hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duchy of Modena and Reggio
The Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Italian: Ducato di Modena e Reggio; Latin: Ducatus Mutinae et Regii; Emilian: Duchêt ed Mòdna e Rèz) was an Italian state created in 1452 located in Northwestern Italy, in the present-day region of Emilia-Romagna. It was ruled since its establishment by the noble House of Este, and from 1814 by the Austria-Este branch of the family. The Este dynasty was a great sponsor of the arts, making the Duchy a cultural reference during the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

House of Este
The House of Este (UK: /ˈɛsti/ EST-ee, US: /ˈɛsteɪ/ EST-ay, Italian: [ˈɛste]) is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries.

The original House of Este's elder branch, which is known as the House of Welf, included dukes of Bavaria and of Brunswick. This branch produced Britain's Hanoverian monarchs, as well as one Emperor of Russia (Ivan VI) and one Holy Roman Emperor (Otto IV).

The original House of Este's younger branch, which is simply called the House of Este, included rulers of Ferrara (1240–1597), and of Modena (900–1859) and Reggio (1288–1796). This branch's male line became extinct with the death of Ercole III in 1803.
Heisenberg–Langevin equations
The Heisenberg–Langevin equations (named after Werner Heisenberg and Paul Langevin) are equations for open quantum systems. They are a specific case of quantum Langevin equations.

In the Heisenberg picture the time evolution of a quantum system is the operators themselves. The solution to the Heisenberg equation of motion determines the subsequent time evolution of the operators. The Heisenberg–Langevin equation is the generalization of this to open quantum systems.

Heisenberg picture
In physics, the Heisenberg picture or Heisenberg representation is a formulation (largely due to Werner Heisenberg in 1925) of quantum mechanics in which observables incorporate a dependency on time, but the states are time-independent. It stands in contrast to the Schrödinger picture in which observables are constant and the states evolve in time.

It further serves to define a third, hybrid picture, the interaction picture.
Trent Vale
Trent Vale is a suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, bordered on the south by Hanford, to the west by Clayton, to the north by Newcastle-under-Lyme, to the southeast by Oakhill and Penkhull to the northeast. The Springfields and Trent Vale ward population at the 2011 census was 6,816.

The area is home to the Clayton Wood Training Ground, owned by Stoke City FC. Employment is provided locally by the Royal Stoke University Hospital.

St. John the Evangelist Church was erected in the early Gothic style in 1843. The architect was Philip Wooton.

The A34 road runs from north to south through the centre of Trent Vale.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
Ome Railway Park
The Ome Railway Park (青梅鉄道公園, Ōme Tetsudō Kōen) is a railway museum in Ōme, Tokyo, Japan. It opened in 1962, and is operated by the East Japan Railway Culture Foundation, a foundation established by East Japan Railway Company.

Ōme, Tokyo
Ōme (青梅市, Ōme-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 May 2023, the city had an estimated population of 131,128, and a population density of 1300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 103.31 square kilometres (39.89 sq mi).
Turners, Missouri
Turners or Turner is a small unincorporated community located in Greene County, Missouri, United States. It lies on the southeast side of the James River floodplain, approximately 3.5 miles east of U.S. Route 65 in east Springfield.

The community lies at the intersection of Routes D and J near the confluence of Turner Creek with the James River. The old St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (currently the BNSF Railway) passed through the community.

A post office called Turners has been in operation since 1889. The community carries the surname of an original owner of the site.

Greene County, Missouri
Greene County is located in the southwest part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 298,915. making it the fourth most-populous county in Missouri and the most populous outside the Kansas City or Saint Louis metropolitan areas.

Its county seat and most-populous city is Springfield. The county was organized in 1833 and is named after American Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene. Greene County is included in the Springfield metropolitan area. It is in the area of the Ozark Mountains and foothills.
Owasso, Oklahoma
Owasso (/ˈoʊˌwæsoʊ/) is a city in Rogers and Tulsa Counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and the largest northern suburb of Tulsa. The population was 39,328 persons as of the 2022 census estimate, compared to 28,915 at the 2010 census, a gain of 36 percent. Originally settled in 1881 in Indian Territory, the town was incorporated in 1904 just prior to Oklahoma statehood and was chartered as a city in 1972.

Tulsa County, Oklahoma
Tulsa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 669,279, making it the second-most populous county in the state, behind only Oklahoma County. Its county seat and largest city is Tulsa, the second-largest city in the state. Founded at statehood, in 1907, it was named after the previously established city of Tulsa. Before statehood, the area was part of both the Creek Nation and the Cooweescoowee District of Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory. Tulsa County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan statistical area. Tulsa County is notable for being the most densely populated county in the state. Tulsa County also ranks as having the highest income.
Concordia, Mississippi
Concordia is a ghost town in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States, located on the eastern edge of the Mississippi Levee, approximately 2.5 mi (4.0 km) west of Mississippi Highway 1.

Once an important Mississippi River shipping port for cotton, little remains of the community but a cemetery.

Bolivar County, Mississippi
Bolivar County (/ˈbɒlɪvər/ BOL-i-vər), officially the County of Bolivar, is a county located on the western border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,985. Its county seats are Rosedale and Cleveland. The county is named in honor of Simón Bolívar, early 19th-century leader of the independence of several South American territories from Spain.

The Cleveland, Mississippi, Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Bolivar County. It is located in the Mississippi Delta, or Yazoo Basin, of Mississippi. This area was first developed for cotton plantations. Large industrial-scale agricultural operations have reduced the number of farm workers needed, and the population is half of its peak in 1930. Today, soybeans, corn, and rice are also commodity crops.
Lucky Lake
Lucky Lake (2016 population: 289) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Canaan No. 225 and Census Division No. 7. The Village is located at the junction of Highway 42, Highway 45 and Highway 646 approximately 90 km northeast of Swift Current, Saskatchewan.

Division No. 7, Saskatchewan
Division No. 7 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the south-central part of the province. The most populous community in this division is Moose Jaw.
Medinilla waterhousei
Medinilla waterhousei, commonly known as tagimaucia or tagimoucia ([ˈtaŋimouðia], tahng-ee-mow-theea), is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae which is endemic to the highland rainforest of the Fijian island of Taveuni.  It is a liana bearing crimson and white flowers in 30 cm-long hanging clusters.  It only grows at altitudes of over 600 m, flowering from October to December. The flower is the floral emblem of Fiji. The flower is now represented on the Fiji $50 note replacing the queen.

Taveuni
Taveuni (pronounced [tāhvéuni]) is the third-largest island in Fiji, after Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, with a total land area of 434 square kilometres (168 square miles). The cigar-shaped island, a massive shield volcano which rises from the floor of the Pacific Ocean, is situated 6.5 kilometres (4.0 miles) east of Vanua Levu, across the Somosomo Strait. It belongs to the Vanua Levu Group of islands and is part of Fiji's Cakaudrove Province within the Northern Division.

The island's population is estimated to be between 12,000 and 20,000, with the official estimate being 13,774 in the 2017 Fijian census. Over 80% of the island's population are indigenous Fijians.
Springtown, Indiana
Springtown is an unincorporated community in Clay Township, Hendricks County, Indiana.

A post office was established at Springtown in 1843, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1865.

Hendricks County, Indiana
Hendricks County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 174,788. The county seat is the town of Danville. Hendricks County is the third most populous county in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Hendricks County is currently the second fastest-growing county in Indiana and 85th in the nation.
Falkoner (nomination district)
Falkoner nominating district is one of the 92 nominating districts that exists for Danish elections following the 2007 municipal reform. It is one of the 2 nominating districts in Frederiksberg Municipality, the other being Slots. It was created in 1915, though its boundaries have been changed since then.

In general elections, the district is a strong area for parties commonly associated with the red bloc.

Slots (nomination district)
Slots nominating district is one of the 92 nominating districts that exists for Danish elections following the 2007 municipal reform. It is one of the 2 nominating districts in Frederiksberg Municipality, the other being Falkoner. It was created in 1915 and has maintained its boundaries since then.

In general elections, the district is a strong area for parties commonly associated with the red bloc.
Alessio Cerci
Alessio Cerci (Italian pronunciation: [aˈlɛssjo ˈtʃɛrtʃi]; born 23 July 1987) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a winger.

Cerci started his professional football career at Roma, playing four times for the first team before serving periods on loan at Brescia, Pisa and Atalanta. He returned to Roma in 2009, where he sporadically played under Claudio Ranieri and was sold to Fiorentina in August 2010. After two seasons in Florence, he transferred to Torino in June 2012. In September 2014, he was sold to Atlético Madrid, before returning to Italy to play for AC Milan and Genoa.

Internationally, Cerci has represented Italy from under-16 to under-21 youth levels. He made his senior international debut in March 2013 a friendly match against Brazil and was included in their squads for that year's Confederations Cup and the following year's World Cup, winning a bronze medal in the former competition.

Gian Piero Ventura
Gian Piero Ventura (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒam ˈpjɛːro venˈtuːra]; born 14 January 1948) is an Italian football manager.

His playing career as a midfielder was spent in the lower leagues, having not made the grade at Sampdoria, where he began his coaching career with the youth team in 1976. He debuted in Serie A with Cagliari in 1998, and also managed Udinese, Messina, Bari, Torino and Chievo in the top flight.

Ventura was the manager of the Italy national team from 2016 to 2017. He was dismissed when they failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, their first absence from the tournament since 1958.
Warrington Wolves
The Warrington Wolves are a professional rugby league club based in Warrington, England. They play home games at the Halliwell Jones Stadium and compete in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league. 
Warrington are the only British-based club to have played every season in the top flight. They have won the League Championship three times and the Challenge Cup nine times.

The club's traditional home colours are white, primrose and blue. Warrington have local rivalries with Widnes Vikings, St Helens, Wigan Warriors, Salford Red Devils and Leigh Leopards.

Ernest Brookes (rugby league)
Ernest "Ernie" Brookes (first ¼ 1884 – July 1940), also known by the nickname of "The Terrier", was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s, 1910s and 1920s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Lancashire, and at club level for Warrington, as a wing, stand-off or scrum-half.
Bennetts Lane Big Band
The Bennetts Lane Big Band is an Australian large ensemble band playing jazz compositions and improvisations that was formed in 2001 to provide an avenue for original new work.

Three musicians, Eugene Ball, Andrea Keller and Nick Haywood were approached by the management of Bennetts Lane Jazz Club to form the group. An 11 piece group was formed and the band has performed on a regular monthly basis from 2001 to 2008.

The Bennetts Lane Big Band performed the award-winning jazz composition by Eugene Ball, Fool Poet's Portion suite, at a benefit concert for the Melbourne Jazz Co-op in January 2008.

Andrea Keller
Andrea Keller (born 1973) is an Australian pianist and composer. She won three ARIA Award for Best Jazz Album with Thirteen Sketches, Mikrokosmos and Footprints and was nominated in 2013 for the album Family Portraits.
SU-14
The SU-14 was a prototype Soviet heavy self-propelled gun that started out as an open topped vehicle, with the armor being added later on when it was converted into a direct-fire assault gun in 1941. The original prototype, using a modified T-28 chassis, mounted a 203 mm gun B-4 and by 1937 a 150 mm naval gun B-30; the SU-14-1 variant of 1936, using a T-35 chassis, mounted the 203 mm gun B-4 and later the 152 mm gun M1935 (Br-2). Neither version ever entered serial production.

152 mm gun M1935 (Br-2)
152 mm gun M1935 (Br-2) (Russian: 152-мм пушка обр. 1935 г. (Бр-2)) was a Soviet 152.4 mm heavy gun, produced in limited numbers by the Barrikady Plant in Stalingrad in the late 1930s. The most unusual feature of the gun was its tracked carriage, shared by a number of Soviet heavy artillery systems of the interwar period. Despite a number of drawbacks, most notably limited mobility and short service life of the barrel, the weapon was employed throughout the German-Soviet War; an upgraded variant with wheeled carriage, Br-2M, remained in service at least until the 1970s.
Vlašić cheese
Vlašić cheese (Serbo-Croatian: Vlašićki sir / Влашићки сир) or Travnik cheese (Serbo-Croatian: Travnički sir / Травнички сир) is a brined mostly low-fat white cheese made from sheep-milk. Cheese originating from the mountain of Vlašić, just above the town of Travnik in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Depending on amount of brine (salty water) the cheese is kept in, its texture and taste can vary but is mostly dry and quite salty.

Vlašić (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Vlašić (Serbian Cyrillic: Влашић) is a mountain in the geographical center of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its highest peak is Paljenik (also called Opaljenik) with an elevation of 1,933 m. It is famous for its pastures, cattle-breeding and cheese. It is closest to the town of Travnik, which it overlooks.
Season of the Emergence
The Season of the Emergence (Ancient Egyptian: Prt) was the second season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars. It fell after the Season of the Inundation (Ꜣḫt) and before the Season of the Harvest (Šmw). In the Coptic and Egyptian calendars this season begins at the start of the month of Tobi (about 9 January), continues through the months of Meshir and Paremhat, before concluding at the end of Parmouti (about 8 May).: 453

Tobi (month)
Tobi (Coptic: Ⲧⲱⲃⲓ, Tōbi), also known as Tybi (Ancient Greek: Τυβί, Tybí) and Tubah (Arabic: طوبه), is the fifth month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lies between January 9 and February 7 of the Gregorian calendar.

The month of Tobi is also the first month of the season of Proyet (Growth and Emergence) in Ancient Egypt, where the Nile floods recede and the crops start to grow throughout the land of Egypt.
Isoetes taiwanensis
Isoetes taiwanensis is a species of plant in the family Isoetaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan, and the only species of quillwort there. Isoetes taiwanensis can now only be found in Menghuan Pond in Taipei's Yangmingshan National Park.

Isoetes
Isoetes, commonly known as the quillworts, is a genus of lycopod. It is the only living genus in the family Isoetaceae and order Isoetales. As of 2016, there were about 200 recognized species, with a cosmopolitan distribution mostly in aquatic habitats but with the individual species often scarce to rare. Species virtually identical to modern quillworts have existed since the Jurassic epoch, though the timing of the origin of modern Isoetes is subject to considerable uncertainty.

The name of the genus may also be spelled Isoëtes. The diaeresis (two dots over the e) indicates that the o and the e are to be pronounced in two distinct syllables. Including this in print is optional; either spelling (Isoetes or Isoëtes) is correct.
Terje Nilsen
Terje Nilsen (26 November 1951 – 20 March 2019) was a Norwegian singer and songwriter. Nilsen's greatest hit is the song "Mjelle", written in 1974, and appearing on the album "Æ" released in 1977. It later appeared on the album "Kanskje", released in 1990, and had a spell on Norsktoppen.

In addition to his own recordings, Nilsen has collaborated with several well-known Norwegian artists. For instance, he has performed together with Halvdan Sivertsen on numerous occasions. He also sings the chorus on "Pøbla" by north Norwegian hip-hop group Tungtvann, which was a big hit in Norway around 2002.

He was the profile of the year in Nordland Musikkfestuke in 2003.

Nilsen was the uncle of former professional footballers Runar Berg, Ørjan Berg and Arild Berg.

He died on 20 March 2019, aged 67.

Runar Berg
Runar Berg (born 7 October 1970) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He played for Bodø/Glimt, Rosenborg, Tromsø, Lyn, and Venezia. Berg is brother of former Bodø/Glimt and Rosenborg player Ørjan Berg, and son of former Bodø/Glimt midfielder and playmaker Harald Berg.
History of the Jews in Texas
Jewish Texans have been a part of the history of Texas since the first European explorers arrived in the region in the 16th century. In 1990, there were around 108,000 adherents to Judaism in Texas. More recent estimates place the number at around 120,000.

Congregation Tiferet Israel (Austin, Texas)
Congregation Tiferet Israel is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue in Austin, Texas. The building was dismantled and relocated from Brenham, Texas, where it had been known as the B'nai Abraham Synagogue, a congregation organized in 1885.
Belmont Heights, Long Beach, California
Belmont Heights is a district in the south-east portion of the city of Long Beach, California, United States, bordering Bluff Park, Bluff Heights, Recreation Park, Belmont Park, Belmont Shore, and the Pacific Ocean. The district commemorates the old City of Belmont Heights, which was incorporated in 1908 and annexed to Long Beach in 1909.  Belmont Heights' borders are Ocean Boulevard and Livingston Drive to the south, Redondo Avenue on the west, 7th Street to the North, and Nieto Avenue to the east. The area is mostly residential, but also has an active business district, the strip of Broadway east of Redondo Avenue.

Bluff Park, Long Beach, California
Bluff Park is a small, upscale neighborhood in Long Beach, California, United States. There is a bluff along much of the beach in Long Beach, and on one stretch, there is the narrow Bluff Park from which the neighborhood gets its name.

Bluff Park is the location of the Long Beach Museum of Art, as well as many older, well-maintained homes. There is also a Buddhist monastery that once was a Roman Catholic convent.

The boundaries for the Bluff Park Historic District (founded in 1982) are defined as Ocean Boulevard on the south, Junipero Avenue of the west, a jagged line between 2nd St. and Broadway on the north, and Loma Avenue on the east. The community of Belmont Heights is to the east of Bluff Park, the community of Bluff Heights is to the north, and the community of Alamitos Beach is to the west.
Great dodecahemidodecacron
In geometry, the great dodecahemidodecacron is the dual of the great dodecahemidodecahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears indistinct from the great icosihemidodecacron.

Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry. In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions.

The great dodecahemidodecacron can be seen as having six vertices at infinity.

Great icosihemidodecacron
In geometry, the great icosihemidodecacron is the dual of the great icosihemidodecahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears indistinct from the great dodecahemidodecacron.

Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry. In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions.

The great icosihemidodecacron can be seen as having six vertices at infinity.
Operation Reservist
Operation Reservist, also known as the Suicide Charge at Oran, was an Allied military operation during the Second World War. Part of Operation Torch (the Allied invasion of North Africa), it was an attempted landing of troops directly into the harbour at Oran in Algeria.

USCGC Pontchartrain (1928)
USCGC Pontchartrain was a Lake-class cutter belonging to the United States Coast Guard launched on 16 June 1928 and commissioned on 13 October 1928 . After 13 years of service in the Coast Guard, she was transferred to the Royal Navy as part of the Lend-Lease Act. She was sunk in 1942 off Oran Harbor.