hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manitou station
Manitou station (/mænɪtuː/ MAN-ih-TOO) is a commuter railroad station in the town of Philipstown in Putnam County, New York. Named after the hamlet of Manitou where it is located, the stop services trains of Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line. Manitou station is a limited service stop, one of two on the Hudson Line, along with Breakneck Ridge in the town of Fishkill. Both stations serve as stops for local hikers. Appalachian Trail station on the Harlem Line also serves this purpose. Manitou station is a two side platform station located at the crossing of Manitou Road. The station has seven inbound trains stop on weekends toward Grand Central Terminal and six outbound trains on the way to Poughkeepsie station. This station is the least used station in Putnam County, with only 42 passengers per week in 2018.

Putnam County, New York
Putnam County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,668. The county seat is Carmel, within one of the county's six towns. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Putnam County is bordered by Dutchess County to the north, Connecticut and its county of Fairfield to the east,  Westchester County to the south, and the Hudson River and Orange County to the west. Midtown Manhattan is around a one-hour drive, and the county is included in the New York metropolitan area.

Putnam County was formed in 1812 from Dutchess County and is named for Israel Putnam, a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War.

It is one of the most affluent counties in America, ranked 21st by median household income, and 43rd by per-capita income, according to the 2012 American Community Survey and 2009–2013 American Community Survey, respectively.
How Country Feels
How Country Feels is the third studio album by American country music artist Randy Houser. It was released on January 22, 2013, through Stoney Creek Records. Houser wrote seven of the album's fifteen tracks. The album was produced by Derek George, a former member of the bands Pearl River and Williams Riley. The album's first single, the title track, became Houser's first Number One song on the Billboard Country Airplay chart. Its second single, "Runnin' Outta Moonlight", was released to country radio on March 4, 2013. Both singles were certified Platinum by the RIAA. The album's third single, "Goodnight Kiss", was released to country radio on September 23, 2013. The album's fourth single, "Like a Cowboy", was released to country radio on May 19, 2014. The third and fourth singles were certified Gold.

The album had sold 228,000 copies in the US as of January 2015.

Goodnight Kiss
"Goodnight Kiss" is  a song recorded by American country music artist Randy Houser. It was released in September 2013 as the third single from his third studio album, How Country Feels. Houser wrote the song with Rob Hatch and Jason Sellers.
Donald Sheldon
Donald Edward Sheldon (November 21, 1921 – January 26, 1975) was an Alaskan bush pilot who pioneered the technique of glacier landings on Denali during the 1950s and 1960s.

From his base in Talkeetna, Alaska, Sheldon operated Talkeetna Air Service, which ferried climbers, hunters, fishermen, and others to places inaccessible to ground transportation. Over the years, he assisted in numerous rescue operations, both in civilian and military, and was awarded an Alaska Certificate of Achievement for his help. His planes, which included Piper Super Cubs, Cessna 180s and Aeronca Sedans were equipped with an assortment of landing gear, including skis, floats and large, soft rubber wheels. Sheldon died of cancer in 1975.

Talkeetna, Alaska
Talkeetna (Dena'ina: K'dalkitnu) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined a larger area as a census-designated place (CDP) that may not correspond with the local understanding of the community. At the 2020 census the entire CDP's population was 1,055, up from 876 in 2010.
Buttle Lake
Buttle Lake is a lake on Vancouver Island in Strathcona Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. It is about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long and 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) wide, has an area of 28 square kilometres (11 sq mi), is up to 120 metres (394 ft) deep, and lies at an elevation of 221 metres (725 ft). The lake is located between Campbell River and Gold River in Strathcona Provincial Park. The lake is the headwaters of the Campbell River.

Campbell River (Vancouver Island)
The Campbell River is a river on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It drains into Discovery Passage at the northwest end of the Strait of Georgia at the City of Campbell River. The Kwak'wala name for the river, or for the village near its mouth, at Campbell River Indian Reserve No. 11, is Tla'mataxw. The source of the river is Buttle Lake.
The Night of Tricks
The Night of Tricks (Italian: La notte delle beffe) is a 1939 Italian "white-telephones" comedy film directed by Carlo Campogalliani and starring Amedeo Nazzari, Dria Paola and Maurizio D'Ancora.

It was shot at Cinecittà Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nino Maccarones.

Carlo Campogalliani
Carlo Campogalliani (10 October 1885 – 10 August 1974) was an Italian screenwriter, actor and film director. Campogalliani directed around eighty films during his career and acted in another fifty. He directed the 1934 sports film Stadio and the 1940 Fascist propaganda film The Cavalier from Kruja. He was married to the actress Letizia Quaranta who appeared in several of his films.
Lordship of Sidon
The Lordship of Sidon (French: Saete/Sagette), later County of Sidon, was one of the four major fiefdoms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, one of the Crusader States. However, in reality, it appears to have been much smaller than the others and had the same level of significance as several neighbors, such as Toron and Beirut, which were sub-vassals.

Sidon was captured in December, 1110 during the Norwegian Crusade and given to Eustace I Grenier. The lordship was a coastal strip on the Mediterranean Sea between Tyre and Beirut. It was conquered by Saladin in 1187 and remained in Muslim hands until it was restored to Christian control by German Crusaders in the Crusade of 1197. Julien Grenier sold it to the Knights Templar after it was destroyed by the Mongols in 1260 before the Battle of Ain Jalut. One of the vassals of the lordship was the Lordship of the Shuf.

Sidon
Sidon (/ˈsaɪdən/ SY-dən), or Saida (/ˈsaɪdə, ˈsɑːɪdə/ SY-də, SAH-id-ə; Arabic: صيدا, romanized: Ṣaydā), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located on the Mediterranean coast in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital. Tyre, to the south, and the Lebanese capital of Beirut, to the north, are each about 40 kilometres (25 miles) away. Sidon has a population of about 80,000 within the city limits, while its metropolitan area has more than a quarter-million inhabitants.
Carole Cook
Mildred Frances Cook (January 14, 1924 – January 11, 2023), known professionally as Carole Cook, was an American actress, active on screen and stage, best known for appearances on Lucille Ball's comedy television series The Lucy Show and Here's Lucy.

Her best known film roles include The Incredible Mr. Limpet, American Gigolo and Sixteen Candles.

The Incredible Mr. Limpet
The Incredible Mr. Limpet is a 1964 American live-action/animated hybrid fantasy comedy film produced by Warner Bros. Pictures and based on the 1942 novel Mr. Limpet by Theodore Pratt. It is about a man named Henry Limpet who turns into a talking fish and helps the U.S. Navy locate and destroy Nazi submarines. Don Knotts plays the title character. The live action was directed by Arthur Lubin, while the animation was directed by Bill Tytla, Robert McKimson, Hawley Pratt, and Gerry Chiniquy at Warner Bros. Cartoons. Music includes songs by Sammy Fain, in collaboration with Harold Adamson, including "I Wish I Were a Fish", "Be Careful How You Wish" and "Deep Rapture". The film received mixed reviews. It was the final project for Warner Bros. Cartoons prior to its closure in May 1963.
Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Two-man
The two-man bobsleigh competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 18 and 19 February at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. Justin Kripps and Alexander Kopacz of Canada and Francesco Friedrich and Thorsten Margis of Germany shared gold after the two teams recorded exactly the same time after four runs. Oskars Melbārdis and Jānis Strenga of Latvia won the bronze medal.

Alexander Kopacz
Alexander Kopacz (born 26 January 1990) is a Canadian bobsledder and the reigning Olympic co-champion in the two-man bobsleigh event.  He competed in the two-man event at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Kopacz and pilot Justin Kripps tied with the German team of Francesco Friedrich and Thorsten Margis for the gold medal.
Valenzano, Apulia
Valenzano (Barese: Valzàne) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bari, in Apulia, Italy. It is home to several centers of scientific research, including Tecnopolis, one of the biggest of the Southern Italy in addition to The Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (IAMB) part of the International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM). 
Valenzano is the seat of the "Antonio de Viti de Marco" Technical, Economic and Technological Institute (among which the Environmental Biotechnology specialization, established in the 2014-15 school year, stands out).

Sights include  the All Saints' Church, a former 11th century abbey, and the late Renaissance church of St Roch. The baronial castle was reconstructed in 1870.

Metropolitan City of Bari
The Metropolitan City of Bari (Italian: città metropolitana di Bari) is a metropolitan city in the region of Apulia of Italy. Its capital is the city of Bari. It replaced the province of Bari and includes the city of Bari and 40 other municipalities. It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since January 1, 2015.

The Metropolitan City of Bari is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and by the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 1 January 2015 Antonio Decaro, as mayor of the capital city, has been the first mayor of the Metropolitan City.

It has a population of 1,218,191 in an area of 3,862.88 km2 (1,491.47 sq mi) as of 2025.
Dave Chappelle: Killin' Them Softly
Dave Chappelle: Killin' Them Softly is a 2000 American stand-up comedy television film directed by Stan Lathan and written by and starring comedian Dave Chappelle. Filmed at the Lincoln Theatre in Washington, D.C., it was Chappelle's first hour-long HBO special, premiering on HBO on July 26, 2000. In the special, Chappelle talks about a variety of topics, including racism, police brutality, and drug use.

Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)
38°55′1″N 77°1′46″W﻿ / ﻿38.91694°N 77.02944°W﻿ / 38.91694; -77.02944

Lincoln Theatre is a historic theater in Washington, D.C., located at 1215 U Street, next to Ben's Chili Bowl.  The theater, located on "Washington's Black Broadway", served the city's African American community when segregation kept them out of other venues.  The Lincoln Theatre included a movie house and ballroom, and hosted jazz and big band performers such as Duke Ellington.  The theater closed after the 1968 race-related riots.  It was restored and reopened in 1994, and hosts a variety of performances and events.  The U Street Metro station, which opened in 1991, is located across the street from the Lincoln Theatre.
Euler numbers
In mathematics, the Euler numbers are a sequence En of integers (sequence A122045 in the OEIS) defined by the Taylor series expansion

where  is the hyperbolic cosine function. The Euler numbers are related to a special value of the Euler polynomials, namely

The Euler numbers appear in the Taylor series expansions of the secant and hyperbolic secant functions. The latter is the function in the definition. They also occur in combinatorics, specifically when counting the number of alternating permutations of a set with an even number of elements.

Bernoulli polynomials
In mathematics, the Bernoulli polynomials, named after Jacob Bernoulli, combine the Bernoulli numbers and binomial coefficients. They are used for series expansion of functions, and with the Euler–MacLaurin formula.

These polynomials occur in the study of many special functions and, in particular, the Riemann zeta function and the Hurwitz zeta function.  They are an Appell sequence (i.e. a Sheffer sequence for the ordinary derivative operator). For the Bernoulli polynomials, the number of crossings of the x-axis in the unit interval does not go up with the degree. In the limit of large degree, they approach, when appropriately scaled, the sine and cosine functions.

A similar set of polynomials, based on a generating function, is the family of Euler polynomials.
Scandal (American band)
Scandal is an American rock band formed in 1981 by Zack Smith and fronted by Patty Smyth. The band scored heavy rotation classics on MTV with "Goodbye to You" (1982) and "Love's Got a Line on You" (1983), setting the stage for their first full-length album on Columbia Records, that spawned an RIAA-certified platinum hit in both the United States and Canada, with the song "The Warrior", peaking at No. 7 in 1984. The song ended up in Billboard's Top 50 songs for that year.

The Warrior (song)
"The Warrior" is a song by American rock band Scandal, fronted by Patty Smyth. Written by Holly Knight and Nick Gilder, the song was included on their debut and sole studio album, Warrior (1984). The song reached number seven in the United States and number one in Canada, as well as number one on the US Billboard Rock Top Tracks chart, and won a BMI Airplay Award in 1984. It was also a hit in Australia, where it peaked at number six, and in New Zealand and South Africa, reaching number 11 in both countries. The music video for the song was directed by David Hahn.
Tell Scotland Movement
The Tell Scotland Movement (1953-1966) was the most extensive and ambitious attempt at outreach by the Protestant Churches in Scotland in the twentieth century. At the time, together with its associated All-Scotland Crusade, led by Dr Billy Graham, it generated considerable energies, publicity and controversy. In 1964 Tell Scotland became a founding part of the Scottish Churches Council, within the ecumenical movement. Commentators since have had varied views about the extents to which Tell Scotland succeeded or failed.

Tom Allan (minister)
Thomas (Tom) Allan (1916-1965) was a minister and evangelist of the Church of Scotland, broadcaster, author, columnist and pioneer of practical church outreach in social work, primarily in the city of Glasgow. His notable achievements were recognised with one of the city's highest honours, the St Mungo Prize in 1964.
Appendicular artery
The appendicular artery, also known as the appendiceal artery, commonly arises from the terminal branch of the ileocolic artery, or less commonly from the posterior cecal artery or an ileal artery. It descends behind the termination of the ileum and enters the mesoappendix of the vermiform appendix.  It runs near the free margin of the mesoappendix and ends in branches which supply the appendix.

Mesentery
In human anatomy, the mesentery is an organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, consisting of a double fold of the peritoneum. It helps (among other functions) in storing fat and allowing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to supply the intestines.

The mesocolon (the part of the mesentery that attaches the colon to the abdominal wall) was formerly thought to be a fragmented structure, with all named parts—the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid mesocolons, the mesoappendix, and the mesorectum—separately terminating their insertion into the posterior abdominal wall. However, in 2012, new microscopic and electron microscopic examinations showed the mesocolon to be a single structure derived from the duodenojejunal flexure and extending to the distal mesorectal layer. Thus the mesentery is an internal organ.
Listed buildings in Halton-with-Aughton
Halton-with-Aughton is a civil parish in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It contains 46 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, three are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.

The parish is in the Lune Valley to the east of Lancaster, and contains the village of Halton-on-Lune and the settlement of Aughton.  Much of the parish is rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, and farmhouses and farm buildings.  The Midland Railway, its lines now disused, passed through the parish, and two of its bridges are listed.  Passing through the western extremity of the parish is the Lancaster Canal, and an aqueduct and a bridge associated with this are listed.  The other listed buildings include a church and associated structures, a mausoleum, a public house, and a bridge over the River Lune.

Halton-with-Aughton
Halton-with-Aughton is a civil parish and electoral ward located 3 miles (5 km) east of Lancaster, England, on the north bank of the River Lune. The main settlement is the village of Halton, or Halton-on-Lune, in the west, and the parish stretches to the hamlet of Aughton in the east.  It lies in the City of Lancaster district of Lancashire, and has a population of 2,227, down from 2,360 in 2001.
Whisky Galore (novel)
Whisky Galore is a novel written by the Scottish author Compton Mackenzie. It was published in 1947. It was adapted for the cinema under the title Whisky Galore!. The book has sold several million copies and has been reprinted several times.

Eriskay
Eriskay (Scottish Gaelic: Èirisgeigh), from the Old Norse for "Eric's Isle", is an island and community council area of the Outer Hebrides in northern Scotland with a population of 160. It lies between South Uist and Barra and is connected to South Uist by a causeway which was opened in 2001. In the same year Ceann a' Ghàraidh in Eriskay became the ferry terminal for travelling between South Uist and Barra. The Caledonian MacBrayne vehicular ferry travels between Eriskay and Ardmore in Barra. The crossing takes around 40 minutes.
Modesty (Corradini sculpture)
Modesty or Chastity (Italian: La Pudicizia) or Veiled Truth by Antonio Corradini is a sculpture completed in 1752 during the Rococo period. Corradini was commissioned by Raimondo di Sangro to sculpt a memorial for his mother in the Cappella Sansevero in Naples, where the marble sculpture still remains.

Antonio Corradini
Antonio Corradini (19 October 1688 – 12 August 1752) was an Italian Rococo sculptor from Venice. He is best known for his illusory veiled depictions of the human body, where the contours of the face and body beneath the veil are discernible.

Born in Venice, Corradini spent most of his early career working in his hometown for various patrons in the Venetian Republic, as well as in Dresden and Saint Petersburg. Later, in the 1730s, he spent a decade in Vienna where he was court sculptor for Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. In the 1740s he moved first to Rome and later to Naples, where he died.
Sobki, Łódź Voivodeship
Sobki [ˈsɔpki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zelów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Zelów, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Bełchatów, and 44 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Zelów
Gmina Zelów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Zelów, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-west of Bełchatów and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 168.21 square kilometres (64.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 15,321 (of which the population of Zelów amounts to 8,173, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,148).
Denison Bridge
The Denison Bridge is a heritage-listed footbridge over the Macquarie River in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. It is the fourth oldest metal truss bridge existing in Australia.

The bridge, completed in 1870, replaced an earlier bridge that was built in 1856 and destroyed in 1867 floods. It was designed by Gustavus Alphonse Morrell and built from 1869 to 1870 by P. N. Russell & Co. The bridge structure, except for the deck, is original and in excellent condition and for over 120 years the bridge carried the Great Western Highway over the Macquarie River.

In the early 1990s a realignment of the Great Western Highway resulted in the Evans Bridge replacing the Denison Bridge, with the latter converted to pedestrian traffic only. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 1 August 2003, having earlier been listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate in 1978.

Great Western Highway
Great Western Highway is a 202-kilometre-long (126 mi) state highway in New South Wales, Australia. From east to west, the highway links Sydney with Bathurst, on the state's Central Tablelands. The highway also has local road names between the Sydney city centre and Parramatta, being: Broadway from Haymarket to Chippendale, Parramatta Road from Chippendale to Parramatta, and Church Street through Parramatta.
Radiative transfer
Radiative transfer (also called radiation transport) is the physical phenomenon of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes. The equation of radiative transfer describes these interactions mathematically. Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including optics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, and remote sensing. Analytic solutions to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) exist for simple cases but for more realistic media, with complex multiple scattering effects, numerical methods are required. 
The present article is largely focused on the condition of radiative equilibrium.

Optical depth
In physics, optical depth or optical thickness is the natural logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material.
Thus, the larger the optical depth, the smaller the amount of transmitted radiant power through the material. 
Spectral optical depth or spectral optical thickness is the natural logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted spectral radiant power through a material. Optical depth is dimensionless, and in particular is not a length, though it is a  monotonically increasing function of optical path length, and approaches zero as the path length approaches zero. The use of the term "optical density" for optical depth is discouraged.

In chemistry, a closely related quantity called "absorbance" or "decadic absorbance" is used instead of optical depth: the common logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material. It is the optical depth divided by  loge(10), because of the different logarithm bases used.