hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wissenschaft des Judentums
"Wissenschaft des Judentums" (literally in German the expression means "Science of Judaism"; more recently in the United States it started to be rendered as "Jewish Studies" or "Judaic Studies", a wide academic field of inquiry in American universities) refers to a nineteenth-century movement premised on the critical investigation of Jewish literature and culture, including rabbinic literature, to analyze the origins of Jewish traditions.

David Zvi Hoffmann
David Zvi Hoffmann (November 24, 1843, Verbó, Austrian Empire – November 20, 1921, Berlin) (Hebrew: דוד צבי הופמן), was an Orthodox Rabbi and Torah Scholar. He headed the Yeshiva in Berlin, and published a research on the Pentateuch and Mishna, both in reaction to erstwhile  Biblical criticism.
He is referred to as רד"צ הופמן - Radatz Hoffmann - in later Rabbinic writing.

He was an expert in Midrash halakha and the foremost halakhic authority in Germany in his generation.

He is well known for his strident literary opposition to the Graf-Wellhausen theories of Biblical origin, while he quotes prominent Wissenschaft figures in his researches on Mishnah and Talmud.

His commentary on the Pentateuch is still often referred to.
Roseland, Indiana
Roseland  is a town in Clay Township, St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, Roseland had a population of 854. It is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Roseland is known as "The Gateway Town", on account of its location at the Notre Dame/South Bend exit of the Indiana Toll Road (Interstate 80/90).

South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area
The South Bend–Mishawaka Metropolitan Statistical Area, sometimes referred to as Michiana, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties – one in northern Indiana (St. Joseph) and one in southwest Michigan (Cass), anchored by the cities of South Bend and Mishawaka in Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 319,224 (though a July 1, 2019 estimate placed the population at 318,192).
Cowaszee Nanabhoy Davar
Cowasjee Nanabhai Davar(1815-1873)  is known for his pioneering efforts in laying the foundation of the cotton industry in India. He established multiple cotton mills in India. The first was  Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company, and another was the Bombay Throstle mill company in Bombay.

He is credited with laying the foundation work of cotton mill production in India.

Throstle frame
The throstle frame was a spinning machine for cotton, wool, and other fibers, differing from a mule in having a continuous action, the processes of drawing, twisting, and winding being carried on simultaneously. It derived its name from the "singing or humming which it occasioned," throstle being a dialect name for the song thrush.
Suzy Loftus
Suzanne Theresa Loftus is an American attorney who served as interim San Francisco district attorney, nominated by Mayor London Breed after the resignation of George Gascón. Loftus ran in the 2019 San Francisco District Attorney election, losing narrowly to criminal justice reform advocate Chesa Boudin.

San Francisco District Attorney's Office
The San Francisco District Attorney's Office is the legal agency charged with prosecuting crimes in the City and County of San Francisco, California, under California state law. 
The current district attorney is Brooke Jenkins. Occupants of this office have gone on to higher elected offices, including: governor of California, United States senator, and vice president of the United States.
Creve Coeur, Illinois
Creve Coeur is a village in Groveland Township, Tazewell County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the village population was 4,934. Creve Coeur is a suburb of Peoria and is part of the Peoria, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Tazewell County, Illinois
Tazewell County (/ˈtæzwɛl/) is located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 131,343. Its county seat and largest city is Pekin. It is pronounced with a short "a", to rhyme with "razz" rather than "raze."

Tazewell County is part of the Peoria metropolitan area. The majority of the population lives along the county's western border.
Sinum
Sinum is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sininae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.

Most naticids have shells that are globular, but the shell of species in the genus Sinum is flattened to some extent, some being so flattened that they are ear-shaped.

Naticidae
Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of the species in this family are mostly globular in shape.

Naticidae is the only family in the superfamily Naticoidea.

It has been estimated that worldwide there are about 260–270 recent species of naticid snails. This group is assumed to have originated in the late Triassic or in the early Jurassic. Members of this family can be recognized by the shape of their shells, distinct appearance, or by their predatory behaviour.
Aeon (eikaiwa)
Aeon (株式会社イーオン, Kabushikigaisha Īon) is a chain of English conversation teaching companies in Japan. It is considered one of the historical "Big Four"  eikaiwa schools. The company operates 320 branch schools throughout Japan, and maintains staff recruitment offices in New York City and Los Angeles.

In November 2013 it was reported that Aeon had approximately 100,000 students studying English.

Eikaiwa school
Eikaiwa kyōshitsu (英会話教室) or Eikaiwa gakkō (英会話学校) are English conversation schools, usually privately operated, in Japan. It is a combination of the word eikaiwa (英会話; English language conversation) and kyōshitsu (教室; classroom) or gakkō (学校; school).
D.I.C.E. Awards
The D.I.C.E. Awards (formerly the Interactive Achievement Awards) is an annual awards show in the video game industry, and commonly referred to as the video game equivalent of the Academy Awards. The awards are arranged by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences (AIAS) and held during the AIAS' annual D.I.C.E. Summit in Las Vegas. "D.I.C.E." is a backronym for "Design Innovate Communicate Entertain". The D.I.C.E. Awards recognizes games, individuals, and development teams that have contributed to the advancement of the multi-billion dollar worldwide entertainment software industry.

D.I.C.E. Award for Outstanding Achievement in Story
The D.I.C.E. Award for Outstanding Achievement in Story is an award presented annually by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences during the D.I.C.E. Awards. This award is "presented to the individual or team whose work has furthered the interactive experience through the creation of a game world — whether an original creation, one adapted from existing material, or an extension of an existing property which best exemplifies the coalescence of setting, character, and plot". Creative/technical Academy members with expertise as a game designer or producer are qualified to vote for this award. It was first offered at the 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, with its first winner being Pokémon Red and Blue.

The award's most recent winner is Clair Obscur: Expedition 33, developed by Sandfall Interactive and published by Kepler Interactive.
MTV Europe Music Award for Best Group
The MTV Europe Music Award for Best Group is one of the original general awards that has been handed at the MTV Europe Music Awards. It was awarded every year from 1994 to 2009 and from 2018 to 2021. The award was revived once again in 2023, but ultimately it was one of the three categories for which no winner was announced, along with the awards for the Biggest Fans and Best Israeli Act.

The Spice Girls, the Backstreet Boys and Linkin Park have all won the award twice. The world-famous South Korean group BTS won the award four times in a row, winning in every year they were nominated.

U2 is the group that was nominated more times, having been nominated five times between 1995 and 2005.

2005 MTV Europe Music Awards
The 2005 MTV Europe Music Awards were held at Pavilhão Atlântico,
Lisbon, Portugal.

The show was opened by Madonna, performing "Hung Up". Other performers included Pussycat Dolls, The Black Eyed Peas, Robbie Williams and Foo Fighters.

Presenters included Anastacia, Jared Leto, John Legend, Sugababes and Brittany Murphy.
Astragalus lentiformis
Astragalus lentiformis is a species of milkvetch known by the common name lens-pod milkvetch. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada in eastern Plumas County, California, where it grows in chaparral scrub and coniferous forests.

Astragalus (plant)
Astragalus is a large genus of over 3,000 species of herbs and small shrubs, belonging to the legume family Fabaceae and the subfamily Faboideae. It is the largest genus of plants in terms of described species. The genus is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names include milkvetch (most species), locoweed (in North America, some species) and goat's-thorn (A. gummifer, A. tragacantha). Some pale-flowered vetches (Vicia spp.) are similar in appearance, but they are more vine-like than Astragalus.
Jeremy Camp
Jeremy Thomas Camp (born January 12, 1978) is an American contemporary Christian singer and songwriter from Lafayette, Indiana. He has released eleven albums, four of them RIAA-certified as Gold, and two live albums. Camp's original music is a mixture of ballads and up-tempo songs with rock influence. He has won five GMA Dove Awards, has been nominated for three American Music Awards, and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album in 2010 for his album, Speaking Louder Than Before. I Still Believe, a film based on Camp's first marriage, was released in 2020, with Camp being played by New Zealand actor KJ Apa.

We Cry Out: The Worship Project
We Cry Out: The Worship Project is the seventh studio album from contemporary Christian musician Jeremy Camp. It was released on August 24, 2010, and peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Christian Albums Charts and No. 15 on the Billboard 200.
1997 Virginia gubernatorial election
The 1997 Virginia gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1997, to elect the next governor of Virginia. The election was concurrent with other elections for Virginia's statewide offices, the House of Delegates, and other various political offices. Incumbent Republican governor George Allen, was ineligible to run for re-election, as the Constitution of Virginia prohibits its governors from  serving consecutive terms. The Republican candidate, Jim Gilmore, the Attorney General of Virginia defeated the Democratic nominee, Don Beyer, the incumbent Lieutenant Governor.

Coupled with Republican gains in the House of Delegates in 1999, Republicans won a trifecta in the state for the first time since 1870. As of 2026, this is the last time in which the Republicans won the governorship for two consecutive terms.

1997 Virginia House of Delegates election
The Virginia House of Delegates election of 1997 was held on Tuesday, November 4. The 1997 general election yielded a 51-48-1 Democratic majority. David Brickley resigned his seat right afterward, however, and a special election for District 51 was called. His seat flipped to the Republicans, and with Independent Lacey Putney siding with the Republicans, the chamber was tied. Democrats retained the Speakership through a power-sharing agreement.
Alectra (plant)
Alectra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. It comprises hemiparasitic species which occur in tropical and southern Africa, including Madagascar, and tropical and subtropical Asia.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.
Nawada district
Nawada district is one of the thirty-eight districts of the Indian state of Bihar. Nawada is its administrative headquarters. The district is the easternmost district of the Magadh division, one of the nine administrative divisions of Bihar. The area of the modern district was historically part of the Magadha, Shunga and Gupta empires. Koderma and Giridih districts of the state of Jharkhand lie on the southern border of the district; it also shares borders with the Gaya, Nalanda, Sheikhpura, and Jamui districts of Bihar.

Sheikhpura district
Sheikhpura district is one of the thirty-eight districts in Bihar, India and a part of the Munger division with Sheikhpura as its administrative headquarters. Established on 31 July 1994 from the Munger district due to political efforts by Rajo Singh, it was the least populous district in Bihar as of the 2011 census. Shri Krishna Sinha, the first chief minister of Bihar, was born in Maur village, which is now situated in Barbigha block of this district.
Ocean Center Building
The Ocean Center Building is a 14-story, 197-foot-tall residential building  in downtown Long Beach, California. It was built in 1929 and designed by Raymond M. Kennedy under the Los Angeles architecture firm Meyer & Holler.

Downtown Long Beach
Downtown Long Beach, California, United States is the location for most of the city's major tourist attractions, municipal services and for numerous businesses. There are many hotels and restaurants in the area that serve locals, tourists, and convention visitors.
Kike (futsal player)
Enrique Boned Guillot (born 4 May 1978), commonly known as Kike, is a former Spanish futsal player who played as a Defender.

He was named the 2009 Futsal Player of the Year by Futsal Planet. He is one of only 2 players, along with Javi Rodriguez to have been part of 4 Futsal World Cup finalist teams (2000, 2004, 2008, 2012).

Javi Rodríguez (futsal player)
Javier Rodríguez Nebreda (born 26 March 1974), commonly known as Javi Rodríguez, is a Spanish futsal player who plays for Baku United as a winger.

He was named the 2005 Futsal Player of the Year by Futsal Planet. He was a member of 4 Futsal World Cup finalist teams (1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008), an accolade only equalled by fellow Spaniard Kike. He is considered amongst the greatest futsal players ever
Durgeshgorer Guptodhon
Durgeshgorer Guptodhon (lit. 'The treasure of Durgeshgor') is a 2019 Indian Bengali-language action-adventure film directed by Dhrubo Banerjee  and produced by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni. It is a sequel to Guptodhoner Sandhane and the second film in the Sona Da franchise. This film was released on 24 May 2019 under the banner of SVF Entertainment and it was highest grossing movie of 2019.

Arjun Chakrabarty
Arjun Chakrabarty is an Indian Bengali film and television actor best known for his portrayal of the character Gora in the Bengali musical television series Gaaner Oparey that aired on Star Jalsha from 28 June 2010 to 16 April 2011. Chakrabarty is also known for acting in the Bengali drama-romance-comedy television series Jamai Raja (2017–2018), where he played the lead role Ishan Chatterjee. He hails from a family which has had a legacy of association with the Bengali cultural arena, starting from Jochhon Dastidar and Chandra Dastidar (his paternal great uncle and aunt), Bijon Bhattacharya (his paternal great uncle), Jagdish Chandra Chakrabarty and Monika Chakrabarty (his paternal grandparents) and his parents Sabyasachi Chakrabarty and Mithu Chakrabarty. He debuted on the big screen with Sudeshna Roy and Abhijit Guha's Bapi Bari Jaa in 2012.

Calcutta Times voted him as one of the 10 Most Desirable Men in 2015, 2019 and 2020.
Catherine Frot
Catherine Frot (French pronunciation: [katʁin fʁo]; born 1 May 1956) is a French actress. A 10-time César Award nominee, she won the awards for Best Actress
for Marguerite (2015) and Best Supporting Actress for Family Resemblances (1996). Her other films include Le Dîner de Cons (1998), La Dilettante (1999), and Haute Cuisine (2012).

César Award for Best Actress
The César Award for Best Actress (French: César de la meilleure actrice) is one of the César Awards, presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a leading role of an actress who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony. Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie.
The Japan Mosque
The Ahmadiyya Mosque, officially known as the Bait-ul-Ahad  - The Japan Mosque (Japanese: ベイトゥルアハドモスク - 日本のモスク), is a mosque, located in Tsushima, on the outskirts of Nagoya, in the Aichi Prefecture of Japan.

Opened on 20 November 2015 by Mirza Masroor Ahmad, the fifth caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.

The Ahmadiyya movement was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who claimed that he received divine revelation at the age of 41 and, in 1889, declared himself to be the Messiah and the Mahdi. Since this contradicts the Islamic belief that Muhammad is the final prophet, many mainstream Muslims consider the movement heretical (non-Muslim).
Therefore, this mosque is also not considered an Islamic mosque.

Tsushima, Aichi
Tsushima (津島市, Tsushima-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan.  As of October 1, 2019, the city had an estimated population of 61,647 in 26,559 households, and a population density of 2,457 persons per km². The total area of the city is 25.09 square kilometres (9.69 sq mi).
Beit Ghazaleh
Beit Ghazaleh (The Ġazaleh House; Arabic: بيت غزالة) is one of the largest and better-preserved palaces from the Ottoman period in Aleppo.  It was named after the Ghazaleh family that owned it for about two centuries.   Since 1914, it was used as a public school and restored to host the Memory Museum of the city of Aleppo. Beit Ghazaleh is located in the Al-Jdayde district of Aleppo. The structure has been damaged by warfare and earthquakes.

Looting
Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage.

Throughout history, the practice of war looting was often considered a customary right of victorious armies until the development of modern international humanitarian law.

Looting by a victorious army during war has been a common practice throughout recorded history. In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly after World War II, norms against wartime plunder became widely accepted. In modern armed conflicts, looting is prohibited by international law, and constitutes a war crime. The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 explicitly prohibited pillage and looting, codifying earlier efforts to restrain the practice in European warfare.
Kedleston Hall
Kedleston Hall is a large English country house with a Palladian exterior and Neo-classical interiors, now owned by the National Trust, built in the 1760s as the seat of the Curzon family, near Kedleston in Derbyshire, England, approximately 4 miles (6 km) north-west of Derby. The medieval village of Kedleston was moved in 1759 by Nathaniel Curzon to make way for the manor. All that remains of the original village is the 12th-century All Saints Church.

Andrea Palladio
Andrea Palladio (/pəˈlɑːdioʊ/ pə-LAH-dee-oh; Italian: [anˈdrɛːa palˈlaːdjo]; Venetian: Andrea Paładio; 30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius, is widely considered to be one of the most influential individuals in the history of architecture. While he designed churches and palaces, he was best known for country houses and villas. His teachings, summarized in the architectural treatise, The Four Books of Architecture, gained him wide recognition.

The city of Vicenza, with its 23 buildings designed by Palladio, and his 24 villas in the Veneto are listed by UNESCO as part of a World Heritage Site named City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto. The churches of Palladio are to be found within the "Venice and its Lagoon" UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Fugglestone St Peter
Fugglestone St Peter was a small village, manor, and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, lying between the town of Wilton and the city of Salisbury. The civil parish came to an end in 1894 when it was divided between the adjoining parishes, and today Fugglestone is a largely residential area in the north of Wilton parish; however, the 13th-century parish church survives.

Wilton, Wiltshire
Wilton is a town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. Lying about 3 miles (5 km) west of the city of Salisbury, and until 1889 the county town of Wiltshire, it has a rich heritage dating back to the Anglo-Saxons. The parish had a population of 4,305 at the 2021 census, an increase from the 3,579 recorded in 2011.

Carpets have been manufactured at Wilton since the 18th century. The town is home to Wilton House, country seat of the Earls of Pembroke, and has a large Romanesque Revival parish church. The rivers Wylye and Nadder meet at Wilton.
Rod Lee
Rod Lee is an American, Baltimore, Maryland-based DJ, record producer, and party MC. who is known for the popularization of Baltimore Club music. Described as "the original don of Baltimore Club" by The Washington Post, in 2005 he released "Vol. 5: the Official," a DJ mix that was the first Baltimore Club CD to be distributed nationally. His productions have contributed to the success of local stars like Bossman and Paula Campbell. He is the founder and owner of the Club Kingz record label. and has independently released four mixtapes that have circulated around the mid-Atlantic, but primarily within his native city of Baltimore.

Lee is popular among Baltimore club-goers and Baltimore Club music fans.

His song "Dance My Pain Away" was featured on the soundtrack to the HBO series, The Wire.

Baltimore club
Baltimore club, also called B'more club, B'more house or simply B'more, is a music genre that fuses breakbeat and house. It was created in Baltimore in the early 1990s by  Frank Ski, Scottie B, Shawn Caesar, DJ Technics, DJ Class, DJ Patrick, Kenny B, among others.

Baltimore club is based on an 8/4 beat structure, and includes tempos around 130 beats per minute. It combines repetitive, looped vocal snippets similar to trap, bounce, ghetto house and ghettotech. The instrumental tracks include heavy breakbeats and call and response stanzas similar to those found in the go-go music of neighboring city Washington, D.C. The most prominent breakbeats sampled include "Sing Sing" by disco band "Gaz" and "Think (About It)" by Lyn Collins.