hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amadori rearrangement
The Amadori rearrangement is an organic reaction describing the acid or base catalyzed isomerization or rearrangement reaction of the N-glycoside of an aldose or the glycosylamine to the corresponding 1-amino-1-deoxy-ketose.  The reaction is important in carbohydrate chemistry, specifically the glycation of hemoglobin (as measured by the HbA1c test).

The rearrangement is usually preceded by formation of a α-hydroxyimine by condensation of an amine with an aldose sugar. The rearrangement itself entails intramolecular redox reaction, converting this α-hydroxyimine to an α-ketoamine:

The formation of imines is generally reversible, but subsequent to conversion to the keto-amine, the attached amine is fixed irreversibly. This Amadori product is an intermediate in the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGE)s. The formation of an advanced glycation end-product involves the oxidation of the Amadori product.

Advanced glycation end-product
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids that become glycated after exposure to sugars. They are formed through a series of non-enzymatic reactions explained in further detail below, and their accumulation is associated with a variety of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, age-related macular degeneration (even in non-diabetic animals), and Alzheimer's disease.
Absheron District
40°27′26″N 49°44′18″E﻿ / ﻿40.457182°N 49.738348°E﻿ / 40.457182; 49.738348

Absheron District (Azerbaijani: Abşeron rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the east of the country, it belongs to the Absheron-Khizi Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khizi, Gobustan, Baku, Hajigabul, Salyan, and the city of Sumgait. Its capital and largest city is Khyrdalan. As of 2024, the district had a population of 432,816. Although the district shares the same name as the Absheron Peninsula, the area covered by the district is not conterminous, being further west and mostly inland.

Gobustan District
Gobustan District (Azerbaijani: Qobustan rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the east of the country, in the Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Shamakhi, Khizi, Absheron, and Hajigabul. Its capital and largest city is Gobustan. As of 2020, the district had a population of 47,400.
O-Cresolphthalein
o-Cresolphthalein is a phthalein dye used as a pH indicator in titrations. It is insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol. Its solution is colourless below pH 8.2, and purple above 9.8. Its molecular formula is C22H18O4. It is used medically to determine calcium levels in the human body, or to synthesize polyamides or polyimides.

Phthalein dye
Phthalein dyes are a class of dyes mainly used as pH indicators, due to their ability to change colors depending on pH.  They are formed by the reaction of phthalic anhydride with various phenols. They are a subclass of triarylmethane dyes.

Common phthalein dyes include:

Bromothymol blue

Bromocresol green

Bromocresol purple

Cresol Red

o-Cresolphthalein

Chlorophenol red

Dixylenolphthalein

Guaiacolphthalein

α-Naphtholphthalein

Phenolphthalein

Phenolsulfonphthalein

Tetrabromophenolphthalein

Thymol blue

Thymolphthalein

Xylenolphthalein
Bryn and Cwmavon
Bryn and Cwmavon (Welsh: Bryn a Chwmafan) is an electoral ward of Neath Port Talbot county borough, south Wales.  The electoral ward comprises the parishes of Bryn and Cwmavon.

Bryn and Cwmavon consists of some or all of the following areas: Bryn, Brynbryddan, Cwmavon, Pontrhydyfen in the Senedd constituency of Aberavon and the UK constituency of Aberafan Maesteg.  The largest settlement in the ward is Cwmavon.  The rest of the ward consists mostly of woodland and open moorland.

Bryn and Cwmavon is bounded by the wards of Pelenna and Cymmer to the north; Maesteg and Caerau of Bridgend county borough to the east; Margam, Taibach and Port Talbot to the south; Baglan to the west and Briton Ferry East to the northwest.

In the 2017 local council elections, the electorate turnout for Bryn and Cwmavon was 42%.  The results were:

In the 2012 local council elections, the electorate turnout for Bryn and Cwmavon was 38.57%.  The results were:

Cymmer, Neath Port Talbot
Cymmer (Welsh: Cymer) is a small village in the community of Cymer and Glyncorrwg, in Neath Port Talbot in Wales, set on a hillside in the Afan Valley near the confluence of the River Afan and the River Corrwg. In 2001, Cymmer had a population of 2,883.
Collinsville, Oklahoma
Collinsville is a city in Rogers and Tulsa counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and a part of the Tulsa, Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was named for Dr. A. H. Collins, an engineer and surveyor who first surveyed the land that became this community. The population was 7,881 by the 2020 United States census, a 40.6% increase over the figure of 5,606 according to the 2010 census, which itself was an increase of 37.5 percent over the figure of 4,077 recorded in 2000.

Rogers County, Oklahoma
Rogers County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 95,240, making it the sixth-most populous county in Oklahoma. The county seat is Claremore. Rogers County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan area.

Created in 1907 from the western Saline District of the Cherokee Nation, this area was named the Cooweescoowee District, and Cooweescoowee County at the time of statehood. However, the residents protested, and the name was changed to Rogers County, after Clem Vann Rogers, a prominent Cherokee rancher, and father of Will Rogers.
Howie Tamati
Howard Kevin Tamati  MBE (born 3 January 1953), generally known as Howie Tamati, is a New Zealand politician and former professional rugby league footballer and coach who played for New Zealand. He is the cousin of fellow international Kevin Tamati.

Taranaki Rugby League
Taranaki Rugby League is the local sporting body responsible for the administration of Rugby league in the Taranaki region of New Zealand. The TRL are represented by the Taranaki rugby league team. They are in the Mid-Central zone along with the Manawatu Rugby League.
Karma Paul
Karma Paul (1894–1984) was a Tibetan who lived in Darjeeling and accompanied six of the early British Mount Everest expeditions, as their interpreter, between the years 1922–1938. He was born as Karma Palden in Tibet in 1894 and died in 1984.

1938 British Mount Everest expedition
Led by Bill Tilman, the 1938 British Mount Everest expedition was a low-key, low-cost expedition which was unlucky in encountering a very early monsoon. The weather conditions defeated the attempts to reach the summit. The North Col was climbed for the first time from the west and an altitude of 27,200 feet (8,300 m) was reached on the North Ridge.
Tomb ANB
Tomb ANB is a sepulchre located in the west of the necropolis of Dra' Abu el-Naga', near Thebes, Egypt. It may well have been intended as the burial place of the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Amenhotep I and his mother Ahmose-Nefertari.

The tomb was initially attributed to Amenhotep I by Howard Carter. In the article he does mention that in the scattered debris of the tomb there are as many inscriptions mentioning Ahmose-Nefertari as there are mentioning Amenhotep I so it may be that both had been buried in the tomb. In Porter and Moss the tomb is attributed to Ahmose-Nefertari based on an argument by Černý.

Dra' Abu el-Naga
The necropolis of Draʻ Abu el-Naga (Arabic: دراع ابو النجا) is located on the West Bank of the Nile at Thebes, Egypt, just by the entrance of the dry bay that leads up to Deir el-Bahari and north of the necropolis of el-Assasif. The necropolis is located near the Valley of the Kings.
Juno Award for Breakthrough Artist of the Year
The Juno Award for Breakthrough Artist of the Year is an annual award given by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences to the best new musician in Canada. The award has been given since 1974, when it was originally divided into separate awards for men and women under the names Most Promising Female Vocalist of the Year and Most Promising Male Vocalist of the Year. These two awards were merged in 1994 into Best New Solo Artist, which was then changed to New Artist of the Year in 2003, and finally changed to its current title beginning in 2013. The award was customarily presented by the Minister of Canadian Heritage.

The award was discontinued following the Juno Awards of 2024. At the following Juno Awards of 2025, it was merged with the sibling category for Breakthrough Group of the Year into a single category for Breakthrough Artist or Group of the Year.

Juno Award for Breakthrough Artist or Group of the Year
The Juno Award for Breakthrough Artist or Group is an annual Canadian music award, presented by the Juno Awards to honour emerging Canadian musicians. It was created as a merger of the formerly separate awards for Breakthrough Artist of the Year and  Breakthrough Group of the Year, and was presented for the first time at the Juno Awards of 2025.
Killing of Alonzo Tucker
Alonzo Tucker was an African American boxer and owned a gym in Coos Bay, Oregon. He was accused by Mrs. Dennis of rape. Alonzo Tucker was then shot by two unidentified 12-year-old boys. Tucker succumbed to his injuries; the mob chasing him took his corpse and hanged it from the 7th Street Bridge. Dennis and her family quickly left town and headed to California.

Coos Bay, Oregon
Coos Bay (Coos: Atsiixis) is a city located in Coos County, Oregon, United States, where the Coos River enters Coos Bay on the Pacific Ocean. It shares Coos Bay with the adjacent city of North Bend. Together, they are often referred to as one entity called either Coos Bay-North Bend or Oregon's Bay Area. Coos Bay's population as of the 2020 census was 15,985 residents, making it the most populous city on the Oregon Coast. Oregon's Bay Area is estimated to be home to 32,308 (Coos Bay Census County Division).
Counts of Villafranca
The Counts of Savoy-Villafranca, and later the Counts of Villafranca-Soissons, are legitimate male–line descendants of Thomas Francis of Savoy, Prince of Carignano, the founder of the Carignano branch of the House of Savoy.

House of Savoy-Carignano
The House of Savoy-Carignano (Italian: Savoia-Carignano; French: Savoie-Carignan) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Savoy. It was founded by Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano (1596–1656), an Italian military commander who was the fifth son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy. His descendants were accepted as princes étrangers at the court of France, where some held prominent positions. Upon the extinction of the main Savoy line, they eventually came to reign as kings of Sardinia from 1831 to 1861, and as kings of Italy from 1861 until the dynasty's deposition in 1946. The Savoy-Carignano family also briefly supplied a king each to Spain and Croatia, as well as queens consort to Bulgaria and Portugal.
Trewellard
Trewellard (from Cornish: Trewyllard, meaning "Gwyllard's settlement"; grid reference SW376337) is a small village on the north coast road between St Just and St Ives in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies along the B3306 road which connects St Ives to the A30 road. It is situated 7 miles from Land's End and 7 miles from Penzance. It is in the civil parish of St Just and the electoral division of St Just in Penwith.

Trewellard lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park.

St Just in Penwith (electoral division)
St Just in Penwith (Cornish: Lannust) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2009 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by the Land's End division.
Stump Pond (Pembroke, Massachusetts)
Stump Pond, also known as Reservoir MA 94127, was a 113-acre (0.46 km2) reservoir in Pembroke, Massachusetts in the East Pembroke section of the town, east of the northern end of the Routes 14 and 53, west of Keene Pond and southwest of Arnold School Pond. Today, the area is part of the Burrage Pond Wildlife Management Area.

Arnold School Pond
Arnold School Pond is a 12-acre (49,000 m2) pond in Pembroke, Massachusetts in the East Pembroke section of the town. The pond is located northeast of Stump Pond, behind the Arnold Elementary School. The outflow is an unnamed stream that leads to Pudding Brook.
Tabrikiekondre
Tabrikiekondre is a village in Boven Saramacca municipality (resort) in Sipaliwini District in Suriname.

Nearby towns and villages include Moetoetoetabriki (4.1 nm), Kwattahede (3.0 nm), La Valere (13.6 nm), Warnakomoponafaja (5.1 nm) and Makajapingo (3.2 nm).

Kwattahede
Kwattahede (also: Kwataede) is a village in Boven Saramacca resort in Sipaliwini District in Suriname. The village is inhabited by Matawai people.

The village was founded in the 1880s by Johannes King and is situated in the middle of the river. The village has no school, no clinic, but does have a church. The village did have a school in 1907, but was abandoned during the Surinamese Interior War. It has been slightly repopulated in the 21st century.

Nearby towns and villages include Moetoetoetabriki (1.4 nm), Heidoti (3.2 nm), Jacobkondre (8.1 nm), La Valere (13.0 nm) and Tabrikiekondre (3.0 nm).
Mario Vandenbogaerde
Mario Vandenbogaerde (born 1 June 1973) is a Belgian professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Before winning his PDC Tour Card in 2022, Vandenbogaerde won 2 British Darts Organisation (BDO) ranking titles and reached two BDO major semi-finals; at the 2019 World Masters and 2020 Lakeside World Championship. He reached his first PDC ranking final at 2025 Players Championship 28. His best PDC major performance is reaching the last 16 at the 2023 Players Championship Finals.

Thibault Tricole
Thibault Tricole (born 11 October 1989) is a French professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Nicknamed "the French Touch", Tricole was the runner-up at the 2022 WDF World Championship, where he lost to Neil Duff in the final. Regarded as the best French player in the sport's history, he is the holder of several milestones for French darts: the first French player to reach a World Championship final, the first French player to compete at the PDC World Championship, and the first French player to win a match on the PDC European Tour. He was also the second French player to earn a PDC Tour Card after Jacques Labre.
Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design
JSC V.V. Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (Russian: ОАО «Научно-исследовательский институт приборостроения имени В.В.Тихомирова», Russian: НИИП, NIIP) is a joint stock company, one of the Russian enterprises in the development of weaponry control systems for fighter planes and mobile medium range anti-aircraft SAM defence vehicles.

2K12 Kub
The 2K12 "Kub" (Russian: 2К12 Куб; English: 'cube') (NATO reporting name: SA-6 "Gainful") mobile surface-to-air missile system is a Soviet low to medium-level air defence system designed to protect ground forces from air attack. 2К12 is the GRAU designation of the system.

Each 2K12 battery consists of a number of similar tracked vehicles, one of which carries the 1S91 (SURN vehicle, NATO designation "Straight Flush") 25 kW G/H band radar (with a range of 75 km (47 mi)) equipped with a continuous wave illuminator, in addition to an optical sight. The battery usually also includes four triple-missile transporter erector launchers (TELs), and four trucks, each carrying three spare missiles and a crane. The TEL is based on a GM-578 chassis, while the 1S91 radar vehicle is based on a GM-568 chassis, all developed and produced by Russian manufacturer MMZ.
European Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management
The European Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management is a member of the European Commission. The portfolios is currently held by Hadja Lahbib.

Hadja Lahbib also serves as Commissioner for Equality.

The Civil Protection mechanism of the Commission means that the position covers the European Union's disaster response. It provides support if a member state requests aid after a natural disaster. This function has adopted a wider scope in recent years as the Commission increasingly becomes an instrument of support around the world. For example, the Commission provided aid to Morocco when the country was hit by an earthquake in February 2004. More than 1,000 aid workers were also dispatched to the United States after 11 September 2001 terrorist attack.

European Commissioner for Equality
The European Commissioner for Equality is a post in the European Commission. The portfolio was previously combined with Justice as Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality under commissioner is Věra Jourová; however, the two portfolios were split in December 2019. The current holder is Hadja Lahbib.

Hadja Lahbib also serves as Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management.
South Korea national rugby union team
The South Korea national rugby union team, (Korean: 대한민국 럭비 유니언 국가대표팀) recognised as Korea by World Rugby, also known as the Mugunghwas, represents South Korea in men's international rugby union. South Korea has yet to make their debut at the Rugby World Cup (RWC).

Korea reached the repechage round of qualification for the 1999, 2003, and 2007 Rugby World Cups, being eliminated by Tonga each time. In qualifying for 2011, South Korea lost every fixture, with its closest match coming against the Arabian Gulf. For 2015, South Korea finished third in the final round, missing qualification directly and to the repechage phase. Similar to 2015, South Korea missed direct or indirect qualification to the Rugby World Cup for both 2019 and 2023. In 2022 South Korea lost to Hong Kong by two points, failing to advance to the repechage qualification play-offs.

Asia Rugby Championship
The Asia Rugby Championship, or ARC, is an annual rugby union competition held amongst national rugby sides within the Asia Rugby region. The competition was originally known as the Asian Rugby Football Tournament when founded in 1969, and was called the Asian Five Nations from 2008 to 2014.

The winner of the competition's top division is recognised as the rugby champion of Asia. The top division, sometimes referred to as the Tri Nations, includes the top three Asian teams each season. Division 1 includes the next four teams and Division 2 includes the next four. Division three is  further divided geographically, with each of the West, East and South Central divisions including three teams.

Japan is the most successful team, securing 25 out of a possible 30 titles since 1969. They have not participated in the series since 2017.
ARA Sarandí (D-13)
ARA Sarandí is the fourth and last ship of the MEKO 360H2 series of destroyers built for the Argentine Navy. The ship is also the fourth ship in the Argentine Navy to bear that name. Sarandí is the name of a victory of the Argentine army during the Cisplatine War.

The ship, along with the rest of the Argentine navy is poorly maintained and has inadequate staff training due to a lack of funding and import restrictions. In 2003, the ship fired on a friendly Brazilian warship during a joint training exercise. In 2012, the Almirante Brown class were short of spare parts and suffering engine problems, plus all their ordnance was past its expiry date.

ARA Espora (P-41)
ARA Espora (P-41) is the lead ship of the MEKO 140A16 Espora class of six corvettes built for the Argentine Navy. Commissioned in 1985, she is used for fishery patrol. She is homeported at Puerto Belgrano Naval Base and is part of the Navy's 2nd Corvette Division with her five sister ships. The ship is the sixth ship to bear the name of Colonel (Navy) Tomás Espora, who fought in the Argentine Navy during the Cisplatine War. Generator failure left her stranded in South Africa for 73 days in late 2012.
Legion Stadium (North Carolina)
Legion Stadium is a 6,000 seat stadium located in Wilmington, North Carolina. It was the home of the Wilmington Hammerheads of the USL Premier Development League until 2016. The stadium is part of the Legion Sports Complex, which also includes a baseball field, tennis courts, and a pool.

Originally built in the 1930s, the facility received several renovations over the years, the most recent of which was completed in 2011.  The stadium has 3,500 seats in the grandstand and 2,500 visitor seats. It also has 40 handicapped seats and a 4-acre (16,000 m2) parking lot.

Wilmington Hammerheads FC
Wilmington Hammerheads FC was a semi-professional American soccer team based in Wilmington, North Carolina. Founded in 1996, the team last competed in the Premier Development League, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid in 2017.
Baylor College of Medicine Academy at Ryan
Baylor College of Medicine Academy at Ryan (BCMAR) is a magnet middle school in Houston Independent School District (HISD), located in the Third Ward, Houston, Texas. It is located in the former Ryan Middle School. It is in association with the Baylor College of Medicine. It is south of Downtown Houston, A press release stated that the school was to be modeled after the Michael E. DeBakey High School for Health Professions.

Third Ward, Houston
Third Ward is an area of Houston, Texas, United States which evolved from one of the six historic wards of the same name. It is located in the southeast Houston management district.

Third Ward, located inside the 610 Loop is immediately southeast of Downtown Houston and to the east of the Texas Medical Center. The ward became the center of Houston's African-American community. Third Ward is nicknamed "The Tre".

Robert D. Bullard, a sociologist teaching at Texas Southern University, stated that Third Ward is "the city's most diverse black neighborhood and a microcosm of the larger black Houston community."
Obersee (Lake Zurich)
The Obersee (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈoːbərzeː] ⓘ, lit. 'Upper Lake') is the smaller of the two parts of Lake Zurich (Zürichsee), located upstream in the cantons of St. Gallen and Schwyz in Switzerland. It is almost completely separated from the lower (or main) part of Lake Zurich by the Hurden Peninsula, an Ice Age glacial moraine.

The lake is home to several species of birds, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. There are several protected areas (reeds, bogs, fens) along the lake's shores. Located in the Prealps (German: Voralpen), the lake is also a popular recreational area.

Seedamm
The Rapperswil Seedamm is the artificial causeway at the narrowest area of Lake Zurich between Hurden (SZ) and Rapperswil (SG). The structure contains two bridge segments and is approximately 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long.  The Seedamm carries a road (Hauptstrasse 8) and a railway across the lake, with the railway being used by the S5 and S40 services of Zurich S-Bahn and by Südostbahn's Voralpen Express.

The Melide causeway across a narrow section at Lake Lugano is comparable to the Seedamm.