hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Risaldar
Risaldar, meaning the commander of a risala or risalah (a body of horse, regardless if troop or regiment) in Persian, is a mid-level rank in cavalry and armoured units of the Indian and Pakistan Army. In other arms, such as the infantry, the equivalent rank is subedar. Risaldar was also a viceroy's commissioned officer's rank in the British Indian Army, until 1947.

Viceroy's commissioned officer
A viceroy's commissioned officer (VCO) was a senior Indian member of the British Indian Army. VCOs were senior in rank to warrant officers in the British Army, and held a commission issued by the viceroy. Also known as "Indian officers" or "native officers", they had authority only over Indian troops and were subordinate to all British King's (resp. Queen's) commissioned officers (KCO resp. QCO), Indian Commissioned Officers (ICO) and King's commissioned Indian officers (KCIO).

Similar ranks, as listed below, are retained in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army. There, they are known as junior commissioned officers.
EverCrisp
EverCrisp is the trademarked name of MAIA-1, an American cultivated apple variety or cultivar developed by the Midwest Apple Improvement Association (MAIA).  This variety is a cross between the Honeycrisp and the Fuji. Originally produced only in Ohio, the EverCrisp is now cultivated across the United States. The apple entered the public marketplace in 2017, and has seen steadily growing sales since.

Fuji (apple)
The Fuji apple (Japanese: ふじ, Hepburn: Fuji) is an apple cultivar developed by growers at the Tōhoku Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (農林省園芸試験場東北支場, Nōrinshō engei shikenjō Tōhoku-shijō) in Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan, in 1939. It originated as a cross between two American apple varieties—the Red Delicious and Ralls Janet (sometimes called "Rawls Jennet") apples.

The Fuji was named and brought to market in 1962; its name is derived from the first part of the town where it was developed: Fujisaki. Its flavor is sweet and its texture is crisp. It can be used to make apple sauce. According to the US Apple Association website, it is one of the nine most popular apple cultivars in the United States.
Altenstadt railway station
Altenstadt railway station is a railway station in the Altenstadt district of the town of Feldkirch in the westernmost Austrian Federal State of Vorarlberg. The station is located on the Feldkirch–Buchs railway line and is served by regional trains only.

The station is owned and operated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB). It is one of five stations in the city of Feldkirch. The others are Feldkirch, Feldkirch Amberg, Gisingen and Tisis.

Altenstadt (Feldkirch)
Altenstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈaltn̩ʃtat]) is a district of Feldkirch, a city in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Other districts of Feldkirch are  Gisingen, Levis, Nofels, Tisis and Tosters.
Tuzly Lagoons
Tuzly Lagoons (Ukrainian: Тузловські лимани; Romanian: Limanele Tuzlei) are a group of marine lagoons (limans) in southern Bessarabia (Budjak), Ukraine. The lagoons are part of the Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park, proclaimed on January 1, 2010. It is also a Ramsar site since 1996 due to its ecological significance.. The name of the lagoons originates from the Turkish: Tuzlu, which means salty.

The group includes three main lagoons: Shahany, Alibey, and Burnas, and also smaller lagoons: Solone Ozero, Khadzhyder, Karachaus, Budury, Kurudiol, Martaza, Mahala, Malyi Sasyk, and Dzhantshey.

The total area of the lagoons is 206 km2, depth 1.6–2.5 m, averaging 1.0–1.3 m. The lagoons are separated from the Black Sea by a 29-km long sandbar, which is 60–400 m wide and 1–3 m high.

Martaza Lagoon
Martaza Lagoon (Ukrainian: Мартаза; Romanian: Caraceauş) is a small salty lagoon in the Tuzly Lagoons group in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It is separated from the Shahany Lagoon by the sandbar in its north part, near the village of Rybalske (old name - Martaza). The total area of the lagoon is 0.5 km2.

The water body is included to the Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park.
Østbyen
Østbyen is a borough of the city of Trondheim in Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The borough was established on 1 January 2005 in a municipal borough reform that reduced the number of boroughs in the city. The borough of Lerkendal lies to the southwest, the borough of Midtbyen lies to the northwest, and Malvik Municipality lies to the east. The Trondheimsfjorden lies to the north. The borough consists of the areas of Møllenberg, Nedre Elvehavn, Rosenborg, Lade, Strindheim, Brundalen, Charlottenlund, Jakobsli, Ranheim and Vikåsen. It has 39,171 residents.

Strindheim
Strindheim is a neighbourhood in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Østbyen in Trondheim Municipality. It is the site of Strindheim Church, Strindheim School, the confectionery factory Nidar and the home area of Strindheim IL (Strindheim Idrettslag).
Magdeburg Region
The Magdeburg Region (German: Region Magdeburg) is the name of the central region in the state of Saxony-Anhalt in North Germany. It includes the landscape units of Magdeburg Börde, Jerichow Land, the northern Harz Foreland and the Colbitz-Letzlingen Heath. The centre of the region is the city of Magdeburg; other important towns are Haldensleben, Aschersleben, Staßfurt, Oschersleben, Schönebeck (Elbe) and Burg. Towards the east the Elbe-Börde Heath transitions into the neighbouring region of Anhalt-Wittenberg. To the south lies the Harz and the Saale-Unstrut Region, to the north the Altmark.

Anhalt-Wittenberg
Anhalt-Wittenberg is the name of the easternmost region of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It includes the landscape units of Anhalt, the Fläming Heath and the region along the River Elbe in the area of the Lutherstadt Wittenberg and the town of Köthen. The centre of the region is Dessau-Roßlau. To the west Anhalt-Wittenberg borders on the Elbe-Börde Heath.
Karl-Liebknecht-Straße
Karl-Liebknecht-Straße, or Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse (see ß), is a major street in the central Mitte district of the German capital Berlin. It is named after Karl Liebknecht (1871–1919), one of the founders of the Communist Party of Germany. The street connects the Unter den Linden boulevard with the Prenzlauer Allee arterial road leading to the northern city limits. Although part of the street dates back to medieval times, most of the buildings at its side were built in the 1960s, when East Berlin's centre was redesigned as the capital of East Germany.

Prenzlauer Allee
Prenzlauer Allee is a major avenue in the Prenzlauer Berg district of the German capital Berlin and one of the main thoroughfares of the north-eastern Pankow borough. The arterial road connects the centre of former East Berlin at Alexanderplatz via Karl-Liebknecht-Straße with the far north-eastern districts and the orbital motorway Berliner Ring (BAB 10) via the Bundesautobahn 114.

It starts at Prenzlauer Tor, formerly the site of a historic city gate on the road to Prenzlau, leading uphill northwards to the border with the Pankow district, where it continues as Prenzlauer Promenade. In between the dual carriageway run the tracks of the Berlin tram M2 line. The Ringbahn of the Berlin S-Bahn network stops at Berlin Prenzlauer Allee station.
Innisfail State College
Innisfail State College is a government combined primary and comprehensive secondary school, special needs school, and technical college facility in the suburb of Innisfail Estate (Queensland, Australia), in the Cassowary Coast Region of that state. The college is in "Division 5" of the Cassowary Coast Regional Council local government area.

Innisfail, Queensland
Innisfail (from Irish: Inis Fáil) is a regional town and locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. The town was originally called Geraldton until 1910. In the 2021 census, the town of Innisfail had a population of 7,173 people, while the locality of Innisfail (the town's centre) had a population of 1,091 people.

Innisfail is the largest township of the Cassowary Coast Region and is known for its sugar and banana industries, as well as for being one of Australia's wettest towns. In March 2006, Innisfail gained worldwide attention when Tropical Cyclone Larry passed over, causing extensive damage.
William II of the Netherlands
William II (Dutch: Willem II, French: Guillaume II; 6 December 1792 – 17 March 1849) was King of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Duke of Limburg. He reigned for nearly nine years, making him the shortest-reigning monarch in Dutch history.

William II was the son of William I and Wilhelmine of Prussia. When his father, who up to that time ruled as sovereign prince, proclaimed himself king in 1815, he became Prince of Orange as heir apparent of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. With the abdication of his father on 7 October 1840, William II became king. During his reign, the Netherlands became a parliamentary democracy with the new new constitution of 1848. William II was married to Anna Pavlovna of Russia, with whom he had five children. William II was succeeded by his son William III.

Monarchy of Luxembourg
The monarchy of Luxembourg is the institution headed by the grand duke of Luxembourg, who is the head of state of the country.  Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was created from territory of the former Duchy of Luxembourg.  It was in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890 under the House of Orange-Nassau. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign grand duchy, and since 1815 there have been ten monarchs, including the incumbent, Guillaume V.
Jon Lloyd (microbiologist)
Jonathan Richard Lloyd is a professor of geomicrobiology and director of the Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, and is based in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Manchester. His research is based at the interface between microbiology, geology and chemistry. His research focuses on the mechanisms of microbial metal-reduction, with emphasis on the environmental impact and biotechnological applications of metal-reducing bacteria. Some of the contaminants he studies include As, Tc, Sr, U, Np and Pu. Current activities are supported by funds from NERC, BBSRC, EPSRC (The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council), the EU and industry. Lloyd is also a senior visiting fellow at the National Nuclear Laboratory, which helps support the development of a nuclear geomicrobiology programme.

Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland (now known as the Mineralogical Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland) was founded in 1876. Its main purpose is to disseminate scientific knowledge of the Mineral Sciences (mineralogy) as it may be applied to the fields of crystallography, geochemistry, petrology, environmental science and economic geology. In support of this vision, the society publishes scientific journals, books and monographs. It also organizes and sponsors scientific meetings, and the society connects with other societies which have similar scientific interests. Some of these other societies are the International Mineralogical Association, the European Mineralogical Union, the Mineralogical Society of America, the Mineralogical Association of Canada, the Geological Society of London, IOM3, the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers and the Microbiology Society.
Fox, South Australia
Fox is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's south-east within the Limestone Coast region about 298 kilometres (185 mi) south east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south-west of the municipal seat of Naracoorte.

Boundaries for the locality were created and was given the name of Fox on 3 December 1998. The name is derived from the cadastral unit of the  Hundred of Fox  in which the locality is located.  The hundred itself was named after Arthur Aloysius Fox who served one term in the South Australian House of Assembly.

Fox is located within the federal division of Barker, the state electoral district of MacKillop and the local government area of  the Naracoorte Lucindale Council.

Naracoorte Lucindale Council
The Naracoorte Lucindale Council is a local government area in the Australian state of South Australia located in the Limestone Coast region in the south-east of the state adjacent to the Victorian border.

It was created on 1 December 1998 following the amalgamation of the District Council of Naracoorte and the District Council of Lucindale.

The districts economy is agricultural based, with cereal crops, sheep and beef predominantly farmed. It has a substantial tourist industry as well, with the Naracoorte Caves, Wonambi Fossil Centre and the seasonal Bool and Hacks Lagoons Wetlands being the main attractions.
Possession Street
Possession Street (Chinese: 水坑口街) is a street in Sheung Wan, from Queen's Road West to Hollywood Road, on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The street marks the boundary of Queen's Road West and Queen's Road Central.

Sheung Wan
Sheung Wan (Chinese: 上環) is an area in Hong Kong, located in the north-west of Hong Kong Island, between Central and Sai Ying Pun. Administratively, it is part of the Central and Western District. The name can be variously interpreted as Upper District (occupying relatively high ground compared to Central and Wan Chai), or Gateway District (perhaps a reference to the location where the British first entered and occupied Hong Kong).
Whitecross Street, Monmouth
Whitecross Street is a historic street in the town centre of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales.  It was in existence by the 15th century, and appears as Whit crose on the 1610 map of the town by cartographer John Speed.  It runs in an east-west direction, between Church Street and St James Square. It has been suggested that the street takes its name from a plague cross. Whitecross Street is lined with numerous listed buildings.

Rolls Hall, Monmouth
The Rolls Hall, Whitecross Street, Monmouth, Monmouthshire is a Victorian hall, now public library, donated to the town in celebration of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee by John Rolls, the future Lord Llangattock.  It is a Grade II listed building as of 8 October 2005, and is one of 24 buildings on the Monmouth Heritage Trail.
Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.

Mutant (Marvel Comics)
In American comic books published by Marvel Comics, a mutant is a human being that possesses a genetic trait called the X-gene. It causes the mutant to develop superhuman powers that manifest at puberty. Human mutants are sometimes referred to as a human subspecies Homo sapiens superior or simply Homo superior. Mutants are the evolutionary progeny of Homo sapiens, and are often referred to as the next stage in human evolution. The accuracy of this is the subject of much debate in the Marvel Universe.

Unlike Marvel's mutates, which are characters who develop their powers only after exposure to outside stimuli or energies (such as Spider-Man, Captain America, Fantastic Four, Hulk), mutants have innate genetic mutations from birth.
Venona project
The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program initiated during World War II by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service and later absorbed by the National Security Agency (NSA), that ran from February 1, 1943, until October 1, 1980. It was intended to decrypt messages transmitted by the intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union (e.g. the NKVD, the KGB, and the GRU).

During the 37-year duration of the Venona project, the Signal Intelligence Service decrypted and translated approximately 3,000 messages. The signals intelligence yield included discovery of the Cambridge Five espionage ring in the United Kingdom, and also of Soviet espionage of the Manhattan Project in the US, known as Project Enormous. Some of the espionage was undertaken to support the Soviet atomic bomb project. The Venona project remained secret for more than 15 years after it concluded.

Bill Weisband
William Weisband, Sr. (August 28, 1908 – May 14, 1967) was a Ukrainian-American cryptanalyst and  NKVD agent (code name 'LINK'), best known for his role in revealing U.S. decryptions of Soviet diplomatic and intelligence codes to Soviet intelligence.
Snapp
Snapp is a village, now mostly used as a farm in Jörns socken, Skellefteå Municipality, Västerbotten County, Sweden.

The village got its name in the 19th century when a geographical surveyor played with the childish rhyme Snipp, snapp, snorum, hej basalorum and named five new populated places in the Jörn Parish each after a word in the rhyme. The buildings' designations in the village still bear the name Snapp (Snapp 1:3 and Snapp 1:4). Snipp, Snorum, Hej and Basalorum are four other villages in the vicinity.

Hej
Hej is a village in Jörns socken in the north-west part of Skellefteå Municipality, Västerbotten County, Sweden.

The word Hej is the most common greeting in the Swedish language, and the equivalent of 'hi' in English. The village was named in the 19th century when a surveyor played with the childish rhyme Snipp, snapp, snorum, hej basalorum. Snipp, Snapp, Snorum and Basalorum are four other villages in the vicinity.
Adaptive optics
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes and laser communication systems to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion, in microscopy, optical fabrication and in retinal imaging systems (ophthalmoscopy) to reduce optical aberrations. Adaptive optics works by measuring the distortions in a wavefront and compensating for them with a device that corrects those errors such as a deformable mirror or a liquid crystal array.

Adaptive optics should not be confused with active optics, which work on a longer timescale to correct the primary mirror geometry.

Other methods can achieve resolving power exceeding the limit imposed by atmospheric distortion, such as speckle imaging, aperture synthesis, and lucky imaging, or by moving outside the atmosphere with space telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope.

Lucky imaging
Lucky imaging (also called lucky exposures) is one form of speckle imaging used for astrophotography. Speckle imaging techniques use a high-speed camera with exposure times short enough (100 ms or less) so that the changes in the Earth's atmosphere during the exposure are minimal.

With lucky imaging, those optimum exposures least affected by the atmosphere (typically around 10%) are chosen and combined into a single image by shifting and adding the short exposures, yielding much higher angular resolution than would be possible with a single, longer exposure, which includes all the frames.
UK Space Conference
The UK Space Conference is a conference devoted to space, held in the United Kingdom. The conference was founded by The British Interplanetary Society (BIS) and hosted the annual Sir Arthur Clarke Award prize-giving dinner, in association with the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation.

Sir Arthur Clarke Award
The Sir Arthur Clarke Award is a British award given annually since 2005 in recognition of notable contributions to space exploration, particularly British achievements. The awards are presented by the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation, although the selection is delegated to the British Interplanetary Society, with the exception of the International award, whose recipient is voted on by the Foundation  Nominations for the awards are made by members of the public, with shortlists drawn up by a panel of judges, who also choose the winner. Sir Arthur C. Clarke chose a special award independently of the public nominations.
Profilin
Profilin is an actin-binding protein involved in the dynamic turnover and reconstruction of the actin cytoskeleton.  It is found in most eukaryotic organisms. Profilin is important for spatially and temporally controlled growth of actin microfilaments, which is an essential process in cellular locomotion and cell shape changes. This restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for processes such as organ development, wound healing, and the hunting down of infectious intruders by cells of the immune system.

Profilin also binds sequences rich in the amino acid proline in diverse proteins. While most profilin in the cell is bound to actin, profilins have over 50 different binding partners. Many of those are related to actin regulation, but profilin also seems to be involved in activities in the nucleus such as mRNA splicing.

Profilin is the major allergen (via IgE) present in birch, grass, and other pollen.

Actin-binding protein
Actin-binding proteins (also known as ABPs) are proteins that bind to actin. This may mean ability to bind actin monomers, or polymers, or both.

Many actin-binding proteins, including α-actinin, β-spectrin, dystrophin, utrophin and fimbrin, do this through the actin-binding calponin homology domain.

This is a list of actin-binding proteins in alphabetical order.
M Sirajul Islam
M Sirajul Islam was a businessman and Awami League politician. He was elected Member of the National Assembly from Dacca in the Pakistan general election of 1970. After the outbreak of the Bangladesh liberation war, the elected members of the National Assembly from East Pakistan and the members of the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly transformed themselves into a constituent assembly. The constituent assembly drafted the Constitution of Bangladesh, and he was one of the signatories.

Yar Mohammad Khan
Yar Mohammad Khan (September 9, 1920 – August 29, 1981) was a Bangladeshi politician and statesman. He was the co-founder and first treasurer of the Bangladesh Awami League, the main political party that eventually led Bangladesh's struggle for independence against Pakistan.

Khan’s residence at 18, Karkun Bari Lane, Dhaka, was the League’s party office for its first few years. As treasurer, he donated a Jeep and a newspaper, The Daily Ittefaq, to the party. His able financing helped mobilize and galvanize the Awami League in its initial stages, bolstered its strength, and helped catapult it into the leading party in Bangladesh’s independence movement.
Robin Rimbaud
Robin Rimbaud (born 6 May 1964) is a British electronic musician who works under the name Scanner due to his use of cell phone and police scanners in live performance. He is also a member of the band Githead with Wire's Colin Newman and Malka Spigel and Max Franken from Minimal Compact.

Rimbaud is also a writer and media critic, multi-media artist and record producer. He borrowed his stage name from the device he used in his early recordings, picking up indeterminate radio and mobile phone signals in the airwaves and using them as an instrument in his compositions.

Malka Spigel
Malka Spigel (Hebrew: מלכה שפיגל; born 19 July 1954) is a London-based Israeli musician and artist. She was a founding member of the Israeli-Belgian rock band Minimal Compact. She has also worked as a solo musician and as a visual artist, exhibiting in prominent venues such as The Irish Museum of Modern Art and the Royal Festival Hall. She is a member of Githead along with husband Colin Newman, Robin Rimbaud and fellow Minimal Compact refugee Max Franken.