hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Super Panavision 70
Super Panavision 70 is the marketing brand name used to identify movies photographed with Panavision 70 mm spherical optics between 1959 and 1983. It has since been replaced by Panavision System 65.

Ultra Panavision 70 was similar to Super Panavision 70, though Ultra Panavision lenses were anamorphic, which allowed for a significantly wider aspect ratio. However, Ultra Panavision 70 was extremely rare and has only been used on a handful of films since its inception.

Far and Away
Far and Away is a 1992 American epic Western romantic adventure drama film directed by Ron Howard from a screenplay by Bob Dolman and a story by Howard and Dolman. It stars Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman. This was the last cinematography credit for Mikael Salomon before he moved on to a directing career.  The music score was by John Williams. It was screened out of competition at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.

Cruise and Kidman, who were married at the time, play Irish immigrants seeking their fortune in the 1890s America, eventually taking part in the Land Run of 1893.

This was Cyril Cusack's final film before his death the following year.
Fred Coe
Frederick Hayden Hughs Coe (December 23, 1914 – April 29, 1979) was an American television producer and director most famous for The Goodyear Television Playhouse/The Philco Television Playhouse in 1948-1955 and Playhouse 90 from 1957 to 1959. Among the live TV dramas he produced were Marty and The Trip to Bountiful for Goodyear/Philco, Peter Pan for Producers' Showcase, and Days of Wine and Roses for Playhouse 90.

Days of Wine and Roses (Playhouse 90)
"Days of Wine and Roses" was a 1958 American teleplay by JP Miller which dramatized the problems of alcoholism. John Frankenheimer directed the cast headed by Cliff Robertson, Piper Laurie and Charles Bickford.
The Redfern Gallery
The Redfern Gallery is an exhibition space in the West End of London specialising in contemporary British art. It was founded by Arthur Knyvett-Lee and Anthony Maxtone Graham in 1923 as an artists' cooperative on the top floor of Redfern House, 27 Old Bond Street, and in 1936 moved to nearby 20 Cork Street.

Anthony Maxtone Graham
Anthony J. O. Maxtone Graham (1900–1971) was the 16th Laird of Culloquhey and 9th Laird of Redgorton and the co-founder of The Redfern Gallery in London in 1923.

A painting of Maxtone Graham by Daniel A. Wehrschmidt is in the City of Edinburgh Council art collection.
Who (pronoun)
The English pronoun who is an interrogative pronoun and a relative pronoun, used primarily to refer to persons.

Unmarked, who is the pronoun's subjective form; its inflected forms are the objective whom and the possessive whose. The set has derived indefinite forms whoever, whomever, and whoseever, as well as a further, earlier such set whosoever, whomsoever, and whosesoever (see also -ever).

English interrogative words
In English, the interrogative words (sometimes known as "wh words") may be divided into those associated with asking open-ended questions (how, what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, and why, all of which also have -ever forms, e.g., whatever) and those associated with asking closed-ended questions (whether and if).

The main role of these words is to mark a clause as interrogative. For example, How did you do it? is marked as an interrogative clause by the presence of how, and in I wonder whether it's true, whether marks the subordinate clause whether it's true as interrogative.
Chatino languages
Chatino is a group of indigenous Mesoamerican languages. These languages are a branch of the Zapotecan family within the Oto-Manguean language family. They are natively spoken by 45,000 Chatino people, 
whose communities are located in the southern portion of the Mexican state of Oaxaca.

The Chatinos have close cultural and linguistic ties with the Zapotec people, whose languages form the other branch of the Zapotecan language family. Chatinos call their language chaqꟳ tnyaᴶ. Chatino is recognized as a national language in Mexico.

Zapotecan languages
The Zapotecan languages are a group of related Oto-Manguean languages which descend from the common Proto-Zapotecan language spoken by the Zapotec people during the era of the dominance of Monte Albán.
Blood Money (1933 film)
Blood Money is a 1933 American Pre-Code crime drama film directed by Rowland Brown about a crooked bail bondsman named Bill Bailey, played by George Bancroft, with Chick Chandler as crime boss Drury Darling, Judith Anderson, in her film debut, as Drury's sister and Bailey's lover, and Frances Dee as a thrill-seeking, larcenous beauty who fatefully catches Bailey's eye. The film was considered to be lost for nearly forty years before reappearing.

George Bancroft (actor)
George Bancroft (September 30, 1882 – October 2, 1956) was an American 
film actor, whose career spanned seventeen years from 1925 to 1942. A star of pre-Code Hollywood, he is best known as the tough guy lead in four Josef von Sternberg films, the last of which, Thunderbolt (1929) earned him a Best Actor Award nomination. He was later a supporting actor in a number of notable movies, including Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) and Stagecoach (1939).
Behold, We Live
Behold, We Live is a 1932 play by the British writer John Van Druten. It had an original West End run of 158 performances at St James's Theatre in London between 16 August and 31 December 1932. It was produced by Gilbert Miller. The cast included Gerald du Maurier, Gertrude Lawrence, May Whitty, Ronald Ward and Everley Gregg.

John Van Druten
John William Van Druten (1 June 1901 – 19 December 1957) was an English playwright and theatre director. He began his career in London, and later moved to America, becoming a U.S. citizen. He was known for his plays of witty and urbane observations of contemporary life and society.
1968 Casiguran earthquake
The 1968 Casiguran earthquake occurred on 04:19:22 local time on August 2 with a moment magnitude of 7.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The thrust earthquake's epicenter was in Casiguran, Quezon (now part of Aurora province). A small non-destructive tsunami was generated and at least 207 people were killed. The majority of the deaths occurred in the collapse of a six-story building in Manila.

Casiguran, Aurora
Casiguran [ˌkaːsɪˈguːɾan], officially the Municipality of Casiguran (Tagalog/Kasiguranin: Bayan ng Casiguran; Ilocano: Ili ti Casiguran), is a  municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 26,855 people.

The municipality is home to the Amro River Protected Landscape.

According to folk legend, the name Casiguran was obtained from the Ilocano term Sigod which means "edge" or "maximum", which is due to the location of the Municipality at the northern edge of Aurora Province. (Another translation & definition of sigod is "soon" or "early") Another legend says that if an unmarried stranger comes to the place, he unavoidably falls in love and marries and most of the time stays for good. The affixation of sigod when converting it to a noun is kasigudan, from which the Hispanized pronunciation "Casiguran" is derived.
Penitence of Origen
The Penitence of Origen is a text in the New Testament apocrypha, thought to have been falsely attributed to Origen of Alexandria. Not to be confused with Origen's text Selecta in Threnos (also named Origen on Lamentations), it is a Lamentation purporting to have been cried by Origen himself.

Jodocus Coccius quotes from it (mistakenly attributing it to Selecta in Threnos):

I will begin to throw myself upon my knees, and pray to all the saints to come to my aid; for I do not dare, in consequence of my excess of wickedness, to call upon God. O Saints of God, you I pray with weeping full of grief, that ye would propitiate his mercies for me miserable. Alas me! Father Abraham, pray for me, that I be not driven from thy bosom, which I greatly long for, and yet not worthily, because of the greatness of my sins

The text has an affinity with the prayer used before communion, sometimes known as the Mea Culpa.

The work was declared apocryphal and rejected in the Decretum Gelasianum.

Bosom of Abraham
The Bosom of Abraham refers to the place of comfort in the biblical Sheol (or Hades in the Greek Septuagint version of the Hebrew scriptures from around 200 BC, and therefore so described in the New Testament) where the righteous dead await redemption.

The phrase and concept are found in both Judaism and Christian religions and religious art.
Adventures of a Dentist
Adventures of a Dentist (Russian: Похождения зубного врача, romanized: Pokhozhdyeniya zubnovo vracha) is a 1965 Soviet dark comedy film directed by Elem Klimov on Mosfilm.  It is currently available to view through the Criterion Channel, and is occasionally screened at film festivals.

A dentist is derided (and nearly has his life ruined) by his jealous colleagues for his natural talent of painlessly pulling out teeth.

Elem Klimov
Elem Germanovich Klimov (Russian: Элем Германович Климов; 9 July 1933 – 26 October 2003) was a Soviet and Russian filmmaker. He studied at the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography, and was married to film director Larisa Shepitko. Klimov is best known for his final film, Come and See (Иди и смотри), which follows a teenage boy in German-occupied Byelorussia during World War Two and which received universal acclaim. His work also includes black comedies, children's movies, and period dramas.
DNA polymerase III holoenzyme
DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the primary enzyme complex involved in prokaryotic DNA replication. It was discovered by Thomas Kornberg (son of Arthur Kornberg) and Malcolm Gefter in 1970. The complex has high processivity (i.e. the number of nucleotides added per binding event) and, specifically referring to the replication of the E.coli genome, works in conjunction with four other DNA polymerases (Pol I, Pol II, Pol IV, and Pol V).  Being the primary holoenzyme involved in replication activity, the DNA Pol III holoenzyme also has proofreading capabilities that corrects replication mistakes by means of exonuclease activity reading 3'→5' and synthesizing 5'→3'. DNA Pol III is a component of the replisome, which is located at the replication fork.

Thomas B. Kornberg
Thomas Bill Kornberg is an American biochemist who was the first person to purify and characterise DNA polymerase II and DNA polymerase III. He is currently a professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco, and is working on Drosophila melanogaster development.

Kornberg's father was Arthur Kornberg (1918–2007), winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine, and his older brother is Roger D. Kornberg (born 1947), winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His mother was biochemist Sylvy Kornberg.
Frederick Perrin
Frederick Perrin (5 December 1815 – 27 January 1889) was an American chess master.

Perrin was born in London, Great Britain and was descended from a Swiss family. He went to the United States in 1845. He played twice in the American Chess Congress at New York 1857 (Paul Morphy won) and Chicago 1874 (George Henry Mackenzie won). He participated several times in the New York Chess Club Tournament, winning in 1859.

Perrin had been a professor of languages at Princeton College. He had mastered French and German alongside English. In the 1850s he was president of the New York Chess Club.  In later years he was an honorary member of the Brooklyn Chess Club where he defeated McKenzie in a game a few weeks before his death.  He died of pneumonia at home at the corner of Pacific Street and Flatbush Avenue after three-weeks of illness.  Reportedly his last words were "Doctor, I am puzzled over that last move of mine."

American Chess Congress
The American Chess Congress was a series of chess tournaments held in the United States, a predecessor to the current U.S. Chess Championship. It had nine editions, the first played in October 1857 and the last in August 1923.
Jaroslaw Padoch
Jaroslaw Padoch (in articles of the "Encyclopedia of Ukraine" as Yaroslav Padokh) (Ukrainian: Ярослав Миколайович Падох, December 14, 1908, Buchach, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, now Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine — August 28, 1998, New York City, United States) — was a Ukrainian Member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. He was President of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in the United States and President of the Shevchenko Scientific Society's World Council from 1982 to 1992.

He was buried at the cemetery of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle in South Bound Brook, New Jersey.

Jaroslaw Padoch had a wife Irena (née Germak) and two daughters: Maya Liteplo and Christine Padoch. Christine Padoch is the author of the book Migration and its alternatives among the Iban of Sarawak (1982) and other works on the anthropology of Borneo and Amazonia.

Shevchenko Scientific Society
The Shevchenko Scientific Society (Ukrainian: Наукове товариство імені Т.Шевченка в Україні, romanized: Naukóve tovarýstvo imeni T.Shevchénka v Ukraini), founded in 1873, is a Ukrainian scientific society devoted to the promotion of scholarly research and publication.

Unlike the government-funded National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the society is a public organization. It was reestablished in Ukraine in 1989 during the  fall of the Soviet Union, after being exiled from Ukraine since 1940. The society now has branches in several countries around the globe, such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and France.

The organisation is named after the famous Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure, Taras Shevchenko.
Guy of Ivrea
Guy (or Guido) (c. 940 – 25 June 965) was the margrave of Ivrea from 950 to his death. In 950, his father, King Berengar II of Italy, appointed him to rule in the familial margraviate. His mother was Willa of Tuscany, his elder brother was Adalbert II, co-king with their father, and their younger brother was Conrad.

In 959, Guy sheltered the exiled doge of Venice, Pietro III Candiano. Guy brought Pietro to his father the king and then the two of them led an expedition against Theobald II, Duke of Spoleto. He captured both Spoleto and Camerino.

In 962, when Adalbert returned from exile in Corsica to try to reclaim his throne. Guy and Conrad joined with him in besieging Pavia, the Italian capital. The brothers then retreated into the fortresses around Lakes Como and Garda. His lands were confiscated by the Emperor Otto I and given to Guy, Bishop of Modena.

Theobald II of Spoleto
Theobald II (923/925 – July 957/961 or 964) was the Duke of Spoleto and Margrave of Camerino from 953. He was the son of Boniface II of Spoleto and Waldrada.

In 959, Berengar and Guy of Ivrea led an expedition against Theobald. They defeated him and captured both Spoleto and Camerino.  Duke Theobald was deposed by Emperor Otto I around the year 964 because of his support for the deposed Pope John XII.The Chronicles of Farfa suggest that he was succeeded by Count Transmond of Camerino, but there are no documents attesting to this succession.  Instead it seems likely that Theobald was succeeded by Otto's loyal supporter Prince Pandulf I (Pandulf Ironhead).
Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant
The Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant  or Haripad Thermal Power Plant (also known as Rajiv Gandhi CCPP) is a combined cycle power plant located at shore of Kayamkulam Lake in Haripad which is Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. The power plant is owned by NTPC Limited. The power plant is fueled by imported and indigenous naphtha. Source of the cooling water is Achankovil river at Nalukettumkavala in Pallipad.

Kayamkulam Kayal
Kayamkulam Kayal, Kayamkulam Lake or Kayamkulam Estuary  is a shallow brackish water lagoon stretching between Panmana and Karthikapally. It has an outlet to the Arabian sea at Kayamkulam barrage. The Kayal used to be connected to the sea most of the time except during dry season when a bar like formation separates it from the sea. Now the bar has been opened up permanently for construction of Kayamkulam Fishing Harbor. Kayamkulam boat race is conducted in Kayamkulam Kayal. Kayamkulam Kayal is the third largest back water or kayal in Kerala.
Andrea Eckert
Andrea Eckert (born 17 September 1958) is an Austrian stage and film actress, singer and documentary filmmaker.

Born in Vienna, Eckert first studied literature in Paris, France, then decided on a stage career and trained with Dorothea Neff. Her roles have included the eponymous heroines in Hebbel's Judith, Schiller's Maria Stuart, Jelinek's Clara S., Sophocles's Elektra, Kleist's Penthesilea, and Maria Callas in Terrence McNally's Meisterklasse (Master Class).

Eckert has frequently appeared on television (for example in guest roles on Kommissar Rex) and in the cinema. She also made documentaries about Lucia Westerguard, Turhan Bey, and Leopold and Josefine Hawelka.

She lives in Vienna.

Turhan Bey
Turhan Bey (born Turhan Gilbert Selahattin Şahultavi, 30 March 1922 – 30 September 2012) was an Austrian-born actor of Turkish and Czech-Jewish origins. Active in Hollywood from 1941 to 1953, he was dubbed "The Turkish Delight" by his fans. After his return to Austria, he pursued careers as a photographer and stage director. Returning to Hollywood after a 40-year hiatus, he made several guest appearances in 1990s television series including SeaQuest DSV, Murder, She Wrote and Babylon 5 as well as a number of films. After retiring, he appeared in a number of documentaries, including a German-language documentary on his life.
1998 Nevada gubernatorial election
The 1998 Nevada gubernatorial election occurred on November 3, 1998. Incumbent Democrat Bob Miller was term limited. Republican nominee Kenny Guinn defeated Democratic nominee Jan Laverty Jones. This was the first open seat Nevada gubernatorial election since 1978, and the first time since then that a Republican was elected Governor of Nevada. This is also the last time a Democrat carried any county in a Gubernatorial election aside from Clark and Washoe.

Bob Miller (Nevada politician)
Robert Joseph Miller (born March 30, 1945) is an American former attorney and politician who served as the 26th governor of Nevada from 1989 to 1999. A member of the Democratic Party, he is Nevada's longest-serving governor. As of 2025, he is the last Democratic governor to be reelected, and is the most recent Nevada governor to have a lieutenant governor from the opposing party, having served with Republicans Sue Wagner and Lonnie Hammargren. Before ascending to the governorship, Miller was the 29th lieutenant governor of Nevada from 1987 to 1989.
Lee Creek Bridge (Natural Dam, Arkansas)
The Lee Creek Bridge in Natural Dam, Arkansas was a Pennsylvania through truss bridge that was built in 1934. It was a twin-span bridge with a total length of 587 feet (179 m), which carried Arkansas Highway 59 across Lee Creek. It rested on concrete piers and abutments, had a vertical clearance of 14 feet (4.3 m) and had a roadbed 22 feet (6.7 m) wide.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, at which time it was one of four surviving Pennsylvania through truss bridges in the state. Another bridge, in Van Buren, also crosses Lee Creek and is listed on the National Register.

This bridge was demolished and replaced in early 2018, and was removed from the National Register early in 2019.

Natural Dam, Arkansas
Natural Dam is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Arkansas, United States. Natural Dam is located on Arkansas Highway 59, 6 miles (9.7 km) north-northwest of Cedarville. Natural Dam has a post office with ZIP code 72948. The now-replaced Lee Creek Bridge, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, was located in the community.

The community was named for a natural dam near the original town site.
Australian pop music awards
Australian pop music awards are a series of inter-related national awards that gave recognition to popular musical artists and have included the Go-Set pop poll (1966–1972); TV Week King of Pop Awards (1967–1978); TV Week and Countdown Music Awards (1979–1980); the Countdown Awards (1981–1982) and Countdown Music and Video Awards (1983–1987). Early awards were based on popular voting from readers of teenage pop music newspaper Go-Set and television program guide TV Week. They were followed by responses from viewers of Countdown, a TV pop music series (1974–1987) on national broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). Some of the later award ceremonies incorporated listed nominees and peer-voted awards. From 1987 the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) instituted its own peer-voted ARIA Music Awards.

Greedy Smith
Andrew McArthur "Greedy" Smith (16 January 1956 – 2 December 2019) was an Australian vocalist, keyboardist, harmonicist and songwriter with Australian pop/new wave band Mental As Anything. Smith wrote many of their hit songs including "Live It Up" which peaked at No. 2 on the Australian singles chart. Smith had a solo music career, had worked with other bands and was also an artist and television personality.
Biodiesel production
Biodiesel production is the process of producing the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical reactions of transesterification and esterification. This process renders a product (chemistry) and by-products.

The fats and oils react with short-chain alcohols (typically methanol or ethanol). The alcohols used should be of low molecular weight. Ethanol is the most used because of its low cost, however, greater conversions into biodiesel can be reached using methanol. Although the transesterification reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, the base-catalyzed reaction is more common. This path has lower reaction times and catalyst cost than those acid catalysis. However, alkaline catalysis has the disadvantage of high sensitivity to both water and free fatty acids present in the oils.

Transesterification
Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic functional group R″ of an ester with the organic group R' of an alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base catalyst. Strong acids catalyze the reaction by donating a proton to the carbonyl group, thus making it a more potent electrophile. Bases catalyze the reaction by removing a proton from the alcohol, thus making it more nucleophilic. The reaction can also be accomplished with the help of enzymes, particularly lipases (one example is the lipase E.C.3.1.1.3).

If the alcohol produced by the reaction can be separated from the reactants by distillation this will drive the equilibrium toward the products. This means that esters with larger alkoxy groups can be made from methyl or ethyl esters in high purity by heating the mixture of ester, acid/base, and large alcohol.
Maa Civil Society Forum
The Maa Civil Society Forum is an association of various NGOs, organisations and individuals formed to promote land rights claims of the Maasai people of Kenya.  The group is committed to peaceful means, and intends to achieve its aims through dialogue with the Kenyan and British governments, and through a legal case challenging the legitimacy of the 1904 Anglo-Maasai Treaty.

Maasai people
The Maasai (/ˈmɑːsaɪ, mɑːˈsaɪ/) are an Eastern Nilotic ethnic group native to northern, central and southern regions of Kenya including northern Tanzania, near the African Great Lakes region. Their native language is the Maasai language, a Nilotic language related to Dinka, Kalenjin and Nuer. A branch within the broader Nilo-Saharan language family. Except for some elders living in rural areas, most Maasai people speak the official languages of Kenya and Tanzania—Swahili and English.

The Maasai population has been reported as numbering 1,189,522 in Kenya in the 2019 census compared to 377,089 in the 1989 census.