hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xiao (surname)
Xiao (/ʃaʊ/; Chinese: 蕭) is a Chinese-language surname. In the Wade-Giles system of romanization, it is rendered as Hsiao, which is commonly used in Taiwan. It is also romanized as Siauw, Shiao, Siaw, Siew, Siow, Seow, Siu, Shiu or Sui, as well as Shaw among overseas Chinese communities. It is the 99th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.

After the demise of the Qing dynasty, some of the descendants of Manchu clan Šumuru sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames Shu (舒), Xu (徐) or Xiao (蕭).

A 1977 study found that it was the 20th most common Chinese surname in the world. It is said to be the 30th most common in China.  In 2019 it was the 33rd most common surname in mainland China.

Shu (surname)
Shu (Chinese: 舒; pinyin: Shū) is a Chinese surname. It is 43rd in the Hundred Family Surnames, contained in the verse 熊紀舒屈 (Xiong, Ji, Shu, Qu). Šumuru sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames Shu (舒), Xu (徐) or Xiao (蕭) after the demise of the Qing dynasty.

According to the a 2013 study, it is the 143rd most common surname, being shared by 1.09 million people, or 0.082% of the population, with Hunan being the province with the most people sharing the name.

In ancient usage, the characters of meng  (孟) (bo 伯 bearing the same notion), zhong (仲), shu (叔) and ji (季) were used to denote the first, second, third and fourth (or last) eldest sons in a family.

The Vietnamese version of the name is Thư, but it is extremely rare.

"Shu" can also be a romanization for Xú (徐) or Xǔ (许).
Ibanez
Ibanez (アイバニーズ, Aibanīzu) is a Japanese guitar brand owned by Hoshino Gakki. Based in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, Hoshino Gakki was one of the first Japanese musical instrument companies to gain a significant foothold in import guitar sales in the United States and Europe, as well as the first brand of guitars to mass-produce seven-string and eight-string guitars. Ibanez manufactures effects, accessories, amps, and instruments in Japan, China, Indonesia, and the United States (at a Los Angeles-based custom shop). As of 2017 they marketed nearly 165 models of bass guitar, 130 acoustic guitars, and more than 300 electric guitars. As of 2024, after Gibson, Fender, and PRS, Ibanez is among the world's most popular and bestselling guitar brands.

Daryl Robertson of Guitar World conferred the title of "the shredder's weapon of choice" on the Ibanez.

Ibanez JEM
The Ibanez JEM is an electric guitar manufactured by Ibanez and first produced in 1987. The guitar's most notable user is its co-designer, Steve Vai. As of 2010, there have been five sub-models of the JEM: the JEM7, JEM77, JEM777, JEM555, JEM333, and JEM70V. Although the Ibanez JEM series is a signature series guitar, Ibanez mass-produces several of the guitar's sub-models.

The design of the Ibanez JEM series was heavily influenced by the superstrat style of guitars of the early 1980s such as the Jackson Soloist, Kramer Beretta and Hamer Chaparral. This type of guitar is more aggressively styled in terms of shape and specifications compared to the Stratocaster on which they are based.
Coastal Swamp Oak Forest
Coastal Swamp Oak Forests, also known as Swamp Oak Floodplain Forests and Estuarine swamp oak forests, are scattered riparian forests found in southeastern Queensland to southeastern New South Wales, Australia that would predominantly feature Casuarina glauca (swamp oaks). They occur within the South Eastern Queensland, NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin, or South East Corner bioregions.

Both this ecological zone and the River-flat eucalypt forest community used to fall under the Sydney Coastal River Flat Forest biome, before they were separated as two distinct ecological areas in 2019 (since the latter predominantly features eucalyptus trees, whereas this zone is more Casuarina-dominant).

Riparian forest
A riparian forest or riparian woodland is a forested or wooded area of land adjacent to a body of water such as a river, stream, pond, lake, marshland, estuary, canal, sink, or reservoir. Due to the broad nature of the definition, riparian woodlands have a huge diversity of characteristics including but not limited to soil composition, microclimates, and vegetative structures. However, among the varied range and landscapes, one factor stays constant: a high rate of primary productivity. This makes riparian forests hugely important centers of nutrient recycling.
The Round (Beaverton, Oregon)
The Round (also known as The Round at Beaverton Central) is a mixed-use development surrounding the Beaverton Central station in Beaverton, Oregon, United States. Nearby features include BG's Food Cartel and the Patricia Reser Center for the Arts.

Beaverton, Oregon
Beaverton is a city in the Tualatin Valley, located in Washington County in the U.S. state of Oregon, with a small portion bordering Portland. The city is among the main cities that make up the Portland metropolitan area. Its population was 97,494 at the 2020 census, making it the second most populous city in the county and the seventh-most populous city in Oregon. Beaverton is an economic center for Washington County along with neighboring Hillsboro.
Mark 11
Mark 11 is the eleventh chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible, beginning Jesus' final "hectic" week, before his death as he arrives in Jerusalem for the coming Passover. It contains the stories of Jesus's entry into Jerusalem, his cursing of the fig tree, his conflict with the Temple money changers, and his argument with the chief priests and elders about his authority. Biblical commentator Christopher Tuckett notes that "the Passion narrative in Mark is usually adjudged to start at chapter 14, but there is a real sense in which it can be said to start ... at the start of chapter 11".

Jeremiah 7
Jeremiah 7 is the seventh chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 7 to 10 constitute an address delivered by Jeremiah at the gate of the Temple in Jerusalem.
West Mercia Police and Crime Commissioner
The West Mercia Police and Crime Commissioner is the police and crime commissioner (PCC), an elected official tasked with setting out the way crime is tackled by West Mercia Police in the English counties of Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Shropshire. The post was created in November 2012, following an election held on 15 November 2012, and replaced the West Mercia Police Authority. The current incumbent is John Campion, who represents the Conservative Party.

Warwickshire Police
Warwickshire Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing Warwickshire in England. It is the second smallest territorial police force in England and Wales after the City of London Police, with 1,126 regular officers as of July 2024. The resident population of the force area is 554,002.
Neiman Marcus Fashion Award
The Neiman Marcus Award for Distinguished Service in the Field of Fashion was a yearly award created in 1938 by Carrie Marcus Neiman and Stanley Marcus. Unlike the Coty Award, it was not limited to American-based fashion designers. Recipients of the Neiman Marcus Awards include couturiers, non-American-based designers, journalists, manufacturers, and celebrities and style icons who had had a significant personal influence upon fashion such as Grace Kelly and Grace Mirabella. The award was typically presented to multiple recipients each year, rather than to a single individual, although Adrian was the sole winner in 1943, a feat repeated in 1957 by Coco Chanel. From 1969 the awards became increasingly intermittent, with ceremonies held in 1973, 1979, 1980, 1984 and 1995, the last year in which the awards were presented. For the final ceremony, the founder, Stanley Marcus, received one of his own awards.

Coty Award
The Coty American Fashion Critics' Awards (awarded 1943–1984) were created in 1942 by the cosmetics and perfume company Coty to promote and celebrate American fashion, and encourage design during the Second World War. In 1985, the Coty Awards were discontinued with the last presentation of the awards in September 1984; the CFDA Awards fulfill a similar role. It was casually referred to as "fashion's Oscars" because it once held great importance within the fashion industry and the award ceremonies were glitzy galas.
Alive (Chick Corea album)
Alive is a live in the studio album by the Chick Corea Akoustic Band, recorded on Stage 7 in Sunset Gower Studios in Los Angeles in December 1989, and released in 1991 through the record label GRP. The album peaked at number three on Billboard's Top Jazz Albums chart. The trio of Corea, bassist John Patitucci and drummer Dave Weckl performed before an invited audience.

GRP Records
GRP® Records (Grusin-Rosen Productions) is a jazz record label founded by Dave Grusin and Larry Rosen in 1978. Distributed by Verve Records, GRP® was originally known for its digital recordings that focuses on its jazz genre.
Old Allegany County Courthouse
Old Allegany County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Angelica in Allegany County, New York. It was built in 1819 and used until 1892, when the county seat was moved to Belmont, New York.  Since then, it has been used as school rooms, church, gymnasium, polling place, and as town offices for the town of Angelica. It is located within the Angelica Park Circle Historic District.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Angelica Park Circle Historic District
Angelica Park Circle Historic District is a national historic district in Angelica, Allegany County, New York, United States. The 90 acres (36 ha) district encompasses 97 buildings, including the octagonal village green, the county fairgrounds, and the Old Allegany County Courthouse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Dunean, South Carolina
Dunean is a census-designated place (CDP) in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,671 at the 2010 census, down from 4,158 in 2000. It is part of the Greenville–Mauldin–Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Greenville County, South Carolina
Greenville County (/ˈɡriːnvɪl/ GREEN-vil; locally /ˈɡriːnvəl/ GREEN-vəl) is located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 525,534, making it the most populous county in the state. Its county seat is Greenville. The county is also home to the Greenville County School District, the largest school system in South Carolina. Greenville County is the most populous county in Upstate South Carolina as well as the state. It is the central county of the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.
Pawan Hans
Pawan Hans Limited (PHL) is a transport service operated as a central public sector undertaking based at Noida in Delhi NCR, India. It is a Mini Ratna-I category PSU under the ownership of Ministry of Civil Aviation of the Government of India. It has cumulatively flown more than 1 million hours and has had 2.5 million landings on its fleet since its formation. The registered office is located in New Delhi. The corporate headquarter is located at Sector-1 in Noida with regional office at New Delhi, Mumbai and Guwahati. The operations are based at the Juhu Aerodrome in Vile Parle (West), Mumbai.

It is the country's  only government-owned-helicopter service provider with the objective of providing helicopter support services to the oil sector for its off-shore exploration operations, services in remote areas and charter services for promotion of tourism.

Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation (Naagar Vimaan Mantraalay) in India is the nodal ministry responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for the development and regulation of civil aviation. It devises and implements schemes for the orderly growth and expansion of civil air transport in the country. The mandate of this ministry also extend to overseeing airport facilities, air traffic services and carriage of passengers and goods by air. The ministry also administers the implementation of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024, Aircraft Rules, 1937 and is administratively responsible for the Commission of Railway Safety.
Huai Khwang district
Huai Khwang (Thai: ห้วยขวาง, pronounced [hûa̯j kʰwǎːŋ]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It is east of the city centre. Neighbouring districts are Chatuchak, Wang Thonglang, Bang Kapi, Suan Luang, Watthana, Ratchathewi, and Din Daeng.

Ratchathewi district
Ratchathewi (Thai: ราชเทวี, pronounced [râːt.t͡ɕʰā.tʰēː.wīː]) is a district (khet) in central Bangkok, Thailand. Clockwise from the north, its neighboring districts are Phaya Thai, Din Daeng, Huai Khwang, Watthana, Pathum Wan and Dusit.
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer (Czech: Kilián Ignác Dientzenhofer; 1 September 1689 – 18 December 1751) was a German Bohemian architect of the Baroque era. He is among the most prolific and renowned architects of his era in Bohemia. He was born into the well known Dientzenhofer family of architects and is considered its most talented and productive member.

Police nad Metují
Police nad Metují (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpolɪtsɛ ˈnad mɛtujiː], German: Politz an der Mettau) is a town in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,100 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
USNS Wheeling
USNS Wheeling (T-AGM-8) was a Wheeling-class missile range instrumentation ship acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1962 and converted from her Victory ship cargo configuration to a missile tracking ship, a role she retained for a number of years before being sunk as a target by Harpoon missiles on 12 July 1981.

Victory ship
The Victory ship is a ship class of cargo ship produced in large numbers by American shipyards during World War II. They were a more modern design compared to the earlier Liberty ship, were slightly larger and had more powerful steam turbine engines, giving higher speed to allow participation in high-speed convoys and make them more difficult targets for German U-boats.  A total of 534 Victory ships were built in between 1944 and 1946.
Anterior pituitary
The anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) is a major organ of the endocrine system. The anterior pituitary is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis) which, in humans, is located at the base of the brain, protruding off the bottom of the hypothalamus.

The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes, including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation. Proper functioning of the anterior pituitary and of the organs it regulates can often be ascertained via blood tests that measure hormone levels.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, or abbreviated TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), and then triiodothyronine (T3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. It is a glycoprotein hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland, which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid.
University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in North America. It publishes a wide range of academic titles, including The Chicago Manual of Style, numerous academic journals, and advanced monographs in the academic fields. The press is located just south of the Midway Plaisance on the University of Chicago campus.

One of its quasi-independent projects is the BiblioVault, a digital repository for scholarly books.

A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations
A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is a style guide for writing and formatting research papers, theses, and dissertations and is published by the University of Chicago Press.

The work is often referred to as "Turabian" (after the work's original author, Kate L. Turabian) or by the shortened title, A Manual for Writers. The style and formatting of academic works, described within the manual, is commonly referred to as "Turabian style" or "Chicago style" (being based on that of The Chicago Manual of Style).

The ninth edition of the manual, published in 2018, corresponds with the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style.
Boudierella
Boudierella is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.

The name Boudierella honours Jean Louis Émile Boudier (1828–1920), a pharmacist who lived in Montmorency, France.

It was circumscribed in 1897.

Pyronemataceae
The Pyronemataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera and approximately 500 species. Phylogenetic analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family,  and suggest that the family is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed.
Kanzi
Kanzi (October 28, 1980 – March 18, 2025) was a male bonobo who was the subject of numerous studies on great ape language and cognition. According to Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, a primatologist who has studied the bonobo since the 1990s, Kanzi exhibited advanced linguistic aptitude.

Kanzi is well known for his noteworthy cognitive abilities. He had a very well-documented linguistic understanding of the human language. He is believed to be the first non-human great ape to understand and comprehend spoken English. In addition, he was also heavily documented for his understanding and usage of symbols to communicate, usually through lexigrams and partial ASL. The vast amount of information that researchers gathered from Kanzi created a significant impact for the fields of linguistics and cognitive science. Kanzi's behavior and abilities have been the topic of research published in scientific journals, as well as reports in popular media. He died in 2025, in Des Moines, Iowa.

Sue Savage-Rumbaugh
Emily Sue Savage-Rumbaugh (born August 16, 1946) is an American psychologist and primatologist most known for her work with two bonobos, Kanzi and Panbanisha, investigating their linguistic and cognitive abilities using lexigrams and computer-based keyboards. Originally based at Georgia State University's Language Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, she worked at the Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary in Des Moines, Iowa from 2006 until her departure in November 2013.
Międzyrzecz
Międzyrzecz (Polish pronunciation: [mʲɛnˈd͡zɨʐɛt͡ʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Meserici, German: Meseritz, Yiddish: מעזריטש, romanized: Mezrits) is a town in western Poland, on the Obra and Paklica river, with 17,667 inhabitants (2020). The capital of Gmina Międzyrzecz and Międzyrzecz County in Lubusz Voivodeship.

Founded in the 9th century, Międzyrzecz is a former royal city of Poland. It contains heritage in various styles, including Gothic, Baroque and Neoclassical, including a medieval Royal Castle, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. During World War II, it was the site of German Nazi atrocities in which more than 10,000 people were killed.

Międzyrzecz Castle
Międzyrzecz Castle, also known as the Royal Piast Castle of Międzyrzecz, is a medieval stronghold surrounded by a dike, built in around 1350 by King Casimir III the Great in the place of a former gord from the second half of the ninth century, located on a small hill in between two floodplains of the Obra and Paklica Rivers.
2010 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 2010 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2010, to elect the 40th Governor of the U.S. state of Minnesota for a four-year term to begin in January 2011. The general election was contested by the major party candidates State Representative Tom Emmer (R–Delano), former U.S. Senator Mark Dayton (DFL), and Independence Party candidate Tom Horner. After a very close race, Dayton was elected governor. Emmer would be elected to the United States House of Representatives four years later.

This was the first time the Democrats won the governorship since Rudy Perpich won re-election in 1986. With a margin of 0.4% (or 8,770 votes), this election was the closest race of the 2010 gubernatorial election cycle.

1986 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1986 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1986. Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party candidate Rudy Perpich defeated Independent-Republican Party challenger Cal Ludeman. Saint Paul Mayor George Latimer unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic nomination.

This would be the last gubernatorial election won by a Democrat until 2010.
Bila Seyo
Bila Seyo was one of the 180 woredas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. It was divided between Gobu Seyo and Gudeya Bila woredas. Part of the East Welega Zone, Bila Seyo was bordered on the south by Wama Bonaya, on the southwest by Sibu Sire, on the west by Guto Wayu, on the north by Abe Dongoro, on the northeast by Jimma Horo, and on the east by the West Shewa Zone. The administrative center of the woreda was Ano; other towns in Bila Seyo included Bila and Jare.

Jimma Horo, East Welega
Jimma Horo was a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It was one of the 180 woredas in Oromia Region. Part of the East Welega Zone, Jimma Horo was bordered on the south by the East Shewa Zone, on the southwest by Bila Seyo, on the west by Abe Dongoro, on the northwest by Amuru Jarte, on the northeast by Abay Chomen, on the east by Guduru, and on the southeast by Jimma Rare. The administrative center of the woreda was Shambu; other towns included Harato and Sekela.

Jimma Horo was divided for Horo and Jimma Genete woredas and Shambu town.
Lønset Church
Lønset Church (Norwegian: Lønset kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Oppdal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Lønset, along the Norwegian National Road 70 in the western part of the municipality. It is the church for the Lønset parish which is part of the Gauldal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.  The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal style in 1863 using plans drawn up by the architect Sjur Jamtseter and the carpenter J. Rønningen. The church seats about 250 people.

Oppdal Municipality
Oppdalⓘ is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Dovre region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Oppdal. Other villages in the municipality include Lønset, Vognillan, Fagerhaugen, and Holan. The Oppdal Airport, Fagerhaug is located in the northeastern part of the municipality.

The 2,274-square-kilometre (878 sq mi) municipality is the 24th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Oppdal Municipality is the 139th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,389. The municipality's population density is 3.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.3/sq mi) and its population has increased by 8.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Perpetual Income & Growth Investment Trust
Perpetual Income & Growth Investment Trust (LSE: PLI) was a large British investment trust dedicated to investments in UK equities. Established in 1996, the company was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. The chairman was Richard Laing. The fund was managed by Invesco Perpetual. Murray Income Trust absorbed 80% of its assets in November 2020. The other 20% was distributed to shareholders.

Murray Income Trust
Murray Income Trust (LSE: MUT) is a large British investment trust dedicated to investments in UK equities. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and it is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.