hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced /ˈdʒeɪsən/ or /ˈdʒeɪˌsɒn/) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values). It is a commonly used data format with diverse  uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.

JSON is a programming language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. JSON filenames use the extension .json.

Douglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s. They and Chip Morningstar sent the first JSON message in April 2001.

Ecma International
Ecma International (/ˈɛkmə/) is a nonprofit standards organization for information and communication systems. It acquired its current name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) changed its name to reflect the organization's global reach and activities. As a consequence, the name is no longer considered an acronym and no longer uses full capitalization.

The organization was founded in 1961 to standardize computer systems in Europe. Membership is open to large and small companies worldwide that produce, market, or develop computer or communication systems, and have interest and experience in the areas addressed by the group's technical bodies. It is located in Geneva.
Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu
Robert IV of Artois (1356 – 20 July 1387), son of John of Artois, Count of Eu and Isabeau of Melun, was Count of Eu from April to July 1387 and Duke of Durazzo from 1376 to 1383.

About 1376, he married Joanna of Durazzo, daughter of Charles, Duke of Durazzo. Robert became the Duke of Durazzo through the right of his wife until 1383 when Karl Thopia took over Durrës. Robert inherited the County of Eu upon his father's death on 6 April 1387, along with Saint-Valery and Ault. However, as he was in Naples at the time, he never learned of his father's death nor did he rule his lands. On 20 July 1387, he and his wife were poisoned on the orders of Joanna's own sister Margaret, Queen Regent of Naples, while they were staying at Castel dell'Ovo. Robert and Joanna were buried in the church of San Lorenzo Maggiore in Naples.

The marriage of Robert and Joanna was childless. Robert was succeeded in his titles by his younger brother, Philip.

Counts of Eu
This is a list of the counts of Eu, a French county in the Middle Ages (Eu is in the department of Seine-Maritime, in the extreme north of Normandy), disputed between France and England during parts of the Hundred Years' War.
Fujiko Yamamoto
Fujiko Yamamoto (山本富士子, Yamamoto Fujiko) (born 11 December 1931) is a Japanese stage, film and television actress. She was the winner of the first Miss Nippon Grand Prix in 1950, and appeared in over 100 films between 1953 and 1963, including works by directors Yasujirō Ozu, Kon Ichikawa, Shirō Toyoda and Kōzaburō Yoshimura.

Miss Nippon
The Miss Nippon Contest (ミス日本コンテスト, Misu nippon kontesuto) is a Japanese beauty pageant. In the past 57 competitions, the total number of applications is 118,794 people and the Grand Prix is 55 people. It started in 1950 by the Yomiuri Shimbun and is held every year by the "Miss Nippon Association".
Zoo Bar (Halifax, West Yorkshire)
The Empire Bar and Zoo Bar were two adjoining night clubs in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. First called The Zoo Bar, followed by the Rock Shed founded by Local Rock DJ - Jon Ingle, in the early 1980s,  Ian Dobbs sold the venue in the latter part of the 1980s and then became "Theo's Zoo bar", in the early 1990s, and named after the head bouncer, the original venue was a standalone nightclub. The Tramshed and Zoo Bar were brought to national attention by the media as a "haven" for underage drinkers, when they became among the first establishments to be closed under the auspices of the Licensing Act 2003, which came into effect in England and Wales at midnight on 23 November 2005.

Licensing Act 2003
The Licensing Act 2003 (c. 17) is an act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act establishes a single integrated scheme for licensing premises in England and Wales used to sell or supply of alcohol, provide regulated entertainment, or provide late night refreshment. It allows some or all of these licensable activities to be contained in a single licence—the premises licence—that replaced other schemes. Responsibility for issuing licences is given to local authorities, specifically London boroughs, metropolitan boroughs, unitary authorities, and district councils, who took over this power from the justices of the peace under a system of licensing committees. It came into effect midnight, 24 November 2005.
Ma Zhongying
Ma Zhongying, also Ma Chung-ying (traditional Chinese: 馬仲英; simplified Chinese: 马仲英; pinyin: Mǎ Zhòngyīng; Wade–Giles: Ma Chung-ying, Xiao'erjing: مَا جٌ‌یِئٍ; c. 1910 or 1908 – after 1936), nickname Commander Ga (尕司令, lit. youngster commander), was a Chinese Muslim warlord during the Warlord era of China. His birth name was Ma Buying (馬步英; 马步英; Mǎ Bùyīng; Ma Pu-ying). Ma was a warlord of Gansu Province in China during the 1930s. His alliance with the Kuomintang (KMT) brought his predominantly Chinese Muslim troops under the control of the KMT as the New 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) with Ma Zhongying as its commander. He was ordered to overthrow Jin Shuren, the governor of Xinjiang. After several victories over provincial and White Russian forces, he attempted to expand his territory into southern Xinjiang by launching campaigns from his power base in Gansu, but was stopped by Xinjiang warlord Sheng Shicai with Soviet support in 1934.

Jin Shuren
Jin Shuren (traditional Chinese: 金樹仁; simplified Chinese: 金树仁; pinyin: Jīn Shùrén; Wade–Giles: Chin Shu-jen; c. 1883–1941) was a Chinese warlord of the Xinjiang clique who served as Governor of Xinjiang between 1928 and 1933.
Saint Cunera
Saint Cunera of Rhenen, also Kunera (strangled to death in Rhenen, diocese of Utrecht, 28 October 340) was a virgin and martyr. Her name is first mentioned in the 11th century. Cunera is the patron saint of the city of Rhenen in the Netherlands, and a protector of horses and against animal diseases and sore throat. Her attributes are the key and the scarf.

Rhenen
Rhenen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈreːnə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a city in the central Netherlands.
The municipality also includes the villages of Achterberg, Remmerden and Elst. The town lies on the southernmost part of the chain of hills known as the Utrecht Hill Ridge (Utrechtse Heuvelrug), where this meets the river Rhine. Because of this Rhenen has significant elevation changes across the town.

Directly to the east of the built-up area lies the Grebbeberg, a hill with a height of about 50 metres (160 ft).
Arte della Lana
The Arte della Lana was the wool guild of Florence during the Late Middle Ages and in the Renaissance. It was one of the seven Arti Maggiori ("greater trades") of Florence, separate from the Arti Minori (the "lesser trades") and the Arti Mediane (the "middle trades"). The Arte della Lana dealt in woollen cloth and cooperated with the other corporations of bankers and merchants in administering the commune, both under the podestà and the Republic of Florence. The powerful Albizzi family were prominent members of the guild.

Guilds of Florence
The guilds of Florence were secular corporations that controlled the arts and trades in Florence from the twelfth into the sixteenth century. These Arti included seven major guilds (collectively known as the Arti Maggiori), five middle guilds (Arti Mediane) and nine minor guilds (Arti Minori). Their rigorous quality control and the political role in the commune that the Arti Maggiori assumed were formative influences in the history of Florence, which became one of the richest cities of late medieval Europe.

The popolo minuto—skilled workers including weavers, spinners, dyers, boatmen, laborers, peddlers and others—despite constituting a majority of the population, were barred from forming guilds.
Geography of finance
The geography of finance (or financial geography) is a branch of economic geography that focuses on issues of financial globalization and the geographic patterns of finance. It studies the effects of state sovereignty, culture, and different kinds of barriers that affect the spatial distribution of finance, such as uneven development and financial exclusion, as well as the global and local connectivity of financial flows and networks. It also researches the creation of new financial centres around the world, both offshore and onshore.

Economic geography
Economic geography is the subfield of human geography that studies economic activity and factors affecting it. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics.

Economic geography takes a variety of approaches to many different topics, including the location of industries, economies of agglomeration (also known as "linkages"), transportation, international trade, development, real estate, gentrification, ethnic economies, gendered economies, core-periphery theory, the economics of urban form, the relationship between the environment and the economy (tying into a long history of geographers studying culture-environment interaction), and globalization.
Al Tawheed Mosque
The Al Tawheed Mosque (Arabic: مسجد التوحيد, romanized: Al-Ṭawāshī Masjid) is a mosque in Sana'a, Yemen. It lies in the eastern part of the city, southeast of Revolution Hospital and Alemaan Mosque, along the E Ring Road. The mosque was completed in 1359 AH (1940/1941 CE).

Alemaan Mosque
The Alemaan Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الإيمان) is a mosque in Sana'a, Yemen. It lies in the eastern part of the city, southeast of Revolution Hospital and northwest of Al Tawheed Mosque, near Al Thawra School and police station.
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (French: Premier ministre de la République démocratique du Congo, Swahili: Waziri Mkuu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Lingala: Minisele ya Yambo wa Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki) is the head of government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Constitution of the Third Republic grants the prime minister a significant amount of power.

The post is currently occupied by Judith Suminwa who succeeded Sama Lukonde on 12 June 2024. She is the first woman prime minister of the country.

Sama Lukonde
Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde Kyenge (born 4 August 1977) is a Congolese politician from the former Katanga Province who served as Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2021 to 2024. He announced his first cabinet on 12 April 2021. He is a member of the Future of Congo party. He is President of the Senate since August 2024.
Breakout (The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes)
"Breakout" is the name of the sixth and seventh episodes of the animated television series The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes. It was originally broadcast on Disney XD in the United States on October 20, 2010. The episode's broadcast was preceded by the release of an online "micro-series" which introduced the individual heroes and set up the plot.

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
Spencer family
The Spencer family is a noble and aristocratic British family. From the 16th century, its members have held numerous titles, including the dukedom of Marlborough, the earldoms of Sunderland and Spencer, and the barony of Churchill. Two prominent members of the family during the 20th century were Winston Churchill and Diana, Princess of Wales.

Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer
Charles Robert Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, KG, GCVO, VD, PC (30 October 1857 – 26 September 1922), styled The Honourable Charles Spencer until 1905 and known as Viscount Althorp between 1905 and 1910, was a British courtier and Liberal politician from the Spencer family. An MP from 1880 to 1895 and again from 1900 to 1905, he served as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from 1892 to 1895. Raised to the peerage as Viscount Althorp in 1905, he was Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912 in the Liberal administrations headed by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith. In 1910, he succeeded his half-brother as Earl Spencer. He was married to Margaret Baring, a member of the Baring family.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hutchinson County, South Dakota
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hutchinson County, South Dakota.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Hutchinson County, South Dakota, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 31 properties listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 20, 2025.

Hutchinson County, South Dakota
Hutchinson County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,427. Its county seat is Olivet. The county was created in 1862 and organized in 1871; it was named for John Hutchinson, first territorial secretary.
Blossom Music Center
Blossom Music Center, locally referred to simply as Blossom, is an outdoor amphitheatre in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, United States. The venue is the summer home of The Cleveland Orchestra and the site of the ensemble’s annual Blossom Festival. Blossom Music Center is owned by the Musical Arts Association, the Orchestra’s parent organization.

Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
Cuyahoga Falls (/ˌkaɪəˈhoʊɡə/ KY-ə-HOH-gə or /ˌkaɪəˈhɒɡə/ KY-ə-HOG-ə) is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States. The population was 51,114 at the 2020 census. The second-largest city in Summit County, it is located directly north of Akron and is a suburb in the Akron metropolitan area. The city was founded in 1812 by William Wetmore and was originally named Manchester, but renamed for the Cuyahoga River and the series of waterfalls that run along the southern boundary of the city.
Huaben
A huaben (Chinese: 话本; pinyin: huàben) is a Chinese short- or medium-length story or extended novella written mostly in vernacular language, sometimes including simple classical language. In contrast to a full-length Chinese novel, it is generally not divided into chapters and recounts a limited number of characters or events, although some huaben fictions, such as Sanguozhi Pinghua, contain upwards of some 80,000 Chinese characters.  The earliest huaben are reported in the 12th century during the Song dynasty, but the genre did not see its true artistic and creative potential until the Ming dynasty, and after the mid-17th century did not produce works of originality. In the development of Chinese fiction, the huaben are heirs of the zhiguai xiaoshuo,  chuanqi, bianwen (Buddhist tales), and are the predecessors of the stories and long-length novels of the Ming.

Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han (202 BC – 220 AD) and Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (ci), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voice of vernacular Chinese literature.
Maiden Lane (Manhattan)
40°42′27″N 74°00′28″W﻿ / ﻿40.70750°N 74.00778°W﻿ / 40.70750; -74.00778

Maiden Lane is an east–west street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Its eastern end is at South Street, near the South Street Seaport, and its western end is at Broadway near the World Trade Center site, where it becomes Cortlandt Street.

47th Street (Manhattan)
47th Street is an east–west street in Midtown Manhattan, running between First Avenue and the West Side Highway (bisecting Times Square). Traffic runs one way along the street, from east to west, starting at the headquarters of the United Nations. The street includes Manhattan's Diamond District, which lies between Fifth and Sixth Avenues; this section of the street is also known as Diamond Jewelry Way.
Independent Police Complaints Council
The Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC) is a civilian body of the Government of Hong Kong, part of the two-tier system in which the Hong Kong Police Force investigates complaints made by the public against its members and the IPCC monitors those investigations.

The IPCC acts as an independent body to monitor the review by the Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) of complaints against members of the Police Force. Unlike CAPO, which is a unit of the police force, the IPCC is a civilian body not linked with the police that reports directly to the office of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. There have been criticisms in LegCo that the IPCC has limited monitoring power.

Complaints Against Police Office
The Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) is a unit within the Hong Kong Police Force that handles complaints against the force's officers. The Office is part of the Complaints and Internal Investigations Branch of the force's Service Quality Wing.

All reviews conducted by CAPO are monitored by the Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC).

In 2006 to 2008, 325 police officers were disciplined on substantiation of the complaints against them.  Of these, 292 were given advice, 12 given warnings, 12 cautioned, two reprimanded, six severely reprimanded and one dismissed subsequent to criminal conviction.

There have been criticisms that CAPO lacks credibility and transparency in handling complaints against the police, and also that the IPCC has limited monitoring power.
Sanctum 2
Sanctum 2 is a first-person shooter tower defense video game, developed by independent developer Coffee Stain Studios for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The successor to Sanctum, Sanctum 2 was announced in 2012 and released on 15 May 2013.

Tower defense
Tower defense (TD) is a subgenre of strategy games where the goal is to defend a player's territories or possessions by obstructing the enemy attackers or by stopping enemies from reaching the exits, usually achieved by placing defensive structures on or along their path of attack. This typically means building a variety of different structures that serve to automatically block, impede, attack or destroy enemies. Tower defense is seen as a subgenre of real-time strategy video games, due to its real-time origins, even though many modern tower defense games include aspects of turn-based strategy. Strategic choice and positioning of defensive elements is an essential strategy of the genre.
Haplogroup O (mtDNA)
Haplogroup O mtDNA is a haplogroup derived from haplogroup N and found in Oceania. Specifically, it is found among Aboriginal Australians. Its defining mutations are G6755A, C9140T, and G16213A.

It is one of the rarest haplogroups. As of 2022, FamilyTreeDNA reports that only 4 people in their customer base who have tested their complete mitochondrial sequences are members of the haplogroup. YFull reports 9 known members, 8 of whom are stated to be from Australia, and that the haplogroup is at least 20,000 years old.

The following table lists relevant GenBank samples:

Haplogroup N (mtDNA)
Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade. A macrohaplogroup, its descendant lineages are distributed across many continents. Like its sibling macrohaplogroup M, macrohaplogroup N is a descendant of the haplogroup L3.

All mtDNA haplogroups found outside of Africa are descendants of either haplogroup N or its sibling haplogroup M. M and N are the signature maternal haplogroups that define the theory of the recent African origin of modern humans and subsequent early human migrations around the world. The global distribution of haplogroups N and M indicates that there was likely at least one major prehistoric migration of humans out of Africa, with both N and M later evolving outside the continent.
Malabar Headland
The Malabar Headland is a heritage-listed former public recreation area and military installation site and now nature conservation and public recreation headland area located at Franklin Street, Malabar in the City of Randwick local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Long Bay Rifle Range, Anzac Rifle Range and Boora Point. The property is owned by the New South Wales Government, which established Malabar Headland National Park in 2012. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 July 2005.

Malabar, New South Wales
Malabar is a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 12 kilometres south-east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Randwick.
Oxadiazole
Oxadiazoles are a class of heterocyclic aromatic chemical compounds of the azole family with the molecular formula C2H2N2O. There are four isomers of oxadiazole:

1,2,3-oxadiazole

1,2,4-oxadiazole

1,2,5-oxadiazole(furazan)

1,3,4-oxadiazole

1,2,4-Oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole are all known and appear in a variety of pharmaceutical drugs including raltegravir, butalamine, fasiplon, oxolamine, and pleconaril. The 1,2,3-isomer is unstable and ring-opens to form the diazoketone tautomer; however, it does exist within the unusual sydnone motif.

In 2018, a compound called bis(1,2,4-oxadiazole)bis(methylene) dinitrate which might have 1.5 times the power of TNT was developed at the United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL) working with the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Bis-oxadiazole
Bis-oxadiazole, or more formally known as bis(1,2,4-oxadiazole)bis(methylene) dinitrate, is a nitrated heterocyclic compound of the oxadiazole family.

Bis-oxadiazole is related to bis-isoxazole tetranitrate (BITN), which was developed at the United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL). With a high nitrogen content, these compounds are poised to release a large volume of very stable N2. It is a “melt-cast” explosive material that is potentially both more powerful and environmentally friendly alternative to TNT.
Eokinorhynchus
Eokinorhynchus is a Fortunian (earliest Cambrian) ecdysozoan known from three fossils.  It is interpreted as a stem-group kinorhynch, which would make it by far the earliest and indeed only reported member of this group from the fossil record.

Kinorhyncha
Kinorhyncha /kaɪnoʊˈrɪŋkə, kɪnə-/ (Ancient Greek: κινέω, romanized: kīnéō, lit. 'I move', ῥύγχος rhúnkhos "snout") is a phylum of small marine invertebrates that are widespread in mud or sand at all depths as part of the meiobenthos. They are commonly called mud dragons. Modern species are 1 mm (0.039 in) or less, but Cambrian forms could reach 4 cm (1.6 in).