hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NASCOM
The NASA (Ground) Communications System (NASCOM) manages terrestrial communications between ground stations, mission control centers, and other elements of spacecraft ground segments. Established in 1964, NASCOM provides worldwide, near real-time, transmission of commands, telemetry, voice, and television signals. It is managed out of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

The NASCOM network comprises microwave links, undersea communications cables, land lines, and network centers at Goddard and around the world.

Manned Space Flight Network
The Manned Space Flight Network (abbreviated MSFN, pronounced "misfin") was a set of tracking stations built to support the American Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab space programs.

There were two other NASA space communication networks at the time, the Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STADAN) for tracking satellites in low Earth orbit, and the Deep Space Network (DSN) for tracking more distant uncrewed missions. After the end of Skylab, the MSFN and STADAN were merged to form the Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN). STDN was in turn replaced by the satellite-based Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) during the Space Shuttle program, being used as of 2009.
Surak, Iran
Surak (Persian: سورک is a city in the Central District of Miandorud County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. As a village, it was the capital of Kuhdasht Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Jam Khaneh.

Surak is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Sari, on the road connecting Sari in the west to Neka in the east. Surak is south of the Caspian Sea and north of the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains. The village of Surak was converted to a city in 1996.

Kuhdasht-e Sharqi Rural District
Kuhdasht-e Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان كوهدشت شرق), is in the Central District of Miandorud County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jam Khaneh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Surak, now a city.
Wheel of Mainz
The Wheel of Mainz or Mainzer Rad (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪntsɐ ˈʁaːt]), in German, was the coat of arms of the Archbishopric of Mainz and thus also of the Electorate of Mainz (Kurmainz), in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It consists of a silver wheel with six spokes on a red background. The wheel can also be found in stonemasons' carvings (e.g. landmarks) and similar objects. Currently, the City of Mainz uses a double wheel connected by a silver cross.

Heppenheim
Heppenheim (Bergstraße) (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛpn̩ˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is the seat of Bergstraße district in Hesse, Germany, lying on the Bergstraße on the edge of the Odenwald. It is best known for being the birthplace of Sebastian Vettel, a four-time Formula One World Champion and the place of founding of the Free Democratic Party (Germany).
2016 Adelaide 500
The 2016 Clipsal 500 Adelaide was a motor racing event for V8 Supercars, held on the weekend of 4 to 6 March 2016. The event was held at the Adelaide Street Circuit in Adelaide, South Australia, and consisted of two races of 125 kilometres and one race of 155 km in length. It was the first event of fourteen in the 2016 International V8 Supercars Championship and hosted Races 1, 2 and 3 of the season. The event was the 18th running of the Adelaide 500.

The three races were won by Jamie Whincup, James Courtney and Nick Percat respectively. Percat's win was the first for Lucas Dumbrell Motorsport and came in the midst of controversy surrounding pit stop regulations. The third race was also affected by adverse weather conditions, which caused the race to be red flagged, and eventually finished 30 laps short of the scheduled length. Michael Caruso, despite not winning a race, left the event with the championship lead.

Adelaide 500
The Adelaide 500, officially the BP Adelaide Grand Final,  is an annual motor racing event for Supercars held on the streets of the east end of Adelaide, South Australia between 1999 and 2020 and again from 2022. The event uses a shortened form of the Adelaide Street Circuit, the former Australian Grand Prix track. The event is still colloquially known as the Clipsal 500 or simply "Clipsal" after its former longtime sponsor. With attendance at around 250,000 in 2023, the Adelaide 500 is the most attended Supercars Championship race.

The event previously took place in February and March, contributing to what locals term "mad March", along with the Adelaide Festival, Adelaide Fringe, WOMADelaide and Adelaide Writers' Week, but after a hiatus in 2021, it returned in 2022 as the season finale in late November or early December.
Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi
Sheikh Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi was Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah from 1747–1777, as head of the Al Qasimi maritime federation. Rashid bin Matar ruled at a time when maritime violence was prevalent throughout the Persian Gulf, following incursions by the Portuguese and fighting at sea and on land on the Persian Coast between the Persians, British and Dutch and the British and French, over 'factories' established on that coast by both maritime powers.

Al Qasimi
The Al Qasimi (Arabic: القاسمي, spelled sometimes as Al Qassimi or Al Qassemi; plural: Al Qawasem Arabic: القواسم and, archaically, Joasmee) is an Arab dynasty and tribe that rules Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah, today forming two of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates. They are one of the longest reigning royal families in the Arabian peninsula. Historically, they also ruled over the town of Lengeh as sheikhs for a century until its annexation by Iran in 1887.

The Qawasem were a confederation of Sunni tribes in south eastern Gulf region surrounding the cities of Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah; and faced strong rivalry with the Omani empire for naval domination along the Persian Gulf. Due to their allegiance to the Emirate of Dir'iyah, the British Empire branded them as "pirates" and fought two major military campaigns against them in 1809 and 1819.
2018 ATP Lyon Open – Doubles
Andrés Molteni and Adil Shamasdin were the defending champions, but Shamasdin chose to play in Geneva instead. Molteni played alongside Guillermo Durán but lost in the second round to Nick Kyrgios and Jack Sock.

Kyrgios and Sock went on to win the title, defeating Roman Jebavý and Matwé Middelkoop in the final, 7–5, 2–6, [11–9].

2018 Geneva Open – Doubles
Jean-Julien Rojer and Horia Tecău were the defending champions, but Tecău could not participate due to injury and Rojer chose to compete in Lyon instead.

Oliver Marach and Mate Pavić won the title, defeating Ivan Dodig and Rajeev Ram in the final, 3–6, 7–6(7–3), [11–9].
Hillside mine
The Hillside mine is a proposed mine located in southern Australia in South Australia. It is being developed by Rex Minerals 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of Ardrossan on Yorke Peninsula. It will be near the current intersection of the Yorke Highway and St Vincent Highway. The mine is proposed to focus initially on copper, but it is licensed to produce copper, gold and iron ore.

St Vincent Highway
St Vincent Highway (route B88) is a major road on the southern part of Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. It diverges from Yorke Highway to continue south along the coast of Gulf St Vincent (where Yorke Highway turns inland) near Pine Point. It passes inland of Port Vincent, Stansbury, Wool Bay and Port Giles then passes through Coobowie and Edithburgh. From here, the St Vincent Highway turns northwest to Yorketown and west to Warooka where it rejoins Yorke Highway.

Rex Minerals propose to realign the northern end of the current St Vincent Highway closer to the coast, and move the intersection with the Yorke Highway closer to Pine Point as part of the construction of the Hillside mine.
Alpheus Spring Packard Sr.
Alpheus Spring Packard (December 23, 1798 – July 13, 1884) was an American academic who was a professor for more than 40 years at Bowdoin College. Trained as a minister, he was an educator, librarian, and acting President of Bowdoin College for the year 1883–84 until his death (between the Chamberlain and Hyde administrations). He was the father of four sons and one daughter by his first wife: Alpheus Spring Packard Jr. (1839–1905), Bowdoin class of 1861, Civil War surgeon, entomologist who corresponded with Darwin, and a professor at Brown University with 25 publications; William Alfred Packard (1830–1909), Bowdoin class of 1851; Charles A. Packard, Bowdoin class of 1848; George Packard; and Frances Appleton.

Alpheus Spring Packard
Alpheus Spring Packard Jr. LL.D. (February 19, 1839 – February 14, 1905) was an American entomologist and palaeontologist. He described over 500 new animal species – especially butterflies and moths – and was one of the founders of The American Naturalist. He served as a professor at Brown University.
Jean-Paul Goude
Jean-Paul Goude (born in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis 8 December 1938) is a French graphic designer, illustrator, photographer, advertising film director and event designer. He worked as art director at Esquire magazine in New York City during the 1970s, and choreographed the 1989 Bicentennial Parade in Paris to mark the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution. In addition, over the last three decades, he has created campaigns and illustrations for brands including Perrier, Citroën, Kodak, Chanel, Kenzo, Shiseido, Cacharel, H&M, Galeries Lafayette and Desigual.

Paper (magazine)
Paper (also known as Paper Mag) is a New York City-based independent magazine focusing on fashion, popular culture, nightlife, music, art, and film. Initially produced monthly, the magazine eventually became a quarterly publication, and a digital version was made available online at papermag.com.

In 2020, physical production of the magazine was paused following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The publication continued to create and release content online via its website.
Shine / Ride On
"Shine" / "Ride On" is Tohoshinki's 13th Japanese single. The single was released on September 19, 2007. The single debuted at #2 only behind Ayumi Hamasaki's single "Talkin' 2 Myself" which outsold it by 36,634 copies. The song "Shine" is used as the theme song for the drama "Obanzai".

Talkin' 2 Myself
"Talkin' 2 Myself" is J-Pop singer-songwriter Ayumi Hamasaki's 42nd single, which was released on September 19, 2007. The single contains two rock tracks, one acoustic orchestra remix of her previously released "Fated", and the instrumentals of the main tracks. It is her 29th #1 single, breaking her own record for the most #1 singles by a solo female artist.  The drums in both Talkin' 2 Myself and Decision are played by Andy Selway from the band KMFDM.
Manasses (bishop of Soissons)
Manasses of Soissons (died 1 March 1108), son of William Busac, Count of Soissons, and his wife Adelaide.  Bishop of Cambrai, Bishop of Soissons.

Following the death of Gerard II, Bishop of Cambrai, the canons of the church first appointed the provost Mascelin to the post, and then the archdeacon Walchero, against the wishes of the residents of the town.  In 1095, Pope Urban II settled the issue and appointed Manasses as bishop, and expelled Walchero.  In 1103, Manasses was appointed as Bishop of Soissons by the pope.

Manasses was succeeded as Bishop of Cambrai by Odo of Tournai in 1103, and as Bishop of Soissons by Liziard de Crépy upon his death in 1108.

Diocese of Soissons
The Diocese of Soissons, Laon, and Saint-Quentin (Latin: Dioecesis Suessionensis, Laudunensis et Sanquintinensis; French: Diocèse de Soissons, Laon et Saint-Quentin) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in  France. The diocese is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Reims and corresponds, with the exception of two hamlets, to the entire Department of Aisne. The current bishop is Renauld Marie François Dupont de Dinechin, appointed on 30 October 2015.  In 2022, in the Diocese of Soissons there is one priest for every 5,594 Catholics.
Calpain
A calpain (/ˈkælpeɪn/; EC 3.4.22.52, EC 3.4.22.53) is a protein belonging to the family of calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases (proteolytic enzymes) expressed ubiquitously in mammals and many other organisms. Calpains constitute the C2 family of protease clan CA in the MEROPS database. The calpain proteolytic system includes the calpain proteases, the small regulatory subunit CAPNS1, also known as CAPN4, and the endogenous calpain-specific inhibitor, calpastatin.

Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds. Proteases are involved in numerous biological pathways, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling.

In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteases can be found in all forms of life and viruses. They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.
2022 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2022 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships was the 85th such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Teams were participating in several levels of competition. The competition also served as qualifications for division placements in the 2023 competition.

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, only teams in the Championship division had participated in 2021, so the standard system of promotion and relegation between divisions and groups was not implemented; for 2022, each team remained at the level they had been assigned for the 2021 competition (due to the pandemic, this was actually a carry-over of the outcome of the 2019 competition).

On February 28, 2022, the IIHF suspended Top Division teams Russia and Belarus from the tournament due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and replaced them with Division I sides France and Austria. As a result, multiple teams in lower divisions were promoted to fill vacancies.

2023 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2023 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships were the 86th such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated in several levels of competition. The competition also served as qualifications for division placements in the 2024 competition.

As in 2022, teams from Russia and Belarus were not allowed to enter, as they were suspended by the IIHF due to the countries' invasion of Ukraine.
Arsenyev constituency
The Arsenyev constituency (No.64) is a Russian legislative constituency in Primorsky Krai. The constituency covers sparsely populated northern 3/4 of Primorsky Krai and a major port of Nakhodka.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Victoria Nikolaeva, a businesswoman and sister of former Vladivostok mayor Vladimir Nikolayev.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
North Dakota Quarterly
North Dakota Quarterly (NDQ) is a literary journal published quarterly by the University of North Dakota. NDQ publishes poetry, fiction, interviews, and literary non-fiction. It was first published in 1911 as a vehicle for faculty papers. After a hiatus during the depression, NDQ began publishing again with a broader focus that gradually came to include stories and poems. Preeminent Hemingway scholar Robert W. Lewis edited NDQ from 1982 until his death in 2013 and published about a dozen special editions focused on Hemingway, as well as a number of special editions focused on China, Yugoslavia, and Native American issues and literature. In 2019, NDQ began being published by the University of Nebraska Press.

University of North Dakota
The University of North Dakota (UND) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota.

The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences was the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operation. Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".
Rhoiptelea
Rhoiptelea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Juglandaceae. It contains a single species, Rhoiptelea chiliantha, commonly known as the horsetail tree. This genus was previously recognized in its own family, Rhoipteleaceae, but the APG III system of 2009 placed it in the Juglandaceae family. Rhoiptelea chiliantha is native to southwest China and north Vietnam and lives at the elevation of 700-1600m in mountainous areas. The trees are wind-pollinated, the flowers arranged in large sagged panicles usually 32 cm long like horse tails, and the fruit is a small botanical nut with rounded wings. The leaves are pinnately compound and papery. The trees are usually 17 m high and with 40 cm diameter. It is a protected species of China.

Juglandaceae
The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia.

The nine or ten genera in the family have a total of around 63 species, and include the commercially important nut-producing trees walnut (Juglans), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), and hickory (Carya). The Persian walnut, Juglans regia, is one of the major nut crops of the world. Walnut, hickory, and gaulin are also valuable timber trees while pecan wood is also valued as cooking fuel.
Liberalism in the Netherlands
Liberalism in the Netherlands started as an anti-monarchical effort spearheaded by the Dutch statesman Thorbecke, who almost single-handedly wrote the 1848 Constitution of the Netherlands that turned the country into a constitutional monarchy.

In contemporary politics, there are both left and right-wing parties that refer to themselves as "liberal", with the former more often espousing social liberalism and the latter more often espousing conservative liberalism. A common characteristic of these parties that they are nominally secular, in contrast to the traditionally dominant and still popular Christian democracy.

This article gives an overview of liberalism in the Netherlands. It is limited to political parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament.

Free-thinking Democratic League
The Free-thinking Democratic League (Dutch: Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond, VDB) was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands. Established in 1901, it played a relatively large role in Dutch politics, supplying one Prime Minister, Wim Schermerhorn. The League is a predecessor of two of the major Dutch political parties, the conservative liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the social democratic Labour Party (PvdA). The social liberal Democrats 66 also claims an ideological connection with the VDB.
343-line television system
343-line is the number of scan lines in some early electronic monochrome analog television systems. Systems with this number of lines were used with 30 interlaced frames per second by the United States from 1935 to 1938, and with 25 interlaced frames per second in the Soviet Union from 1937 onwards. A similar system was under development in Poland in 1939.

TV cameras were based on the iconoscope, the primary camera tube used in American broadcasting from 1936 until 1946, when it was replaced by the image orthicon tube. Earlier cameras used special spotlights or spinning disks to capture light from a single very brightly lit spot, and were not suitable for broadcasting of outdoor live events.

This early standard was soon replaced by 441-line systems.

Broadcast television systems
Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.

Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, with each system designated by a letter (A-N) in combination with the color standard used (NTSC, PAL or SECAM) - for example PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.). These analog systems for TV broadcasting dominated until the 2000s.

With the introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT), they were replaced by four main systems in use around the world: ATSC, DVB, ISDB and DTMB.
Risto Jalo
Risto Uolevi Jalo (born July 18, 1962) is a Finnish retired professional ice hockey player and current general manager of Ilves in the Finnish Liiga. He played in the SM-liiga with KOOVEE, Ilves, and HPK between 1979 and 1998. He also played 3 games in the National Hockey League with the Edmonton Oilers during the 1985–86 season. Internationally Jalo played for the Finnish national team at several tournaments, including four World Championships and the 1984 Winter Olympics. In 2004 he was inducted into the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame. He served as general manager of Ilves from 1999 to 2004, and again since 2017.

Ilves
Tampereen Ilves, commonly known as Ilves, (pronounced [ˈilʋes]; Finnish for "Lynx") is a Finnish professional ice hockey team based in Tampere. They play in the Liiga at the Nokia Arena.

The colors of Ilves, green, yellow, and black, were taken from what was then the coat of arms of the city of Tampere.
Bank of India
Bank of India (BoI) is an Indian public sector bank headquartered in Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai. Founded in 1906, it has been government-owned since nationalisation in 1969. BoI is a founding member of SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Inter Bank Financial Telecommunications), which facilitates provision of cost-effective financial processing and communication services.

As on 31 December 2024, Bank of India's total business stands at ₹1,446,295 crore (US$170 billion), has 5,202 branches and 8166 ATMs & CRM around the world (including 22 overseas branches).

Public sector banks in India
Public Sector Undertakings (Banks) are a major type of government-owned banks in India, where a majority stake (i.e., more than 50%) is held by the Ministry of Finance (India) of the Government of India or State Ministry of Finance of various State Governments of India. The shares of these government-owned-banks are listed on stock exchanges. Their main objective is social welfare.
Rural Municipality of Bayne No. 371
The Rural Municipality of Bayne No. 371 (2016 population: 467) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 15 and SARM Division No. 5. It is located in the north-central portion of the province.

Division No. 15, Saskatchewan
Division No. 15 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the north-central part of the province. The most populous community in this division is Prince Albert.