hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vira Nirvana Samvat
The Vira Nirvana Samvat (era) is a calendar era beginning on 7 October 527 BCE. It commemorates the nirvana of Mahavira, the 24th Jain Tirthankara. This is the oldest system of chronological reckoning which is still used in India.

Lunisolar calendar
A lunisolar calendar is a calendar in many cultures, that combines monthly lunar cycles with the solar year. As with all calendars which divide the year into months, there is an additional requirement that the year have a whole number of months (Moon cycles). The majority of years have twelve months but every second or third year is an embolismic year, which adds a thirteenth intercalary, embolismic, or leap month.

In contrast to purely lunar calendars such as the Islamic calendar, lunisolar calendars have additional intercalation rules that reset them periodically into a rough agreement with the solar year and thus with the seasons.
Yaroslavsky Uyezd
Yaroslavsky Uyezd (Ярославский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Yaroslavl Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Yaroslavl.

Yaroslavl Governorate
57°37′00″N 39°51′00″E﻿ / ﻿57.6167°N 39.8500°E﻿ / 57.6167; 39.8500

Yaroslavl Governorate (Russian: Ярославская губерния, romanized: Yaroslavskaya guberniya)  was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, located in European Russia in the Upper Volga Region. It existed from 1777 to 1929; its seat was in the city of Yaroslavl.
Melitta melanura
Melitta melanura is a species of Melitta.

The species was described in 1852 by Nylander as Kirbya melanura.

It is found in Eurasia.

Synonyms:

Kirbya melanura Nylander, 1852

Melitta wankowiczi (Radoszkowski, 1891)

Melitta (bee)
Melitta is a genus of bees in the family Melittidae. It includes about 40 species restricted to Africa and the northern temperate zone. Most of the species are Palaearctic, though three rare species occur in North America.

They are bees of moderate size, generally 8 to 15 mm long. They are commonly oligolectic, with narrow host plant preferences. They resemble bees of the genus Andrena, though with radically different mouthparts and a scopa limited to the hind tibia and basitarsus.
Melitta have a crucial role as pollinators and they are protected through the Pollinators policy based on EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030.
Raleigh Hotel (South Fallsburg, New York)
The Raleigh Hotel was a resort hotel in South Fallsburg, New York, within the Borscht Belt region of the Catskill Mountains.

The Raleigh temporarily closed in December 2005 and then reopened the following year under new ownership, as a retreat for mainly Orthodox Jews. As of 2024, its new name is the HCS Resort.

South Fallsburg, New York
South Fallsburg is a hamlet and census-designated place in Sullivan County, New York, United States. South Fallsburg is located within the Town of Fallsburg at 41°42′59″N 74°37′49″W﻿ / ﻿41.71639°N 74.63028°W﻿ / 41.71639; -74.63028 (41.716489, -74.630279).
Toy Center
40°44′31″N 73°59′22″W﻿ / ﻿40.74205°N 73.98945°W﻿ / 40.74205; -73.98945

The Toy Center, also known as the International Toy Center, is a complex of buildings in the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City, that for many years was a hub for toy manufacturers and distributors in the United States.  It includes two buildings located between 23rd Street and 25th Street across from Madison Square, where Fifth Avenue and Broadway cross. The American International Toy Fair, the industry's major annual trade show, is held annually in February at both the Toy Center and the Javits Center on 34th Street. The building also serves as the corporate headquarters of luxury retailer Tiffany & Co.

North American International Toy Fair
The North American International Toy Fair (formerly the American International Toy Fair and also known as Toy Fair New York) is an annual toy industry trade show held in mid-February in New York City's Jacob K. Javits Convention Center and at toy showrooms around the city. The event is open to the toy trade only – toy industry professionals, retailers, and press representatives. It is produced by The Toy Association. Toy Fair New York's promoters describe it as the largest toy trade show in the Western hemisphere.
Einstein–Brillouin–Keller method
The Einstein–Brillouin–Keller (EBK) method  is a semiclassical technique (named after Albert Einstein, Léon Brillouin, and Joseph B. Keller) used to compute eigenvalues in quantum-mechanical systems. EBK quantization is an improvement from Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization which did not consider the caustic phase jumps at classical turning points. This procedure is able to reproduce exactly the spectrum of the 3D harmonic oscillator, particle in a box, and even the relativistic fine structure of the hydrogen atom.

Semiclassical physics
In physics, semiclassical refers to a theory in which one part of a system is described quantum mechanically, whereas the other is treated classically. For example, external fields will be constant, or when changing will be classically described. In general, it incorporates a development in powers of the Planck constant, resulting in the classical physics of power 0, and the first nontrivial approximation to the power of (−1). In this case, there is a clear link between the quantum-mechanical system and the associated semi-classical and classical approximations, as it is similar in appearance to the transition from physical optics to geometric optics.
Abbath
Olve Eikemo (born 27 June 1973), better known by his stage name Abbath Doom Occulta or simply Abbath, is a Norwegian musician best known as a founding member of the black metal band Immortal. Before founding Immortal, Abbath performed with Old Funeral alongside future Immortal member Demonaz. Following his departure from Immortal in 2015, he announced that he would be forming a new band under the Abbath name. Although primarily a guitarist, Abbath is also a proficient bassist and drummer, having started his career as a bassist and recorded all drums for Immortal albums Pure Holocaust and Battles in the North.

Abbath (album)
Abbath is the debut album by Norwegian black metal band Abbath. It was released on January 22, 2016, through Season of Mist. It is the only album to feature drummer Creature before his departure in December 2015  and the only one to feature King Ov Hell before his departure in June 2018. The album is composed mostly of content that Abbath had originally prepared for the next Immortal album, which was ultimately never used for it following his departure from the band in 2015.

On January 12, 2016, the entire album was made available for streaming.
Bichhar Pass
Bichhar pass (el. 4,532 m (14,869 ft)) is a high mountain pass at the boundary of the Ghizer and Gilgit districts in Gilgit–Baltistan of Pakistan. To the north of the pass is Bichhari village in the Naltar valley in Gilgit district. To the south of the pass is the village Sherqila on the Gilgit river in the Ghizer district.

Ghizer district
Ghizer District (Urdu: ضلع غذر) is a district of the Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan region in the disputed Kashmir region.  It is one of the 14 districts of Gilgit-Baltistan. The former Ghizer District that existed from 1974 to 2019 spanned the entire upper Gilgit River Valley (also known as the Ghizer River Valley). In 2019, the former district was divided into the Gupis-Yasin District in the west and the present, smaller Ghizer District in the east. Less than 13.5% of the district consists of alpine pastures, with over 83% of remaining area being barren or permanently snow covered.
KYIX
KYIX (104.9 FM) is a repeater station for the Air1 Radio Network based in Chico, California and licensed to South Oroville, California.  It is owned by Butte Broadcasting Company, Inc., which owns and operates sister station KKXX.

KKXX (AM)
KKXX (930 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format. Licensed to Paradise, California, United States, the station serves the Chico area. The station is currently owned by Butte Broadcasting Company, Inc. and features programming from Salem Communications.
Monchegorsk constituency
The Monchegorsk constituency (No.115) was a Russian legislative constituency in the Murmansk Oblast in 1993–2003. It covered western Murmansk Oblast. The constituency was last occupied by United Russia deputy and Regions of Russia faction member Igor Chernyshenko, former Deputy Governor of Murmansk Oblast, who won a by-election in 2000.

The constituency was dissolved in 2003 due to declining population in Murmansk Oblast, which resulted in Monchegorsk constituency being merged with Murmansk constituency.

Murmansk constituency
The Murmansk constituency (No.128) is a Russian legislative constituency in Murmansk Oblast. The constituency encompasses the entire territory of Magadan Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Tatyana Kusayko, former Senator and pediatrician, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Alexey Veller after the latter successfully sought in Yeniseysk constituency.
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a medical condition arising from the underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the optic nerve(s). This condition is the most common congenital optic nerve anomaly.  The optic disc appears abnormally small because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. It is often associated with endocrinopathies (hormone deficiencies), developmental delay, and brain malformations. The optic nerve, responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain, has approximately 1.2 million nerve fibers in the average person. In those diagnosed with ONH, however, there are noticeably fewer nerves.

Septo-optic dysplasia
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), known also as de Morsier syndrome, is a rare congenital malformation syndrome that features a combination of the underdevelopment of the optic nerve, pituitary gland dysfunction, and absence of the septum pellucidum (a midline part of the brain).
Two or more of these features need to be present for a clinical diagnosis—only 30% of patients have all three. French-Swiss doctor Georges de Morsier first recognized the relation of a rudimentary or absent septum pellucidum with hypoplasia of the optic nerves and chiasm in 1956.
Kasai River
The Kasai River (Swahili: Mto Kasai, French: Kasaï [ka.sa.i]; called Cassai in Angolan Portuguese) is a left bank tributary of the Congo River, located in Central Africa. The river begins in central Angola and flows to the east until it reaches the border between Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it turns north and serves as the border until it flows into the DRC. From Ilebo, between the confluences with Lulua river and Sankuru river, the Kasai river turns to a westerly direction. The lower stretch of the river, from the confluence with Fimi river until it joins the Congo at Kwamouth northeast of Kinshasa, is also known as the Kwa(h) River.

The Kasai basin consists mainly of equatorial rainforest areas, which provide an agricultural land in a region noted for its infertile, sandy soil. It is a tributary of Congo river and diamonds are found in it. Around 60% of diamonds in Belgium go from Kasai river for cutting and shaping.

Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border
The Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border is 2,646 km (1,644 mi) in length and consists of two non-contiguous sections: a 225 km (140 mi) section along the border with Angola's province of Cabinda, running from the Atlantic Ocean to the tripoint with the Republic of Congo, and a much longer 2,421 km (1,504 mi) section running from the Atlantic to the tripoint with Zambia.
Fleming, Northern Territory
Fleming is a town and locality in the Northern Territory of Australia located about 162 kilometres (101 mi) south of the territory's capital of Darwin.

The locality is named after the town, which was named after the brothers, Jim and Mike Fleming, who are considered to be the first pastoralists in this part of the Northern Territory.  Part of the town was established on land partly located in the former Oolloo Station pastoral lease established by Jim Fleming in 1907.  The town was gazetted on 20 March 1996 and the locality was gazetted on 4 April 2007.

For the 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016, the population of the locality of Fleming (if any) was counted with that in the surrounding locality of Douglas-Daly to find that 238 people were living within the two localities.

Fleming is located within the federal division of Lingiari, the territory electoral division of Daly and the local government area of the Victoria Daly Shire.

Victoria Daly Regional Council
The Victoria Daly Regional Council is a local government area in the Northern Territory of Australia. The shire covers an area of 153,287 square kilometres (59,184 sq mi) and had a population of 3,138 in June 2018.
Furnes, Norway
Furnes is a village in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located just west of the European route E6 highway, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the town of Hamar to the southeast and the same distance from Brumunddal to the northwest. Furnes Church is located in the village. It was built in 1707 using some of the stone from the Cathedral Ruins in Hamar.

This village was the administrative centre of the old Furnes Municipality that existed from 1891 until 1964.

Ringsaker Municipality
Ringsaker (pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Brumunddal. Other settlements in Ringsaker include the town of Moelv and the villages of Furnes, Kvål, Kylstad, Mesnali, Nydal, Rudshøgda, Stavsjø, Tingnes, and Byflaten.

The 1,280-square-kilometre (490 sq mi) municipality is the 77th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Ringsaker Municipality is the 30th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 35,911. The municipality's population density is 28.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.4% over the previous 10-year period.
The Yankee Clipper (film)
The Yankee Clipper is a 65-minute 1927 American silent adventure film directed by Rupert Julian. It is set against the maritime rivalry between the United States and Great Britain in the mid-19th century.

Junior Coghlan
Frank Coghlan Jr. (March 15, 1916 – September 7, 2009), also known as Junior Coghlan, was an American actor who later became a career officer in the United States Navy and a naval aviator. He appeared in approximately 129 films and television programs between 1920 and 1974.

During the 1920s and 1930s, he became a popular child and juvenile actor, appearing in films with Pola Negri, Jack Dempsey, William Haines, Shirley Temple, Mickey Rooney, William Boyd and Bette Davis. Although he appeared in early Our Gang comedies, he is best known for the role of Billy Batson in the 1941 motion picture serial and first comic book superhero film, Adventures of Captain Marvel.

Coghlan later served 23 years as an aviator and officer in the U.S. Navy, from 1942 to 1965. After retiring from the Navy, he returned to acting and appeared in television, films, and commercials. He published an autobiography in 1992 and died in 2009 at age 93.
Pathrusim
Pathrusim together with Casluhim were descendants of Mizraim (i.e., Egypt) according to the genealogies in Genesis, who inhabited Pathros (i.e., Upper Egypt).

In Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch, the Sa'idi people (i.e. the people of Upper Egypt) are listed in the position of the Casluhim in Genesis 10:14, while Albiyim is listed in the position of Pathrusim, however the ordering of Casluhim and Pathrusim sometimes vary in translations  and the mainstream understanding is that it is the Pathrusim who are the Sahidic people and the Casluhim the people of eastern Libya.

In the Book of Jasher, the Pathrusim and Casluhim intermarried resulting in the Pelishtim, Azathim, Gerarim, Githim and Ekronim.

Mizraim
Mizraim (Hebrew: מִצְרַיִם / מִצְרָיִם, Modern Mīṣrayīm [mitsˈʁajim] Tiberian Mīṣrāyīm / Mīṣráyīm [misˤˈrɔjim] \ [misˤˈrajim]; cf. Arabic: مصر, romanized: Miṣr) is the Hebrew and Aramaic name for the land of Egypt and its people.
4th meridian west
The meridian 4° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 4th meridian west forms a great circle with the 176th meridian east.

176th meridian east
The meridian 176° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, New Zealand, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 176th meridian east forms a great circle with the 4th meridian west.
Tatyana Baramzina
Tatyana Nikolayevna Baramzina (Russian: Татья́на Никола́евна Барамзина́; 19 December 1919 – 5 July 1944) was a Soviet sniper and telephone operator in World War II who was posthumously awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union on 24 March 1945 for her self-sacrifice to defend wounded Red Army soldiers.

A volunteer, she chose to be part of a risky early landing operation to block German forces from using a strategic road in Belarus in the early phase of Operation Bagration. After her landing group suffered heavy casualties she had the option of hiding in a rye field to wait for reinforcements, but chose instead to stay behind and defend a dugout of wounded soldiers.

Central Women's Sniper Training School
The Central Women's Sniper Training School (Russian: Центральная женская школа снайперской подготовки) was a Soviet military school for training female snipers for battle in the Second World War, more commonly referred to as the Great Patriotic War among Soviet Troops. Throughout the war the school trained 1061 snipers and 407 sniper instructors. The school yielded several highly successful snipers who became decorated veterans, and two graduates were posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Stiliger
Stiliger is a genus of small and minute sacoglossan or sap-sucking sea slugs. They are marine gastropod mollusks in the family Limapontiidae.

They somewhat resemble nudibranchs, but are not closely related to them. They are a rich green in color, caused by the green algae they eat.

Limapontiidae
Limapontiidae is a taxonomic family of small to minute sacoglossan sea slugs. These are marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks.

These sea slugs resemble nudibranchs, but are not closely related to them. Most of the species are green because of the green algae they eat and live on.

In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the former family Stiligeridae is described as a synonym of the family Limapontiidae Gray, 1847, belonging to the superfamily Limapontioidea Jensen, 1996.

This family has no subfamilies.
Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research
Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research (SVNIRTAR) is an autonomous institute functioning under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment of India. It is located in Olatpur, 30 km from Cuttack.

Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is a Government of India ministry. It is responsible for welfare, social justice and empowerment of disadvantaged and marginalised sections of society, including scheduled castes (SC), Other Backward Classes (OBC), LGBT people, the disabled, the elderly, and the victims of drug abuse. It also helps in the enforcement of legislation with regards to these marginalized groups to better enforce anti-discrimination policies.

The Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is Virendra Kumar, who is assisted by two ministers of state, Ramdas Athawale and B. L. Verma.
West Las Vegas High School
West Las Vegas High School (WLVHS) is a public senior high school in Las Vegas, New Mexico and the only such high school in the West Las Vegas Schools District. Founded in 1947, it is the oldest high school in the city.

The mascot of WLVHS is the Don, and the school's colors are Green and Gold. As of 2022, enrollment at the school is 413 students.

The boundary of the school district, effectively that of the high school, includes western Las Vegas and Pueblo, Ribera, San Jose, Sena, Tecolote, and Villanueva.

Las Vegas, New Mexico
Las Vegas is a city in the state of New Mexico in the United States. It is the county seat of San Miguel County. Las Vegas was once two separate municipalities, one named West Las Vegas ("Old Town") and one named East Las Vegas ("New Town"). They were separated by the Gallinas River and still retain distinct characters and separate school districts. Las Vegas is home to New Mexico Highlands University.

The city's population was 13,166 at the official 2020 census.
Council of Flanders
The Council of Flanders (Dutch: Raad van Vlaanderen, French: Conseil de Flandres), primarily sitting in the Gravensteen in Ghent from 1407, was a court of law operating under the authority of the Count of Flanders and exercising jurisdiction throughout the County of Flanders.

Willem van Pamele
Guillaume de Pamele or Willem van Pamele (1528–1591) was a royal office-holder in the Habsburg Netherlands during the Dutch Revolt. He served as president of the Council of Flanders and of the Privy Council of the Habsburg Netherlands.
Kokiborou
Kokiborou is a town and arrondissement in the Alibori Department of northeastern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Banikoara. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 3,790.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Lake Ontario
Lake Ontario (French: Lac Ontario) is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the U.S. state of New York. The Canada–United States border spans the centre of the lake. On the Canadian side, the major cities are Kingston, Mississauga, Toronto, Hamilton, and St. Catharines. On the American side, the major cities are Rochester and Watertown.

The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River, comprising the western end of the Saint Lawrence Seaway. Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The Long Sault control dam, primarily along with the Moses-Saunders Power Dam regulates the water level of the lake.

The name Ontarí'io is most often translated from Huron as "beautiful lake", but other translations exist.

Engagements on Lake Ontario
British and American forces fought several engagements on Lake Ontario for control of the lake during the War of 1812. Ultimately, only a few actions were fought, none of which had decisive results. The contest essentially became a naval building race, sometimes referred to sarcastically as the "Battle of the Carpenters".