hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James H. Hammond
James Henry Hammond (November 15, 1807 – November 13, 1864) was an American attorney, politician, and planter. He served as a United States representative from 1835 to 1836, the 60th governor of South Carolina from 1842 to 1844, and a United States senator from 1857 to 1860. A slave owner, Hammond was one of the most ardent supporters of slavery in the years before the American Civil War.

Acquiring property through marriage, Hammond ultimately owned 22 square miles, several plantations and houses, and enslaved more than 300 people. Through his wife's family, he was a brother-in-law of Wade Hampton II and uncle to his children, including Wade Hampton III. When the senior Hampton learned that Hammond had raped his four Hampton nieces as teenagers, he made the scandal public. The publicizing of his crimes nearly derailed Hammond's career, but he later was elected to the United States Senate.

Redcliffe Plantation State Historic Site
Redcliffe Plantation State Historic Site is a state park  in South Carolina, United States.  Redcliffe Plantation, also known as Redcliffe, completed in 1859, is a Greek Revival plantation house located on the site that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The house was designed by the baron Louis Berckmans and was built in 1857.  It was built for James Henry Hammond and was home to three generations of his descendants.  His great-grandson John Shaw Billings, editor of Time, Life, and Fortune magazines, donated the estate and collections to the people of South Carolina in 1973.  The same year it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
Main conjecture of Iwasawa theory
In mathematics, the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory is a deep relationship between p-adic L-functions and ideal class groups of cyclotomic fields, proved by Kenkichi Iwasawa for primes satisfying the Kummer–Vandiver conjecture and proved for all primes by
Mazur and Wiles (1984). The Herbrand–Ribet theorem and the Gras conjecture are both easy consequences of the main conjecture.
There are several generalizations of the main conjecture, to totally real fields, CM fields, elliptic curves, and so on.

Iwasawa theory
In number theory, Iwasawa theory is the study of objects of arithmetic interest over infinite towers of number fields. It began as a Galois module theory of ideal class groups, initiated by Kenkichi Iwasawa (1959) (岩澤 健吉), as part of the theory of cyclotomic fields. In the early 1970s, Barry Mazur considered generalizations of Iwasawa theory to abelian varieties. More recently (early 1990s), Ralph Greenberg has proposed an Iwasawa theory for motives.
Yadamini Gunawardena
Yadamini Narodhama Rupasinghe Gunawardena is a Sri Lankan politician and Member of Parliament.

Gunawardena is the son of former prime minister Dinesh Gunawardena, and the grandson of Philip Gunawardena, cofounder of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party. His grandmother Kusumasiri Gunawardena was the second elected female Member of Parliament in Sri Lanka. He completed primary and secondary education at Royal College Colombo. He is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin–Superior (2003) and the University of Wales (2013).

Gunawardena is the deputy leader and deputy secretary of the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna. Following the 2020 parliamentary election, he was appointed to the Parliament of Sri Lanka as a National List MP representing the Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance.

Gunawardena is married to former UPFA Western province councillor Samanmali Sakalasuriya.

Philip Gunawardena
Don Philip Rupasinghe Gunawardena (11 January 1901 – 26 March 1972) was a Sri Lankan Marxist politician and leftist. A founder of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, the first political party in Ceylon which was known for having introduced Trotskyism, he later founded the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (along with William de Silva) and was called 'the Father of Socialism' and  'the Lion of Boralugoda'. A member of the State Council of Ceylon and the Parliament of Ceylon, he served as the Minister of Agriculture and food under S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike from 1956 to 1959 and as Minister of Industries and Fisheries in the national government under Dudley Senanayake from 1965 to 1970.
Llangollen and Corwen Railway
The Llangollen and Corwen Railway was formed as a continuation of the Vale of Llangollen Railway to continue the line along the Dee Valley a further 9 miles 50 chains (15.5 km) to Corwen. This was opened on throughout on 8 May 1865 and was worked by the Great Western Railway and subsequently the Western Region of British Railways.

It was closed by British Railways in 1968, but the line survives today, and has operated as a heritage railway since 1981.

Llangollen Railway
The Llangollen Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Llangollen) is a volunteer-run heritage railway in Denbighshire, North Wales, which operates between Llangollen and Corwen. The standard gauge line, which is 10 miles (16 km) long, runs on part of the former Ruabon – Barmouth GWR route that closed in 1965. It operates daily services in the summer as well as weekends throughout the winter months, using a variety of mainly ex-GWR steam locomotives as well as several diesel engines and diesel multiple units.
A 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) extension of the railway has been built to complete the line to Corwen.

In March 2021, the railway company announced that, having made a loss in three consecutive years, they had invited their bank to appoint receivers. Operation of the railway was handed over to the Llangollen Railway Trust, and the line reopened July 2021.
Áras an Uachtaráin
Áras an Uachtaráin (Irish pronunciation: [ˈaːɾˠəsˠ ənˠ ˈuəxt̪ˠəɾˠaːnʲ] ⓘ; "Residence of the President"), formerly the Viceregal Lodge, is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of Ireland.

The estate is located off Chesterfield Avenue in the Phoenix Park in Dublin, with the building's design being credited to amateur architect Nathaniel Clements but more likely guided by professionals (John Wood of Bath, Sir Edward Lovett Pearce and Richard Cassels) and completed around 1751 to 1757.

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (UK: /lɛfˈtɛnənt/), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922). The office, under its various names, was often more generally known as the viceroy, and his wife was known as the vicereine. The government of Ireland in practice was usually in the hands of the Lord Deputy up to the 17th century, and later of the Chief Secretary for Ireland.
Stormberg Mountains
The Stormberg is a range of mountains situated in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, are an easterly extension of the Bamboesberge and form an outlier of the greater Drakensberg mountain range. They form part of the 'Amatola and Stormberg' region which includes major towns like Grahamstown, East London and Port Alfred.
Towns in the Stormberg Mountains include Sterkstroom, Jamestown, Molteno, Dordrecht, Barkly East, Rhodes and Steynsburg. South Africa's only ski resort, Tiffindell, is also situated in these mountains.

Bamboesberg
The Bamboesberg is a mountain range in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. This range was named for the bamboo Thamnocalamus tessellatus growing in its ravines.

The Bamboesberg is an outlier of the Stormberg Mountains and part of the range is seen parallel to and east of the road linking Hofmeyr and Tarkastad. Some of its peaks are over 6,000 feet (1,800 m) – Aasvoëlberg, 35 km west of Sterkstroom, rises to 7,245 feet (2,208 m). The Stormbergspruit is a tributary of the Orange River.

The rocks are composed of sediments of the Stormberg Series of the Karoo System.
A Jubilee Present
"A Jubilee Present" is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and features the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published in Scribner's Magazine in February 1901. The story was also included as the second story in the collection The Black Mask, published by Grant Richards in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1901.

The Black Mask
The Black Mask is a 1901 short story collection by E. W. Hornung. It was published in the UK by Grant Richards, London, and in the US by Scribner's, New York under the title Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman. It is the second collection of stories in Hornung's series concerning A. J. Raffles, a gentleman thief in late Victorian London.

Several of the stories were adapted for the 1977 Raffles television series.
Beechcraft BQM-126
The Beechcraft BQM-126A, also known by the company designation Model 997, is a subsonic aerial target drone developed by Beechcraft for use by the United States Navy. No production of the type was undertaken.

Microturbo TRI 60
The Microturbo TRI 60 is a small, expendable turbojet engine developed for use in cruise missiles, target drones, and other small unmanned air vehicles. Variants of this engine produce from 3.5 to 5.3 kN (790 to 1,190 lbf) of thrust. The engine first ran in 1974.
Lone Fir Cemetery
Lone Fir Cemetery, in the southeast section of Portland, Oregon, United States, is a cemetery owned and maintained by Metro, a regional government entity. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the first burial was in 1846 with the cemetery established in 1855. Lone Fir has over 25,000 burials spread over more than 30 acres (120,000 m2).

Metro (Oregon regional government)
Metro is the regional government for the Oregon portion of the Portland metropolitan area, covering portions of Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington counties.  It is the only directly elected regional government and metropolitan planning organization in the United States. Metro is responsible for overseeing the Portland region's solid waste system, general planning of land use and transportation, maintaining certain regional parks and natural areas, and operating the Oregon Zoo, Oregon Convention Center, Portland's Centers for the Arts, and the Portland Expo Center.  It also distributes money from two voter-approved tax measures: one for homeless services and one for affordable housing.
Acer PICA
The M6100 PICA is a system logic chipset designed by Acer Laboratories introduced in 1993. PICA stands for Performance-enhanced Input-output and CPU Architecture. It was based on the Jazz architecture developed by Microsoft and supported the MIPS Technologies R4000 or R4400 microprocessors.

The chipset was designed for computers that run Windows NT, and therefore used ARC firmware to boot Windows NT. The chipset consisted of six chips: a CPU and secondary cache controller, a buffer, a I/O cache and bus controller, a memory controller, and two data buffers.

PICA was used by Acer in its Formula 4000 personal workstation, which NEC sold under the OEM name RISCstation Image.

ARC (specification)
Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) is a specification created by a defunct consortium of computer manufacturers (the Advanced Computing Environment project), setting forth a standard MIPS RISC-based computer hardware and firmware environment. The firmware on Alpha machines that are compatible with ARC is known as AlphaBIOS, non-ARC firmware on Alpha is known as SRM.
Brad Leftwich
Brad Leftwich (born June 30, 1953) is an American old-time fiddler, banjo player, singer and teacher of traditional old-time style.  He is originally from Oklahoma but has resided in Bloomington, Indiana for most of his life. He performs solo and with his long-time musical partner and wife, Linda Higginbotham, and with his band, The Humdingers, which also includes Sam Bartlett and Abby Ladin.

Since the 1970s, Leftwich has performed and taught at folk festivals, concerts, and music camps, written books on both fiddle and banjo, released instructional old-time fiddle videos and written articles on traditional fiddling. He also maintains a YouTube channel with some of his original field recordings.

Marimac Recordings
Marimac Recordings was founded by Larry MacBride in 1984 and continued with releases of American old time, blues and Cajun music until his death from abdominal cancer on August 24, 1993.

The releases covered old master fiddlers, young string bands, and under-represented Cajun and blues musicians. The label released some 100 recordings before Larry MacBride's death. In 1996, Rounder Records issued a sampler CD of recordings from the label.
Sports Backers Stadium
Sports Backers Stadium is a 3,250-seat stadium in Richmond, Virginia, owned by Sports Backers, a local sports organization. The facility was opened in 1999 and has also a running track ("Richard A. Hollander Track") surrounding the field.

Sports Backers Stadium is used throughout the year by various parties including the soccer and track and field teams from Virginia Commonwealth University, and Virginia Union University. The "Marathon Training Team" meets at the stadium every Saturday and Sunday for 23 weeks to prepare runners for the Anthem Richmond Marathon.

The stadium hosted two CAA women's soccer tournament finals, in 2004 and 2005. In the first of them, the VCU Rams women's soccer team won their conference tournament after defeating William & Mary 3–1.

VCU Rams women's soccer
The VCU Rams women's soccer team is an intercollegiate varsity sports team of Virginia Commonwealth University. The team is a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
Diocesan College
The Diocesan College (commonly known as Bishops) is a private, English medium, boarding and day high school for boys situated in the suburb of Rondebosch in Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The school was established on 2 October 1849 by the Anglican Bishop of Cape Town.

Anglican Diocese of Cape Town
The Diocese of Cape Town is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa (ACSA) which presently covers central Cape Town, some of its suburbs and the island of Tristan da Cunha, though in the past it has covered a much larger territory. The Ordinary of the diocese is Archbishop of Cape Town and ex officio Primate and Metropolitan of the ACSA. His seat is St. George's Cathedral in Cape Town.

Desmond Tutu was archbishop from 1986 to 1996 and was archbishop-emeritus until his death in 2021. The current archbishop is Thabo Makgoba. Because of the archbishop's responsibilities as primate, many of his diocesan duties are delegated to a suffragan bishop known as the Bishop of Table Bay, an office currently held by Joshua Louw. (This is similar to the Bishop of Dover in the Church of England Diocese of Canterbury, who has held such a role since 1980.)
Mariahilf
Mariahilf (German pronunciation: [maˌʁiːaˈhɪlf] ⓘ; Viennese: Mariahüf; "Mary's help") is the 6th municipal district of Vienna, Austria (German: 6. Bezirk). It is near the center of Vienna and was established as a district in 1850. Mariahilf is a heavily populated urban area with many residential buildings.
It has a population of 31,621 (as of January 2016) within an area of 1.48 square kilometres (0.6 sq mi).

Neubau
Neubau (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏbaʊ] ⓘ; Viennese: Neibau; "New Build") is the seventh district of Vienna (German: 7. Bezirk). It is located near the center of Vienna and was established as a district in 1850, but borders changed later. Neubau is a heavily populated urban area, with a major shopping area and residential buildings.
It has a population of 32,027 people (as of 2016-01-01) within an area of 1.61 km² (0.62 sq.mi.).

It consists of the former Vorstädte of Neubau, Altlerchenfeld, St. Ulrich, Schottenfeld and Spittelberg. The district borders are formed by Lerchenfelder Straße in the north, Mariahilfer Straße in the south, Neubaugürtel in the west, and Museumstraße and Museumsplatz in the east.
Stuart Davis (painter)
Edward Stuart Davis (December 7, 1892 – June 24, 1964) was an American modernist painter. He was associated with early twentieth-century American modernism, including the Ashcan School, and later developed a style characterized by bold color, jazz references, and urban subject matter. In the 1930s, Davis became politically active and participated in federally sponsored art programs during the Great Depression.

American modernism
American modernism, much like the modernism movement in general, is a trend of philosophical thought arising from the widespread changes in culture and society in the age of modernity. American modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the United States beginning at the turn of the 20th century, with a core period between World War I and World War II. Like its European counterpart, American modernism stemmed from a rejection of Enlightenment thinking, seeking to better represent reality in a new, more industrialized world.
The Devil's Disciple (1959 film)
The Devil's Disciple is a 1959 film adaptation of the 1897 George Bernard Shaw play The Devil's Disciple.  The Anglo-American film was directed by Guy Hamilton, who replaced Alexander Mackendrick, and starred Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas and Laurence Olivier. Mary Grant designed the film's costumes.

Lancaster and Douglas made several films together over the decades, including I Walk Alone (1948), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), The List of Adrian Messenger (1963), Seven Days in May (1964) and Tough Guys (1986).

I Walk Alone
I Walk Alone is a 1947 film noir released by Paramount Pictures starring Burt Lancaster and Lizabeth Scott, with a supporting cast featuring Wendell Corey,  Kirk Douglas, and Kristine Miller. The film was produced by Hal B. Wallis, and directed by Byron Haskin.
Power/Rangers
Power/Rangers, or Power Rangers: Unauthorized, is an American superhero fan short film based on the Power Rangers franchise; unlike the kid-friendly franchise, the short depicts an adult-oriented take on the source material. It was directed by Joseph Kahn, who co-wrote with James Van Der Beek and Dutch Southern, and produced by Adi Shankar and Jil Hardin. The short film featured an ensemble cast starring Katee Sackhoff, Van Der Beek, Russ Bain, Will Yun Lee, and Gichi Gamba. It was released on YouTube and Vimeo on  February 23, 2015.

Zack Taylor
Zachary "Zack" Taylor is a fictional character in the Power Rangers universe, appearing in the television series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. He is the first on-screen Black Ranger of Power Rangers. He would be succeeded as the Black Ranger by Adam Park. A reimagined version of Zack, now Chinese-American, would appear in the 2017 reboot film, played by Canadian actor Ludi Lin.
Per Bill
Per Anders Otto Bill (born 13 February 1958) is a Swedish politician of the Moderate Party who served as Governor of Gävleborg County from 2015 to 2024. He was a member of the Riksdag from 1994 to 2015. Eisenhower Fellowships selected Per Bill in 1999 to represent Sweden. He is brother-in-law of Karin Enström, the former Minister for Defence, and Henrik Landerholm, the former National Security Advisor to the Government of Sweden.

Henrik Landerholm
Carl Henrik Jacob Landerholm (born 10 August 1963) is a Swedish politician who served as the first National Security Advisor to the Government of Sweden from 2022 until his resignation in 2025. He is a member of the Moderate Party and has previously served as a Member of the Riksdag. Between 1998 and 2002 he was Chairman of the Defense Committee.
China Banking Regulatory Commission
The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) was an agency of the People's Republic of China (PRC) authorised by the State Council to regulate the banking sector of the PRC except the territories of Hong Kong and Macau, both of which are special administrative regions.

Banking in China
China's banking sector had CN¥417 trillion (US$58.54 trillion) in assets at the end of 2023. The "Big Four" state-owned commercial banks are the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, and the Agricultural Bank of China, all of which are among the largest banks in the world as of 2018. Other notable big and also the largest banks in the world are China Merchants Bank and Ping An Bank.
Julaki
Julaki (Persian: جولكي) is a city in, and the capital of, Julaki District of Aghajari County, Khuzestan province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Julaki Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Sar Julaki.

Sar Julaki
Sar Julaki (Persian: سرجولكي) is a village in, and the capital of, Sar Julaki Rural District of Julaki District, Aghajari County, Khuzestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Julaki, now a city.
Makino, Shiga
Makino (マキノ町, Makino-chō) was a town located in Takashima District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,230 and a density of 79.53 per km2. The total area was 78.34 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Makino, along with the towns of Takashima, Adogawa, Imazu and Shin'asahi, and the village of Kutsuki (all from Takashima District), was merged to create the city of Takashima.

Takashima, Shiga
Takashima (高島市, Takashima-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.kaꜜ.ɕi.ma, -ka.ɕi.maꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 November 2021, the city had an estimated population of 46,976 in 20601 households and a population density of 68 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 693.05 square kilometres (267.59 sq mi).
Chersky (urban-type settlement)
Chersky (also anglicized Cherskiy) (Russian: Че́рский; Yakut: Черскэй, Çerskey) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Nizhnekolymsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Kolyma River, 1,920 kilometers (1,190 mi) east from Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 2,857.

It was previously known as Nizhniye Kresty (until 1963). In 1989 the population of Chersky peaked on 11,176 inhabitants; however, like most Soviet settlements in the Arctic, it has been largely abandoned after the dissolution of the Soviet Union as most of its residents left. A similar depopulation happened in Magadan Oblast and Chukotka, and in lighter scale in the Russian Far East.

Kolyma (river)
The Kolyma (Russian: Колыма, IPA: [kəlɨˈma]; Yakut: Халыма, romanized: Xalıma) is a river in northeastern Siberia, whose basin covers parts of the Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and Magadan Oblast of Russia.

The Kolyma is frozen to depths of several metres for about 250 days each year, becoming free of ice only in early June, until October.
Hempstead High School (Iowa)
Stephen Hempstead High School (commonly Hempstead or HHS) is a four-year public high school located in Dubuque, Iowa. It is one of two high schools in the Dubuque Community School District and enrolls around 1,800 students in grades 9–12. The school is named in honor of Stephen Hempstead, the second governor of Iowa, and it competes in class 4A of the Iowa High School Athletic Association as part of the Mississippi Valley Conference. The school's mascot is the Mustang.

Dubuque Community School District
The Dubuque Community School District (DCSD) is a public school district based in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. DCSD, which operates schools in eastern Dubuque County, is the seventh largest school district in Iowa. As of the 2021-2022 school year, DCSD has 10,535 students enrolled in its schools.