hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grotte, Sicily
Grotte (Sicilian: Grutti) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Agrigento.

Grotte borders the following municipalities: Aragona, Campofranco, Comitini, Favara, Milena, Racalmuto.

Comitini
Comitini (Sicilian: Cuminiti) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) northeast of Agrigento. The town is located on a hilly area, 346 metres (1,135 ft) above sea level.
Michael DeMichele
Michael DeMichele is a professional poker player from East Haven, Connecticut. DeMichele's first major success in poker came in the 2006 United States Poker Championship Main Event, where he finished in 3rd place winning  $215,194. Since then, DeMichele has cashed in some World Series of Poker events and has had success at the events he has cashed in. His biggest finish at the WSOP was in 2008, where he finished runner-up to Scotty Nguyen at the 2008 World Series of Poker $50,000 H.O.R.S.E. World Championship, earning $1,243,200, earlier that same year in the $10,000 World Championship Mixed Event, DeMichele finished 4th and earned $139,872.

As of 2009, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,700,000. His seven cashes at the WSOP account for $1,426,770 of those winnings.

Scotty Nguyen
Thuận B. "Scotty" Nguyễn (born October 28, 1962) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player who is a five-time World Series of Poker (WSOP) bracelet winner, most notably as the winner of the 1998 World Series of Poker Main Event and the 2008 World Series of Poker $50,000 H.O.R.S.E. World Championship. He is the first player to win both the WSOP Main Event and $50,000 Players' Championship.
Burchard (name)
Burchard (Bouchard, Burchardt, Burckhart, Burkhart, Burkard, Burkhard, Burkert, Borchardt, Burckhardt and variants, Old English Burgheard) are both Germanic given names and surnames, from Burg "castle" and hart "hard". Notable people with the name include:

Burchardt
Burchardt is a German language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brigitte Burchardt (born 1954), German chess player

Hans Burchardt (1904–1992), American woodcarver

Hans-Jürgen Burchardt, German economist and social scientist

Hermann Burchardt (1857–1909), German explorer and photographer

Regina Burchardt (born 1983), German volleyball player

Ulla Burchardt (born 1954), German politician
Nottingham University Business School
Nottingham University Business School (NUBS) is the business school of the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom situated on the university's Jubilee Campus, close to Nottingham city centre.

The school has three campuses in the UK, China and Malaysia. It is among a group of international business schools that hold triple accreditation from the leading accrediting organisations: AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS.

Campuses of the University of Nottingham
The University of Nottingham operates from five campuses in Nottinghamshire and from two overseas campuses, one in Ningbo, China and the other in Semenyih, Malaysia.

The Ningbo campus was officially opened on 23 February 2005 by the then British Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, in the presence of Chinese education minister Zhou Ji and State Counsellor Chen Zhili. The Malaysia campus was the first purpose-built UK university campus in a foreign country and was officially opened by Najib Tun Razak on 26 September 2005. Najib Tun Razak, as well as being a Nottingham alumnus, was Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia at the time and has since become Prime Minister of Malaysia.

University Park Campus and Jubilee Campus are situated a few miles from the centre of Nottingham, with the small King's Meadow Campus nearby. Sutton Bonington Campus is situated 12 miles (19 km) south of the central campuses, near the village of Sutton Bonington.
Marj al-Sultan
Marj al-Sultan (Arabic: مرج السلطان, also spelled Marj Sultan, meaning "the meadow of Sulṭān") is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located 15 kilometers east of Damascus city. The village is situated in the fertile Ghouta region amid an orchard-filled area. Nearby localities include Harasta al-Qantarah and Zabdin to the west, al-Nashabiyah to the north, al-Bilaliyah to the east, Deir Salman to the southeast, Sakka to the south and Deir al-Asafir to the southwest.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Marj al-Sultan had a population of 1,860 in the 2004 census. In 2012 the population was estimated to be 2,500. Its inhabitants are predominantly members of Syria's Circassian community.

Al-Bilaliyah
Al-Bilaliyah (Arabic: البلالية, also spelled ''Bilaliyeh) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located east of Damascus city. Situated in the fertile Ghouta region, nearby localities include Marj al-Sultan to the west, al-Nashabiyah to the north, al-Qasimiyah and al-Jarba to the northeast, al-Qisa to the east and Deir Salman to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Bilaliyah had a population of 2,914 in the 2004 census.
Boconnoc
Boconnoc (Cornish: Boskennek) is a civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, approximately four miles (6 km) east of the town of Lostwithiel. According to the 2011 census the parish had a population of 96.

The parish is rural in character and is fairly well wooded. It is bordered to the west by St Winnow parish, to the south by St Veep parish, to the southeast and east by Lanreath parish, and to the north by Braddock parish. The hamlets of Couch's Mill and Brooks are in the parish. Part of ancient deer park at Boconnoc House contains an internationally important assemblage of lichens and is one of the most important sites in Europe for lichens.

Lanteglos-by-Fowey
Lanteglos (Cornish: Nanseglos, meaning church valley) is a coastal civil parish in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is on the east side of the tidal estuary of the River Fowey which separates it from the town and civil parish of Fowey. The South West Coast Path runs along the southern coasts of the parish and much of the southern part of the parish lies in the Polruan to Polperro Site of Special Scientific Interest managed by the National Trust.
Owyhee Airport
Owyhee Airport (FAA LID: 1ØU) is a public use airport located 4 nautical miles (4.6 mi; 7.4 km) west of the central business district of Owyhee, in Elko County, Nevada, United States. It is owned by the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes and is located within the Duck Valley Indian Reservation.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Owyhee, Nevada
Owyhee (/oʊˈwaɪhiː/, Shoshoni: Un Kwahain) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Elko County, Nevada, United States, along the banks of the Owyhee River. The population was 953 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is the primary town of the federally recognized Shoshone-Paiute tribe's Duck Valley Indian Reservation, which covers portions of northern Nevada and southern Idaho, and the majority of its population is Native American.

Owyhee, along with the rest of Nevada except for the city of West Wendover, is legally in the Pacific Time Zone. But, along with other Idaho border towns such as Jackpot, Mountain City and Jarbidge, it unofficially observes the Mountain Time Zone as it has closer proximity to and greater connections with towns in southern Idaho.
Patrício Pitbull
Patrício André de Sousa Freire (born July 7, 1987), known professionally as Patrício Pitbull, is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He formerly competed in Bellator MMA where he was the three-time Bellator Featherweight Champion and former Bellator Lightweight Champion. He is the younger brother of lightweight fighter Patricky Pitbull. He was the second-ever simultaneous two-weight champion in Bellator MMA history, and is widely considered to be the best Bellator fighter of all-time.  As of November 4, 2025, he is #12 in the UFC featherweight rankings.

2010 in Bellator MMA
2010 in Bellator MMA was the second installment of the Bellator Fighting Championships (Bellator FC)-produced series. It started on April 8, 2010, and ended on June 24, 2010. Tournaments were held in the featherweight, lightweight, welterweight and middleweight divisions. The winner of each tournament will get a shot at the current Bellator Champion in his respective weight class. Three of the four current Bellator Champions also fought during this season in "Super Fights". These non-tournament, non-title catch-weight fights were to help prepare the champions in defending their titles against the winners of this season's tournaments sometime in the third season.
Animal painter
An animal painter is an artist who specialises in (or is known for their skill in) the portrayal of animals.

The OED dates the first express use of the term "animal painter" to the mid-18th century: by English physician, naturalist and writer John Berkenhout (1726–1791). From the early 20th century, wildlife artist became a more usual term for contemporary animal painters.

Edwin Landseer
Sir Edwin Henry Landseer RA (7 March 1802 – 1 October 1873) was an English painter and sculptor, well known for his paintings of animals – particularly horses, dogs, and stags. His best-known work is the lion sculptures at the base of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square.
Thumb keyboard
A thumb keyboard, or a thumb board, is a type of keyboard commonly found on PDAs, mobile phones, and PDA phones which has a familiar layout to an ordinary keyboard, such as QWERTY. The inputting surface is usually relatively small and is intended for typing using thumbs, with the other fingers employed to hold the device.

QWERTY
QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets; the name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row of the keyboard: QWERTY. The design evolved for the quick typing of English on typewriters.

The QWERTY design is based on a layout included on the Sholes and Glidden typewriter sold by E. Remington and Sons from 1874. The layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878 and remains in widespread use as a de facto standard on computers, as of 2026. Two prominent alternatives, Dvorak and Colemak, have been developed.  In Europe, two types of modified layouts, QWERTZ and AZERTY, are used predominantly for German and French, respectively.
Lambros Tzavelas
Lambros Tzavelas (Greek: Λάμπρος Τζαβέλας; Albanian: Llambro Xhavella; 1745–1792) was a Souliot leader. He was famous for his role in the Souliot struggles against Ali Pasha, the Pasha of Yanina. Tzavelas was born in Souli.

He was sent to help Ali Pasha to capture Gjirokastër with seventy  Souliotes. He was betrayed and his son Foto was captured and held prisoner in Castro castle in Ioannina, while Lambros was let free. Foto was released by Ali Pasha's son, Veli Pasha. He became the leader of the Souliotes following the death of his father. His grandson was Kitsos Tzavelas.

Kitsos Tzavelas
Kitsos Tzavelas (Greek: Κίτσος Τζαβέλας; 1800–1855) was a Souliot fighter and general of the Greek rebels in the Greek War of Independence. After the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece he entered Greek politics and served as Minister of Military Affairs (1847-1848) and as Prime Minister (1847).
Ponkapoag Camp of Appalachian Mountain Club
The Ponkapoag Camp of Appalachian Mountain Club is a camp of the  Appalachian Mountain Club located on the eastern shore of Ponkapoag Pond in Randolph, Massachusetts. The camp consists of a collection of 20 cabins, dispersed across a wooded area, that typically sleep 4-6 people. No electricity or potable water is available at the camp. In the summer the camp also makes available two tent sites for camping. The camp was established in 1921.

Two of the camp's oldest surviving cabins were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Randolph, Massachusetts
Randolph is a suburban city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2020 census, the city population was 34,984. Randolph adopted a charter effective January 2010 providing for a council-manager form of government instead of the traditional town meeting. Randolph is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for, and been granted, city forms of government but wish to retain "The town of" in their official names.
Capital Cost Allowance
Capital Cost Allowance (CCA) is the means by which Canadian businesses may claim depreciation expense for calculating taxable income under the Income Tax Act. Similar allowances are in effect for calculating taxable income for provincial purposes.

Depreciation
In accountancy, depreciation refers to two aspects of the same concept: first, an actual reduction in the fair value of an asset, such as the decrease in value of factory equipment each year as it is used and wears, and second, the allocation in accounting statements of the original cost of the assets to periods in which the assets are used (depreciation with the matching principle).

Depreciation is thus the decrease in the value of assets and the method used to reallocate, or "write down" the cost of a tangible asset (such as equipment) over its useful life span. Businesses depreciate long-term assets for both accounting and tax purposes. The decrease in value of the asset affects the balance sheet of a business or entity, and the method of depreciating the asset, accounting-wise, affects the net income, and thus the income statement that they report. Generally, the cost is allocated as depreciation expense among the periods in which the asset is expected to be used.
MARC Train
The Maryland Area Rail Commuter (MARC) is a commuter rail system in the Washington–Baltimore area. MARC (reporting mark MARC) is administered by the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) and operated under contract by Alstom and Amtrak on track owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) and Amtrak. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 4,187,100, or about 19,300 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025, less than pre-COVID-19 pandemic weekday ridership of 40,000.

With trains on the Penn Line reaching a maximum speed of 125 miles per hour (201 km/h), MARC has the highest top speed of any commuter railroad in the United States.

Push–pull train
Push–pull is a configuration for locomotive-hauled trains, usually having a locomotive on one end and a control car on another, connected via some form of remote control, such as multiple-unit train control.

This formation meant that the locomotive would not have to run-around at the end of a journey before returning.

The trains were also historically knows as "motor trains" or "railmotors", but the term "railmotor" is now used to refer to trains where the locomotive was integrated into a coach. In the UK and some other parts of Europe, the control car is referred to as a driving trailer (or driving van trailer/DVT where there is no passenger accommodation); in the US and Canada, they are called cab cars and in Australia, they are called driving trailers.
Australasian Mediterranean Sea
The Australasian Mediterranean Sea is a mediterranean sea located in the area between Southeast Asia and Australasia. It connects the Indian and Pacific oceans. It has a maximum depth of 7,440 m and a surface area of 9.08 mil. km².

Mediterranean seas
In oceanography, a mediterranean sea (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən) is a mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of water with outer oceans and whose water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than by winds or tides. The eponymous Mediterranean Sea, for example, is almost completely enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.
Munkebo Speedway Center
Munkebo Speedway Center is a motorcycle speedway facility in Munkebo, Denmark. The facility is located on the western outskirts of the town, on the Garbækstoften road, just off Garbæksvej. The center hosts the speedway team Munkebo Speedway Club, who race in the Danish Speedway League system. In addition to a standard 500cc oval track, there is a smaller 80cc track (measuring 196 metres) adjacent to the main one.

Munkebo
Munkebo is a town in central Denmark, located in Kerteminde Municipality in the Region of Southern Denmark on the island of Funen. It was also the site of the municipal council of the abolished Munkebo Municipality. The town had a population of 5,423 as of 1 January 2025.
Otrick Island
Otrick Island is a member of the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. The uninhabited island lies in Peel Sound, south of Somerset Island's Four Rivers Bay. The equally small Barth Island is to the south.

Barth Island
Barth Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Peel Sound, south of Somerset Island's Four Rivers Bay, and the equally small Otrick Island. Prince of Wales Island is to the west.
Rick Griffin
Richard Alden Griffin (June 18, 1944 – August 18, 1991) was an American artist and one of the leading designers of psychedelic posters in the 1960s. He was a key figure in the underground comix movement as a founding member of the Zap Comix collective. Griffin was closely identified with the Grateful Dead, designing some of their best-known posters and album covers including Aoxomoxoa. His work within the surfing subculture included both film posters and his comic strip, Murphy.

Aoxomoxoa
Aoxomoxoa is the third studio album by American rock band the Grateful Dead, released on June 20, 1969, by Warner Bros.-Seven Arts. It was one of the first rock albums to be recorded using 16-track technology. The title is a meaningless palindrome, usually pronounced /ˌɒksəməkˈsoʊə/ OK-sə-mək-SOH-ə.

Rolling Stone, upon reviewing the album, mentioned that "no other music sustains a lifestyle so delicate and loving and lifelike". The album was certified gold by the RIAA on May 13, 1997. In 1991 Rolling Stone selected Aoxomoxoa as having the eighth best album cover of all time. It was voted number 674 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000).
Sarcococca orientalis
Sarcococca orientalis is a species in the genus Sarcococca in the plant family Buxaceae. It is commonly known as Christmas box or sweet box. It is native to Jiangxi province of south-east China, and forms a small evergreen shrub, preferring positions with some shade. The ovate-lanceolate leaves are cuneate at the base and can reach 9 cm in length. The leaves are longer than the leaves of the commonly cultivated S.confusa and broader than S. hookeriana. The pink-tinged white flowers are inconspicuous but sweetly scented, and appear along the branches in midwinter, their scent most noticeable during mild spells. The small fruits (drupes) are black.

Sarcococca
Sarcococca, nicknamed sweet box or Christmas box, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Buxaceae. native to eastern and southeastern Asia, and the Himalayas, with one species native to Central America. They are slow-growing, monoecious, evergreen shrubs 1–2 m (3–7 ft) tall. The leaves are borne alternately, 3–12 cm long and 1–4 cm broad.
375-line television system
375-line corresponds to two different electronic television systems, both using 375 scan lines. One system (monochrome, 50 fields per second, interlaced) was used in Germany after 1936 along with the 180-line system, being replaced in a few years by the superior 441-line system. It was also tested in Italy around the same time.

In the United States a completely different system (field sequential color, 120 fields per second, interlaced)  was used for early color television broadcasts

441-line television system
441-line is the number of scan lines in some early electronic monochrome analog television systems. Systems with this number of lines were used with 25 interlaced frames per second in France from 1937 to 1956, Germany from 1939 to 1943, Italy from 1939  to 1940, Japan in 1939, as well as by RCA in the United States with 30 interlaced frames per second from 1938 to 1941. Broadcasts were planned in Finland for 1940, but eventually cancelled due to World War II. Some experiments with a similar system were carried out on the USSR in the 1930s.
Coronie District
Coronie is a district of Suriname, situated on the coast. Coronie's capital city is Totness. The district border the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the Surinamese district of Saramacca to the east, the Surinamese district of Sipaliwini to the south and the Surinamese district of Nickerie to the west. The district is served by the Totness Airstrip.

The district has a population of 3,391 and an area of 3,902 km2, making it the least-populated district of Suriname.

Totness Airstrip
Totness Airstrip (IATA: TOT, ICAO: SMCO) is an airport serving Totness, a town in and capital of the Coronie District in Suriname. This is one of the oldest airports in Suriname.

The marked runway is 500 metres (1,600 ft). Including overruns extends it to 700 metres (2,300 ft).
DVB
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a set of international open standards for digital television. DVB standards are maintained by the DVB Project, an international industry consortium, and are published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and European Broadcasting Union (EBU).

IP over DVB
IP over DVB implies that Internet Protocol datagrams are distributed using some digital television system, for example DVB-H, DVB-SH, DVB-T, DVB-S, DVB-C or their successors like DVB-T2, DVB-S2, and DVB-C2. This may take the form of IP over MPEG, where the datagrams are transferred over the MPEG transport stream, or the datagrams may be carried in the DVB baseband frames directly, as in GSE.
Group cognition
Group cognition is a social, largely linguistic phenomenon whereby a group of people produce a sequence of utterances that performs a cognitive act. That is, if a similar sequence was uttered or thought by an individual it would be considered an act of cognition or thinking. The group can be a small group, such as 3–5 people talking together or working together online. The group can also be a larger collective, such as a classroom of students or a global community contributing asynchronously to an extended discourse on a problem or topic or to a knowledge repository like Wikipedia. The theory of group cognition is a postcognitivism philosophy, which considers a larger unit of analysis than an individual mind as a producer of cognitive activities such as creative problem solving.

Computer-supported collaborative learning
Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a pedagogical approach wherein learning takes place via social interaction using a computer or through the Internet. This kind of learning is characterized by the sharing and construction of knowledge among participants using technology as their primary means of communication or as a common resource. CSCL can be implemented in online and classroom learning environments and can take place synchronously or asynchronously.

The study of computer-supported collaborative learning draws on a number of academic disciplines, including instructional technology, educational psychology, sociology, cognitive psychology, and social psychology. It is related to collaborative learning and Computer Supported Cooperative Work.