hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Armavir constituency
The Armavir constituency (No.52) is a Russian legislative constituency in Krasnodar Krai. The constituency covers southeastern Krasnodar Krai.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Andrey Doroshenko, a transportation businessman, who won the open seat, succeeding seven-term Communist incumbent Nikolay Kharitonov after the latter decided to successfully seek re-election only through proportional representation.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Klos (municipality)
Klos (Albanian definite form: Klosi) is a town and a municipality in Dibër County, northern center Albania. It was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Gurrë, Klos, Suç and Xibër, that became municipal units. The seat of the municipality is the town Klos. The total population is 16,618 (2011 census), in a total area of 357.72 km2. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 7,873. Klos lies 28.5 kilometers (17¾ mi) from Tirana and 14 kilometers (9 mi) from Burrel.

Suç
Suç is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Klos. The population at the 2011 census was 2,716.
Malmøykalven
Malmøykalven is an island in the Oslofjord in Oslo, Norway. It has an area of 98,000 m2, and is located west of the island of Malmøya, separated from Malmøya by a narrow strait. Malmøykalven is included in the Malmøya og Malmøykalven Nature Reserve, which was established in 2008.

Malmøya
Malmøya is an island 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of Oslo Central Station.  Oslo, the capital of Norway. The island is mostly known for its large quantities of fossils from the Cambro-Silurian period and its rare flowers.
The name Malmøya is derived from 'malm', or 'ore', due to the extensive amount found on the island.
Football at the 2019 Pacific Games
Football at the 2019 Pacific Games was held on 8–20 July in Apia in Samoa.

In the men's football tournament, the gold medal was won by New Zealand's under-23 team.

The women's tournament was won by Papua New Guinea, the country's fifth successive gold medal in women's football – Papua New Guinea have won every edition of the event since it began at the Pacific Games in 2003. The silver medal was the first ever honour for the Samoa women's national football team.

Football at the 2019 Pacific Games – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2019 Pacific Games was held from 8 to 20 July 2019. It was the 15th edition of the men's Pacific Games football tournament. Together with the women's competition, all matches were played at the J.S. Blatter Stadium in Apia, Samoa.

Unlike the men's football competition at the 2015 Pacific Games where only under-23 athletes were eligible to compete, this tournament was not age-restricted and thus was open to senior men's national teams. However, New Zealand was the only team to field an under-23 side.
Ballad stanza
In poetry, a ballad stanza is a type of a four-line stanza, known as a quatrain, most often found in the folk ballad. The ballad stanza consists of a total of four lines, with the first and third lines written in the iambic tetrameter and the second and fourth lines written in the iambic trimeter with a rhyme scheme of ABCB. Assonance in place of rhyme is common. Samuel Taylor Coleridge adopted the ballad stanza in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

All in a hot and copper sky!

The bloody Sun, at noon,

Right up above the mast did stand,

No bigger than the Moon.
Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, lines 111 – 114

The longer first and third lines are rarely rhymed, although at times poets may use internal rhyme in these lines.

In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud,

It perched for vespers nine;

Whiles all the night, through fog-smoke white,

While the creatures crooned
Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, lines 75 – 78

Rhyme scheme
A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song. It is usually referred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhyme; lines designated with the same letter all rhyme with each other.

An example of the ABAB rhyming scheme, from "To Anthea, who may Command him Anything", by Robert Herrick:
Juan José Arreola
Juan José Arreola Zúñiga (September 21, 1918 – December 3, 2001) was a Mexican writer, academic, and actor. He is considered Mexico's premier experimental short story writer of the 20th century. Arreola is recognized as one of the first Latin American writers to abandon realism; he used elements of fantasy to underscore existentialist and absurdist ideas in his work. Although he is little known outside Mexico, Arreola has served as the literary inspiration for a legion of Mexican writers who have sought to transform their country's realistic literary tradition by introducing elements of magical realism, satire, and allegory. Alongside Jorge Luis Borges, he is considered one of the masters of the hybrid subgenre of the essay-story. Arreola is primarily known for his short stories and he only published one novel, La feria (The Fair; 1963).

Xavier Villaurrutia Award
The Xavier Villaurrutia Award (Premio Xavier Villaurrutia) is a prestigious literary prize given in Mexico, to a Latin American writer published in Mexico. Founded in 1955, it was named in memory of Xavier Villaurrutia.

Its jury is composed of previously awarded writers. Sometimes, it is not awarded for a specific work, but for an individual's body of work.

Multiple awards have been given in some years, specially between 1972 and 1992. No award was made in 1968, when it was suspended in protest for the imprisonment of José Revueltas, who had won the award in 1967. It wasn't given in 1969 since Elena Poniatowska rejected the award in protest for the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.
740 Naval Air Squadron
740 Naval Air Squadron (740 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It was initially active between May and August in 1943, formed as an Observer Training Squadron at HMS Condor, RNAS Arbroath, Angus, Scotland. From December 1943 to September 1945 it was a Communications Squadron formed at and operated from HMS Landrail, at RNAS Machrihanish, Argyll and Bute, Scotland.

Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing
The Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing is an American biplane with an atypical negative wing stagger (the lower wing is farther forward than the upper wing). It first flew in 1932, and was sold on the civilian market, being used for transport and air racing. During World War II, it was used by allied forces, and after the war continued in civilian production until 1949, with 785 having been produced.
Mossley Hall
Mossley Hall, formerly known as Mossley Town Hall, is a former municipal building in Stamford Road, Mossley, a town in Greater Manchester in England. The building, which served as the offices and meeting place of Mossley Borough Council, is a grade II listed building.

Mossley
Mossley (/ˈmɒzli/) is a town and civil parish in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, in the upper Tame Valley and the foothills of the Pennines, 3 miles (4.8 km) south-east of Oldham and 9 miles (14.5 km) east of Manchester.

The town grew up straddling the three historic counties of Lancashire, Cheshire and Yorkshire. It was placed entirely in Lancashire in 1889, and became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. At the 2021 census, the built-up area had a population of 11,410 and the parish population was 11,557.
Bean dip
Bean dip is a type of dipping sauce made using beans or refried beans as a primary ingredient. It is typically served with tortilla chips, and can also be served with other foods such as crackers and crudités. Various types of beans are used, and fresh-cooked, canned or flaked beans can be used. Various additional ingredients are used in its preparation, such as onion, garlic, chili peppers and spices, and it is sometimes garnished with some ingredients. Bean dip can be served cold, at room temperature, or hot. Bean dip is sometimes used as an ingredient in the preparation of other dishes such as burritos and quesadillas.

Dipping sauce
A dip or dipping sauce is a common condiment for many types of food. Dips are used to add flavor or texture to a food, such as pita bread, dumplings, crackers, chopped raw vegetables, fruits, seafood, cubed pieces of meat and cheese, potato chips, tortilla chips, falafel, and sometimes even whole sandwiches in the case of jus. Unlike other sauces, instead of applying the sauce to the food, the food is typically placed or dipped into the sauce.

Dips are commonly used for finger foods, appetisers, and other food types. Thick dips based on sour cream, crème fraîche, milk, yogurt, mayonnaise, soft cheese, or beans are a staple of American hors d'oeuvres and are lighter than spreads, which can be thinned to make dips.

Dips in various forms are eaten all over the world and people have been using sauces for dipping for thousands of years.
Rancho Laguna de la Merced
Rancho Laguna de la Merced (also known as the Galindo ranch) was a 2,219-acre (8.98 km2) Mexican land grant, in present-day southwestern San Francisco and northwestern San Mateo County, California.

It was given in 1835 by Governor José Castro to José Antonio Galindo.

The grant encompassed the area around Lake Merced in San Francisco and the present day Daly City neighborhoods of Westlake, and Serramonte.

Daly City, California
Daly City (/ˈdeɪli/) is the second-most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, and immediately south of San Francisco (sharing its northern border with almost all of San Francisco's southern border), it is named for businessman and landowner John Donald Daly.  Its population was 104,901 at the 2020 census. The racial makeup of Daly City was 57.3% Asian, 11.7% non-Hispanic White, and 23.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race in the 2020 census. Notably, 33.2% of the population of Daly City is Filipino.
Joseph Carroll (general)
Lieutenant General Joseph Francis Carroll (March 19, 1910 – January 20, 1991) was the founding director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the first commander of the U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI or OSI).

James Carroll (author)
James Carroll (born January 22, 1943) is an American author, historian, journalist, and former Catholic priest. He has written extensively about the contemporary effort to reform the Catholic Church, and has published not only novels, but also books on religion and history. He has received nine honorary doctorates, and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Second Battle of Kernstown
The Second Battle of Kernstown was fought on July 24, 1864, at Kernstown, Virginia, outside Winchester, Virginia, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. The Confederate Army of the Valley under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early soundly defeated the Union Army of West Virginia under Brig. Gen. George Crook and drove it from the Shenandoah Valley back over the Potomac River into Maryland. As a result, Early was able to launch the Confederacy's last major raid into northern Union territory, attacking the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in Maryland and West Virginia and burning Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in retaliation for the burning of civilian houses and farms earlier in the campaign.

Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is the northernmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. As of 2020 United States census, the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia, which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.
Wancho script
Wancho script is an alphabet created between 2001 and 2012 by middle school teacher Banwang Losu in Longding district, Arunachal Pradesh for writing the Wancho language.  Letters represent consonants and vowels.
Conjunct consonants are not used.
Tone is indicated with diacritical marks on vowel letters.

While Wancho script is taught in some schools, the Wancho language is generally written in either Devanagari script or the Latin alphabet.

Wancho language
Wancho (वांचो‎) is a Konyak language of north-eastern India. Wancho is spoken in 36 villages of southeastern Longding district, Tirap district, Arunachal Pradesh, as well as in Assam and Nagaland (Ethnologue). Alternate names include 
Banpara Naga, Joboka, Jokoba.
Dibble Iceberg Tongue
Dibble Iceberg Tongue (65°30′S 135°0′E﻿ / ﻿65.500°S 135.000°E﻿ / -65.500; 135.000) is an iceberg tongue at the seaward end of Dibble Glacier Tongue. The names Dibble Glacier and Dibble Glacier Tongue were applied by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1955, concurrent with G.D. Blodgett's delineation of the features from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47). The offshore segment of these two related features was photographed by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1956 and 1959, and the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia subsequently recommended that it be named Dibble Iceberg Tongue. US-ACAN has approved the latter name only for the portion lying seaward of Dibble Glacier Tongue.

Dibble Glacier
Dibble Glacier in Antarctica is a prominent channel glacier flowing from the continental ice and terminating in a prominent tongue at the east side of Davis Bay. Primarily directed to the east of the Dibble Basin, the ice flow is fast, showing recent loss of ~2.4 Gt/year. The glacier connects to the Dibble Iceberg Tongue extending across the entire continental shelf, and holds ~12cm of sea-level equivalent.

Dibble glacier was delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47) and covers an area of ~36,500 km2. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Jonas Dibble, ship's carpenter on the sloop Peacock of the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–42) under Charles Wilkes. Dibble is credited with leaving his sick bed and working 24 hours without relief with other carpenters to repair a broken rudder on the Peacock, when the ship was partially crushed in an ice bay in 151°19′E and forced to retire northward.
Commercial Tribunal (Belgium)
The Business Court (Dutch: Ondernemingsrechtbank, French: Tribunal de l’entreprise, German: Unternehmensgericht) in Belgium is a court which deals with commercial litigation that exceeds the competence of the Justice of the Peace and hears appeals against the decisions of the Justice of the Peace in commercial cases. It is not a division of the Court of First Instance because commercial law is not a branch of civil law in Belgium. There is a Commercial Court in each judicial arrondissement of Belgium.

Before 1 November 2018, the court was named the Commercial Court (Dutch: Rechtbank van koophandel, French: Tribunal de commerce and German: Handelsgericht).

Business court
Business courts, sometimes referred to as commercial courts, are specialized courts for legal cases involving commercial law, internal business disputes, and other matters affecting businesses. In the US, they are trial courts that primarily or exclusively adjudicate internal business disputes and/or commercial litigation between businesses, heard before specialist judges assigned to these courts. Commercial courts outside the United States may have broader or narrower jurisdiction than state trial level business and commercial courts within the United States, for example patent or admiralty jurisdiction; and jurisdiction may vary between countries. Business courts may be further specialized, as in those that decide technology disputes and those that weigh appeals. Alternative dispute resolution and arbitration have connections to business courts.
Gutenberg an der Raabklamm
Gutenberg an der Raabklamm is a former municipality in the district of Weiz in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Gutenberg-Stenzengreith.

Gutenberg, Styria
Gutenberg is a municipality since 2015 in the Weiz District of Styria, Austria. It was created as part of the Styria municipal structural reform, at the end of 2014, by merging the former towns of Gutenberg an der Raabklamm and Stenzengreith and named Gutenberg-Stenzengreith until May 2023.
Henry Sewall
Henry Sewall (1544 – 1628) was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1622.

Sewall was the son of Sir William Sewall of Coventry and his wife Matilda Home. He became a linen draper in Coventry and acquired a great estate. In 1587 he became mayor of Coventry. He was mayor of Coventry again in 1606. In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Coventry.

Sewall died in Coventry at the age of about 84 and was buried in the Draper's Chapel of St Michael's Church.

Sewall married Margaret Grazebrook, daughter of Avery Grazebrook, and had sons Henry and Richard. She made her will in May 1628 which was proved on 16 June 1632. Their great grandson was Samuel Sewall.

Samuel Sewall
Samuel Sewall (/ˈsjuːəl/; March 28, 1652 – January 1, 1730) was a judge, businessman, and printer in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, best known for his involvement in the Salem witch trials, for which he later apologized, and his essay The Selling of Joseph (1700), which criticized slavery. He served for many years as the chief justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature, the province's high court.
Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
Manuel Rodríguez Orellana (born March 7, 1948, in Puerto Rico) is a legal scholar, lawyer, lecturer, columnist, published poet and political leader of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement. He is the son of former Dean of the University of Puerto Rico School of Law (1944–1960), Manuel Rodríguez Ramos.

Puerto Rican Independence Party
The Puerto Rican Independence Party (Spanish: Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño, PIP) is a social-democratic political party in Puerto Rico that campaigns for the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States.

Those who follow the PIP ideology are usually called independentistas, pipiolos or pro-independence activists.
Scuola Italiana Italo Calvino
The Scuola italiana "Italo Calvino" ("Italo Calvino Italian School"; Russian: Итальянская школа имени Итало Кальвино) is the only Italian curriculum school in Russia. It has two campuses in Moscow.

Its primary, secondary, and liceo linguistico levels are in one location, the second floor of a campus shared with the Swedish School in Moscow, the Moscow Finnish School, and the Moscow Japanese School. This campus is in Lomonosovsky District, South-Western Administrative Okrug.

The scuola materna is in a separate location.

Italo Calvino
Italo Calvino (/kælˈviːnoʊ/, also US: /kɑːlˈ-/; Italian: [ˈiːtalo kalˈviːno]; 15 October 1923 – 19 September 1985) was an Italian novelist and short story writer. His best-known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952–1959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and If on a winter's night a traveler (1979).

Admired in Britain, Australia and the United States, Calvino was the most translated contemporary Italian writer at the time of his death. He is buried in the garden cemetery of Castiglione della Pescaia in Tuscany.
Johannes Tapissier
Johannes Tapissier (also Jean Tapissier, Jean de Noyers) (c. 1370 – 1408 to 1410) was a French composer and teacher of the late Middle Ages, in the period transitional to the Renaissance style. He was one of the first members of the Burgundian School, the group of composers associated with the Dukes of Burgundy, and from which the Franco-Flemish style developed.

Burgundian School
The Burgundian School was a group of composers active in the 15th century in what is now northern and eastern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, centered on the court of the Dukes of Burgundy. The school inaugurated the music of Burgundy.

The main names associated with this school are Guillaume Dufay, Gilles Binchois, Antoine Busnois and (as an influence), the English composer John Dunstaple. The Burgundian School was the first phase of activity of the Franco-Flemish School, the central musical practice of the Renaissance in Europe.
Notiocampus
Notiocampus ruber, known commonly as the red pipefish, is a species of pipefish endemic to the Indian Ocean waters along the southern coast of Australia and Tasmania. It occurs at depths from 5 to 20 m (16 to 66 ft) over the continental shelf.  This species grows to a length of 16.4 cm (6.5 in).  This species is the only known member of its genus.

Pipefish
Pipefishes or  pipe-fishes (Syngnathinae) are a subfamily of small fishes, which, together with the seahorses and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx), form the family Syngnathidae. The name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the subfamily's species have in common.
Visakhapatnam Refinery
Visakhapatnam Refinery (officially: Visakh Refinery) is one of the two oil refineries of HPCL in India, the other being Mumbai Refinery. This was one of the first major industries of Visakhapatnam and first oil refinery on the East Coast. After the nationalisation, HPCL has transformed itself into a mega Public Sector Undertaking and it is second largest integrated oil company in India.

Hindustan Petroleum
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is an Indian public sector undertaking in petroleum and natural gas industry, headquartered in Mumbai. It is a subsidiary of the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), which is owned by the Government of India and under the administration of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.

Since 2018, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation has owned majority of its stake. It is ranked 367th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2016. On 24 October 2019, it became a Maharatna (PSU).
Palace of Aachen
50°46′32″N 6°05′02″E﻿ / ﻿50.77556°N 6.08389°E﻿ / 50.77556; 6.08389

The Palace of Aachen was a group of buildings with residential, political, and religious purposes chosen by Charlemagne to be the center of power of the Carolingian Empire. The palace was located in the heart of the current city of Aachen, today in the German Land (or state)  of North Rhine-Westphalia. Most of the Carolingian palace was built in the 790s but the works went on until Charlemagne's death in 814. The plans, drawn by Odo of Metz, were part of the program of renovation of the kingdom decided by the ruler. The Palatine Chapel that was part of the palace complex has been preserved and is considered a masterpiece of Carolingian architecture and a characteristic example of architecture from the Carolingian Renaissance. Also, the foundations and lower walls of the Aula Regia (council hall) are preserved in the current town hall as are the first three stories of its square tower (so-called Granus Tower).

Einhard
Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart; Latin: E(g)inhardus; c. 775 – 14 March 840) was a Frankish scholar and courtier. Einhard was a dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main work is a biography of Charlemagne, the Vita Karoli Magni, "one of the most precious literary bequests of the early Middle Ages".