hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Materia medica
Materia medica (lit.: 'medical material/substance') is a Latin term from the history of pharmacy for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing (i.e., medications). The term derives from the title of a work by the Ancient Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides in the 1st century AD, De materia medica, 'On medical material' (Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς, Peri hylēs iatrikēs, in Greek).

The term materia medica was used from the period of the Roman Empire until the 20th century, but has now been generally replaced in medical education contexts by the term pharmacology. The term survives in the title of the British Medical Journal's "Materia Non Medica" column.

Pietro Andrea Mattioli
Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli (Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro anˈdrɛːa ɡreˈɡɔːrjo matˈtjɔːli]; 12 March 1501– c. 1578) was a doctor and naturalist born in Siena. His most important work was a commentary on the medicinal plants of Pedanius Dioscorides first published in 1544 which was translated into several languages and went into thirteen editions in his lifetime.
Scout group
A Scout group is a local organization used in some Scout organizations that groups a Scout troop or unit with other age programs, separate gender-based Scout troops and/or multiple Scout troops.

A Scout group that groups Scouts with programs for other ages, is referred to as "family scouting". Some Scout organizations, particularly traditional Scout organizations, reject connection of Scouts with other age programs and family scouting.

Age groups in Scouting and Guiding
Some Scout and Guide organizations in the Scout Movement and Girl Guides, in addition to Scouts, operate other programs for other age groups. Some Scout organizations separate older scout (e.g. senior scouts, Venture Scouts, Explorer Scouts), often specializing in or undertaking more adventurous activities such as Sea Scouts, Air Scouts, high adventure, mounted Scouts and cyclist Scouts.
Greenwood Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Greenwood (Knights of Pythias) Cemetery is a historic cemetery in the Frankford neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It was established in 1869, is 43 acres in size and contains approximately 20,000 graves.

It was established by the Knights of Pythias to provide burials for their members. Over time, the cemetery suffered from abandonment and vandalism. The cemetery became a site for illegal dumping and the rear portion of the property became wildly overgrown. In August 2000, the cemetery was added to the list of Philadelphia Register of Historic Places.

The Friends of Greenwood Cemetery and Greenwood Holdings have been successful in cleaning up the cemetery and renovating the house on the property. In 2008, approximately 1,500 bodies were reinterred from the rear portion of the cemetery to a mass grave near the front of the property to allow construction of a parking lot for the adjacent Cancer Treatment Centers of America.

Frankford, Philadelphia
Frankford is a neighborhood in the Northeast section of Philadelphia situated about six miles (10 km) northeast of Center City. Although its borders are vaguely defined, the neighborhood is bounded roughly by the original course of Frankford Creek on the south to Castor Ave and Roosevelt boulevard on the northwest and southwest, to Cheltenham Avenue on the north, and to Aramingo Avenue and I-95 on the east. Adjacent neighborhoods are Bridesburg, Juniata, Northwood, Summerdale, and Wissinoming.

Historically, Frankford had an unofficial division separating Frankford (proper) from East Frankford, which encompassed the area east of Frankford Avenue. The division divided the community first along racial lines, with African Americans to the east of Frankford Avenue and Caucasians to the west.
Chevron Park
Chevron Park is a stadium in Los Mochis, Mexico.  It is primarily used for baseball and serves as the home stadium for Cañeros de Los Mochis.  The stadium has a capacity of 12,500 people.

The stadium was built in 1947 with an initial capacity of 3,000. In 1982, the stadium was badly damaged by Hurricane Paul, which restricted the team to day games only the following season, as they were without lights.

In 2014, the stadium hosted group C of the 2014 15U Baseball World Cup

Cañeros de Los Mochis
The Cañeros de Los Mochis (English: Los Mochis Sugar Canes) are a professional baseball team based in Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico. They compete in the Mexican Pacific League (LMP).  The team plays at the Estadio Emilio Ibarra Almada with a capacity of 12,500 seated spectators.

The Cañeros have won the LMP championship four times in 1968–69, 1983–84, 2002–03 and most recently in 2022–23.
Luc Nilis
Luc Gilbert Cyrille Nilis (born 25 May 1967) is a Belgian professional football manager and former player who is the striker coach of Patro Eisden.

He spent most of his career in his native Belgium and, in particular, in the Netherlands with PSV. His playing days came to an end in the 2000–01 season after breaking his leg in a match with his club Aston Villa following a clash with Ipswich Town goalkeeper Richard Wright.

KRC Genk
Koninklijke Racing Club Genk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈreːsɪŋ ˌklʏp ˈxɛŋk]), commonly known as KRC Genk or Racing Genk, is a Belgian professional football club based in the city of Genk in Belgian Limburg.  Racing Genk plays in the Belgian Pro League and have won four championship titles; in 1998–99, in 2001–02, in 2010–11 and in 2018–19. They have also won five Belgian Cups, most recently in 2020–21. They qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage in the 2002–03, 2011–12 and 2019–20.

The club formed in 1988 by the merger of Waterschei Thor with KFC Winterslag, from which it took over the matricule number.  It has been one of the most successful clubs in Belgium since the late 1990s and so they regularly qualify for European competitions. The club has been playing in the first division since the 1996–97 season. They play their home matches in the Cegeka Arena. Their main outfit is blue and white.
Quảng Trị province
Quảng Trị (Vietnamese pronunciation: [kʷâŋ ʈ͡ʂîˀ]) is a coastal province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Huế to the south, Laos to the west and the South China Sea to the east, with 75 kilometres (47 mi) of coast.

Quảng Trị
Quảng Trị (listenⓘ) is a ward in Quảng Trị Province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It is second of two municipalities in the province after the provincial capital Đông Hà.

Prior to July 1, 2025, Quảng Trị Ward was formerly Quảng Trị Town, which had five subordinate administrative units, including Wards 1, 2, 3, An Đôn Ward, and Hải Lệ Commune. During the administrative reorganization and restructuring in 2025, all five subordinate administrative units of Quảng Trị Town were dissolved, and Quảng Trị Town was converted into Quảng Trị Ward.
KDFT
KDFT (540 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Ferris, Texas and broadcasting to the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.  It is owned and operated by Multicultural Broadcasting and airs a Spanish-language Christian talk and teaching radio format.  Its slogan is "La Ponderosa" or "The Power."

By day, KDFT is powered at 1,000 watts.  But 540 AM is a Mexican and Canadian clear channel frequency.  So to avoid interference, KDFT reduces its nighttime power to 249 watts.  It uses a directional antenna at all times.  The transmitter is off Wickliffe Road in Bristol, Texas.

Multicultural Broadcasting
Multicultural Broadcasting is a media company based in New York City founded by Chinese-American businessman Arthur Liu.  It caters mostly to the Asian American community and owns television and radio stations in several of the top markets in multiple languages.

The company was founded as Multicultural Radio Broadcasting Inc. (MRBI) in 1982 with an initial business in United States radio broadcasting industry. To this day, it remains the largest Asian American owned media group in the U.S.
L. D. Giddens and Son Jewelry Store
L. D. Giddens and Son Jewelry Store is a historic commercial building located at Goldsboro, Wayne County, North Carolina.  It was built between 1839 and 1847, and is a two-story, three-bay, brick building.  It measures 104 feet long and 23 feet, 6 inches wide. It features cast iron ornamentation and a freestanding clock (1877) at the street measuring 14 feet high. L. D. Giddens and Son was founded in 1859 and may be the oldest jewelry store in North Carolina.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Goldsboro, North Carolina
Goldsboro, originally Goldsborough, is a city in and the county seat of Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 33,657 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of and is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. The nearby town of Waynesboro was founded in 1787, and Goldsboro was incorporated in 1847.

The city is situated in North Carolina's Coastal Plain and is bordered on the south by the Neuse River and the west by the Little River, approximately 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Greenville, 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Raleigh, the state capital, and 75 miles (121 km) north of Wilmington in Southeastern North Carolina. Seymour Johnson Air Force Base is located in Goldsboro. Even though there is an Air Force base, it is still considered one of the most dangerous cities in North Carolina. Its crime rate is higher than both the national, and state average.
AMX-13
The AMX-13 is a French light tank produced from 1952 to 1987. It served with the French Army, as the Char 13t-75 Modèle 51, and was exported to more than 26 other nations. Named after its initial weight of 13 tonnes, and featuring a tough and reliable chassis, it was fitted with an oscillating turret built by GIAT Industries (now KNDS_France) with revolver-type magazines, which were also used on the Austrian SK-105 Kürassier. Including prototypes and export versions, over a hundred variants exist, including self-propelled guns, anti-aircraft systems, APCs, and ATGM versions.

SA 50
The 75 SA 50 (French: 75 mm Semi-Automatique Modèle 1950; English: 75 mm Semi-Automatic 1950 Model) also called 75 Mle 50 or CN 75-50 is a French 75 mm high-velocity rifled gun. Although originally designed for the AMX-13 light tank, the SA 50 has also been used on the EBR wheeled reconnaissance vehicle and foreign medium tanks such as the Israeli upgraded Super Sherman.
Motion blur (media)
Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

Frame rate
Frame rate, commonly expressed in frame/s, frames per second, or FPS, is typically the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed. This definition applies to film and video cameras, computer animation, and motion capture systems. In these contexts, frame rate may be used interchangeably with frame frequency and refresh rate, which are expressed in hertz (Hz). Additionally, in the context of computer graphics performance, FPS is the rate at which a system, particularly a GPU, is able to generate frames, and refresh rate is the frequency at which a display shows completed frames. In electronic camera specifications frame rate refers to the maximum possible rate frames could be captured, but in practice, other settings (such as exposure time) may reduce the actual frequency to a lower number than the frame rate.
Columbus Japanese Language School
Columbus Japanese Language School (コロンバス日本語補習校, Koronbasu Nihongo Hoshūkō; CJLS) is a weekend supplementary Japanese school, based in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area.

The classes are held in Creekview Intermediate School, of the Marysville Exempted Village Schools District (MEVSD) in Marysville. The school office is located in Worthington.

Marysville Exempted Village Schools District
Marysville Exempted Village Schools District is a public school district in Marysville, Ohio.

Marysville Schools, is a growing school district located about 20 miles Northwest of Columbus, Ohio. The district has over 5,400 students consisting of five elementary schools (K-4), one intermediate school (5-6), one middle school (7-8), one high school (9-12), and one STEM early college high school (9-12).  Our schools employ over 300 teachers and 200 support staff, such as maintenance, custodians, secretaries, aides, food service personnel, bus drivers, School Age Child Care (SACC), etc.
Villa Lighthouse
Villa Lighthouse (Norwegian: Villa fyrstasjon) is a deactivated lighthouse in Flatanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The lighthouse was built in 1839 and it was decommissioned in 1890.

Villa Lighthouse is located on the island of Villa in the Folda sea. The 15-metre (49 ft) tall tower was built of granite, soapstone, and brick. It was constructed in a hexagonal shape. The lighthouse was built in 1839 and was the first lighthouse in Norway that was built north of the Trondheimsfjord. It was one of the six coal-fired lighthouses built in Norway during the 1800s, and it is generally considered to be the best preserved of them all.

In 1859, it was upgraded to burn liquid fuels.  When the lighthouse closed in 1890, the lens was moved to the Nordøyan Lighthouse. The lighthouse was replaced by the Ellingråsa Lighthouse on the nearby island of Bjørøya.

Villa, Norway
Villa is an island in Flatanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 1.2-square-kilometre (300-acre) island lies in the Folda sea about 1.65 kilometres (1.03 mi) northwest of the village of Lauvsnes on the mainland and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the island of Bjørøya.  The Villa Lighthouse is located on the western part of the island. The island had some permanent residents until the 1960s, but now it is uninhabited.

Large parts of the island consists of rocky mountains and rocks, but it also has bogs and heather areas and offers a rich flora, with some rare plants such as the yellow water-lily.
Mercenary
A mercenary is a private individual who joins an armed conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any other official military. Mercenaries fight for money or other forms of payment rather than for political interests.

Beginning in the 20th century, mercenaries have increasingly come to be seen as less entitled to protection by rules of war than non-mercenaries. The Geneva Conventions declare that mercenaries are not recognized as legitimate combatants and do not have to be granted the same legal protections as captured service personnel of the armed forces. In practice, whether or not a person is a mercenary may be a matter of degree, as financial and political interests may overlap.

Executive Outcomes
Executive Outcomes is a private military company (PMC) founded in South Africa in 1989 by Eeben Barlow, a former lieutenant-colonel of the South African Defence Force. It later became part of the South African-based holding company Strategic Resource Corporation. The company was reestablished in 2020.
Minister of State at the Department of Children, Disability and Equality
The Minister of State at the Department of Children, Disability and Equality is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Children, Disability and Equality of the Government of Ireland who performs functions delegated by the Minister for Children, Disability and Equality. The Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank.

As of 2025, there is one Minister of State:

Emer Higgins, TD – Minister of State with special responsibility for disability. Higgins is also a super junior minister, which is a minister of state in attendance at cabinet, but without a vote.

Department of Children, Disability and Equality
The Department of Children, Disability and Equality (Irish: An Roinn Leanaí, Míchumais agus Comhionannais) is a department of the Government of Ireland. It is led by the Minister for Children, Disability and Equality.
Marine Parade
Marine Parade is a planning area and residential estate located on the eastern fringe of the Central Region of Singapore. Straddling the tip of the southeastern coast of mainland Singapore, Marine Parade serves as a buffer between the Central and East regions of the country. Bordering it are the planning areas of Geylang to the north, Kallang to the northwest, Bedok to the northeast, Marina East to the southwest and the Singapore Straits to the south.

Marine Parade is further divided into five subzones, East Coast, Katong, Marine Parade, Marina East (not to be confused with Marina East, the neighbouring planning area), and Mountbatten.

Central Region, Singapore
The Central Region is one of the five regions in the city-state of Singapore. It is the main metropolitan region surrounding the Central Area. Comprising 132.7 square kilometres (51.2 sq mi) of land area, it includes 11 planning areas (PAs) within the Central Area, as well as another 11 more outside it. The region is home to many of Singapore's national monuments as it was historically the area where the city was first founded and consists of country's only UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Singapore Botanic Gardens.

Although the Central Area is by nature chiefly commercial, especially the area in the Downtown Core, it also includes numerous residential housing of various types, ranging from public Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats to more affluent forms of housing, such as private condominiums and bungalows. There are also at least 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) of green spaces, including parks, gardens and other recreational spaces linked by 19 km of park connectors.
Samsari Range
Samsari Range (Georgian: სამსრის ქედი) is a volcanic range in southern Georgia, 120 km (75 mi) to the southwest of Tbilisi. It is a part of the Highland of Southern Georgia and rises above the Javakheti and Tsalka Plateaus. The range itself is 42 km (26 mi) long and runs north to south from the Ktsia to the Paravani River Gorges. There is archaeological evidence of ancient forts on some of the peaks.

Didi Abuli
Didi Abuli (Georgian: დიდი აბული; Armenian: Աբուլ (Abul)) is one of the highest peaks of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the nation of Georgia. The mountain is located in the Abul-Samsari Range at an elevation of 3,301 m (10,830 ft) above sea level. Didi Abuli is an extinct stratovolcano.
Xenia (automobile)
The Xenia was an American cyclecar designed by P. E. Hawkins of Cleveland and manufactured in Xenia, Ohio in 1914. The factory was Fred Baldner's machine shop, in which Baldner manufactured his own car from 1900 to 1903.

The Model 14A was built with the odd combination of an epicyclic gearbox and belt final drive, and was powered by an 1164 cc vee-twin Deluxe engine. The body seated two passengers in a tandem arrangement, and the car sold for $395. A Xenia was driven from Ohio all the way to San Francisco without problems, while another Xenia finished first in the cyclecar races held in Columbus, Ohio in August 1914.

The Hawkins Cyclecar Company went out of business in October 1914, with total production of the Xenia being approximately 25 cars.

Xenia, Ohio
Xenia (/ˈziːniə/ ZEE-nee-ə) is a city in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Located in southwestern Ohio, it is 15 miles (24 km) east of Dayton and is part of the Dayton metropolitan area as well as the Miami Valley region. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 25,441. The city's name comes from the Greek word Xenia (ξενία), which means 'hospitality'.
Grosse Caye
Grosse Caye (Haitian Creole: Gwòskay) is an island of Haiti which is located in Sud, east of Île-à-Vache which is located a bit further west, in the Baie des Cayes (Bay of the Cayes) and north of the Canal du Sud.

Sud (department)
Sud (French, pronounced [syd] ⓘ) or Sid (Haitian Creole; both meaning "South") is one of the ten departments of Haiti and located in southern Haiti. It has an area of 2,653.60 square kilometres (1,024.56 sq mi) and a population of 774,976. Its capital is Les Cayes.
Siege of Larache (1689)
The siege of Larache, in 1689, was undertaken by an army of Morocco under 'Alawid Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif against the Spanish forces of Charles II, which had ruled the city for almost 80 years since its cession in 1610. After three months of siege, the defenders were forced to capitulate.

Larache
Larache (Arabic: العرائش, romanized: al-ʿArāʾish) is a city in northwestern Morocco. It is on the Moroccan coast, where the Loukkos River meets the Atlantic Ocean. Larache is one of the most important cities of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region.

Many civilisations and cultures have influenced the history of Larache, starting in the ancient city of Lixus during the 12th century BCE. Between the period of being a strategic Berber town and then a Phoenician trading centre to Morocco's independence era around the 1950s, Larache was a nexus for many cultures.
Tullamarine
Tullamarine (/ˌtʌləməˈriːn/ ⓘ TUL-ə-mə-REEN) is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 14 km (8.7 mi) north-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Brimbank, Hume and Merri-bek local government areas. Tullamarine recorded a population of 6,733 at the 2021 census.

The suburb is a collection of recent housing estates and light industry. Generally flat and exposed to the hot northerly winds of Melbourne's summer, as well as cold southerly winds in winter, its most notable feature is the nearby Melbourne Airport. Tullamarine's residential area is contained in a circular loop of the Moonee Ponds Creek, and its western boundary is the Melbourne Airport. Tullamarine contains the smaller residential area of Gladstone Park. The Albion-Jacana railway line separates Tullamarine from Airport West to the south.

City of Broadmeadows
The City of Broadmeadows was a local government area about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 63.65 square kilometres (24.58 sq mi), and existed from 1857 until 1994.
CYP17A1
Cytochrome P450 17A1 (steroid 17α-monooxygenase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17-alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, 17,20-desmolase) is an enzyme of the hydroxylase type that in humans is encoded by the CYP17A1 gene on chromosome 10. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types, including the zona reticularis and zona fasciculata (but not zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex as well as gonadal tissues. It has both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities, and is a key enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway that produces progestins, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. More specifically, the enzyme acts upon pregnenolone and progesterone to add a hydroxyl (-OH) group at carbon 17 position (C17) of the steroid D ring (the 17α-hydroxylase activity, EC 1.14.14.19), or acts upon 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to split the side-chain off the steroid nucleus (the 17,20-lyase activity, EC 1.14.14.32).

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.