hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mark Sykes
Colonel Sir Tatton Benvenuto Mark Sykes, 6th Baronet (16 March 1879 – 16 February 1919) was an English traveller, Conservative Party politician, and diplomatic advisor, particularly with regard to the Middle East at the time of the First World War.

He is associated with the Sykes–Picot Agreement, drawn up while the war was in progress regarding the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire, and was a key negotiator of the Balfour Declaration.

Shane Leslie
Sir John Randolph Leslie, 3rd Baronet (24 September 1885 – 14 August 1971), commonly known by his nickname, Shane Leslie, was an Anglo-Irish diplomat and writer. He was a first cousin of Sir Winston Churchill.  In 1908, Leslie became a Roman Catholic and supported Irish Home Rule.
John T. Arundel
John T. Arundel (1 September 1841 – 30 November 1919) was an English entrepreneur who was instrumental in the development of the mining of phosphate rock on the Pacific islands of Nauru and Banaba (Ocean Island). Williams & Macdonald (1985) described him as "a remarkable example of that mid-Victorian phenomenon, the upright, pious and adventurous Christian English businessman."

Albert Ellis (prospector)
Sir Albert Fuller Ellis CMG (28 August 1869 – 11 July 1951) was a New Zealand prospector in the Pacific. He discovered phosphate deposits on the Pacific islands of Nauru and Banaba (Ocean Island) in 1900. He was the British Phosphate Commissioner for New Zealand from 1921 to 1951.
Igloo
An igloo (Inuit languages: iglu or  illu, Inuktitut syllabics ᐃᒡᓗ [iɣˈlu]; plural: igluit ᐃᒡᓗᐃᑦ [iɣluˈit]), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of suitable snow.

Although igloos are often associated with all Inuit, they were traditionally used only by the people of Canada's Central Arctic and the Qaanaaq area of Greenland. Other Inuit tended to use snow to insulate their houses, which were constructed from whalebone and hides.

Snow is used because the air pockets trapped in it make it an insulator. Known as the igloo effect, on the outside, temperatures may be as low as −45 °C (−49 °F), but on the inside, the temperature may range from −7 to 16 °C (19 to 61 °F) when warmed by body heat alone.

Igloo effect
The Igloo effect refers to the phenomenon that allows igloos and similar structures to remain warm on the inside, despite being made of snow and located in frigid environments. The effect is primarily due to two factors: insulation and body heat.
Audi Nuvolari quattro
The Audi Nuvolari quattro (also known as the Audi Lisvina) was a concept car created by German automaker Audi. The vehicle was introduced at the 2003 Geneva Motor Show, the second of three Audi concept cars shown in 2003, after the Pikes Peak quattro and ahead of the Le Mans quattro.

The Nuvolari quattro had a 5.0 L twin-turbocharged V10 Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) engine rated at 441 kW (600 PS; 591 bhp) and 750 N⋅m (553 lbf⋅ft). The car used Audi's Torsen-based quattro permanent four-wheel drive system.

The Nuvolari quattro was named after Tazio Nuvolari.

Audi showed the Audi Nuvolari with LED headlights, one of the first cars to have them.

Audi Pikes Peak quattro
The Audi Pikes Peak quattro was a sport utility vehicle concept car.  It was created by German premium automobile manufacturer, Audi.  The Pikes Peak quattro was first introduced at the 2003 North American International Auto Show. It was the first of three concept cars designed by Audi and shown in 2003, ahead of the Nuvolari quattro and the Le Mans quattro.

The Pikes Peak quattro was named after the famed hillclimbing course, Pikes Peak in the Rocky Mountains, which they had taken overall wins and broken records during the 1980s, due to the off-road capability of the Audi Quattro and the Audi Sport Quattro.

The Pikes Peak quattro design was subsequently developed into the production Audi Q7.
Tatuus FT-60
The Tatuus FT-60 is an open-wheel formula race car, jointly designed, developed and built by Italian manufacturer Tatuus and Toyota Gazoo Racing New Zealand that has been used in the Formula Regional Oceania Championship since 2020.

The vehicle is equipped with a Toyota engine which has also more displacement than the Alfa Romeo and Renault Sport engines used in the Tatuus F3 T-318 and Tatuus FR-19 race cars.

After the cancellation of the 2022 Toyota Racing Series, the cars were loaned to the W Series for the races in Barcelona and Singapore in order to reduce the transport costs of delivering Tatuus F3 T-318 cars.

Formula Regional Oceania Trophy
The Formula Regional Oceania Trophy is New Zealand's premier formula racing category. The series includes races for every major trophy in New Zealand circuit racing including the New Zealand Motor Cup and the Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy. The cars are also the category for the New Zealand Grand Prix – one of only two races in the world with FIA approval to use the Grand Prix nomenclature outside Formula One. The series was known as the Toyota Racing Series until 2023.
Potsdam Sandstone
The Potsdam Sandstone, more formally known as the Potsdam Group, is a geologic unit of mid-to-late Cambrian age found in Northern New York and northern Vermont and Quebec and Ontario. A well-cemented sandstone of nearly pure quartz, in the 19th century it was widely used in construction and in refractory linings for iron furnaces.

Havelock, Quebec
Havelock is a township in Le Haut-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality in southern Quebec, Canada. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 756. Neighbouring townships include Franklin to the west, St-Chrysostome to the north and Hemmingford to the east. Havelock's southern boundary is the Canada–United States border with New York State.

Located within Havelock is Covey Hill, one of the northernmost hills of the Adirondack Mountains and the highest point in Le Haut-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality.
Woodland Hills, Utah
Woodland Hills is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,521 at the 2020 census. Woodland Hills became a city at the end of 2000.

As of the 2000 census, Woodland Hills had the highest median income in the state of Utah.

Utah County, Utah
Utah County is the second-most populous county in the U.S. state of Utah. The county seat and largest city is Provo, which is the state's fourth-largest city, and the largest outside of Salt Lake County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 659,399.

Utah County is one of two counties forming the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, and is part of the larger Salt Lake City metropolitan area. In 2020, the center of population of Utah was in Utah County, in the city of Saratoga Springs.

Utah County is one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States, ranking among the top ten counties in numerical growth. Correspondingly, Provo–Orem is among the top eight metropolitan areas by percentage growth in the country.

Utah County is one of seven counties in the United States to have the same name as its state. The other six counties are Arkansas County, Hawaii County, Idaho County, Iowa County, Oklahoma County and New York County (commonly known as Manhattan).
Sylvanus Thayer
Sylvanus Thayer (June 9, 1785 – September 7, 1872) was an American military officer, engineer and educator who served as the fifth superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point from 1817 to 1833. He is remembered as the "Father of the Military Academy" for reforming the institution to its current standards, and was an early advocate of engineering education in the United States.

Braintree, Massachusetts
Braintree (US:  /ˈbreɪnˌtri/) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. It is officially known as a town, but Braintree is a city with a mayor–council form of government, and it is considered a city under Massachusetts law. The population was 39,143 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Greater Boston area, with access to the MBTA Red Line, and is a member of the Metropolitan Area Planning Council's South Shore Coalition. The first mayor of Braintree was Joe Sullivan, who served until January 2020. The current mayor of Braintree is Erin Joyce, who was elected in 2023, defeating incumbent Charles Kokoros.
East Caicos
East Caicos is the fourth largest island in the Turks and Caicos Islands. To the west, it is separated from Middle Caicos by Lorimer Creek, a narrow passage that can accommodate only small boats. To the south is South Caicos. East Caicos has no inhabitants.

South Caicos
South Caicos is the seventh-largest island in the Turks and Caicos archipelago, with a land area of 21.2 square kilometres (8.2 square miles). South Caicos is known for excellent fishing, both deep-sea and bone fishing, and scuba diving. South Caicos was formerly a salt exporter; the island still hosts a network of salt pans as a reminder of the industry. Today, the island's main income is derived from small-scale commercial fishing.

The School for Field Studies, a global nonprofit, accredited by the University of Minnesota, has established a well-regarded Center for Marine Resource Studies in Cockburn Harbour. The centre's research focuses on marine ecology and natural resource management.  The island hosts an Annual South Caicos Regatta, a large celebration that features parties, boat races, and other games. The island has some real estate development, and tourism is a small, but growing, industry.
Hampton Gay and Poyle
Hampton Gay and Poyle is a civil parish in Oxfordshire, England. It was formed in 1932 by merger of the parishes of Hampton Gay (grid reference SP4816) and Hampton Poyle (grid reference SP5015) and as at 2011 had 141 residents across 6.11 km2

Hampton Gay
Hampton Gay is a village in the civil parish of Hampton Gay and Poyle, in the Cherwell district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. It is in the Cherwell Valley about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Kidlington. In 1931 the parish had a population of 28. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished to form "Hampton Gay and Poyle".
Churches of Kraków
The metropolitan city of Kraków, former capital of Poland, is known as the "city of churches". The abundance of landmark, historic Roman Catholic churches along with the plenitude of monasteries and convents earned the city a countrywide reputation as the "Northern Rome" in the past of the churches of krakow The churches of Kraków comprise over 120 Roman Catholic places of worship, of which over 60 were built in the 20th century. They remain the centers of religious life for the local population and are attended regularly, while some are often crowded on Sundays.

The number of churches in Kraków still increases. Many of the oldest churches are architectural monuments of Poland's history and culture. They often house religious icons and artifacts revered for their artistic and spiritual value.

Main Square, Kraków
The Main Market Square (Polish: Rynek Główny [ˈrɨnɛɡ ˈɡwuvnɨ] lit. ) a historic square located in the Old Town of Kraków, Poland.

It is the principal urban space located at the center of the city. It dates back to the 13th century, and with an area of 3.79 ha (9.4 acres))  it is sometimes called one of the largest medieval town squares in Europe.

The Main Market Square is a square space surrounded by historic townhouses (kamienice) and churches. The center of the square is dominated by the Cloth Hall (Sukiennice), rebuilt in 1555 in the Renaissance style, topped by a attic or Polish parapet decorated with carved masks. On one side of the cloth hall is the Town Hall Tower (Wieża ratuszowa), on the other the 11th century Church of St. Adalbert and 1898 Adam Mickiewicz Monument. Rising above the square are the Gothic towers of St. Mary's Basilica (Kościół Mariacki). Kraków Main Square does not have a town hall, because it has not survived to the present day.
Clow, Arkansas
Clow is an unincorporated community in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. It lies approximately 1+1⁄3 miles (2.1 km) from the boundary between Hempstead and Howard counties. Clow is home to the Clow Schools Alumni Association. The main road that goes through this community is Hempstead County Road #37.

Clow is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Hope micropolitan area, Arkansas
The Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas, anchored by the city of Hope.

As of the 2010 census, the μSA had a population of 31,606 (though a 2016 estimate placed the population at 30,372).
Close central rounded vowel
The close central rounded vowel, or high central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʉ⟩. The sound is also commonly referred to by the name of its symbol, "barred u".

The close central rounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare labialized post-palatal approximant [ẅ].

In most languages this rounded vowel is pronounced with protruded lips (endolabial). However, in a few cases the lips are compressed (exolabial).

Close vowel
A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in U.S. terminology), is any in a class of vowel sounds used in many spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned approximately as close as possible to the roof of the mouth as it can be without creating a constriction. A constriction would produce a sound that would be classified as a consonant.

The term "close" /ˈkloʊs/ is recommended by the International Phonetic Association. Close vowels are often referred to as "high" vowels, as in the Americanist phonetic tradition, because the tongue is positioned high in the mouth during articulation.

In the context of the phonology of any particular language, a high vowel can be any vowel that is more close than a mid vowel. That is, close-mid vowels, near-close vowels, and close vowels can all be considered high vowels.
Grigory Khatchaturov
Grigory Yurii Khachaturov (Armenian: Գրիգորի Յուրիի Խաչատուրով; born 30 July 1977) is a major general in the Armenian Ground Forces who is also the son of former Collective Security Treaty Organization Secretary-General and former Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia, Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov.

Yuri Khatchaturov
Yuri Grigorii Khachaturov (Armenian: Յուրի Գրիգորիի Խաչատուրով; born 1 May 1952) is an Armenian general. He formerly served as the Secretary-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and as Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia (2008–2016).
Saturn Award for Best International Series
In 2008, the Saturn Awards introduced a new category, Best International Series, recognizing non-American television productions. Due to an error, the original press release announcing the winners of the 34th Saturn Awards, issued on June 24 2008, omitted the category. However, a corrected press release and website update were issued on June 26, 2008.

The category was discontinued starting with the 35th Saturn Awards nominations for 2008, which were announced on March 16, 2009.

Saturn Awards
The Saturn Awards are American awards presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. The awards were created to honor science fiction, fantasy, and horror in film, but have since grown to reward other films belonging to genre fiction, as well as television and home media releases. The Saturn Awards were created in 1973 and were originally referred to as Golden Scrolls.
Devils Tower
Devils Tower (also known as Matȟó Thípila or Bear Lodge) is a laccolithic butte, composed of igneous rock in the Bear Lodge Ranger District of the Black Hills, near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County, northeastern Wyoming, above the Belle Fourche River. It rises 1,267 feet (386 m) above the Belle Fourche River, standing 867 ft (264 m) from summit to base. The summit is 5,112 ft (1,558 m) above sea level.

Devils Tower National Monument was the first United States national monument, established on September 24, 1906, by President Theodore Roosevelt. The monument's boundary encloses an area of 1,347 acres (545 ha).

Sundance, Wyoming
Sundance (Lakota: Owíwaŋyaŋg Wačhí; "Sun-watching Dance") is a town in and the county seat of Crook County, Wyoming, United States. Its population was 1,032 at the 2020 census.  The town is named after the Sun Dance ceremony practiced by several American Indian tribes.
Cenred of Wessex
Cenred of Wessex was a member of the House of Wessex and a member of the direct male line from Cynric to Egbert.  It is possible that Cenred ruled alongside his son Ine for a period. There is limited evidence for joint kingships, and a stronger evidence of subkings reigning under a dominant ruler in Wessex not long before his time.  Ine acknowledged his father's help in his code of laws, and there is also a surviving land-grant that indicates Cenred was still reigning in Wessex after Ine's accession.

His father was Ceolwald of Wessex. Cenred had at least three other children.

Ine, king of Wessex and married Æthelburg of Wessex

Ingild, the great-grandfather of Ealhmund of Kent, and the great-great grandfather of Egbert

Cuthburh, who married Aldfrith of Northumbria, and became abbess of Wimborne

Cwenburh, who may have succeeded her sister as abbess at Wimborne.

Ceolwald of Wessex
Ceolwald of Wessex Cuthasson was a member of the House of Wessex (see House of Wessex family tree). Although a member of the direct male line from Cynric to Egbert, Ceolwald was never king. Born 622 in Wessex and died on June 12 688, he had a son in 644.

His father was Cuthwulf of Wessex Cuthwineson (592-622), his mother was Princess Gwynhafar of Dumnonia (604-680), his Wife Queen Fafertach Ingen Figuine of Wessex (620-644) and his child Ceonred of Wessex Ceolwaldsson (644-698).

In 644, his wife Queen Farfetach Ingen Figuine of Wessex gave birth to a boy named Ceonred of Wessex Ceolwaldsson and died during childbirth.
Nissan Civilian
The Nissan Civilian (kana: 日産・シビリアン, Shibirian) is a single-decker minibus built by Japanese automaker Nissan since 1971. It is primarily available as a public bus and an intercity bus. In Japan, it was exclusive to Nissan Store locations, and replaced the Nissan Echo, which was introduced in 1958. The Echo's chassis code (GC140, GC240) continued to be used on the Civilian (GC340), reflecting their shared underpinnings with the Nissan Caball (C140/240/340).

In the Japan, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, Africa and South America markets, its principal competitors are the Mitsubishi Fuso Rosa, Isuzu Journey, Mazda Parkway and Toyota Coaster. In some markets, the bus was called the Datsun Civilian and in China, the Civilian is marketed by Dongfeng as the Dongfeng Green Lotus, but has Nissan logos.

Nissan H engine
The Nissan H series of automobile engines is an evolution of the Nissan "R" engine which was based on the 1.5-liter, three-main bearing "G" engine used in the 1960s. Both inline-four and inline-six versions were produced. It is a pushrod OHV design with iron block, early models with an iron head, later models with aluminum head. Versions of this motor have been used in many Nissan autos and forklifts, well into the eighties and a version called H20II was in production until 2003. The SD diesels are based on this series of motors (bore spacing and basic block layout)
Marzban
Marzbān, or Marzpān (Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭫𐭱𐭰𐭠𐭭𐭯 transliteration: mrzwpn, derived from Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭫𐭱 marz "border, boundary" and the Middle Persian suffix: 𐭡𐭭𐭯 -pān "guardian"; Modern Persian: مرزبان Marzbān) were a class of margraves, warden of the marches, and by extension military commanders, in charge of border provinces of the Parthian Empire (247 BC–224 AD) and mostly Sasanian Empire (224–651 AD) of Iran.

Margrave
In the German nobility, margrave was a rank equivalent to marquess. It originated as the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Empire and the title came to be borne by rulers of some Imperial principalities until the abolition of the Empire in 1806 (e.g., Margrave of Brandenburg, Margrave of Baden). Thereafter, those domains (originally known as marks or marches, later as margraviates or margravates) were absorbed into larger realms or the titleholders adopted titles indicative of full sovereignty.
Sarpay Beikman Manuscript Awards
The Sarpay Beikman Manuscript Awards (Burmese: စာပေဗိမာန် စာပဒေသာ ဆုများ) are annual literary awards given in Burma by the Sarpay Beikman (Palace of Literature), a department of the Ministry of Information. They are awarded for unpublished manuscripts in various fiction and non-fiction categories. Sarpay Beikman publishes the winning entries, as well as giving a financial prize. The awards complement the Burma National Literature Award and the privately sponsored Sayawun Tin Shwe Award, Pakokku U Ohn Pe literary award, Thuta Swesone literary award and Tun Foundation award.

Thuta Swesone literary award
The Thuta Swesone literary awards have been presented by the Swesone Media group since 2006.
They are sponsored by Tin Tun Oo, the cofounder of the Myanmar Times.
The awards complement the government's National Literary Awards and Sarpay Beikman Manuscript Awards and the Sayawun Tin Shwe Award, Pakokku U Ohn Pe literary award and Tun Foundation award.
Almeria (grape)
The Almeria grape is a mild-white grape, grown in both the United States and Spain. It is unusual among cultivated grapevines in that it is pistillate, and requires a second grape cultivar to provide pollen, but has remained in cultivation for centuries despite this due to its quality as a table grape.

Table grape
Table grapes are grapes intended for consumption as fresh fruit, as opposed to grapes grown for wine production, juice production, jelly and jam making, or for drying into raisins.

Vitis vinifera table grapes appear in seeded or non-seeded varietals and range widely in terms of colour, size, sweetness and adaptability to local growing conditions. Common commercially available table grape varieties such as Thompson Seedless and Flame Seedless are favoured by growers for their high yield and relative resistance to damage during shipment. Other less common varietals such as Cotton Candy, Kyoho or Pione are custom hybrids bred for size, appearance, and specific flavour characteristics.
Villarpedre
Villarpedre is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Grandas de Salime, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 6 (INE 2006).

Grandas de Salime
Grandas de Salime is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is famous for its hydroelectric dam across the Navia River, forming the Embalse de Salime (reservoir of Salime). It is also famous for being a stop along the Camino Primitivo path of the Camino de Santiago, where it is the last stretch of Asturian land before the entrance into Galicia through the Acebo Pass.

The municipality is situated in the interior of the eastern region of Asturias, bordered on the south by the Galician province of Lugo, on the north by the Asturian municipalities of Santa Eulalia de Oscos, San Martín de Oscos, Pesoz and Allande. The village has an ethnographic museum which occupies the former governing house of Grandas. Geologically, the region is dominated by deposits of shale and quartzite.

The hydroelectric dam turned 50 years old in 2004. Its inside is adorned with a large mural by the architect of the dam, Joaquin Vaquero Palacios.