hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tistedalen
Tistedalen is a part of Halden in Østfold, Norway. Originally located four kilometers from the city center, the area started growing up around the sawmill industry and has now been engulfed by Halden, although it still maintains some separate identity.

Traditionally, Norway's largest sawmill industry was located in Tistedalen. In the 20th century, Tistedalen became a classic working class community, surrounded by small factories. There is some presence of different religious groups.

In 1991 and 1992 Tistedalen had four brutal murders. Tistedalen suddenly got into the focus of the media, due to one of the worst murder cases in Norwegian history. In 1994, a local man, Roger Haglund, was sentenced for the Tistedalen Murders.
The name Tistedal comes from the river "Tista" and "dal" meaning the valley. It is also called Tistdærn by the locals.

Halden
Halden (pronounced [ˈhɑ̀ɫdn̩] ⓘ), between 1665 and 1928 known as Fredrikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Strömstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast.

The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about 120 km (75 mi) south of Oslo, 190 km (120 mi) north of Gothenburg, and 12 km (7.5 mi) west of the border crossing at Svinesund.
Calpain
A calpain (/ˈkælpeɪn/; EC 3.4.22.52, EC 3.4.22.53) is a protein belonging to the family of calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases (proteolytic enzymes) expressed ubiquitously in mammals and many other organisms. Calpains constitute the C2 family of protease clan CA in the MEROPS database. The calpain proteolytic system includes the calpain proteases, the small regulatory subunit CAPNS1, also known as CAPN4, and the endogenous calpain-specific inhibitor, calpastatin.

Calpastatin
Calpastatin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAST gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is an endogenous calpain (calcium-dependent cysteine protease) inhibitor. It consists of an N-terminal domain L and four repetitive calpain-inhibition domains (domains 1–4), and it is involved in the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein. The calpain/calpastatin system is involved in numerous membrane fusion events, such as neural vesicle exocytosis and platelet and red-cell aggregation. The encoded protein is also thought to affect the expression levels of genes encoding structural or regulatory proteins. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length natures of only some have been determined.
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the State of Colorado, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections will coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections will take place on June 30, 2026.

2026 United States House of Representatives elections
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections are scheduled to be held on Tuesday, November 3, 2026, as part of the 2026 midterm elections during President Donald Trump's second, non-consecutive term. Voters will elect representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states, and five of the six non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and the inhabited U.S. territories.

Special elections may also be held on dates throughout 2026. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including elections to the Senate, will be held on this date. The winners of this election will serve in the 120th United States Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 2020 United States census and revised district maps as a result of the 2025–2026 United States redistricting.
Leica M mount
The Leica M mount is a camera lens mount introduced in 1954 with the Leica M3, and a range of lenses. It has been used on all the Leica M-series cameras and certain accessories (e.g. Visoflex reflex viewing attachment) up to the current film Leica M-A and digital Leica M11 cameras.

This lens mount has also been used by Epson, Ricoh, Minolta, Konica, Cosina Voigtländer, Rollei, Carl Zeiss AG and Rollei Fototechnic on some of their cameras.

Leica M-A
The Leica M-A (Typ 127) is a purely mechanical 35 mm rangefinder camera released by Leica Camera AG in 2014. The camera has no exposure meter, no electronic control, and no battery is required to operate it. The camera is Leica's first purely mechanical camera since the release of the Leica M4-P in 1981.
Sunan Kudus
Sunan Kudus (born Syekh Jafar As-Shodiq bin Utsman Al-Hamadani; 1500-1550), founder of Kudus, is one of the Wali Sanga (lit. "Nine Saints"), of Java, Indonesia to whom the propagation of Islam amongst the Javanese is attributed.

He is said to be at the origin of the wayang golek (traditional Sundanese puppet arts from West Java), and to have founded the mosque (masjid) at Kudus - using the doors from the palace of Majapahit.

Demak Sultanate
The Demak Sultanate (کسلطانن دمق‎) was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present-day city of Demak. A port fief to the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in the last quarter of the 15th century, it was influenced by Islam brought by Muslim traders from China, Gujarat, Arabia and also Islamic kingdoms in the region, such as Samudra Pasai, Malacca and Bani (Muslim) Champa. The sultanate was the first Muslim state in Java, and once dominated most of the northern coast of Java and southern Sumatra.

Although it lasted only a little more than a century, the sultanate played an important role in the establishment of Islam in Indonesia, especially on Java and neighboring areas.
Tsyren-Dashi Dorzhiev
Tsyren-Dashi Erdineevich Dorzhiev (Buryat: Цыре́н-Даши́ Эрдыне́евич Доржи́ев; born 20 April 1962) is a Russian politician in the Republic of Buryatia. As of the sixth convocation of the People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia, Dorzhiev is a deputy. Previously, he was the chairman of the People's Khural in its fifth convocation, from August 28, 2015, to September 19, 2018.

People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia
The People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia (Russian: Народный хурал Республики Бурятия, romanized: Narodny khural Respubliki Buryatiya; Buryat: Буряад Уласай Арадай Хурал, romanized: Buryaad Ulasay Araday Khural, [burʲˈaːt ulɐˈsæ ɑrɐˈdæ xurˈɑl]) is the regional parliament of Buryatia, a federal subject of Russia. Its 66 deputies are popularly elected every five years. Half of the deputies are elected through a proportional system, and the other half are elected in single-member constituencies with majorities. Independent deputies are self-nominated.

Elections are called by the People's Khural at least three months before the expiration of terms of deputies. Deputies are chosen by the general populace voting for their party's representatives.

The first Chairman of the People's Khural was Mikhail Innokentyevich Semyonov, who is, as of current, the only person to hold the office for two terms in a row.
Kastrupgård
Kastrupgård is a former manor house in Kastrup, a suburb of Copenhagen, Denmark. Dating from the mid 18th century, it is now a museum housing the Kastrupgård Collection (Kastrupgårdsamlingen) of modern art, which is owned and operated by Tårnby Municipality.

Tårnby Municipality
Tårnby Municipality (Danish: Tårnby Kommune, Danish pronunciation: [ˈtsʰɒːnˌpyˀ kʰoˈmuːnə]) is a kommune bordering Copenhagen Municipality on the island of Amager just east of Zealand in eastern Denmark. The municipality includes the islands of Saltholm (16 km2; 2 inhabitants 1 January 2020) and Peberholm (1.3 km2), and covers an area of 64.95 km2 of which 48.9 on Amager. It has a population of 44,034 (1 January 2025). Its mayor is Allan S. Andersen, a member of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) political party.
Passover sacrifice
The Passover sacrifice (Hebrew: קרבן  פסח, romanized: Qorban Pesaḥ), also known as the Paschal lamb or the Passover lamb, is the sacrifice that the Torah mandates the Israelites to ritually slaughter on the evening of Nisan 14, before Passover of Nisan 15, and eat lamb on the first night of the holiday with bitter herbs and matzo. According to the Torah, it was first offered on the night of the Exodus from Egypt. Although practiced by Jews in ancient times, the sacrifice is today not performed by the vast majority of Rabbinic Jews, but part of Beta Israel, Karaite and Samaritan observance.

Maror
Maror (Hebrew: מָרוֹר mārōr) are the bitter herbs eaten at the Passover Seder in keeping with the biblical commandment  "with bitter herbs they shall eat it." (Exodus 12:8). The Maror is one of the symbolic foods placed on the Passover Seder plate.
Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
Hans-Georg Friedrich Ludwig Robert von Friedeburg (15 July 1895 – 23 May 1945) was a German admiral, the deputy commander of the U-boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the second-to-last Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine. He was the only representative of the armed forces to be present at the signing of the German instruments of surrender in Luneburg Heath on 4 May 1945, in Reims on 7 May and in Berlin on 8 May 1945. Von Friedeburg committed suicide shortly afterwards, upon the dissolution of the Flensburg Government.

War Merit Cross
The War Merit Cross (German: Kriegsverdienstkreuz) was a state decoration of Nazi Germany during World War II. By the end of the conflict it was issued in four degrees and had an equivalent civil award. A "de-Nazified" version of the War Merit Cross was reissued in 1957 by the Bundeswehr for its veterans.
EuroBasket Women 1991
The 1991 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 1991, was the 23rd regional championship held by FIBA Europe. The competition was held in Israel and took place from 12 June to 17 June 1991. Soviet Union won the gold medal and Yugoslavia the silver medal while Hungary won the bronze.

EuroBasket Women
EuroBasket Women is a biennial international women's basketball competition held between the nations of FIBA Europe for women's national teams. EuroBasket Women is also used as a qualifying tournament for the FIBA Women's World Cup and also the Olympic Games.
Memphis, Florida
Memphis is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The population was 9,024 as of the 2020 census, up from 7,848 in 2010. It is part of the North Port–Bradenton–Sarasota, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Manatee County, Florida
Manatee County is located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 399,710. Manatee County is part of the Sarasota metropolitan area. Its county seat and largest city is Bradenton, Florida. The county was created in 1855 and named for the West Indian manatee, Florida's official marine mammal. Features of Manatee County include access to the southern part of the Tampa Bay estuary, the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, and the Manatee River.
2012 Minnesota Lynx season
The 2012 Minnesota Lynx season was the 14th season for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the 3rd season under head coach Cheryl Reeve.

The Lynx were the defending WNBA Champions, having won the 2011 WNBA Finals over the Atlanta Dream. The Lynx qualified for the playoffs, and finished with the best record in the WNBA. On October 7, 2012, the Lynx won their second straight WNBA Western Conference championship, earning a spot in the 2012 WNBA finals.

2012 WNBA Finals
The 2012 WNBA Finals was the series for the 2012 season of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. The Minnesota Lynx, champions of the Western Conference, faced the Indiana Fever, champions of the Eastern Conference.  The Fever defeated the Lynx three games to one becoming only the second Eastern Conference franchise to capture a WNBA title.

The WNBA Finals were under a 2–2–1 rotation. The Lynx held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record (27–7) than the Fever (22–12). The Lynx were defending their 2011 WNBA Championship. The Fever appeared in the 2009 Finals.
Master Taj-ud-Din Ansari
Master Taj-ud-Din Ansari was a figure in the history of Indian subcontinent and a leader of All India Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam. After the partition of India he left politics and struggle for Khatm-e-Nubuwwat movement with Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari, chief of Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam Pakistan. In 1953 he had a role in the movement of Tehreek-e-Khatme Nabuwwat. In 1958, the Ahrar organized again. At that time, Master Taj-ud-Din Ansari was elected for the president seat of All Pakistan Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam.

Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari
Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari (Urdu سید عطاء اللہ شاہ بخاری) (23 September 1892 – 21 August 1961), was a Hanafi Islamic scholar and a Religio-political figure from the Indian subcontinent. He was one of the Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam's founding members. His biographer, Agha Shorish Kashmiri, states that Bukhari's greatest contribution had been his germination of strong anti-British feelings among the Indian Muslims.

He is one of the most notable leaders of the Ahrar movement which was associated with opposition to Muhammad Ali Jinnah and opposition to the establishment of an independent Pakistan, as well as opposition to the Ahmadiyya Movement.

He is considered as a legendary rhetoric, which made him famous among the Muslims.
History of African Americans in Boston
Despite being one of the most important stops on the Underground Railroad, until 1950, African Americans were a small but historically important minority in Boston, where the population was majority white. Since then, Boston's demographics have changed due to factors such as immigration, white flight, and gentrification. According to census information for 2010–2014, an estimated 180,657 people in Boston (28.2% of Boston's population) are Black/African American, either alone or in combination with another race. Despite being in the minority, and despite having faced housing, educational, and other discrimination, African Americans in Boston have made significant contributions in the arts, politics, and business since colonial times.

Boston has a large foreign-born black population. Many are of Haitian, Cape Verdean, Jamaican, Trinidadian, Ethiopian, Barbadian, and Somali origin.

African Meeting House
The African Meeting House, also known variously as First African Baptist Church, First Independent Baptist Church and the Belknap Street Church, was built in 1806 and is now the oldest black church edifice still standing in the United States. A Baptist congregation led by Reverend Thomas Paul built the church. The church also established a school, at first holding classes in its basement. After serving most of the nineteenth century as a church, it then served as a synagogue until 1972 when it was purchased for the Museum of African American History.  It is located in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, adjacent to the historically Black American Abiel Smith School, now also part of the museum. It is a National Historic Landmark.
Gift of Gab (rapper)
Timothy Jerome Parker (October 7, 1970 – June 18, 2021), better known by his stage name Gift of Gab, was an American rapper best known for performing in the Bay Area hip hop duo Blackalicious along with DJ Chief Xcel. He was also a member of Quannum Projects, a Bay Area hip hop crew and record label, and performed and recorded as a solo artist.

DJ Shadow
Joshua Paul Davis (born June 29, 1972), better known by his stage name DJ Shadow, is an American DJ and record producer. His debut studio album, Endtroducing....., was released in 1996.
He uses layered production with numerous samples.

He was also formerly of the band Unkle (1996–1999).
Smidovichsky District
Smidovichsky District (Russian: Смидо́вичский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the five in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the autonomous oblast and borders Khabarovsk Krai (via the Tunguska River) in the north and east, China (via the Amur River) in the south, and Birobidzhansky District in the west. The area of the district is 5,900 square kilometers (2,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Smidovich. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,165, with the population of Smidovich accounting for 18.2% of that number.

Birobidzhansky District
Birobidzhansky District  (Russian: Биробиджа́нский райо́н, Yiddish: ביראָבידזשאַן סקי דיסטריקט) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the five in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous oblast. The area of the district is 4,442.56 square kilometers (1,715.28 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 11,907 (2010 Census);  13,018 (2002 census); 15,437 (1989 Soviet census).
Public Warning System (Singapore)
The Public Warning System (PWS) is a network of civil defense sirens installed by the Singapore Civil Defence Force on over 2,000 strategic points in Singapore to warn Singaporeans of impending dangers, air raids and atomic bomb blasts. Thus far, the siren network has only been used for occasional public awareness drills, monthly noon chimes and for commemorating the island's Total Defence (February 15). Annually, the SCDF sounds the "Important Message" signal through the island-wide network of PWS sirens on 15 February and 15 September at 6:20pm. It was also used to mark a minute's silence nationwide for the passing of former prime minister Lee Kuan Yew on the evening of 23 March 2015 and on 1 and 9 August 2020 to mark the first National Day at home.

Total Defence (Singapore)
Total Defence is Singapore's whole-of-society national defence concept, based on the premise that every aspect of society contributes to the collective defence of the state.

The strategy was first introduced in 1984 and adopted from the national defence strategies of Sweden and Switzerland. It initially consisted of five key tenets; military, civil, economic, social, and psychological, with the sixth, digital, being introduced in 2019. The strategy was amplified by the government slogan: There's A Part For Everyone, with a corresponding national song named after it when first introduced.

Total Defence Day is commemorated on 15 February annually, the day colonial Singapore surrendered to Japan in 1942 during World War II.
Warrane, Tasmania
Warrane is a suburb of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, within the City of Clarence local government area.  It is approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) from Hobart's CBD.  It is located between Rosny Park and Mornington and runs parallel to the Tasman Highway.

Warrane is a primarily residential suburb, and is served by Rosny Park for commercial services.

Public facilities include Warrane Primary School, Clarence Campus of The Tasmanian Polytechnic and the Tasmanian Academy (formerly TAFE Tasmania). St. Peter's Lutheran Church is located there.

Rosny Park
Rosny Park is a suburb of Hobart, Tasmania, located in the City of Clarence on the eastern shore of the Derwent River. It is five kilometres from the Hobart central business district. Rosny Park is the commercial twin of its residential namesake, Rosny.
Thomas Schelling
Thomas Crombie Schelling (April 14, 1921 – December 13, 2016) was an American economist and professor of foreign policy, national security, nuclear strategy, and arms control at the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. He was also co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute.

Schelling was awarded the 2005 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Robert Aumann) for "having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game theory analysis."

Focal point (game theory)
In game theory, a focal point (or Schelling point) is a solution that people tend to choose by default in the absence of communication in order to avoid coordination failure. The concept was introduced by the American economist Thomas Schelling in his book The Strategy of Conflict (1960). Schelling states that "[p]eople can often concert their intentions or expectations with others if each knows that the other is trying to do the same" in a cooperative situation (p. 57), so their action would converge on a focal point which has some kind of prominence compared with the environment. However, the conspicuousness of the focal point depends on time, place and people themselves. It may not be a definite solution.
Pancotto
Pancotto is an Italian soup prepared with pieces of stale bread boiled in broth or water and seasoned.

It is a dish from the cuisine of recovery that recalls peasant culture that would not waste bread, present in all regions of Italy with many variations due to the type of bread, the liquid used, and the cooking process. As a consequence, it has many names, such as Lombard panada, Ligurian pancheuto, and Sardinian pane cottu.

In the past, especially in Lombardy and Tuscany, it was used to promote lactation and it was served to convalescents.

Lombard cuisine
Lombard cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices of the Italian region of Lombardy. The historical events of its provinces and of the diversity of its territories resulted in a varied culinary tradition. First courses in Lombard cuisine range from risottos to soups and stuffed pasta (in broth or not), and a large choice of second-course meat or fish dishes, due to the many lakes and rivers of Lombardy.

The cuisine of the various Lombardy provinces have the following traits in common: prevalence of rice and stuffed pasta over dry pasta, both butter and olive oil for cooking, dishes cooked for a long time, as well as the widespread use of pork, milk and dairy products, and egg-based preparations, as well as the consumption of polenta, common to the whole of northern Italy.
Livermore High School
37°40′50.49″N 121°45′41.44″W﻿ / ﻿37.6806917°N 121.7615111°W﻿ / 37.6806917; -121.7615111

Founded in 1891, Livermore High School is a public high school located in the city of Livermore, California, United States. It is one of two comprehensive high schools in the Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District, with Granada High School being the other. In 2007, it was chosen as one in four schools in Alameda County to receive the California Distinguished School award.

Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District
Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District (LVJUSD) is a public school district located in Livermore, California, United States. It is located in Alameda County. As of July 2025, the superintendent is Torie Gibson, and the school board is composed of Deena Kaplanis, Christiaan VandenHeuvel, Steven Drouin, Emily Prusso, and Craig Bueno. 12,956 students enrolled in schools in the district in the 2022-2023 school year.

In addition to Livermore, it includes a portion of Dublin and a very small portion of Pleasanton. The district has a $138 parcel tax, last renewed in 2022 for seven years.