hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Squamish-Lillooet Regional District
The Squamish-Lillooet Regional District (SLRD) is a local government federation, consisting of four municipalities in British Columbia, Canada: Lillooet, Pemberton, Whistler and Squamish.  It stretches from Britannia Beach in the south to Pavilion in the north. Its administrative offices are in the Village of Pemberton, although the district municipalities of Squamish and Whistler are larger population centres. The district covers 16,353.68 km2 (6,314.19 sq mi) of land area.

The southern end of the regional district comprises the northern part of the traditional territory of the Squamish people, and the northern half constitutes the traditional homeland of the St'at'imc people.

McGillivray, British Columbia
McGillivray, formerly McGillivray Falls, is an unincorporated recreational community on the west shore of Anderson Lake, just east of midway between the towns of Pemberton and Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada, in that province's southwest Interior.
Shin, Syria
Shin (Arabic: شين Shîn) is a town in western Syria administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located west of Homs. Nearby localities include Rabah to the north, al-Mahfurah to the northeast, Tarin to the east, Suwayri to the southeast, Hadidah to the south, Mizyeneh and al-Huwash to the southwest and Muqlus to the northwest.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shin had a population of 13,020 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of the Shin nahiyah ("subdistrict") which consists of 22 localities with a collective population of 27,951 in 2004. The inhabitants of the town are predominantly Sunnis and Alawites. Although many had converted to the heterodox Alawite sect of Sulayman al-Murshid (known as Murshidians) during the French Mandate period (1920–46), the population readopted the orthodox Alawite faith since then.

Rabah, Syria
Rabah (Arabic: رباح) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located west of the city of Homs. Nearby localities include Muklous to the west, Hawash and Zweitina to the southwest, Shin to the southeast, al-Mahfurah to the east, al-Qabu, Syria to the northeast and Fahel to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rabah had a population of 2,341 in 2004. Its inhabitants are predominantly Greek Orthodox Christians.
Cleckheaton Town Hall
Cleckheaton Town Hall is a municipal building in Bradford Road, Cleckheaton, West Yorkshire, England. The town hall, which was the headquarters of Spenborough Urban District Council, is a Grade II listed building.

Cleckheaton
Cleckheaton is a town in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is situated south of Bradford, east of Brighouse, west of Batley and south-west of Leeds. It is at the centre of the Spen Valley and was the major town in the former borough of Spenborough.
Cleckheaton has a history as a mill town and forms part of the Heavy Woollen District.
Defining length
In the field of genetic algorithms, a schema (plural: schemata) is a template that represents a subset of potential solutions. These templates use fixed symbols (e.g., `0` or `1`) for specific positions and a wildcard or "don't care" symbol (often `#` or `*`) for others.

The defining length of a schema, denoted as L(H), measures the distance between the outermost fixed positions in the template. According to the Schema theorem, a schema with a shorter defining length is less likely to be disrupted by the genetic operator of crossover. As a result, short schemata are considered more robust and are more likely to be propagated to the next generation.

In genetic programming, where solutions are often represented as trees, the defining length is the number of links in the minimum tree fragment that includes all the non-wildcard symbols within a schema H.

Holland's schema theorem
Holland's schema theorem, also called the fundamental theorem of genetic algorithms, is an inequality that results from coarse-graining an equation for evolutionary dynamics.  The Schema Theorem says that short, low-order schemata with above-average fitness increase exponentially in frequency in successive generations. The theorem was proposed by John Holland in the 1970s. It was initially widely taken to be the foundation for explanations of the power of genetic algorithms. However, this interpretation of its implications has been criticized in several publications reviewed in, where the Schema Theorem is shown to be a special case of the Price equation with the schema indicator function as the macroscopic measurement.

A schema is a template that identifies a subset of strings with similarities at certain string positions. Schemata are a special case of cylinder sets, and hence form a topological space.
On the Origin of the World
On the Origin of the World is a Gnostic work dealing with creation and the end time. It was found among the texts in the Nag Hammadi library, in Codex II and Codex XIII, immediately following the Reality of the Rulers. There are many parallels between the two texts. The work is untitled; modern scholars call it “On the Origin of the World” based on its contents. It may have been written in Alexandria near the end of the third century, based on its combination of Jewish, Manichaean, Christian, Greek, and Egyptian ideas. The unknown author's audience appears to be outsiders who are unfamiliar with the Gnostic view of how the world came into being. The contents provide an alternate interpretation of Genesis, in which the dark ruler Yaldabaoth created heaven and earth, and a wise instructor opened the minds of Adam and Eve to the truth when they ate from the Tree of Knowledge.

Nag Hammadi Codex II
Nag Hammadi Codex II (designated by siglum CG II) is a papyrus codex with a collection of early Christian Gnostic texts in Coptic (Sahidic dialect). The manuscript has survived in nearly perfect condition. The codex is dated to the 4th century. It is the only complete manuscript from antiquity with the text of the Gospel of Thomas.
Steven Engel
Steven Andrew Engel (born June 29, 1974) is an American lawyer. He served as the United States assistant attorney general for the Office of Legal Counsel in the first Trump administration. Engel, who previously worked in the George W. Bush administration as deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of Legal Counsel, was nominated by President Donald Trump on January 31, 2017, and confirmed on November 7, 2017.

Dechert
Dechert LLP (/ˈdɛkərt/; DECK-ərt) is a multinational American law firm of more than 900 lawyers with practices in corporate and securities, complex litigation, finance and real estate, financial services, asset management, and private equity. In 2021, the firm reached a revenue of $1.3 billion. On Law.com's 2022 Global 200 survey, Dechert ranked as the 41st highest-grossing law firm in the world.
State University of Gorontalo
State University of Gorontalo (UNG) is a state university in Gorontalo, Indonesia, that was established on 1 September 1963. At first the university was a junior college and part of Guidance and Counseling UNSULUTENG (Sulawesi Tengah). In 1964 its status changed to Guidance and Counseling Branch IKIP Yogyakarta at Manado. In 1965 it joined the Teachers Training College branch in Manado Gorontalo.

In 1982 the institution became one of the faculties of the Sam Ratulangi University Manado with the name of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (Guidance and Counseling) UNSRAT Manado, Gorontalo. The institute was officially established in 1993 under the name College of Teacher Training and Education (STKIP) Gorontalo.

In 2001 the institution was upgraded to State Teachers Training College Gorontalo with five faculties and 25 study programs. On June 23, 2004, President Megawati inaugurated and upgraded the status to State University of Gorontalo.

Sam Ratulangi University
Sam Ratulangi University (Indonesian: Universitas Sam Ratulangi, abbreviated as UNSRAT) is a state university in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.  It was established on September 14, 1965. The current rector is Oktovian Berty Alexander Sompie.
Suchań
Suchań [ˈsuxaɲ] (German: Zachan) is a town in Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of Gmina Suchań. Its recorded population is 1,490 (2018).

Suchań is positioned on the Reczek river, a tributary of the Ina which in turn feeds into the River Oder.

The town's main historic landmarks are the Gothic church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help and the old watermill.

Gmina Suchań
Gmina Suchań is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Suchań, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Stargard and 52 km (32 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 132.80 square kilometres (51.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,324 (out of which the population of Suchań amounts to 1,446, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,878).
Gatteo
Gatteo (Romagnol: Gatì) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Forlì. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,252 and an area of 14.1 square kilometres (5.4 sq mi).

Gatteo borders the following municipalities: Cesenatico, Gambettola, Longiano, Savignano sul Rubicone.

Longiano
Longiano (Romagnol: Lunzèn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Forlì. 
Longiano borders the following municipalities: Borghi, Cesena, Gambettola, Gatteo, Montiano, Roncofreddo, Santarcangelo di Romagna, Savignano sul Rubicone.
John Rusk (bowls)
John Rusk (c.1865 – 28 January 1938) was a prominent doctor and lawn bowls international from Northern Ireland who competed at the British Empire Games (now the Commonwealth Games). He was President of the Irish Bowling Association in 1912.

Irish National Bowls Championships
The Irish National Bowls Championships combines Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Traditionally, the game was played mainly in Northern Ireland, but the Kenilworth Bowling Club of Dublin joined the Irish Bowls Association in 1906, which prompted the merger into one team. With the exception of the Commonwealth Games, players continue to represent a combined Ireland team at all major international championships.
Dyarla
Dyarla (Russian: Дярла, Yakut: Дьаарыла, Caarıla) is a rural locality (a selo), and one of five settlements in Sylansky Rural Okrug of Churapchinsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in addition to Usun-Kyuyol, the administrative center of the Rural Okrug, Berya, Ogusur and Ulakhan-Kyuyol. It is located 19 kilometers (12 mi) from Churapcha, the administrative center of the district and 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) from Usun-Kyuyol. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 8; down from 9 recorded in the 2002 Census. There is a post office in Dyarla, its postal code is 678674.

Ulakhan-Kyuyol, Churapchinsky District, Sakha Republic
Ulakhan-Kyuyol (Russian: Улахан-Кюёль, Yakut: Улахан Күөл, Ulaxan Küöl) is a rural locality (a selo), and one of five settlements in Sylansky Rural Okrug of Churapchinsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in addition to Usun-Kyuyol, the administrative center of the Rural Okrug, Berya, Dyarla and Ogusur. It is located 58 kilometers (36 mi) from Churapcha, the administrative center of the district and 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from Usun-Kyuyol. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 135; down from 136 recorded in the 2002 Census.
Meiringen–Innertkirchen railway line
The Meiringen–Innertkirchen railway line is a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge railway line in the Swiss canton of Bern. It covers a distance of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) between Innertkirchen and Meiringen, where it connects with the Brünig railway line of the Zentralbahn company, which links Interlaken and Lucerne.

The Kraftwerke Oberhasli (KWO) electricity supply company built the line in 1926 to support the development of the local hydroelectricity industry. It began carrying passengers in 1946 and the KWO spun off a new company, the Meiringen-Innertkirchen-Bahn (MIB), to operate it. KWO sold the company to the Zentralbahn at the end of 2020. The line serves a local transport role, as well as transporting tourists to the scenic Aare Gorge.

Meiringen
Meiringen (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪrɪŋən]) is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides the village of Meiringen, the municipality includes the settlements of Balm, Brünigen, Eisenbolgen, Hausen, Prasti, Sand, Stein, Unterbach, Unterheidon, Wylerli and Zaun. The municipal coat of arms shows a black eagle in a yellow field. ("Or an Eagle displayed Sable crowned, beaked, langued and membered of the first.")
Formerly the coat of arms of the entire Oberhasli Talschaft, this design continues the imperial coat of arms.

Meiringen is famous for the nearby Reichenbach Falls, a waterfall that was the setting for the final showdown between Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional detective Sherlock Holmes and his nemesis Professor Moriarty. The village is also known for its claim to have been the place where meringue was first created.
Nakhichevan Khanate
The Nakhichevan Khanate (Persian: خانات نخجوان, romanized: Khānāt-e Nakhjavān) was a khanate under Iranian suzerainty, which controlled the city of Nakhichevan and its surroundings from 1747 to 1828. It was established by Heydar Qoli Khan after death of Nader Shah and was abolished following Treaty of Turkmenchay.

The territory of the khanate corresponded to most of the present-day Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Vayots Dzor Province of present-day Armenia.

Nakhchivan (city)
Nakhchivan (Azerbaijani: Naxçıvan Azerbaijani pronunciation: [nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn]; Armenian: Նախիջևան, romanized: Nakhijevan) is the capital and largest city of the eponymous Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, a true exclave of Azerbaijan, located 450 km (280 mi) west of Baku. The municipality of Nakhchivan consists of the city of Nakhchivan, the settlement of Əliabad and the villages of Başbaşı, Bulqan, Haciniyyət, Qaraçuq, Qaraxanbəyli, Tumbul, Qarağalıq, and Daşduz. It is spread over the foothills of Zangezur Mountains, on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of 873 m (2,864 ft) above sea level.
Euoplocyon
Euoplocyon is an extinct genus of  the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived during the Early to Middle Miocene, 20.6—13.6 Mya, existing for about 7 million years. A member of the Borophagini tribe, it was an intermediate-sized canid, with specialisations towards a heavily meat-based diet.

Borophaginae
The extinct Borophaginae form one of three subfamilies found within the canid family. The other two canid subfamilies are the extinct Hesperocyoninae and extant Caninae. Borophaginae, called "bone-crushing dogs", were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 34—2.5 million years ago, existing for about 31.5 million years.
Rylan Clark
Ross Richard Clark (born 25 October 1988), known professionally as Rylan Clark or simply Rylan, is an English broadcaster and television personality. He came to prominence as a contestant on the ninth series of the talent show The X Factor in 2012, in which he finished in fifth place. The following year, he appeared on the eleventh series of the reality show Celebrity Big Brother, which he won.

Clark went on to present various television shows, including Big Brother's Bit on the Side (2013–2018), This Morning (2013–2019, 2022–present), The Xtra Factor (2016), Up Late with Rylan (2016), Supermarket Sweep (2019–2020), Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two (2019–2022), Ready Steady Cook (2020–2021) and You Are What You Wear (2020). Since 2018, he has served as a semi-final co-commentator of the Eurovision Song Contest and has presented various shows on BBC Radio 2.

Zoe Ball
Zoe Louise Ball (born 23 November 1970) is a British broadcaster and presenter. She was the first female host of the Radio 1 and Radio 2 breakfast shows for the BBC, and in 2024 was confirmed as the second-highest paid BBC presenter after Gary Lineker.

In 2018, Ball was announced as the new host of The Radio 2 Breakfast Show and took over from Chris Evans in January 2019, before stepping down from the programme in December 2024.

Ball presented the children's show Live & Kicking, alongside Jamie Theakston, from 1996 to 1999. In 2005, she was a contestant in the third series of Strictly Come Dancing. Following this, in 2011 she replaced Claudia Winkleman as host of the BBC Two spin-off show Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two until her departure in 2021. Ball also hosted the Strictly Come Dancing Live Tour in 2011 and 2015.
Jiangkou County
Jiangkou County (Chinese: 江口县; pinyin: Jiāngkǒu Xiàn) is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Tongren, in the northeast of Guizhou Province, China. The county government is located in Shuangjiang.

Tongren
Tongren (simplified Chinese: 铜仁; traditional Chinese: 銅仁; pinyin: Tóngrén) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, located within a tobacco planting and crop agricultural area. Tongren was known as Tongren Prefecture (铜仁地区) until November 2011, when it was converted into a prefecture-level city. By the end of 2024 and the beginning of 2025, Tongren City will have a permanent population of 3.1615 million and a registered population of 4.494 million.

Tongren City borders Hunan to the east and Chongqing to the north, and is known as the "Gateway to Eastern Guizhou". The city covers an area of 18,000 square kilometers, and has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 8 counties, 8 provincial economic development zones, 2 provincial high-tech industrial development zones, and 1 provincial health and medicine industry demonstration zone.
International volunteering
International volunteering is when volunteers contribute their time to work for organisations or causes outside their home countries. International volunteering has a long association with international development or environment, with the aim of bringing benefits to host communities. It can include a range of services, from healthcare advancement to economic development to governance.

Trends show that international volunteering has become increasingly popular across many countries over the past few decades. International volunteering is a broad term which is used to capture multi-year, skilled placements as well as short term roles. The term voluntourism has become common to describe certain types of volunteering organised by governments, charities and travel agents.

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
Fairview, California
Fairview is a census-designated place (CDP) in unincorporated Alameda County, California, United States, in the East Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. It is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Census.

A mix of suburban bedroom community and low-density, multi-acre rural properties backed up against vast open space, Fairview borders the census-designated place of Castro Valley to the north and east, and the city of Hayward to the west. Fairview's population was 11,341 at the 2020 census.

Eden Township, Alameda County, California
Eden Township is a historical township of Alameda County, California in the San Francisco Bay Area region, which includes the present-day cities of Hayward and San Leandro, as well as the unincorporated census-designated areas of Ashland, Castro Valley, Cherryland, Fairview, and San Lorenzo. It was created from a group of Mexican land grants that were added to Alameda County when the county was established in 1853. Today there are several public and private agencies serving the region.
Kepez, Talas
Kepez is a neighborhood in the district of Talas, Kayseri Province of Turkey. It is 23 kilometers by highway southeast from the center of Talas.

The neighborhood's land area is 33.828 square kilometers. Its population in 2023 was 2,528.

Talas, Turkey
Talas is a municipality and district of Kayseri Province, Turkey. Its area is 444 km2, and its population is 169,214 (2022). It is located about 7 km from the city of Kayseri and has evolved from an independent town to a satellite city of Kayseri. Talas is connected to Kayseri by road and by the Kayseray mass transit system.
Mannheim–Frankfurt railway
Mannheim–Frankfurt railway is a German standard gauge, electrified railway line and runs in southern Hesse and northern Baden-Württemberg between Frankfurt and Mannheim. It is also called the Riedbahn (Ried Railway). The line runs through an area called the Hessische Ried, hence the name. The term Riedbahn was originally used for the Darmstadt–Worms railway and the two lines share the central section between Groß-Gerau and Biblis.

The Mannheim–Frankfurt railway is used by three Intercity-Express routes, connecting South Germany with Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne and Dortmund and regional services of the Rhine-Main transport union and Rhine-Neckar transport union. The line is one of the busiest lines in Germany with 650 trains per day, although most freight uses the Main-Neckar Railway, which is further east and gives better access to the Mannheim marshalling yard.

Biblis station
Biblis station is the only station of the town of Biblis in the German state of Hesse. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. The station is located on the Mannheim–Frankfurt railway, where the Worms–Biblis railway branches off to Worms. Both lines developed from the Riedbahn (Ried Railway).
Eurasian goshawk
The Eurasian goshawk (/ˈɡɒsˌhɔːk/; Astur gentilis) is a species of medium-large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, a family which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers. It was formerly placed in the genus Accipiter. It is a widespread species that inhabits many of the temperate parts of Eurasia.  Except in a small portion of southern Asia, it is the only species of "goshawk" in its range and it is thus often referred to, both officially and unofficially, as simply goshawk. It is mainly resident, but birds from colder regions migrate south for the winter. As of 2023, goshawks found in North America are no longer considered to be conspecific, but are now designated as the American goshawk (Astur atricapillus).

Henst's goshawk
Henst's goshawk (Astur henstii) is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It was formerly placed in the genus Accipiter. It is a large, diurnal bird endemic to the island of Madagascar. It is an obligate forest species that occurs at very low densities on the island and is rarely seen. It can only occupy the primary and secondary forests found within the island. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss within Madagascar.