hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gustav Lachmann
Gustav Victor Lachmann (3 February 1896 – 30 May 1966) was a German aeronautical engineer who spent most of his professional life working for the British aircraft company Handley Page. He was, with Frederick Handley Page, the co-inventor of the leading edge slot.

Handley Page Limited
Handley Page Limited was a British aerospace manufacturer. Founded by Frederick Handley Page (later Sir Frederick) in 1909, it was the United Kingdom's first publicly traded aircraft manufacturing company. It went into voluntary liquidation and ceased to exist in 1970. The company, based at Radlett Aerodrome in Hertfordshire, was noted for its pioneering role in aviation history and for producing heavy bombers and large airliners.
Party of Democratic Socialism (India)
The Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) is a political party in West Bengal in India. The PDS was founded in February 2001 by former Communist Party of India (Marxist) leaders Saifuddin Choudhury and Samir Putatundu. The PDS was in opposition to the Left Front government in West Bengal.

Left Front (West Bengal)
The Left Front is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed in January 1977, the founding parties being the Communist Party of India (Marxist), All India Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Marxist Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India and the Biplobi Bangla Congress. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the Communist Party of India.

The Left Front ruled the state of West Bengal for 34 years in seven consecutive terms 1977–2011, five with Jyoti Basu as Chief Minister and two under Buddhadev Bhattacharya. The CPI(M) is the dominant force in the alliance. In the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election the Left Front failed to gain a majority of seats and left office. As of 2016 Biman Bose is the Chairman of the West Bengal Left Front Committee.
Mirosławiec
Mirosławiec [mʲirɔˈswavʲɛt͡s] (German: Märkisch Friedland) is a town in Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland, with 2,671 inhabitants (2010).

The 12th Air Base of the Polish Air Force is located 5 kilometres (3 miles) north of the town.

12th Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Base
The 12 Baza Bezzałogowych Statków Powietrznych (English: 12th Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Base) is a Polish Air Force base, located 5 km north of Mirosławiec.

It was constituted as 12 Baza Lotnicza on 1 January 2001.

In 2008, it was the site of the 2008 Polish Air Force C-295 Mirosławiec crash.
Begonia manicata
Begonia manicata is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae, native to Mexico and Central America.  It was collected from the Veracruz moist forests by Jean Jules Linden, and later described in 1842. The variety 'Aureo-maculata' has cream variegations in the foliage, and is called the leopard begonia.

Though it's an upright rhizomatous Begonia, so the rhizome grows upwards instead of along the ground. When fill grown, the leaves can grow to 7 or more inches across. The flowers, which can be pink or white, appear in the winter.

The specific epithet manicata means "cuff," and refers to the bands of red hairs at the end of each petiole. In the varietal cognomen, aureo is from aureus, which means "golden," and maculata means "spotted."

Begonia manicata has been used extensively in hybridization. In particular, it is the male parent of the cultivar B. 'Erythrophylla,' (the Beefsteak Begonia) and the female parent of the cultivar B. 'Verschaffeltii.'

Rhizomatous begonia
Rhizomatous is an informal classification of Begonia, characterized by the rhizome from which they grow. The rhizome is a horizontally growing stem that grows along or just under the soil, with nodes that can put out roots and leaves. The plants usually grow in a ball shape, with the appearance of a mound of leaves. There are more than 700 known species, and hundreds of named and unnamed cultivars, making them the largest Begonia group in cultivation. They grow naturally in Mexico, Central and South America, and Asia.

Rhizomatous begonias are cultivated for their foliage, which comes in a wide range of colors (green, black, silver, brown), shapes, patterns, and size.  They grow naturally in shallow leaf litter and dappled sunlight.
Bhitargarh
Bhitargarh (Bengali: ভিতরগড়) is an archaeological site that includes the remains of an ancient fort city built in and around the 5th century AD. It is located in Panchagarh District in Rangpur Division in the northern part of Bangladesh and is large enough that it can be seen from space.  The archaeological significance of the site lies in its strategic position as an intersection of the trade routes between Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan and the middle and lower Ganges Valley. At its height the city stretched over 5 km by 3 km and involved rerouting the Talma River.

Panchagarh District
Panchagarh District (Bengali: পঞ্চগড় জেলা) is a district of the Rangpur Division in Northern Bangladesh. Panchagarh is the northernmost district of Bangladesh. It lies between 26º00' and 26º38' north latitudes and between 88º19' and 88º49' east longitudes. It was established as a district on 1 February 1984.
Menthyl acetate
Menthyl acetate is a natural monoterpene which contributes to the smell and flavor of peppermint.  It is the acetate ester of menthol.  Menthyl acetate constitutes 3–5% of the volatile oil of mentha piperita, contributing to its smell and flavour.

Menthol
Menthol is a monoterpenoid organic compound that occurs naturally in the oils of certain plants in the mint family, such as corn mint and peppermint. It is a white or clear waxy crystalline substance that is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration.

For many people, menthol produces a cooling sensation when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin, and mint plants have been used for centuries for topical pain relief and as a food flavoring. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation.

Menthol has been demonstrated to cause a subjective nasal decongestant effect without any objective decongestant action, and administration of menthol via a nasal inhaler in humans has also been shown to cause nasal decongestion.
Oakmont, Pennsylvania
Oakmont is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Allegheny River. The population was 6,758 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The borough is best known for the nearby Oakmont Country Club, a premier golf course that has been the site of numerous U.S. Open golf tournaments.

Jonathon Hulton Bridge
The Jonathon Hulton Bridge, built in 1908, was the first major bridge designed by Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Spanning the Allegheny River, it connected the eastern Pittsburgh suburbs of Oakmont and Harmarville, Pennsylvania.
Forthbank Stadium
Forthbank Stadium is a football stadium in Stirling, Scotland. Opened in 1993, it has been the home ground of Scottish Professional Football League club Stirling Albion since then. Since 2013 it has also hosted the first team matches of Lowland Football League team University of Stirling. The stadium has a capacity of 3,808. The pitch size is 110 x 74 yards.

University of Stirling F.C.
University of Stirling Football Club are a football club based in Stirling, Scotland. They are associated with the University of Stirling and have played in the Lowland League since 2013. The club operates six teams which compete in a combination of BUCS Football League (British university competitions) and in senior and amateur leagues across Scotland.

The club currently have six teams in the BUCS Football League and also a team in the Lowland Football League, East of Scotland Football League, Lowlands U20 Development League and the Caledonian Amateur Football League.

The university deliver a High Performance Football Programme which provides players to the first team. As part of this programme, students can be offered football scholarships to study for a degree and play football at the university. The football scholarship programme is named after Craig Gowans, a talented Falkirk player who died in 2005 while training with the university.
Army Medical College
The Army Medical College (AMC/AM College) is a military medical college located in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. The medical college provides medical and dental education to its cadets before their commissioning in the Pakistan Army Medical Corps.

Pakistan Army Medical Corps
The Army Medical Corps is a military administrative, combined arms, and the combat support branch of the Pakistan Army. The AMC mainly concerns with the military medicine and move of army in the war providing medical and combat support. The medical corps also leads a role in combat disease outbreaks and researching medicines on behalf of Government of Pakistan.: 169

The Pakistani AMC is not to be confused with the Indian AMC. Nevertheless, both have common roots tracing back to British raj, as they were preceded by the former British Indian Army's Medical Corps until 1947.
North Island rugby league team
The North Island rugby league team is a rugby league team that represents the North Island of New Zealand. They first played in 1920 against the touring England team in Napier, Hawke's Bay. However the primary purpose of the side was to play against the South Island team, with the match often serving as a trial type match to choose the New Zealand international side.

Alf Townsend
Alfred Charles Townsend (23 January 1900 – 26 September 1973) was a New Zealand rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s. He played for New Zealand in 1928, as a Hooker during the era of contested scrums.
Oxley, Australian Capital Territory
Oxley (postcode 2903) is the smallest suburb in Canberra. It is located in the district of Tuggeranong. The suburb is named after the explorer John Joseph William Molesworth Oxley (1783 to 1828), who explored parts of New South Wales. It was gazetted on 22 March 1982 and first settled in 1985. Streets are named after social reformers and the suburb has an area of 1.08 km2.

It is next to the suburbs of Greenway, Wanniassa and Monash and is bounded by Drakeford Drive, Taverner Street and Erindale Drive.

Wanniassa
Wanniassa (/ˈwɒnɪæsə/) is a suburb in Australia's capital, Canberra: more specifically, in the city's southern district of Tuggeranong. The suburb takes its name from a pastoral property granted to Thomas McQuoid in 1835, which he named after Wanayasa in Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia, where McQuoid had previously owned property. Streets are named after Victorian state politicians and the suburb was gazetted on 21 May 1974.

It is next to the suburbs of Kambah, Greenway, Oxley, Monash, Gowrie and Fadden. It is bounded by Athllon Drive, Sulwood Drive, Erindale Drive and Taverner Street.
Maryknoll School
Maryknoll School is a private, coeducational Catholic school serving children in Pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. The school is located on the island of Oʻahu and is administered by the Diocese of Honolulu in association with its original founders, the Maryknoll Society of brothers and priests and the Maryknoll Congregation also called the Maryknoll Sisters. The school is the largest Catholic School in the state of Hawaii, and the fifth largest private school in the state. Maryknoll has developed 6 sister schools and 5 affiliated school connections, in China, Japan, and Vietnam.

Diocese of Honolulu
The Diocese of Honolulu (Latin: Diœcesis Honoluluensis) is a Catholic diocese for the state of Hawaii in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of San Francisco. The mother church is the Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu. The bishop is Clarence Silva.
South Hamgyong Sci-Tech Library
South Hamgyong Sci-Tech Library (Korean: 함경남도과학기술도서관) is a public library located in Hamhung, South Hamgyong Province, North Korea. South Hamgyong Sci-Tech Library was opened in 2018, it's the first large-scale Sci-Tech library outside of Pyongyang.

According to Google Earth imagery, the South Hamgyong Sci-Tech Library was built on the site of the former South Hamgyong Cultural Exhibition House sometime between February 2016 and November 2016. The new building appears to be a mixture of architectural styles seen in Ryomyong New Town and Mirae Scientists Street, it contains two features resembling stylized hydrogen atoms, or planets with rings, on the roof, there is also a statue of a helium atom in front of the building.

Hamhung
Hamhŭng (Hamhŭng-si; Korean pronunciation: [hamɣɯŋ]) is North Korea's second-most populous city, and a major port city and industrial hub. Hamhung is the capital of South Hamgyŏng Province and the 16th largest city in the Korean Peninsula. Located in the southern part of the South Hamgyong Province, Hamhung is the main and most populous metropolitan area in the province. Hamhung was centrally planned and built by the North Korean Government.
Mearns Castle
Mearns Castle is a 15th-century tower house in Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire, south of Glasgow, Scotland. It is a Category A listed building. The castle has been restored and is now part of the Maxwell Mearns Castle Church. It also gives its name to nearby Mearns Castle High School.

Newton Mearns
Newton Mearns (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Ùr na Maoirne [ˈpalə ˈuːɾ nə ˈmɯːrˠɲə]) is a suburban town and the largest settlement in East Renfrewshire, Scotland. It lies 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Glasgow City Centre on historically the main road to Ayrshire, 410 feet (125 m) above sea level. It has a population of approximately 26,993, stretching from Whitecraigs and Kirkhill in the northeast to Maidenhill in the southeast, to Westacres and Greenlaw in the west and Capelrig/Patterton in the northwest.

It is part of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Its name derives from being a new town of the parish of Mearns (from Scottish Gaelic maoirne, meaning a stewartry).
Louisiana Creole cuisine
Louisiana Creole cuisine (French: cuisine créole, Louisiana Creole: manjê kréyòl, Spanish: cocina criolla) is a style of cooking originating in Louisiana, United States, which blends West African, French, Spanish, and Native American influences, as well as influences from the general cuisine of the Southern United States.

Creole cuisine revolves around influences found in Louisiana from populations present there before its sale to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.

The term Creole describes the population of people in French colonial Louisiana which consisted of the descendants of the French and Spanish, and over the years the term grew to include Acadians, Germans, Caribbeans and native-born slaves of African descent as well as those of mixed racial ancestry.

Creole food is a blend of the various cultures that found their way to Louisiana including French, Spanish, Acadian, Caribbean, West African, German and Native American, among others.

Étouffée
Étouffée or etouffee (French: [e.tu.fe], English: /ˌeɪtuːˈfeɪ/ AY-too-FAY) is a dish found in both Cajun and Creole cuisine typically served with shellfish over rice. The dish employs a technique known as smothering, a popular method of cooking in the Cajun and Creole areas of south Louisiana. Étouffée is most popular in New Orleans and in the Acadiana region as well as the coastal counties of Mississippi, Alabama, northern Florida, and eastern Texas.
2/11th Commando Squadron (Australia)
The 2/11th Commando Squadron was a commando unit raised by the Australian Army for service in World War II. Raised in 1944, the unit saw action late in the war against the Japanese during the Borneo campaign in 1945. As a part of this campaign the squadron undertook landings on Labuan Island and at Brunei Bay. Following the end of the war, the squadron returned to Australia and was disbanded in early 1946.

Australian commandos
The name commando has been applied to a variety of Australian special forces and light infantry units that have been formed since 1941–42. The first Australian "commando" units were formed during the Second World War, where they mainly performed reconnaissance and long-range patrol roles during Australia's campaigns in New Guinea and Borneo, although other units such as M and Z Special Units performed more clandestine roles. These units were disbanded following the end of the war; however, in the 1950s it was realised that there was a need for such units again in the Australian forces. In the 2020s, the Australian Army possesses a number of units that perform more conventional direct-action type commando roles, as well as counter-terrorism response, long-range patrolling, and clandestine deep-penetration operations.
Bergenhus len
Bergenhus len was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Norway that existed from 1503 to 1662, with the Bergenhus Fortress in Bergen as its administrative center Norwegian administrative division.  The len was changed to an amt (district) in 1662 but it kept its original name and capital until 1919.

Sogn og Fjordane
Sogn og Fjordane (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɔŋn ɔ ˈfjûːrɑnə] ⓘ; literally "Parish and the Fjords") was a county in western Norway, from 1 January 1919 to 31 December 2019, after it was merged to become part of Vestland county. It was surrounded by Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, Buskerud, and Hordaland counties. The county administration was in the village of Hermansverk in Leikanger Municipality. The largest town in the county was Førde.

Although Sogn og Fjordane has some industry, predominantly hydroelectricity and aluminium, it is predominantly an agricultural area. Sogn og Fjordane is also home to the Urnes Stave Church and the Nærøyfjord, which are both listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.

The Western Norway University of Applied Sciences has campuses in Sogndalsfjøra and Førde.
Charles E. Tilton Mansion
The Charles E. Tilton Mansion, now the Lucian Hunt Library, stands on the campus of the Tilton School in Tilton, New Hampshire, United States.  Built in the 1860s and enlarged several times in the 19th century, it is one of the state's most architecturally eclectic houses.  It was built by banker and philanthropist Charles E. Tilton, for whose family the town is named.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It was acquired by the Tilton School in 1962 and adapted for use as its library, which is named for Lucius Hunt, a teacher of Classics at the school.

Tilton, New Hampshire
Tilton is a town on the Winnipesaukee River in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 3,962 at the 2020 census, up from 3,567 at the 2010 census. It includes the village of Tilton (which makes up part of the census-designated place of Tilton Northfield) and part of the villages of Winnisquam and Lochmere. Tilton is home to the Tilton School, a private preparatory school.
2006–07 Kilmarnock F.C. season
The 2006–07 season was Kilmarnock's eighth consecutive season in the Scottish Premier League, having competed in it since its inauguration in 1998–99. Kilmarnock also competed in the Scottish Cup,  and reached the League Cup final.

2006–07 Scottish Premier League
The 2006–07 Scottish Premier League season was the ninth season of the Scottish Premier League. It began on 29 July 2006.

The league champions, Celtic and runners-up, Rangers, qualified for the UEFA Champions League on the return of Walter Smith as manager following a brief and disastrous reign by Frenchman Paul Le Guen. The team finishing third, Aberdeen qualified for the UEFA Cup, as did the Scottish Cup finalists Dunfermline Athletic. However, being the bottom-placed team in the SPL, Dunfermline were also relegated to the First Division.
Muhammad Ali dynasty
The Muhammad Ali dynasty or the Alawiyya dynasty was an Albanian dynasty that ruled Egypt and Sudan from the 19th to the mid-20th century. It is named after its progenitor, Muhammad Ali, regarded as the founder of modern Egypt.

Fuad II of Egypt
Fuad II (Arabic: فؤاد الثاني, full name: Ahmed Fuad bin Farouk bin Ahmed Fuad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad Ali; born 16 January 1952), or alternatively Ahmed Fuad II (Arabic: أحمد فؤاد الثاني), is a member of the Egyptian Muhammad Ali dynasty. As an infant, he formally reigned as the last King of Egypt and the Sudan from July 1952 to June 1953, when he was deposed.
Gymnopithys
Gymnopithys is a genus of passerine birds in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae.

The species in this genus are specialist ant-followers that depend on swarms of army ants to flush arthropods out of the leaf litter.

White-cheeked antbird
The white-cheeked antbird (Gymnopithys leucaspis) is an insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
St Stanislaus College
St Stanislaus College (often called Tullabeg College) was a Jesuit boys boarding school, novitiate and philosophy school, in Tullabeg, Rahan, County Offaly. St Carthage founded a monastery of 800 monks there in 595 before founding his monastery in Lismore. The Presentation Sisters also have a convent in Rahan, Killina, which was founded at the same time (circa 1818) as the Jesuits founded St Stanislaus College.

Milltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy
The Milltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy was a Jesuit-run institution of higher education and research, located in Ranelagh, County Dublin, Ireland.

From November 1989, when it was granted designated status under the National Council for Educational Awards, it developed and offered programmes leading to Bachelor, Masters and Doctoral awards.

From 2005 until 2015, it was a "Recognised College" of the National University of Ireland. Under the 1997 Universities Act, the Irish government removed the ban on the NUI awarding degrees in Theology which had stood since its foundation and its predecessor the Royal University of Ireland.

The Milltown Institute was also an Ecclesiastical Faculty with official designation by the Congregation for Catholic Education in Rome.

By 2011, the future of the Milltown Institute had become uncertain  and it was finally decided to close the Institute permanently.
Castelo Rodrigo wine
Castelo Rodrigo (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐʃˈtɛlu ʁuˈdɾiɣu]) is a Portuguese wine region centered on the town of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo in the wider Beiras wine region south of the Douro river. Castelo Rodrigo was initially a separate Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) region, but in 2005, it became one of three subregions of the Beira Interior DOC, which has the higher Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) status. Its name may still be indicated together with that of Beira Interior, as Beira Interior-Castelo Rodrigo.

Located along the border with Spain, this warm climate region is known for its full bodied, spicy red wines.

Beira Interior DOC
Beira Interior is a Portuguese wine Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) located in central Portugal in the Beiras VR wine region. It was created in 2005 when three Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) regions were put together into one DOC.