hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hook and Cod wars
The Hook and Cod wars (Dutch: Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten; sometimes semi-anglicised as the wars of the Hoecks and the Cabbeljaws) comprise a series of wars and battles in the County of Holland between 1350 and 1490. Most of these wars were fought over who should hold the title of "Count of Holland".
The Cod faction generally consisted of the more progressive cities of Holland. The Hook faction consisted for a large part of the conservative noblemen.

Polanen Castle
Polanen Castle was a castle located in today's Monster, South Holland in the Netherlands. The ancestral home of the Polanen family, it suffered a siege in 1351 and was demolished in 1394. It was replaced by a small manor somewhat to the south.
Nowon District
Nowon District (Korean: 노원구; RR: Nowon-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea, located in the most northeastern part of the metropolitan city. It is considered to be a residental district, due to its high concentration of apartments and residental buildings. It has the highest population density in Seoul, with 619,509 people living in the area of 35.44 square kilometres (13.68 sq mi).

Junggye-dong
Junggye-dong (Korean: 중계동) is a dong, neighbourhood of Nowon District, Seoul, South Korea.

In April 2013, multiplex cinema CGV Junggye opened in Junggye-dong. The neighborhood centers around bank intersection, named for the four banks on each of the four corners.
Parappurath
Kizhakkepainummoodu Easo Mathai, better known by his pen name Parappurath (1924–1981), was an Indian novelist, short story writer and screenwriter who wrote in the Malayalam language. His body of work comprises 20 novels, 14 short story anthologies and 15 screenplays. He was a recipient of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story (1966), Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel (1968) and Kerala State Film Award for Best Story (twice 1970 and 1972), amongst other honours.

Ninamaninja Kalpadukal
Ninamaninja Kalpadukal (Bloodstained Footprints) is a 1963 Malayalam language film, directed by N. N. Pisharody and produced by N.K. Karunakara Pillai and Shobhana Parameswaran Nair. The lead role is played by Prem Nazir, with Ambika, Sheela and Madhu, who debuted with this film. The film is based on a novel by Parappurath and portrays the trials the Indo-China war. It won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam. It was a super hit movie.

Song in the film include "Mamalakalkkappurathu" (by P. B. Sreenivas) and "Anuraga Natakathil" (by K. P. Udayabhanu). The songs were composed by Baburaj, with lyrics by P. Bhaskaran.
Habaek
Habaek (Korean: 하백; Hanja: 河伯), also known as Habak (Korean: 하박; Hanja: 河泊) is the Goguryeo god of the Amnok River or, according to an alternative interpretation, the sun god Haebalk (Korean: 해밝). According to legend, his daughter Yuhwa married Haemosu and gave birth to Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (Korean: 고주몽; Hanja: 高朱蒙; RR: Go Jumong; MR: Ko Chumong), the founder of Goguryeo.

Kawa-no-Kami
Kawa-no-Kami (河の神 or 川之神), also known as Kahaku (河伯) is a river deity in Japanese mythology. He is king of the river gods.

The line with this, kami is not mentioned in classical text. The Man'yōshū does however, include poems indicating that Kawa-no-Kami serves the emperor. Kawa-no-Kami is also mentioned in the Nihon Shoki. In other iterations, Kappas are a representation of him.
Westernport, Maryland
Westernport is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, United States, along the Georges Creek Valley. It is part of the Cumberland micropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Westernport had a population of 1,812.

Georges Creek Valley
Georges Creek Valley is located in Allegany County, Maryland along the Georges Creek.  The valley is rich in wide veins of coal, known historically as "The Big Vein."  Coal was once extracted by deep mines but is only mined today through surface mining.  The Georges Creek Valley was once a major center for the US coal industry.
Human-in-the-loop
Human-in-the-loop (HITL) is used in multiple contexts. It can be defined as a model requiring human interaction. HITL is associated with modeling and simulation (M&S) in the live, virtual, and constructive taxonomy. HITL, along with the related human-on-the-loop are also used in relation to lethal autonomous weapons. Further, HITL is used in the context of machine learning.

Lethal autonomous weapon
Lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs) are a type of military drone or military robot which are autonomous in that they can independently search for and engage targets based on programmed constraints and descriptions. As of 2025, most military drones and military robots are not truly autonomous. LAWs are also known as lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS), autonomous weapon systems (AWS), robotic weapons or killer robots. LAWs may engage in drone warfare in the air, on land, on water, underwater, or in space.
Alqas Mirza
Abu'l Ghazi Sultan Alqas Mirza (Persian: ابوالقاسم غازی سلطان القاس میرزا), better known as Alqas Mirza (القاس میرزا or Elkaz Mirza; 15 March 1516 – 9 April 1550), was a Safavid prince and the second surviving son of king (shah) Ismail I (r. 1501–1524). In early 1546, with Ottoman help, he staged a revolt against his brother Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576), who was king at the time.

Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)
The Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555 was one of the many military conflicts fought between the two arch rivals, the Ottoman Empire led by Suleiman the Magnificent, and the Safavid Empire led by Tahmasp I. Ottoman territorial gains were confirmed in the Peace of Amasya.
Yokohama International School
Yokohama International School (横浜インターナショナルスクール) is a co-educational international school located in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Japan.

The school consists of a pre-school (Early Learning Centre), a kindergarten/ elementary school (grades K-5), a middle school (6-8) and a high school (9-12), covering a total of 13 academic years. The language of instruction is English although Japanese, French, Spanish, Korean, and German language options are also offered to interested students according to language proficiency. The school offers a wide variety of curricula; it offers the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program, the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Program (MYP) in its first two years of high school, and then the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IB DP) in the latter 2 years of high school. The SAT is another external exam offered at the school.

Naka-ku, Yokohama
Naka-ku (中区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. In 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 146,563 and a population density of 7,080 persons per km². The total area was 20.86 km².
Pastoral
The pastoral genre of literature, art, or music depicts an idealised form of the shepherd's lifestyle – herding livestock around open areas of land according to the seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture.  The target audience is typically an urban one. A pastoral is a work of this genre. A piece of music in the genre is usually referred to as a pastorale.

The genre is also known as bucolic, from the Greek βουκολικόν, from βουκόλος, meaning a cowherd.

Jacopo Sannazaro
Jacopo Sannazaro (Italian pronunciation: [ˈjaːkopo sannadˈdzaːro]; 28 July 1458 – 6 August 1530) was an Italian poet, humanist, member and head of the Accademia Pontaniana from Naples.

He wrote easily in Latin, in Italian and in Neapolitan, but is best remembered for his humanist classic Arcadia, a masterwork that illustrated the possibilities of poetical prose in Italian, and instituted the theme of Arcadia, representing an idyllic land, in European literature. Sannazaro's elegant style was the inspiration for much courtly literature of the 16th century, including Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia.
Maggie Wilderotter
Maggie Wilderotter (born Mary Agnes Sullivan; February 9, 1955) is an American businessperson who is the chairwoman of Docusign, where she was also interim CEO from April to October 2022, and the former chief executive officer of Frontier Communications from November 2004 to April 2015, then executive chairman of the company until April 2016.

During her tenure with Frontier, the company grew from a regional telephone company with customer revenues of less than $3 billion to a national broadband, voice and video provider with operations in 29 states and annualized revenues in excess of $10 billion.

Frontier Communications
Frontier Communications Parent, Inc. is an American telecommunications company with a fiber-optic network and cloud-based services owned by Verizon. It was previously known as Citizens Utilities Co., Citizens Communications Co., and Frontier Communications Corp.

It offers broadband internet, digital television, and computer technical support to residential and business customers in 25 states – and, in some areas, also offers home phone services.
Leon, Iowa
Leon is a city in and the county seat of Decatur County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,822 at the time of the 2020 census.

The city is located near the Little River Lake Recreation Area. Leon is home to a major rodeo that has been Rodeo of the Year in Iowa for many years.

Central Decatur Community School District
Central Decatur Community School District is a rural public school district for Decatur County, Iowa, headquartered in the community of Leon, Iowa.  The district contains students from Decatur City, Grand River, Davis City, and Pleasanton. The district covers over 60% of Decatur County.

The average ACT score is 25 and over 95% of all students graduate high school. The colors are red and white, and the mascot is a cardinal.
2025 Open 13 Provence
The 2025 Open 13 Provence was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 33rd edition of the Open 13, and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2025 ATP Tour. It took place at the Palais des Sports de Marseille in Marseille, France, from 10 through 16 February 2025.

2025 ATP Tour
The 2025 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2025 tennis season. The 2025 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP 500, the ATP 250, and the United Cup (organized with the WTA). Also included in the 2025 calendar are the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), Next Gen ATP Finals, Hopman Cup and Laver Cup, none of which distribute ranking points.
Darfur
Darfur (/dɑːrˈfʊər/ dar-FOOR; Arabic: دار فور, romanized: Dār Fūr, lit. 'Realm of the Fur') is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Arabic: دار داجو, romanized: Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was  renamed Dartunjur (Arabic: دار تنجر, romanized: Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for hundreds of years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.

El Fasher
El Fasher (also alternatively rendered as Al-Fashir; Arabic: الفاشر, romanized: al-Fāshir) is a city in western Sudan. It serves as the capital of the North Darfur State, is located in the Darfur region of Sudan, and is 195 kilometres (121 mi) northeast of Nyala. A historical caravan post, El Fasher is located at an elevation of about 700 metres (2,300 ft). The city serves as an agricultural marketing point for the cereals and fruits grown in the surrounding region. El Fasher is linked by road to both Geneina and Umm Keddada.

The city was the site of a major siege during the ongoing Sudanese civil war, which lasted 18 months, before falling to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in October 2025. Shortly after the city's capture by the RSF, an estimated 60,000–68,000 civilians were killed in the El Fasher massacre.
County Route E64 (Nassau County, New York)
County Route E64 is a major, 4.51-mile (7.26 km) county road between the Incorporated Villages of Mineola and Flower Hill, in Nassau County, on Long Island, New York. It is owned by Nassau County and maintained by the Nassau County Department of Public Works.

The portion of the CR E64 south of the Long Island Expressway (Interstate 495) is known as Willis Avenue, while the portion from the Long Island Expressway north to Northern Boulevard (NY 25A) is known as Mineola Avenue. The portion of the road in Roslyn Heights is honorably named Langone Brothers Avenue, after two local firefighters killed on September 11, 2001.

A small, bypassed section of Willis Avenue exists in Albertson as a local street; this original alignment is now known as Old Willis Avenue.

Mineola, New York
Mineola (/mɪniˈoʊlə/, min-ee-OH-lə) is a village and the county seat of Nassau County, on Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 20,800 at the time of the 2020 census. It is considered the anchor community of the Greater Mineola area.

The Incorporated Village of Mineola is located primarily in the Town of North Hempstead, with the exception being a small portion of its southern edge within the Town of Hempstead. Old Country Road (CR 25) runs along the village's southern border.

The area serviced by the Mineola Post Office extends farther south into the adjacent village of Garden City, where the Old Nassau County Courthouse and other county offices are located. Offices of many Nassau County agencies are in both Mineola and Garden City.
Priestly undergarments
The priestly undergarments (Biblical Hebrew: מִכְנְסֵי־בָד, romanized: miḵnəsē-ḇāḏ) were "linen breeches" (KJV) worn by the priests and the High Priest in ancient Israel. They reached from the waist to the knees and so were not visible, being entirely hidden by the priestly tunic.

Breeches
Breeches (/ˈbrɪtʃɪz, ˈbriː-/ BRITCH-iz, BREE-chiz) are an article of  clothing covering the body from the waist down, with separate coverings for each leg, usually stopping just below the knee, though in some cases reaching to the ankles. Formerly a standard item of Western men's clothing, they had fallen out of use by the mid-19th century in favour of trousers.

Breeches became popular in the 16th century and continued to evolve in style and construction over the following centuries. By the early 19th century, however, they  had largely disappeared from everyday men's fashion, giving way to longer trousers. Although breeches went out of general use, they continued to be worn for specialized purposes such as horseback riding, ceremonial uniforms and within historical and fashion communities.

Modern athletic garments used for English riding and fencing, although called breeches or britches, differ from breeches.
Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal (alternatively marschal or marischal) is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the United Kingdom). He is the eighth of the great officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable of England and above the Lord High Admiral.  The dukes of Norfolk have held the office since 1672.

The current earl marshal is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, who inherited the position in June 2002. There were formerly an Earl Marshal of Ireland and an Earl Marischal of Scotland.

Great Officers of State (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, the Great Officers of State are traditional ministers of the Crown who either inherit their positions or are appointed to exercise certain largely ceremonial functions or to operate as members of the government. Separate Great Officers exist for England and Wales, Scotland, and formerly for the Kingdom of Ireland, though some exist for Great Britain and the United Kingdom as a whole.
Daf-1
The DAF-1 gene encodes for a cell surface Enzyme-linked receptor of TGF-beta signaling pathway in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans.  DAF-1 is one of the type I receptor of TGF-beta pathway. DAF-1 acts as a receptor protein serine/threonine kinase, is activated by type II receptor Daf-4 phosphorylation after the ligand Daf-7 binds to the receptor heterotetramer, and then phosphorylates Daf-8 or Daf-14, the SMAD proteins in C. elegans.

Daf-7
The DAF-7 gene encodes for the ortholog of GDF11, a ligand of TGF-beta signaling pathway, in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans. When binds to the complex of type II receptor Daf-4 and type I receptor Daf-1, this receptor protein serine/threonine kinase will phosphorylation activate the Smad Protein Daf-8/14.
Hebeloma vinosophyllum
Hebeloma vinosophyllum is a toxic species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. The species was described by Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1965. It was recorded from Vietnamese Pinus kesiya forests in 2014, its first record in Southeast Asia.

An ammonia fungus, it tends to grow on the corpses of animals. It contains eleven poisonous compounds collectively known as hebevinosides.

Ammonia fungi
Ammonia fungi are characterized by the rapid development and high germination rates of fruiting bodies in the presence of ammonia or other nitrogen-containing materials with alkaline soil conditions. These fungi naturally occur after decomposition events like animal excretion or death. Reproduction can be classified into two categories including early and late phase ammonia fungi. The addition of high amounts of ammonia, urea, or other nitrogen-containing materials can cause ideal soil conditions that the ammonia fungi thrive in and then revert to pre-application conditions. Ammonia fungi that develop sporophores after applications of nitrogen-containing materials are currently being studied in the field and laboratory for their mechanisms of colonization, establishment, and occurrence of fruiting bodies.
Bardello
Bardello is a frazione (hamlet) of the  comune (municipality) of Bardello con Malgesso e Bregano. It is located in the province of Varese, in the Lombardy region of northern Italy.
It had been an autonomous  comune until 1 January 2023, when it merged with Bregano and Malgesso, establishing the  comune of Bardello con Malgesso e Bregano.

Malgesso
Malgesso is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,253 and an area of 2.8 square kilometres (1.1 sq mi).

Malgesso borders the following municipalities: Bardello, Besozzo, Brebbia, Bregano, Travedona-Monate.
Shotaro Ashino
Shotaro Ashino (芦野 祥太郎, Ashino Shōtarō; born January 4, 1990) is a Japanese professional wrestler who is signed to All Japan Pro Wrestling. He was trained by and best known for his time in Wrestle-1, where he was a former two time Wrestle-1 Champion.

Wrestle-1 Grand Prix
Wrestle-1 Grand Prix was a professional wrestling tournament run by the Wrestle-1 promotion in Japan. It was inaugurated in 2015.

The tournament takes its name from a similar tournament done by the Wrestle-1 joint venture cards in 2005; however that tournament never finished, as the promotion broke up in October 2 of that year, before the semifinals could take place.
Csilla Földi
Csilla Földi (born 25 August 1968) is a retired Hungarian weightlifter who was active between 1987 and 2000. She won eight medals at the European championships, including five golds in 1989–1993. Her father Imre Földi was a 1972 Olympic champion in weightlifting.

Imre Földi
Imre Földi (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈimrɛ ˈføldi]; 8 May 1938 – 23 April 2017) was a Hungarian weightlifter. Competing at a record of five Olympic Games, he won a gold medal in 1972 and silver medals in 1964 and 1968.

During his career he set 21 world records, and after his retirement he coached his daughter to become a European champion. Földi earned numerous awards for his results and achievements, most notably he was named Weightlifter of the Century by the International Weightlifting Federation and was elected for Sportsperson of the Nation in Hungary.
Mirzaobod District
Mirzaobod is a district of Sirdaryo Region in Uzbekistan. The capital lies at the town Navroʻz. It has an area of 640 km2 (250 sq mi) and its population is 75,100 (2021 est.). The district consists of 2 urban-type settlements (Navroʻz, Oqoltin) and 9 rural communities.

Navroʻz
Navroʻz (Uzbek: Navroʻz, Russian: Навруз, romanized: Navruz) is an urban-type settlement in Sirdaryo Region, Uzbekistan. It is the administrative center of Mirzaabad District. Its population was 2,166 people in 1989, and 2,200 in 2016.
Post Office Packet Service
The Post Office Packet Service dates to Tudor times and ran until 1823, when the Admiralty assumed control of the service. Originally, the Post Office used packet ships to carry mail packets to and from British embassies, colonies and outposts. The vessels generally also carried bullion, private goods and passengers. The ships were usually lightly armed and relied on speed for their security. However, Britain was at war almost continuously during the 18th and early 19th centuries with the result that packet ships did get involved in naval engagements with enemy warships and privateers, and were occasionally captured.

Falmouth, Cornwall
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth; Cornish (SWF): Aberfala) is a town, civil parish and port on the River Fal on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Falmouth was founded in 1613 by the Killigrew family on a site near the existing Pendennis Castle. It developed as a port on the Carrick Roads harbour, overshadowing the earlier town of Penryn. In the 19th century after the arrival of the railways, tourism became important to its economy. In modern times, both industries maintain a presence in Falmouth and the town is also home to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, a campus of Falmouth University and Falmouth Art Gallery. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24,032.
Nesjøen
Nesjøen is an artificial lake (reservoir) in Tydal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The lake is part of the Nea-Nidelv watershed which lies on the western part of the Sylan mountain range. The lake lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the municipal center of Ås and 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) north of the village of Stugudalen. The lake is good for trout fishing.

Nea-Nidelvvassdraget
Nea-Nidelvvassdraget is a watercourse in Trøndelag county, Norway. It runs through Tydal Municipality, Selbu Municipality, and Trondheim Municipality. The total area of the watershed is 3,100 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) and it runs for about 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the source in the Sylan mountains to its mouth in Trondheimsfjorden. Trondheim Energiverk has fourteen power stations along the water course which are highly regulated, with a total production (in 2004) of 2,581 gigawatt-hours (9,290 TJ). Development of the area had already begun in 1890 with the development of the Øvre Leirfoss power station.

Important rivers in the Nea-Nidelvvassdraget watercourse are the Nidelva, Nea, Rotla, Lødølja, and Tya. Amongst the biggest lakes are Sylsjön, Nesjøen, Stugusjøen, Finnkoisjøen, and Selbusjøen.