hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R v Headteacher and Governors of Denbigh High School, ex p Begum
R (Begum) v Governors of Denbigh High School [2006] is a House of Lords case on the legal regulation of religious symbols and dress under the Human Rights Act 1998.

The case involved Shabina Begum, a Muslim pupil at Denbigh High School in Luton, UK, who sued her school. Begum opposed the schools requirement that she wear the shalwar kameez-style Denbigh school uniform instead of a longer, looser Muslim gown (a jilbāb), on the grounds that the uniform was not compliant with  Sharia law.  Begum lost her case in the High Court, won on appeal to the Court of Appeal, but then lost in March 2006 when the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords unanimously overturned the first appeal.

Jilbāb
The term jilbāb (also jilbaab, jubbah or jilaabah) (Arabic: جِلْبَاب) refers to any long and loose-fit coat or outer garment worn by Muslim women. Wearers believe that this definition of jilbāb fulfills the Quranic choice for a hijab. The jilbāb is also known as chador by Persian speakers in Iran and Afghanistan. The modern jilbāb covers the entire body except the face and hands. Some women will also cover the hands with gloves and the face along with a niqāb.
1972 Dahomeyan coup d'état
The 1972 Dahomeyan coup d'état was a military coup staged on 26 October 1972 by Major (later General) Mathieu Kérékou, who took control of the Republic of Dahomey and ended a system of government established following the annulled 1970 presidential election, in which three members of the Presidential Council (Hubert Maga, Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin and Sourou-Migan Apithy) were to rotate in power. Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin served as the Chairman at the time of the coup.

Republic of Dahomey
The Republic of Dahomey (French: République du Dahomey; pronounced [daɔmɛ]), simply known as Dahomey (Fon: Danhomè, lit. 'Belly of the Snake'), was established on 4 December 1958, as a self-governing colony within the French Community. Prior to attaining autonomy, it had been French Dahomey, part of the French Union. On 1 August 1960, it attained full independence from France.

In 1975, the country was renamed Benin after the Bight of Benin (which was in turn named after the Kingdom of Benin which had its seat of power in Benin City, modern-day Nigeria), since "Benin" was deemed politically neutral for all ethnic groups in the state, whereas "Dahomey" recalled the Fon-dominated Kingdom of Dahomey.
Pomieczyno Małe
Pomieczyno Małe [pɔmjɛˈt͡ʂɨnɔ ˈmawɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przodkowo, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Up until 1998, Pomieczyno belonged to the Gdansk Voivodeship.

Gmina Przodkowo
Gmina Przodkowo (Kashubian: Przedkòwò) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Przodkowo, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Kartuzy and 23 km (14 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 85.39 square kilometres (33.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,950.
Hexol
In chemistry, hexol is a cation with formula {[Co(NH3)4(OH)2]3Co}6+ — a coordination complex consisting of four cobalt cations in oxidation state +3, twelve ammonia molecules NH3, and six hydroxy anions HO−, with a net charge of +6.  The hydroxy groups act as bridges between the central cobalt atom and the other three, which carry the ammonia ligands.

Salts of hexol, such as the sulfate {[Co(NH3)4(OH)2]3Co}(SO4)3(H2O)x, are of historical significance as the first synthetic non-carbon-containing chiral compounds.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
United East Conference
The United East Conference, formerly known as the North Eastern Athletic Conference (NEAC), is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division III.

Member institutions are located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Keystone College
Keystone College is a private college in northeastern Pennsylvania, United States. Although the college's official mailing address is La Plume, Pennsylvania in Lackawanna County, much of the campus is in Factoryville in Wyoming County. It was founded in 1868 and enrolls approximately 1,200 students in around 40 undergraduate and graduate degree programs. In November 2024, following over a decade of enrollment and revenue decreases, the college's accreditor, by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE), planned to withdraw its accreditation, but the decision on an exact withdrawal date is now subject to an appeal.
Guitar Mashing
Guitar Mashing is the second studio album produced by session guitarist and multi instrumentalist and composer Tim Scott, first released on 26 November 2008.

The album artwork features a fictional dictionary definition for the term Guitar Mashing which was in part derived from the official Oxford English Dictionary definitions for the words Guitar and Mash but heavily distorted for use as a propaganda tool to assist in marketing the album's unusual genre.

The album was recorded and mixed at Acer Studios in Greater Manchester by Tim Scott and was mastered by Geoff Pesche at Abbey Road Studios, London.

Acer Studios
Acer Studios is the personal project studio of the recording artist Tim Scott, located in Hazel Grove, Greater Manchester, England. It was established in November 2002.

Initially set up for the recording and release of Tim Scott's debut album Bald on the Inside in 2003, and as a front to administer the publishing and distribution rights of Tim Scott's solo compositions.

The favourable U.K. Guitar press reviews of Bald on the Inside gave opportunity for Scott to work alongside BBC Radio 1 DJ Judge Jules on the track "Puesta Del Sol" for Judge Jules debut artist album Proven Worldwide. While the initial idea was recorded at Jules studio in London, the final guitar tracks were subsequently re-recorded at Acer Studios.

The studio and the label interests were separated when the label name was changed to Acer Records, in order to separate the label and the underlying core company in 2008, by the release of Scott's second album Guitar Mashing.
Podsokołów
Podsokołów [pɔtsɔˈkɔwuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolimów, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north of Bolimów, 16 km (10 mi) north of Skierniewice, and 59 km (37 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Bolimów
Gmina Bolimów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Bolimów, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of Skierniewice and 58 km (36 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 112.21 square kilometres (43.3 sq mi), and as of 2006, its total population was 4,026.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Bolimów Landscape Park.
Nematus ribesii
Nematus ribesii is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. English names include common gooseberry sawfly and imported currantworm. This insect is best known as a pest of gooseberries. The larvae feed on the foliage of the plant, often defoliating it completely.

Like all sawflies, this species is a hymenopteran, not a true fly. This insect can produce three generations per year, with larvae emerging between April and September. It differs in this respect from Nematus leucotrochus, the pale-spotted gooseberry sawfly, which has a single generation. The female sawfly lays eggs on the undersides of the leaves and the larvae work their way upwards, stripping the plant of foliage. The larva of this species of sawfly is up to 2 centimeters long and green in color with a black head and black spots along the body. The adult is yellowish with black markings, the females slightly larger than the males.

Gooseberry
Gooseberry (/ˈɡuːsbɛri/ GOOSS-berr-ee or /ˈɡuːzbɛri/ GOOZ-berr-ee (American and northern British) or /ˈɡʊzbəri/ GUUZ-bər-ee (southern British)) is a common name for many species of Ribes (which also includes currants), as well as a large number of plants of similar appearance, and also several unrelated plants (see List of gooseberries). The berries of those in the genus Ribes (sometimes placed in the genus Grossularia) are edible and may be green, orange, red, purple, yellow, white, or black.
Chéri-Bibi (1955 film)
Chéri-Bibi is a 1955 French-Italian adventure drama film directed by Marcello Pagliero and starring Jean Richard, Lea Padovani and Danielle Godet. It is based on the 1916 novel Chéri-Bibi and Cécily by Gaston Leroux. It was shot at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome and on location around Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Franco Lolli. It was filmed in Ferraniacolor.

Chéri-Bibi and Cécily
Chéri-Bibi and Cécily (French: Chéri-Bibi et Cécily) is a 1916 adventure thriller novel by the French writer Gaston Leroux. A serial novel, it was the second of four works featuring the character of Chéri-Bibi.
Plastic Jesus (novella)
"Plastic Jesus" is a novella by American writer Poppy Z. Brite, published by Subterranean Press in 2000. The story concerns Seth Grealy and Peyton Masters, frontmen of the rock and roll band The Kydds. Seth and Peyton fall deeply in love, and publicly come out after the Stonewall riots. The relationship helps foster tolerance of homosexuality but leads to a backlash and the dissolution of the band. Years later, Seth is murdered by a homophobe. The story closely parallels the career of The Beatles, with Seth and Peyton standing in for John Lennon and Paul McCartney.

A Beatles fan since his teenage years, Brite initially intended Plastic Jesus as a novel before rewriting it as a novella. He anticipated that the novella's themes might upset some Beatles fans. Plastic Jesus has been classified as a roman à clef, an alternate history, and a slash fiction. The book received mixed reviews from critics.

Poppy Z. Brite
William Joseph Martin (born May 25, 1967), formerly Poppy Z. Brite, is an American author. He initially achieved fame in the gothic horror genre of literature in the early 1990s by publishing a string of successful novels and short story collections. He is best known for his novels Lost Souls (1992), Drawing Blood (1993), and Exquisite Corpse (1996). His later work moved into the genre of dark comedy, with many stories set in the New Orleans restaurant world. Martin's novels are typically standalone books but may feature recurring characters from previous novels and short stories. Much of his work features openly bisexual and gay characters.
4th Arabian Gulf Cup
The 4th Arabian Gulf Cup (Arabic: دورة كأس الخليج العربي الرابعة) was the fourth edition of the Arabian Gulf Cup. The tournament was held in Doha, Qatar and was won by the three-time defending champions Kuwait. The tournament took place between 26 March and 15 April 1976. All matches were played at the Khalifa Sports City Stadium.

Iraq took part in the competition for the first time. Both Iraq and Kuwait finished level on points and goal difference in the round-robin group stage; thus, a play-off final was held to determine the champion. Kuwait defeated Iraq 4–2 in the final to win their fourth title in a row.

The number of teams was increased from six to seven and the format of the competition was changed back to the original format used in 1970 and 1972.

Kuwait national football team
The Kuwait national football team (Arabic: منتخب الكويت لكرة القدم, romanized: muntakhab alkuayt likurat alqadam) represents Kuwait in international football and it is controlled by the Kuwait Football Association. Kuwait made its only FIFA World Cup appearance in 1982 and managed to get one draw in the group stage against Czechoslovakia. In the AFC Asian Cup, Kuwait reached the final in 1976 and won the tournament four years later in 1980.

The Kuwait national football team has faced multiple suspensions by FIFA due to governmental interference and failure to comply with regulations, notably in 2007, 2008, and 2015. These suspensions, which were later lifted after legal reforms, caused the team to miss major tournaments, including the 2018 FIFA World Cup and 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers, and led to a significant drop in the country's FIFA World Rankings. In 2017, following the lifting of its suspension, Kuwait hosted the Gulf Cup.
Hotel Norton
Hotel Norton is a historic hotel building located in Norton, Virginia. It was built in 1921, and is a six-story Colonial Revival style building consisting of a cut sandstone base, brick middle, and a deep stone and wood entablature.  The interior features a two-story lobby with a decorative mezzanine level balcony. The hotel was abandoned in the 1970s and 1980s and subsequently acquired by the City of Norton for redevelopment.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Norton, Virginia
Norton is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, located in the far western tip of the state and surrounded by Wise County, Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,687, making it the least populous city in Virginia. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Norton with surrounding Wise County for statistical purposes.
Vanishing Son
Vanishing Son is an American action television series that was part of Universal Television's Action Pack. Starting as a series of four television films in 1994, the full series of 13 episodes debuted in  syndication on January 16, 1995. Vanishing Son I, Vanishing Son II, Vanishing Son III, and Vanishing Son IV aired on February 28, July 18, July 25, and October 10, 1994, respectively. The series is regarded as one of the first American dramatic TV series to feature an Asian lead.

Vivian Wu
Vivian Wu (née Wu Junmei; Chinese: 邬君梅; born February 5, 1966) is a Chinese-born American actress. Starring in a variety of North American and Chinese productions, her big break came in 1987, when she appeared in the biographical film The Last Emperor. She later went to starring in films Iron & Silk (1990), The Guyver (1991), Heaven & Earth (1993), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III (1993), The Joy Luck Club (1993), and most notably playing the leading roles in The Pillow Book (1996) and The Soong Sisters (1997). In 2020, she starred as Dr. Lu Wang in the Netflix science fiction drama series Away, while in 2023, she portrayed Vivian Zhu in the Apple TV+ murder mystery comedy series The Afterparty.
1984 Guatemalan Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Guatemala on 1 July 1984. Although the Guatemalan Christian Democracy received the most votes, an alliance of the National Liberation Movement and Nationalist Authentic Centre emerged as the largest bloc with 23 of the 88 seats. Voter turnout was 78%.

National Liberation Movement (Guatemala)
The National Liberation Movement (Spanish: Movimiento de Liberación Nacional, MLN) was a Guatemalan political party formed in 1954 by Carlos Castillo Armas. The party served as political platform for the military junta.
Vyshnivets Palace
The Vyshnivets Palace (Ukrainian: Вишнівецький палац) or the Wiśniowiecki Palace (Polish: Pałac Wiśniowieckich) is located in the rural settlement of Vyshnivets, near the city of Zbarazh in western Ukraine's Ternopil Oblast. Historically, it was the main residence of the Wiśniowiecki princely family, who took their name from the town.

Zbarazh
Zbarazh (Ukrainian: Збараж, IPA: [ˈzbɑrɐʒ] ⓘ; Polish: Zbaraż; Yiddish: זבאריזש, romanized: Zbarizh) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historic region of Galicia. Zbarazh hosts the administration of Zbarazh urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 13,346 (2022 estimate).

Zbarazh is one of the settings of Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel With Fire and Sword (1884) in which he gives a detailed description of the famous Siege of Zbarazh. Notable Jewish residents included Rabbi Zev Wolf of Zbaraz, the singer Velvel Zbarjer and the author Ida Fink.
Fredric Abbott
Fredric William Abbott (16 October 1928 – 10 July 1996) was an Australian stage, film and television actor.

Of Irish descent, Abbott was born a fifth-generation Australian in Newtown, Sydney and was educated at Newtown Boys High School. His career began in the late 1950s at Doris Fitton's Independent Theatre in North Sydney.

His TV appearances include Z-Cars (1962), The Avengers (1963), The Saint (1963-8), Danger Man (1965-6), The Baron (1966),
The Prisoner (1967) episode Do Not Forsake Me Oh My Darling, Man in a Suitcase (1968), Department S (1969), The Champions (1969), The Troubleshooters (1971), Special Branch (1974), and The Flying Doctors (1985). His film appearances include Fun and Games (1971), Tower of Evil (1972), Mistress Pamela (1974) and Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978).

He died in 1996 after an 18-month-long battle with cancer.

Mistress Pamela
Mistress Pamela is a 1973 British sex comedy drama film directed by Jim O'Connolly and starring Ann Michelle, Dudley Foster, Anna Quayle and Anthony Sharp. It was written by O'Connolly loosely based on the 1740 novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded by Samuel Richardson.
Minority Leader (Cambodia)
The Minority Leader (Khmer: ប្រធានក្រុមភាគតិច), or the Leader of the Opposition, leads the largest political party not in government in the National Assembly of Cambodia. The Minority Leader acts as a dialogue partner of the Prime Minister, and the Majority Leader. The official minority party must secure at least 25% of the total seats in Parliament.

The role was officially recognized by Parliament in November 2014, making Sam Rainsy the first official Minority Leader. However, prior to this, Rainsy had often been viewed as the de facto Leader of the Opposition.

As in nearly every parliamentary democracy around the world, the Minority Leader comes from the political party with the largest number of seats in the Parliament yet is not in government. The Minority Leader is often seen as a Prime Minister-in-waiting.

The position was abolished by Parliament on 31 January 2017.

Leader of the Opposition
The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the opposition is typically seen as an alternative prime minister (or other similar office, such as premier, minister-president, first minister, or chief minister) to the incumbent; in the Westminster system, they head a rival alternative government known as the shadow cabinet or opposition front bench. The same term is also used to refer to the leader of the largest political party that is not in government in subnational state, provincial, and other regional and local legislatures.

The full title for the Leader of the Opposition is the Leader of His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition in the United Kingdom and in many Commonwealth realms.
Listed buildings in Normanton, Derby
Normanton is an electoral ward in the city of Derby, England.  The ward contains five listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The ward contains Normanton, originally a village, later a suburb to the south of the centre of the city.  The listed buildings consist of houses, cottages and a war memorial.

Normanton, Derby
Normanton is an inner city suburb and ward of the city of Derby in Derbyshire, England, situated approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the city centre. Neighbouring suburbs include Littleover, Pear Tree, Rose Hill and Sunny Hill. The original village of Normanton-by-Derby, which now forms the southern part of the suburb, dates back to the medieval period. As the Normanton area became rapidly urbanised in the 19th century, the New Normanton area to the north was developed for housing, linking the old village to Derby, into which it was eventually absorbed. The area is characterised by high density late 19th century terraced housing in New Normanton and mid-20th century housing estates elsewhere, and has the most ethnically diverse population in Derby. The Normanton ward had a population of 17,071 in 2011.
I Stole a Million
I Stole a Million is a 1939 film noir crime film starring George Raft as a cab driver turned small-time crook who makes a big score and lives to regret it. The supporting cast includes Claire Trevor, Dick Foran, and Victor Jory. The movie was written by Nathanael West based on a story idea by Lester Cole, which in turn was based on the life story of bank robber Roy Gardner. It was directed by Frank Tuttle, and released by Universal Pictures.

George Raft
George Raft (né Ranft; September 26, 1901 – November 24, 1980) was an American film actor and dancer identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas of the 1930s and '40s. A stylish leading man in dozens of movies, Raft is remembered for his gangster roles in Quick Millions (1931) with Spencer Tracy, Scarface (1932) with Paul Muni, Each Dawn I Die (1939) with James Cagney, Invisible Stripes (1939) with Humphrey Bogart, and Billy Wilder's comedy Some Like It Hot (1959) with Marilyn Monroe and Jack Lemmon; and as a dancer in Bolero (1934) with Carole Lombard and a truck driver in They Drive by Night (1940) with Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino and again with Bogart.

Raft's association with organized crime figures resulted in controversy throughout his life, and led to a ban from Great Britain in 1967.
2003 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy
The 2003 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 11th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy for women. It was held from 29 November to 7 December 2003 in Sydney, Australia.

Australia won the tournament for a record sixth time after defeating China 3–2 in the final.

England women's national field hockey team
The England women's national field hockey team are the current Commonwealth Games champions having previously won silver 3 times. England have also won the 2006 Women's Field Hockey World Cup Qualifier and the 2002 Champions Challenge.
Macadam Bumper
Macadam Bumper (also released as Pinball Wizard) is a video pinball simulation construction set developed by ERE Informatique in France. It was first released for 8-bit computers in 1985, the Atari ST in 1986 and MS-DOS in 1987. The Atari ST and MS-DOS versions were released in the US as Pinball Wizard in 1988 by Accolade.

ERE Informatique
ERE Informatique was one of the first French video game companies, founded in 1983 by Emmanuel Viau, joined a year later by Philippe Ulrich. The company hired freelance game programmers that received royalties for their creations.
Aire and Candeeiros Ranges Natural Park
The Aire and Candeeiros Ranges Natural Park (in Portuguese, Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e Candeeiros, or PNSAC) is a natural park in the Central-West region of Portugal. It occupies an area of 383.9 km2 (148.2 sq mi) and is the most important limestone deposit in Portugal, with a variety of geological formations and climate associated with karst geomorphology and topography, such as underground caves and sinkholes. It was designated a protected area in 1979 with the intent to preserve its natural aspects, and the architectonic and cultural heritage linked to the local human populations.

Protected areas of Portugal
The Protected areas of Portugal (Portuguese: Áreas protegidas de Portugal) are classified under a legal protection statute that allows for the adequate protection and maintenance of biodiversity, while providing services for ecosystem that maintains the natural and geological patrimony.