hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rama II
Phutthaloetla Naphalai (born Chim; 24 February 1767 or 1768 – 21 July 1824), also known by his regnal name Rama II, was the second King of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, ruling from 1809 to 1824. In 1809, as Prince Itsarasunthon, he succeeded his father Rama I, the founder of the Chakri dynasty, to become Loetlanaphalai, King of Siam. His reign was largely peaceful, devoid of major conflicts. His reign was known as the "Golden Age of Rattanakosin Literature" as Loetlanaphalai was patron to a number of poets in his court, and the King himself was a renowned poet and artist. The most notable poet in his employ was the illustrious Sunthorn Phu, the author of Phra Aphai Mani. The rapid growth of the number of his descendants was outstanding: he is believed to have had over 240 grandchildren.

Wongsa Dhiraj Snid
Wongsa Dhiraj Snid (Thai: พระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ กรมหลวงวงศาธิราชสนิท; 9 July 1808 – 14 August 1871) was a Thai physician and diplomat, as well as a member of the reigning Chakri dynasty. An early adopter of Western-style medicine, he was the court physician for much of his life, and was known as the "Doctor Prince."
Grundtvig's Church
Grundtvig's Church (Danish: Grundtvigs Kirke) is located in the Bispebjerg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is a rare example of expressionist church architecture. Due to its originality, it is one of the best known churches in the city.

Marcussen & Søn
Marcussen & Søn, also known as Marcussen and previously as Marcussen & Reuter, is a Danish firm of pipe organ builders. They were one of the first firms to go back to classical organ-building techniques, and have been producing mechanical-action organs since 1930. Aside from their many instruments in Denmark, they have built organs in northern Germany, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, Great Britain, South Africa, Japan, and the United States.
West Norfolk Militia
The West Norfolk Militia was an auxiliary military regiment in the English county of Norfolk in East Anglia. First organised during the Seven Years' War it carried out internal security and home defence duties in all of Britain's major wars. It later became a battalion of the Norfolk Regiment, served in South Africa during the Second Boer War,  and supplied thousands of recruits to the fighting battalions during World War I. After 1921 the militia had only a shadowy existence until its final abolition in 1953.

George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend
Field Marshal George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, PC (28 February 1724 – 14 September 1807), styled as the Viscount Townshend from 1764 to 1787, was a British Army officer and politician. After serving at the Battle of Dettingen during the War of the Austrian Succession and the Battle of Culloden during the Jacobite Rising, Townshend took command of the British forces for the closing stages of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham during the Seven Years' War. He went on to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland or Viceroy where he introduced measures aimed at increasing the size of Irish regiments, reducing corruption in Ireland and improving the Irish economy. In cooperation with Prime Minister North in London, he solidified governmental control over Ireland. He also served as Master-General of the Ordnance, first in the North Ministry and then in the Fox–North Coalition.
Kadoma, Osaka
Kadoma (門真市, Kadoma-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 September 2024, the city had an estimated population of 116,511 in 64301 households and a population density of 9680 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 12.30 square kilometres (4.75 sq mi).

Moriguchi, Osaka
Moriguchi (守口市, Moriguchi-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2021, the city had an estimated population of 142,655 in 73353 households and a population density of 11,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 12.71 square kilometres (4.91 sq mi).
Alphington, Devon
Alphington is a former manor and village, now a suburb of the City of Exeter in Devon. The ward of Alphington has a population of 8,250 according to the 2001 census, making it the third largest in Exeter, with the village itself accounting for about a quarter of this figure. The ward population increased to 8,266 at the 2021 census.  It is surrounded on two sides by countryside, with the Marsh Barton trading estate to the east and Exeter City to the north. The Alphin Brook passes around the northern edge of Alphington. Alphington is on the south-western side of Exeter.

Marsh Barton
50°42′14″N 3°31′19″W﻿ / ﻿50.704°N 3.522°W﻿ / 50.704; -3.522

Marsh Barton is the largest trading estate in Exeter, covering over 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2). It supports over 500 diverse businesses including one of Europe's largest motoring centres, showrooms, city plumbing, builders merchants, and tool and plant hire. It is also home to the head office of the Apple Premium Reseller, Stormfront Retail Ltd.

A new railway station to serve Marsh Barton was opened on 4th July 2023.
Chukar partridge
The chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), or simply chukar, is a Palearctic upland gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae. It has been considered to form a superspecies complex along with the rock partridge, Philby's partridge and Przevalski's partridge and treated in the past as conspecific particularly with the first. This partridge has well-marked black and white bars on the flanks and a black band running from the forehead across the eye down the head to form a necklace that encloses a white throat. Native to Asia, the species has been introduced into many other places and feral populations have established themselves in parts of North America, Malta and New Zealand. This bird can be found in parts of Middle East and temperate Asia.

Philby's partridge
Philby's partridge (Alectoris philbyi) or Philby's rock partridge, is a relative of the chukar, red-legged partridge and barbary partridges and is native to southwestern Saudi Arabia and northern Yemen. Although similar in appearance to other Alectoris species, Philby's partridge can be distinguished by its black cheeks and throat. Although not currently listed as an endangered species, the Arab Spring and destruction of its fragile habitat in the tribal areas of Northern Yemen had led to concerns about the survival of this species. The name commemorates the British explorer St John Philby.
Citrique Belge
Citribel, located in Tienen is a Belgian biotech company and one of the biggest producers of citric acid. The company has a production capacity of 120,000 tonnes of citric acid per year. In 2020 it employed 340 people.

Tienen
Tienen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtinə(n)] ⓘ; French: Tirlemont [tiʁləmɔ̃]) is a city and municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in Flanders, Belgium. The municipality comprises Tienen itself and the towns of Bost, Goetsenhoven, Hakendover, Kumtich, Oorbeek, Oplinter, Sint-Margriete-Houtem and Vissenaken.

On 1 January 2017, Tienen had a total population of 34,365. The total area is 71.77 km2 (27.71 sq mi), which gives a population density of 444 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,150/sq mi).
Pheasey
Pheasey is a residential area of Walsall Metropolitan Borough in the West Midlands of England, often considered to be part of Great Barr. The area was predominantly developed for housing, as the Pheasey Estate, in the 1930s, but work was not completed until after the Second World War. Barr Beacon, a hill, is a local landmark.

Walsall
Walsall (/ˈwɔːlsɔːl/, or /ˈwɒlsɔːl/; locally /ˈwɔːsʊl/) is a market town and administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, part of The Black Country in the West Midlands, England. Historically part of Staffordshire, it is located 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Birmingham, 7 miles (11 km) east of Wolverhampton and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Lichfield.

Walsall was transferred from Staffordshire to the newly created West Midlands county in 1974. At the 2011 census, the town's built-up area had a population of 67,594, with the wider borough having a population of 269,323. Neighbouring settlements in the borough include Darlaston, Brownhills, Pelsall, Willenhall, Bloxwich and Aldridge.
BMW B37 engine
The BMW B37 is a 1.5-litre (1,496 cc), diesel, straight-three engine with a single, mono-scroll and variable-geometry turbocharger. The compression ratio is 16.5:1. It is the second engine from BMW's modular engine plan, sharing most of its components with the BMW B38 petrol engine. Power output is either 70 or 85 kW (94 or 114 hp).

BMW 1 Series (F20)
The second generation of the BMW 1 Series consists of the BMW F20 (5-door hatchback) and BMW F21 (3-door hatchback) subcompact cars. The F20/F21 generation was produced by BMW from 2011 to 2019 and is often collectively referred to as the F20.

For the second generation of 1 Series, the coupé and convertible models marketed separately using the new BMW 2 Series nameplate.

The F20/F21 was initially powered by inline-four petrol, inline-four diesel and inline-six petrol engines. In 2015, inline-three petrol and diesel engines were added to the model range. All engines are turbocharged.

Unlike most hatchback competitors, the F20/F21 uses a rear-wheel drive (rather than front-wheel drive) for most models. The F20/F21 is the first 1 Series to offer an optional all-wheel drive (called "xDrive" by BMW).

In July 2019, the BMW 1 Series (F40) began production as the successor to the F20.
Panetti v. Quarterman
Panetti v. Quarterman, 551 U.S. 930 (2007), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, ruling that criminal defendants sentenced to death may not be executed if they do not understand the reason for their imminent execution, and that once the state has set an execution date death-row inmates may litigate their competency to be executed in habeas corpus proceedings.  This decision reaffirmed the Court's prior holdings in Ford v. Wainwright, and Stewart v. Martinez-Villareal.

Stewart v. Martinez-Villareal
Stewart v. Martinez-Villareal, 523 U.S. 637 (1998), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b) did not apply to a petition that raises only a competency to be executed claim and that respondent did not, therefore, need authorization to file his petition in the District Court.
1966 Oregon State Beavers football team
The 1966 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State University during the 1966 NCAA University Division football season. Four home games were played on campus in Corvallis at Parker Stadium and two at Civic Stadium in Portland.
Under their second season head coach Dee Andros, the Beavers were 7–3 overall and 3–1 in the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU, later Pacific-8 Conference, or Pac-8). Only one of the four conference teams from the state of California was on the schedule; champion USC shut out OSU in Portland.

Following a 1–3 start, OSU won its last six games, and were ranked nineteenth in the final UPI Coaches Poll.

The starting quarterbacks this season were senior Paul Brothers and sophomore Steve Preece. Workhorse senior fullback Pete Pifer became the school's all-time leading rusher, overtaking Sam Baker.

Paul Brothers (Canadian football)
Paul Brothers (born April 18, 1945) is an American former football quarterback in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the BC Lions and Ottawa Rough Riders. He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the sixteenth round of the 1967 NFL/AFL draft. He played college football at Oregon State University.
Nahunta, Georgia
Nahunta is a city in and the county seat of Brantley County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Brunswick metropolitan area. The population was 1,013 at the 2020 census. The city is an important crossroad which is intersected by U.S. Route 82 and U.S. Route 301 in its downtown area.

Brunswick metropolitan area
The Brunswick metropolitan area is the Coastal Georgian metropolitan statistical area centered on the principal city of Brunswick, Georgia. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Census Bureau and other entities define Brunswick's metropolitan statistical area as comprising Glynn, Brantley, and McIntosh counties, including the cities of Brunswick and Darien. According to the 2020 census, the metropolitan area had a population of 113,495.
Société pour l'aviation et ses dérivés
SPAD (Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés) was a French aircraft manufacturer active between 1911 and 1921. Its SPAD S.XIII biplane was the most produced French fighter airplane of the First World War.

Deperdussin 1910 monoplane
The 1910 Deperdussin monoplane was the first aircraft to be built in significant quantities by Aéroplanes Deperdussin. The type was produced in a number of variants which were flown successfully in air races and gained several records during 1911, and was used by the Australian Central Flying School at Point Cook, Victoria. Several have survived, including an airworthy example in the Shuttleworth Collection in England.
Gala–Rodriguez Ancestral House
Gala–Rodriguez house is a house designated by the National Historical Institute of the Philippines as one of the three heritage houses in Sariaya, due to its notable historical and cultural significance. Designed by Juan Nakpil in the early 1930s, it was owned by one of the most distinguished couples in Quezon , Dr. Isidro Rodriguez and Doña Gregoria Gala. The house is located in Rizal Street along with other opulent houses owned by the illustrados of old Sariaya.

Juan Nakpil
Juan Felipe de Jesús Nakpil, KGCR, KSS (born Juan Felipe Nakpil y de Jesús; May 26, 1899 – May 7, 1986) known as Juan Nakpil, was a Filipino architect, teacher and a community leader. In 1973, he was named one of the National Artists for architecture. He was regarded as the Dean of Filipino Architects.
Kanda-Hirakawachō
Kanda-Hirakawachō (神田平河町) is a district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. As of April 1, 2007, its population is 16. Its postal code is 101-0027. Note that Hirakawachō, also located in the Chiyoda ward, is a completely different district.

Kanda-Hirakawachō is located in the northeastern part of the Chiyoda ward. It borders Kanda-Sakumachō 2-chōme to the north, east and south. It borders Kanda-Sakumachō 1-chōme to the west, the Showa-Dōri Avenue forming its western boundary.

Kanda-Sakumachō, Tokyo
Sakumachō (佐久間町), officially Kanda-Sakumachō (神田佐久間町), is a district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, consisting of 1- to 4-chōme. As of April 1, 2007, its population is 963. Its postal code is 101–0025.

This district is located on the northeastern part on Chiyoda Ward. Kanda-Sakumachō 1-chōme borders Kanda-Hanaokachō and Kanda-Matsunagachō, and the district's 2 - to 4-chōme border Kanda-Izumichō on the north. The district borders Asakusabashi, Taitō, and Higashi-Kanda, Chiyoda on the east. The district's 1-chōme borders (across Kanda River) Kanda-Sudachō and Kanda-Iwamotochō, and its 2- to 4-chōme border Kanda-Sakumagashi on the south. The district borders Soto-Kanda on the west. Kanda-Hirakawachō is located between Kanda-Sakumachō 1-chōme and 2-chōme.

Akihabara Station is situated near the district.
Thomas D'Alesandro Stadium
Thomas D'Alesandro Stadium, also known as Kiryat Haim Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Kiryat Haim, Israel. It is used mostly for association football matches and is the home stadium of Hapoel Haifa's youth teams. It used to be home to the first teams of Hapoel as well as Maccabi Haifa, but was replaced by Kiryat Eliezer Stadium in 1955.

The stadium was built with help from the Jewish community of Baltimore, Maryland and named for the mayor of Baltimore, Thomas D'Alesandro Jr., who was the father of Nancy Pelosi; he "helped lead the movement in the United States to garner government support for the establishment of a Jewish state."

Kiryat Haim
Kiryat Haim (Hebrew: קריית חיים  pronounced [kiʁˈjat χaˈjim]) is a neighborhood of Haifa. It is considered part of the Krayot cluster in the northern part of metropolitan Haifa. In 2008, Kiryat Haim had a population of just under 27,000. Kiryat Haim is within the municipal borders of the city of Haifa and lies on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
Funao, Okayama
Funao (船穂町, Funao-chō) was a town located in Asakuchi District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, Funao had an estimated population of 7,393 and a density of 682.01 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 10.84 km2.

On August 1, 2005, Funao, along with the town of Mabi (from Kibi District), was merged into the expanded city of Kurashiki.

Kurashiki
Kurashiki (倉敷市, Kurashiki-shi) is a city located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 478,651 and a population density of 1300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 355.63 square kilometres (137.31 sq mi).
Smoothness
In mathematical analysis, the smoothness of a function is a property measured by the number of continuous derivatives it has over its domain.

A function of class  is a function of smoothness at least k;  that is, a function of class  is a function that has a kth derivative that is continuous in its domain.

A function of class  or -function (pronounced C-infinity function) is an infinitely   differentiable function, that is, a function that has derivatives of all orders (this implies that all these derivatives are continuous).

Generally, the term smooth function refers to a -function. However, it may also mean "sufficiently differentiable" for the problem under consideration.

Support (mathematics)
In mathematics, the support of a real-valued function  is the subset of the function's domain consisting of those elements that are not mapped to zero. If the domain of  is a topological space, then the support of  is instead defined as the smallest closed set containing all points not mapped to zero. This concept is used widely in mathematical analysis.
West Australian Forest Alliance
The Western Australian Forest Alliance (also known as WAFA) is an organisation made up of a number of Western Australian environmental activist groups concerned with the destruction of old-growth forests in the South West region.

It has published a range of guides, fact sheets, posters and documents. It is a successor to and includes membership of the earlier groups the Campaign to Save Native Forests, South West Forests Defence Foundation, Great Walk Networking, and other member groups of the Conservation Council of Western Australia.

Advocacy and campaigning by WAFA and its members played a major role in the Western Australian government deciding to end the commercial logging of native forests from 2024 onwards.

It is one of the leading organisations in the End Forest Mining alliance, a campaign to end bauxite mining in Western Australia's Northern Jarrah Forest.

Conservation Council of Western Australia
The Conservation Council of Western Australia (CCWA) is the umbrella body for conservation groups and organisations in Western Australia.  It has been the co-ordinator, publisher and guiding body for issues of woodchipping in the South West of Western Australia, the logging of old growth forests, as well as providing input into government processes involved with all aspects of environmental protection and conservation.
Naoiri, Ōita
Naoiri (直入町, Naoiri-machi) was a town located in Naoiri District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 2,816 and the density of 33.59 persons per km2. The total area was 83.83 km2.

On April 1, 2005, Naoiri, along with the towns of Kujū and Ogi (all from Naoiri District), was merged into the expanded city of Taketa.

Taketa, Ōita
Taketa (竹田市, Taketa-shi) is a city located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. As of 3 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 19,456 in 9838 households, and a  population density of 41 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 477.53 km2 (184.38 sq mi).
Arteriole
An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.

Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow occurs at the transition of arterioles to capillaries. This function is extremely important because it prevents the thin, one-layer capillaries from exploding upon pressure. The arterioles achieve this decrease in pressure, as they are the site with the highest resistance (a large contributor to total peripheral resistance) which translates to a large decrease in the pressure.

Venule
A venule is a very small vein in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into the venous system via increasingly larger veins. Post-capillary venules are the smallest of the veins with a diameter of between 10 and 30 micrometres (μm). When the post-capillary venules increase in diameter to 50 μm they can incorporate smooth muscle and are known as muscular venules. Veins contain approximately 70% of total blood volume, while about 25% is contained in the venules. Many venules unite to form a vein.
Macksville railway station
Macksville railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located on the North Coast line in Macksville, New South Wales, Australia. The station serves the town of Macksville, and opened on 1 July 1919 when the line was extended from Kempsey. The heritage listing refers to the Macksville Railway Station group. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Macksville, New South Wales
Macksville is a small town on the Nambucca River in the Nambucca Valley, New South Wales, Australia. It is halfway between Sydney and Brisbane, along the Pacific Highway, approximately 40 minutes north of Kempsey, 40 minutes south of Coffs Harbour, 70 minutes north of Port Macquarie, five hours south of Brisbane and five hours north of Sydney.
Haneragmiut
Haneragmiut were a geographically defined Copper Inuit subgroup in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. They were the most westerly band of those that hunted in southern Victoria Island.  They were generally located on the north shore of Dolphin and Union Strait, north of Cape Bexley, and south of Prince Albert Sound, on Victoria Island. Though they migrated seasonally both north and south for hunting, fishing, and trade, they were unaware that Victoria Island was an island.

Akuliakattagmiut
Akuliakattagmiut were a geographically defined Copper Inuit subgroup in the Canadian territory of Nunavut.  They were located near Cape Bexley on the south shore, mainland side of Dolphin and Union Strait, and in the vicinity of the Melville Hills' Akuliakattak Lake, the source of the Rae River.
Insinger Gilissen
Insinger Gilissen, previously known as Insinger de Beaufort, is an Anglo-Dutch private bank providing private banking, wealth management and private planning to high-net-worth individuals and some institutional clients. In 2016 it merged with Theodoor Gilissen Bankiers to become Insinger Gilissen. Since 1 January 2017 Insinger Gilissen has been part of Quintet Private Bank.

Theodoor Gilissen Bankiers
Theodoor Gilissen Bankiers was a private bank in the Netherlands that focused on the asset management, portfolio advisory services for wealthy individuals and providing services to independent asset managers. It was merged with Insinger de Beaufort in 2017 to form Insinger Gilissen. The bank had branches in The Hague, Amsterdam, Enschede, Groningen, Rotterdam and Eindhoven.
Capinópolis
Capinópolis is a municipality in the west of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. As of 2020 the population was 16,234 in a total area of 621 km2 (240 sq mi).  It became a municipality in 1953.  The name means "city of grass".

Ituiutaba
Ituiutaba (Brazilian Portuguese: /itujuˈtabɐ/) is a municipality in the western part of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Elevated to city status in 1901, its population in 2020 was 105,255 and a total area in the municipality of 2,694 km2.  The elevation of the seat of the municipality is 544 m.