hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Keith Jr.
Alexander "Sandy" Keith Jr. (1827 – December 16, 1875) was a Scottish-born Canadian smuggler and mass murderer. During the American Civil War, he was employed by the Confederate States of America as a spy, and after the war attempted to use a time bomb to destroy the merchant ship Mosel for insurance fraud in 1875, resulting in the deaths of 81 bystanders and his own suicide.

American Civil War spies
Tactical or battlefield intelligence became vital to both sides in the field during the American Civil War. Units of spies and scouts reported directly to the commanders of armies in the field, providing details on troop movements and strengths. The distinction between spies and scouts was one that had life-or-death consequences: if a suspect was seized while in disguise and not in his army's uniform, he was often sentenced to be hanged. A spy named Will Talbot, a member of the 35th Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, was left behind in Gettysburg after his battalion had passed through the borough on June 26–27, 1863. He was captured, taken to Emmitsburg, Maryland, and executed on orders of Brig. Gen. John Buford.
Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.

St Botolph's Church, Boston
St Botolph's Church is the Anglican parish church of Boston, Lincolnshire, England. It has been referred to as "Boston Stump" since it was constructed in the 16th century. Its tower is 266 feet 9 inches (81.31 m) tall, and was long used as a landmark for the Boston fishermen; on a clear day it can be seen from Norfolk. The church is a Grade I listed building.
Long Semado
Long Semado (also known as Semado, Long Semadoh or Long Semabo) is a settlement in the Lawas division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 654.6 kilometres (407 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Long Semado Nasab 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast

Long Tanid 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) south

Long Kinoman 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast

Punang Terusan 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) northeast

Long Lapukan 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) west

Long Beluyu 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) south

Long Karabangan 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) southwest

Long Lopeng 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) west

Long Merarap 17.1 kilometres (10.6 mi) northwest

Long Ugong 18.9 kilometres (11.7 mi) south

Long Kinoman
Long Kinoman is a settlement in the Lawas division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 658.7 kilometres (409 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Punang Terusan 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) north

Long Semado 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest

Long Semado Nasab 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest

Long Tanid 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) southwest

Long Lapukan 9.2 kilometres (5.7 mi) west

Long Beluyu 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) southwest

Long Karabangan 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) southwest

Long Lopeng 14.9 kilometres (9.3 mi) west

Long Merarap 19.1 kilometres (11.9 mi) northwest

Long Buang 19.7 kilometres (12.2 mi) northwest
Honggor Sum, Siziwang Banner
Honggor Sum (Mongolian: Хонгор, Mongolian: soft, or sweetheart; simplified Chinese: 红格尔苏木; traditional Chinese: 紅格爾蘇木; pinyin: Hónggé'ěr Sūmù) is a sum in the Siziwang Banner of Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, China. In 2000, it had 2594 inhabitants. It is about 134 kilometres (83 mi) north-northwest of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia.

Dorbod Banner
Dorbod Banner or Siziwang Banner (Mongolian: ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 四子王旗) is a banner (county equivalent) in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Mongolia's Dornogovi Province to the northwest. It is located about 80 km (50 mi) north of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia.

The banner spans 25,513 square kilometres (9,851 sq mi), and has a population of 129,372 as of 2020. Its seat of government is located in Wulanhua.
Primasheet
Primasheet is a rubberized sheet explosive identical to Detasheet. Manufactured by  Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense Company Primasheet comes in two varieties: Primasheet 1000 is PETN based and Primasheet 2000 is RDX based. Both are waterproof and are supplied in continuous rolls.

Sheet explosive
Sheet explosives are materials formed by combining an explosive with a "rubberizer" — a flexible binding agent. The resulting compound is cast into a flat sheet which is typically pliable and deformable over a wide range of temperature. Typical products are generally shock-insensitive secondary explosives, requiring a blasting cap or other detonator.

Detonation velocities are frequently very high, which can improve the detonation synchronicity across the area of a tertiary charge with a low detonation velocity. This property makes them suitable for use in detonation trains which require precise timing and homogeneous delivery of force across a complex surface (but see also shaped charge for an orthogonal technique).
Woodberry station
Woodberry station is a Baltimore Light Rail station in the Woodberry neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The station has two side platforms serving two tracks.

The station is near the former site of the Woodberry station of the Northern Central Railway, an affiliate of the Pennsylvania Railroad.

Woodberry, Baltimore
Woodberry is a neighborhood located in the north-central area of Baltimore, Maryland, USA. A largely residential, middle-class area, Woodberry is a historic community bordered on the north by Cold Spring Lane, on the south by Druid Hill Park, on the west by Greenspring Avenue, and on the east by the Jones Falls Expressway and the Jones Falls. Woodberry is located within Postal Zip code 21211.

Community organizations include the Concerned Citizens of Woodberry.

Greenspring Trails is a locally popular trail.
Jeremy Travis
Jeremy Travis (born July 31, 1948) is an American academic administrator who served as the fourth president of John Jay College of Criminal Justice, a senior college of the City University of New York, starting on August 16, 2004. On October 25, 2016, Travis announced that he would step down from his position as president the next year. In August 2017, he joined the Arnold Ventures LLC as Senior Vice President of Criminal Justice.

Wagner Graduate School of Public Service
The Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service is the public policy school of New York University in New York City, New York. The school was named after New York City former mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. in 1989.
BTR-4
The BTR-4 "Bucephalus" (Ukrainian: БТР-4 «Буцефал», romanized: Butsefal, abbreviation of Бронетранспортер, Bronetransporter, 'armoured  transporter') is an amphibious 8×8 wheeled infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) designed in Ukraine by the Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau (SOE KMDB).

They have seen action in the War against the Islamic State during the capture of Jurf al-Nasr and Ar-Rutbah from ISIL and in the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Slat armor
Slat armor (or slat armour in British English), also known as bar armor, cage armor, and standoff armor, is a type of vehicle armor designed to protect against high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) attacks, as used by anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs).
Shottesbrooke
Shottesbrooke /ʃɒts.brʊk/ is a hamlet and civil parish administered by the unitary authority of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in the English county of Berkshire.  The hamlet is mostly rural: 88% covered by agriculture or woodland and had a population of 141 at the 2011 census.

Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead
The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead is a unitary authority area with royal borough status in Berkshire, England. The borough is named after its two largest towns of Maidenhead (where the council is based) and Windsor. The borough also includes the towns of Ascot and Eton, plus numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. It is home to Windsor Castle, Eton College, Legoland Windsor and Ascot Racecourse. It is one of only four boroughs in England entitled to be prefixed royal, and the only one of them which is not a London borough.
Indian locomotive class YG
The Indian locomotive class YG were a class of 2-8-2 metre-gauge goods locomotives introduced by Indian Railways around 1949. It was one of several standardised locomotive designs developed as further additions to the Indian Railway Standard (IRS) design locomotives built for the metre-gauge railways of India.

2-8-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and two trailing wheels on one axle, usually in a trailing truck. This configuration of steam locomotive is most often referred to as a Mikado, frequently shortened to Mike.

It was also at times referred to on some railroads in the United States as the McAdoo Mikado and, during World War II, the MacArthur.

The notation 2-8-2T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, the "T" suffix indicating a locomotive on which the water is carried in tanks mounted on the engine rather than in an attached tender.
Juan Bautista Pastene
Giovanni Battista Pastene (1507–1580) was a Genoese maritime explorer who, while in the service of the Spanish crown, explored the coasts of Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Chile as far south as the archipelago of Chiloé.

Pedro de Valdivia
Pedro Gutiérrez de Valdivia or Valdiva (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾo ðe βalˈdiβja]; April 17, 1497 – December 25, 1553) was a Spanish conquistador and the first Governor of Colonial Chile. After having served with the Spanish army in Italy and Flanders, he was sent to South America in 1535, where he served as a soldier under the Pizarro brothers in Peru, gradually rising in power.

In 1540, Valdivia led an expedition of 150 Spaniards and 1,000 Peruvian Indians into Chile, where he defeated a large force of indigenous warriors and founded Santiago in 1541. He extended Spanish rule south to the Biobío River in 1546, fought again in Peru (1546–1548), and returned to Chile as Royal Governor in 1549. In 1550, he expanded Spanish rule further south into Araucanía, where he founded the city of Concepción and the eponymous city of Valdivia. He was captured and killed by Mapuche Indians during the Arauco War in 1553.
Paranormal Lockdown
Paranormal Lockdown is a paranormal reality television series that was executively produced by Nick Groff, formerly known from Ghost Adventures. The series follows Nick Groff and fellow paranormal researcher Katrina Weidman (formerly of Paranormal State) as they confine themselves for 72 straight hours in what they claim to be some of the most haunted locations.

The first season aired on Destination America from March 4, 2016 to April 8, 2016. The second season aired from December 16, 2016 to March 3, 2017 on TLC. On November 20, 2018, it was announced that season three would premiere on December 4, 2018, returning to Destination America. On February 14, 2019, Groff announced via a video Instagram post that Paranormal Lockdown would not be returning.

Destination America
Destination America is an American cable television channel owned by the Warner Bros. Discovery Networks unit of Warner Bros. Discovery. The network carries programming focused on the culture of the United States—including food, lifestyles, and travel.

As of November 2023, Destination America is available to approximately 23,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2013 peak of 60,000,000 households. Along with American Heroes Channel, Boomerang, Cooking Channel, Discovery Family, Discovery Life, and Science Channel, Destination America is among the less prevalent networks of Warner Bros. Discovery.

In recent years, Destination America has lost carriage with the growth of streaming alternatives including its parent company's HBO Max, and has generally been depreciated by Warner Bros. Discovery in current retransmission consent negotiations with cable and streaming providers.
National Mining Museum, Zimbabwe
The National Mining Museum is dedicated to showcasing Zimbabwe's mining heritage. It was developed by the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe.   The museum is located in Kwekwe, a town in central Zimbabwe.

Kwekwe
Kwekwe (/ˈkwɛkwɛ/ KWEH-kweh), formerly known as Que Que, is a city in the Midlands province in central Zimbabwe. The city has a population of 119,863 within the city limits, as of the 2022 census, making it the 7th-largest city in Zimbabwe and the second-most populous city in the Midlands, behind Gweru.
Lyle Ashton Harris
Lyle Ashton Harris (born February 6, 1965) is an American artist who has cultivated a diverse artistic practice ranging from photographic media, collage, installation art and performance art. Harris uses his works to comment on societal constructs of sexuality and race, while exploring his own identity as a queer, black man.

Thomas Allen Harris
Thomas Allen Harris is an American interdisciplinary artist who explores family, identity, and spirituality in a participatory practice. Since 1990, Harris has remixed archives from multiple origins throughout his work, challenging hierarchy within historical narratives through the use of documentary and research methodologies that center vernacular image and collaboration. He is currently a professor of film and media studies and African-American studies at Yale University.

His most recent project is the television show Family Pictures USA, which examines neighborhoods and cities of the United States through the lens of family photographs, collaborative performances, and personal testimony sourced from their communities.
Caritas Oceania
Caritas Oceania is an Oceanian confederation of Catholic social, humanitarian, and relief organisations. It is one of the seven regional confederations of Caritas Internationalis members. Caritas Oceania consists of seven member organisations from across the Pacific Islands, Australia and New Zealand.

Caritas Internationalis
Caritas Internationalis (Latin pronunciation: [kaː.ri.t̪as in̪.t̪er.nat̪.t̪͡s̪iˈɔː.na.lis]; lit. 'Charity International') is a confederation of 162 national Catholic relief, development, and social service organisations operating in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. The name Caritas Internationalis refers to both the global network of Caritas organisations and to its general secretariat based in Vatican City.

Collectively and individually, their missions are "to serve the poor and to promote charity and justice throughout the world". Caritas Internationalis is the second-largest international humanitarian aid network in the world after the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
Kanichee layered intrusive complex
The Kanichee layered intrusive complex, also called the Kanichee intrusion and Ajax intrusion, is a layered intrusion in Northeastern Ontario, Canada, located in the central portion of Strathy Township about 6.5 km (4.0 mi) northwest of the town of Temagami. It consists of mafic-ultramafic rocks and is the largest of many mafic-ultramafic intrusions associated with felsic and mafic metavolcanic rocks in the northern Archean Temagami Greenstone Belt.

Five magmatic cycles have been identified in the Kanichee layered intrusive complex, the first of which formed a PGE deposit with associated gold, copper and nickel mineralization. Ore mineralogy includes pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The deposit has been quarried by Kanichee Mine.

Strathy Township
Strathy Township is a square-shaped geographic township comprising a portion of the municipality of Temagami in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is used for geographic purposes, such as land surveying and natural resource explorations. At least four other geographic townships surround Strathy Township, namely Best Township, Cassels Township, Strathcona Township and Chambers Township.
Amt Oderberg
Amt Oderberg was an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Barnim, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat was in the town Oderberg. It was merged with the Amt Britz-Chorin to form the Amt Britz-Chorin-Oderberg in January 2009.

The Amt Oderberg consisted of the following municipalities:

Hohensaaten

Liepe

Lunow-Stolzenhagen

Oderberg

Parsteinsee

52°54′00″N 14°04′59″E﻿ / ﻿52.900°N 14.083°E﻿ / 52.900; 14.083

Amt Britz-Chorin-Oderberg
Amt Britz-Chorin-Oderberg is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Barnim, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in the town Britz. It was formed on 1 January 2009 by the merger of the former Ämter Britz-Chorin and Oderberg.

The Amt Britz-Chorin-Oderberg consists of the following municipalities:

Britz

Chorin

Hohenfinow

Liepe

Lunow-Stolzenhagen

Niederfinow

Oderberg

Parsteinsee
Southwestern Athletic Conference
The Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, which is made up of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the Southern United States. It participates in the NCAA's Division I for most sports; in football, it participates in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), formerly referred to as Division I-AA.

The SWAC is considered the premier HBCU conference and ranks among the elite in the nation in terms of alumni affiliated with professional sports teams, particularly in football.  On the gridiron, the conference has been the biggest draw on the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level of the NCAA, leading the nation in average home attendance every year except one since FCS has been in existence.  In 1994, the SWAC fell just 40,000 fans short of becoming the first non-Football Bowl Subdivision conference to attract one million fans to its home games.

Bishop College
Bishop College was a historically black college, founded in Marshall, Texas, United States, in 1881 by the Baptist Home Mission Society. It was intended to serve students in east Texas, where the majority of the black population lived at the time. In 1961 the administration moved the college into Dallas, Texas.  It closed in 1988.

In 2006 the president of Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky reached out to Bishop College alumni, proposing to have them "adopt" his college as an alma mater. He offered scholarships to their descendants, with a chance to have their diploma read "Bishop College". This was part of an effort to increase minority enrollment at Georgetown.
USCGC Northland (WPG-49)
USCGC Northland (WPG-49) was a United States Coast Guard cruising class of gunboat especially designed for Arctic operations in commission from 1927 to 1938 and from 1939 to 1946. She served during World War II. She was the last cruising cutter built for the Coast Guard equipped with a sailing rig.

After her U.S. Coast Guard career ended, the ship entered Israel service, including duty as the flagship of the Israeli Navy with the name INS Eilat.

Greenland Patrol
The Greenland Patrol was a United States Coast Guard operation during World War II. The patrol was formed to support the U.S. Army building aerodrome facilities in Greenland for ferrying aircraft to the British Isles, and to defend Greenland with special attention to preventing German operations in the northeast. Coast Guard cutters were assisted by aircraft and dog sled teams patrolling the Greenland coast for Axis military activities. The patrol escorted Allied shipping to and from Greenland, built navigation and communication facilities, and provided rescue and weather ship services in the area from 1941 through 1945.
Merrylands railway station
Merrylands railway station is a suburban railway station located on the Main Southern line, serving the Sydney suburb of Merrylands. It is served by the Sydney Trains T2 Leppington & Inner West and T5 Cumberland Line services.

Pemulwuy, New South Wales
Pemulwuy is a suburb in Greater Western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pemulwuy is located 30 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Cumberland Council. Pemulwuy is home to the highest point between the Blue Mountains and Sydney, the summit of Prospect Hill.

The quarrying of blue metal, basalt and dolerite was abundant in the area in the past two centuries.  
Pemulwuy, formerly part of Prospect, is a relatively new suburb, with development beginning in 2004 on the site of a former Boral quarry and CSIRO sites.
Disposition index
The Disposition index (DI) is a measure for the loop gain of the insulin-glucose feedback control system. It is defined as the product of insulin sensitivity times the amount of insulin secreted in response to blood glucose levels. "Metabolically healthy" Insulin resistant individuals can maintain normal responses to blood glucose due to the fact that higher levels of insulin are secreted as long as the beta cells of the pancreas are able to increase their output of insulin to compensate for the insulin resistance. But the ratio of the incremental increase in plasma insulin associated with an incremental increase in plasma glucose (disposition index) provides a better measure of beta cell function than the plasma insulin response to a glucose challenge. Loss of function of the beta cells, reducing their capacity to compensate for insulin resistance, results in a lower disposition index.

SPINA-GR
SPINA-GR is a calculated biomarker for insulin sensitivity. It represents insulin receptor gain.

The method of calculation is based on a time-discrete nonlinear feedback model of insulin-glucose homeostasis that is rooted in the MiMe-NoCoDI modeling platform for endocrine systems.
Rood
A rood or rood cross, sometimes known as a triumphal cross, is a cross or crucifix, especially the large crucifix set above the entrance to the chancel of a medieval church. Alternatively, it is a large sculpture or painting of the crucifixion of Jesus.

Öja Church
Öja Church (Swedish: Öja kyrka) is a medieval church in Öja on the Swedish island of Gotland. The church dates from the 13th century and contains an unusual large and elaborately decorated triumphal cross or rood. It belongs to the Church of Sweden and lies within the Diocese of Visby.
Valentia Island
Valentia Island (Irish: Dairbhre, meaning 'oak isle') is one of Ireland's most westerly points. It lies in Dingle Bay off the Iveragh Peninsula in the southwest of County Kerry. It is linked to the mainland by the Maurice O'Neill Memorial Bridge at Portmagee.  A car ferry also departs from Reenard Point to Knightstown, the island's main settlement, from April to October. Another, smaller village named Chapeltown sits at roughly the midpoint of the island, three kilometres (two miles) from the bridge. Valentia Island's permanent population is 658 (as of the 2022 CSO Census). It is about 11 kilometres (7 miles) long by almost three kilometres (two miles) wide, making it the fifth-biggest island off the Irish coast.

Knightstown, County Kerry
Knightstown (Irish: Baile an Ridire, also An Chois), alternatively called Knight's Town, is a village and the largest settlement on Valentia Island, County Kerry, in Ireland. It lies within the townland of Farranreagh, at the eastern tip of the island. As of the CSO census of 2022, Knightstown had a population of 244.