hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clarkston railway station
Clarkston railway station is a railway station serving the town of Clarkston, East Renfrewshire. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the East Kilbride–Glasgow Central line. It was opened in 1866 by the Busby Railway.

Clarkston, East Renfrewshire
Clarkston (Scots: Clairkstoun, Scottish Gaelic: Baile Chlarc) is a suburban town in East Renfrewshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. A dormitory town with a population of around 10,000, Clarkston is on the southern fringe of the Greater Glasgow conurbation and directly adjoins the neighbouring suburban villages of Busby and Netherlee, as well as the towns of Newton Mearns and Giffnock. The White Cart Water flows to the east of the town.

On 21 October 1971, the main shopping building was the scene of the Clarkston explosion, which killed 22 people and injured around 100. A plaque on the site commemorates the event. The building was rebuilt.

Greenbank Garden, a National Trust for Scotland property, is located on Flenders Road, on the outskirts of Clarkston.
Ermanno Olmi
Ermanno Olmi (24 July 1931 – 7 May 2018) was an Italian film director and screenwriter best known for directing Il Posto (1961) and The Tree of Wooden Clogs (1977), which won the Palme d'Or. Throughout his career Olmi blended Italian neorealism with Christian humanism, with many of his films following humble characters through the spiritual trials of harsh conditions.

The Legend of the Holy Drinker (film)
The Legend of the Holy Drinker (Italian: La leggenda del santo bevitore) is a 1988 Italian film written and directed by Ermanno Olmi.

The film won the Golden Lion at the 45th Venice Film Festival. It also won four David di Donatello Awards (for Best Film, Best Director, Best Cinematography and Best Editing) and two Silver Ribbons (for Best Director and Best Screenplay). The film was selected as the Italian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 61st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

It is based on the 1939 novella of the same name by the Austrian novelist Joseph Roth.
Maryland Route 414
Maryland Route 414 (MD 414) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs 5.64 miles (9.08 km) from the beginning of state maintenance in Forest Heights east to MD 5 in Silver Hill. MD 414 connects the inner suburbs of Oxon Hill, Marlow Heights, and Silver Hill and provides access to National Harbor. The highway was constructed through Oxon Hill and Marlow Heights in the early 1930s. MD 414 was extended through Silver Hill along the old alignment of MD 5 when that highway bypassed Silver Hill in the early 1950s. The highway was expanded to a divided highway between Marlow Heights and Silver Hill in the early 1970s, around its interchange with Interstate 95 (I-95) and I-495 in the early 1980s, and around MD 210 in Oxon Hill in the late 1980s. MD 414 was reconstructed around MD 210 again in the mid-2000s with the construction of National Harbor and the new Woodrow Wilson Bridge.

National Harbor, Maryland
National Harbor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, located along the Potomac River near the Woodrow Wilson Bridge and just south of Washington, D.C. It originated as a 300-acre (1.2 km2) multi-use waterfront development. The population was 5,509 at the 2020 census.

The developer, Peterson Companies, says National Harbor draws 12 million visitors annually, as of 2025.
Khlibodarske
Khlibodarske (Ukrainian: Хлібодарське; Russian: Хлебодарское) is a rural settlement in Odesa Raion, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It is essentially a western suburb of the city of Odesa. Khlibodarske belongs to Avanhard settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,555 (2022 estimate).

Avanhard settlement hromada
Avanhard settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Авангардівська селищна громада) is a hromada in Odesa Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. In 2023, its population was estimated to be 20,505.

The hromada consists of 5 populated places:

rural settlement Avanhard

rural settlement Khlibodarske

rural settlement Radisne

village Prylymanske

village Nova Dolyna
Pickering Nuclear Generating Station
Pickering Nuclear Generating Station is a Canadian nuclear power station located on the north shore of Lake Ontario in Pickering, Ontario. It is one of the oldest nuclear power stations in the world and Canada's third-largest, with eight CANDU reactors. Since 2003, two of these units have been defuelled and deactivated, with two additional units being taken offline as of 2025. The remaining four produce about 11% of Ontario's power and employ 3,000 workers.

A single 1.8 MWe wind turbine, named the OPG 7 commemorative turbine, was installed on the site of the generating station until October 2019, when it was dismantled.

Pickering, Ontario
Pickering (2021 population 99,186) is a city located in Southern Ontario, Canada, immediately east of Toronto in Durham Region.

Beginning in the 1770s, the area was settled by primarily British colonists. An increase in population occurred after the American Revolutionary War, when the Crown resettled Loyalists and encouraged new immigration. Many of the smaller rural communities have been preserved and function as provincially significant historic sites and museums. The city also includes the Pickering Casino Resort, a multi-billion-dollar casino complex.
2021 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League
The 2021 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League was the third edition of the FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League, an annual women's international volleyball tournament. This edition was scheduled to start earlier than the previous edition due to the 2020 Summer Olympics in July. It was held in between May and June 2021, and the final round took place at the Rimini Fiera in Rimini, Italy.

United States won their third title in the competition, outlasting Brazil in the final. Turkey swept the third place match against Japan. Michelle Bartsch-Hackley claimed her second MVP title of the tournament.

2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup
The 2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup was the second edition of the FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup, an annual women's international volleyball tournament contested by six national teams that acts as a qualifier for the FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League. The tournament was held in Lima, Peru.

Canada won the title, defeating the Czech Republic in the final, and earned the right to participate in the 2020 Nations League replacing Bulgaria, the last placed challenger team after the 2019 edition. Argentina defeated Croatia in the 3rd place match.

On 8 May 2020, FIVB announced that the 2020 Nations League and 2020 Challenger Cup was canceled due to COVID-19 pandemic. So the tournament eventually became the 2021 Nations League qualifier.
Kazimierz Łaski
Kazimierz Łaski (December 15, 1921 – October 20, 2015) was a Polish-Austrian economist. During the antisemitic purge of 1968 Łaski had to leave Poland and moved to Austria, where he worked for the rest of his life and was widely recognized as a major contributor to Post-Keynesian economics.

Włodzimierz Brus
Włodzimierz Brus (/bruːs/; Polish: [vwoˌd͡ʑimeʂ ˈbrus]; born Beniamin Zylberberg, 23 August 1921 – 31 August 2007) was an economist and party functionary in communist Poland. He emigrated from Poland in 1972, removed from power after the 1968 Polish political crisis. Brus spent the rest of his life in the United Kingdom.
Rose oil
Rose oil (rose otto, attar of rose, attar of roses, or rose essence) is an essential oil that is extracted from the petals of various types of rose. Rose ottos are extracted through steam distillation, while rose absolutes are obtained through solvent extraction, the absolute being used more commonly in perfumery. The production technique originated in Iran. Even with their high price and the advent of organic synthesis, rose oils are still perhaps the most widely used essential oil in perfumery.

Damascone
Damascones are a series of closely related chemical compounds that are components of a variety of essential oils.  The damascones belong to a family of chemicals known as rose ketones, which also includes damascenones and ionones.  beta-Damascone is a contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its relatively low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumery.

The damascones are derived from the degradation of carotenoids.
Ammonium hexafluorophosphate
Ammonium hexafluorophosphate is the inorganic compound with the formula NH4PF6. It is a white water-soluble, hygroscopic solid. The compound is a salt consisting of the ammonium cation and hexafluorophosphate anion. It is commonly used as a source of the hexafluorophosphate anion, a weakly coordinating anion. It is prepared by combining neat ammonium fluoride and phosphorus pentachloride. Alternatively it can also be produced from phosphonitrilic chloride:

PCl5 + 6 NH4F → NH4PF6 + 5 NH4Cl

PNCl2 + 6 HF → NH4PF6 + 2 HCl

Hexafluorophosphate
Hexafluorophosphate is an anion with chemical formula of [PF6]−. It is an octahedral species that imparts no color to its salts. [PF6]− is isoelectronic with sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, and the hexafluorosilicate dianion, [SiF6]2−, and hexafluoroantimonate [SbF6]−. In this anion, phosphorus has a valence of 5. Being poorly nucleophilic, hexafluorophosphate is classified as a non-coordinating anion.
Pacific Northwest Corridor
The Pacific Northwest Corridor or the Pacific Northwest Rail Corridor is one of eleven federally designated higher-speed rail corridors in the United States and Canada. The 466-mile (750 km) corridor extends from Eugene, Oregon, to Vancouver, British Columbia, via Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region. It was designated a high-speed rail corridor on October 20, 1992, as the one of five high-speed corridors in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA).

Coast Starlight
The Coast Starlight is a long-distance passenger train operated by Amtrak on the West Coast of the United States between Seattle and Los Angeles via Portland and the San Francisco Bay Area. The train, which has operated continuously since Amtrak's formation in 1971, was the first to offer direct service between Seattle and Los Angeles. Its name is a combination of two prior Southern Pacific (SP) trains, the Coast Daylight and the Starlight.

During fiscal year (FY) 2024, the Coast Starlight carried 359,432 passengers, an increase of 6.3% from FY 2023. In FY 2024, the train made 730 trips and 1 million train miles; it had a total revenue of $49.5 million, and operating expenses of $93.9 million.
Closed-loop box reuse
Closed-loop box reuse, is the process by which boxes or other containers are reused many times.  It is a form of reusable packaging.

This is sometimes suited to a large business where containers are used and reused within the location; the custody of containers stays in secure control.    Business-to-business commerce also allows controlled return  by reverse logistics;  a “closed system” and a circular life cycle.
Containers may be constructed of corrugated fiberboard, corrugated plastic, molded plastic, or other materials.  Identification of containers by labels, bar codes, various colored latches or RFID chips is common.

Corrugated fiberboard
Corrugated fiberboard, corrugated cardboard, or corrugate is a type of paper packaging material consisting of a fluted corrugated sheet and one or two flat linerboards. It is used for making corrugated boxes. Corrugated (also called pleated) paper was patented in England in 1856, but corrugated boxboard for use in shipping material was not patented until 1871. Several properties and characteristics can be measured for corrugated board, including moisture content and burst strength. Corrugated board is manufactured on large high-precision machinery lines called corrugators. Packaging engineers design corrugated boxes to meet the particular needs of the product being shipped. Old corrugated containers (OCC) are an excellent source of fiber for recycling.
M-matrix
In mathematics, especially linear algebra, an M-matrix is a matrix whose off-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero (i.e., it is a Z-matrix) and whose eigenvalues have nonnegative real parts. The set of non-singular M-matrices are a subset of the class of P-matrices, and also of the class of inverse-positive matrices (i.e. matrices with inverses belonging to the class of positive matrices). The name M-matrix was seemingly originally chosen by Alexander Ostrowski in reference to Hermann Minkowski, who proved that if a Z-matrix has all of its row sums positive, then the determinant of that matrix is positive.

Nonnegative matrix
In mathematics, a nonnegative matrix, written

is a matrix in which all the elements are equal to or greater than zero, that is,

A positive matrix is a matrix in which all the elements are strictly greater than zero. The set of positive matrices is the interior of the set of all non-negative matrices. While such matrices are commonly found, the term "positive matrix" is only occasionally used due to the possible confusion with positive-definite matrices, which are different. A matrix which is both non-negative and is positive semidefinite is called a doubly non-negative matrix.

A rectangular non-negative matrix can be approximated by a decomposition with two other non-negative matrices via non-negative matrix factorization.

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of square positive matrices are described by the Perron–Frobenius theorem.
Aniket Choudhary
Aniket Vinod Choudhary (born 28 January 1990) is an Indian professional cricketer who plays for Rajasthan in domestic cricket. He is a left-arm medium-fast bowler. He was a member of the Kings XI Punjab squad in 2013. In 2013, he played for India A. He made his List A debut on 27 February 2014, for Rajasthan in the 2013–14 Vijay Hazare Trophy.

In February 2017, he was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore for the 2017 Indian Premier League for 2 crores. In January 2018, he was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the 2018 IPL auction. He was the leading wicket-taker for Rajasthan in the group stage of the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy, with 47 dismissals in eight matches.

In August 2019, he was named in the India Blue team's squad for the 2019–20 Duleep Trophy.

Royal Challengers Bengaluru
Royal Challengers Bengaluru, formerly Royal Challengers Bangalore, also known as RCB, are a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). Founded in 2008 by United Spirits, the team's home ground is M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won their first title in 2025. The team finished as the runners-up on three occasions: in 2009, 2011, and 2016. They have also qualified for the playoffs in ten of the eighteen seasons.

As of 2025, the team is captained by Rajat Patidar and coached by Andy Flower. The franchise has competed in the Champions League, finishing as runners-up in the 2011 season. As of 2024, RCB was valued at $117 million, making it one of the most valuable franchises.
Spem in alium
Spem in alium (Latin for "Hope in any other") is a 40-part Renaissance motet by Thomas Tallis, composed in c. 1570 for eight choirs of five voices each. It is considered by some critics to be the greatest piece of English early music. H. B. Collins described it in 1929 as Tallis's "crowning achievement", along with his Lamentations.

Winchester Cathedral Choir
Winchester Cathedral Choir is an English Anglican choir based at Winchester Cathedral in Winchester in Hampshire. 
Until 1999 it was a men and boys choir, but there is now a girls choir which for some services sings separately from the boys.

As the beginning of 2026, the choirs are directed by Andrew Lucas, formerly of St Albans Cathedral. He was recruited by Winchester in 2024 in an acting capacity.
Anachronornis
Anachronornis is a genus of extinct bird from the Late Paleocene (Thanetian) of North America. One species has been described, Anachronornis anhimops, from the Willwood Formation in Wyoming. It is a basal anseriform, relative of modern waterfowl.

Screamer
The screamers are three South American bird species placed in family Anhimidae. They were thought to be related to the Galliformes because of similar bills, but are more closely related to the family Anatidae, i.e. ducks and allies, and the magpie goose, within the clade Anseriformes. The clade is exceptional within the living birds in lacking uncinate processes of ribs. The three species are: The horned screamer (Anhima cornuta); the southern screamer or crested screamer (Chauna torquata); and the northern screamer or black-necked screamer (Chauna chavaria).
Takayama Jin'ya
The Takayama Jin'ya (高山陣屋) is a surviving Edo period jin'ya which served as the Daikansho for Hida Province under the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan from 1692 to 1871. It is located in what is now Hachiken-machi of the city of Takayama in Gifu Prefecture. It has been protected as a National Historic Site since 1929.

Takayama, Gifu
Takayama (高山市, Takayama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.ka(ꜜ).ja.ma, -ka.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2025, the city had an estimated population of 81,968 in 36,815 households, and a population density of 41 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 2,177.61 square kilometers (840.78 sq mi) making it the largest city by area in Japan. The high altitude and separation from other areas of Japan kept the area fairly isolated, allowing Takayama to develop its own culture over about a 300-year period.
Tatiana Sorokko
Tatiana Sorokko (née Ilyushkina; Russian: Татьяна Николаевна Сорокко, tr. Tatyana Nikolayevna Sorokko; born 26 December 1971) is a Russian-born American model, fashion journalist, and haute couture collector. She walked the runways for the world's most prominent designers and fashion houses, appeared on covers of leading fashion magazines, and became the first Russian model of the post-Soviet period to gain international recognition. After modeling, Sorokko worked as contributing editor for Vogue, Vanity Fair and Harper's Bazaar. Her distinct personal style and her private collection of historically important haute couture clothing were subjects of museum exhibitions in Russia and the U.S.

Ralph Rucci
Ralph Rucci (born 1957) is an American fashion designer and artist. He is known in particular for  Chado Ralph Rucci, a luxury clothing and accessories line. Rucci's clothing designs have appeared in a number of major exhibitions, and he has won significant fashion-industry awards. The designer, whose clothing has received positive critical response in the fashion press, is the subject of a recent documentary.
Public transport in Istanbul
Public transport in Istanbul comprises a bus network, various rail systems, funiculars, and maritime services to serve more than 15 million inhabitants of the city spread over an area of 5,712 km2 (2,205 sq mi).

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
Tariq Jamil
Tariq Jamil (Punjabi, Urdu: طارق جمیل, romanized: Ṭāriq Jamīl; Punjabi pronunciation: [t̪aːɾɪk d͡ʒəmil]; born 1 October 1953) is a Pakistani Islamic cleric, preacher and member of the Tablighi Jama'at. The recipient of the Pride of Performance award, Tariq Jamil has been named in The 500 Most Influential Muslims year since 2012. In the 2024 edition of the publication, he was ranked 34th most influential Muslim alive and topped YouGov polls in 2018 and 2020 for Pakistan’s most admired man.

Government College University, Lahore
The Government College University (colloquially known as GCU; Punjabi, Urdu: گورنمنٹ کالج یونیورسٹی) is a public research university in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Founded as Government College, Lahore, in 1864 under British administration, it became a university in 2002.
Philtranco
Philtranco Service Enterprises, Inc. (/fɪltrɑːnkoʊ/, Tagalog: [pilˈtɾaŋkɔ]; Philippine Transportation Company) is a bus company in the Philippines, servicing routes to Bicol, Eastern Visayas, Caraga, Davao Region, and Northern Mindanao. It is the oldest bus operator in the Philippines and in Asia. It is also the only bus carrier with a nationwide public transport franchise. Philtranco currently has more than 250 buses for its operations.

It is set to cease operations on March 30, 2026, amid mounting losses, but the management has clarified that it is just a temporary suspension of operations, which could pave the way to a possible reopening once the business climate has improved.

Iriga
Iriga, officially the City of Iriga (Rinconada Bikol: Syudad ka Iriga; Central Bikol: Syudad nin Iriga; Filipino: Lungsod ng Iriga), is a component city in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 115,306 people.
Leipzig School (painting)
The Leipzig School (German: Leipziger Schule) is a movement of modern painting from the 1960s to 1980s, founded by painters who predominantly lived and worked in Leipzig, East Germany. The movement had its centre at the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst, where several of the most prominent members were teachers. Some of their students, or students of students, became prominent and are referred to as the New Leipzig School.

Wolfgang Mattheuer
Wolfgang Mattheuer (7 April 1927—7 April 2004) was a German painter, graphic artist and sculptor. Together with Werner Tübke and Bernhard Heisig he was a leading representative of the Leipzig School, a figurative art current in East Germany. He came to prominence with allegorical, pessimistic and sometimes heroic paintings which were accused of expressing political dissidence. He was later an open critic of both socialism and capitalism. He taught at the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig (HGB) for many years. In 1974 he resigned from his position as professor at the HGB to work as a freelance painter. In 1988 he left the Socialist Unity Party of Germany.

In the West he was for a long time seen as an untrendy Sunday painter, but a large retrospective held in Chemnitz for his 75th birthday raised his profile. He was married to the painter Ursula Mattheuer-Neustädt.
Ghorak District
Ghorak district (Pashto: غورک ولسوالۍ) is situated in the northwestern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Helmand Province to the West, Oruzgan Province and Naish District to the North, Khakrez District to the East and Maywand District to the South. The population is 8,600 (2006). The district center is the village of Ghorak, located in its western part.

Khakrez District
Khakrez District is a rural agrarian community with a population of more than 20,000 located in north-central Kandahar Province. A village known variously as Khakrez or Darvishan, at the base of mountains in the western part of the district, is the location of the district center building and the Shah Agha Shrine or Shah Maqsud Shrine, one of the oldest historical Islamic sites in Afghanistan.

The district borders Ghorak District to the west, Maywand and Zhari districts to the south, Arghandab and Shah Wali Kot districts to the east and Naish District to the north. Before Zhari District was created in 2004, it bordered Panjwai District.