hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Attributable fraction among the exposed
In epidemiology, attributable fraction among the exposed (AFe) is the proportion of incidents in the exposed group that are attributable to the risk factor. The term attributable risk percent among the exposed is used if the fraction is expressed as a percentage. It is calculated as , where  is the incidence in the exposed group,  is the incidence in the unexposed group, and  is the relative risk.

It is used when an exposure increases the risk, as opposed to reducing it, in which case its symmetrical notion is preventable fraction among the unexposed.

Preventable fraction among the unexposed
In epidemiology, preventable fraction among the unexposed (PFu), is the proportion of incidents in the unexposed group that could be prevented by exposure. It is calculated as , where  is the incidence in the exposed group,  is the incidence in the unexposed group, and  is the relative risk. It is a synonym of the relative risk reduction.

It is used when an exposure reduces the risk, as opposed to increasing it, in which case its symmetrical notion is attributable fraction among the exposed.
Rosemary A. Bailey
Rosemary A. Bailey FRSE (born 1947) is a British statistician who works in the design of experiments and the analysis of variance and in related areas of combinatorial design, especially in association schemes. She has written books on the design of experiments, on association schemes, and on linear models in statistics.

Association scheme
The theory of association schemes arose in statistics, in the theory of experimental design for the analysis of variance. In mathematics, association schemes belong to both algebra and combinatorics. In algebraic combinatorics, association schemes provide a unified approach to many topics, for example combinatorial designs and the theory of error-correcting codes. In algebra, the theory of association schemes generalizes the character theory of linear representations of groups.
Mashan Broadcasting and Observation Station
The Mashan Broadcasting and Observation Station (traditional Chinese: 馬山觀測站; simplified Chinese: 马山观测站; pinyin: Mǎshān Guāncèzhàn) is a historical broadcasting station and observation tower in Jinsha Township, Kinmen County, Taiwan.

Jinsha, Kinmen
24°28′52″N 118°25′41″E﻿ / ﻿24.481109°N 118.427993°E﻿ / 24.481109; 118.427993

Jinsha Township (Kinsha) (Chinese: 金沙鎮; pinyin: Jīnshā Zhèn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kim-soa-tìn; lit. 'gold dust') is an urban township in the north-eastern corner of Greater Kinmen Island (Quemoy), Kinmen County, Fujian Province, Republic of China (Taiwan). It is in the Taiwan Strait, on the coast of mainland China.
Tampa Tushy Fest, Part 1
Tampa Tushy Fest, Part 1 is a 1999 American pornographic film directed by Seymore Butts (Adam Glasser) and starring Alisha Klass, Samantha Stylle, Montana Gunn, and Chloe Nicholle. It became a center of a legal case about obscenity in California. The film features fisting, a sexual act where a hand is inserted into a vagina or anus, which Los Angeles City attorney Deborah Sanchez considered an obscenity.

Fisting
Fisting (also known as fist fucking (FF) and handballing) is a sexual activity that involves inserting one or more hands into the rectum (anal fisting) or the vagina (vaginal fisting). Fisting may be performed on oneself (self-fisting) or performed on one person by another. People who engage in fisting are often called "fisters".

Fisters have developed a distinct subculture with its own history, norms, and values, including literature and clubs for sexual, social, and spiritual exploration.
Frankie Lymon
Franklin Joseph Lymon (September 30, 1942 – February 27, 1968) was an American rock and roll/rhythm and blues singer and songwriter, dancer and composer best known as the boy soprano lead singer of the New York City-based early rock and roll doo-wop group the Teenagers. The group was composed of five boys, all in their early to mid-teens. The original lineup of the Teenagers, an integrated group, included three African-American members, Lymon, Jimmy Merchant, and Sherman Garnes; and two Puerto Rican members, Joe Negroni and Herman Santiago. The Teenagers' first single, 1956's "Why Do Fools Fall in Love", was also their biggest hit. After Lymon went solo in mid-1957, both his career and that of the Teenagers fell into decline. In 1968, Lymon was found dead at age 25 from a heroin overdose. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993 as a member of the Teenagers. Lymon's life was dramatized in the 1998 film Why Do Fools Fall in Love.

Boy soprano
A boy soprano (British and especially North American English) or boy treble (only British English) is a young male singer with a voice  in the soprano range, a range that is often still called the treble voice range (in North America too) no matter how old.
Vnukovo International Airport
Vnukovo International Airport (Russian: Внуково, IPA: [ˈvnukəvə], Internal code: ВНК) (IATA: VKO, ICAO: UUWW), is a dual-runway international airport located in Vnukovo District, 28 km (17 mi) southwest of the centre of Moscow, Russia. It is one of the four major airports that serve Moscow, along with Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo and Zhukovsky.

In 2019, the airport handled 24.01 million passengers, representing an increase of 12% compared to the previous year. Vnukovo was the eleventh-busiest airport in Europe in 2021 but had a strong decline in traffic and dropped to 30th place in 2022 as a consequence of sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As of 2025 it is the 3rd busiest airport in Russia and Post-Soviet states as well as the 41th-busiest airport in Europe. The airport was formally named "Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport" after Andrei Tupolev.

Ilyushin Il-18
The Ilyushin Il-18 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-18; NATO reporting name: Coot) is a large turboprop airliner that first flew in 1957 and became one of the best known Soviet aircraft of its era. The Il-18 was one of the Soviet Union's principal airliners for several decades and was widely exported. Due to the aircraft's durability, many examples achieved over 45,000 flight hours and the type remains operational in both military and to a lesser extent in civilian capacities. The Il-18's successor was the longer-range Ilyushin Il-62.
Wrath of Empire
Wrath of Empire is a fantasy novel by American author Brian McClellan, the second book in the flintlock fantasy trilogy Gods of Blood and Powder. It was published by Orbit Books in 2018. The third and last book in the series, titled Blood of Empire, was released on December 3, 2019.

The Powder Mage trilogy
The Powder Mage trilogy is a series of epic fantasy novels written by American author Brian McClellan. It consists of the novels Promise of Blood (2013), The Crimson Campaign (2014) and The Autumn Republic (2015). In 2014, Promise of Blood received the Morningstar Award for Best Fantasy Newcomer. Several short stories and novellas set in the world of The Powder Mage trilogy have been published, as well as an additional trilogy called Gods of Blood and Powder.

In January 2021, Joseph Mallozzi announced that he would be writing and producing a television series based on the books with No Equal Entertainment and Frantic Films.
Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University
Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University (BNMU), also known as B. N. Mandal University, is a state university located at Laloo Nagar in Madhepura, Bihar, India. It was established on 10 January 1992 and is named after socialist leader Bhupendra Narayan Mandal. The university has jurisdiction over the districts of Madhepura, Saharsa, and Supaul, and offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programmes through its constituent and affiliated colleges.

Madhepura
Madhepura is a municipality in Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. It stands at the centre of the Kosi ravine. It was called Madhyapura- a place centrally situated, which was subsequently transformed into Madhipura, present Madhepura. It is surrounded by Araria and Supaul districts in the north, Khagaria and Bhagalpur districts in the south, Purnia district in the east and Saharsa district in the West. Baba Singheshwar Sthan, a famous Shiva temple and pilgrimage site, is located in Madhepura district and attracts devotees, especially during the month of Shravan.
Aeginetia
Aeginetia is a genus of plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae, native mostly to tropical Asia and also Cameroon (in Africa).

It is found within Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, southern China, East Himalaya, India, Japan, Jawa, Korea, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Guinea, Ogasawara-shoto, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.

The genus name of Aeginetia is in honour of Paul of Aegina (c. 625 – c. 690), a Byzantine Greek born physician best known for writing the medical encyclopedia, Medical Compendium in Seven Books. It was first described and published in Sp. Pl. on page 632 in 1753.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.
First Chief Directorate
The First Main Directorate (Russian: Пе́рвое гла́вное управле́ние, romanized: Pérvoye glávnoye upravléniye, IPA: [ˈpʲervəjə ˈɡɫavnəjə ʊprɐˈvlʲenʲɪje], lit. 'First Chief Directive') of the Committee for State Security under the USSR council of ministers (PGU KGB) was the organization responsible for foreign operations and intelligence activities by providing for the training and management of covert agents, intelligence collection administration, and the acquisition of foreign and domestic political, scientific and technical intelligence for the Soviet Union.

The First Chief Directorate was formed within the KGB directorate in 1954, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union became the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR RF).

The primary foreign intelligence service in Russia and the Soviet Union has been the GRU, a military intelligence organization and special operations force.

Aleksandr Panyushkin
Aleksandr Semyonovich Panyushkin (Russian: Александр Семёнович Панюшкин; 14 August 1905, Samara – 11 November 1974, Moscow) was Soviet ambassador to the United States (and simultaneously resident) from 1947, transferring in July 1952 to ambassador to China. He headed the First Chief Directorate (foreign intelligence) of the KGB from July 1953 to June 1955.
Sophia Junior College
Sophia University Junior College Division (上智大学短期大学部, Jōchi Daigaku Tanki Daigakubu) is a private junior college in Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan. It was founded in 1973 and since then it has admitted only females.

Due to population decline and the increasing popularity of four-year co-educational universities and colleges among female applicants, the college will suspend admissions after 2025, with the class admitted in 2024 being the last.

Hadano, Kanagawa
Hadano (秦野市, Hadano-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2021, the city had an estimated population of 163,787 and a population density of 1600 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 103.76 square kilometres (40.06 sq mi).
Bob Almond
Bob Almond (born January 4, 1967) is an American comic book inker whose credits include the Marvel Comics publications Warlock and the Infinity Watch, Black Panther and Annihilation: Conquest: Quasar. Almond is also known for his spearheading of the Inkwell Awards to honor comics inkers.

Inker
The inker (sometimes credited as the finisher or embellisher) is one of the two line artists in traditional American comic book production. In his seminal work Understanding Comics, cartoonist and theorist Scott McCloud categorizes the final execution of lines -- traditionally the domain of the inker -- as the "Surface" stage of the six-step creative process, noting that this is the aspect of the work most immediately apparent to the viewer.

After the penciller creates a drawing with pencil, the inker interprets this drawing by outlining and embellishing it with a pencil, an ink pen or a brush with black ink. Inking was necessary in the traditional printing process as presses could not reproduce pencilled drawings. Another specialist, the letterer, handles the "inking" of text and word balloons, while the colorist applies color to the final inked art submitted by the inker.
Sopwith Two-Seat Scout
The Sopwith Two-Seat Scout (or Type 880) was a 1910s British biplane Anti-Zeppelin scout biplane designed and built for the Admiralty by the Sopwith Aviation Company. It was nicknamed the Spinning Jenny due to a tendency to enter a spin.

Sopwith Aviation Company
The Sopwith Aviation Company was a British aircraft company that designed and manufactured aeroplanes mainly for the British Royal Naval Air Service, the Royal Flying Corps and later the Royal Air Force during the First World War, most famously the Sopwith Camel. Sopwith aircraft were also used in varying numbers by the French, Belgian and American air services during the war.

In April 1919, the company was renamed as the Sopwith Aviation & Engineering Company Limited. In September 1920, the company entered voluntary liquidation after an attempt to build motorcycles failed. The patents and other assets were bought by a new company, H. G. Hawker Engineering.
Radkan, Razavi Khorasan
Radkan (Persian: رادكان) is a village in, and the former capital of, Radkan Rural District in Radkan District of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district. It was the capital of the rural district until its capital was transferred to the village of Marichgan.

Radkan is known for its well-preserved traditional mud-brick houses and historical monuments, including a castle and caravanserai. The village is surrounded by mountains and is a destination for nature-lovers, hikers and photographers. Additionally, the village is known for its natural hot springs and mineral water.

Marichgan
Marichgan (Persian: مريچگان) is a village in, and the capital of, Radkan Rural District in Radkan District of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Radkan.
Borate mineral
The Borate Minerals are minerals which contain a borate anion group. The borate (BO3) units may be polymerised similar to the SiO4 unit of the silicate mineral class. This results in B2O5, B3O6, B2O4 anions as well as more complex structures which include hydroxide or halogen anions. The [B(O,OH)4]− anion exists as well.

Many borate minerals, such as borax, colemanite, and ulexite, are salts: soft, readily soluble, and found in evaporite contexts. However, some, such as boracite, are hard and resistant to weathering, more similar to the silicates.

There are over 100 different borate minerals. Borate minerals include:

Kernite Na2B4O6(OH)2·3H2O

Borax Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O

Ulexite NaCaB5O6(OH)6·5H2O

Colemanite CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O

Boracite Mg3B7O13Cl

Painite CaZrAl9O15(BO3)

Borate
A borate is any of a range of boron oxyanions, anions containing boron and oxygen, such as orthoborate BO3−3, metaborate BO−2, or tetraborate B4O2−7; or any salt of such anions, such as sodium metaborate, Na+[BO2]− and borax (Na+)2[B4O7]2−. The name also refers to esters of such anions, such as trimethyl borate B(OCH3)3.
Bulgaria women's national under-19 volleyball team
The Bulgaria women's national under-19 volleyball team represents Bulgaria in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches under the age 19 and it is ruled by the Bulgarian Volleyball Federation That is an affiliate of Federation of International Volleyball FIVB and also a part of European Volleyball Confederation CEV.

Bulgarian Volleyball Federation
Bulgarian Volleyball Federation (Bulgarian: Българска Федерация по Волейбол, Bŭlgarska Federatsiya po Voleĭbol) is the governing body of volleyball and beach volleyball in Bulgaria. Formed in 1947, it is based in Sofia. The BVF is a member of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) and the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV).
467th Light Combat Aviation Squadron
The 467th Light Combat Aviation Squadron (Serbo-Croatian: 467. eskadrila lake borbene avijacije / 467. ескадрила лаке борбене авијације) was an aviation squadron of Yugoslav Air Force formed by order from March 7, 1978, at Cerklje military air base as part of 82nd Aviation Brigade.

The squadron was formed with 467th Light Combat Aviation Squadron from 460th Light Combat Aviation Squadron equipment, domestic-made Soko J-20 Kraguj counter-insurgency aircraft. By order from November 1976, in 1978 the squadron has been dislocated to Brnik airfield and it was reattached to 5th Aviation Corps as an independent squadron.

Squadeon was disbanded by order from April 15, 1982.

245th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
The 245th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron (Serbo-Croatian: 245. lovačko-bombarderska avijacijska eskadrila / 245. ловачко-бомбардерска авоијацијска ескадрила) was an aviation squadron of Yugoslav Air Force formed in 1953 at Batajnica airfield as Training Squadron of 44th Aviation Division (Serbo-Croatian: Trenažna eskadrila 44. vazduhoplovne divizije / Тренажна ескадрила 44. ваздухопловне дивизије).
Pennsylvania Governor's Cup Stakes
The Pennsylvania Governor's Cup Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually at Penn National Race Course since 1973. The race was run in two divisions in 1973. It was a Grade III event from 1982 through 1989.

Race distances & surface:

1973–1979 : 1-1/16 miles on dirt

1979–2001 : 1-1/16 miles on turf

2002–2006 : 5 furlongs on turf

2007 : 5 furlongs on dirt

2008–present : 5 furlongs on turf

Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course
The Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course is a thoroughbred horse racing track and casino which is located in Grantville, Pennsylvania, 17 miles (27 km) east of Harrisburg. It is owned by Gaming and Leisure Properties and operated by Penn Entertainment.

This track is also home to Eclipse Special Award winner Rapid Redux and his trainer David J. Wells.
ORP Wicher (1928)
ORP Wicher, the lead ship of the Wicher class, was a Polish Navy destroyer. She saw combat in the Invasion of Poland, which began World War II in Europe. She was the flagship of the Polish Navy, sunk by German bombers on 3 September 1939.

Wicher-class destroyer
The Wicher-class destroyers were a series of destroyers that served in the Polish Navy during World War II. Two ships of this class were built for the Second Polish Republic by Chantiers Navals Français during the late 1920s. They were modified versions of the Bourrasque-class destroyers built for the French Navy.
Proto-Iroquoian language
Proto-Iroquoian is the theoretical proto-language of the Iroquoian languages. Lounsbury (1961) estimated from glottochronology a time depth of 3,500 to 3,800 years for the split of North and South Iroquoian.

At the time of early European contact, French explorers in the 16th century encountered villages along the St. Lawrence River, now associated with the St. Lawrence Iroquoian. Other better known northern tribes took over their territory and displaced them, and were later encountered by more French, European and English colonists. These tribes included the Huron and Neutral in modern-day Ontario, first encountered by French explorers and traders; the Five Nations of the Iroquois League in Upstate New York and Pennsylvania, and the Erie Nation and Susquehannock peoples in Pennsylvania.

Southern speakers of Iroquoian languages ranged from the Cherokee in the Great Smoky Mountains, to the Tuscarora and Nottoway in the interior near the modern Virginia/North Carolina border.

Iroquoian languages
The Iroquoian languages (/ɪ.rə.ˈkwɔɪ.ən/, ih-rə-KWOY-ən) or Ogwehoweh languages are a language family of indigenous peoples of North America. They are known for their general lack of labial consonants. The Iroquoian languages are polysynthetic and head-marking.

As of 2020, almost all surviving Iroquoian languages are severely or critically endangered, with some languages having only a few elderly speakers remaining. The two languages with the most speakers, Mohawk (Kenien'kéha) in New York and Canada, and Cherokee in Oklahoma and North Carolina, are spoken by less than 10% of the populations of their nations.
Penlee Battery
Penlee Battery is a nature reserve lying on the coastal headland of Penlee Point on the Rame Peninsula, in southeast Cornwall, England.

The site was formerly the location of a gun battery, constructed between 1889 and 1892. It was originally armed with two 6-inch BL guns and a 13.5-inch BL, the latter of which was the largest gun of the Plymouth defences. During World War I and II, the battery's armament was made up of three 9.2-inch guns.

After the dissolution of coast artillery in the United Kingdom in 1956 the battery was disarmed and disposed of by the War Office. Many parts of the battery were demolished and gun positions filled in during the 1970s. One of the 6-inch emplacements remains intact, while the battery's magazines remain underground, but are filled in.

It is home to a beach revealed at low tide, and is famous among dragonfly enthusiasts as the site where Britain's first Green Darner dragonfly was found, in 1998.

BL 13.5-inch Mk I – IV naval gun
The BL 13.5 inch naval gun Mk I ("67-ton gun") was Britain's first successful large breechloading naval gun, initially designed in the early 1880s and eventually deployed in the late 1880s. Mks I - IV were all of 30 calibres length and of similar construction and performance.
Anapa
Anapa (Russian: Анапа, Adyghe: Быгъуркъал, Bəġ˚rq̇al) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 81,863. It is one of the largest children's resorts in Russia.

In ancient times, Anapa was the site of a major seaport and a capital of the Sindi people. In the 6th century BCE, it was settled by Greeks, who called it Gorgippia. In later centuries, the settlement came under the control of Genoa and then the Ottoman Empire. In 1781, a fortress was constructed there, which became the site of multiple sieges during the Russo-Turkish wars. It was finally annexed by the Russian Empire in 1829, after several occupations.

Maria Skobtsova
Maria Skobtsova (20 [8 Old Calendar] December 1891 – 31 March 1945) was a Russian noblewoman, poet, nun, and member of the French Resistance during World War II.

Also known as Mother Maria, Saint Mary of Paris, or Mother Maria of Paris, she has been canonized a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and is remembered with a Lesser Feast in the Episcopal Church, the Anglican Church of Canada, and the Anglican Church of Australia.