hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century
The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century (ISBN 0-7924-5850-8) is a book that was published in 1993 by The Ring magazine editors Steve Farhood and Stanley Weston.

The book has chapters for each of the decades that comprised the 20th century, with special pages dedicated to Jack Johnson, Jimmy Wilde, Benny Leonard, Jack Dempsey, Mickey Walker, Henry Armstrong, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, Sugar Ray Robinson, Muhammad Ali, Roberto Durán, Sugar Ray Leonard, Barry McGuigan and Mike Tyson.

The book covers news making boxing events from 1900 to 1992, with such article names as "When the judges need judges" (about Lupe Pintor's decision win over Carlos Zarate), "Ellis in Wonderland" (when Joe Frazier conquered the world Heavyweight title knocking out Jimmy Ellis) and "Midnight for the Cinderella Man" (when Joe Louis conquered the world Heavyweight title knocking out James J. Braddock, nicknamed "Cinderella Man").

The Ring (magazine)
The Ring (often called The Ring magazine or Ring magazine) is a boxing magazine, that was first published in 1922 as a boxing and wrestling magazine. As the sporting legitimacy of professional wrestling came more into question, The Ring shifted to becoming exclusively a boxing-oriented publication.

Ring began publishing annual ratings of boxers in 1924. With its November/December 2022 issue, the magazine stopped publication of its regular monthly print issues and will remain a digital publication, offering occasional special interest print issues.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Culberson County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Culberson County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Culberson County, Texas. There are two districts and eight individual properties listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Culberson County, Texas
Culberson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,188. The county seat is Van Horn. Culberson County was founded in 1911 and organized the next year. It is named for David B. Culberson, a Confederate soldier and U.S. representative.

Culberson County is primarily in the Central Time Zone, but northwestern Culberson County, including Pine Springs and Guadalupe Mountains National Park, is in the Mountain Time Zone, making it one of only a few U.S. counties officially split into two time zones. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Gray County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Gray County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Gray County, Texas. There are eight properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Four of these properties are also Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted July 11, 2025.

Gray County, Texas
Gray County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 21,227. The county seat is Pampa. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1902. Gray County is named for Peter W. Gray, a Confederate lawyer and soldier in the American Civil War. Gray County comprises the Pampa, TX micropolitan statistical area.
Decapod anatomy
The anatomy of a decapod consists of 20 body segments grouped into two main body parts: the cephalothorax and the pleon (abdomen). Each segment – often called a somite – may possess one pair of appendages, although in various groups these may be reduced or missing.

Decapod
The Decapoda or decapods (from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás), meaning "ten", and πούς (poús), meaning "foot") is a large order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, and includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is estimated to contain nearly 15,000 extant species in around 2,700 genera, with around 3,300 fossil species. Nearly half of these species are crabs, with the shrimp (about 3,000 species) and Anomura including hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters (about 2500 species) making up the bulk of the remainder. The earliest fossils of the group date to the Devonian.
Llanthomas Castle Mound
Llanthomas Castle Mound was built by the Normans after the 1066 Norman Conquest of England, probably after the Norman invasion of Wales in 1081, but before 1215. It was a motte-and-bailey castle design. The building materials were earth, rubble, and timber. The earth was probably obtained from the surrounding ditch and the timber from nearby woods.

Cadw are the Welsh government-funded regulatory body for the scheduling of historical assets in Wales. They describe Llanthomas Castle Mound as an important relic of medieval architecture which might extend knowledge of medieval defensive practices. Their scheduled area comprises the motte and a substantial area of lawn at the base of the motte, where related evidence is expected to survive.

Llanigon
Llanigon is a village and community in Powys, Wales on the edge of the Brecon Beacons National Park, north of the Black Mountains, Wales. The community population was  478. The nearest town is Hay-on-Wye, some 1.5 miles (2 km) to the east. It is in the historic county of Brecknockshire.
Li Chengqi
Li Chengqi (Chinese: 李成器) (679 – January 5, 742), known as Wu Chengqi (Chinese: 武成器) during the reign of his grandmother Wu Zetian and as Li Xian (Chinese: 李憲) after 716, formally Emperor Rang (Chinese: 讓皇帝, literally, "the emperor who yielded"), was an imperial prince of the Tang dynasty who served as crown prince during the first reign of his father Emperor Ruizong, who yielded that position to his younger half-brother Li Longji (Emperor Xuanzong) during Emperor Ruizong's second reign. Li Chengqi had a number of children, including his oldest son, Li Jin, the Prince of Ruyang, who was called one of the Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup by famous poet Du Fu.

According to historical records, Li Chengqi was close to his younger brother, Li Longji (later Emperor Xuanzong), and was never ambitious. Despite his never having been emperor, he was posthumously honored as an emperor by Emperor Xuanzong.

Empress Liu (Tang dynasty)
Empress Liu (劉皇后, personal name unknown) (died 8 January 693), formally Empress Sumingshunsheng (肅明順聖皇后, literally "the solemn, understanding, serene, and holy empress") or Empress Suming (肅明皇后) in short, was an empress of the Chinese Tang dynasty.  She was the wife of Emperor Ruizong.
Small-mouth salamander
The small-mouth salamander (Ambystoma texanum) is a species of mole salamander found in the central United States, from the Great Lakes region in Michigan to Nebraska, south to Texas, and east to Tennessee, with a population in Canada, in Pelee, Ontario. It is sometimes referred to as the Texas salamander, porphyry salamander, or the narrow-mouthed salamander. The Kelley's Island salamander (Ambystoma nothagenes) was synonymized with A. texanum in 1995.

Mole salamander
The mole salamanders (genus Ambystoma) are a group of advanced salamanders endemic to North America. The group has become famous due to the study of the axolotl (A. mexicanum) in research on paedomorphosis, and the tiger salamander (A. tigrinum, A. mavortium) which is often sold as a pet, and is the official amphibian of four US states.
Boston Harbor Islands National and State Park
Boston Harbor Islands National and State Park is a combination national recreation area and state park situated among the islands of Boston Harbor. The park is made up of 34 islands and peninsulas and is managed by the Boston Harbor Islands Partnership.  Twenty-one of the islands are also included in the Boston Harbor Islands Archeological District.

The park is significant for a wide range of natural and cultural resources, including three national historic landmarks, unique geological features, archaeological resources resulting from thousands of years of occupation of the islands by indigenous people of Massachusetts, and complex natural communities.

Attractions include hiking trails, beaches, the Civil War-era Fort Warren, and Boston Light, the oldest lighthouse station in the United States. Georges Island and Spectacle Island are served seasonally by ferries to and from Boston, and Peddocks Island is served by a ferry from Hingham.

Long Wharf (Boston)
Long Wharf is a historic pier in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, built between 1710 and 1721. It once extended from State Street nearly a half-mile into Boston Harbor; today, the much-shortened wharf (due to land fill on the city end) functions as a dock for passenger ferries and sightseeing boats.
Skeletocutis fimbriata
Skeletocutis fimbriata is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Found in China, it was described as new to science in 2008. The holotype collection was made in the Shennongjia nature reserve in northwestern Hubei province, where it was found growing on rotting angiosperm wood. The fungus is distinguished from the other Skeletocutis species by its narrow spores, and its coarsely fimbriate margin on the fruit bodies. The specific epithet fimbriata refers to this latter characteristic.

Skeletocutis
Skeletocutis is a genus of about 40 species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere. It causes a white rot in a diverse array of woody substrates, and the fruit bodies grow as a crust on the surface of the decaying wood. Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps.

Skeletocutis is primarily distinguished from similar genera of wood-rotting fungi by microscopic features, especially by the sausage-shaped to ellipsoid spores, and spiny crystals covering certain hyphae in the pore tissue. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologists František Kotlaba and Zdenek Pouzar in 1958, with Skeletocutis amorpha as the type species.
Bostik
Bostik is a manufacturer and distributor of adhesives and sealants for the construction, industrial and consumer markets. With annual sales of €2.7 billion in 2024, the company employs over 7,000 people and has a presence in more than 45 countries. Bostik is part of the French-based Arkema group.

Arkema
Arkema S.A. is a publicly listed, multi-national manufacturer of specialty materials, headquartered in La Défense, near Paris, France.  It has three specialty materials segments (or divisions); adhesives, advanced materials and coatings. A further segment covers chemical intermediates.

The company was created in 2004, as part of French oil major Total's restructuring of its chemicals business, and floated on the Paris stock exchange in May 2006. Turnover in 2024 was €9.5 billion. Arkema operates in 55 countries and has 21,150 employees, 17 research centers and 157 production plants.
St. Joseph's Preparatory School
St. Joseph's Preparatory School, known as "St. Joe's Prep" or simply "The Prep", is an urban, private, Catholic, college preparatory school run by the Society of Jesus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The school was founded in 1851 from the Old St. Joseph's Church in the city's Society Hill neighborhood. The school moved to its current campus on Girard Avenue in the 1870s with the construction of the Church of the Gesu.

Saint Joseph's University
Saint Joseph's University (SJU or St. Joe's) is a private Jesuit university in Philadelphia, Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The university was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1851 as Saint Joseph's College. Saint Joseph's is the seventh oldest Jesuit university in the United States and the sixth largest university in Philadelphia. It is named after Saint Joseph.

Saint Joseph's University has nearly 9,000 undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students in over 162 undergraduate programs, 84 graduate programs, and 9 degree-completion and post-baccalaureate programs. It has 14 centers and institutes, including the Kinney Center for Autism Education and Support and the Pedro Arrupe, S.J., Center for Business Ethics. Saint Joseph's University is classified as an R2: Doctoral University with High Research Activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.
Daitō, Shizuoka
Daitō (大東町, Daitō-chō) was a town located in Ogasa District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Daitō Town was created in 1973 through the merger of Ohama Town with Joto Village.

As of April 2004, the town had an estimated population of 20,937 and a population density of 453.86 persons per km2. The total area was 46.13 km2. The main agricultural products were green tea, melons, strawberries and sake.

On April 1, 2005, Daitō, along with the town of Ōsuka (also from Ogasa District), was merged into the expanded city of Kakegawa.

Kakegawa, Shizuoka
Kakegawa (掛川市, Kakegawa-shi) is a city in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 10 October 2019,  the city had an estimated population of 117,925 in 45,519 households. The total area of the city is 265.69 square kilometres (102.58 sq mi).
David Wilmot School
The David Wilmot Public School For Coloured Children, also known as the J.C. King Educational Building, is located the Frankford neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Built in 1874, it is a two-story, four-bay, stone building in the Italianate-design presumably of Lewis H. Esler (1819-1883), a prominent architect employed by the Philadelphia Board of Public Education.

An addition was built in 1908. It features brownstone sills and arches and a gable over the entrance opening.  It was named for U.S. political figure and abolitionist, David Wilmot (1814–1868).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Frankford, Philadelphia
Frankford is a neighborhood in the Northeast section of Philadelphia situated about six miles (10 km) northeast of Center City. Although its borders are vaguely defined, the neighborhood is bounded roughly by the original course of Frankford Creek on the south to Castor Ave and Roosevelt boulevard on the northwest and southwest, to Cheltenham Avenue on the north, and to Aramingo Avenue and I-95 on the east. Adjacent neighborhoods are Bridesburg, Juniata, Northwood, Summerdale, and Wissinoming.

Historically, Frankford had an unofficial division separating Frankford (proper) from East Frankford, which encompassed the area east of Frankford Avenue. The division divided the community first along racial lines, with African Americans to the east of Frankford Avenue and Caucasians to the west.
Tigiria State
Tigiria State was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. It was located in present-day Tigiria block of Cuttack district, Odisha. Although it was the smallest of the states of the Orissa States Agency it was the most densely populated. The last ruler of Tigiria joined the state to the Indian Union by signing the instrument of accession in 1948.

The state was bound in the north by Dhenkanal State, in the east by Athgarh State, in the south by the Mahanadi River and in the west by Baramba State.

Tigiria
Tigiria is a tehsil (block) of Cuttack district. There are 14 (panchayats) with a total of 50 villages under the Tigiria administrative division.

Tigiria is part of the Athagarh Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency alongside Athagad, Athagarh block and five gram panchayats (Kakhadi, Sankarpur, Badasamantarapur, Mangarajpur and Brahmapur) of the Tangi-Chowdwar block.

During the British Raj era, Tigiria was the capital of Tigiria State, one of several princely states of the Eastern States Agency and the most densely populated.
Howard DGA-15
The Howard DGA-15 is a single-engine civil aircraft produced in the United States by the Howard Aircraft Corporation from 1939 to 1944. After the United States' entry into World War II, it was built in large numbers for the United States Navy and also served various roles in the United States Army Air Forces.

Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior
The Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior is a series of nine-cylinder, air-cooled, radial aircraft engines built by the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company from the 1930s to the 1950s. These engines have a displacement of 985 in3 (16 L); initial versions produced 300 hp (220 kW), while the most widely used versions produce 450 hp (340 kW).

Wasp Juniors have powered numerous smaller civil and military aircraft, including small transports, utility aircraft, trainers, agricultural aircraft, and helicopters. Over 39,000 engines were built, and many are still in service today.
Janice Rogers Brown
Janice Rogers Brown (born May 11, 1949) is an American jurist. She served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 2006 to 2017 and before that, Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court from 1996 to 2006. She is a member of the Federalist Society and frequently features at events hosted by the organization.

Her 2003 nomination by George W. Bush to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was opposed by civil rights groups and stalled for nearly two years by Democratic senators who saw her as an extreme "conservative judicial activist.” She was eventually re-nominated and confirmed in 2006. The following month, after Justice Sandra Day O'Connor retired from the Supreme Court of the United States, Brown was reportedly considered as a potential nominee to replace O'Connor. Brown was ultimately not nominated to the Supreme Court.

Gang of 14
The Gang of 14 was a bipartisan group of Senators in the 109th United States Congress who successfully, at the time, negotiated a compromise in the spring of 2005 to avoid the deployment of the so-called "nuclear option" by Senate Republican Majority  over an organized use of the filibuster by Senate Democrats.
Cumberland Hospital
Cumberland Hospital is a public psychiatric hospital located in Westmead, in Sydney's west. Along with Bungarribee House, Blacktown Hospital it serves the mental health needs of Western Sydney. As a public hospital it is part of the Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD).

Blacktown Hospital
Blacktown Hospital is a university teaching  hospital in Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia, about 34 kilometres from the Sydney CBD. Together with Mount Druitt Hospital and associated community health centres, it is a part of the Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD). The hospital is located in one of the fastest population growth areas in NSW, caring for patients from highly diverse cultural and social-economic status backgrounds.
Brædstrup Municipality
Until 1 January 2007, Brædstrup municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Vejle County on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 201 km², and had a total population of 8.728 (2005). Its last mayor was Torkild Skifter, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Brædstrup.

Brædstrup municipality ceased to exist due to Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). With the exception of Voerladegård Parish, Brædstrup municipality was merged with Gedved and Horsens municipalities to form a new Horsens municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 542 km² and a total population of ca. 80,000 (2005). Voerladegård Parish was merged into Skanderborg municipality.

Gedved Municipality
Until 1 January 2007, Gedved municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Vejle County on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 151 km², and had a total population of 10,215 (2005).  Its last mayor was Ejgil W. Rasmussen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Gedved.

Gedved municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with existing Brædstrup (with the exception of Voerladegård Parish) and Horsens municipalities to form a new Horsens municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 542 km² and a total population of approx. 80,000 (2005) in Region Midtjylland.
Liveness test
A liveness test, liveness check or liveness detection is an automated method for determining whether a subject is a real person or part of a spoofing attack. The technique is used as part of know your customer checks in financial services and during facial age estimation.

Liveness detection is a cornerstone of digital safety.

Facial age estimation
Facial age estimation is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing Internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children.

The technology is distinct from facial recognition systems as the software does not attempt to uniquely identify the individual.

Researchers have applied neural networks for age estimation since at least 2010.
The Volokh Conspiracy
The Volokh Conspiracy (/ˈvɑːlək/ VOL-ik) is a legal blog co-founded in 2002 by law professor Eugene Volokh, covering legal and political issues from an ideological orientation it describes as "generally libertarian, conservative, centrist, or some mixture of these." It is one of the most widely read and cited legal blogs in the United States. The blog is written by legal scholars and provides discussion on complex court decisions.

In January 2014, The Volokh Conspiracy migrated to The Washington Post, with Volokh retaining full editorial control over its content. After June 2014, the blog was behind a paywall. In 2017, the blog moved to Reason. Volokh cited his principal reason for the move was to “be freely available to the broadest range of readers” and to have more editorial independence.

Orin Kerr
Orin Samuel Kerr (born June 2, 1971) is an American legal scholar known for his studies of American criminal procedure and the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as well as computer crime law and internet surveillance. He has been a professor of law at Stanford Law School since 2025. Kerr is one of the contributors to the law-oriented blog titled The Volokh Conspiracy.