hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duékoué Department
Duékoué Department is a department of Guémon Region in Montagnes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 420,911 and its seat is the settlement of Duékoué. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bagohouo, Duékoué, Gbapleu, Guéhiébly, and Guézon.

Duékoué
Duékoué (French: [dwekwe]) is a city in western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Duékoué Department. It is also the seat of Guémon Region in Montagnes District and a commune. In the 2021 census, the population of the sub-prefecture of Duékoué was 220,953.
Goatfish
The goatfishes, or mullets, are ray-finned fish of the family Mullidae, the only family in the suborder Mulloidei of the order Syngnathiformes. The family is also sometimes referred to as the red mullets, which also refers more narrowly to the genus Mullus.

The family name and the English common name mullet derived from Latin mullus, the red mullet; other than the red mullet and the striped red mullet or surmullet, the English word "mullet" generally refers to a different family of fish, the Mugilidae or gray mullets.

Common bluestripe snapper
The common bluestripe snapper (Lutjanus kasmira), bluestripe snapper, bluebanded snapper,  bluestripe sea perch, fourline snapper, blue-line snapper or moonlighter, is a species of snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is native to the Indian Ocean from the coast of Africa and the Red Sea to the central Pacific Ocean. It is commercially important and sought as a game fish. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Astrochapsa
Astrochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Graphidoideae of the family Graphidaceae. It has about 30 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2012, with Astrochapsa astroidea assigned as the type species. It was split from Chapsa because members of this genus usually have a densely skinned thallus, apothecial rims that tend to curve back, and spores that are mostly subdistoseptate (septa slightly thickened; cell spaces angular) and non-amyloid.

Graphidaceae
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark. These lichens are characterized by their crust-like growth form and typically partner with orange-pigmented Trentepohlia algae. Many species produce distinctive elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies, and some have unusually large ascospores that can begin germinating almost immediately upon release. The family originated approximately 176 million years ago and has diversified steadily since, with major bursts of new species arising alongside the spread of flowering plants and tropical rainforests.
Zacco (fish)
Zacco is a genus of small freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Xenocyprididae, the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. They are found in freshwater habitats in China and northern Vietnam. The generic name Zacco derives from the Japanese Zako 雑魚 (Coarse fish).

Xenocyprididae
Xenocyprididae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, commonly called the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. They have a natural distribution in Asia. This taxon, sometimes spelt Xenocypridae, was previously regarded to be a subfamily, Xenocyprinae, of the family Cyprinidae. Cyprinidae sensu lato is now divided into a number of smaller families within the suborder Cyprinoidei, in the order Cypriniformes.
Churchill Square (Edmonton)
Churchill Square (officially "Sir Winston Churchill Square") is the main downtown square in Edmonton, Alberta, which plays host to a large number of festivals and events including: the Edmonton International Street Performers Festival, Edmonton Fashion Week, The Works Art & Design Festival, Taste of Edmonton, Cariwest, and Edmonton Pride.

Downtown Edmonton
Downtown Edmonton is the central business district of Edmonton, Alberta. Located at the geographical centre of the city, the downtown area is bounded by 109 Street to the west, 105 Avenue to the north, 97 Street to the east, 97 Avenue and Rossdale Road to the south, and the North Saskatchewan River to the southeast.

Surrounding neighbourhoods include Wîhkwêntôwin to the west, Queen Mary Park, Central McDougall and McCauley to the north, Boyle Street and Riverdale to the east, and Rossdale to the south.

The residents of Downtown Edmonton are represented by the Downtown Edmonton Community League, established in 1999, which runs a community hall at 100 Avenue and 103 Street.

The Edmonton Oilers' home arena, Rogers Place, is located in the north central part of downtown where it anchors the Ice District mixed-used development for sports and entertainment.
Kosi Bird Observatory
Kosi Bird Observatory (KBO) and field education center (26°46’57"N/087°08’21"E) is the first and the sole bird observatory in Nepal established by Himalayan Nature (HN : a not-for-profit research and conservation organization). KBO lies in Sunsari District, East Nepal, to the north-east of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, the first Ramsar site of the country. It lies on a "prime migratory corridor".

Bird observatory
A bird observatory is a centre for the study of bird migration and bird populations. They are usually focused on local birds, but may also include interest in far-flung areas. Most bird observatories are small operations with a limited staff, many volunteers and a not-for-profit educational status. Many bird observatories conduct bird ringing or bird banding (term in the United States).
U.S. Route 176
U.S. Route 176 (US 176) is a spur of US 76 in the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina. The U.S. Highway runs 237.98 miles (382.99 km) from US 25 Business and North Carolina Highway 225 (NC 225) in Hendersonville, North Carolina, east to US 52 in Goose Creek, South Carolina. US 176 serves the transition region between the Blue Ridge Mountains and Foothills of Western North Carolina and the Upstate, Midlands, and Lowcountry regions of South Carolina. The highway passes through and connects Spartanburg, one of two major cities in the Upstate, and Columbia, the South Carolina state capital and central city of the Midlands. US 176 parallels and serves as a secondary highway to Interstate 26 (I-26) except for between Spartanburg and Columbia, where the U.S. Highway deviates from the I-26 corridor to serve Union.

South Carolina Highway 72
South Carolina Highway 72 (SC 72) is a 124.860-mile (200.943 km) state highway, traversing interior portions of the South Carolina Piedmont region. This route is part of a multi two-state route 72 that begins at Athens, Georgia and ends at Rock Hill, South Carolina. The route connects many smaller communities outside major metropolitan areas and is roughly parallel with Interstate 85 (I-85) to the north and I-20 and I-77 to the south and east. The route shares the longest concurrency in the state with SC 121, from Whitmire to Rock Hill.
Namtar, Nepal
Namtar is a village development committee in the Kailash Rural Municipality of Makwanpur District in the Bagmati Province of Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7999 people living in 1331 individual households.
There are nine wads in Namtar they are Ghirgari todke, Batase, Nimtilek, Bardeu, Aghor,

Kailash Rural Municipality
Kailash is a Rural municipality located within the Makwanpur District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 204.48 square kilometres (78.95 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 23,922 according to the 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Dandakharka, Kalikatar, Gagane, Bharta Pundyadevi and Namtar VDCs were merged to form Kailash Rural Municipality.
Kailash is divided into 10 wards, with Kalikatar declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.
Currency substitution
Currency substitution is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of a domestic currency.

Currency substitution can be full or partial. Full currency substitution can occur after a major economic crisis, such as in Ecuador. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use the currencies of their larger neighbours; for example, Liechtenstein uses the Swiss franc.

Partial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets denominated in a foreign currency or use it as exchange currency, as is currently the case in Venezuela. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution; for example, Argentina was in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s.

Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)
The Zimbabwean dollar (sign: Z$; code: ZWL), also known as the Zimdollar or Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) dollar, was the currency of Zimbabwe from February 2019 to April 2024. It was the only legally permitted currency for trade in Zimbabwe from June 2019 to March 2020, after which foreign currencies were legalised again.

Due to the sharp depreciation of the Zimdollar, beginning almost immediately after its introduction, where possible, most transactions were being done in hard currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, despite their illegality until March 2020. On 5 April 2024, it was announced that the Zimdollar would be replaced by the new Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG), a gold-backed currency, starting on 8 April. On 31 August 2024, the Zimbabwean dollar (ZWL) was officially retired.
Operation Sath Jaya
Operation Sath Jaya (Sinhalese: Operation True Victory) was the military offensive carried out by the Sri Lankan Armed Forces in July to September 1996 to recapture the town of Kilinochchi from the LTTE. The army launched the offensive from its base in Elephant Pass in June in response to Battle of Mullaitivu in which the 25 Brigade of the army was overrun at its base in the town of Mullaitivu resulting in the deaths of over 2,000 Sri Lankan Armed Forces personal. Units of the Sri Lanka Army fought its way south from Elephant Pass along the A9 highway to Kilinochchi which it was able to recapture in September. The LTTE recaptured Kilinochchi in late September 1998.

Battle of Kilinochchi (1998)
The Battle of Kilinochchi (codenamed Operation Unceasing Waves II by the Tamil Tigers) occurred in September 1998 over the control of the city of Kilinochchi in Sri Lanka (geographical coordinates 9°23′00″N 80°24′00″E﻿ / ﻿9.383333°N 80.4°E﻿ / 9.383333; 80.4). The battle was fought between the Sri Lankan Army (SLA) and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
Clermont, Florida
Clermont is the most populous city in Lake County, within the U.S. state of Florida. The population was 43,021 in 2020. It is about 22 miles (35 km) west of Orlando and 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Leesburg. The city is largely residential in character and its economy is centered in retail trade, lodging, and tourism-oriented restaurants and bars. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Clermont is home to the 1956 Florida Citrus Tower, one of Florida's early landmarks.

Greater Orlando
The Orlando metropolitan area (officially, for U.S. census purposes, the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida metropolitan statistical area, MSA) is an inland metropolitan area in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. Its principal cities are Orlando, Kissimmee, and Sanford. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines it as consisting of the counties of Lake, Orange (including Orlando), Osceola, and Seminole.

According to the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Greater Orlando is 2,673,376, an increase of nearly 540,000 new residents between 2010 and 2020.

By population, it is the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida, the seventh-largest in the Southeastern United States, and the 22nd-largest in the United States. The MSA encompasses 4,012 square miles (10,400 km2) of total area (both land and water areas).
Mark Hollis (athletic director)
Mark Hollis (born September 10, 1962) is an American sports administrator who served as the athletic director at Michigan State University, succeeding Ron Mason on January 1, 2008. Hollis retired on January 31, 2018.

Ron Mason
Ronald Herbert Mason (January 14, 1940 – June 13, 2016) was a Canadian ice hockey player, head coach, and university executive. A head coach of various American universities, most notably Michigan State University (MSU), he was the most successful coach in NCAA ice hockey history between 1993 and 2012 with 924 wins, until Jerry York (Boston College) became the new winningest coach with his 925th career win on December 29, 2012. Mason was athletic director at MSU from 2002 to 2008. He then served as senior advisor for the USHL Muskegon Lumberjacks. On December 2, 2013, Mason was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame.
Turkey men's national under-21 volleyball team
The Turkey men's national under-21 volleyball team represents Turkey in international men's volleyball competitions and friendly matches under the age 21. The team is governed by the Turkish Volleyball Federation, a body that is an affiliate of the Federation of International Volleyball FIVB and also part of the European Volleyball Confederation CEV.

Turkish Volleyball Federation
Turkish Volleyball Federation (TVF) (in Turkish: Türkiye Voleybol Federasyonu) is the governing body of volleyball and beach volleyball in Turkey. Formed in 1958, it is based in Ankara. The TVF is a member of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) and the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV).
Acfred, Count of Toulouse
Acfred (also Acfredus, Egfridus, Ecfrid or Effroi) was the Count of Toulouse from 842 to 843. When Charles the Bald deposed Bernard of Septimania in 842, he installed Acfred in Toulouse in July. The next year, however, Bernard, allied with Pepin II of Aquitaine, expelled Acfred. He never regained his country. Acfred's deposition was not recognised by the king until 844 or 845, when, having defeated and executed Bernard, he appointed Fredelon count of Toulouse. Perhaps Acfred had died by then, but perhaps not.

Bernard of Septimania
Bernard (or Bernat) of Septimania (795–844), son of William of Gellone and cousin of Charlemagne, was the Duke of Septimania and Count of Barcelona from 826 to 832 and again from 835 until his execution, and also Count of Carcassonne from 837. He was appointed to succeed the third Count of Barcelona, Rampon. During his career, Bernard was one of the closest counsellors of the Emperor Louis the Pious, a leading proponent of the war against the Moors, and was an opponent of the interests of the local Visigothic nobility in Iberia.
Thunderbolt (1910 film)
Thunderbolt is a 1910 Australian feature film based on the life of the bushranger Captain Thunderbolt. It was the directorial debut of John Gavin who later claimed it was the first "four-reel movie" made in Australia. It has also been called the first film made in New South Wales.

The movie was very successful and launched a cycle of bushranger films until they were banned in 1912.

Unlike most Australian silent films, part of the film survives today.

Captain Thunderbolt
Frederick Wordsworth Ward (c. 1835 – 25 May 1870), better known by the self-styled pseudonym of Captain Thunderbolt, was an Australian bushranger renowned for escaping from Cockatoo Island, and also for his reputation as the "gentleman bushranger", his marriage to an Aboriginal woman, and his lengthy survival, being the longest-roaming bushranger in Australian history.

It has been said Thunderbolt "probably ranks equal with Ben Hall as Australia's second-favourite" bushranger, after Ned Kelly.
George Washington Birthplace National Monument
The George Washington Birthplace National Monument is a national monument in Westmoreland County, Virginia, at the confluence of Popes Creek and the Potomac River. It commemorates the birthplace location of George Washington, a Founding Father and the first President of the United States, who was born here on February 22, 1732. Washington lived at the residence until age three and later returned to live there as a teenager.

Virginia State Route 204
State Route 204 (SR 204) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as Popes Creek Road, the state highway runs 1.73 miles (2.78 km) from SR 3 near Potomac Mills east to George Washington Birthplace National Monument in northwestern Westmoreland County.

SR 204 is a Virginia Byway.
Pittsburgh Light Rail
The Pittsburgh Light Rail (commonly known as The T or the Trolley) is a 26.2-mile (42.2 km) light rail system in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and surrounding suburbs. It operates as a deep-level subway in Downtown Pittsburgh, but runs mostly at-grade in the suburbs south of the city. The system is largely linear in a north–south direction, with one terminus near Pittsburgh's central business district and two termini in the South Hills. The system is owned and operated by Pittsburgh Regional Transit.

The T is one of the surviving first-generation streetcar systems in North America, with the oldest portions of the network dating back to 1903 and the Pittsburgh Railways. It is also one of only three light rail systems in the United States that continues to use the broad 5 ft 2+1⁄2 in (1,588 mm) Pennsylvania trolley gauge on its lines instead of the 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 3,236,100.

Station Square station
Station Square station is an intermodal transit station in the South Shore neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, located at the Station Square shopping and entertainment complex. It is served by the Red Line, Blue Line, and Silver Line of the Pittsburgh Light Rail network, and is the northern terminus of the South Busway. The station is near the Monongahela Incline and the  Gateway Clipper Fleet.
Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis
Toxoplasma chorioretinitis, more simply known as ocular toxoplasmosis, is possibly the most common cause of infections in the back of the eye (posterior segment) worldwide.  The causitive agent is Toxoplasma gondii, and in the United States, most cases are acquired congenitally.  The most common symptom is decreased visual acuity in one eye. Although bilateral disease is more common in congenital cases. The diagnosis is made by examination of the eye, using ophthalmoscopy.  Sometimes serologic testing is used to rule out the disease, but due to high rates of false positives, serologies are not diagnostic of toxoplasmic retinitis.

If vision is not compromised, treatment may not be necessary.  When vision is affected or threatened, treatment consists of pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and folinic acid for 4–6 weeks.  Prednisone is sometimes used to decrease inflammation.

Chorioretinitis
Chorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the eye. It is a form of posterior uveitis.  Inflammation of these layers can lead to vision-threatening complications. If only the choroid is inflamed, not the retina, the condition is termed choroiditis. The ophthalmologist's goal in treating these potentially blinding conditions is to eliminate the inflammation and minimize the potential risk of therapy to the patient.
Double chimney
A double chimney (or double stack, double smokestack in American English) is a form of chimney for a steam locomotive, where the conventional single opening is duplicated, together with the blastpipe beneath it.  Although the internal openings form two circles, the outside appearance usually forms a single elongated oval.

BR Caprotti Black Fives
British Railways built twenty locomotives of the LMS Stanier Black Five type, fitted with Caprotti valve gear, in 1948; the BR Caprotti Black Fives. These were numbered 44738-57, 44686 and 44687. The Black Fives had been fitted with Walschaerts valve gear as standard. In 1947, as part of an experimental programme by George Ivatt to try to improve the already good design, (4)4767 was built with Stephenson link motion. The Caprotti-fitted Black Fives were part of the same programme.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy play written by William Shakespeare in about 1595 or 1596. The play is set in Athens, and consists of several subplots that revolve around the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta. One subplot involves a conflict among four Athenian lovers. Another follows a group of six amateur actors rehearsing the play which they are to perform before the wedding. Both groups find themselves in a forest inhabited by fairies who manipulate the humans and are engaged in their own domestic intrigue.  A Midsummer Night's Dream is one of Shakespeare's most popular and widely performed plays.

Titania (A Midsummer Night's Dream)
Titania (/tɪˈtɑːniə/) is a character in William Shakespeare's 1595–1596 play A Midsummer Night's Dream.

In the play, she is the Queen of the fairies and wife of the Fairy King, Oberon. The pair are depicted as powerful natural spirits who together guarantee the fertility or health of the human and natural worlds. Yet their falling out has severely disrupted both worlds, as Titania explains at length in Act 1 Scene 2, ending "And this same progeny of evils comes From our debate, from our dissension."
House of Caracciolo
The House of Caracciolo (Italian: Casata dei Caracciolo [kaˈrattʃolo]; Latin: Domus Caracciolo) is a prominent aristocratic noble family that originated in the city of Naples. The Caracciolos are considered one of the most important families in the history of the Kingdom of Naples, and also held relevant posts in the Spanish Empire, Holy Roman Empire, and the Catholic Church.

Francis Caracciolo
Francis Caracciolo (October 13, 1563 – June 4, 1608), born Ascanio dei Caracciolo Pisquizi, was an Italian Catholic priest who co-founded the Order of the Clerics Regular Minor with John Augustine Adorno and Fabrizio Caracciolo. He decided to adopt a religious life at the age of 22.
Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants.  Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are polymers made by the cross-linking of phenolic precursors.

Cross-link
In chemistry and biology, a cross-link is a bond or a short sequence of bonds that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins).

In polymer chemistry "cross-linking" usually refers to the use of cross-links to promote a change in the polymers' physical properties.

When "crosslinking" is used in the biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking methodologies.

Although the term is used to refer to the "linking of polymer chains" for both sciences, the extent of crosslinking and specificities of the crosslinking agents vary greatly.