hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Presumption of innocence
The presumption of innocence is a legal principle that every person accused of any crime is considered innocent until proven guilty. Under the presumption of innocence, the legal burden of proof is thus on the prosecution, which must present compelling evidence to the trier of fact (a judge or a jury).  If the prosecution does not prove the charges true, then the person is acquitted of the charges. The prosecution must in most cases prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If reasonable doubt remains, the accused must be acquitted.  The opposite system is a presumption of guilt.

In many countries and under many legal systems, including common law and civil law systems (not to be confused with the other kind of civil law, which deals with non-criminal legal issues), the presumption of innocence is a legal right of the accused in a criminal trial.  It is also an international human right under the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 11.

Criminal procedure
Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law. While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge with the person on trial either being free on bail or incarcerated, and results in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant. Criminal procedure can be either in form of inquisitorial or adversarial criminal procedure.
Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset S of some preordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K that is greater than or equal to every element of S.
Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. 
A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound. 
The terms bounded above (bounded below) are also used in the mathematical literature for sets that have upper (respectively lower) bounds.

Order theory
Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that".
Gernot Rumpler
Gernot Rumpler (born 21 February 1994) is an Austrian sports shooter. He competed in the men's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. At the 2018 World Championships he was part of the Austrian team that won the 300m rifle three position event alongside Bernhard Pickl and Stefan Rumpler.

At the 2021 European Championships he won silver in the 50m rifle three-position mixed team with Sheileen Waibel.

Sheileen Waibel
Sheileen Waibel (born 3 January 2001) is an Austrian sports shooter. She has represented Austria in ISSF Air Rifle and 50M Rifle at European and World Championship level. Her father is Olympic medallist Wolfram Waibel Jr., and her grandfather is a five-time Olympian Wolfram Waibel Sr.
On the Trail of the Bremen Town Musicians
On the Trail of the Bremen Town Musicians (Russian: По следам бременских музыкантов, romanized: Po sledam bremenskikh muzykantov) is a 1973 Soviet animated short film directed by Vasily Livanov. It was made as a sequel to The Bremen Town Musicians. Zherzdeva & Gorokhov, who voiced the princess & the donkey in the first film were the only ones to reprise their roles.

The King, wanting for his daughter to be found and returned to his castle, hires Detective to carry out the task. He successfully kidnaps and returns Princess back to the kingdom, but Troubadour and his animal friends Bremen Town Musicians hurry to release her. Disguised as foreign rock singers, the group distracts the King and the Detective, while Troubadour rescues his love and together they escape once again.

Gennady Gladkov
Gennady Igorevich Gladkov (Russian: Геннадий Игоревич Гладков; 18 February 1935 – 16 October 2023) was a Soviet and Russian composer. He composed music for some of the most famous Soviet movies and cartoons, most notably The Bremen Town Musicians.
Belmont Hill School
Belmont Hill School is an all-boys day and optional five-day boarding school in Belmont, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. The school enrolls approximately 470 boys in grades 7–12, separated into the Middle School (Forms I-III, or grades 7–9) and the Upper School (Forms IV-VI, or grades 10–12).

The school's rowing team has won five national championships, and its ice hockey team has produced two Olympic gold medalists and three Hobey Baker Award winners.

Belmont, Massachusetts
Belmont is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a western suburb of Boston and is part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 27,295, an increase of 10.4% from 2010.
Charites
The Charites (/ˈkærɪtiːz/; Ancient Greek: Χάριτες; singular Charis (Χάρις), also called by the English translation the "Graces") are goddesses of Greek mythology who personify beauty and grace. According to Hesiod, their names were Aglaea, Euphrosyne, and Thalia and were the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome, the daughter of Oceanus. However, their names, number and parentage varied across accounts. They have little independent mythology, and are usually described as attending various gods and goddesses, particularly Aphrodite.

In Roman mythology, they were known by the Latin equivalent of the Greek: the Gratiae. In Roman and later art, they were generally depicted nude in an interlaced group, but during the Greek Archaic and Classical periods, they were typically depicted as fully clothed, in a line, and in dance poses.

Orchomenus (Boeotia)
Orchomenus (Ancient Greek: Ὀρχομενός; Modern Greek: Ορχομενός, Orchomenos) is a town and a municipality in Boeotia, Greece. It is best known today for its rich archaeological site, that was inhabited from the Neolithic through the Hellenistic periods and is the setting for many early Greek myths. It is often referred to as "Minyan Orchomenus", to distinguish it from a later city of the same name in Arcadia. It is located at the base of Akontion near snow-capped Mount Parnassos.
Reductive amination
Reductive amination (also known as reductive alkylation) is a form of amination that converts a carbonyl group to an amine via an intermediate imine. The carbonyl group is most commonly a ketone or an aldehyde. It is a common method to make amines and is widely used in green chemistry since it can be done catalytically in one-pot under mild conditions. In biochemistry, dehydrogenase enzymes use reductive amination to produce the amino acid glutamate. Additionally, there is ongoing research on alternative synthesis mechanisms with various metal catalysts which allow the reaction to be less energy taxing, and require milder reaction conditions. Investigation into biocatalysts, such as imine reductases, have allowed for higher selectivity in the reduction of chiral amines which is an important factor in pharmaceutical synthesis.

Sodium cyanoborohydride
Sodium cyanoborohydride is a chemical compound with the formula Na[BH3(CN)]. It is a colourless salt used in organic synthesis for chemical reduction including that of imines and carbonyls. Sodium cyanoborohydride is a milder reductant than other conventional reducing agents.
Heritage railway
A heritage railway or heritage railroad (U.S. usage) is a railway operated as living history to re-create or preserve railway scenes of the past. Heritage railways are often old railway lines preserved in a state depicting a period (or periods) in the history of rail transport.

Fort Collins Municipal Railway
The Fort Collins Municipal Railway operated streetcars in Fort Collins, Colorado, from 1919 until 1951.  Since 1984, a section of one of the former routes has been in operation as a seasonal heritage streetcar service, under the same name, running primarily on Spring and Summer weekends.  The heritage service is operated by volunteers from the Fort Collins Municipal Railway Society (FCMRS).  The streetcar in use on the heritage line, Birney "Safety" Streetcar No. 21, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Iron–sulfur cluster
Iron–sulfur clusters are molecular ensembles of iron and sulfide.  They are most often discussed in the context of the biological role for iron–sulfur proteins, which are pervasive.  Many Fe–S clusters are known in the area of organometallic chemistry and as precursors to synthetic analogues of the biological clusters. It is supposed that the last universal common ancestor had many iron-sulfur clusters.

Cubane-type cluster
A cubane-type cluster is an arrangement of atoms in a molecular structure that forms a cube. In the simplest case, the eight vertices are symmetry equivalent and the species has Oh symmetry. Such structure occurs in the hydrocarbon cubane (chemical formula C8H8), which has carbon atoms at the corners of a cube and covalent bonds forming the edges.

Cubane, the parent compound for the class

Other compounds in the class have different elements in the corners, and various atoms or groups bonded to the corners.  
Most cubanes have more complicated structures, usually with nonequivalent vertices. They may be simple covalent compounds or macromolecular or supramolecular cluster compounds.
Alejandro Zambra
Alejandro Andrés Zambra Infantas (Santiago, Chile, born September 24, 1975) is a Chilean poet, short-story writer and novelist. He has been recognized for his talent as a young Latin American writer, chosen in 2007 as one of the "Bogotá39" (the best Latin American writers under the age of 39) and in 2010 by Granta as one of the best Spanish-language writers under the age of 35.

Bonsai (2011 film)
Bonsai (Spanish: Bonsái) is a 2011 Chilean drama film directed by Cristián Jiménez, based on the 2006 book of the same name by Alejandro Zambra. It premiered during the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 30 March 2012 and in the United States on 11 May 2012.
Duarte High School
Duarte High School is a public high school located in Duarte, California and is part of Duarte Unified School District. Duarte High School had 764 students enrolled as of 2024. Their mascot is the falcon. It was recognized as a California Distinguished School in 2007 for its high test scores and academic achievement.

Duarte High was recognized in Newsweek as one of the top public high schools in the United States. See below for detailed rankings.

Duarte, California
Duarte (/ˈdwɑːrti, duˈɑːrteɪ/) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 21,727. Duarte is located on historic U.S. Route 66, which today follows Huntington Drive through the middle of the city. It is bounded to the north by the San Gabriel Mountains, to the north and west by the cities of Bradbury and Monrovia, to the south by the city of Irwindale, and to the east by the cities of Irwindale and Azusa.  The town is named after Andrés Avelino Duarte, a Californio ranchero (rancher) who founded the community on his land grant, Rancho Azusa de Duarte.
Keyesville massacre
The Keyesville massacre was a mass killing which occurred on April 19, 1863, in Tulare County, California during the Owens Valley Indian War. A mixed force consisting of American settlers and a detachment of the United States Army's 2nd California Cavalry Regiment under Captain Moses A. McLaughlin killed 35 Indigenous Californians from the Tübatulabal and Mono peoples "about ten miles from Keysville, upon the right bank of Kern River".

Moses A. McLaughlin
Moses A. McLaughlin (1834–1899) was an Irish-born California Militia officer, Union Army officer, farmer, later a medical doctor.  As Captain, 2nd Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry, he is best known for his role in the 1863 Keyesville Massacre, and subsequent campaign that forced the capitulation of the Owens Valley Paiute in the Owens Valley Indian War and their removal to Fort Tejon.
Son of a Pimp
Son of a Pimp is the second studio album by American rapper Mistah F.A.B. from Oakland, California. It was released on April 19, 2005 via Thizz Entertainment. Production was handled by several record producers, including Droop-E, E-A-Ski, Gennessee Lewis, Kanye West and Sean T among others. It also features guest appearances by the likes of Bavgate, E-40, G-Stack, Mac Dre (who was shot and killed 6½ months prior to the album's release), Mac Mall, Messy Marv, Miami, PSD, The Jacka, Turf Talk, and Yukmouth among others. A sequel to the album, Son of a Pimp Part 2, was released on May 27, 2016.

Son of a Pimp Part 2
Son of a Pimp Part 2 is the fifth studio album by American rapper Mistah F.A.B. from Oakland, California. It was released on May 27, 2016, via Faeva Afta/EMPIRE. Production was handled by several record producers, including Iamsu!, Jake One, Pete Rock, P-Lo, Sean T, and Tha Bizness among others. It also features guest appearances by the likes of 2 Chainz, B.o.B, Bobby V, Bun B, Carl Thomas, Crooked I, Devin the Dude, E-40, Fashawn, G-Eazy, J. Stalin, Jadakiss, Keak da Sneak, Kendrick Lamar, Keyshia Cole, Kobe, Lil' Boosie, Lupe Fiasco, Curren$y, Paul Wall, Raekwon, Schoolboy Q, Slim Thug, Snoop Dogg, Tech N9NE, The Jacka, Too $hort, and Z-Ro among others. The album peaked at number 24 on the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 16 on the Top Rap Albums, number 22 on the Independent Albums, number 3 on the Heatseekers Albums. This album is a follow-up to the rapper's 2005 album Son of a Pimp.
1999 Glenbrook rail accident
The Glenbrook rail accident occurred on 2 December 1999 at 8:22 am on a curve east of Glenbrook railway station on the CityRail network between Glenbrook and Lapstone, in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. Seven passengers were killed and 51 passengers were taken to hospital with injuries when a CityRail V set electric multiple unit collided with the rear wagon of the long-haul Perth-to-Sydney Indian Pacific.

Glenbrook, New South Wales
Glenbrook is a township of the Lower Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 63 kilometres (39 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Blue Mountains. As of the 2021 Australian census Glenbrook had a population of 5,078 people.

Glenbrook lies between Lapstone and Blaxland at an elevation of 163 metres (535 feet) and is approximately a 50-minute drive from Sydney. It is home to many cafes and boutiques, while offering various tourist attractions, including weekend markets, recreational opportunities and native flora and fauna.

The town takes its name from Glenbrook Creek, which is on the southern side of the village and must be crossed to enter parts of the Blue Mountains National Park. Glenbrook retains many historical homes and buildings throughout the village, although most of these are occupied and not open to the public.
Long Meadows
Long Meadows is a historic home located near Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. In 1739, Thomas Cresap was granted 400 acres (1.6 km2) which he named Long Meadows, where he is said to have erected a stone and log fort over a spring near the Marsh Run. Stones from the fort are said to have been used in the construction of the barn wall located on the property.

Long Meadows was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Thomas Cresap
Colonel Thomas Cresap (c.1702 – c.1790) was an English-born settler and trader in the states of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Cresap served Lord Baltimore as an agent in the Maryland–Pennsylvania boundary dispute that became known as Cresap's War. Later, together with the Native American chief Nemacolin, Cresap improved a Native American path to the Ohio Valley, and ultimately settled and became a large landowner near Cumberland, Maryland, where he was involved in further disputes near Brownsville, Pennsylvania, including in the French and Indian War and Lord Dunmore's War.
Cascade Saddle Track
The Cascade Saddle Track, also known as the Cascade Saddle Route, is a 25 km (16 mi) alpine tramping track in the Mount Aspiring National Park, New Zealand that takes approximately four days to complete. It is known for its "spectacular" views but is considered an expert-level track due to the hazardous conditions.

Mount Aspiring National Park
Mount Aspiring National Park is in the Southern Alps of the South Island of New Zealand, north of Fiordland National Park, situated in Otago and Westland regions. The park forms part of the Te Wahipounamu World Heritage Site.
Victoria Barracks, Hong Kong
The Victoria Barracks (Chinese: 域多利兵房; Jyutping: wik6 do1 lei6 bing1 fong4) were a barracks in the Admiralty area of Central on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The barracks were constructed between the 1840s and 1874, and situated within the area bounded by Cotton Tree Drive, Kennedy Road and Queensway. Together with Murray Barracks, Wellington Barracks and Admiralty Dock, the barracks formed a British military zone in Central. The barracks was named for Queen Victoria, monarch at the time of construction.

Admiralty, Hong Kong
Admiralty (金鐘; Gāmjūng) is the eastern extension of the central business district (adjacent to, but separate from, Central) on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It is located on the eastern end of the Central and Western District, bordered by Wan Chai to the east and Victoria Harbour to the north.

The name of Admiralty refers to the former Admiralty Dock in the area which housed a naval dockyard. The dock was later demolished when land was reclaimed and developed northward as the naval base HMS Tamar. The Cantonese name, Kam Chung (金鐘), lit. "Golden Bell", refers to a gold-coloured bell that was used for timekeeping at Wellington Barracks.
Bernard Brodeur
Bernard Brodeur (born 1956 in Granby, Quebec) is a Canadian former member of the National Assembly of Quebec for Shefford.

Brodeur is a notary. He holds a bachelor's degree in Law and Notarial Law from the Université Laval. He is also the owner of a Limousin cattle breeding operation since 1985. He was chair of the Import-Export Committee of the Canadian Limousin Association from 1986 to 1987 and President of the Québec Limousin Breeders Association from 1989 to 1991.

Elected as Member for Shefford in the by-election held on February 28, 1994, Brodeur was reelected in the 1994, 1998 and 2003 general elections. He was the Official Opposition Critic for Transport. In 2004, Quebec Premier Jean Charest made him Chair of the Committee on Culture.

Brodeur was defeated in his re-election bid in the 2007 general election by ADQ candidate François Bonnardel. Bonnardel received 16,648 votes versus Brodeur's 10,897 votes.

François Bonnardel
François Bonnardel MNA (born November 8, 1967) is a Canadian politician. He is a member of the National Assembly of Quebec, Canada, for the riding of Granby. He previously represented the now-defunct Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) party, but now represents the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ), following the merger of the ADQ with the CAQ. On October 18, 2018, he was appointed as Minister of Transport in Quebec Premier Francois Legault's cabinet. Following the CAQ's re-election in 2022, he was appointed as Minister of Public Security.
Richard Simeon
Sir Richard Godin Simeon, 2nd Baronet (21 May 1784 – 4 January 1854) was an English Liberal Party politician.

Simeon was born in 1784, the son of Sir John Simeon, 1st Baronet and Rebecca Cornwall.

Simeon was elected at the 1832 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Isle of Wight, a new constituency which had been created by the Reform Act 1832. He was re-elected in 1835, and stood down from the House of Commons at the 1837 general election.

He was appointed as a Deputy Lieutenant of the Isle of Wight 1831, and in 1846. He also served as High Sheriff of Hampshire for 1845. Charles and John Simeon were his sons.

Charles Simeon (colonist)
Captain Charles Simeon (9 December 1816 – 29 May 1867) was one of the members of the Canterbury Association who emigrated to Canterbury in New Zealand in 1851. The family spent four years in the colony and during this time, he held various important posts and positions. He returned to England in 1855. He was devoted to the Anglican church and three of his sons became priests, while two of his daughters married priests.
East Germany national football team
The East Germany national football team, recognised as Germany DR by FIFA, represented East Germany in men's international football, playing as one of three post-war German teams, along with Saarland and West Germany.

East Germany qualified for the World Cup once, doing so in 1974, and after German reunification in 1990, the Deutscher Fußball Verband der DDR (DFV, English: German Football Association of the GDR), and with it the East German team, joined the Deutscher Fußball Bund (DFB) and the West Germany national football team that had just won the World Cup.

Saarland national football team
The Saarland national football team (German: Saarländische Fußballnationalmannschaft)  was the association football team representing the Saar Protectorate in international football from 1950 to 1956 during the French occupation following World War II. As France opposed the inclusion of the Saarland in the Federal Republic of Germany until 1956, they administered it separately from Germany as the Saar Protectorate.

As the local population did not want to join France, separate organisations were founded. A National Olympic Committee was founded in 1950, leading to an appearance of Saar at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Also, considering themselves not an independent nation different from Germany, the football team was not designated as a "national team", and was more generally referred to as a "selection" (German: Auswahl) or some similar term.
Timothée Bodika Mansiyai
Timothée Bodika Mansiyai P.S.S. (born 1 January 1962) is a Congolese Catholic prelate who serves as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kikwit, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, since 19 November 2016. Before that, from 2 February 2012 until 19 November 2016, he was Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kinshasa. He was appointed bishop on 2 February 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI. He was consecrated and installed at Kinshasa, on 15 April 2012. He served as Titular Bishop of Naiera concurrently while auxiliary bishop. On 19 November 2016, The Holy Father, Pope Francis, transferred him to the Diocese of Kikwit as the Local Ordinary. He was installed at Kikwit on 4 December 2016. He is a member of the Society of Priests of Saint Sulpice.

Diocese of Kikwit
The Diocese of Kikwit (Latin: Kikuiten(sis)) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Kikwit  in the ecclesiastical province of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Vernon Regional Transit System
The Vernon Regional Transit System provides bus service to destinations in Vernon, Coldstream and the North Okanagan area of British Columbia, using fully accessible low floor transit buses.

This transit system is responsible for all local full-service and handyDART public bus transportation, in cooperation with the provincial agency BC Transit. Currently, the Vernon Regional Transit System operates a combination of twelve local and regional routes, with a thirteenth route operated by Shuswap Regional Transit servicing Vernon as well.

Vernon, British Columbia
Vernon is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is 440 km (270 mi) northeast of Vancouver. Named after Forbes George Vernon, a former MLA of British Columbia who helped establish the Coldstream Ranch in nearby Coldstream, Vernon was incorporated in 1892. Vernon has a population of 44,519 (2021), while its metropolitan region, Greater Vernon, has a population of 67,086 as of the 2021 Canadian census. With this population, Vernon is the largest city in the North Okanagan Regional District. A resident of Vernon is called a "Vernonite."