hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999
The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 (SI 1999/2083) was a UK statutory instrument, which implemented the EU (then EEC) Unfair Consumer Contract Terms Directive into domestic law. It replaced an earlier version of similar regulations, and overlaps considerably with the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977.

It was superseded by the Consumer Rights Act 2015, which regulates unfair terms in consumer contracts in English contract law.

Contractual term
A contractual term is "any provision forming part of a contract". Each term gives rise to a contractual obligation, the breach of which may give rise to litigation. An express term is a term stated by the parties during negotiation or written in a contractual document, but not all terms are stated expressly, and some terms carry less legal gravity as they are peripheral to the objectives of the contract.

The terms of a contract are the essence of a contract, and state what the contract will do. For instance, the price of a good, the time of its promised delivery and the description of the good will all be terms of the contract.

"Terms" and "conditions", although slightly different in their significance, are often treated together in phrases such as "standard terms and conditions", or "standard T&C".
Government Building (Toronto)
The Government Building, also known as the Arts, Crafts and Hobbies Building, is a heritage exhibition building at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Built in 1911 for the annual Canadian National Exhibition (CNE), the building has been used since 1993 as the Toronto location of the Medieval Times chain of dinner theatres.

Canadian National Exhibition
The Canadian National Exhibition (CNE), also known as The Exhibition or The Ex, is an annual fair that takes place at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on the third Friday of August leading up to and including Labour Day, the first Monday in September. With approximately 1.6 million visitors each year, the CNE is Canada's largest annual community event and one of the top fairs in North America.

The exhibition, then known as the Toronto Industrial Exhibition, first took place in 1879, largely to promote agriculture and technology in Toronto and area. Agriculturists, engineers, and scientists exhibited their discoveries and inventions at the CNE. The event has since expanded to include a carnival, live music, parades, an air show, various entertainments, sporting events, as well as art displays and specialty vendors and foods. Special events include the Warriors' Day Parade, the Labour Day Parade and the Canadian International Air Show.
Barkmere
Barkmere is a ville in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in Les Laurentides Regional County Municipality.

It is one of the smallest incorporated municipalities in Quebec, with a population of just 81 in the Canada 2021 Census.

Ville
Ville is a French word meaning "city" or "town", but its meaning in the Middle Ages was "farm" (from Gallo-Romance VILLA < Latin villa rustica) and then "village". The derivative suffix -ville is commonly used in names of cities, towns and villages, particularly throughout France, Canada and the United States.
Frassinello Monferrato
Frassinello Monferrato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Alessandria.

Frassinello Monferrato borders the following municipalities: Camagna Monferrato, Cella Monte, Olivola, Ottiglio, Rosignano Monferrato, and Vignale Monferrato.

Olivola
Olivola (Piedmontese: Aulìvola) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Alessandria. 
Olivola borders the municipalities of Casorzo, Frassinello Monferrato, Ottiglio, and Vignale Monferrato.
Kalidasa
Kālidāsa (Sanskrit: कालिदास, "Servant of Kali"; 4th–5th century CE) was a Classical Sanskrit author who is often considered ancient India's greatest poet and playwright. His plays and poetry are primarily based on Hindu Puranas and philosophy.  His surviving works consist of three plays, two epic poems and two shorter poems.

Much about his life is unknown except what can be inferred from his poetry and plays. His works cannot be dated with precision, but they were most likely authored before the 5th century CE during the Gupta era. Kalidas is mentioned as one of the seven Brahma avatars in Dasam Granth, written by Guru Gobind Singh.

Ṛtusaṃhāra
Ṛtusaṃhāra, often written Ritusamhara, (Devanagari: ऋतुसंहार; ऋतु ṛtu, "season"; संहार saṃhāra, "compilation") is a medium length Sanskrit poem. The poem has six cantos – one for each of the six Indian seasons, which are Grīṣhma (Summer), Varṣā (Monsoon), Śāradā (Autumn), Hemanta (Early winter), Śiśira (Winter) and Vasanta (Spring).

The poem opens with Summer, Grīṣhma, and concludes with Spring, Vasanta. An introductory note to R.S. Pandit's English translation (1947) explains that the poet's intention here is to "...wind up (a meal) with a sweet".

In 'Ṛtusaṃhāra', the word 'Ritu' (seasons) has been combined with the word 'saṃhāra', and is used here in the sense of "coming together" or "group". Thus, Ritusamhara has been translated as either Medley of Seasons, Garland of Seasons, or perhaps more aptly, the Pageant of the Seasons.

The poem was collated by William Jones and was the first Sanskrit text to be printed and published in Calcutta (Kolkata) in 1792.
Ronald Stamper
Ronald Keith Stamper (8 May 1934 – 1 April 2024) was a British computer scientist, formerly a researcher in the LSE and emeritus professor at the University of Twente, known for his pioneering work in Organisational semiotics, and the creation of the MEASUR methodology and the SEDITA framework.

Kecheng Liu
Kecheng Liu (born 1957) is a Chinese-British expert in organisational semiotics who is a professor of applied informatics at the University of Reading, and a professor of management science and engineering.
Salisbury, South Australia
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbri/ SAWLZ-br-ee) is a northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is the seat of the City of Salisbury, and is within the South Australian Legislative Assembly electoral district of Ramsay and the Australian House of Representatives division of Spence. The suburb is a service area for the City of Salisbury district, with many parklands, shops, cafés and restaurants.

Salisbury railway station, Adelaide
Salisbury railway station is a railway station and bus interchange in the northern Adelaide suburb of Salisbury. It is on the Gawler line, 20.2 kilometres (12.6 mi) from Adelaide station. Adjoining it is a large park & ride carpark, making it one of the busiest stations on the Adelaide suburban rail system.
Fontevivo
Fontevivo (Parmigiano: Fontviv) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Parma. As of 9 October 2011, Fontevivo had a population of 5,428 and an area of 25.9 square kilometres (10.0 mi2).

It is best known as the location of the former Fontevivo Abbey, the church of which now serves as the parish church.

The municipality of Fontevivo contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bellena, Bianconese, Case Cantarana I, Case Cantarana II, Case Gaiffa, Case Massi, Case Rosi, Fondo Fontana, Fontane, Molinetto, Ponte Recchio, Ponte Taro, Recchio di Sotto, Romitaggio, Stazione Castelguelfo, and Torchio.

Fontevivo borders the municipalities of Fontanellato, Noceto, and Parma.

Noceto
Noceto  (Parmigiano: Nozèi) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Parma.

The municipality of Noceto contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Borghetto, Cella, Costamezzana, Ponte Taro and Sanguinaro.

Noceto borders the following municipalities: Collecchio, Fidenza, Fontanellato, Fontevivo, Medesano, Parma.
Wöhler (crater)
Wöhler is a small lunar impact crater that lies to the south of the crater Stiborius, in the rugged southeastern highlands of the Moon. It was named after German chemist Friedrich Wöhler. To the west-northwest is the battered remnant of Riccius. This is a generally circular crater formation with a slightly eroded outer rim. There is a small crater attached to the western rim. The inner walls slope down to a featureless inner floor.

Stiborius (crater)
Stiborius is a lunar impact crater that lies to the south-southwest of the crater Piccolomini, in the southeastern quadrant of the Moon's near side. To the south-southwest of Stiborius is the smaller Wöhler. Stiborius is 44 kilometers in diameter and 3.7 kilometers deep.

The rim of this crater is well-defined with little appearance of erosion. It is roughly circular in form, but has a prominent outward bulge to the northeast where the side has slumped into the interior. There is a terrace-like shelf along the southeastern and northern inner walls. The interior floor is somewhat irregular, and there is a low central peak at the midpoint that is connected to the northeastern wall by a low ridge. It is from the Upper Imbrian period, 3.8 to 3.2 billion years ago.
It is named after Andreas Stöberl, a 15th-century philosopher, theologian, and astronomer.
1960 Mitropa Cup
The 1960 Mitropa Cup was the 20th season of the Mitropa football club tournament. It was contested as a competition between countries and there was no elimination. The five competing countries each sent six teams each to the competition, which was won by Hungary.

Mitropa Cup
The Mitropa Cup, officially called Coupe de l'Europe Centrale, Mitteleuropäischer Pokal or Central European Cup, was one of the first international major European football cups for club sides. It was conducted among the successor states of the former Austria-Hungary. After World War II in 1951 a replacement tournament named Zentropa Cup was held, but just for one season, the Mitropa Cup name was revived, and again in 1958 the name of the tournament changed to Danube Cup but only for one season. The tournament was discontinued after 1992.

The most successful club is Vasas with six titles.
Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Brabant
Margaret of Flanders (died 3 July 1285) was a Duchess consort of Brabant. She was the daughter of Guy of Dampierre and his first wife Matilda of Béthune.

Margaret married John I, Duke of Brabant in 1273. She was the mother of:

Godfrey (1273/74 – aft. 13 September 1283).

John II of Brabant (1275–1312).

Margaret of Brabant (4 October 1276 – 14 December 1311, Genoa), married 9 June 1292 to Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor.

Marie (d. after 2 December 1338), married to Count Amadeus V of Savoy.

Amadeus V, Count of Savoy
Amadeus V (1249 – 16 October 1323), also known as Amadeus the Great, was Count of Savoy from 1285 until his death. In recognition of his service to the Holy Roman Empire, he was granted the titles of Imperial Count and Imperial Vicar of Lombardy, along with lordship over Asti and Ivrea.

A prominent medieval ruler, he played a pivotal role in expanding and consolidating the House of Savoy's influence across regions that today form parts of France, Italy, and Switzerland.
Lezayre
Lezayre (/ləzˈɛər/ ləz-AIR; Manx: Creest ny h-Ayrey), formally Kirk Christ Lezayre, is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man.

It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) in the sheading of Ayre.

Administratively, part of the historic parish of Lezayre is now part of the town of Ramsey.

Other settlements in the parish include Glen Auldyn and Sulby.

Glen Auldyn
Glen Auldyn is a narrow valley about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long on the Isle of Man, with a river of the same name. This flows in a NNE direction and flows into the River Sulby not far from its estuary, near Ramsey. It is entirely within the parish of Lezayre. The lower one-third of the valley is inhabited and is partly followed by the B16 road. This section is overlooked by Sky Hill.

The middle section of the valley contains a ribbon of mature oak woodland.

The valley contains the small church of St Fingan.

In the valley is an underground reservoir with a capacity of around 6,800 cubic metres (240,000 cu ft) which supplies the north and east of the island.

In May 2025, Manx Wildlife Trust announced that they had purchased 455 hectares (1124 acres) of land in the upper parts of Glen Auldyn, including the moorland to the west, to create a new nature reserve where temperate rainforest will be restored. This forms Manx Wildlife Trust's 32nd and largest Manx nature reserve.
Malta declaration (International Intersex Forum)
The Malta declaration is the statement of the Third International Intersex Forum, which took place in Valletta, Malta, in 2013. The event was supported by the ILGA and ILGA-Europe and brought together 34 people representing 30 organisations from multiple regions of the world.

The declaration affirmed the existence of intersex people, and demanded an end to "discrimination against intersex people and to ensure the right of bodily integrity, physical autonomy and self-determination". For the first time, participants made a statement on birth registrations, in addition to other human rights issues:

International Intersex Forum
The International Intersex Forum is an annual event organised, then later supported, by the ILGA and ILGA-Europe that  and organisations from multiple regions of the world, and it is believed to be the first and only such intersex event.
Great Britain women's national goalball team
The Great Britain women's national goalball team is the women's national team of Great Britain.  Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment.  It takes part in international goalball competitions.

Goalball World Championships
The IBSA Goalball World Championships is an international goalball tournament held every four years, since 1978, between Paralympic Games goalball tournaments. It is organised by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) Goalball Subcommittee.

A 'world' youth-level championships was created in 2005.  It was not officially recognised in the Rules until the 2014–2017 version, and has no prescribed selection process unlike the World Championships or Paralympic Games tournaments.  Games are undertaken with the standard 1.25 kilograms (2.8 lb) competition ball.  In December 2024, it was determined to hold the youth championships in odd-numbered years, commencing from 2026.

Qualification for the World Championships is usually through Africa, Asia-Pacific, America, and Europe regional championships.
Operation Omari
Operation Omari, also called the Spring Offensive, was an offensive launched by the Taliban against the Afghan government in Afghanistan. Its start was announced on 12 April 2016. The Taliban made their yearly spring offensive announcement on April 12, 2016. They named the offensive in honor of the movement's late leader. The announcement of Operation Omari includes details on how the members of the group should present themselves in public. The aim of the Operation is considered ambitious and its focus is on clearing the remaining areas from enemy control and presence.  Unlike offensive announcements from previous years this announcement contained details about specific targets that would be attacked during the operation. The targets were stated in general terms with reference only to "large scale attacks on enemy positions across the country, martyrdom-seeking and tactical attacks against enemy strongholds, and assassination of enemy commanders in urban centers."

April 2016 Kabul attack
On the morning of 19 April 2016, Taliban militants attacked a security team responsible for protecting government VIPs in Kabul, Afghanistan. The initial attack killed 64 people and wounded 347. It was their biggest attack on an urban area since 2001.
Academy Hill Historic District (Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania)
Academy Hill Historic District is a national historic district located in Stroudsburg, Monroe County, Pennsylvania. Bordered by Sarah, 8th, Fulmer, and 5th streets, the district encompasses 180 contributing buildings in a primarily residential section of Stroudsburg.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania
Stroudsburg is a borough in and the county seat of Monroe County, Pennsylvania, United States. It lies within the Poconos region approximately five miles (8 km) from the Delaware Water Gap at the confluence of Brodhead Creek, McMichaels, and Pocono Creeks in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Stroudsburg is part of the East Stroudsburg, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the New York combined statistical area. The population was 5,927 at the 2020 census.
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an ascomycete fungus that causes ash dieback, a chronic fungal disease of ash trees in Europe characterised by leaf loss and crown dieback in infected trees. The fungus was first scientifically described in 2006 under the name Chalara fraxinea. Four years later it was discovered that Chalara fraxinea is the asexual (anamorphic) stage of a fungus that was subsequently named Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus and then renamed as Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.

The first recognised report of this disease was in 1992 after a large number of ash trees had died in Poland. The disease is now widespread in Europe, with up to 85% mortality rates recorded in plantations and 69% in woodlands. It is closely related to a native fungus Hymenoscyphus albidus, which is harmless to European ash trees.
A 2016 report published in the Journal of Ecology posited that a combination of H. fraxineus and emerald ash borer attacks could result in the extinction of European ash trees.

Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior, known as the ash, or European ash or common ash to distinguish it from other types of ash, is a flowering plant species in the olive family Oleaceae. It is native throughout mainland Europe east to the Caucasus and Alborz mountains, and west to Great Britain and Ireland, the latter determining its western boundary. The northernmost location is in the Trondheimsfjord region of Norway. The species is widely cultivated and reportedly naturalised in New Zealand and in scattered locales in the United States and Canada. The wood has many uses as it is flexible, workable, strong and lightweight.
George Moscone
George Richard Moscone (/məˈskoʊni/ mə-SKOH-nee; November 24, 1929 – November 27, 1978) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 37th mayor of San Francisco from January 1976 until his assassination in November 1978.

He was known as "The People's Mayor", who opened up City Hall and its commissions to reflect the diversity of San Francisco, appointing African Americans, Asian Americans, and gay people. A member of the Democratic Party, Moscone served in the California State Senate from 1967 until becoming mayor; in the Senate he served as majority leader. He is remembered for being an advocate of civil progressivism.

Mayor of San Francisco
The mayor of the City and County of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the San Francisco city and county government. The officeholder has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, the legislative branch. The mayor serves a four-year term and is limited to two successive terms. Because of San Francisco's status as a consolidated city-county, the mayor also serves as the head of government of the county; both entities have been governed together by a combined set of governing bodies since 1856.

There have been 45 individuals who have served as mayor in San Francisco since 1850, when California became a state following the American Conquest of California. Prior to the conquest, Californios served as Mayor of San Francisco during the Spanish and Mexican eras since 1779.

The current mayor is Democrat Daniel Lurie.
Triumph Thunderbird (2009)
The 2009 and later Triumph Thunderbird is a series of large displacement straight-twin cruiser motorcycles, made by Triumph Motorcycles in Hinckley, England. Since 2016, the model is offered as a base 1.6 L (98 cu in) and as 1.7 L (104 cu in) 'Commander' and 'Storm' variants.

The 2009 "Thunderbird" revives the name after a five-year hiatus, from several prior "Thunderbird" Triumphs: a previous three-cylinder 885 cc bike, as well as a prior single carburettor version of the 650cc twin Bonneville, produced in the mid-1960s for police work. The latest earlier iteration was the Thunderbird Sport, last made in 2004.

Triumph Motorcycles Ltd
Triumph Motorcycles Ltd is the largest UK-owned motorcycle manufacturer, established in 1983 by John Bloor after the original company Triumph Engineering went into receivership. The new company, initially called Bonneville Coventry Ltd, continued Triumph's lineage of motorcycle production since 1902. They have major manufacturing facilities in Thailand.

During the 12 months preceding June 2017, Triumph sold 63,400 motorcycles.

In 2024, Triumph introduced their first ever off-road motorcycle, the Motocross racer TF 250-X.
Mouding County
Mouding County (Chinese: 牟定县; pinyin: Móudìng Xiàn; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA: /mɯ21 di33 bu33/) is located in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China. It borders Lufeng, Yunnan to the east, Chuxiong City to the south, Nanhua County and Yao'an County to the west, and Dayao County and Yuanmou County to the north.

Dayao County
Dayao County (simplified Chinese: 大姚县; traditional Chinese: 大姚縣; pinyin: Dàyáo Xiàn; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA：/di33 ʑi33 bu33/) is a county of northwestern Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, under the administration of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture.
Vuk Branković
Vuk Branković (Serbian Cyrillic: Вук Бранковић, pronounced [ʋûːk brǎːnkoʋit͡ɕ], 1345 – 6 October 1397) was a Serbian medieval nobleman who, during the Fall of the Serbian Empire, inherited a province that extended over present-day southern and southwestern Serbia, entire Kosovo, the northern part of present-day Republic of North Macedonia, and northern Montenegro. His fief (and later state) was known as Oblast Brankovića (District of Branković) or simply as Vukova zemlja (Vuk's land), which he held with the title of gospodin (lord, sir), under Prince Lazar of Serbia. After the Battle of Kosovo (1389), Vuk was briefly the de facto most powerful Serbian lord.

Momčilo Spremić
Momčilo Spremić (Serbian: Момчило Спремић; born August 29, 1937) is a Serbian historian and member of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. He is professor of General history of the Middle Ages at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy. Spremić specialized in the History of the Balkans, Italy and Spain in the Late Middle Ages.
Duty on Hair Powder Act 1795
The Duty on Hair Powder Act 1795 (35 Geo. 3. c. 49) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which levied a tax on hair powder. The tax was used to finance government programmes, especially to fund the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars with France. The Act was repealed in 1861.

Wig
A wig is a head covering made from human or animal hair, or a synthetic imitation thereof. The word is short for "periwig". Wigs may be worn to disguise baldness, to alter the wearer's appearance, or as part of certain professional uniforms.