hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Freyd cover
In the mathematical discipline of category theory, the Freyd cover or scone category is a construction that yields a set-like construction out of a given category.  The only requirement is that the original category has a terminal object.  The scone category inherits almost any categorical construct the original category has.  Scones can be used to generally describe proofs that use logical relations.

The Freyd cover is named after Peter Freyd. The other name, "scone", is intended to suggest that it is like a cone, but with the Sierpiński space in place of the unit interval.

Sierpiński space
In mathematics, the Sierpiński space is a finite topological space with two points, only one of which is closed.
It is the smallest example of a topological space which is neither trivial nor discrete. It is named after Wacław Sierpiński.

The Sierpiński space has important relations to the theory of computation and semantics, because it is the classifying space for open sets in the Scott topology.
Merlene Frazer
Merlene Frazer (born 27 December 1973) is a retired female track and field sprinter from Jamaica who specialized in the 200 metres. In the 4 × 100 metres relay, she won a World Championship gold medal in 1991 and an Olympic silver medal in 2000. On both occasions, she ran in the preliminary rounds but not the final. Her biggest individual success was winning a World Championship bronze medal at 200 metres in 1997.

As part of the Jamaican 4 × 100 relay squad in 1991, she is the youngest World Champion ever.

Running for the Texas Longhorns track and field team, Frazer won the 1994 200 meters at the NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and won two indoor titles as well. She was inducted into the Texas sports hall of fame in 2017.

1991 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay
These are the official results of the Women's 4 × 100 metres event at the 1991 IAAF World Championships in Tokyo, Japan. Their final was held on Sunday September 1, 1991.

Merlene Frazer, at 17 years 248 days, is, as 2017, the youngest World Champion ever.
St. Lucie West K-8
St. Lucie West K-8 is a K-8 school located in Port St. Lucie, Florida. The school mascot is a shark. The district is the St. Lucie County Public Schools. The school was built and founded in 1998. It offers grades Kindergarten to 8th Grade.

St. Lucie Public Schools
St. Lucie Public Schools, previously known as St. Lucie County Public Schools, is the branding for St. Lucie County School District, which is the school district that manages schools in St. Lucie County, Florida, United States. As of 2023 the district employed (on an FTE basis) a total of approximately 5,400 staff, 2,400  of them teachers.
Selvaa
Selvaa is a 1996 Indian Tamil-language romantic action film directed by A. Venkatesh. The film was produced by director Pavithran. The film stars Vijay, Swathi, Riva and Raghuvaran. The music is composed by Sirpy. The film was a successful venture.

Pavithran (Tamil film director)
Pavithran is an Indian film director, who has made many hit Tamil films. He was active primarily in the 1990s collaborating in ventures which often included Sarathkumar in pivotal roles. He was awarded the Tamil Nadu state Kalaimamani award for his works in the film industry. He is known to have made his assistants huge stars in the film Industry. His assistant film directors include S. Shankar, A. Venkatesh, Balaji Sakthivel, Vincent Selva, Saravana Subbiah and many more. He has also introduced stars like Prabhu Deva, Devayani. During the 1990s his movies with newcomers like Sarathkumar, Ajith Kumar, and Vijay, who later became established actors in the industry.
Mount Curwood
Mount Curwood, elevation 1,978 feet (603 m), in L'Anse Township, Baraga County, is either the highest or second-highest natural point in the U.S. state of Michigan. Mount Curwood is a part of the Huron Mountains range.

Named in honor of Michigan author James Oliver Curwood, Mount Curwood was long designated as Michigan's highest point until a survey in 1982 with modern technology determined that nearby Mount Arvon was the highest point in Michigan at 1,979 feet (603 m)—one foot taller than Mount Curwood.

More recent surveys of both peaks, taken in 2025, determined that Mount Curwood is instead 0.4 feet (12 cm) higher than Mount Arvon.

James Oliver Curwood
James Oliver Curwood (June 12, 1878 – August 13, 1927) was an American action-adventure writer and conservationist. His books were often based on adventures set in the Hudson Bay area, the Yukon or Alaska and ranked among the top-ten best sellers in the United States in the early and mid 1920s, according to Publishers Weekly. At least one hundred and eighty motion pictures have been based on or directly inspired by his novels and short stories; one was produced in three versions from 1919 to 1953. At the time of his death, Curwood was the highest paid (per word) author in the world.

He built Curwood Castle as a place to greet guests and as a writing studio in his hometown of Owosso, Michigan. The castle was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is now operated by the city as a museum. The city commemorates him with an annual Curwood Festival.
Voice for the Voiceless
Voice for the Voiceless (Russian: Голос за безгласных) is a 2019 documentary film directed by Anna Barsukova. The film follows a young girl named Marina, a native of Ekaterinburg. She's an insightful, intelligent and beautiful person, a creative thinker and spiritual type with her own perception of things. Marina works a permanent job and has a 5-year-old daughter. Living with HIV does not prevent Marina from achieving success in life. She is a real-life example of building belief in yourself. By showing her emotional state, the film wants to break the stigma and change the public perception of HIV patients.

The film premiered on March 30, 2019 in Yekaterinburg, and later showed at the 2019 Whistleblower Summit Film Festival in Washington, D.C. and aired on Australian television. Widely covered in Russian and foreign media, received many awards at international film festivals.

Anna Barsukova (filmmaker)
Anna Vitalyevna Barsukova  (Russian: Анна Витальевна Барсуко́ва; born 7 October 1981) "(maiden name — Sidorenko)" is a Russian film director, screenwriter, camerawoman and musician. She is a member of the Russian Union of Cinematographers (since 2019), the International Society for Women in Film & Television in Vancouver (WIFTV), and the Guild of Documentary Films and Television.
She authored and directed documentaries You Are Not Alone! (Russian: "Ты не один!"), and Voice for the Voiceless (Russian: "Голос за безгласных") about the social stereotypes and discrimination against PLHIV(music composer: Guli Kambarova)
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the second derivative
Explicit formulas for eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the second derivative with different boundary conditions are provided both for the continuous and discrete cases. In the discrete case, the standard central difference approximation of the second derivative is used on a uniform grid.

These formulas are used to derive the expressions for eigenfunctions of Laplacian in case of separation of variables, as well as to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of multidimensional discrete Laplacian on a regular grid, which is presented as a Kronecker sum of discrete Laplacians in one-dimension.

Second derivative
In calculus, the second derivative, or the second-order derivative, of a function f is the derivative of the derivative of f. Informally, the second derivative can be phrased as "the rate of change of the rate of change"; for example, the second derivative of the position of an object with respect to time is the instantaneous acceleration of the object, or the rate at which the velocity of the object is changing with respect to time. In Leibniz notation:

where a is acceleration, v is velocity, t is time, x is position, and d is the instantaneous "delta" or change. The last expression  is the second derivative of position (x) with respect to time.

On the graph of a function, the second derivative corresponds to the curvature or concavity of the graph. The graph of a function with a positive second derivative is upwardly concave, while the graph of a function with a negative second derivative curves in the opposite way.
Karantaba Tenda
Karantaba Tenda  is a small town in north-eastern Gambia. It is located in Sami District in the Central River Division.  As of 2009, it has an estimated population of 1922.

The village is near to the site of the historic British trading post Pisania.

Pisania (trading post)
Pisania was a settlement in The Gambia. It was visited by the British explorers Mungo Park and Daniel Houghton on their expeditions into the interior of Africa. It has since become the town of Karantaba Tenda.
W. Wesley Peterson
William Wesley Peterson (April 22, 1924 – May 6, 2009) was an American mathematician and computer scientist.  He was best known for designing the cyclic redundancy check (CRC), for which research he was awarded the Japan Prize in 1999.

Cyclic redundancy check
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents. On retrieval, the calculation is repeated and, in the event the check values do not match, corrective action can be taken against data corruption. CRCs can be used for error correction (see bitfilters).

CRCs are so called because the check (data verification) value is a redundancy (it expands the message without adding information) and the algorithm is based on cyclic codes. CRCs are popular because they are simple to implement in binary hardware, easy to analyze mathematically, and particularly good at detecting common errors caused by noise in transmission channels.  Because the check value has a fixed length, the function that generates it is occasionally used as a hash function.
Doug Smith (offensive lineman)
Carl Douglas Smith (born November 25, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a center and offensive guard for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL) from the 1978 through 1991. Smith played college football for the  Bowling Green Falcons in Bowling Green, Ohio. He graduated from Northland High School in Columbus on June 9, 1974.

Bowling Green Falcons football
The Bowling Green Falcons football program is the intercollegiate football team of Bowling Green State University. The team is a member of the NCAA, playing at the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, formerly Division I-A, level; BGSU football competes within the Mid-American Conference. The Falcons have played their home games in Doyt Perry Stadium since 1966. The stadium holds 24,000 spectators. In their 93-year history, the Falcons have won 12 MAC championships and a UPI national championship in 1959. The head coach is currently Eddie George.
Stefania, Łódź Voivodeship
Stefania [stɛˈfaɲa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kodrąb, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Kodrąb, 12 km (7 mi) east of Radomsko, and 81 km (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Kodrąb
Gmina Kodrąb is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Kodrąb, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Radomsko and 77 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 105.79 square kilometres (40.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,732.
Potomac High School (Maryland)
Potomac High School is a public high school located in the Glassmanor census-designated place in unincorporated Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, with an Oxon Hill postal address. It is a part of Prince George's County Public Schools.

The principal is Nathaniel R. Laney. The approximate enrollment as of August 2010 stands at 1,216 students in grades nine through twelve. The school hours are from 7:45am to 2:25pm. Potomac operates on an alternating A/B-Day block schedule. There is a mandatory uniform policy at this school. Potomac features a school-wide America's Choice School Design signature program as well as an expansive "smaller learning communities" program, that essentially breaks the school down into smaller schools or "career academies".

The school serves: all of Glassmanor CDP, the Town of Forest Heights, most of Hillcrest Heights CDP, a portion of Marlow Heights CDP, and a portion of Silver Hill CDP.

Glassmanor, Maryland
Glassmanor is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 18,430. In the 1990 and 2000 censuses, the United States Census Bureau had placed Glassmanor and the adjacent community of Oxon Hill in the "Oxon Hill-Glassmanor" census-designated place for statistical purposes. Glassmanor was last delineated separately in 1980, when the CDP recorded a population of 7,751.

The original Glassmanor apartments were built circa 1950 by the Glassman company, just outside the border of southeast Washington. In the mid-1950s, the Eastover shopping center was built across the highway, followed by other adjoining apartment projects in the 1960s. U.S. Senator George McGovern, who was the Democratic Party's presidential candidate in 1972, lived briefly in Glassmanor while a freshman congressman. The area has undergone tremendous demographic and social changes since that time.
Ellwood City Area School District
The Ellwood City Area School District (ECASD) is a diminutive, suburban, public school district located in Beaver County, Pennsylvania and Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. It serves the boroughs of Ellwood City, Ellport, and New Beaver, Wampum, and the townships of Wayne, and Perry Townships. Ellwood City Area School District encompasses approximately 49 square miles (130 km2). According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 14,040. In 2010 the district's population risen to 14,341 people. In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $16,554, while the median family income was $42,326. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501  and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.

Ellwood City Area School District operates Lincoln Junior-Senior High School (7th-12th), North Side Primary (K-2nd), Perry Lower Intermediate (3rd-4th), Hartman Intermediate (5th-6th).

Perry Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
Perry Township is a township in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,854 at the time of the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 1,938 tabulated in 2010. It was originally incorporated in 1845 as part of Beaver County, and in 1849, joined the newly created Lawrence County.
Treaty of Madrid (1880)
The Treaty of Madrid (1880) was the result of the Conference of Madrid held during 1880 in that city by request of Hassan I, Sultan of Morocco, due to alleged abuses of the protégé system (privileges for Moroccans employed by foreign governments) by the French and Spanish. The treaty resulting was a collection of agreements between the Sultan and several European governments, to give the powers the ownership of Moroccan lands they had seized, the resources present on these lands, settlement rights and to employ locals on these lands. This treaty served to regulate and make these conquests official with respect to the international community.

Protégé system
The protégé system (Arabic: نظام المحميين) in Morocco in the late 19th century allowed people working for foreign consuls and vice-consuls certain privileges and legal protections not available to the rest of the population, such as exemption from taxes imposed by the Makhzen and protections from a sometimes arbitrary judicial system.: 94–95  At first the status of protégé was available only to Moroccans—Muslims and Jews—but it was extended to Europeans by the 1860s. The protégé system was a parallel to the capitulatory system in the Ottoman Empire.

The Madrid Conference of 1880 was held at the behest of Sultan Hassan I in response to France and Spain's abuse of the protégé system.
Crazy People Rock
"Crazy People Rock" is a song by Australian singer Scott Cain. It was released as the follow-up to his #1 hit "I'm Moving On" in August 2002 as the second single from this debut studio album, Controlled Folly. "Crazy People Rock" peaked at number 39. The song was written by Gregg Alexander of the New Radicals and frequent collaborator Rick Nowels. The B-sides were the new track "On the Dance Floor" and remixes of the lead song.

Controlled Folly
Controlled Folly is the debut studio album by Scott Cain, winner of the third and final series of Popstars Australia in 2002. The album was released in September 2002 and debuted and peaked at number 49 on the ARIA Charts.
Almenno San Salvatore
Almenno San Salvatore (Bergamasque: Almèn San Salvadùr or simply Almèn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Milan and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Bergamo.

Almenno San Salvatore borders the following municipalities: Almè, Almenno San Bartolomeo, Paladina, Strozza, Ubiale Clanezzo, Villa d'Almè.

Sights include the Santuario della Madonna del Castello, with paintings by Andrea Previtali and Gian Paolo Cavagna, the annexed the  Pieve di Lemine, with 10th-century frescoes, and the Romanesque church of San Giorgio. The  Rotonda di San Tomè is also located nearby.

Paladina
Paladina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Milan and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) northwest of Bergamo.

Paladina borders the following municipalities: Almè, Almenno San Bartolomeo, Almenno San Salvatore, Bergamo, Sorisole, Valbrembo. Part of Paladina's territory is included in Parco dei Colli di Bergamo and is crossed by river Quisa.
NHK Symphony Orchestra
The NHK Symphony Orchestra (NHK交響楽団, NHK Kōkyō Gakudan) is a Japanese broadcast orchestra based in Tokyo. The orchestra gives concerts in several venues, including the NHK Hall, Suntory Hall, and the Tokyo Opera City Concert Hall.

Vladimir Ashkenazy
Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazy (Russian: Влади́мир Дави́дович Ашкена́зи, tr. Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazi; born 6 July 1937) is a Soviet-born Icelandic pianist, chamber music performer, and conductor. Ashkenazy has collaborated with well-known orchestras and soloists. In addition, he has recorded a large repertoire of classical and romantic works. His recordings have earned him seven Grammy Awards and he has been awarded three stages of Iceland's Order of the Falcon for his overall contribution to music.
Jigsaw (Marvel Comics)
Jigsaw (William "Billy" Russo, also known as "The Beaut" before his disfigurement) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru, the character made his first full appearance in The Amazing Spider-Man #162 (November 1976). He is depicted as an enemy of the Punisher and Spider-Man as well as a recurring foe of Daredevil.

The character was portrayed by Dominic West in the film Punisher: War Zone and Ben Barnes in the Marvel Cinematic Universe / Netflix series The Punisher.

Thunderbolts (comics)
The Thunderbolts are an antihero/supervillain/superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team consists mostly of reformed supervillains. Created by Kurt Busiek and Mark Bagley, the team first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #449 (January 1997).
Back in the Day (Ahmad song)
"Back in the Day" is a 1994 single by Ahmad. Released when Ahmad was only 18, the song is a nostalgic remembrance of childhood and young teenage years, from a somewhat jaded adult perspective. "Back in the Day" was Ahmad's only major hit single, making it to number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 19 on the US R&B chart. The song contains a sample of the Teddy Pendergrass song "Love T.K.O."; and it was the first single of his 1994 self-titled album and was RIAA-certified gold.

The TKO Remix of "Back in the Day" (produced By Maurice Thompson of Barr 9 Productions) is featured as the single and on the soundtrack of The Wood, a 1999 motion picture. The song also appears in the 2018 film Tag.

Love T.K.O.
"Love T.K.O." is a song written by Cecil Womack and Gip Noble, Jr. Standing for technical knockout, it was written for soul singer David Oliver, and appeared first on his album Here's to You in 1980. Cecil and Linda Womack recorded the song themselves as Womack & Womack and it appeared simply as "T.K.O." on their debut album Love Wars in 1983.
Tseng Chun-hsin
Tseng Chun-hsin (Chinese: 曾俊欣; pinyin: Zēng Jùnxīn; born 8 August 2001), also known as Jason Tseng, is a Taiwanese professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 83 by the ATP, achieved on 8 August 2022. Tseng is currently the No. 1 Taiwanese player. He was also the ITF junior No. 1, reaching the ranking after winning the 2018 French Open boys' singles. He is also part of the Chinese Taipei Davis Cup team since 2018, with a win-loss record of 1–0.

2018 French Open – Boys' singles
Tseng Chun-hsin won the boys' singles tennis title at the 2018 French Open, defeating Sebastián Báez in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–2.

Alexei Popyrin was the defending champion, but was no longer eligible to participate in junior tournaments.
Rags to Riches (TV series)
Rags to Riches is an American musical comedy drama that was broadcast on NBC for two seasons from March 9, 1987, to January 15, 1988. Set in the pre-British Invasion 1960s, the series tells the story of Nick Foley, a self-made millionaire who adopts six orphan girls. Each episode included musical scenes of hit songs from the era performed by the girls integrated into the plot (with the lyrics modified to provide commentary on the storyline).

Joseph Bologna
Joseph Bologna (December 30, 1934 – August 13, 2017) was an American actor, playwright and screenwriter notable for his roles in the comedy films My Favorite Year, Blame It on Rio, and Transylvania 6-5000.
Bundaran HI Bank Jakarta MRT station
Bundaran HI Station (or Bundaran HI Bank Jakarta Station, with Bank Jakarta granted for naming rights) is a rapid transit station on the North-South Line of the Jakarta MRT in Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. Located nearby the Hotel Indonesia (HI) Roundabout (Indonesian: Bundaran Hotel Indonesia (HI)), it is currently the terminus of the North-South Line, as the phase 2 construction of the line is underway.

The station is located in the Gondangdia area of Menteng, Central Jakarta and is built underneath Jalan M.H. Thamrin. Jakarta MRT users can continue their journey with Transjakarta's Corridor 1 service from this station via the Bundaran HI bus stop located above. This connection with Transjakarta is in the form of stairs so it is not disabled friendly.

Transjakarta Corridor 1
The Transjakarta Corridor 1 is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit route in Jakarta, Indonesia. The route operates between Blok M Terminal and Kali Besar BRT station in Kota Tua Jakarta. It is the first route of the Transjakarta BRT system. The roads that are traversed by Corridor 1 are along Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin, Trunojoyo, Sisingamangaraja, Sudirman, MH Thamrin, Medan Merdeka Barat, Gajah Mada / Hayam Wuruk, Pintu Besar Utara, Kali Besar Barat, Kunir, and Lada Dalam. Key integration points include Dukuh Atas TOD that is currently an integration point for four transport modes, Jakarta Kota station which serves KRL Commuterline, and Harmoni station that is one of the main hubs in the BRT system. From Blok M to Bundaran HI ASTRA stations, this corridor is in parallel with North–South Line of the Jakarta MRT, thus many of the BRT stations are integrated directly with the MRT stations. Currently, all bus stations are served by buses 24 hours a day.