hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bay of Refugo
Bay of Refugo (Portuguese: Baía do Refugo), literally the bay of scrap, is a natural bay within the coastal extent of the civil parish of Porto Judeu, in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, on the Portuguese island of Terceira (in the archipelago of the Azores). It also refers to the small swimming area that faces into the bay.

Angra do Heroísmo
Angra do Heroísmo, officially the Very Noble, Loyal and Ever Steadfast City of Angra do Heroísmo, or simply Angra, is a city and municipality on Terceira Island, Portugal, and one of the three capital cities of the Azores. Founded in 1478, Angra was historically the most important city in the Azores, as seat of the Bishop of the Azores, government entities, and having previously served as the capital city of Portugal during the Liberal Wars. The population in 2011 was 35,402, in an area of 239.00 km2. It was classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1983.
Paul Wittgenstein
Paul Wittgenstein (November 5, 1887 – March 3, 1961) was an Austrian-American concert pianist notable for commissioning new piano concerti for the left hand alone, after his right arm was amputated during World War I. He devised novel techniques, including pedal and hand-movement combinations, that allowed him to play chords previously thought impossible for a five-fingered pianist.

He was an older brother of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Piano Concerto for the Left Hand (Ravel)
The Piano Concerto for the Left Hand in D major was composed by Maurice Ravel between 1929 and 1930, concurrently with his Piano Concerto in G major. The piece was commissioned by Paul Wittgenstein, a concert pianist who had lost his right arm in the First World War.
Heads of International Research Organizations
Heads of International Research Organizations (HIROs) is an organization composed of directors of International Research Organizations focussed on Health, Care and Wellbeing. It was established by Harold Varmus in 1998. Representatives from United States, Canada, The Netherlands, China, EU, India, South Africa, and South Korea. The members include director of NIH, Wellcome Trust, Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI).

In February 2013, HIROs oversaw the creation of the Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R) to act as a coordinating instrument for global research funders in the realm of pandemic response.

Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness
The Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R) is an international initiative to anticipate and prepare for future threats from infectious diseases. GloPID-R is intended to be a means for facilitating communication and collaboration between its member bodies, as opposed to a funding or disaster response entity. Its secretariat is funded by the European Union through its Horizon 2020 initiative.
Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was a military confrontation and a significant United States victory during the Red River War. The battle occurred on September 28, 1874, when several U.S. Army companies under Ranald S. Mackenzie attacked a large encampment of Plains Indians in Palo Duro Canyon in the Texas Panhandle.

Palo Duro Canyon
Palo Duro Canyon is a canyon system of the Caprock Escarpment located in the Texas Panhandle near the cities of Amarillo and Canyon. The second largest canyon system in the United States, it is roughly 25–40 mi (40–64 km) long and has an average width of 6 mi (9.7 km), but reaches a width of 20 mi (32 km) at places. Its depth is around 800 ft (240 m), but in some locations, valley bottom to surrounding hills increases to 1,000 ft (300 m). Palo Duro Canyon (from the Spanish meaning "hard stick") has been named "The Grand Canyon of Texas" both for its size and for its dramatic geological features, including the multicolored layers of rock and steep mesa walls, which are similar to those in the Grand Canyon. It is part of Palo Duro Canyon State Park. The State Park had 442,242 visitors in 2022.
Marielyst
Marielyst is a small town and seaside resort some 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of Nykøbing on the Danish island of Falster. Its long sandy beach has led to an extensive summer house development with some 6,000 holiday homes. As of 2025, it has a population of 633.

Falster
Falster (Danish: [ˈfælˀstɐ]) is an island in south-eastern Denmark with an area of 486.2 km2 (187.7 sq mi) and 43,398 inhabitants as of 1 January 2010. Located in the Kattegat, Belts and Sound area, it is part of Region Zealand and is administered by Guldborgsund Municipality. Falster includes Denmark's southernmost point, Gedser Odde, near Gedser.

The largest town is Nykøbing Falster with over 40% of the island's inhabitants. Other towns include Stubbekøbing, Nørre Alslev and Gedser.

Falster has motor and railway links both to the larger island of Zealand to the north and to the island of Lolland to the south-west. These links also lead to the smaller islands of Masnedø and Farø. European route E47 links Copenhagen to Hamburg (Germany) via Falster.
Supraorbital nerve
The supraorbital nerve is one of two terminal branches - the other being the supratrochlear nerve - of the frontal nerve (itself a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)). It exits the orbit via the supraorbital foramen/notch before splitting into a medial branch and a lateral branch. It innervates the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, and the root of the nose.

Frontal nerve
The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It supplies sensation to the skin of the forehead, the mucosa of the frontal sinus, and the skin of the upper eyelid. It may be affected by schwannoma.
Dukakinzade Mehmed Pasha
Dukakinzade Mehmed Pasha was an Albanian Ottoman statesman who served as the beylerbey of Aleppo, Egypt, and Smederevo. He was the son of Dukaginzade Ahmed Pasha, Ottoman grand vizier of Albanian origin from the noble Dukagjini family.

He also was the grandson of the Albanian nobleman Nicholas Pal Dukagjini.

Dukagjini family
The House of Dukagjini is an Albanian noble family which ruled over an area of Northern Albania and Western Kosovo known as the Principality of Dukagjini in the 14th and 15th centuries. They may have been descendants of the earlier Progoni family, who founded the first Albanian state in recorded history, the Principality of Arbanon. The city of Lezhë was their most important holding.
Peebles
Peebles (Scottish Gaelic: Na Pùballan) is a town in the Scottish Borders, Scotland. It was historically a royal burgh and the county town of Peeblesshire. According to the 2011 census, the population was 8,376 and the estimated population in June 2018 was 9,000.

Robert Chambers (publisher, born 1802)
Robert Chambers FRSE FGS (/ˈtʃeɪmbərz/; 10 July 1802 – 17 March 1871) was a Scottish publisher, geologist, evolutionary thinker, author and journal editor who, like his elder brother and business partner William Chambers, was highly influential in mid-19th-century scientific and political circles.

Chambers was an early phrenologist in the Edinburgh Phrenological Society. He was also the anonymous author of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, which was so controversial that his authorship was not acknowledged until after his death.
Diaphragm (birth control)
The diaphragm is a barrier method of birth control. It is moderately effective, with a one-year failure rate of around 12% with typical use. It is placed over the cervix with spermicide before sex and left in place for at least six hours after sex. Fitting by a healthcare provider is generally required.

Side effects are usually very few. Use may increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infections. If left in the vagina for more than 24 hours toxic shock syndrome may occur. While use may decrease the risk of sexually transmitted infections, it is not very effective at doing so. There are a number of types of diaphragms with different rim and spring designs. They may be made from latex, silicone, or natural rubber. They work by blocking access to and holding spermicide near the cervix.

The diaphragm came into use around 1882. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Comstock Act of 1873
The Comstock Act of 1873 is a series of current provisions in federal law that generally criminalize the involvement of the United States Postal Service, its officers, or a common carrier in conveying obscene matter, crime-inciting matter, or certain abortion-related matter. The Comstock Act is largely codified across title 18 of the United States Code and was enacted beginning in 1872 with the attachment of a rider to the Post Office Consolidation Act of 1872. Amended multiple times since initial enactment, most recently in 1996, the Act is nonetheless often associated with U.S. Postal Inspector and anti-vice activist Anthony Comstock.

The law was applied broadly for much of its history, before the scope of enforcement narrowed after various court rulings, and modern enforcement is primarily focused on prosecuting child pornography (with the most recent conviction under the Act being made in 2021).
Marie Smith Jones
Marie Smith Jones (May 14, 1918 – January 21, 2008) was an American national who was the last surviving speaker of the Eyak language of Southcentral Alaska. She was born in Cordova, Alaska, was an honorary chief of the Eyak Nation and the last remaining full-blooded Eyak. In a 2005 interview, Smith Jones explained that her name in Eyak is 'udAch' k'uqAXA'a'ch' (Eyak pronunciation: [ʔutət͡ʃ’ k’uqəχəʔaˀt͡ʃ’]) which translates as 'a sound that calls people from afar'.

Eyak language
Eyak is an endangered Na-Dené language, historically spoken by the Eyak people, indigenous to south-central Alaska, near the mouth of the Copper River. The name Eyak comes from a Chugach Sugpiaq name (Igya'aq) for an Eyak village at the mouth of the Eyak River.

The closest relatives of Eyak are the Athabaskan languages. The Eyak–Athabaskan group forms a basic division of the Na-Dené language family, the other being Tlingit.

Numerous Tlingit place names along the Gulf Coast are derived from names in Eyak; they have obscure or even nonsensical meanings in Tlingit, but oral tradition has maintained many Eyak etymologies. The existence of Eyak-derived Tlingit names along most of the coast towards southeast Alaska is strong evidence that the prehistoric range of Eyak was once far greater than it was at the time of European contact. This confirms both Tlingit and Eyak oral histories of migration throughout the region.
Faltings's theorem
Faltings's theorem is a result in arithmetic geometry, according to which a curve of genus greater than 1 over the field  of rational numbers has only finitely many rational points. This was conjectured in 1922 by Louis Mordell, and known as the Mordell conjecture until its 1983 proof by Gerd Faltings. The conjecture was later generalized by replacing  by any number field.

Rational point
In number theory and algebraic geometry, a rational point of an algebraic variety is a point whose coordinates belong to a given field. If the field is not mentioned, the field of rational numbers is generally understood. If the field is the field of real numbers, a rational point is more commonly called a real point.

Understanding rational points is a central goal of number theory and Diophantine geometry. For example, Fermat's Last Theorem may be restated as: for n > 2, the Fermat curve of equation  has no other rational points than (1, 0), (0, 1), and, if n is even, (–1, 0) and (0, –1).
Promotion (rank)
A promotion is the advancement of an employee's rank, role or position in an organizational hierarchy system. Promotion may be an employee's reward for good performance, i.e., positive appraisal.

Organizations can use promotions to motivate and control employees. Before a company promotes an employee to a particular position it might ensure that the person is able to handle the added responsibilities by screening the employee with interviews and tests and giving them training or on-the-job experience.

A promotion can involve advancement in terms of designation, salary and benefits, and in some organizations the type of job activities may change a great deal. The opposite of a promotion is a demotion.

Demotion
A demotion is a compulsory reduction in an employee's rank or job title within the organizational hierarchy of a company, public service department, or other body. A demotion may also lead to the loss of other privileges associated with a more senior rank and/or a reduction in salary or benefits. An employee may be demoted for violating the rules of the organization by a behavior such as excessive lateness, misconduct, or negligence. In some cases, an employee may be demoted as an alternative to being laid off, if the employee has poor job performance or if the company is facing a financial crisis. A move to a position at the same rank or level elsewhere in the organization is called a lateral move or deployment. A voluntary move to a lower level is also a deployment as it is not a compulsory reduction in level. Demotion is often misinterpreted simply as the opposite of a promotion. However, it is only one means of undergoing a reduction in work level.
Murchisonioidea
Murchisonioidea is an extinct superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.

This superfamily was previously included in the Caenogastropoda by Ponder and Warén (1988) and by Bandel in studies published in 1993 and 1997. However, studies by Tracey et al. (1993) and by Frýda and Manda (1997) put them into the Archaeogastropoda. This has been confirmed by new findings on archaeopod-type protoconchs in species from this families, dating from the early Devonian.

Vetigastropoda
Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005.

Vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living gastropods, and are widely distributed in all oceans of the world. Their habitats range from the deep sea to intertidal zones. Many have shells with slits or other secondary openings. One of their main characteristics is the presence of intersected crossed platy shell structure. Most vetigastropods have some bilateral asymmetry of their organ systems.
Mandatory retirement
Mandatory retirement, also known as forced retirement, enforced retirement or compulsory retirement, is the set age at which people who hold certain jobs or offices are required by industry custom or by law to leave their employment, or retire.

As of 2017, as reported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), only three European member states (UK, Denmark and Poland) and four OECD countries (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United States) had laws banning mandatory retirement.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA; 29 U.S.C. § 621 to 29 U.S.C. § 634) is a United States labor law that forbids employment discrimination against anyone, at least 40 years of age (see 29 U.S.C. § 631). The ADEA prevents age discrimination and provides equal employment opportunity under the conditions that were not explicitly covered in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act also applies to the standards for pensions and benefits provided by employers, and requires that information concerning the needs of older workers be provided to the general public.
COMAL
COMAL (Common Algorithmic Language) is a computer programming language developed in Denmark by Børge R. Christensen and Benedict Løfstedt and originally released in 1975. It was based on the BASIC programming language, adding multi-line statements and well-defined subroutines among other additions.

COMAL was originally written for minicomputers, but was small enough to run on early microcomputers as well. It is one of the few structured programming languages that were available for and comfortably usable on 8-bit home computers.

"COMAL Kernel Syntax & Semantics" contains the formal definition of the language. Further extensions are common to many implementations.

Compis
Compis (COMPuter I Skolan) was a computer system intended for the general educational system in Sweden and sold to Swedish schools beginning in 1984 through the distributor Esselte Studium, who also was responsible for the software packages.

The computers were also used in Danish, Finnish and Norwegian schools under the name Scandis.
Ramose (TT55)
The Ancient Egyptian noble, Ramose was Vizier under both Amenhotep III and Akhenaten. He was in office in the last decade of Amenhotep's III reign and at the beginning of the reign of the latter king. Ramose appears on jar labels found in the palace of king Amenhotep III at Malkata. Here appears also the vizier Amenhotep-Huy. Both viziers are also shown side by side in the temple of Soleb. In the New Kingdom the office of the vizier was divided in a northern vizier and a southern one. It is not entirely clear whether Ramose was the southern or northern one.

Ramose was born into an influential family. His father was the mayor of Memphis Heby, in office at the beginning of Amenhotep's III reign. The brother of Ramose was the high steward of Memphis Amenhotep (Huy).

Amenhotep-Huy
Amenhotep-Huy was a Vizier of Ancient Egypt during the reign of Amenhotep III. Besides being Amenhotep III's Vizier, Amenhotep-Huy was also director of Upper and Lower Egypt and overseer of all the works of the King in Upper and Lower Egypt.
Thordar Quelprud
Thordar Fladmoe Quelprud (September 2, 1901 – May 16, 1992) was a Norwegian geneticist. Quelprud was a student of Kristine Bonnevie, who established the Institute for Genetic Research (Norwegian: Institut for Arvelighetsforskning) in 1916. Bonnevie sent him to Berlin in the 1920s, where he became fascinated with German scientific racism. He was appointed a professor of genetic studies at the University of Oslo during the Second World War, and he was removed from the position in 1945.

Kristine Bonnevie
Kristine Elisabet Heuch Bonnevie (8 October 1872 – 30 August 1948) was a Norwegian biologist. She was the first woman to graduate with a science doctorate in Norway (and the second woman overall), Norway's first woman professor, a women's rights activist, and a politician for the Free-minded Liberal Party. Her fields of research were cytology, genetics, and embryology. She was among the first women to be elected to political office in Norway. She suggested the epic voyage of her graduate student Thor Heyerdahl on the raft Kon-tiki, a voyage memorialized in the Kon-Tiki Museum, Oslo.
Riot shotgun
A riot shotgun is a shotgun designed or modified for use as a primarily defensive weapon, by the use of a short barrel and sometimes a larger magazine capacity than shotguns marketed for hunting.  The riot shotgun is used by military personnel for guard duty and was at one time used for riot control, and is commonly used as a door breaching and patrol weapon by law enforcement personnel, as well as a home defense weapon by civilians. Guns of this type are often labeled as breaching shotguns, tactical shotguns or special-purpose shotguns to denote the larger scope of their use; however, these are largely marketing terms.

Combat shotgun
A combat shotgun is a shotgun issued by militaries for warfare. The earliest shotguns specifically designed for combat were the trench guns or trench shotguns issued in World War I. While limited in range, the multiple projectiles typically used in a shotgun shell increase the probability of hitting a target at close quarters.
El Hijo del Pantera
El Hijo del Pantera (born December 18, 1991) is a Mexican luchador (professional wrestler). He currently wrestles on the Mexican independent circuit and has also wrestled in Japan for promotions such as Pro Wrestling Noah and Wrestle-1. His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico, where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. El Hijo del Pantera is the cousin of luchador Último Gladiador, and the son of Pantera.

Wrestle-1 Cruiser Division Championship
The Wrestle-1 Cruiser Division Championship (WRESTLE-1クルーザーディビジョンチャンピオンシップ, Wrestle-1 Kurūzā Dibijon Chanpionshippu) is a professional wrestling championship owned by the Wrestle-1 (W-1) promotion. The title is meant for cruiserweight wrestlers and holds a weight limit of 200 lb (91 kg).

Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won as a result of a scripted match. There have been fifteen reigns shared among eight wrestlers.
Herpetopoma
Herpetopoma is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs of the family Chilodontaidae.

In the past, this genus was often treated as a subgenus of Euchelus. However, this genus may prove to be a composite taxon, given the diversity of the shell forms.

Chilodontaidae
Chilodontaidae is a taxonomic family of mostly small deepwater sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Bingo Provincial Capital
The Bingo Provincial Capital Site (備後国府跡, Bingo Kokufu ato) is an archaeological site consisting of the ruins of the Nara period to early Heian period Provincial Capital of Bingo Province, located in the northern part of the city of Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture in the San'yō region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1985 with the area under production expanded in 2016, with the area under protection expanded in 2019.

Fuchū, Hiroshima
Fuchū (府中市, Fuchū-shi) is a city located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 April 2023, the city had an estimated population of 36,326 in 17013 households and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 195.75 square kilometres (75.58 sq mi).
Kantō Railway
Kantō Railway (関東鉄道, Kantō Tetsudō) is a private railway company, which operates two lines in Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan. The company is a subsidiary of Keisei Electric Railway and other companies.
Additionally, the company has a bus department in Ibaraki Prefecture and Chiba Prefecture in Japan.

Tsukuba Station
Tsukuba Station (Japanese: つくば駅, Hepburn: Tsukuba-eki) is a passenger railway station in the city of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, operated by the third-sector railway operating company Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company. It is numbered "TX20".
Hülya Avşar
Hülya Avşar (born 10 October 1963) is a Turkish-Kurdish actress, singer, businesswoman and former beauty pageant titleholder. She is best known for numerous films and hit revenge series "Kadın İsterse". Her international roles include Safiye Sultan in Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem and Fatmagül in the movie Fatmagül'ün Suçu Ne?.

O Ses Türkiye
O Ses Türkiye is a Turkish reality singing competition and local version of The Voice. It started on October 10, 2011. O Ses Türkiye is presented by Acun Ilıcalı (since 2011–2022).

One of the important premises of the show is the quality of singing. Four coaches, themselves popular performing artists, train the contestants in their groups and occasionally perform with them. Talents are selected in blind auditions, where the coaches cannot see, but only hear the contestants (as their backs are turned to the aspiring performer).