hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barron v Potter
Barron v Potter [1914] 1 Ch 895 is a UK company law case, concerning the balance of power between the board of directors and the general meeting. It stands for the principle that when the board is incapable of taking action, power to conduct the company's affairs will revert to the general meeting.

Thomas Warrington, 1st Baron Warrington of Clyffe
Thomas Rolls Warrington, 1st Baron Warrington of Clyffe, PC (29 May 1851 – 26 October 1937), known as Sir Thomas Warrington between 1904 and 1926, was a British lawyer and judge.

Warrington was called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn, in 1875, and after acquiring a large practice, became a Queen's Counsel in 1895. In 1904 he was appointed a judge of the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice and knighted. In 1915 he became a Lord Justice of Appeal and sworn of the Privy Council, which entitled him to sit on the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.  On his retirement in 1926 he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Warrington of Clyffe, of Market Lavington in the County of Wiltshire.  He continued to sit on the Judicial Committee after his retirement.

Lord Warrington of Clyffe died in October 1937, aged 86, when the barony became extinct.
Aosa
Aosa is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loasaceae.

Its native range is Caribbean, Central America to Colombia, Brazil.

Species:

Aosa gilgiana (Urb.) Weigend

Aosa grandis (Standl.) R.H.Acuña & Weigend

Aosa parviflora (Schrad. ex DC.) Weigend

Aosa plumieri (Urb.) Weigend

Aosa rupestris (Gardner) Weigend

Aosa sigmoidea Weigend

Loasaceae
Loasaceae is a family of 15–20 genera and about 200–260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. Members of the family include annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, and a few shrubs and small trees. Members of the subfamily Loasoideae are known to exhibit rapid thigmonastic stamen movement when pollinators are present.
Duan Wuwuchen
Duan Wuwuchen (段務勿塵) (died December 310 or 311), also known as Duan Wumuchen (段務目塵), was a chieftain of the Duan-Xianbei during the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Sixteen Kingdoms period. A vassal of the Western Jin, his leadership saw the Duan begin actively providing military assistance to the Jin through his alliance with the Inspector of You Province, Wang Jun. For his merits, he was named the Duke of Liaoxi, a title that was passed down to his successors.

Duan tribe
The Duan (Chinese: 段; pinyin: Duàn) was a tribe of Xianbei ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period in China. They were a powerful tribe in the Liaoxi region and played a key role during the fall of the Western Jin dynasty. Unlike the Xianbei tribes of the steppe, the Duan were unique in that they were established within the borders of China. They ruled over their dukedom of Liaoxi and later established the Duan Qi state, although neither were considered part of the Sixteen Kingdoms. The tribe was conquered by the Murong-led Former Yan in 338, but remained politically influential as maternal relatives of the Murong.
Federal Office for the Environment
The Federal Office for the Environment is the Swiss environmental agency, a division of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications. It is responsible for matters of the environment, including the protection of plants and animals and the protection against noise, air pollution or natural hazards.

Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
The Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC, German: Eidgenössisches Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation, French: Département fédéral de l'environnement, des transports, de l'énergie et des communications, Italian: Dipartimento federale dell'ambiente, dei trasporti, dell'energia e delle comunicazioni, Romansh: Departament federal per ambient, traffic, energia e communicaziunⓘ) is one of the seven departments of the Swiss federal government, headed by a member of the Swiss Federal Council.
First Presbyterian Church (Nashville, Arkansas)
The First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church at 2nd and Hempstead Streets in Nashville, Arkansas. The building is now home to the E. A. Williams Chapel and Museum, and is owned and operated by the Howard County Historical Society. The building is a single-story wood-frame structure, constructed in 1912 by builder Elijah Alexander Williams. It is roughly L-shaped, and exhibits a combination of Queen Anne and Stick styling that is rare in southwestern Arkansas.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Nashville, Arkansas
Nashville is a city in Howard County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Nashville had a population of 4,153. The city is the county seat of Howard County.

Nashville is situated at the base of the Ouachita foothills and was once a major center of the peach trade in southwest Arkansas. Today the land is mostly given over to cattle and chicken farming. The world's largest dinosaur trackway was discovered near the town in 1983.
Raw image format
A camera raw image file is a file that contains unprocessed data straight from a digital camera. Such data can later be changed into a photo, either within a digital camera itself or by usage of external tools. Raw files are so named because they are not yet processed, and contain large amounts of potentially redundant data. Normally, the image is processed by a raw converter, in a wide-gamut internal color space where precise adjustments can be made before conversion to a viewable photos for storage, printing, or further manipulation. There are dozens of raw formats in use by different manufacturers of digital image capture equipment.

High dynamic range
High dynamic range (HDR), also known as wide dynamic range, extended dynamic range, or expanded dynamic range, is a signal with a higher dynamic range than usual.

The term is often used in discussing the dynamic ranges of images, videos, audio or radio. It may also apply to the means of recording, processing, and reproducing such signals including analog and digitized signals.
Florida Brigade of the Army of Tennessee
The Florida Brigade was a Confederate States Army unit during the American Civil War. It fought as part of the Army of Tennessee in the Western theater of the war. The brigade was formed in November 1863. It comprised the following units: the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 7th Florida Infantry Regiments, as well as the 1st Florida Cavalry Regiment, which fought dismounted. Portions of the brigade fought in nearly every major campaign of the Western Theater.

4th Florida Infantry Regiment
The 4th Florida Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised by the Confederate state of Florida during the American Civil War. The unit fought as part of the Florida Brigade of the Army of Tennessee.
MSV-Arena
MSV-Arena, currently known for sponsorship purposes as the Schauinsland-Reisen-Arena, is a football stadium in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, built in 2004. The stadium is the home of football club MSV Duisburg and American football club Rhein Fire. It has a capacity of 31,500. The stadium was built on the site of the old Wedaustadion. It was the venue of the 2005 World Games.

MSV Duisburg
Meidericher Spielverein 02 e. V. Duisburg, commonly known as simply MSV Duisburg (German pronunciation: [ʔɛm ʔɛs faʊ ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k]), is a German association football club based in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia. Nicknamed Die Zebras for their traditional striped jerseys, the club was one of the original members of the Bundesliga when it was formed in 1963.
Microsania
Microsania is a genus of flat-footed flies in the family Platypezidae and the sole genus in the smoke fly subfamily Microsaniinae. This cosmopolitan genus is typically attracted to smoke, such as from campfires in natural park settings. Unlike other members of the family, adults often carry variable loads of phoretic mites. The larval habits remain unknown, but some associated mites have been identified as dung- and compost-breeding species of the genus Macrocheles, suggesting these substrates may serve as potential sites for late-stage larvae prior to pupation.

Platypezidae
Platypezidae is a family of true flies of the superfamily Platypezoidea. The more than 250 species are  found worldwide primarily in woodland habitats. A common name is flat-footed flies, but this is also used for the closely related Opetiidae which were formerly included in the Platypezidae.

Some genera formerly included here have been recognized as entirely unrelated, and now placed in the asilomorph family Atelestidae.
Durant, Oklahoma
Durant (/duːrænt/) is a city in and the county seat of Bryan County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 18,589 in the 2020 census. It is the home of the headquarters of the Choctaw Nation, and is the largest settlement on the reservation, ranking ahead of McAlester and Poteau. Durant is the principal city of the Durant Micropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 46,067 in 2020. Durant is also part of the Dallas–Fort Worth Combined Statistical Area, anchoring the northern edge.

The city was founded by Dixon Durant, a Choctaw who lived in the area, after the MK&T railroad came through the Indian Territory in the early 1870s. It became the county seat of Bryan County in 1907 after Oklahoma statehood.

Durant is home to Southeastern Oklahoma State University and the headquarters of the Choctaw Nation. The city is officially known as the Magnolia Capital of Oklahoma. The city and its micropolitan are a major part of the Texoma region.

Sherman, Texas
Sherman is a city in and the county seat of Grayson County, Texas, United States. The city's population in 2020 was 43,645. It is one of the two principal cities in the Sherman–Denison metropolitan statistical area, and is the largest city in the Texoma region of North Texas and southern Oklahoma.
Topogon
Topogon is a wide field (originally 100 degrees field of view), symmetrical photographic lens patented by Robert Richter in 1933 for Carl Zeiss AG. As there are four meniscus elements in four groups, deployed symmetrically around the central aperture, it is considered a double Gauss lens variant.

Metrogon
Metrogon is a high resolution, low-distortion, extra-wide field (90 degree field of view) photographic lens design, popularized by Bausch and Lomb. Variations of this design were used extensively by the US military for aerial photography, fitted to the T-11 and other aerial cameras.
Blackwall, London
Blackwall is an area of Poplar, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, East London. The neighbourhood includes Leamouth and the Coldharbour conservation area.

The area takes its name from a historic stretch of riverside wall built along an outside curve of the Thames, to protect the area from flooding. Along with the rest of Poplar, Blackwall has its origin in the Manor and Ancient Parish of Stepney. While mostly residential, the Poplar Dock and Blackwall Basin provide moorings for vessels.

Metropolitan Borough of Poplar
Poplar was a local government district in the metropolitan area of London, England. It was formed as a district of the Metropolis in 1855 and became a metropolitan borough in the County of London in 1900. It comprised Poplar, Millwall, Bromley-by-Bow and Bow as well as Old Ford, Fish Island and Cubitt Town.
Dunwich Public Reserve
Dunwich Public Reserve is a heritage-listed archaeological site at Junner Street, Dunwich, North Stradbroke Island in the City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1827 to 1828. It is also known as Privy Pit, Convict Barracks, and Convict Store within the Moreton Bay penal settlement. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 February 2000.

Dunwich, Queensland
Dunwich is a town and locality on the western side of North Stradbroke Island in Queensland, Australia. Dunwich is part of the Redland City local government area, administered from the bayside town of Cleveland on the Queensland mainland.  In the 2021 census, the locality of Dunwich had a population of 737 people.

Dunwich is one of three towns on North Stradbroke Island – the others being Amity Point and Point Lookout.
Breivikbotn
Breivikbotn is the administrative centre of Hasvik Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is an old trading post and fishing village that is located on the western end of the island of Sørøya, looking out across the Lopphavet Sea. The village lies along Norwegian County Road 822 in the central part of the municipality. The village of Hasvik lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the south, the former village of Dønnesfjord lies about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) to the northeast, and the village of Sørvær lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the west.

The 0.33-square-kilometre (82-acre) village has a population (2023) of 308 and a population density of 933 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,420/sq mi). Breivikbotn Chapel is located in this village as well as much of the commercial activity in the municipality.

Breivikbotn Chapel
Breivikbotn Chapel (Norwegian: Breivikbotn kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Hasvik Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Breivikbotn on the west coast of the island of Sørøya. It is an annex chapel for the Hasvik parish which is part of the Alta prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The red, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1959 using plans drawn up by the architect Rolf Harlew Jenssen. The church seats about 90 people.
Pensby
Pensby (locally /ˈpɛnzbi/) is a large village on the Wirral Peninsula, in Merseyside, England. It is located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the north of the town of Heswall and approximately 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to the south west of Thingwall. Historically within Cheshire, the area is part of the Pensby and Thingwall Ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral and is in the parliamentary constituency of Wirral West.

At the 2001 census the village of Pensby had 6,900 inhabitants. The 2011 census measured the population of the Pensby and Thingwall ward at 13,007.

Heswall
Heswall (/ˈhɛzwəl, -wɔːl/) is a town in on the Wirral Peninsula, England. Historically part of Cheshire, it became part of Merseyside in 1974. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of the built up area, as defined by the Office for National Statistics, was 29,075. From 2011 to 2021, it has had annual population change of  -0.13%.
Kreczmar
Kreczmar (masculine), Krechmarowa (archaic feminine) is a Polish-language occupational surname. It is a Polonized form of Kretschmar. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Kreczmar (1944–1982) – poet, comedian, Polish cabaret actor

Jan Kreczmar (1908–1972) Polish actor and educator

Jerzy Kreczmar (1902–1985), Polish actor and stage director

Justyna Kreczmarowa (1918–2008), Polish actress and educator

Kretschmar
Kretschmar is a German occupational surname literally meaning "innkeeper" associated with the term Kretscham for village inn. It comes from Middle High German kretschmar, which was borrowed from a Slavic language, e.g. Czech krčmář. Other forms include Kretschmer, Kretchmer, Kretzschmar, and Kreczmar (Polonized form).

Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Kretschmar (born 1976), German journalist

Gerhard Kretschmar (1939–1939), German eugenics victim

Helmut Kretschmar (born 1928), German classical tenor

William Kretschmar (1933–2017), American politician

Theo Kretschmar-Schuldorff a fictional character in the 1942 film The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp
Jón Axel Guðmundsson
Jón Axel Guðmundsson (born 27 October 1996) is an Icelandic professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Davidson Wildcats. He won two national championships with Grindavík in 2012 and 2013 and the Icelandic Basketball Cup in 2014.

2016 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B
The 2016 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B was the 12th edition of the Division B of the FIBA U20 European Championship, the second-tier level of the European Under-20 basketball championship. The tournament was played in Chalkida, Greece, from 15 to 24 July 2016. Montenegro won gold by beating Iceland in the final, 78–76. Montenegro, Iceland, and Greece won promotion to Division A.
Biryu
Biryu (?-?) was the second son of Jumong and So Seo-no, and older brother of Onjo, the traditionally recognized founder of Baekje (18 BCE–660 CE), which was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In an alternate legend, Biryu himself is described as the founder of Baekje.

Soseono
Soseono (Korean: 소서노; Hanja: 召西奴; 66/7 – 6 BC) or Yeon Soseono (연소서노; 延召西奴) was the second wife of King Dongmyeong and a key figure in the establishment of both Goguryeo and Paekche. She was the mother of Biryu and Onjo.
Lompoc High School
Lompoc High School is a public high school serving Lompoc, in northern Santa Barbara County, California, United States.  It was first established in the small farming community in 1892. It is part of the Lompoc Unified School District, as is crosstown rival Cabrillo High.

Lompoc, California
Lompoc (/ˈlɒmpoʊk/ LOM-poke; Chumashan Purisimeño: lumpo'o̥) is a city in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast, its population was 43,834 as of July 2021.

Lompoc has been inhabited for thousands of years by the Chumash people, who called the area lumpo'o̥, meaning 'lagoon' in the local Purisimeño language. The Spanish called the area Lompoco after Fermín de Lasuén had established Misión La Purísima in 1787. In 1837, the Mexican government sold the area as the Rancho Lompoc land grant. After the U.S. conquest of California, multiple settlers acquired the Lompoc Valley, including William Welles Hollister, who sold the land around the mission to the Lompoc Valley Land Company, which established a temperance colony that incorporated in 1888 as Lompoc. Lompoc is often considered a military town because it is near Vandenberg Space Force Base.
Kenwood Chef
The Kenwood Chef is a food mixer developed by Ken Wood in Britain. It is a single machine with a number of attachments that allow it to perform many functions.  The Chef, based on the earlier A200, was introduced in 1950.  Kenwood mixers, along with most other Kenwood products were originally manufactured in the UK by Kenwood Limited (not to be confused with the Japanese Kenwood Corporation which manufactures audio equipment).  The Chef Mixer was an instant success in the UK and is still Kenwood's top seller today.

Mixer (appliance)
A mixer (also called a hand mixer or stand mixer depending on the type) is a kitchen device that uses a gear-driven mechanism to rotate a set of "beaters" in a bowl containing the food or liquids to be prepared by mixing them.

Mixers help automate the repetitive tasks of stirring, whisking or beating. When the beaters are replaced by a dough hook, a mixer may also be used to knead.

A mixer may be a handheld mechanism known as an eggbeater, a handheld motorized beater, or a drill mixer. Stand mixers vary in size from small counter top models for home use to large capacity commercial machines. Stand mixers create the mixing action by either rotating the mixing device vertically (planetary mixers), or by rotating the mixing container (spiral mixers).
Calasca-Castiglione
Calasca-Castiglione is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Verbania.

Calasca-Castiglione borders the following municipalities: Antrona Schieranco, Bannio Anzino, Borgomezzavalle, Pallanzeno, Piedimulera, Pieve Vergonte, Rimella, Valstrona, Vanzone con San Carlo.

Piedimulera
Piedimulera is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Verbania. Piedimulera is described as a village located on the left bank of the river Anza, at the foot of the mountain, called Mulera.

Piedimulera borders the following municipalities: Calasca-Castiglione, Pallanzeno, Pieve Vergonte, Vogogna, Seppiana.
Centralized traffic control
Centralized traffic control (CTC) is a form of railway signalling that originated in North America. CTC consolidates train routing decisions that were previously carried out by local signal operators or the train crews themselves. The system consists of a centralized train dispatcher's office that controls railroad interlockings and traffic flows in portions of the rail system designated as CTC territory. One hallmark of CTC is a control panel with a graphical depiction of the railroad. On this panel, the dispatcher can keep track of trains' locations across the territory that the dispatcher controls. Larger railroads may have multiple dispatcher's offices and even multiple dispatchers for each operating division. These offices are usually located near the busiest yards or stations, and their operational qualities can be compared to air traffic towers.

Direct traffic control
Direct traffic control (DTC) is a system for authorizing track occupancy used on some railroads instead of or in addition to signals. It is known as "direct" traffic control because the train dispatcher gives track authority directly to the train crew via radio, as opposed to through wayside personnel via telephone or telegraph, as in train orders.
Robert Mark
Sir Robert Mark GBE KStJ QPM (13 March 1917 – 30 September 2010) was a senior British police officer who served as Chief Constable of Leicester City Police, and later as Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police from 1972 to 1977.

Mark was the first Metropolitan Commissioner to have risen through all the ranks from the lowest to the highest (a route followed by all subsequent Commissioners), although a few predecessors had served as Constables prior to fast-track promotion.

Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis is the head of London's Metropolitan Police Service. Sir Mark Rowley was appointed to the post on 8 July 2022 after Dame Cressida Dick announced her resignation in February 2022.

The rank of Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police is generally regarded as the highest in British policing. Although authority is generally confined to the Metropolitan Police Service's area of operation, the Metropolitan Police District, the Metropolitan Police also has certain national responsibilities such as leading counter-terrorism policing and protection of the royal family and senior members of the government.

The commissioner is directly accountable to the Home Secretary, the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime, and the mayor of London.
USC Aiken Pacers
The USCA Pacers (formerly USC Aiken) are the athletic teams that represent the University of South Carolina Aiken, located in Aiken, South Carolina, in intercollegiate sports at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Pacers have primarily competed in the Peach Belt Conference since the 1990–91 academic year. The Pacers' primary rival is conference foe Augusta.

USCA competes in ten intercollegiate varsity sports. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, and soccer; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, soccer, softball, and volleyball. Men's and women's tennis were discontinued at the end of the 2018–19 school year. The Pacers also sponsor a co-ed Spirit Squad.

University of South Carolina Aiken
The University of South Carolina Aiken (USCA, formerly USC Aiken) is a public university in the Aiken, South Carolina area. It is part of the University of South Carolina System and offers undergraduate degree programs as well as master's degrees. Additional graduate courses and degree programs are offered through the University of South Carolina Extended Graduate Campus program. The University of South Carolina Aiken awards baccalaureate degrees in more than 30 major areas of study including the bachelor of science in business administration online through Palmetto College.