hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Reeve
Philip Reeve (born 28 February 1966) is an English author and illustrator of children's books, primarily known for the 2001 book Mortal Engines and its sequels (the 2001 to 2006 Mortal Engines Quartet). His 2007 novel, Here Lies Arthur, based on the legendary King Arthur, won the Carnegie Medal.

Traction City (novella)
Traction City is a novella by Philip Reeve and is a prequel to the Mortal Engines Quartet. It was released as a flip book alongside Chris Priestly's teachers' tales of terror for World Book Day. The novella is set in London and introduces street urchin Smiff, policeman Anders, and a young Anna Fang.

The story was later expanded into the short story titled "Traction City Blues" as part of the Night Flights short story collection, released in July 2018.
Battle of Deal
The Battle of Deal took place on 3 July 1495 in the port town of Deal in Kent when forces of the pretender Perkin Warbeck attempted a landing and were driven off by supporters of the Tudor monarch Henry VII. Warbeck's 1,500 men included many Continental mercenaries hired on his behalf by Margaret of York, while the Tudor fighters were mainly Kentish locals. Fierce fighting took place on the steeply sloping beach. After withdrawing by sea, Warbeck then went to Ireland where he launched an equally unsuccessful Siege of Waterford where two of his ship were sunk and the nine other ships were repelled.

Deal, Kent
Deal is a coastal town in Kent, England, which lies where the North Sea and the English Channel meet, 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Dover and 8 miles (13 km) south of Ramsgate. It is a former fishing, mining and garrison town whose history is closely linked to the anchorage in the Downs. Close to Deal is Walmer, a possible location for Julius Caesar's first arrival in Britain.

Deal became a 'limb port' of the Cinque Ports in 1278 and grew into the busiest port in England; today it is a seaside resort, its streets and houses a reminder of its history along with many ancient buildings and monuments. In 1968, Middle Street was the first conservation area in Kent. The coast of France is approximately 25 miles (40 km) from the town and is visible on clear days. Deal Castle is a device fort commissioned by then-King, Henry VIII.
Rabbit Island, Falkland Islands
Rabbit Island is one of the Falkland Islands in the Hummock Island group. It is near West Falkland, to its west, at the mouth of King George Bay. With a land area of 0.69 square miles (1.78 km2)  it is the second largest of the three main islands in the bay, lying 2.8 miles (4.5 km) west of  Hummock Island and Middle Island. It is east of the Passage Islands and south east of Split Island.

On three sides the island is roughly rectangular, but there is a long promontory extending to the south-east. The island has very steep slopes up to 61 metres (200 ft) to the north and west, but it slopes gently to the east. The highest points are about 91 metres (299 ft). It was heavily grazed by sheep in the past and there is an old shanty in the valley. Rats have been confirmed on the island.

Split Island, Falkland Islands
Split Island is one of the Falkland Islands. It is near West Falkland, to its west, at the mouth of King George Bay. It is to the west of Rabbit Island, Hummock Island and Middle Island. It is north of the Passage Islands and south east of Westpoint Island, and south west of the Byron Heights and Storm Mountain.
Regina Protmann
Regina Protmann (1552 – 18 January 1613) was a Roman Catholic religious sister. She founded the Sisters of Saint Catherine and was a pioneer in the establishment of hospitals as well as schools for girls. Her first biographer was the Jesuit Engelbert Keilert who described her as an intelligent and well-versed woman with a deep faith and sense of conviction.

Her beatification was celebrated on 13 June 1999 in Warsaw.

Braniewo
Braniewo ([braˈɲɛvɔ]) (German: Braunsberg in Ostpreußen) is a town in northern Poland, in Warmia, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, with a population of 16,907 as of June 2021. It is the capital of Braniewo County.

Founded in the Middle Ages, Braniewo is the oldest city in Warmia, and currently the second largest (after Olsztyn), and was its first capital until 1340. From the late medieval period, it prospered from international trade, and in the early modern period, it was a significant center of higher education in Poland, called the "Athens of the North." Additionaly, since the 16th century Braniewo is a noted center for brewing. The town features heritage sites in a variety of styles, including Gothic, Baroque, Neoclassical and Gothic Revival. Braniewo hosts a garrison of the Polish Armed Forces and is a member of Cittaslow.
Hariotina
Hariotina is a genus of green algae in the family Scenedesmaceae. They are classified in the subfamily Coelastroideae.

The genus name of Hariotina is in honour of Paul Auguste Joseph Valentin Hariot (1854-1917), who was a French naturalist, botanist (Bryology,
and Algology) and apothecary. In 1882, he worked in the Cryptogam department of the National Museum of Natural History, France in Paris.

The genus was circumscribed by Pierre Augustin Dangeard in Botaniste vol.1 on page 162 in 1889.

Species of Hariotina are typically found in stagnant water in tropical or subtropical regions. Some species have also been found in temperate regions and large rivers.

Scenedesmaceae
Scenedesmaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales.  Scenedesmus algae are commonly found in freshwater plankton. The former family Coelastraceae is considered a synonym of Scenedesmaceae.

The family has existed since at least the Cretaceous period, as evidenced by amber deposits from France containing the genus Enallax.
Mayor of Johannesburg
The mayor of Johannesburg is the highest elected position in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. Since 2000, they are the chief executive of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality council. On 16 August 2024, the council elected Dada Morero to the position.

Dada Morero
Sello Enoch Dada Morero is a South African politician who has been the Mayor of Johannesburg since 16 August 2024, a position which he previously held for 25 days, from 30 September 2022 until 25 October 2022 when the erstwhile Mayor, Mpho Phalatse, was reinstated through the courts. Morero is the regional chairperson of the African National Congress in Johannesburg.
John II of Brienne, Count of Eu
John II of Brienne (died 11 July 1302 in Kortrijk) was the son of John I of Brienne, Count of Eu and Beatrice of Saint-Pol. He succeeded his father as Count of Eu in 1294.

He married Jeanne, Countess of Guînes (d. 1331 or 1332), the daughter and heir of Baldwin IV, Count of Guînes. They had two children:

Raoul I of Brienne, Count of Eu

Marie, d. young

John was killed at the Battle of the Golden Spurs.

Counts of Eu
This is a list of the counts of Eu, a French county in the Middle Ages (Eu is in the department of Seine-Maritime, in the extreme north of Normandy), disputed between France and England during parts of the Hundred Years' War.
Chełm, Gdańsk
Chełm (Polish pronunciation: [xɛwm]; German: Stolzenberg) is an administrative district (dzielnica administracyjna) of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. Although once the most populous district of the city, its size and population were significantly reduced from 2010 up until 2019 as new districts were separated from it.

Ujeścisko-Łostowice
Ujeścisko-Łostowice is one of the administrative districts (dzielnica administracyjna) of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. Currently, it is one of the city's most rapidly developing and most populous suburban areas.
2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)
The 2nd Cavalry Regiment, also known as the Second Dragoons, is an active Stryker infantry and cavalry regiment of the United States Army. The Second Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army Europe and Africa, with its garrison at the Rose Barracks in Vilseck, Germany. It can trace its lineage back to the early part of the 19th century.

Eli L. Huggins
Eli Lundy Huggins (August 1, 1842 – October 22, 1929) was an American Brigadier General and author who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Indian Wars. He was also the commander of the 8th Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the Spanish–American War.
Prionoceratoidea
Prionoceratoidea is a superfamily in the goniatitid suborder, Tornoceratina that was extant during the latter Paleozoic.

The inclusive taxonomy of the Prionoceratoidea varies according to classification. In some, valid families are the Gattendorfiidae, Prionoceratidae, Pseudarietitidae, and Voehringeritidae. Others may add the Acrocanitidae, Cheiloceratidae,  Praeglyphioceratidae, and Sporadoceratidae to the list although it is not at all clear that these belong.

Praeglyphioceratidae
Praeglyphioceratidae is one of seven families of the Prionocerataceae families, a member of the Goniatitida order. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
Mary FitzRoy, Duchess of Richmond and Somerset
Mary FitzRoy, Duchess of Richmond and Somerset (c. 1519 – December 1555/1557), born Mary Howard, was a daughter-in-law of King Henry VIII of England, the wife of his illegitimate son Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset.

Catherine Howard
Catherine Howard (c. 1523 – 13 February 1542) was Queen of England from July 1540 until November 1541 as the fifth wife of King Henry VIII. She was the daughter of Lord Edmund Howard and Joyce Culpeper, a first cousin to Anne Boleyn (the second wife of Henry VIII), and the niece of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. Thomas Howard was a prominent politician at Henry's court. He secured her a place in the household of Henry's fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, where Howard caught the King's interest. She married him on 28 July 1540 at Oatlands Palace in Surrey, just 19 days after the annulment of his marriage to Anne. Henry was 49, and it is widely accepted that Catherine was about 17 at the time of her marriage to him.

Catherine was stripped of her title as queen in November 1541 and beheaded three months later on the grounds of treason for committing adultery with her distant cousin, Thomas Culpeper.
St Mary's Church, Haverfordwest
St Mary's Church is an Anglican church in the centre of Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, Wales, prominently visible at the top of the town's High Street. The church dates from the 12th century and is a Grade I listed building

Haverfordwest
Haverfordwest (/ˌhævərfərdˈwɛst/ HAV-ər-fərd-WEST, locally /ˈhɑːrfərdwɛst/ HAR-fərd-west; Welsh: Hwlffordd [ˈhʊlfɔrð]) is the county town of Pembrokeshire, Wales, and the most populous urban area in Pembrokeshire with a population of 14,596 in 2011. It is also a community consisting of 12,042 people, making it the second most populous community in the county after Milford Haven. The suburbs include the former parish of Prendergast, Albert Town and the residential and industrial areas of Withybush (housing, retail parks, hospital, airport and showground).

Haverfordwest has a strategic location: it was the lowest bridging point of the Western Cleddau before the Cleddau Bridge opened in 1975.
D. Wayne Lukas
Darrell Wayne Lukas (September 2, 1935 – June 28, 2025) was an American horse trainer and a U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee. He won 20 Breeders' Cup races, 15 Triple Crown races, received five Eclipse Awards for his accomplishments, and his horses won 25 year-end Eclipse Awards. Lukas was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2007.

Tabasco Cat
Tabasco Cat (April 15, 1991 – March 6, 2004) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He was best known for his performances in 1994 when he won the Preakness Stakes and the Belmont Stakes, the second and third legs of the Triple Crown Series.
Ali Farka Touré
Ali Ibrahim "Ali Farka" Touré (31 October 1939 – 6 March 2006) was a Malian singer and multi-instrumentalist, and one of the African continent's most internationally renowned musicians. His music blends traditional Malian music and its derivative, African American blues and is considered a pioneer of African desert blues. Touré was ranked number 76 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" and number 37 on Spin magazine's "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

Some years after his death, a group of musicians playing in his style performed as the Ali Farka Touré Allstars (2012), and later the Ali Farka Touré Band (formed 2014).

Taj Mahal (musician)
Henry St. Claire Fredericks Jr. (born May 17, 1942), better known by his stage name Taj Mahal, is an American blues musician. He plays the guitar, piano, banjo, harmonica, and many other instruments along with singing and whistling, often incorporating elements of world music into his work. Mahal has done much to reshape the definition and scope of blues music over the course of his more than 50-year career by fusing it with nontraditional forms, including sounds from the Caribbean, Africa, India, Hawaii, and the South Pacific.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso (consul 27)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso (born Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso) was son of Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (consul 7 BC) and Munatia Plancina. After his father's suicide, he changed his name from Gnaeus to Lucius.

He was a member of the gens Calpurnia, one of Rome's most distinguished senatorial families, and specifically was among the Calpurnii Pisones.

His wife was Licinia, daughter of the consul Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi. Their son was Gaius Calpurnius Piso who was the focal figure in the Pisonian conspiracy of AD 65, the most famous and wide-ranging plot against Emperor Nero, and who was ordered to commit suicide.

Gaius Calpurnius Piso (conspirator)
Gaius Calpurnius Piso (died AD 65) was a Roman senator in the first century. He was the focal figure in the Pisonian conspiracy of AD 65, the most famous and wide-ranging plot against the throne of Emperor Nero.
Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design
The Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design is a biannual award that acknowledges remarkable urban design projects that include multiple buildings or an open space, improve the quality of urban life, and have a humane and beneficial impact. It is awarded by Harvard University's Graduate School of Design (Mass., U.S.A.) and was founded in 1986 to mark the 350th anniversary of Harvard University and the 50th anniversary of the Graduate School of Design.

The award has been cited as the world's most important for urban planning.
It comes with a prize of $50,000 (in 2017).
Among its unique particularities, is that its jury members visit finalist projects in person.

West 8
West 8 is an urban planning and landscape architecture firm founded by Adriaan Geuze and Paul van Beek in Rotterdam, Netherlands in 1987. It is known for its contemporary designs and innovative solutions to urban planning problems using lighting, metal structures, and color. Van Beek is no longer part of the firm.

Geuze founded West 8 in 1987 in Rotterdam with Paul van Beek, who later left the firm. Geuze won the Dutch Maaskant Award for young architects in 1987 and the firm grew to employ more than 75 architects and planners, with offices in Rotterdam and New York City. The firm has produced several striking designs and is part of a wave of Dutch architects doing major works that have received international attention and recognition for novel design approaches.
Southwestern Advantage
Southwestern Advantage (formerly known as Southwestern Company), is an education material sales company based in Nashville, TN. The privately owned company recruits college and university students as independent contractors to sell educational books, apps, and website subscriptions door-to-door using direct selling methods. Southwestern Advantage is part of the Southwestern Family of Companies.

Southwestern Family of Companies
Southwestern Family of Companies is an international, employee-owned conglomerate. It was started in 1855 as Southwestern Publishing House. In 2023, it was made up of 19 individual businesses. These businesses are in various industries including publishing, insurance, investment services, real estate, travel, business and leadership coaching, and sales.
Alger County, Michigan
Alger County (/ˌældʒər/ AL-jər) is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 8,842. It is the state's second-largest county by area, including the waters of Lake Superior. The county seat is Munising. Alger County is home to Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, which features rock formations, waterfalls, and sand dunes along the shore of Lake Superior. Much of the county is also part of the Hiawatha National Forest.

H-13 (Michigan county highway)
H-13 is a county-designated highway in the Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan that runs north–south for approximately 36.2 miles (58.3 km) between Nahma Junction in Delta County and the Munising area in Alger County. The highway is also signed as Federal Forest Highway 13 (FFH-13), a Federal Forest Highway between Nahma Junction and Wetmore. The roadway runs through rural national forest lands providing access to several campgrounds and parks. The area contains several lakes as well. The Forest Highway System dates back to the 1920s, and an earthen roadway was present along the route of FFH-13 by the 1930s. It was paved by the late 1940s and added to the county-designated highway system in the 1970s. A section of H-13 in Alger County originally continued north to Miners Castle, but the roadway designation was truncated in the first decade of the 21st century.
Van der Waals strain
Van der Waals strain is strain resulting from Van der Waals repulsion when two substituents in a molecule approach each other with a distance less than the sum of their Van der Waals radii. 
Van der Waals strain is also called Van der Waals repulsion and is related to steric hindrance. One of the most common forms of this strain is eclipsing hydrogen, in alkanes.

Strain (chemistry)
In chemistry, a molecule experiences strain when its chemical structure undergoes some stress which raises its internal energy in comparison to a strain-free reference compound.  The internal energy of a molecule consists of all the energy stored within it.  A strained molecule has an additional amount of internal energy which an unstrained molecule does not.  This extra internal energy, or strain energy, can be likened to a compressed spring.  Much like a compressed spring must be held in place to prevent release of its potential energy, a molecule can be held in an energetically unfavorable conformation by the bonds within that molecule.  Without the bonds holding the conformation in place, the strain energy would be released.
Traffic light control and coordination
The normal function of traffic lights requires more than sight control and coordination to ensure that traffic and pedestrians move as smoothly, and safely as possible. A variety of different control systems are used to accomplish this, ranging from simple clockwork mechanisms to sophisticated computerized control and coordination systems that self-adjust to minimize delay to people using the junction.

In the United States, traffic signal timing is traditionally operated to minimize vehicle delay at traffic signals. This often impacts safety and mobility for people walking and riding bicycles.

PTV Vissim
PTV Vissim is a microscopic multi-modal traffic flow simulation software package developed by PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG in Karlsruhe, Germany. It was first developed in 1992. The name is derived from "Verkehr In Städten - SIMulationsmodell" (German for "Traffic in cities - simulation model").
Provinces of Cuba
Administratively, Cuba is divided into 15 provinces and one special municipality (the Isla de la Juventud). The current structure has been in place since August 2010, when the then-La Habana Province was divided into Artemisa Province and Mayabeque Province.

Santiago de Cuba Province
Santiago de Cuba Province is the second most populated province in the island of Cuba. The largest city Santiago de Cuba is the main administrative center. Other large cities include Palma Soriano, Contramaestre, San Luis, and Songo-La Maya.
1984 Tennent's Sixes
The 1984 Tennents' Sixes was the first staging of the indoor 6-a-side football tournament taking place at Coasters Arena in Falkirk on 16 and 17 January and televised on BBC Scotland.

9 teams from the 1983–84 Scottish Premier Division season competed in the inaugural championship with Aberdeen absent and each club received £3000 for appearing.

The tournament had 3 group winners plus the best runners-up qualify to the semi-finals and Rangers beat Dundee in the final.

Tennents' Sixes
The Tennents' Sixes was an annual indoor football tournament contested each January by senior football clubs from Scotland (along with some English guests) between 1984 and 1993. The tournament was sponsored by Tennent Caledonian Breweries and organised by the Scottish Football Association. When Tennent Caledonian Breweries withdrew their sponsorship after the 1993 event, the Sixes was discontinued.

The format used was dependent on the number of teams participating: in most cases 10 teams were involved and would be drawn into 2 groups of 5 who would play each other once. From there, the first and second-placed teams from each group would contest the knockout stages, consisting of two semi-finals and a final.
8b/10b encoding
In telecommunications, 8b/10b is a line code that maps 8-bit words to 10-bit symbols to achieve DC balance and bounded disparity, and at the same time provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery.  This means that the difference between the counts of ones and zeros in a string of at least 20 bits is no more than two, and that there are not more than five ones or zeros in a row. This helps to reduce the demand for the lower bandwidth limit of the channel necessary to transfer the signal.

An 8b/10b code can be implemented in various ways with focus on different performance parameters. One implementation was designed by K. Odaka for the DAT digital audio recorder. Kees Schouhamer Immink designed an 8b/10b code for the DCC audio recorder. The IBM implementation was described in 1983 by Al Widmer and Peter Franaszek.

Clock recovery
Clock recovery is a process in serial communication used to extract timing information from a stream of serial data being sent in order to accurately determine payload sequence without separate clock information. It is widely used in data communications; the similar concept used in analog systems like color television is known as carrier recovery.
Your Sinclair
Your Sinclair, originally Your Spectrum or YS, is a discontinued British computer magazine for the Sinclair range of computers, mainly the ZX Spectrum. It was commercially published between 1984 and 1993.

Covermount
Covermount (sometimes written cover mount) is the name given to storage media (containing software and or audiovisual media) or other products (ranging from toys to flip-flops) packaged as part of a magazine or newspaper. The name comes from the method of packaging; the media or product is placed in a transparent plastic sleeve and mounted on the cover of the magazine with adhesive tape or glue.