hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lorenz gauge condition
In electromagnetism, the Lorenz gauge condition or Lorenz gauge (after Ludvig Lorenz) is a partial gauge fixing of the electromagnetic vector potential by requiring  The name is frequently confused with Hendrik Lorentz, who has given his name to many concepts in this field. The condition is Lorentz invariant.  The Lorenz gauge condition does not completely determine the gauge: one can still make a gauge transformation  where  is the four-gradient and  is any harmonic scalar function: that is, a scalar function obeying  the equation of a massless scalar field.

The Lorenz gauge condition is used to eliminate the redundant spin-0 component in Maxwell's equations when these are used to describe a massless spin-1 quantum field. It is also used for massive spin-1 fields where the concept of gauge transformations does not apply at all.

Retarded potential
In electrodynamics, the retarded potentials are the electromagnetic potentials for the electromagnetic field generated by time-varying electric current or charge distributions in the past. The fields propagate at the speed of light c, so the delay of the fields connecting cause and effect at earlier and later times is an important factor: the signal takes a finite time to propagate from a point in the charge or current distribution (the point of cause) to another point in space (where the effect is measured), see figure below.
Samuel Gompers House
The Samuel Gompers House is a historic house at 2122 1st Street NW, in the Bloomingdale neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Built around the turn of the 20th century, it was from 1902 until 1917 home to Samuel Gompers (1850–1924), who was founder and president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 until his death. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.

Bloomingdale (Washington, D.C.)
Bloomingdale is a neighborhood in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., less than two miles (3 km) north of the United States Capitol building. It is a primarily residential neighborhood, with a small commercial center near the intersection of Rhode Island Avenue and First Street NW featuring bars, restaurants, and food markets.

Most of Bloomingdale's houses are Victorian-style rowhouses built around 1900 as single-family homes. Today, they remain primarily single-family residences, with some recently converted to two-unit condominiums.
GT4 European Series
The GT4 European Series is a sports car championship featuring production-based GT4 vehicles, organised by the SRO Motorsports Group. It is a Pro/Am series and serves as a primary support series for the GT World Challenge Europe.

SRO Motorsports Group
SRO Motorsports Group (formerly the Stéphane Ratel Organisation) is an international sporting organisation best known for promoting and running a variety of racing events and series, including the CrowdStrike 24 Hours of Spa, Intercontinental GT Challenge and Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe.

The company was founded in 1995 by Stéphane Ratel and is now considered the global leader in GT racing. SRO also organises the multi-disciplinary FIA Motorsport Games, as well as e-sports events and touring car categories. As of 2020 it keeps offices in London, Paris, Liège and Hong Kong, while Ratel continues to act as CEO.
Lancair Propjet
The Lancair Propjet is a four-seat, pressurized, composite aircraft powered by a 750-hp Walter M601E turboprop engine. The aircraft is based on Lancair's successful kit-plane, the Lancair IV. Like its piston-powered predecessor, the Propjet is noted for its performance, with a typical cruise speed of 325 knots at 24,000 feet and a climb performance of 4,000 feet per minute.

Production of the aircraft kit was ended in 2012.

Lancair
Lancair International, Inc. (pronounced "lance-air") is a U.S. manufacturer of general aviation aircraft kits. They are well known for their series of high-performance single-engine aircraft that offer cruise speeds that surpass many twin-engine turboprop designs. Along with the Glasair series, the early Lancair designs were among the first kitplanes to bring modern molded composites construction to light aircraft.

In early 2017 the company, including all the older aircraft designs, was sold and moved from Redmond, Oregon to Uvalde, Texas under the name Lancair International, LLC. The newest model, the Lancair Evolution, was retained by the existing company, Lancair International, Inc, which changed its name to the Evolution Aircraft Company.
2016–17 Ford Trophy
The 2016–17 Ford Trophy was the 46th season of the official List A cricket tournament in New Zealand, and the sixth in a sponsorship deal between New Zealand Cricket and Ford Motor Company. The competition ran from 15 January to 18 February 2017. The final was played between Canterbury and Wellington. Canterbury won the final by 28 runs with Peter Fulton scoring the fastest century in a List A cricket match in New Zealand.

Peter Fulton
Peter Gordon Fulton (born 1 February 1979) is a former New Zealand international cricketer who played for Canterbury at domestic level. He comes from a well recognised cricketing family with his uncle Roddy Fulton playing and captaining both Canterbury, Northern Districts, and New Zealand A from 1972 to 1985. He retired from first-class cricket in April 2017.
Eli Kent
Eli Kent (born 1988) is a New Zealand playwright and actor.  Kent holds a master's in scriptwriting from Victoria University of Wellington's International Institute of Modern Letters. Kent co-wrote, with James Ashcroft,  the films Coming Home in the Dark and The Rule of Jenny Pen.

The Rule of Jenny Pen
The Rule of Jenny Pen is a 2024 New Zealand psychological horror film based on Owen Marshall's short story of the same name. Directed by James Ashcroft and written by Ashcroft and Eli Kent, it stars John Lithgow, Geoffrey Rush, and George Henare.

The film is set in a care home for the elderly, where one resident severely harms the others under his tyranical rule, unbeknown to staff. The film premiered at Fantastic Fest on 19 September 2024, and was released in New Zealand on 20 March 2025, receiving positive reviews.
Rungholt
Rungholt was a low-lying settlement in North Frisia, in what was then the Danish Duchy of Schleswig. The area today lies in Germany. Rungholt was flooded, with massive erosion, when a storm tide (known as Grote Mandrenke or Den Store Manddrukning) hit the coast on 15 or 16 January 1362.

Storm tides of the North Sea
Storm tides of the North Sea are coastal floods associated with extratropical cyclones crossing over the North Sea, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness of the sea and the orientation of the shoreline relative to the storm's path, as well as the timing of tides. The water level can rise to more than 5 metres (17 ft) above the normal tide as a result of storm tides.

Northern Germany and Denmark are particularly susceptible to storm tides. The coastline of the German Bight forms an L-shape facing northwest. Also vulnerable are the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, where the sea shallows and is funnelled toward the English Channel.

Storm tides are a regular occurrence in the North Sea basin; several form each year. Although most do not cause significant damage, the impact of some has been devastating. During one, the February flood of 1825, the Danish coastline changed, as the North Jutlandic Island became separated from the Jutland Peninsula.
Noasca
Noasca (Arpitan: Nuachi) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Turin, in the Orco Valley.

Noasca borders the following municipalities: Cogne, Valsavarenche, Locana, Ceresole Reale, Groscavallo, and Chialamberto. It is part of the Gran Paradiso National Park. The main peak in the area is the Roc at 4,026 metres (13,209 ft).

The town has become famous for the Cingino Dam, which attracts goats that climb the steep dam to lick on the salty bricks.

In early July 2024, Noasca was hit by torrential rains and flooding, which was described by media as a “water bomb”.

Orco Valley
The Orco Valley (Italian: Valle dell'Orco) is a valley in the Piedmont region of northern Italy located in the Graian Alps, in the territory of the Metropolitan City of Turin. The valley takes its name from the Orco river, which flows through the valley.

The valley connects Pont Canavese to the Nivolet Pass. It is the site of a series of hydroelectric power plants, including that of the Lake of Ceresole.

The main municipalities in the Orco Valley are Locana, Noasca and Ceresole Reale.
1991 Kangaroo tour of Papua New Guinea
The 1991 Kangaroo tour of Papua New Guinea was a two-week, end of season tour of Papua New Guinea by the Australia national rugby league team. The Australians played five matches on the tour, including two Test matches against the Papua New Guinea Kumuls. The tour began on 29 September and finished on 13 October.

As of 2025 this remains the only full Kangaroo Tour of Papua New Guinea.

Ian Roberts (rugby league)
Ian Roberts (born 31 July 1965) is a British-born Australian actor and former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. A New South Wales State of Origin and Australian international representative forward, he played club football with the South Sydney Rabbitohs, Wigan, Manly Warringah Sea Eagles and North Queensland Cowboys. In 1995 Roberts became the first high-profile Australian sports person and first rugby footballer in the world to come out to the public as gay.
Everything Must Go (Manic Street Preachers album)
Everything Must Go is the fourth studio album by Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers, released on 20 May 1996 by Epic Records. It was the first record released as a trio, following the disappearance of lyricist and rhythm guitarist Richey Edwards.

Released at the height of Britpop in the mid-1990s, the album was a commercial and critical success, it reached its peak in the UK on separate occasions, debuting and peaking at number 2 in the UK Albums Chart and earned the band accolades in the 1997 Brit Awards. It represented a shift in the group's sound due to Edwards' departure. The album charted in mainland Europe, Asia and Australia, eventually selling over two million copies. Everything Must Go is frequently featured and voted highly in lists for one of the best albums of all time by many music publications such as NME and Q.

Nicky Wire
Nicholas Allen Jones (born 20 January 1969), known as Nicky Wire, is a Welsh musician, best known as lyricist, bassist and secondary vocalist of the Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers.

Prior to the group, Wire studied politics at university: this would later influence his lyrical work. He was co-writer of the band's lyrics (alongside Richey Edwards) from 1989 to 1995, and has been the band's primary lyricist since 1995, following Edwards' disappearance. In addition to his work with Manic Street Preachers, Wire has released two solo albums, I Killed the Zeitgeist in 2006 and Intimism in 2023.
Eunan Doherty
Eunan Doherty is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Naomh Conaill and the Donegal county team.

Doherty has won five Donegal Senior Football Championship titles and played for his county over many years, under several different managers.

Naomh Conaill CLCG
Naomh Conaill CLCG is a GAA club for the Glenties parish in south-west County Donegal. As well as the town of Glenties, the club also covers the area to the village of Fintown and the areas of Kilraine, The Glen and Maas down to the Gweebara Bridge. Much of this area lies within the Donegal Gaeltacht area.

Naomh Conaill is one of the strongholds of Gaelic football in County Donegal. The club has eight Donegal Senior Football Championship titles, all won since 2005. It reached the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship final in 2010 and 2019.

The club is its reigning County Senior Football Champions, having beaten Gaoth Dobhair in the 2025 final. The current football manager is Martin Regan.
Devil's River State Trail
The Devil's River State Trail is a 14.24-mile (22.94 km) state-designated rail trail in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. Parts of the trail are under construction as of early 2010. The trail is nearly paralleled by Interstate 43 for much of its route. The trail starts in the village park of Denmark, continuing through the village parks of both Maribel and Francis Creek, ending just north of Rockwood. The trail is scheduled to be expanded southwards to the city of Manitowoc.

Rockwood, Wisconsin
Rockwood is an unincorporated community located in the town of Kossuth, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States. Rockwood is located on County Highway R approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) north-northwest of downtown Manitowoc. U.S. Route 141 passed through the community before it was decommissioned in 1981 after being replaced by Interstate 43 as the major route between Green Bay and Milwaukee. US 141 was renamed as County R.
The Real Cancun
The Real Cancun is a 2003 American reality film directed by Rick de Oliveira and written by Brian Caldirola. Inspired by the reality television genre, this film followed the lives of sixteen Americans from March 13 to 23, 2003 as they celebrated spring break in Cancún, Mexico's Hotel Zone and experienced romantic relationships, emotional strife, or just had a good time.

The film received negative critical reviews and was a box office flop, earning a little over $5 million in the United States from a $7.5 million budget. It was the film debut of Laura Ramsey.

Jackass: The Movie
Jackass: The Movie is a 2002 American reality slapstick comedy film directed by Jeff Tremaine. It is a continuation of the MTV television series Jackass, which had completed its run. It was produced by Lynch Siderow Productions and Dickhouse Productions. The film features most of the original Jackass cast, including leader Johnny Knoxville, Bam Margera, Chris Pontius, Steve-O, Dave England, Ryan Dunn, Wee Man, Preston Lacy and Danger Ehren. MTV Films and Paramount Pictures released the film to theaters on October 25, 2002. It grossed over $79 million worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics. It was followed by a sequel, Jackass Number Two (2006).
Philip Hughes (footballer, born 1981)
Philip Hughes (born 12 September 1981) is an Irish footballer who plays as a forward for St. Mochta's in the Leinster Senior League. He was selected on the Professional Footballers' Association of Ireland Team of the Year on several occasions, as well as being selected as the overall "Player of the Year". As of 2018, Hughes had played with eleven different League of Ireland teams, including Dundalk, Monaghan United and Shelbourne for several spells.

St. Mochta's F.C.
St. Mochta's F.C. is an Irish association football club based in Clonsilla, Dublin. Their senior team play in the Leinster Senior League Senior Division. They also regularly compete in the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup, the FAI Junior Cup and the Leinster Senior Cup.
Sydney–Melbourne Express
The Sydney–Melbourne Express was an overnight intercapital passenger train service that operated between Australia's largest two cities, Sydney and Melbourne, between August 1986 and November 1993. Operated jointly by State Rail Authority and V/Line the name depended on the direction of travel, with the train nicknamed the 'Sex' or 'Mex'.

The Sydney–Melbourne Express was formed to replace the Spirit of Progress and Southern Aurora to cut operating costs of the intercapital rail service with the first train operating on 2 August 1986. The last Melbourne Express ran on the night of 20 November 1993 ex Sydney, with the last Sydney Express running ex Melbourne on 21 November. It was replaced by an unnamed XPT service that continues today.

State Rail Authority
The State Rail Authority, a former statutory authority of the Government of New South Wales, operated and maintained railways in the Australian state of New South Wales from July 1980 until December 2003.
What Up, Dog?
What Up, Dog? is the third studio album by Was (Not Was). It became the group's breakthrough album worldwide and was ranked #99 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Best Albums of the 1980s. The cover illustration was credited to Christoph Simon and Karen Kelly.

David Was
David Jay Weiss, known as David Was, is an American musician, music producer and journalist. With his life-long friend and stage-brother Don Was, he was the founder of the 1980s pop group Was (Not Was).
To tha X-Treme
To tha X-Treme is the third solo studio album by American rapper Devin the Dude. It was released in 2004 via Rap-A-Lot 4 Life. Recording sessions took place at Dean's List House of Hits, Noddfactor Studios, The Craft, and M.A.D. Studios in Houston. Production was handled by D-Boy, Domo, Cory Mo, Mike Dean, Oonoe Blass, Rob Quest, Bigg Tyme, Davey D, Luster Baker, Mike B., Mr. Mixx, Tone Capone, with J Prince serving as executive producer. It features guest appearances from 8Ball, Erica Marion, KB and Man Child.

The album peaked at number 55 on the Billboard 200 and number 6 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States.

Devin the Dude
Devin Charles Copeland (born June 4, 1969), better known by his stage name Devin the Dude, is an American rapper from Houston, Texas, whose career has spanned multiple decades and helped shape Southern hip hop; he is widely regarded as a pioneer of stoner rap and an “everyman” storyteller associated with lifestyle-focused narratives. In 2025, he co-created Coughee by Devin the Dude, a hemp and cannabis-culture brand.
Randy Dixon
Randall Charles Dixon (born March 12, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL).

Dixon was born in Clewiston,  Florida and played scholastically at Clewiston High School. He played collegiately for the Pittsburgh Panthers, where, as a junior, he was recognized as a consensus All-American.

Dixon was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the fourth-round of the 1987 NFL draft. He spent his entire nine-year career with the Colts, becoming a full-time starter in his second season.

Clewiston, Florida
Clewiston is a city in Hendry County, Florida, United States. Its location is 80 miles (130 km) northwest of Fort Lauderdale on the Atlantic coastal plain. The population was 7,327 at the 2020 census, up from 7,155 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city in the Clewiston micropolitan area.

The city is located on the south bank of Lake Okeechobee, and the Lake Okeechobee Scenic Trail (LOST) passes through the edge of the city. It is home to the Clewiston Museum and the Dixie Crystal Theatre. The area has been home to Seminole tribe members and sugar plantations, with the Ah-Tah-Thi-Ki Seminole Indian Museum located 32 miles (51 km) south of the city.
Liberty, Utah
Liberty is a census-designated place in Weber County, Utah, United States. The population was 1,522 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the Ogden Valley census county division.

Weber County, Utah
Weber County (/ˈwiːbər/ WEE-bər) is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 262,223, making it Utah's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat and largest city is Ogden, the home of Weber State University. The county was named after a fur trapper John Weber.

Weber County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area as well as the Salt Lake City metropolitan area.
Ralph Backstrom
Ralph Gerald Backstrom (September 18, 1937 – February 7, 2021) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre and later a coach, entrepreneur and hockey executive. He played in the National Hockey League with the Montreal Canadiens, Los Angeles Kings, and Chicago Black Hawks between 1956 and 1973. He also played in the World Hockey Association with the Chicago Cougars, Denver Spurs/Ottawa Civics, and New England Whalers from 1973 to 1977. With the Canadiens, he won the Stanley Cup six times, and won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's rookie of the year in 1959. After retiring he served as head coach of the University of Denver Pioneers for several years in the 1980s.

1958–59 NHL season
The 1958–59 NHL season was the 42nd season of the National Hockey League. Six teams played 70 games each. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup champions as they beat the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to one in the best-of-seven final series. This marked the fourth consecutive Stanley Cup win for the Canadiens as they became the first team to win four in a row.
Siamoperadectes
Siamoperadectes is a genus of non-marsupial metatherian from the Miocene of Thailand. A member of Peradectidae, it is the first member of its clade known from South Asia, and among the last non-marsupial metatherians.

Metatheria
Metatheria is a mammalian clade that includes all mammals more closely related to marsupials than to placentals. First proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880, it is a more inclusive group than the marsupials; it contains all marsupials as well as many extinct non-marsupial relatives. It is one of two groups placed in the clade Theria alongside Eutheria, which contains the placentals. Remains of metatherians have been found on all of Earth's continents.
My Little Pony: Pony Life
My Little Pony: Pony Life is an animated television series that aired on Treehouse TV in Canada from June 21, 2020, to April 25, 2021, and on Discovery Family in the United States from November 7, 2020, to May 22, 2021. It is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony franchise and is the fourth animated series in the franchise overall. Pony Life is a standalone spin-off to My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010–2019), featuring a new caricatured artstyle, slice-of-life stories, and some returning writers and voice cast from Friendship is Magic.

The series was produced by Entertainment One, with animation provided by Boulder Media. Unlike Friendship Is Magic, each episode is 11 minutes long, consisting of two five-minute segments.

Rainbow Dash
Rainbow Dash is a fictional character who appears in the fourth incarnation of Hasbro's My Little Pony toyline and media franchise, beginning with My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010–2019). She is a close friend of Twilight Sparkle, serving as a core member of the group of main characters collectively known as the Mane Six. She is voiced by Ashleigh Ball, who also voices Applejack.

Rainbow Dash is depicted as an athletic, cocky, and brash anthropomorphic pegasus with a talent for speed and obsession with adventure. She works as Ponyville's weather manager and dreams of joining an elite aerial aerobatics team called the Wonderbolts. Rainbow Dash represents the Element of Loyalty in the Elements of Harmony. She lives in a cloud house above Ponyville with her pet tortoise, Tank.
Lac de Grand Maison
Lac de Grand Maison is a lake in Isère, France. At an elevation of 1698 m, its surface area is 2.19 km2. It is created by the Grand'Maison Dam (constructed between 1978 and 1985) and serves as the upper reservoir in a pumped-storage hydroelectric scheme.

Grand'Maison Dam
The Grand'Maison Dam is an embankment dam on L'Eau d'Olle, a tributary of the Romanche River. It is located in Vaujany of Isère within the French Alps. The primary purpose of the dam is to serve as the upper reservoir for a pumped-storage hydroelectric scheme where Lac du Verney located lower in the valley is the lower reservoir. The dam was constructed between 1978 and 1985 with its power station being commissioned in 1987. With an installed capacity of 1,800 MW, it is the largest hydroelectric power station in France.