hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Books in Germany
As of 2018, ten firms in Germany rank among the world's biggest publishers of books in terms of revenue: C.H. Beck, Bertelsmann, Cornelsen Verlag, Haufe-Gruppe, Holtzbrinck Publishing Group, Ernst Klett Verlag, Springer Nature, Thieme, WEKA Holding, and Westermann Druck- und Verlagsgruppe. Overall, "Germany has some 2,000 publishing houses, and more than 90,000 titles reach the public each year, a production surpassed only by the United States." Unlike many other countries, "book publishing is not centered in a single city but is concentrated fairly evenly in Berlin, Hamburg, and the regional metropolises of Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, and Munich."

Westermann Verlag
Westermann Verlag (English: "Westermann Publishing") is a German publishing firm, founded in the 19th century in Braunschweig, Duchy of Brunswick by George Westermann (23 February 1810 in Leipzig; 7 September 1879 in Wiesbaden). Several other generations of the Westermann family succeeded him. In 1986, the "Westermann Druck- und Verlagsgruppe" in Braunschweig, comprising numerous branches, became part of Medien-Union based in Ludwigshafen, employing 800.

Westermann is renowned for its meticulous world history-atlas in German, the Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte, generally known as "the Westermann."

For use in schools, they continue to publish the Carl Diercke Schul-Atlas, a series started in the 19th century, since called Diercke Weltatlas. They also offer products related to or using Google Earth, 3D-technology, and globes.
Zahida Parveen
Zahida Parveen is an Indian actress. She is most known for playing Badi in Thief of Baghdad, the evil Yashodhara Masi in Yahaaan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli and Gayatri Scindia in Punar Vivah.

She was also seen in Zee TV’s Aap Ke Aa Jane Se.

Aap Ke Aa Jane Se
Aap Ke Aa Jane Se (English meaning-By Your Arrival) (international title: Age is Just a Number) is an Indian soap opera which aired on Zee TV from 15 January 2018 to 31 May 2019. It is produced by Bodhi Tree Multimedia and it starred Suhasi Dhami and Karan Jotwani as Vedika and Sahil. The show marked the comeback of Dhami after a three-year break from television. It replaced Dil Dhoondta Hai in its timeslot and was replaced by Hamari Bahu Silk.
Bullen's Animal World
Bullen's Animal World was a circus style zoo & theme park located at Wallacia, New South Wales, Australia on the outskirts of Sydney owned by the Bullen family of circus proprietors. Its address was 11 Park Road, Wallacia.  An equivalent one, Bullen's African Lion Safari, existed nearby at Warragamba a few kilometres away; as well as the Wanneroo Lion Park in Wanneroo in Perth. Upon its closure, some of the animals were moved to the lion park at Warragamba, while some were moved to a property a kilometer away, also in Wallacia, also owned by the Bullen family.

Wallacia, New South Wales
Wallacia is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Formerly a rural village it is 68 kilometres (42 mi) west of the Sydney GPO (General Post Office), in the local government areas of the City of Penrith, City of Liverpool and Wollondilly Shire. It is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.
Woodstock High School (Georgia)
Woodstock High School is a public high school located in Woodstock, in the U.S. state of Georgia. It serves grades 9 to 12, and was the fourth high school built in the Cherokee County School District, along with Cherokee, Etowah, Sequoyah, Creekview, and River Ridge High Schools.

The school opened in 1996 with only a freshman and sophomore class. As each year progressed, a junior and senior class was filled by the original sophomores (and transfer students of the same grade).

Woodstock first fielded varsity teams in each sport for the 1998–1999 school year. The school's mascot is the wolverine.

Cherokee County School District (Georgia)
The Cherokee County School District manages the 40 public schools in Cherokee County, Georgia, United States. The school district's leadership consists of an elected seven-member school board.

The district's boundaries parallel those of Cherokee County.
London Controlling Section
The London Controlling Section (LCS) was a British secret department established in September 1941, under Oliver Stanley, with a mandate to coordinate Allied strategic military deception during World War II. The LCS was formed within the Joint Planning Staff at the offices of the War Cabinet, which was presided over by Winston Churchill as Prime Minister.

At first the department struggled to have any impact, and Stanley spent time away from the office due to his wife's terminal illness. In June his post of Controlling Officer was handed over to Colonel John Bevan, who managed the LCS until the end of the war.

The organisation was publicly revealed by Sir Ronald Wingate in 1969.

Dennis Wheatley
Dennis Yates Wheatley (8 January 1897 – 10 November 1977) was an English writer whose prolific output of thrillers and occult novels made him one of the world's best-selling authors from the 1930s through to the 1960s.
Zack Davisson
Zack Davisson (born August 15, 1972) is an American writer, lecturer, and translator, especially known for translating the works of Shigeru Mizuki, Leiji Matsumoto, Go Nagai, Satoshi Kon, and Gou Tanabe. He is also well known for his works on Japanese folklore and ghosts.

In 2015, Davisson wrote his first book, Yurei: The Japanese Ghost. Davisson went on to translate the works of Shigeru Mizuki, a popular Japanese manga artist and historian, into English. Davisson has cited Japanese writer Lafcadio Hearn as an inspiration on his work.

Leiji Matsumoto
Leiji Matsumoto (Japanese: 松本零士, Hepburn: Matsumoto Reiji; born Akira Matsumoto (松本晟); January 25, 1938 – February 13, 2023) was a Japanese manga artist, and creator of several anime and manga series. His widow Miyako Maki is also a manga artist.

Matsumoto was famous for his works such as Space Battleship Yamato, Space Pirate Captain Harlock, and Galaxy Express 999. His style was characterized by mythological and often tragic storylines with strong moral themes, noble heroes, feminine heroines, and a love of strange worlds and melancholic atmosphere.
Haymarket, Newcastle
Haymarket is an area in the north of central Newcastle upon Tyne. The area has several transport hubs including Eldon Square bus station, Haymarket bus station and Haymarket Metro station. Haymarket features the facades of Newcastle Civic Centre, Newcastle University and Northumbria University. It is also the location of the Church of St Thomas the Martyr, a prominent city landmark.

The area is home to various war memorials including The Response, 1914 by Goscombe John, described by Alan Borg, a former Director General of the Imperial War Museum as "one of the finest sculptural ensembles on any British monument."

The major pedestrianised shopping street, Northumberland Street, meets Haymarket at its northern end.

Newcastle Civic Centre
Newcastle Civic Centre is a municipal building in the Haymarket area of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Designed by George Kenyon, the centre was built for Newcastle City Council in 1967 and formally opened by King Olav V of Norway on 14 November 1968. It is a Grade II* listed building and is the joint eighth-tallest building in the city, standing at 200 feet (61 m).
SNECMA Atar 101
The SNECMA ATAR 101 is a French axial-flow turbojet engine built by SNECMA. It was derived from engines and design work carried out at BMW in Germany during World War II, and extensively developed though a progression of more powerful models. The name is derived from its original design group, Atelier Technique Aéronautique de Rickenbach  employing Hermann Östrich and many of the wartime BMW gas turbine design group as well as other German engine design teams. The ATAR 101 powered many of the French post-war jet aircraft, including the Vautour II, Étendard IV, Super Mystère B2, and the Mirage III-001, prototype of the Mirage III series.

Dassault Ouragan
The Dassault M.D.450 Ouragan (French: Hurricane) is a French fighter-bomber developed and produced by Dassault Aviation. It has its origins in a private venture by Dassault to produce an all-French aircraft which would make use of jet propulsion, which subsequently would receive orders from the French Air Force.

The Ouragan holds the distinction of being the first jet-powered French-designed combat aircraft to enter production, and thus played a key role in the resurgence of the French aviation industry following the Second World War. The Ouragan was operated by France, India, Israel and El Salvador. While in Israeli service, the type participated in both the Suez Crisis and the Six-Day War.
Vatne, Rogaland
Vatne is a village in Sandnes municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.   The village lies in the borough of Hana, just about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northeast of the centre of the city of Sandnes. The Vatneleiren military base is located in Vatne.

It is considered a part of the Stavanger/Sandnes metropolitan area. The 0.57-square-kilometre (140-acre) village has a population (2019) of 915 and a population density of 1,605 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,160/sq mi).

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Igra
57°33′N 53°02′E﻿ / ﻿57.550°N 53.033°E﻿ / 57.550; 53.033

Igra (Russian: Игра; Udmurt: Эгра, Egra) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Igrinsky District of the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located 98 kilometers (61 mi) north of Izhevsk at the European route E22, which changes there from M7 to the main Siberian route P242. Population:  20,737 (2010 census); 22,280 (2002 census); 22,866 (1989 Soviet census).

Igrinsky District
Igrinsky District (Russian: Игри́нский райо́н; Udmurt: Эгра ёрос, Egra joros) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in the Udmurt Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 2,266.9 square kilometers (875.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Igra. Population: 38,194 (2010 Census); 42,850 (2002 Census); 45,869 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Igra accounts for 54.3% of the district's total population.
RPO-A Shmel
The RPO-A Shmel (Russian: реактивный пехотный огнемёт РПО-А «Шмель», lit. 'rocket-propelled infantry flamethrower "Bumblebee"') is a man-portable, single-use, rocket-assisted thermobaric weapon. While its name directly translates to flamethrower (and it is classified as such in Russian military documents), the RPO-A Shmel is more accurately described as a thermobaric weapon.
The Shmel is designed, produced and exported by the Russian Federation and previously by the Soviet Union. It entered service with the Soviet Armed Forces at the end of the 1980s as the successor for the RPO Rys.

Flamethrower
A flamethrower is a ranged incendiary device designed to project a controllable jet of fire. First deployed by the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century AD, flamethrowers saw use in modern times during World War I, and more widely in World War II as a tactical weapon against fortifications.

Most military flamethrowers use liquid fuel, typically either heated oil or diesel, but commercial flamethrowers are generally blowtorches using gaseous fuels such as propane. Gases are safer in peacetime applications because their flames have less mass flow rate and dissipate faster and often are easier to extinguish.

Apart from the military applications, flamethrowers have peacetime applications where there is a need for controlled burning, such as in sugarcane harvesting and other land-management tasks. Various forms are designed for an operator to carry, while others are mounted on vehicles.
The Lost Hours
The Lost Hours (also known as The Big Frame) is a 1952 British second feature ('B') film noir directed by David MacDonald and starring Mark Stevens, Jean Kent and John Bentley. It was written by Steve Fisher and John Gilling. It was produced by Tempean Films which specialised in making second features at the time, and marked Kent's first "descent", as  Chibnall and McFarlane put it, into B films after her 1940s stardom. It was released in the United States in 1953 by RKO Pictures.

John Gilling
John Gilling (29 May 1912 – 22 November 1984) was an English film director and screenwriter, born in London. He was known for his horror movies, especially those he made for Hammer Films, for whom he directed The Shadow of the Cat (1961), The Plague of the Zombies (1966), The Reptile (1966) and The Mummy's Shroud (1967). Elsewhere he directed Cross of the Devil (1975), among others.
SeeFood
SeeFood (also known as Sea Level in the United States) is a 2011 Malaysian-Qatari animated adventure comedy film produced by Silver Ant and released in Malaysian cinemas on 8 March 2012. The story follows the horde of fishes from the sea to get their rescue.

SeeFood first launched in Poland on 7 October 2011. It received financial support from Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and from the Multimedia Development Corporation.

The film is also available in original and dubbed-in-Malay versions.

Brownbanded bamboo shark
The brownbanded bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum), is a bamboo shark in the family Hemiscylliidae that can be found in the Indo-West Pacific from Japan to northern Australia, between latitudes 34° N and 26° S. It is regularly bred in public aquaria, and is arguably one of the sharks most suited to captivity due to its docile disposition, sedentary nature, and relatively small size. In public aquariums, these fish can live up to 25 years.
Charrúa Ridge
Charrúa Ridge is an ice-free rocky ridge rising to 333 metres (1,093 ft) along the northeast coast of Johnsons Dock in Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is narrow and precipitous, extending 700 metres (800 yd) in a west-northwest to east-southeast direction, with triple heights of elevation 322, 333 and 332 m respectively, and linked to Castillo Nunatak by Charrúa Gap. It surmounts Contell Glacier to the north, South Bay to the west, Johnsons Dock to the southwest and Johnsons Glacier to the south. It forms a prominent landmark in the area between the Spanish Antarctic base Juan Carlos I and the Bulgarian Antarctic base St. Kliment Ohridski.

The feature is named after the Charrúa, one of the ships of the Argentine Antarctic Expedition of 1947–48, and the name "Monte Charrúa" appears for this feature on a 1954 Argentine navy chart.

Castillo Nunatak
Castillo Nunatak is a conspicuous rocky peak rising to 437 m on the glacial divide between Huntress Glacier and Balkan Snowfield on Hurd Peninsula in eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is linked to Charrúa Ridge to the west Charrúa Gap and, via Willan Nunatak and Willan Saddle, to Burdick Ridge to the east-northeast.  Castillo Nunatak is a prominent landmark in the Charrúa Gap area.

The feature is descriptively named for its abrupt and isolated appearance ('Castle Nunatak' in Spanish).
Von Braun amide degradation
The von Braun amide degradation is the chemical reaction of a monosubstituted amide with phosphorus pentachloride or thionyl chloride to give a nitrile and an organohalide. It is named after Julius Jacob von Braun, who first reported the reaction.

Thionyl chloride
Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl2. It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour. Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, but is occasionally also used as a solvent. It is toxic, reacts with water, and is also listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention as it may be used for the production of chemical weapons.

Thionyl chloride is sometimes confused with sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2, but the properties of these compounds differ significantly. Sulfuryl chloride is a source of chlorine whereas thionyl chloride is a source of chloride ions.
ITIES
In electrochemistry, ITIES (interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions) is an electrochemical interface that is either polarisable or polarised. An ITIES is polarisable if one can change the Galvani potential difference, or in other words the difference of inner potentials between the two adjacent phases, without noticeably changing the chemical composition of the respective phases (i.e. without noticeable electrochemical reactions taking place at the interface). An ITIES system is polarised if the distribution of the different charges and redox species between the two phases determines the Galvani potential difference.

Usually, one electrolyte is an aqueous electrolyte composed of hydrophilic ions such as NaCl dissolved in water and the other electrolyte is a lipophilic salt such as tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate dissolved in an organic solvent immiscible with water such as nitrobenzene, or 1,2-dichloroethane.

Lipophilicity
Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly") is the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene. Such compounds are called lipophilic (translated as "fat-loving" or "fat-liking"). Such non-polar solvents are themselves lipophilic, and the adage "like dissolves like" generally holds true. Thus lipophilic substances tend to dissolve in other lipophilic substances, whereas hydrophilic ("water-loving") substances tend to dissolve in water and other hydrophilic substances.

Lipophilicity, hydrophobicity, and non-polarity may describe the same tendency towards participation in the London dispersion force, as the terms are often used interchangeably. However, the terms "lipophilic" and "hydrophobic" are not synonymous, as can be seen with silicones and fluorocarbons, which are hydrophobic but not lipophilic.
1st Special Purpose Air and Missile Defense Army
The 1st Moscow Order of Lenin Special Purpose Air and Missile Defense Army (Russian: 1-я Московская ордена Ленина армия противовоздушной и противоракетной обороны особого назначения) is a military formation of the Russian Air and Missile Defense Forces tasked with defending assets of high strategic value in Russia, primarily the Moscow region and its surroundings where much of the military leadership is located together with a large part of the Russian population centers. The unit is the only one equipped with the A-135M anti-ballistic missile system.

Air and Missile Defense Forces
The Air and Missile Defense Forces (Russian: Войска противовоздушной и противоракетной обороны, Войска ПВО-ПРО or Voiska PVO-PRO) is one of three branches of the Russian Aerospace Forces. The branch was formed in 2015 during the creation of the Russian Aerospace Forces as the branch responsible for all strategic land-based air defense.

The Air Defense Forces (PVO) were a separate branch of the Russian Armed Forces from 1992 until 1998, when it was merged into the Russian Air Force. In 2010 the four corps and seven divisions of the PVO within the Air Force were reorganized into 11 anti-air defense brigades.

The primary combat formation of the branch is the 1st Special Purpose Air and Missile Defense Army. It includes nine surface-to-air missile regiments, with four equipped with the S-300 system and five with the S-400 and Pantsir systems.
Jack Rabinovitch
Jack Rabinovitch (24 June 1930 – 6 August 2017)  OC, O.Ont was a Canadian philanthropist best known for founding the Giller Prize which is named after his late wife, Doris Giller, who was a  literary columnist for the Toronto Star.

Doris Giller
Doris Giller (22 January 1931 – 25 April 1993) was a Canadian journalist, who was best known as a literary editor for the Montreal Gazette and the Toronto Star and as the namesake of the Giller Prize.

Giller was born in Montreal, Quebec on 22 January 1931 to Russian Jewish immigrants Nancy and Edward Giller.

Giller first entered journalism in 1963 as a reporter and feature writer for the Montreal Star, eventually working her way up to positions as night editor, lifestyles editor and entertainment editor, also working as the paper's correspondent in Israel for a time in 1972.  After the Montreal Star's demise in 1979, she joined the Gazette as book review editor, expanding and relaunching the paper's books section.

Giller and her husband Jack Rabinovitch moved to Toronto in 1985, where Giller joined the Toronto Star as a books editor and columnist in 1988. She remained with the paper until her death in 1993 of cancer.
Hospital of St Cross, Rugby
The Hospital of St Cross is a National Health Service hospital on Barby Road, in Rugby, Warwickshire, England, managed by the University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust. It is on the south edge of Rugby above a steep slope running down to the Sow Brook valley.

University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (UHCW) runs University Hospital Coventry and the Hospital of St Cross situated in Rugby, Warwickshire. The trust works in partnership with the University of Warwick's Warwick Medical School.
Tumlin-Wykień
Tumlin-Wykień [ˈtumlin ˈvɨkʲɛɲ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miedziana Góra, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Miedziana Góra and 9 km (6 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Miedziana Góra
Gmina Miedziana Góra is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Miedziana Góra, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 70.84 square kilometres (27.4 sq mi), and as of 2007 its total population is 10,090.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Suchedniów-Oblęgorek Landscape Park.
Apo Reef Lighthouse
The Apo Reef Light was a historic lighthouse built on Bajo Apo Island in Apo Reef Natural Park. The park is located in the middle of Mindoro Strait, west of the province of Occidental Mindoro, in the Philippines.  The station was established to warn ships of the dangerous shallow reefs in that part of the strait.

The original tower was the tallest lighthouse tower ever erected in the Philippines.  The 118-ft (36.0-m) tall structure was an iron skeletal tower with a central cylinder, reinforced by a hexagonal frame and topped with the lantern room with two levels of gallery.

Apo Reef
Apo Reef is a coral reef system in the Philippines situated in the western waters of Occidental Mindoro province in the Mindoro Strait. Encompassing 34 km2 (13 sq mi), it is considered the world's second-largest contiguous coral reef system, and is the largest in the country. The reef and its surrounding waters are protected areas administered as the Apo Reef Natural Park (ARNP).  It is one of the best known and most popular diving regions in the country, and is on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Ritu Dhrub
Ritu Dhrub (born 16 October 1994) is an Indian former cricketer. She played for the Assam women's cricket team in domestic matches.

She was born in Delhi, and is based in Sivasagar, Assam where she is employed in Railways. She made her international debut against Bangladesh in April 2013.

Assam women's cricket team
The Assam women's cricket team is a women's cricket team that represents the Indian state of Assam. The team competes in the Women's Senior One Day Trophy and, since 2008–09, in the Women's Senior T20 Trophy.