hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Linzi, Zibo
Linzi District (simplified Chinese: 临淄区; traditional Chinese: 臨淄區; pinyin: Línzī Qū) is a district of the prefecture-level city of Zibo, in central Shandong province, China. Located near the Shengli Oil Field, Linzi's economy is driven by petro-chemical refinery. Wheat, corn and cotton are cultivated in the rural areas surrounding the urban center.

The ruins of Ancient Linzi located in the northwest of the district, was the site of the ancient State of Qi's capital.

Linzi is one of the most highly developed industrial districts in north China with relatively high GDP in Shandong Province.

Ancient Linzi
36°52′58″N 118°21′19″E﻿ / ﻿36.8829°N 118.3554°E﻿ / 36.8829; 118.3554

Linzi (Chinese: 臨淄; pinyin: Línzī) was the capital city of the Chinese Qi state. The ruins of the city lie in modern-day Linzi District, Shandong, China. The city was one of the largest and richest in China during the Spring and Autumn period. Upon occupying Linzi in 221 BC, King Ying Zheng of Qin completed his conquest of the Chinese rival states and declared himself the first emperor of China shortly afterwards. The ruins of the ancient city were excavated in 1926 by Japanese archaeologists and in 1964 by Chinese archaeologists.
Chrysanthemum tea
Chrysanthemum tea is a flower-based infusion beverage made from the chrysanthemum flowers of the species Chrysanthemum morifolium or Chrysanthemum indicum, which are most popular throughout East and Southeast Asia.

First cultivated in China as a herb as early as the 1500 BCE, Chrysanthemum became popularized as a tea during the Song dynasty. In Chinese tradition, once a pot of chrysanthemum tea has been drunk, hot water is typically added again to the flowers in the pot (producing a tea that is slightly less strong); this process is often repeated several times.

To prepare the tea, chrysanthemum flowers (usually dried) are steeped in hot water (usually 90 to 95 degrees Celsius after cooling from a boil) in either a teapot, cup, or glass; often rock sugar or cane sugar is also added. The resulting drink is transparent and ranges from pale to bright yellow in color, with a floral aroma.

Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums (/krɪˈsænθəməmz/ kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes abbreviated to mums or chrysanths, are perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that bloom in the autumn. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Many thousands of horticultural varieties and cultivars exist.
22nd meridian west
The meridian 22° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Iceland, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 22nd meridian west forms a great circle with the 158th meridian east.

158th meridian east
The meridian 158° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Australasia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 158th meridian east forms a great circle with the 22nd meridian west.
Bernie Lukowich
Bernard Joseph Lukowich (born March 18, 1952) is a Canadian former NHL and WHA player. He played 79 games in the NHL for the Pittsburgh Penguins and the St. Louis Blues. And another 21 games for the Calgary Cowboys of the WHA.

His son is Brad Lukowich, who played in the NHL.

Brad Lukowich
Bradley J. Lukowich (born August 12, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman and former assistant coach of the Lethbridge Hurricanes of the Western Hockey League. He has won the Stanley Cup twice in his career, with the Dallas Stars in 1999 and Tampa Bay Lightning in 2004. He was on the roster of the Stars when they won the cup in 1998–99, but did not play enough games to get his name on the Cup. He is currently coaching hockey.
Dangriga
Dangriga, formerly known as Stann Creek Town, is a town in southern Belize, located on the Caribbean coast at the mouth of the North Stann Creek River. It is the capital of Belize's Stann Creek District. Dangriga is served by the Dangriga Airport. Commonly known as the "culture capital of Belize" due to its influence on punta music and other forms of Garifuna culture, Dangriga is the largest settlement in southern Belize.

Thomas Vincent Ramos
Thomas Vincent Ramos, commonly known as T. V. Ramos, (17 September 1887 – 13 November 1955) was a Belizean civil rights activist who promoted the interests of the Garifuna people, and is now considered a national hero.
Tomorrow's Child (film)
Tomorrow's Child is an Australian television film, or rather a live one-off television play, which aired in 1957 on ABC. Directed by Raymond Menmuir, it is notable as an early example of Australian television comedy and was Australia's first live hour long drama. It was set in the future, making it technically Australia's first science fiction drama.

Queenie Ashton
Queenie Ashton (AM) (11 November 1903 – 21 October 1999), was a British singer, dancer, and actress, having started her career as a soprano and theatre actress in her naive UK, she had a long career in Australia as a radio and television performer, with a career spanning over 75 years.

Ashton was born as Edith Muriel Ashton in Stoke Newington, London, from 1946 upon her marriage she legally used the name Ethel Muriel Cover.

Her best known roles where in the radio serial's  The Lawsons from 1944 and 1949 as Lee Gordon (the wife of Dr. Gordon) and its sequel Blue Hills as the elderly "Granny" Emily Bishop a role she played for some 27 years from 1949 and 1976, she would also play the character in TV series Autumn Affair.

Ashton alongside her contemporaries including Gwen Plumb, Ethel Lang, Grace Gibson and Margaret Christensen,has been described as a pioneer for females in radio. Her other prominent role was as Dolly Lucas in TV series Certain Women
Millom
Millom is a town and civil parish on the north shore of the estuary of the River Duddon in southernmost Cumberland, Cumbria, England. It is situated just outside the Lake District National Park, about 6 miles (10 km) north of Barrow-in-Furness (23 miles or 37 kilometres by road) and 26 miles (42 km) south of Whitehaven.

Millom was a small village centred on Holy Trinity Church and Millom Castle until the 19th century. The modern town developed following the opening of Millom Ironworks in 1866. Built around the ironworks, the town subsumed the village of Holborn Hill and grew to a size of over 10,000 people by the 1960s, but has struggled since the works were closed in 1968. Culturally, Millom is notable as the birthplace of poet Norman Nicholson, and for its historical links with rugby league.

Cumbrian Coast Line
The Cumbrian Coast Line is a rail route in North West England, running from Carlisle to Barrow-in-Furness via Workington and Whitehaven. The line forms part of Network Rail route NW 4033, which continues (as the Furness line) via Ulverston and Grange-over-Sands to Carnforth, where it connects with the West Coast Main Line.
IBM 1442
IBM 1442 is a combination IBM card reader and card punch.  It reads and punches 80-column IBM-format punched cards and is used on the IBM 1440, the IBM 1130, the IBM 1800 and System/360 and is an option on the IBM System/3.

IBM 1800 Data Acquisition and Control System
The IBM 1800 Data Acquisition and Control System (DACS) was a process control variant of the IBM 1130 with two extra instructions (CMP and DCM), extra I/O capabilities, 'selector channel like' cycle-stealing capability and three hardware index registers.

IBM announced and introduced the 1800 Data Acquisition and Control System on November 30, 1964, describing it as "a computer that can monitor an assembly line, control a steel-making process or analyze the precise status of a missile during test firing."
Peredvizhniki
Peredvizhniki (Russian: передви́жники, IPA: [pɪrɪˈdviʐnɪkɪ]), often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest of academic restrictions; it evolved into the Society for Travelling Art Exhibitions, in short Peredvizhniks, in 1870.

Andrei Ryabushkin
Andrei Petrovich Ryabushkin (Russian: Андре́й Петро́вич Ря́бушкин; 29 October [O.S. 17 October] 1861 – 10 May [O.S. 27 April] 1904) was a Russian painter. His major works were devoted to life of ordinary Russians of the 17th century.
Pinezhsky District
Pinezhsky District (Пи́нежский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Pinezhsky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Mezensky District in the north, Leshukonsky District and Udorsky District of the Komi Republic in the east, Verkhnetoyemsky District in the south, Vinogradovsky District in the southwest, Kholmogorsky District in the west, and with Primorsky District in the northwest. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Karpogory. District's population:  26,978 (2010 Census); 33,516 (2002 Census); 40,486 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Karpogory accounts for 16.5% of the district's total population.

Mezensky District
Mezensky District (Russian: Мезе́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Mezensky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the northeast, Ust-Tsilemsky District of the Komi Republic in the east, Leshukonsky and Pinezhsky Districts in the south, and with Primorsky District in the southwest. From the north, the district borders the White Sea. The area of the district is 34,400 square kilometers (13,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Mezen. Population:  10,330 (2010 Census); 13,124 (2002 Census); 17,796 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Mezen accounts for 34.6% of the total district's population.
Kami-Yamaguchi Station
Kami-Yamaguchi Station (上山口駅, Kami-Yamaguchi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of  Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture,  Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Yamaguchi (city)
Yamaguchi (山口市, Yamaguchi-shi) is the capital city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 191,470 in 88,799 households and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,023.23 square kilometres (395.07 sq mi).
Dál Fiatach
Dál Fiatach was a Gaelic dynastic-grouping and the name of their territory in the north-east of Ireland, which lasted throughout the Middle Ages until their demise in the 13th century at the hands of Normans. It was part of the over-kingdom of Ulaid, and they were its main ruling dynasty for most of Ulaid's history. Their territory lay in eastern County Down. Their capital was Dún Lethglaise (Downpatrick) and from the 9th century their main religious site was Bangor Abbey.

Fiachnae mac Áedo Róin
Fiachnae mac Áedo Róin (died 789) was a Dál Fiatach ruler of the over-kingdom of Ulaid in Ireland. He reigned from 750 to 789. He was the son of Áed Róin (died 735) and brother of Bressal mac Áedo Róin (died 750), previous kings. This family had their base in modern-day County Down, Northern Ireland.
Appling v. Walker
Appling v. Walker was a state court lawsuit that challenged the constitutionality of Wisconsin's domestic partnership registry. The action began as a petition for original action before the Wisconsin Supreme Court asking the Court for a declaration that the registry is unconstitutional and for a permanent injunction against the registry, which began registering couples on August 3, 2009. On November 4, 2009, the Court declined to take the case. Petitioners then refiled in state circuit court and the court ruled in June 2011 that the registry is constitutional. That decision was affirmed by a state appeals court in December 2012, and by the Wisconsin Supreme Court in July 2014.

Domestic partnership in Wisconsin
Domestic partnerships in Wisconsin afford limited rights to same-sex couples. They have been recognized in Wisconsin since August 3, 2009. Domestic partnerships in Wisconsin provide select rights, such as the ability to inherit a partner's estate in the absence of a will, hospital and jail visitation, and the ability to access family medical leave to care for a sick partner. Wisconsin's domestic partnership registry does not provide for two-parent adoptions by persons of the same sex, and it confers far fewer rights, duties and protections than are associated with marriage. Wisconsin ended its domestic partnership registry on April 1, 2018.

Wisconsin was the first state in the Midwest to enact any form of recognition for same-sex unions. Of the several states that had bans on same-sex marriage and civil unions, Wisconsin was the first and only one to enact limited domestic partnerships.
Flyback converter
The flyback converter is used in both AC/DC, and DC/DC conversion with galvanic isolation between the input and any outputs. The flyback converter is a buck–boost converter with the inductor split to form a transformer, so that the voltage ratios are multiplied with an additional advantage of isolation.

DC-to-DC converter
A DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit or electromechanical device that converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. It is a type of electric power converter. Power levels range from very low (small batteries) to very high (high-voltage power transmission).
USC-Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center
The USC-Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center (QCC) is a joint scientific research effort between Lockheed Martin Corporation and the University of Southern California (USC). The QCC is housed at the Information Sciences Institute (ISI), a computer science and engineering research unit of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering, and is jointly operated by ISI and Lockheed Martin.

USC faculty, ISI researchers and students are performing basic and applied research into quantum computing, and are collaborating with researchers around the world. The QCC uses a D-Wave Two quantum annealing system, manufactured by D-Wave Systems, Inc. The QCC is the first organization outside of D-Wave to operate the system. The second system is installed at NASA Ames Research Center, and is operated jointly by NASA and Google. The systems must be kept extremely cold and electromagnetically shielded to operate with the longest possible coherence time.

USC Viterbi School of Engineering
The USC Viterbi School of Engineering (formerly the USC School of Engineering) is the engineering school of the University of Southern California.  It was renamed following a $52 million donation by Andrew J. Viterbi, co-founder of Qualcomm.

The school is headed by Dean Yannis C. Yortsos. Its research centers have played a major role in development of multiple technologies, including early development of the Internet when USC researcher Jonathan Postel was an editor of communications-protocol for the fledgling network, also known as ARPANET. The school's faculty has included Irving Reed, Leonard Adleman, Solomon W. Golomb, Barry Boehm, Clifford Newman, Richard E. Bellman, Lloyd Welch, Alexander Sawchuk, Maja Matarić, Iraj Ershaghi, and George V. Chilingar.
Undine Barge Club
Undine Barge Club is an amateur rowing club located at #13 Boathouse Row in the historic Boathouse Row along the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The club was founded in 1856.  Undine was not initially listed as a founder of the Schuylkill Navy, but is now considered a founder because an Undine member, Mr. B. F. Van dyke, was elected to represent the club as secretary treasurer of the Navy from its birth in 1858. In 1860, Undine purchased Keystone Barge Club's (the 1st) boat and equipment, as Keystone had disposed of its boathouse.

The club's name is derived from the Legend of Undine, and the club has an upriver house for social functions named Castle Ringstetten, which is the name of the castle in the legend.  The boathouse and Castle Ringstetten were designed by renowned Victorian-era architect Frank Furness and exemplify his original ideas that laid the foundation for modern architecture.

Frank Furness
Frank Heyling Furness (November 12, 1839 – June 27, 1912) was an American architect of the Victorian era. He designed more than 600 buildings, most in the Philadelphia area, and is remembered for his diverse, muscular, often inordinately scaled buildings, and for his influence on the Chicago-based architect Louis Sullivan. Furness also received a Medal of Honor for bravery during the Civil War. He worked with custom furniture maker Daniel Pabst.

The son of abolitionist William Henry Furness, Shakespearean scholar Horace Howard Furness was his brother. Toward the end of his life, his bold style fell out of fashion, and many of his significant works were demolished in the 20th century. Among his most important surviving buildings are the University of Pennsylvania Library, now the Fisher Fine Arts Library, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, all in Philadelphia, and the Baldwin School Residence Hall in Bryn Mawr.
El Gordo de la Primitiva
El Gordo de la Primitiva (lit. the fat one of the primitive (lottery), can be translated as the big one), commonly known as El Gordo, is one of the lotteries of the Loterías y Apuestas del Estado, the Spanish government lottery authority.

The largest prize given at the Spanish Christmas Lottery (and to a lesser extent at any other Spanish lottery), is also referred to as 'El Gordo'.

Loterías y Apuestas del Estado
Sociedad Estatal Loterías y Apuestas del Estado (Spanish for "State Society for State Lotteries and Wagers"; SELAE) is a Spanish state-owned company reporting to the Spanish Ministry of Finance. It is responsible for the management, operation and marketing of all types of lotteries and gambling nationwide or whenever they exceed the scope of a region, being famous for its Christmas Lottery. Some public interest entities, such as ONCE or the Red Cross, have authorization to carry out independent lottery draws.

As a public company, it was created in 1984 due to the integration of the services that until then managed the State games —the Mutual Sports Betting Board and the National Lottery Service— and it was last reformed in 2010. It assumes all State powers on lotteries, an activity promoted by the State since 1763, when King Charles III created the Royal Lottery. Since 1812, it also manages the Christmas Lottery, the biggest lottery draw worldwide.
Coastal Carolina University
Coastal Carolina University (CCU or Coastal) is a public university in Conway, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1954 as Coastal Carolina Junior College, and later joining the University of South Carolina System as USC Coastal Carolina, it became an independent university in 1993.

The university is a national sea-grant institution and owns part of Waties Island, an Atlantic barrier island that serves as a natural laboratory for CCU's instruction and research. The campus is also the home of the Horry County Schools Scholars Academy, a high school for gifted students.

Waties Island, South Carolina
Waties Island is an undeveloped barrier island in the eastern coast of South Carolina. It is under the jurisdiction of Coastal Carolina University and is used primarily as an educational research facility.
A Man Astray
A Man Astray (German: Ein Mann auf Abwegen) is a 1940 German comedy adventure film directed by Herbert Selpin and starring Hans Albers, Charlotte Thiele and Hilde Weissner. The film is an adaptation of the 1938 novel Percy auf Abwegen by Hans Zehrer. The sets were designed by the art directors Paul Markwitz and Fritz Maurischat. Shooting took place at the Halensee Studios in Berlin and the Bavaria Studios in Munich, with additional location shooting around Lake Starnberg in Bavaria. Produced and distributed by Tobis Film, one of Nazi Germany's leading film companies, the film was a financial success. It was remade as the 1963 film A Holiday Like Never Before starring Carlos Thompson and Eva Bartok.

A Holiday Like Never Before
A Holiday Like Never Before (German: Ferien wie noch nie) is a 1963 West German comedy thriller film directed by Wolfgang Schleif and starring Eva Bartok, Carlos Thompson and Corny Collins. It was shot in Agfacolor at the Arca Studios in Pichelsberg in West Berlin. in The film's sets were designed by the art director Ernst H. Albrecht. It is based on the 1938 novel Percy auf Abwegen by Hans Thomas, which had previously been adapted into the 1940 film A Man Astray during the Nazi era.
Kristina Nilsdotter
Kristina Nilsdotter Blake (died 1254), was a Swedish noblewoman. Kristina and her spouse were written of by poet Snorri Sturlasson, who visited them in 1219; they reportedly gave him valuable information for his writings. Kristina was the daughter of princess Catherine of Sweden and Norwegian nobleman Nils Blake. She married the Norwegian earl Hakon the Mad (Håkon Galen) in 1205. He was the half-brother of the Norwegian king Inge Bårdsson. She was the mother of Knut Haakonsson (c. 1208–1261) who was later a claimant to the throne during the Civil war era in Norway.

After the death of Håkon, Kristina took their son Knut with her and returned to Västergötland where she married Swedish nobleman, Eskil Magnusson (c. 1175–1227), the lawspeaker of Västergötland and elder brother of Birger Jarl.

Eskil Magnusson
Eskil Magnusson (c. 1175 – c. 1227) was a nobleman and lawspeaker (Lagman) of Västergötland. He is the first attested  legal official in what is now Sweden about whom extensive information is available.
Rietmolen
Rietmolen is a village in the eastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Berkelland, Gelderland.

It was first mentioned in the 1630s as Rytmuelerbrugh, and means "windmill along a stream". Since 1712, the inn Reetmölle was used as a Catholic church. In 1835, a real church was built. In 1931, construction began on a new church. It was finished in 1933, and has a 45 metres (148 ft) tall slender tower which resembles a minaret.

Berkelland
Berkelland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbɛrkəlɑnt] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Netherlands province of Gelderland. It was created on 1 January 2005 from the merger of the former municipalities of Borculo, Eibergen, Neede, and Ruurlo. The new municipality was named after the Berkel, a small river.
Maryland Route 431
Maryland Route 431 (MD 431) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland, located in Prince George's County to the northeast of Washington, D.C. The route runs 2.06 miles (3.32 km) from MD 201 in Riverdale Park northwest to U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in College Park. What is now MD 431 was transferred to the state in 2017 as MD 594E and was renumbered to MD 431 in 2019.

U.S. Route 1 in Maryland
U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is the easternmost and longest of the major north–south routes of the older 1920s era United States Numbered Highway System, running from Key West, Florida, to Fort Kent, Maine. In the U.S. state of Maryland, it runs 81 miles (130 km) from the Washington, D.C. line to the Pennsylvania state line near the town of Rising Sun.

US 1 is paralleled by several major highways as it passes through Maryland, including Interstate 95 (I-95), the Baltimore–Washington Parkway (B–W Parkway), US 29, and US 301. Thus, US 1 has lost its significance as a long distance route through the state. It is often congested, however, because it remains a major route in the individual towns it traverses.