hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finance Secretary (Pakistan)
The Finance secretary of Pakistan (Urdu: معتمدِ خزانہ پاکستان) is the federal secretary for the Ministry of Finance. The federal finance secretary is one of the most powerful bureaucrats in the country. Being the head of the Finance Division, the secretary plays an important part in shaping the country's economic and financial policies. The position holder is a BPS-22 grade officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service. The current finance secretary is Imdadullah Bosal. The finance secretary is assisted by one Special Secretary of grade 22, six additional secretaries of grade 21 and one Special Assistant of grade 17-18, the most number of deputies any secretary has in the federal government, due to the enormous workload.

Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Finance is a cabinet-level ministry of the government of Pakistan that is in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. A Finance Minister, an executive or cabinet position heads it.
The Minister is responsible each year for presenting the federal government's budget to the Parliament of Pakistan.
Vico Sotto
Victor Ma. Regis "Vico" Nubla Sotto ([ˈbiko ˈsɔtɔ]; born June 17, 1989) is a Filipino politician who has served as the 12th mayor of Pasig since 2019. He previously served as a member of the Pasig City Council for the first district from 2016 to 2019.

A member of the Sotto family, he studied political science at the Ateneo de Manila University, where he graduated in 2011. He entered politics in 2016 when he ran as an independent candidate for councilor and won, serving one term in the local legislature.

Sotto attracted media attention in 2019 when he defeated Mayor Bobby Eusebio in the mayoral election, ending the Eusebio's 27-year hold on the city's mayoralty on a progressive platform that focused on combating corruption and improving local services. Sotto's tenure as mayor has been marked by his government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila, which was met with positive reception among media.

Mayor of Pasig
The Mayor of Pasig (Filipino: Punong Lungsod ng Pasig) is the chief executive of the government of Pasig in  Metro Manila, Philippines. The mayor leads the city's departments in executing ordinances and delivering public services. The mayorship is a three-year term and each mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms, totaling nine years, although a mayor can be elected again after an interruption of one term.

The current mayor of Pasig is Vico Sotto.
Stereo Mike
Michail Exarchos (Greek: Μιχάλης Έξαρχος) (born 4 July 1978 in Piraeus, Greece), known professionally by his stage name Stereo Mike, is a Greek hip hop artist. He is the first MTV EMA Award winner in the "Best Greek Act" category.  Stereo Mike represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 alongside singer Loucas Yiorkas with the song "Watch My Dance", placing seventh with 120 points.

Shaya (singer)
Marianna Chantelle Hansen (Greek: Μαριάννα Χάνσεν; born 17 February 1983), known professionally as Shaya, is a Danish-born Greek singer. She was a member of the girl pop band Hi-5, the result of the Greek version of the talent show Popstars in 2003.
Fort Deposit, Alabama
Fort Deposit is a town in Lowndes County, Alabama, United States. Since 1890, it has been the largest town in Lowndes County. As of the 2020 census, Fort Deposit had a population of 1,225. It is part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area.

This town is named after a fort that was built under the order of General Andrew Jackson. This was a supply fort that was built to serve the soldiers during the Creek Indian War. There is an annual arts and crafts fair called Calico Fort on the second weekend of April every year.

It was incorporated on February 13, 1891. It reportedly sits on the highest point of land between Montgomery and New Orleans, Louisiana.

Lowndes County, Alabama
Lowndes County is in the central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,311. Its county seat is Hayneville. The county is named in honor of William Lowndes, a member of the United States Congress from South Carolina.

Lowndes County is part of the Montgomery, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. Historically it has been considered part of the Black Belt, known for its fertile soil, cotton plantations, and a high number of African American workers, enslaved and later freed.
1984 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1984 Iowa Hawkeyes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Iowa as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1984 Big Ten football season. In their sixth year under head coach Hayden Fry, the Hawkeyes compiled an 8–4–1 (5–3–1 in conference games), tied for fourth place in the Big Ten, and outscored opponents by a total of 304 to 184. Iowa concluded its season with a victory over Texas in the Freedom Bowl and was ranked No. 16 in the final AP poll and No. 15 in the final UPI poll.

Running back Ronnie Harmon was selected as the team's most valuable player. He led the team in rushing (1,166 yards) and receiving (151 catches for 715 yards). Quarterback Chuck Long completed 216 of 322 passes for 2,871 yards and 22 touchdowns.

The team played its home games at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa.

Chuck Long
Charles Franklin Long Jr. (born February 18, 1963) is an American football coach and former player. He played as a quarterback in college for the Iowa Hawkeyes under coach Hayden Fry and professionally with the Detroit Lions and the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1999. After his professional career, Long was an assistant coach at Iowa and Oklahoma before serving as the head football coach for the San Diego State Aztecs. Long also held a position as the offensive coordinator for the Kansas Jayhawks under head coach Turner Gill. Long is the CEO and executive director of the Iowa Sports Foundation, the organization that runs the Iowa Games, the Senior Games, Adaptive Sports Iowa, Iowa Corporate Games and the Live Healthy Iowa challenge, as well as an analyst for the Big Ten Network.
Bokbunja-ju
Bokbunja-ju (Korean: 복분자주; Hanja: 覆盆子酒), also called bokbunja wine, is a Korean fruit wine made from wild and/or cultivated black raspberry — traditionally, of the Korean species Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus).

The beverage is produced in Gochang County, North Jeolla Province, in Damyang, South Jeolla Province, and in Jeju Province, South Korea. It is made by fermenting berries with water. Some varieties also contain rice and reishi mushroom extract.

Bohae Bokbunjajoo of Bohae Brewery Co., Ltd. is the most well-known bokbunja liquor.

Korean alcoholic beverages
Korean cuisine has a wide variety of traditional alcoholic drinks, known as sul (술). Many of these drinks end with the Sino-Korean word -ju (주; 酒), and some end with the native Korean word -sul. The Sino-Korean -ju is not used as an independent noun.

There are an estimated 1,000 or more kinds of alcoholic drinks in Korea. Most are made from rice, and are fermented with the aid of yeast and nuruk (a wheat-based source of the enzyme amylase). Fruits, flowers, herbs, and other natural ingredients have also been used to craft traditional Korean alcoholic drinks. There are six distinct flavors: sweet, sour, pungent, roasted, bitter, and spicy. When the flavors are balanced, the alcohol is considered of good quality.
Petronella Muns
Petronella Muns (21 January 1794, The Hague – 13 May 1842, The Hague) was one of the first Western women to set foot in Japan.

She was the servant of Titia Bergsma, the wife of Jan Cock Blomhoff, and wet nurse to the Blomhoffs' infant son. Blomhoff was appointed governor of the Dutch trade station on Deshima (in Nagasaki) and took the two women there despite a Japanese ban on the presence of western women. Bergsma and Muns arrived on 16 August 1817 and were forced to leave after five weeks. On the return journey to the Netherlands, Muns gave birth to a daughter.

Muns and Bergsma had aroused considerable attention during their short stay and were portrayed by Japanese artists. Statues and images of them are still sold in the Japanese tourist industry, where they are remembered as the first western women in Japan.

Wet nurse
A wet nurse is a woman who breastfeeds and cares for another's child. Wet nurses are employed if the mother dies or if she is unable to nurse the child herself sufficiently or chooses not to do so. Wet-nursed children may be known as "milk-siblings", and in some societies, the families are linked by a special relationship of milk kinship. Wet-nursing existed in societies around the world until the invention of reliable formula milk in the 20th century. The practice has made a small comeback in the 21st century.
Freedom (White Heart album)
Freedom is the sixth album by the Christian rock band White Heart and the last of the band's albums with Sparrow Records. Produced by Brown Bannister, it was also the last album for Tommy Sims, Gordon Kennedy and Chris McHugh, although McHugh returned as a session musician for Tales of Wonder (1992). With Bannister at the production helm and he is best known for producing Amy Grant's albums, he allowed the group to stretch musically and lyrically. It is considered one of White Heart's best albums in Christian rock with both Christian rock and Christian radio (AC/CHR) giving airplay on songs like "Over Me," "Invitation," "The River Will Flow," "Let the Kingdom Come" and "Eighth Wonder." Freedom peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Top Inspirational Albums chart.

Tales of Wonder (album)
Tales of Wonder is the eighth album by the Christian rock band White Heart and the band's first with Jon Knox as drummer. Chris McHugh played all drum tracks (except "Vendetta") although Knox was the official drummer for the tour. It is their second album on Star Song Records released in 1992. The album is produced by White Heart founders Mark Gersmehl and Billy Smiley with Brown Bannister as a production consultant and who previously worked with them on their 1989 album Freedom. Every track on Tales of Wonder charted on both Christian Rock and Radio (AC/CHR) charts, except "Morningstar" and "Gabriella." A full-length track of "Morningstar" is heard on their 1994 compilation Nothing But the Best: Radio Classics. The album peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart. White Heart earned their second Grammy nomination, their first since 1984, for Best Rock Gospel Album for Tales of Wonder at the 35th Grammy Awards.
Aporphine
Aporphine is an alkaloid with the chemical formula C17H17N. It is the core chemical substructure of the aporphine alkaloids, a subclass of quinoline alkaloids. It can exist in either of two enantiomeric forms, (R)-aporphine and (S)-aporphine.

Nuciferine
Nuciferine is an alkaloid found within the plants Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera.

Nuciferine, an aporphine derivative structurally related to apomorphine, exhibits complex pharmacological effects: early studies show it had effect demonstrating dopamine blockade, producing neuroleptic effects, while its degradation product, atherosperminine, stimulates dopamine receptors. More recent research indicates nuciferine acts on multiple serotonin and dopamine receptors (as an antagonist, partial agonist, inverse agonist, or full agonist depending on the receptor) and inhibits the dopamine transporter. In rodent models, it demonstrates antipsychotic-like effects, modulates locomotor activity, restores PCP-induced sensory gating deficits, and may enhance morphine analgesia without causing catalepsy. It also shows potential anti-inflammatory effects, possibly through PPAR delta activation, with a reported median lethal dose of 289 mg/kg in mice.
Newar caste system
Newar caste system is the system by which Newārs, the historical inhabitants of Kathmandu Valley, are divided into groups on the basis of Vedic varna model as well as according to their hereditary occupations. First introduced at the time of the Licchavis (A.D. 300 – c. 879), the Newar caste system assumed its present shape during the medieval Malla period (A.D. 1201–1769). The Newar caste structure resembles more closely to North India and Madheshis than that of the Khas 'Parbatiyas' in that all four Varna (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra) and untouchables are represented. The social structure of Newars is unique as it is the last remaining example of a pre-Islamic North Indic civilisation in which Buddhist elements enjoy equal status with the Brahmanic elements.

Pradhan
Pradhan (Devanagari: प्रधान) is generally ministerial title of Sanskrit origin used in the Indian subcontinent. The Sanskrit pradhāna translates to "major" or "prime"; however, the more modern Hindi definitions provided by the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary also include "chief" and "leader". The precise interpretation can differ significantly by region. The style was somewhat abandoned by many Indian princely states during the Mughal era in favor of Persian styles such as Wasir and Diwan. Pradhan is also a surname mainly in Nepal, India etc.
Velkua
Velkua (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋelkuɑ]) is a former municipality of Finland. It was, together with Merimasku and Rymättylä, consolidated with the town of Naantali on January 1, 2009.

It is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 245 (2005-12-31) and covered an area of 30.07 km² (excluding sea) of which 0.13 km² is inland water. The population density was 8,1 inhabitants per km².

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Naantali
Naantali (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnɑːntɑli]; Swedish: Nådendal) is a town in Southwest Finland, and, as a resort town during the summer, an important centre of tourism in the country. The municipality has a population of 20,190
(31 March 2025), and is located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) west of Turku.

The town has a land area of 312.58 square kilometres (120.69 sq mi). Most of this area is located on the islands, but the majority of the population lives on the mainland. Most of the islands are covered with forest and farmland, while the mainland consists chiefly of residential areas.
Constantine Campbell
Constantine Alberga Campbell (January 18, 1934 – November 27, 2022) was a Canadian scientist who was a researcher in soil organic matter and all features of nitrogen in soils and crops. Campbell is the leading authority on soil fertility and degradation of nitrogen in American prairie soil, which includes the amount of loss on the quality of organic matter. He was one of the first to radiocarbon date soil organic matter, and in 1967 published a paper which is cited as a landmark work. The majority of his career, he worked with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in Swift Current, Saskatchewan, retiring in 1998.

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC; sometimes Ag-Canada; French: Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for the federal regulation of agriculture, including policies governing the production, processing, and marketing of all farm, food, and agri-based products. Agriculture in Canada is a shared jurisdiction and the department works with the provinces and territories in the development and delivery of policies and programs.

The minister of agriculture and agri-food is responsible for the department to Parliament. While the minister is head of the department, and provides policy/political direction, the day-to-day operations of the department are managed by the deputy minister, who is a public servant.
Patricia Schartle Myrer
Biography portal

Patricia Schartle Myrer (1923–2010) was an editor, literary agent and publishing executive based in New York City. She was editor-in-chief of Appleton-Century-Crofts publishing. She eventually became president of McIntosh & Otis literary agency. She married novelist Anton Myrer in 1970. Some of the authors she represented were Mary Higgins Clark, Patricia Highsmith and Eleanor Hibbert. She retired in 1984 and died in 2010.

Saugerties, New York
Saugerties (/ˈsɔːɡərtiːz/) is a town in the northeastern corner of Ulster County, New York. The population was 19,038 at the time of the 2020 census, a decline from 19,482 in 2010. The village of the same name is located entirely within the town.

Part of the town is inside Catskill Park. U.S. Route 9W and New York State Route 32 pass through the town, converging at the center of the village and overlapping to the south. These routes parallel the New York State Thruway (Interstate 87), which passes through the town just west of the village of Saugerties.
Piracy off the coast of Somalia
Piracy off the coast of Somalia occurs in the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, and Indian Ocean, in Somali territorial waters and other surrounding places and has a long troubled history with different perspectives from different communities. It was initially a threat to international fishing vessels during the early 2000s, only to rapidly escalate and expand to international shipping during the War in Somalia (2006–2009). The escalation of conflict between local Somali fishermen and foreign vessels occurred in a context where Somalia is estimated to lose approximately $300 million annually since 1991 due to the unauthorized extraction of marine resources using harmful methods, such as dynamite fishing, which is prohibited in a number of other regions.

Abduwali Muse
Abdulwali Abdukhad Muse (born 1990) is a Somali pirate. He is the sole survivor of four pirates who hijacked the MV Maersk Alabama in April 2009 and then held Captain Richard Phillips for ransom. On 16 February 2011, Muse was convicted and sentenced to 33 years and 9 months in U.S. federal prison.

Muse was portrayed by Somali-American actor Barkhad Abdi in the 2013 film Captain Phillips, a dramatization of the hijacking.
Alejandra Orozco
Alejandra Orozco Loza (born 19 April 1997) is a Mexican diver. In 2012, she participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics in the synchronized 10 metre platform event alongside world champion Paola Espinosa, winning a silver medal. At the age of 15, she became the youngest athlete to represent Mexico at the 2012 Olympic games.

In 2021 she participated in the 2020 Summer Olympics in the synchronized 10 metre platform event alongside Gabriela Agúndez, winning a bronze medal.

On June 6, 2024, the Mexican Olympic Committee, named to her and the olympic diver Emiliano Hernández as the flag bearers to the Olympic Games París 2024.

Emiliano Hernández
Emiliano Hernández Uscanga (born 27 January 1998) is a Mexican modern pentathlete. He won silver medal at the 2023 World Modern Pentathlon Championships and two gold medals at the 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games.

On June 6, 2024, the Mexican Olympic Committee named him and diver Alejandra Orozco as the flag bearers for the 2024 Summer Olympics. Despite a fourth place finish in the men's pentathlon, he set a world record in the laser run in the final. His best friends probably are Kian, Luke, and Matt.
Macbeth (1960 American film)
Macbeth is a 1960 television film adaptation of the William Shakespeare play presented as the November 20, 1960 episode of the American anthology series Hallmark Hall of Fame. The series' second production of the play was, like the 1954 live telecast, also directed by George Schaefer, and again starred English-born American actor Maurice Evans and Australian actress Judith Anderson. The supporting cast, however, was different, consisting entirely of British actors, and was filmed on location in Scotland; the 1954 version had used a mostly American cast.

13th Primetime Emmy Awards
The 13th Emmy Awards, later referred to as the 13th Primetime Emmy Awards, were held on May 16, 1961, to honor the best in television of the year. It was hosted by Joey Bishop and Dick Powell. All nominations are listed, with winners in bold and series' networks are in parentheses.

The top show of the night was the NBC anthology Hallmark Hall of Fame for their production of Macbeth. It won in all its nominated categories, tying the record (since broken) of five major wins. A milestone was set by The Flintstones, it became the first ever animated show to be nominated in one of the main series categories (comedy or drama). It would be the only animated show to accomplish this feat until 2009, when Family Guy was included in the expanded comedy field.
Trolleybuses in Rosario
The Rosario trolleybus system (Spanish: Sistema de trolebuses de Rosario) is part of the public transport network in Rosario, the largest city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina.

Opened in 1959, the trolleybus system presently comprises two routes, designated as lines K and Q.  The latter opened in 2017, using new vehicles, but did not require any new overhead wires.

Trolza
Trolza (Russian: ZАО "Троллейбусный завод", abbr. Тролза), formerly known as the Uritsky factory or simply Uritsky, was a trolleybus manufacturer in Russia, located in Engels, Saratov oblast.

In the Soviet era it was known as ZiU (Russian: Завод имени Урицкого, Zavod imeni Uritskogo, plant named after revolutionary Moisei Uritskiy) or Uritsky factory (plant).

ZiU/Trolza has built over 65,000 trolleybuses. Historically, the most numerous models of ZiU production were the MTB-82, the ZiU-5 and the ZiU-9 (also known as the ZiU-682). The ZiU-9 is the most widely produced trolleybus in history. The factory has exported its production to various countries, including Argentina, Bulgaria, Colombia, Greece, Mongolia, Hungary, Serbia etc.
Landkreis Graudenz
The district of Graudenz was a Prussian district in the administrative region of Marienwerder that existed from 1818 to 1920. It belonged to the province of West Prussia until 1829 and then again from 1878 to 1920. Between 1829 and 1878, it belonged to the Province of Prussia. It was located in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the World War I in 1920 through the Treaty of Versailles. The city of Graudenz, was part of the district until 1900, after which it formed its own independent urban district.

From 1939 to 1945, the district was re-established in occupied Poland as part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. Today this area lies in the Polish Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Łasin
Łasin [ˈwaɕin]  is a town in Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, with 3,004 inhabitants (2025). It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łasin. It is located within the historic Chełmno Land.
Hitachi (Japanese train)
Hitachi (ひたち) is a limited express train service operated in Japan by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) on the Jōban Line between Shinagawa Station / Ueno Station in Tokyo and Sendai Station in Miyagi Prefecture. The Tokiwa service follows the same route but makes additional stops.

485 series
The 485 series (485系, 485-kei) (and the earlier 481 and 483 series variants) was a Japanese limited express electric multiple unit (EMU) type introduced in 1964 by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and later operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East), West Japan Railway Company (JR-West), and Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). Approximately 1,500 vehicles were built, although by April 2016, JR East was the only operator still using this type. The last 485 series train was pulled from service on December 11, 2022 when the Resort Yamadori Joyful Train set was retired.
Frank Sytner
Franklin Goodman Sytner (born 29 June 1944 in Liverpool) is a British racing driver, a Life Member of the BRDC, and was the 1988 British Touring Car Champion, driving a BMW M3. He also won his class in 1990.

Sytner Group
The Sytner Group Ltd is a car dealership company headquartered in Leicester, United Kingdom.

The group holds dealerships located in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and specialises in premium and specialist franchises from Audi to Porsche. The group is wholly owned by the United States–based Penske Automotive Group, a NYSE listed part owned division of Penske Corporation.