hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James J. Hill
James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 – May 29, 1916) was an American railway entrepreneur. He was the chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and the Pacific Northwest in the United States. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as "The Empire Builder", and died in 1916 with a fortune of about $63 million. His former home, James J. Hill House, is now a museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Norman Kittson
Norman Wolfred Kittson (March 6, 1814 – May 10, 1888) was one of early Minnesota's most prominent citizens. He was a fur trader, then a steamboat-line operator and finally a railway entrepreneur and owner of thoroughbred racehorses. He was part of the original syndicate that created the Canadian Pacific Railway. Kittson County, Minnesota is named for him. Norman County, Minnesota also was named for him.
Ormea
Ormea is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Cuneo.

Ormea borders the following municipalities: Alto, Armo, Briga Alta, Caprauna, Cosio di Arroscia, Frabosa Soprana, Garessio, Magliano Alpi, Nasino, Pornassio, Roburent, and Roccaforte Mondovì.

Roccaforte Mondovì
Roccaforte Mondovì (Vivaro-Alpine: Ròcafuòrt, Ròcafòrt, or Rocafòrt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Cuneo.

Roccaforte Mondovì borders the following municipalities: Briga Alta, Chiusa di Pesio, Frabosa Sottana, Magliano Alpi, Ormea, Pianfei, and Villanova Mondovì.
Jay Hosler
Jay Hosler is the author and illustrator of science-oriented comics. He is best known for his graphic novels Clan Apis, The Sandwalk Adventures, and Optical Allusions. Clan Apis, a Xeric Foundation Award winner, follows the life of a honey bee named Nyuki; the story conveys factual information about honey bees in a humorous fashion as Nyuki learns about each new stage of her life. The Sandwalk Adventures, an Eisner Award nominee, follows a conversation about evolution between Charles Darwin and a follicle mite living in his left eyebrow.  Optical Allusions, funded in part by a National Science Foundation grant, explains the evolution of the eye and vision by following the story of Wrinkles the Wonderbrain.  Hosler is also an entomologist and David K Goodman '74 Professor of Biology at Juniata College.

Jim Ottaviani
Jim Ottaviani is an American writer who is the author of several comic books about the history of science. His best-known work, Two-Fisted Science: Stories About Scientists, features biographical stories about Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Niels Bohr, and several stories about physicist Richard Feynman. He is also a librarian and has worked as a nuclear engineer.
Diocese of Joliet
The Diocese of Joliet in Illinois (Latin: Diœcesis Joliettensis in Illinois) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in Illinois in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Chicago. It was created in 1948, branching from the Archdiocese of Chicago. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of St. Raymond Nonnatus in Joliet. The diocese is currently a vacant see (sede vacante), since the previous bishop, Ronald Hicks, who led the diocese from 2020 to 2026 after serving as auxiliary bishop and vicar general of the Chicago archdiocese from 2018 to 2020, was named Archbishop of New York by Pope Leo XIV, succeeding the retiring Cardinal Timothy Dolan.

Romeo Roy Blanchette
Romeo Roy Blanchette (January 6, 1913 – January 10, 1982) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Joliet in Illinois from 1966 to 1979. He previously served as auxiliary bishop of the same diocese from 1965 to 1966.
Nathi Lions F.C.
Nathi Lions was a South African football club based in KwaMashu, roughly 30 km north of Durban. The team franchise was renamed Atlie FC in 2011.

Their best result was making it to the quarterfinals of the 2008 Nedbank Cup.

Atlie F.C.
Atlie FC is a South African football (soccer) club based in Benoni, Gauteng.

Atlie came into existence in 2011 after the club's owners bought out Durban based side Nathi Lions and moved the club to Ekurhuleni.

The team were relegated from the 2011–12 National First Division finishing the season 16th place. Carara Kicks later had eighteen points removed due to fielding an ineligible player and Atlie were moved up to 15th place.

Following the club's relegation, the owner Thabo Mathamela began talks with FC AK with a view to purchasing a controlling stake in the club.
Berwick Hills
Berwick Hills is a suburb in the Borough of Middlesbrough in North Yorkshire, England with a population of 4,465. It is east of Middlesbrough centre. The ward it belongs to is shared with the smaller area of Pallister. Both are separated by Ormesby Road.

Pallister
Pallister is an area in the borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It is located within the TS3 postcode area. The Pallister Ward (shared with the larger Berwick Hills) had population at the  2011 Census of 6,069, the ward was later renamed in 2015 to Berwick Hills and Pallister.

The area, made up of mostly housing association houses, has developed a reputation over the years for crime and anti-social behaviour.

Pallister Park

Pallister Park field

It is also known as Pallister Park or Pally Park because of the public park located at the northern edge of the area.
Sannhet
Sannhet (Norwegian for "truth") is an American experimental metal band from Brooklyn, New York, United States. The band formed in 2010 by John Refano, Christopher Todd, and AJ Annunziata. They have released three full-length albums as well as a variety of EPs and singles which were collected together and released in their 2016 compilation album Young Death. Sannhet has become known for their elaborate live shows which combine their "dense" sound with lights, projected visualizations and rhythm-synced strobes. They are an instrumental band with a sound that combines black metal, sludge metal, and shoegaze with the structures and orders of post-rock and post-punk, though unlike other bands with similar influences, they tend to favor shorter song structures.

The Flenser
The Flenser (also known as Flenser Records) is an American record label founded by Jonathan Tuite in 2009 in San Francisco, California. It describes itself as a "dark music" label or a "dark experimental record label".

Bands that work with or have worked with The Flenser include Have a Nice Life, Deafheaven, Kayo Dot, Planning for Burial, Midwife, Chat Pile and Uboa.
William Swainson (lawyer)
William Swainson (25 April 1809 – 1 December 1884) became the second, and last, Attorney-General of the Crown colony of New Zealand and instrumental in setting up the legal system of New Zealand. He was the first Speaker of the New Zealand Legislative Council.

Attorney-General (New Zealand)
The Attorney-General (Māori: Rōia Matua) is a political and legal officer in New Zealand. The Attorney-General is simultaneously a ministerial position and the chief law officer of the Crown, and has responsibility for supervising New Zealand law and advising the government on legal matters. The Attorney-General serves both a political and apolitical function. The current Attorney-General is Judith Collins.
Neighbour Peak
Neighbour Peak (54°31′S 36°6′W﻿ / ﻿54.517°S 36.100°W﻿ / -54.517; -36.100) is a peak rising 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) west of Pirner Peak at Royal Bay, South Georgia. The British Combined Services Expedition, 1964–65, identified this feature as "Nachbar" (meaning neighbor), the name used by the German expedition under Schrader, 1882–83. The United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) recommended in 1971 that "Nachbar" be used in the English form Neighbour and the descriptive term peak be added to it.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Neighbour Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Pirner Peak
Pirner Peak (54°31′S 36°4′W﻿ / ﻿54.517°S 36.067°W﻿ / -54.517; -36.067) is a peak 0.7 nautical miles (1.3 km) northwest of Pirner Point, Royal Bay, South Georgia. Surveyed by the German group of the International Polar Year Investigations, 1882–83, and named by them for Captain Pirner of the expedition ship Moltke.
Walchand Institute of Technology
Walchand Institute of Technology (WIT), established in 1983, is the oldest engineering college in Solapur, India. Now it is first autonomous Engineering institute of Solapur. WIT is managed by Shri Aillak Pannalal Digambar Jain Pathashala Trust and is named after Seth Walchand Hirachand, one of India's pioneers of industrial development.

The facilities provided at the college have been adjudged amongst the best, according to an independent Newspaper study and by an inspiration team of Directorate of Technical Education, Maharashtra.

The institute is affiliated with Solapur University (previously to Shivaji University ) and is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi. The institute began with production engineering, environmental engineering, and electronics engineering branches.

Walchand Hirachand
Walchand Hirachand Doshi CIE (23 November 1882 – 8 April 1953) was an Indian industrialist and the founder of the Walchand group. He established India's first modern shipyard, first aircraft factory and first car factory; he also established construction companies, sugarcane plantations, sugar factories, confectioneries, engineering companies and many other businesses.
Death of Savita Halappanavar
Savita Halappanavar (née Savita Andanappa Yalagi; 9 September 1981 – 28 October 2012) was a dentist of Indian origin, living in Ireland, who died from sepsis after her request for an abortion after a prolonged miscarriage was denied on legal grounds. In the wake of a nationwide outcry over her death, Irish voters passed in a landslide the Thirty-Sixth Amendment of the Constitution, which repealed the Eighth Amendment and empowered the Oireachtas parliament to make abortion legal. It did so through the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act of 20 December 2018.

Abortion-rights movement
Abortion-rights movements, also self-styled as pro-choice movements, are movements that advocate for legal access to induced abortion services, including elective abortion. They seek to represent and support women who wish to terminate their pregnancy without fear of legal or social backlash.  These movements are in direct opposition to anti-abortion movements.

The issue of induced abortion remains divisive in public life, with recurring arguments to liberalize or restrict access to legal abortion services. Some abortion-rights supporters are divided as to the types of abortion services that should be available under different circumstances, including periods in the pregnancy such as late term abortions, in which access may or may not be restricted.
Stephen Pohlig
Stephen C. Pohlig (1952/1953 in Washington, D.C. – April 14, 2017) was an American electrical engineer who worked in the MIT Lincoln Laboratory. As a graduate student of Martin Hellman's at Stanford University in the mid-1970s, he helped develop the underlying concepts of Diffie-Hellman key exchange, including the Pohlig–Hellman exponentiation cipher and the Pohlig–Hellman algorithm for computing discrete logarithms. That cipher can be regarded as a predecessor to the RSA (cryptosystem) since all that is needed to transform it into RSA is to change the arithmetic from modulo a prime number to modulo a composite number.

In his spare time Stephen Pohlig was a keen kayaker known to many throughout the New England area.

Pohlig died on April 14, 2017, at the age of 64 after fighting gallbladder cancer for a year.

Martin Hellman
Martin Edward Hellman (born October 2, 1945) is an American cryptologist and mathematician, best known for his invention of public-key cryptography in cooperation with Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle. Hellman is a longtime contributor to the computer privacy debate, and has applied risk analysis to a potential failure of nuclear deterrence.

Hellman was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 for contributions to the theory and practice of cryptography. In 2015, he and Whitfield Diffie won the ACM Turing Award.

In 2016, he wrote a book with his wife, Dorothie Hellman, that links creating love at home to bringing peace to the planet (A New Map for Relationships: Creating True Love at Home and Peace on the Planet).
Roman Catholic Diocese of Šibenik
The Diocese of Šibenik (Latin: Dioecesis Sebenicensis; Croatian: Šibenska biskupija) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Croatia located in the city of Šibenik in the ecclesiastical province of Split-Makarska. It was established in 1298 by the pope Boniface VIII.

Archdiocese of Split-Makarska
The Archdiocese of Split-Makarska (Latin: Archidioecesis Spalatensis-Macarscensis; Croatian: Splitsko-makarska nadbiskupija) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Croatia and Montenegro. The diocese was established in the 3rd century AD and was made an archdiocese and metropolitan see in the 10th century. The modern diocese was erected in 1828, when the historical archdiocese of Salona was combined with the Diocese of Makarska. It was elevated as an archdiocese and metropolitan see in 1969, restoring the earlier status of the archdiocese of Split, as it is also known. The diocese was also known as Spalato-Macarsca.
Roasio
Roasio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Vercelli. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,517 and an area of 28.1 square kilometres (10.8 sq mi).

The municipality of Roasio contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) San Maurizio, Castelletto Villa, San Giorgio, Sant' Eusebio, Corticella, Curavecchia, and Prucengo.

Roasio borders the following municipalities: Brusnengo, Curino, Gattinara, Lozzolo, Rovasenda, Sostegno, and Villa del Bosco.

Sostegno
Sostegno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Biella.

Sostegno borders the following municipalities: Crevacuore, Curino, Lozzolo, Roasio, Serravalle Sesia, Villa del Bosco. Economy is based on the production of apples and wine.
Bernard Bolzano
Bernard Bolzano (UK: /bɒlˈtsɑːnoʊ/, US: /boʊltˈsɑː-, boʊlˈzɑː-/; German: [bɔlˈtsaːno]; Italian: [bolˈtsaːno]; born Bernardus Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano; 5 October 1781 – 18 December 1848) was a Bohemian mathematician, logician, philosopher, theologian and Catholic priest of Italian extraction, also known for his liberal views.

Bolzano wrote in German, his native language. For the most part, his work came to prominence posthumously.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Vestre Slidre Municipality
Vestre Slidre is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Valdres. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Slidre. Other villages in the municipality include Lomen and Røn.

The 457-square-kilometre (176 sq mi) municipality is the 219th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vestre Slidre Municipality is the 275th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,142. The municipality's population density is 4.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (12/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Røn
Røn is a village in Vestre Slidre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located where the Slidrefjorden and the Strondafjorden meet, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the village of Slidre. The European route E16 highway runs through the village.

The 0.48-square-kilometre (120-acre) village has a population (2024) of 274 and a population density of 571 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,480/sq mi).
Serpent's Tail
Serpent's Tail is London-based independent publishing firm founded in 1986 by Pete Ayrton. It specialises in publishing work in translation, particularly European crime fiction. In January 2007, it was bought by a British publisher Profile Books.

Profile Books
Profile Books is a British independent book publishing firm founded in 1996. It publishes non-fiction subjects including history, biography, memoir, politics, current affairs, travel and popular science.

Profile Books is distributed in the UK by Random House and sold by Faber & Faber, and is part of the Independent Alliance.
Department of Municipalities, Culture and Housing (New Brunswick)
The Department of Municipalities, Culture and Housing  was a part of the Government of New Brunswick.  It was charged with the planning and supervision of local government and the development and administration of programs in support of affordable housing, home ownership and the enhancement of community life in New Brunswick. This department took over the functions of the former Department of Municipal Affairs in 1991. In 1998, most of the department's functions were transferred to the new Department of Municipalities and Housing.

Department of Municipalities and Housing (New Brunswick)
The Department of Municipalities and Housing was a part of the Government of New Brunswick.  It was charged with the planning and supervision of local government and the development and administration of programs in support of affordable housing and home ownership in New Brunswick. This department took over the functions of the former Department of Municipalities, Culture and Housing in 1998. In 2000, the department's functions were transferred to the new departments of Environment and Local Government and Family and Community Services.
Grays Ferry Bridge
Grays Ferry Bridge (previously spelled as Gray's Ferry Bridge) has been the formal or informal name of several floating bridges and four permanent ones that have carried highway and rail traffic over the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia. The bridge today is a four-lane divided highway bridge, built in 1976, that carries Grays Ferry Avenue from the Grays Ferry neighborhood on the east bank, over the river and the Northeast Corridor railroad tracks, to the Southwest Philadelphia neighborhood of Kingsessing.

In 1902, rail traffic was shifted to the adjacent Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Bridge No. 1, which was demolished in 2018. Its pilings support an under-construction bridge for use by cyclists and pedestrians traveling the Schuylkill River Trail.

The Woodlands (Philadelphia)
The Woodlands is a National Historic Landmark District on the west bank of the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia. It includes a Federal-style mansion, a matching carriage house and stable, and a garden landscape that in 1840 was transformed into a Victorian rural cemetery with an arboretum of over 1,000 trees. More than 30,000 people are buried at the cemetery. Among the tombstones at Woodlands cemetery is the tombstone of Dr Thomas W. Evans, which at 150 feet (46 m), is both the tallest gravestone in the United States and the tallest obelisk gravestone in the world.
Oshawa Group
The Oshawa Group was a leading owner of supermarkets in Ontario, Canada; It was purchased by Empire Company Limited (Owner of Sobeys) in 1998. The Company was based in Etobicoke and traded on the Toronto and Montreal stock exchanges.

Sobeys
Sobeys Inc. is a national supermarket chain in Canada with over 1,500 stores operating under a variety of banners. Headquartered in Stellarton, Nova Scotia, it operates stores in all ten provinces and accumulated sales of more than C$25.1 billion in the fiscal 2019 operating year. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Empire Company Limited, a Canadian business conglomerate.

It is a participant in the voluntary Scanner Price Accuracy Code managed by the Retail Council of Canada.
Xinjiangwancheng station
Xinjiangwancheng (simplified Chinese: 新江湾城; traditional Chinese: 新江灣城; pinyin: Xīnjiāngwānchéng; lit. 'New Jiangwan City'), is a Shanghai Metro station located on Line 10 in Yangpu District, Shanghai. Located at the intersection of Songhu Road and Yinhang Road, it is named after the nearby residential community of New Jiangwan City, which was built on the former Jiangwan Airport lands. It opened with the rest of the first phase of Line 10 on 10 April 2010. It served as the northern terminus of the line until 26 December 2020, when phase two of Line 10 opened, extending the line further north to Jilong Road station.

Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 10 is a southwest–northeast line of the Shanghai Metro network that opened for service on April 10, 2010. The line runs from Jilong Road to Hongqiao Railway Station, with a branch line from Longxi Road to Hangzhong Road. It has been given the unofficial nickname “Golden Line” as it links many of the city's tourist attractions like Yuyuan and Xintiandi. It connects the Hongqiao International Airport with the downtown core of Shanghai, and also the dense residential districts of Yangpu and Hongkou. It is the only line in the system with numbered station codes. It is the first high-density and high-volume fully automatic subway line in mainland China, operating with GoA4 unattended train operation. The line is colored lilac on system maps.
Leelanau Peninsula
The Leelanau Peninsula (/ˈliːlənɔː/ LEE-lə-naw) is a peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan that extends about 30 miles (50 km) from the western side of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan into Lake Michigan, forming Grand Traverse Bay. It is often referred to as the "little finger" of the mitten-shaped lower peninsula. The peninsula is a tourist hotspot, especially due to the popularity of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, which adorns the southwestern coast of the peninsula. The peninsula is also largely agricultural, notably for cherries and wine.

Most of the peninsula is politically part of the eponymous Leelanau County, which also administers the nearby Manitou Islands and Fox Islands. The base of the peninsula, at its southern end, is divided between Benzie County and Grand Traverse County. Traverse City, the largest city in Northern Michigan, is located at the southeastern end of the peninsula, at the head of Grand Traverse Bay.

Lake Leelanau, Michigan
Lake Leelanau is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Leelanau County, Michigan, near the lake of the same name. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 229. It is situated along M-204 at the "narrows" that separate North and South Lake Leelanau. The community is divided between Leland Township and Suttons Bay Township.
Caversham Lakes
Caversham Lakes is a set of lakes created through gravel extraction between the suburb of Caversham in Reading, Berkshire and the hamlet of Sonning Eye in Oxfordshire, just north of the River Thames and also refers to the sports buildings and facilities alongside those lakes.

Sonning Eye
Sonning Eye is a hamlet on the River Thames in the Sonning Common ward of South Oxfordshire, England, in the civil parish of Eye & Dunsden (one of its four small settlements), at what is, since 1974, the southernmost tip of Oxfordshire.