hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yugo-class submarine
The Yugo-class submarine is a class of four midget submarines used primarily for infiltration and espionage by North Korea. The Yugo class was given its name because it was built to plans supplied to North Korea by Yugoslavia in 1965.

Midget submarine
A midget submarine is any submarine under 150 tons, typically operated by a crew of one or two but sometimes up to six or nine, with little or no on-board living accommodation. They normally work with mother ships, from which they are launched and recovered and which provide living accommodation for the crew and support staff.

Both military and civilian midget submarines have been built. Military types work with surface ships and other submarines as mother ships. Civilian and non-combatant military types are generally called submersibles and normally work with surface ships. Most early submarines would now be considered midget submarines, such as the United States Navy's USS Holland (SS-1) and the British Royal Navy's HMS Holland 1 (both named for the same designer).
Coltharp, Texas
Coltharp was an unincorporated area in Houston County, Texas, United States.  It was located on the Cochino Bayou, 20 miles east of Crockett, roughly where the intersection of Farm to Market Road 513 and Forest Service Road 521 A is located.

Houston County, Texas
Houston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,066. Its county seat is Crockett. Houston County was one of 46 entirely dry counties in the state of Texas, until voters in a November 2007 special election legalized the sale of alcohol in the county.

Houston County was the first new county created under the nine-year Republic of Texas on June 12, 1837. The original boundaries of Houston County also included all of present-day Anderson and Trinity Counties, and portions of present-day Henderson and Polk Counties.

The county is named for Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas and Governor of Texas. Other than being named for the same person, Houston County is not related to the City of Houston, which is located about 100 mi (160 km) to the south, in Harris County.
Dimensions of globalization
Globalization has been said to have several main dimensions.

Manfred Steger, professor of Global Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa argues that globalization has four main dimensions: economic, political, cultural, and ecological, with ideological aspects of each category. David Held's book Global Transformations is organized around the same dimensions, though the ecological is not listed in the title. This set of categories relates to the four-domain approach of circles of social life, and Circles of Sustainability.

Steger compares the current study of globalization to the ancient Buddhist parable of blind scholars and their first encounter with an elephant. Similar to the blind scholars, some globalization scholars are too focused on compacting globalization into a singular process and clashes over “which aspect of social life constitutes its primary domain” prevail.

Political globalization
Political globalization is the growth of the worldwide political system, both in size and complexity. That system includes national governments, their governmental and intergovernmental organizations as well as government-independent elements of global civil society such as international non-governmental organizations and social movement organizations. One of the key aspects of political globalization is the declining importance of the nation-state and the rise of other actors on the political scene. The creation and existence of the United Nations is called one of the classic examples of political globalization.

Political globalization is one of the three main dimensions of globalization commonly found in academic literature, with the two other being economic globalization and cultural globalization.
Abu Kahf Subdistrict
Abu Kahf Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية أبو كهف)  is a subdistrict of Manbij District in Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. Administrative centre is the village Abu Kahf.

The subdistrict was formed in 2009, when the southern part of Manbij Subdistrict was split apart. At the 2004 census, the villages of the subdistrict had a total population of 19,964.

Manbij District
Manbij District (Arabic: منطقة منبج, romanized: manṭiqat Manbiǧ) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Manbij. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 408,143.

A 2019 report has estimated the population of Manbij district at 450,000 with 80% of the population being Arab, 15% Kurdish and 5% Turkmen and Circassian.
New Jersey Meadowlands Commission
The New Jersey Meadowlands Commission (NJMC; formerly the Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission) was a regional zoning, planning and regulatory agency in northern New Jersey. Its founding mandates were to protect the delicate balance of nature, provide for orderly development, and manage solid waste activities in the New Jersey Meadowlands District. The Commission operated as an independent state agency between 1969 and 2015, loosely affiliated with the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. In 2015 NJMC was merged with the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority (NJSEA) through legislative action.

Secaucus, New Jersey
Secaucus (/ˈsiːkɔːkəs/ SEE-kaw-kəs) is a town in Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 22,181, an increase of 5,917 (+36.4%) from the 2010 census count of 16,264, which in turn reflected an increase of 333 (+2.1%) from the 15,931 counted in the 2000 census.

Located within the New Jersey Meadowlands, it is the most suburban of the county's municipalities, though large parts of the town are dedicated to light manufacturing, retail, and transportation uses, as well as protected areas.

Secaucus is a derivation of the Algonquian words for "black" (seke or sukit) and "snake" (achgook; perhaps something like /axkuk/), or "place of snakes", or from sekakes, referring to snakes.
Lebogang Maile
Lebogang Isaac Maile (born 26 December 1979) is a South African politician currently serving as Gauteng's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Finance and Economic Development. A member of the African National Congress (ANC), he has served in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature since May 2009 and in the Gauteng Executive Council since 2010.

Maile is a former president of the Congress of South African Students and chaired the Gauteng branch of the ANC Youth League from 2010 to 2013. In subsequent years he held the portfolios of MEC for Sports, Arts, Culture and Recreation from November 2010 to May 2014; MEC for Economic Development from May 2014 to May 2019; and MEC for Human Settlements, Urban Planning and Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs from May 2019 until October 2022, when he was appointed MEC for Human Settlements and Infrastructure Development. In July 2024, he became the MEC for Finance and Economic Development.

Provincial Executive Committees of the African National Congress
The Provincial Executive Committees (PECs) of the African National Congress (ANC) are the chief executive organs of the party's nine provincial branches. Comprising the so-called “Top Five” provincial officials and up to 30 additional elected members, each is structured similarly to the party's National Executive Committee (NEC) and is elected every four years at party provincial conferences.

The “Top Five” officials at the head of each PEC are the ANC Provincial Chairperson, the political leader of the party in the province; the ANC Provincial Secretary, a full-time party functionary; their respective deputies; and the Provincial Treasurer. With some notable exceptions, especially under President Thabo Mbeki, the Provincial Chairperson often becomes the ANC's candidate for election as Premier in the corresponding provincial government, and other members of the PEC are often appointed to the provincial cabinet as Members of the Executive Council.
Malcolm Pasley
Sir John Malcolm Sabine Pasley, 5th Baronet, FBA (5 April 1926 – 4 March 2004), also known as Malcolm Pasley, was an eminent British philologist and literary scholar.

At University of Oxford, Pasley became the foremost authority of his generation on German literature, particularly well known for his dedication to and publication of the works of Franz Kafka.

Pasley baronets
The Pasley Baronetcy, of Craig in the County of Dumfries, is a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 1 September 1794 for the prominent Scottish naval commander Thomas Pasley, with remainder to the male issue of his daughters. On his death in 1808 he was succeeded according to the special remainder by his grandson Thomas Sabine, who the following year assumed by Royal Licence the surname of Pasley in lieu of his patronymic; he was also a distinguished naval commander. The fifth Baronet was a literary scholar. The family surname is pronounced "Paisley".
Chaurigau
Chaurigau चौरीगाउँ is a small village of Khar VDC of Darchula District of Sudurpashchim Province Nepal. Chaurigau commonly known as Chaukhutte shares border with Dallekh village in the Western and Kaknadi, Godhani, and Ubdhaar in the Eastern, Southern and Northern respectively.

27°21′N 85°37′E﻿ / ﻿27.350°N 85.617°E﻿ / 27.350; 85.617

Khar, Nepal
Khar (Nepali: खार) is a village development committee (VDC) of Darchula District in the Mahakali Zone  of Far-Western Development Region, Nepal. Geographically khar is located 29.79 N and 80.64 E, its nearest border to the district headquarters is Dallekh which is 10- 12 kilometer north east to the Darchula.  The Khar VDC is surrounded by Sipti and Dhuligada VDC to  the East and South, Katai to the West, and Eyarkot to the North. According to national census 2011 khar VDC has total population 4,272 (2,056 male and 2,216 female) residing 698 households.
Battle of Magetobriga
The Battle of Magetobriga (Amagetobria, Magetobria, Mageto'Bria, Admageto'Bria) was fought in 63 BC between rival tribes in Gaul.  The Aedui tribe was defeated and massacred by the combined forces of their hereditary rivals, the Sequani and Arverni tribes. To secure their victory, the Sequani and Arverni enlisted the aid of the Germanic Suebi tribe led by its king Ariovistus, who would subsequently make increasingly imposing demands upon his Gallic allies. Following their defeat, the Aedui sent envoys to the Roman Senate, their traditional ally, seeking aid. The Roman general Julius Caesar would use the Aedui’s entreaties and Ariovistus’ oppression as pretexts for launching his conquest of Gaul.

Diviciacus (Aedui)
Diviciacus or Divitiacus was a druid of the Aedui tribe who lived in Gaul during the 1st century BC. He is the only druid from antiquity whose existence is attested by name. The name may mean "avenger". His date of birth is unknown, though he was an adult during the late 60s BC, and an aristocrat who took part in the clans' decision-making, as described by Julius Caesar in Caesar's The Gallic War.

Diviciacus supported the Aedui's pre-existing alliance with Rome. He was a leader of the pro-Roman faction, and would ultimately aid Julius Caesar in his conquest of Gaul. However, his younger brother Dumnorix was a leader of the tribe’s anti-Roman faction; who “...thought it better to be dominated by their fellow Gauls... rather than the Romans.”. Dumnorix would secretly work to undermine Caesar’s and Diviciacus’ efforts in Gaul. Both brothers appear in Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic War.
Michael Boapeah
Michael Boapeah (born January 1, 2000) is a Ghanaian-Dutch kickboxer, currently competing in the middleweight division of Glory. He previously competed for Golden Fighter Championship and Colosseum Tournament. As of 1 May 2025, Boapeah is ranked the #2 middleweight in the world.

2025 in Glory
The year 2025 is the 14th year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing promotion.

The numbered Glory events are broadcast on various services such as DAZN, Viaplay, Go3 and Pro Arena. Glory Underground events are streamed for free on youtube.
Hor-Aha
Hor-Aha (or Aha or Horus Aha; fl. c. 3085 BC) is considered the second pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt by most Egyptologists, while others consider him the first one and corresponding to Menes. He lived around the 31st century BC and is thought to have had a long reign.

Ancient Egyptian retainer sacrifices
Ancient Egyptian retainer sacrifice is a type of human sacrifice in which pharaohs and occasionally other high court nobility would have servants killed after the pharaohs' deaths to continue to serve them in the afterlife. In Egypt, retainer sacrifice only existed during the First Dynasty, from about 3100 BC to 2900 BC, slowly dwindling, and eventually dying out.
Palace Theater (Gary, Indiana)
The Palace Theater is a 1925 movie theater, now closed, located at 791 Broadway in Gary, Indiana, in the city's Emerson neighborhood. It was designed by the prominent movie palace architect John Eberson.

John Eberson
John Adolph Emil Eberson (January 2, 1875 – March 5, 1954) was an Austrian-American architect best known for the development and promotion of movie palace designs in the atmospheric theatre style. He designed over 500 theatres in his lifetime, earning the nickname "Opera House John". His most notable surviving theatres in the United States include the Tampa Theatre (1926), Palace Theatre Marion (1928), Palace Theatre Louisville (1928), Majestic Theatre (1929), Akron Civic Theatre (1929), the Paramount Theatre (1929), the State Theater (Kalamazoo, Michigan) 1927, and the Lewis J. Warner Memorial Theater (1932) at Worcester Academy in Worcester, Massachusetts. Remaining international examples in the atmospheric style include both the Capitol Theatre (1928) and State Theatre (1929) in Sydney, Australia, The Forum (1929, Melbourne, Australia) and Le Grand Rex (1932, Paris, France).
Hyde United F.C.
Hyde United Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Hyde, Greater Manchester, England, formed in 1919.

The team's strip is red shirts and black shorts and their home ground is the 4,250 capacity Ewen Fields, known as Project Solar Stadium for sponsorship reasons. Hyde United's record attendance was in 1952 when 7,600 spectators attended a game against Nelson. The club's all-time leading goalscorer is Pete O'Brien who scored 247 goals.

2004–05 Northern Premier League
The 2004–05 Northern Premier League season was the 37th in the history of the Northern Premier League, a football competition in England. Teams were divided into two divisions; the Premier and the First. This was the first Northern Premier League system after the creation of Conference North and Conference South.
Atlantic weasel shark
The Atlantic weasel shark (Paragaleus pectoralis) is a weasel shark of the family Hemigaleidae, found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Also known as the little tiger shark, it is the only species of the genus Paragaleus to have been recorded off the western coast of Africa. It is one of four species of small sharks within the carcharhinoid genus Paragaleus, including Paragaleus leucolomatus (whitetip weasel shark), Paragaleus tengi (straight-tooth weasel shark), and Paragaleus randalli (slender weasel shark). It also one of eight species within the weasel shark family, Hemigaleidae. It is currently considered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as Endangered.

Paragaleus
Paragaleus is a genus of weasel shark in the family Hemigaleidae. This genus has a rounded or slightly pointed snout, short gill slits, and a broadly arched mouth. The upper teeth have long cusps, and no toothless spaces occur at the jaw midlines. The dorsal and pelvic fins and the lower caudal lobe are not falchate in shape. Known fossil species include P. pulchellus and P. antunesi.

Whitetip weasel shark (Paragaleus leucolomatus) Compagno & Smale, 1985 (whitetip weasel shark)

Atlantic weasel shark (Paragaleus pectoralis) (Garman, 1906) (Atlantic weasel shark)

Slender weasel shark (Paragaleus randalli) Compagno, Krupp & K. E. Carpenter, 1996 (slender weasel shark)

Straight-tooth weasel shark (Paragaleus tengi) (J. S. T. F. Chen, 1963) (straight-tooth weasel shark)
Universal library
A universal library is a library with universal collections. This may be expressed in terms of it containing all existing information, useful information, all books, all works (regardless of format) or even all possible works. This ideal, although unrealizable, has influenced and continues to influence librarians and others and be a goal which is aspired to. Universal libraries are often assumed to have a complete set of useful features (such as finding aids, translation tools, alternative formats, etc.).

Million Book Project
The Million Book Project (or the Universal Library) was a book digitization project led by Raj Reddy at Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science and University Libraries from 2001 to 2008. Working with government and research partners in India (Digital Library of India) and China, the project scanned books in many languages, using OCR to enable full text searching, and providing free-to-read access to the books on the web. As of 2007, they have completed the scanning of 1 million books and have made the entire catalog accessible online.
Fjends Municipality
Until 1 January 2007, Fjends municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Viborg County on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 236 km2, and had a total population of 8,152 (2005).  Its last mayor was Svend Aage Jensen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Stoholm.

Fjends municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with Bjerringbro, Karup, Møldrup, Tjele, and Viborg municipalities to form an enlarged Viborg municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 1,390 km2 and a total population of 88,945 (2005).  The municipality belongs to  Region Midtjylland ("Mid-Jutland Region").

Møldrup Municipality
Until 1 January 2007 Møldrup municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in the former Viborg County on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 212 km², and had a total population of 7,670 (2005).  Its last mayor was Gunnar Korsbæk, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Møldrup.

Møldrup municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with Bjerringbro, Fjends, Karup, Tjele, and Viborg municipalities to form an enlarged Viborg municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 1,390 km² and a total population of 88,945 (2005), belonging to the new Region Midtjylland ("Mid-Jutland Region").
The Real Housewives of Potomac season 5
The fifth season of The Real Housewives of Potomac, an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo. It aired from August 2 to December 27, 2020, and is primarily filmed in Potomac, Maryland. Its executive producers are Steven Weinstock, Glenda Hersh, Lauren Eskelin, Lorraine Haughton-Lawson, Thomas Kelly and Andy Cohen. The season focuses on the lives of Gizelle Bryant, Ashley Darby, Robyn Dixon, Karen Huger, Monique Samuels, Candiace Dillard Bassett  and Wendy Osefo.

This season marked the final regular appearance of Monique Samuels.

The Real Housewives of Potomac
The Real Housewives of Potomac, abbreviated RHOP, is an American reality television series that premiered on January 17, 2016, on Bravo. Developed as the eighth installment of The Real Housewives franchise, it has aired ten seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of women living in and around Potomac, Maryland.

The cast of the current tenth season consists of Gizelle Bryant, Ashley Darby, Wendy Osefo, Keiarna Stewart, Stacey Rusch, Tia Glover, and Angel Massie, with former housewife Monique Samuels and Jassi Rideaux serving as "friends of the housewives". Other previously featured cast members include Katie Rost, Charrisse Jackson-Jordan, Robyn Dixon, Karen Huger, Candiace Dillard Bassett, Nneka Ihim and Mia Thornton.
Thohoyandou Stadium
Thohoyandou Stadium is a 20,000-capacity multi-purpose stadium in the town of Thohoyandou, in the province of Limpopo, South Africa.  It is mostly used for soccer matches, and is the home stadium of Black Leopards and Venda football clubs.  The stadium was also used by Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila (TTM) before it was sold to a Gauteng- based businessman and moved home ground matches to Peter Mokaba Stadium.

It was not used for about 8 years until 2014 when Black Leopards started using it again as their home ground.

Thohoyandou
Thohoyandou (Venda: Ṱhohoyanḓou) is a town in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. It is the administrative centre of Vhembe District Municipality and Thulamela Local Municipality. It is also known for being the former capital of the bantustan of Venda.
Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
Murid gammaherpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) is a species of virus in the genus Rhadinovirus. It is a member of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae in the family Herpesviridae. This species infects mice via the nasal passages and causes an acute infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome with elevated levels of leukocytes, and shifts in the relative proportion of lymphocytes along with the appearance of atypical mononuclear cells. Murid gammaherpesvirus 4 currently serves as a model for study of human gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis.

Rhadinovirus
Rhadinovirus (synonyms: Rhadinoviridae and gamma-2 herpesviruses) is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include: Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease, caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The term rhadino comes from the Latin fragile, referring to the tendency of the viral genome to break apart when it is isolated.
Amesbury Priory
Amesbury Priory was a Benedictine monastery at Amesbury in Wiltshire, England, belonging to the Order of Fontevraud. It was founded in 1177 to replace the earlier Amesbury Abbey, a Saxon foundation established about the year 979. The Anglo-Norman Amesbury Priory was disbanded at the Dissolution of the monasteries and ceased to exist as a monastic house in 1539.

While the earlier Amesbury Abbey had been exclusively a nunnery or house of women, its successor, Amesbury Priory, following the particular structures of its parent Order of Fontevraud, was both a convent of nuns and a corresponding monastery of men. Both were governed locally by a prioress and ultimately by the Abbess of Fontevraud, in Anjou, part of the territories in what is now France that were then ruled by the English royal house.

Nothing remains of the priory above ground, its site having been used for a mansion which re-uses the name Amesbury Abbey.

Amesbury
Amesbury (/ˈeɪmzbəri/) is a town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It is known for the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge which is within the parish. The town is claimed to be the oldest occupied settlement in Great Britain, having been first settled around 8820 BC. The parish includes the hamlets of Ratfyn and West Amesbury, and part of Boscombe Down military airfield.