hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Politics of Kiribati
Politics of Kiribati takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Beretitenti, President of Kiribati, is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government, Beretitenti, and his cabinet, all MPs. Legislative power is exercised by the House of Assembly. The Judiciary of Kiribati is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Constitution of Kiribati, promulgated at independence on 12 July 1979, establishes the Republic of Kiribati as a sovereign democratic republic and guarantees the fundamental rights of its citizens and residents.

Banaba
Banaba (/bəˈnɑːbə/; formerly Ocean Island) is an island of Kiribati in the Pacific Ocean. A solitary raised coral island west of the Gilbert Island Chain, it is the westernmost point of Kiribati, lying 185 miles (298 km) east of Nauru, which is also its nearest neighbour. It has an area of six square kilometres (2.3 sq mi), and the highest point on the island is also the highest point in Kiribati, at 81 metres (266 ft) in height. Along with Nauru and Makatea (French Polynesia), it is one of the important elevated phosphate-rich islands of the Pacific Ocean.
Timothy Brook
Timothy James Brook (Chinese name: 卜正民; born January 6, 1951) is a Canadian historian, sinologist, and writer specializing in the study of China (sinology). He holds the Republic of China Chair, Department of History, University of British Columbia.

His research interests include the social and cultural history of the Ming Dynasty in China; law and punishment in Imperial China; collaboration during Japan's wartime occupation of China, 1937–45, the Nanjing massacre, and Japanese war crimes trials; global history; and historiography.

Philip A. Kuhn
Philip A. Kuhn (September 9, 1933 – February 11, 2016) was an American historian of China and the Francis Lee Higginson Professor of History and of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University.

Kuhn was praised by his colleagues. Frederic Wakeman described Kuhn as "one of the West's premier China historians." Stanford University historian Harold L. Kahn added that “Every twenty years, like clockwork, Philip Kuhn produces a book that we are required to read. What he says sticks to the ribs and gives much pleasure,” and Yale University historian Peter Perdue wrote that Kuhn "shaped the field of Qing history more profoundly than any other scholar of his generation."
Waldemar George
Waldemar George (10 January 1893 – 27 October 1970) was a Polish-born art historian and critic active primarily in France. Born Jerzy Waldemar Jarociński to Jewish parents. He originally had a passport issued by the Russian Empire, but gained naturalised French citizenship after serving in the French Army during the First World War.

He was active in the promotion of many artists of the School Of Paris. Frequently critiquing and writing of these artists which include Marc Chagall, Chaim Soutine, Isaac Frenkel and others.

Chaïm Soutine
Chaïm Soutine (French: [ʃaim sutin]; Russian: Хаим Соломонович Сутин, romanized: Khaim Solomonovich Sutin; Yiddish: חײם סוטין, romanized: Chaim Sutin; 13 January 1893 – 9 August 1943) was a French painter of Belarusian-Jewish origin of the School of Paris, who made a major contribution to the Expressionist movement while living and working in Paris.

Inspired by classic painting in the European tradition, exemplified by the works of Rembrandt, Chardin and Courbet, Soutine developed an individual style more concerned with shape, color, and texture than representation, which served as a bridge between more traditional approaches and the developing form of Abstract Expressionism.
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football
The Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football program is a college football team that represents Western Kentucky University. The team competes at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level and represents the university as a member of Conference USA in the Eastern division. The 2002 team was the FCS national champion. The program has 13 conference championships (1 SIAA, 9 OVC, 1 Gateway, 2 Conference USA) and 7 FBS-level bowl game victories. The Hilltoppers play their home games at Houchens Industries–L. T. Smith Stadium in Bowling Green, Kentucky and the team's head football coach is Tyson Helton.

South Florida Bulls football
The South Florida Bulls football team represents the University of South Florida (USF). The Bulls began playing in 1997, and compete in the American Conference (The American) of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The team currently plays its home games at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, however the Bulls will host home games at a new $340 million on-campus stadium starting in the 2027 season.
One red paperclip
One red paperclip is a website created by Canadian blogger Kyle MacDonald, who traded his way from a single red paperclip to a house in a series of fourteen online trades over the course of a year. MacDonald was inspired by the children's game Bigger, Better. His site received a considerable amount of notice for tracking the transactions. "A lot of people have been asking how I've stirred up so much publicity around the project, and my simple answer is: 'I have no idea'", he told the BBC. The story has inspired countless copycats, who have attempted to trade their way up from a paperclip (or other small items) to something expensive, with varying degrees of success.

Kipling, Saskatchewan
Kipling is a town in southeast Saskatchewan, Canada. In provincial politics, Kipling is in the constituency of Moosomin. The town was named after the English author Rudyard Kipling who passed through the town on 4 October 1907. Kipling is accessed from Highway 48.
Aphananthe
Aphananthe is a small genus of evergreen trees in the family Cannabaceae. Around six species are recognised, found in Korea, Japan, Madagascar, South-east Asia, Mexico, Central America, and Australia. Leaves are alternate on the stem and toothed. Flowers are unisexual, fruit form as drupes. The generic name of Aphananthe refers to insignificant flowers. Species include Aphananthe aspera and Aphananthe philippinensis.

Cannabaceae
Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants, known as the hemp family. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including Cannabis (hemp), Humulus (hops) and Celtis (hackberries). Celtis is by far the largest genus, containing about 100 species.

Cannabaceae is a member of the Rosales. Members of the family are erect or climbing plants with petalless flowers and dry, one-seeded fruits. Hemp (Cannabis) and hop (Humulus) are the most economically important species.

Other than a shared evolutionary origin, members of the family have few common characteristics; some are trees (e.g. Celtis), others are herbaceous plants (e.g. Cannabis).
Simada
Simada (Amharic: ስማዳ) is a woreda in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Simada is bordered on the southeast by the Bashilo River which separates it from the Debub Wollo Zone, on the southwest by the Abay River which separates it from the Misraq Gojjam Zone, on the west by Misraq Este, on the north by Lay Gayint, and on the northeast by Tach Gayint. Part of this woreda's boundary with Este is defined by the Musafa River at the northern border and Yiba River at the southern border. Both rivers combined together before becoming a tributary of the Abay (The White Nile). The major town in Simada is Wegeda.

Misraq Este
Misraq Este (Amharic: ምሥራቅ እስቴ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Misraq Este is bordered on the south by the Abay River which separates

it from the Misraq Gojjam Zone, on the west by Mirab Este and Dera, on the northwest by Fogera, on the north by Farta, on the northeast by Lay Gayint, and on the east by Simada; part of this woredas boundary with Simada is defined by the Musafa River at the north border and Yiba River on the south border which join together and become a tributary of the Abay River. Towns in Misraq Este include Mekane Yesus.
Prolactinoma
A prolactinoma is a tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland that produces the hormone prolactin. It is the most common type of functioning pituitary tumor. Symptoms of prolactinoma are due to abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood (hyperprolactinemia), or due to pressure of the tumor on surrounding brain tissue and/or the optic nerves. Based on its size, a prolactinoma may be classified as a microprolactinoma (<10mm diameter) or a macroprolactinoma (>10mm diameter).

Dopamine agonist
A dopamine agonist is a compound that activates dopamine D2 receptors and belong to one of two different subclasses: ergoline and non-ergoline. Examples of ergoline agonists are cabergoline and bromocriptine and examples of non-ergoline agonists are pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine. Ergoline agonists have been linked to cartilage formation in heart valves.

Dopamine agonists are primarily used in the treatment of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and to a lesser extent, in hyperprolactinemia and restless legs syndrome. They are also used off-label in the treatment of clinical depression. One notable risk in the use of dopamine agonist is an increased risk of developing impulse control disorders.
Tomkinson Ranges
26°11′27″S 129°07′31″E﻿ / ﻿26.190936°S 129.125268°E﻿ / -26.190936; 129.125268
The Tomkinson Ranges is a mountain range in the northwest corner of South Australia. The range consists of sandstone hills, surrounded by spinifex grasslands. The range was named after politician Samuel Tomkinson (1816–1900) by the explorer William Gosse in the early 1870s. Ernest Giles and his team reached the ranges shortly after, and established a base from which to explore the Gibson and Great Victoria Deserts. Numerous prospecting expeditions were made through the region until the 1930s.

Together with the Mann Ranges, the Tomkinson Ranges are an important part of the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands. The communities of Kalka and Pipalyatjara are located at the base of the mountains.

Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara, also known as APY, APY Lands or the Lands, is a large, sparsely populated local government area (LGA) for Aboriginal people, located in the remote north west of South Australia.  Some of the Aṉangu (people) of the Western Desert cultural bloc, in particular Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra peoples, inhabit the Lands.

Governance of the area is determined by the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 (or APYLRA), whereby an elected executive board reports to the Premier of South Australia. The APY's administration centre is located at Umuwa.

A large portion of the APY Lands was formerly the North-West Aboriginal Reserve.
Cercidospora macrospora
Cercidospora macrospora is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the genus Cercidospora but it has not been assigned to a family. It is known from the northern hemisphere.

Known host species include lichen of the genus Lecanora.

Cercidospora
Cercidospora is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis). The genus was first described by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1865; it is synonymous with the name Prolisea described by Frederick Edward Clements in 1931.
2011 Tri Nations Series
The 2011 Tri Nations Series was the sixteenth annual Tri Nations rugby union series between the national rugby union teams of New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, respectively nicknamed the All Blacks, Wallabies and Springboks. It was also the last series in which only these three teams participated. In 2012, Argentina's Pumas joined this competition, which was rebranded as The Rugby Championship. This made this series the last under the Tri Nations name until 2020, when South Africa withdrew due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The 2011 Rugby World Cup was held in New Zealand between 9 September and 23 October 2011. As a result, the 2011 Tri Nations was shortened to include only six games instead of the usual nine. Each team played the other two countries twice rather than three times. Australia won the series for the first time in ten years.

2020 Tri Nations Series
The 2020 Tri Nations Series was the seventeenth edition of the annual southern hemisphere competition, involving Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. On 16 October 2020, 2019 Rugby Championship winners and 2019 Rugby World Cup champions South Africa confirmed their withdrawal from the originally planned 2020 Rugby Championship due to South African government travel restrictions, player welfare and safety concerns related to COVID-19. This meant that the competition temporarily returned to its previous Tri-Nations format; played across six weekends with each team playing each other twice.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was moved to later in the year than usual. It had been mooted that all matches might be played in New Zealand, however, in September 2020 it was announced that all matches would be held in Australia rather than in all of the competing nations.
Noncommutative ring
In mathematics, a noncommutative ring is a ring whose multiplication is not commutative; that is, there exist a and b in the ring such that ab and ba are different. Equivalently, a noncommutative ring is a ring that is not a commutative ring.

Noncommutative algebra is the part of ring theory devoted to study of properties of the noncommutative rings, including the properties that apply also to commutative rings.

Sometimes the term noncommutative ring is used instead of ring to refer to an unspecified ring which is not necessarily commutative, and hence may be commutative. Generally, this is for emphasizing that the studied properties are not restricted to commutative rings, as, in many contexts, ring is used as a shorthand for commutative ring.

Although some authors do not assume that rings have a multiplicative identity, in this article we make that assumption unless stated otherwise.

Israel Nathan Herstein
Israel Nathan Herstein (March 28, 1923 – February 9, 1988) was a mathematician, appointed as professor at the University of Chicago in 1962. He worked on a variety of areas of algebra, including ring theory, with over 100 research papers and over a dozen books.
Multicable
In stage lighting, a multicable (otherwise known as multi-core cable or mult) is a type of heavy-duty electrical cable used in theaters to power lights. The basic construction involves a bundle of individual conductors surrounded by a single outer jacket. Whereas single cables only have three conductors, multicable has ten or more. They are configured to run in six or eight-circuit varieties. Typically, both ends of multicable have a specific connector known as a Socapex Connector. Technicians then combine the cables with break-outs and break-ins, which essentially are an octopus-like adapter with one Socapex end and six to eight Edison, twist-lok, or stage pin style connectors.

Stage pin connector
A stage pin connector, also known as a grounded stage pin (GSP), grounded pin connector (GPC) or theater paddle (TP), is a standard cable type for theatrical lighting in North America and in many countries in the theatre world.
Hendrix (crater)
Hendrix is a small lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side, deep in the southern hemisphere. Hendrix lies about a crater diameter to the south-southwest of the crater White, just beyond the outer rim of the enormous walled plain Apollo. This is a roughly circular, bowl-shaped crater. The rim is sharp-edged and not noticeably eroded. The interior is relatively featureless.

The crater is named after Don Hendrix.

White (crater)
White is a lunar impact crater. It lies on the far side of the Moon from the Earth, to the southwest of the huge walled plain Apollo. About one crater diameter to the south-southwest is the small  crater Hendrix.

This is a relatively fresh crater with a well-defined rim and interior that have not been significantly worn. There is a small, cup-shaped crater attached to the exterior along the western edge. The inner wall of White displays some slight terracing, and there is a low central ridge near the midpoint of the interior.

The crater was named in 1970 by the IAU after astronaut Ed White, killed in the Apollo 1 fire.  The nearby craters Grissom and Chaffee were named after the other two astronauts killed in the disaster, Gus Grissom and  Roger Chaffee.
Fred Bayles
Fred Bayles is an American professor emeritus of journalism and former journalist. After thirty years as a journalist, he joined the faculty at Boston University in 2004. He was a national correspondent for the Associated Press, where he worked for 20 years, before joining USA Today in 1997. During his career as a reporter, he covered the Gulf War, the Exxon Valdez oil spill, and the murder trial of O. J. Simpson. He is the author of Field Guide to Covering Local News: How to Report on Cops, Courts, Schools, Emergencies and Government.

While at the AP in 1983, Bayles unwittingly wrote a news hoax story about the Roman origins of April Fools' Day, after interviewing Joseph Boskin, a history professor at Boston University.

Joseph Boskin
Joseph Boskin (August 10, 1929 – February 16, 2025) was professor of history and ethnic and urban studies at Boston University. His interests included American social history, popular culture, ethnicity, conflict and violence, and humor research.
Digital library
A digital library, also referred to as an online library, an internet library, a digital repository,  a library without walls, or a digital collection, is an online database of digital resources that can include text, still images, audio, video, digital documents, or other digital media formats or a library accessible through the internet. Objects can consist of digitized content, such as print or photographs, as well as originally produced digital content, including word processor files or social media posts. In addition to storing content, digital libraries provide mechanisms for the organization, searching, and retrieving of content from the collection. Digital libraries can vary immensely in size and scope, and can be maintained by individuals or organizations. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. These information retrieval systems are able to exchange information with each other through interoperability and sustainability.

Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is a protocol developed for harvesting metadata descriptions of records in an archive so that services can be built using metadata from many archives. An implementation of OAI-PMH must support representing metadata in Dublin Core, but may also support additional representations.

The protocol is usually just referred to as the OAI Protocol.

OAI-PMH uses XML over HTTP. Version 2.0 of the protocol was released in 2002; the document was last updated in 2015. It has a Creative Commons license BY-SA.
Tametsi
Tametsi (Latin, "although") is the legislation of the Catholic Church which was in force from 1563 until Easter 1908 concerning clandestine marriage. It was named, as is customary in Latin Rite ecclesiastical documents, for the first word of the document that contained it, Chapter 1, Session 24 of the Council of Trent. It added the impediment of clandestinity and established the canonical form of marriage for validity in the regions in which it was promulgated.

Ne Temere
Ne Temere was a decree issued in 1907 by the Congregation of the Council regulating the canon law of the Church regarding marriage for practising Catholics. It is named for its opening words, which literally mean "lest rashly" in Latin.
2016–17 QMJHL season
The 2016–17 QMJHL season is the 48th season of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The regular season began on September 22, 2016, and ended on March 18, 2017.

The playoffs began on March 23, 2017, and ended on May 10. The winning team, the Saint John Sea Dogs, were awarded the President's Cup and a berth in the 2017 Memorial Cup tournament, which was held at the WFCU Centre in Windsor, Ontario, from May 19–28, 2017.

Saint John Sea Dogs
The Saint John Sea Dogs are a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) based in Saint John, New Brunswick. Founded as an expansion team in 2005, the Sea Dogs play their home games at TD Station and became the first team from Atlantic Canada to win a Memorial Cup championship in 2011. The Sea Dogs won the 2022 Memorial Cup as the host team, and have three President's Cup championships in franchise history: 2011, 2012, and 2017.
Cutler Park
Cutler Park Reservation is a state-owned nature preserve and public recreation area that lies between Route 128/I-95 and the Charles River in Needham, Massachusetts. The state park's 772 acres (312 ha) contain the largest remaining freshwater marsh on the middle Charles River. Parts of its major trail run directly through the marsh via boardwalks; over 100 species of birds have been sighted here. The park is part of a plan by the Town of Needham to connect 18 public areas by 35 proposed trails. It is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Charles River
The Charles River (Massachusett: Quinobequin), sometimes called the River Charles or simply the Charles, is an 80-mile-long (129 km) river in eastern Massachusetts. It flows northeast from Hopkinton to Boston along a meandering route which doubles back on itself several times and travels through 23 cities and towns before reaching the Atlantic Ocean.
Protest (EP)
Protest is an EP by The Dears, with a limited initial release in 2002. It was later re-released in a mass market version with different artwork in 2004. The EP was also included as a bonus disc in the Australian release of No Cities Left.

No Cities Left
No Cities Left No Cities Left is the second album by Canadian band The Dears, released in 2003 on MapleMusic Recordings. The album features fellow Canadian indie-rocker Sam Roberts playing violin on "Never Destroy Us".
College Farm
College Farm is the only farm site in Finchley, in the London Borough of Barnet.  It currently trades as an equestrian and pet store. It is located in Regents Park Road, close to Henlys Corner on the North Circular Road. It has two residential roads running alongside it; Allandale Avenue and Fitzalan Road.

Finchley
Finchley (/ˈfɪntʃli/) is a large district of north London, England, in the London Borough of Barnet. 7 mi (11 km) north of Charing Cross, nearby districts include: Golders Green, Muswell Hill, Friern Barnet, Whetstone, Mill Hill and Hendon.

It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres: North Finchley, East Finchley and Finchley Church End (Finchley Central). Made up of four wards, the population of Finchley was 65,812 as of 2011.
Leezen
Leezen (German pronunciation: [ˈleːtsn̩] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 40 km northeast of Hamburg, and 9 km southwest of Bad Segeberg.

Leezen is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Leezen.

Segeberg
Segeberg (German pronunciation: [ˈzeːɡəˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; North Frisian: Segebärj) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the southwest and clockwise) the districts of Pinneberg, Steinburg and Rendsburg-Eckernförde, the city of Neumünster, the districts of Plön, Ostholstein and Stormarn, and the city state of Hamburg.