hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dothraki language
The Dothraki language is a constructed fictional language in George R. R. Martin's fantasy novel series A Song of Ice and Fire and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. It is spoken by the Dothraki, a nomadic people in the series's fictional world. The language was developed for the TV series by the language creator David J. Peterson, working off the Dothraki words and phrases in Martin's novels.

As of September 2011, the language comprised 3163 words, not all of which have been made public. In 2012, 146 newborn girls in the United States were named "Khaleesi", the Dothraki term for the wife of a khal or ruler, and the title adopted in the series by Daenerys Targaryen. Dothraki and Valyrian have been described by The Economist as "the most convincing fictional tongues since Elvish".

Constructed language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally emerge from human interaction, is intentionally devised by a person or group for a particular purpose. The term constructed language is often shortened to conlang and, as a relatively broad term, it encompasses subcategories including: fictional, artificial, engineered, planned and invented languages. Conlangs may include aspects reminiscent of natural language including phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary. Interlinguistics includes the study of constructed languages.
Smørrebrød
Smørrebrød (Danish pronunciation: [ˈsmɶɐ̯ˌpʁœðˀ]; originally smør og brød, "butter and bread"), smørbrød "butter bread" (Norwegian), or smörgås [ˈsmœrˌɡoːs] "butter goose" (Swedish), is a traditional open-faced sandwich in the cuisines of Denmark, Norway and Sweden that usually consists of a piece of buttered rugbrød (a dense, dark rye bread) topped with commercial or homemade cold cuts, pieces of meat or fish, cheese or spreads, and garnishes.

Aspic
Aspic (/ˈæspɪk/) or meat jelly is a savoury gelatin made with a meat stock or broth, set in a mold to encase other ingredients. These often include pieces of meat, seafood, vegetable, or eggs. Aspic is also sometimes referred to as aspic gelée or aspic jelly. In its simplest form, aspic is essentially a gelatinous version of conventional soup.
Indo-Portuguese creoles
Indo-Portuguese creoles are the several Portuguese creoles spoken in the former Portuguese Indian settlements, Kerala, Fort Bassein, Goa and Damaon, Portuguese Ceylon etc; in present-day India and Sri Lanka. These creoles are now mostly extinct or endangered. They have substantial European Portuguese words in their grammars or lexicons:

Ceylon Portuguese creole (Sri Lanka)

Damaon and Dio Portuguese creole

Kristi language (Chaul Portuguese creole)

Norteiro creole (Bassein) †

Bombay Portuguese creole †

Goa Portuguese creole †

Korlai Portuguese

Cochin Portuguese creole †

Cannanore Portuguese creole

Bengali Portuguese creole †

The expression Indo-Portuguese may refer not only to the creoles but also to the creole people groups of Luso-Indians and Portuguese Burghers, who spoke them on the Indian subcontinent.

Luso-Indian
Luso-Indians are people of mixed Portuguese and Indian descent, as well as those who identify culturally with Portuguese colonial heritage in India. While many have partial European ancestry, others are descendants of Indian converts who adopted Portuguese surnames and customs during the colonial period. The group originated during Portuguese rule in Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and other coastal enclaves, where colonial authorities and missionaries encouraged intermarriage between Portuguese settlers and local communities. Over time, a distinct Indo-Portuguese identity emerged, blending European and Indian elements.
Vescelia
Vescelia is a genus of crickets (Orthoptera: Ensifera) in the family Phalangopsidae, subfamily Phaloriinae, tribe Phaloriini.  Species have been found in: Japan, China, Vietnam, Borneo and the Philippines.

Phalangopsidae
Phalangopsidae, which includes the "spider crickets" and their allies, is a reconstituted (2014) family of crickets (Orthoptera: Ensifera), with the type genus Phalangopsis. Priority for family-group names based on this genus dates from Blanchard's "Phalangopsites".
Edge, Cheshire
Edge is a former civil parish, now in the parishes of No Man's Heath and District and Malpas, in the Cheshire West and Chester district, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, The parish included Edge Hall and Edge Green. The population at the 2011 census was 247. Edge was formerly a township in the parish of Malpas, in 1866 Edge became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2015 the parish was abolished to form "No Man's Heath and District", part of it also went to Malpas.

Edge Hall
Edge Hall is a 9 bedroom, country house located at Hall Lane, Brasseys Contract Road, Edge, Cheshire, SY14 8LE, England. The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. It was the ancestral home of the Dod family from the twelfth  century (if not  earlier) to the early twenty first century. The core of the house dates from about 1600. The main part of the building dates from 1721, and additions have been made from about 1790, and later.  Its architectural style is Jacobean. The house is constructed in brick, standing on stone plinths, and has a slate roof.
Control character
In computing and telecommunications, a control character or non-printing character (NPC) is a code point in a character set that does not represent a written character or symbol. They are used as in-band signaling to cause effects other than the addition of a symbol to the text. All other characters are mainly graphic characters, also known as printing characters (or printable characters), except perhaps for "space" characters. In the ASCII standard there are 33 control characters, such as code 7, BEL, which might ring a bell.

Escape sequence
In computing, an escape sequence is a sequence of characters that has a special semantic meaning based on an established convention that specifies an escape character prefix in addition to the syntax of the rest of the text of a sequence. A convention can define any particular character code as a sequence prefix. Some conventions use a normal, printable character such as backslash (\) or ampersand (&). Others use a non-printable (a.k.a. control) character such as ASCII escape.

Escape sequences date back at least to the 1874 Baudot code.
St Blazey A.F.C.
St Blazey Association Football Club is an English football club based in St Blazey, Cornwall. They compete in the Western League Premier Division. The club was formed in 1896 as a Junior side, attaining Senior status in 1910. St Blazey were a founding member of the South Western League in 1951, which they competed in until 2007 when the league merged with its Devon equivalent, the Devon County League, to form the South West Peninsula League.

The club is recognised as one of the most successful in the county, having won multiple league championships and cup competitions, with their most recent league success coming in the final season of the South Western League in 2007. St Blazey have entered England's most prestigious knockout competition, the FA Cup, in all but one year since 1950. They also enter the FA Vase on a regular basis, having first competed in 1985. The club's traditional colours are green and black. The club's stadium is Blaise Park, which has a capacity of 3,500.

St Blazey
St Blazey or St Blaise (Cornish: Lanndreth) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish has a short section of coastline onto St Austell Bay and includes western parts of Par within its boundaries, including Par Harbour. The parish also includes rural areas to the north-west of the built up area, including the hamlet of Bodelva and the Eden Project, which is located in a former quarry. The western part of the St Blazey built up area is known as St Blazey Gate. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 6,932 and the population of the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics was 6,575.

Once an important engineering centre for the local mine and railway industries, the parish is now dominated by the Eden Project.

St Blazey is situated 3 miles (4.8 km) east of St Austell, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Tywardreath and 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Par.
Pedaeosaurus
Pedaeosaurus is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids. Fossils have been found from the Fremouw Formation in the southern Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. Pedaeosaurus has traditionally been classified as a scaloposaurid and more recently as an ericiolacertid closely related to Ericiolacerta (also from the Fremouw Formation).

Ericiolacertidae
Ericiolacertidae is a family of therocephalian therapsids. The family living in the earliest Triassic after the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Genera are: Ericiolacerta found in the Fremouw Formation of Antarctica and the Normandien Formation of South Africa, Pedaeosaurus found in the Fremouw Formation of Antarctica  and Silphedosuchus, from the Petropavlovka Formation of Russia, east of the Urals. The family is composed of carnivores.
Al Reeves
Al Reeves (May 31, 1864 – February 26, 1940) was an American vaudeville and minstrel show entertainer, vocalist, and banjo player.

Catch phrase: "Give me credit, boys."

He began performing in 1878, and was heavily involved in the burlesque scene. He later toured with his own company, Al Reeves' Specialty Co. and produced his famous "Big Beauty Show" ("99% Girls 99%") which bragged packed houses for twenty years. He was later known as the "King of Burlesque."

Reeves made his only known recordings with Columbia Records and Edison Records from 1891 and 1893, and around the same time had an inadvertent influence on the young Al Jolson's interest in show business.

Vaudeville performers the Griffin Sisters worked for Reeves early in their career.

Griffin Sisters
The Griffin Sisters, Emma (1874–1918) and Mabel (1877–1918) Griffin, were American vaudeville performers in the late 1800s and early  1900s who  became entrepreneurs and social activists and opened one of the first booking agencies owned by Black women.  They publicly spoke out by demanding higher wages and better working conditions for Black performers at a time when discrimination and racism were both common in the entertainment industry.
Gundulić family
The House of Gundulić (known in Italian as Gondola[a]) was a noble family of the Republic of Ragusa, considered one of the most prestigious families of the republic. It had origins in southern Dalmatia and Tyrol. The family´s motto is Tout ou rien ("All or nothing").

Ivan Gundulić
Dživo Franov Gundulić (Italian: Gianfrancesco Gondola; 8 January 1589 – 8 December 1638), better known today as Ivan Gundulić, was the most prominent Ragusan Baroque. He is regarded as the Croatian national poet. His work embodies central characteristics of Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation: religious fervor, insistence on "vanity of this world" and zeal in opposition to "infidels". Gundulić's major works—the epic poem Osman, the pastoral play Dubravka, and the religious poem Tears of the Prodigal Son (based on the Parable of the Prodigal Son)—are examples of Baroque stylistic richness and, frequently, rhetorical excess.
Vilaine
The Vilaine (French pronunciation: [vilɛn] ⓘ; Breton: Gwilen) is a river in Brittany, in the west of France. The river's source is in the Mayenne département (53), and it flows out into the Atlantic Ocean at Pénestin in the Morbihan département (56). It is 218 km long.

Nantes–Brest canal
The Nantes–Brest canal (French: Canal de Nantes à Brest, pronounced [kanal də nɑ̃t a bʁɛst]; Breton: Kanol Naoned-Brest) is a French canal which links the two seaports of Nantes and Brest through inland Brittany. It was built in the early 19th century, and its total length as built was 385 km with 238 locks.
Jan Mayen Microcontinent
The Jan Mayen Microcontinent is a fragment of continental crust within the oceanic part of the western Eurasian Plate lying northeast of Iceland. At the onset of separation between the Greenland and Eurasian plates 55 million years ago, it formed part of the eastern margin of the Greenland Plate. Propagation of a new spreading center from the Reykjanes Ridge separated this microcontinent from the Greenland Plate. For a short period it formed a microplate, until the Aegir Ridge became inactive, after which it formed part of the Eurasian Plate. The island of Jan Mayen is a much younger feature, formed of volcanic rock, built up at the northernmost tip of the microcontinent.

Continental fragment
Continental crustal fragments, partly synonymous with microcontinents, are pieces of continents that have broken off from main continental masses to form distinct islands that are often several hundred kilometers from their place of origin.
Man vs. Machine
Man vs. Machine is the fourth studio album by American rapper Xzibit. It was released on October 1, 2002 through Columbia Records, Loud Records, and Xzibit's Open Bar imprint. Special guests include Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Eminem, M.O.P., Nate Dogg, Anthony Hamilton, and Eddie Griffin. Producers on the album include Rick Rock, Bink, Rockwilder, Erick Sermon, DJ Premier, and Dr. Dre (who was also the executive producer). The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 with over 156,000 copies sold in its first week. Since then album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). To date, it is the last album released by Loud Records.

Loud Records
Loud Records, LLC. (a backronym for Listeners of Urban Dialect) is a record label founded by Steve Rifkind, Joseph Safina, Rich Isaacson in 1991. Rifkind served as the chief executive officer while Isaacson served as the president of the label.

The label signed numerous artists such as Wu-Tang Clan, Davina, Big Pun, Mobb Deep, Prodigy, Krayzie Bone, The Beatnuts, M.O.P., Tha Alkaholiks, Pete Rock, Lil' Flip, Three 6 Mafia, Project Pat, Xzibit, Twista, Dead Prez, The Dwellas, and The X-Ecutioners. The label also released thrash metal band Megadeth's deluxe and remastered debut album Killing Is My Business... And Business Is Good! in 2002.
Citric acid
Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O7. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as acidifier, flavoring, preservative, and chelating agent.

A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solutions and salts of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When citrate trianion is part of a salt, the formula of the citrate trianion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.

Buffer solution
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
2015 Africa Cup of Nations Group A
Group A of the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations was played from 17 January until 25 January in Equatorial Guinea. The group consisted of the hosts Equatorial Guinea, Burkina Faso, Gabon, and Congo. Congo and Equatorial Guinea advanced as group winners and runners-up respectively, while Gabon and Burkina Faso were eliminated.

2015 Africa Cup of Nations Group B
Group B of the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations was played from 18 January until 26 January in Equatorial Guinea. The group consisted of Zambia, Tunisia, Cape Verde, and DR Congo. Tunisia and DR Congo advanced as group winners and runners-up respectively, while Cape Verde and Zambia were eliminated.
Malkhaz Zarkua
Malkhaz Zarkua (Georgian: მალხაზ ზარქუა; born 19 February 1986 in Zugdidi) is a Georgian freestyle wrestler. He competed in the freestyle 60 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics; after defeating Vasyl Fedoryshyn in the 1/8 finals, he was eliminated by Coleman Scott in the quarterfinals.

Coleman Scott
Coleman Scott (born April 19, 1986) is a former American wrestler for Sunkist Kids who won the 2012 U.S. Olympic Trials and a special Championship Series at 60 kg freestyle to qualify to compete at the 2012 Olympics. He won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's freestyle 60 kg category. In 2024, Scott was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.
Aristarkh Lentulov
Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov (Russian: Аристарх Васильевич Лентулов; 16 January [O.S. 4 January] 1882 – 15 April 1943) was a major Russian avant-garde artist of Cubist orientation who also worked on set designs for the theatre.

Russian avant-garde
The Russian avant-garde was a large, influential wave of avant-garde modern art that flourished in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, approximately from 1890 to 1930—although some have placed its beginning as early as 1850 and its end as late as 1960. The term covers many separate, but inextricably related, art movements that flourished at the time; including Suprematism, Constructivism, Russian Futurism, Cubo-Futurism, Zaum, Imaginism, and Neo-primitivism. In Ukraine, many of the artists who were born, grew up or were active in what is now Belarus and Ukraine (including Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Vladimir Tatlin, David Burliuk, Alexander Archipenko), are also classified in the Ukrainian avant-garde.

The Russian avant-garde reached its creative and popular height in the period between the Russian Revolution of 1917 and 1932, at which point the ideas of the avant-garde clashed with the newly emerged state-sponsored direction of Socialist Realism.
Louis K. Meisel
Louis K. Meisel (born 1942 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American author, art dealer and proponent of the photorealist art movement, having coined the term in 1969. He is the owner of one of the earliest art galleries in SoHo, at 141 Prince Street. Meisel is also an important collector of pin-up art.

Photorealism
Photorealism is a genre of art that encompasses painting, drawing and other graphic media, in which an artist studies a photograph and then attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in another medium. Although the term can be used broadly to describe artworks in many different media, it is also used to refer to a specific art movement of American painters that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Welcome to Hell
Welcome to Hell is the debut studio album by English heavy metal band Venom, released in December 1981 through Neat Records.  After various line-up changes and recording several demo tapes in Impulse Studios, Venom gained success and attention with the single "In League with Satan", their dark, satanic image and their fast, raw sound. The band re-recorded all of the demos' songs, which Neat Records released as an album.

Released during the peak of new wave of British heavy metal movement, Welcome to Hell was initially panned by critics, but later became recognised as an album seminal to the development of the then-nascent extreme metal scene and one of the most influential metal albums of all time. The album was re-released by Sanctuary Records in 2002.

Jeffrey Dunn
Jeffrey "Mantas" Dunn (born 22 April 1961) is a British guitarist who was one of the founding members of the heavy metal band Venom, with which he played as a guitarist from 1979 to 1985 and 1989 to 2002. From 2015 to 2024, he played in Venom Inc. alongside fellow former Venom member Tony Dolan. Dunn's stage name inspired the name of the embryonic Florida death metal band Mantas, which later splintered into Death and Massacre.
Jefferson City, Tennessee
Jefferson City (originally named Mossy Creek) is a city in Jefferson County, Tennessee, United States. It is part of the Morristown Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,419.

Morristown metropolitan area
The Morristown Metropolitan Statistical Area, commonly known as the Lakeway Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties - Hamblen, and Jefferson - in eastern Tennessee, anchored by the city of Morristown. Grainger County was formerly part of both the Knoxville and Morristown Metropolitans until 2023. Including Grainger County, the 2020 census showed that the MSA had a population of 142,709.

The MSA is also a component of the Knoxville-Morristown-Sevierville Combined Statistical Area.

The metropolitan area formerly included Grainger County until it was removed in 2023 and added to the Knoxville MSA.
Oculomotor nerve
The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve, cranial nerve III, or simply CN III,  is a cranial nerve that enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and innervates extraocular muscles that enable most movements of the eye and that raise the eyelid.  The nerve also contains fibers that innervate the intrinsic eye muscles that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation (ability to focus on near objects as in reading). The oculomotor nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic midbrain. Cranial nerves IV and VI also participate in control of eye movement.

Ciliary ganglion
The ciliary ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located just behind the eye in the posterior orbit.  It is 1–2 mm in diameter and in humans contains approximately 2,500 neurons. The ganglion contains postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. These neurons supply the pupillary sphincter muscle, which constricts the pupil, and the ciliary muscle which contracts to make the lens more convex. Both of these muscles are involuntary since they are controlled by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

The ciliary ganglion is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head. The others are the submandibular ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and otic ganglion.
The Last Generation of the Roman Republic
The Last Generation of the Roman Republic (1974) is a scholarly work by Erich S. Gruen on the end of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.

The central argument of the work is that the Late Roman Republic can be characterised by the strength and continuity of its institutions, rather than by their gradual disintegration. The latter view, first presented in Ronald Syme's influential The Roman Revolution (1939),  was popularly accepted prior to Gruen's The Last Generation, and this work is often considered a reply to Syme.

The Roman Revolution
The Roman Revolution (1939) is a scholarly study of the final years of the ancient Roman Republic and the creation of the Roman Empire by Caesar Augustus. The book was the work of Sir Ronald Syme (1903–1989), a noted Tacitean scholar, and was published by the Oxford University Press. It was immediately controversial.