hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eco-terrorism
Eco-terrorism is an act of violence which is committed in support of environmental causes, against people or property.

Eco-terrorism is a form of radical environmentalism that arose out of the same school of thought that brought about deep ecology, ecofeminism, social ecology, and bioregionalism.

Edward Abbey
Edward Paul Abbey (January 29, 1927 – March 14, 1989) was an American author and essayist noted for his advocacy of environmental issues, criticism of public land policies, and anarchist political views. His best-known works include the novel The Monkey Wrench Gang, which has been cited as an inspiration by radical environmental groups, and the non-fiction work Desert Solitaire.
Anne E. McCall
Anne McCall is an academic administrator and literary scholar who currently serves as the College of Wooster's 13th president. She is the former senior vice president for academic affairs and provost at Xavier University of Louisiana. She was also an associate dean at Tulane University. McCall's research focuses on nineteenth-century French literature, with a specialization in the works of author George Sand. McCall took office in July 2023 as the 13th president of the College of Wooster.

College of Wooster
The College of Wooster is a private liberal arts college in Wooster, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1866 by the Presbyterian Church as the University of Wooster, it has been officially non-sectarian since 1969. From its creation, the college has been a co-educational institution. It enrolls about 1,900 students and is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio, Great Lakes Colleges Association, and Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities.
Serhat Baran
Serhat Baran is a Kurdish ethno-rock musician.

Baran was member of famous Kurdish ethno-rock band Koma Denge Azadi. He is a singer, composer and writes his own lyrics. In 1994 and 1998 he released two albums with this band ("Welate Min/Roj we be", 1994 and "Fedi", 1998), which sold over 200 thousand copies. With this Band he gave numerous concerts in Turkey, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands and United Kingdoms. The music style of Koma Denge Azadi contains elements of traditional Kurdish music, rock, jazz and Anatolian rock.

Since 2003 he lives in Germany.

Koma Dengê Azadî
Koma Dengê Azadî (Voice of Liberty), formed in Istanbul in 1990, was one of the most popular and longest-running Kurdish bands in Turkey. Like other Kurdish bands of the 90's, Koma Dengê Azadî adopted a style which was completely new for the Kurdish music scene, reinterpreting  traditional Kurdish Music in a modern form with particular appeal to a young generation of urban Kurds and Turks. They also performed Kurdish translations of international songs such as "Bella Ciao".

Between 1991 and 1998, Koma Dengê Azadî has released four albums, all of which were at one point banned by the state. Despite the bans several hundred thousand copies of the albums were sold. Despite many of their concerts being banned in Turkey, they remained popular there and also gave numerous concerts in Germany, Belgium, Netherlands and United Kingdom.
2022–23 Djibouti Premier League
The 2022–23 Djibouti Premier League was the 36th season of the Djibouti Premier League, the top-tier football league in Djibouti. The season began on 18 October 2022 and ended on 27 May 2023. The 20,000-capacity El Hadj Hassan Gouled Aptidon Stadium is the main venue for the league. League games usually take place in front of dozens of spectators.

Garde Républicaine won the title on the last day, defeating Arta/Solar7 4–2 to finish on 39 points.

Djibouti Premier League
The Djibouti Premier League is the highest division in association football in Djibouti. It was formed in 1987. ASAS Djibouti Télécom is the most successful club in the Djibouti Premier League, having won a total of 7 championships.
The Bloomfields
The Bloomfields were an English rock band formed in 1970 by Maurice Gibb, Billy Lawrie and Johnny Harris.

During the 1969–1970 split among the three Gibb brothers (Barry, Robin and Maurice), which temporarily broke up the Bee Gees, Maurice worked on a number of solo projects, Billy Lawrie is the brother of Scottish singer Lulu. The band recorded a new short version of "The Loner" and was released as a single originally recorded by Maurice on his first solo album The Loner, for use as the main title of a film called Bloomfield. The single's B-side was "Homing in on the Next Trade Wind"; the song was performed by the Heads, Hands and Feet (Johnny Harris was also member of that band). The Bloomfields recorded another two songs for the film included: "Men of Men" and "Ballet of Freedom" both songs recorded in Nova Sound Studios, London and was not released. They only released one single and they disbanded also in that year.

The Loner (Maurice Gibb album)
The Loner is an album recorded in late 1969 by Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees. An album master was compiled on 14 November 1970, but to date The Loner remains unreleased. Bootleg releases with the same title collect additional recordings unrelated to this album.
U.S. Route 19 in North Carolina
U.S. Highway 19 (US 19) traverses 145 miles (233 km) across Western North Carolina; from the Georgia state line, at the community of Bellview, to Cane River, where US 19 splits into US 19E and US 19W, which take separate routes into Tennessee.

Maggie Valley, North Carolina
Maggie Valley is a town in Haywood County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,687 at the 2020 census. A popular tourist destination, it is home to Cataloochee Ski Area and the former Ghost Town in the Sky amusement park. Maggie Valley is part of the Asheville metropolitan area.

The community gets its name from Maggie Mae Setzer; her father John "Uncle Jack" Sidney Setzer founded the area's first post office and named it after one of his daughters.
I'm Gonna Make You Love Me
"I'm Gonna Make You Love Me" is a soul song most popularly released as a joint single performed by Diana Ross & the Supremes and the Temptations for the Motown label.  This version peaked for two weeks at No. 2 on the Hot 100 in the United States, selling 900,000 copies in its first two weeks, and at No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart in January 1969.

Written by Gamble and Huff and Jerry Ross, it was originally a top 20 R&B hit for Dee Dee Warwick in 1966 (U.S. No. 88 Pop). Madeline Bell's cover peaked at No. 26 on the Hot 100 on 23 March 1968.

Otis Williams
Otis Williams (born Otis Miles Jr.; October 30, 1941) is an American second tenor/baritone singer. He is occasionally also a songwriter and a record producer. Williams is the founder and last surviving original member of the Motown vocal group the Temptations, a group in which he continues to perform; he also owns the rights to the Temptations name.
National Sports Centre (Isle of Man)
The National Sports Centre (also known as NSC) in Douglas, Isle of Man is a large multi-sports centre and athletics stadium. The NSC is owned by the Department of Education, Sport and Culture of the Isle of Man Government and operated by the Manx Sport & Recreation.

Douglas, Isle of Man
Douglas (Manx: Doolish, pronounced [ˈdðuːlʲəʃ]) is the capital city and largest settlement of the Isle of Man, with a population of 26,677 (2021) and an area of 4.1 square miles (10.5 km2). It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, and on a sweeping bay of two miles (three kilometres). The River Douglas forms part of the city's harbour and main commercial port.

Douglas was a small settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of Liverpool in the 18th century. Further population growth came in the following century, resulting during the 1860s in a staged transfer of the High Courts, the Lieutenant Governor's residence (actually located in nearby Onchan), and finally the seat of the legislature, Tynwald, to Douglas from the ancient capital, Castletown.

The city is the island's main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, and entertainment. The annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas.
Mapleville, North Carolina
36°04′36″N 78°13′38″W﻿ / ﻿36.07667°N 78.22722°W﻿ / 36.07667; -78.22722
Mapleville is an unincorporated community in east central Franklin County, North Carolina, United States.

It is located east of Louisburg, at an elevation of 325 feet (99 m). The primary cross roads where the community is located are N.C. Highway 56, N.C. Highway 581 and Strange Road (SR 1422).

Franklin County, North Carolina
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,573. Its county seat is Louisburg. Franklin County is included in the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Janusz Nasfeter
Janusz Nasfeter (15 August 1920 in Warsaw – 1 April 1998 in Warsaw) was a Polish film director, screenwriter and writer. A graduate of the National Film School in Łódź (1951). Mostly known for films addressed to children but with a universal meaning, for which he received numerous awards at the film festivals in Gdańsk, San Sebastián, Moscow, Belgrade, Venice, Tehran and many others

In the 1960s,  he succeeded also in making a war film Ranny w lesie (1964), a psychological war drama Weekend z dziewczyną (1968), as well as a crime film Zbrodniarz i panna (1963) with Zbigniew Cybulski and Niekochana (1966) with Elżbieta Czyżewska.

Nasfeter was originally buried at the Służew Old Cemetery, but his remains were moved to a family grave in the Powązki Cemetery in 2018.

Elżbieta Czyżewska
Elżbieta Justyna Czyżewska (May 14, 1938 – June 17, 2010) was a Polish actress active in both Poland and the United States. She began her career in Poland and then moved to New York City in the 1960s.

She gained critical acclaim in the early 1960s that culminated in breakthrough performances in The Saragossa Manuscript (1964, dir. Wojciech Jerzy Has), Marriage of Convenience (1966, dir. Stanisław Bareja) and Everything for Sale (1969, dir. Andrzej Wajda). Czyżewska received the Obie Award for Distinguished Performance by an Actress in 1990 for Crowbar.
Rapeman
Rapeman was an American noise rock band founded in 1987 and disbanded in 1989. It consisted of Steve Albini (formerly of Big Black) on guitar and vocals, David Wm. Sims (formerly of Scratch Acid) on bass and Rey Washam (formerly of Scratch Acid and Big Boys) on drums. In the years since their brief tenure, Rapeman’s sound has also been described as post-hardcore.

Rapeman were formed as a parallel sister project to the Jesus Lizard, although the latter outlasted Rapeman by several years.

Noise rock
Noise rock is a subgenre of rock music that originally emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Artists fuse rock music to noise, while utilizing extreme levels of guitar distortion and feedback, primarily through the use of electric guitars.
Battle of Sidi Bou Othman
31°54′12″N 7°56′32″W﻿ / ﻿31.9033°N 7.94222°W﻿ / 31.9033; -7.94222

The Battle of Sidi Bou Othman (6 September 1912) was an important battle fought at Sidi Bou Othman, some 40 kilometers north of Marrakesh, during the French conquest of Morocco.  It saw the victory of a French column under Colonel Charles Mangin over the forces of the south Moroccan leader Ahmed al-Hiba in September 1912. As a result of the victory, the French captured the city of Marrakesh and annexed southern Morocco into the French protectorate of Morocco. The conquest was facilitated by the defection of the great qaids of the south, notably the El Glaoui brothers.

French conquest of Morocco
The French conquest of Morocco began with the French Republic occupying the city of Oujda on 29 March 1907. The French launched campaigns against the Sultanate of Morocco which culminated in the signing of the Treaty of Fes and establishment of the French Protectorate in Morocco on 30 March 1912. France later concluded, on 27 November, the Treaty of Madrid with the Kingdom of Spain which established the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. The French still conducted a series of military operations to pacify rebellions in Morocco until 1934.
Elliott School of International Affairs
The Elliott School of International Affairs (known as the Elliott School or ESIA) is the professional school of international relations, foreign policy, and international development of the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. It is the largest school of international relations in the United States.

The Elliott School is located across from the U.S. State Department and the Organization of American States, and closely to the White House, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. It hosts the Institute for International Economic Policy and The Project on Forward Engagement.

Elliott School alumni and faculty have included ambassadors, diplomats, politicians, and public figures, including heads of state and government, U.S. senators, prominent politicians, NATO officials, U.N. ambassadors, and foreign ministers. Since January 2021, Alyssa Ayres has served as dean, the first woman to hold the post.

Ciarán Devane
Sir Ciarán Gearoid Devane FRSA (born 25 October 1962) is the executive director of the Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations (CTPSR) and associate pro-vice-chancellor for international relations at Coventry University (appointed April 2021). Previously he was chief executive of the British Council (appointed January 2015). He is also chairperson of the Health Service Executive.
Derby Records
Derby Records was an independent record label founded by Larry Newton in 1949.

The label's logo featured a Derby hat. First headquartered in New York City, it moved to Los Angeles shortly before going out of business in 1964. The label offered selections in various styles of pop music of the era, including jazz, rhythm and blues, and Western swing.

Derby recording artists included singer Mel Carter, saxophonist Freddie Mitchell, singer and session artist Billy Preston, and Vann "Piano Man" Walls. Singer Jaye P. Morgan made her recording debut for Derby in 1950. Sunny Gale had a hit for Derby in 1952 with "Wheel of Fortune", which reached No. 13 and sold c. 50,000 copies.

Vann "Piano Man" Walls
Vann "Piano Man" Walls (born Harry Eugene Vann, 24 August 1918 – 24 February 1999) was an American rhythm and blues piano player, songwriter, studio musician and professional recording artist. He was a long-standing session player for Atlantic Records, appearing on hits by artists including Big Joe Turner, Ruth Brown and The Clovers. Walls performed under a number of different names and is variously credited as Van Walls, Harry Van Walls and Captain Van. He led the Harry Van Walls Orchestra and also performed with Doc Starkes and His Nite Riders and as Le Capitaine Van.
James McLamore
James Whitman McLamore (May 30, 1926 – August 8, 1996)  was an American entrepreneur, the founder and first CEO of the Burger King fast food franchise, along with David Edgerton. He also created the Whopper sandwich. After selling Burger King to the Pillsbury Company in 1967, he remained CEO for five years. After retiring, he was on the board of several large corporations, was chairman of the University of Miami, chaired the United Way and was a member and chairman of the Orange Bowl Committee.

McLamore invested in the Miami Dolphins for several years and reinvested in the educational institutions that impacted him at Northfield Mount Hermon and Cornell University. He was also a gardener, and chairman at Fairchild Tropical Gardens.

Whopper
The Whopper is the signature hamburger brand of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King, its Australian franchise Hungry Jack's, and BK Whopper Bar kiosks. Introduced in 1957 in response to the large burger size of a local restaurant in Gainesville, Florida, it became central to Burger King's advertising, including the chain's tagline "the Home of the Whopper." Burger King's competitors began releasing similar products in the 1970s designed to compete against it.

The hamburger has undergone several reformulations, including changes to portion size and the bread used. Burger King sells several variants that are either limited-time seasonal promotions or tailored to regional tastes and customs. A smaller version called the Whopper Jr. was introduced in 1963.
1996 Palestinian general election
General elections were held for the first time in the Palestinian territories on 20 January 1996 to elect the President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and members of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), the legislative arm of the PNA. They took place in the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. A new government was formed following the elections, headed by President Yasser Arafat.

Second Arafat Government
The Palestinian Authority Government of 1996 was a government of the Palestinian National Authority (PA) formed following the first general elections held on 20 January 1996 in the Palestinian territories after the conclusion of the Oslo Accords in 1993. The general election was for the President of the PA and for members of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). The Government was headed by Chairman of the PLO, Yasser Arafat, and functioned in varying forms until the appointment of the Abbas Government on 29 April 2003. The Government was approved by the PLC, but there were no rules as to the term of the Government. Ministers were just appointed and dismissed by Arafat.

The government was chosen and appointed by PA President Arafat, and Arafat also presided at meetings of the "Council of Ministers".
Komla Agbeli Gbedemah
Komla Agbeli Gbedemah (17 June 1913 – 11 July 1998) was a Ghanaian politician and Minister for Finance in Ghana's Nkrumah government between 1954 and 1961. Known popularly as "Afro Gbede", he was an indigene of Anyako in the Volta Region of Ghana.

Anyako
Anyako is a town in the Volta Region of Ghana. It is bordered at the south by the Keta Lagoon.  The inhabitants of the town mainly belong to the Ewe tribe. Tracing its establishment to a settlement founded by the Anlos during the migration from Notsie in present-day Togo. The town is the birthplace of Ghanaian-American artist El Anatsui. The town has had little to no growth over the past thirty years due to sea erosion which affected commercial activities.
Richie Poulsen
Richie Dudley Poulsen (born 27 October 1962) is an Australian former rugby league player.

Originally from Casino, New South Wales, Poulsen was a front rower and left for the Redcliffe Dolphins at the age of 18 to play under Arthur Beetson. He toured Papua New Guinea with Queensland in 1983 and was a member of the Brisbane representative team which won the 1984 National Panasonic Cup.

Poulsen joined Manly Warringah in 1985 and was a regular first grade player for his first two seasons. He featured in Manly's 1988 reserves premiership–winning team. In 1989, Poulsen moved onto the Gold Coast Giants, but suffered an achilles injury towards the end of the season which ended his NSWRL career.

1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England
The 1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England was a tour that took place in two parts. In June 1983 the Queensland team took in a one-week tour of Papua New Guinea, then following the end of the 1983 Brisbane Rugby League season, the team embarked on a 3-game, 2 week tour of England in October.
Palazzo della Cancelleria
The Palazzo della Cancelleria (Palace of the Chancellery, referring to the former Apostolic Chancery of the Pope) is a Renaissance palace in Rome, Italy, situated between the present Corso Vittorio Emanuele II and the Campo de' Fiori, in the rione of Parione. It was built 1489–1513 by Baccio Pontelli and Antonio da Sangallo the Elder as a palace for Raffaele Cardinal Riario, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, and is regarded as the earliest Renaissance palace in Rome.

The Palazzo houses the institutions of justice of the Roman Curia, is an extraterritorial property of the Holy See, and is designated as a World Heritage Site.

Properties of the Holy See
The properties of the Holy See are regulated by the 1929 Lateran Treaty signed with the Kingdom of Italy. Although part of Italian territory, some of them enjoy extraterritoriality similar to those of foreign embassies, including tax exemptions. Nonetheless, those visiting these properties are generally required to follow the immigration rules of Italy. For example, American seminarians at the Pontifical North American College need an Italian visa, despite residing, and studying, in extraterritorial property of the Holy See.
Kurt Lehovec
Kurt Lehovec (12 June 1918 – 17 February 2012) was a Czech-American physicist. He one of the pioneers of the integrated circuit. While also pioneering the photo-voltaic effect, light-emitting diodes and lithium batteries, he innovated the concept of p-n junction isolation used in every circuit element with a guard ring: a reverse-biased p-n junction surrounding the planar periphery of that element. This patent was assigned to Sprague Electric.

Because Lehovec was under salary with Sprague, he was paid only one dollar for this invention.

Lehovec is also credited with discovering fast ion conductivity, and the invention of colored LEDs.

P–n junction isolation
p–n junction isolation is a method used to electrically isolate electronic components, such as transistors, on an integrated circuit (IC) by surrounding the components with reverse biased p–n junctions.
CAL Spora Luxembourg
CAL Spora Luxembourg, abbreviated to CSL, is an amateur athletics club in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.  It is the only club in Luxembourg City, and is the largest club in the country, with around 400 members.  CSL is affiliated to the Luxembourg Athletics Federation and the Luxembourg Triathlon Federation: the respective governing bodies for athletics and triathlon.
The club is based at Stade Josy Barthel, in the Rollingergrund-North Belair quarter of north-western Luxembourg City.  CSL was formed in 2000 by the fusion of two previous clubs: Cercle d'Athlétisme Luxembourg (CAL) and Spora Club Luxembourg.

Stade Josy Barthel
The Stade Josy Barthel is the former national stadium of Luxembourg, and the former home of the Luxembourg national football team. The stadium, which also hosted rugby union and athletics events, is located on route d'Arlon, in the Luxembourg City quarter of Belair. Following the opening of the Stade de Luxembourg in September 2021, the stadium and its grounds are currently due for demolition and redevelopment, to be ultimately replaced with a new mixed use neighbourhood named "Wunnquartier Stade".
Siege of Caffa
The siege of Caffa was a 14th-century military encounter when Jani Beg of the Golden Horde besieged the city of Caffa (modern-day Feodosia), between two periods in the 1340s. The city of Caffa, a Genoese colony, was a vital trading hub located in Crimea. The city was then part of Gazaria, a group of seven ports located in Crimea and belonging to the maritime empire of the Republic of Genoa. The event is historically significant primarily because it is believed to be one of the earliest instances of biological warfare.

The siege of Caffa was characterized by intense military tactics from both sides. After several years of siege, the armies of the Horde were forced to withdraw. The siege is famous for a story recounted by Italian notary Gabriel de Mussis, which attributed the subsequent spread of the Black Death to plague-infested corpses having been launched over the walls at the end of the siege.

Genoese Gazaria
Gazaria (also Cassaria, Cacsarea, and Gasaria) was the colonial possessions of the Republic of Genoa in Crimea and around the Black Sea coasts in the territories of the modern regions of Russia, Ukraine and Romania, from the mid-13th century to the late 15th century. The Genoese rule was represented by a consul, and the capital of the Gazaria was the city of Kaffa (present-day Feodosia) in the Crimean peninsula.

The name Gazaria derives from Khazaria, though the Khazars had ceased to rule over the area well before the Genoese arrived.