hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adomas Varnas
Adomas Varnas (January 1, 1879, in Joniškis, Lithuania – July 19, 1979, in Chicago, United States) was a prominent Lithuanian painter, photographer, collector, philanthropist, and educator.

Author of the world first album of ethnographical photography Lithuanian Crosses (Lietuvos kryžiai, 2 volumes, 1926, Kaunas) about the Lithuanian cross crafting.

He was husband of the educator Marija Kuraitytė-Varnienė and helped her promote the Montessori education in Lithuania.

Marija Kuraitytė-Varnienė
Marija Kuraitytė-Varnienė (26 August 1886 – 10 October 1982) was a Lithuanian educator best known as the pioneer of the Montessori education in Lithuania.

Born to a family of petty Lithuanian nobles, she was educated at various Russian institutions. At the University of Geneva, she became interested in pedagogy. In particular, she was interested in early childhood education but was discouraged after her early efforts were not well received. In 1930 and 1934, she completed courses on the Montessori method and became its avid advocate in Lithuania. Kuraitytė-Varnienė established a kindergarten and a primary school as well as courses for kindergarten teachers. She also promoted the method in the press, during various lectures and exhibits. Her work in Lithuania was interrupted by World War II. She reestablished Montessori schools in Ravensburg, Germany, and Chicago, United States.
Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.

Tamar-class lifeboat
Tamar-class lifeboats are All-weather lifeboats (ALBs) operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) around the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. They have replaced the majority of the older Tyne-class lifeboats. The prototype was built in 2000 and 27 production boats were constructed between 2006 and 2013.

The class name comes from the River Tamar in south west England which flows into the English Channel, where the hulls from SAR Composites were fitted-out by Babcock International Group.

All of the following fleet details are referenced to the 2026 Lifeboat Enthusiast Society Handbook, with information retrieved directly from RNLI records.
GNUMail
GNUMail is a free and open-source, cross-platform e-mail client based on GNUstep or Cocoa. It is the official mail client of GNUstep and is also used in Étoilé. It was inspired by NeXTMail (NeXT's Mail.app), the predecessor of Apple Mail. GNUMail is based on the mail handling framework Pantomime.  GNUMail demonstrated that it is possible to develop cross platform programs for GNUstep and Cocoa.

GNUstep
GNUstep is a free software implementation of the Cocoa (formerly OpenStep) Objective-C frameworks, widget toolkit, and application development tools for Unix-like operating systems and Microsoft Windows. It is part of the GNU Project.

GNUstep features a cross-platform, object-oriented IDE.  Apart from the default Objective-C interface, GNUstep also has bindings for Java, Ruby, GNU Guile and Scheme. The GNUstep developers track some additions to Apple's Cocoa to remain compatible. The roots of the GNUstep application interface are the same as the roots of Cocoa: NeXTSTEP and OpenStep. GNUstep thus predates Cocoa, which emerged when Apple acquired NeXT's technology and incorporated it into the development of the original Mac OS X, while GNUstep was initially an effort by GNU developers to replicate the technically ambitious NeXTSTEP's programmer-friendly features.
Chaddock reflex
The Chaddock reflex is a diagnostic reflex similar to the Babinski reflex. Chaddock's sign is present when stroking of the lateral malleolus causes extension of the great toe, indicating damage to the corticospinal tract.

It was identified by Charles Gilbert Chaddock in 1911.

Plantar reflex
The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms.  In healthy adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion).

An upward response (extension) of the hallux is known as the Babinski response or Babinski sign, named after the neurologist Joseph Babinski. The presence of the Babinski sign can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain in adults, and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants.

While first described in the medical literature by Babinski in 1896, the reflex has been identified in art at least as early as Botticelli's Virgin and Child with an Angel, painted in the mid-15th century.
Archeparchy of Kottayam
The Archeparchy of Kottayam is a Knanaya metropolitan archeparchy of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church in India. The archeparchy is exclusively for Knanaya faithful who claim to be the descendants of Syriac Judeo-Christians (early East Syriac Christians) who migrated from South Mesopotamia to Kodungallur (Muziris) in South India in 4th century A.D.

Kurian Mathew Vayalunkal
Kurian Mathew Vayalumkal (born 4 August 1966) is an Indian prelate of the Catholic Church who works in the diplomatic service of the Holy See as Apostolic Nuncio to Chile. He was the Apostolic Nuncio to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands from 2016 to 2021 and to Algeria and Tunisia from 2021-2025.
Gildas
Gildas (English pronunciation: /ˈɡɪldəs/, Breton: Gweltaz; c. 450/500 – c. 570) – also known as  Gildas Badonicus, Gildas fab Caw (in Middle Welsh texts and antiquarian works) and Gildas Sapiens (Gildas the Wise) – was a 6th-century British monk best known for his religious polemic De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, which recounts the history of the Britons before and during the coming of the Saxons. He is one of the best-documented figures of the Christian church in the British Isles during the sub-Roman period, and was renowned for his Biblical knowledge and literary style. In his later life, he emigrated to Brittany, where he founded a monastery known as Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.

Sub-Roman Britain
Sub-Roman Britain, also called post-Roman Britain or Dark Age Britain, is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the founding of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The term was originally used to describe archaeological remains found in 5th- and 6th-century AD sites that hinted at the decay of locally made wares from a previous higher standard under the Roman Empire. It is now used to describe the period that began with the recall of Roman troops from Britannia to Gaul by Constantine III in 407 and ended with the Battle of Deorham in 577. This period has attracted a great deal of academic and popular debate, in part because of the lack of written records from the time.
Los Angeles Jets
The Los Angeles Jets were an American basketball team based in Los Angeles, California, founded by Jack Blanck and Len Corbosiero, that was a member of the American Basketball League in the league's 1961–62 season.

Cleveland Pipers
The Cleveland Pipers were an American industrial basketball team based in Cleveland, Ohio, in the 1950s and early 1960s. The Pipers are mostly known for having played in the short-lived American Basketball League (1961–1962). They were also a power in the day's Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) basketball and the National Industrial Basketball League (NIBL) which peaked in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Dunja (film)
Dunja is a 1955 Austrian historical drama film directed by Josef von Báky and starring Eva Bartok, Karlheinz Böhm, Ivan Desny and Walter Richter. It is an adaptation of the shorty story The Station Master by Alexander Pushkin, which had previously been made into the 1940 film Der Postmeister by Gustav Ucicky.

It was shot at the Sievering and Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna and on location in Burgenland. The film's sets were designed by the art director Fritz Maurischat.

Der Postmeister
Der Postmeister (English: The Postmaster or The Stationmaster) is a 1940 Austrian-German drama film directed by Gustav Ucicky. Very loosely based on The Station Master, an 1831 short story from The Belkin Tales series by Alexander Pushkin, it was remade in 1955 as Dunja. An earlier adaptation was the French film Nostalgie (1938) with Harry Baur, directed by Victor Tourjansky.

The film's sets were designed by art directors Kurt Herlth and Werner Schlichting. It was produced in Austria during its occupation by Nazi Germany, by the Wien Film company, and distributed by UFA.

At the Venice Film Festival, Der Postmeister won the Mussolini Cup for best foreign film. Released during the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, it depicts Russians in a sympathetic light, unlike their portrayals in such films as Frisians in Peril before or GPU after.
Panopea zelandica
Panopea zelandica, commonly known as the deepwater clam or New Zealand geoduck, is a large species of marine bivalve mollusc in the Panopea (geoduck) genus of the family Hiatellidae. It is also sometimes called a king clam, or a gaper – in reference to the shell not being closed at either end.

It is found around the North, South and Stewart islands and occurs mainly in shallow waters (5–25 metres (16–82 ft)) in sand and mud off sandy ocean beaches. Another geoduck species, Panopea smithae, is found in deeper New Zealand waters.

Like other geoducks, P. zelandica burrows downwards in the mud and extends a siphon 30–45 centimetres (12–18 in) up to the surface of the substrate.  The siphon contains two tubes.  Water is sucked down one tube, filtered for food and then expelled through the other.

Panopea (bivalve)
Panopea is a genus of large marine bivalve molluscs or clams in the family Hiatellidae. There are 10 described species in Panopea. Many of them are known by the common name geoduck, from the name of the Pacific geoduck in the Lushootseed language; gʷidəq.
Motatau
Motatau or Mōtatau is a locality in the Northland Region of the North Island of New Zealand. Maromaku is to the east. The Taikirau Stream flows from east through Motatau and then runs northwest to join the Waiharakeke Stream. The North Auckland Line runs through Motatau.

The name is Māori for "to speak to oneself".

Motatau has two marae. Mōtatau Marae and Manu Koroki are a meeting place for the Ngāpuhi hapū of Ngāti Hine and Ngāti Te Tāwera. Matawaia Marae and Rangimarie meeting house is a meeting place of the Ngāpuhi hapū of Ngāti Hine, Ngāti Ngāherehere and Te Kau i Mua.

Ngāti Hine
Ngāti Hine is a Māori iwi (tribe) with a rohe (tribal area) in Northland, New Zealand. It is part of the wider Ngāpuhi iwi.

Its rohe (tribal area) covers the areas of Waiomio, Kawakawa, Taumarere, Moerewa, Motatau, Waimahae, Pakaraka, Otiria, Pipiwai, Kaikou and Te Horo.
Pernumia
Pernumia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,756 and an area of 13.2 square kilometres (5.1 sq mi).

Pernumia borders the following municipalities: Battaglia Terme, Cartura, Due Carrare, Monselice, San Pietro Viminario.

Due Carrare
Due Carrare is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Venice and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Padua.

This municipality  is the result of the merging of two different municipalities (Carrara San Giorgio and Carrara Santo Stefano), voted by the inhabitants on 26 February 1995 and allowed by the consequent regional law on 21 March 1995.

Due Carrare borders the following municipalities: Abano Terme, Battaglia Terme, Cartura, Maserà di Padova, Montegrotto Terme, Pernumia.

The city is the birthplace of the Carraresi family, who ruled Padua in the late Middle Ages.
Bokajan (town)
Bokajan (/ˈboʊkədʒɑːn/ BOH-kə-jahn) is a town in Karbi Anglong district in the state of Assam, India. Bokajan is best known for its Cement factory (Cement Corporation of India, Bokajan). It is 15 km away from Dimapur and partially borders Nagaland.

Karbi Anglong district
Karbi Anglong district is an administrative unit in the Indian state of Assam. It is an autonomous district administered by the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) according to the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the constitution of India. The district headquarters is in Diphu.
Rurikovo Gorodische
Rurikovo Gorodische (Russian: Рю́риково Городи́ще, romanized: Ryúrikovo Gorodíshche, IPA: [ˈrʲʉrʲɪkəvə ɡərɐˈdʲiɕːə], lit. 'Rurik's Hillfort'), the primary settlement in the area known in Scandinavian sources as Holmgård, was the 9th century predecessor of Veliky Novgorod.  The archaeological site is 2 km to the south of the current city center, across from Yuriev Monastery where the Volkhov River flows out of Lake Ilmen. Part of the Novgorod World Heritage site, it includes the original residence of the princes of Novgorod, connected with the names of many famous political figures of ancient Russia.

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Rutland Recreation Ground, Ilkeston
The Rutland Recreation Ground is a cricket ground in Ilkeston, Derbyshire (not the historical county of Rutland, as the name may suggest). The Derbyshire first XI played at the ground regularly between 1925 and 1994, with the ground hosting at least one County Championship match - and sometimes as many as three or four – each year until 1978. The ground also saw John Player League matches in the 1970s. The ground hosted 93 first-class matches and 16 List A matches.

Game Information:

Game Statistics: first-class:

Game Statistics: one-day:

Ilkeston
Ilkeston (/ˈɪlkəstən/ ⓘ ILL-kis-tun) is a town located in the Borough of Erewash in Derbyshire, England, with a population of 40,953 at the 2021 census. Its major industries, coal mining, iron working and lace making/textiles, have now all but disappeared. Part of the Nottingham Urban Area, the town is located between the cities Derby and Nottingham, near the M1 motorway, and on the River Erewash. Its eastern boundary borders Nottinghamshire to the east and is only two miles from Nottingham's western edge.
I Cover Big Town
I Cover Big Town is a 1947 American drama film directed by William C. Thomas and written by Maxwell Shane. The film stars Phillip Reed, Hillary Brooke, Robert Lowery, Robert Shayne, Mona Barrie and Vince Barnett. It was released on February 27, 1947, by Paramount Pictures and was the second in the Big Town series of films.

Pine-Thomas Productions
Pine-Thomas Productions was a prolific B-picture unit of Paramount Pictures from 1940 to 1957, producing 81 films.  Co-producers William H. Pine (February 15, 1896 – April 29, 1955) and William C. Thomas (August 11, 1903 – April 2, 1984) were known as the "Dollar Bills" because none of their economically made films ever lost money. "We don't want to make million dollar pictures," they said. "We just want to make a million dollars."
N.I.B.
"N.I.B." is a song released by English heavy metal band Black Sabbath. It first appeared as the fourth track on the band's self-titled debut album. The lyrics are in the first person from the point of view of Lucifer. Bassist Geezer Butler, who composed the song's lyrics, has said that "the song was about the devil falling in love and totally changing, becoming a good person."

Nativity in Black: A Tribute to Black Sabbath
Nativity in Black: A Tribute to Black Sabbath is a series of two Black Sabbath tribute albums, released in 1994 and 2000 respectively. The albums feature various heavy metal groups performing cover versions of Black Sabbath songs in tribute to the band.
Ellen Tise
Ellen Remona Tise  (born October 29, 1961) is a South African librarian, president of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) from 2009 to 2011, under the theme "Libraries Driving Access to Knowledge (A2K)". Her work has focused on library associations and the open access promoted by the library sector.

Library and Information Association of South Africa
The Library and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA) is a professional non-profit organisation representing institutions and people working in libraries and information services in South Africa. As a professional body, LIASA is officially recognised by the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA), with its recognition renewed until March 2030. The association's membership grew to 1,590 in 2023, an increase of 22% from the previous year. The LIASA National Office is located on the Pretoria campus of the National Library of South Africa (NLSA).
Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon
Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon (18 January 1609 – 13 February 1656), was the son of Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon, and Lady Elizabeth Stanley, the daughter of Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby, and Alice Spencer. He married Lucy, daughter of Sir John Davies, on 7 August 1623.

He was MP for Leicestershire in 1625 and again in 1628–29.

Ferdinando's family seat, Ashby de la Zouch Castle, was destroyed by Oliver Cromwell's troops in the English Civil War in 1646. He died of smallpox at age 47 and was succeeded by his son, Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon.

There is a monument to him in St Helen's Church, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.

Lucy Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon
Lucy Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon (1613 – 14 November 1679), born Lucy Davies, was a seventeenth-century English poet. Her poems were not published in her lifetime. She had ten children including Elizabeth and the 7th Theophilus Hastings.
Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
The Non-Intercourse Act of March 1809 lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports.

Enacted in the last sixteen days of President Thomas Jefferson's presidency by the 10th Congress to replace the Embargo Act of 1807, the almost unenforceable law's intent was to damage the economies of the United Kingdom and France. Like its predecessor, the Embargo Act, it was mostly ineffective, and contributed to the coming of the War of 1812. In addition, it seriously damaged the economy of the United States. The Non-Intercourse Act was followed by Macon's Bill Number 2. Despite hurting the economy as a whole, the bill's prohibition on British manufactured goods stimulated domestic production and helped America begin to industrialize.

10th United States Congress
The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 census; both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.
Queen Anne Creek
Queen Anne Creek is a tributary of Mill Creek, part of the Delaware River drainage basin in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Rising just north of Fallsington, it meets with its confluence with Mill Creek in Bristol Township.

Mill Creek (Delaware River tributary)
Mill Creek (also known as Otter Creek)  is a 11.04 miles (17.77 km) long tributary of the Delaware River and is one of six streams in Bucks County, Pennsylvania by the same name. Mill Creek rises just east of Core Creek Park in Middletown Township and reaches its confluence at the Delaware River's 118.87 river mile in Bristol Borough.
Kerr-McGee
The Kerr-McGee Corporation, founded in 1929, was an American energy company involved in oil exploration, production of crude oil, natural gas, perchlorate and uranium mining and milling in various countries. On June 23, 2006, Anadarko Petroleum acquired Kerr-McGee in an all-cash transaction totalling $16.5 billion plus $2.6 billion in debt and all operations moved from their base in Oklahoma, United States. As a result of further acquisitions, most of the former Kerr-McGee is now part of Occidental Petroleum.

Cimarron Fuel Fabrication Site
The Cimarron Fuel Fabrication Site was a nuclear fuel production facility located along the southern bank of the Cimarron River near Crescent, Oklahoma. The site was operated by the Kerr-McGee Corporation (KMC) from 1965 to 1975.
Namao, Alberta
Namao (/nəˈmeɪ.oʊ/) is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Sturgeon County. It is at the intersection of Highway 37 and Highway 28, approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of Edmonton's city limits. It was the namesake of RCAF Station Namao, now CFB Edmonton, which is directly south of the hamlet.

Sturgeon County
Sturgeon County is a municipal district in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada. It is north of Edmonton and west of the North Saskatchewan River. Sturgeon County is located in Division No. 11 and was named for the Sturgeon River.
Westcotes
Westcotes, also known as West End,  is an inner city area of Leicester, England, UK and an electoral ward of Leicester City Council. It is located just west of the city centre over the River Soar and south of West Bridge and the old town West Gates. It’s neighbouring districts are Braunstone to the south, and Dane Hills to the west. The main roads in the area are Braunstone Gate, Hinckley Road and Narborough Road. The proximity to De Montfort University makes it a popular student area. The area is quite small in comparison with other areas of the city, but it is well known for its many shops, bars and restaurants and is a popular choice for students and young professionals.

The area was developed quite late, because the land remained part of two privately held estates until the 1870s. and therefore is somewhat less dense than other inner city areas like Highfields and Belgrave. At the 2011 census the population of the ward was 11,644.

Braunstone Park & Rowley Fields
52°36′N 1°10′W﻿ / ﻿52.600°N 1.167°W﻿ / 52.600; -1.167

Braunstone Park & Rowley Fields is an electoral ward and administrative division of the city of Leicester, England. It comprises the western Leicester suburbs of Braunstone Frith, Braunstone Park and Rowley Fields.
Piemonte Volley
Piemonte Volley, known for sponsorship reasons as Bre Banca Lannutti Cuneo, was an Italian professional volleyball club based in Cuneo. The club was founded in 1958 under the name of Cuneo Volley Ball Club and renamed Piemonte Volley in 2001, after the acquisition of glorious but long-ailing CUS Torino Pallavolo.

Pallavolo Torino
CUS Torino Pallavolo was a professional men's volleyball team based in Turin, Italy. It is one of the most famous clubs which played in Serie A1 in the 1970s and in the 1980s, winning several Italian and European trophies.
Diocese of Springfield in Illinois
The Diocese of Springfield in Illinois (Latin: Diœcesis Campifontis in Illinois) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in the capital city of Illinois in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Chicago. The mother church is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Springfield.

Henry Damian Juncker
Henry Damian Juncker (August 22, 1809 – October 2, 1868) was a French-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the first bishop of the Diocese of Alton in Illinois, serving from 1857 until his death in 1868.