hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Judith River Group
The Judith River Group is a group of geologic formations in western North America dating from the late Cretaceous and noted as a site for the extensive excavation of dinosaur fossils. The formation is named after the Judith River in Montana. The group is also called the Judith River Wedge. It is stratigraphically equivalent with the Belly River Group in Alberta.

It comprises the Judith River Formation in north central Montana, as well as the Foremost, Oldman, and Dinosaur Park formations in Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada. The wedge is exposed discontinuously in river drainages.

Oldman Formation
The Oldman Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage) age that underlies much of southern Alberta, Canada. It consists primarily of sandstones that were deposited in fluvial channel and floodplain environments.  It was named for exposures along the Oldman River between its confluence with the St. Mary River and the city of Lethbridge, and it is known primarily for its dinosaur remains and other fossils.
Aramaic inscription of Taxila
The Aramaic inscription of Taxila is an inscription on a piece of marble, originally belonging to an octagonal column, discovered by Sir John Marshall in 1915 at Taxila, British India. The inscription is written in Aramaic, probably by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka around 260 BCE, and often categorized as one of the Minor Rock Edicts. Since Aramaic was the official language of the Achaemenid Empire, which disappeared in 330 BCE with the conquests of Alexander the Great, it seems that this inscription was addressed directly to the populations of this ancient empire still present in northwestern India, or to border populations for which Aramaic remained the normal communication language. The inscription is known as KAI 273.

Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften
Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (in English, Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions), or KAI, is the standard source for the original text of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions not contained in the Hebrew Bible.

It was first published from 1960 to 1964 in three volumes by the German orientalists Herbert Donner and Wolfgang Röllig, and has been updated in numerous subsequent editions.

The work attempted to "integrate philology, palaeography and cultural history" in the commented re-editing of a selection of Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions, using the "pertinent source material for the Phoenician, Punic, Moabite, pre-exile-Hebrew and Ancient Aramaic cultures." Röllig and Donner had the support of William F. Albright in Baltimore, James Germain Février in Paris and Giorgio Levi Della Vida in Rome during the compilation of the first edition.
Kaya toast
Kaya toast is a dish consisting of two slices of toast with butter and kaya (coconut jam), commonly served alongside kopi and soft-boiled eggs. The dish was believed to be created by Hainanese immigrants to the Straits Settlements in the 19th century while serving on British ships at the Port of Singapore.

The dish is commonly consumed for breakfast or as a late afternoon snack. It became integrated into coffeeshop culture, being widely available in eating establishments such as kopi tiams, hawker centres, food courts and Singaporean café chains such as Ya Kun Kaya Toast, Killiney Kopitiam and Breadtalk's Toast Box.

Kopitiam
A kopitiam or kopi tiam is a type of coffee shop found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and Southern Thailand, patronised for meals and drinks, and traditionally operated by the Chinese communities of these countries.

The word kopi is the Indonesian and Malay term for 'coffee', while tiam derives from the Hokkien term for 'shop' (Chinese: 店; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàm).
Anson Carter
Anson Horace Carter (born June 6, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for eight teams from 1996 to 2007, most notably with the Boston Bruins, Edmonton Oilers and Vancouver Canucks. He was last active as a player with HC Lugano in the Swiss Nationalliga A. After retiring from professional hockey, he joined NBC Sports as an analyst and is now currently an analyst for NHL on TNT and MSG Network.

Carter is also the founder of Big Up Entertainment, a record label specializing in hip hop music. He attended high school at Agincourt Collegiate Institute and attended Michigan State University where he played at the college level. He is of Bajan descent.

1996 NHL entry draft
The 1996 NHL entry draft was the 34th NHL entry draft. It was held at the Kiel Center in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 22, 1996.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Zdeno Chara, who retired after the 2021–22 season.

It is considered one of the weakest NHL entry drafts ever, with just one (Chara, seven times) of the 241 players drafted ever being chosen for a year-end NHL All-Star team. Similarly, (as of 2025) Chara is the only player from this draft to be elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride
Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) is the organosulfur compound with the formula Et2NSF3. This liquid is a fluorinating reagent used for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds. The compound is colourless; older samples assume an orange colour.

Organofluorine chemistry
A: fluoromethane

B: isoflurane

C: a CFC

D: an HFC

E: triflic acid

F: Teflon

G: PFOS

H: fluorouracil

I: fluoxetine

Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of organofluorine compounds, organic compounds that contain a carbon–fluorine bond. Organofluorine compounds find diverse applications ranging from oil and water repellents to pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, and reagents in catalysis. In fact, "about 40% of new pharmaceuticals ... and 25% of all those on the market...  contain fluorine".

In addition to these applications, some organofluorine compounds are pollutants because of their contributions to ozone depletion, global warming, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The area of organofluorine chemistry often requires special techniques associated with the handling of fluorinating agents.
Swampy (environmentalist)
Daniel Marc Hooper (born 1973), known by the nickname Swampy, is a British environmental activist. He was involved in a number of environmental protests in the 1990s, becoming nationally famous after spending a week in a tunnel aiming to stop the expansion of the A30 in Fairmile, Devon, in 1996. In 2020, he was arrested attempting to stop the destruction of Jones Hill Wood for High Speed 2 (HS2) and then joined a Stop HS2 protest at Euston Square Gardens in London.

Fairmile, Devon
Fairmile is a hamlet in the English county of Devon. In the late 1990s, Fairmile became a focus of direct action protest activities, as squatters attempted to stop the construction of the A30 link road between Honiton and Exeter.
RCA Dome
The  RCA Dome (originally Hoosier Dome) was a domed stadium in Indianapolis. It was the home of the Indianapolis Colts NFL franchise for 24 seasons from 1984 to 2007.

It was completed at a cost of $77.5 million, as part of the Indiana Convention Center, with the costs split between private and public money. The largest crowd to attend an event at the Dome was 62,167 for WrestleMania VIII in 1992. It was demolished on December 20, 2008, as part of a project to expand the attached convention center.

2006–07 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 2006 season began on January 6, 2007. The postseason tournament concluded with the Indianapolis Colts defeating the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI, 29–17, on February 4, at Dolphin Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida.
Juno Awards
The Juno Awards (stylized as JUNOS), referred to as the Junos, are awards presented by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences to recognize outstanding achievements in Canada's music industry. They are the Canadian equivalent of the United States' Grammy Awards. Alongside the Canadian Screen Awards, they are considered one of the main annual Canadian entertainment award shows. New members of the Canadian Music Hall of Fame are also inducted as part of the awards ceremonies.

Juno Award for Contemporary Roots Album of the Year
The Juno Award for Contemporary Roots Album of the Year is presented annually at Canada's Juno Awards to honour the best album of the year in the contemporary roots and folk genre. Prior to 2016, awards for this genre were awarded in two categories: Roots & Traditional - Solo and Roots & Traditional - Group. Beginning with the 2016 ceremony, the solo and group categories were replaced with contemporary and traditional roots categories, to "ensure two genres of music are not competing against each other in the same category".
Boots (poem)
"Boots" is a poem by English author and poet Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936). It was first published in 1903, in his collection The Five Nations.

"Boots" imagines the repetitive thoughts of a British Army infantryman marching in South Africa during the Second Boer War. During the Advance on Pretoria in 1900, in which British troops marched more than 300 miles from Bloemfontein to Pretoria over the course of a month, averaging 11 miles a day, it was reported that many troops felt fatigued and extremely exhausted. During the latter half of the war, when the Boers had resorted to guerrilla warfare, the British would often go on long marches in an attempt to pursue them, often with no success, leading to further exhaustion. It has been suggested for the first four words of each line to be read slowly, at a rate of two words per second, to match with the cadence, or rhythm, of a foot soldier marching.

The Five Nations
The Five Nations, a collection of poems by English writer and poet Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936), was first published in late 1903, both in the United Kingdom  and the U.S.A.
Some of the poems were new; some had been published before (notably "Recessional"" in 1897), sometimes in different versions.
Braunweiler
Braunweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Rüdesheim, whose seat is in the municipality of Rüdesheim an der Nahe. Braunweiler is a winegrowing village.

Wallhausen, Rhineland-Palatinate
Wallhausen (German pronunciation: [ˈvalˌhaʊzn̩]) is a municipality in the district of Bad Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany.

The town is known for quaint, family-operated, wineries and its connectivity to walking paths around the Nahe wine region.
Derby, Vermont
Derby is a town in Orleans County, Vermont, United States. The population was 4,579 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous community in Orleans County. The town contains four unincorporated villages: Beebe Plain, Clyde Pond, Lake Salem, and North Derby, and two incorporated villages: Derby Center and Derby Line.

The northernmost town located along Interstate 91, the Town of Derby encompasses the largest area in Orleans County.

U.S. Route 5
U.S. Route 5 (US 5) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway running through the New England states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont. Significant cities along the route include New Haven, Connecticut; Hartford, Connecticut; and Springfield, Massachusetts. From Hartford northward to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, the road closely follows the route of the Connecticut River.

The entire route of US 5 is closely paralleled by Interstate 91 (I-91). US 5 now serves as the local business route and alternate route for the Interstate Highway. The northern terminus of US 5 is in Derby Line, Vermont, at the Canada–United States border, where it continues past the Derby Line–Stanstead Border Crossing into Quebec as Route 143, which was Route 5 until renumbered in the mid-1970s. Its southern terminus is in New Haven, Connecticut, at an intersection with I-91.
Galmoylestown Lower
Galmoylestown Lower is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Mullingar.

Galmoylestown Lower is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Stonehall in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. 
The townland covers 254 acres (1.03 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Blackmiles to the north, Galmoylestown Upper to the east, Garrysallagh to the south and Down, Larkinstown and Tyfarnham to the west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 5 houses and 25 inhabitants in the townland.

Galmoylestown Upper
Galmoylestown Upper is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is around 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Mullingar.

Galmoylestown Upper is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Stonehall in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 385.30 acres (1.5593 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Martinstown to the north–east, Parsonstown to the south–east, Kilmaglish to the south, Garrysallagh to the south–west, Galmoylestown Lower to the west and Blackmiles to the north.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there was 1 house and 5 inhabitants in the townland.
Flavors (programming language)
Flavors is an early object-oriented extension to Lisp developed by Howard Cannon at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory for the Lisp machine and its programming language Lisp Machine Lisp. It is notable as the first programming language to include mixins. Symbolics used it for its Lisp machines, and eventually developed it into New Flavors; both the original and new Flavors were message-passing OO models. It was hugely influential in the development of the Common Lisp Object System (CLOS).

Implementations of Flavors are also available for Common Lisp.

New Flavors replaced message sending with calling generic functions.

Flavors offers :before and :after daemons with the default method combination (called :daemon).

David A. Moon
David A. Moon is a programmer and computer scientist, known for his work on the Lisp programming language, as co-author of the Emacs text editor, as the inventor of ephemeral garbage collection, and as one of the designers of the Dylan programming language. Guy L. Steele Jr. and Richard P. Gabriel (1993) name him as a leader of the Common Lisp movement and describe him as "a seductively powerful thinker, quiet and often insulting, whose arguments are almost impossible to refute".
Neeli Bendapudi
Neeli Bendapudi (née Dutta) is an Indian-American academic administrator who is the 19th president of Pennsylvania State University. From 2018 until 2021, she served as the 18th president of the University of Louisville. In December 2021, Penn State announced Bendapudi as the university's president; she succeeded Eric J. Barron following his retirement. She assumed office in May 2022 and is the first woman and the first non-white person to serve as Penn State's president.

Eric J. Barron
Eric James Barron (born October 26, 1951) is an American academic administrator who was the 18th president of Pennsylvania State University from 2014 until 2022. He previously was the 14th president of Florida State University and director of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado.
Chavand, Maharashtra
19°14′13″N 73°44′54″E﻿ / ﻿19.236848°N 73.748217°E﻿ / 19.236848; 73.748217

Chavand is a hill fortress situated 30 km from the modern-day town of Naryangoan in Junnar Taluka of Pune district in Maharashtra, India. The fort, which rises 1,036 meters (3,399 feet) above sea level, is located in the Sahyadri mountain range. The fort was looted and destroyed by the British upon siege. This is one of the forts known as the 'Famous 5'. Chavaand, Hadsar, Shivneri, Jivdhan and Naneghat form the Famous 5 trek. The fort has remnants of construction that are more than 800 years old. Village of Chavand lies at the base of the fort. Under the rule of Shivaji I, this was known as Prasannagad.

Shivneri Fort
Shivneri Fort (known as Killa) (Marathi pronunciation: [ʃiʋneɾiː]) is an ancient military fortification located near Junnar in Pune district in Maharashtra, India. It is the birthplace of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the  founder of Maratha Kingdom.
Rural Municipality of Insinger No. 275
The Rural Municipality of Insinger No. 275 (2016 population: 315) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 9 and SARM Division No. 4. It is located in the east-central portion of the province.

Division No. 9, Saskatchewan
Division No. 9, Canada, is one of the eighteen census divisions within the province of Saskatchewan, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the eastern part of the province, bordering Manitoba. The most populous community in this division is Yorkton.
Lake Amadeus
Lake Amadeus (together with Lake Neale, Pitjantjatjara: Pantu ("salt lakes")) is a large salt lake in the southwest corner of  Northern Territory of Australia, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Uluru. The smaller Lake Neale is adjacent to the northwest. It is part of (or a surface feature of) the Amadeus Basin that was filled with the erosion products of the Petermann Orogeny.

Lake Neale
Lake Neale (together with Lake Amadeus, Pitjantjatjara: Pantu ("salt lakes")) is a salt lake in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is on the north-western side of Lake Amadeus. The two lakes form part of a chain of salt lakes that stretches about 500 km (310 mi), from Lake Hopkins in the west to the Finke River in the east. This drainage basin is known as the Amadeus Basin. The lake is usually a dry salt pan, and only holds water for short periods after heavy rainfall. Lake Neale is on Aboriginal land, held in the Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust. The Haasts Bluff lands are nearby to the north.
Teaching of Welsh history
Until the latter part of the 20th century, the teaching of Welsh history was predominantly taught from a British or Southern English perspective. In recent decades, there has been a notable increase in emphasis on the teaching of Welsh history, a trend that has persisted into the 21st century.

Presently, it is mandatory for schools in Wales to incorporate Welsh history into their curriculum. This requirement was not enforced until the 1990s. This mandatory inclusion of Welsh history is now an integral component of the Curriculum for Wales (2022–present), as stipulated by the Welsh Government. As part of this new curriculum, the teaching of Welsh history, alongside the study of ethnic minority history, has been introduced and mandated since September 2022.

Curriculum for Wales (2022–present)
The Curriculum for Wales (CfW) (Welsh: Cwricwlwm i Gymru) is the curriculum which is being introduced in state-funded education in Wales for pupils aged three to sixteen years. The curriculum's rollout began in 2022. Since September 2023, the Curriculum for Wales has been statutory for all pupils up to Year 9, with the roll-out continuing each year and reaching Year 11 in 2026-2027. And since September 2025 the first section of 'Made-for-Wales' GSCEs have been taught. The curriculum has been developed based on a report commissioned in 2014. Amongst other changes, it gives schools greater autonomy over what they teach children. Views on the curriculum have been varied.
Gurmukhi (Unicode block)
Gurmukhi is a Unicode block containing characters for the Punjabi language, in the Gurmukhi script. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0A02..U+0A4C were a direct copy of the Gurmukhi characters A2-EC from the 1988 ISCII standard. The Devanagari, Bengali, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam blocks were similarly all based on their ISCII encodings.

Oriya (Unicode block)
Oriya is a Unicode block containing characters for the Odia, Khondi and Santali languages of the state of Odisha in India. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0B01..U+0B4D were a direct copy of the Odia characters A1-ED from the 1988 ISCII standard. The Devanagari, Bengali, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam blocks were similarly all based on their ISCII encodings.

Odia script combines symbols into hundreds of consonant ligatures.
Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)
Line 3 of the Guangzhou Metro is a 74.83-kilometer (46.50 mi) rapid transit line that connects Haibang to Airport North (Terminal 2). The entire line, including all track and stations, is located in tunnels. Its 67.33 km (41.84 mi) main branch, excluding the 7.5 km (4.66 mi) branch between Tianhe Coach Terminal and Tiyu Xilu is now the second longest continuous subway tunnel in the world, and the longest rail tunnel of any kind (surpassing the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland).

Line 3 is split into two sections, Shiqiao line (main line, from Haibang to Tianhe Coach Terminal) and Airport line (northern branch, Tiyu Xilu to Airport North), and are branded with the colour orange. The line is extremely congested, with numerous sections officially operating over 100% capacity. The line uses Seltrac S40 communications-based train control from Alcatel.

Guangzhou East railway station
Guangzhoudong (Guangzhou East) railway station (simplified Chinese: 广州东站; traditional Chinese: 廣州東站; Jyutping: gwong2 zau1 dung1 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Gwóngjāu Dūng Jaahm), formerly known as Tianhe railway station (Chinese: 天河站; Cantonese Yale: Tīnhòh Jaahm) serves the city of Guangzhou, located in the city's Tianhe District.

The railway, metro, and bus terminal stations is interconnected as a single station complex. There was an immigration check point within the station for Guangzhou–Kowloon through train passengers travelling to and from Hong Kong, until the service was discontinued due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Guangzhou East is served by the Guangzhou-Hong Kong Express Rail Link, however customs and immigration for passengers entering mainland China are handled in "Main Port Area" of West Kowloon Station in Hong Kong.
Periya Idathu Penn
Periya Idathu Penn (transl. The Wealthy Woman) is a 1963 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film, directed by T. R. Ramanna. The film stars M. G. Ramachandran, B. Saroja Devi, M. R. Radha and T. R. Rajakumari. It was released on 10 May 1963. The film was blockbuster, the highest-grossing film of the year and ran more than 100 days. The film was remade in Telugu as Sabhash Suri and in Hindi as Jawab. The story of the 1982 Tamil film Sakalakala Vallavan was also inspired by this film.

Jawab (1970 film)
Jawab (transl. Answer) is a 1970 Hindi-language drama film, produced by K.G. Vijayarangam, directed by Ramanna under the authority of R.R. Pictures. The film stars Jeetendra, Leena Chandavarkar, Ashok Kumar, and Meena Kumari. The music was composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal. The film is a remake of the Tamil movie Periya Idathu Penn (1963), with M.G.R and B. Saroja Devi, which was first remade as the Telugu movie Sabhash Suri (1964), starring N.T. Rama Rao and Krishna Kumari.
Metabus
In Roman mythology, King Metabus of the Volsci was the father of Camilla.

Driven from his throne, Metabus and his infant daughter Camilla were chased into the wilderness by armed Volsci.  When the river Amasenus blocked his path, he bound her to a spear and promised Diana that Camilla would be her servant if she would safely transport her to the opposite bank. He then safely threw her to the other side, and swam across to retrieve her. The story is told by Virgil in Book XI of the Aeneid.

Camilla (mythology)
In Virgil's Aeneid, Camilla of the Volsci is a warrior who fights against the Trojans during the war in Latium. She stars in Book 11, where she leads a battle against the Trojans and is eventually killed. Camilla is the daughter of King Metabus and Queen Casmilla.