hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg
The Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg (German: Hochstift Brandenburg) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from the 12th century until it was secularized during the second half of the 16th century. It should not be confused with the larger Diocese of Brandenburg (Latin: Dioecesis Brandenburgensis) established by King Otto I of Germany in 948, in the territory of the Marca Geronis (Saxon Eastern March) east of the Elbe river. The diocese, over which the prince-bishop exercised only spiritual authority, was a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg, its seat was Brandenburg an der Havel.

Brandenburg an der Havel
Brandenburg an der Havel (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁandn̩bʊʁk ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈhaːfl̩] ⓘ) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, which served as the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg until it was replaced by Berlin in 1417.

With a population of 72,040 (as of 2020), it is located on the banks of the River Havel. The town of Brandenburg provided the name for the medieval Bishopric of Brandenburg, the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the current state of Brandenburg. Today, it is a small town compared to nearby Berlin but was the original nucleus of the former realms of Brandenburg and Prussia.
Japanese minelayer Shirataka
Shirataka (白鷹, "White Hawk") was a medium-sized minelayer of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which was in service during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. She was the world's first purpose-built anti-submarine netlayer. Also, unlike any other warship in the Japanese Navy, she had two chrysanthemum crests due to her unusual bow configuration.

Third Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)
The 3rd Fleet (第三艦隊, Dai-san Kantai) was a fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), which was created in 1903, and subsequently disbanded on six separate occasions and revived on five separate occasions. It was first created during the Russo-Japanese War, was revived for the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, World War I, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and World War II, and finally disbanded in 1944.
William Carew Hazlitt
William Carew Hazlitt (22 August 1834 – 8 September 1913), known professionally as W. Carew Hazlitt, was an English lawyer, bibliographer, editor and writer. He was the son of the barrister and registrar William Hazlitt, a grandson of the essayist and critic William Hazlitt, and a great-grandson of the Unitarian minister and author William Hazlitt. William Carew Hazlitt was educated at the Merchant Taylors' School and was called to the bar of the Inner Temple in 1861.

William Hazlitt
William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 – 18 September 1830) was an English essayist, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher. He is now considered one of the greatest critics and essayists in the history of the English language, placed in the company of Samuel Johnson and George Orwell. He is also acknowledged as the finest art critic of his age. Despite his high standing among historians of literature and art, his work is currently little read and mostly out of print.

During his lifetime he befriended many people who are now part of the 19th-century literary canon, including Charles and Mary Lamb, Stendhal, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, and John Keats.
Arsenio Lacson
Arsenio Hilario Sison Lacson Sr. (December 26, 1912 – April 15, 1962) was a Filipino lawyer, journalist and politician who gained widespread attention as the 17th Mayor of Manila and the first to be democratically elected. An active executive likened by Time and The New York Times to New York City's Fiorello La Guardia, he was the first Manila mayor to be reelected to three terms, remaining in office for over a decade from January 1952 to April 1962. Nicknamed "Arsenic" and described as "a good man with a bad mouth", Lacson's fiery temperament became a trademark of his political and broadcasting career. He died suddenly from a stroke amidst talk that he was planning to run in the 1965 presidential election.

Plaza Lacson
Plaza Lacson, also known by its old name, Plaza (de) Goiti, is a public square in Santa Cruz, Manila. It is bounded by Plaza Santa Cruz Road and Escolta Street to the west, Carlos Palanca Street to the south, and Carriedo Street to the east. Although the plaza is not considered the center of Santa Cruz, as it is located behind the Santa Cruz Church rather than in front of it, the plaza is considered to be one of the most important squares in Manila.

Originally named after Martin de Goiti, who founded the City of Manila in 1571, it was renamed by Mayor Lito Atienza in 2003 after Arsenio Lacson, who previously served as mayor of Manila from 1952 to 1962.
Princeton Club of New York
The Princeton Club of New York was a private clubhouse located at 15 West 43rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, New York, founded in 1866 as the Princeton Alumni Association of New York. It reorganized to its current name in 1886. Its membership was composed of alumni and faculty of Princeton University, as well as 15 other affiliated schools.

In 2021, the club defaulted on its $40 million mortgage debt and the property was foreclosed. The building was sold in December 2023 for $8 million by a shell company later revealed to be owned by John Paulson.

Columbia University Club of New York
The Columbia University Club of New York is a private university alumni club that extends membership to all graduates and their families of all the schools and affiliates of Columbia University, as well as Columbia undergraduate students, graduate students, faculty and administrators. In 2005, the Club had more than 2,000 Columbia members representing all the schools and affiliates of Columbia University.

Members benefit from numerous business and professional opportunities, lectures and social events, and use of the Penn Club of New York's clubhouse at 30 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan where it is in residence. The Penn Club facilities contain a lounge, business center, library, bar, formal and casual dining rooms, conference and meeting rooms, event rooms, overnight guestrooms, a complete athletic facility, and reciprocal use of various clubs throughout the world.
Knickerbocker Athletic Club football team
The Knickerbocker Athletic Club was an early amateur and later professional football team based in Manhattan, New York City from around 1897 until 1902. The clubhouse stood at the corner of Madison Avenue and E 45th Street in midtown Manhattan, near Grand Central Station. The team is best known for participating in the 1902 World Series of Football. During the event, the Knickerbockers defeated the Warlow Athletic Club from Long Island by a score of 11–6. However, the Knickerbockers were defeated by the Syracuse Athletic Club, 36–0, on New Year's Eve. During the 1903 World Series of Football, the Olympic Athletic Club defeated Knickerbockers 6–0, on December 14, 1903.

New York Olympic Athletic Club football team
The New York Olympic Athletic Club football team was an early semi-professional football team based in New York City. The team was founded by club owner, Roderick McMahon and is best remembered for playing in the 1903 World Series of Football. During the series, the Olympic A.C. defeated the Knickerbocker Athletic Club by a hard-fought score of 6-0 at Madison Square Garden.
Bianchi International
Bianchi International of Temecula, California is a worldwide producer of leather and nylon goods for the law enforcement industry.  Since the 1960s they have produced items from gun holsters to duty belts and everything related in between.

Armor Holdings bought Bianchi International in 2004; BAE Systems bought Armor in 2007.

John Bianchi, the founder of Bianchi International, was working together with his colleague, Neale Perkins, who later established his own company, Safariland. Bianchi's right-hand man was Richard Nichols, a talented designer who was instrumental in the design and development of most of the company's products for over twenty years. Both companies have since become major suppliers of law enforcement equipment.

Warren Kanders and the management team of Safariland acquired Safariland from BAE Systems for approximately $124 million in July 2012.

Safariland
Safariland, LLC is a United States–based manufacturer of personal, and other equipment focused on the law enforcement, public safety, military, and recreational markets. It was formerly a division of the United Kingdom–based defense and aerospace company BAE Systems PLC. Safariland has said that their body armor has protected at least 2,040 police officers who were shot in the line of duty.
SAPARi
SAPARi (さぱり) was an online 3-D virtual world service developed in Java and run by Sony. Users could speak to one another and join chat lobbies by using a dedicated server browser called the Community Place Browser. Upon selecting a server, users would appear in a 3-D virtual world as an avatar in the form of a human or an animal. The service's name is a shortening of the name Sampo Park Relaxation. From 1997 to 2001, the service came pre-installed on Sony's VAIO series of computers. The official SAPARi service was discontinued on January 31, 2003.

VRML
VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language, pronounced vermal or by its initials, originally—before 1995—known as the Virtual Reality Markup Language) is a standard file format for representing 3-dimensional (3D) interactive vector graphics, designed particularly with the World Wide Web in mind. It has been superseded by X3D.
Satu Mare
Satu Mare (pronounced [ˈsatu ˈmare] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szatmárnémeti [sɒtmaːrneːmɛti]; German: Sathmar; Yiddish: סאטמאר Satmar or סאַטמער Satmer) is a city in Romania with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the region of Maramureș, broadly part of Transylvania. Mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum as castrum Zotmar ("Zotmar's fort"), the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages. Today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial, and business centre in the Nord-Vest development region.

Satu Mare Synagogue
The Satu Mare Synagogue (Romanian: Templul Mare din Satu Mare), also known as the Decebal Street Synagogue, is a Neolog Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 4 Decebal Street, in Satu Mare, Transylvania, Romania.

The synagogue is included on the National Register of Historic Monuments in Romania.

Designed in the Moorish Revival style, the synagogue was completed in 1870.  It has a tripartite façade, with the prayer house and the temple beside the facade. In 2004, a Holocaust memorial was dedicated in the synagogue's courtyard.
Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne
The International Modern Pentathlon Union   (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne), commonly known by the acronym UIPM, has been the international governing body of modern pentathlon since its foundation in London in 1948.

Its headquarters are in Monaco and it has 131 members as of 2026.  Modern pentathlon was introduced at the fifth Olympiad in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1912, comprising the contemporary sports of pistol shooting, fencing, swimming, horse riding and running, which embraced the spirit of its ancient counterpart.

World Modern Pentathlon Championships
The UIPM World Modern Pentathlon Championships (for Seniors) is an annual global international competition in modern pentathlon. It was first held in 1949 under the organization of the International Modern Pentathlon Union (UIPM).
Danville, Arkansas
Danville is a city in Yell County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 2,028 at the 2020 census.  Along with Dardanelle, it is one of two county seats for Yell County.

Danville is part of the Russellville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Russellville micropolitan area, Arkansas
The Russellville Micropolitan  Statistical Area (μSA), as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas, anchored by the city of Russellville.

As of the 2010 census, the μSA had a population of 83,939.
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Moscow)
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Russian: Могила Неизвестного Солдата, IPA: [mɐˈɡʲilə nʲɪɪˈzvʲɛsnəvə sɐlˈdatə]) is a war memorial in the Alexander Garden in Moscow near the Kremlin dedicated to the Soviet soldiers killed during World War II. It was designed by architects D. I. Burdin, V. A. Klimov, Yu. R. Rabayev and sculptor Nikolai Tomsky.

Alexander Garden
Alexander Gardens (Russian: Александровский сад) was one of the first urban public parks in Moscow, Russia. The park comprises three separate gardens, which stretch along all the length of the western Kremlin wall for 865 metres (2,838 ft) between the building of the Moscow Manege and the Kremlin.
Thermutis
Thermutis is a small genus of cyanolichens in the family Porocyphaceae. It was formerly treated in Lichinaceae, but a 2024 multilocus re-classification of the class Lichinomycetes emended Porocyphaceae and included Thermutis there. Species are minute, dark lichens with ecorticate, often gelatinous to squamulose thalli that occur on rock or soil in open, periodically wet microhabitats. Their sexual structures commonly develop as pycnoascocarps; the asci are prototunicate and the ascospores simple and colourless.

The genus comprises two species: Thermutis compacta and Thermutis velutina.

Porocyphaceae
The Porocyphaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lichinales. Members of this family are typically small, dark-coloured lichens that form partnerships with cyanobacteria and grow on rocks, soil, or occasionally tree bark in well-lit areas that experience periodic wetting. The family was originally established in 1855 but was largely ignored until a 2024 study greatly expanded its scope to include genera previously placed in several other families. Porocyphaceae species are found worldwide, though they are uncommon in densely shaded forests.
2015 Meistriliiga
The 2015 Meistriliiga, also known as A. Le Coq Premium Liiga for sponsorship reasons, was the 25th season of the Meistriliiga, the first level in the Estonian football system. The season started on 6 March 2015 and the final matchday took place on 7 November. Levadia, the defending champions, finished runner-up behind Flora, who won their tenth title.

2014 Meistriliiga
The 2014 Meistriliiga, also known as A. Le Coq Premium Liiga due to sponsorship reasons, was the 24th season of the Meistriliiga, the first level in the Estonian football system. The season ran from 1 March 2014 to 8 November 2014. Levadia successfully defended the title, securing the championship in the last round.
Chanda Sahib
Chanda Sahib (died 12 June 1752) was a subject of the  Carnatic Sultanate between 1749 and 1752. He was the son-in-law of the Nawab of Carnatic Dost Ali Khan, under whom he was a Dewan. An ally of the French, he was initially supported by Joseph François Dupleix during the Carnatic Wars. He annexed the Madurai Nayaks and was declared Nawab, bringing Tanjore and Tinnevelly into the dominions of the Mughal Empire.

He was weakened by constant Marathi attacks and was defeated by British ally Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah. After his forces were defeated by Robert Clive and the Maratha Empire, he attempted to recoup his losses but was beheaded during a mutiny of the Tanjore army.

Nasir Jung
Mir Ahmad Ali Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi, Nasir Jung, was the second Nizam of Hyderabad State. He was the son of Asaf Jah I and his wife Saeed-un-nisa Begum. He was born 26 February 1712. He had taken up a title of Humayun Jah, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Ahmad Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, Nasir Jung, Nawab Subadar of the Deccan. However, he is most famously known as Nasir Jung.

The Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah bestowed him with the title Nasir Jung and later the next Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur appointed him as the Subedar of the Deccan and bestowed him with the title Nasir-ud-Daula.
Avalon Books
Avalon Books (originally Bouregy & Curl) was a small New York-based book publishing imprint owned by Thomas Bouregy & Company.

Established in 1950 by Thomas Bouregy, it would be run by his daughter, Ellen Bouregy Mickelsen, from 1995 to 2012 when it was sold to Amazon. Avalon was an important science fiction imprint in the 1950s and 60s; later its specialty was mystery and romance books.

On June 4, 2012 it was announced that Amazon had purchased the imprint and its back-list of about 3,000 titles. Amazon said it would publish the books through the various imprints of Amazon Publishing.

Amazon Publishing
Amazon Publishing (or simply APub) is Amazon's book publishing unit launched in 2009. It is composed of 15 imprints including AmazonEncore, AmazonCrossing, Montlake Romance, Thomas & Mercer, 47North, and Topple Books.

Amazon publishes e-books via its Kindle Direct Publishing subsidiary.
Russian monitor Bronenosets
Bronenosets (Russian: Броненосец) was a Uragan-class monitor built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the mid-1860s. The design was based on the American Passaic-class monitor, but was modified to suit Russian engines, guns and construction techniques. The ship was only active when the Gulf of Finland was not frozen, but very little is known about her service. She was stricken in 1900 from the Navy List, converted into a coal barge in 1903 and renamed Barzha No. 324. The ship was lost in a storm sometime during World War I.

Uragan-class monitor
The Uragan class (also known as the Bronenosetz class, Russian: броненосец, "armor carrier" or "warship") was a class of monitors built for the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy. The ships were built to the plans of the American Passaic-class monitors, a design that was tested on a smaller scale on USS Monitor. A total of 10 ships were constructed at five different shipyards in Saint Petersburg, all entering service in 1865. The ships were among the first ironclad warships in the Russian Navy.
Tert-Butyl hypochlorite
tert-Butyl hypochlorite is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)3COCl. A yellow liquid, it is a rare example of an organic hypochlorite, i.e. a compound with an O-Cl bond. It is a reactive material that is useful for chlorinations.  It can be viewed as a lipophilic version of sodium hypochlorite (bleach).

Tert-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol is the simplest tertiary alcohol, with a formula of (CH3)3COH (sometimes represented as t-BuOH). Its isomers are 1-butanol, isobutanol, and 2-butanol. tert-Butyl alcohol is a colorless solid, which melts near room temperature and has a camphor-like odor. It is miscible with water, ethanol and diethyl ether.
Ptahmose I (High Priest of Ptah)
Ptahmose was High Priest of Ptah in Memphis during the time of Thutmose III of the 18th Dynasty.

He held the titles of hereditary prince, count, seal-bearer of the king of Lower Egypt, sm-priest and High Priest of Ptah. A naos with statue of Ptahmose is located in Cairo Museum (CG 70038).

High Priest of Ptah
The High Priest of Ptah was sometimes referred to as "the Greatest of the Directors of Craftsmanship" (wr-ḫrp-ḥmwt). This title refers to Ptah as the patron god of the craftsmen.

The office of the high priest of Ptah was located in Memphis in Lower Egypt. The temple of Ptah in Memphis was dedicated to Ptah, his consort Sekhmet and their son Nefertem.
Hydrovinylation
In organic chemistry, hydrovinylation is the formal insertion of an alkene into the C-H bond of ethylene (H2C=CH2):

CH2=CHR  +  CH2=CH2   →   CH3−CHR−CH=CH2

The more general reaction, hydroalkenylation, is the formal insertion of an alkene into the C-H bond of any terminal alkene. The reaction is catalyzed by metal complexes.  A representative reaction is the conversion of styrene and ethylene to 3-phenybutene:

Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 225 million tonnes in 2022) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polyethylene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.
Carex amphibola
Carex amphibola, known as gray sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae. It was first formally named in 1855. Carex amphibola is native to the eastern United States and Canada.

Carex amphibola is commonly confused with Carex grisea, which has somewhat greener perigynia with more rounded tips, versus the gray-green coloring and angular tips of C. amphibola perigynia. The perigynia of C. amphibola are somewhat more clustered and spreading at maturity, while those of C. grisea are strongly ascending.

Carex amphibola grows in mesic deciduous forests, often in loamy areas near streams.

Carex grisea
Carex grisea, the wood gray sedge or inflated narrow-leaf sedge, is a widespread species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae, native to eastern Canada and the central and eastern United States. It resembles and co‑occurs with Carex amphibola in alluvial areas in forests, but where they co‑occur, Carex grisea is usually found in sandier, more alkaline soils.
Crave Records
Crave Records was a record label founded by Mariah Carey in February 1997, as an imprint of Sony Music Entertainment. It was shut down in July of the following year. The name "Crave" originates from "Demented", a song Carey wrote for the 1995 alternative rock album Someone's Ugly Daughter. This was kept a secret until it was revealed in her 2020 memoir The Meaning of Mariah Carey.

Acts signed to the label included DJ Company, female R&B quartet Allure, who released a self-titled album in 1997 featuring the hit singles "Head Over Heels", "All Cried Out", and "Last Chance", as well as male R&B quartet 7 Mile, who released a self-titled album in 1998.

Someone's Ugly Daughter
Someone's Ugly Daughter is the only studio album by American alternative rock band Chick. It was released on September 5, 1995, through Epic Records and 550 Music.

On September 27, 2020, Mariah Carey revealed in her memoir The Meaning of Mariah Carey that she secretly recorded and co-produced the album with her friend Clarissa Dane under the moniker "Chick". On the official release Dane is the lead vocalist, and Carey sings background vocals. The album was recorded at the time Carey was recording her fifth studio album Daydream (1995).
Lori Province
Lori (Armenian: Լոռի, Armenian pronunciation: [lɔˈri] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north of the country, bordering Georgia. Vanadzor is the capital and largest city of the province. Other important towns include Stepanavan, Alaverdi, and Spitak. It is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries and the well-preserved Akhtala monastery.

The province was heavily damaged during the 1988 Armenian earthquake.

The province is served by the Stepanavan Airport.

Lori FC
Lori FC (Armenian: Լոռի Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ) was an Armenian football club based in Vanadzor, Lori Province. Originally founded in 1936, Lori has participated in the domestic football competition of Soviet Armenia. After retiring from professional football in 2002, the club was revived in 2017 winning the 2017–18 Armenian First League competition.