hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glucosamine
Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two polysaccharides, chitosan and chitin. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. It is produced commercially by the hydrolysis of shellfish exoskeletons or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat. Glucosamine has various names depending on the country and its intended use.

Although a common dietary supplement, there is little clinical evidence that it is effective for relief of arthritis or pain, and is not an approved prescription drug in most countries, although it is listed as a medicinal product in Europe. Worldwide, there are no clinical organizations that recommend use of glucosamine as a treatment for arthritis.

Chitosan
Chitosan /ˈkaɪtəsæn/ is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit). It is made by treating the chitin shells of shrimp and other crustaceans with an alkaline substance, such as sodium hydroxide.

Chitosan has a number of commercial and possible biomedical uses. It can be used in agriculture as a seed treatment and biopesticide, helping plants to fight off fungal infections. In winemaking, it can be used as a fining agent, also helping to prevent spoilage. In industry, it can be used in a self-healing polyurethane paint coating. In medicine, it is useful in bandages to reduce bleeding and as an antibacterial agent; it can also be used to help deliver drugs through the skin.
Portrait of a Young Man Seated on a Carpet
Portrait of a Young Man Seated on a Carpet is an oil on panel painting by the Italian Mannerist painter Rosso Fiorentino, from c. 1525-1527. It is held in the National Museum of Capodimonte, in Naples. The identity of its subject is unknown.

It may have been produced during or just after Rosso's stay in Castello di Cerveteri, home to the Anguillara, a ducal branch of the Orsini family. It was recorded in a 1600 inventory which attributed it to Rosso, but it was misattributed around 1650 to Titian. It later entered the Farnese collection in Parma as a work by Parmigianino, with the Farnese's librarian Orsini acting as an intermediary - it is also known to have previously been in his collection. It was brought to Naples with most of the rest of the Farnese collection in 1739 but was only reattributed to Rosso in 1940 thanks to Roberto Longhi.

Rosso Fiorentino
Giovanni Battista di Jacopo (8 March 1495 – 14 November 1540), known as Rosso Fiorentino (meaning "Florentine Redhead" in Italian) or Il Rosso ("The Redhead"), was an Italian Mannerist painter who worked in oil and fresco and belonged to the Florentine school.
Sikandra Rao
Sikandra Rao (Hindi pronunciation: [sɪkən̪d̪ɾaː ɾaːʋ]) is a town in Hathras district of Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the three assembly constituencies of the district and a Municipal board. The current MLA from the constituency is senior BJP leader Birendra Singh Rana.The town is connected to the cities of Aligarh and Etah by NH-34 and to the city of Agra by NH-21. The nearest airport is Agra Airport.

National Highway 21 (India)
National Highway 21 (NH 21) is a primary national highway in India. This highway connects Jaipur in Rajasthan to Agra and Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh This national highway is 502 km (312 mi) long starting from Patrika Chowk in Jaipur till its end at Lalpur Chauraha in Bareilly.
Sanderson High School, East Kilbride
Sanderson High School is a non-denominational secondary school in East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, Scotland for pupils with additional support needs. The school was established in June 1994 after the merger of Springhall School and Dalton School. The new school buildings were opened officially on 5 February 2009 (though by then had already been in use for some months) as part of South Lanarkshire Council’s Schools’ Modernisation Programme. It is the smallest high school in East Kilbride and shares a campus with Calderglen High School.

South Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire (Scots: Sooth Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas) is one of 32 unitary authorities of Scotland. It borders the south-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains some of Greater Glasgow's suburban towns, as well as many rural towns and villages. It also shares borders with Dumfries and Galloway, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and West Lothian. It includes most of the historic county of Lanarkshire.

The administrative centre of South Lanarkshire is Hamilton, with the seat of the local authority, South Lanarkshire Council, located at Lanark County Buildings.
Where Love Is, God Is
"Where Love Is, God Is" (sometimes also translated as "Where Love Is, There God Is Also" or "Martin the Cobbler") is a short story by Russian author Leo Tolstoy. The title references the Catholic hymn Ubi Caritas. One English translation of this short story as translated by Nathan Haskell Dole uses the alternate title translation of "Where Love Is, There God Is Also".  It was published in the United States under Crowell Company's "Worth While Booklet" Series. It was written in 1885.

Ubi caritas
"Ubi caritas" is a hymn of the Western Church, long used as one of the antiphons for the washing of feet on Maundy Thursday. Its text is attributed to Paulinus of Aquileia in 796 AD. The traditional melody probably also stems from the late 8th century AD. It is now and then sung at Eucharistic Adoration and Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament and has for a long time been part of the Holy Thursday evening liturgy.  The current  Roman Catholic Missal (1970, 3rd typical edition 2002) reassigned it from the foot-washing mandatum to the offertory procession at the Holy Thursday evening Mass of the Lord's Supper. It also is found in current Anglican and Lutheran hymnals.

In the second typical edition (1975) of the current Roman Missal, pups the antiphonal response was altered to read "Ubi caritas est vera, Deus ibi est," after certain very early manuscripts. This translates as: "Where true charity is, God is there."
Samia (play)
Samia (Ancient Greek: Σαμία), translated as The Girl From Samos, or The Marriage Connection, is an Ancient Greek comedy by Menander, who lived from c. 341/2 - 290 BC. It is the dramatist's second most extant play with up to 116 lines missing compared to Dyskolos’s 39. The date of its first performance is unknown, with 315 BC and 309 BC being two suggested dates. The surviving text of Samia comes from the Cairo Codex found in 1907 and the Bodmer Papyri from 1952.

Menander
Menander (/məˈnændər/; Ancient Greek: Μένανδρος, romanized: Ménandros; c. 342/341 – c. 290 BC) was a Greek playwright and the best-known representative of Athenian New Comedy. He wrote 108 comedies and took the prize at the Lenaia festival eight times. His record at the City Dionysia is unknown.

He was one of the most popular writers and most highly admired poets in antiquity, but his work was considered lost before the early Middle Ages. It now survives only in Latin-language adaptations by Terence and Plautus and, in the original Greek, in highly fragmentary form, most of which were discovered on papyrus in Egyptian tombs during the early to mid-20th century. In the 1950s, to the great excitement of Classicists, it was announced that a single play by Menander, Dyskolos, had finally been rediscovered in the Bodmer Papyri intact enough to be performed.
Adler Mannheim
The Adler Mannheim (English: Mannheim Eagles, formerly Mannheimer ERC) is a professional ice hockey team of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, the highest-level ice hockey league in Germany. The team is based in Mannheim, a city in the northern part of Baden-Württemberg. Currently, the team plays at SAP Arena, where they moved to at the beginning of the 2005–06 season after having played at Eisstadion am Friedrichspark for nearly seven decades from 1938 through 2005. They have won the German Championship a total of eight times, seven of those coming after 1994 in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.

Roy Roedger
Roy Roedger (born October 11, 1958) is a retired German ice hockey player born and raised in Canada. Roedger, of German descent, left Canada for Germany in 1978 and played eleven seasons there. He also fielded for the German national team at two Olympic games and six World Championships. After the end of his career he returned to Canada.

He is a member of the German Ice Hockey Hall of Fame.
Vickers Type 163
The Vickers Type 163 was a prototype British biplane bomber design of the 1930s, built by Vickers-Armstrong.

It was based on the Vickers Vanox (Vickers Type 150), scaled up to accommodate four engines mounted in pairs. It was submitted both as a bomber and as a troop carrier to Air Ministry specifications B.19/27 and C.16/28 respectively, first flying on 12 January 1931.
Only one was produced.

Vickers-Armstrongs
Vickers-Armstrongs Limited was a British engineering conglomerate formed by the merger of the assets of Vickers Limited and Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company in 1927. The majority of the company was nationalised in the 1960s and 1970s, with the remainder being divested as Vickers plc in 1977.

It featured among Britain's most prominent armaments firms.
The Challenge: Champs vs. Pros
The Challenge: Champs vs. Pros is a special mini-series of MTV's long-running reality game show, The Challenge. In the six-week event, ten Challenge greats competed against ten professional athletes. The series premiered on Tuesday, May 16, 2017, and concluded on June 20, 2017. The series was hosted by NFL wide receiver Victor Cruz. Contestants competed to win $50,000 to donate to the charity of their choice. In 2017 the series format was changed to include celebrities and was renamed Champs vs. Stars.

The format featured alumni from The Real World, Road Rules, and The Challenge, competing with athletes who have participated in professional leagues and events such as the National Football League, Women's National Basketball Association, Ultimate Fighting Championship, World Surfing Championship, along with the Winter and Summer Olympics.

Victor Cruz
Victor Michael Cruz (born November 11, 1986) is a former American professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL), spending seven seasons with the New York Giants. He played college football at UMass, and signed with the Giants as an undrafted free agent in 2010. With New York, he won Super Bowl XLVI over the New England Patriots, and made the 2012 Pro Bowl.
2013–14 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 2013 season began on January 4, 2014. The postseason tournament concluded with the Seattle Seahawks defeating the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII, 43–8, on February 2, at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey.

Coby Fleener
Jacoby Fleener (born September 20, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Stanford Cardinal, earning first-team All-American honors in 2011. Fleener was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the 2012 NFL draft. He also played for the New Orleans Saints.
Zosimas of Solovki
Zosimas of Solovki (Russian: Зосима Соловецкий; died 1478) was a Russian hermit. He was one of the founders of the Solovetsky Monastery, which was established on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea of northern Russia. He is venerated as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Solovetsky Monastery
The Solovetsky Monastery (Russian: Солове́цкий монасты́рь, IPA: [səlɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪj mənɐˈstɨrʲ]) is a fortified monastery located on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea in northern Russia. It was one of the largest Christian citadels in northern Russia before it was converted into a Soviet prison and labor camp in 1926 to 1939, and served as a prototype for the camps of the Gulag system. The monastery has experienced several major changes and military sieges. Its most important structures date from the 16th century, when Filip Kolychev was its hegumen (comparable to an abbot).
Live at the Masquerade
Live at the Masquerade is a live CD/DVD combination released by Thousand Foot Krutch. The CD/DVD includes live recordings of many of their songs such as "Puppet", "What Do We Know", "Absolute", "Rawkfist", and several songs of their previous album Welcome to the Masquerade.

Thousand Foot Krutch
Thousand Foot Krutch (often abbreviated TFK) is a Canadian Christian metal band formed in Peterborough, Ontario, in 1995. The band released ten studio albums, two live albums, and three remix albums. The core members consist of founding member Trevor McNevan (vocals, guitar), as well as, Steve Augustine (drums), and Joel Bruyere (bass, backing vocals).

After forming, Thousand Foot Krutch would go on to sell more than 1.1 million albums, along with reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Hard Rock Albums Chart twice.

Although the band frequently featured rapped vocals on their early albums, they would eventually move away from this style.
Harmul
Harmul (Arabic: حرمول, romanized: Ḩarmūl) also known as Harmool, is a village located in the beach of the Wilayah (province) of Liwa, North Al Batinah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. Its population is estimated at 2,293 people.

Liwa, Oman
Liwa (Arabic: لوى) is a Wilayah (Province) in the Al Batinah North Governorate of Oman. It lies north of Sohar, overlooking the Gulf of Oman to its east. It is bordered northwest by the Wilayats of Shinas and Mahdah. Liwa is approximately 277 kilometers from the capital Muscat and the second province away from the border to the United Arab Emirates. As of 2020, it had a population of 18,321.
Chant
A chant (from French chanter, from Latin cantare, "to sing") is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones.  Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant.  Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the Late Middle Ages, some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).

Reciting tone
In chant, a reciting tone (also called a recitation tone) can refer to either a repeated musical pitch or to the entire melodic formula for which that pitch is a structural note. In Gregorian chant, the first is also called tenor, dominant or tuba, while the second includes psalm tones (each with its own associated Gregorian mode) as well as simpler formulae for other readings and for prayers.
IZOSTAT
IZOSTAT was an agency of the Soviet government that designed, created, published, and distributed graphic representations of Soviet industry that were easily understandable without written explanations. Founded as an educational unit, Izostat evolved into a producer of propaganda. It operated between 1931 and 1940.

Gerd Arntz
Gerd Arntz (11 December 1900 – 4 December 1988) was a German Modernist artist renowned for his black and white woodcuts. A core member of the Cologne Progressives, he was also a council communist. The Cologne Progressives participated in the revolutionary unions AAUD (KAPD) and its offshoot the AAUE in the 1920s. In 1928 Arntz contributed prints to the AAUE paper Die Proletarische Revolution, calling for workers to abandon parliament and form and participate in worker's councils. These woodcut prints feature recurring themes of class.
20th Jogja-NETPAC Asian Film Festival
The 20th annual Jogja-NETPAC Asian Film Festival took place from 29 November to 6 December 2025 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It opened with the 35 mm screening of Garin Nugroho's 2006 film Opera Jawa and closed with Aco Tenriyagelli's directorial debut Comedy Buddy. A total of 227 films from 43 Asia-Pacific countries were screened during the festival.

A special program, Reza Rahadian: 20 Years Reflection,  commemorating the Indonesian actor's twenty years of career, took place during the festival.  An exclusive ten-minute preview of Kamila Andini's Four Seasons in Java was screened at the festival.

The most prestigious award of the festival, Golden Hanoman Award, was awarded to Cambodian supernatural drama film Becoming Human by Polen Ly.

Four Seasons in Java
Four Seasons in Java (Indonesian: Empat Musim Pertiwi) is an upcoming drama film written and directed by Kamila Andini. The film stars Putri Marino as Pertiwi, the title character. It is an international co-production between Indonesia, Singapore, Netherlands, Norway, Germany, France, Poland, and Thailand.

It is scheduled for Indonesian theatrical release in 2026.
Clemente de Faria Jr.
Clemente de Faria Jr. (born August 17, 1987 in Belo Horizonte) is a Brazilian racing driver. He won the 2007 Formula Three Sudamericana championship with the Cesário Formula team, and was part of A1 Team Brazil as a rookie driver, during the 2007-08 A1 Grand Prix season. He would make appearances in the rookie sessions, at Taupo Motorsport Park in New Zealand and at Eastern Creek Raceway in Australia. He moved up to the British Formula Three Championship during the 2008 season, driving at Silverstone for Räikkönen Robertson Racing and at Donington Park with his Sudamericana-winning Cesário Formula team.

From 2010 onwards Clemente went back to Brazil and joined Pater Racing for Trofeo Linea Brasil.

2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, New Zealand
The 2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, New Zealand is an A1 Grand Prix race, which was held on 20 January 2008 at the Taupo Motorsport Park, New Zealand. This will be the fifth meeting in the 2007–08 A1 Grand Prix season.
To See the Lights
To See the Lights is a compilation album by the English indie rock band Gene, featuring B-sides, covers and live versions of their songs. It was released on 26 January 1996.

The album was reissued in double disc deluxe editions containing extra materials on 3 February 2014.

Gene (band)
Gene are a British rock band that rose to prominence in the mid-1990s. Formed in 1993, they were categorised by the UK music press as a Britpop band and were often drew comparisons with the Smiths because of lead singer Martin Rossiter's similarities to Morrissey in demeanour and lyrical style. Gene's music was influenced by The Jam, The Smiths, The Style Council, Faces and The Clash. The band split in 2004 but have announced a reunion for 2026.
London Grammar
London Grammar are an English indie pop band formed in Nottingham in 2009. The band consists of Hannah Reid, Dan Rothman, and Dominic "Dot" Major. Their debut extended play, Metal & Dust, was released in 2013 by Metal & Dust Recordings; their debut album, If You Wait (2013), reached No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified Double Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The band's next two studio albums, Truth Is a Beautiful Thing (2017) and  
Californian Soil (2021), both reached number 1 on the UK Albums Chart.

Metal & Dust
"Metal & Dust" is a song written by Dot Major, Hannah Reid and Dan Rothman of British indie pop band London Grammar. The song was originally recorded by the band for inclusion on their debut studio album, If You Wait, and appears as the eighth track on the album. The song served as the band's debut single, being released as a maxi single on 25 February 2013 (2013-02-25).
Black Dresses
Black Dresses was a Canadian noise pop duo consisting of Ada Rook and Devi McCallion, formed in 2017. Their debut album, Wasteisolation, was released independently in 2018. The duo released three additional albums, Thank You (2019), Love and Affection for Stupid Little Bitches  (2019), and Peaceful as Hell (2020), before breaking up in 2020 in response to harassment received by McCallion. Despite maintaining their declaration of disbandment in 2020, Black Dresses released three additional albums, Forever in Your Heart (2021), Forget Your Own Face (2022), and Laughingfish (2024). Upon releasing Laughingfish, the band announced that it would be their final album.

Purity Ring (band)
Purity Ring is a Canadian electronic pop band from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, formed in 2010. The band consists of multi-instrumentalist/producer Corin Roddick and vocalist Megan James. They released their debut album Shrines in 2012 to critical acclaim, followed by Another Eternity in 2015, Womb in 2020, and Purity Ring in 2025. The band released an EP, Graves, on June 3, 2022.
Giovanni Manfredi
Giovanni Manfredi (1324–1373) was lord of Faenza from 1341 until 13 September 1356, as well as of numerous other minor fiefs in Romagna.

He was born in Imola, the illegitimate son of Riccardo Manfredi, and fought for Mastino II della Scala against John of Bohemia. In 1351 he was hired by Bernabò Visconti in his war against Bologna and the Papal forces, and was excommunicated the following year.

In 1356, after a long resistance together with his ally Francesco II Ordelaffi of Forlì, a crusade was declared against them. He was soon forced to surrender Faenza to the Papal commander, Cardinal Gil de Albornoz. In 1361 he rebelled again, but his conjures to conquer Faenza and Imola were discovered.

He died at Pistoia in 1373.

Crusade against Francesco Ordelaffi
The crusade against Francesco Ordelaffi (1356–1359) was an international military campaign to restore the temporal power of the Holy See over part of the Romagna. Resistance was led by Francesco II Ordelaffi, lord of Forlì and Cesena. The crusaders were initially successful in detaching Ordelaffi's allies. The intervention of mercenaries on Ordelaffi's side changed the nature of the war. Papal authority was eventually reimposed with the help of Hungarian troops.
St. Paul Curling Club
The St. Paul Curling Club (SPCC) is a historic curling club located on Selby Avenue in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It is the curling club with the largest active membership in the United States, boasting over 1,200 members. The club was first established in 1885, and the current St. Paul Curling Club was formed when the Capitol City Curling Club and Nushka Curling Club merged in 1912. It is the oldest curling club in Minnesota. In April 2011, the club hosted the 2011 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship and the 2011 World Senior Curling Championships.

2011 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2011 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held at the Saint Paul Curling Club in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States from April 15 to 24, 2011. The event was held in conjunction with the 2011 World Senior Curling Championships.

Switzerland won its third mixed doubles gold in four years by defeating the Russians in a six-end final with a final score of 11–2.