hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Code as speech
Code as speech is the legal and philosophical doctrine in the United States that computer source code and similar digital expressions are forms of speech protected by the First Amendment. The idea emerged prominently during the "crypto wars" in the 1990s, when the courts disputed the U.S. government's notion that encryption software constituted munitions, instead recognizing code's expressive function in cases such as Bernstein v. United States. Since then, debates over encryption, privacy tools, cryptocurrency, and 3D-printed gun files have continued to test the boundaries of how law treats code as a medium of expression and continues to be the subject of legal and scholarly debate.

Crypto Wars
The controversy unofficially dubbed the "Crypto Wars" involves attempts by the United States (US) and allied governments to limit access to cryptography strong enough to thwart decryption by national intelligence agencies, especially the National Security Agency (NSA), and the response to protect digital rights by privacy advocates and civil libertarians.
History of rugby union matches between Australia and Ireland
Since 1927, Australia and Ireland have competed against each other in rugby union in thirty-nine matches, Australia having won twenty-two, Ireland sixteen, with one draw. Their first meeting was on 12 November 1927, and was won 5–3 by Australia. Their most recent meeting took place at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on 15 November 2025 and was won 46–19 by Ireland.

Ireland have faced Australia five times in Rugby World Cup play, with Australia winning the first four before Ireland finally won in Eden Park in 2011.

Since 1999 the two sides have competed for the Lansdowne Cup. The Cup is currently held by Ireland, having defeated Australia in their most recent fixture in Dublin in 2025.

Lansdowne Cup
The Lansdowne Cup is a rugby union trophy competed for by Australia and Ireland. Established in 1999, the cup was donated to the Australian Rugby Union by the Lansdowne Club of Sydney. The cup was launched in advance of the two Test matches played during the 1999 Ireland rugby union tour of Australia. The crystal trophy, made by Ireland's Waterford Crystal, for which the two nations compete was unveiled at a pub in Brisbane on 9 June 1999. Each team have won the Cup eight times, and the fixture nine times, since the inception of the Cup. Ireland are the current (2025) holders, winning in 2025 for the fifth time in succession.
Swiss Cottage tube station (1868–1940)
Swiss Cottage is a disused London Underground station in Swiss Cottage, north-west London. It was opened in 1868 as the northern terminus of the Metropolitan and St. John's Wood Railway (M&StJWR), the first northward branch extension from Baker Street of the Metropolitan Railway (now the Metropolitan line).

Subsequent to the opening of a new Swiss Cottage station, which was served initially by the Bakerloo line (1939–1979) and is now on the Jubilee line (1979–present), this Metropolitan line Swiss Cottage station was closed in 1940.

Swiss Cottage
Swiss Cottage is an area in the London Borough of Camden, England. It is centred on the junction of Avenue Road and Finchley Road and includes Swiss Cottage tube station. Swiss Cottage lies 3.25 miles (5.23 km) north-northwest of Charing Cross. The area was named after a public house in the centre of it, known as "Ye Olde Swiss Cottage".
Upper Wong Tai Sin Estate
Upper Wong Tai Sin Estate (Chinese: 黃大仙上邨) is a public housing estate in Wong Tai Sin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, along the north of Lung Cheung Road, near Wong Tai Sin Temple and MTR Wong Tai Sin station. It consists of eight blocks built in 2000 and 2009 respectively, and it is now undergoing redevelopment.

Wong Tai Sin, Hong Kong
Wong Tai Sin is an area in Wong Tai Sin District, New Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area was named after the Wong Tai Sin Temple.

The area was previously known as Chuk Yuen or Chuk Un, prior to the intake of two Wong Tai Sin Estates. The populace of the estates, the prosperity of Wong Tai Sin Temple and the completion of Wong Tai Sin MTR station gradually eclipses its former name.
East Linton Bridge
East Linton Bridge, also called Old Tyne Bridge, is a bridge over the River Tyne in the village of East Linton in the county of East Lothian, Scotland. In 1971, the bridge was designated a category A listed building.

East Linton
East Linton is a village and former police burgh in East Lothian, Scotland, situated on the River Tyne and A199 road (former A1 road) five miles east of Haddington, with an estimated population of 
1,790 in 2020.
During the 19th century the population increased from 715 inhabitants in 1831 to 1,042 by 1881. The 1961 census showed the village had a population of 1,579. The number dropped significantly at the end of the 20th century, but has subsequently risen again.
Ross–Loos Medical Group
Ross–Loos Medical Group was a comprehensive prepaid health services plan with 29 medical offices throughout Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties in California and a large multi-specialty hospital located on Temple Street, Los Angeles.

CVS Caremark
CVS Caremark Corporation is the pharmacy benefit management subsidiary of CVS Health Corporation, headquartered in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. As a pharmacy benefit manager (PBM), CVS Caremark handles prescription drug plans and is distinct from CVS Pharmacy, which is the retail subsidiary of CVS Health. CVS Caremark provides comprehensive PBM services, including mail order pharmacy services, specialty pharmacy and infusion services, plan design and administration, formulary management, and claims processing.

CVS Caremark provides prescription benefit management services including mail order pharmacy services, specialty pharmacy and infusion services, plan design and administration, formulary management, and claims processing. The company acts as a pharmacy-benefit manager for plan sponsors — including employers, health-insurers and government employee health plans — administering prescription-drug benefits for their members or employees.
Laois GAA
The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Laois) or Laois GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Laois. The county board is also responsible for the Laois county teams.

The county football team contested the second ever All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) final in 1889. In 1926, the county won the final of the first National Football League competition, defeating Dublin. 1936 brought the team's only other appearance in an All-Ireland SFC decider.

The county hurling team won an All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) in 1915.

Laois Junior Football Championships
The Laois Junior Football Championships are the lower-tier Laois Club Football Championships.

The Junior A and Junior B Championships use group phases then down to eight-four-two and the Junior C Championship operates similarly to the Senior Championship and Intermediate Championship by going for a straight knockout.

Portlaoise are the title holders (2022), having defeated Barrowhouse in the final.
Nusatsum River
The Nusatsum River is a river in the Bella Coola Valley of the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada.  It is a tributary of the Bella Coola River, flowing northwest to meet that river just upstream of the community of Hagensborg.

"Nusatsum" has been spelled variously as Nootsatsum, Noosatum, and Nutsatsum.

Bella Coola Valley
The Bella Coola Valley is a relatively small but distinct region located in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, comprising the valley of the Bella Coola River and its tributaries.  The region is served by BC Hwy 20, which runs from Williams Lake to the town of Bella Coola at the head of North Bentinck Arm, from where there is seasonal ferry service to Vancouver Island and Prince Rupert.

The entire valley, and the regions surrounding North and South Bentinck Arm and Dean and Burke Channels, are the historical territory of the Nuxalk Nation, who claim sovereignty over it as unsurrendered to the Crown.

The Bella Coola River, and so by default the Bella Coola Valley, forms the boundary between the Kitimat Ranges to the north and the Pacific Ranges to the south, which are two of the three major subdivisions of the Coast Mountains, the other being the Boundary Ranges along the border with Alaska.
Quantum Corporation
Quantum Corporation is a data storage, management, and protection company that provides technology to store, manage, archive, and protect video and unstructured data throughout the data life cycle. Their products are used by enterprises, media and entertainment companies, government agencies, data companies, and life science organizations. Quantum is headquartered in San Jose, California and has offices around the world.

The company was dual-listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the ticker symbol "QMCO", and on the Börse Frankfurt under the ticker symbol "QNT2".

StorNext File System
StorNext File System (SNFS), colloquially referred to as StorNext is a shared disk file system made by Quantum Corporation. 
StorNext enables multiple Windows, Linux and Apple workstations to access shared block storage over a Fibre Channel network. With the StorNext file system installed, these computers can read and write to the same storage volume at the same time enabling what is known as a "file-locking SAN." StorNext is used in environments where large files must be shared, and accessed simultaneously by users without network delays, or where a file must be available for access by multiple readers starting at different times. Common use cases include multiple video editor environments in feature film, television and general video post production.
Popular music in Yugoslavia
Popular music in Yugoslavia includes the pop and rock music of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including all their genres and subgenres. The scene included the constituent republics: SR Slovenia, SR Croatia, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Montenegro, SR Macedonia and SR Serbia and its subunits: SAP Vojvodina and SAP Kosovo. The pop and rock scene was a part of the general Music of Yugoslavia, which also included folk, classical music, jazz etc. Within Yugoslavia and internationally, the phrases ex-YU or ex-Yugoslav Pop and Rock both formally and informally generally to the SFRY period, though, in some cases, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is included, along with Serbia and Montenegro, which existed until 2006 (such as the book title Ex YU rock enciklopedija 1960 - 2006).

Ex YU rock enciklopedija
Ex YU rock enciklopedija (transl. Ex YU Rock Encyclopedia) is a book by Serbian author, journalist and music critic Petar Janjatović. It was first published in 1998 under the title Ilustrovana YU rock enciklopedija 1960–1997 (transl. Illustrated YU Rock Encyclopedia 1960–1997) and has since received four expanded editions. The book features information about most important acts of the rock scene of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as well as of scenes of the successor states.
Heinrich Mann Prize
The Heinrich Mann Prize (German: Heinrich-Mann-Preis) is an essay prize that has been awarded since 1953, first by the East German Academy of Arts, then by the Academy of Arts, Berlin. The prize, which comes with a €10,000 purse, is given annually on 27 March, Heinrich Mann's day of birth. The laureate is selected by an independent three-member jury which usually includes the previous year's laureate.

Academy of Arts, Berlin
The Academy of Arts (German: Akademie der Künste) is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany. The task of the Academy is to promote art, as well as to advise and support the states of Germany.

The academy's predecessor organization was founded in 1696 by Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg as the Brandenburg Academy of Arts, an academic institution in which members could meet and discuss and share ideas. The current Academy was founded on 1 October 1993 as the re-unification of formerly separate East and West Berlin academies.
Sofia Region
Sofia is a region in northern Madagascar. It is named for the Sofia River. It is the second largest Malagasy region (behind Atsimo-Andrefana) with an area of 50,100 km² (19,300 sq mi), and had a population of 1,500,227 in 2018. Antsohihy is the administrative capital.

Sofia River
The Sofia is a river of northwestern Madagascar. It flows through the Sofia Region. The source is at the Tsaratanana Massif at an altitude of 1784 metres. It has a length of 328 kilometres (204 mi).

Its mouth is in the Indian Ocean in the Boriziny-Vaovao District (Port-Bergé).
Torsten Gejl
Torsten Gejl (born 30 January 1964) is a Danish politician who is a member of the Folketing for The Alternative political party. He was elected into parliament at the 2015 Danish general election. He is currently the group leader of The Alternative in the Folketing.

The Alternative (Denmark)
The Alternative (Danish: Alternativet) is a green and pro-European political party in Denmark. The party was publicly launched on 27 November 2013 by former Minister of Culture Uffe Elbæk and Josephine Fock; Elbæk had been a parliamentarian for the Social Liberal Party. Elbæk was the leader of the party until February 2020, where he stepped down and was succeeded by Fock. Currently the party is led by Franciska Rosenkilde. The Alternative regards itself as a political movement and a cultural voice, as well as a political party.
Pilatus PC-6 Porter
The Pilatus PC-6 Porter is a single-engined STOL utility aircraft designed by Pilatus Aircraft of Switzerland. First flown in 1959, the PC-6 was produced at Pilatus Flugzeugwerke in Stans, Switzerland. It has been built in both piston engine- and turboprop-powered versions, and was produced under licence for a time by Fairchild Hiller in the United States.
After 604 deliveries in 63 years, Pilatus ended production in 2022.

Berlin Brigade
The Berlin Brigade was a US Army brigade-sized garrison based in West Berlin during the Cold War. After the end of World War II, under the conditions of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements, the Allied forces occupied West Berlin. This occupation lasted throughout the Cold War. The French Army also had units in Berlin, called French Forces in Berlin and the British Army's unit in Berlin was the Berlin Infantry Brigade.
Stromness Lifeboat Station
Stromness Lifeboat Station is located in the harbour town of Stromness, the second largest town of Mainland, Orkney, in the Isles of Orkney, Scotland.

A lifeboat was first stationed at Stromness by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1867.

The station currently operates a Severn-class All-weather lifeboat, 17-16 Violet, Dorothy and Kathleen (ON 1236), on station since 1998.

Stromness
Stromness (locally /ˈstrʌmnɪs/, Old Norse: Straumnes; Norn: Stromnes) is the second-most populous town in Orkney, Scotland. It is in the southwestern part of Mainland, Orkney. It is a burgh with a parish around the outside with the town of Stromness as its capital.
St Margarets railway station (Hertfordshire)
St Margarets railway station is on the Hertford East branch line off the West Anglia Main Line in the east of England, serving the villages of Stanstead St Margarets and Stanstead Abbotts, Hertfordshire. It is 20 miles 25 chains (32.7 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Rye House and Ware. Its three-letter station code is SMT. It is in the civil parish of Great Amwell.

The station and all trains calling are operated by Greater Anglia.

St Margarets was previously the junction with the now closed Buntingford Branch Line to Buntingford.

There is a ticket office that is open at peak times as well as a self-service ticket machine.
The Oyster card system was extended through to Hertford East and became operational at St Margaret's in 2015.

Great Amwell
Great Amwell is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) south-east of Ware, its post town, and about 20 miles (32 km) north of London. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 2,223.
Rotana Drama
Rotana Drama (Arabic: روتانا دراما) is an Egyptian free-to-air satellite TV general entertainment unencrypted channel owned by the Rotana Group. It was launched in May 2011, a few months after the Egyptian uprising     in January. The channel is known for its general entertainment programming and has gained attention for featuring various shows.  The channel received international coverage after broadcasting a birthday party that was perceived as a marriage of two men in Egypt, where same-sex relationships are not technically illegal but are nevertheless punishable in practice.

In 2017, the channel was renamed Rotana Drama and turned to broadcasting Arab and Turkish dramas.

Rotana Media Group
Rotana Media Group, commonly known as Rotana (Arabic: روتانا, romanized: Rōtānā), is a Saudi Arabian entertainment company. It is primarily owned by Saudi prince Al Waleed bin Talal through Kingdom Holding Company.

The media conglomerate includes a film production company (Rotana Studios), free to air television stations (Rotana TV), music channels (Rotana Radio), a record label (Rotana Music Group) and others businesses.
Porzia de' Medici
Porzia de' Medici (1537–1565) was an Italian missionary and illegitimate daughter of Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence and an unknown mother. She was born after the assassination of Alessandro and was placed as a young child in the Augustinian convent of San Clemente in Via San Gallo. The convent was founded by Maria Salviati, the mother of Cosimo I de' Medici, to shelter the illegitimate daughters of Alessandro. Porzia took her final vows and became a Roman Catholic nun. Eventually she became the abbess of the convent.

Porzia was in close contact with members of the de' Medici family, including her half-sister Giulia de' Medici and her half-brother Giulio. A mural was painted depicting Porzia with Francesco, Ferdinando, Giovanni, and Garzia, the four sons of Cosimo I de' Medici. That mural has since been lost. Her half-sister Giulia often visited Porzia at her convent.  She died in the convent at the age of twenty-seven.

Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence
Alessandro de' Medici (22 July 1510 – 6 January 1537), nicknamed "il Moro" due to his dark complexion, Duke of Penne and the first Duke of the Florentine Republic (from 1532), was ruler of Florence from 1530 to his death in 1537. The first Medici to rule Florence as a hereditary monarch, Alessandro was also the last Medici from the senior line of the family to lead the city. His assassination at the hands of distant cousin Lorenzaccio caused the title of Duke to pass to Cosimo I de Medici, from the family's junior branch.
First Broad River
The First Broad River is a tributary of the Broad River, about 60 mi (95 km) long  in western North Carolina in the United States. Via the Broad and Congaree Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.

The First Broad River rises on South Mountain in northeastern Rutherford County and initially flows southeastwardly into Cleveland County to the town of Lawndale, where it turns southward. After passing to the west of Shelby, the river joins the Broad River from the north in southern Cleveland County.

Broad River (Carolinas)
The Broad River is a principal tributary of the Congaree River, about 150 miles (240 km) long, in western North Carolina and northern South Carolina in the United States.  Via the Congaree, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean. It is called the 
Rocky Broad River in the Hickorynut Gorge in North Carolina near the communities of Bat Cave and Chimney Rock.
Biñan's at-large congressional district
Biñan's at-large congressional district is the congressional district of the Philippines in Biñan. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 2016. Previously included in Laguna's 1st congressional district, it includes all barangays of the city. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Walfredo "Arman" Dimaguila Jr. of the Lakas–CMD.

Biñan
Biñan (Tagalog pronunciation: [biˈɲan] or traditionally [biˈɲaŋ]), officially the City of Biñan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Biñan), is a  component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 584,479 people, making it the most populous city in the province of Laguna.

Biñan has become both a suburban residential community of Metro Manila and a location for some of the Philippines' largest industrial estates and export processing zones. Prior to its cityhood in 2010, Biñan was the richest municipality in the Philippines with an annual gross income of ₱677 million (US$14.383 million) and net income of ₱250 million (US$5.308 million), as of 2007 by the Commission on Audit.
Passiflora bryonioides
Passiflora bryonioides, the cupped passionflower, is a plant in the genus Passiflora, family Passifloraceae. It is native to northern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa and Guanajuato) and the south-western United States (Arizona).

The plant is a perennial vine up to 2 m tall that climbs via tendrils and has palmately-lobed leaves. Flowers are white with purple stripes along the petals. Fruits are pale green and ovoid.

Passiflora
Passiflora, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 550 species of flowering plants, and the type genus of the family Passifloraceae.

Passiflora species are widely cultivated for their striking flowers, flavorful fruits, traditional medicinal uses, and roles in dietary supplements and ayahuasca analogs, with several ornamental hybrids earning Royal Horticultural Society awards.
Kanzaki, Hyōgo
Kanzaki (神崎町, Kanzaki-chō) was a town located in Kanzaki District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,238 and a density of 78.38 persons per km2. The total area was 105.10 km2.

On November 7, 2005, Kanzaki, along with the town of Ōkawachi (also from Kanzaki District), was merged to create the town of Kamikawa.

Kamikawa, Hyōgo
Kamikawa (神河町, Kamikawa-chō) is a town located in Kanzaki District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2022, the town had an estimated population of 10,794 in 4220 households and a population density of 53 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 202.23 square kilometres (78.08 sq mi).
Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Suva
Queen Elizabeth Barracks is a Fijian Army base, located in the suburb of Nabua, in Suva and is the national headquarters of the Fijian military.

The barracks, commonly known as QEB, was the scene of an unsuccessful army mutiny on 2 November 2000. Four soldiers were killed, and four of the rebels were beaten to death after being captured. It was from QEB that the Fiji military coordinated its coup d'état on 5 December 2006.

Republic of Fiji Military Forces
The Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF, formerly the Royal Fiji Military Forces until 1987 when the Dominion of Fiji was overthrown) is the armed forces of the Pacific island nation of Fiji. With a total manpower of about 6,500 active soldiers and approximately 6,200 reservists, it is one of the smallest militaries in the world and the third largest in the South Pacific region. The Ground Force is organised into six infantry and one engineer battalions.

The first two regular battalions of the Fiji Infantry Regiment are traditionally stationed overseas on peacekeeping duties; the 1st Battalion has been posted to Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, and East Timor under the command of the UN, while the 2nd Battalion is stationed in Sinai with the MFO. Peacekeepers income represents an important source of income for Fiji. The 3rd Battalion is stationed in the capital, Suva, and the remaining three are spread throughout the islands.