hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Academic dress
Academic dress is a traditional form of clothing for academic settings, mainly tertiary (and sometimes secondary) education, worn mainly by those who have obtained a university degree (or similar), or hold a status that entitles them to assume them (e.g., undergraduate students at certain old universities). It is also known as academical dress, academicals, or academic regalia.

Contemporarily, it is commonly seen only at graduation ceremonies, but formerly academic dress was, and to a lesser degree in many ancient universities still is, worn daily. Today, the ensembles are distinctive in some way to each institution, and generally consist of a gown (also known as a robe) with a separate hood, and usually a cap (generally a square academic cap, a tam, or a bonnet). Academic dress is also worn by members of certain learned societies and institutions as official dress.

Biretta
The biretta (Latin: biretum, birretum) is a square cap with three or four peaks or horns, sometimes surmounted by a tuft.  Traditionally the three-peaked biretta is worn by Christian clergy, especially Roman Catholic clergy, as well as some Lutheran and Anglican clergy. A four-peaked biretta is worn as academic dress (but not liturgically) by those holding a doctoral degree from a pontifical faculty or pontifical university or faculty. Occasionally the biretta is worn by legal professionals, for instance advocates in the Channel Islands or judges in some Polish courts.
Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway
The Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway is a double-track, electrified high-speed railway between Hanover and Würzburg in Germany, 327 kilometres (203 mi) in length. The line, built between 1973 and 1991, was the longest contiguous new project constructed by Deutsche Bundesbahn. The total costs were almost DM 11.9 billion (around €6.1 billion; 1980/90s prices).

The line is part of the core network of the Trans-European Transport Networks. It is scheduled to be used by around 110 long-distance trains daily at up to 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) during the day and by an average of 26 freight trains at night with a total of 37,460 gross tonnes (83 million pounds), running at up to 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph). In 2020, the number of passengers on the line was estimated to be 15.5 million. To date, it is the longest greenfield line for high-speed traffic in Germany.

Hannover Messe/Laatzen station
Hannover Messe/Laatzen station is a Category 4 station in the German town of Laatzen near the Hanover fairground (German: Messegelände Hannover). It is normally served only by the Hanover S-Bahn. During major events such as CeBIT and Hanover Messe, all passing regional and long distance trains stop at the station. The station opened in 2000, replacing the old Messe station, which was located on a spur line in the fairgrounds.
Renens
Renens (French pronunciation: [ʁə.n̪ɑ̃] ⓘ) is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. It is located in the district of Ouest Lausannois, and is a suburb of the city of Lausanne. It is the fourth largest city in the canton. It is considered a very multiethnic town, as more than 50% of the inhabitants are resident foreign nationals from about a hundred countries.

Renens VD railway station
Renens VD railway station is a railway and metro station in Renens, Vaud, Switzerland, west of the city of Lausanne.  It is served by trains of the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) on the Lausanne–Geneva railway and the M1 metro line in Lausanne (also called TSOL). It is one of the termini of the Lausanne Metro system.
Raspadskaya (company)
OJSC Raspadskaya (Russian: ОАО Распадская) is a Russia-based coal-mining company owned by Evraz (82%)  and headquartered in Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo Oblast. The company produces 7 million tons of coal per year (in 2012).

In addition to the main Raspadskaya coal mine, Russia's largest single underground mine, Raspadskaya group consists of about 20 industrial, transportation, infrastructure and financial enterprises. The company export to Ukraine and Eastern Europe and is in the process of actively exploring entry into the South-Asian markets.

Evraz
EVRAZ plc (Russian: Евраз) is a UK-incorporated multinational steel manufacturing and mining company part-owned by Russian oligarchs. It has operations mainly in Russia as well as the USA, Canada, and Kazakhstan.

Its listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) has been suspended since March 2022 because of sanctions over the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As of November 2025 the shares remained suspended.
Bōgutsuki Karate
Bōgutsuki Karate (防具付き空手 or ぼうぐつきからて, eng. Karate with Armour) is one of the competition formats of Karate.
It is also known as bōgu karate (防具空手, Armour Karate), bōgu-tsuki shiai (防具付試合), bōgu-tsuki kumite (防具付組手, Kumite with Armour).

Nippon Kempo
Nippon Kempo (日本拳法, Nippon Kenpō) is a Japanese martial art created by Muneomi Sawayama in 1932. Sawayama was a judoka who had studied under Kenwa Mabuni, a karate practictioner who would establish the Shitō school of Karate. There are multiple schools and groups based on the Nippon Kempo Association launched by Sawayama, and each has its own rules. It is typically practised wearing protective gear (face, body, crotch, etc.) and gloves and allows full use of stand-up striking, throwing, and ground fighting.
Battle of Legnica
The Battle of Legnica (Polish: bitwa pod Legnicą), also known as the Battle of Liegnitz (German: Schlacht von Liegnitz) or Battle of Wahlstatt (German: Schlacht bei Wahlstatt), was fought between the Mongol Empire and combined European forces at the village of Legnickie Pole (Wahlstatt), approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of the city of Legnica in the Duchy of Silesia on 9 April 1241.: 97–99

A combined force of Poles and Moravians under the command of Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia, supported by feudal nobility and a few knights from military orders sent by Pope Gregory IX, attempted to halt the Mongol invasion of Poland.  The battle took place two days before the Mongol victory over the Hungarians at the much larger Battle of Mohi.

Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
Wenceslaus I (Czech: Václav I.; c. 1205 – 23 September 1253), called One-Eyed, was King of Bohemia from 1230 to 1253.

Wenceslaus was a son of Ottokar I of Bohemia and his second wife Constance of Hungary.
Kerman province
Kerman province (Persian: استان کرمان) is the largest of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Kerman.

The province is in the southeast of Iran. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5. Mentioned in ancient times as the Achaemenid satrapy of Carmania, Kerman province has an area of 183,285 km2 (70,767 sq mi), encompassing nearly 11% of the land area of Iran.

Provinces of Iran
Iran is subdivided into thirty-one provinces (Persian: استان, romanized: Ostân), which are the first-level administrative divisions of the country. Each province is governed from a local centre, usually the largest local city, which is called the capital (Persian: مرکز, romanized: Markaz) of the province. The provincial authority is headed by a governor-general (Persian: استاندار, romanized: Ostândâr), who is appointed by the Minister of the Interior subject to approval of the cabinet. The provinces are subdivided into counties, districts (Persian: بخش, romanized: bakhsh) and villages.
Loss of heterozygosity
In genetics, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a type of genetic abnormality in diploid organisms in which one copy of an entire gene and its surrounding chromosomal region are lost. Since diploid cells have two copies of their genes, one from each parent, a single copy of the lost gene still remains when this happens, but any heterozygosity (slight differences between the versions of the gene inherited from each parent) is no longer present.

Retinoblastoma protein
The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated Rb or pRb; gene name abbreviated Rb, RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers. One function of pRb is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to divide. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is inactivated by phosphorylation, and the cell cycle is allowed to progress. It is also a recruiter of several chromatin remodeling enzymes such as methylases and acetylases.

pRb belongs to the pocket protein family, whose members have a pocket for the functional binding of other proteins. Should an oncogenic protein, such as those produced by cells infected by high-risk types of human papillomavirus, bind and inactivate pRb, this can lead to cancer. The RB gene may have been responsible for the evolution of multicellularity in several lineages of life including animals.
Hekendorp
Hekendorp is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Oudewater, and lies about 6 km east of Gouda.

Hekendorp was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1964, when it merged with Driebruggen. During this period, the area was part of the province South Holland. In 1857, the municipality of Oukoop was added to Hekendorp, even though the two former municipalities did not border each other.

The Goejanverwellesluis where the patriots stopped Wilhelmina van Pruisen is located in Hekendorp.

Oukoop, South Holland
Oukoop is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the former municipality of Reeuwijk, and lies about 4 km east of Gouda.

The statistical area "Oukoop", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 60.

Oukoop was a separate municipality between 1818 and 1857, when it merged with Hekendorp.
Charlotte Eagles
Template:Charlotte Eagles sections

The Charlotte Eagles is an American amateur soccer team based in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Founded in 1991, the team plays in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid.

The team plays its home games at the Sportsplex at Matthews. The team's colors are orange, white and blue.

Sportsplex at Matthews
The Sportsplex at Matthews is a large sports complex and park in Matthews, North Carolina, southeast of Charlotte, featuring 12 full-sized soccer fields anchored by a 2,300-seat stadium. The stadium currently seats 5,000 as it has been expanded using modular seating.

In 2018 bleacher seating was placed around Field 10 creating a smaller auxiliary stadium used by the Charlotte Independence as a training field and occasionally by the Charlotte Eagles and Lady Eagles for matches.
Intersex rights in the United States
Intersex people in the United States have some of the same rights as other people, but with significant gaps, particularly in protection from non-consensual cosmetic medical interventions and violence, and protection from discrimination. Actions by intersex civil society organizations aim to eliminate harmful practices, promote social acceptance, and equality. In recent years, intersex activists have also secured some forms of legal recognition.

InterACT
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization advocating for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organization was founded in 2006 and formally incorporated on April 12, 2010.
Tri-Rivers District
The Tri-Rivers District is a high school conference in the state of Virginia that comprises high schools in Southeastern Virginia west of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area.  The Tri-Rivers District schools compete in Region 1B with the schools from the Bull Run District, the Dogwood District, the James River District, the Shenandoah District, and the Tidewater District of the Virginia High School League.

Shenandoah District (VHSL)
The Shenandoah District is a sports conference of the Virginia High School League which draws its members from the central part of the Shenandoah Valley, specifically clustered around Staunton and Waynesboro. The schools in the Shenandoah District compete in Region 1B with the schools of the Bull Run District, the Dogwood District, the James River District, the Tidewater District, and the Tri-Rivers District.
Pereiaslav
Pereiaslav is a historical city in Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast, central Ukraine. It is located near the confluence of the Alta and Trubizh rivers some 95 km (59.03 mi) southeast of the capital Kyiv. It was one of the key regional centers of power during the Middle Ages and served as the capital of a principality. Pereiaslav hosts the administration of Pereiaslav urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately 26,273 (2022 estimate).

Possessing more than 20 museums, Pereiaslav is often described as a "living museum", and was granted the status of Historical and Ethnographic Reserve.

Sholem Aleichem
Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich (Russian: Соломон Наумович Рабинович; March 2 [O.S. February 18] 1859 – May 13, 1916), better known under his pen name Sholem Aleichem, was a Yiddish author and playwright who lived in the Russian Empire and in the United States. The 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof, based on Aleichem's stories about Tevye the Dairyman, was the first commercially successful English-language stage production about Jewish life in Eastern Europe.

The Hebrew phrase שלום עליכם (shalom aleichem) literally means "[May] peace [be] upon you!", and is a greeting in traditional Hebrew and Yiddish.
Tarucus waterstradti dharta
Tarucus waterstradti dharta, the Assam Pierrot, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.

Formerly considered a distinct species, it is now generally regarded as a well-marked subspecies of T. waterstradti.

Tarucus waterstradti
Tarucus waterstradti  is a small butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. It was first described by Hamilton Herbert Druce in 1895.The name honours John Waterstradt.

The larva is found on Eugenia, (in association with Crematogaster ants).
Type 052 destroyer
The Type 052 (NATO/OSD Luhu-class destroyer) is a class of destroyers developed in the People's Republic of China (PRC) for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). The Type 052 was an intermediate between the obsolescent Type 051 and the modern Type 052B destroyers. They were the first PLAN destroyers powered by gas turbines, and the first PLAN ships with modern combat direction systems (CDS). They were also part of the first generation of PLAN warships armed with surface-to-air missiles in the form of the short-range Crotale (called HQ-7 in Chinese service.)

The Type 052 used subsystems imported from the United States and the European Union. The embargo after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre ended the supply of and support for those subsystems, limiting production to two ships and likely affecting their operating efficiency due to system integration issues. Afterward, China turned to Russia and Ukraine for technology.

Type 051 destroyer
The Type 051 destroyer (NATO/OSD Luda-class destroyer) was a class of guided missile destroyers based on the hull of the Soviet Neustrashimy-class destroyer deployed by China. It was the first guided missile destroyer fielded by the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), and the first designed and built in China. 17 were built from 1970 to 1990; it was not until the 21st century that China would again build a class in such large numbers.

NATO/OSD broadly grouped variants from refits and newer construction under the Luda I, Luda II, Luda III, and Luda IV classes.
Australia Unites: Reach Out to Asia
Australia Unites: Reach Out to Asia was a telethon held in Australia on 8 January 2005. The telethon raised money for World Vision, as a part of the humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. It was telecast on the three commercial television networks (the Seven Network, the Nine Network and Network Ten, by ABC Asia Pacific and through regional stations as well). It was the first time all three television networks produced a telethon as a unit. It was also simulcast on the Triple M network, Mix 94.5 Perth, ARN (Mix and Classic Hits), and Nova stations.

Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
The humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake of a magnitude of 9.2–9.3 was prompted by one of the worst natural disasters of modern times. On 26 December 2004, the earthquake, which struck off the northwest coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, generated a tsunami that wreaked havoc along much of the rim of the Indian Ocean. Particularly hard-hit were the countries of Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka and Thailand. About 230,000 people were killed, tens of thousands more were injured, and 1.7 million became homeless and displaced.
The Blue Nowhere
The Blue Nowhere is the eleventh studio album by the American progressive metal band Between the Buried and Me. It was released on September 12, 2025 through InsideOut Music, their first release with the label. It is also their first album without member Dustie Waring since their 2005 release Alaska, and their first as a four-piece band. The song "Things We Tell Ourselves In The Dark" serves as the first single for the band released with a musical video on June 12, 2025. The four-year gap is the longest the band has had between studio albums, since the release of Colors II in 2021.

It was elected by Loudwire as one of the 11 best progressive metal albums of 2025.

Tommy Giles Rogers Jr.
Tommy Giles Rogers (born December 30, 1980) is an American musician, most notable for being the lead vocalist, keyboardist and lyricist of the progressive metal band Between the Buried and Me, which he co-founded in 2000. His vocal style combines death growls and screams with peaceful clean singing melodies, sometimes including falsetto. In 2005, Stylus Magazine named Rogers one of the three most versatile rock singers at the time.
Legal monopoly
A legal monopoly, statutory monopoly, or de jure monopoly is a monopoly that is protected by law from competition. A statutory monopoly may take the form of a government monopoly where the state owns the particular means of production or government-granted monopoly where a private interest is protected from competition such as being granted exclusive rights to offer a particular service in a specific region (e.g. patented inventions) while agreeing to have their policies and prices regulated. This type of monopoly is usually contrasted with de facto monopoly which is a broad category for monopolies that are not created by government.

De facto monopoly
A de facto monopoly is a monopoly that was not created by the government. It is most often used in contrast to de jure monopoly, which is one that is protected from competition by government action.

In a free market without government intervention this kind of monopoly is theoretically unobtainable for any extended amount of time. A de facto monopoly is only able to be achieved by providing a far demanded product at all times compared to the competition, and even then there would not be a 100% market share.
Cross-check (chess)
In chess, a cross-check (or counter-check) is a tactic in which a check is played in response to a check, especially when the original check is blocked by a piece that itself either delivers check or reveals a discovered check from another piece. Sometimes the term is extended to cover cases in which the king moves out of check and reveals a discovered check from another piece (this is also known as a royal check); it does not generally apply to cases where the original checking piece is captured.

The cross-check is an essential tactic in winning some endgames such as those with two queens versus one, or a queen and pawn versus a queen.  In these cases, the defense usually tries for a perpetual check and sometimes the stronger side can stop it only by a cross-check.

Check (chess)
In chess and similar games, check is a condition that occurs when a player's king is under immediate threat of capture on the very next turn. A king so threatened is said to be in check, and the attacker traditionally warns their opponent by saying the word "check". A player must get out of check if possible by moving the king to an unattacked square, interposing a piece between the threatening piece and the king, or capturing the threatening piece. If the player cannot remove the check by any of these options, or if using any of these options would result in the player being in check by another piece, the game ends in checkmate and the player loses. Players cannot make any move that puts their own king in check.
ISO 639:v
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with V.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:j
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with J.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
Carpaneto Piacentino
Carpaneto Piacentino (Piacentino: Carpané) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Piacenza.

Sights include the Badagnano Castle and the Olmeto Castle, both located in the frazione of Badagnano.

Carpaneto Piacentino borders the following municipalities: Cadeo, Castell'Arquato, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Gropparello, Lugagnano Val d'Arda, Pontenure, San Giorgio Piacentino.

San Giorgio Piacentino
San Giorgio Piacentino (Piacentino: San Zorz, IPA: [saŋ ˈzɔːrz] or [saŋ ˈzɔːʁz]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Piacenza.

San Giorgio Piacentino borders the following municipalities: Carpaneto Piacentino, Gropparello, Podenzano, Ponte dell'Olio, Pontenure, Vigolzone.
Equatorial room
An equatorial room, in astronomical observatories, is the room which contains an equatorial mounted telescope. It is usually referred to in observatory buildings that contain more than one type of instrument: for example buildings with an "equatorial room" containing an equatorial telescope and a "transit room" containing a transit telescope. Equatorial rooms tend to be large circular rooms to accommodate all the range of motion of a long telescope on an equatorial mount and are usually topped with a dome to keep out the weather.

In some cases an observatory would move to a new location, or the equatorial telescope itself would be removed. The space would then be converted, for example, into use as a classroom or library. These peculiar rooms can sometimes be found in buildings at old colleges and towns, with their former use long forgotten.

Equatorial mount
An equatorial mount is a mount for instruments that compensates for Earth's rotation by having one rotational axis, called polar axis, parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation. This type of mount is used for astronomical telescopes and cameras. The advantage of an equatorial mount lies in its ability to allow the instrument attached to it to stay fixed on any celestial object with diurnal motion by driving one axis at a constant speed. Such an arrangement is called a sidereal drive or clock drive. Equatorial mounts achieve this by aligning their rotational axis with the Earth, a process known as polar alignment.