hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rank of an abelian group
In mathematics, the rank, Prüfer rank, or torsion-free rank of an abelian group A is the cardinality of a maximal linearly independent subset. The rank of A determines the size of the largest free abelian group contained in A. If A is torsion-free then it embeds into a vector space over the rational numbers of dimension rank A. For finitely generated abelian groups, rank is a strong invariant and every such group is determined up to isomorphism by its rank and torsion subgroup. Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 have been completely classified. However, the theory of abelian groups of higher rank is more involved.

The term rank has a different meaning in the context of elementary abelian groups.

Finitely generated abelian group
In abstract algebra, an abelian group  is called finitely generated if there exist finitely many elements  in  such that every  in  can be written in the form  for some integers . In this case, we say that the set  is a generating set of  or that  generate . So, finitely generated abelian groups can be thought of as a generalization of cyclic groups.

Every finite abelian group is finitely generated. The finitely generated abelian groups can be completely classified.
Ordizia
Ordizia, formerly known as Villafranca de Ordizia, is a town and municipality located in the Goierri region of the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, northern Spain.

The professional cycle road race Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia is held yearly in Ordizia.

Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia
Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia – Clásica de Ordizia is a Spanish professional cycle road race held in Ordizia, Basque Country. The first edition was held in 1922. Since 2005, the race has been organized as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.
Avram Iancu
Avram Iancu (Romanian: [aˈvram ˈjaŋku]; 1824 – 10 September 1872) was a Transylvanian Romanian lawyer who played an important role in the local chapter of the Austrian Empire Revolutions of 1848–1849. He was especially active in the Țara Moților region and the Apuseni Mountains. The rallying of peasants around him, as well as the allegiance he paid to the Habsburg monarchy, earned him the moniker Crăișorul Munților ("The Prince of the Mountains").

Nicolae Bălcescu
Nicolae Bălcescu (Romanian pronunciation: [nikoˈla.e bəlˈt͡ʃesku]) (29 June 1819 – 29 November 1852) was a Romanian Wallachian soldier, historian, journalist, and leader of the 1848 Wallachian Revolution.
Dukinfield Junction
Dukinfield Junction (grid reference SJ933984) is the name of the canal junction where the Peak Forest Canal, the Ashton Canal and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal meet near Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, England. The area has been designated by Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council as a conservation area.

It is adjacent to Portland Basin, and the names are often used as synonyms by boaters, whilst locals refer only to Portland Basin. Strictly speaking, Portland Basin is the wide area on the main line of the canal. The arm under the junction bridge and the aqueduct over the River Tame were built by the Ashton Canal, and the junction with the Peak Forest canal was historically at the southern end of the aqueduct.

Peak Forest Canal
The Peak Forest Canal is a narrow (7-foot (2.13 m) gauge) locked artificial waterway in northern England. It is 14.8 miles (23.8 km) long and forms part of the connected English/Welsh inland waterway network.
Noriaki Yuasa
Noriaki Yuasa (湯浅 憲明, Yuasa Noriaki) (28 September 1933 – 14 June 2004) was a Japanese director. Yuasa was the main director of the Japanese film series Gamera; he directed seven of the first eight films in the series while also providing special effects for one of them, and became known as the "Father of Gamera" (Japanese: ガメラの父, Hepburn: Gamera no Chichi). The series was created by Daiei Film Studios after the box office success of the Toho Godzilla series. Yuasa's post-Daiei career for television dramas marks him as one of the best hitmakers among the domestic television industry during the 1970s.

Nezura 1964
Nezura 1964 (ネズラ1964, Nezura Ichikyūrokuyon) is a 2020 Japanese crowdfunded kaiju biopic film directed by Hiroto Yokokawa. The film was based on Daiei Film's unfinished 1964 Gamera precursor Giant Horde Beast Nezura (jp) and stars Yukijirō Hotaru as a character based on the president of Daiei, Mai Saitō, Mach Fumiake, and Shirō Sano. Yokokawa later reused its props for a 2021 short film Yatsuashi (Japanese: ヤツアシ), which was based on Giant Sea Demon Dagora (Japanese: 大海魔ダゴラ, Hepburn: Daikaima Dagora), a scrapped Daiei film before Giant Horde Beast Nezura.
Mouding County
Mouding County (Chinese: 牟定县; pinyin: Móudìng Xiàn; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA: /mɯ21 di33 bu33/) is located in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China. It borders Lufeng, Yunnan to the east, Chuxiong City to the south, Nanhua County and Yao'an County to the west, and Dayao County and Yuanmou County to the north.

Lufeng, Yunnan
Lufeng (simplified Chinese: 禄丰; traditional Chinese: 祿豐; pinyin: Lùfēng; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA：/lu21 bə33 lu21/) is a county-level city located in Yunnan province, China, administered as a part of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture.
Violin Sonatas (Grieg)
Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg wrote three violin sonatas. They are all examples of his musical nationalism, since they all contain references or similarities to Norwegian folk song. Grieg wrote the sonatas between 1865 and 1887.

Violin Sonata No. 1 in F major, Op. 8 was written in Copenhagen in 1865.

Violin Sonata No. 2 in G major, Op. 13 was written in Oslo (then Christiania) in 1867.

Violin Sonata No. 3 in C minor, Op. 45 was completed while Grieg was living in Troldhaugen in 1887.

G major
G major is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯. Its key signature has one sharp.  Its relative minor is E minor and its parallel minor is G minor.

The G major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Cray House (Stevensville, Maryland)
The Cray House is a two-room house in Stevensville, Maryland.  Built around 1809, it is a rare surviving example of post-and-plank construction, and of a build of small house which once dominated the local landscape. For these reasons it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Stevensville, Maryland
Stevensville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States, and is the county's most populous place among both CDPs and municipalities. The community is the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. The Stevensville Historic District is one of two registered historic districts in the county, the other being the Centreville Historic District.
Saint-Maurice—Champlain
Saint-Maurice–Champlain (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ mɔʁis ʃɑ̃plɛ̃]) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

It consists of:

the City of Shawinigan;

the Regional County Municipality of Le Haut-Saint-Maurice, including Communauté de Wemotaci Indian Reserve, Coucoucache Indian Reserve No. 24A and Obedjiwan Indian Reserve No. 28; and

the regional county municipalities of Les Chenaux and Mékinac.

The neighbouring ridings are Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou, Lac-Saint-Jean, Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, Trois-Rivières, Berthier—Maskinongé, Joliette, Laurentides—Labelle, and Pontiac.

Berthier—Maskinongé
Berthier—Maskinongé (French pronunciation: [bɛʁtje maskinɔ̃ʒe]; formerly known as Berthier and Berthier—Maskinongé—Lanaudière) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1953, from 1968 to 1988, and since 2004. Its population in 2001 was 103,516.
Namino, Kumamoto
Namino (波野村, Namino-son) was a village located in Aso District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,700 and a population density of 23.82 persons per km2. The total area was 71.36 km2.

On February 11, 2005, Namino, along with the towns of Aso (former) and Ichinomiya (all from Aso District), was merged to create the city of Aso and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Aso, Kumamoto
Aso (阿蘇市, Aso-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.so, a.soꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2024, the city had an estimated population of 24,240 in 11741 households, and a  population density of 64 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 376.30 km2 (145.29 sq mi).
Phas Gaye Re Obama
Phas Gaye Re Obama (transl. Obama, we are trapped!) is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language satirical black comedy film written and directed by Subhash Kapoor. The film stars Rajat Kapoor, Neha Dhupia, Sanjay Mishra, Manu Rishi and Amole Gupte in the lead roles. The music and background score was composed by Manish. J. Tipu and the lyrics were penned by Shellee and Gopal Tiwari. The film was released on 3 December 2010. It was produced by Revel Films and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. Phas Gaye Re Obama is a comedy set against the backdrop of a global recession/meltdown that originated in the US.

It was released to positive reviews. The film was remade in Telugu as Sankarabharanam.

Sankarabharanam (2015 film)
Sankarabharanam is a 2015 Indian Telugu-language crime comedy film directed by Uday Nandanavanam and written by Kona Venkat. It stars Nikhil Siddharth, Nanditha Raj and Anjali in the lead roles. It is produced by MVV Sathyanarayana under the Banner MVV Cinema. The music is composed by Praveen Lakkaraju and cinematography is by Sai Sriram and the film editing by Chota K. Prasad. The film was a remake of 2010 Hindi film Phas Gaye Re Obama.
Scaliger Tombs
The Scaliger Tombs (Italian: Arche scaligere) is a group of five Gothic funerary monuments in Verona, Italy, celebrating the Scaliger family, who ruled in Verona from the 13th to the late 14th century.

The tombs are located in a court outside the church of Santa Maria Antica, separated from the street by a wall with iron grilles.  Built in Gothic style, they are a series of tombs, mostly freestanding open tabernacle-like structures rising high above the ground, with a sarcophagus surmounted by an elaborate baldachin, topped by a statue of the deceased, mounted and wearing armour. According to the French historian Georges Duby, they are one of the most outstanding examples of Gothic art.

Scaliger
The House of Della Scala, whose members were known as Scaligeri (Italian: [skaˈliːdʒeri]) or Scaligers (/ˈskælɪdʒərz/), was the ruling family of Verona and mainland Veneto (except for Venice) from 1262 to 1387, for a total of 125 years.
Hastings District, New Zealand
Hastings District is a territorial authority district within the Hawke's Bay region, on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It includes the southern half of the Hawke Bay coast, excluding Napier City, which is under a separate territorial authority. Hastings District Council is headquartered in the city of Hastings, the district's largest town.

The district has an area of 5,227 square kilometres. The population was 88,300 as of June 2025, which is 1.7% of the population of New Zealand, ranking it tenth in population size out of the seventy-four territorial authorities. This comprises 49,800 people in the Hastings urban area, 15,000 people in the Havelock North urban area, 2,040 people in the Clive urban area, and 21,460 people in rural areas and settlements.

Mayor Sandra Hazlehurst was elected in a by-election in 2017, and re-elected in the 2019 election.

Hastings District Council
Hastings District Council (Māori: Te Kaunihera ā-Rohe o Heretaunga) is the territorial authority for the Hastings District of New Zealand.

The council covers the urban areas of Havelock North, Hastings and Flaxmere, and the surrounding settlements of Clive, Te Awanga, Haumoana and Waimarama. It was formed in 1989, through the merger of Hastings City Council, Havelock North Borough Council and the Hawke's Bay County Council.

The council is led by the mayor of Hastings, who is currently Wendy Schollum.
Tawny fish owl
The tawny fish owl (Ketupa flavipes) is a fish owl species in the family known as typical owls, Strigidae. It is native from southern Nepal to Bangladesh, Vietnam and China and Bhutan. Due to its wide geographical distribution, it is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

Ketupa
Ketupa is a genus of owls in the family Strigidae. The genus formerly contained just three species, the fish owls but based on the results from a genetic study published in 2020, the generic boundaries were altered. The genus now contains twelve species, nine of which were formerly placed in the genus Bubo.
Matthew 3:4
Matthew 3:4 is the fourth verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse occurs in the section introducing John the Baptist with this verse describing his clothing and diet.

Matthew 3
Matthew 3 is the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It is the first chapter dealing with the ministry of Jesus, with events taking place some three decades after the close of the infancy narrative related in the previous two chapters. The focus of this chapter is on the preaching of John the Baptist and the Baptism of Jesus.

For the first time since Matthew 1:1 there are clear links with the Gospel of Mark. Many scholars are certain that a good portion of this chapter is a reworking of Mark 1. The chapter also parallels Luke 3, also believed to be based on Mark 1. A number of passages shared by Luke and Matthew, but not found in Mark, are commonly ascribed to the hypothetical source 'Q'.
Jerry M. Hughes Athletics Center
The Jerry M. Hughes Athletics Center is a 6,500 seat multi-purpose arena in Warrensburg, Missouri, United States, on the campus of the University of Central Missouri.  It was built in 1976, and is the home of the Central Missouri Mules and Jennies men's and women's basketball, women's volleyball, and indoor track teams. With a listed seating capacity of 6,500 seats, it is one of the largest arenas by seating capacity in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association. The building, originally known as the UCM Multipurpose Building, was renamed in August 2023 for longtime athletic director Jerry Hughes.

University of Central Missouri
The University of Central Missouri (UCM) is a public university in Warrensburg, Missouri, United States.

In 2024, enrollment was 13,734 students from 48 states and 52 countries on its 1,561-acre campus. UCM offers 150 programs of study, including 10 pre-professional programs, 27 areas of teacher certification, and 37 graduate programs.
Bolshaya Ussurka
The Bolshaya Ussurka (Russian: Большая Уссурка, literally: "Great Ussuri") is a river in the Russian Far East in Primorsky Krai. It is a right tributary of the Ussuri, which it meets near Dalnerechensk, some 357 km from the mouth of the Ussuri.

The area of the Bolshaya Ussurka drainage basin is approximately 29,600 square kilometres (11,400 sq mi). It is 440 kilometres (270 mi) long. The river was known as "Iman" (Иман) until the 1972 Renaming of geographical sites in the Russian Far East.

The major tributaries of the Bolshaya Ussurka are the rivers Malinovka, Marevka, Naumovka and Armu.

Malinovka (Primorsky Krai)
The Malinovka (Russian: Малиновка, formerly Вака Vaka or Ваку Vaku) is a river in Primorsky Krai, Russia, a left tributary of the Bolshaya Ussurka.

The area of the Malinovka drainage basin is approximately 6,490 square kilometres (2,510 sq mi). The river is 274 kilometres (170 mi) long. The average depth of the river is 0.8 to 2.0 metres (2.6 to 6.6 ft). The difference in elevation from source to mouth is 784 metres.

There are three hydrologic posts on the river near villages Ariadnoye, Rakitnoye and Vedenka. The longest tributary of the Malinovka is the Orekhovka, 80 kilometres (50 mi) long.
The Salterton Trilogy
The Salterton Trilogy consists of the first three novels by Canadian novelist Robertson Davies: Tempest-Tost (1951), Leaven of Malice (1954), and A Mixture of Frailties (1958). The series was also published in one volume as The Salterton Trilogy in 1986.

The trilogy revolves around the residents of the imaginary town of Salterton, Ontario. Salterton is a fictionalized Kingston, Ontario.

Davies was awarded the Stephen Leacock Award for Humour in 1955 for Leaven of Malice.

A Mixture of Frailties
A Mixture of Frailties, published by Macmillan in 1958, is the third novel in The Salterton Trilogy by Canadian novelist Robertson Davies. The other two novels are Tempest-Tost (1951) and Leaven of Malice (1954). The series was also published in one volume as The Salterton Trilogy in 1986.

The trilogy revolves around the residents of the imaginary town of Salterton, Ontario which bears some resemblance to Kingston where Davies studied at Queen's University.  Each book focuses on different protagonists but includes some characters from other books.
Stacelynn Kehaulani Eli
Stacelynn Kehaulani Eli is an American politician who was the Hawaii state representative in Hawaii's 43rd district from 2018 to 2022. She won the seat after incumbent Republican Andria Tupola decided to run for Governor of Hawaii. Her Republican opponent in the 2018 election, Sailau Timoteo, was disqualified from the general election ballot after it was discovered that she was not a United States citizen.

Eli's family has lived on the Nanakuli Homestead since the 1930s. A fifth-generation Nanakuli resident, she graduated from Nanakuli High and Intermediate School and has served on the Neighborhood Board and the board for the Nanakuli High and Intermediate Performing Arts Center.

Eli has also worked as a legislative aide for then-state Representative Lynn DeCoite (D, Lanai-Molokai-Paia-Hana), former state Senator Brickwood Galuteria (D, Kakaako-McCully-Waikiki), and former state Representative Karen Awana.

Andria Tupola
Andria Pilialoha Lagimanino Tupola (born December 6, 1980) is an American politician and member of the Honolulu City Council, representing the 1st district since January 2021. She was a Republican member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from 2014 to 2018, representing District 43 (Māʻili, Nānākuli, Ko Olina, Honokai Hale, Kalaeloa, Ewa). In 2015, Tupola served as the minority floor leader for one year. She served as the state house minority leader, making her the first Samoan woman to serve in that position. In 2018, Tupola was the Republican nominee for Governor of Hawaii. She garnered 33% of the vote and lost to incumbent Democrat David Ige.
Sokolsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Sokolsky District (Russian: Соко́льский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Sokolsky Urban Okrug. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,981.4 square kilometers (765.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Sokolskoye. Population: 14,139 (2010 Census);  16,137 (2002 Census); 19,559 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sokolskoye accounts for 44.9% of the district's total population.

Sokolskoye, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Sokolskoye (Russian: Соко́льское) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sokolsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:  6,344 (2010 Census); 6,683 (2002 Census); 7,222 (1989 Soviet census).
Maple Street Cemetery
Maple Street Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Maple Street in Adams, Massachusetts.  Established about 1760, it is the town's oldest cemetery, serving as a burying ground for its early Quaker settlers, as well as for some of its prominent 19th-century citizens. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Adams, Massachusetts
Adams is a town in northern Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 8,166 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name.
Local Election Commissions (Albania)
Local Election Commission of Albania (Albanian: Komisioni Zonal i Administrimit të Zgjedhjeve, abbreviated as KZAZ) are the local KQZ in Albania. They are used as local voting districts. Votes are counted by the KZAZ.

Central Election Commission (Albania)
The Central Election Commission (Albanian: Komisioni Qëndror i Zgjedhjeve), abbreviated in English as CEC and in Albanian as KQZ, is the permanent, independent, non-partisan election commission responsible for conducting parliamentary and local elections in the Republic of Albania. It also regulates and oversees political parties, coalitions, government bodies, and the media to ensure electoral laws are upheld. It is regulated by and beholden to the Electoral Code.

The commission is made up of 4 separate bodies: the Commissioner, the Deputy Commissioner, the Regulatory Commission (KRR), and the Commission for Complaints and Sanctions (KAS).
Diocese of Sheffield
53°22′55″N 1°28′12″W﻿ / ﻿53.382°N 1.470°W﻿ / 53.382; -1.470

The Diocese of Sheffield is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York.

The Diocese of Sheffield was created under George V on 23 January 1914, by the division from the Diocese of York (along with that part of the Diocese of Southwell in the city of Sheffield). It covers most of the County of South Yorkshire (except Barnsley), with a small part of the East Riding of Yorkshire, one parish in North Yorkshire and one in North Lincolnshire – an area of almost 576 square miles (1,490 km2).  It is headed by the Bishop of Sheffield and its Cathedral is Sheffield Cathedral.

The diocese has been linked with the Diocese of Argentina of the Anglican Church of South America since 1993 and the Hattingen-Witten District in Westphalia of the Protestant Church in Germany since 1990.

Diocese of York
The Diocese of York is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York. It covers the city of York, the eastern part of North Yorkshire, and most of the East Riding of Yorkshire.

The diocese is headed by the archbishop of York and its cathedral is York Minster. The diocese is divided into three archdeaconries of Cleveland in the north (with a Bishop of Whitby), the East Riding (with a Bishop of Hull), and in the south-west the Archdeaconry of York (with a bishop of Selby).

The diocese was once much larger, covering Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire and parts of Northumberland, Lancashire, Cumberland and Westmorland.
Loughborough High School
Loughborough High School is an independent school for girls in Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It is one of five independent schools known collectively as the Loughborough Schools Foundation (LSF), Loughborough Grammar School for boys, Fairfield Preparatory School and Loughborough Amherst School, and the newly founded Loughborough Nursery. All five of the  Schools are autonomous, and yet they share the same vision and educational ethos, supported by a united board of governors. Founded on 11 March 1850, it is believed to be one of the  country's oldest independent schools for girls.

Dorothy Hartley
Dorothy Rosaman Hartley (4 October 1893 – 22 October 1985) was an English social historian, illustrator, and author. Daughter of a clergyman, she studied art, which she later taught. Her interest in history led her into writing. Among her books are six volumes of The Life and Work of the People of England, covering six centuries of English history.

She is best known as the author of the book Food in England, which has had a strong influence on many contemporary cooks and food writers. Delia Smith called it "A classic book without a worthy successor – a must for any keen English cook." It combines an historical perspective on its subject with the practical approach of an experienced cook. It has remained in print ever since its publication in 1954.