeared on the Time 100  for 2021, along with Esther Ze Naw.

Esther Ze Naw
Esther Ze Naw (Burmese: အက်စတာဇေနော; born 15 February 1994) is a Kachin, humanitarian, democracy and ethnic minority rights activist. She appeared on the Time 100  for 2021, along with Ei Thinzar Maung.
2017 PEI Tankard
The 2017 PEI Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship of Prince Edward Island, was held from January 18 to 22 at the Silver Fox Curling and Yacht Community Complex in Summerside, Prince Edward Island. The winning Eddie MacKenzie team represented Prince Edward Island at the 2017 Tim Hortons Brier in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.

2017 Tim Hortons Brier
The 2017 Tim Hortons Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship, was held from March 4–12, 2017 at the Mile One Centre in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.

This marked the second time the Brier was hosted by St. John's, the first being the 1972 Macdonald Brier.

Newfoundland and Labrador won the Brier 7–6 in the final against Team Canada, giving skip Brad Gushue his first Brier title. With the win, the Gushue rink earned the right to represent Canada at the 2017 Ford World Men's Curling Championship held from April 1–9, 2017 at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton, Alberta. They also represented Team Canada at the 2018 Tim Hortons Brier in Regina, Saskatchewan and earned $225,000 for the victory. The bronze medal was won by Manitoba.

The total attendance for the event was 122,592, up from the 115,047 that attended the previous year's Brier held in Ottawa, Ontario. The attendance for the final was 6,471.
Alan Sharp
Alan Sharp (12 January 1934 – 8 February 2013) was a Scottish novelist and screenwriter. He published two novels in the 1960s, and subsequently wrote the screenplays for about twenty films, mostly produced in the United States.

According to one obituary, "his best-known narratives created and then disassembled audience expectations about all the usual Hollywood verities, especially the triumph of justice, love and friendship."

Dean Spanley
Dean Spanley is a 2008 New Zealand/British comedy drama film, with fantastic elements, directed by Fijian New Zealander Toa Fraser. Set in Edwardian England, the film is based on an Alan Sharp adaptation of Irish author Lord Dunsany's 1936 novella My Talks with Dean Spanley. It stars Sam Neill as the Dean, Jeremy Northam and Peter O'Toole as Fisk Junior and Fisk Senior respectively and Bryan Brown as Wrather.
Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park
Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park is a state park of California in the United States. It is located in remote northeastern Shasta County and is only accessible to the public by boat.

The park is 4 miles (6.4 km) in length and no more than 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, and has over 13 miles (21 km) of shoreline. It preserves a wilderness of freshwater springs and geologically recent lava flows. Waterways include the Fall River and associated creeks and lakes. The shoreline has blue bays and tree-studded islets along its length. Near the springs are the remains of fish traps built by Native Californian tribes such as the Achomawi, for whom the park is named. Low rock walls enclose shallow pools where they captured sucker and trout. About two thirds of the park's 5,930 acres (2,400 ha) is covered by jagged black basalt deposited in lava flows within the last two to five thousand years.

The state of California acquired the land from private owners in 1975.

Achomawi
Achomawi (also Achumawi, Ajumawi and Ahjumawi) are the northerly nine (out of eleven) bands of the Pit River tribe of Palaihnihan Native Americans who live in what is now northeastern California in the United States. These 5 autonomous bands (also called "tribelets") of the Pit River Indians historically spoke slightly different dialects of one common language, and the other two bands spoke dialects of a related language, called Atsugewi. The name "Achomawi" means river people and properly applies to the band which historically inhabited the Fall River Valley and the Pit River from the south end of Big Valley Mountains, westerly to Pit River Falls. The nine bands of Achumawi lived on both sides of the Pit River from its origin at Goose Lake to Montgomery Creek, and the two bands of Atsugewi lived south of the Pit River on creeks tributary to it in the Hat Creek valley and Dixie Valley.
Leadhills Supergroup
The Leadhills Supergroup, formerly the Leadhills Group is a geological supergroup in Scotland.  The Supergroup is named after the village of Leadhills.

Palaeoflow direction obtained from the horizons of the Corsewell Pont Conglomerate and the Glenn App Conglomerate indicates derivation from the north-west, presumed to be the Midland Valley arc.

Dates of detrital muscovite and garnet are c. 480-460 Ma, indicating an origin from metamorphic activity during the exhumation of the Dalradian Supergroup after the Grampian Orogeny

Leadhills
Leadhills, originally settled for the accommodation of miners, is a village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, 5+3⁄4 miles (9.3 km) WSW of Elvanfoot. The population in 1901 was 835. It was originally known as Waterhead.

It is the second highest village in Scotland, the highest being neighbouring Wanlockhead, 2 miles (3 kilometres) south. It is near the source of Glengonnar Water, a tributary of the River Clyde.
Epic of evolution
In social, cultural, and religious studies in the United States, the "epic of evolution" is a narrative that blends religious and scientific views of cosmic, biological, and sociocultural evolution in a mythological manner. According to The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, an "epic of evolution" encompasses

the 14 billion year narrative of cosmic, planetary, life, and cultural evolution—told in sacred ways. Not only does it bridge mainstream science and a diversity of religious traditions; if skillfully told, it makes the science story memorable and deeply meaningful, while enriching one's religious faith or secular outlook.

Eric Chaisson
Eric J. Chaisson (pronounced chase-on) is an American astrophysicist known for his research, teaching, and writing on the interdisciplinary science of cosmic evolution. He is a member of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, teaches natural science at Harvard University and is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

He has published nearly 200 peer-reviewed articles in science journals on topics including interstellar clouds and nebulae as well as the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, complexity science utilizing the innovative concept of energy rate density, waste heating effects on climate change, and astrobiology of life in the Universe. He also seeks to unify natural science and works to improve science education nationally and internationally.
Khojaminasishvili
The House of Khojaminasishvili (Georgian: ხოჯამინასიშვილი) was a Georgian family of Armenian ethnic background ennobled in the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti in 1775. Their status received confirmation in 1857 from the Russian Empire, where they were known as Khodzhaminasov (Russian: Ходжаминасов).

Armenians in Georgia
Armenians in Georgia or Georgian Armenians (Georgian: ქართველი სომხები, romanized: kartveli somkhebi; Armenian: Վիրահայեր, romanized: Virahayer) are Armenian people living within the country of Georgia. The Armenian community is mostly concentrated in the capital Tbilisi, Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Samtskhe-Javakheti region. 2014 Census of Georgia puts the Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti at 50.5% of the population. In Abkhazia, Armenians are the third largest ethnic group in the region after the Georgians and the Abkhazian majority.
Aride Island
Aride Island is the northernmost granitic island in the Seychelles (Bird Island is the northernmost Seychelles island overall). A nature reserve, it is leased and managed by the Island Conservation Society of Seychelles.

Praslin
Praslin (French pronunciation: [pʁalɛ̃]) is the second largest island (38.5 km2) of the Inner Seychelles, lying 44 km (27 mi) northeast of Mahé. Praslin has a population of around 7,533 people and comprises two administrative districts: Baie Sainte Anne and Grand' Anse. The main settlements are the Baie Ste Anne, Anse Volbert and Grand' Anse.
Logistic Battalion "Goito"
The Logistic Battalion "Goito" (Italian: Battaglione Logistico "Goito") is an inactive military logistics battalion of the Italian Army, which was assigned to the Mechanized Brigade "Goito". The battalion's anniversary falls, as for all units of the Italian Army's Transport and Materiel Corps, on 22 May, the anniversary of the Royal Italian Army's first major use of automobiles to transport reinforcements to the Asiago plateau to counter the Austro-Hungarian Asiago Offensive in May 1916.

Armored Brigade "Centauro"
After World War II the Italian Army had two units named "Centauro": from 1952 to 1986 the Armored Division "Centauro" (Italian: Divisione corazzata "Centauro") and from 1986 to 2002 the Armored Brigade "Centauro" (Italian: Brigata corazzata "Centauro"). Both units were successor to the World War II era 131st Armored Division "Centauro". The units' name came from the mythological race of half human-half horse creatures named Centaurs.
Ejler Jakobsson
Ejler Jakobsson (December 6, 1911 – October 5, 1984) was an American science fiction editor.

Born in Finland, Jakobsson moved to the United States in 1926 and began a career as an author in the 1930s.  He married Edith Kane (1915–1997) in 1935. He worked on Astonishing Stories and Super Science Stories briefly before they shut down production due to paper shortages.  When Super Science Stories was revived in 1949, Jakobson was named editor until it ended publication two years later. He was an editor for Graphic Books in the 1950s. Jakobsson returned to editing in 1969, when he took over Galaxy and If, succeeding Frederik Pohl.  He worked to make the magazines more contemporary with the help of Judy-Lynn del Rey and Lester del Rey.  He left the magazines in 1974 and was succeeded by Jim Baen.

He died in Pleasantville, New York in 1984.

Jim Baen
James Patrick Baen (| beɪn |; October 22, 1943 – June 28, 2006) was a U.S. science fiction publisher and editor. In 1983, he founded his own  publishing house, Baen Books, specializing in the adventure, fantasy, military science fiction, and space opera genres. Baen also founded the video game publisher, Baen Software. In late 1999, he started an electronic publishing business called Webscriptions (since renamed to Baen Ebooks), which is considered to be the first profitable e-book vendor.
Voice of Namibia
Voice of Namibia (VoN) was a pirate radio station propagating Namibian independence, and the political mouthpiece of the South West African People's Organization (SWAPO) during the Namibian War of Independence. It operated from 1966 until Namibian independence in 1990 from different hosting stations in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Namibian Broadcasting Corporation
The Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) (Afrikaans: Namibiese Uitsaai-Korporasie, NUK; German: Namibische Rundfunkgesellschaft, NRG) is the public broadcaster of Namibia. It was established in 1979, under the name South West African Broadcasting Corporation (SWABC) or Suidwes-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie (SWAUK)
Shakya
Shakya (Pāḷi: Sakya; Sanskrit: Śākya) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-eastern South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The Shakyas were organised into a gaṇasaṅgha (an aristocratic oligarchic republic), known as the Shakya Republic. The Shakyas were on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain in the Greater Magadha cultural region.

Vajjika League
The Vajjika (Pāli: Vajjika) or Vrijika (IAST: Vṛjika) League, Confederacy, or Sangha, also called simply Vajji (Pāli: Vajji) or Vriji (IAST: Vṛji), was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribal league which existed during the later Iron Age period in north-east India.
Thomas Head Raddall Award
The Thomas Raddall Atlantic Fiction Award is a Canadian literary award administered by the Atlantic Book Awards & Festival for the best work of adult fiction published in the previous year by a writer from the Atlantic provinces. The prize honours Thomas Head Raddall and is supported by an endowment he willed to it. The award is currently worth $30,000, with additional finalists receiving $500 each.

Atlantic Book Awards & Festival
The Atlantic Book Awards & Festival is an annual event celebrating Atlantic Canadian writing and book illustration. Free events take place across the four Atlantic provinces (Newfoundland & Labrador, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia). The flagship event is the awards ceremony itself at which 13 different literary awards are presented.
Hydrangea macrophylla
Hydrangea macrophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae, native and endemic to Japan. It is a deciduous shrub growing to 3 m (10 ft) tall by 2.5 m (8 ft) or more broad with large heads of pink or blue flowers in summer and autumn. It is currently treated as monotypic, with no subspecies or varieties. Common names include bigleaf hydrangea, and, for particular cultivar groups, the names lacecap hydrangea, mophead hydrangea, and hortensia. It is widely cultivated in many parts of the world in many climates. It is not to be confused with H. aspera 'Macrophylla'.

Hydrangea aspera
Hydrangea aspera is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae native to dense forests in the region between the Himalayas, across southern China, to Taiwan. It is a large, erect deciduous shrub growing to 3 m (10 ft) tall and wide, with broadly oval leaves and dense branches. The flowers are typically borne in large flat heads in late summer, and are in variable shades of pale blue and pink, fringed by white or pale pink sterile florets.

The Latin aspera means "rough-textured" and refers to the downy lower surface of the leaves.

Due to how highly cultivated Hydrangea aspera is, coupled with the extensive species range, the related taxonomy of subspecies and potential synonyms is uncertain.