hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Runkaus Strict Nature Reserve
Runkaus Strict Nature Reserve (Runkauksen luonnonpuisto) is an internationally recognized nature reserve in Lapland, Finland. It is also a Natura 2000 site, and a Key Biodiversity Area.

The site was established in 1956 and was recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 1973. It became a Natura 2000 site in 1998. It is located south of the Kemijoki, and has an area of 7050 hectare, consisting of 75% wetland and 25% forest. It plays a key role in protecting the biodiversity of the region, as it contains ten protected habitats- including string bogs, fens, springs, rivers, dystrophic lakes, and taiga- as well as six protected species, including the Eurasian otter. Many bird species of the region also rely upon the preserve, especially when breeding. However, the area is expected to be severely impacted by climate change.

Strict nature reserves of Finland
Strict nature reserves (luonnonpuisto) are specific areas on state-owned lands in Finland which have been established by law for scientific reasons. Their primary purpose is the conservation of nature and research and "are to be permanently preserved undisturbed in as close to their natural state as possible." The regulations for the nature reserves are much stricter than those for the national parks of Finland. It is usually not permitted to travel inside the areas, although some areas have trails open for the public. The strict nature reserves cover a total area of 1,530 km2.

There are a total of 19 strict nature reserves in Finland. As of 2025, all of them are managed by the Metsähallitus.
Management fee
In the investment advisory industry, a management fee is a periodic payment that is paid by an investment fund to the fund's investment adviser for investment and portfolio management services. Often, the fee covers not only investment advisory services, but administrative services as well.  Usually, the fee is calculated as a percentage of assets under management.

In manage property sector, is also used. Usually under management contract. Is used for running hotels, and restaurants.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Stanley (vehicle)
Stanley is an autonomous car created by Stanford University's Stanford Racing Team in cooperation with the Volkswagen Electronics Research Laboratory (ERL). It won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, earning the Stanford Racing Team a $2 million prize.

Volkswagen Touareg
The Volkswagen Touareg (German pronunciation: [ˈtuːaʁɛk]) is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV produced by Volkswagen since 2002. The vehicle is named after the nomadic Tuareg people, inhabitants of the Saharan interior in North Africa. The Touareg was originally developed with the Porsche Cayenne and Audi Q7 and as of October 2020, the Touareg was developed with the Audi Q8, the Bentley Bentayga and the Lamborghini Urus, which shares their MLB Evo platform and chassis. The first generation (2002–2010) offered five, six, eight, ten, and twelve-cylinder engine choices.
Taipei Metro
Taipei Metro (also known as Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and branded as Metro Taipei) is a rapid transit system operated by the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation serving the capital Taipei and New Taipei City in Taiwan.

It was the first rapid transit system to be built on the island. The initial network was approved for construction in 1986, and work began two years later. It began operations on 28 March 1996, and by 2000, 62 stations were in service across three main lines.

Over the next nine years, the number of passengers had increased by 70%. Since 2008, the network has expanded to 131 stations and the passenger count has grown by another 96%. The system has been praised by locals for its effectiveness in relieving growing traffic congestion in Taipei and its surrounding satellite towns, with over two million trips made daily.

Songshan–Xindian line
The Songshan–Xindian or Green line (code G) is a metro line in Taipei operated by Taipei Metro, named after the districts it connects: Songshan and Xindian. Parts of the line runs under the Roosevelt Road, following the route of the former Xindian (Hsintien) railway line, which ceased service in 1965 on its southern section.
Bellanti Madonna
The Bellanti Madonna is oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian artist Domenico Beccafumi, executed c. 1515. Long attributed to Girolamo del Pacchia, Vigni reattributed it as a youthful work by Domenico Beccafumi in 1936, an attribution accepted by most other later art historians. The painting depicts the Virgin Mary glancing downward, holding the Christ Child in her arms. Jesus is in turn clinging on to Mary's collar. Heavily influenced by Michelangelo (Beccafumi is thought to have travelled to Rome around 1512 and seen the new Sistine Chapel ceiling), its oval format is also influenced by Raphael's Madonnas, as are other Beccafumi works of the period such as the Madonna and Child in his Saint Paul Enthroned. Previously in the Bellanti collection, it is now one of several works by Beccafumi in the Pinacoteca Nazionale in Siena, including another Madonna and Child from 1514.

Domenico Beccafumi
Domenico di Pace Beccafumi (1486 – May 18, 1551) was an Italian Renaissance-Mannerist painter active predominantly in Siena. He is considered one of the last undiluted representatives of the Sienese school of painting.
Cormohipparion
Cormohipparion (Greek: "noble" (cormo), "pony" (hipparion) is an extinct genus of horse belonging to the tribe Hipparionini that lived in North America and Eurasia during the Late Miocene to Pliocene (Hemphillian to Blancan in the NALMA classification). They grew up to 3 feet (0.91 meters) long.

Hipparionini
Hipparionini is an extinct tribe of three-toed equids in the subfamily Equinae. They had body forms similar to modern equines, with high-crowned teeth. They first appeared in North America during the Early Miocene around 17 million years ago, before migrating into the Old World around 11.4-11.0 million years ago. The youngest species date to the end of the early Early Pleistocene, becoming extinct following the arrival of modern equines of the genus Equus to the Old World.
Maintenance of Migrants' Pension Rights Convention, 1935 (shelved)
Maintenance of Migrants' Pension Rights Convention, 1935 (shelved) is an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1935, with the preamble stating:

Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the maintenance of rights in course of acquisition and acquired rights under invalidity, old-age and widows' and orphans' insurance on behalf of workers who transfer their residence from one country to another, which is the first item on the agenda of the Session, and having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention, adopts this twenty-second day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and thirty-five the following Convention, which may be cited as the Maintenance of Migrants' Pension Rights Convention, 1935:

The issue was incorporated into the new Maintenance of Social Security Rights Convention (Convention C157) established in 1982.

Maintenance of Social Security Rights Convention, 1982
Maintenance of Social Security Rights Convention, 1982 is  an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1982, with the preamble stating:

Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to maintenance of migrant workers' rights in social security (revision of Convention No. 48),...
32nd Japan Film Professional Awards
The 32nd Japan Film Professional Awards (Japanese: 第32回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞, Hepburn: Dai 32-kai Nihon Eiga Purofesshonaru Taishō) was the 32nd edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. It awarded the best of 2022 in film. The ceremony took place on June 17, 2023, at Theatre Shinjuku in Tokyo.

Japanese Professional Movie Awards
The Japanese Professional Movie Awards (Japanese: 日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞, Hepburn: Nihon Eiga Purofesshonaru Taishō) are an annual Japanese film award. The first awards were given to films made in 1991. This award is hosted by Hiroo Ōtaka.
Anonymous P2P
An anonymous P2P communication system is a peer-to-peer distributed application in which the nodes, which are used to share resources, or participants are anonymous or pseudonymous. Anonymity of participants is usually achieved by special routing overlay networks that hide the physical location of each node from other participants.

Interest in anonymous P2P systems has increased in recent years for many reasons, ranging from the desire to share files without revealing one's network identity and risking litigation to distrust in governments, concerns over mass surveillance and data retention, and lawsuits against bloggers.

Netsukuku
Netsukuku is an experimental peer-to-peer routing system, developed by the FreakNet MediaLab in 2005, created to build up a distributed network, anonymous and censorship-free, fully independent but not necessarily separated from the Internet, without the support of any server, Internet service provider and no central authority.

Netsukuku is designed to handle up to 2128 nodes without any servers or central systems, with minimal CPU and memory resources. This mesh network can be built using existing network infrastructure components such as Wi-Fi.

The project has been in slow development since 2005, never abandoning a beta state. It has also never been tested on large scale.
International Skydiving Commission
The International Skydiving Commission (ISC) of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) conducts the FAI's skydiving activities, particularly the World Records and International Competitions, for indoor (vertical wind tunnel) and outdoor (from aircraft).

The commission was formerly known as the International Parachuting Commission, and changed its name on 6 December 2019, at the FAI General Conference in Lausanne. Parachuting is now commonly referred to as skydiving.

Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
The World Air Sports Federation (French: Fédération aéronautique internationale; FAI) is the world governing body for air sports, and also stewards definitions regarding human spaceflight.  It was founded on 14 October 1905, and is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. It maintains world records for aeronautical activities, including ballooning, aeromodeling, and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), as well as flights into space.
Iraq–Kuwait football rivalry
Iraq's rivalry with Kuwait was once considered the Arab world's greatest football rivalry of all time. It began in the mid-1970s. In August 2, 1990, the rivalry between the two switched from the football field to the battlefield, during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Because of the Gulf War, Iraq and Kuwait were in complete avoidance and never met for more than a decade. Iraq and Kuwait have played 39 matches against each other with 17 victories for Iraq, 12 draws, and 10 victories for Kuwait.

Kuwait national football team
The Kuwait national football team (Arabic: منتخب الكويت لكرة القدم, romanized: muntakhab alkuayt likurat alqadam) represents Kuwait in international football and it is controlled by the Kuwait Football Association. Kuwait made its only FIFA World Cup appearance in 1982 and managed to get one draw in the group stage against Czechoslovakia. In the AFC Asian Cup, Kuwait reached the final in 1976 and won the tournament four years later in 1980.

The Kuwait national football team has faced multiple suspensions by FIFA due to governmental interference and failure to comply with regulations, notably in 2007, 2008, and 2015. These suspensions, which were later lifted after legal reforms, caused the team to miss major tournaments, including the 2018 FIFA World Cup and 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers, and led to a significant drop in the country's FIFA World Rankings. In 2017, following the lifting of its suspension, Kuwait hosted the Gulf Cup.
Rupert Goold
Rupert Goold CBE (born 18 February 1972) is an English director who works primarily in theatre. He is the artistic director of the Almeida Theatre, and was the artistic director of Headlong Theatre Company (2005–2013). Since 2010, Goold has been an associate director at the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2017 for services to drama.

Goold is known for his extensive work in theatre. For his work in the West End he won two Laurence Olivier Awards for Best Director for Macbeth (2008) and Enron (2010). He was Olivier-nominated for King Charles III (2015), Ink (2018), and Dear England (2024). He received Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play nominations for King Charles III (2016) and Ink (2019). He made his directorial film debut with True Story (2015).

The End of the Affair
The End of the Affair is a 1951 novel by British author Graham Greene, as well as the title of two feature films (released in 1955 and 1999) that were adapted from the novel. Set in London during and just after the Second World War, the novel examines the obsessions, jealousy and discernments within the relationships between three central characters: writer Maurice Bendrix; Sarah Miles; and her husband, civil servant Henry Miles.

Graham Greene's own affair with Catherine Walston formed the basis for The End of the Affair. The British edition of the novel is dedicated to "C" while the American version is made out to "Catherine". Greene's own house at 14 Clapham Common Northside was bombed during the Blitz.

The End of the Affair is the fourth and final of Greene's "Catholic novels" tetralogy, following Brighton Rock (1938), The Power and the Glory (1940), and The Heart of the Matter (1948).
Cotte
The cotte (or cote) was a medieval outer garment, a long sleeved shift, or tunic, usually girded, and worn by men and women. In medieval texts, it was used to translate tunica or chiton. Synonyms included tunic or gown. It was worn over a shirt (chemise), and a sleeveless surcote could be worn over it. By the sixteenth century, it had become a woman's undergarment. By the seventeenth century, it split into an upper 'corps' and a lower 'cotte', or skirt, amongst the poorer classes.

In modern French, it survives in the expression cotte de mailles ("chainmail"). The Old French cote also gave rise to the word cotillon ("cotillion", a dance). Petticoat is another indirect descendant of cote.

Petticoat
A petticoat or underskirt is an article of clothing, a type of undergarment worn under a skirt or a dress. Its precise meaning varies over centuries and between countries.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, in current British English, a petticoat is "a light loose undergarment ... hanging from the shoulders or waist". In modern American usage, "petticoat" refers only to a garment hanging from the waist. They are most often made of cotton, silk or tulle. Without petticoats, skirts of the 1850s would not have the volume they were known for. In historical contexts (16th to mid-19th centuries), petticoat refers to any separate skirt worn with a gown, bedgown, bodice or jacket; these petticoats are not, strictly speaking, underwear, as they were made to be seen. In both historical and modern contexts, petticoat refers to skirt-like undergarments worn for warmth or to give the skirt or dress the desired attractive shape.
Gar Trinring Tsendro
Gar Trinring Tsendro (Tibetan: མགར་ཁྲིང་འབྲིང་བཙན་བྲོད, Wylie: mgar khri vbring btsan brod; ? – 699), also known as Lon Trinling (Tibetan: བློན་ཁྲི་འབྲིང), was a famous general of the Tibetan Empire. He was the second son of minister Gar Tongtsen Yülsung. In Chinese records, his name was given as Lùn Qīnlíng (simplified Chinese: 论钦陵; traditional Chinese: 論欽陵) or Qǐzhèng (Chinese: 起政).

Gar Tongtsen Yulsung
Gar Tongtsen Yulsung (Tibetan: མགར་སྟོང་བཙན་ཡུལ་སྲུང༌།, Wylie: mgar stong btsan yul srung; Chinese: 噶爾·東贊域松; 590-667) was a general of the Tibetan Empire who served as Lönchen during the reign of Songtsen Gampo. In many Chinese records, his name was given as Lù Dōngzàn (Chinese: 祿東贊) or Lùn Dōngzàn (Chinese: 論東贊); both are attempts to transliterate the short form of his title and name, Lön Tongtsen.
503rd Marine Battalion (Ukraine)
The 503rd Separate Marine Battalion is a marine infantry battalion of the 38th Marine Brigade of the Ukrainian Marine Corps. It was formed in late 2015 as the 701st Marine Battalion within the 36th Marine Brigade of the Ukrainian Navy. The unit was transferred to the Ukrainian Marine Corps in 2018 and later became part of the newly established 38th Marine Brigade in February 2023. The battalion was garrisoned in Mariupol.

Pavlo Sbytov
Pavlo Olehovych Sbytov (Ukrainian: Павло Олегович Сбитов; 22 October 1994 – 12 March 2022), was a Ukrainian army officer who served in the Russo-Ukrainian war. He was posthumously awarded the title Hero of Ukraine in March 2022 after he was killed in action in the Battle of Volnovakha.
1844–45 United States Senate elections
The 1844–45 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with James K. Polk's election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1844 and 1845, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.

In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. The Democratic Party re-captured control of the Senate, gaining a net total of eleven seats from the Whigs.

29th United States Congress
The 29th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1845, to March 4, 1847, during the first two years of James Polk's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1840 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.

Henry J. Kaiser-class replenishment oiler
The Henry J. Kaiser class is an American class of eighteen fleet replenishment oilers which began construction in August 1984. The class comprises fifteen oilers which are operated by Military Sealift Command to provide underway replenishment of fuel to United States Navy combat ships and jet fuel for aircraft aboard aircraft carriers at sea.

Twelve of the Kaisers are not double-hulled like most modern tankers. The class will be replaced by the John Lewis-class replenishment oiler.

One ship, operated by the United States from 1987 to 1996, was sold to Chile in 2009 and commissioned into the Chilean Navy in 2010. Two ships were scrapped in 2011 while still incomplete.
Zip tone
In telephony, a zip tone (also known as a whisper tone or call waiting tone) is a call-progress tone which indicates a new incoming call is either connecting or waiting depending on the application. Unlike a ringtone, which alerts those near a telephone to answer it, a zip tone alerts someone already on the line—for example a telephone operator, call center agent, or telephone subscriber with call waiting service—that action is needed for an incoming call such as pressing a button or reciting a phrase (e.g. "May I help you?"). This way of offering an incoming call to an available call center agent is also referred to as 'call forcing' or 'forced calling'.

Call-progress tone
In telephony, call progress tones are audible tones that provide an indication of the status of a telephone call to the user.  The tones are generated by a central office or a private branch exchange (PBX) to the calling party.

Telecommunication equipment such as fax machines and modems are designed to recognize certain tones, such as dial tone and busy tone.

The ITU-T E.180 and E.182 recommendations define the technical characteristics and intended usage of some of these tones. ToneScript is a tone description format that may be used to specify the tone. Many European systems follow the recommendations of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
Eschweiler–Clarke reaction
The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. Reductive amination reactions such as this one will not produce quaternary ammonium salts, but instead will stop at the tertiary amine stage. It is named for the German chemist Wilhelm Eschweiler (1860–1936) and the British chemist Hans Thacher Clarke (1887–1972).

Reductive amination
Reductive amination (also known as reductive alkylation) is a form of amination that converts a carbonyl group to an amine via an intermediate imine. The carbonyl group is most commonly a ketone or an aldehyde. It is a common method to make amines and is widely used in green chemistry since it can be done catalytically in one-pot under mild conditions. In biochemistry, dehydrogenase enzymes use reductive amination to produce the amino acid glutamate. Additionally, there is ongoing research on alternative synthesis mechanisms with various metal catalysts which allow the reaction to be less energy taxing, and require milder reaction conditions. Investigation into biocatalysts, such as imine reductases, have allowed for higher selectivity in the reduction of chiral amines which is an important factor in pharmaceutical synthesis.
Shuangfupu
Shuangfupu (Chinese: 双凫铺镇) is a town in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It is surrounded by Laoliangcang Town and Hengshi on the west, Yujia'ao Township on the north, Dachengqiao Town and Zifu on the east, and Huitang Town on the south. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 36,374 and an area of 89.5 square kilometres (34.6 sq mi).

Yujia'ao Township
Yujia'ao Township (Chinese: 喻家坳乡) is a rural township in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It is surrounded by Hengshi Town on the west, Huishangang Town and Yuejiaqiao Town on the north, Meitanba Town on the east, and Shuangfupu Town and Dachengqiao Town on the south. As of the 2000 census, it had a population of 35,670 and an area of 96.85 square kilometres (37.39 sq mi).
Invol2ver
Invol2ver is a mix album by Welsh DJ Sasha, released on 8 September 2008 through British record label Global Underground. It was released as a sequel to his 2004 mix album, Involver. Like its predecessor, tracks from other artists have each been remixed to give Sasha's own interpretation of them. A follow-up was released in 2013, titled Involv3r.

Involv3r
Involv3r (stylised as Invol<3r) is a mix album by Welsh DJ Sasha, released on 18 March 2013 through Ministry of Sound. It is the third mix album in the Involver series, following 2008's Invol2ver. Like its predecessors, tracks from other artists have each been remixed to give Sasha's own interpretation of them. Upon release, the album charted at number 1 and number 6 on the UK Dance Albums and UK Compilation charts respectively.