hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fernando J. Corbató
Fernando José "Corby" Corbató (July 1, 1926 – July 12, 2019) was an American computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in the development of time-sharing operating systems. He won the 1990 ACM Turing Award.

Time-sharing
In computing, time-sharing is the concurrent sharing of a computing resource among many tasks or users by giving each task or user a small slice of processing time. This quick switch between tasks or users gives the illusion of simultaneous execution. It enables multi-tasking by a single user or enables multiple-user sessions.

Developed during the 1960s, its emergence as the prominent model of computing in the 1970s represented a major technological shift in the history of computing. By allowing many users to interact concurrently with a single computer, time-sharing dramatically lowered the cost of providing computing capability, made it possible for individuals and organizations to use a computer without owning one, and promoted the interactive use of computers and the development of new interactive applications.
Johnny Otis
Johnny Otis (December 28, 1921 – January 17, 2012), born Ioannis Alexandres Veliotes (Greek: Ιωάννης Αλέξανδρος Βελιώτης), was an American singer, musician, composer, bandleader, record producer, talent scout, and preacher. He was a seminal influence on American R&B and rock and roll. He discovered numerous artists early in their careers who went on to become highly successful in their own right, including Little Esther Phillips, Etta James, Alan O'Day, Big Mama Thornton, Johnny Ace, Jackie Wilson, Little Willie John, Hank Ballard, and The Robins, Sugar Pie DeSanto, among many others. Otis has been called the "Godfather of Rhythm and Blues".

Sugar Pie DeSanto
Peylia Marsema Balinton (October 16, 1935 – December 20, 2024), known professionally as Sugar Pie DeSanto, was an American R&B singer and dancer, whose career in music flourished in the 1950s and 1960s.
Dacia Easy-R
The Dacia Easy-R is an automated manual transmission used by Renault and Dacia that uses electro-mechanical actuation (rather than electro-hydraulic actuation) to automate the gear shifts. The Easy-R uses a traditional manual gearbox with a computer-controlled, electronic clutch; the gear shifts are automatic, and the need for a clutch pedal is eliminated. The number of parts has been reduced by a quarter, ensuring better reliability and simplified maintenance.

Easy-R was available in the Logan, Logan MCV, and Sandero models. It was also available in the Duster and currently it is still available in the Renault Kwid and Renault Triber. There are two versions: the 5-speed JS3 used in petrol engines and the 6-speed TS4 001 used in diesel engines.

The Dacia Easy-R gearbox was a resounding failure, and now Dacia has switched to using CVT gearboxes on its new models.

Automobile Dacia
S.C. Automobile Dacia S.A., commonly known as Dacia (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdatʃi.a] ⓘ), is a Romanian car manufacturer that takes its name from the historical region that constitutes present-day Romania. The company was established in 1966. In 1999, after 33 years, the Romanian government sold Dacia to the French car manufacturer Groupe Renault. It is Romania's largest company by revenue and the largest exporter, constituting 8% of the country's total exports in 2018. In 2024, the Dacia marque sold 676,340 passenger and commercial vehicles.

From January 2021 onwards the Dacia company became part of Renault's Dacia-Lada business unit. In May 2022, Renault sold Lada's parent company AvtoVAZ to Russian state-owned institute NAMI.
Borgo Priolo
Borgo Priolo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 km south of Milan and about 25 km south of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,399 and an area of 29.0 km².

Borgo Priolo borders the following municipalities: Borgoratto Mormorolo, Calvignano, Casteggio, Fortunago, Montalto Pavese, Montebello della Battaglia, Montesegale, Rocca Susella, Torrazza Coste.

Calvignano
Calvignano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 km south of Milan and about 20 km south of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 112 and an area of 6.9 km².

Calvignano borders the following municipalities: Borgo Priolo, Casteggio, Corvino San Quirico, Montalto Pavese, Oliva Gessi.
Lonchocarpus urucu
Lonchocarpus urucu, or barbasco, is plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the tropical forests of Peru, as well as of Brazil and Guyana, growing from 100–1,800 metres (330–5,910 ft) above sea level. It was also recorded in Venezuela.

Cubé resin, the root extract from Barbasco and from cubé (Lonchocarpus utilis), is used as a commercial insecticide and piscicide (fish poison).  The major active ingredients are rotenone and deguelin.  Although "organic" (produced by nature), rotenone is no longer considered an environmentally safe chemical.

Rotenone
Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine, and in the roots of several other members of the Fabaceae. It was the first-described member of the family of chemical compounds known as rotenoids. Rotenone is approved for use as a piscicide to remove alien fish species, see Uses. It has also been used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, but its use as an insecticide has been banned in many countries.
Knockin' Da Boots
"Knockin' da Boots" is a song by American R&B vocal group H-Town, released in March 1993, by Luke Records, as the debut single from their first album, Fever for da Flavor (1993). The song became one of the biggest R&B singles of 1993 according to the US Billboard charts, where it peaked at number three on the Hot 100 for seven weeks, and also topped the Hot R&B chart for four weeks, helping win the band a Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist. The song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold over 1.1 million copies. The song contains replayed elements of "Be Alright" by Zapp. The term "Knockin' da Boots" means to have "sexual intercourse" with one another. In a profile of distinguished lawyer Kristine A. Huskey, Marie Claire magazine reported that Huskey had appeared as a dancer in the song's music video while attending law school.

Be Alright (Zapp song)
"Be Alright" is a song performed by the American funk band Zapp. The song was written, arranged, composed, performed and produced by Roger Troutman.

It was issued as the second and final single from the band's eponymous debut album. The song peaked at No. 26 on the Billboard R&B chart in 1981.
Pararealgar
Pararealgar is an arsenic sulfide mineral with the chemical formula As4S4, also represented as AsS. It forms gradually from realgar under exposure to light. Its name derives from the fact that its elemental composition is identical to realgar, As4S4. It is soft with a Mohs hardness of 1 - 1.5, is yellow orange in colour, and its monoclinic prismatic crystals are very brittle, easily crumbling to powder.

It is one of the sulfides of arsenic and is one of two isomers of As4S4. It forms upon exposure of the symmetrical isomer to light. Its name derives from the fact that its elemental composition is identical to realgar, As4S4.

Sulfide mineral
The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) or disulfide (S2−2) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts.  Sulfide minerals are inorganic compounds.
Kerangan Pinggai
Kerangan Pinggai (also known as Krangan Pinggai) is a longhouse on the Paku river in the Saratok division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 133.6 kilometres (83 mi) east of the state capital Kuching.

Benedict Sandin, Iban ethnologist, historian, and Curator of the Sarawak Museum in Kuching was born in Kerangan Pinggai in 1918.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Belabak 0 kilometres (0.0 mi) north

Matop 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) west

Tanjong 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) west

Samu 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) north

Beduru 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest

Pelandok 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest

Udau 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Engkerbai 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Sengiam 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north

Pelawa 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) southwest

Matop
Matop is a settlement in the Spaoh division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 131.8 kilometres (82 mi) east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Tanjong 0 kilometres (0.0 mi) north

Kerangan Pinggai 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) east

Belabak 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) east

Beduru 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) south

Pelandok 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) south

Samu 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Udau 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast

Engkerbai 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast

Pelawa 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest

Sengiam 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast
IAI RQ-5 Hunter
The IAI RQ-5 Hunter is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) originally intended to serve as the United States Army's Short Range UAV system for division and corps commanders. It took off and landed (using arresting gear) on runways.  It used a gimbaled EO/IR sensor to relay its video in real time via a second airborne Hunter over a C-band line-of-sight data link. The RQ-5 is based on the Hunter UAV that was developed by Israel Aerospace Industries.

GBU-44/B Viper Strike
The GBU-44/B Viper Strike glide bomb was a GPS-aided laser-guided variant of the Northrop Grumman Brilliant Anti-Tank (BAT) munition which originally had a combination acoustic and infrared homing seeker. The system was initially intended for use from UAVs, and it was also integrated with the Lockheed AC-130 gunship, giving that aircraft a precision stand-off capability. The Viper Strike design is now owned by MBDA.
Lyapiske
The Lyapiske (Russian: Ляписке; Yakut: Лээпискэ, Leepiske), also known as Lepiske or Lyampushka (Russian: Лямпушка), is a river in the Kobyaysky District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is a tributary of the Lena, with a length of 299 kilometres (186 mi) and a drainage basin area of 10,300 square kilometres (4,000 sq mi). There are no settlements in the area of the river.

In the International scale of river difficulty the Lyapiske is a Class II destination for rafting and kayaking.

Lena River
The Lena is a river in the Russian Far East and is the easternmost river of the three great rivers of Siberia which flow into the Arctic Ocean, the others being Ob and Yenisey. The Lena River is 4,294 km (2,668 mi) long and has a capacious drainage basin of 2,490,000 km2 (960,000 mi2); thus the Lena is the eleventh-longest river in the world and the longest river entirely within Russia. Geographically, permafrost underlies all the Lena River's catchment and it is continuous in over 75 percent of the basin.
Chadwicks, New York
Chadwicks is a census-designated place in the town of New Hartford in Oneida County, New York, United States. Chadwicks is part of the Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Currently, residents of Chadwicks attend local schooling from the nearby hamlet of Sauquoit.

The death of Lucas Leonard occurred in Chadwicks in 2015.

Oneida County, New York
Oneida County (/oʊˈnaɪdə/ oh-NYE-də) is a county in the state of New York, United States. As of February 26, 2024, the population was 226,654. The county seat is Utica.

The county is named in honor of the Oneida, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois League or Haudenosaunee, which had long occupied this territory at the time of European encounter and colonization. The federally recognized Oneida Indian Nation has had a reservation in the region since the late 18th century, after the American Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state. Oneida County is part of the Utica–Rome, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
John McDowell Leavitt
John McDowell Leavitt (May 10, 1824 – December 12, 1909) was an early Ohio lawyer, Episcopal clergyman, poet, novelist, editor and professor. Leavitt served as the second President  of Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and as President of St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland.

Humphrey H. Leavitt
Humphrey Howe Leavitt (June 18, 1796 – March 15, 1873) was a United States representative from Ohio and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Ohio and the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio.
Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests
The Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests, presently known as East Deccan moist deciduous forests, is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in east-central India. The ecoregion covers an area of 341,100 square kilometers (131,700 sq mi), extending across portions of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Telangana states.

Simlipal National Park
Simlipal National Park (ISO: Śimiḷipāḷa Jātīya Udyāna) is a national park and tiger reserve in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Odisha covering 2,750 km2 (1,060 sq mi). It is part of the Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve, which includes three protected areas, Simlipal Tiger Reserve, Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary with 191.06 km2 (73.77 sq mi) and Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary with 272.75 km2 (105.31 sq mi). Simlipal National Park derives its name from the abundance of red silk cotton trees growing in the area.

The park is home to Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, gaur, and chausingha. Its tiger population has a notably high occurrence of pseudo-melanism as a result of inbreeding, making it the subject of genetic study and conservation efforts.

This protected area is part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 2009.
History of optics
Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term τα ὀπτικά meaning 'appearance, look'. Optics was significantly reformed by the developments in the medieval Islamic world, such as the beginnings of physical and physiological optics, and then significantly advanced in early modern Europe, where diffractive optics began. These earlier studies on optics are now known as "classical optics". The term "modern optics" refers to areas of optical research that largely developed in the 20th century, such as wave optics and quantum optics.

Book of Optics
The Book of Optics (Arabic: كتاب المناظر, romanized: Kitāb al-Manāẓir; Latin: De Aspectibus or Perspectiva; Italian: Deli Aspecti) is a seven-volume treatise on optics and other fields of study composed by the medieval Arab scholar Ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen or Alhacen (965 – c. 1040 AD).

The Book of Optics presented experimentally founded arguments against the widely held extramission theory of vision (as held by Euclid in his Optica), and proposed the modern intromission theory, the now accepted model that vision takes place by light entering the eye.: 60–67  The book is also noted for its early use of the scientific method, its description of the camera obscura, and its formulation of Alhazen's problem. The book extensively affected the development of optics, physics and mathematics in Europe between the 13th and 17th centuries.
Brandon Mebane
Brandon Jerome Mebane MEE-bayn; (born January 15, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He attended Crenshaw High School in Los Angeles. He played college football for the California Golden Bears. He was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the third round of the 2007 NFL draft. He also played in the NFL for the San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers.

Crenshaw High School
Crenshaw High School is a four-year public secondary school in the Los Angeles Unified School District, located on 11th Avenue in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.

The school first opened in 1968 and currently enrolls around 750 students.
Gulfstream Aerospace Flight 153
Gulfstream Aerospace Flight 153 was a test flight with a Gulfstream G650 on the April 2, 2011. The second G650 test aircraft crashed during takeoff from the Roswell International Air Center, New Mexico, killing the four crew members on board.

The aircraft was conducting a test involving a single-engine start to simulate an engine failure. The G650 became airborne briefly at a high angle of attack before its right wingtip hit the runway; then it slid on the ground, struck a concrete berm, and caught fire.

Roswell International Air Center
Roswell Air Center (IATA: ROW, ICAO: KROW, FAA LID: ROW) (Roswell International Air Center; Roswell Industrial Air Center) is an airport five miles (8.0 km) south of Roswell, in Chaves County, New Mexico, United States.
ROF Nottingham
Royal Ordnance Factory (ROF) Nottingham opened in 1936 in The Meadows, Nottingham, United Kingdom. It was one of a number of Royal Ordnance Factories created in the build up to World War II. During the war the site employed up to four thousand workers. The factory was closed in 2001.

The site that had been used for manufacturing, mainly of arms, since 1916.

Royal Small Arms Factory
The Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF), also known by the metonym Enfield, was a UK government-owned rifle factory in Enfield, adjoining the Lee Navigation in the Lea Valley. Some parts were in Waltham Abbey. The factory produced British military rifles, muskets and swords from 1816. It closed in 1988, but some of its work was transferred to other sites.

The factory designed and manufactured many famous British Army weapons including the Lee–Enfield rifles which were standard equipment during both World Wars.
Panellinios V.C.
Panellinios V.C. is the men's volleyball section of Panellinios G.S., the Greek multi-sports club, that is based in Athens. It was one of the first volleyball clubs in Greece, and is also one of the most successful, since it has won six Greek Championships. Panellinios also has a women's team that has won two Greek Women's Championships, and one Greek Women's Cup.

Panellinios G.S.
Panellinios Gymnastikos Syllogos (Greek: Πανελλήνιος Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος, lit. 'Panhellenic Gymnastic Club'), is a Greek multi-sport club that is located in Athens and was founded on 20 February 1891. It is one of the oldest and more successful multi-sports clubs in Greece and also one of the oldest sports clubs in Europe.

The name Panellinios can be translated as Pan-Hellenic in English, and may be used as an adjective that embraces the Greek Nation. Gymnastikos Syllogos can be translated as gymnastics club. Therefore, the club's full name can be translated and/or interpreted as Pan-Hellenic Gymnastics Club.

The Greek multi-sports club Panathinaikos A.O. was founded by Giorgos Kalafatis in 1908, when he and 40 other athletes decided to break away from Panellinios Gymnastikos Syllogos, following the club's decision to discontinue its football team.
Armitage
Armitage is a village in the Lichfield district, in Staffordshire, England, on the Trent and Mersey Canal south of Rugeley and north of Lichfield. With the village of Handsacre it forms the civil parish of Armitage with Handsacre, which had a population of 5,335 at the 2011 Census.

Armitage is the home of Armitage Shanks sanitary porcelain factory. Its parish church, St. John the Baptist church, is at the north end of the village. The organ of St John the Baptist church is of particular interest due to its size, age and history. The organ was built in 1789 for nearby Lichfield Cathedral, but moved here in 1865, commissioned by the then organist Josiah Spode (IV) who resided at nearby Hawkesyard estate, also known as Spode House. Armitage is served by Chaserider bus services 826 and 828 connecting to Lichfield, Rugeley and Stafford.

Lichfield District
Lichfield District (UK: /ˈlɪtʃˌfiːld/) is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. The district is named after its largest settlement, the city of Lichfield, which is where the district council is based. The district also contains the towns of Burntwood and Fazeley, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas, including part of Cannock Chase, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Cannock Chase, Stafford, East Staffordshire, South Derbyshire, North West Leicestershire, North Warwickshire, Tamworth, Birmingham and Walsall.
Vintage clothing
Vintage clothing is clothing that originates from a previous era. The term vintage clothing can also be applied in reference to second-hand retail outlets, e.g. in "vintage clothing store". While the concept originated during World War I as a response to textile shortages, vintage dressing encompasses choosing accessories, mixing vintage garments with new, as well as creating an ensemble of various styles and periods. Vintage clothes typically sell at low prices for high-end name brands.

Vintage clothing can be found in cities at local boutiques or local charities, or on the internet through digital second-hand shopping websites. Vintage fashion has seen a reemergence in popularity within the 21st century due to increased prevalence of vintage pieces in the media and among celebrities, as well as consumer interests in sustainability and slow fashion.

Charity shop
A charity shop is a retail establishment run by a charitable organization to raise money. Charity shops are a type of social enterprise. They sell mainly used goods such as clothing, books, collectibles, music albums, shoes, toys, and furniture donated by the public, and are often staffed by volunteers. Because the items for sale were obtained for free, and business costs are low, the items can be sold at competitive prices. After costs are paid, all remaining income from the sales is used in accord with the organization's stated charitable purpose. Costs include purchase and/or depreciation of fixtures (clothing racks, bookshelves, counters, etc.), operating costs (maintenance, municipal service fees, electricity, heat, telephone, limited advertising) and the building lease or mortgage.

Shopping can be done in a physical shop, or online. Some charity shops are online only.
Wiveliscombe Town Hall
Wiveliscombe Town Hall is a historic building on The Square in Wiveliscombe, a town in Somerset, in England. The building, which accommodates a series of retail businesses on the ground floor and an assembly room on the first floor, is a grade II listed building.

Wiveliscombe
Wiveliscombe (/ˈwɪvəlɪskəm, ˌwɪvəˈlɪskəm/, locally /ˈwɪlskəm/) is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 9 miles (14 km) west of Taunton. The town has a population of 2,893. The Square, fronted by several listed structures, held the former market. The parish includes the nearby hamlet of Maundown.