hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sydenham, New South Wales
Sydenham is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Sydenham is located 8 kilometres south of Sydney central business district and is part of the local government area of Inner West Council. Sydenham is surrounded by the suburbs of Marrickville, St Peters and Tempe.

Sydenham, London
Sydenham (/ˈsɪdənəm/) is a district of south-east London, England, which is shared between the London boroughs of Lewisham, Bromley and Southwark. Prior to the creation of the County of London in 1889, Sydenham was located in Kent, bordering Surrey. Historically, the area was very affluent, with the Crystal Palace being relocated to Sydenham Hill in 1854. Today, Sydenham is a diverse area, with a population of 28,378 (2011 census) and borders Forest Hill, Dulwich, Crystal Palace, Penge, Beckenham, Catford and Bellingham.
Wentworth (electoral district)
Wentworth was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1968. It was located near the City of Hamilton in the province of Ontario. This riding was first created in 1903 from parts of Wentworth North and Brant and Wentworth South ridings.

Wentworth initially consisted of the county of Wentworth, excluding of the city of Hamilton. In 1914, it was expanded to include those portions of the city of Hamilton not included in Hamilton East and Hamilton West ridings.

In 1947, it was redefined to consist of the county of Wentworth (excluding the townships of Beverly, Ancaster, Glanford and Binbrook), and the northern part the city of Hamilton. In 1952, it was again defined as being the county of Wentworth, excluding the city of Hamilton.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Halton—Wentworth, Hamilton Mountain, Hamilton—Wentworth and Wellington ridings.

Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale (federal electoral district)
Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 until the electoral boundaries were redrawn for the 2015 election.

The district included the western half of the amalgamated city of Hamilton but did not include any of the city centre.  It did, however, include McMaster University, Redeemer University College and many of the neighbourhoods surrounding it.
Jon Courtenay Grimwood
Jon Courtenay Grimwood (born 1953 in Valletta, Malta) is a Maltese-born British science fiction and fantasy author. He also writes literary fiction as Jonathan Grimwood, and crime fiction and thrillers as Jack Grimwood.

Arabesk trilogy
The Arabesk trilogy is a sequence of alternate history novels by the British author Jon Courtenay Grimwood.

Starting with the 2001 novel Pashazade and continuing with Effendi (2002) and Felaheen (2003), the point of divergence occurs in 1914 with US President Woodrow Wilson brokering an earlier peace so that World War I never expanded outside the Balkans. The books are set in a liberal Islamic Ottoman North Africa in the 21st century, mainly centring on Alexandria, referred to as El Iskandriyah.

The central character, Raf, is an enigma. Genetically enhanced, frequently wired on various drugs, occasionally accompanied by the hallucinatory fox Tiriganiaq, and strongly conscientious in everything he does, Raf's past is as much a mystery as his future.
Left Behind (The Simpsons)
"Left Behind" is the nineteenth episode of the twenty-ninth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 637th episode of the series overall. The episode was directed by Lance Kramer with a story by Al Jean and teleplay by Joel H. Cohen and John Frink. It aired in the United States on Fox on May 6, 2018.

In the episode, Ned Flanders loses his job and struggles to find a new one, turning to the Simpson family for assistance. The episode received mixed reviews.

The episode features the late Marcia Wallace, who died on October 25, 2013, appearing as Edna Krabappel via the use of archive audio recordings.

Springfield (The Simpsons)
Springfield is the primary fictional setting of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons and related media. It is an average-sized, fictional city in an unknown state in the United States. The city's geography, surroundings, and layout are flexible, often changing to accommodate the plot of any given episode.

Springfield was inspired by a number of real-life locations, including creator Matt Groening's hometown of Portland, Oregon, the nearby town of Springfield, Oregon, and producer Mike Scully's hometown of Springfield, Massachusetts. However, in order to emphasize it as an example of "Anytown, USA", the location of the fictional Springfield remains a mystery. "Clues" regarding Springfield's climate, geology, distance from real cities, or political alignment, which are found in numerous episodes of the series, are intentionally contradictory.

In November 2025, an island version of Springfield was the main map for the Fortnite x Simpsons crossover mini season.
Pumping lemma for context-free languages
In computer science, in particular in formal language theory, the pumping lemma for context-free languages, also known as the Bar-Hillel lemma, is a lemma that gives a property shared by all context-free languages and generalizes the pumping lemma for regular languages.

The pumping lemma can be used to construct a refutation by contradiction that a specific language is not context-free. Conversely, the pumping lemma does not suffice to guarantee that a language is context-free; there are other necessary conditions, such as Ogden's lemma, or the Interchange lemma.

Context-free language
In formal language theory, a  context-free language (CFL), also called a Chomsky type-2 language, is a language generated by a context-free grammar (CFG).

Context-free languages have many applications in programming languages, in particular, most arithmetic expressions are generated by context-free grammars.
Mohammad Abdulrahman Tarkou
Mohammad Abdulrahman Tarkou (Arabic: محمد عبد الرحمن تركو, Kurdish: Mêhmed Ebdulrêhman Turkou; born 1979) is a Syrian academic and politician who has served as the Minister of Education in the Syrian transitional government since 29 March 2025. He is a Syrian Kurd and hails from the city of Afrin in northern Syria.

Ministry of Education (Syria)
The Ministry of Education (Arabic: وزارة التربية) is a government ministry office responsible for elementary and high school education in Syria. The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research is responsible for institutions of higher learning.

The ministry library housed some 13,000 volumes in 2011.

In 2025, the Ministry announced that the school curriculum in Syria would be amended to remove bias and inaccurate materials promoted by the previous government.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Cava de' Tirreni
The Diocese of Cava (de' Tirreni) was a Roman Catholic diocese located in the Italian region Campania. It existed from 1394 to 1986, and was informally known as  Cava and Sarno (Cava e Sarno) from 27 June 1818 to 25 September 1972 while in union (aeque principaliter) with the neighboring Diocese of Sarno.

Diocese of Nocera Inferiore-Sarno
The Diocese of Nocera dei Pagani-Sarno (Latin: Dioecesis Nucerina Paganorum-Sarnensis), commonly known as Diocese of Nocera Inferiore-Sarno (Italian: Diocesi di Nocera Inferiore-Sarno), is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the Campania region of Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno.
Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (South Africa)
The Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (South Africa) (Medalje vir Langdurige Diens en Goeie Gedrag) is a distinctive South African version of the British Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military). It was awarded to members of the Permanent Force of the Union of South Africa who had completed eighteen years of reckonable service.

The British Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military) replaced the Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, while the South African and other territorial versions of the new medal replaced the Permanent Forces of the Empire Beyond the Seas Medal which had been instituted in 1910 for award to other ranks of the Permanent Forces of the Dominions and Colonies of the British Empire.

Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military)
The Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military) is a medal awarded to regular members of the armed forces. It was instituted by King George V in 1930 and replaced the Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal as well as the Permanent Forces of the Empire Beyond the Seas Medal. The medal was originally awarded to Regular Army warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the UK Armed Forces. It also had a number of territorial versions for the Permanent Forces of the British Dominions. The eligibility criteria were relaxed in 1947 to also allow the award of the medal to officers who had served a minimum period in the ranks before being commissioned. Since 2016, the eligibility was widened to include officers who had never served in the ranks, and so the medal can now be awarded to all regular members of the British Armed Forces who meet the required length of service.
Fleet Defender
Fleet Defender is a combat flight simulator published by MicroProse in 1994. The game uses the F-14B version of the F-14 Tomcat even where anachronistic because the developers found the original, underpowered F-14A unforgiving and "not much fun" in an entertainment flight simulator. An expansion pack, Fleet Defender: Scenario, and a port for the PC-98 were released in 1995.

Tommo purchased the rights to this game and digitally published it through its Retroism brand in 2015.

Combat flight simulation game
Combat flight simulators are vehicle simulation games, amateur flight simulation computer programs used to simulate military aircraft and their operations. These are distinct from dedicated flight simulators used for professional pilot and military flight training which consist of realistic physical recreations of the actual aircraft cockpit, often with a full-motion platform.

Combat flight simulation titles are more numerous than civilian flight simulators due to the variety of subject matter available and market demand. Many free flight simulators, such as the open source Linux Air Combat, Falcon 4.0, Digital Combat Simulator and Rise of Flight, can be downloaded for free off the Internet.
ProMedica
ProMedica is a non-profit health care system with locations in northwest Ohio, southeast Michigan, and southern Pennsylvania. The system includes a health education and research center, the health maintenance organization Paramount Health Care, nursing homes, a ground/air ambulance service, a local business network of private practices and several hospitals. About 2,900 ProMedica physicians care for approximately 2 million patients each year.

ProMedica Toledo Hospital
ProMedica Toledo Hospital, originally known as Toledo Hospital, is a 794-bed non-profit hospital in Toledo, Ohio operated by ProMedica. The hospital is a Level I trauma center and the largest acute care hospital in the Toledo metropolitan area with at least 4,800 health care professionals, including more than 1,000 specialty and primary care physicians, making it the region's largest employer.

The hospital's Toledo campus includes ProMedica Russell J. Ebeid Children's Hospital, a Level II pediatric trauma center with 151 beds, including a 72-bed newborn intensive care unit.

Divisions of ProMedica Toledo Hospital include ProMedica Flower Hospital in Sylvania and ProMedica Wildwood Orthopaedic and Spine Hospital in Sylvania Township.

In 2015, the University of Toledo entered into a 50-year agreement with ProMedica to affiliate the school's University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences with the hospital.
Nizami Ganjavi
Nizami Ganjavi (Persian: نظامی گنجوی, romanized: Niẓāmī Ganjavī, lit. 'Niẓāmī of Ganja'; c. 1141 – 1209), Nizami Ganje'i, Nizami, or Nezāmi, whose formal name was Jamal ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī, was a 12th-century poet. Nizami is considered the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. His heritage is widely appreciated in Afghanistan, Republic of Azerbaijan, Iran, the Kurdistan region and Tajikistan.

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi (940-1025) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.
A52 road
The A52 is a major road in the East Midlands, England. It runs east from a junction with the A53 at Newcastle-under-Lyme near Stoke-on-Trent via Ashbourne, Derby, Stapleford, Nottingham, West Bridgford, Bingham, Grantham, Boston and Skegness to the east Lincolnshire coast at Mablethorpe. It is approximately 147 miles (237 km) long.

Barrowby
Barrowby is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Grantham. It overlooks the Vale of Belvoir and has a Grade I listed parish church. The hamlet of Casthorpe is part of the parish. The 2001 Census listed 795 households and a population of 1,996, which fell to 840 households with 1,952 inhabitants at the 2011 census. It was estimated at 1,986 in 2019.
Makaryevsky Uyezd (Kostroma Governorate)
Makaryevsky Uyezd (Russian: Макарьевский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Kostroma Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Makaryev.

Kostroma Governorate
Kostroma Governorate (Russian: Костромская губерния, romanized: Kostromskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 to 1929. Its administrative center was in the city of Kostroma.
Slide Hampton
Locksley Wellington Hampton (April 21, 1932 – November 18, 2021) was an American jazz trombonist, composer and arranger. As his nickname implies, Hampton's main instrument was slide trombone, but he also occasionally played tuba and flugelhorn.

Maynard Ferguson
Walter Maynard Ferguson CM (May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian jazz trumpeter and bandleader. He came to prominence in Stan Kenton's orchestra before forming his own big band in 1957. He was noted for his bands, which often served as stepping stones for up-and-coming talent, his versatility on several instruments, and his ability to play in a high register.
Battle of Roliça
At the Battle of Roliça (17 August 1808), the first battle fought by the British army during the Peninsular War, an Anglo-Portuguese army under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeated an outnumbered Imperial French division under General of Division Henri François Delaborde, near the village of Roliça in Portugal. The French retired in good order.

29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot
The 29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1694. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot to become the 1st Battalion, the Worcestershire Regiment in 1881.
Chüy Valley
The Chüy Valley (Kyrgyz: Чүй өрөөнү, romanized: Chüy Öröönü; Kazakh: Шу аңғары, romanized: Şu añğary; Russian: Чуйская долина) is a large valley located in northern Kyrgyzstan and southern Kazakhstan, in the northern part of the Tian Shan. It extends from Boom Gorge in the east to Muyunkum Desert in the west. It is 250 km (160 mi) long and has an area of about 32,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi). It borders Kyrgyz Ala-Too in the south, and Chu-Ili mountains in the north. Through the Boom Gorge in the narrow eastern part Chüy Valley is linked with Issyk-Kul Valley. The river Chu (Chüy) is the major stream of the valley.

The warm summer and availability of drinking and irrigation water makes this area one of the most fertile and most densely populated regions of Kyrgyzstan.

There are deposits of zinc ore, lead, gold, and construction materials. The 2006 World Drug Report estimated that 400,000 hectares of cannabis grow wild in the Chüy Valley.

Boom Gorge
Boom Gorge (Kyrgyz: Боом капчыгайы, romanized: Boom kapchygayy, lit. 'shoestring gorge', Russian: Боо́мское уще́лье) is a river gorge in Chüy Region and Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan.

The gorge cuts, in a general north–south direction, across one of Tian Shan's mountain range systems. The range east of the gorge is known as Kyungey Ala-Too (Russian: Кюнгей Ала-Тоо, based on similar Kyrgyz spelling), the one to the west is the Kyrgyz Ala-Too (Russian: Кыргиызский хребет).

The river Chu passes northwards through it and then enters the wider Chüy Valley. The Bishkek-Tokmak-Kemin-Balykchy highway (A365) passes through the gorge, as does the railway from Bishkek to Balykchy.
Rolling chassis
A rolling chassis is the fully-assembled chassis of a motor vehicle (car, truck, bus, or other vehicle) without its bodywork. It is equipped with running gear (engine and drivetrain) and ready for delivery to a coachbuilder to be completed. Historically, bespoke luxury automobiles were finished inside and out to an owner's specifications by a coachbuilder, and specialty vehicles (such as fire engines) were outfitted by firms devoted to that task.

The term is also used to describe the chassis and running gear of a vehicle in a body-off restoration.

Vehicle frame
A vehicle frame, also historically known as its chassis, is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism.

Until the 1930s, virtually every car had a structural frame separate from its body, known as body-on-frame construction. Both mass production of completed vehicles by a manufacturer using this method, epitomized by the Ford Model T, and supply of rolling chassis to coachbuilders for both mass production (as by Fisher Body in the United States) and to smaller firms (such as Hooper) for bespoke bodies and interiors was practiced.

By the 1960s, unibody construction in passenger cars had become common, and the trend towards building unibody passenger cars continued over the ensuing decades.

Nearly all trucks and buses, and most pickups continue to use a separate frame as their chassis.
Tikva Frymer-Kensky
Tikva Simone Frymer-Kensky (Hebrew: תקווה פריימר-קנסקי; October 21, 1943 – August 31, 2006) was a professor at the University of Chicago Divinity School. She received her MA and PhD from Yale University. She had previously served on the faculties of Wayne State University, the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Yale University, Ben Gurion University, and the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College, where she served as director of Biblical studies.

Tamara Cohn Eskenazi
Tamara Cohn Eskenazi is The Effie Wise Ochs Professor of Biblical Literature and History at the Reform Jewish seminary Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Los Angeles.

She was the first woman hired by the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion as a full-time tenure track faculty member for their rabbinical school in 1990, and became the first female tenured full professor in their rabbinical school in 1995.

She was also the chief editor of The Torah: A Women’s Commentary (Andrea Weiss was associate editor), which won the 2008 Jewish Book of the Year Award from the Jewish Book Council.

On May 19, 2013, Eskenazi was ordained as a rabbi by the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion.

In November of 2022, Eskenazi was elected vice president of the Society of Biblical Literature; in November 2023, Eskenazi was elevated to president of the society.
Tompkins County, New York
Tompkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,740. The county seat is Ithaca. The name is in honor of Daniel D. Tompkins, who served as Governor of New York and Vice President of the United States. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Tompkins County comprises the Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Cornell University, Ithaca College and Tompkins Cortland Community College.

Tioga County, New York
Tioga County /taɪˈoʊɡə/ is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,455. Its county seat is Owego. Tioga County is part of the Binghamton metropolitan area. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

The county's name is a corruption of Iroquois De-yoh-ho-gah, meaning "at the forks" or "where it forks."
TOI-700 d
TOI-700 d is a dense, rocky, near-Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf TOI-700. It is located roughly 101.4 light-years (31.1 pc) away from Earth in the constellation of Dorado and is the outermost of four confirmed exoplanets around its star. The exoplanet is the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

TOI-700 d orbits its star at a distance of 0.161 AU (24,100,000 km; 15,000,000 mi) from its host star with an orbital period of roughly 37.4 days and has a radius of around 1.19 times that of Earth. It has been estimated that the planet receives about 88% the energy that the Earth receives from the Sun.

It was discovered in 3 January 2020 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

Dorado
Dorado (US: /dəˈreɪdoʊ/, also UK: /-ˈrɑːdoʊ/) is a constellation in the Southern Sky. It was named in the late 16th century and is now one of the 88 modern constellations. Its name refers to the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which is known as dorado ("golden") in Spanish, although it has also been depicted as a swordfish. Dorado contains most of the Large Magellanic Cloud, the remainder being in the constellation Mensa. The South Ecliptic pole also lies within this constellation.

Even though the name Dorado is not Latin but Spanish, astronomers give it the Latin genitive form Doradus when naming its stars; it is treated (like the adjacent asterism Argo Navis) as a feminine proper name of Greek origin ending in -ō (like Io or Callisto or Argo), which have a genitive ending -ūs.
Nilambur Road railway station
Nilambur Road railway station (station code: NIL) is an NSG–5 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway terminus serving the town of Nilambur in the Malappuram district of Kerala, India. It is the station for the Shoranur–Nilambur Road spur rail line of Palakkad Division of Southern Railways. Trains halting at the station connect the town to prominent cities in Kerala, such as Palakkad, Thrissur, Ernakulam , Kottayam, and Thiruvananthapuram.

Palakkad railway division
Palakkad railway division (formerly Olavakkod railway division) is one of the six administrative divisions of the Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at city of Palakkad, Kerala. It is the smallest railway division in Southern Railway. It was formed by dissolving the Podanur division. Managing 588 route kilometers of track in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Mahé (in the Union Territory of Puducherry), it is one of the oldest railway divisions in India and had a route connectivity of nearly 1,247 km before the formation of current Thiruvananthapuram and Salem divisions. The terminal facility of Palakkad division is situated in Shoranur Junction & Mangalore Central of Karnataka state.