hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Statius (praenomen)
Statius is a Italic praenomen, or personal name, which was used during the period of the Roman Republic, and into imperial times. It was not widely used at Rome, but gave rise to the patronymic gentes Statia and Statilia. The feminine form is Statia. As it was not widespread in Latin. Statius was not regularly abbreviated, but is sometimes found with the abbreviations St. and Sta.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Thomas Schelling
Thomas Crombie Schelling (April 14, 1921 – December 13, 2016) was an American economist and professor of foreign policy, national security, nuclear strategy, and arms control at the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. He was also co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute.

Schelling was awarded the 2005 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Robert Aumann) for "having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game theory analysis."

New England Complex Systems Institute
The New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) is an independent American research institution and think tank dedicated to advancing analytics and its application to the challenges of society, and the interaction of complex systems with the environment. NECSI offers educational programs, conducts research, and hosts the International Conference on Complex Systems. It was founded in 1996 and is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
History of American comics
The history of American comics began in the 19th century in mass print media, in the era of sensationalist journalism, where newspaper comics served as further entertainment for mass readership. In the 20th century, comics became an autonomous art medium and an integral part of American culture.

Bronze Age of Comic Books
The Bronze Age of Comic Books is an informal name for a period in the history of American superhero comic books, usually said to run from 1970 to 1985. It follows the Silver Age of Comic Books and is followed by the Modern Age of Comic Books.

The Bronze Age retained many of the conventions of the Silver Age, with traditional superhero titles remaining the mainstay of the industry. However, a return of darker plot elements and storylines more related to relevant social issues began to flourish during the period, prefiguring the later Modern Age of Comic Books.
Damien Center
The Damien Center is the largest care center (providing both health and counseling services) for people with HIV/AIDS in Indianapolis, Indiana. It has been open since 1987 and is the longest-sustained project of the Indy Bag Ladies.

Indy Bag Ladies
The Indy Bag Ladies is an activist organization that raises funds for care and treatment for individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Indianapolis, Indiana. Along with fundraising, the Indy Bag Ladies raise awareness of safe sex practices to in order to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and increase visibility and promote equality for LGBTQ+ individuals in Indiana through education and advocacy.  The Bag Ladies are mostly men whom dress in ostentatious outfits, also known as Drag queens, to provide entertainment while raising money for the Indianapolis LGBTQ+ community.
Penn High School
Penn High School is a public high school located in Mishawaka, Indiana, United States, near South Bend. It is the only high school in the Penn-Harris-Madison (PHM) School Corporation.

The district includes all of Osceola and portions of Granger, Mishawaka, and South Bend.

Mishawaka, Indiana
Mishawaka (/ˌmɪʃəˈwɑːkə/) is a city on the St. Joseph River, in St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States. The population was 51,063 as of the 2020 census. Its nickname is "the Princess City". Mishawaka is a principal city of the South Bend-Mishawaka metropolitan area.
CJEM-FM
CJEM-FM is a Canadian radio station in Edmundston, New Brunswick, broadcasting on 92.7 FM with a power of 40,750 watts. The station plays an adult contemporary format. CJEM also has a repeat transmitter, CKMV, located in Grand Falls broadcasting at 95.1 MHz.

The station is owned by Radio Edmundston Inc. and first went on the air in December 1944, thus becoming the first French speaking radio station in Canada outside of the province of Quebec. It was originally carried at 1240 kHz, then at 1230 kHz in 1945, then at 1380 kHz in 1952, 570 kHz in 1954, before given approval to switch to 92.7 MHz in 1998.
CJEM's rebroadcaster, CKMV, began broadcasting at 1490 kHz in 1974, and was given approval to switch to 95.1 MHz in 2000.

In 1991, CJEM received approval to add transmitters in Grand Falls (95.1) and Saint-Léonard, New Brunswick (104.3). In 1995, CJEM was authorized to delete transmitters CJEM-FM-1 and CJEM-FM-2.

Edmundston
Edmundston (/ˈɛdməndstən/) is a city in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, Canada. Established in 1850, it had a population of 16,437 as of 2021.

On January 1, 2023, Edmundston amalgamated with the village of Rivière-Verte and parts of two local service districts; revised census figures have not been released.
Hugh Riddle (railroad executive)
Hugh Riddle (1822–1892) was an American railroad executive.

Early in his career he worked for the Erie Railroad, the Buffalo and State Line Railroad, and the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls Railroad. He served as General Superintendent of the Erie Railroad from January 1, 1864 to May 1, 1869 as successor of Charles Minot.

In 1869 he was appointed Superintendent of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, became Vice-President in 1871, and served as President from 1877 to 1883.

Charles Minot (railroad executive)
Charles Minot (August 30, 1810 – December 10, 1866) was an American railroad executive at the Erie Railroad, where in 1850 he became Superintendent as successor of James P. Kirkwood, and was succeeded by Daniel McCallum in 1854. After the bankruptcy of the Erie in 1859 he was reinstated as general superintendent of the Erie railroad.
California job case
A California job case is a kind of type case: a compartmentalized wooden box used to store movable type used in letterpress printing. It was the most popular and accepted of the job case designs in America. The California job case took its name from the Pacific Coast location of the foundries that made the case popular.

The defining characteristic of the California job case is the layout, documented by J. L. Ringwalt in the American Encyclopaedia of Printing in 1871, as used by San Francisco printers. This modification of a previously popular case, the Italic, it was claimed reduced the compositor's hand travel as he set the pieces of type into his composing stick by more than half a mile per day.
In the previous convention, upper- and lowercase type were kept in separate cases, or trays. This is why capital letters are called uppercase and the minuscules are lowercase. The combined case became popular during the western expansion of the United States in the 19th century.

Movable type
Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks) usually on the medium of paper.
Constant of integration
In calculus, the constant of integration, often denoted by  (or ), is a constant term added to an antiderivative of a function  to indicate that the indefinite integral of  (i.e., the set of all antiderivatives of ), on a connected domain, is only defined up to an additive constant. This constant expresses an ambiguity inherent in the construction of antiderivatives.

More specifically, if a function  is defined on an interval, and  is an antiderivative of  then the set of all antiderivatives of  is given by the functions  where  is an arbitrary constant (meaning that any value of  would make  a valid antiderivative). For that reason, the indefinite integral is often written as  although the constant of integration might be sometimes omitted in lists of integrals for simplicity.

Initial value problem
In calculus, an initial value problem (IVP) is an ordinary differential equation together with an initial condition which specifies the value of the unknown function at a given point in the domain. Modeling a system in physics or other sciences frequently amounts to solving an initial value problem. In that context, the IVP is a differential equation which specifies how the system evolves with time plus the initial conditions of the problem.
Diego Quispe Tito
Diego Quispe Tito (1611–1681) was a Quechua painter from Peru. He is considered the leader of the Cuzco School of painting. Despite the prevalence of European artistic influences, some painters in Cuzco were of Inca descent, infusing their art with indigenous elements. Diego Quispe Tito, adopted a distinctive style blending Italian Mannerism and Flemish painting techniques with depictions of local landscapes adorned with decorative birds. Working in a village near Cuzco, Quispe Tito developed his unique approach, exemplified in his series of paintings portraying the life of St. John the Baptist for the Church of San Sebastian in 1663.

Cusco school
The Cusco school (escuela cuzqueña) or Cuzco school, was a Roman Catholic artistic tradition based in Cusco, Peru (the former capital of the Inca Empire) during the Colonial period, in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. It was not limited to Cusco only, but spread to other cities in the Andes, as well as to present day Ecuador and Bolivia.

Many colonial Cusco school paintings are preserved, most of them currently at Cusco, but also in other areas of Peru, the town of Calamarca (Bolivia) and in museums of Brazil, United States and England.
U.S. Route 27
U.S. Route 27 or U.S. Highway 27 (US 27) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the Southern and Midwestern U.S. The southern terminus is at US 1 in Miami, Florida. The northern terminus is at Interstate 69 (I-69) in Fort Wayne, Indiana. From Miami, it goes up the center of Florida, then west to Tallahassee, Florida, and north through such cities and towns as Columbus, Georgia; Rome, Georgia; Chattanooga, Tennessee; Lexington, Kentucky; Cincinnati, Ohio; Oxford, Ohio; Richmond, Indiana; and Fort Wayne, Indiana. It once extended north through Lansing, Michigan, to Cheboygan, Mackinaw City, and, for about three years, even as far as St. Ignace. US 27 was first signed in 1926, replacing what had been the eastern route of the Dixie Highway in many states.

U.S. Route 19
U.S. Route 19 or U.S. Highway 19 (US 19) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the Eastern United States. Despite encroaching Interstate Highways, the route has remained a long-haul road, connecting the Gulf of Mexico with Lake Erie.

The highway's southern terminus is at Memphis, Florida, which is just south of St. Petersburg at an intersection with US 41. Its northern terminus is in Erie, Pennsylvania, at an intersection with US 20 about two miles (3.2 km) from the shores of Lake Erie.

The length of the highway is 1,438.2 miles (2,314.6 km), including both US 19E/US 19W paths through North Carolina and Tennessee.
Drewsteignton
Drewsteignton is a village, civil parish and former manor within the administrative area of West Devon, England, also lying within the Dartmoor National Park.  It is located in the valley of the River Teign, 13 miles (21 km) west of Exeter and 9 miles (14 km) south east of Okehampton. Visitor attractions in the area include the village centre itself, nearby Castle Drogo, and Fingle Bridge. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 1,616.

River Teign
The River Teign /ˈtiːn/ is a river in the county of Devon, England. It is 31 mi (50 km) long and rises on Dartmoor, becomes an estuary just below Newton Abbot and reaches the English Channel at Teignmouth.
Babylon Fortress
30°0′22″N 31°13′47″E﻿ / ﻿30.00611°N 31.22972°E﻿ / 30.00611; 31.22972

Babylon Fortress (Arabic: حصن بابليون; Coptic: ⲡⲁⲃⲓⲗⲱⲛ or Ⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ) is an ancient Roman fortress on the eastern bank of the Nile Delta, located in the area known today as Old Cairo or Coptic Cairo. The fortress was built circa 300 AD by Emperor Diocletian in order to protect the entrance to an ancient canal, previously rebuilt by Trajan, that linked the Nile with the Red Sea.

It was at the boundary between Lower and Middle Egypt, where the river craft paid tolls when ascending or descending the Nile. Within the fortress's former enclosure are the present-day Coptic Museum, a convent, and several churches, including the Church of St. George and the Hanging Church.

John of Nikiû
John of Nikiû (fl. 680–690) was an Egyptian Coptic bishop of Nikiû (Pashati) in the Nile Delta and general administrator of the monasteries of Upper Egypt in 696. He is the author of a Chronicle extending from Adam to the end of the Muslim conquest of Egypt. John of Nikiû's Chronicle contains important historical details otherwise unknown.
Atheist Ireland
Atheist Ireland is an association of atheists based in Ireland. The group was initially founded by members of Atheist.ie, an online community set up by Seamus Murnane in June 2006. Its current chairperson is writer and activist Michael Nugent. Atheist Ireland is a former member of Atheist Alliance International, and a former member of Humanists International (previously known as The International Humanist and Ethical Union), and current member of The Coalition to Repeal the 8th, Children's Rights Alliance, the International Coalition Against Blasphemy Laws  and the National Women's Council of Ireland. The group estimates it has about 500 members.

Atheist Alliance International
Atheist Alliance International (AAI) is a non-profit advocacy organization committed to raising awareness and educating the public about atheism. The group supports atheist and freethought organizations around the world through promoting local campaigns, raising awareness of related issues, sponsoring secular education projects, and facilitating interaction among secular groups and individuals.
Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery
The Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery (SIGPR) was an Inspector General position created by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act of 2020 to oversee spending of government funds in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The position was included at the insistence of congressional Democrats. The SIGPR was nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate.

The position, as specified in Section 4018 of the CARES Act, was authorized to

conduct, supervise, and coordinate audits and investigations of the making, purchase, management, and sale of loans, loan guarantees, and other investments made by the Secretary of the Treasury under any program established by the Secretary under this Act, and the management by the Secretary of any program established under this Act.

Office of Inspector General (United States)
In the United States, Office of Inspector General (OIG) is a generic term for the oversight division of a federal or state agency aimed at preventing inefficient or unlawful operations within their parent agency. Such offices are attached to many federal executive departments, independent federal agencies, as well as state and local governments. Each office includes an inspector general (or IG) and employees charged with identifying, auditing, and investigating fraud, waste, abuse, embezzlement and mismanagement of any kind within the executive department.
Denis, son of Ampud
Denis, son of Ampud, also Denis, son of Apod (Hungarian: Ampod fia Dénes; fl. 1216 – died 1236), was an influential baron in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 13th century. He was Master of the treasury between 1216 and 1224. He was also ispán of at least three counties.

Palatine of Hungary
The Palatine of Hungary (Hungarian: nádor or nádorispán, German: Landespalatin, Latin: palatinus regni Hungariae) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially, Palatines were representatives of the monarchs, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Palatine's jurisdiction included only Hungary proper, in the Kingdom of Croatia until 1918 the ban held similar function as the highest office in the Kingdom (after the king himself), monarch's representative, commander of the royal army and viceroy (after the union of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with Hungary in 1102).
Fitjar Church
Fitjar Church (Norwegian: Fitjar kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Fitjar Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Fitjar. It is the church for the Fitjar parish which is part of the Sunnhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1867 using plans drawn up by the architect John O. Kaarhus from Skånevik. The church seats about 425 people.

Fitjar Municipality
Fitjar (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈfɪ̂tːjɑr] ⓘ) is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The municipality is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland. Fitjar Municipality includes the northern part of the island of Stord and the hundreds of surrounding islands, mostly to the northwest of the main island. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fitjar.

The 142.47-square-kilometre (55.01 sq mi) municipality is the 318th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Fitjar Municipality is the 224th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,208. The municipality's population density is 22.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (58/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Birkhall
Birkhall (from the Scots Birk Hauch: "Birch River-meadow") is a 210 km2 (52,000 acres) estate on Royal Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, owned by King Charles III. It is located alongside the River Muick to the south-west of Ballater.

Abergeldie Castle
Abergeldie Castle is a four-floor tower house in Crathie and Braemar parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It stands at an altitude of 840 feet (260 m), on the south bank of the River Dee, five miles (8 km) west of Ballater, and about two miles (3 km) east of the royal residence of Balmoral Castle.  Behind it rises Creag nam Ban, a rounded granite hill about 527 metres (1,729 ft) high, and across the river to its front is the cairn-crowned Geallaig Hill, rising to 743 metres (2,438 ft).

It is protected as a category A listed building. The castle was the home of the Baron of Abergeldie.
Arizona State Route 79
State Route 79 (SR 79), also known as the Pinal Pioneer Parkway, is a 58.40-mile-long (93.99 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Arizona. It serves as the main route through the town of Florence, which is also the county seat of Pinal County. Although the highway has been part of the state highway system since at least 1926, it was not designated as SR 79 until 1992. The highway was previously a section of U.S. Route 80 and U.S. Route 89 between Phoenix and Tucson, until both highways were decommissioned in 1977 and 1992 respectively. SR 79 is also the only state highway in Arizona that has a business route, which is SR 79 Business through downtown Florence. SR 79 is also notable for being the location where cowboy western actor Tom Mix died in a car accident on October 14, 1940.

U.S. Route 89
U.S. Route 89 (US 89) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway with two sections, and one former section. The southern section runs for 848 miles (1,365 km) from Flagstaff, Arizona, to the southern entrance of Yellowstone National Park. The northern section runs for 404 miles (650 km) from the northern entrance of Yellowstone National Park in Montana, ending at the Canadian border. Unnumbered roads through Yellowstone connect the two sections. Before 1992, US 89 was a Canada–Mexico, border-to-border highway that ended at Nogales, Arizona, on its southern end.

Sometimes called the National Park Highway, US 89 links seven national parks across the Mountain West. In addition, 14 other national park areas, mostly national monuments, are also reachable from this backbone through the Colorado Plateau, Wasatch Mountains and northern Rockies.

National Geographic named US Route 89 the No. 1 Driver's Drive in the world.
Fabbrico
Fabbrico (Reggiano: Fâbrich or Fâvrich; locally Fàvregh) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Reggio Emilia.

Fabbrico borders the following municipalities: Campagnola Emilia, Carpi, Reggiolo, Rio Saliceto, Rolo.

Carpi, Emilia-Romagna
Carpi (Italian: [ˈkarpi]; Emilian: Chèrp) is an Italian town and comune of about 73,000 inhabitants in the province of Modena, Emilia-Romagna. It is a busy centre for industrial and craft activities and for cultural and commercial exchanges.
Ditepalanthus
Ditepalanthus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Balanophoraceae.

Its native range is Madagascar.

Species:

Ditepalanthus afzelii Fagerl.

Ditepalanthus malagasicus (Jum. & H.Perrier) Fagerl.

Balanophoraceae
The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alternatively, three genera may be split off into the segregate family Mystropetalaceae.

The plants are normally found  growing on tree roots in moist inland forests and have an above ground inflorescence with the overall appearance of a fungus, composed of numerous minute flowers. The inflorescences develop inside the tuberous underground part of the plant, before rupturing it and surfacing. The plants are monoecious or dioecious, and the fruits are indehiscent drupes or nuts. The underground portion, which attaches itself to the host, looks like a tuber, and is not a proper root system. The plants contain no chlorophyll. Balanophora means "bearing an acorn" (from the shape of the female inflorescence).