hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marikina River
The Marikina River (Tagalog: Ilog Marikina) is a waterway in eastern Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the largest tributary of the Pasig River, with headwaters in the Sierra Madre Mountains in what was known as Montalban, presently the municipality of Rodriguez, Rizal.

The Marikina River used to be an important transport route during the Spanish colonial era, but its importance as a transport route diminished when the Philippines' national highway system became more established. The resulting lack of river boat traffic and the deforestation of the upland areas in what is now the Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape (UMRBPL) contributed to the river's siltation, further reducing its value as a transport route.

Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape
The Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape is a protected area in the Province of Rizal in the Philippines, which forms the upper area of the drainage basin of the Marikina River.

The term "Marikina Watershed" is sometimes used to specifically refer to this protected area, but is also generally to the river's entire drainage basin, from the Sierra Madre Mountains of Rizal Province all the way to the Napindan area in Pasig, where its mouth empties into the Pasig River.

The Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape had been named the Marikina Watershed Reservation until November, 2011, when President Benigno S. Aquino III upgraded  its status from "reservation" to "protected landscape."
William C. Graham (music professor)
William C. Graham (c. 1817 – October 21, 1866) was a music professor from Philadelphia, who taught at Staunton's Deaf Dumb and Blind Institute from 1840 to 1866, replaced by A. J. Turner. Graham was a pupil of the Pennsylvania Institute for the Blind.

A. J. Turner
Augustus John Turner, (October 12, 1818 – May 14, 1905), known as "A. J. Turner", was an American composer, band leader and music professor.

He was the first director of the Stonewall Brigade Band of Staunton, Virginia, the oldest continuous community band funded by tax moneys in the United States. They were mustered into the Stonewall Brigade under Stonewall Jackson of the Confederacy during the Civil War. Turner served through the Valley Campaign, the Seven Days Battles, and was at the Battle of Cedar Mountain.

Turner was a professor of music at the Wesleyan Female Institute, the Staunton Male Academy, and the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Institute. He also played a part in the temperance movement.
Robinson Lake (Nevada)
Robinson Lake is a glacial tarn in the Ruby Mountains, in Elko County in the northeastern part of the state of Nevada. It is located just south of the shelf of Soldier Basin, and at an elevation of 9,194 feet (2,802 meters). It has an area of approximately 17 acres (6.9 hectares), and a depth of up to 5 feet (1.5 meters). The lake is the source for Robinson Creek, which drops steeply to the east into Ruby Valley. Both were named for a family of early settlers in Ruby Valley. The lake is a fishing spot for brook trout.

Ruby Mountains
The Ruby Mountains (Shoshoni: 'Duka Doya', meaning “Snowcapped”) are a mountain range, primarily located within Elko County with a small extension into White Pine County, in Nevada, United States. Most of the range is included within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The range reaches a maximum elevation of 11,387 feet (3,471 m) on the summit of Ruby Dome. To the north is Secret Pass and the East Humboldt Range, and from there the Rubies run south-southwest for about 80 miles (130 km). To the east lies Ruby Valley, and to the west lie Huntington and Lamoille Valleys. The Ruby Mountains are the only range of an introduced bird, the Himalayan snowcock, in North America. The mountain range was named after the garnets found by early explorers. The central core of the range shows extensive evidence of glaciation during recent ice ages, including U-shaped canyons, moraines, hanging valleys, and steeply carved granite mountains, cliffs, and cirques.
Giuseppe Piermarini
Giuseppe Piermarini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe ˌpjɛrmaˈriːni]; 18 July 1734 – 18 February 1808) was an Italian architect who trained with Luigi Vanvitelli in Naples and  designed the Teatro alla Scala in Milan (1776–78), which remains the work by which he is chiefly remembered. Indeed, il Piermarini (with the masculine definite article preceding the architect's name) serves as an occasional journalistic synonym for the celebrated opera house. Piermarini was appointed professor in the Academy of Fine Arts of Brera, better known as Brera Academy, Milan, when it was formally founded in 1776.

Royal Villa of Monza
The Royal Villa (Italian: Villa Reale) is a historical building in Monza, Northern Italy. It lies on the banks of the Lambro river, surrounded by the large Monza Park, one of the largest enclosed parks in Europe.

The Royal Villa, also called the Palace of Monza, is a neoclassical palace built by the Habsburgs as a private residence during the Austrian domination of the 18th century. It became the residence of the viceroy with the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and during the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, but it lost this function during the Kingdom of Italy of the House of Savoy, the last royals to use it.

The Royal Villa was abandoned by the royal family following the murder of King Umberto I in Monza on 29 July 1900 by anarchist Gaetano Bresci. Nowadays, it hosts exhibitions; a wing hosts also the Artistic High School of Monza.
Hawkeye (Clint Barton)
Hawkeye (Clinton Francis "Clint" Barton) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Don Heck, the character first appeared as a supervillain in Tales of Suspense #57 (September 1964) and later joined the Avengers as a superhero in The Avengers #16 (May 1965). He has since been a prominent member of several Avengers teams, founding the West Coast Avengers, briefly marrying and subsequently divorcing Bobbi Morse / Mockingbird, adopting the Ronin alias after his death and resurrection before mentoring Kate Bishop as his successor as Hawkeye. He was also ranked at #44 on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes list.

Jeremy Renner plays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), and Avengers: Endgame (2019), the animated series What If...? (2021), and the television miniseries Hawkeye (2021).

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
Long Lake, New York
Long Lake is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 791 at the 2020 census.

The town is named for 14-mile-long (23 km) Long Lake, beside which it sits. A census designated place bearing the same name sits within Long Lake, home to 596 of the town's 791 inhabitants. The town is entirely within the Adirondack Park and is the northernmost town in the county. It is a summer tourism destination offering fishing, hiking, boating and swimming. In the winter months, snowmobiling is also popular. Long Lake is the home of the historic Adirondack Hotel. Long Lake is also noted for being home to Sabattis Scout Reservation, a long-term camp operated by the Longhouse Council, Boy Scouts of America.

Hamilton County, New York
Hamilton County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,107, making it the least populous county in New York and its only county with fewer than 10,000 residents. With a land area nearly the size of Delaware, it is the least densely populated county east of the Mississippi River. Its county seat is Lake Pleasant.  The county was created in 1816 and organized in 1847. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Hamilton County is one of only two counties that lie entirely within the Adirondack Park (Essex being the other). There are no permanent traffic lights in the county, and much of the county has no cell phone service.
Anomalous monism
Anomalous monism is a philosophical thesis about the mind–body relationship. It was first proposed by Donald Davidson in his 1970 paper "Mental Events". The theory is twofold and states that mental events are identical with physical events, and that the mental is anomalous, i.e. under their mental descriptions, causal relations between these mental events are not describable by strict physical laws. Hence, Davidson proposes an identity theory of mind without the reductive bridge laws associated with the type-identity theory. Since the publication of his paper, Davidson refined his thesis and both critics and supporters of anomalous monism have come up with their own characterizations of the thesis, many of which appear to differ from Davidson's.

Mental event
A mental event is any event that happens within the mind of a conscious individual. Examples include thoughts, feelings, decisions, dreams, and realizations. These events often make up the conscious life that are associated with cognitive function.

Some believe that mental events are not limited to human thought but can be associated with animals and artificial intelligence as well. Whether mental events are identical to complex physical events, or whether such an identity even makes sense, is central to the mind–body problem.
Arizona State Route 387
State Route 387, also known as SR 387, is a state highway in south-central Arizona (United States) traveling from State Route 84 in Casa Grande, north to Interstate 10,  then east to its junction with State Route 87 west of Coolidge.

Interstate 10 in Arizona
In the U.S. state of Arizona, Interstate 10 (I‑10), the major east–west Interstate Highway in the United States Sun Belt, runs east from California, enters Arizona near the town of Ehrenberg and continues through Phoenix and Tucson and exits at the border with New Mexico near San Simon. The highway also runs through the cities of Casa Grande, Eloy, and Marana. Segments of the highway are referred to as either the Papago Freeway, Inner Loop, or Maricopa Freeway within the Phoenix area and the Pearl Harbor Memorial Highway outside metro Phoenix.
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, sometimes called the Arabian Gulf, is a mediterranean sea in West Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Arabian Sea and the larger Indian Ocean located between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran (Persia). It is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz. The river delta of the Shatt al-Arab forms the north-west shoreline.

The Persian Gulf has many fishing grounds, extensive reefs (mostly rocky, but also coral), and abundant pearl oysters; however, its ecology has been damaged by industrialization and oil spills.

The Persian Gulf is in the Persian Gulf Basin, which is of Cenozoic origin and related to the subduction of the Arabian plate under the Zagros Mountains. The current flooding of the basin started 15,000 years ago due to rising sea levels of the Holocene glacial retreat.

Tarout Island
Tarout Island (Arabic: جزيرة تاروت), also spelled Tārūt, is an island in the Persian Gulf in the Qatif Governorate, located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Situated about six kilometers off Qatif mainland coast, the island is connected to Qatif City by three causeways. It stretches from Ras Tanura in the north to Qatif in the west and is the second-largest island in the Persian Gulf after Qeshm Island, covering an area of approximately 70 square kilometers. Tarout Island is home to several towns and villages, including Tārūt, Deyrah, and Darīn.
Silver Centenary
The Silver Centenary is a biplane which was built in Beverley, Western Australia between 1929 and 1930 by a local named Selby Ford. Plans for the plane, which was named in honour of Western Australia's 1929 centenary, were drawn to scale on the floor of the Beverley powerhouse which Ford owned. The aircraft made its inaugural flight on 1 July 1930 and was flown for the next 18 months, but after Ford proved unable to provide the authorities with blue prints and technical specifications, it was mothballed in 1933.

Centenary of Western Australia
In 1929, Western Australia (WA) celebrated the centenary of the founding of Perth and the establishment of the Swan River Colony, the first permanent European settlement in WA. A variety of events were run in Perth, regional areas throughout the state, and even across Australia such as the Western Australian Centenary Air Race.
John Roskelley
John Roskelley (born December 1, 1948) is an American mountain climber and author. He made first ascents and notable ascents of 7,000-meter (22,966 ft.) and 8,000-meter peaks (26,247 ft.) in Nepal, India, and Pakistan.  In 2014, he became the 6th winner of the Piolet d'Or Lifetime Achievement Award.

Jim Wickwire
Jim Wickwire (born June 8, 1940) is the first American to summit K2, the second highest mountain in the world (summit at 8,611 m (28,251 ft)).  Wickwire is also known for surviving an overnight solo bivouac on K2 at an elevation above 27,000 ft or 8,200 m; considered "one of the most notorious bivouacs in mountaineering history".
Nicotinamide ribonucleoside uptake transporters
The Nicotinamide Ribonucleoside (NR) Uptake Permease (PnuC) Family (TC# 4.B.1) is a family of transmembrane transporters that is part of the TOG superfamily. Close PnuC homologues are found in a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.

TOG superfamily
The transporter-opsin-G protein-coupled receptor (TOG) superfamily is a protein superfamily of integral membrane proteins, usually of 7 or 8 transmembrane alpha-helical segments (TMSs). It includes (1) ion-translocating microbial rhodopsins  and (2) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), (3) Sweet sugar transporters, (4) nicotinamide ribonucleoside uptake permeases (PnuC; TC# 4.B.1), (5) 4-toluene sulfonate uptake permeases (TSUP); TC# 2.A.102), (6) Ni2+–Co2+ transporters (NiCoT); TC# 2.A.52), (7) organic solute transporters (OST); TC# 2.A.82), (8) phosphate:Na+ symporters (PNaS); TC# 2.A.58) and (9) lysosomal cystine transporters (LCT); TC# 2.A.43).
Anomalites
Anomalites is an extinct genus of shining leaf chafer scarab beetle which contains the solitary species Anomalites fugitivus. The species was found preserved in Eocene age quartz from Central France and was first described by Antonín Frič.

Rutelinae
Rutelinae or shining leaf chafers is a subfamily of the scarab beetles (family Scarabaeidae). It is a very diverse group; distributed over most of the world, it contains some 200 genera with over 4,000 described species in 7 tribes. Several taxa have yet to be described. A few recent classifications include the tribe Hopliini, but this is not generally accepted.
PFL 8 (2022)
The PFL 8 mixed martial arts event for the 2022 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on August 13, 2022, at the Cardiff Motorpoint Arena in Cardiff, Wales. This was the start of the playoffs for the Heavyweight and Welterweight divisions.

Magomed Umalatov
Magomed Nasrulayevich Umalatov (Russian: Магомед Насрулаевич Умалатов; born April 3, 1992) is a Russian professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Professional Fighters League (PFL). As of February 12, 2026, he is #3 in the PFL welterweight rankings. He was the winner of the 2018 SMRF Welterweight Grand Prix. Umalatov was previously GFC Welterweight Champion, having won the title on August 30, 2019.

As of August 18, 2024, Umalatov attained #18 in World Welterweight rankings according to Fight Matrix. He is also International Master of Sport in Soyuz MMA, Master of Sport in Hand-to-Hand Combat and Master of Sport in Combat Sambo.
Irohahime
Irohahime (五郎八姫; August 2, 1594 – June 4, 1661) was a Japanese noble lady and aristocrat from the Sengoku period and Edo period. She was the first daughter of Date Masamune and Megohime, as well as the wife of Matsudaira Tadateru, the sixth son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Her Buddhist name is Tenrin'in (天麟院).

Date Masamune
Date Masamune (伊達 政宗; DAH-tay; September 5, 1567 – June 27, 1636) was a Japanese samurai and daimyō during the Azuchi–Momoyama period through the early Edo period. Heir to a long line of powerful feudal lords in the Tōhoku region, he went on to found the modern-day city of Sendai. An outstanding tactician, he was made all the more iconic for his missing eye, as Masamune was often called dokuganryū (独眼竜), or the "One-Eyed Dragon of Ōshū". 
As a legendary warrior and leader, Masamune is a character in a number of Japanese period dramas.
Lassy, Calvados
Lassy (French pronunciation: [lasi] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Terres de Druance.

The former commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.

Terres de Druance
Terres de Druance (French pronunciation: [tɛʁ də dʁyɑ̃s]) is a commune in the department of Calvados, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Lassy (the seat), Saint-Jean-le-Blanc and Saint-Vigor-des-Mézerets.
Cedar, Michigan
Cedar is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Leelanau County in the U.S. State of Michigan. The CDP had a population of 102 at the 2020 census. Cedar is located within Solon Township, and lies about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Traverse City. The town is known for its Polish heritage, and is home to an annual polka festival.

As an unincorporated community, Cedar has no legal autonomy of its own. However, it does have its own post office with the 49621 ZIP Code.

Leelanau County, Michigan
Leelanau County (/ˈliːlənɔː/ LEE-lə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,301. Since 2008, the county seat has been located within Suttons Bay Township, one mile east of the unincorporated village of Lake Leelanau. Before 2008, Leelanau County's seat was Leland. Leelanau County is included in the Traverse City metropolitan area of Northern Michigan. The largest settlement in Leelanau County by population is Greilickville, itself a suburb of Traverse City.

Leelanau County is coterminous with the Leelanau Peninsula, a roughly triangular-shaped peninsula that extends about 30 miles (50 km) off Michigan's Lower Peninsula into Lake Michigan. East of Leelanau County is Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan.

In 2011, the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, located in the county, won the title of "Most Beautiful Place in America" in a poll by morning news show Good Morning America.
Ijebu, Owo
Ijebu-Owolistenⓘ is one of the five quarters that together make up the township of Owo, in Owo local government area of Ondo State, south-western Nigeria. The transmission of courtly culture flowed in both directions between Owo and Benin kingdoms from the seventeenth century till date. Oral tradition claimed that the founders of Owo and Ijebu-Owo were the descendants of Ojugbelu Arere, the first Olowo of Owo who was a descendant of Oduduwa, the pioneer ruler of Ile-Ife. The king of the Ijebu-Owo is called Ojomo Oluda and the incumbent Ojomo Oluda is Oba (King) Kofoworola Oladoyinbo Ojomo, a retired General of the Nigerian Army.

Ojomo Oluda
The Ojomo Oluda is the Yoruba king of Ijebu, Owo in Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria. The king is believed to be a descendant of Ojugbelu Arere, the pioneer Olowo of Owo.
Ojomo Oluda also celebrates the Igogo festival with the incumbent Olowo of Owo since they are the descendants of the late Olowo Rerengejen, who married Oronsen, the goddess that brought about the annual Igogo festival.
Canelinha
Canelinha is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil. Canelinha is a small town, located 15.2 kilometres (9.4 mi) west of Tijucas and 9.9 kilometres (6.2 mi) by road east of São João Batista. It has an altitude of 17 metres and its population according to the 2020 estimate is 12,398 inhabitants. It has land area of 151.409 km2 (58.459 sq mi). The municipality was established on 23 December 1962.

Tijucas
Tijucas is a small (278.4 km2) city in the greater Florianópolis metropolitan area, Santa Catarina, Brazil. It was founded on June 13, 1860. It is located at latitude 27°14'29" South and longitude 48°38'01" West, with an altitude of 2 meters. Its population in 2020 was 39,155 inhabitants. It has an area of 278.91 km2.

Situated on the margins of the River Tijucas and through Tijucas BR 101 road, its main sources of income are the industries of pottery and agriculture.

With its totally flat central area and the interior filled with soft hills and streams, offers its guests a pleasant stay, enjoying nature with a population particularly hospitable.
Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet
Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet KCH FRS (20 May 1772 – 16 May 1828) was a British Army officer, Tory politician, publisher and inventor. A pioneer in the field of rocket artillery, he was renowned for his development and use of Congreve rockets during the Napoleonic Wars. His adaptation of Mysorean rocket technology from the Kingdom of Mysore represented a crucial development in the history of military rocketry, bridging Eastern innovation with Western industrial production and establishing rocket artillery as a practical weapon system that would influence military technology into the space age.

Rotunda, Woolwich
The Rotunda on Woolwich Common, in south-east London, was originally a 24-sided wooden structure designed by the architect John Nash. Intended as a temporary building, it was erected on the grounds of Carlton House in 1814 for use as an additional reception room for the many events hosted there by the Prince Regent in celebration of the allied victory over Napoleon. The first event held in the structure was a magnificent celebration in honour of the Duke of Wellington on 21 July 1814. It is a Grade II* listed building.
Westview Terrace, Roanoke, Virginia
37°18′25″N 79°59′48″W﻿ / ﻿37.30694°N 79.99667°W﻿ / 37.30694; -79.99667
Westview Terrace is a Roanoke, Virginia neighborhood located in northwest Roanoke.  It borders the neighborhoods of Peachtree/Norwood on the west, Villa Heights and Washington Heights on the south and Miller Court/Arrowood on the north and east. The neighborhood is predominantly residential in character throughout its area with limited commercial development along its Virginia State Route 117 (Peters Creek Road) frontage. Its development patterns typical of those experienced for an American city during the mid-20th century with low-density housing.

Peachtree/Norwood, Roanoke, Virginia
Peachtree/Norwood is a Roanoke, Virginia neighborhood located in far northwest Roanoke. It borders the neighborhoods of Edgewood-Summit Hills on the south, Washington Heights and Westview Terrace on the east, Roanoke County on the north and the City of Salem on the west.  The neighborhood is predominantly residential in character throughout its central area with commercial development along both its U.S. 460 (Melrose Avenue) and Virginia State Route 117 (Peters Creek Road) frontages. Its development patterns typical of those experienced for an American city during the mid-20th century with low-density housing.