hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stolen Generations
The Stolen Generations (also known as Stolen Children) were the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian federal and state government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments. The removals of those referred to as "half-caste" children were conducted in the period between approximately 1905 and 1967, although in some places mixed-race children were still being taken into the 1970s.

Official government estimates are that in certain regions between one in ten and one in three Indigenous Australian children were forcibly taken from their families and communities between 1910 and 1970.

The Bringing Them Home Royal Commission report (1997) described the Australian policies of removing Aboriginal children as genocide.

Kruger v Commonwealth
In Kruger v Commonwealth, decided in 1997, also known as the Stolen Generation Case, the High Court of Australia rejected a challenge to the validity of legislation applying in the Northern Territory between 1918 and 1957 which authorised the removal of Aboriginal children from their families. The majority of the bench found that the Aboriginals Ordinance 1918 was beneficial in intent and had neither the purpose of genocide nor that of restricting the practice of religion. The High Court unanimously held there was no separate action for a breach of any constitutional right.
Montaldo Bormida
Montaldo Bormida is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Alessandria.

As part of the Marquisate of Montferrat, Montaldo Bormida had a succession of feudal lords: the Della Valle family of Trisobbio, the Ferraris of Orsara, the Centurione, Spinola and Pallavicino families.

Montaldo Bormida borders the following municipalities: Carpeneto, Orsara Bormida, Rivalta Bormida, Sezzadio, and Trisobbio.

The first Seventh-day Adventist Church in Italy was built in Montaldo Bormida in 1925.

Orsara Bormida
Orsara Bormida is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Alessandria, on the right bank of river Bormida.

Orsara Bormida borders the following municipalities: Montaldo Bormida, Morsasco, Rivalta Bormida, Strevi, and Trisobbio. It lies in a territory which was occupied by a forest; only from the 13th century agriculture took possession of the area. It was a fief of the Malaspina family until 1530. It is home to a castle, built in the 11th century.
James Cumming (chemist)
James Cumming (26 September 1777 – 10 November 1861) was the ninth Professor of Chemistry in Cambridge from 1815 to 1860. Cumming is remembered for his research-led teaching and his lectures during which he would literally shock the audience with a galvanic apparatus. He was also known to electrocute a cat during a demonstration.

North Runcton
North Runcton is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is 43.2 miles (69.5 km) west of Norwich, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) south-south-east of King's Lynn and 102 miles (164 km) north of London. The village is located a small distance south-west of the A47 between King's Lynn and Swaffham. The nearest railway station is at King's Lynn for the Fen Line which runs between King's Lynn and Cambridge. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The parish of North Runcton in the 2001 census, has a population of 266, increasing to 549 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Grasburg Castle
Grasburg Castle is a ruined castle in the municipality of Schwarzenburg of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland.  It is the largest castle ruin in the Canton of Bern.  It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Schwarzenburg
Schwarzenburg is a municipality in the district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2011 through the merger of the municipalities of Wahlern and Albligen.
Whitkirk
Whitkirk is a suburb of east Leeds, England. It is situated between Cross Gates to the north, Austhorpe to the east, Killingbeck to the west, Colton to the south-east and Halton to the south-west. The Temple Newsam estate lies directly south of the area.

It falls into the Temple Newsam ward of Leeds City Council and Leeds East parliamentary constituency.

Killingbeck
Killingbeck is a district of east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England named after the Killingbeck family, historic local landowners, and is situated between Seacroft to the north, Cross Gates and Whitkirk to the east, Gipton to the west, Halton Moor to the south, Halton to the south-east and Osmondthorpe to the south-west.

It sits in the Killingbeck & Seacroft ward of Leeds City Council and Leeds East parliamentary constituency.
Luis Artime
Luis Artime (born 2 December 1938) is an Argentine former footballer, who played as a striker, and scored more than 1,000 goals during his career. His son Luis Fabián Artime is also a retired Argentine footballer who played in the 1990s.

1967 Argentine Primera División
The 1967 Primera División season was the 76th season of top-flight football in Argentina. It was the first season in which the Metropolitano and Nacional championships format was used.

Estudiantes (LP) (2nd title) won the Metropolitano while Independiente won the Nacional tournament (8th title). At the end of the Reclasificatorio, Unión de Santa Fe and Deportivo Español were relegated.
Arab Idol
Arab Idol is an Arabic television show, based on the popular British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller's 19 Entertainment and developed by Fremantle Media and recorded in Beirut, Lebanon. The first season premiered on 9 December 2011. The show was broadcast worldwide on MBC 1 and simultaneously aired on LBC. The second season debuted on 8 March 2013, the third season on 5 September 2014, and the fourth season on 4 November 2016 on MBC.

Arab Idol season 2
Following the huge success of the first season of Arab Idol, MBC launched the second season on 8 March 2013. The jury panel, composed of Ahlam, Ragheb Alama and Hassan El Shafei, is completed by Lebanese pop star Nancy Ajram. The top 27 was announced on 6 April 2013 and the first prime is scheduled for 19 April. 13 contestants should reach the final stage, compared with the first season where only 10 contestants were picked. On finale night, Mohammed Assaf from Palestine won the competition against Ahmad Gamal and Farah Youssef. There was an estimated 60 million votes. media and was welcomed with joy by Palestinians and the rest of the Arab world. This year was a premiere since it will be the first time that there is a non-Arab/non-Arabic speaker contestant (Parwas Hussain, from the Kurdish part of Iraq).
Line 11 (Naples Metro)
Line 11 (Italian: Linea 11), also known as the Rainbow Line (Italian: Linea Arcobaleno), as each station is identified by a different colour, is a Naples Metro line that connects the city to its northern suburbs. Printed in rainbow on the map, it serves 4 underground stations. It is operated by EAV.

Aversa
Aversa (Italian: [aˈvɛrsa]) is a city and comune in the Province of Caserta in Campania, southern Italy, about 24 km north of Naples. It is the centre of an agricultural district, the Agro Aversano, producing wine and cheese (famous for the typical buffalo mozzarella). Aversa is also the main seat of the faculties of Architecture and Engineering of the Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli" (Campania University "L. Vanvitelli"). With a population of 52,974 (2017), it is the second city of the province after Caserta.
Bubyl
The Bubyl (Russian: Бубыл) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Kolva, which in turn is a tributary of the Vishera. The river is 60 kilometres (37 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 266 square kilometres (103 sq mi). The Bubyl flows into the Kolva 100 kilometres (62 mi) upstream of the Kolva's mouth.

Kolva (Perm Krai)
The Kolva (Russian: Колва) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, right tributary of the Vishera of the Kama basin. The river is 460 kilometres (290 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 13,500 square kilometres (5,200 sq mi). It starts on southeastern slope of mount Kolvinsky Kamen, in northeastern portion of Perm Krai, near the border with Komi Republic. Its mouth is near the town of Cherdyn.

The Kolva freezes up in early November and stays under the ice until late April or early May. The river is navigable within 200 to 250 kilometres (120 to 160 mi) of its estuary during the high-water season. The town of Cherdyn is along on the Kolva.

Main tributaries (from source to mouth):

Left: Yamzhach, Seleya, Kumay, Ayya, Tulpan, Beryozovaya, Ukhtym, Nizva, Mudyl, Chudova.

Right: Nyariz, Sukhotyl, Nyuzim, Anyl, Visherka, Vizhaikha, Bubyl, Lyzovka.
Kurobe Gorge
Kurobe Gorge (黒部峡谷, Kurobe-kyokoku) is a V-shaped canyon located at Kurobe, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

The Kurobe Dam in Kurobe Gorge is one of highlights of the Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route. The area was designated the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park on December 4, 1934.

Chūbu-Sangaku National Park
Chūbu-Sangaku National Park (中部山岳国立公園, Chūbu Sangaku Kokuritsu Kōen) is a national park in the Chūbu region of Japan. It was established around the Hida Mountains and encompasses parts of Nagano, Gifu, Toyama and Niigata prefectures. It was designated a national park on December 4, 1934, along with Daisetsuzan National Park, Akan National Park, Nikkō National Park, and Aso Kujū National Park.
Song of Songs 6
Song of Songs 6 (abbreviated  as Song 6) is the sixth chapter of the Song of Songs in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book is one of the Five Megillot, a collection of short books, together with Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther, within the Ketuvim, the third and the last part of the Hebrew Bible. Jewish tradition views Solomon as the author of this book (although this is now largely disputed), and this attribution influences the acceptance of this book as a canonical text. This chapter contains a dialogue between the daughters of Jerusalem and the woman about the man, followed by the man's descriptive poem of the woman, ending with a collective call to the woman to return.

Song of Songs 1
Song of Songs 1 (abbreviated  as Song 1) is the first chapter of the "Song of Songs" or "Song of Solomon", a book of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book is one of the Five Megillot, a group of short books, together with Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther, within the Ketuvim, the third and the final section of the Hebrew Bible. Jewish tradition views Solomon as the author of this book (although this is now largely disputed), and this attribution influences the acceptance of this book as a canonical text. Song of Songs 1 contains the book's superscription, songs of the main female characters, and the opening song of the male character.
Somers Nunatak
Somers Nunatak (67°28′S 67°16′W﻿ / ﻿67.467°S 67.267°W﻿ / -67.467; -67.267) is a nunatak rising to about 600 m on the west edge of Reid Glacier, Arrowsmith Peninsula, Loubet Coast. The feature provides a useful vantage point near several geological localities. Following geological work in the area by British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1980–81, named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after Geoff Somers, BAS general assistant at Rothera Station, 1978–81, who assisted in the work.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Somers Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Arrowsmith Peninsula
Arrowsmith Peninsula (67°15′S 67°15′W﻿ / ﻿67.250°S 67.250°W﻿ / -67.250; -67.250) is a cape about 40 miles (64 km) long on the west coast of Graham Land, west of Forel Glacier, Sharp Glacier and Lallemand Fjord, and northwest of Bourgeois Fjord, with Hanusse Bay lying to the northwest. It was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955-58 and named for Edwin Porter Arrowsmith, Governor of the Falkland Islands.
South Carolina Highway 126
South Carolina Highway 126 (SC 126) is a 4.200-mile (6.759 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It directly links Belvedere with Clearwater, with a small portion in North Augusta.

North Augusta, South Carolina
North Augusta is a city in Aiken and Edgefield counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina, on the north bank of the Savannah River. It lies directly across the river, and state border, from Augusta, Georgia. The population was 24,379 at the 2020 census, making it the 21st-most populous city in South Carolina. The city is included in the Central Savannah River Area (CSRA) and is part of the Augusta, Georgia, metropolitan area.
S. Sundararaj
S. Sundararaj is an Indian politician and member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Paramakudi constituency. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Jayalalitha) candidate in the 1989 and 1991 elections. He is the former minister for Youth Welfare and Sports Development of the government of Tamil Nadu.

A cabinet reshuffle by Jayaram Jayalalithaa in November 2011 saw Sundararaj replace B. V. Ramanaa as Minister for Handlooms, while Ramanaa became Minister for the Environment.

He was criticized for humiliating female hockey players during a visit to a school in Pudukottai.

B. V. Ramanaa
B. V. Ramanaa (born 8 May 1967) is an Indian politician who was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Thiruvallur constituency. He represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.

Ramanaa was appointed Minister for Handlooms and in November 2011 a cabinet reshuffle by Jayalalithaa resulted in him replacing T. K. M. Chinnayya as Minister for the Environment, with S. Sundararaj taking over the Handlooms portfolio. As a Minister, he handled the portfolios for Commercial Taxes and Registration, Revenue and Milk & Dairy Development in the Government of Tamil Nadu.

During the elections of 2016, he did not contest as seat was not given to him resulted in constituency being won by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's V. G. Raajendran. In 2021 he contested and lost in Thiruvallur constituency by 22207 votes to VGR of DMK.
Greg Comella
Gregory F. Comella (born July 29, 1975, in Wellesley, Massachusetts) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Stanford Cardinal.

Xaverian Brothers High School
Xaverian Brothers High School (XBHS)  is a private, Catholic secondary school for boys in grades 7 to 12. Founded in 1963 by the Xaverian Brothers, it is located within a 36-acre (150,000 m2) campus in Westwood, Massachusetts. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston.  Xaverian is sponsored by the Xaverian Brothers religious order and offers a college preparatory program. The school attracts students from more than 60 communities in eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
Teschen District
Teschen District (German: Politischer Bezirk Teschen, Czech: Politický okres Těšín, Polish: Powiat polityczny Cieszyn) was a political district (equivalent to okres in the Czech Republic and powiat in Poland) in Austrian Silesia of the Austrian Empire (and since 1867 of Austria-Hungary) existing between 1850–1855 and 1868–1920. Its administrative center was the city of Teschen (now Cieszyn, Poland and Český Těšín, Czech Republic).

Austrian Silesia
Austrian Silesia, officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia, was an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Habsburg monarchy (from 1804 the Austrian Empire, and from 1867 the Cisleithanian portion of Austria-Hungary). It is largely coterminous with the present-day region of Czech Silesia (with a smaller part in Poland) and was, historically, part of the larger Silesia region.
Carswell Manor
Carswell Manor is a Jacobean country house at Carswell in the civil parish of Buckland in the English county of Oxfordshire (formerly in Berkshire). It is just north of the A420 road between Swindon and Oxford.

John Southby (1594–1683)
John Southby (1594–1683) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1654 to 1656.

Southby was the son of Richard Southby of Carswell Manor in the parish of Buckland in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) and his wife, Jane, the daughter of Edward Keate of Lockinge in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). His father died when he was twelve and he inherited the manor which he is considered responsible for rebuilding in the first half of the 17th century. He was a Justice of the Peace for Berkshire and was High Sheriff of Berkshire in 1647.

In 1654, Southby was elected Member of Parliament for Berkshire in the First Protectorate Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Berkshire in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament

Southby married Elizabeth Wiseman daughter and heiress of William Wiseman of Steventon in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). Their son Richard was also an MP.
Marlow F.C.
Marlow Football Club is a football club based in Marlow, Buckinghamshire, England. They are currently members of the Southern League Division One Central and play at the Alfred Davis Memorial Ground. Marlow are the only football club in England to have applied for entry into the FA Cup every season since its inception in 1871.

Marlow, Buckinghamshire
Marlow (/ˈmɑːrloʊ/ MAR-loh), historically Great Marlow or Chipping Marlow, is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in Buckinghamshire, England, 4 miles (6 km) south-southwest of High Wycombe, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Maidenhead and 33 miles (53 km) west of central London.
Compagnie générale française des transports et entreprises
The Compagnie générale française des transports et entreprises (English approximation: General Company of French Transport and Businesses), commonly known by the initialism CGFTE, was a company which managed public transportation networks in several French cities, including Bordeaux (TBC), Nancy (Stan ), Rouen (TCAR) and Chambéry (Stac). It was formed in 1953 from Compagnie Générale Française de Tramways (CGFT), which was created in 1875.

It was acquired by Compagnie Générale des Eaux (CGE) in 1980, and later absorbed into CGE subsidiary CGEA Transport. CGEA Transport later became Connex in 1999, then Veolia Transport in 2005, and is now part of the Transdev group. In 2003, Vivendi Environnement was renamed to Veolia Environnement.

Veolia Transport
Veolia Transport (formerly Connex and CGEA Transport) was the international transport services division of the French-based multinational company Veolia until the 2011 merger that gave rise to Veolia Transdev, later renamed Transdev. Veolia Transport traded under the brand names of Veolia Transportation in North America and Israel, Veolia Transport, Veolia Verkehr in Germany and with the former name Connex preserved in Lebanon, Melbourne (until it ceased operations in 2009) and Jersey (until it ceased operations on 31 December 2012) .

Until 2011, Veolia had diverse road and rail operations across the globe, employing 72,000 workers worldwide and serving completely or partly about 40 metropolitan areas with more than 1,000,000 inhabitants.
Vladimir Bazarov
Vladimir Alexandrovich Bazarov (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович База́ров; 8 August [O. S. 27 July] 1874 – 16 September 1939) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, journalist, philosopher, and economist. Born as Vladimir Alexandrovich Rudnev, Bazarov is best remembered as a pioneer in the development of economic planning in the Soviet Union. He was one of the Russian Machists, as Lenin dubbed the term, and was a close friend to Alexander Bogdanov.

Novaya Zhizn (Mensheviks)
Novaya Zhizn (Russian: Новая жизнь, New Life) was a daily newspaper published by a group of Mensheviks associated with the literary magazine Letopis, including Nikolai Sukhanov, Vladimir Bazarov, Stroev, Denitsky and  A. N. Tikhonov. It was published in Petrograd from  18 April (1 May) 1917 until 16 July 1918 (with a total of 354 issues) and then in Moscow from June to July 1918, when it was closed down. The most known contributor was Maxim Gorky. The Swedish correspondent of the newspaper was Paul Olberg. Its run was interrupted in September 1917, when publication was suspended on the orders of the Russian Provisional Government. Before the October Revolution, Bolshevik leaders Zinoviev and Kamenev published their opposition in this newspaper, leaking the news and jeopardizing the coup d'etat. This move was later used against them by Stalin.

It should not be confused with the Bolsheviks' paper Novaya Zhizn, which was published for two months in 1905.
Jakob Böhme
Jakob Böhme (/ˈbeɪmə, ˈboʊ-/; German: [ˈbøːmə]; 24 April 1575 – 17 November 1624) was a German philosopher, Christian mystic, and Lutheran Protestant theologian. He was considered an original thinker by many of his contemporaries within the Lutheran tradition, and his first book, commonly known as Aurora, caused a great scandal. In contemporary English, his name may be spelled Jacob Boehme (retaining the older German spelling); in seventeenth-century England it was also spelled Behmen, approximating the contemporary English pronunciation of the German Böhme.

Böhme had a profound influence on later philosophical movements such as German idealism and German Romanticism. Hegel described Böhme as "the first German philosopher".

Franz Xaver von Baader
Franz von Baader (27 March 1765 – 23 May 1841), born Benedikt Franz Xaver Baader, was a Catholic theologian, philosopher, and mining engineer from Germany. Resisting the empiricism of his day, he denounced most Western philosophy since Descartes as trending into atheism and has been considered a revival of the Scholastic school. He was an important theorist of androgyny.

He was one of the most influential theologians of his age but his influence on subsequent philosophy has been less marked, and tends to be submerged into the esoteric discussions of later thinkers rather than cited explicitly in major publications. Today Baader is thought to have re-introduced theological engagement with Meister Eckhart into academia and even Christianity and Theosophy more generally.
Pierre Sterlé
Pierre Sterlé (1905–1978) was a French jewellery designer, known as the "couturier of jewellery".

Considered during his lifetime to have been an inspired innovator, he reached his apogee in the 1940s and 1950s.  His work with precious stones and metal – often inspired by nature – still commands strong interest at auction.

Chaumet
Chaumet (French: [ʃo.mɛ]) is a French luxury jewellery and watch house based in Paris.

Chaumet is a jewellery and watchmaking designer founded in 1780 by Marie-Étienne Nitot. Fourteen artisans ply their trade in the workshop on Place Vendôme under the direction of foreman Benoit Verhulle. Since 1999, it has been part of the luxury goods portfolio LVMH.
Chuvanay Range
The Chuvanay Range (Russian: Чуванайские Горы), also known as Chuvan Mountains (Чуванский хребет), is a range of mountains in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russian Far East. Administratively the range is part of Bilibino District.

The village of Keperveyem is located at the feet of the range in its northwestern end, on the other side of the Maly Anyuy River. Bilibino is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) further to the north.

Bilibino
Bilibino (Russian: Били́бино) is a town and the administrative center of Bilibinsky District in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located 625 kilometers (388 mi) northwest of Anadyr, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. It is the second largest town in the autonomous okrug after Anadyr. Population: 5,546 (2021 census); 5,506 (2010 census); 6,181 (2002 census); 15,558 (1989 Soviet census).