hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Administrative divisions of Brunei
The administrative divisions of Brunei Darussalam mainly consist of daerah (districts), mukim (sub-districts), and kampung or kampong (villages).  They are organised hierarchically in Brunei Darussalam, with daerah being the largest first level, and kampong the smallest third level.

There are also a few municipal (or city) divisions: Bandar Seri Begawan, and a few district towns.  They are considered to be outside the conventional hierarchy of the main administrative division.

All the administrative divisions are under direct governance of the government, through the Ministry of Home Affairs.  Generally, the administrative divisions serve for population census.  The administrative areas have limited to no autonomy, and is more pronounced towards the lowest administrative level.  The major socio-political aspects, such as education and law are centralised and managed through separate government ministries or departments.

Mukims of Brunei
A mukim is a second-level administrative division of Brunei Darussalam, and the primary sub-division of a larger district (daerah).  There are thirty-nine mukims within the four districts of the sultanate Brunei Darussalam.  A mukim is led by a penghulu, since 2015 elected by democratic vote.  A mukim encompasses a number of villages, known in Malay as kampung or kampong.  Mukims are administered by the district office of the district where they are located.
Pleyto, California
Pleyto (Spanish for "Plea") is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located on the San Antonio River 12.5 miles (20 km) southeast of Jolon, at an elevation of 781 feet (238 m).

The town was founded by William Pinkerton in 1868, and named for the Rancho Pleyto Mexican land grant. The Pleito post office operated from 1870 to 1872 and from 1874 to 1876. In 1884, the name was changed from "Pleito" to "Pleyto". The Pleyto post office operated from 1884 to 1925.  The town's original site has been flooded by Lake San Antonio.

Rancho Pleyto
Rancho Pleyto (also called Pleito) was a 13,299-acre (53.82 km2) Mexican land grant in the Santa Lucia Range, in present-day southern Monterey County, California.

It was granted in 1845 by Governor Pío Pico to Antonio Chaves (Chávez).   The grant extended along the San Antonio River southeast of present-day Jolon.  Much of the grant is under water, inundated by the creation of the San Antonio Reservoir.
Poets of the Fall
Poets of the Fall (POTF) is a Finnish rock band from Helsinki. The group consists of Marko Saaresto (lead vocals), Olli Tukiainen (lead guitar), Markus "Captain" Kaarlonen (keyboards, production), Jani Snellman (bass), Jaska Mäkinen (rhythm guitar), and Jari Salminen (drums, percussion).

The band is known for their partnership with video game developers, most notably with Remedy Entertainment, having written songs for Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne (2003), Alan Wake (2010), Alan Wake's American Nightmare (2012), Control (2019), and Alan Wake 2 (2023), the latter four in a much heavier style and under the pseudonym Old Gods of Asgard.

Carnival of Rust
Carnival of Rust is the second album by the Finnish rock band Poets of the Fall. It was released on 12 April 2006 in Finland, 12 September 2006 in Sweden, October 2006 in Australia, Russia and Ukraine, then on 20 April 2007 in Germany. The album went straight to the top of the Finnish Top 40 album chart and stayed inside the Top 40 for 26 weeks.

The album went straight to the top on Finnish radio channel YleX due to fan votes and was recognized as "Album of the Week" after remaining number one for three weeks straight. It was certified gold in Finland three weeks after being released and has sold platinum. On 17 December 2006 it was announced that the album is featured in Helsingin Sanomat's "Best albums of 2006" article.
Manitoba Opera
Manitoba Opera is a full-time professional opera company in Winnipeg, Manitoba, based at the Centennial Concert Hall.

Founded in 1969, Manitoba Opera is one of several western Canadian opera companies that flourished under the so-called "father of opera in Western Canada," Irving Guttman.

Live music for Manitoba Opera productions is provided by the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra.

The Opera also serves northwestern Ontario, Saskatchewan, and the Dakotas in the US.

Centennial Concert Hall
Centennial Concert Hall is a 2,305-seat performing arts centre located at 555 Main Street in downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, as part of the Manitoba Centennial Centre. The concert hall opened on March 25, 1968.

It is the performing home of the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra (WSO), the Royal Winnipeg Ballet, as well as the Manitoba Opera.
Caesius Nasica
Caesius Nasica was a Roman military officer of the Roman Imperial army.

He commanded Legio IX Hispana in Britain, and defeated the first revolt of Venutius of the Brigantes during the governorship of Aulus Didius Gallus (52 to 57).

He may have been the elder brother of Quintus Petillius Cerialis.

Aulus Didius Gallus
Aulus Didius Gallus was a member of the Roman Senate and general active during the 1st century AD. He held a number of offices and imperial appointments, the most important of which were governor of Britain between 52 and 57 AD, proconsul of Asia, and suffect consul in the nundinium of September to December 39 as the colleague of Domitius Afer.
Fonds commun de placement
Fonds commun de placement (FCPs) translates to "investment funds" or "mutual funds", and are open-ended collective investment funds. The legal structure is neither a trust or a company and are more like an open ended partnership. They are similar to common contractual funds in Ireland, tax transparent funds in the UK and fondsen voor gemene rekening in the Netherlands.

In France, FCPs are collective investments that are similar to a SICAV. They are not investment companies. They have no independent legal status but exist as a set of defined relationships between investors, managers and custodians. They invest in different financial instruments, but they do not have the tax status of a SICAV.

They are typically issued in the French-speaking countries of Europe.

Tax transparent fund
A tax transparent fund (TTF) - also known as an authorised contractual scheme fund - is the proposed authorised collective investment scheme structure in the United Kingdom once the UK Finance Bill 2012 becomes an act and when the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and the Corporation Tax Act 2010 are amended, sometime mid-2012. TTFs will then have the option to be based in the UK rather than in competing European domiciles.  
Both Luxembourg and Ireland have already introduced such structures, formally known as the Fond commun de placement (FCP) and the Common contractual fund (CCF).
Rodgers Tavern
Rodgers Tavern, also known as Stevenson's Tavern, is a historic hotel located at Perryville, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is a mid-18th-century, two-story stone structure with a basement. All rooms have corner fireplaces. It was frequently visited by George Washington between the years 1755 and 1798, when it was owned and operated as an inn and tavern by Colonel John Rodgers (1728–1791).  He was the father of John Rodgers (1772–1838), U.S. naval officer.  During the 1880s the house was divided into two halves, east and west.

Rodgers Tavern was listed on the National Register of Historic Places during 1972.

Perryville, Maryland
Perryville is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, Perryville had a population of 4,391. The town is located near an exit for Interstate 95, on the north side of the outlet of the Susquehanna River.
Cephalotus
Cephalotus (/ˌsɛfəˈloʊtəs/ or /ˌkɛfəˈloʊtəs/; Greek: κεφαλή "head", and οὔς/ὠτός "ear", to describe the head of the anthers) is a genus which contains one species,  Cephalotus follicularis the Albany pitcher plant, a small carnivorous pitcher plant. The pit-fall traps of the modified leaves have inspired the common names for this plant, which also include Western Australian pitcher plant, Australian pitcher plant, or fly-catcher plant. It is an evergreen herb that is endemic to peaty swamps in the southwestern corner of Western Australia. As with the unrelated Nepenthes, it catches its victims with pitfall traps.

Micropezidae
The Micropezidae are a moderate-sized family of acalyptrate muscoid flies in the insect order Diptera, comprising about 500 species in about 50 genera and five subfamilies worldwide, (except New Zealand and Macquarie Island). They are most diverse in tropical and subtropical habitats, especially in the Neotropical Region.

Insects in this family are commonly called stilt-legged flies, after their characteristically long legs. The fore legs are markedly smaller than the other pairs. Mostly, they are long-bodied, often black flies, usually with infuscated (darkened) wings. Wings are reduced in the genera Calycopteryx and entirely absent in the ant-like Badisis ambulans.
American League Central
The American League Central is one of Major League Baseball's six divisions. This division was formed in the realignment of 1994 by moving three teams from the American League West and two teams from the American League East. Its teams are all located in the Midwestern United States. Along with the National League East, the AL Central is one of two divisions in the Major Leagues in which all of its members have won a World Series title. In fact, each team has captured at least two World Series championships. The Kansas City Royals were the most recent team from the division to win the World Series.

2008 American League Central tie-breaker game
The 2008 American League Central tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2008 regular season, played between the Chicago White Sox and Minnesota Twins to determine the champion of the American League's (AL) Central Division. It was played at U.S. Cellular Field in Chicago, Illinois, on September 30, 2008. The White Sox won the game, 1–0, on a home run by Jim Thome, the lowest-scoring game in MLB tie-breaker history. The Sox advanced to the 2008 AL Division Series, where they lost to the Tampa Bay Rays, 3 games to 1; the Twins failed to qualify for the postseason.

The game was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 88–74. The White Sox won a coin flip late in the season which, by rule, awarded them home field in the game. The tie-breaker counted as the 163rd regular season game by both teams, with all events in the game added to regular season statistics.
Jarosewichite
Jarosewichite is a rare manganese arsenate mineral with formula: Mn2+3Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)6.  It was first described in Franklin, New Jersey which is its only reported occurrence. Its chemical composition and structure are similar to chlorophoenicite. This mineral is orthorhombic with 2/m2/m2/m point group. Its crystals are prismatic or barrel-shaped. The color of jarosewichite is dark red to black. It has subvitreous luster of fracture surfaces and reddish-orange streak. This mineral occurs with flinkite, franklinite, andradite and cahnite.

Arsenate mineral
Arsenate minerals usually refer to the naturally occurring orthoarsenates, possessing the (AsO4)3− anion group and, more rarely, other arsenates with anions like AsO3(OH)2− (also written HAsO42−) (example: pharmacolite Ca(AsO3OH).2H2O) or (very rarely) [AsO2(OH)2]− (example: andyrobertsite). Arsenite minerals are much less common. Both the Dana and the Strunz mineral classifications place the arsenates in with the phosphate minerals.

Example arsenate minerals include:

Annabergite Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O

Austinite CaZn(AsO4)(OH)

Clinoclase Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3

Conichalcite CaCu(AsO4)(OH)

Cornubite Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4

Cornwallite Cu2+5(AsO4)2(OH)2

Erythrite Co3(AsO4)2·8H2O

Mimetite Pb5(AsO4)3Cl

Olivenite Cu2(AsO4)OH
U.S. Route 212
U.S. Route 212 (US 212) is a spur of US 12. It runs for 949 miles (1,527 km) from Yellowstone National Park to Minnesota Highway 62 at Edina, Minnesota. It does not intersect US 12 now, but it once had an eastern terminus at US 12 in St. Paul, Minnesota. US 212 passes through the states of Minnesota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. It goes through the cities of Watertown, South Dakota and Billings, Montana.

Laurel, Montana
Laurel is a city in Yellowstone County, Montana, United States and the third largest community in the Billings Metropolitan Statistical Area. Laurel is located in the Yellowstone Valley as an east–west terminal division point of the BNSF Railway. The population was 7,222 at the 2020 census.

Laurel is home to a Cenex Harvest States oil refinery and BNSF's Laurel Yard, the largest rail yard between St. Paul, Minnesota and Pasco, Washington.
Pentacarbon dioxide
Pentacarbon dioxide, officially penta-1,2,3,4-tetraene-1,5-dione, is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon) with formula C5O2 or O=C=C=C=C=C=O.

The compound was described in 1988 by Günter Maier and others, who obtained it by pyrolysis of 2,4,6-tris(diazo)cyclohexane-1,3,5-trione (C6N6O3).: 97  Diazo transfer can produce the latter compound from phloroglucinol.  It is stable at room temperature in solution. The pure compound is stable up to −90 °C, at which point it polymerizes.: 100

Oxocarbon
In chemistry, an oxocarbon or oxide of carbon is a chemical compound consisting only of carbon and oxygen. The simplest and most common oxocarbons are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Many other stable (practically if not thermodynamically) or metastable oxides of carbon are known, but they are rarely encountered, such as carbon suboxide (C3O2 or O=C=C=C=O) and mellitic anhydride (C12O9).

Many other oxides are known today, most of them synthesized since the 1960s. Some of these new oxides are stable at room temperature. Some are metastable or stable only at very low temperatures, but decompose to simpler oxocarbons when warmed.  Many are inherently unstable and can be observed only momentarily as intermediates in chemical reactions or are so reactive that they exist only in gas phase or have only been detected by matrix isolation.

Graphene oxide and other stable polymeric carbon oxides with unbounded molecular structures exist.
John Postgate (microbiologist)
John Raymond Postgate FRS (24 June 1922 – 22 October 2014) was an English microbiologist and writer, latterly Professor Emeritus of Microbiology at the University of Sussex.   Postgate's research in microbiology investigated nitrogen fixation, microbial survival, and sulphate-reducing bacteria. He worked for the Agricultural Research Council's Unit of Nitrogen Fixation from 1963 until he retired, by then its director, in 1987. In 2011, he was described as a "father figure of British microbiology".

His admired popularizing book on microbes in human culture, Microbes and Man, first published in 1969, remains in print.

Raymond Postgate
Raymond William Postgate (6 November 1896 – 29 March 1971) was an English socialist, writer, journalist and editor, social historian, mystery novelist, and gourmet who founded the Good Food Guide.  He was a member of the Postgate family.
Rhinotropis
Rhinotropis is a small genus in the family Polygalaceae. It was separated as a genus from Polygala by J. Richard Abbott in 2011. It is native to the south and west of the United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and Utah) and to Mexico.

Polygalaceae
The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ca. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one genus, Polygala, the milkworts.

The family was first described in 1809 by Johann Hoffmansegg and Johann Link. In 1896, Robert Chodat split it into three tribes. A fourth tribe was split off from the tribe Polygaleae in 1992.  Under the Cronquist classification system, Polygalaceae were treated in a separate order of their own, Polygalales. Currently, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, the family belongs in Fabales.
Arnold, Nottinghamshire
Arnold (/ˈɑːr.nəld/) is a market town in the Borough of Gedling in the county of Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands of England. It is situated to the north-east of Nottingham's city boundary. Arnold has the largest town Centre in the Borough of Gedling and the most important town Centre in the northeastern part of the conurbation of Greater Nottingham. Gedling Borough Council is headquartered in Arnold. Since 1968 Arnold has had a market, and the town used to have numerous factories associated with the hosiery industry. Nottinghamshire Police have been headquartered in Arnold since 1979. At the time of the 2011 United Kingdom census, Arnold had a population of 37,768.

Areas within Arnold include Daybrook, Woodthorpe, Redhill, Warren Hill, Killisick and Dorket Head.

Warren Hill, Nottinghamshire
Warren Hill is an area within the market town of Arnold in the English ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire. Located in the civil parish of St. Albans, it is in the local government district of Gedling. The area is roughly 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from Arnold town centre and about 4 miles (6 km) from Nottingham. The surrounding areas include Top Valley to the south, Rise Park to the west, Arnold and the suburb of Redhill to the east and Bestwood Country Park and Bestwood Village to the north. Most of the area consists of newly built housing estates with mainly 3-4 bedroom semi-detached houses as well as some newly built terraced housing and bungalows.
Promontorium Agassiz
Promontorium Agassiz is a mountainous cape situated on the northeast margin of Mare Imbrium on the near side of the Moon.  Its selenographic coordinates are 42.4° N, 1.77° E.  It is located south of Promontorium Deville and Mons Blanc, northeast of Mons Piton, and northwest of Cassini crater.

Promontorium Agassiz is named after Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz, a Swiss zoologist and geologist. The name of the feature was approved by the IAU in 1935.

Promontorium Deville
Promontorium Deville is a mountainous cape situated on the northeast margin of Mare Imbrium on the near side of the Moon.  Its selenographic coordinates are 43.31° N, 1.14° E.  It is located north of Promontorium Agassiz, south of Mont Blanc, northeast of Mons Piton, and northwest of Cassini crater.

Promontorium Deville is named after Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville, a French meteorologist and geologist.  The name of the feature was approved by the IAU in 1935.
Reindeer herding
Reindeer herding is when reindeer are herded by people in a limited area. Currently, reindeer are the only semi-domesticated animal which naturally belong to the North. Reindeer herding is conducted in nine countries: Norway, Finland, Sweden, Russia, Greenland, the United States (Alaska), Mongolia, China and Canada. A small herd is also maintained in Scotland's Cairngorms National Park.

Reindeer herding is conducted by individuals within some kind of cooperation, in forms such as families, districts, Sámi and Yakut villages and sovkhozy (collective farms). A person who conducts reindeer herding is called a reindeer herder and approximately 100,000 people are engaged in reindeer herding today around the circumpolar North.

Tofalar
The Tofalar (also Karagas or Tofa; Тофалары, тофа (tofa) in Russian) people are a Turkic people who live in Tofalariya, in the southwestern part of Nizhneudinsky District, Irkutsk Oblast of Russia. The Tofalar population is highly mixed with Russians due to the presence of Russian settlers and high rates of intermarriage.

Prior to Soviet rule, the Tofalar led a nomadic lifestyle in the taiga, engaging in reindeer husbandry and hunting. Afterwards, they were resettled by the Soviet government and forced to adopt sedentarism and were discouraged from practicing hunting and shamanism. According to the 2010 census, there were 762 Tofalar in Russia.
Mandera County
Mandera County is a county in northeastern Kenya, bordering Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the east, and Wajir County to the south.  It is predominantly home to the Somali community, with a population of about 983,000 (2024)-(nullified), making it the 28th largest county in Kenya by population. Covering an area of approximately 25,797 square kilometers, Mandera County features natural landscapes, including the Dawa River and vast deserts.

The primary economic activities include pastoralism and agriculture, with a focus on livestock. 
The capital and largest town is Mandera.

Mandera East Constituency
Mandera East Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies in Mandera County. The constituency was established for the 1966 elections. The constituency is settled largely by the Garre and Murulle community.
Alston, Suffolk
Alston was a medieval parish in the county of Suffolk. Without enough people to ensure its survival, the parish was consolidated with that of Trimley St Martin as early as 1362, according to John Blatchly in the 1975 revision of the 1937 book Suffolk Churches and Their Treasures by diocesan architect Henry Munro Cautley (1875-1959). The group of houses now called Trimley Street was in the parish of Alston. The parish included the still-surviving Grimston Hall, as well as the church St. John the Baptist, which was demolished before the Reformation. At the end of Trimley Street today there are two cottages to the right, and in the field to the left, the church St. John the Baptist stood. Alston was recorded in the Domesday Book as Alteinestuna.

In 1418 a labourer John Tabour alias Cavenham broke into the rectory and murdered the parson of Alston, John Sexteyn.

Trimley St Martin
Trimley St. Martin is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It lies between the rivers Orwell and the Deben, on the long narrow tongue of land from Ipswich to Felixstowe referred to as the Colneis Hundred. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1942.

The village, and its neighbour Trimley St. Mary, are famous for their adjacent churches, which were built as the result of a historical family feud. St. Martin's church is the northerly church (at grid reference TM 276 370).
Paul Thomas (director)
Philip Charles Toubus (April 17, 1949 – June 10, 2025), known professionally as Paul Thomas, was an American pornographic film actor and director. He was a member of the AVN Hall of Fame and the XRCO Hall of Fame.

Adult Film Association of America
The Adult Film Association of America (AFAA) was the first American association of pornographic film producers. It fought against censorship laws, attempted to defend the industry against prosecution for obscenity, and held an annual adult film awards ceremony. Founded in 1969, it continued separate operation until 1992 when it merged with Free Speech Legal Defense Fund. The organization was also host to the Erotic Film Awards which were held from 1977 until 1986.
Pontificalis Domus
Pontificalis Domus (English: The Papal Household) was a motu proprio document issued by Pope Paul VI on 28 March 1968, in the fifth year of his pontificate. It reorganized the Papal Household, which had been known until then as the Papal Court.

Papal household
The papal household or pontifical household (usually not capitalized in the media and other nonofficial use, Latin: Pontificalis Domus), called until 1968 the Papal Court (Aula Pontificia), consists of dignitaries who assist the pope in carrying out particular ceremonies of either a religious or a civil character.

It is organised into two bodies: the Papal Chapel (Cappella Pontificia), which assists the pope in his functions as the spiritual head of the church, especially in religious ceremonies; and the Papal Family or Household (Familia Pontificia), which assists him as head of a juridical body with civil functions.