hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of genocide studies
Below is an outline of articles on the academic field of genocide studies and subjects closely and directly related to the field of genocide studies; this is not an outline of acts or events related to genocide or topics loosely or sometimes related to the field of genocide studies. The Event outlines section contains links to outlines of acts of genocide.

International Association of Genocide Scholars
The International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) is an international organization that seeks to further research and teaching about the nature, causes, and consequences of genocide. The IAGS also advances policy studies on the prevention of genocide. The official peer-reviewed academic journal of the association is called Genocide Studies and Prevention.

With over 500 members as of 2025, multiple sources describe the IAGS as the world's leading and largest organization of scholars studying genocide and crimes against humanity.
Hofstra Pride baseball
The Hofstra Pride baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball team of Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and are members of the Colonial Athletic Association.

The Pride play home games at University Field in Hempstead.

The team's head coach is former MLB infielder / outfielder Frank Catalanotto.

University Field (Hofstra)
University Field is a baseball venue in Hempstead, New York, United States.  It is home to the Hofstra Pride baseball team of the NCAA Division I Colonial Athletic Association.  The facility has a capacity of 400 spectators.  The field features a Competition Turf artificial surface in the infield and a natural grass surface in the outfield.
King's Bridge, Glasgow
King's Bridge is a road bridge spanning the River Clyde in Glasgow, Scotland. The bridge links Hutchesontown to the west (left bank) and Glasgow Green to the east (right bank) near the city centre.

King's Bridge, which carries the A74, is the second such structure crossing the river at that point. The original was wooden and completed in 1901, opening on the same day as the original Polmadie Bridge nearby. The current, wider version was built in 1933 and has four 21-metre spans containing a series of rivetted steel plate girders which support the reinforced concrete bridge deck. With deep foundations, the piers divide at low level to create the arches. The bridge is a low-level bridge and was built by the Sir William Arrol & Co. firm to a design by TPM Somers.

Glasgow Green
Glasgow Green is a park in the east end of Glasgow, Scotland, on the north bank of the River Clyde. Established in the 15th century, it is the oldest park in the city. It connects to the south via the St Andrew's Suspension Bridge.
Norberto Bobbio
Norberto Bobbio (Italian: [norˈbɛrto ˈbɔbbjo]; 18 October 1909 – 9 January 2004) was an Italian philosopher of law and political sciences and a historian of political thought. He also wrote regularly for the Turin-based daily La Stampa.
Bobbio was a social liberal in the tradition of Piero Gobetti, Carlo Rosselli, Guido Calogero, and Aldo Capitini. He was also strongly influenced by Hans Kelsen and Vilfredo Pareto. He was considered one of the greatest Italian intellectuals of the 20th century.

The Future of Democracy
The Future of Democracy: A Defence of the Rules of the Game (Italian: Il futuro della democrazia) is a 1984 book by the Italian political scientist Norberto Bobbio. It was published in English in 1987 by the University of Minnesota Press.
Hatten Site
Hatten site (八天遺跡, Hatten iseki) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Jōmon period settlement in what is now part of the city of Kitakami, Iwate in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1978.

Kitakami, Iwate
Kitakami (北上市, Kitakami-shi) is a city located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 92,311, and a population density of 210 persons per km2 in 37,085 households. The total area of the city is 437.55 square kilometres (168.94 sq mi). The city is famous for the sakura that bloom in Tenshochi Park.
Cave-In-Rock, Illinois
Cave-In-Rock is a village in Hardin County, Illinois, United States. Its principal feature and tourist attraction is nearby Cave-In-Rock, on the banks of the Ohio River. In 1816, the earliest known permanent white settlers arrived and started building a town near the cave. The town was originally known as Rock and Cave, Illinois, with a post office under this name. On October 24, 1849, the town was officially renamed Cave-In-Rock. Cave-In-Rock was incorporated as a village in 1901. The population was 228 at the 2020 census.

Beginning in the 1790s, Cave-in-Rock became a refuge stronghold for frontier outlaws, on the run from the law which included river pirates and highwaymen Samuel Mason and James Ford, tavern owner/highwayman Isaiah L. Potts, serial killers/bandits the Harpe brothers, counterfeiters Philip Alston, Peter Alston, John Duff, Eson Bixby, and the Sturdivant Gang, and the post-American Civil War bandit, Logan Belt.

River pirate
A river pirate is a pirate who operates along a river. The term has been used to describe many different kinds of pirate groups who carry out riverine attacks in Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, and South America. They are usually prosecuted under national, not international law.
Henry Nelson Wieman
Henry Nelson Wieman (1884–1975) was an American philosopher and theologian. He became the most famous proponent of theocentric naturalism and the empirical method in American theology and catalyzed the emergence of religious naturalism in the latter part of the 20th century. He has two grandsons who are prominent physicists, Carl Wieman and Howard Wieman, and his son-in-law Huston Smith was a prominent scholar in religious studies.

Huston Smith
Huston Cummings Smith (May 31, 1919 – December 30, 2016) was an American-Chinese scholar of religious studies, He authored at least thirteen books on world's religions and philosophy, and his book about  comparative religion, The World's Religions (originally titled The Religions of Man) sold over three million copies as of 2017.

Born and raised in Suzhou, China, in an American Methodist missionary family, Smith moved back to the United States at the age of 17 and graduated from the University of Chicago in 1945 with a PhD in religious studies, focusing on the philosophy of religion. He spent the majority of his academic career as a professor at Washington University in St. Louis (1947–1958), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1958–1973) and Syracuse University (1973–1983). In 1983, he retired from Syracuse and moved to Berkeley, California, where he was a visiting professor of religious studies at the University of California, Berkeley, until his death.
Assemini
Assemini (Italian: [asˈsɛːmini]; Sardinian: Assèmini [aˈsemini]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Cagliari in the plain of the Cixerri, Flumini Mannu and Sa Nuxedda rivers. It has 25,577 inhabitants.

It includes forest areas which are part of the Sulcis Regional Park. It also has a long tradition in the production of ceramics, starting in the Carthaginian era.

Assemini is part of the Cagliari metropolitan area and borders the following municipalities: Cagliari, Capoterra, Decimomannu, Elmas, Nuxis, San Sperate, Santadi, Sarroch, Sestu, Siliqua, Uta and Villa San Pietro.

San Sperate
San Sperate (Sardinian: Santu Sperau) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cagliari. It has a population of 8 323 and an area of 26.2 square kilometres (10.1 sq mi).

San Sperate borders the following municipalities: Assemini, Decimomannu, Monastir, Sestu, Villasor.
Embossing tape
Embossing tape is a labelling medium usually of hard plastic. Embossing tape is used with embossing machines, often handheld. The company name and trademark "Dymo" is often associated with this sort of label as their CEO Rudolph Hurwich first introduced it as a consumer product in 1958. Embossing tape has largely been replaced with thermal transfer printing tape used by label printers.

Label
A label (as distinct from signage) is a piece of paper, plastic film, cloth, metal, or other material affixed to a container or product. Labels are most often affixed to packaging and containers using an adhesive, or sewing when affixed to clothing. Labels contain printed information or symbols about the product or item. Information printed directly on a container or article can also be considered labelling.

Labels have many uses, including promotion and providing information on a product's origin, the manufacturer (e.g., brand name), use, safety, shelf-life and disposal, some or all of which may be governed by legislation such as that for food in the UK or United States. Methods of production and attachment to packaging are many and various and may also be subject to internationally recognised standards. In many countries, hazardous products such as poisons or flammable liquids must have a warning label.
Allentown, Pennsylvania
Allentown is a city in eastern Pennsylvania, United States. The county seat of Lehigh County, it is the third-most populous city in Pennsylvania, with a population of 125,845 as of the 2020 census. It is also the most populous city in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the nation as of 2020.

Founded in 1762, Allentown is located on the Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the Delaware River. It is the largest of three adjacent cities, including Bethlehem and Easton in Lehigh and Northampton counties, in the Lehigh Valley region. Allentown is located 48 miles (77 km) north of Philadelphia and 78 miles (126 km) west of New York City.

Little Lehigh Creek
Little Lehigh Creek is approximately 24.0 miles (38.6 km) long and is located in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. It is sometimes referred to as the Little Lehigh River. It is the largest tributary of the Lehigh River.

The creek flows in a winding course through the Lehigh Valley. It originates in Longswamp Township in Berks County and flows generally northeast through Lower Macungie Township and Salisbury Township. In the city of Allentown, it receives Jordan Creek, just before flowing into the Lehigh River.

The Little Lehigh has 88.8 square miles (230.0 km2) of drainage area in Lehigh County and 18.7 square miles (48.4 km2) of drainage area in Berks County.
Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
In chemistry, a trigonal pyramid is a molecular geometry with one atom at the apex and three atoms at the corners of a trigonal base, resembling a tetrahedron (not to be confused with the tetrahedral geometry). When all three atoms at the corners are identical, the molecule belongs to point group C3v. Some molecules and ions with trigonal pyramidal geometry are the pnictogen hydrides (XH3), xenon trioxide (XeO3), the chlorate ion, ClO−3, and the sulfite ion, SO2−3. In organic chemistry, molecules which have a trigonal pyramidal geometry are sometimes described as sp3 hybridized. The AXE method for VSEPR theory states that the classification is AX3E1.

Tetrahedral molecular geometry
In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron. The bond angles are arccos(−⁠1/3⁠) = 109.4712206...° ≈ 109.5° when all four substituents are the same, as in methane (CH4) as well as its heavier analogues. Methane and other perfectly symmetrical tetrahedral molecules belong to point group Td, but most tetrahedral molecules have lower symmetry. Tetrahedral molecules can be chiral.
Teaching Practice: Idiot Girls and School Ghost 2
Teaching Practice: Idiot Girls and School Ghost 2 (Korean: 교생실습) is a 2025 South Korean comedy horror film written and directed by Kim Min-ha, and starring Han Sun-hwa,  Hong Ye-ji, Lee Yeo-reum (WJSN Yeoreum), Lee Hwa-won, and Yoo Seon-ho. It is a standalone sequel to the 2024 film Idiot Girls and School Ghost: School Anniversary. The film had its world premiere at the 29th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival (BIFAN) on July 5, 2025. It will have its theatrical release in 2026.

The film blends horror and comedy to reflect on the collapse of teacher authority and public education, as well as the disappearance of Korea’s traditional educational institutions, with a student teacher, played by actress Han Sun-hwa, serving as the central protagonist, who must navigate these challenges to protect her students.

Idiot Girls and School Ghost: School Anniversary
Idiot Girls and School Ghost: School Anniversary (Korean: 아메바 소녀들과 학교괴담: 개교기념일) is a 2024 South Korean comedy horror film written and directed by Kim Min-ha, and starring Kim Do-yeon, Son Ju-yeon (WJSN Eunseo), Jeong Ha-dam, and Kang Shin-hee. The film had its world premiere at the 28th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival (BIFAN) on July 7, 2024. It had its theatrical release on November 6, 2024.

The film blends horror and comedy in a school ghost story to satirize Korea’s exam-centered education system, highlighting the extreme pressure and high stakes faced by students.

It was followed by a standalone sequel, Teaching Practice: Idiot Girls and School Ghost 2, which premiered in July 2025.
Malvern, Victoria
Malvern (/ˈmɒlvərn/ ) is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, eight kilometres south-east of the Melbourne central business district, located within the City of Stonnington local government area. Malvern recorded a population of 9,929 at the 2021 census.

Caulfield Grammar School
Caulfield Grammar School is a private, co-educational, Anglican, International Baccalaureate, day and boarding school, located in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1881 as a boys' school, Caulfield Grammar began admitting girls exactly one hundred years later. The school amalgamated with Malvern Memorial Grammar School (MMGS) in 1961, with the MMGS campus becoming Malvern Campus.

Caulfield Grammar has three-day campuses in Victoria, Caulfield (Years 7–12), Wheelers Hill (K–Year 12), and Malvern House (K–Year 6). It has an outdoor education campus at Yarra Junction, and a student centre in Nanjing, China where the Year 9 internationalism programme is conducted. Caulfield Grammar is the second largest school in Victoria, currently catering for 3,315 students.
AC Castellettese
Associazione Calcio Castellettese is an Italian association football club located in Castelletto sopra Ticino, Piedmont. It currently plays in Group A of the Eccellenza Piedmont, after having been directly relegated from Serie D in 2006/07. Its colors are white and blue.

Castelletto sopra Ticino
Castelletto sopra Ticino, also referred to by locals as Castelletto Ticino or just Castelletto, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 100 km (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 30 km (19 mi) north of Novara. Celtic inscriptions have been found.
Hiraab Imamate
The Hiraab Imamate (Somali: Saldanadda Hiraab), also known as the Yacquubi Dynasty, was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the 16th century till the 19th century until it was incorporated into Italian Somaliland. The Imamate was governed by the Hiraab Yacquub Dynasty. It was founded by Imam Omar who successfully rebelled against and defeated the Ajuran Sultanate, later establishing an independent kingdom.

Abgaal
The Abgaal  (Somali: Abgaal; Arabic: أبگال) are a Somali sub-clan of the Hawiye and the even larger Samaale clan. This prominent Somali clan, despite being one of the youngest in Somalia, is one of the most significant in the nation's history and has given rise to many notable figures, including three presidents, including the current one as well as the founding father of the Somali military. Their stronghold is the capital city of Somalia, Mogadishu, where they are known to be the earliest inhabitants and they currently constitute the majority of the population there.
Dorothy Hewett
Dorothy Coade Hewett AM (21 May 1923 – 25 August 2002) was an Australian playwright, poet and author. She wrote in a number of different literary styles: modernism, socialist realism, expressionism and avant garde. She was a member of the Australian Communist Party in the 1950s and 1960s, which informed her work during that period.

In her lifetime she had 22 plays performed, and she published nine collections of poetry, three novels and other prose works. There have been four anthologies of her poetry.

Bonbons and Roses for Dolly
Bonbons and Roses for Dolly, Dorothy Hewett's fourth full-length play, was written in 1971, soon after The Chapel Perilous. It begins with the rise to riches of three generations of a family, and the opening of their new picture house, the Crystal Palace. Over the years the cinema descends into ruin. The daughter Dolly inherits the decaying theatre. She symbolically shoots her grandparents and parents, then herself, as her dreams crumble.
Talon (cards)
In card games, a talon ([taˈlɔ̃]; French for "heel") is a stack of undealt cards that is placed on the table to be used during the game. Depending on the game or region, they may also be referred to as the blind, kitty, skat, stock, tapp or widow (US).

Dobbm
Dobbm or Tappen is a card game played in the Stubai valley in Austria and is one of a family of games derived from the Tarot game of Grosstarock by adapting its rules to a regular, shortened pack of 36 cards. The ranking and point value of the cards in Dobbm is typical of the family and, like its other members, one player always plays as a soloist against all the others. It is highly popular in the Stubai valley among card players of all generations, but is unknown in the surrounding regions.
Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR"
The Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" (Russian: Орден «За службу Родине в Вооружённых Силах СССР»), also known as the Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR", was a Soviet military order awarded in three classes for excellence to military personnel.

Ruslan Aushev
Ruslan Sultanovich Aushev (born 29 October 1954) is a Russian Ingush former politician. He was the President of Ingushetia from March 1993 to December 2001. He was reportedly the youngest officer in the Soviet Army to reach the rank of lieutenant general. He was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 7 May 1982 for his actions in Afghanistan. Aushev emerged as Ingushetia's most popular politician, having kept peace and stability during the First Chechen War.
Make-Up Artists & Hair Stylists Guild Award for Best Contemporary Hair Styling in Television and New Media Series
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Award for Best Contemporary Hair Styling in Television and New Media Series is one of the awards given annually to people working in the television industry by the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (MUAHS). It is presented to hair stylists who work in television, whose work has been deemed "best" in a given year. The award was first given in 2000, during the first annual awards, and was given when the awards were brought back in 2014. During the 2001 and 2002 ceremonies, as well as ceremonies from 2015 to 2018, the awards made the distinction between regular series and miniseries/television films. This was amended in 2019, when miniseries nominees were placed alongside continuing series, while television films and specials were given their own category.

Make-Up Artists & Hair Stylists Guild
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild is an American labor union representing make-up artists and hair stylists in feature films, television programs, commercials, live network events and theatrical productions in the United States.
Life of John the Baptist
The Life of John the Baptist is a book from the New Testament apocrypha, purported to be written by Serapion, Bishop of Thmuis in 390 AD. While its author claims to be a Coptic priest, the only surviving manuscripts are written in Garšūnī, i.e. Arabic language in Syriac script. The narrative of the text is an expanded biography of the biblical John the Baptist, drawing upon earlier sources in the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of James.

New Testament apocrypha
The New Testament apocrypha (singular apocryphon) are a number of writings by early Christians that give accounts of Jesus and his teachings, the nature of God, or the teachings of his apostles and of their lives. Some of these writings were cited as scripture by early Christians, but since the fifth century a widespread consensus has emerged limiting the New Testament to the 27 books of the modern canon. Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches generally do not view the New Testament apocrypha as part of the Bible.
Lucian Pulvermacher
Lucian Pulvermacher (born Earl Pulvermacher, 20 April 1918 – 30 November 2009) was an American Catholic priest and claimant to the papacy. He was the head of the True Catholic Church, a small conclavist group that elected him Pope Pius XIII in Montana in October 1998.  At the time of his death, he lived in Springdale, Washington, United States.

Sedevacantism
Sedevacantism is a traditionalist Catholic movement which holds that since the 1958 death of Pius XII the occupiers of the Holy See are not valid popes due to their espousal of one or more heresies and that, for lack of a valid pope, the See of Rome is vacant. Sedevacantism owes its origins to the rejection of the theological and disciplinary changes implemented following the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965).

The term sedevacantism is derived from the Latin phrase sede vacante, which means "the chair [of the Bishop of Rome] being vacant". The phrase is commonly used to refer specifically to a vacancy of the Holy See which takes place from the pope's death or renunciation to the election of his successor.

The number of sedevacantists is unknown and difficult to measure; estimates range from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. Various factions of conclavists among sedevacantists have proceeded to end the perceived vacancy in the Holy See by electing their own pope.
Aichach-Friedberg
Aichach-Friedberg is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck and Landsberg, as well as by the city of Augsburg.

Donau-Ries
Donau-Ries (Danube-Ries) is a Landkreis (district) in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Ansbach, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen, Eichstätt, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Aichach-Friedberg, Augsburg and Dillingen, and by the state of Baden-Württemberg (districts of Heidenheim and Ostalbkreis).