hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Noma Copley
Noma Copley (born Norma Rathner, July 31, 1916 – February 22, 2006) was an American fine arts jeweler and art collector noted for her contributions to Surrealist practices and activities. From 1953 through 1968, she was married to William Copley and, with him, helped to acquire one of the largest collections of Surrealist paintings and sculpture in America. In 1954, they established the William and Noma Copley Foundation (subsequently renamed the Cassandra Foundation), a non-profit organization dedicated to fostering the creative arts. According to a 1975 article in New York Magazine, she "emerged from the Paris world of surrealist painters five years ago to become one of New York's most original jewelry designers."

William Copley (artist)
William N. Copley (January 24, 1919 – May 7, 1996) also known as CPLY, was an American painter, writer, gallerist, collector, patron, publisher and art entrepreneur. His works as an artist have been classified as late Surrealist and precursory to Pop art.
Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands microplate
The Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands microplate (PRVI), also known as the Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands block, is a tectonic microplate formed at the boundary zone between the Caribbean plate and the obliquely subducting North American plate.

North American plate
The North American plate is a tectonic plate containing most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. With an area of 76 million km2 (29 million sq mi), it is the Earth's second largest tectonic plate, behind the Pacific plate (which borders the plate to the west).

It extends eastward to the seismically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Azores triple junction plate boundary where it meets the Eurasian plate and Nubian plate.
and westward to the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive granitic core called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, which are accreted to the craton by tectonic actions over a long span of time. Much of North America west of the Rocky Mountains is composed of such terranes.
John Mauchly
John William Mauchly (/ˈmɔːkli/ MAWK-lee; August 30, 1907 – January 8, 1980) was an American physicist who, along with J. Presper Eckert, designed ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, as well as EDVAC, BINAC and UNIVAC I, the first commercial computer made in the United States.

Together, Mauchly and Eckert started the first computer company, the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC), which allowed them to further the development of fundamental computer concepts originally conceived by members of the 1945-46 ENIAC programming team, notably Jean Bartik and Kay McNulty, including subroutines, nesting, and the first low-level assembler. They also popularized the concept of the stored program, which was formalized in John von Neumann's widely-read First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (1945) and disseminated through the Moore School Lectures (1946). These publications influenced an explosion of computer development around the world in the late 1940s.

Honeywell, Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp.
Honeywell, Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp., et al., 180 U.S.P.Q. 673 (D. Minn. 1973) (Case 4-67 Civil 138, 180 USPO 670), was a landmark U.S. federal court case that in October 1973 invalidated the 1964 patent for the ENIAC, the world's first general-purpose electronic digital computer. The decision held, in part, the following: 1. that the ENIAC inventors had derived the subject matter of the electronic digital computer from the Atanasoff–Berry computer (ABC), prototyped in 1939 by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry, 2.  that Atanasoff should have legal recognition as the inventor of the first electronic digital computer and 3.  that the invention of the electronic digital computer ought to be placed in the public domain.
Dīgha Nikāya
The Dīgha Nikāya ("Collection of Long Discourses") is a Buddhist scriptures collection, the first of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pāli Tipiṭaka of Theravāda Buddhism.  Some of the most commonly referenced suttas from the Dīgha Nikāya include the Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (DN 16), which describes the final days and passing of the Buddha, the Sigālovāda Sutta (DN 31) in which the Buddha discusses ethics and practices for lay followers, and the Samaññaphala Sutta (DN 2) and Brahmajāla Sutta (DN 1) which describe and compare the point of view of the Buddha and other ascetics in India about the universe and time (past, present, and future); and the Poṭṭhapāda (DN 9) Sutta, which describes the benefits and practice of Samatha meditation.

Sutta Piṭaka
The Sutta Piṭaka (also referred to as Sūtra Piṭaka or Suttanta Piṭaka; English: Basket of Discourse) is the second of the three divisions of the Pali Tripitaka, the definitive canonical collection of scripture of Theravada Buddhism. The other two parts of the Tripiṭaka are the Vinaya Piṭaka (Basket of Discipline) and the Abhidhamma Piṭaka (Basket of Higher Doctrine). The Sutta Pitaka contains more than 10,000 suttas (teachings) attributed to the Buddha or his close companions.
Plocaederus
Plocaederus is a genus of Long-Horned Beetles in the beetle family Cerambycidae. This genus has a single species, Plocaederus bellator. It is known from the South American countries Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Paraguay, and Suriname.

Research in 2021 resulted in the placement of about 17 species of this genus, all but Plocaederus bellator, into the genus Hamaederus. The Hamaederus species  bipartitus, dozieri, fasciatus, fragosoi, fraterculus, glaberrimus, glabricollis, inconstans, mirim, pactor, pisinnus, plicatus, rugosus, rusticus, and yucatecus are sometimes still treated as members of the genus Plocaederus.

Hamaederus inconstans
Hamaederus inconstans is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

This species is sometimes treated as a member of the genus Plocaederus.
Talking Dead
Talking Dead is a live television aftershow in which host Chris Hardwick discusses episodes of the AMC television series The Walking Dead, Fear the Walking Dead and The Walking Dead: World Beyond with guests, including celebrity fans, cast members, and crew from the series.

Preacher (TV series)
Preacher is an American supernatural adventure television series developed by Sam Catlin, Evan Goldberg, and Seth Rogen for AMC starring Dominic Cooper, Joseph Gilgun and Ruth Negga. The series is based on the comic book series Preacher created by Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon and published by DC Comics' Vertigo imprint. The series premiered on May 22, 2016 and ran for four seasons, concluding on September 29, 2019.
Quaestura exercitus
The quaestura exercitus was an administrative district of the Eastern Roman Empire with a seat in Odessus (present-day Varna) established by Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) on May 18, 536.

Territorially, the quaestura exercitus contained the Roman provinces of Moesia Inferior and Scythia Minor, located in the lower Danube region, as well as the provinces of Cyprus, Caria, and the Aegean Islands. All of these provinces were detached from the praetorian prefecture of the East and placed under the authority of a new army official known as the quaestor exercitus ('quaestor of the army'). The authority of the quaestor was the equivalent to that of a magister militum.

Islands (Roman province)
The Province of the Islands (Latin: Provincia Insularum; Greek: ἐπαρχία νήσων, romanized: eparchia nēsōn) was a Late Roman province consisting of most of the islands in the Aegean, now part of Greece. It was succeeded by later Byzantine theme of Aegean Sea. It should not be confused with the Roman province of Hispania Balearica, which consists of the (now Spanish) Balearic Islands.
Rise in core
The rise in core (RIC) method is an alternate reservoir wettability characterization method described by S. Ghedan and C. H. Canbaz in 2014. The method enables estimation of all wetting regions such as strongly water wet, intermediate water, oil wet and strongly oil wet regions in relatively quick and accurate measurements in terms of Contact angle rather than wettability index.

During the RIC experiments, core samples saturated with selected reservoir fluid were subjected to imbibition from a second reservoir fluid. RIC wettability measurements are compared with and modified – Amott test and USBM measurements using core plug pairs from different heights of a thick carbonate reservoir. Results show good coherence. The RIC method is an alternate method to Amott and USBM methods and that efficiently characterizes Reservoir Wettability.

Amott test
The Amott test is one of the most widely used empirical wettability measurements for reservoir cores in petroleum engineering. The method combines two spontaneous imbibition measurements and two forced displacement measurements. This test defines two different indices: the Amott water index () and the Amott oil index ().
...Lu
...Lu was the second king of the Awan dynasty and is said on the Sumerian King List (SKL) to have been the second Elamite king to exercise the kingship of Awan over all of Sumer. He probably reigned sometime in the first Paleo-Elamite period (c. 2400 – c. 2015 BC). Additionally; he could have possibly been the same second king (Tata) from Awan said on the Susanian Dynastic List to exercise the kingship over all of Elam. According to the SKL: he was preceded by an unnamed king (possibly Peli named only on the Susanian Dynastic List) and succeeded by Kur-Ishshak (named only on the SKL). However, the Susanian Dynastic List states that the second king, Ta-a-ar, was succeeded by Ukku-Tanhish.

Ukku-Tanhish
Ukku-Tanhish (also written as: Uk-ku ta-ḥi-eš, Ukkutahieš, Ukku-tahiš, Ukku-Takhesh, and/or Ukkutahesh) was the third king of the Awan dynasty and may have been the third to exercise the kingship of Awan over all of Elam. He probably reigned sometime in the first Paleo-Elamite period (c. 2400 – c. 2015 BC). Additionally; he could have possibly been the same third king from Awan said on the Sumerian King List (SKL) to exercise the kingship over all of Sumer. According to the SKL: he was preceded by ...Lu and succeeded by Susuda of Kish. However, the Susanian Dynastic List states that he was succeeded by Hishutash.
Det Ny Teater
Det Ny Teater (English: The New Theatre) is an established theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, first opened in 1908. It is based in a building which spans a passage between Vesterbrogade and Gammel Kongevej in Copenhagen's theatre district on the border between Vesterbro and Frederiksberg.

With more than 12,000 m2 it is one of Denmark's largest theaters. It has two stages, the main auditorium which seats more than 1,000 and Sceneriet, a smaller theatre established in the cellar in 1994.

Vesterbro, Copenhagen
Vesterbro is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and city tax districts (bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers an area of 3.76 km2 (1.45 sq mi), and has a population of 51,466 and a population density of 13,688 per km2.

Neighboring city districts are:

to the northeast, the Indre By, also known as "Copenhagen Center", "Downtown Copenhagen" or "City".

to the north, Frederiksberg municipality, which is not a part of Copenhagen municipality but rather an enclave surrounded by the municipality.

to the west, Valby.

to the south, Kongens Enghave.
Sunda pied fantail
The Sunda pied fantail (Rhipidura javanica), also known as the Malaysian pied fantail, is a species of bird in the fantail family. It is locally referred to as murai gila, literally "crazy thrush" in the Malay language.  It was previously considered conspecific with the Philippine pied fantail.

Fantail
Fantails are small insectivorous songbirds of the genus Rhipidura in the family Rhipiduridae, native to Australasia, Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Most of the species are about 15 to 18 cm (5.9 to 7.1 in) long, specialist aerial feeders, and named as "fantails", but the Australian willie wagtail is a little larger, and, though still an expert hunter of insects on the wing, concentrates equally on terrestrial prey.

The true wagtails are part of the genus Motacilla in the family Motacillidae and are not close relatives of the fantails.
Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 6
The Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 6 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Flip6) is an Android-based foldable smartphone developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics. Officially announced on July 10, 2024, at the Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event in Paris, France, alongside the Galaxy Z Fold 6, the Galaxy Watch 7, the Galaxy Buds 3 series, and the Galaxy Ring. It is the successor to the Galaxy Z Flip 5 and became available on July 31, 2024.

On July 9, 2025, The Galaxy Z Flip 6 was succeeded by the Galaxy Z Flip 7 and had its FE-based model.

Samsung Galaxy Watch 7
The Samsung Galaxy Watch 7 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Watch7) and Samsung Galaxy Watch Ultra 2024 are a series of Wear OS-based smartwatches developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics. They were announced on July 10, 2024, at Samsung's biannual Galaxy Unpacked event, in Paris, France, alongside the Galaxy Z Fold 6, the Galaxy Z Flip 6, the Galaxy Buds 3 series and the Galaxy Ring. They were launched on July 24, 2024.

The Galaxy Watch 7 was succeeded by the Galaxy Watch 8 series on July 9, 2025.
Eric Arnlind
Eric Alfons Arnlind (14 March 1922 – 22 December 1998) was a Swedish chess player. He was a Swedish Chess Championship medalist in 1961 and received the chess title of International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster in 1968.

International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster
International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster is a correspondence chess title created by FIDE in 1953, second only to that of world correspondence champion. Currently, this title is awarded by the International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF).
Cross-beat
In music, a cross-beat or cross-rhythm is a specific form of polyrhythm. The term cross rhythm  was introduced in 1934 by the musicologist Arthur Morris Jones (1889–1980). It refers to a situation where
the rhythmic conflict found in polyrhythms is the basis of an entire musical piece.

Tresillo (rhythm)
Tresillo (/trɛˈsiːjoʊ/ tres-EE-yoh; Spanish pronunciation: [tɾeˈsiʎo]) is a rhythmic pattern (shown below) used in Latin American music. It is a more basic form of the rhythmic figure known as the habanera.

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Tresillo is the most fundamental duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Cuban and other Latin American music. It was introduced in the New World through the Atlantic slave trade during the Colonial period. The pattern is also the most fundamental and most prevalent duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Sub-Saharan African music traditions.

The cinquillo pattern is another common embellishment of tresillo. Cinquillo is used frequently in the Cuban contradanza (the "habanera") and the danzón.
Clarendon Parish, Jamaica
Clarendon (Jamaican Patois: Clarindan) is a parish in Jamaica. It is located on the south of the island, roughly halfway between the island's eastern and western ends. Located in the county of Middlesex, it is bordered by Manchester on the west, Saint Catherine in the east, and in the north by Saint Ann. Its capital and largest town is May Pen.

Manchester Parish
The Parish of Manchester (Jamaican Patois: Manchesta) is a parish located in west-central Jamaica, in the county of Middlesex. Its capital, Mandeville, is a major business centre. Its St. Paul of the Cross Pro-Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Latin Catholic Diocese of Mandeville.
Synetinae
The Synetinae are a small subfamily within the leaf beetle family (Chrysomelidae). They are found entirely within the Holarctic, mainly in North America but also appearing in parts of Europe and Asia. The subfamily contains only two genera, Syneta and Thricolema, with a total of 12 described species. The group is sometimes treated as a tribe of Eumolpinae, where they are known as Synetini.

Syneta
Syneta is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Synetinae. There are about 11 described species in Syneta. The genus is entirely holarctic in distribution, with species appearing in North America, Siberia, East Asia and Northern Europe.
Striped crake
The striped crake (Aenigmatolimnas marginalis) is a species of bird in the family Rallidae. It is the only species in the genus Aenigmatolimnas, having formerly been included in Porzana or in the defunct genus Poliolimnas. Its precise relationships, however, are still enigmatic.

Rail (bird)
Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes such ubiquitous species as the crakes, coots, and gallinule; other rail species are extremely rare or endangered. Many are associated with wetland habitats, some being semi-aquatic like waterfowl (such as the coot), but many more are wading birds or shorebirds. The ideal rail habitats are marsh areas, including rice paddies, and flooded fields or open forest. They are especially fond of dense vegetation for nesting. The rail family is found in every terrestrial habitat with the exception of dry desert, polar or freezing regions, and alpine areas (above the snow line). Members of Rallidae occur on every continent except Antarctica. Numerous unique island species are known.
65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade
65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade (Persian: تیپ ۶۵ نیروهای ویژه هوابرد), or the NOHED Brigade (تیپ نوهد), is an airborne, special forces unit of the Iranian Army established in 1959.

The unit's first operation was during the Dhofar Rebellion in Oman. After the 1979 Revolution in Iran, it was a participant in the post-Revolution clashes. As part of the 23rd Commando Division, the unit was extensively used in various operations of the Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s. The Brigade has been used in the Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency. During the Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war, some of its members were actively deployed in the Syrian Civil War. The brigade has also been employed for hostage rescue and counter-terrorism purposes inside Iran.

Special forces of Iran
This is a list of special forces units in Iranian Armed Forces and Police.

The name can refer to members of regular units who have successfully completed commando or ranger training courses and marines trained as frogman, or the hand-selected and highly trained members serving in special forces.
Group Film Productions
Group Film Productions was a British film production company that made movies through the Rank Organisation. It was wholly owned by Rank, and followed a similar company, British Film-Makers, which had made fourteen titles. It would be followed in turn by Rank Organisation Film Productions, which made 96 films between 1953 and 1967.

British Film-Makers
British Film-Makers (BFM) was a short lived production scheme that operated in Britain in the early 1950s as a co operative venture between the Rank Organisation and the National Film Finance Corporation (NFFC). Its notable films included The Card (1952) and The Malta Story (1953).
Hasan Pasha of Temeşvar
Hasan Pasha (fl. 1593–1594) was the Beylerbey of the Temeşvar Eyalet.  During the Uprising in Banat (1594), he received aid from the Grand Vizier Koca Sinan Pasha and the Pasha of Budin, thus appeared with an army numbering 20,000 soldiers and attacked Becskerek (Zrenjanin), in the hands of 4,300 rebels, ending in a decisive Ottoman victory. Subsequently, Sinan Pasha took an army of 30,000 soldiers which suppressed the badly armed Serbs.

Temeşvar Eyalet
The Eyalet of Temeşvar (Ottoman Turkish: ;ایالت طمشوار Eyālet-i Tımışvār) was a first-level administrative unit (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire. It existed from 1552 to 1716. Provincial administration was centered in Temeşvar (today's Timișoara) from 1552 to 1659, and again from 1693 to 1716. During the 1659–1693 interval, its second capital was Yanova (today's Ineu), and within that period, it was also known as the Eyalet of Yanova. The province was located in the Banat region of Central Europe. Besides Banat, it also included southern parts of the Crișana region, north of the river Mureș. Its territory is now divided between Hungary, Romania, and Serbia.
Flavors (programming language)
Flavors is an early object-oriented extension to Lisp developed by Howard Cannon at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory for the Lisp machine and its programming language Lisp Machine Lisp. It is notable as the first programming language to include mixins. Symbolics used it for its Lisp machines, and eventually developed it into New Flavors; both the original and new Flavors were message-passing OO models. It was hugely influential in the development of the Common Lisp Object System (CLOS).

Implementations of Flavors are also available for Common Lisp.

New Flavors replaced message sending with calling generic functions.

Flavors offers :before and :after daemons with the default method combination (called :daemon).

Lisp Machine Lisp
Lisp Machine Lisp is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. A direct descendant of Maclisp, it was initially developed in the mid to late 1970s as the system programming language for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Lisp machines. Lisp Machine Lisp was also the Lisp dialect with the most influence on the design of Common Lisp.

Lisp Machine Lisp branched into three dialects. Symbolics named their variant ZetaLisp. Lisp Machines, Inc. and later Texas Instruments (with the TI Explorer) would share a common code base, but their dialect of Lisp Machine Lisp would differ from the version maintained at the MIT AI Lab by Richard Stallman and others.
Nondisjunction
Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Fertilization

Zygote

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). There are three forms of nondisjunction: failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I, failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II, and failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis. Nondisjunction results in daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy).

Calvin Bridges and Thomas Hunt Morgan are credited with discovering nondisjunction in Drosophila melanogaster sex chromosomes in the spring of 1910, while working in the Zoological Laboratory of Columbia University. Proof of the chromosome theory of heredity emerged from these early studies of chromosome non-disjunction.

Chromosome segregation
Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes. However, in contrast to eukaryotic chromosome segregation, replication and segregation are not temporally separated. Instead segregation occurs progressively following replication.