hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sampang Regency
Sampang Regency (Madurese: Kabhupatèn Sâmpang) is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) of East Java province, Indonesia. It is situated on Madura Island, bordering on Pamekasan Regency to the east, the Java Sea to the north, Bangkalan Regency to the west, and Madura Strait to the south. It covers an area of 1,228.25 km2, and had a population of at the 2010 census of 877,772 and at the 2020 census of 969,694; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,033,926 - comprising 512,140 males and 521,786 females. The administrative centre is the port of Sampang, on the south coast of Madura.

Madurese language
Madurese (/ˌmædʒʊˈriːz/ MAD-juh-REEZ; Bhâsa Madhurâ, Pegon script: ݒا࣪سا ماڊۅرا࣪, Carakan script: ꦧꦱꦩꦝꦸꦫ, IPA: [bʰɤsa maʈʰurɤ]) is a language of the Madurese people, native to the Madura Island and eastern part of Java, Indonesia; it is also spoken by migrants to other parts of Indonesia, namely the Surabaya, Malang, Gresik, eastern salient of Java (comprising Pasuruan, Bondowoso, Probolinggo, Situbondo, Jember, Lumajang, to Banyuwangi), the Masalembu Islands, Raas Islands, and some on Kalimantan. It was traditionally written in the Javanese script, but the Latin script and the Pegon script (based on Arabic script) is now more commonly used. The number of speakers, though shrinking, is estimated to be 10–14 million, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the country. Bawean language, which is a dialect of Madurese, is also spoken by Bawean people in Bawean Island, Indonesia. Then also by their descendants in Malaysia and Singapore.
Khurasan Road
The (Great) Khurasan Road was the great trunk road connecting Mesopotamia to the Iranian Plateau and thence to Central Asia, China, and the Indus Valley.

It is very well-documented in the Abbasid period, when it connected the core of the capital city of Baghdad with the northeastern province of Khurasan.

Royal Road
The Royal Road is an ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt for trade in the 5th century BC Achaemenid Empire. The road was built to facilitate rapid communication on the western part of the large empire from Susa to Sardis and was probably perfected under Darius I. Mounted couriers of the Angarium were supposed to travel 1,677 miles (2,699 km) from Susa to Sardis in nine days; the journey took ninety days on foot.
Yankton County, South Dakota
Yankton County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,310, making it the 9th most populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Yankton. Yankton County comprises the Yankton, SD Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Lewis and Clark Lake
Lewis and Clark Lake is a 31,400 acre (130 km2) reservoir located on the border of the U.S. states of Nebraska and South Dakota on the Missouri River. The lake is approximately 25 miles (40 km) in length with over 90 miles (140 km) of shoreline and a maximum water depth of 45 feet (14 m). The lake is impounded by Gavins Point Dam and is managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District.
1958 Dutch Grand Prix
The 1958 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 26 May 1958 at Zandvoort. It was race 3 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 3 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.

Circuit Zandvoort
Circuit Zandvoort (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪrˈkʋi ˈzɑntfoːrt]), known for sponsorship reasons as Mascot Circuit Zandvoort, previously known as Circuit Park Zandvoort until 2017, is a 4.259 km (2.646 mi) motorsport race track located in the dunes north of Zandvoort, the Netherlands, near the North Sea coast line and 35 km (22 mi) west of Amsterdam. It returned to the Formula One calendar in 2021 as the location of the revived Dutch Grand Prix. This partnership with Formula One will end in 2026. The circuit has been named as Mascot Circuit Zandvoort for at least three years since July 2025.
South Cambridgeshire Rural District
52°05′46″N 0°05′13″E﻿ / ﻿52.096°N 0.087°E﻿ / 52.096; 0.087
South Cambridgeshire was a rural district located in Cambridgeshire, England. It was established in 1934 under a County Review Order, resulting from the merger of Linton Rural District, Melbourn Rural District, and part of Caxton and Arrington Rural District. In 1965, it became part of the new administrative county of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely. The council offices were situated at County Hall, Hobson Street, Cambridge, and the Council held its meetings at Shire Hall, Castle Hill, also in Cambridge, though both locations were outside the district. It was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and merged with the Chesterton Rural District to form a new South Cambridgeshire district.

Linton Rural District
52°06′N 0°17′E﻿ / ﻿52.10°N 0.28°E﻿ / 52.10; 0.28
Linton was a rural district in Cambridgeshire, England, from 1894 to 1934.

It was formed in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894, covering the area of the previous Linton rural sanitary district, save for the Essex parish of Bartlow End, which was placed in the Saffron Walden Rural District.
It included the parishes of Babraham, Balsham, Bartlow, Carlton, Castle Camps, Duxford, Great Abington, Hildersham, Hinxton, Horseheath, Ickleton, Linton, Little Abington, Pampisford, Sawston, Shudy Camps, West Wickham, West Wratting, Weston Colville, and Whittlesford.

In 1934 under a County Review Order, it was abolished, and its area merged with other districts to form the South Cambridgeshire Rural District.
Michael Latifi
Michael Mehrdad Latifi (born October 1962) is an Iranian-Canadian billionaire businessman. He is the owner, Chairman and CEO of Sofina Foods Inc., a Markham, Ontario-based manufacturer of food products. Sofina acquired Lilydale in a C$130 million deal in 2010, and Santa Maria Foods ULC, an importer and distributor of specialty Italian brands, in 2012.
He was born in Iran and immigrated to Canada. During his teenage years, he worked at McDonald's.
Through the investment company Nidala (BVI) Limited, which is controlled by Latifi, he invested £200 million (around 270 million USD or C$350 million) in McLaren Group.

Michael is the father of racing driver Nicholas Latifi, former driver for the Williams Formula One team.

Iranian Canadians
Iranian Canadians or Persian Canadians are Canadians of Iranian origin. From the 2016 Canadian census, the main communities can be found in Southern Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec.  As of 2016 a total of 97,110 Iranians reside in the Greater Toronto Area, 46,255 in the Greater Vancouver Area, and 23,410 in the Greater Montreal Area, with the remainder spread out in the other major cities of Canada, based on the 2016 Canadian Census. These numbers represent the people who stated "Iranian" as their single or joint ethnic origin in the census survey.
Bilkees Latif
Bilkees Idrees Latīf (c. 1930 – 27 October 2017) was an Indian social worker and writer from Telangana, known for her work in the slums of India. She was a founding member of INTACH.

She is the author of several articles and five books, including Essential Andhra Cookbook, Fragrance of Forgotten Years and The Ladder of His Life : Biography of Air Chief Marshal Idris Latif. The Government of India awarded her the fourth-highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2009, for her contributions to society.

Ali Yavar Jung
Nawab Ali Yavar Jung Bahadur (February 1906 – 11 December 1976) was an Indian diplomat. He served as Indian Ambassador in Argentina, Egypt, Yugoslavia and Greece, France, and the United States.

He was governor of the Indian state of Maharashtra from 1971 to 1976. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Vibhushan, India's highest civilian honors, in 1959 and 1977, respectively.
First Battle of Bull Run order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate units and commanders fought in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. The Union order of battle is shown separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle and the reports.

First Battle of Bull Run order of battle: Union
The following units and commanders fought in the First Battle of Bull Run on the Union side. The Confederate order of battle is shown separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle and the reports.
Music on The Sopranos
The HBO television drama The Sopranos received considerable critical attention for effective use of an eclectic array of music. Series creator David Chase personally selected all the show's music, with the producer Martin Bruestle and music editor Kathryn Dayak—sometimes also consulting Steven Van Zandt, who portrays Silvio Dante on the show and is also a guitarist for Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. They often selected music after completing an episode's production and editing, but occasionally filmed sequences to match pre-selected pieces of music.

Stylistically, the music on the show ranges from mainstream pop (Britney Spears, The Bangles) to oldies and classic rock artists (The Beach Boys, The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd), from classic jazz and soul (Ella Fitzgerald, Ben E. King) to hip-hop (Xzibit, Time Zone), often within a single episode.

R. L. Burnside
R. L. Burnside (November 23, 1926 – September 1, 2005) was an American hill country blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He played music for most of his life but received little recognition until 1995 when Burnside recorded and toured with Jon Spencer, garnering crossover appeal and introducing his music to a new fan base, particularly in the punk and garage rock scenes.
Sterling College (Vermont)
Sterling College is a private work college in Craftsbury, Vermont. Its curriculum is focused on ecological thinking and action through a major in Environmental Studies with concentrations in Ecology, Environmental Humanities, Outdoor Education, and Sustainable Agriculture & Food Systems. The college is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

Craftsbury, Vermont
Craftsbury is a town in Orleans County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,343 at the 2020 census. The town includes the unincorporated villages of Craftsbury, Craftsbury Common, Mill Village, and East Craftsbury.
Yirol East County
Yirol East County is a county in Lakes State, South Sudan. The county borders Panyijar County in the North, Rumbek East County in the North west, Yirol West County in the west, Awerial County in the south, Bor South County in the south east and Twic East County in the east. Shambe National Park as well as Ramciel are located in Yirol East County.

Yirol West County
Yirol West County is an administrative area in Lakes State, South Sudan. It is one the eight counties of Lakes State. Yirol West County borders Yirol East County to the east,  Awerial County to the south, Terekeka county and Mvolo County to the Southwest and Rumbek East County to the west.
Publow
Publow is a small village and civil parish in Bath and North East Somerset, England. It lies beside the River Chew in the Chew Valley. It is 7 miles from Bristol, 9 miles from Bath, and 4 miles from Keynsham. The principal settlement in the parish is Pensford. The parish also includes the village of Belluton and part of the village of Woollard. At the 2011 census it had a population of 1,119.

Woollard
Woollard is a small village on the River Chew in the affluent Chew Valley in England.  It is in the Bath and North East Somerset council area and the ceremonial county of Somerset. The village is 7 miles (11 km) from Bristol, 9 miles (14 km) from Bath, and 4 miles (6.4 km) from Keynsham.

The special architectural and historic interest of Woollard was recognised by its designation as a Conservation Area on 25 July 1990.
Leann Bowen
Leann Bowen is an American television writer. She is best known as a writer and co-executive producer for the sports comedy-drama series Ted Lasso, which won two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series.

Writers Guild of America Awards
The Writers Guild of America Awards is an award for film, television, and radio writing including both fiction and non-fiction categories given by the Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America West since 1949.
Nature of America
Nature of America is a series of twelve self-adhesive stamp sheets that the United States Postal Service released annually between 1999 and 2010 starting with the Sonoran Desert sheet and ending with the Hawaiian Rain Forest Sheet. Like the Celebrate the Century stamp series, these were printed on large sheets 9"x8¾" (233mm x 171mm), but differed from the former in that they were self adhesive and not gummed.

Celebrate the Century
Celebrate the Century is a series of postage stamps made by the United States Postal Service featuring images recalling various important events in the 20th century in the United States. Ten of these sheets were issued, with each sheet depicting events of one decade of the 20th century, from the 1900s to 1990s. Fifteen stamps were embedded into each sheet. For the first eight sheets (1900s to 1970s) of the fifteen stamps, one stamp of each sheet was printed using the intaglio process, while the remaining fourteen were offset printed along with the rest of the sheet. All the sheets were printed by the Ashton-Potter USA printing company.
Counterfeit consumer good
Counterfeit consumer goods are goods illegally made or sold without the brand owner's authorization, often violating trademarks. Counterfeit goods can be found in nearly every industry, from luxury products like designer handbags and watches to everyday goods like electronics and medications. Typically of lower quality, counterfeit goods may pose health and safety risks.

Various organizations have attempted to estimate the size of the global counterfeit market. According to the OECD, counterfeit goods made up approximately 2.5% of global trade in 2019, with an estimated value of $464 billion. Sales of counterfeit and pirated goods are projected to reach €1.67 trillion (approximately $1.89 trillion USD) by 2030.

Despite the illegality of counterfeit goods, many, especially fashion items such as handbags, watches, shoes and sports jerseys, are widely sold worldwide and purchased by both locals and tourists, typically at street markets or through online retailers.

Counterfeit
A counterfeit is a fake or unauthorized replica of a genuine product, such as money, documents, designer items, or other valuable goods. Counterfeiting generally involves creating an imitation of a genuine item that closely resembles the original to deceive others into believing it is authentic.

Counterfeit products are often made to take advantage of the higher value of the original product, typically using lower-quality materials or production methods. Counterfeit food, drinks, medicines, and personal care products can contain harmful or inactive ingredients, causing anything from mild issues to serious, life-threatening ones. Counterfeit footwear, clothing, and accessories have been found to contain high levels of lead, arsenic, and phthalates.
Leeds Trinity University
Leeds Trinity University is a public university in Horsforth, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Originally established to provide qualified teachers to Catholic schools, it gradually expanded and now offers foundation, undergraduate, and postgraduate degrees in a range of humanities and social sciences.

Previously known as Leeds Trinity & All Saints, the institution became a university college in 2009 after gaining the right to award its own degrees, and was granted full university status in December 2012. The university is a member of the Cathedrals Group and the Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities.

Cathedrals Group
The Cathedrals Group of Universities, commonly known as the Cathedrals Group, is an association of universities in the United Kingdom. All the member institutions were founded as teacher training colleges by either the Church of England, Roman Catholic Church or Methodist Church.
Tehachapi Wind Resource Area
The Tehachapi Wind Resource Area (TWRA) is a large wind resource area along the foothills of the Sierra Nevada and Tehachapi Mountains in California. It is the largest wind resource area in California, encompassing an area of approximately 800 mi2 (2,100 km2) and producing a combined 3,507 MW of renewable electricity between its 5 independent wind farms.

The mountain pass acts as a venturi effect to air moving between ocean and desert, increasing wind speed.

This area is a net exporter of generation to other parts of the state of California. A state initiative to upgrade the transmission out of Tehachapi (the 4.5 GW Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project) began in 2008 and was completed by 2016. This has opened the door to further regional wind power development up to 10 GW, and multiple solar and storage projects are installed to utilize that capacity.  A prime location for viewing the turbines is off of State Route 58 and from Tehachapi-Willow Springs Road.

Tehachapi Mountains
The Tehachapi Mountains (/təˈhætʃəpi/) are a mountain range in the Transverse Ranges system of California in the Western United States. The range extends for approximately 40 miles (64 km) in southern Kern County and northwestern Los Angeles County and form part of the boundary between the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert.
Varpas
Varpas (literally: The Bell) was a monthly Lithuanian-language newspaper published during the Lithuanian press ban from January 1889 to December 1905. Because its publication was illegal in Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire, it was printed in Tilsit (current Sovetsk) and Ragnit (current Neman) in German East Prussia and smuggled into Lithuania by the knygnešiai (book smugglers). Varpas, with circulation of about 500 to 1,000 copies, played a pivotal role in the Lithuanian National Revival. Tautiška giesmė, one of poems by founder and editor Vincas Kudirka written to commemorate the 10th anniversary of Varpas, became the Lithuanian national anthem. Editorial staff of Varpas later started two more specialized publications: more practical Ūkininkas (The Farmer, 1890–1905) for less educated peasants and apolitical Naujienos (News, 1901–1903) for general public.

Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas
Vincas Mickevičius, known under his pen name Kapsukas (7 April [O.S. 23 March] 1880 – 17 February 1935), was a Lithuanian communist political activist, publicist, and revolutionary.

As an active member of the Lithuanian National Revival, he wrote for and edited many Lithuanian publications and joined the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party. As his views turned from nationalism to socialism, and then to communism, he became one of the founders and leaders of the Lithuanian Communist Party and headed the short-lived Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Litbel) in 1918–1919. After the fall of these republics, Mickevičius left for Soviet Russia, where he continued to lead the Lithuanian communists and worked for the Communist International (Comintern).
Siege of Sveaborg
The siege of Sveaborg was a siege by Imperial Russian forces of the sea fort of Sveaborg (Finnish: Suomenlinna), off the coast of Helsingfors (Helsinki); at the time Finland was part of the Kingdom of Sweden. It took place in the spring of 1808, during the Finnish War. Despite its formidable reputation as "the Gibraltar of the North", the fortress surrendered after a siege of two months. As its capitulation was followed by the rapid collapse of Swedish resistance elsewhere, and ultimately the Russian conquest of Finland, the siege is often regarded as the decisive battle of the war.

Finnish War
The Finnish War (Swedish: Finska kriget; Russian: Финляндская война; Finnish: Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and the establishment of the House of Bernadotte, the new Swedish royal house, in 1818.
Bay of Zekreet
25°30′30″N 50°49′43″E﻿ / ﻿25.50833°N 50.82861°E﻿ / 25.50833; 50.82861

The Bay of Zekreet (Arabic: دَوْحَة زِكْرِيت, romanized: Dawḩat az Zikrīt) is a half-moon shaped bay on the Zekreet Peninsula in western Qatar. The Zekreet Peninsula is a rocky, sandy desert, with numerous rock formations and gypsum plateaux. The bay is situated to the north of the industrial city of Dukhan and to the southwest of the village of Zekreet. It is located to the north of the Dukhan Sabkha, and is separated by a straight depression known as Rawdat Jarrah. Geologists have theorized that this depression was an extension of the Bay of Zekreet prior to the drop in sea levels c. 3,000 years ago.

Dukhan Sabkha
25°23′38″N 50°50′42″E﻿ / ﻿25.394°N 50.845°E﻿ / 25.394; 50.845

Dukhan Sabkha, located in the northern section of the Dukhan region in western Qatar, is the largest inland sabkha (a type of saltflat) ecosystem found in the Persian Gulf. The sabkha runs for approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi), occupies an area of 73 km2 (28 sq mi), has a width of 2 km (1.2 mi) to 4 km (2.5 mi) and a depth of between 6 metres (20 ft) and 7 metres (23 ft) below sea level. Consequently, the lowest point of Qatar is in the sabkha. It is situated roughly 10 km (6.2 mi) east of the city of Dukhan and 2 km (1.2 mi) from Dukhan Highway. The Dukhan Field is to its immediate west.
Glutaric acid
Glutaric acid is the organic compound with the formula C3H6(COOH)2. Although the related "linear" dicarboxylic acids adipic and succinic acids are water-soluble only to a few percent at room temperature, the water-solubility of glutaric acid is over 50% (w/w).

Adipic acid
Adipic acid or hexanedioic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H10O4. It is a white crystalline powder at standard temperature and pressure. From an industrial perspective, it is the most important dicarboxylic acid at about 2.5 billion kilograms produced annually, mainly as a precursor for the production of nylon. Adipic acid otherwise rarely occurs in nature, but it is known as manufactured E number food additive E355. Salts and esters of adipic acid are known as adipates.
Gujarat Vidya Sabha
Gujarat Vidya Sabha, originally called Gujarat Vernacular Society, is a literary institution for the promotion of vernacular Gujarati literature and education, and for the collection of manuscripts and printed books; located in the city of Ahmedabad, India. It was founded by a British administrator, Alexander Kinloch Forbes, in 1848 with the Gujarati author Dalpatram. The name was changed on the occasion of the centenary of the institution.

It published Gujarat's first newspaper, established the first Gujarati school for girls, the first library and the first Gujarati periodical.

Ranchhodlal Chhotalal
Ranchhodlal Chhotalal, Rai Bahadur CIE  (April 29, 1823– October 1898) was a pioneer of the textile industry in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. He is considered as founder of modern Ahmedabad and was also a social activist.