hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Birdcage Walk
51°30′03″N 0°08′06″W﻿ / ﻿51.50083°N 0.13500°W﻿ / 51.50083; -0.13500

Birdcage Walk is a street in the City of Westminster in London. It runs east–west as a continuation of Great George Street, from the crossroads with Horse Guards Road and Storey's Gate, with the Treasury building and the Institution of Mechanical Engineers on the northeast corner, to a junction with Buckingham Gate, at the southeast corner of Buckingham Palace. St. James's Park lies to the north, whilst to the south are the backs of buildings on Old Queen Street, Queen Anne's Gate and Petty France, and, at the western end, the Wellington Barracks of the Brigade of Guards.

Queen Anne's Gate
Queen Anne’s Gate is a street in Westminster, London. Many of the buildings are Grade I listed, known for their Queen Anne architecture. Simon Bradley and Nikolaus Pevsner described the Gate’s early 18th century houses as “the best of their kind in London.” The street’s proximity to the Palace of Westminster made it a popular residential area for politicians; Lord Palmerston was born at No. 20 while Sir Edward Grey and Lord Haldane, senior members of H. H. Asquith’s Cabinet, were near neighbours at Nos. 3 and 28 respectively. Other prominent residents included the philosopher John Stuart Mill at No. 40, Mansfield Smith-Cumming, the founder of MI6 at No. 21, and Admiral “Jacky” Fisher at No. 16.
Jackson County, Michigan
Jackson County is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population of the county was 160,366 as of the 2020 census. Its seat of government is the city of Jackson. The county was set off in 1829 and organized in 1832. It is named for U.S. President Andrew Jackson and considered to be one of Michigan's "Cabinet counties", named for members of Jackson's Cabinet. Jackson County comprises the Jackson, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Jackson County Courthouse was designed by Claire Allen, a prominent southern Michigan architect. Jackson County is also home to the Michigan Whitetail Hall of Fame.

Cabinet counties
The Cabinet counties are ten counties in the southern part of the U.S. state of Michigan named after President Andrew Jackson and people who served in his Cabinet. The Michigan Territorial legislature created 12 counties on October 29, 1829, naming eight of them after members of the recently elected Jackson's cabinet. Cass County was also created in 1829 and named for Lewis Cass, the Territorial Governor at the time. Cass later served in Jackson's Cabinet, making a case for it to be included as a Cabinet county. Livingston County was created in 1833 and named for Edward Livingston, Jackson's Secretary of State at the time.

The generally accepted reason for the naming of these counties after Jackson Administration members is that the Michigan Territory was trying to gain the support of these officials in its border dispute with Ohio over the Toledo Strip.

In one of his last acts in office, Jackson signed the 1837 bill making Michigan the 26th state.
United States Secretary of the Army
The secretary of the Army (SA or SECARMY) is a senior civilian official within the United States Department of Defense, with statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the United States Army: manpower, personnel, reserve affairs, installations, environmental issues, weapons systems and equipment acquisition, communications and financial management.

The secretary of the Army is nominated by the president of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate. The secretary is a non-Cabinet-level official, subordinate to the secretary of defense. This position was created on September 18, 1947, replacing the secretary of war, when the Department of War was split into the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force.

On February 25, 2025, Daniel P. Driscoll was confirmed as the secretary of the Army, and was sworn in to office later that day.

Daniel P. Driscoll
Daniel Patrick Driscoll is an American politician, businessman, lawyer, and former military officer who has served as the 26th United States secretary of the Army as well as the acting director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives since 2025. A member of the Republican Party, he was a candidate for North Carolina's 11th congressional district in 2020.
Dodge City (film)
Dodge City is a 1939 American Western film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, and Ann Sheridan. Based on a story by Robert Buckner, the film is about a Texas cattle agent who witnesses the brutal lawlessness of Dodge City, Kansas and takes the job of sheriff to clean the town up. Filmed in the full, three-strip Technicolor process, Dodge City was one of the highest-grossing films of the year. This was the 5th of 8 movies that de Havilland and Flynn appeared in together.

Various scenes were shot in Thousand Oaks, including at present day Wildwood Regional Park.

Dodge City, Kansas
Dodge City is a city in and the county seat of Ford County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 27,788.  It was named after nearby Fort Dodge, which was named in honor of Grenville Dodge.  The city is known in American culture for its history as a wild frontier town of the Old West.
Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
The Royal Grammar School (RGS), Newcastle upon Tyne, is a coeducational private day school for pupils aged between 7 and 18 years. Founded in 1525 by Thomas Horsley, the Mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne, it received royal foundation by Queen Elizabeth I and is the city's oldest institution of learning. It is one of seven schools in the United Kingdom to bear the name "Royal Grammar School", of which two others are part of the independent sector.

The school is located in Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, in North East England, and is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. In 2008, RGS became fully co-educational after nearly 500 years as an all boys' school. Former students are known as Old Novocastrians or Old Novos ("Novocastrian" is macaronic Latin for "citizen of Newcastle").

In 2012 and again in 2015, the Sunday Times Schools Guide named RGS the top performing school in the North of England based on academic results from A-levels and GCSEs.

John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon
John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon, PC, FRS, FSA (4 June 1751 – 13 January 1838) was a British barrister and politician. He served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain between 1801 and 1806 and again between 1807 and 1827.
Granze
Granze is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Venice and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,803 and an area of 11.4 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi).

Granze borders the following municipalities: Sant'Elena, Sant'Urbano, Solesino, Stanghella, Vescovana, Villa Estense.

Sant'Urbano
Sant'Urbano (Venetian: Sant’Urban) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,189 and an area of 31.8 square kilometres (12.3 sq mi).

The municipality of Sant'Urbano contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Carmignano, Ca' Morosini, and Balduina.

Sant'Urbano borders the following municipalities: Barbona, Granze, Lendinara, Lusia, Piacenza d'Adige, Vescovana, Vighizzolo d'Este, Villa Estense.
Little Bighorn River
The Little Bighorn River is a 138-mile-long (222 km) tributary of the Bighorn River in the United States in the states of Montana and Wyoming. The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as the Battle of the Greasy Grass, was fought on its banks on June 25–26, 1876, as well as the Battle of Crow Agency in 1887.

Wyola, Montana
Wyola (Crow: Alachúa Uhpáko) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Big Horn County, Montana, United States. The population was 215 at the 2010 census. 79% of the residents are Native American, and the majority are members of the Crow Tribe.

The town began as a Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad station stop. The Crows called this spot Ammoole, “Where they wait,” because of the train station. The post office opened in 1911.
Singapore at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships
Singapore will compete at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships in Singapore from 11 July to 3 August 2025. They were also the host country of the championships.

Singapore sent its largest contingent of athletes, 72, to the Championships.

2025 World Aquatics Championships
The 2025 World Aquatics Championships, the 22nd edition of the World Aquatics Championships, were held in Singapore from 11 July to 3 August 2025. It was the first city in Southeast Asia to host the World Championships.
Saint Petersburg Bede
The Saint Petersburg Bede (Saint Petersburg, National Library of Russia, lat. Q. v. I. 18), formerly known as the Leningrad Bede, is an Anglo-Saxon illuminated manuscript, a near-contemporary version of Bede's 8th century history, the Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People).  Although not heavily illuminated, it is famous for containing the earliest historiated initial (one containing a picture) in European illumination.  It is so named because it was taken to the Russian National Library of Saint Petersburg in Russia at the time of the French Revolution, by Peter P. Dubrovsky.

National Library of Russia
The National Library of Russia (NLR, Russian: Российская национальная библиотека, РНБ), located in Saint Petersburg, is the oldest of Russia's three national public libraries. The NLR is currently ranked among the world's major libraries. It has the second biggest library collection in the Russian Federation, a treasury of national heritage, and is the All-Russian Information, Research and Cultural Center. Over the course of its history, the library has aimed for comprehensive acquisition of the national printed output and has provided free access to its collections.

It was known as the Imperial Public Library from 1795 to 1917; Russian Public Library from 1917 to 1925; State Public Library from 1925 to 1992 (since 1932 named after M.Y. Saltykov-Shchedrin); and since 1992 as the National Library of Russia (NLR).
Cedar Lake (Manitoba)
Cedar Lake is a lake just north of Lake Winnipegosis in Manitoba, Canada. Cedar Lake's water level is controlled by the Grand Rapids Dam. The town of Grand Rapids and the First Nations town of Easterville are nearby.

The lake is known to have excellent examples of prehistoric amber fossil of cretaceous age. This type of amber is called as "Chemawinit", according to an Indian tribe which lives in this area. Another name of this amber is "Cedarit". This amber contains many organic inclusions. To date, these inclusions have not been thoroughly researched.

The lake's main source is the Saskatchewan River, which forms a delta on the northwest side of the lake. The flow of the Saskatchewan River to Lake Winnipeg on the eastern end of Cedar Lake is regulated by the Grand Rapids Dam built in 1962 by Manitoba Hydro.

Some 40 commercial fishing licenses are granted to operate on the lake, which produce between $600,000 and $1M in landed value, making it the 4th largest fishery in Manitoba.

Lake Winnipegosis
Lake Winnipegosis is a large (5,370 km2) lake in central North America, in Manitoba, Canada, some 300 km northwest of Winnipeg. It is Canada's eleventh-largest lake.

The lake's name derives from that of Lake Winnipeg, with a diminutive suffix. Winnipeg means 'big muddy waters' and Winnipegosis means 'little muddy waters'., both characterized by coastal wetlands.

It appears as  Winipgassish on the Fidler map of 1820, while modern spelling dates from as early as 1811.
Skarszewy
Skarszewy [skarˈʂɛvɨ] (German: Schöneck in Westpreußen) is a town in Starogard Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania, 40 kilometres (25 miles) south of Gdańsk. Population: 6 809 (30 June 2005). It is the seat of the urban-rural administrative district Gmina Skarszewy.

Founded in the medieval period, Skarszewy is a former royal town of Poland, which served as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship from 1613 to 1772. The old town is enclosed by remains of 14th-century stone walls and its landmarks include the Gothic parish Church of St. Michael the Archangel with well-preserved Baroque furnishings, a preserved market square and a medieval castle of Knights Hospitaller, which in the early modern period housed a court in which Józef Wybicki, the author of the lyrics of the Polish national anthem, studied law. In 2005 the town was given the title the Pearl of Pomerania.

Gmina Skarszewy
Gmina Skarszewy is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Skarszewy, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Starogard Gdański and 36 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 169.79 square kilometres (65.6 sq mi), and as of 2023 its total population is 14,412 (out of which the population of Skarszewy amounts to 6,468, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,944).
Flint River (Michigan)
The Flint River is a 78.3-mile-long (126.0 km) river in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of Michigan in the United States. The river's headwaters are in Columbiaville in Lapeer County and flows through the counties of Lapeer, Genesee, and Saginaw. The cities of Lapeer, Flint, Flushing, and Montrose are along its course.

Genesee Township, Michigan
The Charter Township of Genesee, or Genesee Township, is a charter township of Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. In the Public Land Survey System, the township is survey area township 8 north, range 7 east.  The population was 20,581 at the 2020 census, down from 21,581 at the 2010 census.
Bhai Balmukund
Bhai Balmukund (1889 – 8 May 1915) was an Indian revolutionary freedom fighter. He was sentenced to death and hanged by the British Raj for his role in Delhi conspiracy case.  He was a cousin of another revolutionary Bhai Parmanand, who was a founder member of Ghadar Party.

Delhi conspiracy case
The Delhi Conspiracy case, also known as the  Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy, refers to an attempt made in 1912 to assassinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge by throwing a local self-made bomb of Anushilan Samiti by Basanta Kumar Biswas, on the occasion of transferring the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi. Hatched by the Indian revolutionaries underground in Bengal and Punjab and headed by Rash Behari Bose, the conspiracy culminated in the attempted assassination on 23 December 1912, when a homemade bomb was thrown into the Viceroy's howdah as the ceremonial procession was moving through the Chandni Chowk suburb of Delhi.
Chinna Chokkikulam
Chinna Chokkikulam is a neighbourhood in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu state in the peninsular India.

Chinna Chokkikulam is located at an altitude of about 160 m above the mean sea level with the geographical coordinates of 9°56′06″N 78°08′00″E﻿ / ﻿9.935000°N 78.133400°E﻿ / 9.935000; 78.133400 (i.e., 9°56'06.0"N, 78°08'00.2"E).  Madurai, Sellur, Narimedu, B B Kulam, Simmakkal, Tallakulam, K. Pudur, Goripalayam, Shenoy Nagar, Yanaikkal, Nelpettai, East Gate, Thathaneri, Koodal Nagar and Arappalayam are some of the important neighbourhoods of Chinna Chokkikulam.

Chinna Chokkikulam area falls under the Madurai North Assembly constituency. The winner of the election held in the year 2021 as the member of its assembly constituency is G. Thalapathi. Also, this area belongs to Madurai Lok Sabha constituency. S. Venkatesan won the 2019 elections, as the member of its Lok Sabha constituency.

K. Pudur
K. Pudur is a neighbourhood in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu state in the peninsular India.

It is located at about 158 m above the mean sea level with the geographical coordinates of 9°57′15″N 78°09′03″E﻿ / ﻿9.954300°N 78.150700°E﻿ / 9.954300; 78.150700 (i.e., 9°57'15.5"N, 78°09'02.5"E). Madurai, Sellur, Narimedu, Chinna Chokkikulam, B B Kulam, Simmakkal, Tallakulam, Goripalayam, Shenoy Nagar, Yanaikkal, Nelpettai, East Gate, Thathaneri, Koodal Nagar and Arappalayam are some of the important neighbourhoods of K. Pudur.

K. Pudur area falls under the Madurai North Assembly constituency. The winner of the election held in the year 2021 as the member of its assembly constituency is G. Thalapathi. Also, this area belongs to Madurai Lok Sabha constituency. S. Venkatesan won the 2019 elections, as the member of its Lok Sabha constituency.
Intramembranous ossification
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the gnathostome (excluding chondrichthyans such as sharks) skeletal system by which rudimentary bone tissue is created.
Intramembranous ossification is also an essential process during the natural healing of bone fractures and the rudimentary formation of bones of the head.

Unlike endochondral ossification, which is the other process by which bone tissue is created during fetal development, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification.

Mesenchymal stem cell
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).

The primary function of MSCs is to respond to injury and infection by secreting and recruiting a range of biological factors, as well as modulating inflammatory processes to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. Extensive research interest has led to more than 80,000 peer-reviewed papers on MSCs.
Quebec Route 227
Route 227 is a provincial highway located in the Montérégie region of Quebec. The highway runs from Venise-en-Québec at the junction of Route 202 in the northwestern shores of Lake Champlain and ends at the junction of Autoroute 20 in Sainte-Marie-Madeleine, near Mont-Saint-Hilaire. It briefly overlaps Route 229 in Saint-Jean-Baptiste.

Quebec Route 229
Route 229 is a Quebec provincial highway located in the Montérégie region. It runs from the junction of Route 112 in Rougement and ends at the junction of Route 132 in Varennes. It overlaps Route 227 in Saint-Jean-Baptiste and Route 116 in Beloeil and Mont-Saint-Hilaire.
2026 SA20
The 2026 SA20 season was the fourth season of the SA20, a franchise Twenty20 cricket league in South Africa. The competition, organised by Cricket South Africa, featured six teams. The tournament took place from 26 December 2025 to 25 January 2026, with the final held in Cape Town. SuperSport secured the official broadcasting rights for the SA20, 2025–26 in Sub Saharan Africa regions. Betway returns as the league sponsor this season.

MI Cape Town entered the tournament as the defending champions, having won their maiden title in the previous season. In the final, Sunrisers Eastern Cape defeated Pretoria Capitals by 6 wickets to win their third title.

Sunrisers Eastern Cape
Sunrisers Eastern Cape is a South African professional Twenty20 franchise cricket team that competes in the SA20 tournament. The team is based in Gqeberha, and was formed in 2022. The team's home-ground is St George's Park Cricket Ground. The team is coached by Adrian Birrell. The franchise is owned by the Indian SUN Group.
Lloyds Bank coprolite
The Lloyds Bank coprolite is a large coprolite, or fossilised specimen of human faeces, recovered by the York Archaeological Trust while excavating the settlement of Jórvík (present-day York) in northern England. 
The specimen was dated around the 9th century and offers insight into the dietary practices of the Anglo-Scandinavians during this period.

Scandinavian York
Scandinavian York (Jórvík) or Viking York (Old Norse: Jórvík) is a term used by historians for what is now Yorkshire during the period of Scandinavian domination after the Viking invasion in 865 (interlaced with brief periods of Anglo-Saxon control as battles would breakout) until it was annexed and integrated into England after the Norman Conquest in 1066; in particular, it is used to refer to York, the city controlled by this ebb and flow of Viking and Anglo-Saxon kings and earls, including the period when Viking King Cnut ruled all of England, part of his North Sea Empire, until his death in 1035. The Kingdom of Jórvík was closely associated with the longer-lived Kingdom of Dublin throughout this period.
Anne of Savoy
Anne of Savoy, Princess of Squillace, Altamura, and Taranto (1 June 1455 – February 1480) was the first wife of King Frederick IV. She died 16 years before he succeeded to the Neapolitan throne, so she was never queen consort. Anne was a member of the House of Savoy, and through her mother Yolande of France, she was a granddaughter of King Charles VII of France.

Frederick of Naples
Frederick (19 April 1452 – 9 November 1504), sometimes called Frederick IV or Frederick of Aragon, was the last King of Naples from the Neapolitan branch of the House of Trastámara, ruling from 1496 to 1501. He was the second son of Ferdinand I, younger brother of Alfonso II, and uncle of Ferdinand II, his predecessor.

A combination of King Louis XII of France and Frederick's famous cousin King Ferdinand II of Aragon had continued the claim of Louis's predecessor, King Charles VIII of France, to Naples and Sicily. In 1501, they deposed Frederick; Naples initially went to Louis, but by 1504 a falling-out led to Naples' seizure by Ferdinand, after which it remained part of the Spanish possessions until the end of the War of the Spanish Succession.
Kirabo Jackson
C. Kirabo "Bo" Jackson is an American economist who is Abraham Harris Professor of Education and Social Policy and Professor of Economics at Northwestern University, a Fellow at the Institute for Policy Research, and a Faculty Research Fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He previously served as co-editor at Journal of Human Resources and is currently on leave as Editor in Chief of the American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. In 2020, he was elected to the National Academy of Education and was awarded the David N. Kershaw Award and Prize for contributions to the field of public policy analysis and management from the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM). In 2022 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences which  honors the excellence and leadership of exceptional people from all disciplines and practices. In August, 2023, Jackson joined President Biden's three-member Council of Economic Advisers.

Council of Economic Advisers
The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a United States agency within the Executive Office of the President established in 1946, which advises the president of the United States on economic policy. The CEA provides much of the empirical research for the White House and prepares the publicly-available annual Economic Report of the President. The council is made up of its chairperson and generally two to three additional member economists. Its chairperson requires appointment and Senate confirmation, and its other members are appointed by the president.