hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bonaventure—Gaspé—Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Pabok
Bonaventure—Gaspé—Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Pabok (formerly known as Gaspé—Bonaventure—Îles-de-la-Madeleine) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2004.

It was created in 1996 as "Gaspé—Bonaventure—Îles-de-la-Madeleine" riding from Bonaventure—Îles-de-la-Madeleine and Gaspé ridings. It was abolished in 2003 when it was merged into Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine.

The district consisted of the cities of Chandler, Gaspé, Grande-Rivière, Murdochville, New Richmond and Percé, and the Regional County Municipalities of Bonaventure, La Côte-de-Gaspé, Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine and Pabok.

Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Listuguj
Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Listuguj (formerly Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine) is a federal electoral district (riding) in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons since 2004.

It was created by the Representation Order of 2003 from parts of Bonaventure—Gaspé—Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Pabok and Matapédia—Matane.

Since 2025, its member of Parliament (MP) has been Alexis Deschênes of the Bloc Québécois (BQ).
Parliament of Bats
The Parliament of Bats was a Parliament of England that was held in 1426 in Leicester. Meetings took place in the great hall of Leicester Castle. The king at the time, Henry VI, was an infant, and the session saw him knighted in St Mary de Castro Church across the road from the Castle Great Hall.

Tensions were high because of the ongoing dispute between Cardinal Beaufort, the Bishop of Winchester and off-and-on Lord Chancellor, and the Duke of Gloucester, the King's uncle and regent. Members and their attendants were therefore not allowed by the Duke of Gloucester to carry swords, and so armed themselves with bats, giving rise to the name "Parliament of Bats". This abuse of the rules led to bats also being prohibited at later parliaments. The parliament saw Beaufort removed permanently as Lord Chancellor and replaced with John Kemp.

Church of St Mary de Castro, Leicester
St Mary de Castro is a medieval Grade I listed church in Leicester, England, located within the bailey of Leicester Castle. It is a Church of England parish church in the Diocese of Leicester. De Castro is Latin for 'of the Castle'; to differentiate it from the nearby St Mary de Pratis; 'St Mary of the Meadows'.

The building was closed to the public from 2011to 2015 after the spire was found to be unsafe and was dismantled. The tower has lacked a spire since then, as funds are insufficient to repair the tower and replace the spire.
Saint-Domingue expedition
The Saint-Domingue expedition was a large French military invasion sent by Napoleon Bonaparte, then First Consul, under his brother-in-law Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc in an attempt to regain French control of the Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue on the island of Hispaniola, and curtail the measures of independence and abolition of slaves taken by the former slave Toussaint Louverture. It departed in December 1801 and, after initial success, ended in a French defeat at the Battle of Vertières and the departure of French troops in December 1803. The defeat forever ended Napoleon's dreams of a French empire in the West.

Alexandre Pétion
Alexandre Sabès Pétion (French pronunciation: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ sabɛs petjɔ̃]; 2 April 1770 – 29 March 1818) was a Haitian army officer and statesman who served as the first president of the Republic of Haiti from 1807 until his death in 1818. One of Haiti's founding fathers, Pétion belonged to the revolutionary quartet that also includes Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and his later rival Henri Christophe. Regarded as an excellent artilleryman in his early adulthood, Pétion would distinguish himself as an esteemed military commander with experience leading both French and Haitian troops. The 1802 coalition formed by him and Dessalines against French forces led by Charles Leclerc would prove to be a watershed moment in the decade-long conflict, eventually culminating in the decisive Haitian victory at the Battle of Vertières in 1803.
Trolltinden (Innlandet)
Trolltinden (a.k.a.: Sagtinden) is a mountain in Dovre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,018-metre (6,621 ft) tall mountain is located in the Rondane mountains and inside the Rondane National Park, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) northeast of the town of Otta and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of the village of Dombås. The mountain located in a group of mountains called Smiubelgen. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Veslesmeden and Storsmeden to the southeast; Ljosåbelgen and Bråkdalsbelgen to the south; Sagtindan and Indre Bråkdalshøe to the west, and Gråhøe and Vassberget to the northwest.

Bråkdalsbelgen
Bråkdalsbelgen is a mountain in Sel Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,915-metre (6,283 ft) tall mountain is located in the Rondane mountains within Rondane National Park. The mountain sits about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the town of Otta. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Ljosåbelgen, Hoggbeitet, Smiukampen, and Sagtinden, all three of which overlook Verkilsdal, a small river valley. A small lake, Verkilsdalsvatnet, is located at the base of Bråkdalsbelgen.
Boolean ring
In mathematics, a Boolean ring R is a ring for which x2 = x for all x in R, that is, a ring that consists of only idempotent elements. An example is the ring of integers modulo 2.

Every Boolean ring gives rise to a Boolean algebra, with ring multiplication corresponding to conjunction or meet ∧, and ring addition to exclusive disjunction or symmetric difference (not disjunction ∨, which would constitute a semiring).  Conversely, every Boolean algebra gives rise to a Boolean ring.  Boolean rings are named after the founder of Boolean algebra, George Boole.

Idempotent (ring theory)
In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, an idempotent element or simply idempotent of a ring is an element a such that a2 = a. That is, the element is idempotent under the ring's multiplication. Inductively then, one can also conclude that a = a2 = a3 = a4 = ... = an for any positive integer n. For example, an idempotent element of a matrix ring is precisely an idempotent matrix.

For general rings, elements idempotent under multiplication are involved in decompositions of modules, and connected to homological properties of the ring. In Boolean algebra, the main objects of study are rings in which all elements are idempotent under both addition and multiplication.
Gervais II, Lord of Château-du-Loir
Gervais II (c. 1030 – c. 1095) was the lord of Château-du-Loir. In 1067, Gervais II succeeded his uncle, Gervais de Château-du-Loir. Gervais II had a daughter, named Matilda, who married Elias I, Count of Maine in 1090.

Elias I, Count of Maine
Elias I (also Hélie or Élie) (died 11 July 1110), called de la Flèche or de Baugency, was the count of Maine, succeeding his cousin Hugh V.

He was the son of Jean de la Flèche (also known as Jean de Beaugency) and Paula, daughter of Count Herbert I of Maine. Elias succeeded his father as the third lord of La Flèche.
Heath W. Lowry
Heath Ward Lowry (born 23 December 1942) is the Atatürk Professor of Ottoman and Modern Turkish Studies emeritus at Princeton University and Bahçeşehir University. He is an author of books about the history of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey.

David B. MacDonald, of the Political Science department at the University of Guelph in Ontario, has labeled Lowry as one of the key deniers of the Armenian genocide. According to Israeli historian Yair Auron, Justin McCarthy with Heath Lowry, Bernard Lewis's successor in Princeton, leads the list of Armenian genocide deniers.

Peter Balakian
Peter Balakian (born June 13, 1951) is an American poet, prose writer, and scholar. He is the author of many books including the 2016 Pulitzer prize winning book of poems Ozone Journal, the memoir Black Dog of Fate, winner of the PEN/Albrand award in 1998 and The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response, winner of the 2005 Raphael Lemkin Prize and a New York Times best seller (October 2003). Both prose books were New York Times Notable Books. Since 1980 he has taught at Colgate University where he is the Donald M and Constance H Rebar Professor of the Humanities in the department of English and Director of Creative Writing.
North Shore Senior High School (Texas)
North Shore Senior High School is a secondary school located in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, United States in Greater Houston. The school includes grades 9 through 12 on three campuses, and is part of the Galena Park Independent School District (GPISD).

In 2022, the school was given an Overall Accountability Rating of 'B' (88) by the Texas Education Agency, with distinctions earned for Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, Comparative Academic Growth, Postsecondary Readiness, and Comparative Closing the Gaps.

The 9th Grade Campus/old campus is in the Cloverleaf CDP.

Kirko Bangz
Kirk Jerel Randle (born August 20, 1989), better known by his stage name Kirko Bangz, is an American rapper. He is best known for his 2011 single "Drank in My Cup", which peaked at number 28 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His guest appearance on Meek Mill's 2012 single, "Young & Gettin' It", peaked at number 86. As his following releases have failed to chart, he has been regarded as a one-hit wonder.
Albrighton, east Shropshire
Albrighton is a large village and civil parish in Shropshire, England, 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Wolverhampton and 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Bridgnorth.

The village has a railway station on the Shrewsbury to Wolverhampton Line, and is near to RAF Cosford and the M54 motorway. It is the most easterly settlement in Shropshire. Immediately to the north is the hamlet and parish of Donington, which is separated from Albrighton by Humphreston Brook.

David C. H. Austin
David Charles Henshaw Austin OBE VMH (16 February 1926 – 18 December 2018) was a British rose breeder and writer who lived in Shropshire, England. His emphasis was on breeding roses with the character and fragrance of old garden roses (such as gallicas, damasks and alba roses) but with the repeat-flowering ability and wide colour range of modern roses such as hybrid teas and floribundas.
Hamburg Bridge Historic District
The Hamburg Bridge Historic District is located in Lyme, Connecticut.  It encompasses a small village which was of economic importance until about 1824, as the site of a bridge across the Eight Mile River since 1759, and as the head of navigation of the river, which feeds the Connecticut River at Hamburg Cove.  The district includes 10 houses, all of which are historically significant, as well as old stone wharves dating to the period.  The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 10, 1983.

Lyme, Connecticut
Lyme is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States, situated on the eastern side of the Connecticut River. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 2,352 at the 2020 census. Lyme is the eponym of Lyme disease.
Dark Avengers
Dark Avengers is a 2009–2013 American comic book series published by Marvel Comics. It is part of a series of titles that features various iterations of the superhero team the Avengers, with this version of the team – unbeknownst to the public in its stories – having several members who are actually supervillains and anti-heroes disguised as the established superheroes.

Sentry (Robert Reynolds)
The Sentry (Robert "Bob" Reynolds) and The Void are respectively a superhero and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Paul Jenkins and Jae Lee, with uncredited conceptual contributions by Rick Veitch, the characters first appeared in The Sentry #1 (2000).

Robert "Bob" Reynolds / Sentry and the Void appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Thunderbolts* (2025), portrayed by Lewis Pullman. He will reprise the role in Avengers: Doomsday (2026).
Long ciliary nerves
The long ciliary nerves are 2-3 nerves that arise from the nasociliary nerve (itself a branch of the ophthalmic branch (CN V1) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). They enter the eyeball to provide sensory innervation to parts of the eye, and sympathetic visceral motor innervation to the dilator pupillae muscle.

Ophthalmic nerve
The ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) is a sensory nerve of the head. It is one of three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), the fifth cranial nerve. It has three major branches which provide sensory innervation to the eye, and the skin of the upper face and anterior scalp, as well as other structures of the head.
Albertisia
Albertisia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Menispermaceae.

Its native range is Tropical and Southern Africa, Tropical and Subtropical Asia.

Species:

Albertisia apiculata (Troupin) Forman

Albertisia capituliflora (Diels) Forman

Albertisia cordifolia (Mangenot & Miege) Forman

Albertisia crassa Forman

Albertisia cuneata (Keay) Forman

Albertisia delagoensis (N.E.Br.) Forman

Albertisia exelliana (Troupin) Forman

Albertisia ferruginea (Diels) Forman

Albertisia glabra (Diels ex Troupin) Forman

Albertisia laurifolia Yamam.

Albertisia mangenotii (Guillaumet & Debray) Forman

Albertisia mecistophylla (Miers) Forman

Albertisia megacarpa Diels ex Forman

Albertisia papuana Becc.

Albertisia porcata Breteler

Albertisia puberula Forman

Albertisia scandens (Mangenot & Miege) Forman

Albertisia triplinervis Forman

Albertisia undulata (Hiern) Forman

Albertisia villosa (Exell) Forman

Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek mene 'crescent moon' and sperma 'seed') is a family of flowering plants. The alkaloid tubocurarine, a neuromuscular blocker and the active ingredient in the 'tube curare' form of the dart poison curare, is derived from the South American liana Chondrodendron tomentosum, which belongs to this family. Several other South American genera belonging to the family have been used to prepare the 'pot' and 'calabash' forms of curare. The family contains 81 genera with some 440 species, which are distributed throughout low-lying tropical areas with some species present in temperate and arid regions.
Australian snubfin dolphin
The Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) is a dolphin found off the northern coasts of Australia. It closely resembles the Irrawaddy dolphin (of the same genus, Orcaella) and was not described as a separate species until 2005.  The closest relative to the genus Orcaella is the killer whale, Orcinus orca. The Australian snubfin has three colors on its skin, while the Irrawaddy dolphin only has two. The skull and the fins also show minor differences between the two species.

Australian humpback dolphin
The Australian humpback dolphin (Sousa sahulensis) is a species of humpback dolphin and the fourth recognized humpback dolphin species chronologically. The specific name sahulensis is derived from the Sahul Shelf, located between northern Australia and southern New Guinea, where the Australian humpback dolphins occur.

The species was scientifically described on 31 July 2014 in the journal Marine Mammal Science. This vulnerable species' population was estimated to be fewer than 10,000 mature individuals in 2015, with numbers declining because of habitat destruction.
Thornton Wilder
Thornton Niven Wilder (April 17, 1897 – December 7, 1975) was an American playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes, for the novel The Bridge of San Luis Rey and for the plays Our Town and The Skin of Our Teeth, and a U.S. National Book Award for the novel The Eighth Day.

The Ides of March (novel)
The Ides of March is an epistolary novel by Thornton Wilder that was published in 1948. In the author's words, it is 'a fantasia on certain events and persons of the last days of the Roman republic. Historical reconstruction is not among the primary aims of this work'. The novel deals with the characters and events leading to, and culminating in, the assassination of Julius Caesar.
Assheton Gorton
Assheton St George Gorton (10 July 1930 – 14 September 2014) was an English production designer. He was educated at Sedbergh School. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film The French Lieutenant's Woman and was the BAFTA nominated art director for Michelangelo Antonioni's 1966 film Blowup.

Gorton had lived in Church Stoke in Powys, Wales since 1976. He died there in his sleep on 14 September 2014; he was 84. He was the son of Neville Gorton, Bishop of Coventry from 1943 to 1952, formerly headmaster of Blundell's School.

Sedbergh School
Sedbergh School is a public school (English private boarding and day school) in the town of Sedbergh in Cumbria, North West England. It comprises a junior school for pupils aged 4 to 13 and the main school for 13 to 18 year olds. It was established in 1525.
Categorical test
The categorical test is a legal standard for determining whether there has been adequate provocation to reduce a murder charge to voluntary manslaughter. Traditionally, the mens rea for murder was malice aforethought. While murder and voluntary manslaughter are both intentional homicides, adequate provocation mitigates a defendant's culpability. Adequate provocation is a legal requirement for a murder charge to be reduced to voluntary manslaughter. The test for adequate provocation varies across jurisdictions and has changed over time. The categorical approach is based on common law principles, but most courts today apply less restrictive tests, such as the extreme emotional disturbance test in Model Penal Code jurisdictions.

Malice aforethought
Malice aforethought is the "premeditation" or "predetermination" (with malice) required as an element of some crimes in some jurisdictions and a unique element for first-degree or aggravated murder in a few. Insofar as the term is still in use, it has a technical meaning that has changed substantially over time.
Ben Jonson
Benjamin Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – 18 August [O.S. 6 August] 1637) was an English poet, playwright, and dramatist. Jonson's artistry exerted a lasting influence on English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours; he is best known for the satirical plays Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone, or The Fox (c. 1606), The Alchemist (1610), and Bartholomew Fair (1614), and for his lyric and epigrammatic poetry. He is regarded as "the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James I."

Jonson was a classically educated, well-read and cultured man of the English Renaissance with an appetite for controversy (personal and political, artistic and intellectual). His cultural influence was of unparalleled breadth upon the playwrights and the poets of the Jacobean era (1603–1625) and of the Caroline era (1625–1642).

Sejanus His Fall
Sejanus His Fall, a 1603 play by Ben Jonson, is a tragedy about Lucius Aelius Sejanus, the favourite of the Roman emperor Tiberius.

Sejanus His Fall was performed at court in 1603, and at the Globe Theatre in 1604. The latter performance was a failure. According to Jonson, an unnamed co-author "had good share" in the version of the play as it was "acted on the public stage". For reasons unknown the play was accused of promoting "popery and treason". Jonson was questioned, but no action was taken.

Jonson published the play in a revised version, replacing the contributions of his co-author with his own words. The published version was accompanied by copious marginal notes citing its historical sources, in quarto in 1605 and in folio in 1616.
Puls (food)
Puls is a pottage made from farro grains boiled in water, flavoured with salt. It was a staple dish in the cuisine of Ancient Rome.

The dish was considered the aboriginal food of the Ancient Romans, and played a role in archaic religious rituals.

The basic grain pottage could be elaborated with vegetables, meat, cheese, or herbs to produce dishes similar to polenta or risotto.

Ancient Roman cuisine
The cuisine of ancient Rome changed a lot over the duration of the civilization's existence. Dietary habits were affected by the political changes from kingdom to republic to empire, and Roman trading with foreigners along with the empire's enormous expansion exposed Romans to many new foods, provincial culinary habits and cooking methods.

In the beginning, dietary differences between Roman social classes were not great, but disparities developed with the empire's growth.
KM Torhout
Koninklijke Maatschappij Torhout is a Belgian football club currently playing in the Belgian Division 2. The club is based in Torhout, West Flanders and plays their home meets in stadium "De Velodroom". KM Torhout was founded by a merger of two associations, namely the KVK Torhout and KSK Torhout.

Torhout
Torhout (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtɔrɦʌut]; French: Thourout; West Flemish: Toeroet) is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Torhout proper, the villages of Wijnendale and Sint-Henricus, and the hamlet of De Driekoningen. On 29 February 2024 Torhout had a total population of 24,891. The total area is 45.23 km2 which gives a population density of 445 inhabitants per km2.
Horace Trumbauer
Horace Trumbauer (December 28, 1868 – September 18, 1938) was a prominent American architect of the Gilded Age, known for designing residential manors for the wealthy. Later in his career he also designed hotels, office buildings, and much of the campus of Duke University.

His work made him a wealthy man, but his buildings rarely received positive critical recognition. Today, however, he is hailed as one of America's premier architects, with his buildings drawing critical acclaim even to this day.

Elkins Estate
The Elkins Estate is a 42-acre (170,000 m2) estate located in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States. The estate contains seven buildings, the most notable being Elstowe Manor and Chelten House, which are historic mansions designed by Horace Trumbauer.

Elstowe Manor was built in 1898 for William L. Elkins at the location where "Needles", the former summer home of the Elkins family, had stood. Elkins was a Philadelphia businessman who was integral in the formation of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company, the forerunner of SEPTA.
St. Olaf's Church, Tyrvää
St. Olaf's Church in Tyrvää (Finnish: Tyrvään Pyhän Olavin kirkko, Swedish: Tyrvis Sankt Olofs kyrka) is a late medieval fieldstone church in Tyrvää, Sastamala, Finland. It is located on the shore of lake Rautavesi. The church was built approximately in 1510–1516 and burnt down by a burglar on 21 September 1997.

From 1997 to 2003 the church was rebuilt by local people and the interior paintings were created by painters Kuutti Lavonen and Osmo Rauhala.

The reconstruction of the church is documented in the book St. Olaf's Church in Tyrvää by Kuutti Lavonen, Osmo Rauhala, and Pirjo Silveri.

Tyrvää
Tyrvää (Finnish: [ˈtyrʋæː]; Swedish: Tyrvis) was a municipality in the Satakunta region, Turku and Pori Province, Finland. It was established in 1439 when the Tyrvää parish was separated from the parish of Karkku. In 1915, the market town of Vammala was separated from Tyrvää, and in 1973, Tyrvää was consolidated with Vammala. In 2009, Vammala became a part of the newly established town Sastamala.

The administrative center of the Tyrvää municipality was located north of Vammala, by the lakes Rautavesi and Liekovesi.

Tyrvää is known as the home of the prominent Finnish painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela, who was raised in Tyrvää, and the site of the medieval St. Olaf's Church.  Finland's first woman writer, Theodolinda Hahnsson was born in Tyrvää. The twin tower Tyrvää Church was built in 1855.