hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tort reform
Tort reform consists of changes in the civil justice system in common law countries that aim to reduce the ability of plaintiffs to bring tort litigation (particularly actions for negligence) or to reduce damages they can receive. Such changes are generally justified under the grounds that litigation is an inefficient means to compensate plaintiffs; that tort law permits frivolous or otherwise undesirable litigation to crowd the court system; or that the fear of litigation can serve to curtail innovation, raise the cost of consumer goods or insurance premiums for suppliers of services (e.g. medical malpractice insurance), and increase legal costs for businesses. Tort reform has primarily been prominent in common law jurisdictions, where criticism of judge-made rules regarding tort actions manifests in calls for statutory reform by the legislature.

Accident Compensation Corporation
The Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) (Māori: Te Kaporeihana Āwhina Hunga Whara) is the New Zealand Crown entity responsible for administering the country's no-fault accidental injury compensation scheme, commonly referred to as the ACC scheme. The scheme provides financial compensation and support to citizens, residents, and temporary visitors who have suffered personal injuries.

The corporation was founded as the Accident Compensation Commission on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Accident Compensation Act 1972. Its principal governing act today is the Accident Compensation Act 2001. As a Crown entity, ACC is governed by a board that is responsible to the Minister for ACC. Unlike most other Crown entities, it has its own dedicated ministerial portfolio, which since February 2025 has been held by Scott Simpson.
2009 Mount Albert by-election
The 2009 Mount Albert by-election was held in the New Zealand electorate of Mount Albert on 13 June 2009. There were fifteen candidates in the election. David Shearer of the Labour Party won the election with 63% of the vote. The seat was vacated by former Labour Prime Minister Helen Clark, who resigned from the New Zealand Parliament on 17 April 2009 following her appointment to head the United Nations Development Programme.
Main issues surrounding the campaign included the building of the Waterview Connection and the Auckland Region becoming a supercity.

John Boscawen
John Spencer Boscawen (born December 1956) is a former New Zealand politician. He is a member of the ACT New Zealand Party and served as a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 2008 to 2011.

Boscawen briefly served as deputy leader of the ACT Party and Minister of Consumer Affairs from August 2010 until May 2011, and as ACT's parliamentary leader from May 2011 until the 2011 general election.
Die Päkhy-Sprache
Die Päkhy-Sprache (which means The Ubykh Language in German) is the title of a treatise in the Ubykh language, written by Gyula Mészáros and published in 1934 by the University of Chicago Press.

It was the first major descriptive work written in Ubykh. At the time of the treatise, the phonological complexities of the language were not fully understood. The transcription system used in the book was somewhat lacking, distinguishing only about 80% of Ubykh's 80-odd phonemes. Despite this shortcoming, Mészáros's account of the grammar was quite accurate. The quality and scope of the 402 page book drew much attention to this obscure language, paving the way for the further documentation of the Ubykh language by Georges Dumézil, Hans Vogt and Tevfik Esenç.

Ubykh language
Ubykh is an extinct Northwest Caucasian language once spoken by the Ubykh people, an ethnic group of Circassian nation who originally inhabited the eastern coast of the Black Sea before being deported en masse to the Ottoman Empire during the Circassian genocide.

Ubykh is ergative and polysynthetic, with a high degree of agglutination, with polypersonal verbal agreement and a very large number of distinct consonants but only two phonemically distinct vowels. With around eighty consonants, it has one of the largest inventories of consonants in the world, and the largest number for any language without clicks.

The name Ubykh is derived from Убых (/wɨbɨx/), from Убыхыбзэ, its name in the Adyghe language. It is known in linguistic literature by many names: variants of Ubykh, such as Ubikh, Oubykh (French); and its Germanised variant Päkhy (from Ubykh /tʷɜχɨ/).
Kunesh, Wisconsin
Kunesh (/ˈkuːnɪʃ/ KOO-nish) is an unincorporated community (formerly a village) in Brown County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located around the crossroads between sections 21, 22, 27 and 28, in the town of Pittsfield, Wisconsin.

Kunesh is located on County Highway U, 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Green Bay, Wisconsin.

Brown County, Wisconsin
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 268,740, making it the fourth-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Green Bay. Brown County is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area.
Engaewa
Engaewa is a genus of burrowing crayfish belonging to the family Parastacidae. There are five recognised species, all endemic to the high-rainfall zone of south-west Western Australia, from Dunsborough to Albany. They are all small (up to 5 cm), and found only in freshwater swamps and seepages. Three of the five species are listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and are listed on the IUCN Red List as "endangered" (EN) or "critically endangered" (CR), while the remaining two are listed as "Least Concern":

Parastacidae
The Parastacidae are the family of freshwater crayfish found in the Southern Hemisphere. The family is a classic Gondwana-distributed taxon, with extant members in South America, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea, and extinct taxa also in Antarctica.
Jordi Gené
Jordi Gené Guerrero (born 5 December 1970) is a racing driver who competed in the World Touring Car Championship between 2005 and 2010. His younger brother, Marc is also an ex-racing driver and is currently a Brand Ambassador for the Scuderia Ferrari Formula One team.

SEAT Toledo
The SEAT Toledo is a small family car produced by the Spanish manufacturer SEAT, part of Volkswagen Group. The Toledo name was first introduced to the SEAT line up in May 1991 being named after a Spanish city with the same name, with the fourth generation being introduced at the end of 2012, for the model year of 2013. Production ended in February 2019, and the nameplate is currently not in use.
Tours Métropole Basket
Tours Métropole Basket (English: Tours Metropolis Basketball) is a French professional basketball club based in the city of Tours in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Founded in 1925, its heyday was in the 1970s under the name ASPO Tours, with two league titles in 1976 and 1980 and a European Cup Winners' Cup final in 1976.

After going through financial strife and successive reorganisations, Tours Métropole Basket is now the heir of the bankrupt club. As recently as the 2017–18 season, it had played in the fourth-tier Nationale 2, but earned promotion to Nationale 1 for 2018–19, and returned to the professional ranks by earning promotion to LNB Pro B for 2021–22.

1975–76 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1975–76 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup was the tenth edition of FIBA's 2nd-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, contested between national domestic cup champions, running from 29 October 1975, to 17 March 1976. It was contested by 20 teams, two less than in the previous edition.

Cinzano Milano won its third title in the competition, by defeating the French League club, Tours, in the final held in Turin.
Petnica Cave
Petnica Cave is located in the village of Petnica, near the city of Valjevo, Serbia. The cave has been popular for tourism since at least the 19th century, when it was one of the three most popular caving destinations in Serbia along with Prekonoska and Lazareva Pecina.

Petnica
Petnica (Serbian pronunciation: [pětnitsa]) is a small village near Valjevo, Serbia. According to the census of 2002, there were 614 inhabitants (according to the census of 1991, there were 483 inhabitants).
Drum (Wales)
Drum (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈdrɨm]) (Welsh: Y Drum = the ridge) is a summit in the Carneddau mountains in northern Wales, 2 km north-east of Foel-fras. It is 771 m (2,526 ft) high. It is also known as Carnedd Penyborth-Goch.

Its eastern slopes are drained by the Afon Tafolog, a tributary of Afon Roe which flows through the village of Rowen before joining the River Conwy.

Afon Roe
The Afon Roe is a small river in Snowdonia in north-west Wales.

Its tributary is the Afon Tafolog, which drains the eastern slopes of Drum, a mountain in the Carneddau range.

The river flows through the village of Rowen before joining the River Conwy.
Raichur Airport
Raichur Airport (ICAO: VORR) is an abandoned airstrip at Yeramus, located around 10 km away from Raichur city in the Karnataka state of India. The airstrip was constructed in 1942 during World War II and was abandoned after the war.  The Karnataka Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (KSIIDC) plans to develop this site into a low-frills airport at a cost of Rs. 185 crore.

Raichur
Raichur, also pronounced as Rāyachūru (formerly Raichore), is a city and headquarters of eponymous Raichur district in the Karnataka state of India. It is located between Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers.
Ma'agan Michael Ship
The Ma'agan Michael Ship (Hebrew: הספינה העתיקה ממעגן מיכאל) is a well-preserved 5th-century BCE boat discovered off the coast of Kibbutz Ma'agan Michael, Israel, in 1985. The ship was excavated and its timber immersed in preservation tanks at the University of Haifa, undergoing a seven-year process of impregnation by heated polyethylene glycol (PEG). In March 1999, the boat was reassembled and transferred to a dedicated wing built at the Hecht Museum, on the grounds of the university. The boat has provided researchers with insights into ancient methods of shipbuilding and the evolution of anchors.

The Kyrenia Ship
The Kyrenia Shipwreck is a 4th-century BC ancient Greek merchant ship that sank c. 294 BC.

The Kyrenia wreck was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. Having lost the exact position, Cariolou carried out more than 200 dives until he re-discovered the wreck in 1967 close to Kyrenia (Keryneia) in Cyprus. Michael Katzev, a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, directed a scientific excavation from 1967 to 1969. Katzev later became a co-founder of the American Institute of Nautical Archaeology. The find was extensively covered in a documentary by the Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation titled "With Captain, Sailors Three: The Ancient Ship of Kyrenia". The ship itself was very well preserved with more than half its hull timbers in good condition.

After it was raised from the seabed, it found a new home at the Ancient Shipwreck Museum in Kyrenia Castle, where it remains on exhibit.
WKBW-TV
WKBW-TV (channel 7) is a television station in Buffalo, New York, United States, affiliated with ABC. Owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, the station maintains studios at 7 Broadcast Plaza in downtown Buffalo and a transmitter on Center Street in Colden.

WKBW-TV is one of a number of local Buffalo television stations that are available over-the-air and on cable television in Canada, particularly in Southern Ontario. For years, it was carried via microwave to cable systems in such areas as Corning and Horseheads; this ended when WENY-TV signed on as the ABC affiliate for the Elmira market.

Dave Roberts (broadcaster)
David Thomas Boreanaz (born February 14, 1936) is an American retired television broadcaster who broadcast under the stage names Dave Thomas in Buffalo, and Dave Roberts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  He was the main weatherman for WPVI-TV in Philadelphia from 1983 until his retirement in 2009.
Johan Linde
Johan ‘Ice Man’ Linde (born 27 June 1983 in Adelaide, South Australia) is an Australian boxer of Estonian descent. He represented Australia at the 2012 London Olympic Games in the super heavyweight division. He is the current Australian National Boxing Federation South Australian Heavyweight champion.

Joseph Parker
Joseph Dennis Parker, OM (born 9 January 1992) is a New Zealand professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Organization (WBO) heavyweight title from 2016 to 2018. At regional level, he has held multiple heavyweight championships, including the WBO Oriental, Africa, and Oceania titles; as well as the PABA, OPBF, and New Zealand titles. As an amateur, he represented New Zealand at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in the super-heavyweight division, and narrowly missed qualification for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Parker turned professional in July 2012 with Duco Events in Auckland, under the tutelage of Sir Bob Jones. After defeating Andy Ruiz for the vacant WBO title, Parker became the first heavyweight boxer from either New Zealand or the Pacific Islands to win a major world championship.
Liam Broady
Liam Broady (/ˈbroʊdi/ BROH-dee; born 4 January 1994) is a British professional tennis player who competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour. He reached a career high ranking of world No. 93 on 25 September 2023.

2012 US Open – Boys' singles
Oliver Golding was the defending champion, but was no longer eligible to compete.

Filip Peliwo won the 2012 title defeating Liam Broady in the final 6–2, 2–6, 7–5, claiming his second consecutive and overall junior grand slam title, having previously won the Wimbledon Boys' title.
Carroll County, Ohio
Carroll County is a county located in the state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,721. Its county seat is Carrollton, while its largest village is Minerva. It is named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. Carroll County is part of the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area. It is in the Appalachian Ohio region.

Stark County, Ohio
Stark County is a county located in the northeastern part of U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 374,853. Its county seat is Canton. The county was created in 1808 and organized the next year. It is named for John Stark, an officer in the American Revolutionary War.

Stark County is included in the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Needle Peak (Presidio County, Texas)
Needle Peak is located in Presidio County, in southwest Texas, United States. Its summit, at an elevation of 4,608 feet (1,405 m) above sea level, rises 328 ft (100 m) over the Lower Shutup, a canyon that runs along its eastern edge. Needle Peak is a Tertiary intrusion and stands within the Solitario, a circular domal uplift with a nine-mile diameter and a prominent limestone rim. The area is desert mountain terrain of basalt deposits. The vegetation consists primarily of sparse grasses, cacti, desert shrubs, and scrub brush. Needle Peak was named for its configuration.

Locally, the name Needle Peak is also used to refer to another nearby location, Needle Peak (Brewster County, Texas), the small Sierra Aguja range, which is about 17 miles southeast of Needle Peak in Presidio County. The slopes of this range are noted as a source of quartz crystals, including green moss agate, botryoidal geodes, Needle Peak sagenite, and pompon agates.

Needle Peak (Brewster County, Texas)
Needle Peak is the local nickname for the Sierra Aguja in Brewster County, Texas, a small range near the Mexican border and just west of Big Bend National Park. Not to be confused with Needle Peak in Presidio County, Texas, about 17 miles away.

The Needle Peak slopes in Brewster County are noted as a source of quartz crystals, including green moss agate, botryoidal geodes, Needle Peak sagenite, and pompom agates.
Diamond Head Theatre
The Diamond Head Theatre is the oldest performing arts center in Hawaii, opened in 1915. Locally known as the "Broadway of the Pacific", it is located on the slopes of Diamond Head in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Diamond Head, Hawaii
Diamond Head is a volcanic tuff cone on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. It is known to Hawaiians as Lēʻahi (pronounced [leːˈʔɐhi]), which is most likely derived from lae (browridge, promontory) plus ʻahi (tuna) because the shape of the ridgeline resembles the shape of a tuna's dorsal fin. Its English name was given by British sailors in the 19th century, who named it for the calcite crystals on the adjacent beach.
Waroch I
Waroch I (Breton: Gwereg; modern French: Guérech; d. c. 550) was an early ruler of the Bro Wened (Vannetais) in southern Brittany. It is unclear whether he or his grandson Waroch II is the namesake of the region.

Vannes
Vannes (French pronunciation: [van] ⓘ; Breton: Gwened, pronounced [ˈɡweːnet], [ˈɡɥeːnet]) is a commune in the French department of Morbihan, Brittany, northwestern mainland France. It was founded over 2,000 years ago.
14th Quartermaster Detachment
The 14th Quartermaster Detachment, is a United States Army Reserve water purification unit stationed in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. During Operation Desert Storm, the detachment lost 13 soldiers and 43 would be wounded in an Iraqi Al Hussein ballistic missile attack on 25 February 1991 at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; the 14th, which had been in Saudi Arabia only six days, suffered the greatest number of casualties of any allied unit during Operation Desert Storm. Eighty-one percent of the unit's 69 soldiers had been killed or wounded.

Greensburg, Pennsylvania
Greensburg is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 14,976 at the 2020 census. Located 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Pittsburgh, Greensburg is a part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The city lies within the Laurel Highlands and the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau. The city is named after Nathanael Greene, a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War.
Garden City, Roanoke, Virginia
Garden City is a Roanoke, Virginia neighborhood located far southeast Roanoke, abutting Mill Mountain.  It borders the neighborhoods of Morningside and Riverdale on the north, and Mill Mountain and Southern Hills to the west. The eastern border is shared with Roanoke County.  As of the 2000 U.S. Census, Garden City has a population of 2,981 residents.

Riverdale, Roanoke, Virginia
Riverdale is a neighborhood in southeast Roanoke, Virginia, in the United States. The neighborhood lies along the south bank of the Roanoke River. It is bordered by the neighborhoods of Morningside on the west, Kenwood on the north, Garden City on the south and the town of Vinton on the east.  The neighborhood is predominantly residential in character, and its development patterns are typical of those experienced for an American city during the early to mid-20th century.
Conakry
Conakry (/ˈkɒnəkri/ KON-ə-kree, French: [kɔnakʁi]; Susu: Kɔnakiri; N'Ko: ߞߐߣߊߞߙߌ߫, romanized: Kɔnakrí; Fula: 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭, romanized: Konaakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its population as of the 2026 Guinea census was 3,407,327.

The population of Conakry is difficult to ascertain. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of African Affairs has estimated it at 2 million, or one-sixth of the country's population.

Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry
Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry (in French L'Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, UGANC), is the largest university in Guinea. It is located in Dixinn Commune, Conakry, Guinea. The name is generally shortened to the University of Conakry.
Shanghai Quartet
The Shanghai Quartet is a string quartet that formed in 1983. The quartet is made up of: first violinist Weigang Li, second violinist Angelo Xiang Yu, violist Honggang Li, and cellist Nicholas Tzavaras. On November 20, 2020 the ensemble announced the newest member, Angelo Xiang Yu. The Shanghai Quartet accepted the resignation of former violist Yi-Wen Jiang on March 17, 2020.  The group's tours have included North America, South America, Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe.  Among their performances, the Shanghai Quartet has developed a long list of performance collaborators including Yo-Yo Ma, David Soyer, Eugenia Zukerman, Sharon Isbin, Ruth Laredo, Arnold Steinhardt, and Chanticleer.

Montclair State University
Montclair State University (Montclair) is a public research university in Montclair, New Jersey, United States. Parts of the campus extend into Clifton and into Little Falls. As of June 2024, there were 22,570 total enrolled students: 18,062 undergraduate students and 4,508 graduate students. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The campus covers approximately 252 acres (1.02 km2). The university offers more than 300 majors, minors, and concentrations.
Žemaitkiemis
Žemaitkiemis (literally: Garden of Samogitians) is a town in Ukmergė district, Lithuania. It is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Ukmergė. The Neo-Baroque Church of Saint Casimir was built in 1902. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 261 people.

The town's coat of arms, adopted in 2017, feature the Žemaitkiemis meteorite that fell near the town in 1933.

Ukmergė District Municipality
The Ukmergė District Municipality is a municipality in Vilnius County, Lithuania. The capital of the municipality is Ukmergė, the largest settlement and only city in the municipality. The entire municipality belongs to Aukštaitija ethnographic region.
Gloria Bejarano Almada
Gloria Bejarano Almada (born February 5, 1952 Mexico City) is a Mexican-born Costa Rican politician, public figure and former First Lady of Costa Rica. Bejarano, the wife of former Costa Rican President Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, served as the country's First Lady from 1990 until 1994.

Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (born 14 March 1949) was President of Costa Rica from 1990 to 1994. He was the presidential candidate of the Social Christian Unity Party for the national elections held in February 2010, but resigned his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison for two counts of corruption.
Riverworld (video game)
Riverworld is a PC game released in 1998 by Cryo Interactive, based on the series of novels by Philip José Farmer.

In the game, the player takes the role of Richard Burton, the nineteenth century explorer. The game begins with a cinematic sequence showing what happens to Burton after he has died – how he comes to enter Riverworld.

Riverworld is a real time strategy game, similar to Microsoft's Age of Empires. Although Burton is the central character, it is seen from a third-person perspective, and other people within the game can be moved and controlled.

Riverworld
The Riverworld series consists of five science fiction novels (1971–1983) by American author Philip José Farmer (1918–2009). The Riverworld is an artificial, or heavily terraformed, planet where all humans (and pre-humans) who ever lived throughout history have been resurrected. The novels (and a few shorter works) explore interactions of resurrected individuals from many different cultures and time periods. The underlying theme is quasi-religious. The motivations and ethics of the unknown intelligences that created the Riverworld and its inhabitants are explored.

The series' cast of characters includes (among others) Cyrano de Bergerac, Richard Francis Burton, Hermann Göring, John, King of England, Alice Liddell, Jack London, Tom Mix, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Odysseus, and Mark Twain.