hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kulunda Steppe
The Kulunda Steppe or Kulunda Plain (Russian: Кулундинская равнина, Kazakh: Құлынды даласы, Qūlyndy dalasy) is an alluvial plain in Russia and Kazakhstan. It is an important agricultural region in Western Siberia.

Pavlodar Region
Pavlodar Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its population was 742,475 (2009 census results) and before that 806,983 (1999 census results). The latest official estimate (as at the start of 2022) was 756,511. Its capital is the city of Pavlodar, which had a population of 360,014 at the start of 2018. Many people, especially Ukrainians, migrated to Pavlodar during Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign.

The Bayanaul National Park, a protected area of the Kazakh Uplands, is located in the Bayanaul Range, within 100 km of Ekibastuz.
Amos A. Lawrence
Amos Adams Lawrence (July 31, 1814 – August 22, 1886) was an American businessman, philanthropist, and social activist. He was a key figure in the United States abolitionist movement in the years leading up to the Civil War and the growth of the Episcopal Church in Massachusetts. He was instrumental in the establishment of the University of Kansas and Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin.

Lawrence Academy (Groton, Massachusetts)
Lawrence Academy at Groton is a private, nonsectarian, co-educational college-preparatory boarding school located in Groton, Massachusetts. Founded in 1792 as Groton Academy and chartered in 1793 by Governor John Hancock, Lawrence is the tenth-oldest boarding school in the United States and the third-oldest in Massachusetts, following The Governor's Academy (1763) and Phillips Academy at Andover (1778).
Soren Johnson
Soren Johnson (born May 23, 1976) is an American businessman, game programmer, and video game designer. Johnson's games primarily belong to 4X strategy, with several of his titles having been critically acclaimed. He is best known for his work as a lead designer on Civilization IV, Offworld Trading Company, and Old World. He also worked as a co-lead designer on Civilization III.

In 2013, Johnson founded Mohawk Games, an indie studio in the suburbs of Baltimore, Maryland. They later moved to Alexandria, VA during the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic. The studio brings together people he has worked with in the past with new talent to create new intellectual properties. Their first game, Offworld Trading Company, was released to moderate critical acclaim.

Johnson is known as one of the earliest developers who involved the internet gaming community in game design, testing, and discussion.

Christopher Tin
Christopher Chiyan Tin (born May 21, 1976) is an American composer. His work is primarily orchestral and choral, often with a world music influence. He is a two-time Grammy Award winner.

Tin is best known for his work on title themes for the Civilization video game series, specifically the main theme "Baba Yetu" from the video game Civilization IV, which, at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2011, became the first piece of video game music to win a Grammy Award. This Grammy win has been considered a significant milestone for the critical acceptance of music from video games, and following this win the Recording Academy retitled their visual media categories to become more inclusive of video game soundtracks, before eventually creating a dedicated Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Video Games and Other Interactive Media in 2022.
Josef Pröll
Josef Pröll (German pronunciation: [ˈjoːzɛf ˈpʁœl]; born 14 September 1968, in Stockerau, Austria) is an Austrian former politician who was the chairman of the Austrian People's Party from 2008 until 2011. He was Vice Chancellor and Minister of Finance.

Previously, he was the Federal Minister of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment, and Water Management. He was also in charge of rethinking the party's positions and developing a more liberal socio-economic stance. On 28 November 2008, he was elected as the new federal party chairman by 89.6% of delegates at a party conference in Wels.

After two thromboses he suffered a pulmonary embolism in March 2011. A few weeks later, on 13 April, he resigned from all political functions. His successor was the Foreign Minister, Michael Spindelegger.

He is the nephew of Erwin Pröll and the father of Alexander Pröll.

Erwin Pröll
Erwin Pröll (born 24 December 1946) is an Austrian conservative politician (ÖVP). From 1992 to 2017, he was the Governor of Lower Austria.

He was born in Radlbrunn, Lower Austria and after obtaining his Matura at Tulln he studied at the University of Natural Resources (BOKU), Vienna.
Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquatica, commonly known as water spinach or kangkung,  is a semi-aquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender shoots. I. aquatica is generally believed to have been first domesticated in Southeast Asia. It is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia. It grows abundantly near waterways and requires little to no care.

Philippine adobo
Philippine adobo (from Spanish: adobar: "marinade", "sauce" or "seasoning" / English: /əˈdoʊboʊ/, Tagalog pronunciation: [ɐdobo]) is a popular Filipino dish and cooking process in Philippine cuisine. In its base form, meat, seafood, or vegetables are first browned in oil, and then marinated and simmered in vinegar, salt and/or soy sauce, and garlic. It is often considered the unofficial national dish in the Philippines.
Stourbridge Extension Canal
The Stourbridge Extension Canal was a short canal built to serve a number of mines in the Kingswinford area of Staffordshire in England. Although connected to the Stourbridge Canal, it was independent from it. It opened in 1840, and was abandoned in 1935. A short section of it is still used as moorings for boats using the Stourbridge Canal.

Stourbridge Canal
The Stourbridge Canal is a canal in the West Midlands of England. It links the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal (at Stourton Junction, affording access to traffic from the River Severn) with the Dudley Canal, and hence, via the Birmingham Canal Navigations, to Birmingham and the Black Country.
John Galen Howard
John Galen Howard (May 8, 1864 – July 18, 1931) was an American architect and educator who began his career in New York before moving to California. He was the principal architect at several firms in both states and employed Julia Morgan early in her architectural career.

Bill Graham Civic Auditorium
The Bill Graham Civic Auditorium (formerly San Francisco Civic Auditorium and San Francisco Exposition Auditorium) is a multi-purpose arena in San Francisco, California, named after promoter Bill Graham. The arena holds 8,500 people.
Eiss Archive
Eiss Archive refers to the collection of documents and related memorabilia documenting the rescue by Polish diplomats of Jews threatened by the Holocaust during World War II. The archive is named after Chaim Yisroel Eiss, a Jewish Rabbi and activist who jointly set up the Ładoś Group.

Ładoś Group
Ładoś Group, Bernese Group (Polish: grupa berneńska or grupa Ładosia, French: groupe bernois) is a name given to a group of Polish diplomats and Jewish activists who during Second World War elaborated in Switzerland a system of illegal production of Latin American passports aimed at saving European Jews from the Holocaust. It is estimated that thanks to the action about 10,000 people were saved from being sent to German extermination camps.
Agbangnizoun
Agbangnizoun  [ag.bɑ̃.ɲi.zun] is a town, arrondissement, and commune in the Zou Department of south-western Benin. The town lies 20 kilometres south-east of Abomey. The commune covers an area of 244 square kilometres and as of 2002 had a population of 55,001 people.

Communes of Benin
The departments of Benin are subdivided into 77 communes, which in turn are divided into arrondissements and finally into villages or city districts. Prior to 1999 provinces were broken down into 84 districts, titled either urban or rural.  Before independence, the six provinces were subdivided into cercles, cantons, préfectures and villages or towns.

The communes are listed below, by department:
Four temperaments
The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory which suggests that there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. Most formulations include the possibility of mixtures among the types where an individual's personality types overlap and they share two or more temperaments. Greek physician Hippocrates (c. 460 – c. 370 BC) described the four temperaments as part of the ancient medical concept of humourism, which states that four bodily fluids affect human personality traits and behaviours. Modern medical science does not define a fixed relationship between internal secretions and personality, although some psychological personality type systems use categories similar to the Greek temperaments.

The four temperament theory was abandoned after the 1700s.

Personality type
In psychology, personality type refers to the psychological classification of individuals. In contrast to personality traits, the existence of personality types remains extremely controversial. Types are sometimes said to involve qualitative differences between people, whereas traits might be construed as quantitative differences. According to type theories, for example, introverts and extraverts are two fundamentally different categories of people. According to trait theories, introversion and extraversion are part of a continuous dimension, with many people in the middle.
Fairfield Historic District (Fairfield, Connecticut)
The Fairfield Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Fairfield, Connecticut, roughly along Old Post Road between U.S. Route 1 and Turney Road.  The area contains Fairfield's town hall, public library, and houses dating from the late 18th century, and includes portions of the town's earliest colonial settlement area.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Fairfield, Connecticut
Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region. Fairfield is a hub of higher education, enrolling more than 17,000 students between Sacred Heart University and Fairfield University.
Digital divide
The digital divide is unequal access to and effective use of digital technology, encompassing four interrelated dimensions: motivational, material, skills, and usage access.

The digital divide worsens inequality in access to information and resources. In the Information Age, people without access to the Internet and other technology are at a disadvantage, for they are less able to connect with others, find and apply for jobs, shop, and learn.

People living in poverty, in insecure housing or who are homeless, elderly people, and those living in rural communities may have limited access to the Internet; in contrast, urban middle class people have easy access to the Internet. Another divide is between producers and consumers of Internet content, which could be a result of educational disparities. While social media use varies across age groups, a US 2010 study reported no racial divide.

Rural internet
Rural Internet describes the characteristics of Internet service in rural areas (also referred to as "the country" or "countryside"), which are settled places outside towns and cities. Inhabitants live in villages, hamlets, on farms and in other isolated houses. Mountains and other terrain can impede rural Internet access.

High-speed, wireless Internet service is becoming increasingly common in rural areas. Here, service providers deliver Internet service over radio-frequency via special radio-equipped antennas.

Methods for broadband Internet access in rural areas include:

Mobile Internet (broadband if HSPA or higher)

Hybrid Access Networks

Power-line Internet

Terrestrial Wireless Internet

Satellite Internet

ADSL loop extender

Internet of Things

White Space Internet
Bath House Cultural Center
The Bath House Cultural Center is the first of six neighborhood cultural centers built and operated by the City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs.  It is located on the east shore of White Rock Lake in east Dallas, Texas (USA).  It serves all of Dallas, especially the eastern region of the city.

White Rock Lake
White Rock Lake is a reservoir located in northeast Dallas, Texas, United States. The lake was formed by damming White Rock Creek, which today widens into the lake before continuing south out of the spillway and emptying into the Trinity River.  The lake covers 1,254 acres (5.07 km2) in the  east Dallas community.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve (/ˌɡlɒsoʊfəˈrɪn(d)ʒiəl, -ˌfærənˈdʒiːəl/), also known as the ninth cranial nerve, cranial nerve IX, or simply CN IX, is a cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the sides of the upper medulla, just anterior (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve. Being a mixed nerve (sensorimotor), it carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information. The motor division of the glossopharyngeal nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic medulla oblongata, whereas the sensory division originates from the cranial neural crest.

Carotid body
The carotid body is a small cluster of peripheral chemoreceptor cells and supporting sustentacular cells situated at the bifurcation of each common carotid artery in its tunica externa.

The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. It is also sensitive to changes in blood pH, and temperature.
Killerton
Killerton is an 18th-century house in Broadclyst, Exeter, Devon, England, which, with its hillside garden and estate, has been owned by the National Trust since 1944 and is open to the public. The National Trust displays the house as a comfortable home. On display in the house is a collection of 18th- to 20th-century costumes, originally known as the Paulise de Bush collection, shown in period rooms.

The estate covers some 2,590 hectares (25.9 km2, 6,400 acres). Included in the estate is a steep wooded hillside with the remains of an Iron Age hill fort on top of it, known as Dolbury, which has also yielded evidence of Roman occupation, namely a triple-ditched Roman fort or marching camp which is still visible in aerial photographs, despite heavy ploughing within the hill fort.

Killerton House itself and the Bear's Hut summerhouse in the grounds are Grade II* listed buildings. The gardens are Grade II* listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Dolbury
50°47′38″N 3°27′50″W﻿ / ﻿50.794°N 3.464°W﻿ / 50.794; -3.464

Dolbury is another local name for the Iron Age hill fort or enclosure at Killerton Park in Devon, England. It is referred to as such in several books and websites on Iron Age sites.

The hill fort is situated on a hilltop some 128 metres above sea level; the hilltop has a flat promontory jutting out northwards, still some 100 metres above sea level, around which the River Culm bends. The situation of the hill in the Culm Valley makes it very significant, although that can be hard to appreciate from the views afforded of it from the M5 motorway.

Grid Ref: SS 975 005
Gil de Siloé
Gil de Siloé (Antwerp? 1440s – Burgos, 1501) was a Castilian sculptor of Flemish origin, who worked in Burgos in a late gothic or Isabelline style.

His Hispano-Flemish style, which combines influences of the Germanic and Flemish gothic, and Mudéjar, is meticulous in its ornamentation and displays great technical virtuosity.

He was the father of an important architect and sculptor, Diego de Siloe.

Diego Siloe
Diego Siloe (anglicized) or Diego de Siloé (c. 1495–1563) was a Spanish Renaissance architect and sculptor, progenitor of the Granadan school of sculpture. He developed the majority of his work in Andalusia.
Aure, Sykkylven
Aure or Sykkylven is the administrative center of Sykkylven Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.  The village is located along the eastern shore of the Sykkylvsfjorden. It is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of Straumgjerde and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of Ikornnes (via the Sykkylven Bridge).

The 3.57-square-kilometre (880-acre) village has a population (2024) of 4,452 and a population density of 1,247 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,230/sq mi). It's the largest urban area in the municipality.

Sykkylven Church is located in this village. The village is home to various types of industry, especially furniture building, woodworking, and mechanical engineering. The Furniture Museum, part of the Sunnmøre Museum Foundation, is located in Aure.

Sykkylven Church
Sykkylven Church (Norwegian: Sykkylven kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sykkylven Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Aure. It is the church for the Sykkylven parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The red brick church was built in a long church design in 1990 using plans drawn up by the architect Oskar Norderval. The church seats about 850 people.
Damau
Damau (also damaun, dhamu or dhmuva) is a single-headed drum instrument that is played extensively in the folk music of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand in India. It is usually played along with the larger drum, the dhol, according to the ancient oral treatise of Dhol Sagar, which lists specific rhythm patterns for every occasion in life, including christening, wedding, religious festivals, folk drama and death rituals.

Music of Uttarakhand
Folk music in Uttarakhand refers to the traditional and contemporary songs of Kumaon and Garhwal regions in the foothills of Himalayas. The songs reflect the state's cultural heritage and the lifestyle of its inhabitants in the Himalayas. Common themes in this music include the natural beauty of the region, seasonal changes, festivals, religious traditions, cultural practices, folk tales, historical figures, ancestral bravery, and love ballads.

Dhol damau, Turri, ransingha, dholki, daur, thali, bhankora and mashakbaja are a few among a variety of instruments used in this State. n recent years, Global musical instruments have been incorporated in popular folk songs by singers like Gajendra Rana and Narendra Singh Negi. This  has allowed artists to create a sound that is catered to a large audience while maintaining the essence of traditional Uttarakhandi folk music.
Mike Royko
Michael Royko Jr. (September 19, 1932 – April 29, 1997) was an American newspaper columnist from Chicago, Illinois.  Over his 42-year career, he wrote more than 7,500 daily columns for the Chicago Daily News, the Chicago Sun-Times, and the Chicago Tribune.  A humorist whose writing spanned a broad range of topics, he was the winner of the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for commentary.

16-inch softball
16-inch softball (sometimes called clincher, mushball, cabbageball, puffball, blooperball, smushball, and Chicago ball) is a variant of softball, but using a larger ball that gradually becomes softer the more the ball is hit, and played with no gloves or mitts on the fielders. It more closely resembles the original game as developed in Chicago in the 19th century by George Hancock, and today it remains most popular in Chicago, New Orleans, Atlanta, and Portland, Oregon (where leagues have existed since the 1960s). It also saw some popularity in Nashville, Tennessee, in the early 1980s.

The first set of rules was published in 1937 by the Amateur Softball Association, in the same manual as the rules for fastpitch softball.
Gheytariyeh Metro Station
Gheytariyeh Metro Station is a station of Tehran Metro Line 1. The station is located on Shariati Street, opposite Pol-e-Rumi The covered area of this station is more than 3,531 square meters and its open space is over 787 square meters.

This station is located on Line 1 of the Tehran Metro between Tajrish Metro Station in the north and Shahid Sadr Metro Station in the south.

This station is located in Shemiranat County, northeast of Tehran.

Gheytarieh
Qeytarieh (Persian: قیطریه, also spelled Gheytarieh) is a neighbourhood in northern Tehran, located within the larger Shemiran district. Qeytarieh has a park with the same name. It is served by the Gheytariyeh Metro Station.

Qeytarieh's neighbouring districts are Niavaran, Kamranieh, Farmanieh, Elahieh and Tajrish.
The reason for the formation of this neighborhood, like most other neighborhoods in Shemiranat, can be considered as agriculture and horticulture. Most of the people who settled the neighborhood came here from the city of Borujerd from the Lorestan province.
Maryland Transportation Authority
The Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA) is an independent state agency responsible for financing, constructing, operating, and maintaining eight transportation facilities, currently consisting of two toll roads, two tunnels, and four bridges in Maryland. It also provides the Maryland Department of Transportation with financing for other revenue producing transportation projects.

Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge
The Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge is a road bridge in northeast Maryland that crosses the Susquehanna River  between Havre de Grace and Perryville via Garrett Island. It carries U.S. Route 40. It is the oldest of the eight toll facilities operated and maintained by the Maryland Transportation Authority, and the southernmost automotive bridge across the Susquehanna.

It is named for Thomas J. Hatem, whose long involvement in Harford County politics (as a Democrat) includes one term in the Maryland House of Delegates, a long stint as a county commissioner, service as state insurance commissioner and six years on the Public Service Commission.
Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium metabisulfite or sodium pyrosulfite (IUPAC spelling; Br. E. sodium metabisulphite or sodium pyrosulphite) is an inorganic compound of chemical formula Na2S2O5.  The substance is sometimes referred to as disodium metabisulfite.  It is used as a disinfectant, antioxidant, and preservative agent. When dissolved in water it forms sodium bisulfite.

Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of metals refining and the burning of sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon fuels.

Sulfur dioxide is somewhat toxic to humans, although only when inhaled in relatively large quantities for a period of several minutes or more. It was known to medieval alchemists as "volatile spirit of sulfur".
Metropolitan Oval
The Metropolitan Oval, also known as Met Oval, is a soccer complex located in Maspeth, Queens in New York City.  Village Voice named the complex, which takes up 4.2 acres (17,000 m2), the "Best full soccer field in the middle of a residential neighborhood" in 2004, for its "pristine" playing surface and the view of the Manhattan skyline.

In addition, the Metropolitan Oval is a MLS Next member. The Metropolitan Oval Academy and facility is led by an all-volunteer Board of Directors. Jon Burklo serves as the Technical Director of the Academy.

Maspeth, Queens
Maspeth is a residential and commercial community in the borough of Queens in New York City. It was founded in the early 17th century by Dutch and English settlers. Neighborhoods sharing borders with Maspeth are Woodside to the north; Sunnyside to the northwest; Greenpoint, Brooklyn, to the west; East Williamsburg, Brooklyn, to the southwest; Fresh Pond and Ridgewood to the south; and Middle Village and Elmhurst to the east.

Maspeth is located in Queens Community District 5 and its ZIP Code is 11378. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 104th Precinct. Politically, Maspeth is represented by the New York City Council's 26th and 30th districts.