hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1946 Egyptian protests
In early 1946, protests by students and workers erupted throughout Egypt. Motivated by Egyptian nationalism and anti-colonialism, they resulted in the retreat of British troops in Egypt from the main delta to the Suez Canal. The protests are most known for the Abbas Bridge Incident, where protesters were thrown into the River Nile after the police raised the sides of a drawbridge.

Makram Ebeid
Makram Ebeid Pasha (Arabic: مكرم عبيد باشا; 25 October 1889 – 5 June 1961) was an Egyptian politician. A supporter of liberal politics, he was exiled to the Seychelles alongside Saad Zaghloul and Mustafa Nahhas during the 1919 revolution. He was the one of the founders of the Wafd Party and was its secretary-general between 1927 and 1942. He was the Minister of Communications in 1928 and the Minister of Finance in 1930, 1936–1937 and 1942. He was also president of the bar association from 1933 to 1936. He later split from the Wafd part after a financial scandal to form the 'Wafdist Bloc' party, serving as Minister of Finance from 1944 to 1946.
Head shop
A head shop is a store that sells drug-related paraphernalia. Products sold may include hashish pipes, "one hitter" pipes; pipe screens; bongs (also referred to as water pipes); roach clips (used for smoking the end of a marijuana "joint"); vaporizers used for inhaling THC vapor from cannabis; rolling papers; rolling machines; small weighing scales; magazines about cannabis culture, cannabis cultivation, tattooing, and music; and items used for home cultivation of marijuana plants.

Head shops emerged from the hippie counterculture in the late 1960s. At that time, many of them had close ties to the anti-Vietnam War movement as well as groups in the marijuana legalization movement like LeMar, Amorphia, and the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.

Drug paraphernalia
The term drug paraphernalia refers to any equipment that is used to produce, conceal, and consume illicit drugs. It includes but is not limited to items such as bongs, roach clips, miniature spoons, and various types of pipes.
Tout New Age
Tout New Age is a collection of outtakes from A Sunny Day in Glasgow's debut album, Scribble Mural Comic Journal.  The band originally released it as a tour-only CD in 2007 and then released it in July 2007 as a digital download EP.

Scribble Mural Comic Journal
Scribble Mural Comic Journal is the debut studio album by American indie rock band A Sunny Day in Glasgow. It was released on February 13, 2007 by Notenuf Records. Ruined Potential Records reissued the album on LP on August 5, 2008.
Arsenio Lacson
Arsenio Hilario Sison Lacson Sr. (December 26, 1912 – April 15, 1962) was a Filipino lawyer, journalist and politician who gained widespread attention as the 17th Mayor of Manila and the first to be democratically elected. An active executive likened by Time and The New York Times to New York City's Fiorello La Guardia, he was the first Manila mayor to be reelected to three terms, remaining in office for over a decade from January 1952 to April 1962. Nicknamed "Arsenic" and described as "a good man with a bad mouth", Lacson's fiery temperament became a trademark of his political and broadcasting career. He died suddenly from a stroke amidst talk that he was planning to run in the 1965 presidential election.

Mayor of Manila
The City Mayor of Manila (Filipino: Punong Lungsod ng Maynila, sometimes referred to as, Alkalde ng Maynila) is the head of the executive branch of Manila's city government. The mayor holds office at Manila City Hall. Like all local government heads in the Philippines, the mayor is elected via popular vote, and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term (although the former mayor may return to office after an interval of one term). In case of death, resignation or incapacity, the vice mayor becomes the mayor.
Mariolaemus
Mariolaemus is a genus of beetles in the family Laemophloeidae, containing the following species:

Mariolaemus eichelbaumi Grouvelle

Mariolaemus escalerai Grouvelle

Mariolaemus livens Grouvelle

Mariolaemus misellus Grouvelle

Laemophloeidae
Laemophloeidae, lined flat bark beetles, is a beetle family in the superfamily Cucujoidea characterized by predominantly dorso-ventrally compressed bodies, head and pronotal discs bordered by ridges or grooves, and inverted male genitalia. Size range of adults is 1–5 mm (0.04–0.2 in) in length. Currently, it contains 40 genera and about 450 species, and is represented on all continents except Antarctica; species richness is greatest in the tropics.
Sarim
The Sarim (Korean: 사림; Hanja: 士林), sometimes spelled Saarim, was a powerful faction of literati who emerged in the Early Joseon period under Kil Chae, and would later come to dominate Middle and Late Joseon politics in Korea. After outliving the Hungu faction, the Sarim faction experienced several breakups during and after the reign of King Seonjo (1567–1608) into the Western and Eastern factions; these factions would also experience their very own splits in the coming years. By the 19th century, Joseon court politics would see a shift in control from scholarly factions towards the 'in-law families'; for most of the 19th century, the Jangdong branch of the Andong Kim clan was in control of the government.

Easterners (Korean political faction)
38°19′N 127°14′E﻿ / ﻿38.317°N 127.233°E﻿ / 38.317; 127.233

The Easterners (Korean: 동인; Hanja: 東人; RR: Dongin; lit. East people) were a political faction of the Joseon dynasty. This faction appeared during the reign of Seonjo of Joseon in sixteenth-century Korea, in 1575. Originating from friends of Kim Hyowŏn, they soon encompassed most of the disciples of Cho Sik and Yi Hwang, conflicting with Yi I and his followers, who formed the core of the Westerners. Though emerging as the dominant faction in the 1580s, it nearly collapsed at the suicide of Chŏng Yŏrip and the succeeding bloodshed in 1589. After Westerner Chŏng Ch'ŏl was exiled for attempting to make Prince Gwanghae the Crown Prince, the Easterners divided into Northerners and Southerners.
Minimum mass
In astronomy, minimum mass is the lower-bound calculated mass of observed objects such as planets, stars, binary systems, nebulae, and black holes.

Minimum mass is a widely cited statistic for extrasolar planets detected by the radial velocity method or Doppler spectroscopy, and is determined using the binary mass function. This method reveals planets by measuring changes in the movement of stars in the line-of-sight, so the real orbital inclinations and true masses of the planets are generally unknown.  This is a result of sin i degeneracy.

If inclination i can be determined, the true mass can be obtained from the calculated minimum mass using the following relationship:

Binary mass function
In astronomy, the binary mass function or simply mass function is a function that constrains the mass of the unseen component (typically a star or exoplanet) in a single-lined spectroscopic binary star or in a planetary system. It can be calculated from observable quantities only, namely the orbital period of the binary system, and the peak radial velocity of the observed star. The velocity of one binary component and the orbital period provide information on the separation and gravitational force between the two components, and hence on the masses of the components.
Asplenium azoricum
Asplenium azoricum is a fern from hybrid origin of the family Aspleniaceae, descendant of the Macaronesian ancestral fern Asplenium anceps. It lives exclusively in the Azores, that is a strict endemic Azorean fern. Its fronds are coriaceous like plastic and its rachis is very thick, dark garnet color and brilliance. A typical feature of this fern, which it shares with all the descendants of A. anceps, is the existence of a small atrium at the base of the medium and lower pinnae geared towards the apex of the frond with one or two sori in its underside.

Asplenium anceps
Asplenium anceps is a diploid fern of family Aspleniaceae and one of the ancestors of the ferns that form the trichomanes complex. It lives exclusively in the three northernmost archipelagoes of the Macaronesian region, that is, is an endemic macaronesian fern. Its fronds are leathery and plastic and rachis is very thick, bright reddish brown and is traversed throughout its length of three wings, two on the upper surface to draw a groove and a third on the lower surface which is characteristic and unique to this species, since all other species of the trichomanes complex without. A typical feature of this fern, which he shares with all its hybrid offspring (Asplenium azoricum, Asplenium azomanes and Asplenium X tubalense) is the existence of a small atrium on the basis of medium and less pinnae directed toward the apex of the blade with one or two sori on its underside.
Elmer Ambrose Sperry
Elmer Ambrose Sperry Sr. (October 12, 1860 – June 16, 1930) was an American inventor and entrepreneur, most famous for construction, two years after Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe, of the gyrocompass and as founder of the Sperry Gyroscope Company. He was known as the "father of modern navigation technology".

Sperry's compasses and stabilizers were adopted by the United States Navy and used in both world wars. He also worked closely with Japanese companies and the Japanese government and was honored after his death with a volume of reminiscences published in Japan.

State University of New York at Cortland
The State University of New York at Cortland (SUNY Cortland, C-State, or Cortland State) is a public university in Cortland, New York, United States. It was founded in 1868 and is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.
Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada
The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada is a reserve infantry regiment in 34 Canadian Brigade Group, 2nd Canadian Division, of the Canadian Army. The regiment is at 2067, rue Bleury (2067, Bleury Street) in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and is currently commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel R.M. Unger. The regiment's armoury was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2008. They are the senior Canadian-Scottish Regiment.

Black Watch Armoury
The Black Watch Armoury (French: Caserne du Black Watch) is a Scottish baronial-style armoury in Montreal, completed in 1906 to house the 5th Regiment "Royal Highlanders of Canada" (now the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada). Designed by Samuel Arnold Finley and David Jerome Spence, the armoury was declared a National Historic Site of Canada in 2008. It was previously designated a Recognized Federal Heritage Building, in 1994.

The armoury is home to the regiment's museum, which was opened on 8 November 1949 by the then-colonel of the Black Watch, Field Marshal Lord Wavell.
Talavera, Nueva Ecija
Talavera, officially the Municipality of Talavera (Tagalog: Bayan ng Talavera; Ilocano: Ili ti Talavera), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it had a population of 137,444.

San Jose, Nueva Ecija
San Jose, officially the City of San Jose (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Jose; Ilocano: Siudad ti San Jose; Pangasinan: Siyudad na San Jose), is a  component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 156,714 people, making it the second most populous city in Nueva Ecija after Cabanatuan, and a key urban center in the northern part of the province.
Domusnovas
Domusnovas (Sardinian: Domunòas) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sulcis Iglesiente in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Carbonia, in the Sulcis-Iglesiente region, in the valley of the Cixerri river.

Domusnovas borders the following municipalities: Fluminimaggiore, Gonnosfanadiga, Iglesias, Musei, Villacidro, Villamassargia.

The town is known for the Grottoes of San Giovanni, located some 2 kilometres (1 mi) from the town.

Villacidro
Villacidro (Italian pronunciation: [villaˈtʃiːdro] ⓘ; Sardinian: Biddacidru or Bidda de Cidru) is a town and comune, which along with Sanluri is a co-capital of the province of Medio Campidano, Sardinia, Italy.
Roscoe "Rustling Bob" Bryant
Roscoe "Rustling Bob" Bryant (died September 1878) was a member of the John Kinney Gang during New Mexico's Lincoln County War. He was killed by members of Selman's Scouts near Seven Rivers, New Mexico in September 1878.

Lincoln County Regulators were preparing an assault on the Chisums, and alongside forty men, including Roscoe Bryant, all fought at the Chisum War. On 18 August they rode up to the Feliz and helped themselves to Tunstall's cattle.

He participated in the Five Day Siege of the McSween house and was later involved with John Selman's cattle rustling operation.

His body was found near Reese Gobly and James Irvin, presumably murdered by their fellows.

John Selman
John Henry Selman (November 16, 1839 – April 5, 1896) was sometimes identified as an outlaw and sometimes a working lawman of the Old West. He is best known as the man who fatally shot John Wesley Hardin in the Acme Saloon in El Paso, Texas, on August 19, 1895.
Langham, Saskatchewan
Langham is a town in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is on Highway 16, surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Corman Park No. 344, and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of the city of Saskatoon. The 2011 census reported a population of 1,290, with 489 homes in the community.

Originally, the area was primarily settled by Mennonites. Langham was named after E. Langham, a purchasing agent for the Canadian National Railway. Langham was founded in 1904 with the building of a rail line between Saskatoon and Edmonton, Alberta. Langham was declared a village in 1906, and became a town in 1907.

Rural Municipality of Corman Park No. 344
The Rural Municipality of Corman Park No. 344 (2021 population: 8,909) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 11 and SARM Division No. 5. Located in the central portion of the province, the RM surrounds the City of Saskatoon.
Perry River (Eagle River tributary)
The Perry River, sometimes referred to as the North Fork of the Eagle River, is a mountain river in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. It flows out of the Monashee Mountains and joins the Eagle River near the town of Malakwa.  It is part of the Thompson River system, which drains into the Fraser River. The river's watershed area is 43,646 hectares (169 sq mi), and major tributaries to the river include Bews and Rocky creeks.

Eagle River (Shuswap Lake)
The Eagle River is a river in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The river is part of the Fraser River drainage basin, via the Thompson River. It was named by explorer Walter Moberly after following the flight of eagles and finding Eagle Pass.
Minakuchi Castle
Minakuchi Castle (水口城, Minakuchi-jō), is a hirashiro-style Japanese castle located in the former town of Minakuchi, in the city of Kōka, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The castle is also known as Hekisui Castle

Kōka, Shiga
Kōka (甲賀市, Kōka-shi) is a city in southern Shiga Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 September 2021, the city had an estimated population of  89,619 in 36708 households and a population density of 190 persons per km². The total area of the city is 481.62 square kilometres (185.95 sq mi).
St. John's Jesuit High School and Academy
St. John's Jesuit High School & Academy comprises two schools on the same campus:  St. John's Jesuit High School (SJJ) and St. John's Jesuit Academy (SJJA).  It is located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo.  Both are private, all-male Jesuit schools in Toledo, Ohio.

St. John's Jesuit Academy was started as a pilot program with its first class of 30 seventh and 30 eighth graders during the 2004–2005 school year.  A sixth grade was added in the 2011–2012 school year and the academy currently enrolls 160 students.

Diocese of Toledo, Ohio
The Diocese of Toledo (in America) (Latin: Dioecesis Toletana in America) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or diocese, of the Catholic Church covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio in the United States.

The diocese is a suffragan see of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current bishop of Toledo is Daniel Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese.
West Wales Football Association
The West Wales Football Association (WWFA; Welsh: Cymdeithas Bêl-droed Orllewin Cymru) is the governing body of association football in West Wales and is affiliated to the Football Association of Wales. The highest league run solely by the West Wales Football Association will be the West Wales Premier League at Tier 4 of the Welsh League Pyramid, when it commences in the 2020-21 season.

All clubs playing according to the laws of the Football Association of Wales and having their grounds and headquarters west of a line drawn from Briton Ferry, Neath, northwards to Glynneath, and then again northwards to the boundary line of the South Wales Football Association shall be eligible for membership.

The WWFA originally operated under the South Wales and Monmouthshire Football Association, but became independent after the SWMFA was split in 1968.

South Wales and Monmouthshire Football Association
The South Wales and Monmouthshire Football Association was the governing body of association football in South Wales and Monmouthshire and was responsible for the development of the game in the region.
University of the Third Age
The University of the Third Age (U3A), is an international movement whose aims are the education and stimulation of mainly retired members of the community — those in their third "age" of life.

There is no universally accepted model for the U3A. Its original conception in France as an extramural university activity was significantly modified in the United Kingdom, where it was recognised that most people of retirement age have something to contribute and the emphasis has been on sharing, without formal educational links.

Many English-speaking countries have followed this geragogic model, whereas continental European countries have mostly followed the French model.

A British u3a website reports this about membership eligibility: "There is no minimum age, but a focus on people who are no longer in full-time employment or raising a family."

Geragogy
Geragogy (also geragogics) is a theory which argues that older adults are sufficiently different that they warrant a separate educational theory. The term eldergogy has also been used. Some critics have noted that "one should not expect from geragogy some comprehensive educational theory for older adult learners, but only an awareness of and sensitivity towards gerontological issues".

Key distinctions between traditional pedagogy and geragogy include offering "opportunities for older adult learners to set the curriculum themselves and to learn through activities of personal relevance" as well as recognition of age-related issues which may affect learning, such as reduced sensory perception, limited motor capabilities and changes in cognitive processes, especially memory.

Collaborative peer learning, as employed in the University of the Third Age, is a common element within geragogic settings.
Carmen IOOF Home
The Carmen IOOF Home, also known as or associated with The Carmen Home of Pentecostal Holiness Church, is an Odd Fellows building in Carmen, Oklahoma, built in 1906.  It has served historically as institutional housing.  It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

It is one of four historic, surviving Odd Fellows buildings in Alfalfa County that were the subject of a 1983 study.  The others are the Carmen IOOF Lodge No. 84 in Carmen, the 
Aline IOOF Lodge No. 263 in Aline, and the Cherokee IOOF Lodge No. 219 in Cherokee.

The  Oklahoma Odd Fellows Home at Checotah is another NRHP-listed Odd Fellows retirement home in the state.

Oklahoma Odd Fellows Home at Checotah
The Oklahoma Odd Fellows Home at Checotah is a historical building complex in Checotah, Oklahoma, central United States, now on 6 acres (2.4 ha).  It includes Romanesque Revival and Bungalow/Craftsman architecture.  Also known as Odd Fellows Widows and Orphans Home and as Checotah Odd Fellows Home, it served historically as institutional housing and as educational related housing.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.  The listing includes one contributing building and two other contributing structures.

The Home, started in 1902 on 160 acres (65 ha) of land donated by William Gentry, was expanded in c. 1905, and again in 1922 and in 1962.  It was designed originally by architect Joseph P. Foucart, who may also have designed the compatible c. 1905 expansion.  M.T. Hardin designed the Bungalow/Craftsman addition in 1922.

The Carmen IOOF Home, in Carmen, is another NRHP-listed Odd Fellows retirement home in the state.
Barsalogho massacre
On 24 August 2024, jihadists from Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) killed over 200 civilians digging trenches for the Burkinabe government around the town of Barsalogho, Sanmatenga Province, Burkina Faso. The massacre is the deadliest in Burkinabe history, and the deadliest attack in the jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso.

Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso
An ongoing war and civil conflict between the Government of Burkina Faso and Jihadist African wings of Al-Qaeda began in August 2015 and has led to the displacement of over 2 million people and the deaths of at least 20,000 civilians and combatants.

The war has been interpreted as being the Burkinabé theatre of the insurgency in the Sahel.
Orem, Utah
Orem is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States, in the north central part of the state. It is adjacent to Provo, Lindon, and Vineyard and is approximately 45 miles (72 km) south of Salt Lake City.

Orem is one of the principal cities of the Provo-Orem, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Utah and Juab counties. The 2020 population was 98,129, while the 2010 population was 88,328 making it the 5th most populous city in Utah. Utah Valley University is located in Orem.

Provo–Orem metropolitan area
The Provo–Orem, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is a metropolitan statistical area consisting of two counties in Utah, anchored by the cities of Provo and Orem. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 671,185.
Listed buildings in New Brighton, Merseyside
New Brighton is a seaside resort and part of the town of Wallasey, Wirral, Merseyside, England.   It contains 23 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.   Of these, three are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  In the early 19th century plans were made to develop the site of the resort as a fashionable watering place, and a number of large houses were built.  This was only partly successful, and the area later developed into a resort used mainly by the working class.  The listed buildings include some of the early large houses.  Other buildings include two lighthouses, a former fort, a church, three shelters on the sea front, a war memorial, and a former bank.

New Brighton, Merseyside
New Brighton is a seaside resort and suburb of Wallasey, in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England, at the northeastern tip of the Wirral peninsula. It has sandy beaches which line the Irish Sea and mouth of the Mersey, and the UK's longest promenade.

At the 2011 Census, the population was 14,859.