hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Stone National Historic Site
The Thomas Stone National Historic Site, also known as Haberdeventure or the Thomas Stone House, is a United States National Historic Site located about 25 miles (40 km) south of Washington D.C. in Charles County, Maryland. The site was established to protect the home and property of Founding Father Thomas Stone, one of the 56 signers of the United States Declaration of Independence. His home and estate were owned by the Stone family until 1936.

Thomas Stone
Thomas Stone (1743 – October 5, 1787) was an American Founding Father, planter, politician, and lawyer who signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a delegate for Maryland. He later worked on the committee that formed the Articles of Confederation in 1777. He acted as president of Congress for a short time in 1784. Stone was a member of the Maryland Senate from 1777 to 1780 and again from 1781 to 1787.
Alaska Bible College
Alaska Bible College is a private Christian bible college in Palmer, Alaska. It is nationally accredited by the Association for Biblical Higher Education.

The school was established in 1966 by missionary Vincent James Joy, a graduate of Moody Bible Institute who became a pioneer missionary to the Ahtna people and also founded Central Alaskan Missions (which is now a branch of SEND International).  Joy began ABC with a focus on theological education for those preparing for ministry within Alaska.

A primary distinctive of the school is its emphasis on training individuals, including Alaska Natives, for rural ministry in the Far North.

Palmer, Alaska
Palmer is a city in and the borough seat of the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States, located 42 miles (68 km) northeast of Anchorage on the Glenn Highway in the Matanuska Valley.  It is the ninth-largest city in Alaska, and forms part of the Anchorage metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 5,888, down from 5,937 in 2010.

Palmer hosts the annual Alaska State Fair, and is also the headquarters of the National Tsunami Warning Center.
Antigua and Barbuda at the Olympics
Antigua and Barbuda first competed at the Olympic Games in 1976, and has participated in each subsequent Summer Olympics with the exception of the 1980 Moscow Olympics (Games of the XXII Olympiad); Antigua and Barbuda participated in the American-led boycott.

The nation has never won a medal at the Summer Olympics (also known as the Games of the Olympiad).  Antigua and Barbuda has never competed in the Winter Olympics (also known as the Olympic Winter Games).

The Antigua and Barbuda Olympic Association was formed in 1966 after the dissolution of the West Indies Federation in 1962, and recognized in 1976.

Antigua and Barbuda National Olympic Committee
The Antigua and Barbuda National Olympic Committee (IOC code: ANT) is the National Olympic Committee representing Antigua and Barbuda. It is also the body responsible for Antigua and Barbuda's representation at the Commonwealth Games.
Piandimeleto
Piandimeleto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of Ancona and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Pesaro.

Piandimeleto borders the following municipalities: Belforte all'Isauro, Carpegna, Frontino, Lunano, Macerata Feltria, Pietrarubbia, Sant'Angelo in Vado, Sassocorvaro Auditore, Sestino, Urbino. Its territory is included in the Sasso Simone and Simoncello Regional Park. The Foglia river flows near the town.

Frontino, Marche
Frontino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche. As of 2001, it had a population of 369 and an area of 10 square kilometres (3.9 mi2) which amounts to 37 people per square kilometre.

Frontino borders the following municipalities: Carpegna, Piandimeleto, and Pietrarubbia. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Siege of Masulipatam
The siege of Masulipatam was a British siege of the town of Masulipatam, held by the French and Dutch, in India during the Seven Years' War. The siege commenced on 6 March 1759 and lasted until the storming of the town by the British on 7 April. The British were commanded by Colonel Francis Forde while the French defenders were under the command of Conflans.

The British taking of the town helped relieve the Siege of Madras.

Machilipatnam
Machilipatnam (Telugu: [mɐt͡ʃiliːpɐʈnɐm] ⓘ), also known as Masulipatnam and Bandar (Telugu: [bɐn̪d̪ɐɾ]), is a city in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of Krishna district. It is also the mandal headquarters of Machilipatnam mandal in Machilipatnam revenue division of the district. The ancient port town served as the settlement of European traders from the 16th century, and it was a major trading port for the Portuguese, British, Dutch and French in the 17th century.
Sylvain Arend
Sylvain Julien Victor Arend (6 August 1902 – 18 February 1992) was a Belgian astronomer born in Robelmont, Luxembourg province, Belgium. His main interest was astrometry.

Together with Georges Roland, he discovered the bright comet C/1956 R1 (Arend-Roland). He also discovered, or co-discovered, the periodic comets 49P/Arend-Rigaux and 50P/Arend, Nova Scuti 1952, and a number of asteroids, including notably the Amor asteroid 1916 Boreas and the Trojan asteroid 1583 Antilochus. He also discovered 1652 Hergé which is named after Hergé, the creator of The Adventures of Tintin. The asteroid 1563 Noël is named after his son, Emanuel Arend.

In 1948, Arend started together with sixteen other people the skeptic organisation Comité Para. The outer main-belt asteroid 1502 Arenda was named in his honor.

1563 Noël
1563 Noël (provisional designation 1943 EG) is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 March 1943, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, and named after his son.
Kuchug
Kuchug was a Pecheneg khan who ruled during the 990s CE. The Nikol'sk Chronicle relates that Kuchug converted to Christianity around the year 990 (most likely as a result of Vladimir the Great's Christianization). The Chronicle states that Kuchug "served Vladimir with a pure heart". The name of Kuchug means 'little, small' in Turkic. He was preceded as khan by Metiga, and his rule began no earlier than around 988 (but had certainly begun by 991; no exact date can be pinpointed for the beginning of his reign.

Pechenegs
The Pechenegs (/ˈpɛtʃənɛɡ/) or Patzinaks, also known as Pecheneg Turks, were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia who spoke the Pecheneg language. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Pechenegs controlled much of the steppes of southeast Europe and the Crimean Peninsula. In the 9th century, the Pechenegs began a period of wars against Rus', and for more than two centuries launched raids into the lands of Rus', which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars.
Marechaussee Museum
The Marechaussee Museum (Dutch - Marechausseemuseum) or Royal Marechaussee Museum (Museum der Koninklijke Marechaussee) is a museum on the history of the Royal Marechaussee of the Netherlands from its foundation by William I of the Netherlands on 26 October 1814 until the present day. It is based in the former Koninklijk Weeshuis in Buren, originally opened as an orphanage on 26 May 1612 by Maria van Nassau and remaining in that role until 1953.

It is the oldest police museum in the Netherlands and on 7 December 2005 was added to the 'Museumregister Nederland'. It and four other major Dutch military museums are overseen by the Koninklijke Stichting Defensiemusea.

Royal Marechaussee
The Royal Marechaussee (Dutch: Koninklijke Marechaussee, abbreviated to KMar) also translated as the Royal Military Constabulary, is the national gendarmerie force of the Netherlands, performing military and civilian police duties. It is also one of the two national police forces in the Netherlands, alongside the National Police Corps, and is one of the four branches of the Netherlands Armed Forces.
Burrup Peninsula
The Burrup Peninsula, previously known as Dampier Island, is a former island of the Dampier Archipelago that is now connected to the mainland via a causeway. The peninsula and islands together are also known as Murujuga. The peninsula is located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia and contains the town of Dampier as well as the Murujuga National Park. The peninsula includes the Murujuga Cultural Landscape, an area designated as a World Heritage Site in July 2025. The area contains the world's largest collection of ancient (approximately 40,000–50,000 years old) rock art (known as petroglyphs).

There is ongoing political debate on whether industrial development on the Burrup is resulting in the physical destruction and disturbance of petroglyphs. The government and industry agree that there is no ongoing damage via atmospheric pollution, while independent academics disagree.

The region is sometimes confused with the Dampier Peninsula, 800 kilometres (500 mi) to the north-east.

Dampier Archipelago
The Dampier Archipelago is a group of 42 islands near the town of Dampier in Pilbara, Western Australia.

The archipelago is also made up of reefs, shoals, channels and straits and is the traditional home of five Aboriginal language groups. It was formed 7000 years ago when rising sea levels flooded what were once coastal plains. The underlying rocks are among the oldest on Earth, formed in the Archaean period more than 2.4 billion years ago.

It is named after William Dampier, an English buccaneer and explorer who visited in 1699. Dampier named one of the islands Rosemary Island.

Despite being a region through which considerable shipping and industrial activity occurs, the archipelago has considerable marine resources.
Priszm
Priszm LP was the largest operator of Canadian fast food restaurants. The Priszm Income Fund, an income trust, owned 60.2% of Priszm.

Priszm was one of the largest franchisees of Yum! Brands in the world, owning over 746 restaurants of various Yum!-owned chains in Canada, namely KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and WingStreet. The majority of its locations were KFC restaurants, some of which are co-branded with the Taco Bell and Pizza Hut brands. Priszm was also responsible for KFC's national marketing and promotions within Canada from 2003 to 2009. The close relationship between the two companies extends to sharing the same Canadian headquarters in Vaughan, Ontario.

All stores have been sold by the end of 2012.

Taco Bell
Taco Bell IP Holder, LLC, formerly Taco Bell Corp. doing business as Taco Bell, is an American multinational chain of fast food restaurants founded in 1962 by Glen Bell (1923–2010) in Downey, California. Taco Bell is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc. The restaurants serve a variety of Mexican-inspired foods, including tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty, and specialty items, and a variety of "value menu" items. As of 2023, Taco Bell serves over two billion customers each year, at 8,212 restaurants, more than 94 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.

PepsiCo purchased Taco Bell in 1978. PepsiCo later spun off its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants; subsequently, it changed its name to Yum! Brands.
Turn Park Art Space
TurnPark Art Space, is an open-air museum, sculpture park, and performance space located in West Stockbridge, Massachusetts.  The approximately 16 acres (6.5 ha; 0.025 sq mi) site is located on the grounds of a former lime and marble quarry. 
 It includes a collection of sculptures, mostly from the Soviet Nonconformist Art movement of the 1950s - 1980s, represented by Nikolai Silis, Vladimir Lemport and Nazar Bilyk. The Gate House contains a temporary exhibition space. A 2000-square foot art gallery is planned for the site. A small amphitheater is used for outdoor performances.

The park was established in May 2017 by collectors Igor Gomberg and Katya Brezgunova, and designed by architects Grigori Fateyev and Alexander Konstantinov

West Stockbridge, Massachusetts
West Stockbridge is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The town had a population of 1,343 at the time of the 2020 United States census. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Race (biology)
In biological taxonomy, race is an informal rank in the taxonomic hierarchy for which various definitions exist. Sometimes it is used to denote a level below that of subspecies, while at other times it is used as a synonym for subspecies. It has been used as a higher rank than strain, with several strains making up one race. Races may be genetically distinct populations of individuals within the same species, or they may be defined in other ways, e.g. geographically, or physiologically. Genetic isolation between races is not complete, but genetic differences may have accumulated that are not (yet) sufficient to separate species.

The term is recognized by some, but not governed by any of the formal codes of biological nomenclature. Taxonomic units below the level of subspecies are not typically applied to animals.

Infraspecific name
In botany, an infraspecific name is the scientific name for any taxon below the rank of species, i.e. an infraspecific taxon or infraspecies. The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). As specified by the ICN, the name of an infraspecific taxon is a combination of the name of a species and an infraspecific epithet, separated by a connecting term that denotes the rank of the taxon. An example of an infraspecific name is Astrophytum myriostigma subvar. glabrum, the name of a subvariety of the species Astrophytum myriostigma (bishop's hat cactus). In the previous example, glabrum is the infraspecific epithet.

Names below the rank of species of animals and of cultivated plants are regulated by different codes of nomenclature and are formed somewhat differently.
Listed buildings in Denby Dale
Denby Dale is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England.  It contains 82 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, three are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Denby Dale, Clayton West, Lower Cumberworth, Upper Cumberworth, Lower Denby, Upper Denby, Emley, Scissett, and Skelmanthorpe, and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings, and churches and chapels with associated structures.  The other listed buildings include the base of a market cross, bridges, including a packhorse bridge, mill buildings, a milestone and mileposts, a set of stocks, a railway viaduct, and a television transmitting mast.

Upper Denby
Upper Denby is a small village within the civil parish of Denby Dale, and the borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England.

Lying  7 miles north-west of Barnsley and 11 miles to the south-east of Huddersfield and 2 miles south of Denby Dale, on an east facing slope of the Pennines, it occupies a position 820 feet (250 m) above sea level.

The southern edge of the village is bordered by the Metropolitan borough of Barnsley within the county of South Yorkshire.

The name Denby derives from the Old English Dene meaning 'the Danes', and the Old Norse bȳ meaning 'village'.
Harold Lord Varney
Harold Lord Varney (1893–1984) was an American author.

Varney was an editor at The Awakener and The American Mercury. He was a member of the IWW, of which he wrote the account Revolt. Later he moved in the direction of fascism.

After the war he was a contributor to American Opinion and headed a pro-Panama committee.

Varney was friends with Joseph P. Kamp, who was his executive editor for The Awakener.

Joseph P. Kamp
Joseph P. Kamp (May 3, 1900 – June 7, 1993) was a German American political activist from New York who ran the Constitutional Educational League and was jailed in 1950 for contempt of Congress. He was known for his pro-Nazi activities before the U.S. entered World War II, and for his antisemitic views.
William Stacpoole (priest)
William Henry Stacpoole, D.D. (b. 17 January 1787; d. 29 January 1847) was a 19th-century Anglican priest in Ireland.

Stacpoole was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Dean of Kilfenora from 1825 until his death.

Dean of Kilfenora
The Dean of Kilfenora was based at the Cathedral Church of St Fachnan (also known as St Fachtna) in Kilfenora, Clare in the small Diocese of Kilfenora within the Church of Ireland. It is probable that the Dean and Chapter were established around the end of the 12th century.

St Fachnan's is now in a semi-ruined condition, although services are still held in the nave.

The current dean of Killaloe is also dean of Kilfenora.
Port of Fujairah
Port of Fujairah (Arabic: ميناء الفجيرة), also called Fujairah Port, is a deep port located in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. It is the largest port on the eastern seaboard of the United Arab Emirates and the world second largest bunkering hub.

Fujairah
Fujairah City (Arabic: الفجيرة) is the capital of the emirate of Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates. It is the seventh-largest city in UAE, located on the Gulf of Oman (part of the Indian Ocean). It is the only Emirati capital city on the UAE's east coast. The city of Fujairah is an industrial and commercial hub located on the west coast of the Indian Ocean that sits at the foothills of the Hajar Mountains.
Core router
A core router is a router designed to operate in the Internet backbone, or core, or in core networks of internet service providers. To fulfill this role, a router must be able to support multiple telecommunications interfaces of the highest speed in use in the core Internet and must be able to forward IP packets at full speed on all of them. It must also support the routing protocols being used in the core. A core router is distinct from an edge router: edge routers sit at the edge of a backbone network and connect to core routers.

Backbone network
A backbone network or core network is a part of a computer network which interconnects networks, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus environment, or over wide areas. Normally, the backbone's capacity is greater than the networks connected to it.

A large corporation that has many locations may have a backbone network that ties all of the locations together, for example, if a server cluster needs to be accessed by different departments of a company that are located at different geographical locations. The pieces of the network connections (for example: Ethernet, wireless) that bring these departments together is often mentioned as network backbone. Network congestion is often taken into consideration while designing backbones.

One example of a backbone network is the Internet backbone.
Holmevatnet
Holmevatnet or Holmevatn is a lake in the Setesdalsheiene area of Norway.  It is located in the mountains on the border of the municipalities of Bykle in Agder county and Suldal in Rogaland county.  The 4.76-square-kilometre (1.84 sq mi) lake lies just west of the lake Store Urevatn and to the northeast of the lake Blåsjø.  The nearest villages are Berdalen in Bykle, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the east and Suldalsosen, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the west.  The mountain Kaldafjellet lies about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the lake.

Suldal
Suldal is a municipality in the northeast corner of Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Ryfylke. Since 1965, the administrative centre of Suldal is the village of Sand i Ryfylke (prior to that it was the village of Suldalsosen). Other villages in Suldal include Erfjord, Jelsa, Marvik, Nesflaten, Vanvik, and Suldalsosen.

The 1,737-square-kilometre (671 sq mi) municipality is the 46th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Suldal is the 210th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,815. The municipality's population density is 2.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.2/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Barton–McCombie deoxygenation
The Barton–McCombie deoxygenation is an organic reaction in which a hydroxy functional group in an organic compound is replaced by a hydrogen to give an alkyl group. It is named after British chemists Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton and Stuart W. McCombie.

This deoxygenation reaction is a radical substitution. In the related Barton decarboxylation the reactant is a carboxylic acid.

Radical substitution
In organic chemistry, a radical-substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate.

The reaction always involves at least two steps, and possibly a third.

In the first step called initiation (2,3), a free radical is created by homolysis. Homolysis can be brought about by heat or ultraviolet light, but also by radical initiators such as organic peroxides or azo compounds. UV Light is used to create two free radicals from one diatomic species. The final step is called termination (6,7), in which the radical recombines with another radical species. If the reaction is not terminated, but instead the radical group(s) go on to react further, the steps where new radicals are formed and then react are collectively known as propagation (4,5). This is because a new radical is created, able to participate in secondary reactions.
Reki Kawahara
Reki Kawahara (川原 礫, Kawahara Reki; born August 18, 1974) is a Japanese novelist. He is best known as the creator of Sword Art Online and Accel World, both of which have been adapted into anime series.

Sword Art Online Progressive: Scherzo of Deep Night
Sword Art Online: Progressive – Scherzo of Deep Night (Japanese: 劇場版 ソードアート・オンライン -プログレッシブ- 冥き夕闇のスケルツォ, Hepburn: Gekijōban Sōdo Āto Onrain Puroguresshibu Kuraki Yūyami no Sukerutso) is a 2022 Japanese animated science fiction action adventure film based on the Sword Art Online: Progressive light novels written by Reki Kawahara and illustrated by abec, and a sequel to the 2021 film Sword Art Online: Progressive – Aria of a Starless Night. The staff and cast from the first film reprised their roles, including production by A-1 Pictures and direction by Ayako Kōno, with character designs by Kento Toya and music by Yuki Kajiura. It was released on July 14, 2023.
Plasticine
Plasticine is a putty-like modelling material made from calcium salts, petroleum jelly and aliphatic acids. Though originally a brand name for the British product, it was later used generically in English as a product category for other formulations.

Plasticine is used for children's play and as a modelling medium for more formal or permanent structures.  Because of its non-drying property, it is commonly chosen for stop motion animation, including several Academy Award-winning films by Nick Park.

Play-Doh
Play-Doh, also known as Play-Dough, is a modeling compound for young children to make arts and crafts projects. The product was first manufactured in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, as a wallpaper cleaner in the 1930s. Play-Doh was then reworked and marketed to Cincinnati schools in the mid-1950s. Play-Doh was demonstrated at an educational convention in 1956 and prominent department stores opened retail accounts.

Advertisements promoting Play-Doh on influential children's television shows in 1957 furthered the product's sales. Since its launch on the toy market in the mid-1950s, Play-Doh has generated a considerable amount of ancillary merchandise such as the Fun Factory.