hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FL1 (Lazio regional railways)
The FL1 (until 2012 FR1) is a regional rail route forming part of the Lazio regional railways network (Italian: ferrovie regionali del Lazio), which is operated by Trenitalia, and converges on the city of Rome, Italy.

The route operates over the infrastructure of the Florence–Rome railway, the Pisa–Livorno–Rome railway and the Rome–Fiumicino railway. Within the territory of the comune of Rome, it plays the role of a commuter railway. It is estimated that on average about 65,000 passengers travel on an FL1 train each day.

The electronic destination boards at stations show only the designation "R" (Regional train).

Fiumicino
Fiumicino (Italian: [fjumiˈtʃiːno]) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 80,500 (2019). It is known for being the site of Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, the busiest airport in Italy and the eighth-busiest in Europe, which serves Rome and much of central Italy.
Republic of Madawaska
The Republic of Madawaska (French: République du Madawaska) was a putative republic in the northwest corner of Madawaska County, New Brunswick (also known as the "New Brunswick Panhandle") and adjacent areas of  Aroostook County in the US state of Maine and of Quebec.

The word "Madawaska" comes from the Miꞌkmaq words madawas (place of) and kak (porcupine). Thus, the Madawaska is "the country of the porcupine". 
The Madawaska River which flows into the Saint John River at Edmundston, New Brunswick, and Madawaska, Maine, flows through the region.

Madawaska County, New Brunswick
Madawaska County (2021 population 32,603), also known as the "New Brunswick Panhandle", is located in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. 94% of the county’s population speaks French (88% as first language, 6.1% as second language). Its Francophone population are known as "Brayons." Forestry is the major industry in the county.
Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Arabic: حمدان بن راشد أل مكتوم, Ḥamdān bin Rāšid Āl Maktūm; 25 December 1945 – 24 March 2021) was an Emirati politician, the deputy ruler of Dubai and the minister of finance and industry of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). He was the second son of the late ruler Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum. Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum was the head of the UAE's delegation at the International Monetary Fund and the OPEC Fund.

Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum (Arabic: رَاشِد بن سَعِيْد آل مَكتُوم, romanized: Rāšid bin Saʿīd Āl Maktūm; 11 June 1912 – 7 October 1990) was an Emirati royal, politician and one of the Founding Fathers of the United Arab Emirates.

Rashid bin Saeed was the first vice president and second prime minister of the United Arab Emirates, and was the ruler of Dubai from 1958–1990. His son, Maktoum, was the UAE's first prime minister. He was vice president of the UAE from the nation's independence and foundation in 1972 until his death.

Sheikh Rashid was the first Emirati vice president to serve concurrently as prime minister, when he became prime minister on 30 April 1979. After his death the office of prime minister was de facto tied to the office of vice president.

He was responsible for the transformation of Dubai from a small settlement around Dubai Creek to a modern port city, regional commercial hub and entrepôt.
Salmiak cat
A salmiak cat is a domestic cat of any breed which have a distinct coat colour called the salmiak fur pattern, salty liquorice, or Finnish mutation. The most commonly used name for the coat colour, 'salmiak', is derived from the Finnish word for salty liquorice, as the appearance of the salmiak pattern is a black  tuxedo pattern with flecks of white, resembling salty liquorice.

This coat colour was originally documented by Finnish researchers in 2024. It is noted to be caused by a recessive allele at the KIT gene, similar to many other white patterns on cats and other domestic animals.

Cat coat genetics
Cat coat genetics determine the colouration, pattern, length, and texture of feline fur. The variations among cat coats are physical properties and should not be confused with cat breeds. A cat may display the coat of a certain breed without actually being that breed. For example, a Neva Masquerade (Siberian colourpoint) could wear point colouration, the typical coat of a Siamese.
Oleksandr Hladkyi
Oleksandr Mykolayovych Hladkyi (Ukrainian: Олександр Миколайович Гладкий, born 24 August 1987) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a forward for an amateur side Avanhard Lozova. He has also appeared for the Ukraine national team. His last name is variously transliterated into English as Hladkyy.

2008 Ukrainian Cup final
The 2008 Ukrainian Cup final was a football match that took place at the Metalist Stadium on May 7, 2008. The match was the 17th Ukrainian Cup Final and it was contested by Shakhtar Donetsk and Dynamo Kyiv. The 2008 Ukrainian Cup Final was the first to be held outside of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv. Shakhtar won the match 2–0 through goals from Oleksandr Gladkiy and Oleksiy Gai.

The match had five red cards issued, two to Dynamo players and three to Shakhtar players. The match also had six yellow cards (Gladkiy received two), four of which were given to Shakhtar players and two to Dynamo players. This was in part because of players' violent behavior and also because referee Victor Shvetsov made several misjudgments.
Colonial Street
Colonial Street is one of the backlot street sets at the Universal Studios Lot in Universal City, California. The street set has a long history, spanning over 60 years of movies and television. From 2004 to 2012, it was used in the filming of the TV series Desperate Housewives, in which the street was known as Wisteria Lane. After the production of Desperate Housewives ended, the street underwent a small makeover to remove aspects of Wisteria Lane, so that it could be used in other productions. As of May 2012, most of the iconic white fencing and wisteria has been removed. Colonial Street has since been used for the NBC comedy About a Boy and the NBC series Telenovela, featuring Desperate Housewives star Eva Longoria.

Universal Studios Lot
Universal Studios Lot is a television and film studio complex located at 100 Universal City Plaza in Universal City, California, and is part of the entire Universal Studios complex, which also includes the adjacent Universal Studios Hollywood theme park.  It is the production site of Universal Filmed Entertainment Group and is owned by Comcast through its subsidiary NBCUniversal. The lot officially opened the gates of Universal City on March 15, 1915. The lot began offering its modern studio tour in 1964, which eventually evolved into the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park. Today the Universal Studios Lot is made up of 400 acres, which includes more than 30 sound stages, the Brokaw News Center and 165 other separate structures.
George Green (mathematician)
George Green (14 July 1793 – 31 May 1841) was a British mathematical physicist who wrote An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism in 1828. The essay introduced several important concepts, among them a theorem similar to the modern Green's theorem, the idea of potential functions as currently used in physics, and the concept of what are now called Green's functions. Green was the first person to create a mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism and his theory formed the foundation for the work of other scientists such as James Clerk Maxwell, William Thomson, and others. His work on potential theory ran parallel to that of Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Green's life story is remarkable in that he was almost entirely self-taught. He received only about one year of formal schooling as a child, between the ages of 8 and 9.

Green's Mill, Sneinton
Green's Windmill is a restored and working 19th-century tower windmill in Sneinton, Nottingham. Built in the early 1800s for the milling of wheat into flour, it remained in use until the 1860s. It was renovated in the 1980s and is now part of a science centre, which together have become a local tourist attraction.
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)
The Minister for Foreign Affairs is a government official responsible for overseeing the foreign policy and international diplomacy of Ghana. Currently Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa, the minister is usually one of the most senior members of Cabinet. Under pre-1992 military regimes in Ghana, the title; minister has been replaced with commissioner or secretary.

During the government rule of Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party between January 2017 and January 2025, the ministry was combined with other portfolios to form the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration under Shirley Ayorkor Botchway. On 18 September 2025, the ministry awarded diplomatic passport to the following Ghanaians, Ibrahim Mahama, Wade Maya, Rocky Dawuni, Anita Erskine and Dentaa.

Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey
Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey (born 8 February 1963) is a Ghanaian politician, diplomat and lawyer who has served as the seventh secretary-general of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1 April 2025. At the time of her appointment, she was Ghana's Minister for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration. She was appointed foreign minister by Ghanaian president Nana Akufo-Addo on 10 January 2017. Previously, she was a Member of Parliament for Anyaa-Sowutuom from 2013 to 2021 and had served as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and a Minister of State at the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing under John Kufuor. She is a member of the New Patriotic Party.
Bridport Railway
The Bridport Railway was a railway branch line that operated in the county of Dorset in England. It connected Bridport with the main line network at Maiden Newton, and opened on 12 November 1857. It was extended to West Bay in 1884, but the extension was not well used and it closed to passengers in 1930.

The remaining branch closed in 1975.

British Rail Class 121
The British Rail Class 121 is a type of double-ended diesel railcars. Sixteen driving motor vehicles were built from 1960, numbered 55020–55035, which were supplemented by ten single-ended trailer vehicles, numbered 56280–56289 (later renumbered 54280–54289). They have a top speed of 70 mph (113 km/h), with slam-doors and vacuum brakes. The driving motor vehicles were nicknamed "Bubble Cars" by some enthusiasts (a nickname endorsed and made official by final passenger service operator Chiltern Railways). The Class 121 is Britain's longest-serving diesel unit, operating in passenger service for 57 years until 2017.
Kabayama Site
Kabayama ruins (樺山遺跡, Kabayama Iseki) is an archaeological site consisting of  a Jōmon period settlement and possible ceremonial center located in the Inase neighborhood of Kitakami, Iwate, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It has been designated as a National Historic Site since 1977.

Kitakami, Iwate
Kitakami (北上市, Kitakami-shi) is a city located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 92,311, and a population density of 210 persons per km2 in 37,085 households. The total area of the city is 437.55 square kilometres (168.94 sq mi). The city is famous for the sakura that bloom in Tenshochi Park.
Keyshawn Johnson
Joseph Keyshawn Johnson (born July 22, 1972) is an American former professional football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons.

He played college football for the USC Trojans, and earned All-American honors twice. He was selected first overall by the New York Jets in the 1996 NFL draft. He also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Dallas Cowboys, and Carolina Panthers. He was one of three wide receivers to be taken first overall in NFL draft history and the most recent. During his tenure with the Buccaneers, Johnson was a member of the team that won Super Bowl XXXVII in 2003.

He retired from football following the 2006 season, and spent seven years as a television broadcaster for the sports channel ESPN. He was one of the co-hosts of the FS1 weekday morning debate show Undisputed with Richard Sherman, Michael Irvin, and Skip Bayless. He has since joined Paul Pierce and Joy Taylor to co-host the FS1 weekday show Speak.

Joy Taylor
Joy Allison Taylor (born January 17, 1987) is an American television host and sports commentator. She most recently worked for Fox Sports 1 (FS1) and co-hosted Speak with Keyshawn Johnson and Paul Pierce.

Taylor was previously moderator of FS1's studio show Skip and Shannon: Undisputed with commentators Skip Bayless and Shannon Sharpe, news update anchor on FS1's The Herd with Colin Cowherd, and host of The Joy Taylor Show Saturdays on Fox Sports Radio.
Miguel Romero
Miguel Alberto Romero Lugo (born February 17, 1970) is a Puerto Rican lawyer, who is the current Mayor of San Juan. He was also Secretary of Labor and Human Resources of Puerto Rico (2009–2012) and former Chief of Staff of Puerto Rico during Governor Luis Fortuño's administration (2012–2013) and senator for the San Juan District (2017–2020).

Secretary of Labor and Human Resources of Puerto Rico
The Secretary of Labor and Human Resources of Puerto Rico is responsible for the development and management of all matters related to labor and human resources in the government of Puerto Rico. The secretary heads the Department of Labor and Human Resources.
Cooerwull railway footbridge
The Cooerwull railway footbridge is a heritage-listed pedestrian bridge located at Top Points Station on the Zig Zag Railway at Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. It was built in 1941. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Lithgow, New South Wales
Lithgow is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia and is the administrative centre of the City of Lithgow local government area. It is located in a mountain valley named Lithgow's Valley by John Oxley in honour of William Lithgow, the Auditor-General of the colony of New South Wales.

Lithgow is on the Great Western Highway, about 150 km (95 mi) west of Sydney, or via the old mountain route, Bells Line of Road, from Windsor. At June 2021 Lithgow had an urban population of 11,197.
Lithgow is surrounded by a varied landscape characterised by seven valleys which include national parks, one of which, the Blue Mountains National Park, is a World Heritage Area. The Wollemi National Park is home to the Jurassic-age tree the Wollemi Pine, which was found growing in a remote canyon in the park.
True Grit (song)
"True Grit" is a song written by Don Black and Elmer Bernstein, and recorded by American country music artist Glen Campbell. It was released in July 1969 as the first single from his album True Grit. The song peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada. The song also received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Song.

True Grit (1969 soundtrack)
True Grit is the soundtrack album by Glen Campbell and Elmer Bernstein for the film True Grit starring John Wayne. Campbell performs on only two of the album's tracks, the first and last while the remaining eight tracks are taken from music composed by Bernstein for the film.
Brett Lewis
Brett Lewis is an American comic book writer and editor, best known for his post-superheroic series The Winter Men with artist John Paul Leon, as well as the Eisner-nominated short story "Mars to Stay" with art by Cliff Chiang.

Bulletproof Monk
Bulletproof Monk is a 2003 American action comedy film directed by Paul Hunter in his feature film directorial debut, and starring Chow Yun-fat, Seann William Scott, and Jaime King. The film is loosely based on the comic book written by Brett Lewis with art by Michael Avon Oeming. The film was shot in Toronto and Hamilton, Canada, and other locations that resemble New York City. It received negative reviews from critics and was a commercial failure, earning $37 million worldwide on the budget of $52 million. Despite this, it developed a cult classic status in subsequent years.
Arnold Creek, Portland, Oregon
Arnold Creek is a neighborhood (and a creek) in the Southwest section of Portland, Oregon, just north of the city of Lake Oswego and Clackamas County.  It borders West Portland Park to the west, Markham and Marshall Park to the north, Collins View and Tryon Creek State Natural Area to the east, and Lake Oswego and the unincorporated Multnomah County enclave of Englewood to the south.

Part of Maricara Natural Area (1988) is located in Arnold Creek (as well as in Markham).

Markham, Portland, Oregon
Markham is a neighborhood in the Southwest section of Portland, Oregon.  Markham is bordered by Multnomah and South Burlingame on the north, Marshall Park on the east, Arnold Creek on the south, and West Portland Park on the west.

Part of Maricara Natural Area (1988) is located in Markham (as well as in Arnold Creek).
Giuseppe Francica-Nava de Bontifè
Giuseppe Francica-Nava de Bontifè (23 July 1846 – 7 December 1928) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Catania from 1895 until his death; he was elevated to the cardinalate in 1899.

Archdiocese of Catania
The Archdiocese of Catania (Latin: Archidioecesis Catanensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Sicily, southern Italy, with its seat in Catania. It was elevated to an archdiocese in 1859, and became a metropolitan see in 2000. Its suffragans are the diocese of Acireale and the diocese of Caltagirone.
Danjiangkou Dam
The Danjiangkou Dam (Chinese: 丹江口大坝; pinyin: Dānjiāngkǒu Dàbà) is a concrete gravity dam on the Han river near Danjiangkou in Hubei Province, China. The original dam was constructed between 1958 and 1973. The dam creates a large Danjiangkou Reservoir.

In the 21st century, the Danjiangkou Dam became part of the South-North Water Transfer Project. In 2005–2009, its height was raised in order to increase the reservoir's capacity.

Danjiangkou Reservoir
Danjiangkou Reservoir (simplified Chinese: 丹江口水库; traditional Chinese: 丹江口水庫; pinyin: Dānjiāngkǒu Shuǐkù) is a multi-purpose reservoir in Xichuan County, Henan and Danjiangkou City, Hubei province, Central China. Created by the Danjiangkou Dam, it serves as a supply of water for the region as well as for irrigation, electricity generation, flood control and aquaculture. The reservoir can be divided in two branches, formed by the Han River and Dan River, each having a similar storage capacity.
Diocese of Kotayk
Diocese of Kotayk (Armenian: Կոտայքի թեմ Kotayki t'em), is a diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church covering the Kotayk Province of Armenia. The name is derived from the historic Kotayk canton of Ayrarat province of Armenia Major.

The diocese was officially founded on May 30, 1996, upon a kontakion issued by Catholicos Karekin I. The diocesan headquarters are located in the provincial capital Hrazdan, while the cathedral of the diocese is the Kecharis Monastery in the nearby town of Tsaghkadzor.

Kotayk Province
Kotayk (Armenian: Կոտայք, Armenian pronunciation: [kɔˈtɑjkʰ] ⓘ), is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located at the central part of the country. Its capital is Hrazdan and the largest city is Abovyan. It is named after the Kotayk canton of the historic Ayrarat province of Ancient Armenia.

Kotayk is bordered by Lori Province from the northwest, Tavush Province from the north, Gegharkunik Province from the north, Aragatsotn Province from the southwest, and Ararat Province from the southwest and the capital Yerevan from the west. Kotayk is the only province in Armenia that has no borders with foreign countries.

The province is home to many ancient landmarks and tourist attractions in Armenia including the 1st-century Garni Temple, the medieval Bjni Fortress, 11th-century Kecharis Monastery and the 13th-century monastery of Geghard. Kotayk is also home to the popular winter sports resort and the spa-town of Tsaghkadzor and the mountain resort of Aghveran.
Law & Society Review
Law & Society Review (abbreviated LSR) is a peer-reviewed journal in the academic field of law and society. It was established by the Law and Society Association in 1966 and is published by Cambridge University Press. Prior to 2024, it was published by Wiley-Blackwell. LSR has four issues per volume per year and is regarded by sociolegal scholars worldwide as a leading journal in the sociology of law. The general editors are Lee Cabatingan (University of California, Irvine, USA), Bill Maurer (University of California, Irvine, USA), and Justin Richland (University of California, Irvine, USA).

Law and Society Association
The Law and Society Association (LSA), founded in 1964, is a group of scholars from many fields and countries who share a common interest in the place of law in social, political, economic and cultural life.  It is one of the leading professional associations for those interested in the sociology of law.
Marty Wilde
Marty Wilde (born Reginald Leonard Smith; 15 April 1939) is an English singer and songwriter. He was among the first generation of British pop stars to emulate American rock and roll, scoring several 1950s and 1960s hit singles including "Endless Sleep", "Sea of Love" and "Bad Boy". During the late 1960s to early 1980s, Wilde continued to record and, with Ronnie Scott, co-wrote hit singles for others including the Casuals' "Jesamine" and Status Quo's "Ice in the Sun". He is the father of pop singer Kim Wilde and co-wrote many of her hit singles including "Kids in America" with his son Ricky. He continues to perform and record.

Mike Berry (singer)
Michael Hubert Bourne (24 September 1942 – 11 April 2025), known professionally as Mike Berry, was an English singer and actor, known for the top ten hits  "Don't You Think It's Time" (1963) and "The Sunshine of Your Smile" (1980) and for portraying Mr. Spooner in Are You Being Served?
Akrotiri, Santorini
Akrotiri (Greek: Ακρωτήρι) is a village and a community on the island of Santorini in Greece. It is located 15 kilometers south of the capital Fira, built on the slopes of a hill offering staggering views of the caldera cliffs. On top of this hill, there are remains of a Venetian castle (Goulas). 
Akrotiri is part of the Thira region and had 515 permanent inhabitants according to the Greek census of 2021.

Approximately 2 km southeast, the Minoan Bronze Age Akrotiri archaeological site is located. This is one of the most important of its kind in the Aegean.

West of Akrotiri and on Santorini's westmost tip, there is a lighthouse dating from 1892. Much of the town is built around the ruins of a 13th-century fortress, the Castle of Akrotiri.

Castle of Akrotiri
The Castle of Akrotiri, also known as Castle Akrotiri, Goulas or La Ponta, is a former Venetian castle on the Greek island of Santorini. The now-ruined castle lies at the center of the village of Akrotiri.
Kartuzy
Kartuzy (Polish: [karˈtuzɨ] ⓘ; Kashubian: Kartuzë, Kartëzë or Kartuzé; former German: Karthaus) is a town in northern Poland, located in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region. It is the capital of Kartuzy County in Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (Polish: powiat kartuski; Kashubian: kartësczi pòwiat) is a county in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with administrative seat and largest town being Kartuzy.

It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The only other town in the county is Żukowo. The county covers an area of 1,120.04 square kilometres (432.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 137,942, out of which the population of Kartuzy is 14,536, that of Żukowo is 6,691, and the rural population is 116,715.

Kartuzy County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kartuzy County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the north, the city of Gdynia to the north-east, the city of Gdańsk and Gdańsk County to the east, Kościerzyna County to the south, Bytów County to the west, and Lębork County to the north-west.