hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cinq-Mars (novel)
Cinq-Mars is an 1826 historical novel by the French writer Alfred de Vigny. It portrays the rebellious conspiracy of Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars during the reign of Louis XIII. Cinq-Mars unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow the Chief Minister Cardinal Richelieu and was executed. This and other early French historical novels A Chronicle of the Reign of Charles IX (1829) and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) were inspired by the popularity of British author Walter Scott's Waverley novels in France. It was de Vigny's only novel and also reflected the Gothic tone of the works of Ann Radcliffe.

Several artists produced paintings based on the novel over the next few years including Claudius Jacquand and Paul Delaroche's who painted The State Barge of Cardinal Richelieu on the Rhône in 1829. The 1877 opera Cinq-Mars composed by Charles Gounod was also inspired by the novel.

A Chronicle of the Reign of Charles IX
A Chronicle of the Reign of Charles IX (French: Chronique du règne de Charles IX) is an 1829 historical novel by the French writer Prosper Mérimée. It portrays events leading up to the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572 during the reign of Charles IX. The novel takes place at the time of the French Wars of Religion. Although many  leading historical figures of the era appear including Charles IX, his mother Catherine de' Medici and the Huguenot leader Admiral Coligny, the focus is on two brothers one of whom is Catholic and the other Protestant. It was part of wave of French historical novels including Alfred de Vigny's Cinq-Mars and Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, inspired by the works of British author Walter Scott who enjoyed great popularity in France.
Ang Mo Kio MRT station
Ang Mo Kio MRT station is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Ang Mo Kio, Singapore.

Located at the junction of Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3 and Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8, beside Ang Mo Kio Town Garden East, the station is connected to AMK Hub, Ang Mo Kio Bus Interchange and the Ang Mo Kio Town Centre via an underground walkway.

Opened on 7 November 1987, Ang Mo Kio station is one of the five stations that collectively make up Singapore's oldest MRT stations. This station will become an interchange station along the Cross Island Line in 2030.

AMK Hub
AMK Hub (abbreviation for Ang Mo Kio Hub) (Chinese: 宏茂桥坊) is a suburban shopping mall located in Ang Mo Kio, within the North-East Region of Singapore. It is connected to Ang Mo Kio Bus Interchange which is linked to Ang Mo Kio MRT station via an underpass. The shopping mall has 48,250 square metres of gross floor area and 350,000 square feet (33,000 m2) of retail space.
Grave monument from Kallithea
The Grave Monument from Kallithea is a tomb of a family of metics from Histria (Nikeratos and his son Polyxenos), which was excavated in Kallithea (Athens, Greece). The monument itself dates back to around 320 BCE and contains a polychrome frieze. It is currently located at the Piraeus Archaeological Museum. This grave monument was built outside the Long Walls leading to Piraeus.

Kallithea
Kallithea (Greek: Καλλιθέα, meaning "beautiful view") is a suburb in Athens agglomeration and a municipality in south Athens regional unit. It is the eighth largest municipality in Greece (97,616 inhabitants, 2021 census), as well as the fourth biggest in the Athens urban area (following municipalities of Athens, Piraeus, and Peristeri). Additionally, it is the 2nd most densely populated municipality in Greece and one of the most densely populated cities in the world, with 20,240/km2 (52,400/sq mi). The municipality has an area of 4.749 km2 (1.834 sq mi).
Chiral resolution
Chiral resolution, or enantiomeric resolution, is a process in stereochemistry for the separation of racemic mixture into their enantiomers. It is an important tool in the production of optically active compounds, including drugs. Another term with the same meaning is optical resolution.

The use of chiral resolution to obtain enantiomerically pure compounds has the disadvantage of necessarily discarding at least half of the starting racemic mixture. Asymmetric synthesis of one of the enantiomers is one means of avoiding this waste.

Enantioselective synthesis
Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, is a form of chemical synthesis. It is defined by IUPAC as "a chemical reaction (or reaction sequence) in which one or more new elements of chirality are formed in a substrate molecule and which produces the stereoisomeric (enantiomeric or diastereomeric) products in unequal amounts."

Put more simply: it is the synthesis of a compound by a method that favors the formation of a specific enantiomer or diastereomer. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have opposite configurations at every chiral center. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that differ at one or more chiral centers.

Enantioselective synthesis is a key process in modern chemistry and is particularly important in the field of pharmaceuticals, as the different enantiomers or diastereomers of a molecule often have different biological activity.
Music Choice
Music Choice (abbreviated as MC) is an American television music service that digitally broadcasts audio-based music channels and video-related content to cable television providers in the United States. In 2016, it reached 72 million households in North America via linear television channels and TV-on-demand services.

Music Choice is distributed nationwide by Xfinity, Spectrum, Cox Communications, Verizon Fios, DirecTV, and other smaller cable providers. Similar broadcast music services include DMX, Stingray Music (Canada-based), SiriusXM, and XITE (Europe-based).

Stingray Music
Stingray Music is a Canada-based international multi-platform audio service that broadcasts continuous streaming music and other forms of audio on multiple channel feeds. The service is owned by Stingray Group. It was originally founded in 1997 as Galaxie by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation before it was acquired by Stingray in 2011; but adopted its present name in 2014.

While a song is playing on the audio, channel name, artist, song, Stingray's web address and genre-themed clip art are displayed on every music channel.
Bourbon Restoration in France
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814 and 1815. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France, which had been profoundly changed by the French Revolution. Exhausted by the Napoleonic Wars, the kingdom experienced a period of internal and external peace, stable economic prosperity and the preliminaries of industrialisation. The July Revolution of 1830 effectively ended the restoration during the reign of Charles X, brother of the late King Louis XVI, leading to the July Monarchy and eventually the French Second Republic.

Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
Louis Antoine of France, Duke of Angoulême (6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844) was the elder son of Charles X of France and the last Dauphin of France from 1824 to 1830.

He was a petit-fils de France at birth, and was initially known as Louis Antoine d'Artois. After his father's accession to the throne, he became Dauphin de France, and his surname changed to de France, following the royal custom for princes with such rank.
Aperschnalzen
Aperschnalzen (Austro-Bavarian Apaschnoizn) is an old tradition of competitive whipcracking revived in the first half of the 20th century in Bavaria and Salzburg. The word "aper" means "area free of snow" in the Bavarian language.

The Aperschnalzen involves the rhythmic snapping and cracking of a whip up to 4 m in length (called "Goassl" in Austro-Bavarian) and takes place at the end of January and early February. It is performed in small groups ("Passen" in Bavarian) of 7, 9 or 11 members each. It has been thought that this tradition had a pagan meaning of "driving the winter away" by whipcracking.

The whip

Different whip models

The cracker

Whipcracking
Whipcracking is the act of producing a cracking sound through the use of a whip. Used during livestock driving and horse riding, it has also become an art. A rhythmic whipcracking  belongs to the traditional culture among various Germanic peoples of Bavaria (Goaßlschnalzen), various Alpine areas (Aperschnalzen), Austria, and Hungary (Ostorozás).  Today it is a performing art, a part of rodeo show in United States, a competitive sport in Australia and increasingly popular in the United Kingdom, where it crosses boundaries of sport, hobby and performance.
Saraburi province
Saraburi (Thai: สระบุรี) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand.  Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Lopburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Nayok, Pathum Thani, and Ayutthaya. It is believed to have been constructed in the year 1548 during the reign of King Maha Chakkraphat of Ayutthaya as a centre for recruiting troops.

Pathum Thani province
Pathum Thani (Thai: ปทุมธานี, pronounced [pā.tʰūm tʰāːnīː]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise): Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok, Chachoengsao, Bangkok, and Nonthaburi.

The province is north of Bangkok and is part of the Bangkok metropolitan area. In many places, the boundary between the two provinces is not noticeable as both sides of the boundary are equally urbanized. Pathum Thani town is the administrative seat, but Ban Rangsit, seat of Thanyaburi district, is the largest populated place in the province.

Pathum Thani is an old province, heavily populated by the Mon people, dotted with 186 temples and parks. The Dream World amusement park is here.
Clauzetto
Clauzetto (standard Friulian: Clausêt; Western Friulian: Clausiet) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Pordenone.

Clauzetto borders the following municipalities: Castelnovo del Friuli, Pinzano al Tagliamento, Tramonti di Sotto, Vito d'Asio.

German war graves in Vito d'Asio

War graves of the Battle of Pradis

Tramonti di Sotto
Tramonti di Sotto (Friulian: Tramonç Disot, locally Vildisot) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It is located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Pordenone. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 444 and an area of 84.6 square kilometres (32.7 sq mi).

Tramonti di Sotto borders the following municipalities: Castelnovo del Friuli, Clauzetto, Frisanco, Meduno, Preone, Socchieve, Tramonti di Sopra, Travesio, Verzegnis, Vito d'Asio.
String Quartet No. 14 (Mozart)
The String Quartet No. 14 in G major, K. 387, nicknamed the "Spring" quartet, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1782 in Vienna. In the composer's inscription on the title page of the autograph score is stated: li 31 di decembre 1782 in vienna. The work was perhaps edited in 1783. This is the first of the Haydn Quartets, a set of six string quartets he wrote during his first few years in Vienna and dedicated to Joseph Haydn.

G major
G major is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯. Its key signature has one sharp.  Its relative minor is E minor and its parallel minor is G minor.

The G major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Coordinate time
In the theory of relativity, it is convenient to express results in terms of a spacetime coordinate system relative to an implied observer. In many (but not all) coordinate systems, an event is specified by one time coordinate and three spatial coordinates. The time specified by the time coordinate is referred to as coordinate time to distinguish it from proper time.

In the special case of an inertial observer in special relativity, by convention the coordinate time at an event is the same as the proper time measured by a clock that is at the same location as the event, that is stationary relative to the observer and that has been synchronised to the observer's clock using the Einstein synchronisation convention.

Time dilation
Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity, a consequence of special relativity, or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations due to gravitational time dilation. When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity. The dilation compares "wristwatch" clock readings between events measured in different inertial frames and is not observed by visual comparison of clocks across moving frames.

These predictions of the theory of relativity have been repeatedly confirmed by experiment, and they are of practical concern, for instance in the operation of satellite navigation systems such as GPS and Galileo.
JaMarcus Russell
JaMarcus Trenell Russell (born August 9, 1985) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for three seasons with the Oakland Raiders. He played college football for the LSU Tigers, winning the Manning Award as a junior en route to becoming the most valuable player of the 2007 Sugar Bowl.

Russell was selected first overall by the Raiders in the 2007 NFL draft, but his tenure was marked by inconsistent play and questions over his work ethic. He was released from Oakland in 2010 and, despite attempts at an NFL return, was unable to sign with another team. Due to not meeting the expectations of being the first pick and the short length of his career, he is considered one of the NFL's biggest draft busts.

Lane Kiffin
Lane Monte Kiffin (born May 9, 1975) is an American football coach who is the head football coach at Louisiana State University (LSU). He served as the head coach of the Oakland Raiders from 2007 to 2008, the University of Tennessee in 2009, USC from 2010 to 2013, Florida Atlantic from 2017 to 2019, and Ole Miss from 2020 to 2025.

He was the youngest head coach in modern NFL history at the time when he joined the Raiders (until 2017 when Sean McVay joined the Rams), and, for a time, was the youngest head coach of a power conference team in college football when he was at Tennessee and USC. Kiffin later served as the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama from 2014 until 2016, when he was hired to be the head coach at Florida Atlantic, a position he held until 2019, when he became the head coach at Ole Miss. In 2025, as his team was preparing for the playoffs, Kiffin left to become the head coach at LSU.
Rupjmaize
Rupjmaize is a traditional dark bread made from rye and is considered to be the staple of the Latvian diet. The first written references to Latvian rye bread are found in a recipes book dating back to 1901.

The bread is made in a wood fueled hearth furnace from coarse (1740. and 1800. type) rye flour, with the addition of malt and caraway seeds as ingredients, giving the bread its characteristic flavor and aroma.

It is also used to make Rupjmaizes kārtojums, a traditional Latvian dessert.

Salinātā rudzu rupjmaize is a special type of Rupjmaize, which has been sweetened by pouring hot water over (part of) the rye flour. It was registered as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed in the EU in 2013.

Latvian cuisine
Latvian cuisine typically consists of agricultural products, with meat featuring in most main dishes. Fish is commonly consumed due to Latvia's location on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea.

Latvian cuisine has been influenced by other countries of the Baltic rim. Common ingredients in Latvian recipes are found locally, such as potatoes, wheat, barley, cabbage, onions, eggs and pork. Latvian cuisine is markedly seasonal, and every season has its own distinctive products and dishes.
Forastera
Forastera is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown on the islands of Ischia and Procida off the coast of Naples in Campania. In the early 21st century, DNA analysis confirmed that the Spanish wine grape variety of the same name grown in the Canary Islands is a completely different and distinct variety with no close genetic relationship to the Italian Forastera.

Forastera (Spanish grape)
Forastera is a white Spanish wine grape variety that is primarily grown in the Canary Islands. While it may have historically been used in sack production, now it is mostly a minor blending grape permitted in the Denominaciones de Origens (DOs) of the Canary Islands.
Luna Park, Melbourne
Luna Park Melbourne is a historic amusement park located on the foreshore of Port Phillip Bay in St Kilda, Melbourne, Victoria. It opened on 13 December 1912, with a formal opening a week later, and has been operating almost continuously ever since.

Tollemache Heriot Eslick
Tollemache Heriot Eslick (1877–1948), more commonly known as T. H. Eslick, who also used the name Thomas Henry Eslick, was a twice-bankrupt showman, prone to exaggeration, who indicated he was an English-born construction engineer specialising in amusement parks and ballrooms.  He was given to be a "bluff and good natured Cornishman with a hearty sense of humour and a ready wit", taller than 6 feet (1.8 m), and of good health.  Not much has been independently written of Eslick, and much information derived from newspaper interviews – the entrepreneur indicating in 1914 he was born in India, contrasting with his usual stated English origins.
Cowards Bend the Knee
Cowards Bend the Knee (also known as The Blue Hands) is a 2003 film by Guy Maddin. Maddin directed Cowards Bend the Knee while in pre-production on The Saddest Music in the World, shooting entirely on Super-8mm film with a budget of $30,000.

The feature film was initially developed as a series of ten short films, commissioned as part of an installation art project by Toronto art gallery The Power Plant (curated by Philip Monk). Cowards Bend the Knee is the first in Maddin's "autobiographical 'Me Trilogy'" of feature films starring protagonists named "Guy Maddin," the second being Brand Upon the Brain! (2006) and the third My Winnipeg (2007).

Maddin based the film's premise loosely on the story The Hands of Ida and Euripides's play Medea, although Maddin also claims that the film can be viewed as an autobiography (although the events of his life are not being represented so much as the events of his inner life).

My Winnipeg
My Winnipeg is a 2007 Canadian film directed and written by Guy Maddin with dialogue by George Toles. Described by Maddin as a "docu-fantasia", that melds "personal history, civic tragedy, and mystical hypothesizing", the film is a surrealist mockumentary about Winnipeg, Maddin's home town. A New York Times article described the film's unconventional take on the documentary style by noting that it "skates along an icy edge between dreams and lucidity, fact and fiction, cinema and psychotherapy".

My Winnipeg began when Maddin was commissioned by the Documentary Channel, and originally titled Love Me, Love My Winnipeg. Maddin's producer told him "Don't give me the frozen hellhole everyone knows that Winnipeg is" so Maddin cast Darcy Fehr in the role of "Guy Maddin" and structured the documentary around a metafictional plot that mythologizes the city and Maddin's autobiography.
SS America (1939)
SS America was an ocean liner and cruise ship built in the United States in 1940 for the United States Lines and designed by the noted American naval architect William Francis Gibbs. It carried many names in the 54 years between its construction and its 1994 wreck: SS America (carrying this name three different times during its career); troop transport USS West Point; and SS Australis, Italis, Noga, Alferdoss, and American Star. It served most notably in passenger service as America and the Greek-flagged Australis.

Sold with the intention of being refitted to become a hotel ship, while being towed to Thailand she was wrecked as American Star at Playa de Garcey on Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands on 18 January 1994. The wreck deteriorated and completely collapsed into the sea. By 2024 it was no longer visible on the ocean surface and had become an artificial reef.

USS Mount Vernon (AP-22)
USS Mount Vernon (AP-22) was a troop transport that served with the United States Navy during World War II. Prior to her military service, she was a luxury ocean liner named SS Washington.

Washington was launched in May 1933 by the New York Shipbuilding Company of Camden, New Jersey, and operated as a passenger liner from New York City to Plymouth, England, and Hamburg, Germany. Renamed Mount Vernon 6 June 1941, the liner was acquired by the Navy 16 June 1941 and commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard the same day, Captain Donald B. Beary in command.

Converted for naval use by Philadelphia Navy Yard, Mount Vernon trained along the east coast while mounting tension in the Far East drew the United States toward participation in World War II.
Jim McFadden
James Alexander McFadden (April 15, 1920 – August 22, 2002) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. He was born in Belfast, United Kingdom and raised in Darlingford, Manitoba, in the Opawaka district. One of six players born in Ireland to play in the National Hockey League, McFadden played for the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Black Hawks between 1947 and 1954, as well as several years in different minor leagues. He is the uncle of Bill Mikkelson, and the great-uncle of Bill's son, Brendan and daughter Meaghan.

Bill Mikkelson
William Robert Mikkelson (born May 21, 1948) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League from 1971 to 1977. Mikkelson is known for posting the worst plus/minus rating in single-season NHL history at -82 for the Washington Capitals in 1974–75.
Thomas Thomson (advocate)
Thomas Thomson FRSE FSA Scot (10 November 1768 – 2 October 1852) was a Scottish advocate, antiquarian and archivist who served as Principal Clerk of Session (1828–1852) and as secretary of the literary section of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1812–20).

Principal Clerk of Session and Justiciary
The Principal Clerk of Session and Justiciary is the clerk of court responsible for the administration of the Supreme Courts of Scotland and their associated staff. The Keeper of the Signet grants a commission to the Principal Clerk of Session to allow His Majesty's Signet to be used.

Gillian Prentice was the first woman to hold the post. The Principal Clerk as of February 2024 is Yvonne Taylor.

The modern office unites the originally separate offices of Principal Clerk of Session (of the Court of Session) and Principal Clerk of Justiciary (of the High Court of Justiciary).

The Crown Agent takes directions from the Principal Clerk of Justiciary when arranging sittings of the High Court of Justiciary.