hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Butterfly that Stamped
"The Butterfly that Stamped" is part of a series of short stories known as Just So Stories (1902) by Rudyard Kipling. These are collected short stories. The stories explain how things supposedly came to be.

Just So Stories
Just So Stories for Little Children is a 1902 collection of origin stories by the British author Rudyard Kipling. Considered a classic of children's literature, the book is among Kipling's best known works.

Kipling began working on the book by telling the first three chapters as bedtime stories to his daughter Josephine. These had to be told "just so" (exactly in the words she was used to) or she would complain. The stories illustrate how animals acquired their distinctive features, such as how the leopard got his spots. For the book, Kipling illustrated the stories himself.

The stories have appeared in a variety of adaptations including a musical and animated films. Evolutionary biologists have noted that what Kipling did in fiction in a Lamarckian way, they have done in reality, providing Darwinian explanations for the evolutionary development of animal features.
Alfred Escher
Johann Heinrich Alfred Escher vom Glas, colloquially Alfred Escher, (20 February 1819 – 6 December 1882) was a Swiss business magnate, banker, railway pioneer and politician who most notably served on the National Council from 1848 to 1882 for the Liberal Party.

Escher was born into a well-established old family of Zurich, Switzerland. Through his numerous political posts and his significant role in the foundation and management of the Swiss Northeastern Railway, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Credit Suisse, Swiss Life and the Gotthard Railway, Escher had an unmatched influence on Switzerland's political and economic development in the 19th century.

Gotthard Tunnel
The Gotthard Tunnel (German: Gotthardtunnel, Italian: Galleria del San Gottardo) is a 15-kilometre-long (9.3 mi) railway tunnel that forms the summit of the Gotthard Railway in Switzerland. It connects Göschenen with Airolo and was the first tunnel through the Saint-Gotthard Massif in order to bypass the St Gotthard Pass. It was built as single bore tunnel accommodating a standard gauge double-track railway throughout. When opened in 1882, the Gotthard Tunnel was the longest tunnel in the world.

The tunnel rises from the northern portal at Göschenen (1,106 m or 3,629 ft) and the highest point (1,151 m or 3,776 ft) is reached after approximately eight kilometres (5 mi). After two more kilometers, the border between the cantons of Uri and Ticino is passed; after another five kilometres (3 mi), the tunnel ends at the southern portal near to Airolo (1,142 m or 3,747 ft). The trip takes about seven to eight minutes by train. Services are operated by the Swiss Federal Railways.
Norwegian General Post Directorate
The Norwegian General Post Directorate (Norwegian: Generalpostdireksjonen) was a Norwegian government agency responsible for postal affairs. It was established in 1857 under the Norwegian Ministry of the Interior, itself non-existent today, and dissolved already in 1860 when its tasks were transferred to the Norwegian Ministry of Postal Affairs.

Its director from 1857 to 1860 was Niels Mathias Rye.

Ministry of Postal Affairs (Norway)
The   Norwegian Ministry of Postal Affairs (Norwegian: Postdepartementet) was a Norwegian ministry that existed from 1860 to 1861. It was responsible for postal affairs.

It was established on 18 August 1860 as a successor of the General Post Directorate, which had been separated from the Ministry of the Interior as a government agency in 1857. It ceased to exist already on 1 October 1861, when it was merged with the Ministry of the Navy to form the Norwegian Ministry of the Navy and Postal Affairs.

The heads of the Ministry of Postal Affairs were Ketil Motzfeldt (1860), Erik Røring Møinichen (1860-1861), Christian Ludvig Diriks (temporary, 1861) and Erik Røring Møinichen again (1861).

A short-lived Ministry of Postal Affairs existed for some months in 1885. It was headed by Birger Kildal.
Eye Green
Eye Green is a hamlet in the civil parish of Eye, in the unitary authority area of Peterborough, in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies north of Eye and south of Crowland.

Eye Green Nature Reserve abounds the A47 Trunk Road, which separates Eye Green from its sister village of Eye. North of the nature reserve is a geological Site of Special Scientific Interest, Eye Gravel Pit.

Eye Green Local Nature Reserve
Eye Green Local Nature Reserve is a 12 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Eye Green in Cambridgeshire. It was managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire until September 2016, when management was transferred to its owner, Peterborough City Council. A small (and inaccessible) part is also in the Eye Gravel Pit geological Site of Special Scientific Interest.

This site was formerly brick workings, and a large area is now filled by a lake. Reeds and scrub line much of the shore, providing cover for water birds such coots and moorhens, while dunnocks and great tits nest in dense scrub. There is grassland with many flowers, and diverse invertebrate species.

There is access from Pershore Way.
Vicky Bullett
Victoria Andrea Bullett (born October 4, 1967) is an American former professional basketball player and current women's basketball head coach at West Virginia Wesleyan College.  She played for the Charlotte Sting and Washington Mystics in the WNBA, as well as for European and South American professional teams, the U.S. Olympic team, and the University of Maryland Terrapins. Bullett played at various times as a center, small forward, and power forward. She was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011.

Martinsburg, West Virginia
Martinsburg is a city in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 18,773 at the 2020 census, making Martinsburg the largest city in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia and the sixth-most populous city in the state. It is a principal city of the Hagerstown–Martinsburg metropolitan area extending into Maryland, which had 293,844 residents in 2020.
Gilbert McIlveen
Gilbert McIlveen (17? – 1833) was a Belfast linen draper and founding member of the Society of the United Irishmen, a revolutionary organisation in late 18th century Ireland. He took no part in the rebellion of 1798 and in 1803, in response to rumours of a further republican insurrection, he joined the loyalist yeomanry.

Thomas Russell (rebel)
Thomas Paliser Russell (21 November 1767 – 21 October 1803) was a founding member, and leading organiser, of the United Irishmen marked by his radical-democratic and millenarian convictions. A member of the movement's northern executive in Belfast, and a key figure in promoting a republican alliance with the agrarian Catholic Defenders, he was arrested in advance of the risings of 1798 and held until 1802. He was executed in 1803, following Robert Emmet's aborted rising in Dublin for which he had tried, but failed, to raise support among United and Defender veterans in the north.
Oxford Poets
Oxford Poets is an imprint of the British poetry publisher Carcanet Press.

The imprint was established in March 1999 when the founder and editor of Carcanet Press, Michael Schmidt, acquired the Oxford University Press poetry list. OUP's authors had included such critically-acclaimed poets as Fleur Adcock, Joseph Brodsky, Greg Delanty, Alice Oswald, Craig Raine, and Jo Shapcott.  Oxford University Press's decision to abandon its poetry list in November 1998 provoked a literary firestorm in the British media.

Though published by Carcanet, the Oxford Poets list has retained an element of editorial independence. Two major contemporary writers, the Irish poet Bernard O'Donoghue and the English poet, editor, and translator David Constantine currently oversee the imprint.

Carcanet Press
Carcanet Press is a publisher, primarily of poetry, based in the United Kingdom. Originally a student magazine devised by undergraduates collaborating between Oxford and Cambridge, it was refounded in 1969 by Michael Schmidt.

In 2000 it was named the Sunday Times millennium Small Publisher of the Year.
Solo Balapan railway station
7°33′24″S 110°49′17″E﻿ / ﻿7.5567545°S 110.8213985°E﻿ / -7.5567545; 110.8213985

Solo Balapan Station (also known as Balapan Station, station code SLO) is a major railway station in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The name "Balapan" is taken from the name of a village which is located to the north of the station. The station is located on the railway line that connects the cities of Bandung, Jakarta, Surabaya, and Semarang. Solo Balapan Station is the largest station in Surakarta and Central Java.

KAI Commuter Yogyakarta Line
KAI Commuter Yogyakarta Line (also called KRL Commuterline Yogyakarta–Solo, informally KRL Jogja–Solo, KRL Solo–Jogja or KRL Joglo), officially the Yogyakarta Commuter Line, is a commuter rail system in Indonesia serving Greater Yogyakarta in Special Region of Yogyakarta and Greater Surakarta (Solo) in Central Java. Operated by KAI Commuter, subsidiary of the national railway company Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI), it is the first electric-powered commuter rail system in Indonesia outside of Greater Jakarta's Commuterline. The single-line system replaced Yogyakarta-Solo section of diesel-powered commuter rail Prambanan Ekspres (Prameks), also operated by KAI Commuter, on 10 February 2021.
Eden Riegel
Eden Sonja Jane Riegel (born January 1, 1981) is an American actress. She portrayed Bianca Montgomery in the daytime drama All My Children, and propelled the character into a gay icon, as well as a popular figure within the medium. Nominated previously on multiple occasions, she received a Daytime Emmy Award for the role in 2005.

In addition to her work on All My Children, Riegel has guest starred in several prime time shows, as well as film, and starred as character "Eden" in the web series Imaginary Bitches. She assumed the role of Heather Stevens on The Young and the Restless from April 2010 to November 2011.

Riegel is also a prolific voice actress, providing the voices for many video games and animated projects. She is the voice director for Disney's animated TV series Amphibia, The Owl House, The Ghost and Molly McGee, Hailey's On It!, Zombies: The Re-Animated Series, Primos and Kiff (alongside her brother Sam Riegel).

Tatiana S. Riegel
Tatiana S. Riegel A.C.E.,  is an American film editor known for independent films such as Lars and the Real Girl, The Way Way Back and I, Tonya. She received an ACE Eddie award for "Best Edited Miniseries or Motion Picture for Non-Commercial Television".
1976 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours
The 1976 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours were announced on 27 May 1976 to mark the second resignation of the Prime Minister, Harold Wilson. The list of resignation honours became known satirically as the "Lavender List".

Prime Minister's Resignation Honours
The Prime Minister's Resignation Honours in the United Kingdom are honours granted at the behest of an outgoing prime minister following their resignation. In such a list, a prime minister may ask the monarch to bestow peerages, or lesser honours, on any number of people of their choosing. In 1997, an additional 47 working peers were created at the behest of the three main parties.
Bamba Qadin
Bamba Qadin (Arabic: بامبا قادین; Turkish: Pembe Kadın; died 1871; name meaning "Pink") was an Egyptian princess, and a member of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. She was the wife of Tusun Pasha (1794–1816) the second son of Muhammad Ali Pasha and the Walida Pasha to their son Abbas Hilmi Pasha (1812–1854). According to the family documents of Rukiye Kuneralp, Bamba may have been a daughter of Mehmed Arif Bey, and sister of Fatma Zehra Hanım, wife of Muhammad Ali Pasha's son, Isma'il Pasha.

Bamba married Tusun Pasha, and gave birth to Abbas Hilmi Pasha on 1 July 1812. When Tusun died of plague at the age of twenty three in 1816, her mother-in-law Amina Hanim, took her and her son, to live with her, and refused to be parted from him.

The Sibil Kuttab Umm Abbas at Saliba Street in Cairo was built in her honor.

She died in 1871 in Ataba al-Khadra Palace, Cairo, and was buried in Qubbat Afandina, Khedive Tewfik Pasha Mausoleum, in Afifi zone.

Amina Hanim
Amina Hanim (Arabic: أمينة هانم; Turkish: Emine Hanım; 1770 – 1824) was the first princess consort of Muhammad Ali, a former Ottoman Wāli (governor) turned ruler of Egypt and later the first monarch of the Muhammad Ali dynasty.
Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf, a grade one race run on grass on Saturday of the Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships.

Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf
The Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf is a Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race on turf for fillies and mares, three years old and up. It is held annually at a different racetrack in the United States as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships.

This race is a middle distance Grade 1 which has consistently drawn the best female turf horses not just from the United States but around the world. The race is run at either 1+1⁄4 miles (2,000 m) or 1+3⁄8 miles (2,200 m), depending on the turf course configuration at the Breeders' Cup host track. For tracks which can accommodate either distance (Belmont, Woodbine, and Santa Anita ), it is run at 1+1⁄4 miles. The 2015 edition at Keeneland was conducted at 1+3⁄16 miles because that track's turf course configuration does not allow for the two regular distances to be conducted on it. For the same reason, the 2017 edition at Del Mar was held at a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles.
Waterways, Alberta
Waterways is a locality within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo in northern Alberta, Canada. It is now a neighbourhood within the Fort McMurray urban service area along the west bank of the Clearwater River, south of the river's confluence with the Athabasca River.

Fort McMurray
Fort McMurray (/məkˈmʌri/ mək-MURR-ee) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo in Alberta, Canada. It is located in northeast Alberta, in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands, surrounded by boreal forest. It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry. The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage.

Formerly a city, Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No. 143 on April 1, 1995, to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo (renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14, 1996). Despite its current official designation of urban service area, many locals, politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city. Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962.
Eldrevatnet
Eldrevatnet is a lake in Lærdal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 3.48-square-kilometre (1.34 sq mi) lake lies at an elevation of 1,116 metres (3,661 ft) above sea level. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of the village of Borgund, not far from the European route E16 highway and the Filefjell Kongevegen road. The lake Øljusjøane lies 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the lake. The lake Juklevatnet and the mountain Høgeloft both lie about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northeast of the lake.

The lake Eldrevatnet is regulated by a hydroelectric dam and supplies water for a nearby power station.

Høgeloft
Høgeloft is a mountain on the border between Lærdal Municipality (in Vestland county) and Hemsedal Municipality (in Buskerud county), Norway. At 1,920 metres (6,300 ft) above sea level, it is the highest mountain in the Filefjell mountain range. Høgeloft is one of the mountains in the Hemsedal Top 20 group.

Høgeloft is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of the village of Borgund in Lærdal Municipality, not far from the European route E16 highway and the old Filefjell Kongevegen road. The lake Juklevatnet lies at the southern base of the mountain and the lake Eldrevatnet lies 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southwest of the mountain.
Prime Minister of Turkey
The prime minister of Turkey, officially the prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı), was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Turkish Parliament and presided over the cabinet. Throughout the political history of Turkey, functions and powers of the post have changed occasionally. Prior to its dissolution as a result of the 2017 Constitutional Referendum, the holder of the premiership was generally the dominant figure in Turkish politics, outweighing the president.

Constitution of Turkey
The Constitution of Turkey, formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), and informally as the Constitution of 1982 (Turkish: 1982 Anayasası), is Turkey's fundamental law. It establishes the organization of the government, and sets out the principles and rules of the state's conduct along with its responsibilities in regard to its citizens. The constitution also establishes the rights and responsibilities of the latter while setting the guidelines for the delegation and exercise that sovereignty belongs entirely and without doubt to the people.

The constitution was ratified on 7 November 1982. It replaced the earlier Constitution of 1961. The constitution was amended 21 times, three of them through a referendum: 2007, 2010, 2017, one of them partly through referendum: 1987. As of April 2017, 117 of the 177 articles of the Constitution of 1982 were amended overall.
David Langer (neurosurgeon)
David J. Langer is an American neurosurgeon who is chair of neurosurgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. In addition, he is a professor of neurosurgery and radiology at the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell. Langer was a star on two Netflix docu-series, Lenox Hill in 2020, and Emergency: NYC in 2023.

Langer has made appearances on several news programs including CNN, Fox News, ABC News, and CBS, and has written articles for The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. In addition. Langer is a peer reviewer for the medical journals Neurosurgery and World Neurosurgery.

Zucker School of Medicine
The Zucker School of Medicine is the medical school of Hofstra University in Hempstead on Long Island, in New York. The academic institution was established in 2008 by Hofstra University and the North Shore-LIJ Hospital system which was rebranded as Northwell Health in 2015.
Mekong Delta (band)
Mekong Delta is a German thrash/progressive metal band formed by Ralf Hubert in 1985. The band members initially kept their identities a secret, assuming that German musicians would not be accepted internationally. The band's debut album, Mekong Delta, was released in 1987, followed by several other albums, lineup changes, and a hiatus. In 2007, they released the album Lurking Fear, and in 2014, they released In a Mirror Darkly.

Living Death (band)
Living Death was a German speed metal/thrash metal band from Velbert, noted for being one of the pioneering bands in the thrash metal genre. The band's career spanned from the early 1980s until the early 1990s and has since acquired a cult status.
Bethesda, Maryland
Bethesda (/bəˈθɛzdə/) is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Located just northwest of Washington, D.C., it is a major business and government center of the Washington metropolitan region and a national center for medical research. According to the 2020 census, the community had a population of 68,056.

Medical Center station (Washington Metro)
Medical Center station is a Washington Metro station in Bethesda, Maryland, United States. The island-platformed station was opened on August 25, 1984, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). Providing service for the Red Line, the station serves the National Institutes of Health campus and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, and is located at Rockville Pike and South Drive. Since there is little retail in the area and no commuter parking lot, this station is used almost exclusively by employees and visitors to those two institutions.
Ben Johnston (composer)
Benjamin Burwell Johnston Jr. (March 15, 1926 – July 21, 2019) was an American contemporary music composer, known for his use of just intonation. He was called "one of the foremost composers of microtonal music" by Philip Bush and "one of the best non-famous composers this country has to offer" by John Rockwell.

Heidi Von Gunden
Heidi C. Von Gunden is a musicologist and Associate Professor of Composition-Theory at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.  She has written books on the music of Ben Johnston, Pauline Oliveros, Lou Harrison, and Vivian Fine.  The books about Johnston's and Harrison's music are detailed studies about the composers' use of just intonation, and the books about Oliveros and Fine contain analyses of their music and examine the issues of women composers. In addition, Von Gunden has published several compositions and contributed theoretical writings and analyses to the College Music Symposium, Neuland, Perspectives of New Music, and the International League of Women Composers Journal.
Antigua and Barbuda national rugby union team
The Antigua and Barbuda national rugby union team represents Antigua and Barbuda in the sport of rugby union. They have thus far not qualified for a Rugby World Cup, and have not participated in qualifying tournaments.

Antigua and Barbuda compete  in the Caribbean Rugby Championship, a tournament which includes Trinidad and Tobago, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Jamaica, the Bahamas, British Virgin Islands, and Guyana.

Jamaica national rugby union team
The Jamaica national rugby union team represents Jamaica in the sport of rugby union. The team has thus far not qualified for a Rugby World Cup but has participated in qualifying tournaments.

The national side is ranked 66th in the world (as of 4 November 2024).
Nösnerland
The Nösnerland (listenⓘ, also known as Nösnergau; Romanian: Țara Năsăudului; Hungarian: Beszterce vidéke) is a historic region of northeastern Transylvania in present-day Romania centered between the Bistrița and Mureș rivers. In today's administrative boundaries, it is located in southern Bistrița-Năsăud County and north-central Mureș County.

Bistrița
Bistrița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈbistritsa] ⓘ; German: Bistritz, archaic Nösen; Transylvanian Saxon: Bästerts; Hungarian: Beszterce) is the capital city of Bistrița-Năsăud County, in northern Transylvania, Romania. It is situated on the Bistrița River. The city has a population of 78,877 inhabitants as of 2021 and administers six villages: Ghinda (Windau; Vinda), Sărata (Salz; Sófalva), Sigmir (Schönbirk; Szépnyír), Slătinița (Pintak; Pinták), Unirea (until 1950 Aldorf; Wallendorf; Aldorf) and Viișoara (Heidendorf; Besenyő). There is a project for the creation of a metropolitan area that will contain the municipality of Bistrița and 3 surrounding localities (Șieu-Măgheruș, Budacu de Jos, and Livezile), whose combined population would be over 91,600 inhabitants.