hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
9th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The 9th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), formally the 9th Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Bộ Chính trị Ban Chấp hành trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam Khoá IX), was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 9th Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of the 9th National Congress.

9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Đại hội Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam IX) was held in Ba Đình Hall, Hanoi from 19 to 22 April 2001.  The congress occurs once every five years. A total of 1,168 delegates represented the party's 2,479,719 card-carrying members.
Thorold Secondary School
Thorold Secondary School, often abbreviated as TSS, is a public secondary school in Thorold, Ontario, Canada. The school was named after Sir John Thorold, a member of the British Parliament for Lincolnshire, England. It is the only high school in the city.

Thorold
Thorold is a city in Ontario, Canada, located on the Niagara Escarpment. It is also the seat of the Regional Municipality of Niagara. The Welland Canal passes through the city, featuring lock 7 and the Twin Flight Locks.
24th meridian east
The meridian 24° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 24th meridian east forms a great circle with the 156th meridian west.

Part of the border between Libya and Sudan is defined by the meridian, as is a large section of the border between Chad and Sudan.

The only capital located on the 24th meridian east is Riga.

156th meridian west
The meridian 156° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 156th meridian west forms a great circle with the 24th meridian east.
El Ogla, El Oued
El Ogla (Arabic: اﻟﻌﻘﻠﺔ) is a town and commune in Robbah District, El Oued Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 6,102, up from 4,715 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 2.7%.

El Oued Province
El Oued (Arabic: ولاية الوادي, Berber languages: ⴻⵍ oⵓⴻⴷ) is a Saharan province of Algeria (n° 39) dominated by Oued Souf. It was named after its eponymous capital. Notable towns include El Oued itself and Guemar.
Clear Creek High School (League City, Texas)
Clear Creek High School is located in League City, Texas, in the Clear Creek Independent School District. The school serves most of League City and the cities of Kemah, Clear Lake Shores, Nassau Bay, and Webster.

The school colors are maroon and white. The school's mascot is Willie the Wildcat.

Kemah, Texas
Kemah (/ˈkiːmə/ KEE-mə) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, southeast of Houston along west Galveston Bay. The city's population was 1,807 at the 2020 census, down from 2,330 at the 2000 census. Located in Galveston County, Kemah's main industry is shipping. Originally a small fishing town, the city has become a tourist destination for the area's restaurants and attractions, which are contained within the Kemah Entertainment District. In 2012 Kemah was ranked the top tourism spot in the Greater Houston area.
Bally's Corporation
Bally's Corporation is an American gambling, betting, and interactive entertainment company headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island. In the US it operates 19 casinos across 11 states, a horse track in Colorado, a golf course in New York, and online sports betting operations in 14 states. In Australia, it operates two properties across two states through its Star Entertainment Group subsidiary.

The company was founded in 2004 as BLB Investors. It eventually changed its name to Twin River Worldwide Holdings. In 2020, the company acquired the rights to the Bally's brand from Caesars Entertainment and changed its own name to Bally's Corporation.

Arapahoe Park
Bally's Arapahoe Park is a horse-racing track in Arapahoe County, Colorado on the outskirts of Aurora, owned and operated by Bally's Corporation.  Located at 26000 East Quincy Avenue, Arapahoe Park hosts Thoroughbred, Quarter Horse, Paint Horse and Arabian horse racing.

The racing season generally begins in mid-May and continues through the late spring into the summer, wrapping up in mid-August.  The track is home to the Mile High Futurity and the Mile High Derby, both quarter horse stakes races with final purses of over $100,000.  For Thoroughbreds, the meet's marque race is the Gold Rush Futurity, a 2 year old stakes race going six furlongs for $100,000 in purse monies. Arapahoe Park also hosts four graded stakes races, all for Arabian horses.
Japanese sword mountings
Japanese sword mountings are the various housings and associated fittings (tosogu) that hold the blade of a Japanese sword when it is being worn or stored. Koshirae (拵え) refers to the ornate mountings of a Japanese sword (e.g. katana) used when the sword blade is being worn by its owner, whereas the shirasaya is a plain undecorated wooden mounting composed of a saya and tsuka that the sword blade is stored in when not being used.

Scabbard
A scabbard is a sheath for holding a sword, dagger, knife, or similar edged weapons. Rifles and other long guns may also be stored in scabbards by horse riders for transportation. Military cavalry and cowboys had scabbards for their saddle ring carbines and rifles for transportation and protection. Scabbards have been made of many materials over the millennia, including leather, wood, and metal such as brass or steel.

Most commonly, sword scabbards were worn suspended from a sword belt or shoulder belt called a baldric.
Auburn Adventist Academy
Auburn Adventist Academy (formerly Western Washington Missionary Academy and Auburn Academy) is a co-educational, Seventh-day Adventist, boarding high school in Auburn, Washington, United States that was founded in 1919. It is operated by the Washington Conference of Seventh-day Adventists and is part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Auburn, Washington
Auburn is a city in King County, Washington, United States (with a small portion crossing into neighboring Pierce County). The population was 87,256 at the 2020 Census, and was estimated at 85,513 in 2024. Auburn is a suburb in the Seattle metropolitan area, and is currently ranked as the 15th most populous city in the state of Washington.

The Muckleshoot Indian Reservation lies to the south and southeast.
Ramesh Talwar
Ramesh Talwar is an Indian film, theatre, television and film director, co-producer and actor. He is the nephew of the film writer, short story writer and playwright Sagar Sarhadi. Talwar began his career as a child artist in Love in Simla (1960), Dhool Ka Phool (1959) and Phool Aur Kaliyan (1960) (produced by V Shantaram; directed by Ram Gabale) which was a National Award winner – Gold medal for best children's film.

He was Yash Chopra's assistant director between 1969 and 1979 and directed several films 1977 onwards. He is best known for directing  – Baseraa (1981) which garnered him a Filmfare Best Director Award nomination and Doosra Aadmi. He is also known for directing numerous plays in theatre.

Zamana (1985 film)
Zamana (transl. Times) is a 1985 Indian Hindi-language action film. Directed by Ramesh Talwar, the film stars Rajesh Khanna, Rishi Kapoor, Poonam Dhillon, and Ranjeeta, along with Kulbhushan Kharbanda, Om Puri, Girish Karnad, Avtar Gill, Mac Mohan, Satyendra Kapoor from the supporting cast.

The screenplay was written by the screenwriting duo of Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar, also known as "Salim-Javed", who parted ways in 1982.
Energy policy of Malaysia
The energy policy of Malaysia is determined by the Malaysian Government, which address issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption. The Department of Electricity and Gas Supply acts as the regulator while other players in the energy sector include energy supply and service companies, research and development institutions and consumers. Government-linked companies Petronas and Tenaga Nasional Berhad are major players in Malaysia's energy sector.

Governmental agencies that contribute to the policy are the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, Energy Commission (Suruhanjaya Tenaga), and the Malaysia Energy Centre (Pusat Tenaga Malaysia).  Among the documents that the policy is based on are the 1974 Petroleum Development Act, 1975 National Petroleum Policy, 1980 National Depletion Policy, 1990 Electricity Supply Act, 1993 Gas Supply Acts, 1994 Electricity Regulations, 1997 Gas Supply Regulation and the 2001 Energy Commission Act.

National Grid (Malaysia)
National Grid, Malaysia (Malay: Grid Nasional) is the high-voltage electric power transmission network in Peninsular Malaysia. It is operated and owned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) by its Transmission Division. There are two other electrical grids in Sabah and Sarawak operated by Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB) and Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB).

The system spans the whole of Peninsular Malaysia, transporting electricity in bulk from power generators owned by TNB and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) to distributors. The grid also transports directly to large industrial customers, such as steel mills and fertilizer plants.
Primula malacoides
Primula malacoides, called the fairy primrose or baby primrose, is a perennial species of Primula native to the Himalayas, Assam in India, Myanmar, and south-central and south east China. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Primula
Primula (/ˈprɪmjʊlə/) is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. They include the primrose (P. vulgaris), a familiar wildflower of banks and verges. Other common species are P. auricula (auricula), P. veris (cowslip), and P. elatior (oxlip). These species and many others are valued for their ornamental flowers. They have been extensively cultivated and hybridised (in the case of the primrose, for many hundreds of years). Primula are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and New Guinea, and in temperate southern South America. Almost half of the known species are from the Himalayas.

Primula has over 500 species in traditional treatments, and more if certain related genera are included within its circumscription.
Mabibo
Mabibo (Kata ya Mabibo, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Ubungo District of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Manzese and Ubungo border the ward to the north. Makurumla and Mburahati border the ward to the east. Kigogo and Tabata, the latter of which is in Ilala and former of Kinondoni, are to the south. The Makuburi ward is to the west. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 85,735.

Tabata, Ilala
Tabata (Kata ya Tabata, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward of the Ilala Municipical Council of  the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. The ward is bordered to the north by the Ubungo MC wards of Makuburi and Mabibo. Kigogo of Kinondoni MC form the eastern boundary of the ward. Vingunguti and Buguruni are to the south. lastly, the Segerea and Kimanga wards in the west. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 74,742.
Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000
Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 was a law passed by the parliament of India in 2000. Loksabha and Rajya sabha passed the bill on 2 and 11 August respectively and on 15 November 2000, which enabled creation of Jharkhand State out of Bihar. The law was introduced by the NDA government headed by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to fulfil an election promise.

Jharkhand High Court
Jharkhand High Court is the High Court for the Indian state of Jharkhand. It was established on 15 November 2000, following the bifurcation of the state of Bihar and succeeded the jurisdiction previously exercised by the Patna High Court over the region. Since 24 May 2023, the High Court has been functioning from a newly constructed complex at Dhurwa, Ranchi, which was inaugurated by President Droupadi Murmu. The campus is spread across 165 acres, making it the largest High Court complex in India by area.
Paratwada
Paratwada, formerly known as Paltanwada and also known as "Achalpur Camp" is a city and a municipal council in Amravati District in the Indian state of Maharashtra.  It is also the second most populous city in Amravati District after Amravati and seventh most populous city in Vidarbha. It has a twin city known as Achalpur. Paratwada is a gateway to the Melghat region which has one of the biggest Tiger conservation projects in India.

Achalpur
Achalpur (Marathi pronunciation: [ətsəlpur]), formerly known as Ellichpur and Illychpur, is a city and a municipal council in Amravati District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the second most populous city in Amravati District after Amravati and seventh most populous city in Vidarbha. Achalpur camp is known as Paratwada.
Greenport station
Greenport is the terminus of the Main Line (Greenport Branch) of the Long Island Rail Road. It is officially located at Wiggins Street and Fourth Street in the Village of Greenport, in Suffolk County, New York – although the property spans as far east as 3rd Street and the Shelter Island North Ferry terminal.

North Ferry
The North Ferry is a ferry service that links Shelter Island, New York, with Greenport, New York. With the South Ferry service, it forms part of New York State Route 114 and provides a link between the North and South Forks of Long Island.
Middlebury River
The Middlebury River is a tributary river of Otter Creek in Addison County, Vermont. Three branches feed the river from origins in Green Mountain National Forest. The river is 18.6 miles (29.9 km) long, has a watershed of 62.8 square miles (163 km2), and is located southeast of Lake Champlain. The river passes through Ripton, Middlebury and Salisbury.

Otter Creek (Vermont)
Otter Creek is the longest river entirely contained within the borders of Vermont.  Roughly 112 miles (180 km) long, it is the primary watercourse running through Rutland County and Addison County. The mouth of the river flows into Lake Champlain.

Settled by indigenous peoples at least 10-11,000 years ago, the river was an important economic region for indigenous people before European settlement. The river became an important economic region for settlers, who took advantage of the river for agriculture and industry through the 18th and 19th centuries.
QOTD
The Quote of the Day (QOTD) service is a member of the Internet protocol suite, defined in 1983 in RFC 865 by Jon Postel. As indicated there, the QOTD concept predated the specification, when QOTD was used by mainframe sysadmins to broadcast a daily quote on request by a user. It was then formally codified both for prior purposes as well as for testing and measurement purposes.

A host may connect to a server that supports the QOTD protocol, on either TCP or UDP port 17. To keep the quotes at a reasonable length, RFC 865 specifies a maximum of 512 octets for the quote.

The QOTD service is rarely enabled and is often firewalled to avoid denial-of-service attacks.

Current testing and measurement of IP networks is more commonly done with ping and traceroute, which are more robust adaptations of the echo protocol (RFC 862), which predated the attempt at QOTD standardization.

Echo Protocol
The Echo Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in 1983 in RFC 862 by Jon Postel. It was originally proposed as a way to test and measure an IP network.

A host may connect to a server that supports the Echo Protocol using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on the well-known port number 7. The server sends back an identical copy of the data it received.
Bersone
Bersone (Barsùn in local dialect) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 290 and an area of 9.8 square kilometres (3.8 sq mi). It was merged with Daone and Praso on January 1, 2015, to form a new municipality, Valdaone.

Bersone borders the following municipalities: Daone, Praso, Pieve di Bono, Prezzo, and Castel Condino.

Valdaone
Valdaone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Trentino in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

It was established on 1 January 2015 by the merger of the municipalities of Bersone, Daone and Praso.
Truro RFC
Truro RFC is a Cornish rugby union club based in the city of Truro and was formed in 1885. The club's colours are blue and gold and they operate two senior men's teams, a women's team, a colts side and various mini/junior teams (ages 7–16).  The men's first team currently play in Counties 1 Western West – a league at level 7 in the English rugby union system.

Truro
Truro (/ˈtrʊəroʊ/ ⓘ; Cornish: Truru) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Cornwall, England. It is the southernmost city in the United Kingdom, and lies 232 miles (373 km) west-south-west of London. It is Cornwall's county town, only city, and a centre for administration, leisure and shopping. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 21,046 and the population of the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which included the Gloweth and Treliske areas in the neighbouring parish of Kenwyn) was 23,060.

Truro grew as a trade centre through its port and as a stannary town for tin mining. It was awarded city status in 1877 following the creation of the Diocese of Truro the previous year. Truro Cathedral was built between 1880 and 1910. Truro is home to Cornwall Council, the Royal Cornwall Museum, the Hall for Cornwall and Cornwall's Courts of Justice. People from Truro are called Truronians.
RD-191
The RD-191 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-191, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-191, lit. 'Rocket Engine 191') is a high-performance single-combustion chamber rocket engine, developed in Russia and sold by Roscosmos. It is derived from the RD-180 dual-combustion chamber engine, which itself was derived in turn from the four-chamber RD-170 originally used in the Energia launcher.

The RD-191 is fueled by a kerosene / LOX mixture and uses an oxygen-rich staged combustion cycle. In the future the engine is expected to become a workhorse in the Russian space sector, as older launch vehicles are phased out of production and service.

Angara (rocket family)
The Angara rocket family (Russian: Ангара) is a family of launch vehicles being developed by the Moscow-based Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. The launch vehicles are to put between 3,800 kg (8,400 lb) and 24,500 kg (54,000 lb) into low Earth orbit and are intended, along with Soyuz-2 variants, to replace several existing launch vehicles.
Acer Inc.
Acer Inc. (/ˈeɪsər/; AY-sər) is a Taiwanese multinational company that produces computer hardware and electronics, headquartered in Xizhi District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Its products include desktop PCs, laptop PCs (clamshells, 2-in-1s, convertibles and Chromebooks), tablets, servers, storage devices, virtual reality devices, displays, smartphones, televisions and peripherals, as well as gaming PCs and accessories under its Predator brand. As of 2024, Acer is the world's sixth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales.

In the early 2000s, Acer implemented a new business model, shifting from a manufacturer to a designer, marketer, and distributor of products, while performing production processes via contract manufacturers. Currently, in addition to its core IT products business, Acer also has a new business entity that focuses on the integration of cloud services and platforms, and the development of smartphones and wearable devices with value-added IoT applications.

Micro-Professor MPF-I
The Micro-Professor MPF-I is a microcomputer developed by Multitech (later Acer) and released in 1981. It was the company's first branded product and served as a training system for learning machine code and assembly language for the Zilog Z80 microprocessor. After releasing several iterations of the product, Acer sold the product line to Flite Electronics in 1993.
Oh-My-God particle
The Oh-My-God particle (as physicists dubbed it) was an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray detected on 15 October 1991 by the Fly's Eye camera in Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, United States. As of 2026, it is the highest-energy cosmic ray ever observed. Its energy was estimated as (3.2±0.9)×1020 eV (320 exaelectronvolt). The particle's energy was unexpected and called into question prevailing theories about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays.

Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
In astroparticle physics, an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) is a cosmic ray with an energy greater than 1 EeV (1018 electronvolts, approximately 0.16 joules), far beyond both the rest mass and energies typical of other cosmic ray particles. The origin of these highest energy cosmic rays is not known.

These particles are extremely rare; between 2004 and 2007, the initial runs of the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) detected 27 events with estimated arrival energies above 5.7×1019 eV, that is, about one such event every four weeks in the 3000 km2 (1200 mi2) area surveyed by the observatory.
Spherical coordinate system
In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system specifies a given point in three-dimensional space by using a distance and two angles as its three coordinates. These are

the radial distance r along the line connecting the point to a fixed point called the origin;

the polar angle θ between this radial line and a given polar axis; and

the azimuthal angle φ, which is the angle of rotation of the radial line around the polar axis.

(See graphic regarding the "physics convention".)

Once the radius is fixed, the three coordinates (r, θ, φ), known as a 3-tuple, provide a coordinate system on a sphere, typically called the spherical polar coordinates.
The plane passing through the origin and perpendicular to the polar axis (where the polar angle is a right angle) is called the reference plane (sometimes fundamental plane).

Multiple integral
In mathematics (specifically multivariable calculus), a multiple integral is a definite integral of a function of several real variables, for instance, f(x, y) or f(x, y, z).

Integrals of a function of two variables over a region in  (the real-number plane) are called double integrals, and integrals of a function of three variables over a region in  (real-number 3D space) are called triple integrals.
Linear least squares
Linear least squares (LLS) is the least squares approximation of linear functions to data.
It is a set of formulations for solving statistical problems involved in linear regression, including variants for ordinary (unweighted), weighted, and generalized (correlated) residuals.
Numerical methods for linear least squares include inverting the matrix of the normal equations and orthogonal decomposition methods.

Total least squares
In applied statistics, total least squares is a type of errors-in-variables regression, a least squares data modeling technique in which observational errors on both dependent and independent variables are taken into account. It is a generalization of Deming regression and also of orthogonal regression, and can be applied to both linear and non-linear models.

The total least squares approximation of the data is generically equivalent to the best, in the Frobenius norm, low-rank approximation of the data matrix.