hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duplicate Tsing Yi South Bridge
Duplicate Tsing Yi South Bridge or Duplicate Tsing Yi Bridge or Kwai Tsing Bridge is a 640-metre long bridge connecting Tsing Yi Island and Kwai Chung over the Rambler Channel of Hong Kong in parallel to Tsing Yi Bridge, which deteriorated owing to years of heavy usage. The duplicated bridge was built to relieve the overburdened Tsing Yi Bridge and opened on 26 July 1999 before the commencement of Tsing Yi Bridge renovation. This is the fourth vehicular bridge connecting Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi.

The duplicated bridge piers are aligned with those of Tsing Yi Bridge to retain the navigation channel. Two artificial islands with lights are created to protect the bridges against accidental damage by ships, which happened to the Tsing Yi Bridge several times.

The connecting roads and ramps are restructured on both the Tsing Yi Island side and the Kwai Chung side. These improvements have freed the bridges from traffic congestion, which occurred frequently in the past.

Rambler Channel
Rambler Channel is a body of water in Hong Kong that separates Tsing Yi Island from Tsuen Wan and Kwai Chung in the New Territories. The channel separates the two landmasses by 900 metres at its widest point.

Historically, the channel was known as Tsing Yi Mun (青衣門) and Tsing Yi Channel (青衣海峽). The current name of the channel likely originates from HMS Rambler, one of the naval survey ships which charted the waters of this area.

The shoreline of the channel has changed rapidly in the last several decades, owing to the development of Tsuen Wan New Town and the Kwai Chung Container Port. Before extensive reclamation, Gin Drinkers Bay was located along the eastern shore of the channel, and Tsing Yi Bay was located along the western shore. Three islands (Nga Ying Chau, Pillar Island and Mong Chau) once stood in the channel as well.
Kathleen Marshall (solicitor)
Kathleen Anne Marshall (born 4 June 1953) is a British solicitor and legal scholar, specialising in child law. From 1989 to 1994, she was director of the Scottish Child Law Centre. From 2004 to 2009, she was Scotland's Commissioner for Children and Young People. She has been involved in a number of inquiries into child abuse: she chaired the Edinburgh Inquiry into Abuse and Protection of Children in Care (report produced in 1999) and she chaired the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Northern Ireland (report produced in 2014).

Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland
The Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland is a post in Scotland whose main task is to promote and safeguard the rights of children and young people. The position, equivalent to the Children's Ombudsman agencies of many other countries, was established by the Commissioner for Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2003. The current Commissioner is Nicola Killean.
Francis II of the Two Sicilies
Francis II (Neapolitan and Italian: Francesco II, Sicilian: Francischieddu; christened Francesco d'Assisi Maria Leopoldo; 16 January 1836 – 27 December 1894) was the last king of the Two Sicilies before the Italian unification, led by Giuseppe Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia. After he was deposed, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Kingdom of Sardinia were merged into the newly formed Kingdom of Italy.

Siege of Gaeta (1860–1861)
The siege of Gaeta was the concluding event of the war between the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, part of the unification of Italy. It started on 5 November 1860 and ended on 13 February 1861, and took place in Gaeta, in today's Southern Lazio (Italy).
Hristo Bonev
Hristo Atanasov Bonev (Bulgarian: Христо Aтанасов Бонев; born 3 February 1947), also known as Zuma (Bulgarian: Зума), is a Bulgarian football manager and former player who last managed Lokomotiv Plovdiv in the Bulgarian A PFG. One of the greatest Bulgarian men's footballers, Bonev was renowned for his vision and technique.

Bulgaria national football team
The Bulgaria national football team (Bulgarian: Български национален отбор по футбол, romanized: Bǎlgarski natsionalen otbor po futbol) represents Bulgaria in men's international football, and is administered by the Bulgarian Football Union, a member association of UEFA.

Bulgaria's best achievements are reaching the final at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the fourth-place finish at the FIFA World Cup in 1994. Bulgaria have competed at a total of seven World Cups, debuting in 1962 and last appearing in 1998. In addition, they have participated in two European Championships, in 1996 and 2004, the latter marking their most recent major tournament appearance. The team has also competed at and won three titles in the Balkan Cup.
Symplectic integrator
In mathematics, a symplectic integrator (SI) is a numerical integration scheme for Hamiltonian systems. Symplectic integrators form the subclass of geometric integrators which, by definition, are canonical transformations. They are widely used in nonlinear dynamics, molecular dynamics, discrete element methods, accelerator physics, plasma physics, quantum physics, and celestial mechanics.

Particle-in-cell
In plasma physics, the particle-in-cell (PIC) method refers to a technique used to solve a certain class of partial differential equations.  In this method, individual particles (or fluid elements) in a Lagrangian frame are tracked in continuous phase space, whereas moments of the distribution such as densities and currents are computed simultaneously on Eulerian (stationary) mesh points.

PIC methods were already in use as early as 1955,
even before the first Fortran compilers were available. The method gained popularity for plasma simulation in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Buneman, Dawson, Hockney, Birdsall, Morse and others. In plasma physics applications, the method amounts to following the trajectories of charged particles in self-consistent electromagnetic (or electrostatic) fields computed on a fixed mesh.
St John's Hampton Wick
St John's Hampton Wick is a Grade II listed Church of England church on Church Grove and St John's Road in Hampton Wick, in the  London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It was built to a design by Edward Lapidge in 1829–30.

Hampton Wick
Hampton Wick is a Thamesside area of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England, contiguous with Teddington, Kingston upon Thames and Bushy Park.

Market gardening continued until well into the twentieth century. With its road and rail connections to London along the M4 corridor, it is  within the London commuter belt.

Although north of the River Thames, the area forms part of the Kingston upon Thames and East Molesey post towns based on the south side of the river. As the river flows north past Hampton Wick and Kingston, it is actually west of Kingston.
Steven Brown (judoka)
Steven Brown (born 4 April 1986) is an Australian judoka who represented Australia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. South Australia's first ever Judo Olympian was defeated by Algeria's Mounir Benamadi in the men's 66 kg class. Brown is a former 66 kg Australian Champion and multiple international medalist.

Brown represented Australia at the World Judo Championships in Paris 2011 and Rio de Janeiro 2013, he was also selected for Tokyo (2010), and Chelyabinsk (2014) but did not compete.

Brown represented Australia at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland - the first South Australian to do so. At the end of this event, Brown announced his retirement from competitive Judo.

Brown is now the head coach of the South Australian Judo Academy.

Brown won his first professional MMA fight at Diamondback Fighting Championship in October 2016 winning via RNC.

Mounir Benamadi
Mounir Benamadi (Arabic: منير بن أمادي; born April 5, 1982) is an Algerian judoka, who competes in the half-lightweight category. He won a gold medal for his division at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers, and silver at the 2008 African Judo Championships in Agadir.

Benamadi represented Algeria at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's half-lightweight class (66 kg). He defeated Australia's Steven Brown in the first preliminary round, before losing out his next match by a single koka to Uzbekistan's Mirali Sharipov.
Somali writing systems
A number of writing systems have been used to transcribe the Somali language. Of these, the Somali Latin alphabet is the most widely used. It has been the official writing script in Somalia since the Supreme Revolutionary Council formally introduced it in October 1972, and was disseminated through a nationwide rural literacy campaign. Prior to the twentieth century, the Arabic script was used for writing Somali. An extensive literary and administrative corpus exists in Arabic script. It was the main script historically used by the various Somali sultans to keep records. Writing systems that developed locally in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries include the Osmanya, Borama and Kaddare scripts.

Osmanya script
Osmanya (Farta Cismaanya, 𐒍𐒖𐒇𐒂𐒖 𐒋𐒘𐒈𐒑𐒛𐒒𐒕𐒖), known in Somali as Far Soomaali (𐒍𐒖𐒇 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘, "Somali writing") and in Arabic as al-kitābah al-ʿuthmānīyah (الكتابة العثمانية; "Osman writing"), is an alphabetic script created to transcribe the Somali language. It was invented by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, the son of Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid and brother of Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenadid of the Sultanate of Hobyo. Material written in the script is 'almost non-existent,' so it is difficult to describe its use with certainty.
Bigo Bay
Bigo Bay (65°43′S 64°30′W﻿ / ﻿65.717°S 64.500°W﻿ / -65.717; -64.500) is a bay 8 nautical miles (15 km) long and 6 nautical miles (11 km) wide, indenting the west coast of Graham Land between Cape Garcia and Magnier Peninsula  surmounted by the Magnier Peaks and Lisiya Ridge.

The French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, first sighted this bay but charted it as the southern part of Leroux Bay. The British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, determined that the peninsula surmounted by the Magnier Peaks separates this bay from Leroux Bay. It was named by John Rymill after Mount Bigo, a mountain at the head of the bay.

Lisiya Ridge
Lisiya Ridge (Bulgarian: Лисийски хребет, ‘Lisiyski Hrebet’ \li-'siy-ski 'hre-bet\) is the ice-covered ridge rising to over 2100 m at the base of Magnier Peninsula, Graham Coast on the west side of Antarctic Peninsula, extending 16 km in northeast-southwest direction between the heads of Leroux Bay and Bigo Bay, and 11 km wide.  Bounded by Comrie Glacier to the south and a tributary to Luke Glacier to the east.  Featuring Mount Bigo at its southwest extremity and Mount Perchot in its central part.  Precipitous, partly ice-free northwest slopes drained by the glaciers Muldava, Nesla and Kolosh.

The ridge is named after the settlement of Lisiya in Southwestern Bulgaria.
Avram Iancu Square, Cluj-Napoca
Avram Iancu Square (named after the Transylvanian Romanian lawyer and revolutionary Avram Iancu) is a central plaza in the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca. It is connected to the Unirii Square through the Eroilor and "21 Decembrie 1989" avenues. It is also connected to Mihai Viteazul Square through Cuza Vodă Street. Its most prominent building is the Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral, although the plaza also houses the Wagner Gyula's eclectic Palace of Justice, the Lucian Blaga National Theatre and the headquarters of the County Prefecture.

Eroilor Avenue, Cluj-Napoca
46°46′10″N 23°35′30″E﻿ / ﻿46.7694°N 23.5917°E﻿ / 46.7694; 23.5917

Eroilor Avenue ("Heroes' Avenue") is a central avenue in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, connecting the Avram Iancu and Unirii squares. The northern side of the avenue was converted during the late 2000s into a pedestrian zone.

In the late 19th century and until 1919, the avenue was called Deák Ferenc utca. During the interwar era, the street was called Regina Maria, after Queen Mary of Romania; during the communist era it was named after Petru Groza, a Romanian prime-minister of that time.
Arctic Katahdin butterfly
The arctic Katahdin butterfly (Oeneis polixenes katahdin) is a subspecies of the polixenes arctic (Oeneis polixenes). This particular butterfly is considered endangered because it only appears on Mount Katahdin in the State of Maine, and its small population fluctuates every year.

Oeneis polixenes
Oeneis polixenes, the Polixenes Arctic or Norique Alpin, is a species of butterfly in the subfamily Satyrinae. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring in northern parts of North America, the Arctic Urals, Kamtchatka, Yakutia, Chukchi Peninsula, and northern Siberia.
Moso (island)
Moso is an island off the northwest coast of Efate in Vanuatu, in Shefa Province. It is separated from Efate by Namoso Passage, which is 200 metres (660 ft) wide at its narrowest point.

Along with Lelepa, it creates the harbour at north Efate known as Port Havannah.  This harbour was a focal point during World War II, with many troops stationed there, including posts on Moso itself.  Today, small tokens of the soldiers' presence can still be seen on Moso.

Port Havannah
Port Havannah, also known as  Havannah Harbour or Havannah Bay, is a port village on Efate Island in Vanuatu. The United States Army and US Navy had a base there during World War II, established in May 1942, which included an airstrip and seaplane base. Today it has interesting dive and snorkelling  sites.
Galil Córdova
The Galil Córdova is an assault rifle designed and developed by Colombian company Indumil, based on the Galil AR. It is the main assault rifle of the Colombian Armed Forces and National Police.

The Córdova is named after the Colombian independence hero José María Córdova.

IWI Galil
The IWI Galil (Hebrew: גליל) is a family of Israeli-made automatic rifles chambered for the 5.56×45mm NATO and 7.62×51mm NATO cartridges. Originally designed by Yisrael Galili and Yakov Lior in the late 1960s, the Galil was first produced by the state-owned Israel Military Industries and is now exported by the privatized Israel Weapon Industries.

The first Galil rifle was manufactured using RK 62 receivers. Moreover, the Galil design is largely based on the Finnish rifle RK 62 (a derivative of the AK-47).

The Israeli Army initially deployed the 5.56×45mm NATO Galil in three basic configurations; the automatic rifle machine-gun (ARM), the automatic rifle (AR), and the short automatic rifle (SAR). A modernised, redesigned version of the Galil is produced since 2008, known as the Galil ACE.
2009 BMW Open
The 2009 BMW Open was a tennis tournament that was played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 94th edition of the BMW Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2009 ATP World Tour. The men's events took place in Munich, Germany, from 2 May through 10 May 2009.

The men's draw was headlined by the defending champions, Chilean Fernando González and Croatian Marin Čilić.

2009 ATP World Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP. The 2009 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2009 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organised by the ITF.
Pat O'Connor (wrestler)
Patrick John O'Connor (22 August 1924 – 16 August 1990), was a New Zealand/American amateur wrestler and professional wrestler. Regarded as one of the premier workers of his era, O'Connor held the AWA World Heavyweight Championship and NWA World Heavyweight Championship simultaneously, the latter of which he held for approximately two years. He was also the inaugural AWA World Heavyweight Champion. He is an overall two-time world champion.

Heart of America Sports Attractions
Heart of America Sports Attractions, Inc., operating as the Midwest Wrestling Association, Central States Wrestling and the World Wrestling Alliance, was an American professional wrestling promotion that ran shows mainly in Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Iowa. Due to the promotion's main office and base of operations being in Kansas City, Missouri the territory was often referred to simply as "Kansas City". The promotion existed from July 1948 until it closed in 1989. The territory was one of the original territories of the National Wrestling Alliance with two of the six "founding fathers" of the NWA (Paul "Pinkie" George and Orville Brown) promoting in it.
Aughnacloy, County Tyrone
Aughnacloy, sometimes spelt Auchnacloy (Irish: Achadh na Cloiche, meaning 'field of the stone'), is a village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Close to the border with County Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland, the village is about 20 km southwest of Dungannon, and 7 km southeast of Ballygawley. It is situated in the historic barony of Dungannon Lower and the civil parish of Carnteel. In the 2021 census it had a population of 1,162.

Ballygawley, County Tyrone
Ballygawley or Ballygawly (from Irish Baile Uí Dhálaigh, meaning 'Ó Dálaigh's town') is a village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is about 14 miles (20 km) west of Dungannon, near the meeting of the A5 Derry–Dublin and A4 Dungannon–Enniskillen roads.
B
B, or b, is the second letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is bee (pronounced /ˈbiː/ ⓘ), plural bees.

It represents the voiced bilabial stop in many languages, including English. In some other languages, it is used to represent other bilabial consonants.

Berkanan
Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b rune ᛒ, meaning "birch". In the Younger Futhark it is called Bjarkan in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem it is called  beorc ("birch" or "poplar"). The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐌱 b, named bairkan.

The letter shape is likely directly  based on Old Italic  𐌁, whence comes also the Latin letter B.

The rune is recorded in all three rune poems:
Tired and emotional
The phrase "tired and emotional" is a chiefly British euphemism for alcohol intoxication. It was popularised by the British satirical magazine Private Eye in 1967 after being used in a spoof diplomatic memo to describe the state of Labour cabinet minister George Brown, but is now used as a stock phrase. The restraints of parliamentary language mean it is unacceptable in the House of Commons to accuse an MP of being drunk, but one may use this or other euphemisms such as "not quite himself" and "overwrought". The Guardian describes the phrase as having joined "those that are part of every journalist's vocabulary". Because of this widespread interpretation, one source cautions professional British journalists against its use as, "even if the journalist meant it literally", it could be considered defamatory.

Euphemism
contraceptives

menstrual pads and tampons

adult diapers

A euphemism is the substitution of a potentially offensive or unpleasant word or expression with one that is more pleasant or inoffensive. Some euphemisms are humorous, while others use mild or neutral language to downplay certain concepts. They can often be used to soften profanity or discuss sensitive or taboo topics, such as disability, sex, bodily functions, pain, violence, illness, or death, in a more polite manner.
Kawaii
Kawaii (Japanese: かわいい or 可愛い, [kawaiꜜi]; 'cute' or 'adorable') is a Japanese cultural phenomenon which emphasizes cuteness, childlike innocence, charm, and simplicity. Kawaii culture began to flourish in the 1970s, driven by youth culture and the rise of cute characters in manga and anime (comics and animation) and merchandise, exemplified by the creation of Hello Kitty by Sanrio in 1974. The kawaii aesthetic is characterized by soft or pastel (usually pink, blue, and white) colors, rounded shapes, and features which evoke vulnerability, such as big eyes and small mouths, and has become a prominent aspect of Japanese popular culture, influencing entertainment (including toys and idols), fashion (such as Lolita fashion), advertising, and product design.

Future bass
Future bass is a style of electronic dance music which developed in the 2010s that mixes elements of dubstep and EDM trap with warmer, less abrasive rhythms. The genre was pioneered by producers such as Rustie, Hudson Mohawke, Lido, San Holo and Cashmere Cat, and it was popularised in the mid to late-2010s by artists such as Flume, Martin Garrix, Illenium, Louis the Child and Mura Masa. 2016 was seen as the breakout year for the genre.
Boston Glacier
Boston Glacier is located in a large cirque below several mountain peaks in North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. Approximately 1 mi (1.6 km) long but nearly 3.5 mi (5.6 km) wide, it is the largest glacier in North Cascades National Park. Extending in an arc from the north of Forbidden Peak, it is flanked by Boston Peak to the southwest and Buckner Mountain at its eastern margin, between which it lies below the arête known as Ripsaw Ridge. Another arête extending between Boston Peak, Sharkfin Tower, Forbidden Peak and further north separate Boston Glacier from the nearly adjoining Quien Sabe and Forbidden Glaciers. Boston Glacier has been in an overall state of retreat since the end of the Little Ice Age around the year 1850. A moderate advance occurred between 1950 and the mid-1970s; however, the retreat resumed and between 1972 and 2006 its terminus retreated 1,470 ft (450 m).

Boston Peak
Boston Peak is a tall peak in the North Cascades in the U.S. state of Washington and within North Cascades National Park. At 8,894 feet (2,711 m) in elevation it is the 26th highest peak in Washington. Its nearest higher neighbor is Buckner Mountain, 1.66 miles (2.67 km) to the east.
Dust astronomy
Dust astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that uses the information contained in individual cosmic dust particles ranging from their dynamical state to its isotopic, elemental, molecular, and mineralogical composition in order to obtain information on the astronomical objects occurring in outer space. Dust astronomy overlaps with the fields of Planetary science, Cosmochemistry, and Astrobiology.

Eberhard Grün et al. stated in the 2002 Kuiper prize lecture "Dust particles, like photons, carry information from remote sites in space and time. From knowledge of the dust particles' birthplace and their bulk properties, we can learn about the remote environment out of which the particles were formed. This approach is called Dust Astronomy which is carried out by means of a dust telescope on a dust observatory in space".

Space dust measurement
Space dust measurement refers to the study of small particles of extraterrestrial material, known as micrometeoroids or interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), that are present in the Solar System. These particles are typically of micrometer to sub-millimeter size and are composed of a variety of materials including silicates, metals, and carbon compounds. The study of space dust is important as it provides insight into the composition and evolution of the Solar System, as well as the potential hazards posed by these particles to spacecraft and other space-borne assets. The measurement of space dust requires the use of advanced scientific techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to accurately characterize the physical and chemical properties of these particles.