hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gesso
Gesso (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒɛsso]; 'chalk', from the Latin: gypsum, from Greek: γύψος), also known as "glue gesso" or "Italian gesso", is a white paint mixture used to coat rigid surfaces such as wooden painting panels or masonite as a permanent absorbent primer substrate for painting. It consists of a binder mixed with chalk, gypsum, pigment, or any combination of these.

Gesso is used in painting as a preparation for any number of substrates such as wood panels, canvas and sculpture as a base for paint and other materials that are applied over it.

Tempera
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]) is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the one containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from the milk protein is Casein paint. If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera. A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

The term Tempera also refers to the paintings done in any kind of these tempera mediums.
Independence Producers
The Independence Producers were a minor league baseball team based in Independence, Kansas, United States, that played from 1921 to 1925 and from 1928 to 1932. From 1921 to 1924, they played in the Southwestern League, and in 1925 they played in the Western Association. They played in the Western Association from 1928 to 1932 as well. The 1921 Producers were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time. Perhaps their most notable alumnus was Cy Blanton. Glenn Wright, another notable Producer, made an unassisted triple play when playing Major League Baseball in 1925.

Independence, Kansas
Independence is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,548.  It was named in commemoration of the Declaration of Independence. Independence Community College is located here.
Letterer
A letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators responsible for drawing the comic book's text. The letterer's use of typefaces, calligraphy, letter size, and layout all contribute to the impact of the comic-book-reading experience. The letterer crafts the comic's "display lettering": the story's title lettering, creator credits, and any specialized captions that appear on the story's first page. They also craft the lettering that appears in the word balloons, also designing the various sound effects that appear within the comic book story. Many letterers also design logos for the comic book company's various titles.

Glossary of comics terminology
Comics has developed specialized terminology. Several attempts have been made to formalize and define the terminology of comics by authors such as Will Eisner, Scott McCloud, R. C. Harvey and Dylan Horrocks. Much of the terminology in English is under dispute, so this page will list and describe the most common terms used in comics.
Charklik (ancient settlement)
Charklik or Charkhlik (Chinese: 卡克里克) is an archaeological site named after the town of  Charkhlik (Qakilik), in Ruoqiang (Qakilik) County, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Together with the nearby Miran site, they correspond to two ancient capitals of Shanshan, Wuni (扜泥, OC:*‍*__ C.nˤ[əj]/qʰʷa niːl) and Yixun (伊循, OC:*‍*ʔij sə.lu[n]/*qlil ljun). However, it is as yet unclear which site correspond to which capital.

Ruoqiang County
Ruoqiang County (Chinese: 若羌县) as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Uyghur as Qakilik County (Uyghur: چاقىلىق ناھىيىسى; Chinese: 卡克里克县), is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China under the administration of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It covers an area of 198,318 square kilometres (76,571 sq mi) (about twice the size of Zhejiang province and similar to Kyrgyzstan or Senegal), making it the largest county-level division in the country.

The county seat is in Ruoqiang Town. This is the location which less-detailed maps will label as "Ruoqiang". It lies at an altitude of 848 metres (2,782 ft).
Citadel of Dinant
The Citadel of Dinant (French: Citadelle de Dinant) is a fortress located in the Walloon city of Dinant in the province of Namur, Belgium. The current fort was built in 1815 on a site which was originally fortified in 1051 when the region was ruled by the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. The citadel overlooks the city of Dinant and the strategic Meuse river which runs through the town. It is open to the public. Together with those at Huy, Liège and Namur, the Citadel of Dinant forms part of the so-called Meuse Citadels.

Dinant
Dinant (French pronunciation: [dinɑ̃] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Namur, Belgium. On the shores of river Meuse, in the Ardennes, it lies 90 kilometres (56 mi) south-east of Brussels, 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-east of Charleroi and 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the city of Namur. Dinant is situated 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the border with France.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Anseremme, Bouvignes-sur-Meuse, Dinant, Dréhance, Falmagne, Falmignoul, Foy-Notre-Dame, Furfooz, Lisogne, Sorinnes and Thynes.
Name change
Name change is the legal act by a person of adopting a new name.

The procedures and ease of a name change vary between jurisdictions. In general, common law jurisdictions have looser procedures while civil law jurisdictions are more restrictive. While some civil law jurisdictions have loosened procedures, a few remain complicated.

A pseudonym is a name used in addition to the original or true name. This does not require legal sanction. Pseudonyms may be adopted to conceal a person's identity, but may also be used for personal, social or ideological reasons.

Deed of change of name
A deed of change of name is a legal document used in the United Kingdom, Ireland and some other countries with legal systems based on English common law, to record an intended change of name by a person or family. It is one use of a deed poll.

Some organisations, such as government departments issuing passports and driving licences, may not recognise a name change without a deed poll. However, an official document is not a legal requirement for a valid name change in common law.
Casteltermini
Casteltermini is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Agrigento.

Casteltermini borders the following municipalities: Acquaviva Platani, Aragona, Cammarata, Campofranco, San Biagio Platani, Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Santo Stefano Quisquina, Sutera.

Campofranco
Campofranco (Campufrancu in Sicilian) is a municipality (Italian: comune) in the Province of Caltanissetta in the Italian region of Sicily, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 35 km (22 mi) west of Caltanissetta.

Campofranco borders the following municipalities: Aragona, Casteltermini, Grotte, Milena, Sutera.
Quillen–Suslin theorem
The Quillen–Suslin theorem, also known as Serre's problem or Serre's conjecture, is a theorem in commutative algebra concerning the relationship between free modules and projective modules over polynomial rings. In the geometric setting it is a statement about the triviality of vector bundles on affine space.

The theorem states that every finitely generated projective module over a polynomial ring is free.

Daniel Quillen
Daniel Gray Quillen (June 22, 1940 – April 30, 2011) was an American mathematician. He is known for being the "prime architect" of higher algebraic K-theory, for which he was awarded the Cole Prize in 1975 and the Fields Medal in 1978.

From 1984 to 2006, he was the Waynflete Professor of Pure Mathematics at Magdalen College, Oxford.
Chrysoteuchia culmella
Chrysoteuchia culmella, the garden grass-veneer, is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in Europe.

The wingspan is 18–24 mm.
The forewings are brown; a whitish median streak, ending in branches along veins 2-5, often separated by dark fuscous scales; dorsal 2/3 often wholly suffused with whitish-ochreous; a terminal series of black dots; cilia metallic. Hindwings are rather dark grey. The larva is pale pinkish-ochreous; spots brown; head and plate of 2 brown, darker- marked. See also Parsons et al.

The moth flies from June to July depending on the location.

The larvae feed on various grasses.

Lepidoptera in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta". Butterflies and moths were brought together under the name Lepidoptera. Linnaeus divided the group into three genera – Papilio, Sphinx and Phalaena. The first two, together with the seven subdivisions of the third, are now used as the basis for nine superfamily names: Papilionoidea, Sphingoidea, Bombycoidea, Noctuoidea, Geometroidea, Tortricoidea, Pyraloidea, Tineoidea and Alucitoidea.
Broxa-cum-Troutsdale
Broxa-cum-Troutsdale is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. The population as of the 2011 census remained less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Hackness. The parish includes the village of Broxa, and covers part of Troutsdale.

According to the 2001 UK census, Broxa-cum-Troutsdale parish had a population of 44.

The parish council is Hackness & Harwood Dale Group Parish Council which covers the six parishes of Broxa-cum-Troutsdale, Darncombe-cum-Langdale End, Hackness, Harwood Dale, Silpho and Suffield-cum-Everley.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Darncombe-cum-Langdale End
Darncombe-cum-Langdale End is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.

According to the 2001 UK census, Darncombe-cum-Langdale End parish had a population of 42. The population remained at less than 100 according to the 2011 census. Details are included in the civil parish of Hackness.

In June 2004, the village became the first location in Britain, to become home to a Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria monastery (St Athanasius) at the manor house.

The parish council is Hackness & Harwood Dale Group Parish Council which covers the six parishes of Broxa-cum-Troutsdale, Darncombe-cum-Langdale End, Hackness, Harwood Dale, Silpho and Suffield-cum-Everley.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The Moorcock Inn lies in Langdale End.  Also in the village is St Peter's Church, Langdale End.
Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast (Russian: Костромска́я о́бласть, romanized: Kostromskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma and its population as of the 2021 Census is 580,976. It was formed on August 13, 1944 on the territory detached from neighboring Yaroslavl Oblast.

Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century. Its major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev.

Ivanovo Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast (Russian: Ива́новская о́бласть, romanized: Ivanovskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It had a population of 927,828 as of the 2021 Russian Census.

Its three largest cities are Ivanovo (the administrative center), Kineshma, and Shuya. The principal center of tourism is Plyos. The Volga River flows through the northern part of the oblast.
Wardang Island
Wardang Island, also known as Waralti (also spelled Waraldi or Wauraltee) is a low-lying 20 km2 island in the Spencer Gulf close to the western coast of the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. It acts as a natural breakwater, protecting the former grain port of Port Victoria and providing a sheltered anchorage. After European colonisation it was used for the grazing of sheep, for rabbit disease research, was quarried for lime to supply the lead smelter at Port Pirie and is currently leased to the island's traditional owners: the Narungga. The much smaller Goose Island and the other rocks and islets in the Goose Island Conservation Park lie off the northern end. Anyone seeking to visit the island must obtain prior permission from the Point Pearce Community Council.

Spencer Gulf
The Spencer Gulf is the westernmost and larger of two large inlets (the other being Gulf St Vincent) on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, facing the Great Australian Bight. It spans from the Cape Catastrophe and Eyre Peninsula in the west to Cape Spencer and Yorke Peninsula in the east.

The largest towns on the gulf are Port Lincoln, Whyalla, Port Pirie, and Port Augusta. Smaller towns on the gulf include Tumby Bay, Port Neill, Arno Bay, Cowell, Port Germein, Port Broughton, Wallaroo, Port Hughes, Port Victoria, Port Rickaby, Point Turton, and Corny Point.
Daloa Department
Daloa Department is a department of Haut-Sassandra Region in Sassandra-Marahoué District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 705,378 and its seat is the settlement of Daloa. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bédiala, Daloa, Gadouan, Gboguhé, Gonaté, and Zaïbo.

Daloa
Daloa is a city in western Ivory Coast. It is the seat of both the Sassandra-Marahoué District and the Haut-Sassandra Region. It is also the seat of and a sub-prefecture of Daloa Department. Daloa is also a commune. In the 2014 census, the city had a population of 245,360, making it the third-largest city in the country. It lies to the west of Yamoussoukro, the capital of Ivory Coast. Daloa is an important trading centre, particularly for cocoa. The city is served by Daloa Airport and is home to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Daloa, with its cathedral at Cathédrale du Christ-Roi.
Toyonobori
Michiharu Sadano (定野 道春, Sadano Michiharu; March 21, 1931 – July 1, 1998), known in sumo and professional wrestling as Michiharu Toyonobori (豊登道春, Toyonobori Michiharu) or simply by his shikona Toyonobori (豊登, Toyonobori; "Riser from Toyo"), was a Japanese professional wrestler and sumo wrestler.

IWA World Tag Team Championship (International Wrestling Enterprise)
The International Wrestling Alliance (IWA) World Tag Team Championship was a professional wrestling tag team championship contested in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Enterprise (国際プロレス興行, Kokusai Puroresu Kogyō). The IWA World Tag Team Championship was created in 1969 (replacing the TWWA World Tag Team Championship) and abandoned in 1981 upon the closure of the promotion.
King and Queen County, Virginia
King and Queen County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia, located in the state's Middle Peninsula on the eastern edge of the Richmond, VA, metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,608. Its county seat is King and Queen Court House.

New Kent County, Virginia
New Kent County is a county in the southeastern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 22,945. Its county seat is New Kent.

New Kent County is located east of the Greater Richmond Region and is part of the Richmond and the Hampton Roads Metropolitan Statistical Area.
House of Socialist Agriculture
The House of Socialist Agriculture (Russian: Дом Соцземледелия) is a building in Tsentralny City District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It is located between Gorky Street, Oktyabrskaya Magistral and Krasny Avenue. The building was designed by architect Nikolay Kuzmin.

Gorky Street, Novosibirsk
Maxim Gorky Street (Russian: Улица Максима Горького) is an east-west street in Zheleznodorozhny and Tsentralny districts of Novosibirsk, Russia. The street starts from nameless passage connecting Gorky Street with Dimitrov Avenue, crosses Street of Revolution, Uritsky and Sovetskaya streets, Krasny Avenue, Serebrennikovskaya, Kamenskaya and Shamshin Family streets. The street ends in city block opposite the Aura Mall.
Brigitte Scheijbal
Brigitte Scheijbal is an Austrian former ice dancer. Competing with Walter Leschetizky, she became a three-time Austrian national champion. They competed at two European and two World Championships in the 1970s. The duo belonged to Wiener Eislauf-Verein.

Earlier in her career, Scheijbal had a partnership with Kurt Jaschek. They skated together at two World Championships.

Walter Leschetizky
Walter Leschetizky is an Austrian former ice dancer. During his partnership with Elfriede Rupp, he won two national titles and placed 16th at the 1969 European Championships. Competing with Brigitte Scheijbal, he became a three-time national champion. They competed at two European and two World Championships in the 1970s. The duo belonged to Wiener Eislauf-Verein in Vienna.

Leschetizky has worked as an International Skating Union judge and international referee. As of 2017, he is the president of Wiener Eislauf-Verein.
Taormina Film Fest
Taormina Film Fest (TFF) is an annual film festival that takes place at Taormina, Sicily, Italy, in July. It was established in 1955 in Messina, and in 1957 became Rassegna Cinematografica Internazionale di Messina e Taormina, until it moved permanently to Taormina in 1971. It had a succession of names before adopting its current name.

The festival stages the annual Nastro d'Argento (Silver Ribbon) film awards.

Taormina
Taormina (UK: /ˌtɑːɔːrˈmiːnə/ TAH-or-MEE-nə, US: /-nɑː/ -⁠nah, also /taʊərˈ-/, Italian: [ta.orˈmiːna]; Sicilian: Taurmina) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina, on the east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy. Taormina has been a tourist destination since the 19th century. Its beaches on the Ionian Sea, including that of Isola Bella, are accessible via an aerial tramway built in 1992, and via highways from Messina in the north and Catania in the south.
Japanese American National Library
The Japanese American National Library (全米日系アメリカ人図書館, Zenbei Nikkei Amerikajin Toshokan) is a private non-lending library and resource center in San Francisco's Japantown for the collection and preservation of materials relating to Japanese Americans.  It has been in operation since 1969.

The library's collection consists of the following:

Books related to Japanese-Americans and Asian-Americans

Periodicals, including magazines, newsletters, journals, newspapers, and newspaper clippings.

Reference materials and general information about Japanese-American and Asian-American organizations, as well as information about Japanese-American artists and writers

The Japanese American National Library also contains an extensive archival collection. The most notable collection includes the archives of the Japanese American Citizens League Legislative Education Committee (JACL-LEC), an organization created to promote redress that ultimately became the Civil Liberties Act of 1988.

Japantown, San Francisco
Japantown (Japanese: 日本町, Hepburn: Nihonmachi), also known historically as Japanese Town, is a neighborhood in the Western Addition district of San Francisco, California. Japantown comprises about six city blocks and is considered one of the largest and oldest ethnic enclaves in the United States.
Scherrer equation
The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern. It is often referred to, incorrectly, as a formula for particle size measurement or analysis. It is named after Paul Scherrer. It is used in the determination of size of crystals in the form of powder.

The Scherrer equation can be written as:

where:

is the mean size of the ordered (crystalline) domains, which may be smaller or equal to the grain size;

is a dimensionless shape factor, with a value close to unity. The shape factor has a typical value of about 0.9, but varies with the actual shape of the crystallite;

is the X-ray wavelength;

is the line broadening at half the maximum intensity (FWHM), after subtracting the instrumental line broadening, in radians. This quantity is also sometimes denoted as ;

is the Bragg angle.

Bragg's law
In many areas of science, Bragg's law — also known as Wulff–Bragg's condition or Laue–Bragg interference — is a special case of Laue diffraction that gives the angles for coherent scattering of waves from a large crystal lattice. It describes how the superposition of wave fronts scattered by lattice planes leads to a strict relation between the wavelength and scattering angle. This law was initially formulated for X-rays, but it also applies to all types of matter waves including neutron and electron waves if there are a large number of atoms, as well as to visible light with artificial periodic microscale lattices.
Cadogan Square
Cadogan Square (/kəˈdʌɡən/) is a residential square in Knightsbridge, London, that was named after Earl Cadogan. Whilst it is mainly a residential area, some of the properties are used for diplomatic and educational purposes (notably Sussex House School).

The square is known for being one of the most expensive residential streets in the United Kingdom, with an average house price of around £5.75 million in 2013. Milner Street runs from the middle of the west side of the square.

68 Cadogan Square
68 Cadogan Square is a Grade II* listed house in Cadogan Square, London SW1.

The house was built in the British Queen Anne Revival style in 1878, and the architect was Richard Norman Shaw. It is now the location of Sussex House School.

It appears in the James Bond movies Skyfall (2012) and Spectre (2015).
Water from the Wells of Home
Water from the Wells of Home is the 75th album by American country singer Johnny Cash, released on Mercury Records in 1988 (see 1988 in music). It features several collaborations with other artists, including "New Moon Over Jamaica" with Paul McCartney. Other guests include Waylon Jennings, Hank Williams Jr., Glen Campbell, Emmylou Harris and family members Rosanne Cash, John Carter Cash, June Carter Cash and members of the Carter Family. "Call Me the Breeze" is a J. J. Cale song that had been previously performed by Lynyrd Skynyrd. "Ballad of a Teenage Queen" is a new recording of a song that had appeared on Cash's Sun era album Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous. The album did not fare well on the charts, peaking at No. 48; the two singles, "Ballad of a Teenage Queen" and "That Old Wheel", reached No. 45 and No. 21, respectively.  A 2003 re-release of the album contained a bonus track, consisting of Johnny Cash discussing various songs on the album.

Ballad of a Teenage Queen
"Ballad of a Teenage Queen" is a country and rockabilly song written by Jack Clement and recorded by Johnny Cash, with background music by The Tennessee Two. Recorded for his 1958 album Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous, it hit number 1 on the US Country charts and number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100.