hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jötunheimr
The terms Jötunheimr (in Old Norse orthography: Jǫtunheimr [ˈjɔtonˌhɛimz̠]; often anglicised as Jotunheim) or Jötunheimar refer to either a land or multiple lands respectively in Nordic mythology inhabited by the jötnar (relatives of the gods, in English sometimes inaccurately called "giants").

Jötunheimar are typically, but not exclusively, presented in Eddic sources as prosperous lands located to the north and are commonly separated from the lands inhabited by gods and humans by barriers that cannot be traversed by usual means.

Mjölnir
Mjölnir (UK: /ˈmjɒlnɪər/ MYOL-neer, US: /ˈmjɔːlnɪər/ MYAWL-neer; from Old Norse Mjǫllnir [ˈmjɔlːnir]) is the hammer of the thunder god Thor in Norse mythology, used both as a devastating weapon and as a divine instrument to provide blessings. The hammer is attested in numerous sources, including the 11th century runic Kvinneby amulet, the Poetic Edda, a collection of eddic poetry compiled in the 13th century, and the Prose Edda, a collection of prose and poetry compiled in the 13th century. The hammer was commonly worn as a pendant during the Viking Age in the Scandinavian cultural sphere, and Thor and his hammer occur depicted on a variety of objects from the archaeological record. Today the symbol appears in a wide variety of media and is again worn as a pendant by various groups, including adherents of modern Heathenry.
Man-Child
Man-Child is the fifteenth studio album by jazz pianist Herbie Hancock. The record was released on August 22, 1975, by Columbia Records. It was the final studio album to feature the Headhunters, and a number of guest musicians including saxophonist Wayne Shorter, a full brass section, three different guitarists (including DeWayne McKnight), and Stevie Wonder on harmonica.

Wah Wah Watson
Melvin M. Ragin (December 8, 1950 – October 24, 2018), known professionally as Wah Wah Watson, was an American guitarist who was a member of the Funk Brothers, the studio band for Motown Records. He also worked extensively as a session musician in a variety of genres from jazz and pop to R&B.
Bewcastle Cross
The Bewcastle Cross is an Northumbrian cross which is still in its original position within the churchyard of St Cuthbert's church at Bewcastle, in the English county of Cumbria. The cross, which probably dates from the 7th or early 8th century, features reliefs and inscriptions in the runic alphabet. The head of the cross is missing but the remains are 14.5 feet (4.4 metres) high, and almost square in section 22 by 21+1⁄4 inches (56 cm × 54 cm) at the base. The crosses of Bewcastle and Ruthwell have been described by the scholar Nikolaus Pevsner as "the greatest achievement of their date in the whole of Europe".

Christ treading on the beasts
Christ treading on the beasts is a subject found in Late Antique and Early Medieval art, though it is never common.  It is a variant of the "Christ in Triumph" subject of the resurrected Christ, and shows a standing Christ with his feet on animals, often holding a cross-staff which may have a spear-head at the bottom of its shaft, or a staff or spear with a cross-motif on a pennon.  Some art historians argue that the subject exists in an even rarer pacific form as "Christ recognised by the beasts".
Hochstadt-Marktzeuln–Probstzella railway
The Hochstadt-Marktzeuln–Probstzella railway (also called in German the Frankenwaldbahn, "Franconian Forest Railway"), route no. KBS 840, is an 88 kilometre long, electrified, double-tracked main line from Lichtenfels via Kronach to Saalfeld. It is part of the Munich–Nuremberg–Bam­berg–Jena–Halle/Leipzig–Berlin trunk route. It was completed in October 1885.

The Franconian Forest line branches off from the Ludwig South-North Railway at Marktzeuln. Climbing the ramps from Pressig-Rothenkirchen and Probstzella to Steinbach am Wald the line ascends the heights of the Franconian Forest (Frankenwald). The ramps have a maximum incline of 29 ‰ and, even today, heavy goods trains require an additional banking locomotive at the front or rear of the train.

Saalfeld (Saale) station
Saalfeld station (called Saalfeld (Saale) or Saalfeld (S) by Deutsche Bahn) is the station in the city of Saalfeld in the southeast of the German state of Thuringia. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station.
Province of Halle-Merseburg
The Province of Halle-Merseburg (German: Provinz Halle-Merseburg) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1944 to 1945. The provincial capital was the city Merseburg.

Halle-Merseburg was created on 1 July 1944, out of Regierungsbezirk Merseburg, an administrative region from the former Province of Saxony. The governor of the new province was Joachim Albrecht Eggeling, the Gauleiter of the Nazi Gau Halle-Merseburg. In 1945, the Province of Halle-Merseburg was dissolved into a recreated Province of Saxony.

Provinces of Prussia
The Provinces of Prussia (German: Provinzen Preußens) were the main administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1947. Provinces constituted the highest level of administration in the Kingdom and its successor, the Free State of Prussia, until Nazi Germany established de facto direct rule over provincial politics in 1933. The provinces were abolished along with Prussia itself in 1947 following World War II.

The provinces were established after the Congress of Vienna granted Prussia significant new territories in 1815. Initially they were ruled by an appointed governor and an estates-based parliament, but beginning in 1876, self-administration and democratic participation were broadened. During the Weimar Republic, the provincial parliaments were further democratized, and the provinces gained a voice in the Prussian parliament through the introduction of the Prussian State Council. All traces of democracy were lost under Nazi rule.
Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of Frías
Bernardino Fernández de Velasco-Pacheco y Benavides, 14th Duke of Frías, Grandee of Spain, KOGF (1783 in Madrid – 1851) was a Spanish noble, politician, diplomat and writer who served in 1838 as Prime Minister of Spain. He was one of the most important Spanish nobles of his time, and held, among other titles, the dukedoms of Frías, Escalona and Uceda, the Marquisates of Villena and Berlanga, and the Countships of Alba de Liste, Oropesa and Peñaranda de Bracamonte.

Marquess of Villena
Marquess of Villena (Spanish: Marqués de Villena) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, granted in 1445 by John II to Juan Pacheco, Grand Master of the Order of Santiago and later also 1st Duke of Escalona.

It was originally founded as the Lordship of Villena in the thirteenth century by Ferdinand III of Castile for his youngest son, Don Manuel. In 1369, the estate was elevated to a Marquisate, the first such designation in Castile, and awarded to Don Alfonso of Aragon. 
However, the title was not hereditary and in 1395 it reverted back to the crown of Castile. From that point, Villena had a complicated history of awards and reversions back to the crown until John II granted it as a hereditary title to Juan Pacheco in 1445. It was the first time the Marquisate was held outside of royalty.

The 8th marquess, Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco, founded the Royal Spanish Academy.
Dracunculus (plant)
Dracunculus is a genus of two species of a tuberous perennial of the family Araceae. They are characterised by a large purple spathe and spadix, often produced in advance of the pedate, dark green leaves often with white mottling. The open spathe is usually accompanied by a foul smell.

The best known species is Dracunculus vulgaris, which is sometimes grown in gardens for ornamental purposes.

They are native to the Mediterranean, Madeira and the Canary Islands where they are found in rocky areas, hillsides and waste ground.

Dracunculus vulgaris
Dracunculus vulgaris is a species of aroid flowering plant in the genus Dracunculus and the arum family Araceae. Common names include the common dracunculus, dragon lily, dragon arum, black arum and vampire lily. In Greece, part of its native range, the plant is called drakondia, the long spadix being viewed as a small dragon hiding in the spathe.

This herbaceous perennial is endemic to the Balkans, extending as far as Greece, Crete, and the Aegean Islands, and also to the south-western parts of Anatolia.
15th Canadian Light Horse
The 15th Canadian Light Horse was a light cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First formed in 1905 as the 15th Light Horse, the regiment was redesignated in 1920 as the 15th Canadian Light Horse. In 1936, the regiment was amalgamated with The South Alberta Horse to form the 15th Alberta Light Horse (now part of the South Alberta Light Horse).

South Alberta Light Horse
The South Alberta Light Horse (SALH) is a Canadian Army armoured reconnaissance regiment of the Canadian Army Reserve. It traces its complicated lineage to the Rocky Mountain Rangers, and claims its direct ancestry to the 15th Light Horse, along with various other Alberta based cavalry units. The "Light Horse" designation comes from its light cavalry and mounted infantry origins.

The SALH is part of 41 Canadian Brigade Group of the 3rd Canadian Division, and is based in Medicine Hat, Edmonton and Lethbridge, Alberta.
2023 Caribbean heat wave
The 2023 Caribbean heat wave was one of the heat waves in the series of the 2023 heat waves. It was an intense weather event characterized by prolonged record-breaking temperatures affecting the Caribbean, South Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico.

2023 heat waves
A number of heat waves began across parts of the northern hemisphere in April 2023. Various heat records have been broken, with July being the hottest month ever recorded.

Scientists have attributed the heat waves to man-made climate change. Another cause is the El Niño phenomena which began to develop in 2023. 
However, recent findings show that climate change is exacerbating the strength of El Niño.

The heatwaves caused severe damage in areas such as the western United States, southern Europe, and parts of Asia. 
The abnormal temperatures have led to a "very extreme" likelihood of wildfires, according to the Fire Weather Index.

The heatwaves were also occurring alongside some unusually heavy flooding (i.e. the 2023 European floods).

In response to the heatwave some leaders called for greater action to stop climate change. US President Joe Biden took some measures to protect the population from extreme heat.
Oliver Kirk
Oliver Leonard Kirk (April 20, 1884 – March 14, 1960) was an American bantamweight and featherweight professional boxer who won two gold medals in Boxing at the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was born in Beatrice, Nebraska and died in St. Louis, Missouri.

Kirk is the only boxer in Olympic history to ever win two gold medals in two separate weight divisions at the same Olympics. He won gold in the featherweight and lost almost 10 pounds in under two weeks and also won gold in the bantamweight category. Kirk only had to win two fights to capture his two gold medals, in the bantamweight class only two boxers competed. In the featherweight class there were three boxers with Kirk earning the bye in the first round.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Orientifold
In theoretical physics orientifold is a generalization of the notion of orbifold, proposed by Augusto Sagnotti in 1987. The novelty is that in the case of string theory the non-trivial element(s) of the orbifold group includes the reversal of the orientation of the string. Orientifolding therefore produces unoriented strings—strings that carry no "arrow" and whose two opposite orientations are equivalent. Type I string theory is the simplest example of such a theory and can be obtained by orientifolding type IIB string theory.

In mathematical terms, given a smooth manifold , two discrete, freely acting, groups  and  and the worldsheet parity operator  (such that ) an orientifold is expressed as the quotient space . If  is empty, then the quotient space is an orbifold. If  is not empty, then it is an orientifold.

Type II string theory
In theoretical physics, type II string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings theories. Type II string theory accounts for two of the five consistent superstring theories in ten dimensions. Both theories have  extended supersymmetry which is maximal amount of supersymmetry — namely 32 supercharges — in ten dimensions. Both theories are based on oriented closed strings. On the worldsheet, they differ only in the choice of GSO projection. They were first discovered by Michael Green and John Henry Schwarz in 1982, with the terminology of type I and type II coined to classify the three string theories known at the time.
Palatine Lodge No. 97
Palatine Lodge No. 97 is a Craft Masonic Lodge in Freemasonry under the jurisdiction of the United Grand Lodge of England. The lodge  meets at Wearside Masonic Temple, Burdon Road, Sunderland and has done so since 1932. Previously the lodge met at the  Masonic Hall in Park Terrace, which was dismantled in 1988, rebuilt and opened in April 2000 at the Beamish Open Air Museum, Stanley, County Durham, England.

Sir Hedworth Williamson, 7th Baronet
Sir Hedworth Williamson, 7th Baronet (1 November 1797 – 24 April 1861) was an English Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1831 and 1852. He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge.

Williamson was the son of Sir Hedworth Williamson, 6th Baronet. He inherited the baronetcy from his father in 1810.
Fauna
The Fauna (pl.: faunae or faunas) is the whole of animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding terms for plants and fungi are flora and funga, respectively. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as biota. Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess Shale fauna". Paleontologists sometimes refer to a sequence of faunal stages, which is a series of rocks all containing similar fossils. The study of animals of a particular region is called faunistics.

Funga
Funga is all the fungi of a particular region, habitat, or geological period. In life sciences, "funga" is a recent term (2000s) for the kingdom Fungi similar to the longstanding fauna for animals and flora for plants. The term seeks to simplify projects oriented toward implementation of educational and conservation goals. It highlights parallel terminology referring to treatments of these macroorganisms in particular geographical areas. An official proposal for the term occurred in 2018, despite previous use.

The Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in August 2021 called for the recognition of fungi as one of three kingdoms of life, and critical to protecting and restoring Earth. Funga was recommended by the IUCN in 2021. They ask that the phrase animals and plants be replaced by animals, fungi, and plants, and fauna and flora by fauna, flora, and funga.
Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy
Established in 2007, the Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy (JSGS) is a centre for advanced education, research and training in policy and administration. It has locations at the University of Regina and the University of Saskatchewan.

The school is named after two of Saskatchewan's best-known public servants, Albert Wesley Johnson and Thomas Shoyama. The school offers five graduate programs - Master of Public Administration (MPA, professional degree, Canadian Association of Programs in Public Administration (CAPPA) accredited), Master of Public Policy (MPP, research-based degree), PhD in Public Policy (PhD, research-based degree), Master of International Trade (MIT, online delivery), Master of Health Administration (MHA, online delivery), five Master's Certificates, and executive and board education. The School employs faculty that include two Canada Research Chairs.

University of Regina
The University of Regina is a public university located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Founded in 1911 as a private denominational high school of the Methodist Church of Canada, it began an association with the University of Saskatchewan as a junior college in 1925. It disaffiliated from its Methodist founders and fully ceded to the university in 1934; in 1961 it attained degree-granting status as the Regina Campus of the University of Saskatchewan. It became an autonomous university in 1974. The University of Regina is a research university with a focus on experiential learning. Record enrolment was seen in September 2023, with over 16,800 students enrolled.
Nebraska–Omaha Mavericks football
The Nebraska–Omaha Mavericks football team represented the University of Nebraska Omaha in NCAA Division II college football, and played its first season in 1911. They competed in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) during their last season in 2010 and played home games on campus at Al F. Caniglia Field in Omaha, Nebraska.

On March 25, 2011, the university's board of regents voted to disband the team in order to save money for the athletic program, which was transitioning to Division I. (Disputed by ESPN; see link below)

Al F. Caniglia Field
Al F. Caniglia Field is a stadium located on the campus of the University of Nebraska at Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska. Beginning on October 26, 2013, it became home of the Omaha Mavericks men's and women's soccer teams. It was the former home of the Omaha Maverick football team from 1949-2011.

Caniglia Field seats 3,097 fans and features 1,390 chairback seats and VIP boxes. The field features a 21-foot by 42-foot LED video board and scoreboard. The Omaha soccer pitch, installed by Hellas Construction, is the only NCAA Division I field to receive the prestigious FIFA Recommended 2-Star certification. The state-of-the-art soccer-specific turf features a lower grain that allows the ball to move faster and an infill of ground coconut husks and cork to keep the on-field temperature lower.
Abiru
The Abiru (Kinyarwanda for royal ritualists) were the members of the privy council of the monarchy of Rwanda. They were oral repositories of the ubwiiru, an esoteric code of kingship. Due to the mythopoetic nature of accounts of the early history of the Abiru and the Rwandan monarchy, an accurate history of the Abiru is difficult to codify or study.

The council as a whole can be described as a priestly body that elected, advised, and/or deposed Rwandan kings. The debate continues over the pre-colonial functions of the body, which necessitates further research to substantiate definitive statements on the subject.

The wider ethnic community traditionally expected to provide the council's membership was known as the Abatsobe.

Ubwiiru
Ubwiiru (Kinyarwanda: Mystery) is the traditional name for the sacred code of the Monarchy of Rwanda. Encompassing songs, proverbs, laws, customs and a secret language that was used to convey all of the preceding, its custodians were the Abiru, hereditary privy counsellors to the Mwamis and their court.
CHILD syndrome
Congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects (also known as "CHILD syndrome") is a genetic disorder with onset at birth seen almost exclusively in females.: 485   The disorder is related to CPDX2, and also has skin and skeletal abnormalities, distinguished by a sharp midline demarcation of the ichthyosis with minimal linear or segmental contralateral involvement.: 501

The acronym was introduced in 1980.

Ichthyosis
Ichthyosis is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin. The more than 20 types of ichthyosis range in severity of symptoms, outward appearance, underlying genetic cause and mode of inheritance (e.g., dominant, recessive, autosomal or X-linked). Ichthyosis comes from Greek  ἰχθύς (ichthys) 'fish', since dry, scaly skin is the defining feature of all forms of ichthyosis.

The severity of symptoms can vary enormously, from the mildest, most common, types such as ichthyosis vulgaris, which may be mistaken for normal dry skin, up to life-threatening conditions such as harlequin-type ichthyosis.  Ichthyosis vulgaris accounts for more than 95% of cases.
Genes, Brain and Behavior
Genes, Brain and Behavior (also known as G2B) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research in the fields of behavioral, neural, and psychiatric genetics. It is published by Wiley on behalf of the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society. The journal was established in 2002 as a quarterly and is currently published bimonthly. In 2024, Douglas Wahlsten wrote that the contents of the journal are "thoroughly modern", not suffering from the genetic determinism that "infected" many earlier behavior-genetics publications.

International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society
The International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society (IBANGS) is a learned society that was founded in 1996. The goal of IBANGS is "promote and facilitate the growth of research in the field of neural behavioral genetics".
Esau (judge royal)
Esau (Hungarian: Ézsau) was a lord in the Kingdom of Hungary, who served as Judge royal between 1197 and 1198, during the reign of Emeric, King of Hungary.

According to historian Attila Zsoldos he is not identical with his contemporary namesake, who functioned as Palatine of Hungary at the same time, from 1197 to 1198. Judge royal Esau also held the office of ispán of Csanád County between 1197 and 1198. Furthermore, non-authentic charters also propose that Esau was already Judge royal since 1193–1195, which data does not conflict with reliable sources.

Esau, Palatine of Hungary
Esau (Hungarian: Ézsau; died after 1198) was a Hungarian lord in the second half of the 12th century, who served as Palatine of Hungary from 1197 to 1198.

It is possible he is identical with that namesake lord (Esew), who served as ispán of Bihar County from 1181 to 1183 (or 1186), during the reign of Béla III of Hungary. Esau was a confidant of Emeric, King of Hungary. Sometime between 1193 and 1197, he was made Palatine of Hungary. He functioned in this capacity until 1198, when Mog succeeded him. Beside his dignity, Esau also administered Bács County in the same period.

Despite the claims of earlier 19th-century historiography, Esau is not identical with contemporary namesake, who appears as Judge royal and ispán of Csanád County in the same period, between 1197 and 1198.
QuEST
Quantum Entanglement Science and Technology (QuEST) is a research program, announced by the DARPA Microsystems Technology Office (MTO) in 2008. As a follow-on to the QuIST Program, its goal was to further accelerate development in the field of quantum information science.

Example areas under investigation included:

Shor's factoring algorithm,

Quantum machine learning,

Quantum game theory,

Secure quantum communications,

Quantum ghost imaging and interaction-free measurement, quantum image processing,

Remote sensing, quantum radar and quantum metrology, e.g. entanglement-assisted gravitomagnetic interferometry.

QuIST
The Quantum Information Science and Technology Program (abbreviated as QUIST or QuIST) was a five-year, $100M DARPA research program that ran from FY 2001 – 2005. The initiative was jointly created by the Defense Sciences Office (DSO) and the Information Technology Office (ITO) to accelerate development in the field of quantum computing, quantum communications, quantum algorithms, and other high-priority quantum information applications. As a completed program, QuIST received an award from DARPA in 2008 for scientific breakthroughs previously conducted under its support.