hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cam and Dursley railway station
Cam and Dursley railway station is a railway station serving the large village of Cam and the market town of Dursley in Gloucestershire, England. It is located on the main Bristol-Birmingham line, between Yate and Gloucester, at a site close to where Coaley Junction railway station was situated from 1856 to 1965.

Cam, Gloucestershire
Cam is a large village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England, situated on the edge of the Cotswolds and contiguous with the town of Dursley,  north of Bristol and south of Gloucester. The Cotswold Way runs less than a mile from the village.

Cam had 8,160 residents with 3,575 households in the 2011 census. Its population is actually larger than neighbouring Dursley, which is a town. The population is planned to grow, with new developments near the railway station increasing the number of households by about 12%.
Malha
Malha is a neighborhood in southwest Jerusalem, between Pat, Ramat Denya and Kiryat Hayovel in the Valley of Rephaim. Before 1948, Malha was an Arab village known as al-Maliha (Arabic: المالحة).

Malha is now an upscale neighborhood featuring the Malha Shopping Mall, Teddy Stadium, and the Jerusalem Technology Park.

Ramat Denya
Ramat Denya (Hebrew: רמת דניה) (lit. "Denya Heights") is a neighborhood in southwest Jerusalem. It was established in 1970 between Kiryat Hayovel and Bayit Vegan, 780 meters above sea level. Denya was the name of the development company that built the first apartment buildings.
Power transform
In statistics, a power transform is a family of functions applied to create a monotonic transformation of data using power functions. It is a data transformation technique used to stabilize variance, make the data more normal distribution-like, improve the validity of measures of association (such as the Pearson correlation between variables), and for other data stabilization procedures.

Power transforms are used in multiple fields, including multi-resolution and wavelet analysis, statistical data analysis, medical research, modeling of physical processes, geochemical data analysis, epidemiology and many other clinical, environmental and social research areas.

George E. P. Box
George Edward Pelham Box FRS (18 October 1919 – 28 March 2013) was a British statistician, who worked in the areas of quality control, time-series analysis, design of experiments, and Bayesian inference.  He has been called "one of the great statistical minds of the 20th century". He is famous for the quote "All models are wrong but some are useful".
Huskisson Dock
Huskisson Dock is a dock on the River Mersey, England, which forms part of the Port of Liverpool. It is situated in the northern dock system in Kirkdale. Huskisson Dock consists of a main basin nearest the river wall and two branch docks to the east. It is connected to Canada Dock to the north and Sandon Half Tide Dock to the south.

Sandon Half Tide Dock
Sandon Half Tide Dock is a half tide dock on the River Mersey, England, and part of the Port of Liverpool. It is situated in the northern dock system in Kirkdale, connected to Huskisson Dock to the north, Wellington Dock to the east and Bramley-Moore Dock to the south. Sandon Dock was situated to the north of Wellington Dock and was accessible via Sandon Half Tide Dock.
25B-NBOMe
25B-NBOMe, also known as NBOMe-2C-B, Cimbi-36, or as N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and 25-NB (NBOMe) families. It is the N-(2-methoxybenzyl) derivative of 2C-B. The drug is taken sublingually, bucally, or intranasally.

It acts as a potent full agonist for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.

25B-NBOMe was first described in the scientific literature by Ralf Heim and colleagues at the Free University of Berlin by 1999. After 25I-NBOMe and along with 25C-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe is one of the most widely used 25-NB psychedelics.

2C (psychedelics)
2C (2C-x) is a general name for the family of psychedelic phenethylamines containing methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolically stable and longer acting compounds.

Most of the early 2C drugs were developed by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and were reviewed in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved). 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs.
Nissan VG engine
The VG engine is a family of V6 engines designed and produced by Nissan between 1983 and 2004.

Japan's first mass-produced V6 engine, the iron block/aluminum head 60° VG engine was produced in displacements between 2.0 and 3.3 liters. Early versions used SOHC cylinder heads with two valves per cylinder; later models featured DOHC cylinder heads, four valves per cylinder, a slightly different engine block and N-VCT, Nissan's own version of variable valve timing, delivering a smoother idle and more torque at low to medium engine speeds.

Both production blocks and head castings were used successfully in the Nissan GTP ZX-Turbo and NPT-90 race cars which won the IMSA GT Championship three years in a row.

Nissan Leopard
The Nissan Leopard is a line of sport/luxury cars built by Japanese carmaker Nissan from 1980 to 2000. The Leopard were initially based on the Japanese market Nissan Skyline and Nissan Laurel, then later based on the chassis of their Nissan Cedric and Nissan Gloria contemporaries and were rear wheel drive. Final versions were the contributing factors to Nissan's Infiniti M and J products.

The Leopard coupe and sedan were sold exclusively in Japan at Nissan Store locations as a companion to the Fairlady Z, allowing Nissan to sell a badge engineered version of the Skyline and Laurel. The Leopard was cancelled as a result of the Nissan Revival Plan, a casualty of overproduction. It was succeeded by the Nissan Fuga.
Enterotoxin
An enterotoxin is a protein exotoxin released by a microorganism that targets the intestines. They can be chromosomally or plasmid encoded. They are heat labile (> 60 °C), of low molecular weight and water-soluble. Enterotoxins are frequently cytotoxic and kill cells by altering the apical membrane permeability of the mucosal (epithelial) cells of the intestinal wall. They are mostly pore-forming toxins (mostly chloride pores), secreted by bacteria, that assemble to form pores in cell membranes. This causes the cells to die.

Pore-forming toxin
Pore-forming proteins (PFTs, also known as pore-forming toxins) are usually produced by bacteria, and include a number of protein exotoxins but may also be produced by other organisms such as apple snails that produce perivitellin-2 or  earthworms, who produce lysenin. They are frequently cytotoxic (i.e., they kill cells), as they create unregulated pores in the membrane of targeted cells.
Fredrik Ekblom
Lars Fredrik Wilhelm Ekblom (born 6 October 1970) is a Swedish race car driver from Kumla. After an early career in single-seaters he switched to touring car racing where he won multiple titles in his native Swedish Touring Car Championship and later in the TTA – Racing Elite League.

Racing Bart Mampaey
Racing Bart Mampaey (formerly Juma Racing) is a racing team based in Mechelen, Belgium that runs the BMW Team RBM operation in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters. Previously the team had been racing in the European Touring Car Championship and World Touring Car Championship.
Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian war
The Russo-Ukrainian war has seen foreign volunteers participate on both sides of the conflict. Most foreign fighters joined the conflict during one of two waves. The first wave happened from 2014 to 2019 during the war in Donbas and consisted of approximately 17,241 foreign fighters. The second wave is considered by researchers to have been much larger and began in 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The invasion saw people of various nationalities enlist, with Ukraine forming a foreign legion and Russia recruiting mercenaries.

Georgian Legion (Ukraine)
The Georgian National Legion or Georgian Legion (Ukrainian: Грузинський національний легіон, romanized: Hruzynskyi natsionalnyi lehion; Georgian: ქართული ლეგიონი, romanized: kartuli legioni) is a military unit formed by mostly ethnic Georgian volunteers fighting on the side of Ukraine in the war in Donbas and the Russo-Ukrainian War. The unit was organized in 2014, and in 2016 it was made part of the Ukrainian Army, under the 25th Mechanized Infantry Battalion. On 15 June 2024, the unit was classified as a terrorist organization by the Russian government.

The unit was commanded by Mamuka Mamulashvili, a veteran Georgian officer.

The Georgian Legion was noted as being particularly good at recruiting Americans by Kacper Rekawek, an expert on foreign fighters in Ukraine; before the formation of the International Legion of Ukraine in 2022, most pro-Ukrainian foreign fighters served in the Georgian Legion.

As of June 2023, volunteers from 33 nationalities have joined the unit.
Eugene M. Emme Astronautical Literature Award
The Eugene M. Emme Award is an award given annually to a person or persons selected by a panel of reviewers from the American Astronautical Society History Committee to recognize "the truly outstanding book published each year serving public understanding about the positive impact of astronautics upon society." The award is in honor of Eugene M. Emme, NASA's first historian.

Asif Azam Siddiqi
Asif Azam Siddiqi is a Bangladeshi American space historian and a Guggenheim Fellowship winner. He is a professor of history at Fordham University. He specializes in the history of science and technology and modern Russian history. He has written several books on the history of space exploration.
IFAF Asia
IFAF Asia is the governing body of American football in Asia. It is a member of the International Federation of American Football. IFAF Asia replaced the Asian Federation of American Football (AFAF) in 2012. The oldest of IFAF Asia federations is the Japan American Football Association (JAFA), which was founded in 1934.

Japan American Football Association
The Japan American Football Association (JAFA) is the governing body of gridiron football in Japan which oversees middle school, high school, collegiate, club, and even corporate teams. It was founded in 1934.

Since 1984, JAFA has organized and sponsored the Rice Bowl, a championship game played between the Japanese college national champion and the X-League champion. It also organizes the Japan national American football teams.
Arzano
Arzano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region Campania, located about 9 km north of Naples.

Arzano borders the following municipalities: Casandrino, Casavatore, Casoria, Frattamaggiore, Grumo Nevano, Naples.

Casoria
Casoria (Italian: [kaˈzɔːrja], Neapolitan: [kaˈsɔːrjə]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region of Campania, located about 5 kilometres (3 miles) northeast of Naples.

Casoria borders the following municipalities: Afragola, Arzano, Cardito, Casalnuovo di Napoli, Casavatore, Frattamaggiore, Naples, Volla.
Rib
In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (Latin: costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial skeleton. In most tetrapods, ribs surround the thoracic cavity, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the thoracic cavity. They serve to protect the lungs, heart, and other vital organs of the thorax. In some animals, especially snakes, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body.

Axial skeleton
The axial skeleton is the core part of the endoskeleton made of the bones of the head and trunk of vertebrates. In the human skeleton, it consists of 80 bones and is composed of the skull (28 bones, including the cranium, mandible and the middle ear ossicles), the vertebral column (26 bones, including vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx), the rib cage (25 bones, including ribs and sternum), and the hyoid bone. The axial skeleton is joined to the appendicular skeleton (which support the limbs) via the shoulder girdles and the pelvis.
Latteridge
Latteridge is a hamlet in South Gloucestershire, England.  It lies on the B4059 road north of Iron Acton, and south of Rudgeway and Earthcott. The hamlet is divided by the B4059, there is a large village green, a railway crossing, a large duck pond and a ruined church.

Iron Acton
Iron Acton is a village, civil parish and former manor in South Gloucestershire, England. The village is about 2 miles (3 km) west of Yate and about 9 miles (14 km) northeast of the centre of Bristol. The B4058 road used to pass through the village but now by-passes it just to the north.

The "iron" part of the toponym originates from the iron that used to be mined near the village. "Acton" is derived from the Old English for "farm (or village) with oak trees". Still today there is an oak wood in the village beside the River Frome.

The civil parish also includes the smaller villages of Latteridge and Engine Common.
Optical window
The optical window is the portion of the optical spectrum that is not blocked by the Earth's atmosphere. The window runs from around 300 nanometers (ultraviolet-B) up into the range the human eye can detect, roughly 400–700 nm and continues up to approximately 2 μm. Sunlight mostly reaches the ground through the optical atmospheric window; the Sun is particularly active in most of this range (44% of the radiation emitted by the Sun falls within the visible spectrum and 49% falls within the infrared spectrum).

Radio window
The radio window is the region of the radio spectrum that penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. Typically, the lower limit of the radio window's range has a value of about 10 MHz (λ ≈ 30 m); the best upper limit achievable from optimal terrestrial observation sites is equal to approximately 1 THz (λ ≈ 0.3 mm).

It plays an important role in astronomy; up until the 1940s, astronomers could only use the visible and near infrared spectra for their measurements and observations. With the development of radio telescopes, the radio window became more and more utilizable, leading to the development of radio astronomy that provided astrophysicists with valuable observational data.
Dmitri Sukhanov
Dmitri Sukhanov (Russian: Дмитрий Суханов) is a Russian pair skater. Competing for the Soviet Union with Evgenia Chernyshova, he won gold at the 1989 World Junior Championships, after taking silver a year earlier. They were coached by Natalia Pavlova in Saint Petersburg. Sukhanov later competed with Oksana Kazakova for Russia, winning silver at the 1994 Nations Cup.

In 1995, Sukhanov retired from competition and moved to England. He began performing in shows in 1996 with his partner and wife Fiona Zaldua; they continue to perform as adagio pair skaters worldwide.

Oksana Kazakova
Oksana Borisovna Kazakova (Russian: Оксана Борисовна Казакова; born 8 April 1975) is a Russian former pair skater. With partner Artur Dmitriev, she is the 1998 Olympic champion and 1996 European champion.
Reining
Reining is a western riding competition for horses in which the riders guide the horses through a precise pattern of circles, spins, and stops. All work is done at the lope (a version of the horse gait more commonly known worldwide as the canter), or the gallop (the fastest of the horse gaits). Originating from working cattle, reining requires the horse to be responsive and in tune with its rider, whose aids should not be easily seen, and judges the horse on its ability to perform a set pattern of movements. The horse should be willingly guided or controlled with little or no apparent resistance and dictated to completely. A horse that pins his ears, conveys a threat to his rider, refuses to go forward, runs sideways, bounces his rear, wrings his tail in irritation, or displays an overall poor attitude is not being guided willingly, and is judged accordingly. If a horse jogs or breaks gait it is a 0.The Change needs to be in the middle of the arena.

American Quarter Horse Association
The American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA), based in Amarillo, Texas, United States, is an international organization dedicated to the preservation, improvement and record-keeping of the American Quarter Horse.  The association sanctions many competitive events and maintains the official registry.  The organization also houses the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame and Museum and sponsors educational programs. The organization was founded in 1940 in Fort Worth, Texas, and now has nearly 234,627 members, over 32,000 of whom are international.
Governorate (Russia)
A governorate (Russian: губе́рния, romanized: gubérniya, pre-1918 spelling: губе́рнія, IPA: [ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə] ⓘ) was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, governorates remained as subdivisions in the Byelorussian, Russian and Ukrainian Soviet republics, and in the Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 until 1929. The term is also translated as government or province. A governorate was headed by a governor (губернатор, gubernator), a word borrowed from Latin gubernator, in turn from Greek kyvernítis (Greek: κυβερνήτης).

Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor-general such as the Grand Duchy of Finland, Congress Poland, Russian Turkestan and others. There were also military governors such as Kronstadt, Vladivostok and others. Aside from governorates, other types of divisions were oblasts (region) and okrugs (district).

Timeline of the administrative division of Russia 1708–1764
The administrative division reform of 1708 was carried out by Russian Tsar Peter the Great in an attempt to improve the manageability of the vast territory of Russia. Prior to the reform, the country was subdivided into uyezds and volosts, and in the 17th century the number of the uyezds was 166.
Éditions Robert Laffont
Éditions Robert Laffont (French pronunciation: [edisjɔ̃ ʁɔbɛʁ lafɔ̃]) is a book publishing company in France founded in 1941 by Robert Laffont (1916–2010). Its publications are distributed in almost all francophone countries, but mainly in France, Canada and in Belgium.

Imprints belonging to Éditions Robert Laffont include éditions Julliard, les Seghers, Foreign Rights and NiL Éditions. In 1990, Éditions Robert Laffont was acquired by the French publishing group Groupe de La Cité. It is now part of Editis.

Éditions Robert Laffont published the Quid encyclopedia from 1975 to 2007 but announced that the 2008 edition of the encyclopedia would not be published after annual sales had fallen from a high of 400,000 to less than 100,000, apparently because of competition from online information sources such as Wikipedia.

NiL Éditions
NiL Éditions is a French publishing house founded in 1993. The name of this company comes from the contraction of the name of its founder, Nicole Lattès. It is part of the groupe Robert Laffont.

The house publishes both political and societal essays as well as French and foreign literature.
China University of Political Science and Law
The China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL; Chinese: 中国政法大学) is a national public university in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education and co-sponsored with the Beijing Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

The university focuses on the fields of law, politics, economics, management, sociology, history, and philosophy. CUPL has two campuses, one in Haidian as the original campus of the university, and the other located in Changping. At present, Haidian campus only conducts postgraduate education while undergraduates study on the larger Changping campus. In 2015, CUPL comprises 13 schools, with 15,833 students and 951 faculty members, of whom 290 are professors. CUPL maintains a broad international exchange program, with approximately 1000 foreign students from many countries.

Changping, Beijing
Changping District (Chinese: 昌平区; pinyin: Chāngpíng Qū), formerly Changping County (昌平县), is a district situated in the suburbs of north and northwest Beijing. Changping has a population of 2,269,487 as of November 2020, making it the most populous suburban district of Beijing.
Andrićev Venac
Andrićev Venac (Serbian Cyrillic: Андрићев венац; pronounced [ǎːndritɕeʋ ʋěːnats]) is a street and the surrounding urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Stari Grad. As the official seat of the President of Serbia is located in it, it became synonymous for the politics of the president.

Pioneers Park, Belgrade
Pioneers Park (Serbian: Пионирски парк) is a park in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. Developed from the royal garden, which itself was a successor of a much older garden, it is today one of the central city parks. It was open to the public between 1944 and 2025. The park has been declared a botanical natural monument.

Since 6 March 2025, the park has been fenced off and closed to public by the police. It is now used as camp of the pro-government protesters who oppose Serbian anti-corruption protests and students' blockades. During this period, the park has been heavily damaged and devastated.
Claremont High School, Kenton
Claremont High School is a co-educational, secondary school and sixth form located in Kenton, in the London Borough of Brent, United Kingdom. The headteacher is Ms Nicola Hyde-Boughey. The school has been an academy since 1 April 2011. The school has been consistently rated by Ofsted as 'outstanding' and this status remained after the most recent 2025 inspection.

Kenton, London
Kenton is a district in north-west London, England, to the east of Harrow and historically in Middlesex. As with surroundings in Harrow, Wembley and Kingsbury, the area was a product of Metroland suburbia of the early 20th century. Both the London and North Western Railway and Metropolitan Railway reached the area by the 1920s. The main road through Kenton, the east-west Kenton Road, is a busy and important road that links Harrow to the major Edgware Road. The road now forms the boundary between the London boroughs of Harrow and Brent.
Redcliffe Airport (Vanuatu)
Redcliffe Airport is one of three local airports on the island of Ambae, part of Vanuatu. (IATA: RCL, ICAO: NVSR)

Redcliffe is secondary to Vanuatu's international airport, Bauerfield.

Its runway length is 2,230 ft. and its runway elevation is 36 ft.

Ambae
Ambae, also known as Aoba, Omba, Oba, or Opa and formerly Lepers’ Island, is an island in the South Pacific island nation of Vanuatu, approximately 310 kilometres (165 nautical miles) north-northwest of Vanuatu's capital city, Port Vila.  It is also Vanuatu's largest active volcano.
Alfreð Finnbogason
Alfreð Finnbogason (born 1 February 1989) is an Icelandic former professional footballer who played as a striker and who is currently working as the Sports director of Eliteserien club Rosenborg.

With Heerenveen, Alfreð was the Dutch Eredivisie's top scorer in the 2013–14 season with 29 goals, a tally topped only by Luis Suárez, Cristiano Ronaldo and Jonathan Soriano in Europe's top leagues that season.

Alfreð made his debut for the Iceland national team against the Faroe Islands in 2010. He has earned 72 caps to date, scoring 18 goals. He was part of their squad at UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup, where he became the first Icelander to score a goal in the FIFA World Cup.

2010 Úrvalsdeild
The 2010 season of Úrvalsdeild was the 99th season of top-tier football in Iceland. It was also known as Pepsideild for sponsoring reasons. It began on 10 May 2010 and ended on 25 September 2010. Breiðablik won their first title, winning the championship on goal difference. Newly promoted sides Haukar and Selfoss were relegated to 1. deild.