hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CIMOSA
CIMOSA, standing for "Computer Integrated Manufacturing Open System Architecture", is an enterprise modeling framework, which aims to support the enterprise integration of machines, computers and people. The framework is based on the system life cycle concept, and offers a modelling language, methodology and supporting technology to support these goals.

It was developed in the 1990s by the AMICE Consortium, in an EU project. A non-profit organization CIMOSA Association was later established to keep ownership of the CIMOSA specification, to promote it and to support its further evolution.

Computer-integrated manufacturing
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process. This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each part. Manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone by the integration of computers. Typically CIM relies on closed-loop control processes based on real-time input from sensors. It is also known as flexible design and manufacturing.
Larantuka
Larantuka (Dutch: Larantoeka, Portuguese: Larantuca) is a kecamatan (district) and the seat of East Flores Regency, on the eastern end of Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Like much of the region, Larantuka has a strong  colonial Portuguese influence. The town (including the two rural villages within the administrative district) covers a land area of 75.91 km2, and had 37,348 inhabitants at the 2010 census and 40,828 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 41,664 - comprising 20,720 males and 20,944 females. This overwhelmingly (95.4%) Roman Catholic area enjoys some international renown for its Holy Week celebrations.

East Flores Regency
East Flores Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Flores Timur) is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958, the regency has its seat (capital) in Larantuka on Flores Island. It covers a land area of 1,812.65 km2, and it had a population of 232,605 as of the 2010 census and 276,896 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 229,523 (comprising 143,923 males and 148,600 females). The regency encompasses the eastern tip of the island of Flores, together with all of the adjacent islands of Adonara and Solor to the east of Flores (and both part of the Solor Archipelago), with some much smaller offshore islands. On 4 October 1999, the island of Lembata (formerly called Lomblen) at the eastern end of the Solor Archipelago was separated from the East Flores Regency to create its own Regency.
Billy Wright (footballer, born 1924)
William Ambrose Wright CBE (6 February 1924 – 3 September 1994) was an English footballer who played as a centre-back. He spent his entire club career at Wolverhampton Wanderers. The first footballer in the world to earn 100 international caps, Wright also held the record for longest unbroken run in competitive international football, with 70 consecutive appearances, although that was surpassed by Andoni Zubizarreta's 86 consecutive appearances for Spain (1985–94). He also made a total of 105 appearances for England, captaining them a record 90 times, including during their campaigns at the 1950, 1954 and 1958 World Cup.

1949 FA Cup final
The 1949 FA Cup final was the 68th final of the FA Cup. It took place on 30 April 1949 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Leicester City. Wolves had finished sixth in the First Division that season and had several England internationals among their ranks, while Leicester had narrowly avoided relegation from the Second Division and were making their first Wembley appearance.

Wolves won the match 3–1, thus winning the FA Cup for the third time. Jesse Pye (2) and Sammy Smyth scored Wolves' goals, with Mal Griffiths replying for Leicester. Captain Billy Wright was presented with the cup by Princess Elizabeth.
Cerro de la Virgen, Argentina and Chile
The Cerro de la Virgen is a mountain on the border between Argentina and Chile, located in Chubut Province (Argentina) and the Palena Commune of the Los Lagos Region (Chile). It was named by Argentine engineer Gunnar Lange in 1902 on his map used in the 1902 arbitral award. It is the source of the El Salto River. Until 1966, Chile claimed the entire mountain, while Argentina considered it a boundary feature during the Alto Palena–Encuentro River dispute. Lange mistakenly identified the El Salto River as the Encuentro River, placing the origin of the latter at Cerro de la Virgen. However, the Encuentro River actually originates from the Picacho de la Virgen, which was named after the homonymous hill. The 1966 arbitral award established it as a boundary peak.

It reaches an elevation of 1,833 meters above sea level, with a topographic prominence of approximately 135 meters above the surrounding terrain. The base of the mountain covers an area of roughly 1.2 km.

1902 Arbitral award of the Andes between Argentina and Chile
The 1902 Arbitral award of the Andes between Argentina and Chile (Spanish: Laudo limítrofe entre Argentina y Chile de 1902) was a British arbitration in 1902 that established the present-day boundaries between Argentina and Chile. In northern and central Patagonia, the borders were established between the latitudes of 40° and 52° S as an interpretation of the Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina.

As result of the arbitration, some Patagonian lakes, such as O'Higgins/San Martín Lake, became divided by a national boundary. Additionally the preferences of settled colonists in a cultivated part of the area in dispute had been canvassed. The boundary proposed in the arbitration was a compromise between the boundary preferences of the two disputing governments, which strictly followed neither the alignment of highest peaks nor the fluvial watershed, and was published in the name of King Edward VII.
Wolter
Wolter is a given name and surname of Low German and Low Franconian origin. It is equivalent to the English Walter, High German Walther, Dutch Wouter and French Gauthier. People with the name Wolter include:

Wouter
Wouter is a Dutch masculine given name popular in the Netherlands and Belgium. It is the Dutch equivalent of the English name Walter and French name Gauthier, both of Germanic origin, meaning "ruler of the army", "ruler of the forest" or "bright army". Wouter is sometimes shortened to Wout. The patronymic surname of Wouter is Wouters.
Boilermaker (beer cocktail)
A boilermaker is either of two types of beer cocktail. In American terminology, the drink consists of a glass of beer mixed with a shot of whiskey. In England, the term boilermaker traditionally refers to a half pint of draught mild ale mixed with a half pint of bottled brown ale.

Beer cocktail
A beer cocktail is a cocktail that is made by mixing beer with other ingredients (such as a distilled beverage) or another style of beer. 
In this type of cocktail, the primary ingredient is usually beer.
Amesbury Priory
Amesbury Priory was a Benedictine monastery at Amesbury in Wiltshire, England, belonging to the Order of Fontevraud. It was founded in 1177 to replace the earlier Amesbury Abbey, a Saxon foundation established about the year 979. The Anglo-Norman Amesbury Priory was disbanded at the Dissolution of the monasteries and ceased to exist as a monastic house in 1539.

While the earlier Amesbury Abbey had been exclusively a nunnery or house of women, its successor, Amesbury Priory, following the particular structures of its parent Order of Fontevraud, was both a convent of nuns and a corresponding monastery of men. Both were governed locally by a prioress and ultimately by the Abbess of Fontevraud, in Anjou, part of the territories in what is now France that were then ruled by the English royal house.

Nothing remains of the priory above ground, its site having been used for a mansion which re-uses the name Amesbury Abbey.

Amesbury Abbey (house)
Amesbury Abbey is a Grade I listed mansion in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England, built in the 1830s for Sir Edmund Antrobus to designs of Thomas Hopper. The house, which stands in Grade II* listed parkland, is now used as a care home. It takes its name from Amesbury Abbey, founded in about 979 on or near the same site.
Cintāmaṇicakra
Cintāmaṇicakra (Sanskrit: चिन्तामणिचक्र; Chinese (Traditional): 如意輪觀音; Simplified: 如意轮观音; pinyin: Rúyìlún Guānyīn; Japanese: 如意輪観音, Nyoirin Kannon), also known as Cakravarticintāmaṇi (Sanskrit: चक्रवर्तिचिन्तामणि), is a bodhisattva and a manifestation of Avalokiteśvara (known in Chinese as Guanyin). He is counted as one of six different forms of the bodhisattva that represent salvation afforded to beings among the six realms of saṃsāra. Among these incarnations, Cintāmaṇicakra is believed to save those in the deva realm.

Cintāmaṇicakra is sometimes also referred to as Avalokiteśvara as Mahābrahmā the Profound (大梵深遠觀音; Ch. Dàfàn Shēnyuǎn Guānyīn; Jp. Daibon Jin'on Kannon).

Ten Small Mantras
The Ten Small Mantras (Chinese: 十小咒; pinyin: Shíxiǎozhòu, Sanskrit: Daśa Cula Mantra), or the Ten Mantras (Chinese: 十咒, pinyin: Shízhòu, rōmaji: Jusshu, Vietnamese: Thập Chú), is a subgrouping of esoteric Buddhist mantras or dharanis in Chinese Buddhism, Japanese Ōbaku Zen Buddhism as well as Vietnamese Buddhism.
Trojden I, Duke of Masovia
Trojden I (1284/86 – 13 March 1341) was a Polish prince, Duke of Czersk from 1310, ruler over Warsaw and Liw from 1313, and regent of Płock in the years 1336–1340. He was a member of the House of Piast.

Trojden was the second son of Bolesław II of Płock and his first wife Gaudemantė (Sophia), the daughter of Grand Duke Traidenis of Lithuania. He was named after his maternal grandfather.

Bolesław II of Masovia
Bolesław II of Masovia or Bolesław II of Płock (pl: Bolesław II mazowiecki (płocki); ca. 1253/58 – 20 April 1313), was a Polish prince, member of the House of Piast, Duke of Masovia during 1262-1275 jointly with his brother, after 1275 sole ruler over Płock, after 1294 ruler over all Masovia and Duke of Kraków and Sandomierz during 1288-1289. In 1310 he gave to his sons the districts of Warsaw and Czersk. Also High duke of Poland twice (1288, 1289).
Jennifer L. Ross
Jennifer L. Ross is an American physicist who is Professor and Chair of the Department of Physics at Syracuse University. Her research considers active biological condensed matter physics. She was elected fellow of the American Physical Society in 2018 and American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2022.

Erika Holzbaur
Erika L F. Holzbaur (born 1960) is an American biologist who is the William Maul Measey Professor of Physiology at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. Her research considers the dynamics of organelle motility along cytoskeleton of cells. She is particularly interested in the molecular mechanisms that underpin neurodegenerative diseases.
Saccharina latissima
Saccharina latissima is a brown alga (class Phaeophyceae), of the family Laminariaceae. It is known by the common names sugar kelp, sea belt, and Devil's apron, and is one of the species known to Japanese cuisine as kombu. It is found in the north Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean and north Pacific Ocean.

Kombu
Kombu or Konbu (from Japanese: 昆布, romanized: konbu or kombu) is edible kelp mostly from the family Laminariaceae and is widely eaten in East Asia. It may also be referred to as dasima (Korean: 다시마) or haidai (simplified Chinese: 海带; traditional Chinese: 海帶; pinyin: Hǎidài).

Kelp features in the diets of many civilizations, including Chinese and Icelandic; however, the largest consumers of kelp are the Japanese, who have incorporated kelp and seaweed into their diets for over 1,500 years.
Communes of Angola
The Communes of Angola (Portuguese: comunas) are administrative units in Angola after municipalities. The 163 municipalities of Angola are divided into communes. There are a total of 618 communes of Angola:

Cacula
Cacula is a municipality and town in the province of Huíla, Angola. The municipality had a population of 136,977 in 2014.

Cacula was established as a municipality on August 16, 2011, as the latest municipality to be created in the province of Huíla, under the law 32 dated October 11, 2011 and published by the Angolan Bar Association.
Puerto Rico Highway 803
Puerto Rico Highway 803 (PR-803) is a north–south road that travels from eastern Corozal to southwestern Naranjito in Puerto Rico. With a length of 10.2 km (6.3 mi), it begins at PR-164 in Palmarejo barrio and ends at its junction with PR-152 and PR-802 in Cedro Arriba barrio.

Puerto Rico Highway 802
Puerto Rico Highway 802 (PR-802) is an east–west road between the municipalities of Corozal and Naranjito in Puerto Rico. With a length of 6.6 kilometers (4.1 mi), it begins at its intersection with PR-801 in Palmarito barrio in Corozal, and ends at its junction with PR-152 and PR-803 in Cedro Arriba barrio in Naranjito.
Pashto
Pashto (/ˈpʌʃtoʊ/,/ˈpæʃtoʊ/ PASH-toh; پښتو, Pəx̌tó, [pəʂˈto, pʊxˈto, pəʃˈto, pəçˈto]) is an eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. It has official status in Afghanistan. It was also known in historical Persian literature as Afghani (افغانی, Afghāni).

Spoken as a native language mainly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan alongside Dari, and it is spoken as the second-largest provincial language in Pakistan, spoken mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan. Likewise, it is the primery language of the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is estimated at around 35 million to 55 million. Pashto is "one of the primary markers of ethnic identity" amongst Pashtuns.

Pashto alphabet
The Pashto alphabet (Pashto: پښتو الفبې, romanized: Pəx̌tó alfbâye) is the right-to-left abjad-based alphabet developed from the Perso-Arabic script, used for the Pashto language in  Afghanistan and Northwestern Parts of Pakistan.It originated in the 16th century through the works of Pir Roshan.
Rhododendron subsect. Ledum
Ledum was a genus in the family Ericaceae, including eight species of evergreen shrub native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and commonly known as Labrador tea. It is now recognised as a subsection of section Rhododendron, subgenus Rhododendron, of the genus Rhododendron.

Rhododendron subg. Rhododendron
Rhododendron subgenus Rhododendron is a subgenus of the genus Rhododendron. With around 400 species, it is the largest of the eight subgenera (more recently reduced to five) containing nearly half of all known species of Rhododendron and all of the lepidote species (i.e. those having scales on the underside of the leaves).
Paeonia turcica
Paeonia turcica, the Turkish peony, is a flowering plant in the family Paeoniaceae. It is also called the "bear rose" in Turkey. It is native to the mountainous regions of south-western Turkey, particularly in Caria and Lycia. This rare perennial herb grows to about 60 centimetres tall and produces striking magenta-rose flowers with golden centres, typically blooming earlier than other peony species. It grows at elevations between 1500 and 1820 metres in pine forests and open shrubby areas on limestone formations. First scientifically described in 1965, this endemic Turkish species has demonstrated excellent cold hardiness in cultivation, surviving temperatures as low as -7 °C without damage, making it a valued ornamental plant despite its limited distribution in the wild where it faces potential conservation challenges due to collection for export.

Peony
The peony or paeony (/ˈpiːəni/) is any flowering plant in the genus Paeonia, the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae. Peonies are native to Asia, Europe, and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ranging from 25 to 40, although the current consensus describes 33 known species. The relationships between the species need to be further clarified.

Most are herbaceous perennial plants 0.25–1 metre (1–3 ft) tall, but some are woody shrubs 0.25–3.5 metres (1–11 ft) tall. They have compound, deeply lobed leaves and large, often fragrant flowers, in colors ranging from purple and pink to red, white or yellow, in late spring and early summer. The flowers have a short blooming season, usually lasting for only 7–10 days.

Peonies are popular garden plants in temperate regions. Herbaceous peonies are also sold as cut flowers on a large scale, although they generally are only available in late spring and early summer.
Kōji (Muromachi period)
Kōji (弘治) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Tenbun and before Eiroku.  This period spanned the years from October 1555 through February 1558. Reigning emperors were Go-Nara-tennō (後奈良天皇) and Ōgimachi-tennō (正親町天皇).

Emperor Go-Nara
Emperor Go-Nara (後奈良天皇, Go-Nara-tennō; January 26, 1495 – September 27, 1557) was the 105th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from June 9, 1526, until his death in 1557, during the Sengoku period of the Muromachi Bakufu. His personal name was Tomohito (知仁).
Agoncillo, Batangas
Agoncillo, officially the Municipality of Agoncillo (Tagalog: Bayan ng Agoncillo),  is a  municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 40,662 people.

Lemery, Batangas
Lemery, officially the Municipality of Lemery (Tagalog: Bayan ng Lemery),  is a municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 94,736 people.
College of the Desert
College of the Desert (COD) is a public community college in Palm Desert, California. COD enrolls about 12,500 students, of which around one third attend college full-time. It serves the Coachella Valley of Riverside County. The college is federally recognized as a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI), receiving Title V grants.

Palm Desert, California
Palm Desert is a city in the Coachella Valley region of Riverside County, California. The city is located in the Colorado Desert arm of the Sonoran Desert, about 14 miles (23 km) east of Palm Springs, 121 miles (195 km) northeast of San Diego and 122 miles (196 km) east of Los Angeles. The population was 51,163 at the 2020 census, and the city has been one of the state's fastest-growing since 1980, when its population was 11,801.
White Shield, North Dakota
White Shield (Arikara: nahtasuutaaká, Hidatsa: maanaagi iixodagish) is a census-designated place (CDP) lying within the boundaries of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation. It is located on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in McLean County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 363 at the 2020 census. It is considered the primary community of the Arikara (Sahnish) people and is named for Chief White Shield.

White Shield was founded in 1954 to replace the town of Elbowoods (Arikara: hiswíkAt ([hisˈwikə̥t]), which was inundated by the creation of Lake Sakakawea. The name honors White Shield, an Arikara chief and a scout for General George Armstrong Custer.

Elbowoods, North Dakota
Elbowoods is a ghost town that was located in McLean County, North Dakota, United States, on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. It was founded in 1889 along the Missouri River as the agency seat for the reservation of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation. After the creation of the Garrison Dam and Lake Sakakawea, rising water levels threatened the town, slowly engulfing its buildings until the entire town was submerged in 1954.
Boligee, Alabama
Boligee /ˈboʊləˌdʒi/ is a town in Greene County, Alabama, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 301. Although Boligee appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census, according to the 1930 U.S. Census it did not incorporate until 1926, though another source cited 1927.

Boligee has one site listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Boligee Hill.

Greene County, Alabama
Greene County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,730, the least populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Eutaw. It was named in honor of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 81% African American, making it the fourth-most heavily black county by proportion in the United States, and the most black county among all counties located outside of the state of Mississippi. It is documented as one of the unhealthiest counties in the United States, with a population with an obesity percentage of 46.3 percent, the highest of any county in the state, and second to only Claiborne County in the western portion of neighboring Mississippi. The life expectancy there is 74.9 years, over 2 years lower than the national average.
P-variation
In mathematical analysis, p-variation is a collection of seminorms on functions from an ordered set to a metric space, indexed by a real number . p-variation is a measure of the regularity or smoothness of a function. Specifically, if , where  is a metric space and I a totally ordered set, its p-variation is:

where D ranges over all finite partitions of the interval I.

The p variation of a function decreases with p. If f has finite p-variation and g is an α-Hölder continuous function, then  has finite -variation.

The case when p is one is called total variation, and functions with a finite 1-variation are called bounded variation functions.

This concept should not be confused with the notion of p-th variation along a sequence of partitions, which is computed as a limit along a given sequence  of time partitions:

For example for p=2, this corresponds to the concept of quadratic variation, which is different from 2-variation.

Total variation
In mathematics, the total variation identifies several slightly different concepts, related to the (local or global) structure of the codomain of a function or a measure. For a real-valued continuous function f, defined on an interval [a, b] ⊂ R, its total variation on the interval of definition is a measure of the one-dimensional arclength of the curve with parametric equation x ↦ f(x), for x ∈ [a, b]. Functions whose total variation is finite are called functions of bounded variation.
Carlino
Carlino (Friulian: Cjarlins) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,816 and an area of 30.3 square kilometres (11.7 sq mi).

Carlino borders the following municipalities: Castions di Strada, Marano Lagunare, Muzzana del Turgnano, San Giorgio di Nogaro.

Carlino is the name of the premier family from the Casino area for which the town of Carlino was named.

Marano Lagunare
Marano Lagunare (Friulian: Maran) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Udine.

Marano Lagunare borders the following municipalities: Carlino, Grado, Latisana, Lignano Sabbiadoro, Muzzana del Turgnano, Palazzolo dello Stella, Precenicco, San Giorgio di Nogaro.
West Runton Mammoth
The West Runton Mammoth is a fossilized skeleton of a steppe mammoth (Mammuthus trogontherii) found in the cliffs of West Runton in the county of Norfolk, England in 1990. The find is the largest nearly complete mammoth skeleton known, and is the oldest found in the United Kingdom.

West Runton
West Runton is a village in North Norfolk, England, on the North Sea coast. West Runton and East Runton together form the parish of Runton. The village straddles the A149 North Norfolk coast road and is 2+1⁄2 miles west of Cromer and 1+1⁄2 miles east of Sheringham.