hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Earl Rudder
James Earl Rudder (May 6, 1910 – March 23, 1970) was a United States Army major general. As a lieutenant colonel, he commanded the Pointe du Hoc battle during the Invasion of Normandy. He also commanded the 2nd Ranger Battalion at the Battle of the Hürtgen Forest, and led a series of delaying actions and ambushes during the Battle of the Bulge. General Rudder also at various times served as Texas Land Commissioner, the 16th president of Texas A&M University, third president of the Texas A&M University System, mayor of Brady, Texas, and a high school and college teacher and coach. Rudder went by his middle name.

Tarleton State University
Tarleton State University is a public research university in Stephenville, Texas, United States. It is a founding member of the Texas A&M University System and enrolled over 15,000 students in the fall of 2022. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Argyle, Western Australia
Argyle is a rural locality of the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup in the South West region of Western Australia. The South Western Highway and the Preston River run alongside each other through the locality.

Argyle and the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup are located on the traditional land of the Wardandi people of the Noongar nation.

The locality is home to the heritage listed Hazelwood homestead, built in 1905 by William Edward Dempster.

Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup
The Shire of Donnybrook Balingup is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Bunbury and about 220 kilometres (137 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of about 1,560 square kilometres (602 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Donnybrook.
United States Tennis Association
The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States. A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members, it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis, from the grass-roots to the professional levels. The association was created to standardize rules and regulations and to promote and develop the growth of tennis in the United States.

The USTA runs the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the US Open every year.

The USTA has leagues in most places for adults skill levels between beginner and pro. The USTA also hosts tournaments across the country every weekend for club players or professionals.

Tennis in the United States
Tennis was first played in the United States in the 1870s. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, many American tennis players, such as Serena Williams, Venus Williams, Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Andre Agassi, and Pete Sampras have achieved international success. The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the governing board for tennis in the United States, and is responsible for the promotion and development of tennis players in the U.S. It was known as the National Lawn Tennis Association until 1975.
Tosnensky District
Tosnensky District (Russian: То́сненский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central southwestern part of the oblast and borders with Kirovsky District in the north, Kirishsky District in the east, Chudovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the southeast, Novgorodsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the south, Luzhsky District in the southwest, Gatchinsky District in the west, and Pushkinsky and Kolpinsky Districts of the federal city of Saint Petersburg in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,585.4 square kilometers (1,384.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tosno. Population (excluding the administrative center): 83,898 (2010 Census); 77,194 (2002 Census); 78,500 (1989 Soviet census).

Kirishsky District
Kirishsky District (Russian: Ки́ришский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central southern part of the oblast and borders with Volkhovsky District in the north, Tikhvinsky District in the northeast, Lyubytinsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the southeast, Malovishersky District of Novgorod Oblast in the south, Chudovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the southwest, Tosnensky District in the west, and Kirovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,019.3 square kilometers (1,165.8 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kirishi. Population (excluding the administrative center): 11,455 (2010 Census); 12,075 (2002 Census); 14,521 (1989 Soviet census).
International Network for a United Nations Second Assembly
The International Network for a United Nations Second Assembly (INFUSA) is a largely defunct organization devoted to the establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly. According to Citizens for a United Nations People's Assembly, "in 1982, during the second UN Special Session on Disarmament, Jeffrey Segall presented a proposal for a study on 'a UN Second or Peoples Assembly' which became the basis for an International Network for a UN Second Assembly (INFUSA). From 1988 to 1995 INFUSA and the Association of World Citizens collaborated on a series of annual conferences in New York, San Francisco, Vienna and back in New York". INFUSA once included more than 100 organizations.

United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
The United Nations Parliamentary Assembly (UNPA) is a proposed parliamentary body within the United Nations (UN) system.

The Campaign for a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly (CUNPA) was launched in 2007 by Democracy Without Borders (formerly Committee for a Democratic UN). As of December 2025, the campaign has received the support of over 1,800 members of parliament from 138 countries.
Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for antimicrobial peptides. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antimicrobials which demonstrate potential as novel therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides have been demonstrated to kill Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and even transformed or cancerous cells. Unlike the majority of conventional antibiotics it appears that antimicrobial peptides frequently destabilize biological membranes, can form transmembrane channels, and may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators.

Bacteriocin
Bacteriocins are proteinaceous or peptidic toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s). They are similar to yeast and paramecium killing factors, and are structurally, functionally, and ecologically diverse. Applications of bacteriocins are being tested to assess their application as narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

Bacteriocins were first discovered by André Gratia in 1925.  He was involved in the process of searching for ways to kill bacteria, which also resulted in the development of antibiotics and the discovery of bacteriophage, all within a span of a few years.  He called his first discovery a colicine because it was made by E. coli.
Sanbu, Chiba
Sambu (山武町, Sanbu-machi) was a town located in Sanbu District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Sanbu Town was formed on March 1, 1955 through the merger of the villages of Mutsuoka and Hyūga.

On March 27, 2006, Sanbu, along with the towns of Matsuo and Narutō, and the village of Hasunuma (all from Sanbu District), was merged to create the city of Sanmu, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

The city name of Sanmu is written with the same kanji as Sambu, but is pronounced differently.

As of February 1, 2006, (the last census data prior to the merger) the town had an estimated population of 19,779 and a population density of 380 persons per km2. The total area was 52.05 km2.

Sanmu
Sanmu (山武市, Sanmu-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan.   As of 1 November 2020, the city had an estimated population of  50,321 in  22,397 households and a population density of 340 inhabitants per square kilometre (880/sq mi). The total area of the city is 146.38 square kilometres (56.52 sq mi).
311 (telephone number)
311 is a special telephone number supported in many communities in the United States and Canada. The number provides access to non-emergency municipal services. The number format follows the N11 code for a group of short, special-purpose local numbers as designated in the North American Numbering Plan.

The telephone number 3-1-1 creates a central hub for local subscribers to access a variety of city services. It is intended, in part, to divert routine inquiries and non-urgent community concerns from the 9-1-1 number which is reserved for emergency service. A promotional website for 3-1-1 in Akron described the distinction as follows: "Burning building? Call 911. Burning question? Call 311."

Many cities also accept comments through online interfaces. An Open 311 application programming interface is also available for these services.

N11 code
An N11 code (pronounced Enn-one-one) is a three-digit dialing code used in abbreviated dialing in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). The mnemonic N stands for any of the digits 2 through 9 and thus the syntax expands to 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711, 811, and 911. These dialing codes provide access to special local services, such as 911 for emergency services, which is a facility mandated by law in the United States. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in CC Docket 92-105, specified how the N11 codes of 211, 311, 511, 711 and 811 codes would be used for various types of public information under NANP.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB, p-DCB, or para-dichlorobenzene, sometimes abbreviated as PDCB or para) is an aryl chloride and isomer of dichlorobenzene with the formula C6H4Cl2. This colorless solid has a strong odor. The molecule consists of a benzene ring with two chlorine atoms (replacing hydrogen atoms) on opposing sites of the ring.

It is used as a disinfectant, pesticide, and deodorant, most familiarly in mothballs in which it is a replacement for the more traditional naphthalene because of naphthalene's greater flammability (though both chemicals have the same NFPA 704 rating).  It is also used as a precursor in the production of the chemically and thermally resistant polymer poly(p-phenylene sulfide).

Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.
Parthe
The Parthe (German pronunciation: [ˈpaʁtə] ⓘ) is a river in Saxony, Germany, right tributary of the White Elster. Its total length is 60 km (37 mi). The Parthe originates in northern Saxony, between Colditz and Bad Lausick. It flows northwest through Parthenstein, Naunhof, Borsdorf and Taucha before entering the city of Leipzig. The Parthe traverses the Leipzig Zoological Garden and touches the Rosental park before joining the White Elster in the Zentrum-Nordwest locality.

Zentrum-Nordwest
Zentrum-Nordwest is one of the 63 localities into which Leipzig was administratively divided in 1992. It belongs to the Leipzig borough of Mitte and has the serial number 05. It consists of the Waldstraßenviertel neighbourhood in the east, the area around the Red Bull Arena and Sportforum in the west and the Rosental public park in the north.
Collarenebri Aboriginal Cemetery
The Collarenebri Aboriginal Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery and ceremonial site for Indigenous Australians located at Gundabloui Road, Collarenebri in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1907. The property is owned by Collarenebri Local Aboriginal Land Council. The site was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 19 December 2014.

Collarenebri
Collarenebri (/kɒlərɛnəbraɪ/ COLL-ə-REN-ə-bry) is a town in northern New South Wales, Australia. The town is in the Walgett Shire Local Government Area and is situated on the Barwon River approximately 75 kilometres (47 mi) northeast of Walgett and south west of Mungindi on the Gwydir Highway. It is 16 km (9.9 mi) from Pokataroo which was the nearest railway town prior to closure of the rail service there. The town is 146 metres (479 ft) above sea level. Collarenebri is one of three towns ending in 'BRI' in Northern New South Wales.

In the 2021 census, Collarenebri had a population of 638.

Collarenebri is an indigenous word of the Gamilaraay galariinbaraay, meaning 'place of flowers' or 'eucalyptus blossoms'.
Collarenebri is well known for its flowers
Zhao Jiande
Zhao Jiande (Chinese: 趙建德; pinyin: Zhào Jiàndé; Jyutping: Ziu6 Gin3 Dak1, Vietnamese: Triệu Kiến Đức, ?–111 BC) was the last king of Nanyue. His rule began in 112 BC and ended in the next year. He was executed by Western Han forces during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han.

Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou)
Guangxiao Temple (Chinese: 光孝寺; Jyutping: Gwong1 Haau3 Zi2) is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Guangzhou, the capital of China's Guangdong Province. As the special geographical position, Guangxiao Temple often acted as a stopover point for Asian missionary monks in the past. It also played a central role in propagating various elements of Buddhism, including precepts school, Chan (Zen), Shingon Buddhism, and Pure Land. In this temple, Huineng, the sixth Chinese patriarch of Chan Buddhism, made his first public Chan lecture and was tonsured, and Amoghavajra, a Shingon Buddhist master, gave his first teaching of esoteric Buddhism. Many Buddhist scriptures were also translated here, including those translated by Yijing and the Shurangama-sūtra translated by Paramitiin (般剌密諦).
WMVR-FM
WMVR-FM (105.5 MHz, "Hits 105.5") is a commercial radio station licensed to Sidney, Ohio, broadcasting a hot adult contemporary music format. Its studios, offices, and transmitter are located on Russell Road, just outside Sidney.

Sidney, Ohio
Sidney is a city in Shelby County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 20,589 at the 2020 census. It is approximately 36 miles (58 km) north of Dayton and 100 miles (160 km) south of Toledo, and is a part of the Dayton metropolitan area. The city is named after English poet Philip Sidney, and many of Sidney's elementary schools are named after famous writers, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and John Greenleaf Whittier. Sidney was the recipient of the 1964 All-America City Award. In 2009, it was the subject of the documentary film 45365.
Melanin-concentrating hormone
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), also known as pro-melanin stimulating hormone (PMCH), is a cyclic 19-amino acid orexigenic hypothalamic peptide originally isolated from the pituitary gland of teleost fish, where it controls skin pigmentation. In mammals it is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, mood, sleep-wake cycle and energy balance.

Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2
Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 (MCH2) also known as G-protein coupled receptor 145 (GPR145) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCHR2 gene.

MCH2 is also found in dogs, ferrets, and some other primates and carnivores, but is not found in mice or rats. This has delayed research into the receptor as a therapeutic target, due to most early pharmaceutical research usually being conducted in small mammals such as mice, rats or rabbits which lack the MCH2 gene and its receptor product.
Romain Gary
Romain Gary (born Roman Leibovich Kacew; 21 May [O.S. 8 May] 1914 – 2 December 1980), also known by the pen name Émile Ajar, was a Lithuanian-born French novelist, diplomat, film director, and military aviator. He is the only author to have won the Prix Goncourt twice (once under a pen name). He is considered a major writer of French literature of the second half of the 20th century.

The Roots of Heaven (novel)
The Roots of Heaven (French: Les Racines du ciel) is a 1956 novel by the Lithuanian-born French writer and World War II aviator, Romain Gary (born Roman Kacew). It received the Prix Goncourt for fiction. It was translated into English in 1957.
7th Division (Australia)
The 7th Division was an infantry division of the Australian Army. It was formed in February 1940 to serve in World War II, as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF). The division was raised on the British establishment of nine infantry battalions per division and consisted of two new brigades and three of the original 12 battalions of the 6th Division forming the third brigade. The division is sometimes known by the nickname "The Silent Seventh", due to a perception that its achievements were unrecognised, in comparison to the other Australian divisions. The origin of this belief appears to be censorship of the part played by the 7th Division in the fierce fighting in the 1941 Syria-Lebanon campaign. The 7th Division along with the 6th and 9th Australian Divisions were the only divisions to serve in both the Middle East and the South West Pacific Area. It was disbanded in 1946, following the end of the war.

15th Brigade (Australia)
The 15th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the Australian Army. Originally raised in 1912 as a Militia formation, the brigade was later re-raised in 1916 as part of the First Australian Imperial Force during World War I. The brigade took part in the fighting on the Western Front in France and Belgium during 1916–1918 before being disbanded in 1919. After this it was re-raised as a part-time unit of the Citizens Force in 1921 in Victoria. During World War II the brigade undertook defensive duties and training in Victoria and Queensland, before being deployed to New Guinea in 1943. Over the course of 1943 and 1944, it took part in the Salamaua–Lae, Markham–Ramu campaigns before returning to Australia in late 1944. In mid-1945, the brigade was committed to the  Bougainville campaign, before being disbanded following the end of hostilities.
Warwick Farm Raceway
Warwick Farm Raceway was a motor racing facility which was in operation from 1960 to 1973. Warwick Farm Raceway hosted numerous major events during its life such as the Australian Grand Prix and rounds of both the Australian Touring Car Championship and the Tasman Series.

Matich
The Matich name was applied to a series of sports racing cars and open wheel racing cars produced in Australia between 1967 and 1974 under the direction of Sydney-based racing driver and engineer Frank Matich.
In persona Christi
In persona Christi is a Latin phrase meaning "in the person of Christ", an important concept in Roman Catholicism and, similarly or in varying degrees, other Christian traditions, such as Lutheranism, Anglicanism, as well as Eastern Orthodoxy.  In Catholic theology, a priest is In persona Christi because, in the sacraments he administers, it is God and Christ who acts through the instrumentality of the priest. An extended term, In persona Christi capitis, “in the person of Christ the head,” was expressed by the bishops of the Vatican Council II in the Decree on the Ministry and Live of Priests, Presbyterorum Ordinis, December 7, 1965.

Confession (Lutheran Church)
In the Lutheran Church, Confession (also called Holy Absolution) is the sacrament given by Christ to the Church by which individual men and women may receive the forgiveness of sins. According to the Large Catechism, the third sacrament of Holy Absolution is related to Holy Baptism.

In the Lutheran Churches, the Office of the Keys exercised through confession and absolution is the "authority which Christ has given to His Church on earth: to forgive the sins of the penitent sinners, but to retain the sins of the impenitent as long as they do not repent."
Nariva Swamp
10°25′N 61°05′W﻿ / ﻿10.417°N 61.083°W﻿ / 10.417; -61.083

The Nariva Swamp is the largest freshwater wetland in Trinidad and Tobago and has been designated a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. The swamp is located on the east coast of Trinidad, immediately inland from the Manzanilla Bay through Biche and covers over 60 square kilometres (23 mi2). The Nariva Swamp is extremely biodiverse, being home to 45 mammal species, 39 reptile species, 33 fish species, 204 bird species, 19 frog species, 213 insect species and 15 mollusc species. All this contained in just 60 square kilometers.

Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory
The Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory (T.R.V.L.) was established in Port of Spain, in 1953 by the Rockefeller Foundation in co-operation with the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. It was originally housed in an old wooden army barracks near the docks in Port of Spain. A large wired-in "animal house" was built out back to house the many wild animals brought in for study.

The Virus lab's first Director was the renowned epidemiologist, Dr Wilbur Downs who served in that role until 1961. In that year the laboratory was moved to new buildings at Federation Park, Port of Spain and, in 1964, became part of the Department of Microbiology of the University of the West Indies under the direction of Dr Leslie Spence, who had been with the laboratory since 1954. It is now part of the Caribbean Epidemiology Center (Carec) in Port of Spain.
Saint-Laurent, Quebec
Saint-Laurent (French: [sɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃] ⓘ) is a borough of the city of Montreal, Canada, located in the northern part of the island. Although it is no longer an independent city, it is still commonly known as Ville Saint-Laurent (City of Saint-Laurent) or by its initials, VSL.

Saint-Laurent is the largest of Montreal's boroughs by land area. Its population was 98,828 inhabitants in 2016.

Montpellier station (REM)
Montpellier (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃pəlje] ⓘ) is a Réseau express métropolitain (REM) station that opened on 17 November 2025. It is located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It replaced a commuter rail station by the same name, operated by Exo on the Deux-Montagnes line until May 2020.
Zoste patrikia
Zōstē patrikía (Greek: ζωστὴ πατρικία) was a Byzantine court title reserved exclusively for the woman who was the chief attendant and assistant to the empress. A very high title, its holder ranked as the first woman after the Empress herself in the imperial court. The title is attested from the 9th century until the 12th century, but only a handful of its holders are known.

Maria (wife of Ivan Vladislav)
Maria (Church Slavonic: Марі́а Bulgarian: Мария) was the last empress consort (tsaritsa) of the First Bulgarian Empire. She was the wife of Tsar Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria and was involved in political manoeuvring.
Moses Gate Country Park
Moses Gate Country Park, part of which is also known as Crompton Lodges, (National Grid Ref: SD 749063) is a 750 acre (300 hectare) site situated at Moses Gate in the Croal and Irwell Valleys 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Bolton town centre on the A6053 road which connects Farnworth to Little Lever. It is a Local Nature Reserve.

Little Lever
Little Lever is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. Within the historic county of Lancashire, it is 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Bolton, 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Radcliffe and 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Bury.
In the 19th century, the population was employed in cotton mills, paper mills, bleach works, terracotta works, a rope works and numerous collieries.