hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Time–frequency representation
A time–frequency representation (TFR) is a view of a signal (taken to be a function of time) represented over both time and frequency. Time–frequency analysis means analysis into the time–frequency domain provided by a TFR. This is achieved by using a formulation often called "Time–Frequency Distribution", abbreviated as TFD.

TFRs are often complex-valued fields over time and frequency, where the modulus of the field represents either amplitude or "energy density" (the concentration of the root mean square over time and frequency), and the argument of the field represents phase.

Spectrogram
A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time. 
When applied to an audio signal, spectrograms are sometimes called sonographs, voiceprints, or voicegrams. When the data are represented in a 3D plot they may be called waterfall displays.

Spectrograms are used extensively in the fields of music, linguistics, sonar, radar, speech processing, seismology, ornithology, and others. Spectrograms of audio can be used to identify spoken words phonetically, and to analyse the various calls of animals.

A spectrogram can be generated by an optical spectrometer, a bank of band-pass filters, by Fourier transform or by a wavelet transform (in which case it is also known as a scaleogram or scalogram).

A spectrogram is usually depicted as a heat map, i.e., as an image with the intensity shown by varying the colour or brightness.
Tamos (Egyptian admiral)
Tamos (Ancient Greek: Ταμώς), was a mercenary Admiral from Memphis in Egypt, hired by Cyrus the Younger, during his campaign to claim the Persian Throne. It is not known if Tamos served in the entire campaign during 401 BC. Tamos led a fleet of 25 triremes as a backup to Cyrus's mercenary Ten Thousand hoplites and Persian troops.

Tamos was Cyrus's secondary admiral, his first being Pythagoras the Spartan, who led the first fleet of 35 triremes.

Ten Thousand
The Ten Thousand (Ancient Greek: οἱ Μύριοι, hoi Myrioi) were a force of mercenary units, mainly Greeks, employed by Cyrus the Younger to attempt to wrest the throne of the Persian Empire from his brother, Artaxerxes II. Their march to the Battle of Cunaxa and back to Greece (401–399 BC) was recorded by Xenophon, one of their leaders, in his work Anabasis.
Austrian occupation of Spiš and Podhale
Austrian occupation of Spiš and Podhale – the Austrian occupation of the Spiš lien from 1769 until 1772, when the occupied territory was formally annexed by the Habsburg Empire, part of the First Partition of Poland. Prior to the annexation, the territory was part of Poland proper, as part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.

The occupation was originally implemented under pretext of the need for the Habsburg Empire to upkeep the sanitary cordon, as to protect the Kingdom of Hungary from an outbreak of the plague. Between 1770 and until 1772, the starostwa of Nowy Targ, Czorsztyn and Stary Sącz were also under Austrian occupation.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Drosanthemum
Drosanthemum (the dewflowers) is a genus of succulent plants in the ice plant family native to the winter-rainfall regions of southern Africa, including Namibia and the Cape Provinces and Free State of South Africa. Most species bear colorful flowers.

The name Drosanthemum means "dew-flower" in Greek, and refers to the characteristic shiny translucent papillae, which cover the succulent leaves and flower buds.

Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae (/ˌeɪzoʊˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or fig-marigold family, are a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly named ice plants or carpet weeds. The Aizoaceae are also referred to as vygies in South Africa. Some of the unusual  Southern African genera—such as Conophytum, Lithops, Titanopsis, and Pleiospilos (among others)—resemble gemstones, rocks, or pebbles, and are sometimes called living stones or mesembs (short for mesembryanthemums).
Taima-dera
Taima-dera (當麻寺; also written 当麻寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Taima neighborhood of the city of Katsuragi, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the  Shingon and Jōdo traditions of Japanese Buddhism and its honzon is the Taima Mandala, a graphical representation of the Pure Land.  The temple's full name is Nijō-san Zenrin-ji (二上山 禅林寺).The temple is a pilgrimage site for Pure Land Buddhists, and for its connection to the legend of Princess Chūjō, as well as for its twin triple-story pagodas  built in the Nara period to the early Heian period.

Katsuragi, Nara
Katsuragi (葛󠄀城市, Katsuragi-shi) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2024, the city had an estimated population of 37,809 in 15842 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 33.72 km2 (13.02 sq mi).
76th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 76th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (76th AA Bde) was an air defence formation of the British Army during the Second World War. It landed on D-Day and saw action throughout the campaign in North West Europe. Its guns operated in both anti-aircraft (AA) and ground roles in clearing and then defending the Scheldt Estuary until the end of the war.

356th Moonlight Battery, Royal Artillery
The 356th Moonlight Battery, Royal Artillery was a searchlight unit of the British Army that provided artificial illumination, or 'Monty's Moonlight', for night operations by 21st Army Group during the campaign in North West Europe in 1944–45. Previously, it had served on anti-aircraft (AA) duties during The Blitz.
Eastern Provincial Airways
Eastern Provincial Airways (EPA) was an airline that operated in Atlantic and eastern Canada. At its peak in the 1970s, the carrier operated jet service with Boeing 737-200 aircraft connecting many communities that, in the first quarter of the 21st century, only have scheduled passenger flights provided by 18-seat commuter turboprop aircraft. The airline traces its history from Maritime Central Airways (MCA) from 1961. It merged with CP Air to form Canadian Pacific Air Lines in 1986.

Aviation Traders Carvair
The Aviation Traders ATL-98 Carvair is a retired  air ferry conversion developed by Freddie Laker's Aviation Traders (Engineering) Limited (ATL). Based on the Douglas DC-4, it has a capacity of 22 passengers in a rear cabin, and five cars loaded in at the front. It is powered by four radial engines.
Beverly Vergel
Beverly Vergel (born April 11, 1964) ia Filipino-Canadian actress and film writer, director and producer, who now lives and works in Canada after many screen appearances in the Philippines during the 1980s and 1990s.

Bakit Kinagat ni Adan ang Mansanas ni Eba?
Bakit Kinagat ni Adan ang Mansanas ni Eba (transl. Why Did Adam Bite Eve's Apple?) is a 1988 Filipino slapstick comedy film directed by Mike Relon Makiling and written by Arsenio 'Matanghari' Liao, partially inspired by the story of Adam and Eve.
Rock Boat
The Rock Boat is an annual rock music-themed music festival aboard a cruise ship. It badges itself "the world's greatest floating music festival". It takes place in different locations each cruise, with several dozen bands performing in each cruise.

JD Eicher
JD Eicher (born July 27, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter, producer, and novelist from the Youngstown, Ohio area.

Both billed as JD Eicher & the Goodnights and independently as JD Eicher, Eicher has released nine albums—one of which also featured a Deluxe Edition—as well as a live EP and vinyl collection of his most popular songs.

Eicher also created an EP of his music to accompany the release of Nicholas Sparks' 20th novel called Two by Two. The musician and the author toured the country to promote this project.

Touring mostly in the United States, Eicher has a strong following in many regions of the nation.  Eicher also occasionally tours in Europe and has fans in many cities abroad. Additionally, a number of Eicher's songs receive radio airplay and have been used in businesses, television ad campaigns, and television shows.
Rachel Carns
Rachel Carns (born August 13, 1969) is an American musician, composer, artist and performer living in Olympia, Washington, U.S. Raised in small-town Wisconsin, she went on to study painting and drawing at Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City, where she completed her B.F.A. in 1991. Carns began her career as drummer for Kicking Giant, later collaborating with several bands, including The Need. She is a celebrated graphic designer, working under the name System Lux, and plays drums and percussion with experimental performance art group Cloud Eye Control.

Lucy Thane
Lucy Thane (born 1967) is a British documentary filmmaker, event producer and performer, living in Folkestone. Her films include It Changed My Life: Bikini Kill in the UK (1993) and She's Real (Worse than Queer) (1997).
Bengali (Unicode block)
Bengali Unicode block contains characters for the Bengali, Assamese, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Daphla, Garo, Hallam, Khasi, Mizo, Munda, Naga, Riang, and Santali languages. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0981..U+09CD were a direct copy of the Bengali characters A1-ED from the 1988 ISCII standard, as well as several Assamese ISCII characters in the U+09F0 column. The Devanagari, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam blocks were similarly all based on ISCII encodings.

Telugu (Unicode block)
Telugu is a Unicode block containing characters for the Telugu, Gondi, and Lambadi languages of Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0C01..U+0C4D were a direct copy of the Telugu characters A1-ED from the 1988 ISCII standard. The Devanagari, Bengali, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam blocks were similarly all based on their ISCII encodings.
Yangping, Hebei
Yangping (Chinese: 羊平; pinyin: Yángpíng) is a town in Quyang County, Hebei, China. It is located in the south of the county, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the county seat. In 1961 it was formed as a commune (羊平公社), and in 1985, the commune was abolished and turned into a township (Yangping Township; 羊平乡). Finally, in 1991, it was renamed as a town and remains so today. The primary industries in the area are engraving and plate processing, while the main agricultural products are wheat and corn.

Quyang County
Quyang County is a county under the administration of Baoding, Hebei Province, China. The county is famous for its stone carvings, many of which are exported abroad. The Beiyue Temple is located in Quyang city.
July 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
July 9 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 11

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 23 by Old Calendar.

For July 10th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on June 27.

July 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
July 10 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 12

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 24 by Old Calendar.

For July 11th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on June 28.
Hebrews 2
Hebrews 2 is the second chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author is anonymous, although the internal reference to "our brother Timothy" (Hebrews 13:23) causes a traditional attribution to Paul, but this attribution has been disputed since the second century and there is no decisive evidence for the authorship. This chapter contains the implications for responding to God's Son, the Son's subjection and glorification, to the believers' benefits.

Psalm 22
Psalm 22 of the Book of Psalms (the hind of the dawn) or My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? is a psalm in the Bible.

The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Tanakh, and a book of the Old Testament of the Bible. In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 21. In Latin, it is known as Deus, Deus meus.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic, Anglican and Lutheran liturgies in addition to Protestant psalmody.
Euryzygoma
Euryzygoma is an extinct genus of marsupial which inhabited humid eucalyptus forests in Queensland and New South Wales during the Pliocene of Australia. Euryzygoma is believed to have weighed around 500 kg, and differed from other diprotodontids in having unusual, flaring cheekbones that may have been used either for storing food or for sexual display. Euryzygoma is thought to be the ancestral genus from which Diprotodon evolved.

Diprotodontidae
Diprotodontidae, from Ancient Greek δί- (dí-), meaning "two", πρῶτος (prôtos), meaning "first", and ὀδούς (odoús), meaning "tooth", is an extinct family of large herbivorous marsupials, endemic to Australia and New Guinea during the Oligocene through Pleistocene periods from 28.4 million to 40,000 years ago.
Bökingharde
Bökingharde (Mooring North Frisian: Böökinghiird; Danish: Bøking Herred) was an amt (collective municipality) in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was situated on the North Sea coast, approx. 35 km northwest of Husum. Its seat was in Risum-Lindholm.

In January 2008, it was merged with the Ämter Karrharde, Süderlügum and Wiedingharde, and the municipalities Niebüll and Leck to form the Amt Südtondern.

The Amt of Bökingharde consisted of the following municipalities (population in 2005 in parentheses):

Dagebüll (939)

Galmsbüll (664)

Risum-Lindholm (3627)

Stedesand (870)

Wiedingharde
Wiedingharde (Wiedingharde North Frisian: Wiringhiird) was an amt (collective municipality) in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was situated on the North Sea coast and on the border with Denmark. Its seat was in Neukirchen (Naisjösbel).

In January 2008, it was merged with the Ämter Karrharde, Süderlügum and Bökingharde, and the municipalities Niebüll and Leck to form the Amt Südtondern.

The amt of Wiedingharde consisted of these municipalities (population in 2005 in parentheses):

Aventoft (508)

Emmelsbüll-Horsbüll (1056)

Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog (165)

Klanxbüll (941)

Neukirchen (1315)

Rodenäs (452)
Cape Hallett
Cape Hallett is a snow-free area (Antarctic oasis) on the northern tip of the Hallett Peninsula on the Ross Sea coast of Victoria Land, East Antarctica.  Cape Adare lies 100 km (62 mi) to the north. Cape Hallet was the site of a former scientific base built for the International Geophysical Year, and also the site of a fatal 1957 aviation accident; a transport aircraft on its way to McMurdo Station crashed into a mountain.

Wilkes Station
Wilkes Station is a former Australian Antarctic research station. It was established in January 1957 by the United States in Antarctica. It was taken over by the Australian Antarctic Division on 7 February 1959. Environmental difficulties at this site lead to it being abandoned in 1969, with the Australians establishing a new base, Casey Station. The old base is still awaiting remediation, with contamination left at the site threatening to affect the environment.
General der Nachrichtentruppe
General der Nachrichtentruppe (Literally: General of the Communications Troops) was a General of the branch OF8-rank of German Army, introduced by the Wehrmacht in 1940.

The rank was equivalent to the long established General der Kavallerie, General der Artillerie and General der Infanterie.  The Wehrmacht also introduced General der Gebirgstruppe (mountain troops), General der Pioniere (engineers), General der Flieger (aviators), General der Fallschirmtruppe (parachute troops) and General der Panzertruppe (armored troops).

Only two officers held the rank; Erich Fellgiebel (1886-1944) from 1 August 1940 until his dismissal following the 20 July Plot assassination attempt and Albert Praun (1894-1975) who was appointed on 1 October 1944 and served until he was taken into captivity in May 1945.

General of the branch
A general of the branch, general of the branch of service or general of the ... (where instead of the ellipsis an appropriate name of the military branch is being put) is a three or four-star general officer rank in some armies. Several nations divide — or used to divide — their senior general officer ranks by the branch of troops they are qualified to command, or simply as an honorific title.
Position (team sports)
In team sports, a position is the role and placement of an individual player within the arrangement of players on the field of play during a game.

Many sports measure performance of individual players based on standards for their specific positions. Players' suitability for certain positions is often linked to specific attributes and skill requirements.

For information about team or player positions in some particular sports, see:

Gaelic football, hurling and camogie positions
The following are the positions in the Gaelic sports of Gaelic football, hurling and camogie.

Each team consists of one goalkeeper (who wears a different colour jersey), six backs, two midfielders, and six forwards: 15 players in all. Some under-age games are played 13-a-side (in which case the full-back and full-forward positions are removed) or 11-a-side (in which case the full-back, centre back, centre forward and full-forward positions are removed).

The positions are listed below, with the jersey number usually worn by players in that position given.
OMV
OMV, formerly an abbreviation for Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung Aktiengesellschaft (English: Austrian Mineral Oil Administration Stock Company), is an integrated company with three robust pillars: Chemicals, Fuels & Feedstock, and Energy. It supports the transition to a lower-carbon economy and has the ambition to become a net zero emissions business by 2050 for Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions. The majority of its nearly 24,000 employees work at its integrated European sites. In 2024, the company is listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange. In the 2021 Forbes Global 2000, OMV Group was ranked as the 413th largest public company in the world.

Borealis (company)
Borealis GmbH is an Austrian plastics manufacturer that is the second largest producer of polyolefins in Europe, as well as a leader in the petrochemicals industry. Based in Vienna, Austria, it employs around 6,000 people in over 120 countries.
St Matthew's Anglican Church, Drayton
St Matthew's Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at Beatrice Street, Drayton, once a town but now a suburb of Toowoomba in Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by James Marks and built from 1886 to 1887 by Seath, Hobart and Watson. It is also known as St Matthew's Church of England and is the second church of that name in Drayton. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Drayton, Queensland
Drayton is a rural locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Drayton had a population of 1,813 people.

Drayton is at the outer southwestern edge of Toowoomba. It was first substantial settlement on the Darling Downs, initially being established in 1842. The nearby township of Toowoomba expanded more rapidly than Drayton, and in the 1860s the centre of population shifted to Toowoomba, leaving Drayton as a southwestern suburb.
FC Samtredia
FC Samtredia (Georgian: სკ სამტრედია), commonly known as Samtredia, is a Georgian professional football club based in the city of Samtredia. The club competes in Erovnuli Liga 2, the 2nd tier of Georgian football. Their home ground is the Erosi Manjgaladze Stadium.

In 2016, Samtredia won the league and the Super Cup.

Georgian Cup
The Georgian Cup (Georgian: საქართველოს თასი) is the main annual association football knockout cup competition in Georgia. It is organized by the Georgian Football Federation (GFF) and is open to clubs of all divisions. The tournament was established in 1990 alongside the formation of the independent Georgian national league, and since 1993 has been officially named the David Kipiani Cup in honor of the famous Georgian footballer David Kipiani.

The winner qualifies for the UEFA Europa Conference League and also competes in the Georgian Super Cup against the national league champion.
Hakim Adi
Hakim Adi is a British historian and scholar who specialises in African affairs. He was the first African-British historian to become a professor of history in the UK when in 2015 he was appointed Professor of the History of Africa and the African Diaspora at the University of Chichester, launching in 2018 the world's first online MRes in the History of Africa and the African Diaspora.

He has written widely on Pan-Africanism and the modern political history of Africa and the African diaspora, including the 2018 book Pan-Africanism: A History. Adi is an advocate of the education curriculum including the history of Africa and its diaspora. In 2024, he was awarded the ASAUK Outstanding African Studies Award, in recognition of his "commitment to amplifying marginalized voices within historical narratives, thereby empowering contemporary African communities."

Marika Sherwood
Marika Sherwood (8 November 1937 – 16 February 2025) was a Hungarian-born historian, researcher, educator and author based in England. She was a co-founder of the Black and Asian Studies Association and a pioneering researcher into the history of Black British people.
Glen Allen, Missouri
Glen Allen is a village in central Bollinger County in Southeast Missouri, United States, located near the intersection of State Highway 34 and Route ZZ just west of Marble Hill. The population was 57 at the 2020 census.

It is part of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cape Girardeau–Jackson metropolitan area
The Cape Girardeau–Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in southeastern Missouri and one in southern Illinois with its core in both states. Its largest cities are the cities of Cape Girardeau and Jackson. It was upgraded from a Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA) to a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) by the Office of Management and Budget on November 20, 2008.

As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 96,275.