hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rancho San Ramon (Amador)
Rancho San Ramon (St. Raymond Ranch in Spanish) was a 20,968-acre (84.85 km2) Mexican land grant in the southern San Ramon Valley of present-day Contra Costa County, California.  Rancho San Ramon (Pacheco-Castro) was adjacent in the northern San Ramon Valley.

It was given in 1834 by Governor Jose Figueroa to Jose Maria Amador.

The five-square-league (60 square miles) San Ramon grant stretched down the San Ramon Valley from what is now southern Danville on the north to Dublin on the south, and from the crest of the western ridge to the crest of the east, and encompassed present-day Dougherty Valley. The Dublin area was called "Amador" for many years.

Danville, California
The Town of Danville is located in the San Ramon Valley in Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is one of the incorporated municipalities in California that use "town" in their names instead of "city". The population was 43,582 at the 2020 census. Since 2018, for five consecutive years, Danville was named "the safest town in California".

The Iron Horse Regional Trail runs through Danville. It was first a railroad that has been converted to a 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) corridor of bike and hike trails as well as controlled intersections. Extending from Livermore to Concord, the trail passes through Danville.

Danville is also home to the Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site, Village Theatre and Art Gallery, and the Museum of the San Ramon Valley.
Huskie Stadium
Brigham Field at Huskie Stadium is a college football stadium located on the campus of Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois. Opened 60 years ago in 1965, it is the home field of the NIU Huskies of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).

Northern Illinois Huskies football
The Northern Illinois Huskies football team are a college football program representing Northern Illinois University (NIU) in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of college football. NIU football plays its home games at Huskie Stadium on the campus of the Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois.

The Huskies completed the most recent of their two stints in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in the 2025 season, having first played in the conference from 1975–85 before returning in 1997. They won six MAC championships – in 1983, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2018, and 2021. NIU has played in 12 postseason bowl games since 2004, most notably the 2013 Orange Bowl.

The Huskies have agreed to move to the Mountain West Conference as a football-only member in 2026.
Velocity (album)
Velocity is the debut studio album by American new wave and synth-pop band the Vels, released in 1984 by Mercury Records and PolyGram. Whilst the album itself failed to chart, it featured two songs that charted on the U.S. Billboard Dance Club Songs chart, with "Hieroglyphics" peaking at No. 30 and "Look My Way" peaking at No. 39. "Look My Way" also peaked at No. 72 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, their only showing on that chart.

To date, the album remains unavailable on CD, and it has been out of print since its initial release on vinyl and cassette. However, in 2023 Vels' founding member Charles Hanson made Velocity available for streaming, and as a digital download on Amazon Music, and the iTunes Store, with a rearranged track listing, and two bonus tracks.

Alice Cohen
Alice Melinda Cohen (born November 25, 1958) also known by the stage name Alice Desoto, is a New York City-based American singer, songwriter, musician and fine artist. She has performed as the lead vocalist for two major label bands, the Vels and Die Monster Die. The Vels were the more commercially successful of the two, with their 1984 single "Look My Way" peaking at No. 72 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. Cohen has also pursued a solo career and has released eight studio albums since 2008.
Battle of Sedgemoor
The Battle of Sedgemoor was the final and decisive engagement of the Monmouth Rebellion, between forces loyal to James II and rebel forces led by the Duke of Monmouth. It was fought on 6 July 1685 at Westonzoyland near Bridgwater in Somerset, England.

The battle followed a series of skirmishes around south-west England between these two forces. King James' forces won the battle, and took about 500 prisoners. Monmouth escaped from the battlefield but was captured, taken to London and executed nine days later. Many of Monmouth's supporters were tried during the Bloody Assizes. Many were transported abroad, while others were executed by drawing and quartering.

Royal Scots
The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment), once known as the Royal Regiment of Foot, was the oldest and most senior infantry regiment of the line of the British Army, having been raised in 1633 during the reign of Charles I. The regiment existed continuously until 2006, when it amalgamated with the King's Own Scottish Borderers to become the Royal Scots Borderers, which merged with the Royal Highland Fusiliers (Princess Margaret's Own Glasgow and Ayrshire Regiment), the Black Watch, the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons) and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders to form the Royal Regiment of Scotland.
Diocese of Verdun
The Diocese of Verdun (Latin: Dioecesis Virodunensis; French: Diocèse de Verdun) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Besançon. The Diocese of Verdun corresponds to the département of Meuse in the région of Lorraine. The diocese is subdivided into 577 parishes.

Verdun Cathedral
Verdun Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Verdun) is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Verdun, Lorraine, France. The cathedral is the seat of the Bishops of Verdun. It was declared a monument historique on 30 October 1906 and the cloister on 13 July 1907.
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh  (1890– 3 December 1969), was a Saudi Arabian religious scholar who served as the first Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia from 1953 until his death in 1969. He is recognized as being amongst the forefront of Salafi theologians in history.

Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia
The Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia is the highest-ranking and most influential religious and legal authority in Saudi Arabia. The position is appointed by the King of Saudi Arabia. The Grand Mufti serves as the head of the Permanent Committee for Islamic Research and Ifta.
1992 Davis Cup
The 1992 Davis Cup (also known as the 1992 Davis Cup by NEC for sponsorship purposes) was the 81st edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 93 teams would enter the competition, 16 in the World Group, 21 in the Americas Zone, 23 in the Asia/Oceania Zone, and 33 in the Europe/Africa Zone. Due to the increased number of entries, the tournament was expanded to add a Group III in all zones, with promotion and relegation between it and Group II. Puerto Rico and Qatar made their first appearances in the tournament, and former champions South Africa returned to the tournament for the first time since 1978.

The United States defeated Switzerland in the final, held at the Tarrant County Convention Center in Fort Worth, Texas, United States, on 4–6 December, to win their 30th title overall.

Fort Worth Convention Center
The Fort Worth Convention Center (formerly known as the  Tarrant County Convention Center) is a convention center and indoor arena located in downtown Fort Worth, Texas. The complex opened on September 30, 1968, and was expanded in 1983, 2002 and 2003.
Toyota Blizzard
The Toyota Blizzard is a four-wheel-drive vehicle built by Daihatsu for Toyota from March 1980 to 1990. The first generation LD10 was a version of the Daihatsu Taft and the second generation LD20 was based on the Daihatsu Rugger. The Blizzard was exclusive to Toyota Vista Store locations.

Toyota L engine
The L family is a family of inline four-cylinder diesel engines manufactured by Toyota, which first appeared in October 1977. It is the first diesel engine from Toyota to use a rubber timing belt in conjunction with a SOHC head. Some engines like the 2L-II and the 2L-T are still in production to the present day. As of August 2020, the 5L-E engine is still used in Gibraltar in the fifth-generation Toyota HiAce, eighth-generation Toyota Hilux, second-generation Toyota Fortuner, and fourth-generation Toyota Land Cruiser Prado. Vehicles with the diesel engine were exclusive to Toyota Japan dealership locations called Toyota Diesel Store until that sales channel was disbanded in 1988.
Highjump Archipelago
The Highjump Archipelago is a group of rocky islands, rocks and ice rises in Antarctica, about 93 kilometres (50 nmi) long and from 9 to 28 kilometres (5 to 15 nmi) wide, lying generally north of the Bunger Hills and extending from the Taylor Islands, close northwest of Cape Hordern, to a prominent group of ice rises which terminate close west of Cape Elliott. It was delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump 1946–47 and so named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names. The codeword "highjump" was used for identifying the U.S. Navy Task Force 68, 1946–47. This task force was divided into three groups which completed photographic flights covering approximately 70 per cent of the coastal areas of Antarctica, excluding the Antarctic Peninsula, as well as significant portions of the interior.

Taylor Islands
Taylor Islands (66°10′S 100°17′E﻿ / ﻿66.167°S 100.283°E﻿ / -66.167; 100.283) is a group of rocky islands and rocks in Antarctica, lying at the west side of Edisto Ice Tongue and marking the west end of the Highjump Archipelago. Delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named for Richard Spence Taylor, who served as surveyor with the U.S. Navy Operation Windmill parties which established astronomical control stations from Wilhelm II Coast to Budd Coast in January–February 1948.
Ken Narasaki
Ken Narasaki (born April 4, 1958) is an American playwright and actor. He is the former Literary Manager at East West Players theatre company in Los Angeles. He is the twin brother of civil rights leader Karen Narasaki.

Karen Narasaki
Karen K. Narasaki (born April 4, 1958) is an American civil rights leader and human rights activist. She most recently served as a Commissioner on the United States Commission on Civil Rights after President Barack Obama appointed her in July 2014.  She is the former president and executive director of Asian Americans Advancing Justice (AAJC). Asian Americans Advancing Justice (AAJC) is a Washington, D.C.–based, nonprofit, nonpartisan, civil rights organization whose mission is to advance the human and civil rights of Asian Pacific Americans through advocacy, public policy, public education and litigation. Prior to her post at AAJC, she served as the Washington, D.C. representative to the Japanese American Citizens League. Narasaki has also served as the chairperson of the National Council of Asian Pacific Americans and as the chairwoman of the Asian Pacific American Media Coalition.
Kansai-kan of the National Diet Library
Kansai-kan of the National Diet Library (国立国会図書館関西館, Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Kansai-kan) is the facility of the National Diet Library, opened in October, 2002. It is based at the Kansai Science City in Seika Town, Soraku District, Kyoto Prefecture.

In 1978, a first basic concept of Kansai-kan of the NDL was shown as the "Second National Diet Library" by local governments, academic societies and businesses in Kansai region.  National Diet Library officially launched the Research Committee for the Kansai Project of the National Diet Library (NDL) in 1982. And the  second library was renamed as the Kansai-kan(the present name) in 1987.

Seika, Kyoto
Seika (精華町, Seika-chō) is a town located in Sōraku District, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2023 the town has an estimated population of 36,542 in 15,468 households and a population density of 1,400 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 25.68 square kilometres (9.92 sq mi).
Cefpirome
Cefpirome is a fourth-generation cephalosporin. Trade names include Cefrom, Keiten, Broact, and Cefir. Cefpirome is considered highly active against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram-positive bacteria.

Cephalosporin
The cephalosporins (sg. /ˌsɛfələˈspɔːrɪn, ˌkɛ-, -loʊ-/) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungal genus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium.

Together with cephamycins, they constitute a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics called cephems. Cephalosporins were discovered in 1945, and first sold in 1964.
Horace J. Jackson
Horace J. Jackson (August 1845 – January 7, 1915) was an American drayman, dockworker and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1881 to 1883. A founding member of the Workingmen's Party of California, he was elected in 1880 on a Workingmen's-Democratic Fusion ticket. He was later active in Democratic and Union Labor Party politics.

Jackson served in the Union Army under General George McClellan during the Civil War. He was a member of the Riggers' and Stevedores' Union and spoke in favor of the Union Labor Party shortly after its foundation. As the San Francisco Examiner wrote:

Horace Jackson of the Longshoremen's Union said the laboring man was always looking for someone in the so-called educated classes to be his master. There is no need, he said, to do so. The wageworker is intelligent enough to manage his own affairs, political or otherwise.

Union Labor Party (California)
The Union Labor Party was a San Francisco, California working class political party of the first decade of the 20th century. The organization, which endorsed the doctrine of nativism, rose to prominence in both the labor movement and urban politics in the years after 1901, electing its nominee as Mayor of San Francisco in 1901, 1903, 1905, and 1909.
Listed buildings in Ugthorpe
Ugthorpe is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It contains 16 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Ugthorpe and the surrounding countryside. Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, and farmhouses and farm buildings, and the others include a church and a milepost.

Ugthorpe
Ugthorpe is a village and civil parish situated near Whitby, North Yorkshire, England. According to the 2011 UK census, Ugthorpe parish had a population of 225, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 201.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Kinetic PreProcessor
The Kinetic PreProcessor (KPP) is an open-source software tool used in atmospheric chemistry. Taking a set of chemical reactions and their rate coefficients as input, KPP generates Fortran 90, FORTRAN 77, C, or Matlab code 
of the resulting ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Solving the ODEs allows the temporal integration of the kinetic system. Efficiency is obtained by exploiting the sparsity structures of the Jacobian and of the Hessian. A comprehensive suite of stiff numerical integrators is also provided. Moreover, KPP can be used to generate the tangent linear model, as well as the continuous and discrete adjoint models of the chemical system.

Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science that studies the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets. This multidisciplinary approach of research draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology, climatology and other disciplines to understand both natural and human-induced changes in atmospheric composition. Key areas of research include the behavior of trace gasses, the formation of pollutants, and the role of aerosols and greenhouse gasses. Through a combination of observations, laboratory experiments, and computer modeling, atmospheric chemists investigate the causes and consequences of atmospheric changes.
Pleasant View station
Pleasant View is a closed commuter rail station in Pleasant View, Utah, formerly served by the Utah Transit Authority's (UTA) FrontRunner train.

Located approximately 6 miles north of Ogden Central station, Pleasant View was the northernmost station along the FrontRunner line prior to its closure on August 10, 2018, when service north of Ogden was suspended. It was also the least-used station on FrontRunner, with few daily riders. The cost of implementing federally-mandated positive train control for the section of track north of Ogden, which is owned by the Union Pacific Railroad (UP), prompted the closure.

Pleasant View, Utah
Pleasant View is a city on the northern edge of Weber County, Utah, United States. The population was 11,083 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is a suburban community of Ogden.
Théodicée
Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal (from French: Essays of Theodicy on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil), more simply known as Théodicée [te.ɔ.di.se], is a book of philosophy by the German polymath Gottfried Leibniz. The book, published in 1710, introduced the term theodicy, and its optimistic approach to the problem of evil is thought to have inspired Voltaire's Candide (albeit satirically). Much of the work consists of a response to the ideas of the French philosopher Pierre Bayle and based on the author's conversation with Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, with whom Leibniz carried on a debate for many years.

Théodicée was the only book Leibniz published during his lifetime; his other book, New Essays on Human Understanding, was published after his death, in 1765.

New Essays on Human Understanding
New Essays on Human Understanding (French: Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain) is a chapter-by-chapter rebuttal by Gottfried Leibniz of John Locke's major work An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689). It is one of only two full-length works by Leibniz (the other being the Theodicy). It was finished in 1704, but Locke's death was the cause alleged by Leibniz to withhold its publication. The book was published in 1765, some 60 years following its completion. Leibniz had died in 1716, and never saw its published form.

Like many philosophical works of the time, it is written in dialogue form.
Garda Commissioner
The Garda Commissioner (Irish: Coimisinéir na nGardaí) – officially known as the Commissioner of An Garda Síochána (Irish: Coimisinéir an Gharda Síochána) – is the head of the Garda Síochána, the national police force of Ireland. The Garda Commissioner is appointed by the Government of Ireland (Cabinet), on the recommendation of the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration. The Commissioner reports to the Minister for Justice, in charge of the Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration, of which the Garda Síochána is a state agency. The Garda Commissioner sits on the Irish Government's National Security Committee (NSC), and is responsible for Ireland's domestic state security apparatus.

The current Garda Commissioner is Justin Kelly, as of 1 September 2025.

Justin Kelly (police officer)
Justin Kelly is an Irish police officer, currently serving as 22nd Commissioner of the Garda Síochána, the police and security service of Ireland, having previously served in that force over 30 years, including in several senior roles. His appointment was confirmed by the government of Ireland at a cabinet meeting on the 29 July 2025, and became effective on the retirement of Drew Harris, on 1 September 2025. Kelly had served as Deputy Commissioner of the force since October 2024.
Puerto Iguazú
Puerto Iguazú is a border city in the province of Misiones, Argentina. With a population of 82,227 (2010 census [INDEC]),
it is the fourth largest city in the Province, after Posadas, Oberá, and Eldorado.
The Iguazú Falls are 18 kilometres (11 mi) away from the city, and as a result the city has developed much of its infrastructure around tourism.

Tancredo Neves Bridge
The Tancredo Neves Bridge, better known as Fraternity Bridge (Portuguese: Ponte da Fraternidade, Spanish: Puente de la Fraternidad) connects the Brazilian city of Foz do Iguaçu with the Argentine Puerto Iguazú, crossing over the Iguassu River.

The idea of building the bridge had begun after the construction of the Friendship Bridge 1965, between Brazil and Paraguay. The Fraternity Bridge's construction started on January 13, 1982, and was officially inaugurated on November 29, 1985, and named after Brazilian politician Tancredo Neves.

The bridge is 489 metres (1,604 feet) long, 16.5 metres (54 feet) wide and 70 metres (230 feet) high at its highest point.
Hull F.C.
Hull Football Club, commonly referred to as Hull or Hull F.C., is a professional rugby league club based in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Hull play their home games at the MKM Stadium and compete in Super League, the top tier of British rugby league

Hull have won the League Championship six times and Challenge Cup five times.

The club's traditional home colours are white shirts with black hoops and black shorts. The city of Hull is split in two by the River Hull with Hull F.C. representing the West side and cross city rivals Hull Kingston Rovers representing the East side.

1984–85 Challenge Cup
The 1984–85 Challenge Cup was the 84th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. The 1984–85 Rugby Football League season's tournament was known as the Silk Cut Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons. It culminated in a final contested by Wigan and Hull F.C. at Wembley, London before a crowd of 99,801. Wigan won the match 28–24 with their Australian stand-off half, Brett Kenny winning the Lance Todd Trophy as man of the match.
Mercury cadmium telluride
Hg1−xCdxTe or mercury cadmium telluride (also cadmium mercury telluride, MCT, MerCad Telluride, MerCadTel, MerCaT or CMT) is a chemical compound of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and mercury telluride (HgTe) with a tunable bandgap spanning the shortwave infrared to the very long wave infrared regions.

The amount of cadmium (Cd) in the alloy can be chosen so as to tune the optical absorption of the material to the desired infrared wavelength. 
CdTe is a semiconductor with a bandgap of approximately 1.5 eV at room temperature. HgTe is a semimetal, which means that its bandgap energy is zero. Mixing these two substances allows one to obtain any bandgap between 0 and 1.5 eV.

Quantum well infrared photodetector
A Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) is an infrared photodetector, which uses electronic intersubband transitions in quantum wells to absorb photons. In order to be used for infrared detection, the parameters of the quantum wells in the quantum well infrared photodetector are adjusted so that the energy difference between its first and second quantized states match the incoming infrared photon energy. QWIPs are typically made of gallium arsenide, a material commonly found in smartphones and high-speed communications equipment. Depending on the material and the design of the quantum wells, the energy levels of the QWIP can be tailored to absorb radiation in the infrared region from 3 to 20 μm.

QWIPs are one of the simplest quantum mechanical device structures that can detect mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared radiation. They are known for their stability, high pixel-to-pixel uniformity, and high-pixel operability.