hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harpoot
Harpoot (Turkish: Harput) or Kharberd (Armenian: Խարբերդ, romanized: Kharberd) is an ancient town located in the Elazığ Province of Turkey. It now forms a small district of the city of Elazığ. In the late Ottoman period, it fell under the Mamuret-ul-Aziz Vilayet (also known as the Harput Vilayet). Artifacts from around 2000 BC have been found in the area. The town is famous for its Harput Castle, and incorporates a museum, old mosques, a church, and the Buzluk (Ice) Cave. Harput is about 1,100 kilometres (700 mi) from Istanbul.

Harput was a largely Armenian populated region in medieval times and had a significant Armenian population until the Armenian genocide. By the 20th century, Harput had been absorbed into Mezre (renamed Elazığ in 1937), a town on the plain below Harput that significantly grew in size in the 19th century.

Harput Castle
Harput Castle, also known as Milk Castle (Turkish: Harput Kalesi, Süt Kalesi), is a castle located in the historical Harput neighborhood within the borders of the current Elazığ Province, Turkey. It was built by the Urartians on a rectangular plan. The castle consists of two parts, internal and external. According to legend, a scarcity of water and abundance of milk during its construction meant that milk was added to the castle's mortar, leading to it being sometimes called "Milk Castle".
Dutch States Army
The Dutch States Army (Dutch: Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic. It was usually called this, because it was formally the army of the States-General of the Netherlands, the sovereign power of that federal republic. This army was brought to such a size and state of readiness that it was able to hold its own against the armies of the major European powers of the extended 17th century, Habsburg Spain and the France of Louis XIV, despite the fact that these powers possessed far larger military resources than the Republic. It played a major role in the Eighty Years' War (opposite the Spanish Army of Flanders) and in the wars of the Grand Alliance with France after 1672.

François de Bas
François de Bas (10 September 1840 –  22 February 1931) was a Dutch general and military historian. He almost single-handedly founded the military-history section of the Dutch General Staff. He co-authored major historical works on the Dutch States Army and the Campaign of 1815, which climaxed with the Battle of Waterloo. The latter work is still the authoritative source on the Dutch-Belgian role in that battle, because it contains copies of after-battle reports of Dutch officers who participated in the battle, the originals of which were lost in a Royal Air Force bombardment of the Dutch Army archives in 1945.: 376 fn. 19
Bodmin Guildhall
Bodmin Guildhall is a historic building in Fore Street in Bodmin, a town in Cornwall, in England. The structure, which was used for municipal purposes before being converted for use as a baker's shop and restaurant, is a Grade II listed building.

Bodmin
Bodmin (Cornish: Bosvena) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated south-west of Bodmin Moor.

The extent of the civil parish corresponds fairly closely to that of the town so is mostly urban in character. It is bordered to the east by Cardinham parish, to the southeast by Lanhydrock parish, to the southwest and west by Lanivet parish, and to the north by Helland parish. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 16,909.

Bodmin became the county town of Cornwall in 1838 when the main courts for the county moved there from Launceston. Bodmin gradually lost county town functions to Truro; in 1889 the new Cornwall County Council chose to base itself in Truro, and the county's main courthouse moved to Truro in 1988.
Diocese of Lake Malawi
The Diocese of Lake Malawi is a diocese of the Anglican Church of the Province of Central Africa. One of the church's four dioceses in Malawi, it was formed in 1971 when the Diocese of Malawi split into the Diocese of Southern Malawi and the Diocese of Lake Malawi. Today it covers the central part of the country, including the capital Lilongwe, and its see city is Nkhotakota.

Church of the Province of Central Africa
The Church of the Province of Central Africa is part of the Anglican Communion, and includes 15 dioceses in Botswana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The Primate of the Church is the Archbishop of Central Africa. Albert Chama is the current archbishop, being installed on 20 March 2011, succeeding Bernard Amos Malango who retired in 2007.  From 1980 to 2000, Walter Khotso Makhulu, an Anti-Apartheid activist, was Archbishop as well as Bishop of Botswana. Archbishop Chama continues to serve as Bishop of Northern Zambia, and is the second Zambian to be Archbishop of Central Africa. In 2020, the World Christian Database and the World Christian Encyclopedia, published by Edinburgh University Press, estimated the church had 1,788,000 baptised members.
Přemyslid dynasty
The Přemyslid dynasty or House of Přemysl (Czech: Přemyslovci, German: Przemysliden, Polish: Przemyślidzi) was a Bohemian royal dynasty that reigned in the Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia (9th century – 1306), as well as in parts of Poland (including Silesia), Hungary and Austria.

Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia
Conrad II Otto (Czech: Konrád II. Ota; c. 1136/1140 – 9 September 1191), a member of Přemyslid dynasty, was the first margrave of Moravia from 1182 to 1189 and duke of Bohemia from 1189 until his death.
Abbots Bromley School
Abbots Bromley School (previously the School of S. Mary and S. Anne, Abbots Bromley before becoming Abbots Bromley School for Girls) was an all girls boarding and day private school in the village of Abbots Bromley, Staffordshire, England. It was one of the original Woodard Schools — and the first such for girls — and so was an Anglican foundation that historically reflected the Anglo-Catholic ethos of the Woodard Foundation. It was affiliated to the Girls' Schools Association, but financial problems over many years closed it in the summer of 2019.

Woodard Schools
Woodard Schools is a group of Anglican schools (both primary and secondary) affiliated to the Woodard Corporation (formerly the Society of St Nicolas) which has its origin in the work of Nathaniel Woodard, a Church of England priest in the Anglo-Catholic tradition.

The Woodard Corporation has schools in both the independent (fee paying) and maintained sectors. It is the largest group of Church of England schools in England and Wales. The corporation owns 21 independent schools and is affiliated with 22 schools, both state, academy and independent. The flagship school of the Woodard Corporation is Lancing College, founded by Nathaniel Woodard in 1848, while the largest school is The Littlehampton Academy, with over 1,500 students. From 1 January 2014, Broadwater Manor School in Worthing was also owned by Lancing College and this group.
Maurizia Balmelli
Maurizia Balmelli (born 1970) is a Swiss-born literary translator, currently residing in Paris. She has translated a number of notable works from English and French into Italian, including works by Sally Rooney, Aleksandar Hemon, Martin Amis, Ian McEwan, Mary Gaitskill, J. M. G. Le Clézio, Emmanuel Carrère, and others. She has won several awards for her translations, including the Swiss Special Prize for Translation, the Gregor von Rezzori Prize and the Terra Nova Prize.

Noëlle Revaz
Noëlle Revaz (born 1968) is a Swiss author, who writes in French. She is best known for her first novel, Rapport aux bêtes (tr: With the Animals), which won several literary awards, including the Schiller Prize, the Prix Marguerite Audoux, the Prix Lettres Frontière, and the Henri Gaspoz Prize, and has been adapted for stage and film.
Disease Control Priorities Project
The Disease Control Priorities Project (DCPP) is an ongoing project that aims to determine priorities for disease control across the world, particularly in low-income countries. The project is most well known for the second edition of the report Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (published in 2006, often abbreviated as DCP2 and sometimes referred to as "the DCP2 Report").

The Disease Control Priorities Project is a joint enterprise of a number of groups, including the University of Washington Department of Global Health, the World Bank, the Fogarty International Center (National Institutes of Health), World Health Organization, Population Reference Bureau, Gates Foundation, the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, and the International Decision Support Initiative. Notable editors involved in the project include Dean Jamison, Alan Lopez, Colin Mathers, Christopher J.L. Murray, George Alleyne, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Prabhat Jha, and Anne Mills.

International Decision Support Initiative
The International Decision Support Initiative (iDSI) is a partnership between governments, universities, and thinktanks that helps health policy makers make better decisions. iDSI targets low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), helping them prioritize health interventions as a means toward universal health coverage. iDSI launched in November 2013 as the result of a 2012 Center for Global Development working group.
Mount Prospect Public Library
The Mount Prospect Public Library is a public library located in Mount Prospect, Illinois, United States, a suburb of Chicago.

A staff of 171 full and part-time employees work at the Library, in more than a dozen areas throughout the 101,000-square-foot facility. Currently more than 61,000 patrons are registered cardholders. The collection has over one million items on file, with an annual circulation figure of approximately 750,000.

The Library is governed by a Board of Library Trustees, consisting of seven members, who are elected by the voters of the Village. The Board elects every year from among its members appropriate officers. All members serve without remuneration. Regular meetings of the Board are held in the Library.

Mount Prospect, Illinois
Mount Prospect is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is part of Elk Grove and Wheeling townships, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of downtown Chicago and approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) north of O'Hare International Airport. As of the 2020 census, the village had a total population of 56,852.
Campagnola Cremasca
Campagnola Cremasca (Cremish: Campagnóla) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Milan and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Campagnola Cremasca borders the following municipalities: Capralba, Casaletto Vaprio, Crema, Cremosano, Pianengo, Sergnano.

Cremosano
Cremosano (Cremish: Cremusà) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Cremosano borders the following municipalities: Campagnola Cremasca, Casaletto Vaprio, Crema, Trescore Cremasco.
Four Corners Cup
The Four Corners Cup was a regional soccer competition among the USL Championship clubs located in states that intersect at the Four Corners: Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC, New Mexico United, Phoenix Rising FC and Real Monarchs SLC. The four clubs played each other home and away in a round robin format, with the champion determined by total points accumulated. The competition was canceled during the 2021 as Phoenix Rising were assigned to a separate division, preventing round-robin play. In 2022, the Real Monarchs moved the MLS Next Pro league, ending the competition.

Real Monarchs
The Real Monarchs is a professional soccer club playing in the MLS Next Pro, a third division league of American soccer. The team is an affiliate of the Major League Soccer (MLS) club Real Salt Lake. The Real Monarchs are based at the Real Salt Lake training facility in Herriman, Utah and play home games a Zions Bank Stadium. As with Real Salt Lake, the club is owned by Miller Sports + Entertainment.
Bricktown station
Bricktown station is a Detroit People Mover station in downtown Detroit, Michigan. It is located on Beaubien Street, just north of Congress Street, in the Bricktown Historic District, for which it is named.

Bricktown is the nearest People Mover station to the Wayne County Building, Saint Andrew's Hall, Cadillac Square, and the Water Board Building. The station is connected to the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Building, with an employee entrance at the station's rear.

The People Mover shut down temporarily on March 30, 2020, due to decreased ridership amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the system's May 2022 restart, the station reopened on November 21, 2022.

Detroit People Mover
The Detroit People Mover (DPM) is a 2.94-mile (4.73 km) elevated automated people mover system in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The system operates in a one-way loop on a single track encircling downtown Detroit, using Intermediate Capacity Transit System linear induction motor technology developed by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 1,075,200, or about 3,900 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

The People Mover is supplemented by the QLINE streetcar, which connects downtown with Midtown, New Center, and the Detroit Amtrak station. The system also connects to local buses operated by DDOT and SMART, and the D2A2 and DAX commuter buses, as part of a comprehensive network of transportation in metropolitan Detroit.
Chengzhong District, Liuzhou
Chengzhong District (simplified Chinese: 城中区; traditional Chinese: 城中區; pinyin: Chéngzhōng Qū; Standard Zhuang: Cwngzcungh Gih) is the seat of and one of four districts of Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Liuzhou
Liuzhou (/ljuːˈdʒoʊ/; Chinese: 柳州, Standard Mandarin: [ljòʊ.ʈʂóʊ], Liuzhou Yue dialect: [liəu53 ʦəu44]) is a prefecture-level city in north-central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The prefecture's population was 4,146,000 as of 2024 census, including 2,519,051 in the built-up area made of five urban districts. Its total area is 18,594 km2 (7,179 sq mi) and 3,559.4 km2 (1,374.3 sq mi) for the built-up area.
WAV
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE, or WAV due to its filename extension; pronounced /wæv/ or /weɪv/ ) is an audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on personal computers. The format was developed and published for the first time in 1991 by IBM and Microsoft. It is the main format used on Microsoft Windows systems for uncompressed audio. The usual bitstream encoding is the linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM) format.

WAV is an application of the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) bitstream format method for storing data in chunks, and thus is similar to the 8SVX and the Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) format used on Amiga and Macintosh computers, respectively.

Audio bit depth
In digital audio using pulse-code modulation (PCM), bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample, and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample. Examples of bit depth include Compact Disc Digital Audio, which uses 16 bits per sample, and DVD-Audio and Blu-ray Disc, which can support up to 24 bits per sample.

In basic implementations, variations in bit depth primarily affect the noise level from quantization error—thus the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range. However, techniques such as dithering, noise shaping, and oversampling can mitigate these effects without changing the bit depth. Bit depth also affects bit rate and file size.

Bit depth is useful for describing PCM digital signals. Non-PCM formats, such as those using lossy compression, do not have associated bit depths.
Mauriceville, Texas
Mauriceville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Orange County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,983 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Orange County, Texas
Orange County is a county located in the very southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Texas, sharing a boundary with Louisiana, within the Golden Triangle of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 84,808. The county seat is the city of Orange, and it falls within the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area.
HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.

2012 Kvalserien
The 2012 Kvalserien was the 38th Kvalserien, which was played between 15 March 2012 and 6 April 2012. It determined which two teams of the participating ones would play in the 2012–13 Elitserien season and which four teams would play in the 2012–13 HockeyAllsvenskan season.

The 12th-seeded Elitserien team Timrå IK defended its spot in the top division, and Rögle BK took over Djurgårdens IF's Elitserien spot. Rögle became the first HockeyAllsvenskan playoff team in history to make one of the two Kvalserien spots for Elitserien.
Milan–Chiasso railway
The Milano–Chiasso railway line is an Italian state-owned railway connecting Milan to Como and Chiasso, Switzerland.

It is electrified at 3000 volts DC. Between Milan and Monza it has four tracks and is used not only by trains operating to and from Como, but also by freight and passenger trains connecting Milan with Bergamo and Lecco, either directly or routed via Molteno. North of Monza, it has two tracks, but between the junction "Bivio Rosales" and Chiasso there is a parallel double track line (used mainly by freight trains to bypass the steep incline to Como) including Monte Olimpino 2 tunnel (7207 m).

Lecco–Milan railway
The Lecco–Milan railway is a railway line in Lombardy, Italy.

The railway line was opened on 27 December 1873 between Monza and Calolziocorte, using the existing branches from Lecco to Calolziocorte (opened in 1863) and from Monza to Milan (opened in 1840).

After the Monza-Calolziocorte, another railway connecting Monza and Lecco was built (1911, Monza-Molteno-Lecco railway), then today the first line is usually called "Milano-Lecco through Carnate", and the second "Milano-Lecco through Molteno".
Apistogramma barlowi
Apistogramma barlowi is a species of dwarf cichlid in the Geophagini tribe of the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. It is found in forest streams northwest of Pebas town in northern Peru. It was first discovered in Peru in 2000 and scientifically described in 2008.
Apistogramma barlowi is a freshwater fish that grows to a length of 6.5 cm (2.6 in). There are two forms which occur in separate parts of its range: a red form that is darker and has red marks on the head, and a white form that is paler. The specific name is in honor of the ichthyologist George W. Barlow.

The fish has previously been known under the trade name Apistogramma sp. "mouthbrooder", "Maulbrüter" or "Brustband".

Apistogramma
Apistogramma is a large genus of freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae native to South America, but also commonly kept in aquariums. They are dwarf cichlids that mostly feed on tiny animals and have breeding behaviors that vary depending on the exact species.
Attributed graph grammar
In computer science, an attributed graph grammar is a class of graph grammar that associates vertices with a set of attributes and rewrites with functions on attributes.  In the algebraic approach to graph grammars, they are usually formulated using the double-pushout approach or the single-pushout approach.

Double pushout graph rewriting
In computer science, double pushout graph rewriting (or DPO graph rewriting) refers to a mathematical framework for graph rewriting. It was introduced as one of the first algebraic approaches to graph rewriting in the article "Graph-grammars: An algebraic approach" (1973). It has since been generalized to allow rewriting structures which are not graphs, and to handle negative application conditions, among other extensions.
Helao Nafidi
Helao Nafidi is a town in Ohangwena Region in northern Namibia at the border to Angola. It had a population of 29,119 people in 2023.

Helao Nafidi has been established in 2004 as an amalgamation of several villages and settlements along the main road between Oshikango and Ohangwena which are both also part of the town. All the independently governed villages that have been combined to form the town (Onhuno, Ohangwena, Omafo, Engela and Oshikango) still maintained their own village councils until the 2015 local authority election.

The town is separated into three urban areas, Oshikango in the north, bisected by the Namibian–Angolan border, and Omafo and Ohangwena south of it, with settlements and villages in the agricultural area between them.

Engela
Engela is an Ovambo settlement in the Ohangwena Region in northern Namibia. Formerly situated in the Oukwanyama area it is since 2004 part of the town Helao Nafidi, although it still maintained its own village council until the 2015 local authority election. It is one of the more important establishments of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN) in the area. It started as a mission station of the Finnish Missionary Society. Today, it is the centre of the Engela Constituency.
Mononuclidic element
A mononuclidic element or monotopic element is one of the 21 chemical elements that is found naturally on Earth essentially as a single nuclide (which may, or may not, be a stable nuclide). This single nuclide will have a characteristic atomic mass. Thus, the element's natural isotopic abundance is dominated by one isotope that is either stable or very long-lived. There are 19 elements in the first category (which are both monoisotopic and mononuclidic), and 2 (bismuth and protactinium) in the second category (mononuclidic but not monoisotopic, since they have zero, not one, stable nuclides). A list of the 21 mononuclidic elements is given at the end of this article.

Of the 26 monoisotopic elements that, by definition, have only one stable isotope, seven are not considered mononuclidic, due to the presence of a significant fraction of a very long-lived (primordial) radioisotope. These elements are vanadium, rubidium, indium, lanthanum, europium, lutetium, and rhenium.

Stable nuclide
Stable nuclides are isotopes of a chemical element whose nucleons are in a configuration that does not permit them the surplus energy required to produce a radioactive emission. The nuclei of such isotopes are not radioactive and unlike radionuclides do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay. When these nuclides are referred to in relation to specific elements they are usually called that element's stable isotopes.

The 80 elements with one or more stable isotopes comprise a total of 251 nuclides that have not been shown to decay using current equipment. Of these 80 elements, 26 have only one stable isotope and are called monoisotopic. The other 56 have more than one stable isotope. Tin has ten stable isotopes, the largest number of any element.
William I, Count of Cerdanya
William I Raymond (Catalan: Guillem Ramon; Occitan: Guilhem Ramon) (1068–1095) was the count of Cerdanya and Berga from the year of his birth till that of his death, giving up Berga a year earlier to his son William-Jordan.

He was the son of Raymond I of Cerdanya, who died a short while after his birth. He married Sancha, daughter of Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, while they were both very young. William became the tutor of his nephew, the future Ramon Berenguer III. He took an interest in repopulating parts of his domain and promulgated the charter to the people of Villafranca.

In 1082, he fought on the losing side in the Battle of Almenar. In 1094, he granted Berga to his sons and the elder, William, inherited Cerdanya when he died the next year.

Counts of Berga
The counts of Berga were the feudal lords of Berga, one of the Catalan counties created out of Besalú in 988 for a younger son of Oliba Cabreta. The viscounts of Berga ruled the city in name during the rule of the counts of Besalú from the early tenth century.