hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pierce Courthouse
Pierce Courthouse, also known as Pierce Historic Site, is a historic wooden building located in Pierce, Idaho. It was built in 1862 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

The courthouse, and the town of Pierce itself, is named after Elias D. Pierce, a local metal prospector active in the mid-19th century. Later the town of Pierce became the Shoshone County (Washington Territory) seat. The Pierce Courthouse housed governmental functions until 1885.

The site is operated by the Idaho State Historical Society.

Idaho State Historical Society
The Idaho State Historical Society (ISHS) is a historical society located in the U.S. state of Idaho that preserves and promotes the state's cultural heritage.

The society was founded as the Historical Society of Idaho Pioneers in 1881, nine years before statehood in 1890, and was established as a state agency in 1907. Employing over 50 staff and over 100 volunteers; it includes the Idaho State Historical Museum, the official state museum; the Idaho State Archives, which provides public access to state archives, for which it is responsible, in addition to a variety of other reference material; the State Historic Preservation Office, which maintains records of historic places and archaeological sites in the state; and the Historic Sites Program, which oversees a number of historic sites including the Old Idaho State Penitentiary.
Berg railway station
Berg Station (Norwegian: Berg stasjon) is a closed railway station on the Østfold Line located at Berg in Halden, Norway. It is situated 130.96 kilometers (81.37 mi) from Oslo Central Station (Oslo S). Although disused as a passenger station, Berg still serves as a passing loop and a freight terminal, the Halden Terminal (Haldenterminalen).

The station was opened on 4 February 1879, a month after the Østfold Line. It received a wooden station building designed by Peter Andreas Blix, which was ultimately demolished in 1989. Passenger trains stopped calling at Berg from 29 May 1983 when only express train services remained south of Moss. Halden Terminal opened in 1986, but has struggled to become a viable operation.

Berg, Østfold
Berg is a former parish and municipality which now forms part of Halden municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The rural municipality was (together with Idd) was merged with the city of Halden on 1 January 1967.
Aura (woreda)
Aura is a woreda in Afar Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 4, Aura is bordered on the southwest by Ewa, on the west by Gulina, on the north by Teru, and on the east by Administrative Zone 1; the Logiya River defines part of its southeastern boundary. The largest settlement in Aura is Derayitu.

Teru (woreda)
Teru is one of the Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 4, Teru is bordered on the south by Aura, on the southwest by Gulina, on the west by Yalo, and on the north and east by the Administrative Zone 2. The major settlement in this woreda is Alelo.
ISO 639:p
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with P.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:e
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with E.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
Rakhshani dialect
Rakhshani (Balochi: رخشانی), also termed Western Balochi, is a Balochi dialect. The dialect has several important subdialects and spoken predominantly in Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. The Ethnologue website has classified the dialect under the western Balochi.

Baloch of Turkmenistan
The Baloch of Turkmenistan (Balochi: ترکمنستانءِ بلۏچ (Perso-Arabic) / Туркманиста̄нӣ Бало̄ч (Cyrillic)) are a small part of the greater  Baloch people who live primarily in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. The 2022 census revealed the number of ethnic Baloch in Turkmenistan is 87,503. This figure corresponds to 1.24% of the population.

They immigrated into the Merv and the Murghab River inland delta from  the areas west and north of Herat, Afghanistan, Chakhansur district in the province of Nimruz (Baloch of Afghanistan) and Iran in the mid 19th century. More followed in the early 20th century and before closure of the Russian/Soviet borders under Stalin in 1925.
Motion compensation
Motion compensation in computing is an algorithmic technique used to predict a frame in a video given the previous and/or future frames by accounting for motion of the camera or objects in the video. It is employed in the encoding of video data for video compression, for example, in the generation of MPEG-2 files. Motion compensation describes a picture in terms of the transformation of a reference picture to the current picture. The reference picture may be previous in time or even from the future. When images can be accurately synthesized from previously transmitted/stored images, the compression efficiency can be improved.

Motion compensation is one of the two key video compression techniques used in video coding standards, along with the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Most video coding standards, such as the H.26x and MPEG formats, typically use motion-compensated DCT hybrid coding, known as block motion compensation (BMC) or motion-compensated DCT (MC DCT).

Transform coding
Transform coding is a type of data compression for "natural" data like audio signals or photographic images. The transformation is typically lossless (perfectly reversible) on its own but is used to enable better (more targeted) quantization, which then results in a lower quality copy of the original input (lossy compression).

In transform coding, knowledge of the application is used to choose information to discard, thereby lowering its bandwidth. The remaining information can then be compressed via a variety of methods. When the output is decoded, the result may not be identical to the original input, but is expected to be close enough for the purpose of the application.
Marquette Park (Gary)
Marquette Park, originally called Lake Front Park, is a municipal park completely surrounded by Indiana Dunes National Park. Its primary features include 1.4 miles (2.2 km) of Lake Michigan beaches, inland ponds, sand dunes, wetlands, a lagoon, and indigenous oak savanna. The park is located within the Miller Beach community. The park includes the Octave Chanute museum, registered as a National Landmark of Soaring.

Jacques Marquette
Jacques Marquette SJ (French pronunciation: [ʒak maʁkɛt]; June 1, 1637 – May 18, 1675), sometimes known as Père  Marquette or James Marquette, was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Sainte Marie, and later founded Saint Ignace. In 1673, Marquette, with Louis Jolliet, an explorer born near Quebec City, was the first European to explore and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River Valley.
Straumen, Trøndelag
Straumen is the administrative centre of Inderøy Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Trondheimsfjord at the northeastern side of the Inderøya peninsula, next to the Børgin fjord. The village lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the village of Sakshaug and about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of the villages of Røra and Hylla. The village has a slaughterhouse, a folk high school, and a museum. The Sakshaug Church and the historic Old Sakshaug Church lie just west of Straumen.

The 1.43-square-kilometre (350-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,900 and a population density of 1,329 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,440/sq mi).

Børgin
Børgin is a fjord branch in the eastern part of Trondheimsfjorden in Steinkjer Municipality and Inderøy Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long fjord is about 1 to 3 kilometres (0.62 to 1.86 mi) wide, although the mouth of the fjord is only 100 metres (330 ft) wide. The mouth of the fjord is by the village of Straumen and there is a bridge across the fjord at its narrowest point.
Alistair McAlpine, Baron McAlpine of West Green
Robert Alistair McAlpine, Baron McAlpine of West Green (14 May 1942 – 17 January 2014) was a British businessman, politician and author who was an advisor to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

McAlpine was descended from the McAlpine baronets who made their fortune in the construction industry. McAlpine held a variety of jobs before becoming prominent in British politics in the 1980s as the treasurer and a major fundraiser of the Conservative Party. A close ally of Thatcher, McAlpine did not support her successor as Prime Minister John Major, and later joined James Goldsmith's Referendum Party. McAlpine later rejoined the Conservatives but resigned his seat in the House of Lords.

Outside politics McAlpine was prominent in a variety of business developments in Australia as well as being an art collector and memoirist.

Broome, Western Australia
Broome, also known as Rubibi by the Yawuru people, is a coastal pearling and tourist town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 2,046 km (1,271 mi) north of Perth. The town recorded a population of 14,660 in the 2021 census. It is the largest town in the Kimberley region.
Mikkeli Province
The Mikkeli Province (Finnish: Mikkelin lääni, Swedish: S:t Michels län) was a province of Finland from 1831 to 1997. The province was named after the city of Mikkeli.

Under Russian rule, it was called Saint Michel Governorate. Parts of the province were transferred to the Central Finland Province in 1960. In 1997 it was merged with Kuopio Province and Northern Karelia Province into the new Eastern Finland Province.

Central Finland Province
The Central Finland Province (Finnish: Keski-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Mellersta Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1960 to 1997. The area of the Central Finland Province was the same as the area of Central Finland region.

The Central Finland Province was established in 1960 when it was separated from the Vaasa Province. Minor parts of Häme Province, Kuopio Province and Mikkeli Province were also merged to the new province. In 1997 it was reunited with Vaasa and together with the northern part of the Häme Province and the Turku and Pori Province it was merged into the new Western Finland Province.
Maʼdi language
Maʼdi (pronounced [màɗɨ́]) is a Central Sudanic language spoken in Uganda and South Sudan. It is one of the Moru–Madi languages. The Madi people refer to their language as Maʼdi ti, literally "Maʼdi mouth".

The Maʼdi people are found in Magwi County in South Sudan, and in Adjumani and Moyo districts in Uganda. Their population is about 390,000 (90,000 in South Sudan).

Maʼdi is mutually intelligible with Oluʼbo, Lugbara, Moru, Avokaya, Kaliko and Logo, all of which are also Moru–Madi languages.

Moru–Madi languages
The Moru–Madi languages of the Central Sudanic language family are a cluster of closely related languages spoken in South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda. Moru is spoken by 100,000 people, and Maʼdi is spoken by twice that number. The most populous languages are Aringa of Uganda, with close to a million speakers, and Lugbara, with 1.6 million.
Mangatangi
Mangatangi is a locality about 7 km east of Mangatāwhiri and 10.5 km west of Miranda in the Waikato District in the North Island of New Zealand.

Mangatangi Reservoir in the Hunua Ranges to the north was created by the Mangatangi Dam, a rolled earth water supply dam built in the 1970s. The Mangatangi River flows south from the reservoir to become the Maramarua River.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "Stream of Weeping" for Mangatangi.

The Mangatangi Hall on Kaiaua Road was opened in 1940 and extended in 1960. It contains the Mangatangi-Miranda roll of honour for local people who fought in the Second World War.

Waikato Tainui
Waikato Tainui, Waikato or Tainui is a group of Māori iwi based in the Waikato Region, in the western central region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the larger Tainui confederation of Polynesian settlers who arrived to New Zealand on the Tainui waka (migration canoe). The tribe is named after the Waikato River, which plays a large part in its history and culture.

Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, the first Māori king, was a member of the Ngāti Mahuta hapu (sub-tribe) of Waikato iwi, and his descendants have succeeded him. The king movement is based at Tūrangawaewae marae (meeting place) in Ngāruawāhia.

The Waikato-Tainui iwi comprises 33 hapū (sub-tribes) and 68 marae (family groupings), with a population of over 80,000 tribal members who affiliate to it. In the 2023 New Zealand census, 47,664 people gave Waikato as an affiliation. Hamilton City is now the tribe's largest population centre, but Ngāruawāhia remains its historical centre and modern capital.
Wylam
Wylam /ˈwaɪləm/ is a village and civil parish in the county of Northumberland, England. It is located about 10 miles (16 km) west of Newcastle upon Tyne.

It is famous for the being the birthplace of George Stephenson, one of the early railway pioneers. George Stephenson's Birthplace, his cottage, can be found on the north bank of the Tyne 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village. It is owned by the National Trust.

Wylam has further connections with the early railway pioneers. The steam locomotive engineer Timothy Hackworth, who worked with Stephenson, was also born here. William Hedley who was born in the nearby village of Newburn attended the village school. He later went on to design and manufacture Puffing Billy in 1813, two years before George Stephenson produced his first locomotive Blücher. Christopher Blackett as lord of the manor in the first 30 years of the 19th century provided the entrepreneurial drive that encouraged these engineers.

Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway
The Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway was a railway company that built the 6+1⁄2 miles (10.5 km) North Wylam branch or North Wylam loop on the former Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. The loop line opened between 1871 and 1876 and followed the former Wylam waggonway past the cottage where George Stephenson was born. The company was taken over by the North Eastern Railway in 1883.

Following Dr Beeching's report in 1963 it was proposed that the original Newcastle & Carlisle line should close between Scotswood and Wylam. However, this was unsuccessful, and it was the Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam line that closed in 1968. Today, the route is part of the Hadrian’s Cycleway.
Touchpad
A touchpad or trackpad is a type of pointing device. Its largest component is a tactile sensor: an electronic device with a flat surface that detects the position and motion of a user's fingers, and translates them into 2D motion to control a pointer in a graphical user interface. Touchpads are common on laptop computers, contrasted with desktop computers, with which mice are more prevalent. Trackpads are sometimes used with desktop setups where desk space is scarce. Wireless touchpads are also available as detached accessories. Due to the ability of trackpads to be made small, they were additionally used on personal digital assistants (PDAs) and some portable media players.

Pointing device
A pointing device is a human interface device that allows a user to input spatial (i.e., continuous and multi-dimensional) data to a computer. Graphical user interfaces (GUI) and CAD systems allow the user to control and provide data to the computer using physical gestures by moving a hand-held mouse or similar device across the surface of the physical desktop and activating switches on the mouse. Movements of the pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the pointer (or cursor) and other visual changes.  Common gestures are point and click and drag and drop.

While the most common pointing device by far is the mouse, many more devices have been developed. However, the term mouse is commonly used as a metaphor for devices that move a computer cursor.

Fitts's law can be used to predict the speed with which users can use a pointing device.
Zay language
Zay (Oromo: Lak'i, Laqi) is an Afroasiatic language of the Semitic branch spoken in Ethiopia. It is one of the Gurage languages in the Ethiopian Semitic group. The Zay language has around 14,000 speakers known as the Zay, who inhabit Gelila and the other five islands and shores of Lake Zway in the southern part of the country.

Ethio-Semitic languages
Ethio-Semitic (also Ethiopian Semitic, Ethiosemitic, Ethiopic or Abyssinian) is a family of languages spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan. They form the western branch of the South Semitic languages, itself a sub-branch of Semitic, part of the Afroasiatic language family.

With 57,500,000 total speakers as of 2019, including around 25,100,000 second language speakers, Amharic is the most widely spoken of the group, the most widely spoken language of Ethiopia and second-most widely spoken Semitic language in the world after Arabic. Tigrinya has 7 million speakers and is the most widely spoken language in Eritrea. Tigre is the second-most spoken language in Eritrea, and has also a small population of speakers in Sudan. The Geʽez language has a literary history in its own script starting in the 1st century. Geʽez is no longer spoken, but remains the liturgical language of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches, as well as their respective Eastern Catholic counterparts.
Plaza Dos de Mayo
The Dos de Mayo Square (Spanish: Plaza Dos de Mayo), known as the Óvalo de la Reina until 1866, is a public square located in Lima, Peru. Located on the southwestern edge of the historic centre's bufferzone, it serves as the junction of several important avenues, including Alfonso Ugarte, La Colmena and Colonial avenues. In the late 20th century, a vehicular tunnel was built under the square to curb traffic congestions.

Óscar R. Benavides Avenue
Óscar R. Benavides Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Óscar R. Benavides), formerly known as Colonial Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Colonial), is a major avenue in Lima, Peru. It connects Lima District of the eponymous province with the districts of Bellavista and Callao of the neighbouring city, both within the Lima Metropolitan Area.

It starts at the Plaza Dos de Mayo, with its intersection forming part of the western limit of the historic centre of Lima, and continues westbound, joining the cities of Lima and Callao. It is named after Óscar R. Benavides, two-time president of Peru (1914–1915; 1933–1939).
Nuçi's Space
Nuçi's Space is a resource center based in Athens, Georgia, United States, which provides rehearsal and performance space for local musicians, as well as services to support the well-being of the music community. As the global center for local music, Nuçi's Space seeks to preserve and enhance the music community in Athens through operating facilities, as well as services that support the well-being of performers and the local musicians community. In 2013, the company purchased the steeple of the former St. Mary's Episcopal Church. Prior to its demolition, the church was noted as being the venue for the 1980 debut performance of the band that became R.E.M.

St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Athens, Georgia)
St. Mary's Episcopal Church was an Episcopal church in Athens, Georgia, United States. Completed in 1869, it came to prominence after the musical group R.E.M., then without a name, played its first concert there in 1980.

The church was built for workers at the nearby Athens Manufacturing Company, owned by Robert Lee Bloomfield; the factory closed in 1892.
Bitung
Bitung, officially the City of Bitung (Indonesian: Kota Bitung), is a coastal city at the north-eastern edge of the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia.  Bitung is located in the province of North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara), and faces Lembeh Island (which forms two districts of the city), and the Lembeh Strait, which is known for its colourful marine life, in particular sea slugs.  Bitung has a population of 187,932 at the 2010 Census, making it the second most populated city in the province after the capital Manado, rising to 225,134 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 232,440 (comprising 119,120 males and 113,330 females).

A number of development projects have been completed, or are currently undergoing centring around the city; these include the Bitung Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Manado–Bitung Toll Road, Bitung International Ocean Going Ship Port, and the Makassar-Bitung rail track; which will automatically make the city a gateway to the Pacific region.

Lembeh
Lembeh is an island off the north east coast of Sulawesi near the city of Bitung.

Lembeh Island is 25 km long and 2 km wide. Lembeh Island is separated from the mainland of Sulawesi by a narrow stretch of water known as the Lembeh Strait.

The Lembeh Strait is world-known for its extremely high density of rare and unusual marine life, in particular frogfish, rare species of octopus, seahorses and nudibranchs.

Lembeh Strait is a destination favoured by experienced scuba divers and underwater photographers from all over the world.

Due to the protected geographical features of Lembeh Strait, diving is available throughout the year and would be rarely cancelled due to bad weather.

Several resorts are available on Lembeh Island for divers from all over the world.
Gogol (crater)
Gogol is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1985. Gogol is named for the Russian playwright Nikolai Gogol, who lived from 1809 to 1852.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

The large crater Vālmiki is to the northeast of Gogol.  Bartók is to the east.

Vālmiki (crater)
Vālmiki is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. It is named for the Indian poet Valmiki.

Vālmiki is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.

Vālmiki is located between the ancient, large craters Tolstoj (to the west) and Beethoven (to the east).  To the southwest is Gogol, and to the southeast is Bartók.

Vālmiki at center with Beethoven in the background

Enhanced color image of Tolstoj crater (top center) and Bashō crater (lower left), with Vālmiki in the right corner.