hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eskişehir
Eskişehir (US: /ˌɛskɪʃəˈhɪər/ ES-kish-ə-HEER, Turkish: [esˈkiʃehiɾ]; from eski 'old' and şehir 'city') is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. The urban population of the city is 821 315 (Odunpazarı + Tepebaşı), with a metropolitan population of 921 630.

The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby hills one can find hot springs. The city is 233 km (145 mi) to the west of Ankara, 330 km (205 mi) to the southeast of Istanbul and 78 km (48 mi) to the northeast of Kütahya. It is located in the vicinity of the ancient city of Dorylaeum.

Known as a university town, it houses Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, and Anadolu University. The province covers an area of 2,678 km2 (1,034 sq mi).

Eusebius of Dorylaeum
Eusebius of Dorylaeum (Greek: Εὐσέβιος) was the 5th-century bishop of Dorylaeum (modern-day Eskişehir, Turkey), who spoke out against dissident teachings, especially those of Nestorius and Eutyches, during the period of Christological controversy. After succeeding in having them expelled from their positions, Eusebius was himself deposed and only reinstated two years later, after which the doctrine in dispute was more precisely defined.
Suffolk University Law School
Suffolk University Law School (also known as Suffolk Law School) is the private, non-sectarian law school of Suffolk University located in downtown Boston, across the street from the Boston Common and the Freedom Trail, two blocks from the Massachusetts State House, and a short walk to the financial district. Suffolk Law was founded in 1906 by Gleason Archer Sr. to provide a legal education for those who traditionally lacked the opportunity to study law because of socio-economic or racial discrimination.

Suffolk Law school has full-time, part-time evening, hybrid online, accelerated and dual-degree JD programs. It has been accredited by the American Bar Association since 1953 and the Association of American Law Schools since 1977.

According to Suffolk's Office of Professional and Career Development 2021 ABA-required disclosures, 82.8% of the Class of 2021 obtained full-time, long-term, bar admission required or JD advantage employment nine months after graduation.

Marty Meehan
Martin Thomas Meehan (born December 30, 1956) is an American academic administrator, politician, and attorney. Since July 2015, Meehan has served as the President of the University of Massachusetts after serving as Chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Lowell since September 2007.

Meehan, a Democrat, served in the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2007 as the Representative for Massachusetts's 5th congressional district.
2014 Masters Tournament
The 2014 Masters Tournament was the 78th edition of the Masters Tournament, the first of golf's four major championships in 2014. It was held April 10–13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Bubba Watson won his second Masters, three shots ahead of runners-up Jonas Blixt and Jordan Spieth; defending champion Adam Scott tied for fourteenth place.

After world number one Tiger Woods withdrew, three entered Augusta with a chance to leave with the top ranking. Adam Scott needed a two-way tie for third, Henrik Stenson a two-way tie for second, and Jason Day a win. The trio finished T-14, T-14, and T-20, respectively, so Woods remained number one.

Oliver Goss
Oliver Goss (born 12 April 1994) is an Australian professional golfer. He is from Fremantle, Western Australia.

Goss won the 2012 John Hughes Geely Nexus Risk Services Western Australia Open Championship on the PGA Tour of Australasia while still an amateur.

Goss was runner-up in the 2013 U.S. Amateur. He was the only amateur golfer to make the cut at the 2014 Masters Tournament and thus received low amateur honors.

Goss turned professional after the 2014 U.S. Open and made his professional debut at the next week's Travelers Championship.
Tied aid
Tied aid is a kind of foreign aid. It must be spent on products and services provided by companies from the country providing the aid (the donor country) or in a group of specified countries.

A developed country provides a bilateral loan or grant to a developing country, but mandates that the money be spent on goods or services produced in the selected country. Conversely, untied aid is a type of foreign aid with no geographical restrictions.

In 2006, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) estimated that 41.7 percent of Official Development Assistance is untied aid.

Official development assistance
Official development assistance (ODA) is a category used by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to measure foreign aid. The DAC first adopted the concept in 1969. It is widely used as an indicator of international aid flow. It refers to material resources given by the governments of richer countries to promote the economic development of poorer countries and the welfare of their people. The donor government agency may disburse such resources to the government of the recipient country or through other organizations. Most ODA is in the form of grants, but some is measured as the concessional value in soft (low-interest) loans.

In 2019, the annual amount of state donor aid counted as ODA was US$168 billion, of which US$152 billion came from DAC donors.
Reba Rakshit
Reba Rakshit (Bengali: রেবা রক্ষিত; 1933–2010) was an Indian bodybuilder and exponent of yoga who was a pupil of Bishnu Charan Ghosh at the College of Physical Culture in Kolkata and specialized in withstanding heavy weights upon her body. She would let fully loaded cars or elephants pass over her body. She was the first Indian woman to lift an elephant upon her chest.

Bishnu Charan Ghosh
Bishnu Charan Ghosh (24 June 1903 – 9 July 1970) was an Indian bodybuilder and Hathayogi. He was the younger brother of yogi Paramahansa Yogananda, who wrote the 1946 book Autobiography of a Yogi. In 1923, he founded the College of Physical Education, Calcutta. His writings influenced the development of modern yoga as exercise in India and Bikram Choudhury founded Bikram Yoga based on his teachings.

Annual yoga championships in Los Angeles are named the Bishnu Charan Ghosh Cup in his honour.
Achagua language
Achagua, or Achawa (Achagua: Achawa), is an Arawakan language spoken in the Meta Department of Colombia, similar to Piapoco. It is estimated that 250 individuals speak the language, many of whom also speak Piapoco or Spanish.

"Achagua is a language of the Maipurean Arawakan group traditionally spoken by the Achagua people of Venezuela and east-central Colombia."

A "Ponares" language is inferred from surnames, and may have been Achawa or Piapoco.

There is 1–5% literacy in Achagua.

Upper Amazon Arawakan languages
The Upper Amazon Maipurean languages, a.k.a. North Amazonian or Inland Northern Maipuran, are Arawakan languages of the northern Amazon in Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Brazil.

Upper Amazon Arawakan has been surveyed comprehensively by Henri Ramirez (2001), which includes a historical reconstruction as well.
Baron Botetourt
Baron Botetourt (/ˈbɒtətɔːrt/ BOT-ə-tort) is an abeyant title in the Peerage of England. It was created by writ of summons on 19 June 1305. It became abeyant in 1406, but was recalled from abeyance in 1764 for Norborne Berkeley. However, it became abeyant again on his death in 1770. It was recalled a second time in 1803 for the 5th Duke of Beaufort, and became a subsidiary title of the dukes of Beaufort until the death of the 10th Duke in 1984, when it became, and remains, abeyant.

Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt
Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt (c. 1717 – 15 October 1770) was a British Tory politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770, when he died in office. While serving as rector at the College of William & Mary, Berkeley endowed the creation of the Botetourt Medal, an award to incentivize student scholarship.: 147–148  After his death, the Virginia General Assembly commissioned Richard Hayward to produce Lord Botetourt, a marble statue depicting Berkeley that stood in the Capitol in Williamsburg. The original survives on the campus of the college, while a replica stands in front of the college's Wren Building.
Chuck Biscuits
Chuck Biscuits (born Charles Montgomery on April 17, 1965) is a retired Canadian drummer best known for his work across multiple punk rock and heavy metal bands.

Biscuits was a member of D.O.A. from 1978 to 1982, playing on the band's first two albums before briefly joining Black Flag and later Circle Jerks. He later joined Danzig in 1987, playing on the band's first four albums as well as their first EP before leaving in 1994. Most recently, he played in Social Distortion from 1996 to 1999.

1982 Demos
The Complete 1982 Demos is an unreleased set of demo tracks intended for a follow-up album to Black Flag's debut album Damaged (1981).

The tracks recorded show the band moving in a riff-driven, heavy metal-inflected direction, away from the pure hardcore punk of the first album. Due to legal issues, the album was never recorded, though most of the tracks were re-recorded for later albums. Though never officially released, the recordings have been widely bootlegged.

A version of the album called "The Complete 1982 Demos Plus More!" exists, which includes a separate bootleg named "1984 Radio Tokyo Demos". These were recorded live on radio in 1984, as the name would suggest. The original Tokyo bootleg consisted of 5 songs, along with an interview, an intro and an outro, bringing the total to 8 songs. However only "I Love You", "My War", "The Swinging Man" and the interview were included on the re-release of the 1982 demos.
Oneroa, Cook Islands
Oneroa is the largest village on Mangaia Island, which is part of the Cook Islands archipelago. It is located towards the west of the island, in the district of Kei'a, and contains over half of the island's population. Oneroa is a contiguous village area that consists of three villages, Tavaʻenga, Kaumata and Temakatea.

Mangaia
Mangaia (traditionally known as A'ua'u Enua, which means "terraced island") is the most southerly of the Cook Islands and the second largest, after Rarotonga. It is a roughly circular island, with an area of 51.8 square kilometres (20.0 sq mi), 203 kilometres (126 mi) from Rarotonga. Originally heavily populated, Mangaia's population has dropped by 75% in the last 50 years, mainly due to the decline of the pineapple industry in the 1980s and a subsequent economic crisis in 1996.
Francis Wayland
Francis Wayland (March 11, 1796 – September 30, 1865) was an American Baptist minister, educator and economist. He was president of Brown University and pastor of the First Baptist Church in America in Providence, Rhode Island.  In Washington, D.C., Wayland Seminary was established in 1867, primarily to educate former slaves, and was named in his honor.

Wayland, Massachusetts
Wayland is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The town was founded in 1638, and incorporated in 1780 and was originally part of neighboring Sudbury (incorporated 1639). At the 2020 United States census, the population was 13,943. It contains the census-designated place of Cochituate.
Croatian Basketball All-Star Game
The Croatian Basketball All-Star Game is an annual basketball event in Croatia, organised by the Croatian Basketball Federation and it was established in 1993, nearly two years after Croatia gained its independence and organised its first championship. The only All-Star Game experience the Croatian fans had enjoyed prior to the first edition of the 1993–94 season was the 1991 Yugoslav All-Star Game which was the only ever to take place in former Yugoslavia.

Croatian Basketball Federation
The Croatian Basketball Federation (Croatian: Hrvatski košarkaški savez) is a non-profit organization and the national sports governing body of basketball in Croatia.

It was founded on 19 December 1948 as a member of the larger Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia. On 19 January 1992, the HKS joined the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). Croatia competes in the European region of FIBA.

The Federation runs the men's national team and the women's national team.
Braccagni
Braccagni (Italian: [brakˈkaɲɲi]) is a village in Tuscany, administratively a frazione of the comune of Grosseto.

It is positioned in the northern part of the municipal territory, at the bottom of the hill of Montepescali.

Montepescali railway station
Montepescali railway station is an Italian railway station on the Tirrenica railway line, located in the village of Braccagni, at the bottom of the hill of Montepescali, near the city of Grosseto. It serves as a junction for services on the Siena–Grosseto line that connect here and follow the main line south into Grosseto.
O.S.C.A.
O.S.C.A. (Officine Specializzate Costruzione Automobili—Fratelli Maserati S.p.A.) was an Italian manufacturer of racing and sports cars established 1947 in San Lazzaro di Savena, Bologna, by the Maserati brothers, and closed down in 1967. The company name is usually written OSCA or Osca.

Desmodromic valve
In general mechanical terms, the word desmodromic is used to refer to mechanisms that have different controls for their actuation in different directions.

A desmodromic valve is a reciprocating engine poppet valve that is positively closed by a cam and leverage system, rather than by a more conventional spring.

The valves in a typical four-stroke engine allow the air/fuel mixture into the cylinder at the beginning of the cycle and exhaust spent gases at the end of the cycle. In a conventional four-stroke engine, valves are opened by a cam and closed by return spring. A desmodromic valve has two cams and two actuators, for positive opening and closing without a return spring.
Wyre Forest District Council elections
Wyre Forest District Council elections are held every four years. Wyre Forest District Council is the local authority for the non-metropolitan district of Wyre Forest in Worcestershire, England. Prior to 2019 elections were held three years out of every four, with a third of the council elected each time. Since the last boundary changes in 2015, 33 councillors have been elected from 12 wards.

Wyre Forest District
Wyre Forest is a local government district in Worcestershire, England. It is named after the ancient woodland of Wyre Forest. The largest town is Kidderminster, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Stourport-on-Severn and Bewdley, along with several villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district borders Bromsgrove District to the east, Wychavon to the south-east, Malvern Hills District to the south-west, Shropshire to the north-west, and South Staffordshire to the north.
Cinnaminson Township Public Schools
The Cinnaminson Township Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Cinnaminson Township, in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2021–22 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 2,736 students and 226.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.1:1.

The Project Challenge program is a program for gifted students from grades 2 through 8 who attend New Albany Elementary School, Eleanor Rush Intermediate School and Cinnaminson Middle School, where students can learn more while having fun. Project Challenge was conceived by Elaine Mendelow, a teacher in the district, who taught it for over 20 years, now being retired from the program.

Cinnaminson Township, New Jersey
Cinnaminson Township is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Cinnaminson Township borders the Delaware River, and is an eastern suburb of Philadelphia. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 17,064, an increase of 1,495 (+9.6%) from the 2010 census count of 15,569, which in turn reflected an increase of 974 (+6.7%) from the 14,595 counted in the 2000 census. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

Cinnaminson was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1860, from portions of Chester Township (now known as Maple Shade Township). Portions of the township were taken to form Delran Township (February 12, 1880), Riverton (December 18, 1893) and Palmyra (April 19, 1894).
Soleilmoon Recordings
Soleilmoon Recordings is an American record label that began in 1987 as a cassette label, operating from the back of a record shop called the Ooze in Portland, Oregon, US.

The first releases were by Smegma, Muslimgauze, Coil, and Nocturnal Emissions. In 1991 the shop was sold and Soleilmoon became a full-time label.

Muslimgauze
Muslimgauze was the main musical project of Bryn Jones (17 June 1961 – 14 January 1999), a British experimental musician who was influenced by conflicts and history in the Muslim world, often with an emphasis on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. With dozens of albums released under the Muslimgauze name, Jones was prolific, but he never achieved mainstream success. His music, categorized as an example of ethnic electronica, has been described by one critic as "among the most startling and unique in the noise underground".

Despite his project name, Jones was not a Muslim. The name Muslimgauze is a play on the word muslin (a type of gauze) combined with Muslim, referring to Jones' preoccupation with conflicts throughout the Muslim world.
Pleckstrin homology domain
Pleckstrin homology domain (PH domain) or (PHIP) is a protein domain of approximately 120 amino acids that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.

This domain can bind phosphatidylinositol lipids within biological membranes (such as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate), and proteins such as the βγ-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and protein kinase C. Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways.

Ceramide kinase
In enzymology, a ceramide kinase, also abbreviated as CERK, (EC 2.7.1.138) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

ATP + ceramide  ADP + ceramide 1-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and ceramide, whereas its two products are ADP and ceramide-1-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:ceramide 1-phosphotransferase. This enzyme is also called acylsphingosine kinase.  This enzyme participates in sphingolipid metabolism.
Sandsjøen
Sandsjøen is a lake in Lierne Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast of the municipal center, Sandvika. The village of Holand is located on the northern shore of Sandsjøen.

The lake, near the Swedish border, is the beginning of the Sanddøla river, a main tributary of the river Namsen. The lake flows out into the lake Laksjøen to the west.

Lierne Municipality
Lierne is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, and it is the largest municipality by area in Trøndelag. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sandvika. Other villages include Inderdal, Mebygda, and Tunnsjø senter. The municipality borders Sweden to the south and east. Most of Lierne Municipality lies on the Swedish side of the drainage divide between Norway and Sweden.

The 2,962-square-kilometre (1,144 sq mi) municipality is the 16th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lierne Municipality is the 314th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,301. The municipality's population density is 0.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Ohio State Route 385
State Route 385 (SR 385) is an east–west state highway in western Ohio.  The western terminus of State Route 385 is at U.S. Route 33 in New Hampshire, at a signalized intersection that doubles as the southern terminus of State Route 196.  State Route 385's eastern terminus is at State Route 117 in the unincorporated community of Roundhead, less than two blocks northwest of State Route 117's junction with State Route 235.

Hardin County, Ohio
Hardin County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,696. Its county seat and largest city is Kenton. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1833. It is named for John Hardin, an officer in the American Revolution.
HMS Hart (U58)
HMS Hart was a modified Black Swan-class sloop of the Royal Navy. She saw service as a convoy escort during the Second World War, seeing service in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Far East in 1945. She also took part in the Korean War in 1950 and 1951.

She was sold to Federal Republic of Germany in 1959, where she was renamed Scheer and was used as a radar training ship.

Black Swan-class sloop
The Black Swan class and Modified Black Swan class were two classes of sloop of the Royal Navy and Royal Indian Navy.  Twelve Black Swans were launched between 1939 and 1943, including four for the Royal Indian Navy; twenty-five Modified Black Swans were launched between 1942 and 1945, including two for the Royal Indian Navy; several other ships were cancelled.
The Christmas Raccoons
The Christmas Raccoons is the first of four Canadian animated television specials, before the main animated television series succeeding it, The Raccoons, took place. It was first broadcast on CBC in Canada on 17 December 1980 and three days later in first-run syndication in the United States on 20 December. The story takes place in the Evergreen Forest, home of the forest ranger Dan, his children Tommy and Julie, and their pet sheepdog, Schaeffer.

The special was followed by The Raccoons on Ice (1981) and The Raccoons and the Lost Star (1983), the direct-to-video special The Raccoons: Let's Dance! (1984) and finally the television series beginning in 1985.

The Raccoons
The Raccoons is a Canadian animated television series that ran on CBC from 11 November 1985, to 19 March 1991, in Canada and on Disney Channel from 4 July 1985, to 28 August 1992, in the U.S., with three preceding television specials from its inception in 1980, and one direct-to-video special in 1984. The franchise was created by Kevin Gillis with the co-operation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)
Cartoon Network Australia is an Australian pay television channel broadcast as a local feed of its American counterpart. It was launched on 3 October 1995, and is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific. It primarily shows animated programming.

The channel began broadcasting as a part of the Cartoon Network Asia service on 30 June 1995. It was later separated from the broader pan-Asian service on 3 October 1995.

Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific
Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific is a division of Warner Bros. Discovery that operates several television channels in Asia and Australasia, along with the Discovery+ streaming service.

In April 2022, WarnerMedia Entertainment Networks Asia-Pacific (founded in 1989) merged with Discovery Asia-Pacific (founded in 1994) after their owners, WarnerMedia (then owned by AT&T before being spun off), merged with Discovery, Inc. It has consequently been announced that Discovery+, which is currently available in India and was available in the Philippines, would be merged with HBO Go, to form simply Max on 19 November 2024.