hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Acid sphingomyelinase
Acid sphingomyelinase is one of the enzymes that make up the sphingomyelinase (SMase) family, responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphorylcholine. They are organized into alkaline, neutral, and acidic SMase depending on the pH in which their enzymatic activity is optimal. Acid sphingomyelinases' (aSMases) enzymatic activity can be influenced by drugs, lipids, cations, pH, redox and other proteins in the environment. Specifically aSMases have been shown to have increased enzymatic activity in lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) or phosphatidylinositol (PI) enriched environments, and inhibited activity when phosphorylated derivatives of PI are present.

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) is the gene that codes for two aSMase enzymes distinct in the pools of sphingomyelin they hydrolyse. Lysosomal sphingomyelinase (L-SMase) is found in the lysosomal compartment, and the secretory sphingomyelinase (S-SMase) is found extracellularly.

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.12, also known as neutral sphingomyelinase, sphingomyelinase, or SMase; systematic name sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase) is a hydrolase enzyme that is involved in sphingolipid metabolism reactions. SMase is a member of the DNase I superfamily of enzymes and is responsible for breaking sphingomyelin (SM) down into phosphocholine and ceramide. The activation of SMase has been suggested as a major route for the production of ceramide in response to cellular stresses.
Ancylosis faustinella
Ancylosis faustinella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ancylosis. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller, in 1867 from Palestine, but is also found on Malta and in Russia, as well as on the Canary Islands, in Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Bahrain, Turkey, Afghanistan, Syria, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Mongolia, Pakistan, Niger and Sudan.

Adults are small, with narrow ochreous yellow forewings. It has a white costal streak and two white transverse lines. The hindwings are pale grey.

Ancylosis
Ancylosis is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1839, and is known from South Africa, Uzbekistan, Spain, Turkmenistan, Lebanon, Algeria, Tunisia, Russia, Israel, Palestine, Greece, Australia, Seychelles, Afghanistan, the United States, Iraq, Namibia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Mauritius, Mozambique, Lebanon, Argentina, Sri Lanka, and Yemen.
Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant
The Robert Moses Niagara Hydroelectric Power Station is a hydroelectric power station in Lewiston, New York, near Niagara Falls. Owned and operated by the New York Power Authority (NYPA), the plant diverts water from the Niagara River above Niagara Falls and returns the water into the lower portion of the river near Lake Ontario. It uses 13 generators at an installed capacity of 2,525 MW (3,386,000 hp) with an average annual net generation of 15,897,000 MWh between 2014 and 2023, and a capacity factor of 71.9%.

Named for New York City planner Robert Moses, the plant was built to replace power production after the Schoellkopf Power Station, a nearby hydroelectric plant, collapsed in 1956. It stands across the river from Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Power Stations in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.

Schoellkopf Power Station
The Schoellkopf Power Station was a series of power generation facilities built on the American shore of the Niagara River below Niagara Falls between 1853 and 1924, and in operation in its final phase until 1956.  The first used water falling from the upper river height before the falls to the lower after them to drive water turbines to power belts and driveshafts in nearby mills; it was in operation until 1904.  The second station was built in 1898 and superseded the first, producing hydroelectricity and operating until 1921.  The third station, also hydroelectric, was built in three phases, with the first completed in 1914 and the last in 1924, which operated until a catastrophic failure in 1956.

Only ruins are left in the 2020s, which form a part of a fully accessible tourist attraction associated with Niagara Falls State Park and connected with its Niagara Gorge hiking trail system.
Western Massachusetts
42°20′N 72°50′W﻿ / ﻿42.333°N 72.833°W﻿ / 42.333; -72.833

Western Massachusetts, known colloquially as "Western Mass," is a region in Massachusetts, one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States. Western Massachusetts has diverse topography; 22 colleges and universities including UMass in Amherst, MA, with approximately 100,000 students; and such institutions as Tanglewood, the Springfield Armory, and Jacob's Pillow.

The western part of western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains, where there are several vacation resorts. The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley, which has a number of university towns, the major city Springfield, and numerous agricultural hamlets. In the eastern part of the area, the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation.

Mount Holyoke College
Mount Holyoke College is a private women's liberal arts college in South Hadley, Massachusetts, United States. It is the oldest member of the historic Seven Sisters colleges, a group of historically women’s colleges in the Northeastern United States. The college was founded in 1837 as the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary by Mary Lyon, a pioneer in education for women. Mount Holyoke is part of the Five College Consortium in Western Massachusetts.

Undergraduate admissions are restricted to female, transgender, and nonbinary students. In 2014, it became the first member of the Seven Sisters (not counting the coeducational Vassar College) to introduce an admissions policy that was inclusive of transgender students. Graduate programs are open to applicants regardless of gender.

The college's 800-acre (3.2 km2) campus includes the Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, the John Payson Williston Observatory, and a botanic garden. The college awards the Glascock Prize annually.
Sadako (film)
Sadako (Japanese: 貞子), also known as Sadako KOL (Japanese: 貞子：咒殺 KOL), is a 2019 Japanese supernatural horror film directed by Hideo Nakata. Loosely based on the novel Tide by Koji Suzuki, the film is an installment in the Ring franchise, and a sequel to Nakata's 1999 film Ring 2. The film centers around a vengeful ghost named Sadako Yamamura who is associated with a cursed video tape; whoever watches the tape is killed seven days later.

Sadako premiered in Japan on 24 May 2019, and it played on the opening night of the Fantasia International Film Festival. A tie-in manga series, Sadako-san and Sadako-chan, was published in February before the film's release.

Koji Suzuki
Koji Suzuki (鈴木 光司, Suzuki Kōji; born 13 May 1957) is a Japanese writer, who was born in Hamamatsu and lives in Tokyo. Suzuki is the author of the Ring novels, which have been adapted into other formats, including films, manga, TV series, and video games. He has written several books on the subject of fatherhood. His hobbies include traveling, motorcycling, as well as sailing.
Carl von Heyden
Carl Heinrich Georg(es) von Heyden (20 January 1793 Frankfurt – 7 July 1866) was a German senator and entomologist. He collected insects in all orders but was especially interested in Coleoptera, Microlepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and fossil insects. His collections are divided between the German Entomological Institute and the Senckenberg Museum.

He studied forestry under Johann Matthäus Bechstein at the Dreißigacker Forest Academy near Meiningen, then continued his education at the University of Heidelberg. With his son, Lukas von Heyden, he conducted studies of fossil insects found in lignite. In addition to his entomological research, he performed investigations of reptile specimens collected by Eduard Rüppell in North Africa.

In 1817, he was co-founder of the Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.

Lucas Friedrich Julius Dominikus von Heyden
Lucas Friedrich Julius Dominikus von Heyden (22 May 1838, Frankfurt – 13 September 1915, Frankfurt) was a German entomologist specialising in beetles (Coleoptera).  He wrote with Edmund Reitter and Julius Weise Catalogus coleopterorum Europae, Caucasi et Armeniae rossicae. Edn 2. Berlin, Paskau, Caen (1902). He also worked with his father Carl von Heyden on fossil insects.
Three Kingdoms (TV series)
Three Kingdoms is a 2010 Chinese television series based on the events in the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. The plot is adapted from the 14th century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms and other stories about the Three Kingdoms period. Directed by Gao Xixi, the series had a budget of over 160 million RMB (US$30 million) and took five years of pre-production work. Shooting of the series commenced in October 2008, and it was released in China in May 2010.

Three Kingdoms set a record as the most expensive small screen series in China's television history at the time, having been sold to four regional TV broadcasters at the price of 160 million yuan. It was sold to over 20 countries, earning an estimated 800 million RMB (US$133.3 million) in total as of May 2012.

Liu Biao
Liu Biao (Chinese: 劉表; pinyin: Liú Biǎo) (pronunciationⓘ) (c.151 – c. September 208), courtesy name Jingsheng, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is best known for serving as the governor of Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan) from 192 until his death in 208. He was also a member of the extended family of the Han emperors through his ancestor Liu Yu, the fifth son of Emperor Jing. Liu Biao was described as a handsome man and was over eight chi tall (1.86 metres).
F. Sionil José
Francisco Sionil José (December 3, 1924 – January 6, 2022) was a Filipino writer who was one of the most widely read in the English language. A National Artist of the Philippines for Literature, which was bestowed upon him in 2001, José's novels and short stories depict the social underpinnings of class struggles and colonialism in Filipino society. His works—written in English—have been translated into 28 languages, including Korean, Indonesian, Czech, Russian, Latvian, Ukrainian and Dutch. He was often considered the leading Filipino candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Three Filipino Women
Three Filipino Women: Novellas is a book authored by award-winning Filipino literary writer, F. Sionil José. The book is a compilation of three novellas, each narrating a segment in the life and experiences of three women in the Philippines, providing the reader a journey to the "mentality and geography of the Philippines" and to the use of English as a language that the characters are "trying to make their own", reflective of how a Filipino speak in Philippine English, characterized by being "heavy on the reflexive" (similar to the speaking style used by Ferdinand Marcos) and with its own form of "phrasing" and "edge of formality".
Porto Carras
Porto Carras (Greek: Πόρτο Καρράς), known as Porto Carras Grand Resort, is one of northern Greece's largest and most famous hotels and holiday resorts. It is located on Sithonia, Chalkidiki peninsula in Macedonia, Greece. It is about 120 km away from Greece's second-biggest city, Thessaloniki.

Porto Carras has garnered a reputation as a popular destination particularly among Serbian tourists, who comprise as much as 90% of monthly visitor traffic. Its array of amenities, including luxurious hotels, a marina, a casino, and an on-demand Burek eatery, coupled with its proximity to Serbia, have contributed to its appeal within this demographic.

Chalkidiki
Chalkidiki (/kælˈkɪdɪki/; Greek: Χαλκιδική, romanized: Chalkidikḗ [xalciðiˈci], alternatively Halkidiki), also known as Chalcidice, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the region of Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. The autonomous Mount Athos region constitutes the easternmost part of the peninsula, but not of the regional unit.

The capital of Chalkidiki is the town of Polygyros, located in the centre of the peninsula, while the largest town is Nea Moudania. Chalkidiki is a popular summer tourist destination.
Makro
Makro is a Dutch international brand of warehouse clubs, also called cash and carry stores. Makro was founded by SHV Holdings, a Dutch conglomerate based in Utrecht in partnership with German company Metro AG, with the first warehouse club opened in Amsterdam in 1968.

Currently, ownership of the worldwide chain of stores is split between different companies like Metro AG in Europe (except UK), SHV Holdings in South America (except Peru) and CP All in Asia. In many countries, access to stores is restricted to business customers, and the stores are not open to the general public.

Makro (South Africa)
Makro (stylized as makro) is a South African warehouse club retail chain. Owned by US-based retailer Walmart through their Massmart subsidiary, it operates under the Dutch Makro brand name.

Headquartered in Sandton, Gauteng, the company has been operating since 1971.
Peterhead
Peterhead (listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Phàdraig, Scots: Peterheid listenⓘ) is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.  It is the largest settlement in the council area, with a population of 19,060 at the 2022 Census. It is the busiest fishing port in the United Kingdom for total landings by UK vessels, according to a 2019 survey.

Peterhead sits at the easternmost point in mainland Scotland. It is often referred to as The Blue Toun (locally spelled "The Bloo Toon") and locals are known as Bloo Touners. They are also referred to as blue mogganers (locally spelled "bloomogganners"), supposedly from the blue worsted moggans or stockings that the fishermen originally wore.

Boddam, Aberdeenshire
Boddam is a coastal village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is 29 miles (47 km) north of Aberdeen and 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Peterhead. The settlement of Stirling Village lies immediately to the west. Sea cliffs rise to 200 feet (61 m), south of the village: a coastal path leads along these to the Bullers of Buchan.
Gliese 849 b
Gliese 849 b is an extrasolar planet approximately 29 light years away in the constellation of Aquarius. It is the first long-period Jupiter-like planet discovered around a red dwarf, announced in August 2006 by the California and Carnegie Planet Search team using the radial velocity technique. The previously longest-period Jupiter-like planet around a red dwarf was Gliese 876 b. There are, however, two disproven longer period Jupiter-like planets around Lalande 21185. There are indications of a possible second companion. The planet's mass is less than that of Jupiter, though only the minimum mass is known. The distance of the planet is 2.35 AU and it takes 5.17 years (1890 days) to revolve in a circular orbit.

Diagram of the probable structure of the Gliese 849 Star system

Aquarius (constellation)
Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its traditional astrological symbol is  (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.

At apparent magnitude 2.9, Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation.
Sefton Park, South Australia
Sefton Park is a suburb about 6 km north east of the Adelaide CBD, South Australia and lies in both the City of Port Adelaide Enfield and the City of Prospect. It borders the suburbs Enfield, Nailsworth, Prospect and Broadview. Sefton Park is a minor shopping district of Adelaide and is also one of Adelaide's smallest suburbs.

Nailsworth, South Australia
Nailsworth is a suburb of the City of Prospect, Adelaide, South Australia. It is located approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of City of Adelaide. The suburb borders Sefton Park, Prospect, Broadview, Medindie Gardens and Collinswood.

The North Road Cemetery is located within the suburb. This cemetery was founded by Bishop Augustus Short in 1853 and contains the graves of some prominent South Australians, such as Aboriginal welfare worker and anthropologist Daisy Bates, and philanthropist Julia Farr.
2024 Montana Republican presidential primary
The 2024 Montana Republican presidential primary was held on June 4, 2024, as part of the Republican Party primaries for the 2024 presidential election. 31 delegates to the 2024 Republican National Convention were allocated on a winner-take-all basis. The contest was among the last in the Republican primary cycle, held alongside primaries in New Jersey, New Mexico, and South Dakota.

2024 New Jersey Republican presidential primary
The 2024 New Jersey Republican presidential primary was held on June 4, 2024, as part of the Republican Party primaries for the 2024 presidential election. Nine delegates to the 2024 Republican National Convention were allocated on a winner-take-all basis. The contest was among the last in the Republican primary cycle, held alongside primaries in Montana, New Mexico, and South Dakota.
VII Corps (United Kingdom)
The VII Corps was an army corps of the British Army active in the First and Second World Wars. In the early part of the Second World War, it was part of the defence forces of the United Kingdom, and later acted as a shadow formation for deception purposes.

Walter Congreve
General Sir Walter Norris Congreve, VC, KCB, MVO, KStJ, DL (20 November 1862 – 28 February 1927) was a British Army officer in the Second Boer War and the First World War, and Governor of Malta from 1924 to 1927. He received the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Sanajeh
Sanajeh (meaning "ancient gape" in Sanskrit) is a genus of late Cretaceous madtsoiid snake from western India. A fossil described in 2010 from the Lameta Formation was found coiled around an egg and an adjacent skeleton of a 50 cm (19 in) long sauropod dinosaur hatchling. This suggests that the snake preyed on hatchling sauropods at nesting sites.

Madtsoiidae
Madtsoiidae is an extinct family of mostly Gondwanan snakes with a fossil record extending from early Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) to late Pleistocene strata located in South America, Africa, India, Australia and Southern Europe. Madtsoiidae include very primitive snakes, which like extant boas and pythons would likely dispatch their prey by constriction. Genera include some of the longest snakes known such as Vasuki, measuring at least 11–15 metres (36–49 ft) long, and the Australian Wonambi and Yurlunggur. As a grouping of basal forms the composition and even the validity of Madtsoiidae is in a state of flux as new pertinent finds are described, with more recent evidence suggesting that it is paraphyletic as previously defined.

Although madtsoiids persisted on Australia until the Pleistocene, they largely went extinct elsewhere during the Eocene. However, some species persisted in South America and India through the Oligocene.
Madelyn Clare
Madelyn Clare (November 18, 1894 – September 20, 1975; also known as Madelyn Klare or Madelyn Donovan) was an American actress during the early twentieth century. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Clare was married to writer and director Thomas Dixon Jr. She died in Raleigh, North Carolina, on September 20, 1975, aged 81.

Thomas Dixon Jr.
Thomas Frederick Dixon Jr. (January 11, 1864 – April 3, 1946) was an American white supremacist and polymath: a Baptist minister, politician, lawyer, lecturer, writer, and filmmaker. Dixon wrote two best-selling novels, The Leopard's Spots: A Romance of the White Man's Burden—1865–1900 (1902) and The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan (1905), that romanticized Southern white supremacy, endorsed the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, opposed equal rights for black people, and glorified the Ku Klux Klan as heroic vigilantes. Film director D. W. Griffith adapted The Clansman for the screen in The Birth of a Nation (1915). The film inspired the creators of the 20th-century rebirth of the Klan.
Adsmore
Adsmore is a living history museum located on North Jefferson Street in Princeton, Kentucky. It is the only living home museum in Kentucky. Its name is believed to be derived from numerous additions and renovations over 150 years.

Princeton, Kentucky
Princeton is a home rule-class city in Caldwell County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the seat of its county. As of the 2020 census, Princeton had a population of 6,270. Princeton is home to several notable attractions such as Adsmore Museum, Champion-Shepherdson House (home of the Princeton Art Guild), University of Kentucky Research and Education Center Botanical Garden, and the Annual Black Patch Festival.
Light aircraft
A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross takeoff weight of 12,500 lb (5,670 kg) or less.

Light aircraft are used as utility aircraft commercially for small-scale passenger and freight transport; for sightseeing, photography, cropdusting, and other so-called aerial work roles of civil aviation; for the personal-use aspect of general aviation; and in certain aspects of military aviation.

Examples of aircraft that are at the maximum gross takeoff weight for this category include the de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and Beechcraft B200 Super King Air.

Utility aircraft
A utility aircraft is a general-purpose light airplane or helicopter, usually used for transporting people, freight, or other supplies, but also used for other duties when more specialized aircraft are not required or available.

The term can also refer to an aircraft type certificated under American, Canadian, European, or Australian regulations as a Utility Category Aircraft, which indicates that it is permitted to conduct limited aerobatics. The approved maneuvers include chandelles, lazy eights, spins, and steep turns over 60° of bank.

In the United States, military utility aircraft are given the prefix U in their designations.
Strangulated graph
In graph theoretic mathematics, a strangulated graph is a graph in which deleting the edges of any induced cycle of length greater than three would disconnect the remaining graph. That is, they are the graphs in which every peripheral cycle is a triangle.

Peripheral cycle
In graph theory, a peripheral cycle (or peripheral circuit) in an undirected graph is, intuitively, a cycle that does not separate any part of the graph from any other part. Peripheral cycles (or, as they were initially called, peripheral polygons, because Tutte called cycles "polygons") were first studied by Tutte (1963), and play important roles in the characterization of planar graphs and in generating the cycle spaces of nonplanar graphs.
Charles Caron
Charles Caron (January 3, 1768 – January 30, 1853) was a farmer and political figure in Lower Canada. He signed his name Charle Caront.

He was born Charles-François Caron in Saint-Roch-des-Aulnaies in 1768. Caron began farming on land purchased by his father in the seigneury of Yamachiche and also acquired additional land himself. In 1794, he married Françoise, the daughter of Augustin Rivard. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Saint-Maurice in 1824 and reelected in 1827. Caron was defeated in the general election held in 1830. He was part of a group of singers known as the "Chantres de Machiche".

He died at Yamachiche in 1853.

His brothers Michel and François also represented Saint-Maurice in the assembly. His daughter Victoire married André Gérin-Lajoie; their son Charles later became a member of the Canadian House of Commons.

Charles Gérin-Lajoie
Charles Gérin-Lajoie (28 December 1824 – 6 November 1895) was a Quebec businessman and political figure. He represented Saint-Maurice in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1874 to 1878.