hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GAPA Launch Site and Blockhouse
The GAPA Launch Site and Blockhouse near Knolls in Tooele County, Utah dates from 1946.  It is a work of the Boeing Airplane Co. Facilities Dept.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.  The listing included one contributing structure and one contributing site.

It is significant as the first launch site for the Ground-to-Air Pilotless Aircraft (GAPA) program of the U.S. Air Force, which was a supersonic guided missile system that preceded the Bomarc air defense missile.

According to its NRHP nomination, the site was "the birthplace of the United States Air Force supersonic missile flight test program."

SAM-A-1 GAPA
The Ground-to-Air Pilotless Aircraft (GAPA) was a short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) developed in the late 1940s by Boeing for the United States Army Air Forces, and then the United States Air Force after 1948. It was given the reference number SAM-A-1, the first Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) in the 1947 tri-service designation system. By 1950, over 100 test rockets had been launched using a variety of configurations and power plants, with one launch in 1949 setting the altitude record for a ramjet powered vehicle at 59,000 ft (18,000 m).

GAPA faced strong competition from the United States Army's Nike missile system, and was eventually cancelled in favour of Nike for deployment. The GAPA work was later re-used by the Boeing and Project Wizard team at the Michigan Aeronautical Research Center to develop a much longer-ranged missile, the CIM-10 Bomarc for the Air Force. The Bomarc would end up competing with the Army's Nike Hercules, and was deployed only in small numbers.
Wawatam Township, Michigan
Wawatam Township is a civil township of Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 711.

The village of Mackinaw City is located mostly within the township.

The township is named after Wawatam, an Odawa chief noted for rescuing British trader Alexander Henry the elder from the Ojibwas' capture of Fort Michilimackinac in 1763.

Wawatam
Wawatam (little goose)  (fl. 1762 – 1764) was an 18th-century Odawa chief who lived in the northern region of present-day Michigan's Lower Peninsula in an area along the Lake Michigan shoreline known by the Odawa as Waganawkezee (it is bent).
Satu Mare Chain Church
The Chains Church (Romanian: Biserica cu lanțuri; Hungarian: Láncos-templom), a Reformed church in Satu Mare, Romania, is one of the oldest churches in the city.

Located on Păcii Square, it was built based on the plans of Preinlich Sigismund, an engineer, between 1793 and 1802. The church has a valuable collection of plates, disks and glasses dating from 1657 to 1679, as well as the oldest bell in Satu Mare, dating to 1633. The church is surrounded by pillars connected by forged chains, hence the name The Chains Church.

The furniture inside the church was made between 1799 and 1807, from oak, by a master craftsman named Frits Iosif.

Satu Mare
Satu Mare (pronounced [ˈsatu ˈmare] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szatmárnémeti [sɒtmaːrneːmɛti]; German: Sathmar; Yiddish: סאטמאר Satmar or סאַטמער Satmer) is a city in Romania with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the region of Maramureș, broadly part of Transylvania. Mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum as castrum Zotmar ("Zotmar's fort"), the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages. Today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial, and business centre in the Nord-Vest development region.
Seitsentahokas
Seitsentahokas is the fourteenth album by the Finnish rock group CMX. It was released in 2013 and ranked as most sold album on The Official Finnish Charts.

Seitsentahokas is the first album with Olli-Matti Wahlström, as their former drummer Tuomas Peippo left after their previous album, "Iäti".

Compared to their previous effort, Seitsentahokas is more diverse. To that end, first single "Kusimyrsky" is more progressive and heavy while second single "Rikkisuudeltu" is simpler and more pop-based.

CMX (band)
CMX, originally Cloaca Maxima, is a Finnish rock band. They originally played hardcore punk, but soon expanded to play a wide variety of rock formats, including progressive rock, heavy metal, and mainstream rock 'n' roll. Throughout their career, they have been influenced by progressive rock bands such as Rush, Yes, Tool and King Crimson. The progressive influence is most evident on their albums Dinosaurus Stereophonicus (2000) and Talvikuningas (2007).

CMX have gradually gained large-scale mainstream following in Finland. They are especially known for the poetic lyrics of A. W. Yrjänä that often contain references to mythology and religion. Finnish rock magazines, particularly Rumba, have named them Best Band of the Year multiple times, and even Best Band of All Time on one occasion.
Paulo da Gama
Paulo da Gama (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpawlu ðɐ ˈɣɐmɐ]; c. 1465 – June or July 1499) was a Portuguese explorer, son of Estêvão da Gama and Isabel Sodré, and the older brother of Vasco da Gama.

He was a member of the first voyage from Europe to India, led by his brother, commanding the ship São Rafael, which would be later scuttled in the return trip. Paulo da Gama joined  the São Gabriel. His brother brought him to the Terceira Island of the Azores and stayed with him until his death, before he returned to Portugal in September 1499. Paulo da Gama is buried in the monastery of São Francisco in the city of Angra do Heroísmo.

Angra do Heroísmo
Angra do Heroísmo, officially the Very Noble, Loyal and Ever Steadfast City of Angra do Heroísmo, or simply Angra, is a city and municipality on Terceira Island, Portugal, and one of the three capital cities of the Azores. Founded in 1478, Angra was historically the most important city in the Azores, as seat of the Bishop of the Azores, government entities, and having previously served as the capital city of Portugal during the Liberal Wars. The population in 2011 was 35,402, in an area of 239.00 km2. It was classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1983.
Tippet
A tippet is a piece of clothing worn over the shoulders in the shape of a scarf or cape. Tippets evolved in the  fourteenth century from long sleeves and typically had one end hanging down to the knees. A tippet (or tappit) could also be the long, narrow, streamer-like strips of fabric - attached with an armband just above the elbow - that hung gracefully to the knee or even to the ground. In later fashion, a tippet is often any scarf-like wrap, usually made of fur, such as the  sixteenth-century zibellino or the fur-lined capelets worn in the  mid-18th century.

1700–1750 in Western fashion
Fashion in the period 1700–1750 in European and European-influenced countries was characterized by a widening silhouette for both men and women following the tall, narrow look of the 1680s and 90s. The period corresponded with the late Baroque/Rococo visual styles. Natural hair and wigs were often powdered white to achieve the fashionable look. The costume of the eighteenth century was picturesque.

The period distinguished between full dress worn at court and for formal occasions, and undress or everyday, daytime clothes. As the decades progressed, fewer and fewer occasions called for full dress, which had all but disappeared by the end of the century.

Fashion designers became more popular during this period, as men and women were eager to be dressed in the latest trends and styles. Fashion magazines emerged during this era, originally aimed at educated readers, but quickly capturing the attention of lower classes with their colorful illustrations and up-to-date fashion news.
Range of motion
Range of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another.

In biomechanics and strength training, ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. The act of attempting to increase this distance through therapeutic exercises (range of motion therapy—stretching from flexion to extension for physiological gain) is also sometimes called range of motion.

In mechanical engineering, it is (also called range of travel or ROT) used particularly when talking about mechanical devices, such as a sound volume control knob.

Strength training
Strength training, also known as weight training or resistance training, is exercise designed to improve physical strength. It may involve lifting weights, bodyweight exercises (e.g., push-ups, pull-ups, and squats), isometrics (holding a position under tension, like planks), and plyometrics (explosive movements like jump squats and box jumps).

Training works by progressively increasing the force output of the muscles and uses a variety of exercises and types of equipment. Strength training is primarily an anaerobic activity, although circuit training also is a form of aerobic exercise.

Strength training can increase muscle, tendon, and ligament strength as well as bone density, metabolism, and the lactate threshold; improve joint and cardiac function; and reduce the risk of injury in athletes and the elderly. For many sports and physical activities, strength training is central or is used as part of their training regimen.
Madrid Stock Exchange General Index
The Madrid Stock Exchange General Index (IGBM) is a capitalization-weighted stock market index that measures the performance of a selected number of continuous market stocks. It is the principal index for the Bolsa de Madrid (Madrid Stock Exchange) and represents the construction, financial services, communications, consumer, capital/intermediate goods, energy and market service sectors. The index is calculated by BME. The index was developed with a base value of 100 as of December 31, 1985.

Bolsa de Madrid
Bolsa de Madrid (Spanish pronunciation: [bolsa ðe ˈmaðɾið]; Madrid Stock Exchange) is the largest and most international of Spain's four regional stock exchanges (the others are located in Barcelona, Valencia, and Bilbao) that trade shares and convertible bonds and fixed income securities, and both government and private-sector debt. Bolsa de Madrid is owned by Bolsas y Mercados Españoles.
2021 Scottish Labour leadership election
The 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election was triggered on 14 January 2021 by the resignation of Richard Leonard as leader of the Scottish Labour Party, who had led the party since 2017. Two candidates were nominated, Anas Sarwar and Monica Lennon.

Ballots opened on 9 February and closed on 26 February. Sarwar was elected as leader on 27 February, winning 57.6% of the vote to Lennon's 42.4%.

James Kelly (Scottish politician)
James Anthony Kelly (born 23 October 1963) is a Scottish politician who served as General Secretary of the Scottish Labour Party between 2021 and 2023. He was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Glasgow region between 2016 and 2021, having previously been MSP for Rutherglen (formerly Glasgow Rutherglen) from 2007 to 2016.

Kelly has held a number of Scottish Labour frontbench posts including Finance Spokesperson and Justice Spokesperson under Richard Leonard from 2017 to 2020. He served as the Scottish Labour Party's Parliamentary Business Manager at Holyrood as well as Spokesperson for Community Safety and Drugs Policy.
Lloyd Hildebrand
Lloyd Augustin Biden Hildebrand (25 December 1870, in Tottenham, United Kingdom – 1 April 1924, in Levallois-Perret, France) was a British-born racing cyclist who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Hildebrand was still a British citizen in 1900, although he lived in France for much of his life and married a Frenchwoman. He participated in cycling at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, winning the silver medal in the men's 25 kilometre race. as well as the bronze medal 1900 Track Cycling World Championships.

Historically, his Olympic success was regarded as a British medal, but in 2024 his success was reassigned to France by the International Olympic Committee.

Cycling at the 1900 Summer Olympics
The 1900 Summer Olympics were held as part of the 1900 World's Fair, during which many cycling events were contested. The IOC website currently affirms a total of 3 medal events, after accepting, as it appears, the recommendation of Olympic historian Bill Mallon regarding events that should be considered "Olympic". These additional events include the men's points race. Thus, three cycling events are considered Olympic events. These three competitions were held between 9 September and 16 September 1900. The cycling part of the World's Fair included 250 competitors, 160 of them French. In the sprint and 25 km events, 72 competitors, all men, from seven nations competed.
Kremlin Ring
The Kremlin Ring (Russian: Кремлёвское кольцо; transliteration: Kremlovskoye Koltso), also called the Central Squares of Moscow, consists of a chain of squares around the historical Moscow Kremlin and Kitai-gorod areas of central Moscow, Russia, following the historical and now mostly razed Kitai-gorod wall. These squares and avenues connecting them form the innermost ring road in Moscow open to regular traffic. The names of central squares changed frequently for political reasons and as a result of urban redevelopment; some of these squares are actually city streets (Staraya Square, Novaya Square); other locations are shaped like squares, but have no names of their own.

Kitay-gorod
Kitay-gorod (Russian: Китай-город, romanized: Kitay-gorod, lit. 'China-city', Russian pronunciation: [kʲɪˈtaj ˈɡorət]), also referred to as the Great Possad (Великий Посад) in the 16th and 17th centuries, is a cultural and historical area within the central part of Moscow in Russia, defined by the remnants of now almost entirely razed fortifications, narrow streets and very densely built cityscape. It is separated from the Kremlin by the Red Square. Kitay-gorod does not constitute a district (raion), as there are no resident voters, thus, municipal elections are not possible. Rather, the territory has been part of Tverskoy District, and the Central Administrative Okrug authorities have managed the area directly since 2003.
2007–08 Liga Indonesia Premier Division
The 2007–08 Liga Indonesia Premier Division (also known as the Liga Djarum Indonesia for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th season of the Liga Indonesia Premier Division as well as its final season as the top Indonesian professional league for association football clubs.

Djarum
PT Djarum (Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈdʒarʊm]) is an Indonesian cigarette manufacturer and conglomerate based in Kudus, Central Java. It produces dozens of domestic and international brands, mainly kretek (clove cigarette). Djarum Black, Super, and L.A. Lights are among the most popular products of Djarum. Under its direct parent, PT Dwimuria Investama Andalan (also known as Djarum Group), it has non-cigarette business lines in technology, banking, and food.

The company owns the PB Djarum, a professional badminton club, the Italian football club Como, and was the main sponsor of Indonesia's top football league, including the Divisi Utama from 2005 to 2008 and Indonesia Super League (ISL), from 2008 to 2011.
2010 Alaska USAF C-17 crash
On  July 28, 2010, a C-17 Globemaster III transport plane of the U.S. Air Force (USAF) crashed at Elmendorf Air Force Base in Alaska, while practicing for a flight display at the upcoming Arctic Thunder Air Show. All four crew members on board were killed. It is the only fatal accident of a C-17 aircraft.

The subsequent investigation blamed pilot error for the low-altitude stall that led to the crash.

Elmendorf Air Force Base
Elmendorf Air Force Base (IATA: EDF, ICAO: PAED, FAA LID: EDF) is a United States Air Force (USAF) facility in Anchorage, Alaska. Originally known as Elmendorf Field, it became Elmendorf Air Force Base after World War II.

It is the home of the Headquarters, Alaskan Air Command (ALCOM), Alaskan NORAD Region (ANR), Eleventh Air Force (11 AF), the 673d Air Base Wing, the 3rd Wing, the 176th Wing and other tenant units.

In 2010, it was amalgamated with nearby Fort Richardson to form Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson. The adjacent facilities were officially combined by the 2005 Base Closure and Realignment Commission. Its mission is to support and defend U.S. interests in the Asia-Pacific region and around the world by providing units who are ready for worldwide air power projection and a base that is capable of meeting United States Pacific Command's theater staging and throughput requirements.
Madpur, Punjab
Madpur Village is situated in Ludhiana district, in the Indian state of Punjab. It is 48 km from the district headquarters in Ludhiana. Madpur also has Gram Panchayat. Madpur Village's population is 2,168 people, of which the male population is 1,132 and the female population is 1,052.

Madpur Village's Pin code is 141114.

Ludhiana district
Ludhiana district is one of the 23 districts in the Indian state of Punjab. It is Punjab's largest district by both area and population. Ludhiana, the largest city in Punjab, is the district headquarters.

The main industries are bicycle parts and hosiery. Ludhiana is a hub of ladies footwear manufacturing, with around 10,000 small-scale units. The district is made up of seven tehsils, seven sub-tehsils and twelve development blocks.

Ludhiana district has the highest HDI in Punjab at 0.761 (2004 UNDP).
The New Age of Terror
The New Age of Terror is the third studio album by American thrash metal band Hirax and the first after their reunion. It consisted of new members with an added guitarist, now making it a five-piece band. The final track "Unleash the Dogs of War (Open the Gates)" opens with a quote from the 2003 film Underworld, "You're acting like a pack of rabid dogs."

Hirax
Hirax (often stylized as HIRAX) is an American thrash metal band from Cypress, California. Starting in 1984 under the leadership of vocalist Katon W. De Pena (the band's only original member left in the current line-up), the band played in Los Angeles and San Francisco with several of their thrash metal peers such as Metallica, Exodus, and Slayer. The band was an early example of thrash metal, speed metal and crossover thrash, yet inspired by cross-genre influences including blues vocalist Sam Cooke, who De Pena once cited as "the greatest vocalist [De Pena] has ever heard."
Maurice Webb (architect)
Maurice Everett Webb (1880–1939) was an English architect of the early 20th century, who started his architectural career working for his famous architect father, Sir Aston Webb, the practice trading as Sir Aston Webb and Son for some years. He was the first chairman of the Building Centre in London.

The Building Centre
The Building Centre is a building in central London for venue hire, used to promote innovation in the built environment. It is run by the Built Environment Trust, a charitable body which was formed in 2015 to replace an earlier charity, the Building Centre Trust, established in 1963.
Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)
The Assembly of the Republic (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Meclisi) is the parliament of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It has 50 members, elected for a five-year term by mitigated proportional representation. A party must cross the electoral threshold (5% of the total vote) to be awarded any seats. The parliament is composed of 50 MPs, chosen from six electoral districts, which are coterminous with the districts of Northern Cyprus: Lefkoşa, Gazimağusa, Girne, Güzelyurt, Lefke and İskele.

In Northern Cyprus parliamentary elections, voters vote for individual candidates. There are two ways of voting.

Voters can vote for a party, which in effect is voting for every MP candidate from that party in that district once. The voter can further prioritize the MPs in this kind of voting.

Alternatively, the voter may not choose a party, but vote for candidates from different parties. In this kind of mixed voting, the voter cannot choose more than the number of MPs the district is allotted.

Lefke District
Lefke District (Turkish: Lefke İlçesi) is a district of Northern Cyprus. Its capital is Lefka, also known by its Turkish name, Lefke. It had been a sub-district of the Güzelyurt District between 1998 (when that district was separated from the Lefkoşa District) and 27 December 2016. On 27 December 2016, the Assembly of the Republic unanimously voted to separate Lefke and make it the sixth district. Its population was recorded as 11,091 in the 2011 census, constituting 3.9% of the population of Northern Cyprus.

Erenköy (Kokkina) exclave is part of the district.
Princeton, British Columbia
Princeton is a town municipality in the Similkameen region of southern British Columbia, Canada. The former mining and railway hub lies at the confluence of the Tulameen into the Similkameen River, just east of the Cascade Mountains. At the junction of BC Highway 3 and 5A, the locality is by road about 67 kilometres (42 mi) northwest of Keremeos, 133 kilometres (83 mi) east of Hope, and 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Merritt.

British Columbia Highway 5A
Highway 5A is Highway 5's pre-1986 alignment south of Kamloops.  Unlike the main route, a section of BC Highway 5 known as the Coquihalla, which is a twinned highway consisting of at least 4 lanes at any given point, the 182 km (113 mi) long Highway 5A is only two lanes, with one four lane section between Highway 5 and Highway 97C (known as the Okanagan Connector), lasting along BC Highway 5A for approximately 23 km (14 mi).
Downing Street refurbishment controversy
The financing of the 2020 refurbishment of the flat above 11 Downing Street, the official residence of the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, became the subject of a controversy in 2021 when allegations were made in the press as to whether an undisclosed loan was used initially to help finance it. An Electoral Commission inquiry found that the Conservative Party had not accurately reported donations to the party and imposed a £17,800 fine on the party. The commission also said that the full cost of the works had been repaid in full in March 2021. The Conservative Party had said at the time that the Prime Minister had met the full cost of the works.

11 Downing Street
11 Downing Street in London, also known colloquially in the United Kingdom as Number 11, is the official residence of the chancellor of the exchequer (who traditionally also has the title of Second Lord of the Treasury). The residence, in Downing Street in London, was built alongside the official residence of the Prime Minister at Number 10 in 1682.

The first chancellor to live there was Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice in 1806, but Number 11 did not become the chancellor's official residence until 1828.

From 1997 to 2022, prime ministers Tony Blair, Gordon Brown, David Cameron, Theresa May and Boris Johnson chose to reside for all or part of their term of office in the flat above Number 11, as its residential apartment is larger than at Number 10. Rishi Sunak broke with this by resuming residence in the smaller flat above Number 10. Current Prime Minister Keir Starmer, his wife Victoria, and their two children live above Number 11.