hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christ Church Greyfriars
Christ Church Greyfriars, also known as Christ Church Newgate Street, was a church in Newgate Street, opposite St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London. Established as a monastic church in the thirteenth century, it became a parish church after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Following its destruction in the Great Fire of London of 1666, it was rebuilt to the designs of Sir Christopher Wren. Except for the tower, the church was largely destroyed by bombing during the Second World War. The decision was made not to rebuild the church; the ruins are now a public garden.

Newgate
Newgate was one of the historic seven gates of the London Wall around the City of London and one of the six which date back to Roman times. Newgate lay on the west side of the wall and the road issuing from it headed over the River Fleet to Middlesex and western England. Beginning in the 12th century, parts of the gate buildings were used as a gaol, which later developed into Newgate Prison.
Faxfleet
Faxfleet is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Blacktoft, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 6 miles (10 km) west of Brough, and 9 miles (14 km) east of Howden, at the start of the Humber, on the north bank, where the River Ouse and the River Trent meet. In 1931 the parish had a population of 151. Just to the east of the hamlet is the entrance lock for the Weighton Canal, and also Whitton Island in the Humber.

River Trent
The Trent, the third-longest river in the United Kingdom, has its source in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. It flows through and drains the North Midlands into the Humber Estuary. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past have often caused the river to change course.

The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Staffordshire, Rugeley, Burton-upon-Trent, Nottingham, Newark-on-Trent and Gainsborough before joining the Yorkshire Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. The wide Humber estuary has often been characterised as the boundary between the Midlands and Northern England ("The North").
Muiderberg
Muiderberg (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌmœydərˈbɛr(ə)x]) is a village in the municipality of Gooise Meren in the Netherlands. It lies about 6 km north of Bussum and 2 km west of Naarden, adjacent to the Naarderbos.

Gooise Meren
Gooise Meren (pronounced [ˈɣoːisə ˈmeːrə(n)]) is a municipality in the province of North Holland, the Netherlands. It has about 58,000 inhabitants and covers an area of about 77 km2 (30 sq mi).

Gooise Meren has existed since 2016. It is a merger of the three former municipalities of Bussum, Muiden (including Muiderberg) and Naarden. Eastern (Naarden area) and southern part (Bussum area) of the municipality lie within the Gooi region, western part (Muiden area) lies within the Vechtstreek region.

The very northern part of the Utrecht Hill Ridge, lake Naardermeer and artificial island Pampus are situated within its boundaries.

Gooise Meren borders in the northwest on lake IJmeer, in the northeast on lake Gooimeer. The Vecht river empties into the IJmeer at Muiden, and also the northern end of the former Hollandic Water Line ends in Muiden.
Oregon Short Line Railroad
The Oregon Short Line Railroad (reporting mark OSL) was a railroad in Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Montana and Oregon in the United States. The line was organized as the Oregon Short Line Railway in 1881 as a subsidiary of the Union Pacific Railway. The Union Pacific intended the line to be the shortest route ("the short line") from Wyoming to Oregon and the Pacific Northwest. Construction was begun in 1881 at Granger, Wyoming, and completed in 1884 at Huntington, Oregon. In 1889 the line merged with the Utah & Northern Railway and a handful of smaller railroads to become the Oregon Short Line and Utah Northern Railway. Following the bankruptcy of Union Pacific in 1897, the line was taken into receivership and reorganized as the Oregon Short Line Railroad ("OSL"). The OSL became a part of the Union Pacific System in the Harriman reorganization of 1898.

Huntington, Oregon
Huntington is a city in Baker County, on the eastern border of Oregon, United States. It is located on the Snake River and along Interstate 84 and U.S. Route 30. The population was 502 at the 2020 census.
Refugee Home Society
The Refugee Home Society was an organization founded in Michigan and Ontario in 1851 that was designed to help former enslaved people become established in a community and remain free. It was located 20 miles from Windsor, Ontario, the border with the United States. The settlement provided purchase of land an easy terms, education, and a community with three churches by 1861.

Henry Bibb
Henry Walton Bibb (May 10, 1815– August 1, 1854), was an American author and abolitionist who was born into slavery. Bibb told his life story in his Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, An American Slave, which included many failed escape attempts followed finally by success when he escaped to Detroit. After leaving Detroit to move to Canada with his family, due to issues with the legality of his assistance in the Underground Railroad, he founded the abolitionist newspaper, Voice of the Fugitive. He lived in Canada until his death.
Property restitution in Poland
After World War II and coming to power of the communist government in Poland, large scale nationalization occurred. Following the fall of communism in Poland in 1989, some of the formerly nationalized property have been subject to reprivatisation and restored to previous owners, their heirs or other claimants.

The issue of restitution has become contentious in Israel-Poland relations. It has also been criticized in Poland for significant fraud and corruption.

Reprivatisation fraud in Warsaw
The reprivatisation fraud in Warsaw happened on a massive scale during the reprivatisation in Warsaw, which was performed after the fall of the Communist Poland to reverse the post-World War II nationalisation of the land in the city.

A particularly notable affair regarding a lot on Chmielna Street in the downtown of Warsaw was uncovered after a series of investigative reports published by Gazeta Wyborcza in 2016. (This had earned the journalists the Grand Press 2016 award, the highest award for journalism in Poland and several other awards. )

In 2017 the Polish government established a dedicated Commission for Issues of Warsaw Real Estate Reprivatisation; as of July 2018 the Commission has reversed over a dozen of the decisions, but some of its rulings have led to further controversies and several trials.
Binasuan
The binasuan is a Filipino folk dance in which the performer holds full wine glasses in each hand while performing balancing tricks. Wine may be used to fill the glasses, but other liquids may be substituted. The arms are rotated over and under the shoulder in order to keep the palms facing up so as not to spill the liquid while nevertheless allowing the radius to cross over the ulna via pronation. Binasuan originated in Pangasinan and is popular at festive events such as weddings.

Since the binasuan inverts the arm through rotation, it is sometimes given as a macroscopic, physical demonstration of the rotation properties of a spin-½ spinor. As the liquid never spills, the rotation can all occur within the same plane. Upon a rotation of 2π radians, the elbow changes between pointing up and down.  Upon a rotation of 4π radians, the palm "doubly covers" the shoulder, and the elbow points in its original direction.

Folk dance
A folk dance is a dance that reflects the life of the people of a certain country or region. Not all ethnic dances are folk dances. For example, ritual dances or dances of ritual origin are not considered to be folk dances. Ritual dances are usually called "religious dances" because of their purpose.

The terms "ethnic" and "traditional" are used when it is required to emphasize the cultural roots of the dance. In this sense, nearly all folk dances are ethnic ones. If some dances, such as polka, cross ethnic boundaries and even cross the boundary between "folk" and "ballroom dance", ethnic differences are often considerable enough to mention.
California (American Music Club album)
California is the third studio album by American indie rock band American Music Club. It was released on November 10, 1988 on Frontier Records.

The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In the album's article in the book, reviewer Arnar Eggert Thoroddsen, from Iceland's daily newspaper Morgunblaðið, describes the album as the band's "definitive statement."

American Music Club
American Music Club was an American, San Francisco-based indie rock band, led by singer-songwriter Mark Eitzel. Formed in 1982, the band released seven albums before splitting up in 1995. They reformed in 2003 and released two further albums.
The Princess of the Ursines
The Princess of the Ursines (Spanish: La princesa de los ursinos) is a 1947 Spanish historical film directed by Luis Lucia and starring Ana Mariscal, Fernando Rey, and Eduardo Fajardo. It was made by CIFESA, Spain's largest studio at the time. The film is loosely based on real events that took place in the eighteenth-century reign of Philip V of Spain.

Ana Mariscal
Ana María Arroyo Mariscal (31 July 1923 – 28 March 1995) better known as Ana Mariscal was a classic Spanish film actress, director, screenwriter and film producer. Mariscal worked in well over 50 films between 1940 and 1968, often starring in films she also wrote and directed. She is iconic in 1940s and 1950s Spanish cinema. She also acted in Argentinean films. Her brother Luis Arroyo (1915–1956) was also an actor and film director.
Welcome to the Waks Family
Welcome to the Waks Family is a 2003 Australian documentary film exploring the life of a Chabad Hasidic family in Melbourne. The film follows the life of Zephaniah and Haya Waks and their 17 children, including Manny and Avi. Zephaniah was born Stephen Waks and lived as a secular Jew in Sydney, Australia, before joining the Chabad Hasidic community. The documentary was directed by filmmaker Barbara Chobocky who was a friend of Zephaniah while they both studied at university. The film was screened on the SBS television channel.

Manny Waks
Menachem Leib "Manny" Waks (born 1976) is an Australian activist. He was previously part of the Orthodox Jewish community in Australia and later became known for his activism against child sexual abuse in the Jewish community worldwide. He founded Tzedek, an organisation to fight child sexual abuse in Jewish communities. Waks assisted the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse in investigating Melbourne Yeshivah centre of the Orthodox Chabad movement of Judaism on their handling of child sexual abuse cases. After publicising child sexual abuse in the Jewish community in Australia, Waks moved to France.
2024 European Open – Singles
Roberto Bautista Agut defeated Jiří Lehečka in the final, 7–5, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2024 European Open. It was his 12th ATP Tour title. Aged 36 years and six months, Bautista Agut became the oldest quarterfinalist, semifinalist, and champion in the tournament's history.

Alexander Bublik was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year.

Roberto Bautista Agut
Roberto Bautista Agut (Spanish pronunciation: [roˈβeɾto βawˈtista aˈɣut]; born 14 April 1988) is a Spanish professional tennis player. He has been ranked as high as world No. 9 by the ATP in singles, achieved on 4 November 2019. His most significant final has been the 2016 Shanghai Masters. His best Grand Slam result is reaching the semifinals at 2019 Wimbledon. Bautista Agut has won twelve ATP singles titles out of twenty three finals, the biggest being the ATP 500 title in Dubai.
University of Lille Nord de France
The Community of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) Lille Nord de France (formerly Université Lille Nord de France) was a French Groups of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) spread over multiple campuses and centered in Lille (North - Hauts-de-France). It included a European Doctoral College and federated universities, engineering schools and research centers. With more than one hundred thousand students, it was one of the largest university federations in France. The University of Lille, with nearly 70,000 students, was its main component. The COMUE stopped its activity in 2019 and its activities were transferred to its founding institutions.

Paul Painlevé
Paul Painlevé (French: [pɔl pɛ̃ləve]; 5 December 1863 – 29 October 1933) was a French mathematician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of the French Third Republic in 1917 and 1925. After working as a professor at the Sorbonne University, he entered politics in 1906.

His first term as prime minister lasted only nine weeks but dealt with weighty issues, such as the Russian Revolution, the American entry into World War I, the failure of the Nivelle Offensive, quelling the French Army Mutinies and relations with the British. In the 1920s as Minister of War he was a key figure in building the Maginot Line.  In his second term as prime minister he dealt with the outbreak of rebellion in Syria's Jabal Druze in July 1925 which had excited public and parliamentary anxiety over the general crisis of France's empire.
Peitor Angell
Peitor Angell is an American/Canadian Film composer, Songwriter, record producer, arranger and conductor.

His credits include production, arrangement, and songwriting work with new artists as well as established Grammy Award winning artists, including Charo, Cissy Houston, Barbra Streisand and Thelma Houston.

As an artist working in collaboration with many guests artists, Angell releases his music via the Buon-Art World record label. His style of composition is often a blend of British Invasion, 60s Pacific Coast Jazz, Alternative Pop and New Age Minimalism Chill Out. Angell also releases music under the name Monte Carlo & His Orchestra.

In 2011, Angell was featured in The Sweet Inspirations documentary This Time. His TV credits include Hollywood and the News, Miss USA and the Roku original movie Jingle Bell Love (2024).

Thelma Houston
Thelma Houston (née Jackson; born May 7, 1946) is an American singer and actress. Beginning her recording career in the late 1960s, Houston scored a number-one hit in 1977 with her recording of "Don't Leave Me This Way", which won the Grammy for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance.
Doslidnytske
Doslidnytske (Ukrainian: Дослідницьке) is a rural settlement in Bila Tserkva Raion (district) of Kyiv Oblast (region) in northern Ukraine. It belongs to Hrebinky settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.  Its population was 2,167 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population: 1,850 (2022 estimate).

Hrebinky settlement hromada
Hrebinky settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Гребінківська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Bila Tserkva Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Hrebinky.

It has an area of 260.2 square kilometres (100.5 mi2) and a population of 13,565, as of 2020.

The hromada includes 12 settlements: 2 rural settlements (Hrebinky and Doslidnytske), and 10 villages:
Tiyas
Tiyas (Arabic: التياس, also known as al-Safa Arabic: الصفا) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, east of Homs. It is situated in the Syrian Desert, and the closest localities are Tadmur (Palmyra) to the east, the subdistrict center of al-Qaryatayn to the southwest, Furqlus to the west and Uqayribat to the northwest. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tiyas had a population of 2,564 in the 2004 census.

Tiyas is also near the Syrian Air Force base of the same name which lies just to the southwest. During the 1970s and 1980s, the Soviet Union was given access to the Tiyas Military Airbase for the periodical deployment of naval aircraft. The base at Tiyas was also used to patrol the United States' naval fleet in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.

Tiyas Air Base
The Tiyas Air Base, also known as the T-4 Air base, is a Syrian Air Force base located in the Homs Governorate, north of Tiyas, and west of the ancient city of Palmyra, Syria.

Tiyas is the largest airbase in Syria.
IML++
IML++, or the Iterative Methods Library, is a C++ library for solving linear systems of equations.  It is said to be "templated" in the sense that the same source code works for dense, sparse, and distributed matrices.

Some of the supported solutions methods are:

Richardson Iteration

Chebyshev Iteration

Conjugate Gradient (CG)

Conjugate Gradient Squared (CGS)

BiConjugate Gradient (BiCG)

BiConjugate Gradient Stabilized (BiCGSTAB)

Generalized Minimum Residual (GMRES)

Quasi-Minimal Residual Without Lookahead (QMR)

Chebyshev iteration
In numerical linear algebra, the Chebyshev iteration is an
iterative method for determining the solutions of a system of linear equations. The method is named after Russian mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev.

Chebyshev iteration avoids the computation of inner products as is necessary for the other nonstationary methods. For some distributed-memory architectures these inner products are a bottleneck with respect to efficiency. The price one pays for avoiding inner products is that the method requires enough knowledge about spectrum of the coefficient matrix A, that is an upper estimate for the upper eigenvalue and lower estimate for the lower eigenvalue.  There are modifications of the method for nonsymmetric matrices A.
Bloody Sunday: Scenes from the Saville Inquiry
Bloody Sunday: Scenes from the Saville Inquiry is a 2005 dramatisation by English journalist Richard Norton-Taylor of four years of evidence of the Saville Inquiry, distilled into two hours of stage performance by Tricycle Theatre in London.

Kiln Theatre
The Kiln Theatre (formerly the Tricycle Theatre) is a theatre located in Kilburn, in the London Borough of Brent, England. Since 1980, the theatre has presented a wide range of plays reflecting the cultural diversity of the area, as well as new writing, political work and verbatim reconstructions of public inquiries.

The theatre has produced original work by playwrights such as Lynn Nottage, Patrick Barlow, Richard Bean, David Edgar, Stephen Jeffreys, Abi Morgan, Simon Stephens, Roy Williams, Lolita Chakrabarti, Moira Buffini, Alexi Kaye Campbell, Florian Zeller, Ayad Akhtar and Zadie Smith.

The theatre was founded in 1980 by Ken Chubb and Shirley Barrie. The current artistic director is Amit Sharma, who succeeded Indhu Rubasingham, in December 2023, who in turn had succeeded Nicolas Kent in 2012.

The theatre's name was changed from the Tricycle to Kiln Theatre in April 2018.
Pier Martire Armani
Pier Martire or Pier Martino Armani (January 14, 1613 – July 10, 1699) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born and worked in Reggio.

He trained as a pupil of Leonello Spada and Sebastiano Vercellesi. He was one of the artists called to decorate the Basilica della Ghiara in Modena.

Basilica della Ghiara
The Tempio della Beata Vergine della Ghiara (Temple of the Blessed Virgin of Ghiara), also known as Basilica della Madonna della Ghiara, is a church in Reggio Emilia, northern Italy. The building is the property of the comune (municipality) of the city.
The Electronic Anthology Project
The Electronic Anthology Project began as the idea of Built to Spill bassist Brett Nelson. Always having loved and been greatly influenced by 1980s new wave music, he wondered what a guitar-driven band like Built to Spill would sound like if made a little more new wave (circa 1982). The EP was released on March 19, 2010.

A second collection of re-imagined tracks were issued for Record Store Day on April 21, 2012.  This time the release featured songs by indie rock band Dinosaur Jr. The album, called simply, "The Electronic Anthology Project of Dinosaur Jr.", featured synthesizers and programmed beats by Nelson and vocals by Dinosaur Jr.'s J Mascis. There followed a collaboration with Death Cab for Cutie, with a re-imagining of two songs.

Built to Spill
Built to Spill is an American indie rock band that formed in Boise, Idaho, in 1992. Centered on lead vocalist and guitarist Doug Martsch, the only permanent member, Built to Spill has released nine albums since its inception. Martsch originally envisioned the band to feature a changing set of backing musicians for each album, but eventually settled with a stable lineup for over a decade before returning to his original plan in 2012.

Having received consistent critical acclaim throughout their career, three of the band's albums—There's Nothing Wrong with Love, Perfect from Now On and Keep It Like a Secret—placed in the top 50 of Pitchfork's Top 100 Albums of the 1990s list. Keep It Like a Secret was the band's first album to chart on the Billboard 200 in the United States, while their 2009 release There Is No Enemy became Built to Spill's highest-charting album of their career.
Randall Road
Randall Road is a major north-south stroad and county highway in McHenry and Kane County, Illinois. The road is named after Norman Randall, a prominent area landowner in the 1930s. It serves as the western extent of the Fox Valley suburbs in the Chicago metropolitan area. Its southern terminus is in Aurora, Illinois, at Marseillaise Place. Its northern terminus is at a full four-way intersection at McHenry Avenue and James R. Rakow Road in Crystal Lake, Illinois.  The road is 31.4 mi (50.5 km) in length.

McHenry County, Illinois
McHenry County is located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 Census, it had a population of 310,229, making it the sixth-most populous county in Illinois. Its county seat is Woodstock. McHenry County is one of the five Illinois collar counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Long known as a center of recreation along with agriculture in the western portion, it has recently experienced rapid rates of suburbanization, exurbanization and urbanization, but the western segment of the county remains primarily agricultural and rural.
The Notorious Lone Wolf
The Notorious Lone Wolf is a 1946 American mystery film directed by D. Ross Lederman and starring Gerald Mohr, Janis Carter and Eric Blore. It is the twelfth Lone Wolf film produced by Columbia Pictures. The picture features Mohr in his inaugural performance as the protagonist detective Lone Wolf alongside Janis Carter and Ian Wolfe as Adam Wainwright, the film's antagonist. The screenplay was written by Martin Berkeley, Edward Dein, and William J. Bowers.

The film centres on former jewel looter Michael Lanyard, also known by his alias "Lone Wolf", aiming to clear his name after he is accused of murdering a bar dancer. At the same time, he races to retrieve a stolen piece of jewellery. Filming took place in October and November 1945. The Notorious Lone Wolf was theatrically released in the United States in February 1946. It was followed by The Lone Wolf in Mexico, in 1947.

D. Ross Lederman
David Ross Lederman (December 12, 1894 – August 24, 1972) was an American film director noted for his Western, action, and adventure films of the 1930s and 1940s.

Starting out as an extra in Mack Sennett's Keystone Cops series, Lederman worked his way through the ranks of film production, and first made his mark as a second-unit director. He directed several B-Western serials in the early 1930s, such as Two-Fisted Law and Texas Cyclone both 1932, in which he worked with  Tim McCoy and a  young John Wayne. Becoming a full feature director in the late 1930s, Lederman specialized in action films and especially westerns, continuing to produce films with McCoy at Columbia Pictures.