hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bill Gosper
Ralph William Gosper Jr. (born April 26, 1943) is an American mathematician and programmer.   Along with Richard Greenblatt, he may be considered to have founded the hacker community, and he holds a place of pride in the Lisp community. The Gosper curve and Gosper's algorithm are named after him.

Macsyma
Macsyma (/ˈmæksɪmə/; "Project MAC's SYmbolic MAnipulator") is one of the oldest general-purpose computer algebra systems  still in wide use. It was originally developed from 1968 to 1982 at MIT's Project MAC.

In 1982, Macsyma was licensed to Symbolics and became a commercial product. In 1992, Symbolics Macsyma was spun off to Macsyma, Inc., which continued to develop Macsyma until 1999. That version is still available for Microsoft's Windows XP operating system.

The 1982 version of MIT Macsyma remained available to academics and US government agencies, and it is distributed by the US Department of Energy (DOE). That version, DOE Macsyma, was maintained by Bill Schelter. Under the name of Maxima, it was released under the GPL in 1999, and remains under active maintenance.
George Zambellas
Admiral Sir George Michael Zambellas, GCB, DSC, ADC, DL, FRAeS (born 4 April 1958) is a British retired Royal Navy officer. He served as First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff from April 2013 before handing over duties to Admiral Sir Philip Jones in April 2016.

In his early career Zambellas served as a helicopter pilot with 814 Naval Air Squadron, 829 Naval Air Squadron and then 815 Naval Air Squadron. As Captain of HMS Chatham he was deployed as part of Operation Palliser off Sierra Leone, for which he received the Distinguished Service Cross in 2001. He went on to be Fleet Commander and Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff in early 2012. In June 2024, he was appointed to the ancient honorary office of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.

Worshipful Company of Shipwrights
The Worshipful Company of Shipwrights is one of the ancient livery companies of the City of London.

Although the Shipwrights' Company is no longer a shipbuilding trade association representing solely London-based industry, through its membership it retains strong links with global trade, and maritime and shipping professions.

The Company ranks fifty-ninth in the City livery order of precedence and is based at Ironmongers' Hall, where it cohabits with the Ironmongers' Company.

Its motto is "Within The Ark Safe For Ever".
Joseph Parker
Joseph Dennis Parker, OM (born 9 January 1992) is a New Zealand professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Organization (WBO) heavyweight title from 2016 to 2018. At regional level, he has held multiple heavyweight championships, including the WBO Oriental, Africa, and Oceania titles; as well as the PABA, OPBF, and New Zealand titles. As an amateur, he represented New Zealand at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in the super-heavyweight division, and narrowly missed qualification for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Parker turned professional in July 2012 with Duco Events in Auckland, under the tutelage of Sir Bob Jones. After defeating Andy Ruiz for the vacant WBO title, Parker became the first heavyweight boxer from either New Zealand or the Pacific Islands to win a major world championship.

Hughie Fury
Hughie Lewis Fury (born 18 September 1994) is a British professional boxer. He challenged once for the World Boxing Organization (WBO) heavyweight title in 2017, and at regional level held the British heavyweight title in 2018. As an amateur he represented England at the 2012 Youth World Championships, winning a gold medal in the super-heavyweight division and becoming the first British boxer to do so.
Keratin-associated protein
Keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs, KAPs) and keratins are the major components of hair and nails. The content of KRTAPs in hair varies considerably between species, ranging from less than 3% in human hair to 30–40% in echidna quill. Both keratin and KRTAPs are extensively cross-linked in hair through disulfide bonds via numerous cysteine residues in keratins. Given the economic importance of wool, the KRTAP family has been studied intensively in sheep.

Chromosome 17
Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 17 spans more than 84 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 2.5 and 3% of the total DNA in cells.

Chromosome 17 contains the Homeobox B gene cluster.
East Leake railway station
East Leake railway station is a former railway station serving East Leake, Nottinghamshire and, along with Woodford Halse is one of only two surviving Great Central Railway stations accessed from an underbridge rather than an overbridge. The station opened on 15 March 1899 and closed on 5 May 1969. The Great Central Railway (Nottingham) passes through but the station has not reopened mainly due to lack of car parking, and with the station entrance being directly onto the road under the bridge, safety concerns were also a factor. A small goods siding next to the station was redeveloped for housing in the 1990s. The station buildings have been demolished, with the rubble used to fill in the area from the road entrance to the platform. The island platform remains in situ and could still be used if required. Rushcliffe Halt is nearby.

East Leake
East Leake (/liːk/) is a large village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe district of Nottinghamshire, England, although its closest town and postal address is Loughborough in Leicestershire. Census data from 2021 shows that the village now has a population of 8,553. The village has always straddled the Sheepwash Brook. Kingston Brook also runs through the village. Near the centre of the village is the historic St. Mary's Church, built in the 11th century, which Sheepwash Brook flows past, and an old ford, which provided access to the pinfold. The church has six bells.

The Treaty of Leake was signed in 1318 by King Edward II and his baronial opponents.

British Gypsum, a plasterboard manufacturer, has its headquarters in the village. The mining of gypsum locally began from medieval times but modern operations began in 1914, with manufacturing of plasterboard starting in 1917.
Parc La Grange
The Parc La Grange is an urban park in the city of Geneva, Switzerland.

The city park is located south of Lake Geneva at the Quai Gustave-Ador in Geneva. It has a surface of 200,000 m2 and hosts very old and tall trees, Geneva's biggest rose garden, orangeries, an alpine garden and an 18th-century villa. Also two theaters, a playground as well as a paddling pool for the children are found there.

2021 Russia–United States summit
The 2021 Russia–United States Summit (also known as Geneva 2021 or the Biden–Putin Summit) was a summit meeting between United States president Joe Biden and Russian president Vladimir Putin on 16 June 2021, in Geneva, Switzerland.
The Craftsman (newspaper)
The Craftsman, also known as The Country Journal or, The Craftsman or The Craftsman: Being a Critique on the Times, was a British newspaper which operated from 1726 to 1752.  Established by Lord Bolingbroke and William Pulteney, it was edited by Nicholas Amhurst under the pseudonym "Caleb D'Anvers". It is known for publishing letters and essays from Lord Bolingbroke. Lord Bolingbroke and the Patriot Whigs used The Craftsman to oppose the administration of Robert Walpole and his 'Court Whig' faction. The paper's writers are claimed to have included early satirists, such as Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope, although this is disputed.

In April 1740 the opposition essay-paper The Champion complained that the Craftsman had lifted its advertisement and ten news paragraphs verbatim.

Patriot Whigs
The Patriot Whigs,  later the Patriot Party, were a group within the Whig Party in Great Britain from 1725 to 1803. The group was formed in opposition to the government of Robert Walpole in the House of Commons in 1725, when William Pulteney (later 1st Earl of Bath) and seventeen other Whigs joined with the Tory Party in attacks against the ministry. By the mid-1730s, there were over one hundred opposition Whigs in the Commons, many of whom embraced the Patriot label. For many years, they provided a more effective opposition to the Walpole administration than the Tories were.
Frank O'Driscoll Hunter
Frank O'Driscoll Hunter (December 8, 1894 – June 25, 1982) was a World War I flying ace, being credited by the United States Army Air Service with downing nine enemy aircraft. Hunter became an advocate of fighter aircraft strategy and tactics. In World War II he served as commanding general of the VIII Fighter Command and, later, the First Air Force.

Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. The medal was established on July 2, 1926, and is awarded to those who, after April 6, 1917, have distinguished themselves by single acts of heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight. Both heroism and extraordinary achievement are entirely distinctive, involving operations that are not routine. The medal may be awarded to friendly foreign military members in ranks equivalent to the U.S. paygrade of O-6 and below in combat or support operations.
Gurmukhi (Unicode block)
Gurmukhi is a Unicode block containing characters for the Punjabi language, in the Gurmukhi script. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0A02..U+0A4C were a direct copy of the Gurmukhi characters A2-EC from the 1988 ISCII standard. The Devanagari, Bengali, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam blocks were similarly all based on their ISCII encodings.

Kannada (Unicode block)
Kannada is a Unicode block containing characters for the Kannada, Sanskrit, Konkani, Sankethi, Havyaka, Tulu and Kodava languages. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0C82..U+0CCD were a direct copy of the Kannada characters A2-ED from the 1988 ISCII standard. The Devanagari, Bengali, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam blocks were similarly all based on their ISCII encodings.
Pipe and Lyde
Pipe and Lyde is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England.  The parish includes the village  of Pipe and Lyde and the hamlets of Lower Lyde and Upper Lyde. The population of the civil parish as taken at the 2011 census was 344. Parts of the church of St Peter date from the 13th century including the south doorway which includes Transitional moulding. James Honeyman-Scott (1956-1982), the Pretenders guitarist, is buried in the churchyard.

Lower Lyde
Lower Lyde is a small village in Herefordshire, around 3 miles (5 km) north of Hereford city centre. It forms part of the Pipe and Lyde civil parish.  The village can be easily accessed from the A49 road.

The main buildings are Lower Lyde Farm and Lower Lyde Court, a venue for weddings and performing arts events.

In the valley below the village are the River Lugg, the Welsh Marches railway line and the Wergins Stone, a prehistoric standing stone.
Marie Stuart Edwards
Marie Stuart Edwards was a suffragist and social reformer from Peru, Indiana. She served as president of the Woman's Franchise League of Indiana (1917–1919); publicity director of National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) during the Nineteenth Amendment's passage in 1920; and vice president of the National League of Women Voters (1921–1923).

Woman's Franchise League of Indiana
The Woman's Franchise League of Indiana was a suffrage group organized in 1911, as a merger of the Indianapolis Franchise Society and Legislative Council of Indiana Women. The organization was associated with the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NASWA) and was the prominent suffrage group of Indiana. The Woman's Franchise League of Indiana would expand to one thousand, two hundred and five memberships in thirteen districts.
Barmeen
55°07′34″N 6°04′16″W﻿ / ﻿55.126°N 6.071°W﻿ / 55.126; -6.071

Barmeen is a townland in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is located at the foot of Glendun, one of the nine Glens of Antrim, west of Cushendun and north of Knocknacarry. It is situated in the historic barony of Cary and the civil parish of Culfeightrin and covers 59 acres.

The name derives from the Irish: Barr min (smooth top). The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:

Knocknacarry
Knocknacarry (/ˌnɒknəˈkjɑːri/ NOK-nə-KYAR-ee; from Irish  Cnoc na Caraidh / Cnoc na Cora 'hill of the weir' – referring to a weir diverted off the River Dun which operated a watermill) is a hamlet and townland (of 155 acres) about 1 kilometre west of Cushendun and 17 kilometres south-east of Ballycastle in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Glenarm Lower and the civil parish of Layd. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 138 people. It is within the Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council area.

Knocknacarry lies within the Antrim Coast and Glens Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, designated in 1988.  St. Ciaran's Primary School, which also serves the village of Cushendun and the wider local area, is in Knocknacarry.

The river bed of the River Dun at Knocknacarry Bridge, north of Knocknacarry, is of scientific interest in the field of mineralogy and an example of Cushendun Granite.
Andhra Education Society Schools
The Andhra Education Society (or AES) is a group of schools in New Delhi, India. Its main branch is located at Deen Dayal Upadhyay Marg, near ITO Metro Station. Having six branches at various parts of Delhi, the school serves the need of education for more than 7500 students.

Durgabai Deshmukh
Durgabāi Deshmukh (née Gummididala, 15 July 1909 – 9 May 1981) was an Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, social worker and politician. She was a member of the Constituent Assembly of India and of the Planning Commission of India.

A public activist for women's emancipation, she founded the Andhra Mahila Sabha (Andhra Women's Conference) in 1937. She was also the founder chairperson of the Central Social Welfare Board. In 1953, she married C.D. Deshmukh, the first Indian governor of the Reserve Bank of India and Finance Minister in India's Central Cabinet from 1950 to 1956.
Banach–Alaoglu theorem
In functional analysis and related branches of mathematics, the Banach–Alaoglu theorem (also known as Alaoglu's theorem) states that the closed unit ball of the dual space of a normed vector space is compact in the weak* topology. 
A common proof identifies the unit ball with the weak-* topology as a closed subset of a product of compact sets with the product topology. 
As a consequence of Tychonoff's theorem, this product, and hence the unit ball within, is compact.

This theorem has applications in physics when one describes the set of states of an algebra of observables, namely that any state can be written as a convex linear combination of so-called pure states.

James's theorem
In mathematics, particularly functional analysis, James's theorem, named for Robert C. James, states that a Banach space  is reflexive if and only if every continuous linear functional's norm on  attains its supremum on the closed unit ball in

A stronger version of the theorem states that a weakly closed subset  of a Banach space  is weakly compact if and only if the dual norm each continuous linear functional on  attains a maximum on

The hypothesis of completeness in the theorem cannot be dropped.
Snow shovel
A snow shovel is a specialized shovel designed for snow removal. Snow shovels come in several different designs, each of which is designed to move snow in a different way. Removing snow with a snow shovel has health and injury risks, but can also have significant health benefits when the snow shovel is used correctly.

Snow removal
Snow removal or snow clearing is the job of removing snow after a snowfall to make travel easier and safer.  This is done both by individual households and by governments institutions, and commercial businesses.
U.S. Army Armor and Cavalry Collection
The United States Army Armor and Cavalry Collection is a combat vehicle collection owned by the Armor School located at Fort Benning, Georgia. It is one of the largest collections of armored fighting vehicles in the world.

In 2011 the U.S. Army Armor and Cavalry Collection relocated with the Armor School from Fort Knox, Kentucky to Fort Benning, Georgia. With the move a majority of the collection that was at the Patton Museum moved with the Armor and Cavalry Collection.

As of 2024 the museum was not open to the public. The museum began an open house series in 2018 when it had 36 vehicles. As of 2023 it had 190 pieces of armored fighting vehicles and anti-tank weapons.

General George Patton Museum of Leadership
The General George Patton Museum of Leadership is a publicly accessible museum on Fort Knox, Kentucky, dedicated to the memory and life lessons of General George S. Patton, Jr., and the continuing education of Junior Army leaders in the U.S. Army and in particular the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps. The museum is administered by U.S. Army Cadet Command, Fort Knox and U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command as part of the Center for Military History.
WBDT
WBDT (channel 26) is a television station licensed to Springfield, Ohio, United States, serving the Dayton area as a de facto owned-and-operated station of The CW. It is owned by Vaughan Media, which maintains a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Nexstar Media Group, owner of NBC affiliate WDTN (channel 2) and majority owner of The CW, for the provision of certain services. The two stations share studios on South Dixie Drive in Moraine, Ohio. Through a channel sharing agreement, WBDT, along with Richmond, Indiana–licensed Ion Television O&O WKOI-TV (channel 43), share WDTN's digital channel from WDTN's transmitter facility on Frytown Road in southwest Dayton.

WBDT serves as the default CW affiliate for the Lima market, which had been served by cable-only affiliate West Central Ohio CW until early 2010.

WKOI-TV
WKOI-TV (channel 43) is a television station licensed to Richmond, Indiana, United States, broadcasting the Ion Television network to the Dayton, Ohio, area. The station is owned and operated by the Ion Media subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company. Transmission facilities are provided by unrelated NBC affiliate WDTN (channel 2), which shares its digital channel with WKOI-TV through a channel sharing agreement, along with WDTN's sister station, WBDT (channel 26), a de facto O&O of The CW; the transmitter is located on Frytown Road in southwest Dayton. For regulatory purposes, WKOI's "main studio" facility is located at Scripps Center in downtown Cincinnati (along with many other Ion stations).
Salesianum School
Salesianum School is a Catholic independent school for boys located in Wilmington, Delaware. It is run independently within the Diocese of Wilmington and is operated by the Oblates of St. Francis de Sales.

The current enrollment is about 930 students, declining from a peak of about 1,100 in recent years, from Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Salesianum has established a close connection with Lycée Saint Michel, another Oblate high school, located in Annecy, France. Salesianum was named one of the Top 50 Catholic High Schools in America by the Catholic Honor Roll in 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010.

Diocese of Wilmington
The Diocese of Wilmington (Latin: Dioecesis Wilmingtoniensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in the eastern United States, comprising the entire state of Delaware and the Eastern Shore Region of Maryland. William Koenig is the bishop.
Ambridge–Aliquippa Bridge
The Ambridge–Aliquippa Bridge is a steel cantilever through truss bridge which crosses the Ohio River at Ambridge, Pennsylvania.

The Ambridge–Aliquippa Bridge’s cantilevered trusses are made from riveted steel, a design favored from the 1920s through the 1970s for crossings with 600 to 1,400 foot main spans.  In addition to the Ohio River and two railways, the bridge crosses two main highways making the full length 1,908 feet excluding the end spans.

Ambridge, Pennsylvania
Ambridge is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. Incorporated in 1905 as a company town by the American Bridge Company, Ambridge is located 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Pittsburgh along the Ohio River. The population was 6,972 at the 2020 census.
105th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 105th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the New York Army National Guard that saw combat in World War I and World War II. Originally, it was known as the 2nd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, but it was redesignated in 1916. The 105th fought as a part of the 27th Infantry Division during both World Wars, and was highly decorated for its actions during the Battle of Saipan, where its dogged defense against the largest Japanese Banzai charge of the war decimated its ranks.

William J. O'Brien (Medal of Honor)
William Joseph O'Brien (September 25, 1899 - July 7, 1944) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II during the Battle of Saipan.
Pontypridd Municipal Buildings
The Municipal Buildings (Welsh: Adeiladau Bwrdeistrefol Pontypridd) is a municipal building located on Gelliwastad Road, Pontypridd in Rhondda Cynon Taf in Wales. The structure, which is currently used as a register office, is a Grade II* listed building.

Pontypridd
Pontypridd (/ˌpɒntɪˈpriːð/ PON-tih-PREEDH, Welsh: [ˌpɔntəˈpriːð]), colloquially referred to as Ponty, is a town and a community in Rhondda Cynon Taf, South Wales, approximately 10 miles (16 km) north west of Cardiff city centre.
Osphronemus septemfasciatus
Osphronemus septemfasciatus is a species of giant gourami, a type of Southeast Asian freshwater fish from the family Osphronemidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo where it is found in the Malaysian state of Sarawak, in Brunei, and the Indonesian provinces of West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan. It is found in large slow-flowing rivers where it prefers the main channels, although juveniles also occur in large tributaries near the main river. Like its relatives, it is known to be an obligate air-breather. The largest recorded specimen of O. septemfasciatus, which possibly also is the largest giant gourami, was caught in Sarawak and it was 72.4 cm (28.5 in) in standard length, 87.2 cm (34.3 in) in total length and 20.5 kg (45 lb) in weight.

Osphronemus
Osphronemus is a genus of large gouramis, the only genus within the subfamily Osphroneminae.  These fish are known as the giant gouramis and are native to rivers, lakes, pools, swamps and floodplains in Southeast Asia, with O. exodon from the Mekong basin, O. laticlavius and O. septemfasciatus from Borneo, while O. goramy is relatively widespread. O. goramy has been introduced outside its native range in Asia, Africa and Australia.

All the species are highly prized as food fish, leading to farming of O. goramy and rearing of O. septemfasciatus. Osphronemus appear in the aquarium trade, but they are very long-lived, possibly reaching up to 40 years old, and require a very large tank with a strong filter.
Safawi Rasid
Muhammad Safawi bin Rasid (born 5 March 1997) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a winger or attacking midfielder for Malaysia Super League club Kuala Lumpur City, on loan from Johor Darul Ta'zim and the Malaysia national team.

2021 Malaysia Super League
The 2021 Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia 2021), was the 18th season of the Malaysia Super League, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The defending champions from the 2020 Malaysia Super League season, Johor Darul Ta'zim, have managed to defend their title, securing their 8th consecutive title (since 2014) on 28 August 2021 although having 2 more matches left. On the other hand, Kedah who became the runner-ups have qualified to the 2022 AFC Cup. Penang who got third was a standby team for the AFC Cup and would qualify if the winners of the 2021 Malaysia Cup went to the Johor or Kedah, but they failed to and Kuala Lumpur City who became the champions ended up taking the spot.