hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cyanosis
Cyanosis is the change of tissue color to a bluish-purple hue, as a result of decrease in the amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells of the capillary bed. Cyanosis is apparent usually in the body tissues covered with thin skin, including the mucous membranes, lips, nail beds, and ear lobes. Some medications may cause discoloration such as medications containing amiodarone or silver. Furthermore, mongolian spots, large birthmarks, and the consumption of food products with blue or purple dyes can also result in the bluish skin tissue discoloration and may be mistaken for cyanosis. Appropriate physical examination and history taking is a crucial part to diagnose cyanosis. Management of cyanosis involves treating the main cause, as cyanosis is not a disease, but rather a symptom.

Cyanosis is further classified into central cyanosis and peripheral cyanosis.

Oxygen saturation (medicine)
Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood. The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood.  Normal arterial blood oxygen saturation levels in humans are 96–100 percent. If the level is below 90 percent, it is considered low and called hypoxemia. Arterial blood oxygen levels below 80 percent may compromise organ function, such as the brain and heart, and should be promptly addressed. Continued low oxygen levels may lead to respiratory or cardiac arrest. Oxygen therapy may be used to assist in raising blood oxygen levels. Oxygenation occurs when oxygen molecules (O2) enter the tissues of the body. For example, blood is oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen molecules travel from the air and into the blood. Oxygenation is commonly used to refer to medical oxygen saturation.
Yvette Holt
Yvette Henry Holt is an Australian literary executive, multi-award-winning contemporary Australian Aboriginal poet, essayist, researcher and editor. She heralds from the Bidjara, Yiman and Wakaman nations of Queensland. The youngest child born to prominent Queensland Elder, Albert Holt and Marlene (née Henry) Holt,  Yvette came to poetic prominence with her first award-winning collection of poetry Anonymous Premonition in 2008. Between 2009-2021 Holt lived and worked in Central Australia among the Central and Western Arrernte peoples of Hermansburg and Alice Springs.

Australian Poetry
Australian Poetry is a national not-for-profit organisation representing Australian poets, based at The Wheeler Centre in Melbourne. The organisation was created in 2011 by the amalgamation of Poets Union Inc., based in New South Wales, and the Australian Poetry Centre Inc. of Victoria.

The Poets Union of Australia was originally established in 1977. Branches went on to be established nationally. The Australian Poetry Centre was launched in 2007, based on the work of the earlier (founded 2002) organisation called the Poetry Australia Foundation.

Australian Poetry publishes the Australian Poetry Journal and the Australian Poetry Anthology.
Kongsvinger Municipality
Kongsvinger (pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Glåmdal (or historically Vinger). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kongsvinger. Other settlements in the municipality include Austmarka, Brandval, Lundersæter, and Roverud.

The 1,036-square-kilometre (400 sq mi) municipality is the 111th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Kongsvinger Municipality is the 73rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 18,109. The municipality's population density is 17.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (45/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.3% over the previous 10-year period. Kongsvinger's eastern municipal boundary is the Norway–Sweden border.

Austmarka, Innlandet
Austmarka is a village in Kongsvinger Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the border with Sweden and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the southeast of the town of Kongsvinger. Austmarka Church is located in the village.

The 0.49-square-kilometre (120-acre) village has a population (2024) of 467 and a population density of 467 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,210/sq mi).

Austmarka is located at the southern end of Finnskogen, a continuous forest area that stretches north along the Swedish border throughout Solør. Forest Finns began to settle in the area in the 17th century. Many people from Austmarka can find Finnish family names in their ancestors such as Porkka, Ampiainen, Valkoinen and Kartuinen.
Old Locks and Irregular Verbs
Old Locks and Irregular Verbs is an album by American jazz saxophonist Henry Threadgill, which was recorded in 2015 and released on Pi Recordings. It features an extended work that Threadgill composed as a tribute to cornetist and composer-conductor Lawrence D. Butch Morris, who died in 2013. Morris and Threadgill were old friends and colleagues on the New York City jazz scene; they both performed on Ming (1980) by David Murray. Threadgill formed a new band for the occasion named Ensemble Double Up, a septet where he doesn't play, but instead conducts.

Pi Recordings
Pi Recordings is a jazz record label founded by Seth Rosner in 2001. He was soon joined as partner by Yulun Wang. Pi specializes in avant-garde jazz. Its first two albums were by Henry Threadgill.

Pi's roster includes Amir ElSaffar, Anthony Braxton, Corey Wilkes, James Blood Ulmer, Leroy Jenkins, Liberty Ellman, Marc Ribot, Muhal Richard Abrams, Roscoe Mitchell, Rudresh Mahanthappa, Steve Lehman, Art Ensemble of Chicago, Steve Coleman, Vijay Iyer, and Wadada Leo Smith.

In its first twenty years, Pi released fewer than a hundred recordings. In 2021, DownBeat wrote that "Pi releases rigorous, pathbreaking music that stretches the boundaries of jazz while honoring its history."
Cipanas Palace
Cipanas Palace (Indonesian pronunciation: [Istana tʃipanas] Istana Cipanas) is one of the seven presidential palaces of Republic of Indonesia. It is located in Cipanas, West Java, Indonesia, near a highway connecting Jakarta and Bandung through Puncak. Located approximately 103 kilometres (64 mi) from Jakarta, or about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the city of Cianjur. Cipanas Palace is located in the village of Cipanas in Cianjur Regency, at the foot of Mount Gede and at an altitude of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) above sea level. The building stands on an area of approximately 26 hectares (64 acres), with the area of the building approximately 7,760 square metres (83,500 sq ft).

Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff
Gustaaf Willem, Baron van Imhoff (8 August 1705 – 1 November 1750) was a Dutch colonial administrator for the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He served as Governor of Ceylon from 1736 to 1740 and as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1743 until his death in 1750 at Istana Cipanas.
Kerinci Regency
Kerinci is a regency (kabupaten) in Jambi province, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The regency has an area of 3,445.18 km2 (1,330.19 sq mi). Kerinci Regency had a population of 229,495 at the 2010 Census and 250,259 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 268,951 (comprising 135,055 males and 133,896 females). The regency largely surrounds the city of Sungai Penuh (except on the city's western side), which until its separation on 24 June 2008 was part of the regency but is now independent of it. The regency seat is at the town of Siulak. Kerinci is located 50 km (31 mi) from Jambi City, the capital of Jambi Province.

Jambi
Jambi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and stretches to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is also called Jambi. It is bordered by the provinces of Riau to the north, West Sumatra to the west, Bengkulu to the southwest, South Sumatra to the south, and shares a maritime border with the Riau Islands to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the east. The province has a land area of 49,026.58 km2, and a sea area of 3,274.95 km2. Its area is comparable to the European country of Slovakia or Smolensk Oblast. It had a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 census and 3,548,228 according to the 2020 census; the official estimate of population as of mid-2024 was 3,745,746 (comprising 1,893,490 males and 1,830,790 females).
Four color cards
Four color cards (Chinese: 四色牌; pinyin: Sì Sè Pái) is a game of the rummy family of card games, with a relatively long history in southern China. In Vietnam the equivalent game is known as tứ sắc (Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation of 四色).

Rummy
Rummy is a group of  games related by the feature of matching cards of the same rank or sequence and same suit. The basic goal in any form of rummy is to build melds which can be either sets (three or four of a kind of the same rank) or runs (three or more sequential cards of the same suit) and either be first to go out or to amass more points than the opposition.
Harry Meade
Harry Meade (born 4 July 1983) is a British eventing rider. In 2004 he was shortlisted for the Young Rider European Championships with the horse Midnight Dazzler. Representing Great Britain, he competed at the 2014 World Equestrian Games in Normandy, France, where he won a team silver medal. At the WEG, Meade and his mount Wild Lone finished the cross country course clear. When his horse was taken to cool down after completing the course, Wild Lone collapsed and died.

Harry is a son of Richard Meade, multiple Olympic gold medalist in eventing.

Richard Meade (equestrian)
Richard John Hannay Meade, OBE (4 December 1938 – 8 January 2015) was Britain's most successful male equestrian at the  Olympics. He was a triple Olympic gold medallist and the first British rider to win an individual Olympic title. He also won five World Championship medals, including team golds in 1970 and 1982.
JIS X 0212
JIS X 0212 is a Japanese Industrial Standard defining a coded character set for encoding supplementary characters for use in Japanese. This standard is intended to supplement JIS X 0208 (Code page 952). It is numbered 953 or 5049 as an IBM code page (see below).

It is one of the source standards for Unicode's CJK Unified Ideographs.

Japanese Industrial Standards
Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) (日本産業規格, Nihon Sangyō Kikaku; formerly 日本工業規格 Nihon Kōgyō Kikaku until June 30, 2019) are the standards used for industrial activities in Japan, coordinated by the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) and published by the Japanese Standards Association (JSA). The JISC is composed of many nationwide committees and plays a vital role in standardizing activities across Japan.
Alice Guy-Blaché
Alice Ida Antoinette Guy-Blaché (née Guy; French: [alis gi blɑʃe]; 1 July 1873 – 24 March 1968) was a French pioneer film director. She was one of the first filmmakers to make a narrative fiction film, as well as the first woman to direct a film. From 1896 to 1906, she was probably the only female filmmaker in the world. She experimented with Gaumont's Chronophone sync-sound system, and with color-tinting, interracial casting, and special effects.

She was artistic director and a co-founder of Solax Studios in Flushing, New York. In 1912, Solax invested $100,000 ($3.34 million in 2025) for a new studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey, the center of American filmmaking prior to the establishment of Hollywood. That year, she made the film A Fool and His Money, probably the first to have an all-African-American cast. The film is now preserved at the National Center for Film and Video Preservation at the American Film Institute for its historical and aesthetic significance.

Anthony Slide
Anthony Slide (born 7 November 1944) is an English writer who has produced more than seventy books and edited a further 150 on the history of popular entertainment. He wrote a "letter from Hollywood" for the British Film Review magazine from 1979 to 1994, and he wrote a monthly book review column for Classic Images from 1989 to 2001. He is a member of the editorial board of the American Film Institute Catalog.
Jako (song)
"Jako" (Armenian: Ժակո, pronounced [ʒɑˈkɔ] ⓘ) is a song by French-Armenian world music duo Ladaniva. The song was originally released on 29 September 2023 on the duo's debut self-titled album as a track, and was written by Audrey Leclercq, Jaklin Baghdasaryan, and Louis Thomas. It represented Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024, where it placed in 8th at the grand final with 183 points.

Arthur Manukyan
Arthur Manukyan (Armenian: Արթուր Մանուկյան; born July 4, 1985) is an Armenian director and producer, best known for producing and directing music videos of Armenian singers. He also directed dozens of television projects and events.
Image stitching
Image stitching or photo stitching is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high-resolution image. Commonly performed through the use of computer software, most approaches to image stitching require nearly exact overlaps between images and identical exposures to produce seamless results, although some stitching algorithms actually benefit from differently exposed images by doing high-dynamic-range imaging in regions of overlap. Some digital cameras can stitch their photos internally.

Compositing
Compositing is the process or technique of combining visual elements from separate sources into single images, often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene. Live-action shooting for compositing is variously called "chroma key", "blue screen", "green screen" and other names. Today, most compositing is achieved through digital image manipulation. Pre-digital compositing techniques, however, go back as far as the trick films of Georges Méliès in the late 19th century, and some are still in use.
Passive radar
Passive radar (also referred to as parasitic radar, passive coherent location, passive surveillance, and passive covert radar) is a class of radar systems that detect and track objects by processing reflections from non-cooperative sources of illumination in the environment, such as commercial broadcast and communications signals.  It is a specific case of bistatic radar – passive bistatic radar (PBR) – which is a broad type also including the exploitation of cooperative and non-cooperative radar transmitters.

VERA passive sensor
The VERA passive surveillance ESM system (known as Věra in Czech) is an electronic support measures (ESM) system that uses measurements of the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of pulses at three or four sites to accurately detect and track airborne emitters. The system is manufactured by ERA a.s., based in Pardubice.
Ruahara
Ruahara is an islet in Penrhyn Atoll (Tongareva) in the Cook Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean. Ruahara is on the northern edge of the atoll, between Takuua and Painko. The island was once inhabited and contains two marae, Te Tohi and Sivalau.

Penrhyn atoll
Penrhyn (also called Tongareva, Māngarongaro, Hararanga, and Te Pitaka) is an atoll in the northern group of the Cook Islands in the south Pacific Ocean. The northernmost island in the group, it is located at 1,365 km (848 mi) north-north-east of the capital island of Rarotonga, 9 degrees south of the equator. Its nearest neighbours are Rakahanga and Manihiki, approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi) to the southwest. Once one of the most heavily populated atolls, it was almost completely depopulated by Peruvian slavers in 1864.
Joe Green (American football)
Joseph David Green (born November 20, 1948) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back and return specialist for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Bowling Green Falcons, earing Mid-American Conference Defensive Player of the Year honors in 1969 as a senior. He was undrafted in 1970 and picked up that year by the Giants. Green played for the Giants for two seasons, and returned seven kickoffs for 132 yards. He started in two games on defense in 1971, and recorded the only touchdown of his pro career that year as he returned a fumble for a score against the Green Bay Packers. He is the father of former NFL player Barrett Green.

Barrett Green
Barrett Nicholas Green (born October 29, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the West Virginia Mountaineers and was selected in the second round (50th overall) by the Detroit Lions in the 2000 NFL draft.
Gloucestershire Volunteer Artillery
266 (Gloucestershire Volunteer Artillery) Battery Royal Artillery is a Royal Artillery unit of the British Army Reserve. It was first formed in Bristol in 1859 and served through the First World War as field artillery on the Western Front and in Italy. In the Second World War, it acted as anti-aircraft (AA) artillery. Reduced to a battery postwar, it has carried out a number of roles. At present, the battery fields the L118 in the offensive support role.

Berkshire Royal Horse Artillery
The Berkshire Royal Horse Artillery was a Territorial Force Royal Horse Artillery battery that was formed in Berkshire in 1908.  It saw active service during the First World War in the Middle East, notably at Aden and in particular in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, from 1915 to 1918.  A second line battery, 2/1st Berkshire RHA, served on the Western Front in 1917 and 1918 as part of an Army Field Artillery Brigade.  After the Armistice, it was reconstituted as a Royal Field Artillery battery of the Territorial Army (TA), later being expanded into a full heavy anti-aircraft (HAA) regiment that served during the Second World War in the Battle of Britain and Blitz, in the assault landings in North Africa (Operation Torch), Sicily (Operation Husky) and Italy (Operation Avalanche). Postwar, it continued in the TA until 1968.
British Academy Television Craft Award for Best Director: Fiction
The British Academy Television Craft Award for Best Director: Fiction is one of the categories presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) within the British Academy Television Craft Awards, the craft awards were established in 2000 with their own, separate ceremony as a way to spotlight technical achievements, without being overshadowed by the main production categories.

In 2006 and 2007 there was only on category for directors but in 2008 the category was split in three separate categories to recognize directing for different programming, first creating Best Director: Factual and Best Director: Fiction and then in 2011 Best Director: Multi-Camera.

British Academy Television Craft Award for Best Director: Multi-Camera
The British Academy Television Craft Award for Best Director: Multi-Camera is one of the categories presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) within the British Academy Television Craft Awards, the craft awards were established in 2000 with their own, separate ceremony as a way to spotlight technical achievements, without being overshadowed by the main production categories.

In 2006 and 2007 there was only on category for directors but in 2008 the category was split in three separate categories to recognize directing for different programming, first creating Best Director: Factual and Best Director: Fiction and then in 2011, Best Director: Multi-Camera.
Drosa
Drosa (German pronunciation: [ˈdʁoːza]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Osternienburger Land.

Osternienburger Land
Osternienburger Land (German pronunciation: [ˌoːstɐˈniːnbʊʁɡɐ ˌlant]) is a municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2010 by the merger of the former municipalities Chörau, Diebzig, Dornbock, Drosa, Elsnigk, Großpaschleben, Kleinpaschleben, Libbesdorf, Micheln, Osternienburg, Reppichau, Trinum, Wulfen and Zabitz. These 14 former municipalities are now Ortschaften or municipal divisions of Osternienburger Land.
Atropisomer
Atropisomers are a kind of stereoisomer arising because of hindered rotation about a single bond, where energy differences due to steric strain or other contributors create a barrier to rotation that is high enough to allow for isolation of individual rotamers.
They occur naturally and are of occasional importance in pharmaceutical design. When the substituents are achiral, these conformers are enantiomers (atropoenantiomers), showing axial chirality; otherwise they are diastereomers (atropodiastereomers).

Biphenyl
Biphenyl (also known as diphenyl, phenylbenzene, 1,1′-biphenyl, lemonene or BP) is an organic compound that forms colorless  crystals.  Particularly in older literature, compounds containing the functional group consisting of biphenyl less one hydrogen (the site at which it is attached) may use the prefixes xenyl or diphenylyl.

It has a distinctively pleasant smell. Biphenyl is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular formula (C6H5)2. It is notable as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were once widely used as dielectric fluids and heat transfer agents.

Biphenyl is also an intermediate for the production of a host of other organic compounds such as emulsifiers, optical brighteners, crop protection products, and plastics. Biphenyl is insoluble in water, but soluble in typical organic solvents. The biphenyl molecule consists of two connected phenyl rings.
Nesiarchus nasutus
Nesiarchus nasutus, the black gemfish or violet snake mackerel, is a species of snake mackerel found in tropical and subtropical waters in most parts of the world, though not in east Pacific and north Indian waters.  It occurs at depths of from 200 to 1,200 metres (660 to 3,940 ft) though they make diel vertical migrations from benthopelagic to mesopelagic depths at night.  This species can reach a length of 130 centimetres (51 in) SL though most do not exceed 80 centimetres (31 in) SL.  It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries.  This species is currently the only known member of its genus, Nesiarchus.

Gempylidae
The Gempylidae are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes commonly known as snake mackerels or escolars. The family includes about 25 species.

They are elongated fishes with a similar appearance to barracudas, having a long dorsal fin, usually with one or finlets trailing it. The largest species, including the snoek (Leionura atun), grow up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long, and the oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) can reach 3 m (9.8 ft), though they rarely surpass 150 cm (59 in). Like the barracudas, they are predators, with fang-like teeth.
Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization
The Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization (PLATO) is a U.S. non-profit membership organization established in 2010 by a committee of the American Philosophical Association to promote philosophy to K-12 students. An advocate for the Philosophy for Children movement, PLATO became an independent 501(c)(3) organization in 2012 and merged with the Center for Philosophy for Children in Seattle in 2022. As a member of the UNESCO Chair program "Practices of Philosophy with Children," PLATO maintains affiliations with the University of Nantes and the University of Washington, as well as other institutions.

American Philosophical Association
The American Philosophical Association (APA) is the main professional organization for philosophers in the United States.  Founded in 1900, its mission is to promote the exchange of ideas among philosophers, to encourage creative and scholarly activity in philosophy, to facilitate the professional work and teaching of philosophers, and to represent philosophy as a discipline. The APA's governance has included Robert Audi, Jaegwon Kim and Ruth Barcan Marcus.