hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piano Concerto in G major (Ravel)
Maurice Ravel's Piano Concerto in G major was composed between 1929 and 1931. The piano concerto is in three movements, with a total playing time of a little over 20 minutes. Ravel said that in this piece he was not aiming to be profound but to entertain, in the manner of Mozart and Saint-Saëns. Among its other influences are jazz and Basque folk music.

The first performance was given in Paris in 1932 by the pianist Marguerite Long, with the Orchestre Lamoureux conducted by the composer. Within months the work was heard in the major cities of Europe and in the US. It has been recorded many times by pianists, orchestras and conductors from all over the world.

G major
G major is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯. Its key signature has one sharp.  Its relative minor is E minor and its parallel minor is G minor.

The G major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Ottawa Sun
The Ottawa Sun is a daily newspaper in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is published by Sun Media. It began publication in 1983 as the Ottawa Sunday Herald, until it was acquired by (then) Toronto Sun Publishing Corporation in 1988. In April 2015, Sun Media papers were acquired by Postmedia.

A Sunday edition of the newly named Ottawa Sun began publication on September 4, 1988 and a daily publication started on November 7, 1988. As with its sister papers, it has a "Sunshine Girl" feature, although in the past it also contained a "Sunshine Boy" feature.

Past editors include Peter Worthington and Mark Bonokoski. The current editor-in-chief since 2016 is former managing editor of the Montreal Gazette, Michelle Richardson. Its editorials are often considered conservative-leaning.

Sun Media
Sun Media Corporation was the owner of several tabloid and broadsheet newspapers in Canada and the 49% owner of the now defunct Sun News Network. It was a subsidiary of Quebecor Media.

Quebecor sold its community newspapers in Quebec to TC Transcontinental in June 2014, under a deal first announced in December 2013.

On October 6, 2014, Quebecor Media announced the sale of the remaining English-language print assets of Sun Media to rival Postmedia. The sale included neither the Sun News Network, which subsequently closed when a buyer was not found, nor Quebecor's French-language papers Le Journal de Montréal and Le Journal de Québec. The sale was approved by the federal Competition Bureau on March 25, 2015, and closed on April 13. Canoe Sun Media merged with Postmedia rather than being maintained as a separate division.
Kouroi of Flerio
The Kouros of Flerio is 4.7 metre long statue (Kouros) of white Naxian marble, located in a village garden in Melanes, a small village on Naxos, one of the Cycladic islands, in Greece. A second, similar kouros is located in a quarry near Melanes. They each weigh between 5 and 7 tonnes. The largest kouros on Naxos at 10.45 metres long is the Kouros of Apollonas, which weighs 80 tonnes.

Naxian marble
Naxian marble is a large-crystaled white marble which is quarried from the Cycladic Island of Naxos in Greece. It was among the most significant types of marble for ancient Greece and it continues to be quarried in modern times.
United States Swimming National Championships
The United States Swimming National Championships (a.k.a. "Nationals") are held annually, in summer. The event is organized by USA Swimming, and is held in a long course (50m) pool. In the past, and as recently as 2007, there were 2 meets annually: a Spring and a Summer Nationals. The Spring meet began as a 25-yard (short course) meet, while the Summer meet was long course. Prior to USA Swimming's creation in the late 1970s, the meet was run by the AAU.

Phillips 66 began sponsoring the meet in 1973, which continues through today although the branding of the sponsorship changed to ConocoPhillips in the early 2000s. This is one of the longest sponsorships in U.S. sports.

USA Swimming
USA Swimming is the national governing body for competitive swimming in the United States. It is charged with selecting the United States Olympic Swimming team and any other teams that officially represent the United States, as well as the overall organization and operation of the sport within the country, in accordance with the Olympic and Amateur Sports Act. The national headquarters of USA Swimming is located at the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Ahtna language
Ahtna or Ahtena (/ˈɑːtnə/, from At Na 'Copper River') is the Na-Dené language of the Ahtna ethnic group of the Copper River area of Alaska. The language is also known as Copper River or Mednovskiy.

The Ahtna language consists of four different dialects: Upper, Central, Lower, and Western. Three of the four are still spoken today. Ahtna is closely related to Dena'ina.

The similar name Atnah occurs in the journals of Simon Fraser and other early European diarists in what is now British Columbia as a reference to the Tsilhqot'in people, another Northern Athapaskan group.

Ahtna
The Ahtna  (also Ahtena, Atna, Ahtna-kohtaene, or Copper River) are an Alaska Native Athabaskan people of the Athabaskan-speaking ethnolinguistic group.  The people's homeland called Atna Nenn', is located in the Copper River area of southern Alaska, and the name Ahtna derives from the local name for the Copper River. The total population of Ahtna is estimated at around 1,427.

Their neighbors are other Na-Dené-speaking and Yupik peoples: Dena'ina (west), Koyukon (a little part of northwest), Lower Tanana (north), Tanacross (north), Upper Tanana (northeast), Southern Tutchone (southeast, in Canada), Tlingit (southeast), Eyak (south), and Chugach Sugpiaq (south).
The Bear That Couldn't Sleep
The Bear That Couldn't Sleep is a 1939 animated short film, directed by Rudolf Ising for MGM as part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's Barney Bear series. Released with the feature film 6,000 Enemies by MGM on June 10, 1939, the short is notable for featuring the first appearance of Barney Bear. Ising created the character Barney Bear in the late 1930s for MGM at this time, basing the sleepy-eyed character partially on himself.

6,000 Enemies
6,000 Enemies is a 1939 American drama film directed by George B. Seitz and starring Walter Pidgeon as a successful District Attorney who is framed on charge of bribery.  Although innocent, he is sent to prison where he fights to clear his name. The film also stars Rita Johnson.
Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services
Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) is an autonomous organization of the Government of India, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, located in Pragathi Nagar, Hyderabad. ESSO-INCOIS was established as an autonomous body in 1998 under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and is a unit of the Earth System Science Organization (ESSO). ESSO- INCOIS is mandated to provide the best possible ocean information and advisory services to society, industry, government agencies and the scientific community through sustained ocean observations and constant improvements through systematic and focussed research.

Ministry of Earth Sciences
The Ministry of Earth Sciences is an executive ministry of the Government of India, established on 29 January, 2006. It was formed through the reorganisation of the Department of Ocean Development and the assumption of administrative control over various institutions, including the India Meteorological Department, the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, and the Earth Risk Evaluation Centre.
Hida Sites
Hida ruins (斐太遺跡群, Hida isekigun) is a group of archaeological sites containing the ruins of late Yayoi to early Kofun period (approximately 3rd century AD) settlements located in what is now part of the cities of Myōkō and Jōetsu, Niigata  in the Hokuriku region of Japan.  The site includes the Hida ruins (斐太遺跡), Fukiage ruins (吹上遺跡) and the Kamabuta ruins (釜蓋遺跡). The Hida ruins were designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1977 and the Fukiage ruins and Kamabuta ruins followed in 2005.

Jōetsu, Niigata
Jōetsu (上越市, Jōetsu-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 189,430, in 76,461 households with a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 973.81 square kilometres (375.99 sq mi). Jōetsu borders the Sea of Japan and is renowned for its abundance of snow, the annual cherry-blossom festival, sake and Koshihikari rice.
Dust
Dust is made of fine particles of solid matter. On Earth, it generally consists of particles in the atmosphere that come from various sources such as soil lifted by wind (an aeolian process), volcanic eruptions, and pollution.

Dust in homes is composed of about 20–50% dead skin cells. The rest, and in offices and other built environments, is composed of small amounts of plant pollen, human hairs, animal fur, textile fibers, paper fibers, minerals from outdoor soil, burnt meteorite particles, and many other materials which may be found in the local environment.

Lint (material)
Lint is the common name for visible accumulations of textile fibers, hair and other materials, usually found on and around clothing. Certain materials used in the manufacture of clothing, such as cotton, linen, and wool, contain numerous, very short fibers bundled together. During the course of normal wear, these fibers may either detach or be jostled out of the weave of which they are part. This is the reason why heavily used articles, such as shirts and towels, become thin over time and why such particles accumulate in the lint screen of a clothes dryer.

Because of their high surface area to weight ratio, static cling causes fibers that have detached from an article of clothing to continue to stick to one another and to that article or other surfaces with which they come in contact. Other small fibers or particles also accumulate with these clothing fibers, including human and animal hair and skin cells, plant fibers, and pollen, dust, and microorganisms.
Imam Khomeini station
The Emam Khomeini Metro Station is the junction of Tehran Metro Line 1 and Line 2. The station was opened on 21 February 2000. It is located in Toopkhaneh Square between Panzdah-e-Khordad Metro Station and Saadi Metro Station in Line 1 and Mellat Metro Station and Hasan Abad Metro Station in Line 2.

This station is 19 meters underground and has elevator access.

Saadi Metro Station
Saadi Metro Station is a station in  Tehran Metro Line 1. It is located in the junction of Saadi Street and Jomhuri-ye Eslami Street. It is between Imam Khomeini Metro Station and Darvaze Dolat Metro Station.
Kali River (Uttar Pradesh)
The Kali River, commonly known as Kali Nadi, originates in the Upper Sivaliks and passes through Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Baghpat districts of Uttar Pradesh, before merging with Hindon River (at Barnava, Baghpat), which goes on to merge with the Yamuna River (near Delhi), which itself goes to merge with the Ganga River, which finally flows into the Bay of Bengal. The total length of the river from its origin up to its confluence with the Hindon river is 150 km. The river is named after the Hindu goddess Kali.

Hindon River
Hindon River  is an Indian river that originates from the Shakumbhari Devi Range (in Upper Sivaliks foothills of Himalayas) in Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh and falls into Yamuna river near Gautam Buddha University in Noida.
SMAD7
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 or SMAD7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD7 gene.

SMAD7 is a protein that, as its name describes, is a homolog of the Drosophila gene: "Mothers against decapentaplegic". It belongs to the SMAD family of proteins, which belong to the  TGFβ superfamily of ligands. Like many other TGFβ family members, SMAD7 is involved in cell signalling. It is a TGFβ type 1 receptor antagonist. It blocks TGFβ1 and activin associating with the receptor, blocking access to SMAD2. It is an inhibitory SMAD (I-SMAD) and is enhanced by SMURF2.

Smad7 enhances muscle differentiation.

SMAD (protein)
Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily, which are critically important for regulating cell development and growth. The abbreviation refers to the homologies to the Caenorhabditis elegans SMA ("small" worm phenotype) and MAD family ("Mothers Against Decapentaplegic") of genes in Drosophila.

There are three distinct sub-types of Smads: receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), common partner Smads (Co-Smads), and inhibitory Smads (I-Smads). The eight members of the Smad family are divided among these three groups. Trimers of two receptor-regulated SMADs and one co-SMAD act as transcription factors that regulate the expression of certain genes.
Atteva niphocosma
Atteva niphocosma is a moth of the  family Attevidae. It is found in the Australian states of  New South Wales, Queensland and northern Western Australia.

The wingspan is about 30 mm.

The larvae live communally in a web spun amongst the foliage of Polyscias murrayi and pupate more or less exposed in the web.

Atteva
Atteva is a genus of moths in the monotypic family Attevidae. The group has a pantropical distribution; however, the range of at least one species, Atteva aurea, extends into the temperate zone. No consistent hypotheses regarding the relationships, placement, and ranking of Attevidae have been published, but the prevalent view is that they likely form a monophyletic group within the Yponomeutoidea.
Dudley Cullum
Sir Dudley Cullum, 3rd Baronet (17 September 1657 – 16 September 1720) was an English Whig Member of Parliament and horticultural author.

Dudley Cullum was the son of Sir Thomas Cullum, Bart., of Badmondesfield, Wickhambrook, Suffolk. He was educated in Bury St Edmunds and at St John's College, Cambridge. He succeeded as third Baronet (of Hastede in Suffolk) on 16 October 1680. He was appointed High Sheriff of Suffolk for 1690 and from 1702 to 1705 was Member of Parliament for Suffolk.

Cullum baronets
The Cullum baronetcy, of Hastede in Suffolk, was created in the Baronetage of England on 18 June 1660 for Thomas Cullum. It became extinct on the death of the eighth Baronet, 26 January 1855. The family estate was Hardwick House, Suffolk.
Raigadh Road railway station
Raigadh Road railway station is a small railway station in Sabarkantha district, Gujarat. Its code is RGQ. It serves Raigadh village. The station consists of two platforms, which are not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.

Raigadh Road railway station is part of the Ahmedabad–Udaipur line. It is undergoing gauge conversion, from metre to broad gauge. In May 2019 the section between Himmatnagar and Raigadh stations was commissioned (24 km) and in January 2020, Udaipur – Kharwa Chanda section (24 km), remaining under gauge conversion Raigadh–Kharwa Chanda (163 km).

Kharwa Chanda railway station
Kharwa Chanda railway station is a small railway station in Udaipur district, Rajasthan. Its code is KRCD. It serves the villages of Kharwa and Keora Khurd.

Kharwa Chanda railway station is part of the Ahmedabad–Udaipur line, which is undergoing gauge conversion, from metre to broad gauge. The station is located on a new alignment of the line, 1.2 km northeast from its former position. In May 2019 the section between Himmatnagar Junction and Raigadh Road stations was commissioned (24 km) and in January 2020, Udaipur City – Kharwa Chanda section (24 km), remaining under gauge conversion Raigadh Road – Kharwa Chanda (163 km).
Modulation (music)
In music, modulation is the change from one tonality (tonic, or tonal center) to another. This may or may not be accompanied by a change in key signature (a key change). Modulations articulate or create the structure or form of many pieces, as well as add interest. Treatment of a non-tonic chord as a temporary tonic, for less than a phrase, is considered tonicization.

Modulation is the essential part of the art. Without it there is little music, for a piece derives its true beauty not from the large number of fixed modes which it embraces but rather from the subtle fabric of its modulation.

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
El Calabozo cove
El Calabozo cove  (Spanish: Ensenada de Calabozo) is a cove located at the northern tip of South America, at the western Gulf of Venezuela, the country's namesake. This cove starts in Castilletes Point and ends to 90.60 km at the southern Barrier of Maracaibo, comprising approximately 140 km of coastline, and shapes the coastline  that originate the La Guajira Peninsula.

Administratively, it belongs to the Zulia State.

11°25′N 71°35′W﻿ / ﻿11.417°N 71.583°W﻿ / 11.417; -71.583

Gulf of Venezuela
The Gulf of Venezuela is a gulf of the Caribbean Sea bounded by the Venezuelan states of Zulia and Falcón and by La Guajira Department, Colombia. The western side is formed by the Guajira Peninsula. A 54 km (34 mi) strait connects it with Maracaibo Lake to the south.
Te Waimate Mission
Te Waimate Mission was the fourth mission station established in New Zealand and the first settlement inland from the Bay of Islands. The members of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) appointed to establish Te (the) Waimate Mission at Waimate North were the Rev. William Yate and lay members Richard Davis, George Clarke and James Hamlin.

Waimate North
Waimate North is a small settlement in Northland, New Zealand. It is situated between Kerikeri and Lake Ōmāpere, west of the Bay of Islands.

It was one of the earliest centres of European settlement and features the second-oldest surviving European building in New Zealand, at Te Waimate Mission.
Pedro Lopes de Sousa
Pedro Lopes de Sousa (Bordonhos, Portugal, c. 1540 – Danture, present day Sri Lanka, 1594) was the 1st Governor of Portuguese Ceylon. The office of captain-major was abolished in 1594 and de Sousa was appointed in the same year under Philip I of Portugal. He died that year in the Campaign of Danture.

Sousa family
The House of Sousa (pt. Casa de Sousa) is an ancient Portuguese noble family which originated in the 9th century. It is considered to be one of the eldest and most noble houses in the Kingdom of Portugal.
Literature of Laos
The people of Laos have a rich literary tradition dating back at least six hundred years, with the oral and storytelling traditions of its peoples dating back much earlier. Lao literature refers to the written productions of Laotian peoples, its émigrés, and to Lao-language works. In Laos today there are over forty-seven recognized ethnic groups, with the Lao Loum comprising the majority group. Lao (part of the Lao-Tai family) is officially recognized as the national language, but owing to the ethnic diversity of the country the literature of Laos can generally be grouped according to four ethnolinguistic families: Lao–Tai (Tai–Kadai); Mon–Khmer (Austroasiatic); Hmong–Mien (Miao–Yao), and Sino-Tibetan (primarily Tibeto-Burman). As an inland crossroads of Southeast Asia the political history of Laos has been complicated by frequent warfare and colonial conquests by European and regional rivals.

Phra Lak Phra Ram
Phra Lak Phra Ram (ພຣະລັກພຣະຣາມ, pʰrāʔ lāk pʰrāʔ ráːm) is the national epic of the Lao people, an adaptation of the ancient Indian epic Ramayana.

Ramayana reached Laos much later than Cambodia (Reamker) and Thailand (Ramakien) which caused the loss of its original Hindu influence and affected local adaptation. Similar to some Malay versions of the Hikayat Seri Rama, the epic has lost the association with Hinduism and is instead considered a Jataka tale (the Dasaratha Jataka), a previous lifetime of the Buddha.
San Miguel, El Salvador
San Miguel (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsam miˈɣel]) is a city in eastern El Salvador. It is the country's third most populous city. It is located 138 km (86 mi) east of the capital, San Salvador. It is also the capital of  the department of San Miguel and a municipality. The population of the city in 2024 was 290,612.

San Miguel (volcano)
San Miguel (also known as Volcán Chaparrastique) is a stratovolcano in central-eastern El Salvador, approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of the city of San Miguel. On January 16, 2002, a minor eruption of steam, gas, and ash occurred from the summit crater, lasting 3 hours but causing no real damage to life or property. Carbon dioxide emissions had been monitored since November 2001, and their steady increase continued to build up until the eruption.

Twelve years later, on December 29, 2013, San Miguel erupted at 10:30 local time spewing ash and smoke into the sky, and prompted the evacuation of thousands of people living in a 3 km (1.9 mi) radius around the volcano. It was preceded and caused by increased seismic activity beginning at 06:30 local time.
× Chitalpa
×Chitalpa is an intergeneric hybrid flowering tree in the family Bignoniaceae.  There are two major forms in North America, the 'Morning Cloud' a hybrid of desert willow (Chilopsis linearis) for desert hardiness and color, and northern catalpa (Catalpa speciosa), and the 'Pink Dawn' variety formed as a hybrid of desert willow and either yellow catalpa (Catalpa ovata) or northern catalpa (Catalpa speciosa).  Both forms were originally thought to be hybrids of desert willow and southern catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides). The name is nothogeneric, or a combination of the two parents' names. Leaves are lanceolate, 10 to 13 cm (4 to 5 in) long and 2.5 cm (1 in) wide, almost always in whorls of three. The trumpet-shaped flowers are 2.5 cm (1 in) long and frilly. The inflorescence is indeterminate, with alternately arranged flowers.

Catalpa bignonioides
Catalpa bignonioides is a short-lived species of Catalpa that is native to the southeastern United States in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Common names include southern catalpa, cigartree, and Indian bean tree It is commonly used as a garden and street tree.
Zakynthos
Zakynthos, also known as Zante, is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands, with an area of 405.55 km2 (156.6 sq mi), and a coastline 123 km (76 mi) in length. The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin. In Greek mythology, the island was said to be named after Zacynthus, the son of the legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.

Zakynthos is a tourist destination, especially amongst British tourists, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe. The island's nickname is "Fioro di Levante" (Flower of the East), bestowed upon it by the Venetians, who ruled Zakynthos from 1484 to 1797.

Keri, Greece
Keri (Greek: Κερί) is a village and a community in the southern part of the island of Zakynthos. It is situated on a hillside, close to the Ionian Sea coast. The community includes the villages Apelati, Limni Keriou and Marathias. The community includes the island's southernmost point, Cape Marathia. Keri is 6 km south of Lithakia and 15 km southwest of Zakynthos (city). The village suffered great damage from the 1953 Ionian earthquake.

Keri is also famous for nearby Keri cliffs, rising over 300 m from the Ionian Sea. This location is famous for its sunset. A 7-metre tall lighthouse, built in 1925, sits atop the cliffs.