hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Top Cat (brand)
Top Cat was a British cat food brand that was made by Spillers. It is notable for being the cause of the renaming of the Hanna-Barbera animated television series Top Cat to Boss Cat in the United Kingdom in 1962, so as not to cause confusion or to suggest promotion or defamation. These concerns disappeared when the brand name was discontinued in the 1990s, allowing the original American title sequence to be used on the animated series, and any future media based on the franchise to use the name.

Top Cat
Top Cat is an American animated sitcom produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and originally broadcast in prime time on the ABC network. It aired in a weekly evening time slot from September 27, 1961, to April 18, 1962, for a single season of 30 episodes. The show was a ratings failure in prime time, but became successful when repeated on Saturday morning television. The show also became popular in Latin American countries (especially Mexico) and the United Kingdom.
Portland Beavers
The Portland Beavers was the name of separate minor league baseball teams, which represented Portland, Oregon, in the Pacific Coast League (PCL). The team was established in 1903, the first year of the PCL.

El Paso Chihuahuas
The El Paso Chihuahuas are a Minor League Baseball team based in El Paso, Texas. The Chihuahuas compete in the Pacific Coast League (PCL) as the Triple-A affiliate of the San Diego Padres. The team plays its home games at Southwest University Park, which opened in 2014. The Chihuahuas moved to El Paso from Tucson, Arizona, where they were known as the Tucson Padres. The team played in the PCL until the 2021 restructuring of the minor leagues when they shifted to the Triple-A West, but this league was renamed the PCL in 2022. The Chihuahuas won the PCL championship in 2016.
Veronica O'Brien (Catholic missionary)
Veronica O'Brien (16 August 1905 – 19 February 1998) was a Catholic nun, a missionary of the Legion of Mary, a lay worker and spiritual adviser to King Baudouin of Belgium and the Belgian Cardinal Leo Joseph Suenens.

Leo Joseph Suenens
Leo Jozef Suenens (/ˈsuːnɛns/ SOO-nens) (16 July 1904 – 6 May 1996) was a Belgian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels from 1961 to 1979. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1962.

Suenens was a leading voice at the Second Vatican Council advocating for reform in the Church.
Nondelegation doctrine
The doctrine of nondelegation (or non-delegation principle) is the theory that one branch of government must not authorize another entity to exercise the power or function which it is constitutionally authorized to exercise itself. It is explicit or implicit in all written constitutions that impose a strict structural separation of powers. It is usually applied in questions of constitutionally improper delegations of powers of one branch of government to another branch, to the administrative state, or to private entities. Although it is usually constitutional for executive officials to delegate executive powers to executive branch subordinates, there can also be improper delegations of powers within an executive branch.

In the United Kingdom, the non-delegation principle refers to the prima facie presumption that statutory powers granted to public bodies by Parliament cannot be delegated to other people or bodies.

A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use of Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. This unanimous decision rendered parts of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA), a main component of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, unconstitutional. The case from which the ruling stemmed was nicknamed the "Sick Chicken Case".
Biddle and Smart
Biddle and Smart was a manufacturer of carriages and then automobile bodies based in Amesbury, Massachusetts.  It started as a successful carriage manufacturer before making the transition to auto body manufacturer in 1905.

Amesbury, Massachusetts
Amesbury is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located on the left bank of the Merrimack River near its mouth, upstream from Salisbury and across the river from Newburyport and West Newbury. The population was 17,366 at the 2020 United States census. A former farming and mill town, Amesbury is today largely residential.  It is one of the two northernmost towns in Massachusetts (the other being neighboring Salisbury).
Angus James Morrison
Angus James Morrison (August 30, 1900 – October 26, 1952) was provincial-level politician in Alberta, Canada.

Morrison was an active trade unionist and president of District 18 of the United Mine Workers. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 1940 Alberta general election defeating incumbent Joseph Unwin in a hotly contested race.  Unwin had been tried and convicted of libel and inciting murder, but his conviction had been reversed, in the Bankers Toadies trial.

Morrison served one term in office and did not run again in 1944.

Joseph Unwin
Joseph Henry Unwin (September 15, 1892 – January 4, 1987) was a politician from Alberta, Canada.  He served in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1935 to 1940 as a member of the Social Credit Party.
Fort York (neighbourhood)
Fort York, also known as Garrison, is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located west of Downtown Toronto, north of Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport, and east of Exhibition Place along the shores of Lake Ontario.  While it is home to Fort York, a National Historic Site, it also contains several mid and high-rise condominium buildings built during the 21st century.

Queen's Wharf Lighthouse
The Queen's Wharf Lighthouse (also known as the Fleet Street Lighthouse, after its current location) is a lighthouse in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated at Fleet Street just east of the Princes' Gates at Exhibition Place. The octagonal building was originally one of a pair of lighthouses built in 1861 at Queen's Wharf, replacing an earlier 16-foot lighthouse built in 1838. The 11-metre (36-foot) three-storey wood structure is one of two surviving 19th-century lighthouses in Toronto (the other being Gibraltar Point Lighthouse).
City of Moonee Valley
The City of Moonee Valley is a local government area located within the metropolitan area of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It comprises the inner north-western suburbs between 3 and 13 kilometres from the Melbourne city centre. In 2023, the City of Moonee Valley Estimated Resident Population was 126,486, with a population density of 2,935 persons per square km, based on the 2023 Census.

City of Keilor
The City of Keilor was a local government area about 13 kilometres (8 mi) northwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 99.70 square kilometres (38.49 sq mi), and existed from 1863 until 1994.
Hassan Township, Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hassan Township was an urban township in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States.  Located in the northwestern corner of the county, it was the last remaining township in the county.  The population was 2,600 at the 2010 census.

The town began incorporation proceedings in 2003 but abandoned its petition and chose to sign a Joint Powers agreement with the nearby city of Rogers to annex the entirety of Hassan Township. The Hassan Town Board approved annexation in June 2008 with orderly annexation to begin in 2012.

The origin of the name comes from the Dakota word chanhasen meaning the "sugar-maple tree" (chan, tree; haza, a tree with sap). Since the then-township of Chanhassen had established two years before Hassan, the chan syllable was dropped to avoid confusion.

Chanhassen, Minnesota
Chanhassen (/tʃænˈhæsən/ chan-HASS-ən) is a city in Carver County, Minnesota, United States, about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Minneapolis. The population was 25,947 at the 2020 census, with a 2024 estimate of 26,469. A small part of the city extends eastward into Hennepin County.

An outer southwestern suburb of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Chanhassen is one of the more recently developed cities in the region. Its population has grown by 123.5% since 1990. The city is home to the headquarters of Life Time Fitness and Prince's former estate, Paisley Park, which is now a museum.
Saskatchewan Beach
Saskatchewan Beach (2021 population: 322) is a resort village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 6. It is on the eastern shore of Last Mountain Lake in the Rural Municipality of McKillop No. 220. Access is from Highway 322.

Division No. 6, Saskatchewan
Division No. 6 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the south-central part of the province. The most populous community in this division is Regina, the provincial capital.
Lake Kariba
Lake Kariba is the world's largest artificial lake and reservoir by volume. It lies 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) upstream from the mouth of the Zambezi river on the Indian Ocean, along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Lake Kariba was filled between 1958 and 1963 following the completion of the Kariba Dam at its northeastern end, flooding the Kariba Gorge on the Zambezi River.

The Zimbabwean town of Kariba was built for construction workers on the lake's dam, while some other settlements such as Binga village and Mlibizi in Zimbabwe and Siavonga and Sinazongwe in Zambia have expanded to house people displaced by the damming of the river.

Sinazongwe
Sinazongwe is a town in the Southern Province of Zambia, lying on the north shore of Lake Kariba. It was founded in the 1950s as a local administrative centre, while its main industry now is kapenta fishing.  It is home to a lighthouse and an airstrip, while ferries sail to Chete Island.
Sinazongwe also boasts The Houseboat Company.

Sinazongwe is accessible by tar road from Batoka (which is between Pemba and Choma) and by 17 kilometres (11 mi) of gravel road just outside Sinazeze town. The nearest airstrip is approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Sinazongwe. The nearest large hospital is at Maamba which is about a 40-minute drive from Sinazongwe; however, there is a small hospital in Sinazongwe as well as a local clinic.

Sinazongwe
San Tammaro
San Tammaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Naples and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Caserta.

San Tammaro borders the following municipalities: Capua, Casal di Principe, Casaluce, Frignano, Santa Maria Capua Vetere, Santa Maria la Fossa, Villa di Briano. The Royal Palace of Carditello is located in the communal territory.

Villa di Briano
Villa di Briano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Naples and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Caserta.

Villa di Briano borders the following municipalities: Casal di Principe, Casapesenna, Frignano, San Cipriano d'Aversa, San Marcellino, San Tammaro.
Chengannur
Chengannur (IPA: [t͡ʃeŋ:e̞n:u:r]) is a municipality in the Alappuzha district of Kerala, India. It is located 43 km (26.7 mi) south east of the district headquarters in Alappuzha and about 115 km (71.5 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Chengannur has a population of 23,466 people, and a population density of 1,607/km2 (4,160/sq mi).

Today, Chengannur is a primary economic and cultural hub of the Onattukara region. The town is noted for the Chengannur Mahadeva Temple and the Old Syrian Church of the ancient St. Thomas Christians community. It is also a major point for pilgrims to the Sabarimala Temple, and thus has been described as "The Gateway to Sabarimala".

State Highway 1 (Kerala)
Kerala's State Highway 1 or KL SH 1, better known as Main Central Road  or MC Road, is the arterial state highway starting from Kesavadasapuram in Thiruvananthapuram and ends at Angamaly, a suburb of Greater Cochin in Ernakulam district, in the state of Kerala, India. The highway was built by Raja Kesavadas, Dewan of Travancore, in the 1790s. Plan for a new highway called Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly Greenfield Highway, which runs parallel to the KL SH 1 is proposed and is under early stage of development.
Skip Spence
Alexander "Skip" Spence (born Alexander Lee Spence, Jr.; April 18, 1946 – April 16, 1999) was a Canadian singer-songwriter and musician. He was co-founder of Moby Grape, and played guitar with them until 1969. In the same year, he released his only solo album, Oar, and then largely withdrew from the music industry. He had started his career as a guitarist in an early line-up of Quicksilver Messenger Service, and was the drummer on Jefferson Airplane's debut album, Jefferson Airplane Takes Off. He has been described on the AllMusic website as "one of psychedelia's brightest lights"; however, his career was plagued by drug addiction coupled with mental health problems, and he has been described by a biographer as a man who "neither died young nor had a chance to find his way out."

Moby Grape (album)
Moby Grape is the 1967 debut studio album by rock band Moby Grape. Coming from the San Francisco scene, their reputation quickly grew to immense proportions, leading to a bidding war and a contract with Columbia Records. The album peaked at #24 on the Billboard 200 albums chart in September 1967.
All3Media
All3Media Limited is a British worldwide independent television, film, and digital production and distribution company based in London. The All3Media group consists of more than 50 production and distribution companies and labels from the United Kingdom and all other parts of Europe (IDTV  in the Netherlands and All3Media Deutschland in Germany), New Zealand (South Pacific Pictures) and the United States.

ITV plc
ITV plc is a British media company that holds 13 of the 15 regional television licences that make up the ITV network (Channel 3), the oldest and largest commercial terrestrial television network in the United Kingdom.

ITV plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
1st Special Operations Wing
The 1st Special Operations Wing (1 SOW) at Hurlburt Field, Florida is one of three United States Air Force active duty Special Operations wings and falls under the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC).

The 1st Special Operations Wing is a successor organization of the 16th Pursuit Group, one of the 15 original combat air groups formed by the Army before World War II.

XXVI Fighter Command
The XXVI Fighter Command was a formation of the United States Army Air Forces.  It was assigned to Sixth Air Force throughout its existence. It was based at Albrook Field, Panama Canal Zone,  where it was inactivated on 25 August 1946. It engaged in antisubmarine operations from the Canal Zone.

In 1947, when the United States Air Force (USAF) became independent, the Army transferred all Army Air Forces, Air Service and Air Corps units (there were a number of Air Corps units that had never been in the Army Air Forces, and a few Air Service units) to the USAF. A year later, the newly forming USAF permanently disbanded the command.
Hilma Nikolaisen
Hilma Nikolaisen (born 1 July 1982) is a Norwegian musician, best known for her work as a solo artist and as a member of the alternative rock band Serena-Maneesh. She is the sister of Emil, Ivar and Elvira Nikolaisen. Nikolaisen has released three studio albums and one live album as a solo artist.

Elvira Nikolaisen
Elvira Nikolaisen (born 16 July 1980 in Moi) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter signed for Sony BMG. She released her debut single Love I Can't Defend in December 2005, it reached the number 3 spot on the Norwegian singles list. She followed up the hit with her first album, Quiet Exit, and a second single, Egypt Song, in March 2006. The album peaked at No. 2 in the Norwegian chart.
Neuri
The Neuri (Ancient Greek: Νευροί, romanized: Neuroí; Latin: Neuri, also known as Neurians) were an ancient  people whose existence was recorded by ancient Graeco-Roman authors.

They were first mentioned by Herodotus (5th century BC), who left the most detailed description of them in his “History”.

Agathyrsi
The Agathyrsi were an ancient people belonging to the Scythian cultures who lived in Pryazovia before being later displaced by the Scythians into the Transylvanian Plateau, in the region that later became Dacia. The Agathyrsi are largely known from Herodotus of Halicarnassus's description of them in the 5th century BC.
South African Class 16D 4-6-2
The South African Railways Class 16D 4-6-2 of 1925 was a steam locomotive.

In 1925, the South African Railways placed two American-built Class 16D locomotives with a 4-6-2 Pacific type wheel arrangement in passenger train service. Five more of these locomotives were ordered and placed in service in 1926.

4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The 4-6-2 locomotive became almost globally known as a Pacific type after a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia was shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand.
Michael Holt (snooker player)
Michael Holt (born 7 August 1978) is an English professional snooker player from Nottingham. A former world Top 20 player, he has won one ranking event — the 2020 Snooker Shoot Out — and two minor-ranking tournaments. He was runner-up at two ranking events — the 2016 Riga Masters and the 2019 Snooker Shoot Out. Holt also reached the semi-finals of the 2013 Shanghai Masters as well as five other quarter-finals.

Ali Carter
Allister Carter (born 25 July 1979) is an English professional snooker player. He has twice been a World Championship finalist, in 2008 and 2012, losing both finals to Ronnie O'Sullivan. He has won six ranking titles and briefly reached number two in the world rankings in 2010. His nickname, "The Captain", comes from his hobby of piloting aeroplanes.
Glamorgan County RFC
Glamorgan County RFC is a Welsh rugby union club that manages an invitational team, known as Glamorgan that originally played rugby at county level. The team is made up of amateur players from sports clubs in the Glamorgan region and historically played matches against other county teams from Wales and England, and during the 20th century was a key fixture for touring international teams. Today the club manages Glamorgan's premier rugby union tournament, the Glamorgan County Silver Ball Trophy, and arranges invitational Glamorgan teams to face Welsh rugby clubs during celebrations, such as anniversaries.

Glamorgan County Silver Ball Trophy
The Glamorgan County Silver Ball Trophy (also known as the Glamorgan County High Motive Silver Ball Trophy) is a Welsh rugby union competition open to all non-premier Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) clubs playing in the Glamorgan area.
Moumin Bahdon Farah
Moumin Bahdon Farah (Somali: Muumin Bahdoon Faarax) (24 October 1939 – 1 September 2009) was a Djiboutian politician and the President of the Social Democratic People's Party (PPSD). He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1978 to 1993 and Minister of Justice from 1993 to 1996. Concurrently, he was a member of the National Assembly of Djibouti.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Djibouti)
This is a list of foreign ministers of Djibouti.

1977–1978: Abdallah Mohamed Kamil

1978–1993: Moumin Bahdon Farah

1993–1995: Mohamed Bolock Abdou

1995–1999: Mohamed Moussa Chehem

1999–2005: Ali Abdi Farah

2005–2025: Mahamoud Ali Youssouf

2025–Incumbent: Abdoulkader Houssein Omar
Filtered category
In category theory, filtered categories generalize the notion of directed set understood as a category (hence called a  directed category; while some use directed category as a synonym for a filtered category). There is a dual notion of cofiltered category, which will be recalled below.

Limit (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the abstract notion of a limit captures the essential properties of universal constructions such as products, pullbacks and inverse limits.  The dual notion of a colimit generalizes constructions such as disjoint unions, direct sums, coproducts, pushouts and direct limits.

Limits and colimits, like the strongly related notions of universal properties and adjoint functors, exist at a high level of abstraction. In order to understand them, it is helpful to first study the specific examples these concepts are meant to generalize.
Lomse
Lomse was a quarter of eastern Königsberg in Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia). Lomse was located on the western end of Lomse Island in the Pregel River; the large island is now known as October Island (Russian: Октябрьский остров). The Neuer Pregel, the northern branch of the river, separated Lomse from Kneiphof to the west, Altstadt to the northwest, and Löbenicht to the north. Lomse's territory is now part of Kaliningrad's Moskovsky District and Lomse is now known as Oktyabrsky Island, in honor of the October Revolution.

Altstadt (Königsberg)
Altstadt (Polish: Stare Miasto) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Prussia. During the Middle Ages it was the most powerful of the three towns that composed the city of Königsberg, the others being Löbenicht and Kneiphof. Its territory is now part of Kaliningrad, Russia.
Lumbar plexus
The lumbar plexus is a web of nerves (a nerve plexus) in the lumbar region of the body which forms part of the larger lumbosacral plexus.  It is formed by the divisions of the first four lumbar nerves (L1–L4) and from contributions of the subcostal nerve (T12), which is the last thoracic nerve. Additionally, the ventral rami of the fourth lumbar nerve pass communicating branches, the lumbosacral trunk, to the sacral plexus.  The nerves of the lumbar plexus pass in front of the hip joint and mainly support the anterior part of the thigh.

The plexus is formed lateral to the intervertebral foramina and passes through psoas major.  Its smaller motor branches are distributed directly to psoas major, while the larger branches leave the muscle at various sites to run obliquely down through the pelvis to leave under the inguinal ligament with the exception of the obturator nerve which exits the pelvis through the obturator foramen.

Lumbosacral trunk
The lumbosacral trunk is nervous tissue that connects the lumbar plexus with the sacral plexus. It is formed by the union of parts of the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves and descends to join the sacral plexus.
Hiketa Castle
Hiketa Castle (引田城, Hiketa-jō) was a Sengoku period Japanese castle located in what is now part of the city of  Higashikagawa, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 2020.

Higashikagawa, Kagawa
Higashikagawa (東かがわ市, Higashikagawa-shi) is a city located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 September 2022, the city had an estimated population of 28,627 in 13,689 households and a population density of 970 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 152.83 square kilometres (59.01 sq mi).