hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Shumshu
The Battle of Shumshu, the Soviet invasion of Shumshu in the Kuril Islands, was the first stage of the Soviet Union's Invasion of the Kuril Islands in August–September 1945 during World War II. It took place from 18 to 23 August 1945, and was the only major battle of the Soviet campaign in the Kuril Islands and arguably the very last battle of World War II.

Project Hula
Project Hula was a secret program during World War II in which the United States transferred naval vessels to the Soviet Union in anticipation of the Soviets eventually joining the war against Japan, specifically in preparation for planned Soviet invasions of southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Based at Cold Bay in the Territory of Alaska, the project was active during the spring and summer of 1945. It was the largest and most ambitious transfer program of World War II, it included 149 ships delivered (of 180 expected, returned until 1955) and 12,000 personnel trained between 16 April and 4 September 1945 (well after the armistice of 15 August and the surrender of Japan on 2 September) and the US-handed then-Soviet ships took part in the last war operations of 5 September in Manchukuo, northern Korea, the Japanese south of Sakhalin Island, and the Kuril Islands.
Task Force Detainees of the Philippines
The Task Force Detainees of the Philippines (TFDP) is a non-profit, national human rights organization based in Manila, Philippines. It documents human rights violations, assists victims and their families, organizes missions, conducts human rights education work, campaigns against torture, and promotes advocacy for Human Rights Defenders and Environmental movement. It joined a large coalition called the JAJA or Justice for Aquino, Justice for All in 1983.

Mariani Dimaranan
Mariani Cuevas Dimaranan, S.F.I.C. (February 1, 1925 – December 17, 2005) was a Catholic nun and activist in the Philippines who fought against the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.

Dimaranan headed Task Force Detainees of the Philippines, created in the early years of martial law in the Philippines by the Association of Major Religious Superiors of the Philippines to investigate and document human rights abuses.

She became a political detainee in 1973 after she was accused of being a communist. She was also accused of writing articles against Marcos. Dimaranan denied the charges against her.

Her name is inscribed on the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Wall of Remembrance, a memorial that honors martyrs and heroes who fought the dictatorship.
Oforikrom Municipal District
Oforikrom Municipal District is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Originally it was a sub-metropolitan district council within the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly until 15 March 2018, when it was elevated to municipal district assembly status to become Oforikrom Municipal District. The municipality is located in the central part of Ashanti Region and has Oforikrom as its capital town.

Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly
Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (abbreviated as the KMA) is one of the 261 Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in Ghana. It forms part of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana with Kumasi being its administrative capital. The metropolis is located in the central part of Ashanti Region and has Kumasi as its capital city. With a projected population of over two million and an annual growth rate of about 5.4%, it is a rapidly expanding metropolis. The Metropolis is about 254 kilometers long, with a centrally located commercial area and a largely circular physical structure. The fast rate of urbanization is confirmed by estimates that 48%, 46%, and 60% of the Metropolis are rural, peri-urban, and urban, respectively.
Trumpeter, Edmonton
Trumpeter is a neighbourhood in northwest Edmonton, Alberta, Canada that was established in 2008 through the adoption of the Big Lake Neighbourhood One Neighbourhood Structure Plan (NSP).

It is located within the Big Lake area and was originally considered Neighbourhood 1 within the Big Lake Area Structure Plan (ASP). It was officially named Trumpeter on August 19, 2009.

Trumpeter is bounded on the west and north by 215 Street or Winterburn Road and to the east of 199 Street; and a ravine to the south. Big Lake is located a short distance to the northwest of the neighbourhood.

Big Lake, Edmonton
Big Lake is a residential area in the northwest portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was established in 1991 through Edmonton City Council's adoption of the Big Lake Area Structure Plan, which guides the overall development of the area.
Johann Anderson (politician)
Johann Anderson (also Juhan Anderson; 11 March 1905 Sindi, Russian Empire – ?) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of I Riigikogu. He was a member of the assembly since 26 October 1921. He replaced Paul Abramson. On 11 November 1921, he resigned his position and he was replaced by Voldemar Oras.

Voldemar Oras
Voldemar Oras (also Voldemar Orras; 29 September 1885 Tallinn – ?) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of I Riigikogu. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 11 November 1921. He replaced Johann Anderson.
Binbrook, Ontario
Binbrook is a community in southeastern Hamilton, Ontario, in Canada. It was amalgamated into the city of Hamilton in 2001. Binbrook has a population of 10,791 residents (2021). Binbrook was amalgamated alongside Mount Hope to form Glanbrook in 1974. Since then, hundreds of new homes have been built in Binbrook, which is separated from Hamilton by conservation and agricultural lands.

Mount Hope, Ontario
Mount Hope is a community in the city of Hamilton in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located in the geographic township of Glanford which amalgamated with Binbrook in 1974 to form Glanbrook. On January 1, 2001, Glanbrook was amalgamated with Hamilton, Flamborough, Ancaster, Dundas and Stoney Creek to form an enlarged Hamilton.

The John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport and the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum are located in Mount Hope.
Batanic languages
The Batanic languages (sometimes also called Bashiic or Ivatanic) are a dialect cluster of the Austronesian language family. They are spoken on Babuyan Island, just north of Luzon; three of the Batanes Islands, between the Philippines and Taiwan; and on Orchid Island of southern Taiwan.

The varieties in the Philippines are called Ivatan (also spelled Ibatan), or are named Babuyan, Batan, or Itbayat after their islands, while the variety of Taiwan is called Yami or Tao.

Proto-Batanic has been reconstructed by Yang (2002).

Yami language
The Yami language (Chinese: 雅美語), also known as Tao (Chinese: 達悟語), is a Malayo-Polynesian and Philippine language spoken by the Tao people of Orchid Island, 46 kilometers southeast of Taiwan. It is a member of the Ivatan dialect continuum.

Yami is known as ciriciring no Tao 'human speech' by its native speakers. Some native speakers prefer the 'Tao' name.
Dease Lake (British Columbia)
Dease Lake is a lake in the Stikine Plateau of the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located at the head of the Dease River, which flows north then northeast from the lake to join the Liard River.  The community of Dease Lake, British Columbia, formerly Dease Lake Post, is located at the south end of the lake, straddling a low pass which leads into the basin from the Tanzilla River, a tributary of the Stikine.  The area around the lake was the focus of the Cassiar Gold Rush and numerous ghost towns and former settlement sites are scattered around its shores, including Laketon and Centre City. Dease Lake is the burial site and has a monument to English travelogue writer Warburton Pike.

Laketon, British Columbia
Laketon is a locality and former mining camp on the west shore of Dease Lake in the Cassiar Country of far northern British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the mouth of Dease Creek. Once known for the hanging of two murderers and their bodies buried at the crossroad to serve as a warning to all.  Gold was first found on Dease Creek in 1873, with Captain William Moore among the first to stake a claim.
Escanaba Area Public Schools
Escanaba Area Public Schools (EAPS) is the only public school district in Escanaba, Michigan. The district operates three elementary schools, one virtual learning center, and one combined junior high/senior high school. EAPS serves approximately 2,200 total students and employs 115 teachers, for a student-teacher ratio of 19:1.

Escanaba, Michigan
Escanaba (/ˌɛskəˈnɑːbə/ ES-kə-NAH-bə), commonly shortened to Esky, is a port city in and the county seat of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan, located on Little Bay de Noc in the state's Upper Peninsula. The population was 12,450 at the 2020 census, making it the third-largest city in the Upper Peninsula after Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie.

There is also Escanaba Township, which is north of the city and is not adjacent to it, although a portion of the urban area around the city extends into the township. Both are named for the Escanaba River, which flows into the Little Bay de Noc of Lake Michigan just north of the city. The names are derived from the Ojibwa language.
Vaudagne station
Vaudagne station (French: Gare de Vaudagne) is a railway station in the commune of Les Houches, in the French department of Haute-Savoie. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine line of SNCF.

Les Houches
Les Houches (French pronunciation: [le.z‿uʃ]; Arpitan: Les Ouches or Les Oucies) is an alpine commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Southeastern France. It is located just west of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, in the larger canton of Le Mont-Blanc.
Gdańsk Wrzeszcz–Gdańsk Osowa railway
Gdańsk Wrzeszcz–Gdańsk Osowa railway is a single- and double-track, mostly electrified railway line in Gdańsk, stretching 18.615 km. It is commonly referred to as the Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway.

The line was constructed between 2013 and 2015 by a consortium of companies, Budimex and Ferrovial Agroman, commissioned by the Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway company, which manages most of the line. Passenger train services began operating on 1 September 2015, and since December 2022, Polregio has been its operator.

In 2022, the construction of the new Gdańsk Firoga railway station was completed. Between 2021 and 2023, electrification work was carried out on the section managed by the Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway.

Gdańsk Wrzeszcz railway station
Gdańsk Wrzeszcz railway station is a railway station serving the city of Gdańsk, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1870 and is located on the Gdańsk–Stargard railway, the parallel Gdańsk Śródmieście–Rumia railway and Gdańsk Wrzeszcz–Gdańsk Osowa railway. The station is located in the Wrzeszcz quarter of the city. The train services are operated by PKP, Przewozy Regionalne and SKM Tricity. Koleje Mazowieckie trains operate here during the summer.
Milinda Panha
The Milindapañha (lit. 'Questions of Milinda') is a Buddhist text which dates from sometime between 100 BC and 200 AD. It purports to record a dialogue between the Indian Buddhist sage Nāgasena, and the 2nd century BC Indo-Greek king Menander I (Pali: Milinda).

The Milindapañhā is regarded as canonical in Burmese Buddhism, included as part of the book of Khuddaka Nikāya. An abridged version is included as part of Chinese Mahāyāna translations of the canon. The Milindapañha is not regarded as canonical by Thai or Sri Lankan Buddhism, however, despite the surviving Theravāda text being in Sinhalese script.

The Chinese text titled the Monk Nāgasena Sutra corresponds to the first three chapters of the Milindapañha.: xi–xiv  It was translated sometime during the Eastern Jin dynasty (317–420).

Paracanonical texts
"Paracanonical texts" (Pāli: Anupiṭaka; lit. 'after piṭaka'), also known as "non-canonical," "extra-canonical," and "post-canonical texts," refers to collected non-canonical or extra-canonical Pāli literature of Buddhism. These texts are considered as important supplements or complements to the core teachings contained in the Tipitaka. The paracanonical texts can be regarded as falling into three historical periods. The first ("classical") period stretches from about the 3rd century BC to about the 5th century AD. The second ("commentarial") period extends from the 5th century to the 11th century, and the third ("modern") period begins with the 12th century.
Winifred Spooner
Winifred Evelyn Spooner (11 September 1900 – 13 January 1933) was an English aviator of the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of the Harmon Trophy as the world's outstanding female aviator of 1929. In 1930 she was described as "the finest woman pilot in the world". She died aged 32 from pneumonia.

Sherborne School for Girls
Sherborne Girls, formally known as Sherborne School for Girls, is an independent day and boarding school for girls, located in Sherborne, North Dorset, England. There were 485 pupils attending in 2019–2020, with more than 90 per cent of them living on campus in the seven boarding houses. Recognition for Sherborne Girls has included a double "excellent" rating in its Independent Schools Inspectorate Report.
Key finding attacks
Key finding attacks are attacks on computer systems that make use of cryptography in which computer memory or non-volatile storage is searched for private cryptographic keys that can be used to decrypt or sign data. The term is generally used in the context of attacks which search memory much more efficiently than simply testing each sequence of bytes to determine if it provides the correct answer. They are often used in combination with cold boot attacks to extract key material from computers.

Nicko van Someren
Nicholas van Someren FREng (born 1967) is a British computer scientist, cryptographer and entrepreneur. He is known for having founded ANT Software, and nCipher, as well as for previous roles as chief security architect at Juniper Networks and chief technology officer at Good Technology and the Linux Foundation, where he ran the Core Infrastructure Initiative. He is currently the chief technology officer at Absolute Software Corporation.
The Satyr and the Traveller
The Satyr and the Traveller (or Peasant) is one of Aesop's Fables and is numbered 35 in the Perry Index. The popular idiom 'to blow hot and cold' is associated with it and the fable is read as a warning against duplicity.

Perry Index
The Perry Index is a widely used index of "Aesop's Fables" or "Aesopica", the fables credited to Aesop, the storyteller who lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 560 BC. The index was created by Ben Edwin Perry, a professor of classics at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

Modern scholarship takes the view that Aesop probably did not compose all of the fables attributed to him; indeed, a few are known to have first been used before Aesop lived, while the first record of many others is from well over a millennium after his time. Traditionally, Aesop's fables were arranged alphabetically, which is not helpful to the reader. Perry listed them by language (Greek then Latin), chronologically, by source, and then alphabetically; the Spanish scholar Francisco Rodríguez Adrados created a similar system. This system also does not help the casual reader, but is the best for scholarly purposes.
Ina, Saitama
Ina (伊奈町, Ina-machi) is a town in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the town had an estimated population of 44,928  in 18,907 households and a population density of 3000 persons per km². The total area of the town is 30.03 square kilometres (11.59 sq mi).

New Shuttle
The New Shuttle (ニューシャトル, Nyū Shatoru) is a manually driven rubber-tyred people mover system in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third-sector railway company Saitama New Urban Transit Co., Ltd. (埼玉新都市交通株式会社, Saitama Shin Toshi Kōtsū Kabushiki-gaisha).

The 12.7-kilometre (7.9 mi) Ina Line (伊奈線, Ina-sen) that runs north from Ōmiya Station in Saitama, Saitama, alongside the Tohoku Shinkansen and Joetsu Shinkansen elevated high-speed lines through Ageo to Uchijuku Station in Ina in Saitama Prefecture in the Greater Tokyo Area is the only route that is run on the system. The line is double tracked from Ōmiya Station to Maruyama Station and single tracked from Maruyama to Uchijuku Station.

Saitama New Urban Transit is a kabushiki gaisha whose major shareholders include the East Japan Railway Company, Tobu Railway, banks, Saitama prefectural government, and the cities and the town served.
2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
The Senior Women Race at the 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Al Bisharat Golf Course in Amman, Jordan, on March 28, 2009.  Reports of the event were given in The New York Times and for the IAAF.

Complete results for individuals, and for teams were published.

2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships took place on March 28, 2009.  The races were held at the Al Bisharat Golf Course in Amman, Jordan.  Four races took place, one for men, women, junior men and junior women respectively. All races encompassed both individual and team competition. Amman is also only the second occasion on which Asia has hosted the World Cross Country Championships, which are the oldest IAAF World Athletics Series event, first celebrated under the IAAF banner in 1973.
Rank (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the rank of a matrix A is the dimension of the vector space generated (or spanned) by its columns. This corresponds to the maximal number of linearly independent columns of A. This, in turn, is identical to the dimension of the vector space spanned by its rows. Rank is thus a measure of the "nondegenerateness" of the system of linear equations and linear transformation encoded by A. There are multiple equivalent definitions of rank. A matrix's rank is one of its most fundamental characteristics.

The rank is commonly denoted by rank(A) or rk(A); sometimes the parentheses are not written, as in rank A.

More generally, the rank of a linear map between two vector spaces is the dimension of its image.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Jesse Juarez
Jesse Juarez (born May 8, 1981) is an American former mixed martial artist. A professional competitor since 2006, Juarez has also formerly competed for Absolute Championship Berkut, Strikeforce, Bellator MMA, Maximum Fighting Championship, and Shark Fights. He holds a win at Welterweight over former UFC Middleweight champion Robert Whittaker.

Montana State University–Northern
Montana State University–Northern (MSU–Northern or Northern) is a public college in Havre, Montana, United States. It is part of the Montana University System and was "Northern Montana College" prior to the restructuring of Montana's public university system in 1994.
Stormy Petrel (TV series)
Stormy Petrel is an early Australian television drama. A period drama, the 12-episode serial told the story of William Bligh and aired in 1960 on ABC. It was the first live TV serial from the ABC.

It was based on a script by Rex Rienits adapted from his 1948 radio serial.

Stormy Petrel was a critical and popular success and led to the ABC making a number of period drama series set in Australia's past: The Outcasts (1961), The Patriots (1962), and The Hungry Ones (1963). It also inspired ATN-7, a commercial station, to make Jonah (1962). Telerecordings (also known as Kinescope recordings) of Stormy Petrel are held by National Archives of Australia.

Rex Rienits
Rex Gunther Rienits (17 April 1909 – 30 April 1971) was an Australian writer of radio, films, plays and TV. He was a journalist before becoming one of the leading radio writers in Australia. He moved to England in 1949 and worked for a number of years there. He later returned to Australia and worked on early local TV drama.

According to Richard Lane Rienits "was the most affable and generous of men; warm in his friendships, generous with his time and in his efforts to help those still with the ladder to scale. Above all, he was utterly dedicated to the propagation of Australian history, art and playwriting."
Chōjagahamashiosaihamanasukōenmae Station
Chōjagahamashiosaihamanasukōenmae Station (長者ヶ浜潮騒はまなす公園前駅, Chōjagahama Shiosai Hamanasu Kōenmae-eki; "in front of the park of sea roar and  rugosa roses by Chojagahama beach") is a passenger railway station in the town of Kashima, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan operated by the third sector Kashima Rinkai Railway.

The station was originally tied with Minamiaso Mizu-no-Umareru-Sato Hakusui-Kōgen Station in Kumamoto Prefecture for the longest train station name in Japan, with 22 hiragana characters each, until both were surpassed by Tōjiin Ritsumeikan University Station in Kyoto in 2020.

Kashima, Ibaraki
Kashima (鹿嶋市, Kashima-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 67,197 in 28,873 households and a population density of 634 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 31.5%. The total area of the city is 106.02 square kilometres (40.93 sq mi). Kashima is the home of the J. League's Kashima Antlers. Its home field, Kashima Soccer Stadium, was used as a site during the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The city is also the site of the Kashima Shrine,  one of the oldest  Shinto shrines in eastern Japan, and considered the birthplace of many influential styles of Japanese swordsmanship (Kenjutsu).
Sutton, New Hampshire
Sutton is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,978 at the 2020 census. Sutton includes the villages of Sutton Mills (shown as "Sutton" on topographic maps), North Sutton, South Sutton and East Sutton. North Sutton is home to Wadleigh State Park on Kezar Lake.

South Sutton, New Hampshire
South Sutton is an unincorporated community in the town of Sutton in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. It is located along New Hampshire Route 114, which leads north through Sutton Mills and North Sutton into the town of New London, and south into the town of Bradford. South Sutton is located along the Lane River.

South Sutton has a separate ZIP code (03273) from other parts of the town of Sutton.