hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tsubame, Niigata
Tsubame (燕市, Tsubame-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the city had an estimated population of 77,382 in 29,406 households, and a population density of 697 persons per km². The total area of the city was 110.96 km2 (42.84 sq mi).

Tsubame-Sanjō Station
Tsubame-Sanjō Station (燕三条駅, Tsubame-Sanjō-eki) is a railway station in the city of Sanjō, Niigata, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The station sits directly on the border of the cities of Sanjō and Tsubame. As the station headquarters are located on the Sanjō side of the station, Tsubame-Sanjō Station is considered to be in Sanjō. The station is located 293.8 kilometers from Tokyo.
Carinurella
Carinurella paradoxa is a species of crustacean in the family Niphargidae, and the only species in the genus Carinurella. It is found in phreatic waters of the Vipava and Soča (Isonzo) rivers in Italy and Slovenia.

Niphargidae
Niphargidae is a family of amphipod crustaceans. Its distribution is in western Eurasia, and its members mainly live in subterranean freshwaters habitats. It contains the following genera:

Carinurella Sket, 1971

Foroniphargus G. Karaman, 1985

Haploginglymus Mateus & Mateus, 1958

Microniphargus Schellenberg, 1934

Niphargellus Schellenberg, 1938

Niphargobates Sket, 1981

Niphargopsis Chevreux, 1922 (synonym of Niphargus)

Niphargus Schiødte, 1847

Pontoniphargus Dancău, 1970
1901 Nobel Prize in Physics
The 1901 Nobel Prize in Physics was presented in a ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden to the German Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him", namely, X-rays. It was the first of its kind resulting from the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel to recognize "the person who made the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics".

Wilhelm Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German experimental physicist who produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays (known as Röntgen rays in many languages). In 1901, Röntgen became the first recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him." The element roentgenium is named in his honor.
Cornelian dilemma
A Cornelian dilemma (French: dilemme cornélien), also spelt Corneillian dilemma, is a dilemma in which someone is obliged to choose one out of a range of options, all of which reveal a detrimental effect on themselves or someone near them. In classical drama, it will typically involve the character experiencing an inner conflict, forcing them to choose between love and honour or inclination and duty. The dilemma is named after French dramatist Pierre Corneille, in whose play Le Cid (1636) Rodrigue, the protagonist based on Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, is torn between two desires: that of the love of Chimène, or avenging his family, who have been wronged by Chimène's father. Rodrigue either seeks revenge to avenge his father or loses the honour.

Pierre Corneille
Pierre Corneille (/kɔːrˈneɪ/ kor-NAY, French: [pjɛʁ kɔʁnɛj]; 6 June 1606 – 1 October 1684) was a French tragedian. He is generally considered one of the three great 17th-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine.

As a young man, he earned the valuable patronage of Cardinal Richelieu, who was trying to promote classical tragedy along formal lines, but later quarrelled with him, especially over his best-known play, Le Cid, about the medieval Spanish warrior, which was denounced by the newly formed Académie française for breaching the unities. He continued to write well-received tragedies for nearly forty years.
Ernesto Buonaiuti
Ernesto Buonaiuti (June 25, 1881 – April 20, 1946) was an Italian historian, philosopher of religion, former Catholic priest and anti-fascist. He lost his chair at the University of Rome owing to his opposition to the Fascists. As a scholar in History of Christianity and religious philosophy he was one of the most important exponents of the modernist current.

Joachim of Fiore
Joachim of Fiore, also known as Joachim of Flora (Italian: Gioacchino da Fiore; Latin: Ioachim Florensis; c. 1135 – 30 March 1202), was an Italian Christian theologian, a Catholic abbot, and the founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore. According to theologian Bernard McGinn, "Joachim of Fiore is the most important apocalyptic thinker of the whole medieval period." The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri is one of the most famous works possibly inspired by his ideas.
Later followers, inspired by his works in Christian eschatology and historicist theories, are called Joachimites.
Kornélia Pongo
Kornélia Pongo, née Bárány (born 15 September 1976) is a Hungarian former competitive ice dancer. With András Rosnik, she is the 1996 Ondrej Nepela Memorial champion and the 1998 Hungarian national champion. They competed together at three ISU Championships and four Grand Prix events.

Pongo competed as Kornélia Bárány. She and Rosnik trained mainly in Budapest, coached by Gabriella Remport. Earlier in her career, she competed in partnership with Peter Schreier and Gyula Szombathelyi, appearing at three ISU Championships.

András Rosnik
András Rosnik (born 31 May 1977) is a Hungarian former competitive ice dancer. With Kornélia Bárány, he is the 1996 Ondrej Nepela Memorial champion and the 1998 Hungarian national champion. They competed together at three ISU Championships and four Grand Prix events.

Bárány and Rosnik trained mainly in Budapest, coached by Gabriella Remport. After their partnership ended, he competed with Patricia Pavuk.
Edward A. Burke
Edward Austin Burke or Burk (September 13, 1839 – September 24, 1928), was the Democratic State Treasurer of Louisiana following Reconstruction. Burke later fled to Honduras after it was discovered that there were misappropriations of state treasury funds. While in Honduras Burke became a major land owner and held government positions within Honduras' nationalized railway systems. He remained an exile until his death nearly four decades later.

Louisiana State Treasurer
The Louisiana State Treasurer is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the state government of Louisiana responsible for overseeing the financial operations of state government. The state treasurer is an elected position, with four year terms. The Louisiana State Treasurer is John Fleming, a Republican.

Past state treasurers Mary Landrieu and John Kennedy were subsequently elected to the United States Senate.
Petr Coufal
Petr Coufal (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpɛtr̩ˈtsou̯fal]; born 25 February 1995) is a Czech figure skater. He qualified to the free skate at seven ISU Championships, including the 2015 European Championships where he finished 12th. His best World Junior Championship result, tenth, came in 2014. He won a bronze medal at the 2014 Bavarian Open.

Coufal is the brother of figure skater Jana Coufalová and football player Vladimír Coufal. Their mother, Alena (née Dřevjaná), competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics for  Czechoslovakia in gymnastics.

Vladimír Coufal
Vladimír Coufal (Czech pronunciation: [ˈvlaɟɪmiːr ˈtsoufal]; born 22 August 1992) is a Czech professional footballer who plays as a right-back for German Bundesliga club TSG Hoffenheim and the Czech Republic national team.

He has previously played for Bílovec, Hlučín, Opava, Slovan Liberec, Slavia Prague and West Ham United.

Coufal made his senior debut for the Czech Republic in November 2017, and has gone on to make over 50 appearances, scoring two goals.
Khirbat al-Zababida
Khirbat al-Zababida (Arabic: خربة الزبابدة, the Ruin of the People of Kafr Zibad) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Tulkarm Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on May 15, 1948. It was located 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Tulkarm, south of Wadi al-Faliq. Khirbat al-Zababida was mostly destroyed except for four deserted houses.

Tulkarm Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Tulkarm Subdistrict was one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It was located around the city of Tulkarm. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the subdistrict disintegrated, the western part became part of the Central District of Israel and the eastern part, became a part of the Jordanian annexation of the West Bank  from 1948 to 1967). Most of the eastern part is today the Tulkarm Governorate, part of the State of Palestine.
Mobile driver's license
A mobile driving licence (also mobile driver licence or mDL) is a mobile app that replaces a physical driving licence. An International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for the mobile driving licence (ISO/IEC 18013-5) was approved on 18 August 2021 and published on 30 September 2021.

Apple Wallet
Apple Wallet (or simply Wallet, known as Passbook prior to iOS 9) is a digital wallet developed by Apple Inc. and included with iOS and watchOS that allows users to store Wallet passes such as coupons, boarding passes, student ID cards, government ID cards, business credentials, resort passes, car keys, home keys, event tickets, public transportation passes, store cards, and – starting with iOS 8.1 – credit cards, and debit cards for use via Apple Pay.
International Informix Users Group
The International Informix Users Group (IIUG) is a non-profit organization whose goals are to provide support and education for users of Informix products and technology.

Membership to IIUG has always been free. IIUG counted over 28,000 members in 2007.

Jean-Georges Perrin
Jean-Georges Perrin (born 1971) is an IT serial-entrepreneur from Alsace, France. First French citizen to become an IBM Champion in 2009, along with Jean-Marc Blaise.,, he is now one of the 30 Lifetime IBM Champions. Perrin is a recognized author (self-published, Manning, and O'Reilly).
Northern Ireland peace process
The Northern Ireland peace process includes the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments.

St Andrews Agreement
The St Andrews Agreement (Irish: Comhaontú Chill Rímhinn; Ulster Scots: St Andra's 'Greement, St Andrew's Greeance or St Andrae's Greeance) is an agreement between the British and Irish governments and Northern Ireland's political parties in relation to the devolution of power in the region. The agreement resulted from multi-party talks held in St Andrews in Fife, Scotland, from 11 to 13 October 2006, between the two governments and all the major parties in Northern Ireland, including the two largest, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Féin. It resulted in the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly, the formation (on 8 May 2007) of a new Northern Ireland Executive and a decision by Sinn Féin to support the Police Service of Northern Ireland, courts and rule of law.
HMS Hercules (1910)
HMS Hercules was the second and last of the two Colossus-class dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy at the end of the first decade of the 20th century. She spent her whole career assigned to the Home and Grand Fleets, often serving as a flagship. Aside from participating in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 and the inconclusive action of 19 August, her service during World War I generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. The ship was deemed obsolete after the war and was reduced to reserve. Hercules was sold for scrap in 1921 and broken up the following year.

John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe
Admiral of the Fleet John Rushworth Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, GCB, OM, GCVO, SGM, DL (5 December 1859 – 20 November 1935) was a Royal Navy officer. He fought in the Anglo-Egyptian War and the Boxer Rebellion and commanded the Grand Fleet at the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 during the First World War. His handling of the fleet at that battle was controversial. Jellicoe made no serious mistakes and the German High Seas Fleet retreated to port, at a time when defeat would have been catastrophic for Britain, but the public was disappointed that the Royal Navy had not won a more dramatic victory given that they outnumbered the enemy. Jellicoe later served as First Sea Lord, overseeing the expansion of the Naval Staff at the Admiralty and the introduction of convoys, but was relieved at the end of 1917. He also served as the governor-general of New Zealand in the early 1920s.
Rietburg
The Rietburg is a ruined hillside castle on the edge of the Palatinate Forest above the village of Rhodt in the county of Südliche Weinstrasse in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

The remains of this castle are located on the side of the 613-metre-high Blättersberg mountain.

Villa Ludwigshöhe
49°16′48″N 8°05′24″E﻿ / ﻿49.280°N 8.090°E﻿ / 49.280; 8.090

Villa Ludwigshöhe is a former summer residence of Ludwig I of Bavaria overlooking Edenkoben and Rhodt unter Rietburg in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Battle of Abu Klea
The Battle of Abu Klea, also known as the Battle of Abu Tulayh, took place between 16 and 18 January 1885, at Abu Klea, Sudan, between the British Desert Column and Mahdist forces encamped near Abu Klea. The Desert Column, a force of approximately 1,400 soldiers, started from Korti, Sudan on 30 December 1884; the Desert Column's mission, in a joint effort titled the "Gordon Relief Expedition", was to march across the Bayuda Desert to the aid of General Charles George Gordon at Khartoum, Sudan, who was besieged there by Mahdist forces.

The place is generally known in British military records as Abu Klea, which arose as a contemporary British spelling of its Arabic name, 'Abu Tͅuleiħ (أَبُو طُلَيْح). The British commander Sir Herbert Stewart was mortally wounded during the battle.

Infantry square
An infantry square, also known as a hollow square or square formation, was a musket-era historic close order formation used in combat by infantry units, usually when threatened with cavalry attack. To deploy its weapons effectively, a traditional infantry unit would generally form a line; but the line was vulnerable to more nimble cavalry, which could sweep around the end of the line, or burst through it, and then attack the undefended rear or simply sweep along the line attacking the individual footsoldiers successively. By arranging the unit so that there was no undefended rear or flank, an infantry commander could organise an effective defense against cavalry attack. With both the development of modern repeating firearms and the demise of cavalry in warfare, the square formation is considered obsolete and is effectively never used in modern day warfare.
ISO 639:t
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with T.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:n
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with N.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
Cardinal vowels
Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages. They are classified depending on the position of the tongue relative to the roof of the mouth, how far forward or back is the highest point of the tongue, and the position of the lips (rounded or unrounded).

A cardinal vowel is a vowel sound produced when the tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low. The current system was formulated by Daniel Jones in the early 20th century, though the idea goes back to earlier phoneticians, notably Ellis and Bell.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
North Western Reporter
The North Western Reporter and North Western Reporter, Second Series are United States regional case law reporters.  It is part of the National Reporter System created by John B. West for West Publishing Company, which is now part of Thomson West.

The North Western Reporter contains published appellate court case decisions for:

Iowa

Michigan

Minnesota

Nebraska

North Dakota

South Dakota

Wisconsin

When cited, North Western Reporter and North Western Reporter, Second Series are abbreviated "N.W." and "N.W.2d", respectively.

National Reporter System
West's National Reporter System (NRS) is a set of case law reporters for federal courts and appellate state courts in the United States. It started with the North Western Reporter in 1879 which has its origin in The Syllabi (1876, LCCN 2010-213400).
Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics
The Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics is jointly awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society and American Institute of Physics for outstanding work in astrophysics. It is funded by the Heineman Foundation in honour of Dannie Heineman.

American Astronomical Society
The American Astronomical Society (AAS, sometimes spoken as "double-A-S") is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The primary objective of the AAS is to promote the advancement of astronomy and closely related branches of science, while the secondary purpose includes enhancing astronomy education and providing a political voice for its members through lobbying and grassroots activities. Its current mission is to enhance and share humanity's scientific understanding of the universe as a diverse and inclusive astronomical community.
Agastache occidentalis
Agastache occidentalis  is a species of Agastache first described by Charles Vancouver Piper, and given its current name by Amos Arthur Heller. It is commonly known as western giant hyssop and giant horsemint.

Agastache
Agastache (/ˌæɡəˈstɑːkiː/) is a genus of aromatic flowering herbaceous perennial plants in the family Lamiaceae. It contains 22 species, mainly native to North America, one species native to eastern Asia. The common names of the species are a variety of fairly ambiguous and confusing "hyssops" and "mints"; as a whole the genus is known as giant hyssops or hummingbird mints.
Yali (mythology)
Yali (IAST: Yāḷi, Tamil: யாழி), also called Vyāla (Sanskrit: व्याल), is a South Indian mythological creature, portrayed with the head and the body of a lion, the trunk and the tusks of an elephant, and sometimes bearing equine features.

Images of the creature occur in many South Indian temples, often sculpted onto the pillars. There also exist variations of the creature, with it possessing the appendages of other beasts. It has sometimes been described as a leogryph (part-lion and part-griffin), with some bird-like features, with the trunk referred to as a proboscis.

Karuna Sagar Behera writes of the virala, or vidala (Sanskrit: vyala) in terms of  a "mythical monster used [...] as a sculptural and architectural motif, the representation of vidala is of various types, e.g. gaja-vidala, nara-vidala, etc."

Griffin
The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (Ancient Greek: γρύψ, romanized: grýps; Classical Latin: gryps or grypus; Late and Medieval Latin: gryphes, grypho etc.; Old French: griffon) is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion, and the head and wings of an eagle with its talons on the front legs.
Quervain Peak
Quervain Peak (67°23′S 66°39′W﻿ / ﻿67.383°S 66.650°W﻿ / -67.383; -66.650) is a peak in the central part of the Boyle Mountains in Graham Land, Antarctica. Mapped by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) from surveys and air photos, 1956–59, it was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Alfred de Quervain, a Swiss glaciologist who in 1909 first applied photogrammetric methods to the measurement of surface glacier flow.

Boyle Mountains
The Boyle Mountains are a wall of mountains standing between the heads of Lallemand Fjord and Bourgeois Fjord, in Graham Land. They were mapped by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey from surveys and from air photos, 1946–59, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Robert Boyle, the English natural philosopher whose book New Experiments and Observations Touching Cold provided the first major scientific and practical approach to a philosophy of cold in all its aspects.

Quervain Peak is among the peaks in the range.
Small incision lenticule extraction
ReLEx Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), second generation of ReLEx Femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx), is a form of laser based refractive eye surgery developed by Carl Zeiss Meditec used to correct myopia, and cure astigmatism. Although similar to LASIK laser surgery, the intrastromal procedure uses a single femtosecond laser referenced to the corneal surface to cleave a thin lenticule from the corneal stroma for manual extraction.

Refractive surgery
Refractive surgery is an optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and thereby decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses. This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement. The most common methods today use excimer lasers to reshape the curvature of the cornea. Refractive eye surgeries are used to treat common vision disorders such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism.
Île Pariseau
Île Pariseau (French pronunciation: [il paʁizo]) is a small island located in the Rivière des Prairies across the river from Île Bizard and Montreal Island.

The island is part of Îles Laval which is linked to Île Jésus (Sainte Dorothée, Laval), Quebec, Canada. Îles Laval became part of Laval in 1965.

Rivière des Prairies
The Rivière des Prairies (pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ de pʁɛʁi]; lit. 'River of the Prairies'), called the Back River in English, is a delta channel of the Ottawa River in southwestern Quebec, Canada. The Kanien'kehá:ka called it Skowanoti, meaning "River behind the island". The river separates the cities of Laval and Montreal.