hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eta and eta prime mesons
The eta (η) and eta prime meson (η′) are isosinglet mesons made of a mixture of up, down and strange quarks and their antiquarks. The charmed eta meson (ηc) and bottom eta meson (ηb) are similar forms of quarkonium; they have the same spin and parity as the (light) η defined, but are made of charm quarks and bottom quarks respectively. The top quark is too heavy to form a similar meson, due to its very fast decay.

Bottom eta meson
The bottom eta meson (ηb) or eta-b meson is a flavourless meson formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle. It was first observed by the BaBar experiment at SLAC in 2008, and is the lightest particle containing a bottom and anti-bottom quark.
Nelson Lawson
Nelson Simmons Lawson, MLC (1 May 1806 – 3 February 1849) was an Australian politician. He was born at sea on the Lady Nelson. He was the son of British explorer William Lawson and Sarah Lawson (née Leadbeater). His first wife was Honoria Mary Dickinson, whom he married on 7 January 1836, and with whom he had six children. His second wife was Sarah Anne Kirke. In August 1848, he was elected as one of two members for the County of Cumberland in the New South Wales Legislative Council, and so he succeeded his father. At the age of 42, Lawson died near Prospect in 1849.

William Lawson (explorer)
William Lawson, MLC (2 June 1774 – 16 June 1850) was a British soldier, explorer, land owner, grazier and politician. In 1800, he migrated to Sydney, New South Wales, and from 1819, he served as the commandant of the Bathurst, New South Wales region, and from 1843, he served as a member of the New South Wales Parliament.

In 1813, he pioneered the first successful crossing of the Blue Mountains by British colonists, along with Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth, and they discovered inland pastures that fuelled the colony's economic growth thereafter.
Marco Polo (1851 ship)
Marco Polo was a three-masted wooden clipper ship, launched in 1851 at Saint John, New Brunswick. She was named after Venetian traveler Marco Polo. The ship carried emigrants and passengers to Australia and was the first vessel to make the round trip from Liverpool in under six months. Later in her career, the ship was used as a cargo ship before running aground off Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, in 1883.

James Baines & Co.
James Baines & Co. of Liverpool was a British shipping company, most famous for the Liverpool Black Ball Line of Australian Packets, a fleet of packet ships running cargo and passenger services between Liverpool, England, and Australia in the second half of the 1800s. It also traded in India and Crimea.
Trinity plantation
18°21′32″N 76°54′11″W﻿ / ﻿18.359°N 76.903°W﻿ / 18.359; -76.903

Trinity was a plantation in colonial Jamaica, located south of Port Maria, in Saint Mary Parish, one of several plantations owned by Zachary Bayly that formed part of the area known as Bayly's Vale. By the early nineteenth century, over 1,000 people were enslaved there producing mainly sugar and rum for which a mile-long aqueduct was built by Nathaniel Bayly to supply water for the refining process.

In 1760, slaves from Trinity started a rebellion which grew to over 400 slaves, but was put down with troops sent by the Governor.

Port Maria
Port Maria (Jamaican Patois: Puot Mariya) is the capital town of the Jamaican parish of Saint Mary.

Originally named "Puerto Santa Maria", it was the second town established by Spanish settlers in Jamaica. The ruins of Fort Haldane, built 1759, overlook the town.

It has a population of approximately 7,500 people. Notable structures include St Mary's Parish Church, built in 1861, and the St Mary courthouse, a Georgian structure built in 1820 which now houses the Port Maria civic centre. Jamaica's first Prime minister Alexander Bustamante was put on trial for manslaughter with Frank Pixley  at the courthouse in 1947. They were acquitted.

Port Maria is the birthplace of Sports Illustrated model Georgianna Robertson.

As of March 2024, the mayor is Fitzroy Wilson of the People's National Party.

The Jamaica Heritage trail has Fort Haldane, the St. Mary Courthouse and Claude Stuart Park with marked signage.
Remote Initial Program Load
Remote Initial Program Load (RIPL or RPL) is a protocol for starting a computer and loading its operating system from a server via a network. Such a server runs a network operating system such as LAN Manager, LAN Server, Windows NT Server, Novell NetWare, LANtastic, Solaris or Linux.

RIPL is similar to Preboot Execution Environment (PXE), but it uses the Novell NetWare-based boot method. It was originally developed by IBM.

Self-relocation
In computer programming, a self-relocating program is a program that relocates its own address-dependent instructions and data when run, and is therefore capable of being loaded into memory at any address. In many cases, self-relocating code is also a form of self-modifying code.
Sikyátki
Sikyátki is an archeological site and former Hopi village spanning 40,000 to 60,000 square metres (430,000 to 650,000 sq ft) on the eastern side of First Mesa, in what is now Navajo County in the U.S. state of Arizona. The village was inhabited by Kokop (Firewood) clan of the Hopi from the 14th to the 17th century. Jesse Walter Fewkes led a Smithsonian Institution funded excavation of the site in 1895. During the excavations many well-preserved ceramic sherds were found. The designs on the sherds inspired the artist Nampeyo; sparking the Sikyátki revival in polychrome pottery.

Sikyátki means "Yellow House" in the Hopi language. According to oral history, the neighboring village of Wálpi burned Sikyátki and exterminated its residents. The attack was triggered when a Sikyátki villager cut off the head of the sister of a Wálpi man who had offended him.

First Mesa, Arizona
First Mesa (Hopi: Wàlpi) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, on the Hopi Reservation.  As of the 2010 census, the CDP population was 1,555, spread among three Hopi villages atop the 5,700-foot (1,740 m) mesa: Hano (or Tegua, Arizona), Sitsomovi (or Sichomovi), and Waalpi (or Walpi).
Seiji Kameda
Seiji Kameda (亀田 誠治, Kameda Seiji; born June 3, 1964) is a Japanese music producer, arranger and bass guitarist.
He has worked extensively with Ringo Sheena, serving as her producer and touring bassist for many years, including his tenure with their band Tokyo Jihen.

Tokyo Jihen
Tokyo Jihen (東京事変, Tōkyō Jihen), also known as Tokyo Incidents, is a Japanese rock band formed by Ringo Sheena, after leaving her solo career. The band's debut single "Gunjō Biyori" was released in September 2004, and they ended activities in February 2012. The band sold 2.3 million albums, singles, and DVDs. The band reunited and released a new single on January 1, 2020.
Lika cap
The Lika cap (Serbo-Croatian: Lička kapa), also known as kićanka ("tassel") or crvenkapa (lit. "red cap"), is an important cultural symbol of the Lika region in Croatia, part of the Lika national costume traditionally worn by local Croats and Serbs.[a] It is cylinder-shaped, with a flat top in a red colour, black sides, and often with a black tassel in the back.

Lika
Lika (Croatian pronunciation: [lǐːka]) is a traditional region of Croatia proper, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast. On the north-west end Lika is bounded by Ogulin-Plaški basin, and on the south-east by the Malovan pass. Today most of the territory of Lika (Brinje, Donji Lapac, Gospić, Lovinac, Otočac, Perušić, Plitvička Jezera, Udbina and Vrhovine) is part of Lika-Senj County. Josipdol, Plaški and Saborsko are part of Karlovac County and Gračac is part of Zadar County, and it takes up about 12% of Croatia's land area.

Major towns include Gospić, Otočac, and Gračac, most of which are located in the karst poljes of the rivers of Lika, Gacka and others. The Plitvice Lakes National Park and Northern Velebit National Park are also in Lika.
Baulkham Hills High School
Baulkham Hills High School (colloquially known as 'Baulko') is a government-funded academically selective secondary school. It lies within Baulkham Hills in the Hills District of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The school is renowned for its academic achievement and ranked second in the NSW Higher School Certificate in 2016, 2017 and 2020. It also ranked fifth in 2018, ninth in 2019, third in 2021, 2022 and 2023, sixth in 2024, and seventh in 2025. In 2010, the school was ranked the most popular school in NSW for high school applications.

Baulkham Hills
Baulkham Hills (/bɔːlkʌm/) is a suburb in the Hills District of Greater Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located within 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of the Sydney central business district mostly within the local government area of The Hills Shire, of which Baulkham Hills was formerly the administrative seat and namesake of The Hills Shire. A small section of the suburb which is located south of the Hills Motorway-Windsor Road intersection is part of the City of Parramatta.
Retailing in South Africa
Retailing in South Africa is a large, diverse market sector, comprising myriad businesses, ranging in size from independent traders to multinational corporations. In 2024, the retail sector grew for the fourth consecutive year, to reach a value of approximately R1.36 trillion. The year prior, retail was the second-largest employment sector in South Africa, and contributed around 20% towards the country's GDP.

Mr Price Group
Mr Price Group (officially Mr Price Group Limited, sometimes referred to as MRP Group, and stylized in lowercase) is a South African retail group, operating under numerous subsidiaries, across multiple distinct retail categories, with stores in numerous African countries. It is one of South Africa's largest retail groups, by number of stores and annual revenue.

Established in 1985 and headquartered in Durban, the group has 3,100 stores across 10 brands. MRP Group employs over 32,000 people, and is a Level 4 BBBEE contributor.

The company is listed on the JSE Limited, and is the largest apparel and homeware retailer on the FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index, ranking 32nd for market capitalization.
Quantile function
In probability and statistics, a probability distribution's quantile function is the inverse of its cumulative distribution function. That is, the quantile function of a distribution  is the function  such that  for any random variable  and probability .

The quantile function is also called the percentile function (after the percentile), percent-point function, inverse cumulative distribution function or inverse distribution function.

Percentage point
A percentage point or percent point is the description for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). In written text, the unit (the percentage point) is usually either written out, or abbreviated as pp, p.p., or %pt. to avoid confusion with percentage increase or decrease in the actual quantity. After the first occurrence, some writers abbreviate by using just "point" or "points".
Atlantic weasel shark
The Atlantic weasel shark (Paragaleus pectoralis) is a weasel shark of the family Hemigaleidae, found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Also known as the little tiger shark, it is the only species of the genus Paragaleus to have been recorded off the western coast of Africa. It is one of four species of small sharks within the carcharhinoid genus Paragaleus, including Paragaleus leucolomatus (whitetip weasel shark), Paragaleus tengi (straight-tooth weasel shark), and Paragaleus randalli (slender weasel shark). It also one of eight species within the weasel shark family, Hemigaleidae. It is currently considered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as Endangered.

Straight-tooth weasel shark
Sharks portal

The straight-tooth weasel shark, Paragaleus tengi, is a weasel shark of the family Hemigaleidae, found in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. It can reach a length of 88 cm (35 in).

Paragaleus tengi is distinctive for its color and size. Specifically, its solid grey dorsal (upper) color, short snout, and 2–3 rows of lower teeth are a few of the characteristic traits that aid in distinguishing between this species of shark and others, like the Paragaleus pectoralis (White & Harris, 2013).

The reproduction of this shark is viviparous.
Administrative divisions of Sweden
There are several series of subdivisions of Sweden.

Judiciary
Supreme Court (Högsta Domstolen), Supreme Administrative Court (Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen)
Courts of appeal (hovrätter), administrative courts of appeal (kammarrätter) (and historically: lagsagor)
District courts (tingsrätter), county administrative courts (länsrätter)

Central executive
Cabinet of Sweden, Government agencies in Sweden
County administrative boards of Sweden

Local government
Regions of Sweden (regioner) - there are 21
Municipalities of Sweden (kommuner) - there are 290
City districts of Sweden (stadsdelar or stadsdelsnämndsområden)

Ecclesiastically
Church of Sweden
Dioceses (stift)
Kontrakt
Pastorat
Parishes (församlingar)

Historically
Lands of Sweden
Provinces of Sweden
Hundreds of Sweden
Socknar (both parishes and rural municipalities)

Proposed
Regions of Sweden

Socken
Socken (Swedish: [ˈsʊ̌kːɛn] or [ˈsɔ̌kːɛn]) is the name used for a part of a county in Sweden. In Denmark, similar areas are known as sogn, in Norway sokn or sogn and in Finland pitäjä or socken. A socken is a rural area formed around a church, typically in the Middle Ages. A socken originally served as a parish. Later, until the Swedish municipal reforms of 1862, it also served as a civil parish or an administrative parish, and became a predecessor to today's municipalities of Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark. Today it is a traditional area with frozen borders, in Sweden typically identical to those of the early 20th century rural parishes. The socken also served as a registration unit for buildings, in Sweden recently replaced by identical registration districts as registration unit. A socken consists of several villages and industry localities (company towns), and is typically named after the main village and the original church.
Helen Vollam
Helen Vollam (born 7 June 1974) is Principal Trombone for the BBC Symphony Orchestra. In 2004, she was the first woman to be appointed principal trombone in a London orchestra, and the first in a UK orchestra since Maisie Ringham of the Hallé Orchestra in the last century. She joined the trombone quartet, Bones Apart, in 2007, and is also an Associate member of the Chamber Orchestra of Europe.

Bones Apart
Bones Apart is an English all-female trombone quartet. The group formed in 1999 at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. As of 2019, the group includes Becky Smith, Sarah Williams, Jayne Murrill, and Helen Vollam. Former members include Carol Jarvis, Becca Harper, Lorna McDonald, Camilla Tveit and Arlene Macfarlane.
Krish, Trish and Baltiboy
Krish, Trish, and Baltiboy is an Indian animated series produced by Graphiti Multimedia. Created and Directed by Munjal Shroff and Tilak Raj Shetty of Graphiti Studios, the series aims to introduce audiences to various regional art forms, folk tales, and musical traditions. It was first aired in 2009 on Cartoon Network and later at Pogo in India. There are total 8 episodes in the first season of the series. In 2023, the animation was renewed for second season Krish, Trish & Baltiboy: Bharat Hain Hum.

Pogo (TV channel)
Pogo is an Indian pay television channel owned and operated by Warner Bros. Discovery India under its International division, as part of Cartoon Network India as the network's sister channel. It was launched on 1 January 2004. It broadcasts both animated and live action programming.
Fort Karl
Fort Karl is a historic military fort located in Gustavia, the capital of Saint Barthélemy. It was built by the Swedish in 1789 and was named for Karl XIII. Today, the location of the fort's remains is a protected site, managed by the Conservatoire du littoral.

Gustavia
Gustavia (/ˈɡʊstæviə/, French: [ɡystavja], Swedish: [ɡɵˈstɑːvɪa]) is the main town and capital of the island of Saint Barthélemy. Originally called Le Carénage, it was renamed in honor of King Gustav III of Sweden.
Saint Mark's Tower
Saint Mark's Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' San Mark), originally known as Torre del Cortin and also known as Qalet Marku Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Qalet Marku),  is a small watchtower in Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq, limits of Naxxar, Malta. It was completed in 1658 as the third of the De Redin towers. Today, the tower is in good condition.

De Redin towers
The De Redin Towers (Maltese: Torrijiet ta' De Redin) are a series of small coastal watchtowers built in Malta by the Order of Saint John between 1658 and 1659. Thirteen towers were built around the coast of mainland Malta to act as watchtowers. Eight of the towers still survive.

The Mġarr ix-Xini Tower, which was built on Gozo in 1661 after the death of de Redin, has a design similar to the De Redin towers.
Charles Townshend (British Army officer)
Major General Sir Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend, KCB, DSO (21 February 1861 – 18 May 1924) was a British marine and later soldier who led an overreaching military campaign in Mesopotamia during World War I. His troops were besieged and captured at the Siege of Kut (December 1915 – April 1916), which historian Christopher Catherwood called "the worst defeat of the Allies in World War I".

Controversially and in contrast to the miserable captivity endured by his men, Townshend was held on Prinkipo, where he was treated like an esteemed guest until his release in October 1918. He was briefly a Conservative Member of Parliament from 1920 to 1922.

Chitral Expedition
The Chitral Expedition (Urdu:چترال فوجی مہم) was a military expedition in 1895 sent by the British authorities to relieve the fort at Chitral, which was under siege after a local coup following the death of the old ruler. An intervening British force of about 400 men was besieged in the fort until it was relieved by two expeditions, a small one from Gilgit and a larger one from Peshawar.
Kalgoorlie railway station
Kalgoorlie railway station is the easternmost attended station in Western Australia, located at the eastern terminus of the Eastern Goldfields Railway. It serves the city of Kalgoorlie. Beyond Kalgoorlie, the line continues east as the Trans-Australian Railway.

Trans-Australian
The Trans-Australian (originally known as the Trans-Australian Express) was an Australian passenger train operated by the Commonwealth Railways initially between Port Augusta and Kalgoorlie on the Trans-Australian Railway line, and later extended west to Perth, and east to Port Pirie and Adelaide.
Second-generation wavelet transform
In signal processing, the second-generation wavelet transform (SGWT) is a wavelet transform where the filters (or even the represented wavelets) are not designed explicitly, but the transform consists of the application of the Lifting scheme.
Actually, the sequence of lifting steps could be converted to a regular discrete wavelet transform, but this is unnecessary because both design and application is made via the lifting scheme.
This means that they are not designed in the frequency domain, as they are usually in the classical (so to speak first generation) transforms such as the DWT and CWT).
The idea of moving away from the Fourier domain was introduced independently by David Donoho and Harten in the early 1990s.

Lifting scheme
The lifting scheme is a technique for both designing wavelets and performing the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In an implementation, it is often worthwhile to merge these steps and design the wavelet filters while performing the wavelet transform. This is then called the second-generation wavelet transform. The technique was introduced by Wim Sweldens.

The lifting scheme factorizes any discrete wavelet transform with finite filters into a series of elementary convolution operators, so-called lifting steps, which reduces the number of arithmetic operations by nearly a factor two. Treatment of signal boundaries is also simplified.

The discrete wavelet transform applies several filters separately to the same signal. In contrast to that, for the lifting scheme, the signal is divided like a zipper. Then a series of convolution–accumulate operations across the divided signals is applied.
Petit lac Wayagamac
The Petit lac Wayagamac is located in the city of La Tuque, in Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. Until 2006, the territory of this lake was part of the former unorganized territory of Petit-Lac-Wayagamac, before being merged with La Tuque. The territory of the lake is controlled by the Zec de la Bessonne.

Lake Wayagamac
The Wayagamac Lake is located in the city of La Tuque in La Tuque (census division), in Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. Until 2006, the territory of the lake was part of the former unorganized territory of Petit-Lac-Wayagamac (Little Wayagamac Lake), before being merged to the La Tuque. The area of the lake is administered by the Zec de la Bessonne.
Animal research in New Zealand
In New Zealand, animals are used in many situations for research, testing and teaching (RTT).

Animal use in RTT is strictly controlled under the Animal Welfare Act 1999 and organisations using animals must follow an approved code of ethical conduct. This sets out the policies and procedures that need to be adopted and followed by the organisation and its animal ethics committee (AEC). Every project must be approved and monitored by an AEC which includes lay members. The principles of the Three Rs are embodied in the Animal Welfare Act, the operation of all AECs, and all activities that involve the use of animals in research.

Ministry for Primary Industries
The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI; Māori: Manatū Ahu Matua) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with overseeing, managing and regulating the farming, fishing, food, animal welfare, biosecurity, and forestry sectors of New Zealand's primary industries.
10th Indian Division
The 10th Indian Division was an infantry division of the British Indian Army during World War I.  It was formed in Egypt in December 1914 with three infantry brigades of Indian Expeditionary Force F.  After taking part in the Actions on the Suez Canal, the division was dispersed as its brigades were posted away.

It was re-formed in January 1916 as part of the Suez Canal Defences with units and formations in Egypt, but this was short-lived.  It was broken up again on 7 March 1916 as the need to re-form depleted units from France made this plan unrealistic.

The division was commanded throughout its existence by Major-General Alexander Wilson.

31st Indian Brigade
The 31st Indian Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Indian Army that saw active service with the Indian Army during the First World War.  It served in Egypt in 1915 before being broken up in February 1916.
Wayne Horvitz
Wayne Horvitz (born September 1, 1955) is an American composer, keyboardist and record producer. He came to prominence in the Downtown scene of 1980s and '90s New York City, where he met his future wife, the singer, songwriter and pianist Robin Holcomb. He is noted for working with John Zorn's Naked City among others. Horvitz has since relocated to the Seattle, Washington area where he has several ongoing groups and has worked as an adjunct professor of composition at Cornish College of the Arts.

Naked City (band)
Naked City was an avant-garde music group led by saxophonist and composer John Zorn. Active primarily in New York City from 1988 to 1993, Naked City was initiated by Zorn as a "composition workshop" to test the limits of composition (and improvisation) in a traditional rock band lineup. Their music incorporated elements of jazz, surf, progressive rock, classical, heavy metal, grindcore, punk rock, and other genres.