hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liberal Student Clubs (Romania)
The Liberal Student Clubs (Romanian: Cluburile Studenţeşti Liberale, CSL) are the student organisations of the National Liberal Party (PNL) of Romania. They have representation at the national level, National Coordinating Office, president Radu Surugiu, CSL organisations are found in all university cities (centre universitare) like Timișoara, Iaşi, Cluj-Napoca, Pitești, and Bucharest.

National Liberal Party (Romania)
The National Liberal Party (Romanian: Partidul Național Liberal, PNL) is a Christian democratic political party in Romania. As of mid 2025, it is the country's third largest political party overall. Re-founded in mid January 1990, shortly after the Revolution of 1989 which culminated in the fall of communism in Romania, it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name, active between 1875 and 1947 in the Kingdom of Romania.

Based on this historical legacy, it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest of its kind from the family of European liberal parties as well.
Charles Tilly
Charles Tilly (May 27, 1929 – April 29, 2008) was an American sociologist, political scientist, and historian who wrote on the relationship between politics and society. He was a professor of history, sociology, and social science at the University of Michigan from 1969 to 1984 before becoming the Joseph L. Buttenwieser Professor of Social Science at Columbia University.

He has been described as "the founding father of 21st-century sociology" and "one of the world's preeminent sociologists and historians."  He published widely across topics such as urban sociology, state formation, democracy, social movements, labor, and inequality. He was an influential proponent of large-scale historical social science research. The title of Tilly's 1984 book Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparisons is characteristic of his particular approach to social science research.

George C. Homans
George Caspar Homans (August 11, 1910 – May 29, 1989) was an American sociologist, founder of behavioral sociology, the 54th president of the American Sociological Association, and one of the architects of social exchange theory. Homans is best known in science for his research in social behavior and his works The Human Group, Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms, his contributions to exchange theory, and the different propositions he developed to explain social behavior. He is also the third great-grandson of the second President of the United States, John Adams.
Shadow of the Eagle (1950 film)
Shadow of the Eagle is a 1950 British-Italian historical drama film directed by Sidney Salkow and starring Richard Greene, Valentina Cortese and Greta Gynt. It was written Doreen Montgomery and Hagar Wilde based on a story by Jacques Companéez. A separate Italian version The Rival of the Empress was released in 1951.

Princess Tarakanova
Princess Tarakanova (c. 1745 – December 15 [O.S. December 4] 1775) was a pretender to the Russian throne. She styled herself, among other names, Knyazhna Yelizaveta Vladimirskaya (Princess Elizabeth of Vladimir),  Fräulein Frank, and Madame Trémouille. Tarakanova (tarakan is the Russian word for cockroach) is a later name, used only in entertainment (literature, theater, films, paintings), apparently on the basis of her relatives (from her father prince Razumovsky's side)  being the owners of the estate Daraganovka (Tarakanovka) in Ukraine - the place where she (apparently) grew up. In her own time, she was not known by that name.
WPI Engineers football
The WPI Engineers football team represents Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in the sport of American football. The Engineers compete in Division III (DIII) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the NEWMAC. WPI's football program is one of the oldest in the country. The team has been coached by Chris Robertson since the 2010 season.

WPI plays its home games at Alumni Stadium, located on the campus in Worcester, Massachusetts, with a capacity of 2,000.

Alumni Stadium (WPI)
Alumni Stadium is a football and all-purpose stadium located on the campus of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is the home field of the WPI Engineers football team of the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC). The present seating capacity of the stadium is 2,000. Opened 110 years ago in 1914, it was named Alumni Stadium in honor of all the alumni who funded its construction.
Lands of Schlawe and Stolp
The Schlawe and Stolp Land (also known as Słupsk and Sławno Land) is a historical region in Pomerania, centered on the towns of Sławno (Schlawe) and Słupsk (Stolp) in Farther Pomerania (Eastern Pomerania), present-day Poland.

The area holds historical significance as it was initially ruled by a cadet branch of the House of Griffin and did not belong to the Duchy of Pomerania (Slavinia) under Duke Wartislaw I and his descendants when they became vassals of the Holy Roman Emperor in 1181. It was ruled by the Samboride dukes of Pomerelia from 1227 and conquered by Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg-Stendal in 1309. The region was not incorporated into the Duchy of Pomerania until 1317.

Lauenburg and Bütow Land
Lauenburg and Bütow Land (German: Länder or Lande Lauenburg und Bütow, Kashubian: Lãbòrskò-bëtowskô Zemia, Polish: Ziemia lęborsko-bytowska) formed a historical region in the western part of Pomerelia (Polish and papal historiography) or in the eastern part of Farther Pomerania (German historiography). It was composed of two districts centered on the towns of Lauenburg (Lębork) and Bütow (Bytów). The land is today part of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Vartdal Municipality
Vartdal is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 123.5-square-kilometre (47.7 sq mi) municipality existed from 1895 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Ørsta Municipality in the traditional district of Sunnmøre. The administrative centre was the village of Sætre (which is also known as Vartdal). Other villages in the municipality included Flåskjer and Nordre Vartdal. The main church for Vartdal was Vartdal Church, located in the village of Nordre Vartdal.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 123.5-square-kilometre (47.7 sq mi) municipality was the 473rd largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Vartdal Municipality was the 563rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,315. The municipality's population density was 10.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (27/sq mi) and its population had increased by 14% over the previous 10-year period.

Vartdalsfjorden
Vartdalsfjorden is a fjord (more technically, a strait) in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It begins at the Storfjorden and Sulafjorden in the northeast and flows through Hareid Municipality and Ulstein Municipality on the northern shore of the fjord and through Ørsta Municipality and Volda Municipality on the southern shore.

The 20-kilometre (12 mi) long fjord has one road crossing, the Eiksund Tunnel. The deepest part of the fjord reaches 365 metres (1,198 ft) below sea level. The village of Vartdal lies on the southern shore of the fjord in Ørsta Municipality.
Saint Martin's Island
Saint Martin's Island (Bengali: সেন্টমার্টিন দ্বীপ, romanized: Sēnṭmārṭin Dbīp) is a small coral island in the north-eastern part of the Bay of Bengal, about 9 km south of the tip of the Cox's Bazar-Teknaf peninsula, and forms the southernmost part of Bangladesh. It has an area of only 3 km2. A small adjoining island that is separated at high tide, called Chhera Dwip, is about 8 kilometres (5 miles) west of the northwest coast of Myanmar, at the mouth of the Naf River. St. Martin's Island is Bangladesh's only coral island.

A nine-month tourist restriction on St. Martin's Island has been imposed which is to start from February 1, 2025. Currently, only the Cox's Bazar-St. Martin route remains open amid Myanmar border tensions.

Naf River
The Naf River (Bengali: নাফ নদী Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod̪i]; Burmese: နတ်မြစ် [naʔ mjɪʔ]; Rakhine: နတ်မြစ် [nɛ́ mràɪʔ]) is an international river marking part of the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.
Bowmansville, New York
Bowmansville is a hamlet located in the town of Lancaster in Erie County, New York, United States. It is named after Benjamin Bowman, the owner of sawmills on Ellicott Creek in the center of the hamlet.

Lancaster, New York
Lancaster is a town in Erie County, New York, United States, centered 14 miles east of downtown Buffalo. Lancaster is an outer ring suburb of Buffalo. As of the 2020 Census, the town population was 45,106. Located within the town is the village of Lancaster and the eastern half of the village of Depew. Depew's western half lies within the town of Cheektowaga.
Wendefurth
Wendefurth is a hamlet in central Germany that, since 1 July 2009, has been part of the borough of Thale district of Harz. Previously it belonged to the municipality of Altenbrak which was incorporated into Thale.

Thale
Thale (pronounced [ˈtaːlə]) is a town in the Harz district in Saxony-Anhalt in central Germany. Located at the steep northeastern rim of the Harz mountain range, it is known for the scenic Bode Gorge stretching above the town centre.
Lavochkin
NPO Lavochkin (Russian: НПО Лавочкина, OKB-301, also called Lavochkin Research and Production Association or shortly Lavochkin Association, LA) is a Russian aerospace company. It is a major player in the Russian space program, being the developer and manufacturer of the Fregat upper stage, as well as interplanetary probes such as Fobos-Grunt. As of 2015, it was headed by Sergei Lemeshevskii. On 10 August 2017 the Lavochkin Association's Board of Directors appointed Vladimir Kolmykov Director General of the enterprise.

Lavochkin La-152
The Lavochkin La-152, (USAF reporting name - Type 4), and its variants, was a jet fighter prototype designed and manufactured by the Lavochkin Design Bureau (OKB) shortly after the end of World War II. Derived from the Lavochkin La-150, the 152 used several different engines, but the program was canceled as other fighters with more powerful engines and swept wings showed more promise.
A Greek–English Lexicon
A Greek–English Lexicon, often referred to as Liddell & Scott (/ˈlɪdəl/) or Liddell–Scott–Jones (LSJ), is a standard lexicographical work of the Ancient Greek language originally edited by Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones, and Roderick McKenzie and published in 1843 by the Oxford University Press.

It was most recently revised for its ninth edition of 1940. Abridged versions and a supplement exist. It was initially the basis for the 2021 Cambridge Greek Lexicon, although subsequently that became a complete rewrite from scratch.

A Latin Dictionary
A Latin Dictionary (or Harpers' Latin Dictionary, often referred to as Lewis and Short or L&S) is a popular English-language lexicographical work of the Latin language, published by Harper and Brothers of New York in 1879 and printed simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Oxford University Press.
Valdgeym
48°43′N 132°54′E﻿ / ﻿48.717°N 132.900°E﻿ / 48.717; 132.900

Valdgeym (Russian: Валдгейм; Yiddish: װאלדהײם, Valdheym; German: Waldheim) is a rural locality (a selo) in Birobidzhansky District of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia.  Valdgeym was the place where the first collective farm was established in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. As of 1992, Valdgeym was the largest farming cooperative in the region.

Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) is a federal subject of Russia in the far east of the country, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan.

The JAO was designated by a Soviet official decree in 1928, and officially established in 1934. At its height, in the late 1940s, the Jewish population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of its population. Since then, the share of Jews steadily declined, and according to the 2021 Russian census, there were only 837 ethnic Jews left in the JAO (0.6%).

Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia provides that the JAO is Russia's only autonomous oblast. It is one of two officially Jewish jurisdictions in the world, the other being Israel. It is one of the few places in the world where Yiddish is a recognized minority language.
Stevens Point Brewery
Stevens Point Brewery is a regional American brewery located in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. The brewery is the fifth-oldest continuously operating brewery and the third-oldest privately owned brewery in the nation.

Stevens Point, Wisconsin
Stevens Point is a city in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. Its population was 25,666 at the 2020 census. It forms the core of the Stevens Point micropolitan statistical area, which had a population of 70,377 in 2020.

Stevens Point was incorporated in 1858. The city is home to the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point and a campus of Mid-State Technical College.
Patsville, Nevada
Patsville is an extinct town in Elko County, in the U.S. state of Nevada. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place. Located approximately two miles south of Mountain City on NSR 225, the community is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The former mining community existed from about 1932 until 1949.

Elko County, Nevada
Elko County is a county in the northeastern corner of Nevada, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,702. Its county seat is Elko. The county was established on March 5, 1869, from Lander County. Elko County is the fourth-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, ranking lower when the boroughs of Alaska are included. It is one of only 10 counties in the U.S. with more than 10,000 square miles (25,900 km2) of area. Elko County is the second-largest county by area in Nevada, with only Nye County being larger. Elko County is part of the Elko micropolitan statistical area. It contains 49.8 percent of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation, set up in the late 19th century for the Shoshone-Paiute peoples; they are a federally recognized tribe. Although slightly more than 50% of the reservation is across the border in Owyhee County, Idaho, the majority of tribal members live on the Nevada side. The reservation's land area is 450.391 square miles (1,166.5 km2).
Creek Street, Brisbane
Creek Street is a major street in the central business district of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The street follows a one-way south–north direction, starting at the beginning of Charlotte Street and cutting through Elizabeth Street, Queen Street, Adelaide Street, and Ann Street before coming to an end at Turbot Street in the northern end of the CBD. Creek Street was named for the filled-in creek over which it was constructed, and is an exception to the convention of parallel streets in the CBD being named after male royals.

Brisbane central business district
The Brisbane central business district (CBD), officially Brisbane City, is the central suburb and central business district of Brisbane, the state capital of  Queensland, Australia. It is also colloquially referred to as the "CBD", "the city", or simply "town". The CBD is located on a point on the northern bank of the Brisbane River, historically known as Meanjin, Mianjin  or Meeanjin in the local Yuggera dialect. The triangular-shaped peninsula is bounded by the median of the Brisbane River to the east, south and west. The point, known at its tip as Gardens Point, slopes upward to the north-west where the city is bounded by parkland and the inner city suburb of Spring Hill to the north. The CBD is bounded to the north-east by the suburb of Fortitude Valley. To the west the CBD is bounded by Milton, Petrie Terrace, and Kelvin Grove.

In the 2021 census, the suburb of Brisbane City had a population of 12,587 people.
Formigara
Formigara (locally Furmighèra) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Formigara borders the following municipalities: Castelgerundo, Castiglione d'Adda, Gombito, Pizzighettone, San Bassano.

Castelgerundo
Castelgerundo is a new comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 55 kilometres (34 mi) southeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Lodi.

Casrelgerundo borders the following municipalities: Formigara, Castiglione d'Adda, Maleo, Terranova dei Passerini, Pizzighettone, Cavacurta, Codogno.

The new municipality, from 1 January 2018, was made from the union of Cavacurta and Camairago. The municipality contains also the frazione (subdivision) Bosco Valentino e Mulazzana.
Great Unrest
The Great Unrest, also known as the Great Labour Unrest, was a period of labour revolt between 1911 and 1914 in the United Kingdom. The agitation included the Tonypandy riots, 1911 Liverpool general transport strike, national railway strike of 1911, national coal strike of 1912 and the 1913 Dublin lockout. It was United Kingdom's most significant labour unrest since the Industrial Revolution but is not as widely remembered as the 1926 general strike. The period of unrest was labelled "great" not because of its scale, but due to the level of violence employed by both the state and labourers; including deaths of strikers at the hands of police and sabotage on the part of the workers.

1911 Liverpool general transport strike
The 1911 Liverpool general transport strike, also known as the great transport workers' strike, involved dockers, railway workers, sailors and other tradesmen. The strike paralysed Liverpool commerce for most of the summer of 1911. It also transformed trade unionism on Merseyside. For the first time, general trade unions were able to establish themselves on a permanent footing and become genuine mass organisations of the working class.
Regensburg lecture
The Regensburg lecture or Regensburg address was delivered on 12 September 2006 by Pope Benedict XVI at the University of Regensburg in Germany, which sparked international reactions and controversy. The lecture entitled "Faith, Reason and the University – Memories and Reflections" (German: Glaube, Vernunft und Universität – Erinnerungen und Reflexionen).

University of Regensburg
The University of Regensburg (German: Universität Regensburg) is a public research university located in the city of Regensburg, Germany. The university was founded on 18 July 1962 by the Landtag of Bavaria as the fourth full-fledged university in Bavaria. Following groundbreaking in 1965, the university officially opened to students during the 1967–1968 winter semester, initially housing faculties in Law and Business Sciences and Philosophy. During the summer semester of 1968 the faculty of Theology was created. Currently, the University of Regensburg houses eleven faculties.

The university actively participates in the European Union's SOCRATES programme as well as part of the Compostela-Group. Its most famous academic, Pope Benedict XVI, served as a professor there until 1977 and formally retained his chair in theology.
Trill consonant
In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator. Standard Spanish ⟨rr⟩ as in perro, for example, is an alveolar trill.

A trill is made by the articulator being held in place and the airstream causing it to vibrate. Usually a trill vibrates for 2–3 contacts, but may be up to 5, or even more if geminate. However, trills may also be produced with only one contact. While single-contact trills are similar to taps and flaps, a tap or flap differs from a trill in that it is made by a muscular contraction rather than airstream. Individuals with ankyloglossia may have issues producing the trill sound.

Voiceless dental and alveolar trills
Voiceless dental and alveolar trills are a type of consonantal sound. They differ from their cognate /r/ only by the vibrations of the vocal cord. It occurs in a few languages, usually alongside the voiced version, as a similar phoneme or an allophone.

Proto-Indo-European *sr developed into a sound written as ⟨ῥ⟩, with the letter for /r/ and the diacritic for /h/, in Ancient Greek. It was probably a voiceless alveolar trill and became the regular word-initial allophone of /r/ in standard Attic Greek that has disappeared in Modern Greek.

*Proto-Indo-European *srew- > Ancient Greek ῥέω "flow", possibly [r̥é.ɔː]
SV Südwest Ludwigshafen
SV Südwest Ludwigshafen is a German association football club from the city of Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Rhineland-Palatinate. The club was formed on 29 May 1964 out of the merger of the traditional sides Sportverein 03 Ludwigshafen and Phoenix Tura 1882. They currently play in the level six division Verbandsliga Südwest.

Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen
The Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen was the highest football league in the German state of Hesse, the Bavarian province of Palatinate, the Saarland and some parts of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau from 1933 to 1941. From 1941, it also included parts of the occupied French region of Lorraine. Additionally, the league was from then on divided in the Gauligas Hessen-Nassau and Westmark.

Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the Gaue Hesse Nassau and Saar-Palatinate (later: Westmark) replaced the old states and provinces.
Sông Bé province
Sông Bé was a province in southern Vietnam, which bordered Cambodia to the north, Lâm Đồng to the east, Đắk Nông to the northeast, Hồ Chí Minh City to the south and Tây Ninh to the west.

Sông Bé was formed in 1976 in merge of three previous provinces, Bình Dương, Phước Long and Bình Long. Its capital was at Thủ Dầu Một. In 1995, it had area of 8519.4 km2 and population of 1081700. On 1 January 1997, it was again split into two provinces, Bình Dương and Bình Phước.

The separation revealed the regional inequality within the former province: While Bình Dương is one of the most industrialised provinces in southern Vietnam, Bình Phước is one of the least industrialised - in the late 1990s even less industrialised than the provinces of the Central Highlands. However, the gap between the two provinces has diminished gradually since separation in relatively terms.

Phước Long province
Phước Long is a former province of Southeast region of Vietnam. It was established on 22 October 1956 by a presidential decree. It was one of South Vietnam's 22 provinces. It is now part of Bình Phước province. The province was originally into three districts: Phước Bình, Bù Đốp, and Phước Hòa. In 1961, it was reorganized as four districts: Bố Đức, Phước Bình, Đức Phong and Đôn Luân. The administrative center was in Phước Bình.
Ventura International
Ventura International (or VENTURA_INT) is an 8-bit character encoding created by Ventura Software for use with Ventura Publisher. Ventura International is based on the GEM character set, but ¢ and ø are swapped and ¥ and Ø are swapped so that it is more similar to code page 437 (on which GEM was based, but GEM is more similar to code page 865 because the placement of Ø and ø in GEM match the placement in code page 865). There is also the PCL Ventura International, which is used for communication with PCL printers. PCL Ventura International is based on HP Roman-8. Both have the same character set, but a different encoding.

HP Roman
In computing HP Roman is a family of character sets consisting of HP Roman Extension, HP Roman-8, HP Roman-9 and several variants. Originally introduced by Hewlett-Packard around 1978, revisions and adaptations were published several times up to 1999. The 1985 revisions were later standardized as IBM codepages 1050 and 1051. Supporting many European languages, the character sets were used by various HP workstations, terminals, calculators as well as many printers, also from third-parties.