hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skyland, North Carolina
Skyland is an unincorporated community in Buncombe County, North Carolina, United States. It is on U.S. Route 25, where North Carolina Highway 146 starts, east of Interstate 26. It is north of Royal Pines, south of Biltmore Forest, and a suburb of Asheville.  The ZIP Code for Skyland is 28776.

Buncombe County, North Carolina
Buncombe County (/ˈbʌŋkəm/ BUNK-um) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is classified within Western North Carolina. The 2020 census reported the population was 269,452, making it the 7th-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Asheville. Buncombe County is part of the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
The Socialist Unity Centre of India (SUCI), officially known as the Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) (SUCI(C)) and formerly known as Socialist Unity Centre (SUC), is an anti-capitalist and social conservative political party in India. The party was founded by Shibdas Ghosh and Nihar Mukherjee in 1948.

Provash Ghosh
Provash Ghosh is the  General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) [SUCI(C)]. He was elected to the position by the central committee of the party on 4 March 2010 following the death of Nihar Mukherjee who was elected to the office by the second party congress of the SUCI(C) in January 2009. As per the constitution of the party, the central committee can elect the General Secretary within the Congress, if the elected general secretary dies. 
Provash Ghosh was elected to the party politburo during the second party congress.
Dennis Dominic Adjei
Sir Dennis Dominic Adjei JSC, FGA is a Ghanaian jurist and an active justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana. Prior to his appointment to the Supreme Court bench, he served as a Justice of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights and a Justice of the Appeal Court of Ghana. He was a member of the nine-member Advisory Committee of the International Criminal Court. He is also a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected on 5 December 2019.

Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration
The Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA)  is a public co-educational university spread over four campuses (Accra, Tema, Kumasi and Takoradi) and made up of six schools, ten research centers located at Greenhill in Accra, Ghana.

The location of GIMPA, Greenhill, was named by Nicholas T. Clerk (1930 – 2012) who served as the Rector of the institute from 1977 to 1982. The name, "Greenhill", is a reference to the lush greenery and hilly topography of the main campus, as well as its location in Legon which was historically on the periphery of the Ghanaian capital, Accra. Together with 200 state institutions, GIMPA successfully participated in a Public Sector Reform Programme under the auspices of the World Bank and became a self-financing institution as part of the National Institutional Reform Programme in 2001.
2015 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl
The 2015 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on December 22, 2015 at Albertsons Stadium on the campus of Boise State University in Boise, Idaho. It was one of the 2015–16 bowl games that concluded the 2015 FBS football season. The nineteenth annual Famous Idaho Potato Bowl pitted the Akron Zips of the Mid-American Conference against the Utah State Aggies of the Mountain West Conference. The game started at 1:30 p.m. MST and aired on ESPN.  The game is sponsored by the Idaho Potato Commission.

It is most notable for being the first bowl game victory in school history for Akron.

2015 Utah State Aggies football team
The 2015 Utah State Aggies football team represented Utah State University in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Aggies were led by third-year head coach Matt Wells and played their home games at Merlin Olsen Field at Maverik Stadium. This was Utah State's third season as members of the Mountain West Conference in the Mountain Division. They finished the season 6–7, 5–3 in Mountain West play to finish in a four-way tie for second place in the Mountain Division. They were invited to the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl where they lost to Akron.
Kalam language
Kalam is a Kalam language of Papua New Guinea. It is closely related to Kobon, and shares many of the features of that language. Kalam is spoken in Middle Ramu District of Madang Province and in Mount Hagen District of Western Highlands Province.

Thanks to decades of studies by anthropologists such as Ralph Bulmer and others, Kalam is one of the best-studied Trans-New Guinea languages to date.

Andrew Pawley
Andrew Kenneth Pawley FRSNZ, FAHA (born 1941 in Sydney) is an Australian–New Zealand linguist and Emeritus Professor at the School of Culture, History and Language of the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University.
Kossou
Kossou is a town in central Ivory Coast. Since 2013, it has been one of two sub-prefectures of Yamoussoukro Department, Yamoussoukro Autonomous District. The town is named after nearby Lake Kossou.

Kossou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Villages in the sub-prefecture include Zatta.

Yamoussoukro
Yamoussoukro (/ˌjæmʊˈsuːkroʊ/; French pronunciation: [jamusukʁo] ⓘ, locally [jamsokʁo]) is the capital city of Ivory Coast and an autonomous district. As of the 2014 census, Yamoussoukro is the fifth most populous city in the Ivory Coast, with a population of 212,670. Located 240 kilometers (150 mi) north-west of Abidjan, the district of Yamoussoukro covers 2,075 square kilometers (801 sq mi) among rolling hills and plains.

Yamoussoukro became the legal capital of Ivory Coast in 1983, although the former capital Abidjan retains several political functions. Prior to 2011, what is now the district of Yamoussoukro was part of Lacs Region. The district was created in 2011 and is split into the departments of Attiégouakro and Yamoussoukro. In total, the district contains 169 settlements. Yamoussoukro is a sub-prefecture in Yamoussoukro Department and is also a commune: since 2012, the city of Yamoussoukro has been the sole commune in the autonomous district of Yamoussoukro.
San Casciano dei Bagni
San Casciano dei Bagni is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Siena in the Italian region of Tuscany, located about 110 km (68 mi) southeast of Florence and about 70 km (43 mi) southeast of Siena. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).

Camille Jordan
Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan (French: [ʒɔʁdɑ̃]; 5 January 1838 – 22 January 1922) was a French mathematician, known both for his foundational work in group theory and for his textbook Cours d'analyse de l'École polytechnique.
8th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 8th Armoured Brigade was an armoured brigade of the British Army formed in August 1941, during the Second World War and active until 1956. The brigade was formed by the renaming of 6th Cavalry Brigade, when the 1st Cavalry Division based in Palestine (of which it was part) converted from a motorised formation (having been horse-mounted until January 1940) to an armoured unit, becoming 10th Armoured Division.

43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division
The 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division was an infantry division of Britain's Territorial Army (TA). The division was first formed in 1908, as the Wessex Division. During the First World War, it was broken-up and never served as a complete formation. It was reformed in the TA in 1920, and then served in the campaign in North West Europe from June 1944 until May 1945, during the Second World War. The division suffered heavy casualties and gained an excellent reputation. After the Second World War, the division formed part of the postwar TA, and became the 43rd (Wessex) Division/District in 1961. It was finally disbanded in 1967.
Western Congolian swamp forests
The Western Congolian swamp forests (French: Forêts marécageuses de l'ouest du Congo) are an ecoregion of the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining Central African Republic. Together with the adjacent Eastern Congolian swamp forests, it forms one of the largest continuous areas of freshwater swamp forest in the world. It is a flooded forest with a high canopy, dense undergrowth and has a muddy floor. It has not been disturbed very much by outside influences and so remains largely pristine as getting through this forest is said to be "almost impossible".

Freshwater swamp forest
Freshwater swamp forests, or flooded forests, are forests which are inundated with freshwater, either permanently or seasonally. They normally occur along the lower reaches of rivers and around freshwater lakes. Freshwater swamp forests are found in a range of climate zones, from boreal through temperate and subtropical to tropical.
Tridente-class submarine
The Tridente-class submarines, also designated as U 209PN, are diesel-electric submarines based on the Type 214 submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW) for the Portuguese Navy.

This class of submarines was acquired by Portugal to replace the previous submarines of the Albacora class, then being operated by the navy. Originally, HDW proposed the Type 209 submarine (U-209) during the competition, but decided to later enter a new proposal based on the Type 214. It is for this reason that the Tridente class is commonly designated as the U 209PN.

The class and its ships are the first to not be named after marine animals, thus breaking a tradition retracing back to 1913, when the first submarine entered service with the Portuguese Navy.

Type 209 submarine
The Type 209 (German: U-Boot-Klasse 209) is a range of diesel-electric attack submarines developed exclusively for export by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany. Five class variants (Types 209/1100, 209/1200, 209/1300, 209/1400 and 209/1500), including modifications thereof, have been successfully exported to 15 countries, with 68 submarines being built and commissioned to five variants between 1971 and 2021. More boats have been built to modified designs.

The original variant, the Type 209/1100, was designed in the late 1960s with Greece becoming its first adopter. Turkey is the largest adopter, having purchased 14 submarines consisting of eight Type 209/1400 and six Type 209/1200 submarines. A non-specific variant was adopted by Israel as its first Dolphin class. The Type 209 family is the most widely proliferated submarine in Latin America, having been adopted by seven countries.
Empress Of
Lorely Rodriguez (born October 19, 1989),  known professionally as Empress Of, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer based in Los Angeles, California.

To date, she has released four studio albums; her critically acclaimed debut, Me (2015), Us (2018), I'm Your Empress Of (2020) via XL Recordings and Terrible Records and For Your Consideration (2024), jointly through her own independent imprint, Major Arcana and American independent label, Giant Music.

Over the course of her career, Rodriguez has toured and collaborated with the likes of Dev Hynes, Jim-E Stack, Lorde, Rina Sawayama, Carly Rae Jepsen, Caroline Polachek, Maggie Rogers, Amber Mark and performed internationally at a series of high-profile music festivals, such as Pitchfork Music Festival, Outside Lands, Corona Capital, Primavera Sound and Capitol Hill Block Party.

Save Me (Empress Of EP)
Save Me is the third EP by Honduran-American singer-songwriter and producer, Empress Of released June 24, 2022 via her independent label, Major Arcana. The EP was preceded by three singles, Save Me, Dance For You and Turn the Table with Jim-E Stack released April 8, May 25, and June 23, 2022, respectively.
Fordyce, Aberdeenshire
Fordyce /fɔːrˈdaɪs/ is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland that is slightly inland from the point where the Burn of Fordyce meets the sea between Cullen and Portsoy. It has existed since at least the 13th century. In 1990, Charles McKean wrote that Fordyce was "a sheer delight to discover, concealed as it is from the passing eye by hills and rolling countryside".

The Kirkton of Fordyce was erected into a Burgh of Barony in 1499 by Bishop William Elphinstone of Aberdeen.

Fordyce Parish Church, a fair distance from the village centre, dates to 1804. Its predecessor, St Talorgan Parish Church, has a belfry dating to 1661.

Portsoy
Portsoy (Scottish Gaelic: Port Saoidh) is a small town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Historically, Portsoy was in Banffshire until 1975. The original name may come from Port Saoithe, meaning "saithe harbour". Portsoy is located on the Moray Firth coast of northeast Scotland, 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Aberdeen and 65 miles (105 km) east of Inverness. It had a population of 1,752 at the time of the 2011 census.
Tear down this wall!
On June 12, 1987, at the Brandenburg Gate, then-United States president Ronald Reagan delivered a speech commonly known by a key line from the middle part: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" Reagan called for Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to open the Berlin Wall, which had encircled West Berlin since 1961.

The following day, The New York Times carried Reagan’s picture on the front page, below the title "Reagan Calls on Gorbachev to Tear Down the Berlin Wall". In the post-Cold War era, it was often seen as one of the most memorable performances of an American president in Berlin after John F. Kennedy's 1963 speech "Ich bin ein Berliner". Reagan's speech was written by Peter Robinson.

John C. Kornblum
John Christian Kornblum (February 6, 1943 – December 21, 2023) was an American diplomat and businessman. He entered the American Foreign Service in 1964. Over the next 35 years, he served at the State Department in Washington D.C. and in Europe, eventually becoming Ambassador to Germany. From 2001 onward, he established himself as an investment banker and international business consultant.

Kornblum was considered a leading expert on transatlantic economic and political affairs and on the evolving role of the Atlantic community in a multipolar world. He lectured and wrote widely in both German and English and was known especially for his press and television commentaries on the implications of globalization on both sides of the Atlantic.
People's Olympiad
The People's Olympiad (Catalan: Olimpíada Popular, Spanish: Olimpiada Popular) was a planned international multi-sport event that was intended to take place in 1936 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spanish Republic. It was conceived as an anti-fascist protest event against the 1936 Summer Olympics being held in Berlin, which was then under control of the Nazi Party.

Despite gaining support from some athletes, and most significantly the Soviet Union and the Communist International organization, the People's Olympiad was never held, as a result of the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Fifty-six years later, Barcelona hosted the 1992 Summer Olympics.

The People's Olympiad was the first ever global attempt to boycott a modern Olympics.

Spartakiad
The Spartakiad (or Spartakiade) was an international sports event that was sponsored by the Soviet Union. Five international Spartakiades were held from 1928 to 1937. Later Spartakiads were organized as national sport events of the Eastern Bloc countries. The games were organised by Red Sport International.
Los Angeles's 4th City Council district
Los Angeles's 4th City Council district is one of the fifteen districts in the Los Angeles City Council. It is currently represented by Democrat Nithya Raman since 2020 after she defeated David Ryu in that year's election. The district is situated in Central Los Angeles, the southern San Fernando Valley, and eastern Santa Monica Mountains.

The district was created in 1925 after a new city charter was passed, which replaced the former at-large voting system for a nine-member council with a district system with a 15-member council. In 2021, redistricting processes reshaped the district into its current state, encompassing notable Los Angeles locations like Griffith Park, the Hollywood Bowl, and the Hollywood Sign.

Studio City, Los Angeles
Studio City is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, United States, in the southeast San Fernando Valley, just west of the Cahuenga Pass. It is named after the studio lot that was established in the area by film producer Mack Sennett in 1927, now known as Radford Studio Center.
Wellington—Dufferin—Simcoe
Wellington—Dufferin—Simcoe was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1988. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1976 as Dufferin—Wellington and renamed in 1977. It was created from parts of Halton, Peel—Dufferin—Simcoe and Wellington—Grey—Dufferin—Waterloo ridings.

It consisted of the County of Dufferin, the Townships of Adjala and Tosorontio and the Town of Alliston in the County of Simcoe, and Townships of Arthur, Erin, Maryborough, Minto, Nichol, Peel, West Garafraxa and West Luther, including the Towns of Mount Forest and Palmerston in the County of Wellington.

The electoral district was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed between Guelph—Wellington, Perth—Wellington—Waterloo, Simcoe Centre, Wellington—Grey—Dufferin—Simcoe and York—Simcoe ridings.

Wellington—Grey—Dufferin—Simcoe
Wellington—Grey—Dufferin—Simcoe was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1997. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1987 from parts of Bruce—Grey, Grey—Simcoe and Wellington—Dufferin—Simcoe ridings.

The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was re-distributed between Dufferin—Peel—Wellington—Grey, Simcoe—Grey and Waterloo—Wellington ridings.

Wellington—Grey—Dufferin—Simcoe consisted of the County of Dufferin; the Town of Thornbury, the Village of Dundalk and the townships of Collingwood, Egremont, Osprey and Proton in the County of Grey; the towns of Collingwood and Stayner, the Village of Creemore and the Township of Nottawasaga in the County of Simcoe; and the towns of Fergus, Harriston, Mount Forest and Palmerston, the villages of Arthur, Clifford and Elora, and the townships of Arthur, Minto, Nichol, West Garafraxa and West Luther in the County of Wellington.
Sperry, Iowa
Sperry is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in central Des Moines County, Iowa, United States.  It lies along local roads north of the city of Burlington, the county seat of Des Moines County.  Its elevation is 751 feet (229 m).  Although Sperry is unincorporated, it has a post office with the ZIP code of 52650, which opened on 5 February 1870.

The community is part of the Burlington, IA–IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Des Moines County, Iowa
Des Moines County is located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,910, and was estimated to be 38,411 in 2024. The county seat and largest city is Burlington. It is one of Iowa's two original counties along with Dubuque County; both were organized by the Michigan Territorial legislature in 1834. Des Moines County is part of the Burlington micropolitan statistical area.

Des Moines County sits on Iowa's eastern border alongside the Mississippi River. The city of Des Moines is in Polk County in central Iowa. Both places derive their name from the Des Moines River, which flows through the city of Des Moines and originally flowed through the county. When the county was divided early in Iowa's history, the river ended up further west, forming the border between Lee County, Iowa and the state of Missouri.
Parsonstown, County Westmeath
Parsonstown is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 7.71 kilometres (5 mi) north–north–east of Mullingar.

Parsonstown is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Tyfarnham in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 412.39 acres (1.6689 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Martinstown to the north, Sheefin to the north–east, Knockatee to the south–east, Garraree to the south, Kilmaglish to the south–west and Galmoylestown Upper to the north–west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 13 houses and 56 inhabitants in the townland.

Kilmaglish
Kilmaglish is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 6.91 kilometres (4 mi) north of Mullingar.

Kilmaglish is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Tyfarnham in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 517.59 acres (2.0946 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Galmoylestown Upper to the north, Parsonstown to the north–east, Garraree to the east, Knockdrin to the south–east, Ballynagall to the south, Knockdrin Demesne to the south and Garrysallagh to the north–east.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 4 houses and 17 inhabitants in the townland.
Kilcullane
Kilcullane (Irish: Cill Chathláin, meaning 'the church of Cathlán') is a civil parish and townland located in County Limerick, Ireland. The civil parish is in the barony of Smallcounty. It is located in east County Limerick near the village of Bruff. The north-eastern part of the parish borders the parish of Ballinard.

Ballinard (civil parish)
Ballinard (Irish: Baile an Aird, meaning 'the high town') is a civil parish and townland located in the eastern part of County Limerick, Ireland. The civil parish is part of the barony of Smallcounty. The largest population centre is the village of Herbertstown. The south-eastern part of the parish borders the parish of Kilcullane. Geologically, the parish rests on a substratum of limestone, except in some few places where the basalt rises.
Bosnia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Bosnia (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بوسنه, romanized: Eyālet-i Bōsnâ; Turkish: Bosna Eyaleti; Serbo-Croatian: Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in 1853 was 52,530 square kilometres (20,281 sq mi).

Sanjak of Pakrac
The Sanjak of Pakrac (Croatian: Pakrački sandžak) or Sanjak of Čazma or Sanjak of Cernica was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire whose capital was first Zaçasna and then Pakrac and Cernik in Ottoman Slavonia. It was established after the Ottomans captured Slavonia in the mid 16th century.