hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Onklou
Onklou is an arrondissement in the Donga department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Djougou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 14,693.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Dinamic Multimedia
Dinamic Multimedia was a Spanish software house and publisher created in 1993 which was created after the bankruptcy of Dinamic Software in 1992 by some of its former members.  After having released several titles, they filed for bankruptcy in September 2001.

PC Fútbol
PC Fútbol was a series of football management simulation games developed by Spanish developers Dinamic Multimedia. It was one of the big successes in the Spanish PC market, spawning several titles from 1992 until the studio's closure in 2001. The series was later revived in 2004 by developers Gaelco and there were two more releases before the series final demise.
Dayton City School
Dayton City School (DCS) is a municipal school district in Dayton, Tennessee which consists of a single K-8 school.

The district's attendance boundary is the city limits of Dayton. High school students attend Rhea County High School, operated by Rhea County Schools.

Dayton, Tennessee
Dayton is a city in and the county seat of Rhea County, Tennessee, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,065. The Dayton Urban Cluster includes developed areas adjacent to the city and extends south to Graysville.

Dayton was the site of the Scopes trial in 1925 dealing with the rejection of evolution by religious groups.
Georgetown Law Weekly
Georgetown Law Weekly is a weekly newspaper published by students at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C., United States.

The Law Weekly has a circulation of 1,500 and is printed each Tuesday of the school year. In total, twenty-two issues are printed over the course of the Fall and Spring semesters. It is composed on Quark XPress 6.1 and is printed by Southern Maryland Publishing. The newspaper accepts letters to the editor via email that do not exceed 700 words. A version of the Law Weekly is available online.

The Law Weekly won the American Bar Association Law Student Division's best newspaper award three years in a row, from 2002 to 2004. The late Reverend Father Robert F. Drinan served as Faculty Adviser.

Georgetown University Law Center
Georgetown University Law Center is the law school of Georgetown University, a private research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1870 and is the largest law school in the United States by enrollment, with over 2,000 students. It frequently receives the most full-time applications of any law school in the United States. Georgetown is considered part of the T14, an unofficial designation in the legal community of the best 14 law schools in the United States.

The school's campus is less than a mile from the U.S. Capitol Building and U.S. Supreme Court. Prominent alumni include 11 current members of the United States Congress, federal and state judges, billionaires, and diplomats.
2009 BCR Open Romania
The 2009 BCR Open Romania was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 17th edition of the event known that year as the BCR Open Romania, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2009 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Arenele BNR in Bucharest, Romania, from 21 September through 27 September 2009.

2009 ATP World Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP. The 2009 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2009 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organised by the ITF.
Changsha dialect
The Changsha dialect (simplified Chinese: 长沙话; traditional Chinese: 長沙話; pinyin: Chángshāhuà; IPA: [tsã˩˧sɔ˧ɣo˨˩]) is a dialect of New Xiang Chinese. It is spoken predominantly in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, China. It is not mutually intelligible with Standard Mandarin, the official language of China.

New Xiang
New Xiang, also known as Chang-Yi (simplified Chinese: 长益片; traditional Chinese: 長益片; pinyin: Chǎng Yì piàn; lit. 'Changsha and Yiyang subgroup') is the dominant form of Xiang Chinese. It is spoken in northeastern areas of Hunan, China adjacent to areas where Southwestern Mandarin and Gan are spoken. Under their influence, it has lost some of the conservative phonological characteristics that distinguish Old Xiang. While most linguists follow Yuan Jiahua in describing New Xiang as a subgroup of Xiang Chinese, Zhou Zhenhe and You Rujie classify it as Southwestern Mandarin.  However, New Xiang is still very difficult for Mandarin speakers to understand, particularly the old style of New Xiang.
Gamel Pennington, 4th Baron Muncaster
Gamel Augustus Pennington, 4th Baron Muncaster (3 December 1831 – 13 June 1862), styled Hon. Gamel Pennington until 1838, was an Irish peer and British landowner. A member of an old Cumberland family, he served as High Sheriff of Cumberland in 1859. He died of illness in Italy in 1862, leaving an infant daughter to succeed to his estates, while his peerage passed to his younger brother.

Sheriff of Cumberland
The sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown.  Formerly the sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct so that its functions are now largely ceremonial.  The sheriff changes every April.

The post of Sheriff of Cumberland existed from the creation of the county in the twelfth century up until 1974 when the administrative and ceremonial or geographic county of Cumberland became part of Cumbria.
Crossing the floor
In some parliamentary systems (e.g., in Canada and the United Kingdom), politicians are said to cross the floor if they formally change their political affiliation to a political party different from the one they were initially elected under. In Australia, this term simply refers to Members of Parliament (MPs) who dissent from the party line and vote against the express instructions of the party whip while retaining membership in their political party.

Voting against party lines may lead to consequences such as losing a position (e.g., as minister or a portfolio critic) or being ejected from the party caucus. While these practices are legally permissible in most countries, crossing the floor can lead to controversy and media attention. Some countries like Malaysia, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, the Maldives and Bangladesh have laws that remove a member from parliament due to floor-crossing.

Aaya Ram Gaya Ram
Aaya Ram Gaya Ram (lit. 'Ram has come, Ram has gone') is a Hindi expression referring to turncoats, who switch parties in the context of a legislative body. The term originated in 1967 in Haryana when the Member of the Legislative Assembly Gaya Lal shifted his party allegiances thrice within two weeks. Lal’s behavior eventually resulted in the imposition of President’s rule in Haryana later that year. Further pressure resulted in the passage of an anti-defection law in 1985. However, the practice of defection is still found today in state legislatures in India, albeit to a more limited extent.
8-1-1
8-1-1 is an N-1-1 telephone number in Canada and the United States. In Canada, the number is used for non-urgent health services. In the United States, 8-1-1 provides a uniform national phone number to access local utility location services.

N11 code
An N11 code (pronounced Enn-one-one) is a three-digit dialing code used in abbreviated dialing in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). The mnemonic N stands for any of the digits 2 through 9 and thus the syntax expands to 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711, 811, and 911. These dialing codes provide access to special local services, such as 911 for emergency services, which is a facility mandated by law in the United States. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in CC Docket 92-105, specified how the N11 codes of 211, 311, 511, 711 and 811 codes would be used for various types of public information under NANP.
North Norfolk Railway
The North Norfolk Railway (NNR) – also known as the "Poppy Line" – is a 5+1⁄4-mile (8.4 km) heritage steam railway in Norfolk, England, running between the towns of Sheringham and Holt.  The North Norfolk Railway is owned and operated as a public limited company, originally called Central Norfolk Enterprises Limited. The railway is listed as exempt from the UK Railways (Interoperability) Regulations 2000.

Sheringham railway station (North Norfolk Railway)
Sheringham is the name of a preserved railway station in Sheringham, Norfolk, England. It was once part of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway network and closed in 1967 when a new station was opened by British Rail c.200m eastwards. Since July 1975, it has served as the eastern terminus of the North Norfolk Railway. In March 2010, the link to Network Rail was reinstated.
Nashad
Nashad (Urdu: ناشاد; 11 July 1923 – 14 January 1981) was a film composer and music director of Indian and Pakistani film industry. He composed music for Hindi films in the 1940s and 1950s, credited on-screen under the names Nashad and then later migrated to Pakistan in 1964.

Salgira
Salgira (Urdu: سالگرہ, lit. 'Anniversary') is an Urdu-language Pakistani black-and-white film released in 1969. It is a melodious love story directed by Qamar Zaidi, produced by Najma Hassan and written by Shams Hanafi. The film stars Waheed Murad and Shamim Ara in leading roles. The film's story is based on the lost and found formula. The plot revolves around a girl who gets lost in her childhood but when her parents find her, she gets accused of a murder.

The film marked the presence of Asif Ali Zardari, the eleventh and fourteenth President of Pakistan, as an actor. He appeared in the film in his childhood as the younger version of Murad's character.
Papua and New Guinea Act 1949
The Papua and New Guinea Act 1949 was an Act passed by the Parliament of Australia. It replaced the Papua Act 1905 and the New Guinea Act 1920, and changed the status of the territories of Papua and New Guinea by merging their administrations to form Papua and New Guinea. The Act established local rule, although the territory remained under control by Australia. The Act was repealed by the Papua New Guinea Independence Act 1975 which allowed for Papua New Guinea's independence from Australia.

Papua New Guinea Independence Act 1975
The Papua New Guinea Independence Act 1975 is legislation passed by the Parliament of Australia. It replaced the Papua and New Guinea Act 1949, and changed the status of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea to that of an independent Papua New Guinea. The act set 16 September 1975 as the date of Papua New Guinea's independence and terminated all remaining sovereign and legislative powers of Australia over the country.
Diano d'Alba
Diano d'Alba is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Cuneo.

Diano d'Alba borders the following municipalities: Alba, Benevello, Grinzane Cavour, Montelupo Albese, Rodello and Serralunga d'Alba.

Montelupo Albese
Montelupo Albese is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Cuneo.

Montelupo Albese borders the following municipalities: Diano d'Alba, Rodello, Serralunga d'Alba, and Sinio.
Constructivism (philosophy of science)
Constructivism is a view in the philosophy of science that maintains that scientific knowledge is constructed by the scientific community, which seeks to measure and construct models of the natural world. According to constructivists, natural science consists of mental constructs that aim to explain sensory experiences and measurements, and that there is no single valid methodology in science but rather a diversity of useful methods. They also hold that the world is independent of human minds, but knowledge of the world is always a human and social construction. Constructivism opposes the philosophy of objectivism, embracing the belief that human beings can come to know the truth about the natural world not mediated by scientific approximations with different degrees of validity and accuracy.

Björn Kraus
Björn Kraus (born 1969) is a German philosopher (epistemologist and social scientist). Since the end of the 1990s he has been one of the key protagonists of constructivist theory formation. His work on epistemological and social science led to the development of relational constructivism.
He therefore picks up on the doubt about the possibilities of human perception. He thus stands in tradition of a skepticism as for example defined by Immanuel Kant and Ernst von Glasersfeld.
Based on the subjectivity of human reality constructions, Björn Kraus focuses on the relational conditions of human being in general and cognitive processes in particular.
Eitoku
Eitoku (永徳) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Kōryaku and before Shitoku. This period spanned the years from February 1381 to February 1384. The emperors in Kyoto were Emperor Go-En'yū (後円融天皇, Go-En'yū-tennō) and Emperor Go-Komatsu (後小松天皇, Go-Komatsu-tennō) The Southern Court rivals in Yoshino during this time-frame were Emperor Chōkei (長慶天皇, Chōkei-tennō) and Emperor Go-Kameyama (後亀山天皇, Go-Kameyama-tennō).

Emperor Go-En'yū
Emperor Go-En'yū (後円融天皇, Go-En'yū-tennō) (11 January 1359 – 6 June 1393) was the 5th of the Emperors of Northern Court during the period of two courts in Japan. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1371 through 1382.

This Nanboku-chō "sovereign" was named after the 10th century Emperor En'yū and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he may be called the "Later Emperor En'yū", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor En'yū, the second", or as "Emperor En'yū II."
Lake City, Michigan
Lake City is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Missaukee County, and is the largest city within the county. The city is located in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population of Lake City was 829. Lake City has been nicknamed "Michigan's Christmas Tree Capital", due to the high number of farms near the city.

Cadillac, Michigan
Cadillac (/ˈkædəlæk/ KAD-ə-lak) is a city in and county seat of Wexford County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 10,371 at the 2020 census, making it the second most-populated city in the Northern Michigan region, after Traverse City.

Cadillac was settled as early as 1871 and formerly known as the village of Clam Lake before incorporating as a city in 1877. The city is located upon the shores of Lake Cadillac, connected by the Clam Lake Canal to Lake Mitchell. The Clam River, which begins in Cadillac, is part of the Muskegon River watershed. Cadillac is the junction of three major highways: US Highway 131, M-55, and M-115. The geographic center of Michigan is approximately five miles (8.0 km) north-northwest of Cadillac. Cadillac is the primary city of the Cadillac micropolitan area, which includes all of Wexford County and Missaukee County to the east, and had population of 48,725 at the 2020 census.
Catherine Nyongesa
Catherine Naliaka Nyongesa Watta (née Catherine Naliaka) (born in 1970), is a Kenyan physician and radiation oncologist, who is the founder, owner and chief executive of Texas Cancer Centre, in Nairobi, the capital and largest city in the country.

University of Nairobi
The University of Nairobi (uonbi or UoN; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi) is a collegiate research university based in Nairobi and is the largest university in Kenya. Although its history as an educational institution dates back to 1956, it did not become an independent university until 1970. During that year, the University of East Africa was split into three independent universities: the Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, and the University of Nairobi in Kenya.

During the 2023 academic year, the university had 49,047 students, of whom 35,897 were undergraduates and 11,003 were postgraduates. The university launched several policy frameworks and introduced self-funded enrollment (also called 'module 2') to cope with the rising demand for higher education in Kenya.
Guča
Guča (Serbian Cyrillic: Гуча, pronounced [ɡûtʃa]) is a small town near the city of Čačak, located in the Lučani municipality, Moravica District, in the Dragačevo region of western Serbia. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 3,185 inhabitants. It is notable as the location of the Guča Trumpet Festival, held annually on a weekend in early August and attended by several hundred thousand visitors.

Lučani
Lučani (Serbian Cyrillic: Лучани) is a town and municipality located in the Moravica District of western Serbia. The population of the town is 2,921, while the population of the municipality is 16,933 (2022 census).
Hawthorne Hotel
The Hawthorne Hotel is a historic hotel located on Washington Square West in Salem, Massachusetts. The hotel is named after novelist and Salem native Nathaniel Hawthorne. Built in 1925, the hotel is currently a member of the Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The U.S. News & World Report ranked it the number one hotel in Salem. It has also been listed as one of the top allegedly haunted places in Massachusetts and the country.

Historic Hotels of America
Historic Hotels of America is a program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation that was founded in 1989 with 32 charter members; the program identifies hotels in the United States that have maintained authenticity, sense of place, and architectural integrity from their respective time periods.

As of 2025, the program includes 288 hotels in 44 of the 50 states, as well as Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington, D.C..
Merrimack River
The Merrimack River (or Merrimac River, an occasional earlier spelling) is a 117-mile-long (188 km) river in the northeastern United States. It rises at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers in Franklin, New Hampshire, flows southward into Massachusetts, and then flows northeast until it empties into the Gulf of Maine at Newburyport. From Pawtucket Falls in Lowell, Massachusetts, onward, the Massachusetts–New Hampshire border is roughly calculated as the line three miles north of the river.

The Merrimack is an important regional focus in both New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The central-southern part of New Hampshire and most of northeast Massachusetts is known as the Merrimack Valley.

Several U.S. naval ships have been named USS Merrimack and USS Merrimac in honor of this river. The river is also known for the early American literary classic A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau.

Pawtucket Falls (Massachusetts)
42°39′02.25″N 71°19′38.42″W﻿ / ﻿42.6506250°N 71.3273389°W﻿ / 42.6506250; -71.3273389

Pawtucket Falls is a waterfall on the Merrimack River at Lowell, Massachusetts.  The waterfall and rapids below it drop a total of 32 feet in a little under a mile, and was an important fishing ground for the Pennacook Indians in pre-colonial times.
U15 (Berlin U-Bahn)
The U15 was a line on the Berlin U-Bahn. Originally the U3 running between Wittenbergplatz and Uhlandstraße, it became a branch of the U1 in 1993 as part of the reorganisation of the network following the reopening of the U2.

On December 12, 2004, it was renumbered as the U1.

U3 (Berlin U-Bahn)
U3 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn created in its current version on 7 May 2018.

The routing is largely the same as the previous U2 until 1993, but it runs from Krumme Lanke to Wittenbergplatz. The route was renumbered to U1 from 1993 to 2004. It was extended one station further east to Nollendorfplatz to enable trains to be reversed and to allow one-stop transfer to the U4 in 2003. On 7 May 2018, the U3 was extended to run with the U1 all the way to Warschauer Straße.
VPM Media Corporation
The VPM Media Corporation, formerly known as the Commonwealth Public Broadcasting Corporation and Central Virginia Educational Television Corporation, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is the group owner of Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member public television stations and National Public Radio (NPR) member stations in central and western Virginia. The organization is based in Richmond, Virginia. VPM Media is owned by the Virginia Foundation for Public Media.

The stations were originally branded under the blanket name Community Idea Stations. As of May 2018, organizational funding was primarily private with only 9% from The Corporation for Public Broadcasting with the private split evenly between individuals and corporations and no state funding.

WCVE-TV
WCVE-TV (channel 23) is a PBS member television station in Richmond, Virginia, United States. Owned by the VPM Media Corporation (formerly known as the Commonwealth Public Broadcasting Corporation), the station maintains studios and a transmitter at 23 Sesame Street in Bon Air, a suburb of Richmond.

WHTJ (channel 41) in Charlottesville operates as a full-time satellite of WCVE-TV; this station's transmitter is located atop Carters Mountain. WCVE-TV also operates a sister station in Richmond, WCVW (channel 57), whose transmitter is co-located with WCVE-TV.

The three stations were collectively branded as the Community Idea Stations from 2001 until 2019, when Commonwealth Public Broadcasting rebranded its stations as VPM (short for Virginia Public Media), with WCVE-TV and WHTJ becoming VPM PBS and WCVW becoming VPM Plus.
Whiston, Staffordshire Moorlands
Whiston is a village in the Staffordshire Moorlands district of Staffordshire, England. Population details as taken at the 2011 census can be found under Kingsley.  It is located within the Churnet Valley on the A52 road east of the village of Froghall.

A52 road
The A52 is a major road in the East Midlands, England. It runs east from a junction with the A53 at Newcastle-under-Lyme near Stoke-on-Trent via Ashbourne, Derby, Stapleford, Nottingham, West Bridgford, Bingham, Grantham, Boston and Skegness to the east Lincolnshire coast at Mablethorpe. It is approximately 147 miles (237 km) long.
Yilan County Council
The Yilan County Council (ILCC; traditional Chinese: 宜蘭縣議會; simplified Chinese: 宜兰县议会; pinyin: Yilán Xiàn Yìhuì) is the elected county council of Yilan County, Taiwan. The council composes of 34 councilors elected in local elections held every four years.

Yilan County, Taiwan
Yilan, alternately spelled I-lan, is a county in northeastern Taiwan. It has a population of 450,031, and its seat is located in Yilan City.

Before the Han Chinese Wu Sha led his company into large-scale reclamation in today's Yilan in 1787, the area was mainly inhabited by the indigenous Kavalan people. During the Japanese rule, much of the present day Yilan County was part of Japan within its Taihoku Prefecture. When the Republic of China took over Taiwan in 1945, it became part of Taipei County until 10 October 1950 when 12 southeastern townships of Taipei County split off to form the present day Yilan County.