hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wolf V. Vishniac
Wolf Vladimir Vishniac (April 22, 1922 – December 10, 1973) was an American microbiologist. He was the son of photographer Roman Vishniac and the father of astronomer Ethan Vishniac. Educated at Brooklyn College and Stanford University, he was a professor of biology at the University of Rochester. He died on a research trip to the Antarctic attempting to retrieve equipment in a crevasse. The crater Vishniac on Mars is named in his honor.

Wolf Vishniac contributed greatly to the search for life on Mars by developing a special miniature laboratory that could be transported to that planet, known as the "Wolf Trap". This research was supported by a NASA grant started in 1959, the first for the biological sciences.

Vishniac (crater)
Vishniac is the larger crater of the Martian surface feature called the Giant's Footprint. It was named after Wolf V. Vishniac, a microbiologist who died on an expedition to Antarctica. Professor Carl Sagan felt very bad for the scientist, and so found an unnamed crater at the exact longitude and latitude that he died on Mars and named it after him. The feature was originally observed by Mariner 7 in 1969. In 1999, the Mars Global Surveyor's Mars Orbiter Camera was able to provide more detailed pictures. The crater measures approximately 80.47 kilometres (50 mi) in diameter. Its name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1976.
Unocal Corp. v. Mesa Petroleum Co.
Unocal v. Mesa Petroleum Co., 493 A.2d 946 (Del. 1985) is a landmark decision of the Delaware Supreme Court on corporate defensive tactics against take-over bids.

Until the Unocal decision in 1985, the Delaware courts had applied the business judgment rule, when appropriate, to takeover defenses, mergers, and sales.

In Unocal, the Court held that a board of directors may only try to prevent a take-over where it can be shown that there was a threat to corporate policy and the defensive measure adopted was proportional and reasonable given the nature of the threat.

This requirement has become known as the Unocal test for board of directors (as later modified in Unitrin, Inc. v. American General Corp., which required the tactics to be "coercive" or "preclusive" before the court would step in).

Delaware Supreme Court
The Delaware Supreme Court is the sole appellate court in the United States state of Delaware. Because Delaware is a popular haven for corporations, the Court has developed a worldwide reputation as a respected source of corporate law decisions, particularly in the area of mergers and acquisitions.
Cecil Charles Worster-Drought
Cecil Charles Worster-Drought (2 August 1888–27 October 1971) was an English physician and neurologist.  He discovered and named Worster-Drought syndrome.
He was one of the founders of Moor House School, Oxted, Surrey, a school that specialises in speech and language disorders.

Oxted
Oxted is a town and civil parish in the Tandridge district of Surrey, England. It is at the foot of the North Downs, 9 miles (14 km) south-east of Croydon, 9 miles (14 km) west of Sevenoaks, and 9 miles (14 km) north of East Grinstead.

Oxted is a commuter town and Oxted railway station has direct train services to London. Its main developed area is contiguous with the village of Limpsfield. The headwaters of the River Eden unite in the town, east of Titsey Place. The Eden feeds into Kent's longest river, the Medway.  Only the southern slope of the North Downs is steep and its towns and farmland form the Vale of Holmesdale, a series of headwaters across Surrey and Kent to separate rivers.

The settlements of Hurst Green and Holland within the civil parish to the south are continuous, and almost wholly residential, areas.
Ljubljanica Sluice Gate
The Ljubljanica Sluice Gate (Slovene: Zapornica na Ljubljanici), or the Partition (Pregrada),: 180–181  is a sluice gate and a triumphal arch on the Ljubljanica River in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It is located between Cukrarna (a former sugar factory) and Vraz Square (Vrazov trg) in the Center District, east of the Ljubljana old town, a bit downstream of Ambrož Square (Ambrožev trg). It was designed in 1939 by the Slovene architect Jože Plečnik, who envisaged it as a monumental farewell to the Ljubljanica River on its exit from the Ljubljana city centre. It was planned to be used as a footbridge as well. The sluice gate was built with difficulty from 1940 until 1943: 184  by the constructor Matko Curk. Since July 2009, it has been protected as a monument of national significance, along with other major works by Plečnik. Since August 2021, the Ljubljanica Sluice Gate has been inscribed as part of Plečnik's legacy on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Ljubljanica
The Ljubljanica (pronounced [ljuˈbljáːnitsa]), known in the Middle Ages as the Leybach, is a river in the southern part of the Ljubljana Basin in Slovenia. The capital of Slovenia, Ljubljana, lies on the river. The Ljubljanica rises south of the town of Vrhnika and flows into the Sava River about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) downstream from Ljubljana. Its largest affluent is the Mali Graben Canal. Including its source affluent the Little Ljubljanica (Slovene: Mala Ljubljanica), the river is 41 km (25 mi) in length. The Little Ljubljanica joins the Big Ljubljanica (Slovene: Velika Ljubljanica) after 1,300 m (4,300 ft) and the river continues its course as the Ljubljanica.

The Ljubljanica is the continuation of several karst rivers that flow from the Prezid Karst Field (Slovene: Prezidsko polje) to Vrhnika on the surface and underground in caves, and so the river is poetically said to have seven names (six name changes): Trbuhovica, Obrh, Stržen, Rak, Pivka, Unica, and Ljubljanica.
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE) (Russian: Российский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта, молодёжи и туризма (ГЦОЛИФК))  is a university in Moscow, founded in 1918.

David Tyshler
David (also "Davyd") Abramovich Tyshler (Russian: Давид Абрамович Тышлер; 13 June 1927 – 7 June 2014) was a Russian sabreur, part of the first generation of internationally successful Soviet fencers (Olympic bronze medalist in 1956, and five-time World Championship finalist between 1955 and 1959). He is also known as a successful and innovative fencing coach. His notable pupils included Sergey Sharikov, Mark Midler, Mark Rakita, Viktor Sidjak, Viktor Krovopuskov, and Viktor Bazhenov. He choreographed stage and screen combat, and made cameo appearances in Russian cinema.
László Almásy
László Adolf Ede György Mária Almásy de Zsadány et Törökszentmiklós (Hungarian: zsadányi és törökszentmiklósi Almásy László Adolf Ede György Mária; pronounced [ˈɒlmaːʃi ˈlaːsloː ˈɛdɛ]; 22 August/3 November 1895 – 22 March 1951) was a Hungarian aristocrat, motorist, desert explorer, aviator, Scout-leader, and sportsman who served as the basis for the protagonist in both Michael Ondaatje's novel The English Patient (1992) and the movie adaptation of the same name (1996).

Hubert Jones
Group Captain Hubert Wilson Godfrey Jones Penderel MC, AFC, FRGS (7 October 1890 – 14 May 1943) was a British World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories. Between the wars he had a distinguished career as a Royal Air Force officer, air racer and explorer, and served as group commander in the early stages of World War II, before being killed while making a test flight of a Hurricane.
College of Southern Idaho
College of Southern Idaho (CSI) is a public community college in Twin Falls, Idaho. It also has off-campus programs in Jerome, Hailey, Burley and Gooding. Together with the College of Eastern Idaho, College of Western Idaho and North Idaho College, CSI is one of only four comprehensive community colleges in Idaho.

College of Southern Idaho offers associate of arts, associate of science, associate of applied science degrees, and technical certificates in over 115 disciplines. Additional upper-division courses through the University of Idaho, Idaho State University, and Boise State University are also offered. CSI's enrollment is approximately 7,000 students with an additional 3,000 in non-credit courses. Approximately 85% of the student body is from Idaho's Magic Valley region. The college is governed by a five-member board of trustees elected at large by voters in Twin Falls and Jerome Counties.

Burley, Idaho
Burley (/ˈbʊrliː/) is a city in Cassia and Minidoka counties in southern Idaho, United States. The population was 11,704 at the 2020 census, up from 10,345 in 2010. The city is the county seat of Cassia County.

Burley is the principal city of the Burley, Idaho, Micropolitan Statistical Area, which comprises Cassia and Minidoka counties. Burley is the largest city in Cassia and Minidoka counties (collectively called the “Mini-Cassia” area), and the third-largest city in Idaho's Magic Valley region, after Twin Falls and Jerome.
Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems. It also relies on knowledge of geology, hydrology, geophysics, and other related sciences.

Geotechnical engineering has applications in military engineering, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, coastal engineering, and offshore construction. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have overlapping knowledge areas. However, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology.

Exploration geophysics
Exploration geophysics is an applied branch of geophysics and economic geology, which uses physical methods at the surface of the Earth, such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic, to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with the anomalies in those properties. It is most often used to detect or infer the presence and position of economically useful geological deposits, such as ore minerals; fossil fuels and other hydrocarbons; geothermal reservoirs; and groundwater reservoirs. It can also be used to detect the presence of unexploded ordnance.

Exploration geophysics can be used to directly detect the target style of mineralization by measuring its physical properties directly. For example, one may measure the density contrasts between the dense iron ore and the lighter silicate host rock, or one may measure the electrical conductivity contrast between conductive sulfide minerals and the resistive silicate host rock.
Jibbs Featuring Jibbs
Jibbs feat. Jibbs is the only studio album by St. Louis, Missouri rapper Jibbs. It was released on October 24, 2006. The album is produced by Da Beatstaz, David Banner, Polow da Don, and Maestro, and includes performances by Chamillionaire, Melody Thornton of Pussycat Dolls and Fabo of D4L. The first single was "Chain Hang Low", the second was "King Kong", the third was "Go Too Far", and the fourth and final single was "Smile".

The record was met with mixed reception from music critics. Jibbs featuring Jibbs debuted at number 11 on the Billboard 200, with about 50,000 copies sold in its first week. It also debuted at numbers four and eight on both the Rap Albums and R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts respectively. The album went on to sell over 125,000 copies in the United States.

King Kong (Jibbs song)
"King Kong" is the second single from the album Jibbs Featuring Jibbs by American rapper Jibbs. The song features fellow hip hop artist Chamillionaire. It is written by Javon Campbell, Derryl Howard, Bradford Ray, Orlando Watson, and Maurice Wilson. The song failed to duplicate the success of "Chain Hang Low", peaking at number 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 32 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
Carnaval de Ponce
The Carnaval de Ponce (English: Ponce Carnival), officially Carnaval Ponceño, is an annual celebration of the Carnival holiday held in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The celebration lasts one week,  and like most observations of the holiday ends on Fat Tuesday (Mardi Gras Day, the day before Ash Wednesday). Thus, like the Carnival holiday in general, it is usually held in February and or March. It dates back to 1858. Some authorities, such as the Smithsonian Institution, believe the Ponce Carnaval can be traced to as far back as 250 years ago. The Carnaval coincides with the Mardi Gras of New Orleans, the Carnival of Venice, and Rio de Janeiro's Carnival and hundreds of other places that observe this holiday around the world. The estimated attendance is 100,000. Scenes of the 2011 Carnaval Ponceño were featured in the Travel Channel on 7 August 2011.

Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras (UK: /ˌmɑːrdi ˈɡrɑː/; US: /ˈmɑːrdi ɡrɑː/), also known as Shrove Tuesday, is the final day of Carnival (also known as Shrovetide or Fastelavn); it thus falls on the day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras ([maʁdi ɡʁa]) is French for "Fat Tuesday", referring to it being the last day of consuming rich, fatty foods, most notably red meat, in preparation for the Christian fasting season of Lent, during which such foods are avoided.

Related popular practices are associated with Carnival celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent. In countries such as the United Kingdom, Mardi Gras is more usually known as Pancake Day or (traditionally) Shrove Tuesday, derived from the word shrive, meaning "to administer the sacrament of confession to; to absolve".
Veracocha
Veracocha was the alias used for the trance music collaboration between Dutch producers Vincent de Moor and Ferry Corsten, both of whom have had solo success under their own names, and using various other pseudonyms.

The only track issued under the Veracocha alias was "Carte Blanche", which was released on the Deal Records label in Netherlands then on the Positiva label in the UK in 1999, and reached number 22 in the UK Singles Chart. The song has since been remixed and re-released on many occasions. A track entitled "Drafting" was on the B-Side of the original release.

Veracocha also remixed "Ayla" by Ayla (the German DJ and producer Ingo Kunzi).

In 2008, the track was re-released with new mixes by Cosmic Gate and Manuel De La Mare.
In 2023, the track was re-released as 'Dirty South & Ferry Corsten - Carte Blanche'.

Ferry Corsten
Ferry Corsten OON (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈfɛri ˈkɔrstə(n)]; born 4 December 1973) is a Dutch DJ, record producer and remixer. He is well known for producing many pioneering trance tracks during the 1990s–2000s under his numerous aliases, including System F, Moonman, Pulp Victim and Gouryella. In recent years, he has shifted to a broader electronic music style, playing everything from progressive house to uplifting trance; and hosts his own weekly radio show, Resonation Radio. Corsten routinely plays at events and festivals all over the world including Electric Daisy Carnival, Tomorrowland, and many others, and has been consistently ranked among DJ Mag's Top 100 DJs poll, having placed at rank 5 in 2004 and 2005, 6 in 2006 and 2008; and most recently at 80 for 2024.
Nazmul Hossain Ansar
Nazmul Hossain Ansar (born 27 July 1952) is a former Bangladesh Army officer. He was convicted for the 1975 Jail Killing of four national leaders of Bangladesh following the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the president of Bangladesh. He is wanted by Bangladeshi authorities and is currently residing in Canada.

Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding president of Bangladesh, was assassinated along with most of his family members during the early hours of 15 August 1975 by a group of Bangladesh Army personnel who invaded his residence as part of a coup d'état. The minister of commerce, Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, immediately took control and proclaimed himself head of an interim government from 15 August to 6 November 1975; he was in turn succeeded by Chief Justice Abu Sayem. The assassination marked the first direct military intervention in Bangladesh's civilian administration. 15 August as National Mourning Day was nationally observed under the Sheikh Hasina government.
Bazaar of the Bizarre
"Bazaar of the Bizarre" is a sword and sorcery novelette by American writer Fritz Leiber and part of the canon of stories chronicling  Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser.

First published in 1963 in Fantastic, it has been reprinted several times, including as a standalone edition. It also appears in the anthology The Spell of Seven, edited by L. Sprague de Camp.

The Spell of Seven
The Spell of Seven is an anthology of fantasy short stories in the sword and sorcery subgenre, edited by L. Sprague de Camp and illustrated by Virgil Finlay. It was first published in paperback by Pyramid Books in June 1965, and reprinted in December 1969. It was the second such anthology assembled by de Camp, following his Swords and Sorcery (1963).
Malesardi Quadrangle
Malesardi Quadrangle (formerly known as the Athletic Quadrangle) is a quadrangle at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States.

Originally known as the Athletic Quadrangle, it was renamed in 2016 after Robert Malesardi, a member of the Class of 1945, pledged $20 million to the college. It was the single-largest gift in the college's history. Malesardi died in 2021, aged 96.

The quadrangle is located on a plateau above Dent Drive to the west. The Freas Hall admissions building is beneath the plaza, accessed from Dent Drive. Vaughan Literature Building overlooks the quadrangle from the north, Bertrand Library and clocktower from the east, and Coleman Hall from the south. From the quad, the Susquehanna Valley is in view to the west.

Senior Sunsets and Commencements take place on the quad.

Freas Hall sits below the quadrangle

Looking northwest toward the Vaughan Literature Building (2024)

Bucknell University
Bucknell University is a private liberal-arts college in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1846 as the University at Lewisburg, it now consists of the College of Arts and Sciences, the Freeman College of Management, and the College of Engineering. It offers 65 majors and 70 minors in the sciences and humanities. Located just south of Lewisburg, the 445-acre (1.80 km2) campus rises above the West Branch of the Susquehanna River.

Approximately 3,900 undergraduate students and 50 graduate students attend Bucknell. It is a member of the Patriot League in NCAA Division I athletics. Its athletic teams are the Bucknell Bison and its mascot is Bucky the Bison.
Ritu Kapur
Ritu Kapur is an Indian media entrepreneur. She is the Co-founder, Managing Director, and CEO of Quint Digital Limited, the parent company of The Quint, a web-based digital news site and was one of the founding members of Network18 in 1992.

Ritu Kapur is a board member at Reuters Institute Of Journalism, Oxford University. She is also an advisory board member at the British Council for their Future News Worldwide partnership program and a board member of the World Editor's Forum. In 2018, she was ranked the 49th most powerful woman on the Fortune's list of Most Powerful Women in India.

Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
The Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ) is a UK-based research institute and think tank founded in 2006, which operates Thomson Reuters Journalism Fellowship Programme, also known as the Reuters Fellowship. It is part of Oxford University’s Department of Politics and International Relations and affiliated with Green Templeton College.
Robert Sangster
Robert Edmund Sangster (23 May 1936 – 7 April 2004) was a British businessman, thoroughbred racehorse owner and breeder. Sangster's horses won 27 European Classics and more than 100 Group One races, including two Epsom Derbys, four Irish Derbys, two French Derbys, three Prix de l'Arc de Triomphes, as well as the Breeders' Cup Mile and the Melbourne Cup. He was British flat racing Champion Owner five times.

From the mid-1970s, in partnership with John Magnier and Vincent O'Brien, Sangster transformed the sport of thoroughbred horseracing.  Their dramatic buying of American-bred yearlings at the Keeneland Sales in Kentucky led to tremendous success and established the Coolmore Stud in Ireland as one of the principal powers in the bloodstock world.

Las Meninas (horse)
Las Meninas (foaled 22 April 1991) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a racing career which lasted from June 1993 to November 1994 she ran eight times and won two races. As a two-year-old she won on her debut and finished second in the Phoenix Stakes at Leopardstown. On her three-year-old debut, Las Meninas defeated Balanchine to win the Classic 1000 Guineas at Newmarket Racecourse becoming the first Irish winner since 1975. She went on to finish second in the Irish 1,000 Guineas at the Curragh but her subsequent form deteriorated and she finished unplaced in her remaining four races. Las Meninas was retired from racing to become a broodmare at the end of her three-year-old season.
Transverse ligament of knee
The transverse or (anterior) meniscomeniscal ligament is a ligament in the knee joint that connects the anterior convex margin of the lateral meniscus to the anterior end of the medial meniscus.

It is divided into several strips in ten percent of subjects and its thickness varies considerably in different subjects.

Knee
In humans and other primates, the knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint). It is the largest joint in the human body. The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.

It is often termed a compound joint having tibiofemoral and patellofemoral components. (The fibular collateral ligament is often considered with tibiofemoral components.)
Evanescence (Scorn album)
Evanescence is the third album by Scorn, originally released in 1994 on Earache Records. It was remastered along with its remix album and released as a two disc set in 2009. Evanescence is often associated with industrial and experimental music. Nic Bullen left Scorn in 1995 and the band continued on as an essentially solo project for Mick Harris.

Scorn (band)
Scorn is an English electronic music project. The group was formed in the early 1990s as a project of former Napalm Death members Mick Harris and Nic Bullen. Bullen left the group in 1995, and the project continued on a solo project for Harris until 1997. Scorn was relaunched in 2000 and operated until the end of 2011. Harris restarted the project, once again, in 2019, but stopped it in late 2022.
The Sport of Kings (1931 film)
The Sport of Kings is a 1931 British comedy film directed by Victor Saville and starring Leslie Henson, Hugh Wakefield and Gordon Harker. It was based on the 1924 play of the same title by Ian Hay.

The film was made by Gainsborough Pictures at British and Dominions Elstree Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Walter Murton.

It was a financial success.

Walter Murton
Walter Murton was a British art director, who worked from the 1920s until the 1940s. During his early career in the 1920s Murton was the regular set designer on the silent film series The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and The Mystery of Dr. Fu Manchu.

Along with Clifford Pember, Murton was identified as part of an "old guard" resisting change in British set design sought by younger set designers and by German immigrants. During his later career Murton worked for Gainsborough Pictures. His final film was the influential Gainsborough Melodrama The Man in Grey (1943). His son Peter Murton was also an art director.