hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indians in Panama
There are an estimated 15,000 people of Indian origin in Panama. Many are employed in the shipping industry while others are mainly engaged in commerce. A majority are Hindu, with a substantial Muslim and Sikh minority, and they maintain Hindu temples, gurdwaras, and mosques in Panama City and Colón.

The majority of Panama's Indian community originates from Punjab, Gujarat, and Sindh (now a part of Pakistan). The first significant immigration was during the US phase of the building of the Panama Canal and were primarily from the Caribbean (islands and British Guiana, now Guyana) under British rule. Many of the founders of the Colón Free Zone were Indians. Since then, the Indian community has grown with a slow but steady stream of immigrants.

Panamanians of Indian descent speak their native languages which include Punjabi, Gujarati, and Sindhi. Spanish is also used in the community between speakers of two languages that are not mutually intelligible.

Colón, Panama
Colón (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlon]) is a city and seaport in Panama, beside the Caribbean Sea, lying near the Atlantic entrance to the Panama Canal. It is the capital of Panama's Colón Province and has traditionally been known as Panama's second city. City proper located entirely on Manzanillo Peninsula (former island), surrounded by Limon Bay, Manzanillo Bay, and the Folks River. Since the disestablishment of the Panama Canal Zone, suburban corregimiento of Cristobal to include Fort Gulick, a former U.S. Army base, as well as the towns of Cristobal and Margarita; and recent corregimiento of Cristóbal Este now include the town of Coco Solo.
Surcouf (opéra comique)
Surcouf is a French opéra comique in three acts and a prologue, music by Robert Planquette, libretto by Henri Chivot and Alfred Duru, premiered on 6 October 1887 at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques in Paris. It ran for a modestly successful 96 performances.

An English version was given in London at the Prince of Wales Theatre in January 1889, under the title Paul Jones, in an adaptation by H. B. Farnie. This version did better at the box-office than the original Paris production, running in the West End for most of 1889, and being staged subsequently around the British Isles and in Australia and the US.

Alfred Duru
Henri Alfred Duru (22 November 1829 – 28 December 1889) was a 19th-century French playwright and operetta librettist who collaborated on more than 40 librettos for the leading French composers of operetta: Hervé, Offenbach, Lecocq and Audran.
Stella Fregelius
Stella Fregelius: A Tale of Three Destinies is a 1904 novel by the British writer H. Rider Haggard about a young inventor who falls in love with a mysterious stranger while he is engaged to another woman. As a novelist, Haggard is known primarily for his adventure novels. Among his most widely read and critically acclaimed novels are King Solomon's Mines, Allan Quatermain and She. After his publication of She, Haggard wrote at least one novel a year every year until his death in 1925.

H. Rider Haggard
Sir Henry Rider Haggard KBE (/ˈhæɡərd/; 22 June 1856 – 14 May 1925) was an English writer of adventure fiction romances set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a pioneer of the lost world literary genre. He was also involved in land reform throughout the British Empire. His stories, situated at the lighter end of Victorian literature and including the eighteen Allan Quatermain stories beginning with King Solomon's Mines, continue to be popular and influential.
National Airlines (1934–1980)
National Airlines was a trunk carrier, a scheduled airline in the United States that operated from 1934 until it merged with Pan Am in 1980. For most of its existence the company was headquartered at Miami International Airport, Florida. At its height, National Airlines had a network of "Coast-to-Coast-to-Coast" flights, linking Florida and Gulf Coast destinations such as New Orleans and Houston with cities along the East Coast as far north as Boston as well as with large cities on the West Coast including Los Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle. From 1970 to 1978, National, Braniff International Airways, Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) and Trans World Airlines (TWA) were the only U.S. airlines permitted to operate scheduled passenger flights to Europe.

Douglas DC-4
The Douglas DC-4 is an American four-engined (piston), propeller-driven airliner developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Military versions of the plane, the C-54 and R5D, served during World War II, in the Berlin Airlift and into the 1960s. From 1945, many civil airlines operated the DC-4 worldwide.
Round Lake (Ontario)
Round Lake is a lake located in Killaloe, Hagarty and Richards Township, Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada. The Bonnechere River flows into the lake in the northwest and flows out of the lake at the southeast.

There are two provincial parks on the lake, Bonnechere Provincial Park on the northwestern shore and Foy Provincial Park on the eastern shore.

In the mid-1920s Hydro constructed a dam on the Bonnechere River downstream from the lake and upstream from the Tramore bridge at 45°37′13″N 77°27′36″W﻿ / ﻿45.62028°N 77.46000°W﻿ / 45.62028; -77.46000 (opposite side of the lake from Round Lake Resort) and flooded the land around the lake. The edge of the lake before the rise in water level was about 75 yards out from our present shore.

Round Lake is the first major lake in the course of the Bonnechere River which begins at Mckaskill Lake in Algonquin Park to the north, and passes through Golden Lake, Eganville, Douglas and Renfrew before emptying into the Ottawa River near Castleford.

Killaloe, Hagarty and Richards
Killaloe, Hagarty and Richards is an incorporated township in Renfrew County in eastern Ontario, Canada, created on July 1, 2000, as a result of an amalgamation of the Township of Hagarty and Richards with the Village of Killaloe.
Grande Prêmio Derby Paulista
The Grande Prêmio Derby Paulista is a Group 1 flat horse race in Brazil open to three-year-old colts run over a distance of 2400 metres (1.5 mi) on the turf at Hipódromo de Cidade Jardim in São Paulo. It is the third and final leg of the São Paulo Triple Crown.

Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, is a series of horse races for Thoroughbreds, often restricted to three-year-olds. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th-century England and nations where Thoroughbred racing is popular, each having their own Triple Crown series.
Cedar Crest (mansion)
The Kansas Governor's Residence, also known as Cedar Crest, is the official residence of the governor of Kansas. Built in 1928 and bequeathed to the state in 1955, it became the governor's residence in 1962.

Official residence
An official residence is a residence designated by an authority and assigned to an official (such as a head of state, head of government, governor, or other senior figures), and may be the same place where the office holder conducts their work functions or lives.
The Impatient Years
The Impatient Years is a 1944 romance film made by Columbia Pictures, directed by Irving Cummings, and written by Virginia Van Upp.

This was the final film Jean Arthur owed Columbia as part of her long contract which included periods of fights with studio boss Harry Cohn and resulted in a number of suspensions.  Arthur was known to be thrilled her contract was over.

Lee Bowman
Lee Bowman (December 28, 1914 – December 25, 1979) was an American film and television actor. According to one obituary, "his roles ranged from romantic lead to worldly, wisecracking lout in his most famous years".
Marcella Rovena
Marcella Rovena (22 January 1905 – 6 October 1991) was an Italian film and voice actress. Born in Conegliano, she started her career on the big screen in 1932 with director Nunzio Malasomma in the film La telefonista.

The Telephone Operator (1932 film)
The Telephone Operator (Italian: La telefonista) is a 1932 Italian comedy film directed by Nunzio Malasomma and starring Isa Pola, Mimì Aylmer and Luigi Cimara. It was a remake of the German film Wrong Number, Miss, released the same year.

The future star María Denis had a small role in the film.
Restless Heart (Peter Cetera song)
"Restless Heart" is a song by American singer Peter Cetera, written by Cetera and Andy Hill and released from the album World Falling Down in 1992. "Restless Heart" was Cetera's final of five number-one hits on the US Adult Contemporary chart, spending two weeks at the top. It was also his final top-40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number 35. The music video for the song was added to VH1 rotation in early August, 1992.

Andy Hill (composer)
Andrew Gerard Hill (born 1957) is an English record producer and songwriter who worked with Bucks Fizz and Celine Dion during the 1980s and 1990s.

On many of his compositions he was partnered by lyricist Peter Sinfield, who had formerly worked with King Crimson. He has been nominated for an Ivor Novello Award on seven occasions, and has won the award twice in the category "Best Song Musically and Lyrically" and once for "Songwriter of the Year". He also composed the winning song in the 1981 Eurovision Song Contest.
Sieve (mail filtering language)
Sieve is a programming language that can be used for email filtering. It owes its creation to the CMU Cyrus Project, creators of Cyrus IMAP server.

The language is not tied to any particular operating system or mail architecture. It requires the use of RFC-2822–compliant messages, but otherwise generalizes to other systems that meet these criteria. The current version of Sieve's base specification is outlined in RFC 5228, published in January 2008.

Procmail
procmail is an email server software component — specifically, a message delivery agent (MDA).  It was one of the earliest mail filter programs.  It is typically used in Unix-like mail systems, using the mbox and Maildir storage formats.

procmail was first developed in 1990, by Stephen R. van den Berg.  Philip Guenther took over maintainership for a number of years, but relinquished the role in 2014.  The software remained unmaintained for several years, and was believed to be defunct.  In 2020 May, Stephen van den Berg resumed maintenance again.  The program has since seen multiple releases and bug-fixes.
Elobey Grande
Elobey Grande, or Great Elobey, is an island of Equatorial Guinea, lying at the mouth of the Mitémélé River. It is sparsely inhabited. Elobey Chico is a smaller island offshore, now uninhabited but once the colonial capital of the Río Muni. The island is located in the Gulf of Guinea.

Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea (French: Golfe de Guinée; Spanish: Golfo de Guinea; Portuguese: Golfo da Guiné) is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. Null Island, defined as the intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude), is in the gulf.

Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.
Ya'an
30°00′36″N 103°02′29″E﻿ / ﻿30.0100°N 103.0415°E﻿ / 30.0100; 103.0415

Ya'an (Chinese: 雅安; pinyin: Yǎ'ān; Wade–Giles: Ya-an) is a prefecture-level city in the western part of Sichuan province, China, located just below the Tibetan Plateau. The city is home to Sichuan Agricultural University, the only 211 Project university and the largest regional comprehensive university in Ya'an. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Ya'an has a population of 1,434,603.

Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the government of China for "preparing approximately 100 universities for the 21st century", initiated in November 1995. There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2015, under the Xi Jinping administration.
1991 Kosovan independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in Kosovo, then known as the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo between 26 and 30 September 1991. The Provincial Assembly, which had been dissolved in 1989 by Serbian authorities but whose Albanian members continued to meet underground, declared the Republic of Kosova a sovereign and independent state on 22 September 1991. Over 99% of voters voted in favour of independence, with a turnout of 87%. The referendum was boycotted by Serbs living in the region, who comprised around 10% of the population.

Republic of Kosova
The Republic of Kosova (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës), also known as the First Republic of Kosova (Albanian: Republika e Parë e Kosovës), was a self-declared proto-state in Southeast Europe established in 1991. During its peak, it tried to establish its own parallel political institutions in opposition to the institutions of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija held by Yugoslavia's Republic of Serbia.
Japan National Route 22
National Route 22 (国道22号, Kokudō Nijūni-gō) is a national highway connecting Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, and Gifu, Gifu Prefecture in Japan. The route follows the old Minoji, a 17th-century trade route that connected the Nakasendō and the Tōkaidō.

Minoji
The Minoji (美濃路, Mino Road) was a 60 km (37 mi) highway in Japan during the Edo period. It was a secondary route, ranked below the Edo Five Routes in importance, and connected Miya-juku on the Tōkaidō with Tarui-juku on the Nakasendō.

The road received much use before and after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Fukushima Masanori, the leader of the eastern armies, traveled the Minoji from Okoshi (modern-day Ichinomiya) to Mino Province for the battle. Tokugawa Ieyasu, the victor of the battle, traveled the route afterwards to a hero's welcome. It was also referred to as the Kichirei Kaidō (吉例街道).
VDL Nedcar
VDL Nedcar was an automotive manufacturing company in Born, Netherlands. It was the largest automotive factory in the country, with a production capacity of 240,000 vehicles a year. VDL Nedcar was closed in March 2024 because the contract with BMW Group was not renewed.

The company had its origins in a DAF car factory which opened in 1968. It was then owned by Volvo Cars and produced Volvo cars, then in the 1990s also produced Mitsubishi cars after a joint venture with Mitsubishi Motors and the Dutch state. Volvo production ended in 2004 and Mitsubishi in 2012. Dutch industrial conglomerate VDL Groep then owned the factory and produced Mini cars and the BMW X1 (F48) for the BMW Group until the factory's closure in 2024.

Smart Forfour
The Smart Forfour (stylized as "smart forfour") is a city car (A-segment) marketed by Smart over two generations. The first generation was marketed in Europe from 2003 to 2006 with a front-engine configuration, sharing its platform with the Mitsubishi Colt. The second generation was marketed in Europe from 2014 after an eight-year hiatus, using rear-engine or rear electric motor configurations. It is based on the third-generation Renault Twingo, which also forms a basis for the third-generation Smart Fortwo. A battery electric version was marketed as the EQ Forfour beginning in 2018.

The petrol-powered Forfour was discontinued in 2019 as production of all Smart internal combustion models ended at that time. Production of the EQ Forfour ended in 2021. It was indirectly replaced by the larger Smart #1 crossover.
Kim Da-rae
Kim Da-Rae (born 3 February 1987, in Seoul) is a South Korean field hockey player. At the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics she competed with the Korea women's national field hockey team in the women's tournament. She competed at the 2010 and 2010 Asian Games.

She won a gold medal as a member of the South Korean team at 2014 Asian Games.

Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's field hockey tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was the 9th edition of the field hockey event for women at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a thirteen-day period beginning on 29 July, and culminating with the medal finals on 10 August. All games were played at the Riverbank Arena within the Olympic Park in London, United Kingdom.

Defending champions the Netherlands won the gold medal for the third time after defeating Argentina 2–0 in the final. Great Britain won the bronze medal by defeating New Zealand 3–1.
COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana
The COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first two cases in Ghana were confirmed on 12 March 2020, when two infected people arrived in Ghana, one from Norway and the other from Turkey.

Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) is a medical research institute located at the University of Ghana in Accra, Ghana. It was founded in 1979 with funds donated by the Japanese government.
Sean Eddy
Sean Roberts Eddy is a professor of molecular and cellular biology and of applied mathematics at Harvard University. Previously he was based at the Janelia Research Campus from 2006 to 2015 in Virginia. His research interests are in bioinformatics, computational biology and biological sequence analysis. As of 2016 projects include the use of Hidden Markov models in HMMER, Infernal Pfam and Rfam.

Pfam
Pfam is a database of protein families that includes their annotations and multiple sequence alignments generated using hidden Markov models. The latest version of Pfam, 37.0, was released in June 2024 and contains 21,979 families. It is currently provided through InterPro website.
Levone
Levone is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Turin.

The first recorded document mentioning Levone dates back to 1197.

Levone borders the following municipalities: Forno Canavese, Rivara, Rocca Canavese, and Barbania.

Rocca Canavese
Rocca Canavese is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Turin.

Rocca Canavese borders the following municipalities: Corio, Forno Canavese, Levone, Barbania, Vauda Canavese, Nole and San Carlo Canavese. Sights include the Santa Croce Chapel, with 15th-16th centuries frescoes, and remains of the Rocca (castle)
Monterey station
Monterey station was a train station in Monterey, California located close to Fisherman's Wharf. Originally served by the Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad, the line was purchased by Southern Pacific on September 29, 1879. The Monterey and Pacific Grove Railway opened a streetcar extension to the station in 1892, providing local connections until about 1923. Southern Pacific constructed a new station building in 1921. Train service ended with the cancellation of the Del Monte after April 30, 1971, when Amtrak took over passenger rail services in the United States.

The depot was converted to retail space, and is occupied by a brewpub as of 2019.

Restoration of service along the Monterey Branch Line was studied in the 1984–89 Caltrans passenger rail development plan. Later suggestions call for establishment of light rail service along the Monterey Branch Line, but the Monterey stop is planned to be located at the Custom House Plaza.

Streetcars in Monterey
The streetcar system of Monterey, California, operated between 1891 and 1923. It started as a horsecar line before being electrified in the early 1900s and expanded to its largest extent in the 1910s. Lines extended from Pacific Grove in the east to Del Monte Heights in the east.
Anne Mandall Johnson
Dame Anne Mandall Johnson DBE FMedSci (born 30 January 1954) is a British epidemiologist, known for her work in public health, especially the areas of HIV, sexually transmitted infections and infectious diseases.

Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
The Academy of Medical Sciences is an organisation established in the UK in 1998. It is one of the four UK National Academies, the others being the British Academy, the Royal Academy of Engineering and the Royal Society.

Its mission is to advance biomedical and health research and its translation into benefits for society. The Academy consists of a group of around 1,400 Fellows elected from fields across the biomedical sciences. The Academy seeks ultimately to advance medical science and improve health by investing in talented researchers, engaging people on health-related issues and providing expert impartial advice. As of April 2024 its president is Professor Andrew Morris CBE FRSE PMedSci, and Vice President is Shakila Thangaratinam.
William Playfair
William Playfair (22 September 1759 – 11 February 1823) was a Scottish engineer and political economist. The founder of graphical methods of statistics, Playfair invented several types of diagrams: in 1786 he introduced the line, area and bar chart of economic data, and in 1801 he published what were likely the first pie chart and circle graph, used to show part-whole relations. Playfair has been reported to have been a secret agent for the British Government, although this has sometimes been a subject of controversy.

Howard Wainer
Howard Charles Wainer (born October 26, 1943) is an American statistician, past principal research scientist at the Educational Testing Service,  adjunct professor of statistics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and author, known for his contributions in the fields of statistics, psychometrics, and statistical graphics.
BBC Sessions (Cream album)
BBC Sessions is a live album by the British rock band Cream, released on 25 May 2003 on Polydor Records. It contains 22 tracks and 4 interviews recorded live at the BBC studios in London.

Between 21 October 1966 and 9 January 1968, Cream recorded eight sessions for the BBC radio network, selected highlights from seven of which are featured in chronological order on this collection.

Only the versions of "Steppin' Out" and "Lawdy Mama" had been previously released, although both were released on Eric Clapton's Crossroads box set, not by the band itself.

BBC Sessions was later included as the third disc in the "limited edition box set" release of Cream's 2005 compilation album I Feel Free – Ultimate Cream (also known as Gold).

Steppin' Out (instrumental)
"Steppin' Out" (or sometimes "Stepping Out") is a blues-instrumental composition recorded by American blues musician Memphis Slim in 1959.  It was released by Vee-Jay Records as a single and on Slim's At the Gate of the Horn album.  Although both releases list L. C. Frazier (another of Memphis Slim/Peter Chatman's pseudonyms) as the writer, Vee-Jay owner James Bracken is often credited on versions by other performers.

Memphis Slim's piano provides the opening harmony part, followed by a tenor sax solo and guitar solo by long-time Slim guitarist Matt Murphy.  AllMusic critic Bill Dahl calls Murphy's album contribution as "nothing short of spectacular throughout".  A live version recorded in 1986 appears on the Steppin' Out: Live At Ronnie Scott's, London album and video.