hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cornell potential
In particle physics, the Cornell potential is an effective method to account for the confinement of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It was developed by  Estia J. Eichten, Kurt Gottfried,  Toichiro Kinoshita, John Kogut, Kenneth Lane and Tung-Mow Yan at Cornell University in the 1970s to explain the masses of quarkonium states and account for the relation between the mass and angular momentum of the hadron (the so-called Regge trajectories). The potential has the form:

where  is the effective radius of the quarkonium state,  is the QCD running coupling,  is the QCD string tension and is a constant of . Initially,  and  were merely empirical parameters but with the development of QCD can now be calculated using perturbative QCD and lattice QCD, respectively.

Quarkonium
In particle physics, quarkonium (from quark and -onium, pl. quarkonia) is a flavorless meson whose constituents are a heavy quark and its own antiquark, making it both a neutral particle and its own antiparticle. The name "quarkonium" is analogous to positronium, the bound state of electron and anti-electron. The particles are short-lived due to matter–antimatter annihilation.
Archer Blood
Archer Kent Blood (March 20, 1923 – September 3, 2004) was an American career diplomat and academic. He served as the last American Consul General to Dhaka, Bangladesh (East Pakistan at the time). He is famous for sending the strongly worded "Blood Telegram" protesting against the atrocities committed in the Bangladesh Liberation War. He also served in Greece, Algeria, Germany, Afghanistan and ended his career as chargé d'affaires of the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, India, retiring in 1982.

The Cruel Birth of Bangladesh
The Cruel Birth of Bangladesh: Memoirs of an American Diplomat is American diplomat Archer Blood's account of the emergence of Bangladesh, published by University Press Limited in 2002. After the State Department declassified the documents, telegrams and other messages relating to this period, Blood wrote 24 chapters describing the events of 1971 as witnessed by himself and the staff of the United States Mission in Dhaka.

The Cruel Birth of Bangladesh is part of the road to Bangladesh series, where accounts of the emergence of Bangladesh are published.

The book received the University Press Limited's "Outstanding Impact Award" at the UPL Excellence Awards 2018.
Three Nations Senior Lacrosse League
The Three Nations Senior Lacrosse League (TNSLL) is a Senior B box lacrosse league based out of Ontario, Quebec and New York, sanctioned by the First Nations Lacrosse Association (FNLA). The league champion earns a spot in the Presidents Cup, the national championship of Senior B lacrosse in Canada.

Quebec Senior Lacrosse League
The Quebec Senior Lacrosse League (QSLL) is a senior B box lacrosse league based in Quebec. The league also includes a team based in Ottawa. QSLL is sanctioned by the Fédération de crosse du Québec.

Winners of the league advance to compete in the Presidents Cup tournament, the national championship of Senior B box lacrosse in Canada.
1683 Trent flood
The River Trent valley in Nottinghamshire, England, suffered from a major flood in 1683.  The floods followed a lengthy cold period and were formed from melting snow and broken river ice.  The ice floes swept away much of Hethbeth or Trent Bridge at Nottingham and the Town Bridge at Newark-on-Trent.

River Trent
The Trent, the third-longest river in the United Kingdom, has its source in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. It flows through and drains the North Midlands into the Humber Estuary. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past have often caused the river to change course.

The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Staffordshire, Rugeley, Burton-upon-Trent, Nottingham, Newark-on-Trent and Gainsborough before joining the Yorkshire Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. The wide Humber estuary has often been characterised as the boundary between the Midlands and Northern England ("The North").
Etzwilen railway station
Etzwilen railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Thurgau and municipality of Wagenhausen. It takes its name from the nearby settlement of Etzwilen. The station is located on the Lake Line, which links Schaffhausen with Rorschach, at its junction with the Winterthur–Etzwilen line and the Etzwilen–Singen railway.

Stein am Rhein railway station
Stein am Rhein railway station (German: Bahnhof Stein am Rhein) is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen and the municipality Stein am Rhein. The station is situated on the opposite (southern) bank of the Rhine to the historic centre of the town, a walk of some 500 m (1,600 ft). It is located on the Lake line (German: Seelinie), which links Schaffhausen with Rorschach.

The station is close to the Untersee (Lake Constance), and the Werd islands.
Hyde, Bedfordshire
Hyde (also known as The Hyde) is a civil parish in the county of Bedfordshire.  It lies just south-east of Luton.

Most of the land to the west of the River Lea is occupied by the Luton Hoo estate, which includes West Hyde. To the east of the river, the parish contains the ruins of Someries Castle and the hamlets of Chiltern Green, East Hyde and New Mill End.

Hyde was served by two railway stations, Luton Hoo and Chiltern Green, but these have since closed.

Chiltern Green
Chiltern Green is a hamlet located in Bedfordshire, England, next to the border with Hertfordshire. It is in the civil parish of Hyde.

The settlement lent its name to Chiltern Green railway station, which was located in nearby New Mill End. The railway station closed in 1952. Today London Luton Airport is located to the north west of Chiltern Green.
Baantjer
Baantjer is a Dutch television programme which was broadcast by RTL 4 from 6 October 1995 until 1 December 2006 for a total of 123 episodes in 12 seasons. It stars Piet Römer as Jurriaan 'Jurre' de Cock, a police detective, and Victor Reinier as Dick Vledder, his helper. The series is based on the novels of writer A. C. Baantjer.

In 1999, RTL 4 broadcast the television film Baantjer, de film: De Cock en de wraak zonder einde because of the tenth anniversary of the network.

In 2018, it was announced by RTL that the series would be revived for a thirteenth season and a film, starring Waldemar Torenstra, that would be aired on RTL 4 and Videoland. The film Amsterdam Vice (Baantjer: Het Begin) won the Golden Film award two weeks after its premiere on 18 April 2019.

Amsterdam Vice
Amsterdam Vice (Dutch: Baantjer: Het Begin – English: Baantjer: The Beginning) is a 2019 Dutch film and 
accompanying series directed by Arne Toonen. The film and eponymous television series is based on the novels of A. C. Baantjer and a prequel to the television series Baantjer, based on the same novels.

The Videoland version of the film was edited as a double episode (episodes 1 and 2 of the series). However, a number of scenes are missing in this version. The film won the Golden Film award two weeks later after having sold 100,000 tickets. Kurt Loyens also won the Golden Calf for Best Production Design award at the 2019 Netherlands Film Festival. 
Amsterdam Vice was also awarded a Silver Remi Award 2020 winner by the WorldFest Houston in the category Feature Film – Crime/Drama and was selected for Festival de la Fiction de la Rochelle as a nominee in the category ‘best international series’.
Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
The Office of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party often referred to as the General Secretary's Office (总书记办公室) is a bureau whose staff is assigned to work directly under, and closely with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s General Secretary. The Office manages personal affairs of the General Secretary and is a part of the Central Committee, but reports directly to the General Secretary. The director of the Office of the General Secretary and the staff under him are considered to be Mishus, or trusted confidants responsible for maintaining the private information and correspondence of the party's leader.

The office is distinct from, and administratively subordinate to, the CCP General Office, whose staff support the many party departments under the CCP Central Committee, the CCP Secretariat and the CCP Politburo. All directors of the Office of the General Secretary have also concurrently served as directors of the Office of the President.

General Office of the Chinese Communist Party
The General Office of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, often referred to as the Central Office (中办), is an office directly under the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in charge of providing support for the Central Committee and its Politburo, including codifying intra-party regulations, conducting policy research and providing administrative support. The director of the General Office currently serves as the first-ranked secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party.
Amursana
Amursana (Mongolian: Амарсанаа; Classical Mongolian: ᠠᠮᠤᠷᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ; Chinese: 阿睦爾撒納; 1723 – 21 September 1757) was an 18th-century taishi (太师; 太師) or prince of the Khoit-Oirat tribe that ruled over parts of Dzungaria and Altishahr in present-day northwest China.  Known as the last great Oirat hero, Amursana was the last of the Dzungar rulers. The defeat of his rebel forces by Qing dynasty Manchu armies in the late 1750s signaled the final extinction of Mongol influence and power in Inner Asia, ensured the incorporation of Mongol territory into the Qing Manchu Empire, and brought about the Dzungar genocide.

Tsewang Rabtan Khan
Tsewang Rabtan Khan (from Tibetan: ཚེ་དབང་རབ་བརྟན Tsewang Rapten; Chinese: 策妄阿拉布坦; Mongolian: ᠴᠡᠸᠡᠩᠷᠠᠪᠳᠠᠨ; 1643–1727) was the Choros prince and Khan of the Dzungar Khanate from 1697 (following the death of his uncle and rival Galdan Boshugtu Khan) until his death in 1727. He was married to Lha-bzang Khan's sister.
Velfjorden
Velfjorden is a fjord in Nordland county, Norway.  The fjord is located mostly in Brønnøy Municipality, but part of the northern portion of the fjord lies in Vevelstad Municipality. The 31-kilometre (19 mi) fjord stretches from northwest to southeast with many side-arms branching off the main fjord.  Two of the main side branches are the Sørfjorden and Langfjorden.  Most of the settlements are on the southwestern shore of the fjord and the Lomsdal-Visten National Park lies on the northeastern shore of the fjord.

Brønnøy Municipality
Brønnøy is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland region. The administrative centre and commercial centre of the municipality is the town of Brønnøysund. A secondary centre is the village of Hommelstø. Other villages include Tosbotnet, Lande, Trælnes, and Skomo.

The 1,046-square-kilometre (404 sq mi) municipality is the 107th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Brønnøy Municipality is the 135th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,826. The municipality's population density is 7.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (19/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.9% over the previous 10-year period.

The Brønnøysund Register Centre is an important employer in Brønnøy. Also, one of the largest limestone mines in Northern Europe is located in the municipality. Brønnøysund Airport, Brønnøy is located near the town of Brønnøysund.
Céloron de Blainville
Céloron de Blainville is a French family of officers and colonial administrators, who notably played a role in New France beginning in the 17th century. One member, Pierre Joseph Céloron de Blainville, is the subject of a folk song by  Robert Schmertz entitled  Celoron.

Blainville, Quebec
Blainville (French pronunciation: [blɛ̃vil]) is a suburb of Montreal located on the North Shore in southwestern Quebec, Canada. Blainville forms part of the Thérèse-De Blainville Regional County Municipality within the Laurentides region of Quebec. The town sits at the foot of the Laurentian Mountains and is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of downtown Montreal.
Giovanni Demisiani
Giovanni Demisiani (Greek: Ἰωάννης Δημησιάνος; died 1614), a Greek from Zakynthos, was a theologian, chemist, mathematician to Cardinal Gonzaga, and member of the Accademia dei Lincei. Demisiani is noted for  coining the name telescope (from the Greek τῆλε, tele "far" and σκοπεῖν, skopein "to look or see") for a version of the instrument presented by Galileo Galilei to the Accademia dei Lincei at a banquet honoring Galileo’s induction into the Accademia in 1611.

Accademia dei Lincei
The Accademia dei Lincei, anglicised as the Lincean Academy, was an Italian accademia active from 1603 to 1651. It was established in Rome in 1603 by Federico Cesi, and was named after the lynx, an animal whose sharp vision symbolizes the acuity that science requires. Galileo Galilei was the intellectual centre of the academy and adopted "Galileo Galilei Linceo" as his signature. Cesi died in 1630, and the academy was dissolved in or before 1651.

During the nineteenth century, it was revived, first in the Papal States and later in the nation of Italy. Thus the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, established in 1936, claims this heritage as the Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ("Pontifical Academy of the New Lynx-Eyed"), founded in 1847, descending from the first two incarnations of the Academy. Similarly, a lynx-eyed academy of the 1870s became the national academy of Italy, encompassing both literature and science among its concerns.
Culross
Culross (/ˈkurəs/; Scottish Gaelic: Cuileann Ros, "holly point") is a village and former royal burgh, and parish, in Fife, Scotland.

According to the 2006 estimate, the village has a population of 395. Originally, Culross served as a port city on the Firth of Forth and is believed to have been founded by Saint Serf during the 6th century.

The civil parish had a population of 4,348 in 2011.

Saint Mungo
Kentigern (Welsh: Cyndeyrn Garthwys; Latin: Kentigernus), known as Mungo, was a missionary in the Brittonic Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late sixth century, and the founder and patron saint of the city of Glasgow.
Tremont Nail Company
The Tremont Nail Company was a nail manufacturing company located in Wareham, Massachusetts, from 1819 to 2006. The Tremont Nail brand was purchased by Acorn Manufacturing of Mansfield, Massachusetts, where it still produces cut nails and other products for restoration projects. They are the oldest manufacturer of steel cut nails in the United States.

Wareham, Massachusetts
Wareham (/ˈwɛərhæm/ WAIR-ham) is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 23,303.

Wareham is in the southern outskirts of Greater Boston, and is a part of the South Coast region of Massachusetts which encompasses the cities and towns that surround Buzzards and Mount Hope bays.
Siderolamprus rozellae
Siderolamprus rozellae, Rozella's lesser galliwasp, is a species of lizard of the Diploglossidae family. It is found in Mexico.

It was formerly classified in the genus Celestus, but was moved to Siderolamprus in 2021.

Siderolamprus
Siderolamprus is a genus of lizards in the family Diploglossidae. Member species are found throughout much of Central America. They are considered the only members of the subfamily Siderolamprinae, although Diploglossus bilobatus is sometimes reclassified into the monotypic genus Mesoamericus and placed with them.

All species in this genus were previously classified in either Celestus or Diploglossus until a 2021 study found members of both groups to form a distinct grouping from any other diploglossid lizards. The genus Siderolamprus was revived for these species.
Mississippian copper plates
Mississippian copper plates, or plaques, are plain and repousséd plates of beaten copper crafted by peoples of the various regional expressions of the Mississippian culture between 800 and 1600 CE.  They have been found as artifacts in archaeological sites in the American Midwest and Southeast. The plates, found as far afield as Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Wisconsin, were instrumental in the development of the archaeological concept known as the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex. Some of the more notable examples are representations of raptorial birds and avian-themed dancing warriors.

Warren K. Moorehead
Warren King Moorehead (March 10, 1866 – January 5, 1939) was an American archaeologist and writer who worked on excavating and surveying various Native American sites, including Fort Ancient. Moorehead the first curator of the Ohio Archaeological Society and was deemed the "Dean of American archaeology". He died on January 5, 1939, at the age of 72, and is buried in his hometown of Xenia, Ohio.

Moorehead is credited with excavating more ancient earthworks than all archaeologists before and after him. Due to Moorehead's primary focus on artifact recovery in his early career, his often careless documentation of excavated sites, and the fact that he lost many of his own important field notes (including those from 1891 at the Hopewell Site), Moorehead is often remembered as a destructive force among modern archaeologists. That said, Moorehead was influential in the preservation of some historical sites such as Fort Ancient.
Heavitree Gap
The Heavitree Gap, or Ntaripe in the Arrernte language, is a water gap in the Northern Territory of Australia in the MacDonnell Ranges. It is the southern entrance to the city of Alice Springs and in addition to the Todd River it carries the main road and rail access to the south.

The Gap is an important sacred site for the Arrernte people and its use as a thoroughfare was avoided by women prior to the construction of the road and later Central Australia Railway.

The Gap was named by William Mills, the Overland Telegraph line surveyor who discovered the location for Alice Springs.  It was named after his former school in Heavitree, Devon.

On the southwest side of The Gap is the historic Heavitree Gap Police Station.

The Gap has been painted by numerous artists including Albert Namatjira, Oscar Namatjira, Basel Rangea, and John Borrack.

Water gap
A water gap is a gap that flowing water has carved through a mountain range or mountain ridge and that still carries water today. Such gaps that no longer carry water currents are called wind gaps. Water gaps and wind gaps often offer a practical route for road and rail transport to cross the mountain barrier.
Société des Acadiens v Association of Parents
Société des Acadiens v Association of Parents is a  Supreme Court of Canada decision on minority language rights under section 19(2) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The majority of the Court held that in civil cases in the New Brunswick courts, the parties have the right to use either French or English in all submissions and pleadings.  However, they do not have a right to have the matter heard by a judge who understands them in the language they choose to speak.  It is sufficient if there is simultaneous translation.  In addition to the majority decision, two other justices of the Court held that the parties did have the right to be heard and understood by the judge in the language of their choice, but on the facts of the case, that standard was met.

Section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the provisions of the Constitution of Canada that addresses rights relating to Canada's two official languages, English and French.  Like section 133 of the Constitution Act, 1867, section 19 allows anyone to speak English or French in federal courts.  However, only section 133 extends these rights to Quebec courts, while section 19 extends these rights to courts in New Brunswick.  New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province under section 16 of the Charter.
Dibaj
Dibaj (Persian: ديباج) is a city in the Central District of Damghan County, Semnan province, Iran. It was the administrative center for Rudbar Rural District until its capital was transferred to the city of Kalateh.

Dibaj is 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of the city of Damghan, in the heart of the Alborz mountains. It is situated along the Mazandaran road, and is the main town in northern Damghan County. It was formerly named Chahardeh, a set of villages which were merged to form the city of Dibaj in 1993.

Rudbar Rural District (Damghan County)
Rudbar Rural District (Persian: دهستان رودبار) is in the Central District of Damghan County, Semnan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Kalateh. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Dibaj.
Raid (TV series)
Raid (Russian: Налёт, romanized: Nalyot) is a Russian crime drama television series created by Olivier Marchal.  It was produced by Cargo Film with the participation of Channel One Russia. It is a Russian adaptation of the French series Braquo. The series was first broadcast in Russia from April 2017.

Vladimir Mashkov
Vladimir Lvovich Mashkov (Russian: Владимир Львович Машков; born 27 November 1963) is a Russian actor and theater director of cinema. He is known to Western audiences for his work in the 2001 film Behind Enemy Lines and 2011 film Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol. Mashkov has also worked as a film director, producer and writer for the 2004 Russian film Papa.

According to his daughter Maria "Masha" Mashkova, who is close to her mother and who both reside in the United States, her father Vladimir Mashkov is a staunch supporter of Vladimir Putin and an ardent pro-Russia, pro-Putin, pro-Kremlin propagandist who firmly supports Russia during the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Final Flesh
Final Flesh is a 2009 American independent post-apocalyptic surreal comedy horror film directed by Ike Sanders, written by Vernon Chatman, and produced by PFFR.  The film was made by sending the most deliberately absurd and ridiculous scripts to four different companies that specialize in making custom fetish pornography and having the porn actors act out the scripts, which include plenty of nudity, with short scenes of masturbation being the closest they ever get to pornography.  Final Flesh tells a very loose story involving a family who live near ground zero, where a nuclear bomb is scheduled to hit.  The film is composed almost entirely of non sequiturs, intentionally designed to be as random and nonsensical as possible.

PFFR
PFFR is an American production company and art collective based in Brooklyn, New York City and consisting of Vernon Chatman, John Lee, Alyson Levy and formerly Jim Tozzi until 2009. The group has been active since 1998.
Thomas Hill (manufacturer)
Thomas Hill (Rotherham) Limited was a company which repaired and sold steam road vehicles, diesel and electric road vehicles and railway locomotives. It later made its name building and rebuilding diesel locomotives.

Yorkshire Engine Company
The Yorkshire Engine Company (YEC) was a small independent locomotive manufacturer in Sheffield. The company was formed in 1865 and produced locomotives and carried out general engineering work until 1965. It mainly built shunting engines for the British market, but also built main line engines for overseas customers.

Steam locomotives were built by the firm from 1865 to 1956 and diesel locomotives from 1950 to 1965.