hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Drtija
Drtija (pronounced [dəɾˈtiːja]; German: Drittai) is a settlement in the Municipality of Moravče in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlets of Belnek, Brinje, Gorica, Kovačija, Podbrdo, Kuga, Štance Laze, Štebalija, Štorovje, and Straža. Before the First World War, the hamlets scattered along the Slivna Plateau were collectively known as Za Goro (German: Mariae Virginis).

Štebalija
Štebalija (pronounced [ʃtɛbaˈliːja]) is a former settlement in the Municipality of Moravče in central Slovenia. It is now part of the village of Drtija. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Kenilworth railway station
Kenilworth railway station serves the town of Kenilworth, Warwickshire, England; it is a stop on the Coventry to Leamington Line. The original Kenilworth station opened in 1844, before being rebuilt in 1884 and closed in 1965. In 2013, it was announced that the station would reopen in 2016; it finally reopened on 30 April 2018.

Kenilworth
Kenilworth (/ˈkɛnɪlwərθ/ KEN-il-wərth) is a market town and civil parish in the Warwick District of Warwickshire, England, 5.5 miles (9 km) southwest of Coventry and 4.5 miles (7 km) north of both Warwick and Leamington Spa. Situated at the centre of the county, the town lies on Finham Brook, a tributary of the River Sowe, which joins the River Avon 2 miles (3 km) north-east of the town. At the 2021 Census, its population was 22,538. The town is home to the ruins of Kenilworth Castle and Kenilworth Abbey.
Beta function (physics)
In theoretical physics, specifically quantum field theory, a beta function or Gell-Mann–Low function, β(g), encodes the dependence of a coupling parameter, g, on the energy scale, μ, of a given physical process described by quantum field theory.
It is defined by the Gell-Mann–Low equation or renormalization group equation, given by

and, because of the underlying renormalization group, it has no explicit dependence on μ, so it only depends on μ implicitly through g.
This dependence on the energy scale thus specified is known as the running of the coupling parameter, a fundamental 
feature of scale-dependence in quantum field theory, and its explicit computation is achievable through a variety of mathematical techniques. The concept of beta function was first introduced by Ernst Stueckelberg and André Petermann in 1953, and independently postulated by Murray Gell-Mann and Francis E. Low in 1954.

Asymptotic freedom
In quantum field theory, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases. (Alternatively, and perhaps contrarily, in applying an S-matrix, asymptotically free refers to free particles states in the distant past or the distant future.)

Asymptotic freedom is a feature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the quantum field theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons, the fundamental constituents of nuclear matter.  Quarks interact weakly at high energies, allowing perturbative calculations.  At low energies, the interaction becomes strong, leading to the confinement of quarks and gluons within composite hadrons.

The asymptotic freedom of QCD was discovered in 1973 by David Gross and Frank Wilczek,  
and independently by David Politzer in the same year. 
For this work all three shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.
German Heathen Front
Deutsche Heidnische Front (DHF or German Heathens' Front) was a far right Neo-Nazi group created in 1998 as the German section of the Heathen Front. It was formed by avowed neo-Nazi Hendrik Möbus. It has been inactive since 2005.

Heathen Front
The Allgermanische Heidnische Front (AHF) was an international neo-Nazi organisation, active during the late 1990s and early 2000s, that espoused a form of racial Germanic Neopaganism. It grew from the Norsk Hedensk Front (NHF), which was claimed to be led and founded by the musician Varg Vikernes in 1993, although he and the organisation denied it. The program was based on his first book, Vargsmål (1994), published shortly after he was convicted for church arson and the murder of fellow musician Euronymous.
2011 PEI Labatt Tankard
The 2011 PEI Labatt Tankard was held February 3–8 at the Silver Fox Curling Club in Summerside, Prince Edward Island.  The winning team of Eddie MacKenzie will represent Prince Edward Island at the 2011 Tim Hortons Brier in London, Ontario.

2011 Tim Hortons Brier
The 2011 Tim Hortons Brier, the Canadian men's national curling championship, was held March 5 until March 13, 2011 at the John Labatt Centre in London, Ontario. This event marked the 30th time that the province of Ontario has hosted the Brier since it began in 1927 in Toronto, Ontario and the first time a Bronze Medal Game was added to the playoffs.

In the final, Manitoba's Jeff Stoughton defeated Ontario's Glenn Howard 8–6. Team Manitoba were nearly perfect in the game, curling a record 96%. The team led 4–2 after 5, and stole two points in the sixth to take a 6–2 lead, after Howard was light on a draw. Stoughton's win was the first win for Manitoba in 12 years, when he last won the event, and was the 27th title for the province. A total of 8,261 spectators were on hand to watch the final. Team Stoughton went on to represent Canada at the 2011 World Men's Curling Championship, where they won the gold medal.
1851–1855 Yellow River floods
The 1851–1855 Yellow River floods were a series of natural disasters along the Yellow River in China, culminating in the 1855 channel change event. Some data is missing from this period, especially 1854. but it seems that water levels were high for most of 1851-1855.

The Yellow River had flowed along various courses south of the Shandong Peninsula since the disastrous floods of 1194. These mid-19th century floods reversed that, shifting the river into a path north of Shandong once again and causing it to empty into the Bohai Sea near Tianjin rather than the Yellow Sea on the Jiangsu coast.

This natural disaster is thought to have been a major cause of the Taiping Rebellion and Nian Rebellion.

Nian Rebellion
The Nian Rebellion (Chinese: 捻亂; pinyin: Niǎn Luàn) was an insurrection against the Qing dynasty in northern China from 1851 to 1868, contemporaneously with the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864) in southern China. The rebellion was suppressed, but the population and economic losses contributed to the collapse of the empire in the early 20th century.
Cornish Riviera Express
The Cornish Riviera Express is a British express passenger train that has run between London Paddington and Penzance in Cornwall since 1904. Introduced by the Great Western Railway, the name Cornish Riviera Express has been applied to the late morning express train from London to Penzance continuously through nationalisation under British Rail and privatisation under First Great Western, only ceasing briefly during the two World Wars. The name is also applied to the late morning express train running in the opposite direction from Penzance to London. Through performance and publicity the Cornish Riviera Express has become one of the most famous named trains in the United Kingdom and is particularly renowned for the publicity employed by the Great Western Railway in the 1930s which elevated it to iconic status. Today it is operated by the Great Western Railway train operating company.

GWR 6000 Class
The Great Western Railway (GWR) 6000 Class or King Class is a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives designed for express passenger work and introduced in 1927. They were the largest locomotives built by the GWR, apart from the unique Pacific (The Great Bear). The class was named after kings of the United Kingdom and of England, beginning with the then reigning monarch, King George V, and going back through history. They handled the principal GWR expresses on the main line from London to the West of England and on the Chiltern line to Birmingham and Wolverhampton, until 1962 when the class was withdrawn.
Upper Swabia
Upper Swabia (German: Oberschwaben [ˈoːbɐˌʃvaːbn̩] or Schwäbisches Oberland) is a region in Germany in the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. The name refers to the area between the Swabian Jura, Lake Constance and the Lech. Its counterpart is Lower Swabia (Niederschwaben), the region around Heilbronn.

Lower Swabia
Lower Swabia (German: Niederschwaben, Unterschwaben or Schwäbisches Unterland) is a region in Germany in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg. The name, which refers to medieval Swabia, is applied to the region around Heilbronn. The exact geographical location of this area has not been strictly defined. However, most of the area is situated in the North of Baden-Württemberg, and includes some of the Neckar river valley. Its counterpart is Upper Swabia (Oberschwaben), which lies directly to the South by lake Constance and the Swabian Alb.
The Saint (film series)
The Saint (film series) refers to eight B movies made by RKO Radio Pictures between 1938 and 1941, based on some of the books in British author Leslie Charteris' long-running series about the fictional character Simon Templar, better known as The Saint.

The Saint (Simon Templar)
The Saint is the nickname of the fictional character Simon Templar, featured in a series of novels and short stories by Leslie Charteris published between 1928 and 1963. After that date other authors collaborated with Charteris on books until 1983; two additional works produced without Charteris's participation were published in 1997. The character has also been portrayed in the franchise The Saint, which includes motion pictures, radio dramas, comic strips, comic books, and three television series.
Dogs in warfare
Dogs have a very long history in warfare, beginning in ancient times. From being trained in combat, to their use as scouts, sentries, messengers, mercy dogs, and trackers, their uses have been varied, and some continue to exist in modern military usage.

United States Air Force Security Forces
The United States Air Force Security Forces (SF) are the ground combat force and military police service of the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force. The USAF Security Forces were formerly known as Military Police (MP), Air Police (AP), and Security Police (SP) at various points in their history.
Earl Blumenauer
Earl Francis Blumenauer (/ˈbluːmənaʊ.ər/ BLOOM-ə-nowər; born August 16, 1948) is an American lawyer, author, and politician who served as the U.S. representative for Oregon's 3rd congressional district from 1996 to 2025. The district includes most of Portland east of the Willamette River.

As a member of the Democratic Party, Blumenauer previously spent over 20 years as a public official in Portland, including serving on the Portland City Council from 1987 to 1996, when he succeeded Ron Wyden in the U.S. House of Representatives. Wyden was elected to the U.S. Senate after Bob Packwood resigned.

Blumenauer is known for his distinctive bow ties and neon bicycle lapel pins. Blumenauer gifts his signature bike pins to fellow congressmen, interns, and staffers.

Since January 2025, Blumenauer serves as a senior fellow at Portland State University and as special advisor to university president Ann Cudd.

United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus
The U.S. Congressional International Conservation Caucus, founded in September 2003, is a bipartisan congressional organization with the conviction that “the United States of America has the opportunity, the obligation and the interests to advance the conservation of natural resources for this and future generations,” and a commitment to promote U.S. leadership in public/private conservation partnerships worldwide.

These partnerships are supported in order to ensure stewardship for natural resources that can lead to habitat and biodiversity protection, poverty alleviation, economic development and regional safety. The ICC constitutes the second largest bipartisan congressional caucus, with over 1/3 of the U.S. House of Representatives, and over 1/4 of the U.S. Senate as acting members.
Lower Batkhela
Lower Batkhela is one of three administrative unit, known as Union council, of Batkhela Tehsil other being the Middle Batkhela and Upper Batkhela in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Malakand has 2 Tehsils i.e. Swat Ranizai and Sam Ranizai. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of Union councils. There are 28 union councils in district Malakand.

Batkhela
Batkhela (Pashto: بټ خېله, Urdu: بٹ خیلہ) is a city, tehsil and the district headquarter of the Malakand District within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the population of Batkhela was recorded at 68,200. Batkhela is considered as one of the most popular business cities in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.  A water canal that pours into a small dam in the Jabban area near Batkhela is the main source of electricity production here.

Batkhela General Civil Headquarters Hospital is the main hospital of the district Malakand.
Batkhela's main bazaar is more than 4.0 Kilometres long. Making it Asia's longest Bazar.
Lothingland Rural District
Lothingland was a rural district in East Suffolk, England, named after the ancient half-hundred of Lothingland which was merged with Mutford half-hundred in 1763 to form Mutford and Lothingland.

The rural district was formed in 1934 by the merger of most of Mutford and Lothingland Rural District along with part of Blything Rural District, both of which were being abolished.   It covered a coastal area between Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft.

The district was administered from offices in Rectory Road, Lowestoft. The site is now occupied by Kingswear Court.

The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and split between the new districts of the borough of Great Yarmouth (in Norfolk) and Waveney (in Suffolk).

East Suffolk (county)
East Suffolk, along with West Suffolk, was created in 1888 as an administrative county of England. The administrative county was based on the eastern quarter sessions division of Suffolk. East Suffolk County Council's headquarters were at East Suffolk County Hall in Ipswich.

In 1974, most of the county reunified with West Suffolk and the county borough of Ipswich to form the non-metropolitan county of Suffolk.
Tucson Gunners
The Tucson Gunners are a defunct minor professional basketball team based in Tucson, Arizona.  They played in the Western Basketball Association and won the league's first and only championship Notable players included Al Smith, Gerald Henderson, and future coach Jim Boylan.

Western Basketball Association
The Western Basketball Association was formed in 1978 and played for one season during 1978–79. Organized by Larry Creger, a former assistant coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and American Basketball Association (ABA), and real estate developer Neil Christianson.
Swathi (1984 film)
Swathi is a 1984 Telugu-language drama film written, produced and directed by Kranthi Kumar. The film starred Suhasini, Bhanu Chander and Sarada in lead roles. Upon release the film received positive reviews and became instant hit at the box office. The film won four Nandi Awards, two Filmfare Awards South, and was premiered at International Film Festival of India. The film was remade in Hindi with same name and in Kannada as Usha.

Swati (1986 film)
Swati is a 1986 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Kranthi Kumar. The film stars Meenakshi Sheshadri in the title role alongside an ensemble star cast consisting of Shashi Kapoor, Sharmila Tagore, Madhuri Dixit, Raja Bundela, Vinod Mehra, Akbar Khan and Sarika. Meenakshi Sheshadri's performance was highly appreciated and is considered amongst her best performances. The film was a remake of the director's own Telugu film of the same name. The film belongs to the art house cinematic genre, known in India as parallel cinema.
Friendship graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the friendship graph (or Dutch windmill graph or n-fan) Fn is a planar, undirected graph with 2n + 1 vertices and 3n edges.

The friendship graph Fn can be constructed by joining n copies of the cycle graph C3 with a common vertex, which becomes a universal vertex for the graph.

By construction, the friendship graph Fn is isomorphic to the windmill graph Wd(3, n). It is unit distance with girth 3, diameter 2 and radius 1. The graph F2 is isomorphic to the butterfly graph. Friendship graphs are generalized by the triangular cactus graphs.

Windmill graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the windmill graph Wd(k,n) is an undirected graph constructed  for k ≥ 2 and n ≥ 2 by joining n copies of the complete graph Kk at a shared universal vertex. That is, it is a 1-clique-sum of these complete graphs.
Emanuele Basile
Emanuele Basile (Italian pronunciation: [emanuˈɛːle baˈziːle]; July 2, 1949 – May 4, 1980) was an Italian captain of the Carabinieri and a collaborator of Paolo Borsellino on anti-Mafia investigations. He was killed by Cosa Nostra in Monreale, Palermo, shot repeatedly in the back whilst he carried his four-year-old daughter, who was unhurt in the shooting. He was working with Borsellino on traffic of heroin and killings related to Mafia in Corleone at the time of his death. The investigation on his murder was headed by Borsellino.

The hit team was made up by Vincenzo Puccio, Armando Bonanno and Giuseppe Madonia of the Resuttana Mafia family, with logistical support from Giovanni Brusca.

On 14 November 1992, Salvatore Riina and Francesco Madonia were sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder.

Vincenzo Puccio
Vincenzo Puccio (27 November 1945 – 11 May 1989) was a member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was from Palermo and joined the Ciaculli Mafia family sometime in the late 1970s, although, like many other members of that particular family, he operated a great deal under the orders of the Corleonesi.
Meshkat (missile)
The Meshkat (Persian: مشکات, meaning "Lantern") is a medium-range cruise missile built by Iran.

The missile can be fired from ground, air and sea and will have a range of 2000 km.

On 2015 a long-range cruise missile was revealed under the name "Soumar (missile)" which possibly is the more matured type of Meshkat. The range of the missile was not mentioned. Haaretz newspaper claimed the design closely resembles the Kh-55 that Iran acquired from Ukraine in 2001. Because of the similarities media guess a range between 2000 and 3000 km for it.

Kh-55
The Kh-55 (Russian: Х-55, also known as RKV-500; NATO reporting name: AS-15 "Kent") is a Soviet/Russian subsonic air-launched cruise missile, designed by MKB Raduga in the 1970s. It has a range of up to 2,500 km (1,350 nmi) and can carry nuclear warheads. Kh-55 is launched exclusively from bomber aircraft and has spawned a number of conventionally armed variants mainly for tactical use, such as the Kh-65SE and Kh-SD, but only the Kh-555 appears to have been put into service. The Kh-55 was not the basis of the submarine and ground-launched S-10 Granat or RK-55 Relief (SS-N-21 "Sampson" and SSC-X-4 "Slingshot") designed by NPO Novator. The RK-55 is very similar to the air-launched Kh-55 (AS-15 "Kent") but the Kh-55 has a drop-down turbofan engine and was designed by MKB Raduga.
Cheapside
Cheapside is a street in the City of London, the historic and modern financial centre of London, England, which forms part of the A40 London to Fishguard road. It links St Martin's Le Grand with Poultry. Near its eastern end at Bank Junction, where it becomes Poultry, is Mansion House, the Bank of England, and Bank station. To the west is St Paul's Cathedral, St Paul's tube station and square.

In the Middle Ages, it was known as Westcheap, as opposed to Eastcheap, another street in the City, near London Bridge. The boundaries of the wards of Cheap, Cordwainer and Bread Street run along Cheapside and Poultry; prior to boundary changes in 2003 the road was divided amongst Farringdon Within and Cripplegate wards in addition to the current three.

The contemporary Cheapside is the location of a range of retail and food outlets and offices, as well as the City's only major shopping centre, One New Change.

Eastcheap
Eastcheap is a street in central London that is a western continuation of Great Tower Street towards Monument junction. Its name derives from cheap, the Old English word for market, with the prefix 'East' distinguishing it from Westcheap, another former market street that today is called Cheapside.

In medieval times, Eastcheap was the main meat market in the City of London, with butchers' stalls lining both sides of the street. It is also notable as the former location of Falstaff's Boar's Head Inn, featured in William Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2.
Breedenbroek
Breedenbroek is a Dutch village in the Achterhoek region in the Gelderland province, near the town Dinxperlo, Netherlands. It is located some 3 kilometres from the German border. Since the municipal rearrangement in 2005, Breedenbroek is a part of the municipality of Oude IJsselstreek.

It was first mentioned in 1386 as Bredenbroick, and means "wide swampy land". The land was cultivated during the Middle Ages. The southern part became property of the Lords of Anholt and became known as Klein-Breedenbroek and the main settlement is often called Groot-Breedenbroek. In 1840, it was home to 283 people. The church dates from 1855. In 2015, was decommissioned, and in 2021 the church was transformed into a cultural centre. The grist mill "De Kempermolen" was built in 1882. In 1975, it was in poor condition and restored. In 2002–2003, it was repaired again.

Oude IJsselstreek
Oude IJsselstreek (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʌudə ˈʔɛisəlstreːk] ⓘ) is a municipality in the province of Gelderland, in the eastern Netherlands. It was established on 1 January 2005 by a merger of the former municipalities of Gendringen and Wisch.
14th Horse (Scinde Horse)
The Scinde Horse is an armoured regiment in the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army. The regiment, known before independence as the 14th Prince of Wales's Own Scinde Horse was a regular cavalry regiment of the Bombay Army, and later the British Indian Army.

Scinde Horse is the only regiment known to honour its enemy till date (the Baluchi warrior on its badge) and has not changed its badge since its raising.  At one point, the regiment carried nine Standards while on parade (regiments normally hold one), a unique privilege given to it for its valour.  The regiment was the first cavalry unit of the British Indian Army to be mechanized (at Rawalpindi, in 1938). It was also the first cavalry regiment to get the President of India's Standard after independence.

Battle of Gujrat
The Battle of Gujrat was a decisive battle in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, fought on 21 February 1849, between the forces of the East India Company, and a Sikh army in rebellion against the company's control of the Sikh Empire, represented by the child Maharaja Duleep Singh who was in British custody in Lahore. The Sikh army was defeated by the British regular and Bengal Army forces of the British East India Company. After it capitulated a few days later, the Punjab was annexed to the East India Company's territories and Duleep Singh was deposed.