hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Snow Beck
Thomas Snow Beck FRS FRCS (1814 – 6 January 1877) was a British doctor and surgeon. He qualified as a doctor in London. In 1845, he was awarded the Royal Society's Royal Medal for his unpublished paper entitled On the nerves of the uterus. The paper was later published, but the award was disputed by the London-resident Scottish surgeon Robert Lee, who had published an earlier paper on the subject and reached different conclusions. This controversy led to reform of the award process for the Royal Medal, and is thought to have contributed to the resignation of both the President and Secretary of the Royal Society. Beck also carried out other work on nerves, including work in 1846 on differentiation between white and gray rami. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1851.

Robert Lee (obstetrician)
Robert Lee FRS (1793 – 6 February 1877) was Regius Professor of Midwifery at the University of Glasgow in 1834.  He held the Chair for the shortest period of any holder to date, resigning from his position immediately after giving his opening address.
School District of Palm Beach County
The School District of Palm Beach County (SDPBC) is the tenth-largest public school district in the United States, and the fifth largest school district in Florida. The district encompasses all of Palm Beach County. For the beginning of the 2018–2019 academic year, enrollment totaled 192,533 students in Pre-K through 12th grades. The district operates a total of 180 schools: 109 elementary, 34 middle, 23 high, 14 alternative, adult and community, intermediate, and Exceptional Student Education (ESE). It has 27,168 employees and 45,000 volunteers.

Established in 1909, the district was known as the Palm Beach County Board of Public Instruction until the mid-1980s. It is accredited by Cognia (formerly known as Advance-ED). The district's headquarters are in the Fulton-Holland Educational Services Center in Palm Springs.

George Washington Carver High School (Delray Beach, Florida)
George Washington Carver High School was a public secondary school in Delray Beach, Florida. It served as the high school for black students in Delray Beach until the public schools were integrated in 1970.
Global Security Initiative
The Global Security Initiative (GSI, Chinese: 全球安全倡议) is an initiative proposed by Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping during the annual Boao Forum on 21 April 2022. Officially, the initiative is meant to "uphold the principle of indivisible security, build a balanced, effective and sustainable security architecture, and oppose the building of national security on the basis of insecurity in other countries."

The GSI has received promotion alongside two related initiatives, namely the Global Development Initiative (GDI) and the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI), which were introduced in 2021 and 2023, respectively.

Boao Forum for Asia
The Boao Forum for Asia (BFA; Chinese: 博鳌亚洲论坛; pinyin: Bó'áo Yàzhōu Lùntán), initiated by 25 Asian countries and Australia (increased to 28 in 2006), is a nonprofit that hosts high-level forums for leaders from government, business and academia in Asia and other continents to share their vision on the most pressing issues in this region and the world at large. Though its fixed address is in Bo'ao, Hainan province, China, its Secretariat is based in Beijing. The forum, sometimes known as the "Asian Davos", takes its name from the town of Boao, located in China's southern Hainan province, which has been the permanent venue for its annual conference since 2002.
Rainbow War
Rainbow War is a 1985 Oscar-nominated 19-minute animated/live action short film created for Expo 86, the 1986 World's Fair in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was directed by Bob Rogers and cinematography was done by Reed Smoot.

Notable cast members include Ryan Stiles and Colin Mochrie of Whose Line is it Anyway fame.

Expo 86
The 1986 World Exposition on Transportation and Communication, or simply Expo 86, was a world's fair held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from May 2 until October 13, 1986. The fair, the theme of which was "Transportation and Communication: World in Motion – World in Touch", coincided with Vancouver's centennial and was held on the north shore of False Creek.

It was the second time that Canada held a world's fair, the first being Expo 67 in Montreal (during the Canadian Centennial). It was also the third world's fair to be held in the Pacific Northwest in the previous 24 years as of 1986 and to date, it still stands as the last world's fair to be held in North America.

It was a great success, drawing over 22 million visitors, double that of Knoxville in 1982 and three times that of Louisiana in 1984.
Vaar
The Vār or Vaar (Gurmukhi: ਵਾਰ, Shahmukhi: وار‎‎), in Punjabi poetry, is a heroic ode or ballad which generally narrates legend such as stories of Punjabi folk heroes or a historical event. Examples include the feats of Dulla Bhatti and Raja Rasalu, Amir Khusrau's Vaar for Ghazi Malik who took the throne of Delhi in 1320, the Vaar of Shaikh Khokhar, Najabat's Nadar Shah di Var which describes the invasion of India by Nadir Shah in 1739, and the Chatthian di Vaar which commemorates Pir Muhammad Chattha's famous rivalry with the Sikhs. The Var has also been used to evoke the mood of devotion or sacrifice, as in Guru Gobind Singh's Chandi di Var, or to narrate the mystical experience of a Pir, Bhagat or Guru.

Punjabi literature
Punjabi literature, specifically literary works written in the Punjabi language, is characteristic of the historical Punjab of present-day Pakistan and India and the Punjabi diaspora. The Punjabi language is written in several scripts, of which the Shahmukhi and Gurmukhī scripts are the most commonly used in Western Punjab and Eastern Punjab, respectively.
Trenton Channel Power Plant
The Trenton Channel Power Plant, also known as the Trenton Stacks, was a coal-burning power station located in Trenton, Michigan. Completed in 1924, it is owned by Detroit Edison, a subsidiary of DTE Energy.

DTE Electric Company
DTE Electric Company (formerly The Detroit Edison Company) is an investor-owned electric utility founded in 1886 in Detroit, Michigan. As the largest electric utility in Michigan, it serves approximately 2.3 million customers in the southeastern portion of the state.

As of 2022, 68.58% of DTE's electricity generation came from coal, gas, and oil sources, exceeding the regional average of 65.82%. The utility's emissions of major pollutants, including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, also surpass regional averages, though its high-level nuclear waste output is comparatively lower.

DTE Electric provides service to most of Southeast Michigan, parts of the Michigan thumb region and portions of Western Michigan

The company maintains one of the largest electric distribution networks in the Midwest, with over 44,000 miles (71,000 km) of power lines.
Hida (train)
The Hida (ひだ, Hida) is a limited express train service operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) along the Takayama Main Line in central Japan since 1958, which connects Nagoya and Takayama in just over 2 hours, Nagoya and Toyama in 4 hours, and Ōsaka and Takayama in 4 hours 15 minutes. The Hida serves various locations en route such as Gifu and Gero. Like all JR limited express trains, a limited express fare ticket, along with a standard basic fare ticket, must be purchased in order to ride this service.

Takayama Main Line
The Takayama Main Line (高山本線, Takayama Honsen) is a Japanese railway line between Gifu Station in Gifu and Toyama Station in Toyama, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The line directly links the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area (metropolitan Nagoya) and Hokuriku region in a shorter distance, but with a longer travel time, than by using the combination of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and Hokuriku Main Line. Now the line primarily functions as a way to access the scenic areas of Hida (ancient Hida Province), in the rugged mountains of northern Gifu Prefecture, such as Gero onsen (hot spring), Takayama, Shirakawa-gō, and the Kiso River. The first section of the line, between Gifu and Kagamigahara, opened in 1920 (1920). The whole line was completed in 1934.
False River (Louisiana)
False River (French: Lac False River) is an oxbow lake located in southeastern Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana centered at 30°38′19″N 91°29′04″W﻿ / ﻿30.63861°N 91.48444°W﻿ / 30.63861; -91.48444﻿ (False River). This lake was once the main channel of the Mississippi River in this area, but was cut off in about 1722 when seasonal flooding cut a shorter channel to the east.

Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana
Pointe Coupee Parish (/ˈpɔɪnt kəˈpiː/ or /ˈpwɑːnt kuːˈpeɪ/; French: Paroisse de la Pointe-Coupée) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,758. The parish seat is New Roads.

Pointe Coupee Parish is part of the Baton Rouge metropolitan area. In 2010, the center of population of Louisiana was located in Pointe Coupee Parish, in the city of New Roads.
David Ball (album)
David Ball is the debut album from American country music artist David Ball. He recorded the album in 1989 for RCA Nashville. Three singles from it charted between 1988 and 1989: "Steppin' Out", "You Go, You're Gone" and "Gift of Love", which respectively reached numbers 46, 55, and 64 on the Billboard country charts. Despite these three singles, however, the album was not released by RCA until late 1994, by which point Ball had been signed to Warner Bros. Records for the release of his breakthrough album Thinkin' Problem. The album was originally titled "Steppin' Out" on its original release schedule in 1989.

The track "I Was Born with a Broken Heart" was previously a number 75 single in 1989 for Josh Logan from his album Somebody Paints the Wall, and would  later be a number 38 single for Aaron Tippin from his 1992 album Read Between the Lines. In addition, Ball re-recorded "Texas Echo" for his 2001 album Amigo.

Amigo (David Ball album)
Amigo is the fifth studio album by American country music singer David Ball. It was released in 2001 on the Dualtone Records label. The album produced a hit single in "Riding with Private Malone", which reached number 2 on the Billboard country charts and #36 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming his first Top 40 hit since "Look What Followed Me Home" in 1995. Despite the success of the lead-off single, however, neither of the two follow-ups — "She Always Talked About Mexico" and "Whenever You Come Back to Me" — charted. The track "Texas Echo" is a re-recording of a song which Ball originally recorded on his 1989 self-titled debut.
Bromheadia brevifolia
Bromheadia brevifolia is a small epiphytic orchid species in the genus Bromheadia. It is native to the Malay Peninsula, where it is found in the Malaysian states of Pahang and Perak, and on the island of Borneo in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, as well as in Brunei. The length of its stems are covered by the leaf sheaths. The epithet brevifolia refers to the short leaves, which are about 0.5 to 2.7 cm (0.2 to 1.1 in) long and stiff. The flower is white or pale yellow with brighter yellow and violet bars on the labellum.

Bromheadia brevifolia grows as an epiphyte on trees, dead logs, and woody vines in Kerangas forests at altitudes from 600–1,660 m (1,970–5,450 ft).

Bromheadia
Bromheadia, commonly known as reed orchids, is a genus of about 29 species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They are evergreen terrestrial and epiphytic plants with unbranched stems, the leaves arranged in two rows along the flowering stem. The flowers appear in succession near the end of the flowering stem with the sepals and petals free from each other. The labellum is like a landing platform and has three lobes. They are native to areas from tropical Asia to northern Australia.
Diocese of Pontoise
The Diocese of Pontoise (Latin: Dioecesis Pontisarensis; French: Diocèse de Pontoise) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. The commune of Pontoise is about 35 km (22 mi) northewest of Paris, north of the Seine. Established in 1966, the Diocese of Pontoise was composed of territory split off from the Diocese of Versailles, and including a large part of the Vexin. The diocese is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Paris.

Archdiocese of Paris
The Archdiocese of Paris (Latin: Archidioecesis Parisiensis; French: Archidiocèse de Paris) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. It is one of twenty-three archdioceses in France. The original diocese is traditionally thought to have been created in the 3rd century by St. Denis and corresponded with the Civitas Parisiorum; it was elevated to an archdiocese on October 20, 1622. Before that date the bishops were suffragan to the archbishops of Sens.
Aífe
Aífe (Old Irish), spelled Aoife (IPA: [ˈiːfʲə]) in Modern Irish and Scots Gaelic, is a character from the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. She appears in the sagas Tochmarc Emire ("the wooing of Emer") and Aided Óenfhir Aífe ("the death of Aífe's only son"). In Tochmarc Emire she lives east of a land called Alpi, usually understood to mean Alba (Scotland), where she is at war with a rival woman warrior, Scáthach. In Aided Óenfhir Aífe she lives in Letha (the Armorican peninsula), and is Scáthach's sister as well as rival – they are both daughters of Árd-Greimne of Lethra.

Ulster Cycle
The Ulster Cycle (Irish: an Rúraíocht), formerly known as the Red Branch Cycle, is a body of medieval Irish heroic legends and sagas of the Ulaid. It is set far in the past, in what is now eastern Ulster and northern Leinster, particularly counties Armagh, Down and Louth. It focuses on the mythical Ulster king Conchobar mac Nessa and his court at Emain Macha, the hero Cú Chulainn, and their conflict with the Connachta and queen Medb. The longest and most important tale is the epic Táin Bó Cúailnge (Cattle Raid of Cooley). The Ulster Cycle is one of the four 'cycles' of Irish mythology and legend, along with the Mythological Cycle, the Fianna Cycle and the Kings' Cycle.
Yogi's Ark Lark
Yogi's Ark Lark is a 1972 American animated television special produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, intended to raise ecological awareness. Written by Bob Ogle and Dick Robbins and directed by Joseph Barbera and William Hanna, it was broadcast on ABC on September 16, 1972 as part of The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie, and served as the two-part pilot for Yogi's Gang.

Aside from its environmental message, the film marked a milestone in Hanna-Barbera's history: a wide range of the studio’s characters were united in one story for the first time. This set the tone for future series and specials, such as Laff-A-Lympics and Yogi's First Christmas.

Touché Turtle and Dum Dum
Touché Turtle and Dum Dum is an American animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions that originally aired as one of the three segments on the anthology show The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series from September 3, 1962, to August 26, 1963.

Following its first airing, Touché Turtle and Dum Dum was later repeated several times on the BBC in the United Kingdom as a standalone show during the 1970s and 1980s, and then part of the Children's BBC service in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Chinnor Hill
Chinnor Hill is a 26.8-hectare (66-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Chinnor in Oxfordshire. It is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

This hill has species-rich calcareous grassland, juniper scrub, which is an uncommon habitat, mixed scrub and woodland. More than 300 species of vascular plant have been recorded and 65 of birds. Many passerines breed in the scrub, and thrushes such as redwings and fieldfares feed on berries in the winter.

Chinnor
Chinnor is a large village and civil parish in South Oxfordshire, England, about 4 miles (6 km) southeast of Thame and close to the border with Buckinghamshire. The village is a spring line settlement on the Icknield Way below the Chiltern escarpment. Since 1932 the civil parish has included the village of Emmington. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 5,924.
New Model Inn
The New Model Inn was a style of English public house championed and designed by Harry Redfern under the State Management Scheme which had the aim of reducing drunkenness among munitions workers.

All but one of the scheme's 14 public houses were built in the Carlisle district. Arts and Crafts styles were used throughout. The final example, completed in 1940 at Etterby, Carlisle, was named the Redfern Inn.

State Management Scheme
The State Management Scheme was the nationalisation of the brewing, distribution and sale of liquor in three districts of the United Kingdom from 1916 until 1973.

The main focus of the scheme, now commonly known as the Carlisle Experiment, was Carlisle and the surrounding district close to the armament factories at Gretna, founded in 1916 to supply explosives and shells to the British Army in the First World War. However, there were three schemes in total: Carlisle and Gretna, Cromarty Firth, and Enfield. In 1921 Carlisle and Gretna was split into two separate areas. Carlisle was the larger part and supplied some beer to Gretna. In 1922 the Enfield scheme ended and its public houses were sold back to private enterprise.

The scheme was privatised by Edward Heath's Conservative Government in 1971 and its assets were sold at auction in six lots, mostly to established brewing interests.
Wipkingen
Wipkingen is a quarter in the district 10 in Zürich.

It was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Zürich in 1893.

As of 2025, the quarter has a population of 16,734 distributed on an area of 2.10 km2 (0.81 sq mi).

Zentrum für Migrationskirchen (literally: Centre for migration churches) comprises eight Protestant churches from four continents, situated in the former church hall of the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Zürich in Zürich-Wipkingen, being a unique centre in Switzerland for the so-called migration churches.

District 10 (Zurich)
District 10 is a district in the Swiss city of Zurich.

The district comprises the quarters Wipkingen and Höngg. Both entities were formerly municipalities of their own but were incorporated into Zurich in 1893 and 1934, respectively.
Economy of Syria
The economy of Syria is a developing economy. Primarily based on agriculture in the country's early years, deteriorated  after the start of the Syrian civil war in March 2011.

In 2026, Syria's economy began a notable recovery, with gross domestic product projected to grow by nearly 10 percent, approximately double the rate of the previous year. The improvement has been attributed to the easing of sanctions, improved security conditions, and the return of skilled professionals to the country. Investment in infrastructure and the energy sector by regional partners has also contributed to the projected expansion.

Syrian pound
The Syrian pound, known locally as the Syrian lira, (Arabic: الليرة السورية, romanized: al-Līra as-Sūriyya; abbreviation: LS or SP in Latin, ل.س in Arabic, historically also £S, and £Syr; ISO code: SYP) is the official currency of Syria. It is issued by the Central Bank of Syria. The pound is nominally divided into 100 piastres (قرش qirsh, plural قروش qurūsh in Arabic, abbreviated to p.), although only banknotes are currently issued.

Before 1947, the Arabic inscription of the word "qirsh" was spelled with the initial Arabic letter غ, after which the word began with ق. Until 1958, banknotes were issued with Arabic on the obverse and French on the reverse. Since 1958, English has been used on the reverses, hence the three different names for this currency. Coins used both Arabic and French until independence, then only Arabic.
Booker T. Washington High School (Houston)
Booker T. Washington High School (nicknamed "Booker T.") is a secondary school located in the Independence Heights community in Houston, Texas. Washington serves grades 9 through 12, and is a part of the Houston Independent School District. The school has a neighborhood program that serves neighborhoods outside the 610 Loop and inside Beltway 8 in the northwest part of Houston, including the neighborhoods of Independence Heights, Highland Heights, and most of Acres Homes. The school was named after education pioneer Booker T. Washington.

The High School For Engineering Professions is located on the campus.

Independence Heights, Houston
Independence Heights also known as “Studewood”, is a community in Houston, Texas, bordered by 40th Street  to the north, Yale Street to the west, the 610 Loop to the south, and Airline Drive to the east. The Super Neighborhood boundary created by the City of Houston is bordered by Tidwell to the north, Shepherd Drive to the west, the 610 Loop to the south, and Interstate 45 to the east.
Angell Hall Observatory
Angell Hall Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Michigan. It is located on the UM Central Campus on top of Angell Hall in Ann Arbor, Michigan (US).  It has a computer-controlled 0.4-m Cassegrain telescope in its single dome, and a small radio telescope on the roof. In the past it has housed a large, clock-driven refracting telescope and a reflecting telescope in side-by-side domes.  The current telescope was manufactured by DFM Engineering and installed in December 1994.

Other observatories that UM has operated include the Detroit Observatory (1854), the Lamont–Hussey Observatory (South Africa, 1928), the McMath–Hulbert Observatory (Lake Angelus, Michigan, 1930), the Portage Lake Observatory (near Dexter, Michigan, 1948), and the Peach Mountain Observatory (near Dexter, Michigan, 1958).

Angell Hall
Angell Hall is an academic building at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, United States. It was previously connected to the University Hall building, which was replaced by Mason Hall and Haven Hall.  Angell Hall is named in honor of James Burrill Angell, who was the University's president from 1871 to 1909. Mason Hall is named after Stevens T. Mason, the first governor of Michigan, while Haven Hall was named for the university's second president, Erastus O. Haven. Tisch Hall, named for donors Preston and Joan Tisch, is also connected to Angell Hall.

The Angell Hall Observatory is located on the fifth floor roof of Angell Hall. The main telescope is a 0.4-m (16-inch) Ritchey-Chretien reflector, which has a spectrograph and camera. The observatory also has a small radio telescope and 20-cm (8-inch) Schmidt-Cassegrains.
Onezhsky Uyezd
Onezhsky Uyezd (Онежский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Arkhangelsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Onega.

Arkhangelsk Governorate
64°32′N 40°32′E﻿ / ﻿64.533°N 40.533°E﻿ / 64.533; 40.533

Arkhangelsk Governorate (Russian: Архангельская губерния, romanized: Arkhangel'skaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 until 1929. Its seat was in Arkhangelsk. The governorate was located in the north of the Russian Empire and bordered Tobolsk Governorate in the east, Vologda Governorate in the south, Olonets Governorate in the southwest, Sweden (later Grand Duchy of Finland and later independent Finland) in the west, and Norway in north-west. In the north, the governorate was limited by the White and Barents Seas.

The area of the governorate is currently split between Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Oblasts, the Komi Republic, the Republic of Karelia, and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.