hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Letters to Cleo
Letters to Cleo is an American alternative rock band originating from Boston, Massachusetts, best known for the 1994 single, "Here & Now", from their full-length debut album, Aurora Gory Alice which topped the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and peaked at 56 on the Billboard Hot 100. The band's members are Kay Hanley, Greg McKenna, Michael Eisenstein, Stacy Jones, Scott Riebling, and later, Tom Polce and Joe Klompus.

The group disbanded in 2000 but reunited for a small tour in 2008. In 2016, the band reunited, and on October 14, 2016, released an EP, titled Back to Nebraska.

In 2025, Jeff Mezydlo of Yardbarker included the band in his list of "20 underrated bands from the 1990s who are worth rediscovering".

Veruca Salt
Veruca Salt is an American alternative rock band founded in Chicago in 1992 by vocalist-guitarists Nina Gordon and Louise Post, drummer Jim Shapiro, and bassist Steve Lack. They are best known for their first single, "Seether", which was released on the 1994 album American Thighs. That success was followed up with 1997's Eight Arms to Hold You. By 1998, Post was the only original member still in the band and continued on with other musicians. Veruca Salt released the album Resolver in 2000 and the album IV in 2006. After a hiatus in 2012, the band reformed with its original lineup. Their fifth studio album, Ghost Notes, was released in 2015.
History of economic thought
The history of economic thought is the study of the philosophies of the different thinkers and theories in the subjects that later became political economy and economics, from the ancient world to the present day.

This field encompasses many disparate schools of economic thought. Ancient Greek writers such as the philosopher Aristotle examined ideas about the art of wealth acquisition, and questioned whether property is best left in private or public hands. In the Middle Ages, Thomas Aquinas argued that it was a moral obligation of businesses to sell goods at a just price.

In the Western world, economics was not a separate discipline, but part of philosophy until the 18th–19th century Industrial Revolution and the 19th century Great Divergence, which accelerated economic growth.

Philipp von Hörnigk
Philipp Wilhelm von Hörnigk (sometimes spelt Hornick or Horneck; 23 January 1640 – 23 October 1714) was a German civil servant, who was one of the founders of Cameralism and a supporter of the economic theory of mercantilism.
Antonio Mije
Antonio Mije García (24 September 1905 – 1 September 1976) was a member of the Spanish Communist Party who became a deputy for Seville in the Second Spanish Republic.
He served in various senior positions during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). After the war he lived in France, Mexico and Czechoslovakia. 
He managed to retain his position as a party executive during the internecine struggles of the long years of exile.

Vicente Uribe
Vicente Uribe Galdeano (30 December 1902 – 11 July 1961) was a Spanish metalworker and politician who became a member of the executive of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). He served as Minister of Agriculture during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) for the Republican faction. He went into exile in Mexico during World War II (1939–1945), then lived in France and Czechoslovakia after the war. He was disgraced in 1956 during the post-Stalinist power struggle.
Fairmont Heights High School
Fairmont Heights High School (est.1950) is an American public comprehensive secondary school located in Landover, Maryland, just outside Washington D.C. It is part of the Prince George's County Public Schools system. Two middle schools (G. James Gholson and Kenmoor, both in Landover) feed into Fairmont Heights. It is part of the School Board District 3.

Landover, Maryland
Landover is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 25,998.

Landover is contained between Sheriff Road and Central Avenue to the south, Hill Road, Cabin Branch Drive, and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (Metro) Orange Line tracks to the west, John Hanson Highway (U.S. Highway 50) to the north, and Washington D.C.'s Capital Beltway (Interstate 495/95) to the east. Landover borders the communities of New Carrollton, Landover Hills, Glenarden, Lanham, Ardmore, Kentland, Cheverly, Chapel Oaks, Fairmount Heights, Carmody Hills, Pepper Mill Village, Walker Mill, and Largo.
Polpis, Massachusetts
Polpis (also Milton Poadpis or Podpis) is a village in Nantucket, Massachusetts, United States.  Its elevation is 7 feet (2 m).  The different spellings of its name led the Board on Geographic Names to designate its official spelling in 1900.  The community lies 3.5 miles (5.5 km) northwest of Siasconset.

Nantucket
Nantucket (/ˌnænˈtʌkɪt/) is an island in Massachusetts, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) south of the Cape Cod peninsula. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the Town and County of Nantucket, a combined county/town government.  Nantucket is the southeasternmost town in both Massachusetts and the New England region. The name "Nantucket" is adapted from similar Algonquian names for the island.

Nantucket is a tourist destination and summer colony. Due to tourists and seasonal residents, the population of the island increases to around 80,000 during the summer months. The average sale price for a single-family home was $2.3 million in the first quarter of 2018.

The National Park Service cites Nantucket, designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1966, as being the "finest surviving architectural and environmental example of a late 18th- and early 19th-century New England seaport town."
Sweet sorghum
Sweet sorghum, sorgo, or sorgho is any of the many varieties of the sorghum grass whose stalks have a high sugar content. Sweet sorghum thrives better under drier and warmer conditions than many other crops and is grown primarily for forage, silage, and syrup production.

Sweet sorghum syrup is known as sorghum molasses in some regions of the United States, though in most of the U.S. the term molasses refers to a sweet syrupy byproduct of sugarcane or sugar beet sugar extraction.

Syrup
In cooking, syrup (less commonly sirup; from Latin: sirupus, from earlier Arabic: شراب; sharāb, beverage, wine) is a thick, viscous, liquid condiment consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water. It typically contains a large amount of dissolved sugars but shows little tendency to deposit crystals. In its concentrated form, its consistency is similar to that of molasses. The viscosity arises from the multiple hydrogen bonds between the dissolved sugar, which has many hydroxyl (OH) groups.
Ric Parnell
Ric Parnell (14 August 1951 – 1 May 2022) was an English rock drummer and actor. Notable for his work in the band Atomic Rooster, he is probably best known for his role as the ill-fated drummer Mick Shrimpton in the film This Is Spinal Tap.

This Is Spinal Tap (soundtrack)
This Is Spinal Tap (or simply Spinal Tap) is the soundtrack to the film This Is Spinal Tap, released in 1984. The cover art is identical to that of the fictional album Smell the Glove featured in the film. The 2000 re-release includes lyrics and bonus tracks.
Throop, Pennsylvania
Throop (/ˈtruːp/ TROOP) is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States, adjoining Scranton. Formerly, coal mining and silk manufacturing provided employment for the people of Throop, who numbered 2,204 in 1900 and 5,133 in 1910. In 1940, 7,382 people lived in Throop. The population was 4,078 at the 2020 census.

Dunmore, Pennsylvania
Dunmore is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States, adjoining Scranton. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and was settled in 1835 and incorporated in 1862. Extensive anthracite coal, brick, stone, and silk interests had led to a rapid increase in the population from 8,315 in 1890 to 23,086 in 1940. The population was 14,042 in the 2020 census.
Midhurst Rother College
Midhurst Rother College is a coeducational secondary school with academy status for students aged 11 to 19, in Midhurst, West Sussex, in southern England. It was officially formed on 1 January 2009 following the closure of three predecessor schools in the area. It serves a wide rural area in the Rother Valley of West Sussex and is sponsored by one of the largest academy groups in the country, United Learning. The college also has partnerships with the University of Chichester and Winchester College.

United Learning
United Learning is a group of state-funded schools and fee-paying private schools operating in England. United Learning is the trading name for United Church Schools Trust (UCST) and United Learning Trust (ULT). It is one of the largest 10 charities with the most employees in the UK, with central offices in Peterborough, London and Salford. It is governed by a board of trustees and run by an executive team. In 2012, ULT and UCST rebranded to operate under one name, United Learning. They legally remain as two separate charities.
Flight (Steinbeck story)
"Flight" is a short story  by American writer John Steinbeck, first published in his collection  The Long Valley. It appears in the ledger notebook under the title "Man Hunt". The story outlines a young man, Pepé, who is sent into town by his mother. She says he is not yet a man. While he is gone, Pepé kills a man, and after his return, he is forced to flee.

The Long Valley
The Long Valley is a collection of short fiction by John Steinbeck. Most of the stories appeared originally in literary periodicals, and were first collected by Viking Press in 1938.

Ranked among Steinbeck's "finest and best-known" fiction, these are among the most frequently anthologized of Steinbeck's stories, widely read by university undergraduates and high school students.
Author and social critic Andre Gide declared that several stories in The Long Valley "equaled or surpassed" those of Russian author Anton Chekhov.

"The Murder" and "The Promise" were selected for the O. Henry Prize anthology for short fiction in 1934 and 1938, respectively.
Salvatore Fisichella
Salvatore Fisichella (born 15 May 1943 in Catania, Sicily) is an Italian operatic tenor known for his roles in bel canto operas, especially those of Rossini, Donizetti and Bellini. He has been recognized for the ease and vocal brilliance of his singing, and for having sung more of the leading roles in Bellini's operas than any other 20th century tenor.

Bern Theatre
Bern Theatre, known in the city as Stadttheater Bern, is an opera house and theatre in Bern, Switzerland. The theatre works in four areas: Bern Symphony Orchestra, Musiktheater (opera), Schauspiel (theatre) and Tanz (dance).
McCall Glacier
McCall Glacier is located in the Goat Rocks region in the U.S. state of Washington. The glacier is near to the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail and in the Goat Rocks Wilderness of Snoqualmie National Forest, .60 mi (0.97 km) southeast of Old Snowy Mountain. Packwood Glacier is .50 mi (0.80 km) to the west. Consisting of numerous small bodies of ice, the largest section of McCall Glacier is immediately east of Ives Peak (7,940 ft (2,420 m)).

Ives Peak
Ives Peak, elevation 7,920+ ft (2,410+ m), is located in the Goat Rocks on the border of Lewis and Yakima Counties, in the U.S. state of Washington. Ives Peak is within the Goat Rocks Wilderness and the McCall Glacier on its eastern slopes. Additionally, the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail is near the west slopes of the peak. Precipitation runoff from the peak's east slope drains to the Tieton River, whereas the west slope drains into the Cispus River. Ives Peak ranks as the fourth-highest peak in the Goat Rocks Wilderness.
Pound Wood
Pound Wood is a 22.3 nature reserve in Thundersley in Essex. It is owned and managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.

Much of this site is ancient woodland, with some old secondary woodland. Trees include sweet chestnut, aspen and the wild service tree. There are a number of dells and ponds.

There is access from St Michael's Road, which separates the site from Tile Wood, another Essex Wildlife Trust nature reserve.

Tile Wood
Tile Wood is a 6.5-hectare (16-acre) nature reserve in Thundersley in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.

The wood is ancient, having been mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon period. The main trees are sessile oak, hornbeam and sweet chestnut. Ground flora include wood sorrel, bluebells and wood-rush.

There is access from St Michael's Road, and the site is adjacent to two other nature reserves managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust, Little Haven and Pound Wood.
La Ferté-Alais
La Ferté-Alais (French pronunciation: [la fɛʁte alɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. It is 52 km (32 mi) south of Paris. It used to be a fortress closing the access to the French royal estate from the Essonne valley, then became an industrial village with sand and stones. Its airfield (actually in Cerny), hosts a world-famous air show for vintage World War I and WWII aircraft and a museum of such aircraft.

It even has the aircraft (still airworthy) that Louis Blériot used to cross the English Channel in 1909.

Cerny, Essonne
Cerny (French pronunciation: [sɛʁni] ⓘ) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. It is 53 km South of Paris.

It has an airfield named Aérodrome de Cerny - La Ferté-Alais, including an airplane museum.
Concordia (Karakoram)
Concordia (Balti: ཅོནྕོརདིཨ།; Urdu: کونکورڈیا) is the confluence of the Baltoro Glacier and the Godwin-Austen Glacier in the Karakoram mountain range of Pakistan. It is located in the Baltistan region of Pakistan, at 4,691 metres (15,390 ft) above sea level. The area is often used as a base camp for mountaineering expeditions on K2 and other nearby peaks, and is also a popular destination for trekkers and backpackers.

The name was first applied by English mountaineer Aleister Crowley during the 1902 Eckenstein/Crowley attempt on K2, and comes from the location's similarity to another glacial confluence, also named Concordia, in the Bernese Oberland of the Central Alps.

Robert Lerco was the first person to report reaching Concordia, in 1890, followed by William Martin Conway in 1892.

35°44′N 76°31′E﻿ / ﻿35.733°N 76.517°E﻿ / 35.733; 76.517

Baltoro Glacier
The Baltoro Glacier (Balti: བལྟོརོ་གངས།, romanized: Baltoro gangs, lit. 'Bone breaker';Urdu:  بالتورو گلیشیر) is a glacier located in the Shigar District of the Gilgit-Baltistan, a region in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.

The glacier lies in the Karakoram range, and is surrounded by some of the world's highest peaks, including K2 (8,611 metres (28,251 ft)), the second highest mountain on Earth, as well as three other summits above 8,000 meters within a 20-kilometre radius.

Scientific observations between 2001 and 2011 recorded visible changes in the Baltoro, especially near Concordia, where it meets the Godwin-Austen Glacier at 4,600 metres (15,100 ft). Although reductions in snow and ice cover were noted, research indicates that the glacier is not retreating but experiencing surges, shifting and flowing into neighbouring glaciers.
Jēkabpils Municipality
Jēkabpils Municipality (Latvian: Jēkabpils novads) is a municipality in Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Ābeļi Parish, Dignāja Parish, Dunava Parish, Kalna Parish, Leimaņi Parish, Rubene Parish and Zasa Parish. During the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the previous Jēkabpils Municipality was merged with Aknīste Municipality, Krustpils Municipality, Sala Municipality and Viesīte Municipality. The new municipality now fully corresponds with the area of the pre-2009 Jēkabpils district.

The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Jēkabpils. From 2009 to 2021, the city was also a separate first-level municipality (republican city) at the same time.

In 2020, the population of the municipality was 4,156. In 2024, the total population was 39,276. It borders Lithuania.

Viesīte Municipality
Viesīte Municipality (Latvian: Viesītes novads) is a former municipality in Selonia, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Elkšņi parish, Rite parish, Sauka parish and Viesīte town with its countryside territory, the administrative centre being Viesīte. In 2010 Viesīte parish was created from the countryside territory of Viesīte town. The population in 2020 was 3,500.

On 1 July 2021, Viesīte Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Jēkabpils Municipality.
Dicalydones
The Dicalydones were mentioned by the 4th century writer Ammianus Marcellinus as one of the two branches of the Picti, the Picts, the inhabitants of modern-day Scotland (the other being the Verturiones).

The name bears a striking resemblance to the other historical nomenclature donated to the Picts by classical historians, Caledonii.  Some scholars theorize that the two groups (Dicalydones and Caledonii) are one and the same, and that the other major Pictish tribes, related by Ptolemy as the Vacomagi, Venicones, and Taezali, eventually went on to form the Maeatae mentioned by Cassius Dio. Other archaic accounts, which mention the Caledonii and Maeatae as the two major Pictish tribes, would seem to corroborate this hypothesis.

Fortriu
Fortriu (Latin: Verturiones; Old Irish: *Foirtrinn; Old English: Wærteras; Pictish: *Uerteru) was a Pictish kingdom recorded between the 4th and 10th centuries. It was traditionally believed to be located in and around Strathearn in central Scotland, but is more likely to have been based in the north, in the Moray and Easter Ross area. Fortriu is a term used by historians as it is not known what name its people used to refer to their polity. Historians also sometimes use the name synonymously with Pictland in general.
Alishar Rural District
Alishar Rural District (Persian: دهستان عليشار) is in Kharqan District of Zarandiyeh County, Markazi province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Alishar. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Duzaj.

Duzaj
Duzaj (Persian: دوزج) is a village in, and the capital of, Duzaj Rural District of Kharqan District, Zarandiyeh County, Markazi province, Iran. It was the capital of Alishar Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Alishar.
MDN Web Docs
MDN Web Docs, previously Mozilla Developer Network and formerly Mozilla Developer Center, is a documentation repository and learning resource for web developers. It was started by Mozilla in 2005 as a unified place for documentation about open web standards, Mozilla's own projects, and developer guides.

MDN Web Docs content is maintained by Mozilla, Google employees, and volunteers (community of developers and technical writers). It also contains content contributed by Microsoft, Google, and Samsung who, in 2017, announced they would shut down their own web documentation projects and move all their documentation to MDN Web Docs. Topics include HTML5, JavaScript, CSS, Web APIs, Django, Node.js, WebExtensions, MathML, and others.

Mozilla
Mozilla is a free software community founded in 1998 by members of Netscape. The Mozilla community uses, develops, publishes, and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting free software and open standards. The community is supported institutionally by the non-profit Mozilla Foundation and its tax-paying subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation.

Mozilla's current products include the Firefox web browser, Thunderbird e-mail client (now through a subsidiary), the Bugzilla bug tracking system, and the Gecko layout engine.
James Cudworth (colonist)
General James Cudworth (English: /ˈdʒeɪmz ˈkʊdɜːrθ/ CUD-erth; c.1612 – 1682) was one of the most important men in Plymouth Colony.  He served as Deputy to the Plymouth General Court (1649), Commander of militia in King Philip's War (1675–8), Assistant Governor (1656–8, 1674–80) and Deputy Governor (1681–2) of Plymouth Colony, and Commissioner to the New England Confederation (four times, 1655–81).

Thomas Prence
Thomas Prence (c. 1601 – March 29, 1673) was a New England colonist who arrived in the colony of Plymouth in November 1621 on the ship Fortune. In 1644 he moved to Eastham, which he helped found, returning later to Plymouth. For many years, he was prominent in Plymouth colony affairs and was colony governor for about twenty years, covering three terms.
Chesalles-sur-Oron
Chesalles-sur-Oron is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Ecoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.

Les Thioleyres
Les Thioleyres (French pronunciation: [le tjɔlɛʁ]) is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Ecoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.
St John of God Berwick Hospital
St John of God Berwick Hospital is a private hospital located in Melbourne, Victoria. It provides health care to Melbourne's south east and regional eastern Victoria.

Originally known as Berwick Hospital, the facility was taken over by St John of God Health Care in 2003.  The original hospital was established in 1939 as Berwick Bush Nursing Hospital.

St John of God Berwick Hospital is a division of St John of God Health Care, a leading Catholic not-for-profit health care group, serving communities with hospitals, home nursing, and social outreach services throughout Australia and New Zealand.

St John of God Health Care
St John of God Health Care is a not for profit, Catholic provider of health care services in Australia, with 25 hospitals and facilities comprising more than 3,200 beds. The group operates in Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, and New Zealand.

The group has evolved out of the Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God, a Catholic order.
Andrews–Curtis conjecture
In mathematics, the Andrews–Curtis conjecture states that every balanced presentation (i.e. a presentation with the same number of generators and relations) of the trivial group can be transformed into a trivial presentation by a sequence of Nielsen transformations on the relators together with conjugations of relators, named after James J. Andrews and Morton L. Curtis who proposed it in 1965.  It is difficult to verify whether the conjecture holds for a given balanced presentation or not.

It is widely believed that the Andrews–Curtis conjecture is false. While there are no counterexamples known, there are numerous potential counterexamples. It is known that the Zeeman conjecture on collapsibility implies the Andrews–Curtis conjecture.

Zeeman conjecture
In mathematics, the Zeeman conjecture or Zeeman's collapsibility conjecture asks whether given a finite contractible 2-dimensional CW complex , the space  is collapsible. It can nowadays be restated as the claim that for any 2-complex  which is homotopy equivalent to a point, some barycentric subdivision of  is collapsible.

The conjecture, due to Christopher Zeeman, implies the Poincaré conjecture and the Andrews–Curtis conjecture.