hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Additive inverse
In mathematics, the additive inverse of an element x, denoted −x, is the element that when added to x, yields the additive identity. This additive identity is often the number 0 (zero), but it can also refer to a more generalized zero element.

In elementary mathematics, the additive inverse is often referred to as the opposite number, or the negative of a number. The unary operation of arithmetic negation is closely related to subtraction and is important in solving algebraic equations. Not all sets where addition is defined have an additive inverse, such as the natural numbers.

Unary operation
In mathematics, a unary operation is an operation with only one operand, i.e. a single input. This is in contrast to binary operations, which use two operands. An example is any function ⁠⁠, where A is a set; the function ⁠⁠ is a unary operation on A.

Common notations are prefix notation (e.g. ¬, −), postfix notation (e.g. factorial n!), functional notation (e.g. sin x or sin(x)), and superscripts (e.g. transpose AT). Other notations exist as well, for example, in the case of the square root, a horizontal bar extending the square root sign over the argument can indicate the extent of the argument.
Lord Charles Townshend (1769–1796)
Lord Charles Patrick Thomas Townshend (6 January 1769 – 27 May 1796) was a British Member of Parliament.

Townshend was the fourth son of Field Marshal George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, and his first wife Charlotte Compton, 16th Baroness Ferrers of Chartley. George Townshend, 2nd Marquess Townshend, and Lord John Townshend were his elder brothers and Charles Townshend his uncle. He was elected to the House of Commons for Great Yarmouth on 25 May 1796. However, only two days later he was murdered by his brother the Reverend Lord Frederick Townshend during a coach journey to London, aged only 27. Lord Frederick was later declared insane.

George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend
Field Marshal George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, PC (28 February 1724 – 14 September 1807), styled as the Viscount Townshend from 1764 to 1787, was a British Army officer and politician. After serving at the Battle of Dettingen during the War of the Austrian Succession and the Battle of Culloden during the Jacobite Rising, Townshend took command of the British forces for the closing stages of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham during the Seven Years' War. He went on to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland or Viceroy where he introduced measures aimed at increasing the size of Irish regiments, reducing corruption in Ireland and improving the Irish economy. In cooperation with Prime Minister North in London, he solidified governmental control over Ireland. He also served as Master-General of the Ordnance, first in the North Ministry and then in the Fox–North Coalition.
Nicaragua at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Nicaragua competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the nation's fourteenth appearance at the Summer Olympics, having competed at every Games since 1968 with the exception of the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul because of its partial support of the North Korean boycott.

Universality slot
Universality slots or universality places are used by the International Olympic Committee to increase diversity of participating nations across the sports programme of the Olympic Games to help countries with traditionally small delegations.
Huey P. Newton
Huey Percy Newton (February 17, 1942 – August 22, 1989) was an American revolutionary and political activist who co-founded the Black Panther Party in 1966. He ran the party as its first leader and crafted its ten-point manifesto with Bobby Seale. Under his leadership, the party organized numerous social programs and community events, advocated for collective defense, and threatened political violence in service of their goals.

Newton stated that Plato's Republic influenced his philosophy of activism. He went on to earn a PhD in social philosophy from the University of California at Santa Cruz's History of Consciousness program in 1980.

He was tried for, but ultimately not convicted of, the criminal homicides of a police officer and a sex worker. He was convicted of, and incarcerated on separate occasions for, weapons and embezzlement offenses.  He was accused of rape, and complicity in other targeted violence.  He was murdered in 1989.

Robert Trivers
Robert Ludlow "Bob" Trivers (/ˈtrɪvərz/; born February 19, 1943) is an American evolutionary biologist and sociobiologist. Trivers proposed the theories of reciprocal altruism (1971), parental investment (1972), facultative sex ratio determination (1973), and parent–offspring conflict (1974).  He has also contributed by explaining self-deception as an adaptive evolutionary strategy (first described in 1976) and discussing intragenomic conflict.

Some of Trivers' work was funded by Jeffrey Epstein, and Trivers later defended the convicted criminal's reputation. In 2015 he was suspended from Rutgers University after he refused to teach an assigned course.
Pen Cerrig-calch
Pen Cerrig-calch is a subsidiary summit of Waun Fach in the Black Mountains in the Brecon Beacons National Park in southern Powys, Wales. Its summit, at a height of 701 m (2,300 ft), is marked by a trig point. The peak sits high above the River Usk valley as it narrows above the small town of Crickhowell. The views from here are wide-ranging and extend as far as the Beacons themselves to the west. A ridge runs off to the northwest and the shoulder of Pen Gloch-y-pibwr then turns north to the secondary top of Pen Allt-mawr whose peak at 719m is also crowned by a trig point.

Black Mountains, United Kingdom
The Black Mountains (Welsh: Y Mynydd Du or Y Mynyddoedd Duon) is a group of hills on the England–Wales border. The larger Welsh part is located in south-east Powys and north-west Monmouthshire, and the smaller English part in western Herefordshire. The range lies approximately within a triangle defined by Abergavenny in the south-east, Hay-on-Wye in the north, and Llangors in the west; Talgarth and Crickhowell are also nearby.

The Welsh part of the Black Mountains is the easternmost of the four ranges of hills that comprise the Brecon Beacons National Park; it should not be confused with the westernmost, the similarly-named Black Mountain. The Black Mountains contain a peak called the Black Mountain, which is the highest point in southern England. The Gospel Pass road is the highest public road in Wales.
True Blood: Music from the HBO Original Series, Vol. 3
True Blood: Music from the HBO Original Series, Vol. 3 is the soundtrack featuring songs from the third and fourth season of the HBO television series True Blood. The album was released through WaterTower Music on September 6, 2011, four days before the season finale and was accompanied by a deluxe edition that featured four additional songs, released a week later.

True Blood season 3
The third season of the television series True Blood premiered on June 13, 2010 simultaneously on HBO and HBO Canada. It concluded its run on September 12, 2010 and contained 12 episodes, bringing the series total to 36. It loosely follows the plot of the third novel of The Southern Vampire Mysteries series, Club Dead.
Miguel Robédé
Miguel Robédé (born June 30, 1981) is a Canadian former professional football defensive tackle. He was drafted with the first overall pick in the 2005 CFL draft by the Calgary Stampeders. He played NCAA football for the Hurricanes of the University of Miami in 2001 and CIS Football with Laval University.

On May 19, 2011 Robédé was traded to the Toronto Argonauts, along with wide receiver P.K. Sam, for wide receiver Reggie McNeal and defensive lineman Adrian Davis.

On June 22, 2011 Robédé was released by the Toronto Argonauts.

P. K. Sam
Philip Kenwood Sam II (born February 26, 1983) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). He was selected by the New England Patriots in the fifth round of the 2004 NFL draft. He played college football for the Florida State Seminoles.

Sam earned a Super Bowl ring with the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX over the Philadelphia Eagles. He was also a member of the Cincinnati Bengals, Miami Dolphins, Oakland Raiders, Toronto Argonauts, Buffalo Bills, and Calgary Stampeders.
James Street, Northbridge
31°56′53″S 115°51′25″E﻿ / ﻿31.948°S 115.857°E﻿ / -31.948; 115.857

James Street is a street which serves the Perth suburbs Perth and Northbridge. It is the main east-west road in the centre of Northbridge.

A section of the eastern end of the street has been closed and modified as the James Street Mall in the  Perth Cultural Centre – with the Western Australian Museum, Alexander Library Building and older government buildings contained within the culture centre area.

The central section between William Street and to the western end at Russell Square is a streetscape with a colourful and extensive history of crime, and notoriety. The street remains a popular location for its entertainment and nightlife, with numerous bars, nightclubs, and live music venues operating.

Until December 2016, the Mitchell Freeway had a southbound exit onto the street. The exit was removed and replaced with one at Roe Street to enable the construction of the Charles Street Bus Bridge.

Roe Street, Perth
Roe Street is a street in Perth, Western Australia. The central section of the street forms the southern boundary of the suburb of Northbridge, while the eastern end borders the Perth Cultural Centre to the north and Perth railway station to the south. The southern approach of the Hamilton Interchange, which connects the Mitchell Freeway and the Graham Farmer Freeway, passes over the street to the west.

Immediately south of Roe Street was the former site of the Perth Marshalling Yard; in the 2010s the Perth City Link project sunk and covered the remaining parts of the railway south of Northbridge and opened up the area for redevelopment.
Hod HaSharon
Hod HaSharon (Hebrew: הוד השרון, lit. 'Splendor of the Sharon') is a city in the Central District of Israel. The city is located approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the Mediterranean coastline, south of Kfar Saba, southeast of Ra'anana, and northeast of Ramat HaSharon. In 2023 it had a population of 65,393.

Hod HaSharon was officially formed and made a local council in 1964 by the merging of four moshavot: Magdiel, Ramatayim, Kfar Hadar, and Ramat Hadar. The land area of Hod HaSharon is 19.2 square kilometres (7.4 sq mi).

Highway 40 (Israel)
Highway 40 (Hebrew: כביש 40) is a north-south intercity road in Israel. At 302 km long, it is the second longest highway in Israel, after Highway 90. The highway runs from Kfar Saba in the center of Israel to the Arabah in the south, serving as a main connection between central Israel and Be'er Sheva.
Dangme West District
Dangme West District is a former district that was located in Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, which was created from the former Dangme District Council. However on 28 June 2012, it was split off into two new districts: Shai-Osudoku District (capital: Dodowa) and Ningo-Prampram District (capital: Prampram). The district assembly was located in the eastern part of Greater Accra Region and had Dodowa as its capital town.

Shai Osudoku District
Shai Osudoku District is one of the twenty-nine districts in Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Dangme West District in 1988, which was created from the former Dangme District Council, until the southern part of the district was split off to create Ningo-Prampram District on 28 June 2012; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Shai-Osudoku District. The Shai Osudoku District Assembly is located in the eastern part of Greater Accra Region and has Dodowa as its capital town, which is about 39 km from the regional capital, Accra.
John Nicholas Wurm
John Nicholas Wurm (December 6, 1927 – April 27, 1984) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He served as the fifth bishop of the Diocese of Belleville in  Illinois from 1981 to 1984.  He previously serve as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of St. Louis in Missouri from 1976 to 1981.

Archdiocese of St. Louis
The Archdiocese of St. Louis (Latin: Archidiœcesis Sancti Ludovici) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. Mitchell Thomas Rozanski is the archbishop; the see church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis.
4th Disciple
Selwyn Bougard, now known as El-Divine Amir Bey (born May 23, 1974), better known by his stage name 4th Disciple, is a DJ, record producer and audio engineer who was one of the founding members of Killarmy and one of the best-known Wu-Tang-affiliated producers. He is the only member of the Wu Elements to have worked on Wu-Tang Clan's first breakthrough album, as a mixer.

Killah Priest
Walter Reed (born August 16, 1970), better known by his stage name Killah Priest, is an American rapper, a member of Sunz of Man, and a Wu-Tang Clan affiliate who was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He is known for his intensely spiritual lyrics, containing religious references and metaphors. He is connected to the Black Hebrew Israelites through his rhymes, and is known for his controversial and political subject matter. He is also a part of supergroup the HRSMN along with Canibus, Ras Kass, and Kurupt.
Cerreto Grue
Cerreto Grue is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 346 and an area of 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi).

Cerreto Grue borders the following municipalities: Costa Vescovato, Montegioco, Sarezzano, and Villaromagnano.

Costa Vescovato
Costa Vescovato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Alessandria. It borders the municipalities of Avolasca, Carezzano, Castellania Coppi, Cerreto Grue, Montegioco, Paderna, and Villaromagnano.
2014 Bolivian general election
General elections were held in Bolivia on 12 October 2014, the second to take place under the country's 2009 constitution, and the first supervised by the Plurinational Electoral Organ, a newly created fourth branch of government. Incumbent President Evo Morales was re-elected for a third term.

Bolivian voters elected the president and vice president of the republic, 130 members of the Chamber of Deputies, and 36 members of the Senate, as well as the five first directly elected deputies to the Andean Parliament.

Álvaro García Linera
Álvaro Marcelo García Linera (Spanish: [ˈalβaɾo ɣaɾˈsi.a liˈneɾa]; born 19 October 1962) is a Bolivian politician, sociologist, Marxist theoretician, and former guerrilla who served as the 38th vice president of Bolivia from 2006 to 2019. A member of the Movement for Socialism, in the early 1990s he was a leader of the Túpac Katari Guerrilla Army.
42nd Home Guard Infantry Division
The 42nd Home Guard Infantry Division (Croatian: 42. domobranska pješačka divizija, also 42. Honved Inf. Division), nicknamed the Devil's Division (Vražja divizija), was an infantry division of the Royal Croatian Home Guard within the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. Composed primarily of Croatian troops, the division was deployed on multiple fronts, including Serbia, Galicia, the Russian front, and the Italian Front.

Anton Lipošćak
Anton Lipošćak, (9 April 1863 – 24 July 1924) was an Austro-Hungarian Army General of the Infantry of Croatian descent who served as the Governor-General of the Military Government of Lublin during the World War I. After the war, Lipošćak returned to Zagreb where the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs declared independence from Austria-Hungary. He was accused of plotting a coup d'état and arrested. Most present-day sources consider the charges false. The charges were dropped and Lipošćak released in two months, in early 1919.
Artie Nielsen
Agent Arthur "Artie" Nielsen (née Arthur Weisfelt) is a fictional character on the U.S. television science fiction series Warehouse 13 (2009–2014), portrayed by Saul Rubinek. He is the Special Agent in Charge of Warehouse 13 and is the immediate supervisor of Agents Pete Lattimer, Myka Bering and Claudia Donovan.

Warehouse 13 season 4
The fourth season of the American television series Warehouse 13 premiered on July 23, 2012, on Syfy. The season consists of 20 episodes, and aired on Mondays; the first ten episodes aired at 9 pm, but the series moved to a 10 pm timeslot starting with the eleventh episode. The show stars Eddie McClintock, Joanne Kelly, Saul Rubinek, Allison Scagliotti, Genelle Williams and Aaron Ashmore.
462 Eriphyla
462 Eriphyla /ɛrɪˈfaɪlə/ (prov. designation: A900 UJ or 1900 FQ) is a Koronian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 22 October 1900. The stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 8.7 hours and measures approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) in diameter. It was named after Eriphyle, from Greek mythology.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
Palace of Fontainebleau
Palace of Fontainebleau (/ˈfɒntɪnbloʊ/ FON-tin-bloh, US also /-bluː/ -⁠bloo; French: Château de Fontainebleau [ʃɑto d(ə) fɔ̃tɛnblo]), located 55 kilometers (34 miles) southeast of the center of Paris, in the commune of Fontainebleau, is one of the largest French royal châteaux. It served as a hunting lodge and autumn residence for many of the French monarchs, including Louis VII, Francis I, Henry II, Louis-Philippe, Napoleon I, and Napoleon III.  Though the monarchs only resided there for a few months of the year, they gradually transformed it into a genuine palace, filled with art and decoration. It became a national museum in 1927 and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981 for its unique architecture and historical importance.

Niccolò dell'Abbate
Niccolò dell'Abbate, sometimes Nicolò and Abate (1509 or 1512 – 1571) was a Mannerist Italian painter in fresco and oils. He was of the Emilian school, and was part of the team of artists called the School of Fontainebleau that introduced the Italian Renaissance to France. He may be found indexed under either "Niccolò" or "Abbate", though the former is more correct.
Dai Bosatsu Zendo Kongo-ji
Dai Bosatsu Zendo Kongo-ji, or International Dai Bosatsu Zendo Kongo-ji, is a Rinzai Zen monastery and retreat center located in the Catskill Mountains of upstate New York. Dai Bosatsu Zendo Kongo-ji is part of the Zen Studies Society, founded in 1956 to support the work of D.T. Suzuki. It is affiliated with New York Zendo on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Zen Studies Society was led by Shinge-Shitsu Roko Sherry Chayat Roshi until her retirement in 2023. The Zen Studies Society community celebrated the installation of Abbot Chigan-kutsu Kyo-On Dukuro Jaeckel Roshi on November 24, 2023.

Rinzai school
The Rinzai school (Japanese: 臨済宗, romanized: Rinzai-shū, simplified Chinese: 临济宗; traditional Chinese: 臨濟宗; pinyin: Línjì zōng), named after Linji Yixuan (Romaji: Rinzai Gigen, died 866 CE) is one of three sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism, along with Sōtō and Ōbaku. The Chinese Linji school of Chan Buddhism was first transmitted to Japan by Myōan Eisai (1141–1215). Contemporary Japanese Rinzai is derived entirely from the Ōtōkan lineage transmitted through Hakuin Ekaku (1686–1769), who is a major figure in the revival of the Rinzai tradition.
Wrasse
The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine ray-finned fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into eight subfamilies.

They are typically small, most of them less than 20 cm (7.9 in) long, although the largest, the humphead wrasse, can measure up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft). They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera Bodianus, Epibulus, Cirrhilabrus, Oxycheilinus, and Paracheilinus hide among the tentacles of the free-living mushroom corals and Heliofungia actiniformis.

Blue tuskfish
The blue tuskfish, Choerodon cyanodus, is a species of wrasse native to the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, where it is known to occur around Australia, but has been claimed to occur more widely.  It inhabits reefs.  This species can reach a length of 70 cm (28 in).  It can be found in the aquarium trade. It eats mollusks and the hatchlings and juveniles of green sea turtles once they reach the water.
Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala
The Pushpa Gujral Science City or PGSC is located on outskirts of Kapurthala on the Kapurthala-Jalandhar road. The foundation stone of PGSC was laid by the then prime minister Inder Kumar Gujral on 17 October 1997. The science city has been named after mother of Inder Kumar Gujral and jointly funded by Government of India and the Punjab Government. The first director general of PGSC, Raghbir Singh Khandpur has been credited with having conceptualised this centre.

Kapurthala
Kapurthala (Punjabi pronunciation: [kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː]) is a city in the Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. It is an immediate neighbour of Jalandhar city proper, and a part of the Jalandhar Metropolitan Region. The aesthetic mix of the city, with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. And for this reason, it has often been referred to as the “Paris of Punjab”. It is also known as the 'City of Palaces & Gardens'. According to the 2011 census, Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.
Hadlyme Ferry Historic District
The Hadlyme Ferry Historic District encompasses a collection of historic buildings related to the Chester–Hadlyme Ferry in the Hadlyme village of Lyme, Connecticut.  It is located at the eastern end of the ferry route across the Connecticut River, where ferries have been documented to run since 1769.  The district includes six houses dating to the late 18th or early 19th century, as well as the site of the ferry slip.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Chester–Hadlyme Ferry
The Chester–Hadlyme Ferry is a seasonal ferry crossing the Connecticut River between the town of Chester, Connecticut, and the village of Hadlyme (in the town of Lyme, Connecticut). It is the second oldest continuously operating ferry service in the state of Connecticut and is a state-designated  historical landmark. The ferry is part of the scenic portion of Route 148 and provides a convenient link between two of Connecticut's tourist attractions: Gillette Castle State Park in Hadlyme and the Essex Steam Train, which runs between Essex and Chester.