hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xanbulaq, Agsu
Xanbulaq, Gürcüvan (?-2018) (also, Gyurdzhivan, Gyurdzhyuvan, and Gyurzhyuvan) is a village and municipality in the Agsu Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 300. The municipality consists of the villages of Gürcüvan, Kəndaxan, Yenikənd, Hinqar, Girdə, and Kövlüc.

Qendaxan
40°40′00″N 48°22′28″E﻿ / ﻿40.66667°N 48.37444°E﻿ / 40.66667; 48.37444

Qendaxan (also, Kəndaxan, Gendakhan, and Gendykhany) is a village in the Agsu Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Gürcüvan.
Hamajima, Mie
Hamajima (浜島町, Hamajima-chō) was a town located in the former Shima District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,686 and a density of 205.72 persons per km2. The total area was 27.64 km2.

On October 1, 2004, Hamajima, along with the towns of Shima (former), Ago, Daiō and Isobe (all from Shima District), was merged to create the city of Shima and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Daiō, Mie
Daiō (大王町, Daiō-chō) was a town located in the former Shima District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,154 and a density of 632.09 persons per km2. The total area was 12.90 km2.

On October 1, 2004, Daiō, along with the towns of Shima (former), Ago, Hamajima and Isobe (all from Shima District), was merged to create the city of Shima and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Trams and trolleybuses in North Korea
Trams and trolleybuses in North Korea are forms of public transportation for North Koreans to travel around in urban centres given the shortages on fuel and access to cars for average citizens.

Very few details are known about these trolleybuses and trams due to the closed society of North Korea. Pyongyang, Wonsan and Chongjin are the only cities known to have tramways.

For a full list of trolleybus systems in North Korea, see List of trolleybus systems in North Korea.

Wonsan Tram
Wonsan Tram (Korean: 원산갈마해안관광지구 궤도전차) is a tourist tram system in Wonsan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The line opened in 2025, and consists of a single-track tramway that runs 8.5 kilometers.
Sviatoshynskyi District
Sviatoshynskyi District is an urban district in the city of Kyiv located at the western part of city. The district was created in 2001 after renaming the former Leningrad District. It borders four other districts in Kyiv such as Podilskyi District, Obolonskyi District, Solomianskyi District, Shevchenkivskyi District as well as Bucha Raion that administratively is part of Kyiv Oblast. It takes its name from the historical neighbourhood of Sviatoshyn, named for the 12th century Prince Mykola Sviatosha..

Shevchenkivskyi District, Kyiv
The Shevchenkivskyi District is an urban district of the city of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It was originally established on 4 April 1937, although in 2001 its area was increased following an annexation of the former Radianskyi and Starokyivskyi districts.

The district is historically significant, as it was here on the Old Kyiv mount where the apostle Saint Andrew erected the cross, also the famous Golden Gate of Kyiv, the main entrance to the medieval city of Kyiv is located in the district, as are the three major churches of the city: Saint Sophia, Saint Michael and Saint Andrew. Furthermore, in this district the first parliament of Ukraine met at the Ukrainian Club Building and declared Independence in 1917.
Jeho-tang
Jeho-tang (Korean: 제호탕) is a traditional Korean cold drink made with honey and several ingredients used in traditional Korean medicine. The ingredients include omae (오매; 烏梅, "smoked unripe plums"), sain (사인; 沙仁, "medicinal cardamom"), baekdanhyang (백단향; 白檀香, "white sandalwood"), and chogwa (초과; 草果, "black cardamom"). The powdered ingredients are mixed together with honey and water and then boiled. After the liquid is chilled, it is diluted in cold water. It was considered the best summer drink in Korean royal court cuisine.

Smoked plum
Smoked plum is the smoked fruit of Asian plums, used in East Asian cuisine and medicine. It is called wūméi (烏梅) in Mandarin, omae (오매; 烏梅) in Korean, ubai (烏梅; うばい) in Japanese, and Ô mai  in Vietnamese.
Estonia national youth football team
The Estonia national youth football teams are a group of six teams that represents Estonia in association football at various specific age levels, ranging from under-15 to under-21. All of the teams are controlled by Estonian Football Association, the governing body for football in Estonia.

The six teams are the following:

Estonia national under-21 football team

Estonia national under-19 football team

Estonia national under-18 football team

Estonia national under-17 football team

Estonia national under-16 football team

Estonia national under-15 football team

Estonia national under-19 football team
The Estonia national under-19 football team represents Estonia in international under-19 football and is controlled by the Estonian Football Association (Eesti Jalgpalli Liit), the governing body for football in Estonia. The team's home ground is the A. Le Coq Arena in Tallinn, and the current manager is Alo Bärengrub.

Estonia qualified as hosts to the 2012 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, making it Estonia's first appearance in a major tournament and the first major football tournament to be held in the country. The team failed to get past the group stage, losing all three matches against Portugal, Greece and Spain.
Veseru
Veseru is an islet in Penrhyn Atoll (Tongareva) in the Cook Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean. It is on the eastern edge of the atoll, between Tuirai and Takuua. The island was once inhabited and contains a marae, Arahura.

Penrhyn atoll
Penrhyn (also called Tongareva, Māngarongaro, Hararanga, and Te Pitaka) is an atoll in the northern group of the Cook Islands in the south Pacific Ocean. The northernmost island in the group, it is located at 1,365 km (848 mi) north-north-east of the capital island of Rarotonga, 9 degrees south of the equator. Its nearest neighbours are Rakahanga and Manihiki, approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi) to the southwest. Once one of the most heavily populated atolls, it was almost completely depopulated by Peruvian slavers in 1864.
Gironès
Gironès (Catalan: [ʒiɾuˈnɛs]; Spanish: Gironés) is a comarca (county) in eastern Catalonia, Spain, bordering Selva, Baix Empordà, Alt Empordà, Pla de l'Estany and Garrotxa. As of 2008, more than half of the comarca's 175,148 inhabitants live in the capital, Girona, which is also the capital of the Girona region and Spanish province.

Garrotxa
Garrotxa (Catalan pronunciation: [ɡəˈrɔtʃə]) is a comarca (county) in the Girona region, Catalonia, Spain. Its population in 2016 was 55,999, more than half of them in the capital city of Olot. It is roughly equivalent to the historical County of Besalú.
Tantei Team KZ Jiken Note
Tantei Team KZ Jiken Note (探偵チームKZ事件ノート, Tantei Chīmu Kazzu Jiken Nōto; lit. "Detective Team KZ's Case Notes") is a Japanese children's novel series written by Hitomi Fujimoto and Ryō Sumitaki, and illustrated by Komagata. Kodansha has published twenty volumes since 2011 until the last chapter in February 2016 issue of Nakayoshi magazine. An anime television series adaptation by Signal.MD began airing from October 7, 2015, to January 27, 2016.

Signal.MD
Signal.MD, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社シグナル・エムディ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Shigunaru Emudi) was a Japanese animation studio founded on October 1, 2014, by Production I.G holding company IG Port. The studio was dissolved in June 2025, but continues to operate as an internal brand and team within Production I.G.
Bagnaria
Bagnaria (Lombard: Bagnèra) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 70 km south of Milan and about 40 km south of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 640 and an area of 16.6 km².

Bagnaria borders the following municipalities: Gremiasco, Ponte Nizza, Varzi.

Ponte Nizza
Ponte Nizza is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 70 km south of Milan and about 35 km south of Pavia.

Ponte Nizza borders the following municipalities: Bagnaria, Cecima, Godiasco, Gremiasco, Montesegale, Val di Nizza, Varzi.
Pirate decryption
Pirate decryption is the decryption, or decoding, of pay TV or pay radio signals without permission from the original broadcaster. The term "pirate" is used in the sense of copyright infringement. The MPAA and other groups which lobby in favour of intellectual property (specifically copyright and trademark) regulations have labelled such decryption as "signal theft" and object to it, arguing that losing out on a potential chance to profit from a consumer's subscription fees counts as a loss of actual profit.

FTA receiver
A free-to-air or FTA Receiver is a satellite television receiver designed to receive unencrypted broadcasts. Modern decoders are typically compliant with the MPEG-4/DVB-S2 standard and formerly the MPEG-2/DVB-S standard, while older FTA receivers relied on analog satellite transmissions which have declined rapidly in recent years.
Oettinger Brewery
Oettinger Brauerei is a brewery group in Germany. Oettinger was Germany's best selling beer brand between 2004 and 2013 with an annual output of 6.21 million hectolitres (5,290,000 US bbl) in 2011.

Oettinger's headquarters are in Oettingen in Bayern but they also have breweries in Mönchengladbach and Braunschweig. They had a brewery in Gotha however this was closed in late 2022.

Oettingen in Bayern
Oettingen in Bayern (German pronunciation: [ˈœtɪŋən ʔɪn ˈbaɪɐn] ⓘ, lit. 'Oettingen in Bavaria'; Alemannic German: Eade) is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 29 km (18 mi) northwest of Donauwörth, and 14 km (8.7 mi) northeast of Nördlingen.
Gun Creek (British Columbia)
Gun Creek is a major left (north) tributary of the Bridge River in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada.  Located at its mouth into today's Carpenter Lake was Minto City, a gold mining town established in the 1930s and destroyed by a flood in the later 1940s.  Carpenter Lake is a reservoir of the Bridge River Hydroelectric Project.  Gun Lake is part of the creek's basin but is not on the creek itself, but connected to it by a short stream from its northeastern end.

Bridge River
The Bridge River is a river in southern British Columbia, Canada. It flows south-east from the Coast Mountains. Until 1961, it was a major tributary of the Fraser River, entering that stream about six miles upstream from the town of Lillooet; its flow, however, was near-completely diverted into Seton Lake with the completion of the Bridge River Power Project, with most of the river's water now entering the Fraser just south of Lillooet as a result. The Bridge River hydroelectric complex, operated by BC Hydro, consists of three successive dams, providing water for four hydro power plants with the total rated power of total 492 megawatts.
Oak Hill, Maine
Oak Hill is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Scarborough in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. Prior to the 2020 census, the CDP was known as Scarborough. The population was 4,403 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Scarborough, Maine
Scarborough is a town in Cumberland County on the southern coast of the U.S. state of Maine. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland, Scarborough is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The population was 22,135 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous town in Maine.
Ilych
The Ilych (Russian: Илыч) is a river in the Komi Republic in northwest Russia. It drains part of the northern Ural Mountains westward into the upper Pechora. The river is 411 kilometres (255 mi) long, and the area of its drainage basin is 16,000 square kilometres (6,200 sq mi). The Ilych freezes up in early November and stays icebound until late April. Its main tributaries are the rivers Kogel and Palyu. The Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve lies along the left bank of the Ilych.

Pechora (river)
The Pechora (Russian: Печо́ра; Komi: Печӧра; Nenets: Санэроˮ яха) is the sixth-longest river in Europe. Flowing from Northwest Russia and into the Arctic Ocean, it lies mostly in the Komi Republic but the northernmost part crosses the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Kruostas
The Kruostas is a river of  Kėdainiai district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 28.9 kilometres (18.0 mi) and has a basin area of 99.7 km2 (38.5 sq mi). It originates near Alksnėnai village and goes through agriculture fields passing the villages of Žilvičiai, Šlapaberžė, Beržai and Daškoniai. The lower course goes through a deep valley beside Vaidatoniai hillfort. This area is Kruostas botanic sanctuary. The river meets the Nevėžis from the right side near Urbeliai village. Vaidatoniai pond is on the Kruostas river.

The name Kruostas derives from Lithuanian word kruostas or skruostas ('cheek, eyelash, eyebrow'), further from skrosti, skersti ('to slice, to butcher').

Urbeliai
Urbeliai is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 5 people. It is located 1.5 km from Sirutiškis, by the regional road  Kėdainiai-Krekenava-Panevėžys, on the right bank of the Nevėžis river, next to the mouth of its tributary the Kruostas. There is a former hydroelectric power plant (now in ruins) on the Nevėžis near Urbeliai.
Timeline of biotechnology
The historical application of biotechnology throughout time is provided below in chronological order.

These discoveries, inventions and modifications are evidence of the application of biotechnology since before the common era and describe notable events in the research, development and regulation of biotechnology.

Bioeconomy
Biobased economy, bioeconomy or biotechonomy is an economic activity involving the use of biotechnology and biomass in the production of goods, services, or energy. The terms are widely used by regional development agencies, national and international organizations, and biotechnology companies. They are closely linked to the evolution of the biotechnology industry and the capacity to study, understand, and manipulate genetic material that has been possible due to scientific research and technological development. This includes the application of scientific and technological developments to agriculture, health, chemical, and energy industries.
Washermanpet railway station
Washermanpet railway station is one of the railway stations in Chennai, India. It is one of the stations of the Chennai Beach–Gummidipoondi and Chennai Beach-Arakkonam sections of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. It serves the neighbourhood of Washermanpet, Korukkupet and Tondiarpet. It is situated at Washermanpet, with an elevation of 9 m above sea level. The station lies at the eastern end of the 'diamond' junction of Chennai's railway network, where all the lines of the Chennai Suburban Railway meet.

Vannarapettai
Vannarapettai (transl. Washermenpet) is a northern neighbourhood of Chennai, India. It is also known as Pazhaya Vannarapettai (transl. Old Washermenpet), sometimes shortened as Vannai. It is located north of Parrys Corner and adjacent to Royapuram. Washermanpet is famous for its jewelry shops and matchbox industries, many of which are centered on two main arterial roads.
Broadway, Parrys, Royapuram, Korukkupet, Tondiarpet,Kasimedu and Tiruvottiyur are located adjacent to this locality.
Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
Certain species of fish and birds are able to locomote in both air and water, two fluid media with very different properties. A fluid is a particular phase of matter that deforms under shear stresses and includes any type of liquid or gas. Because fluids are easily deformable and move in response to applied forces, efficiently locomoting in a fluid medium presents unique challenges. Specific morphological characteristics are therefore required in animal species that primarily depend on fluidic locomotion. Because the properties of air and water are so different, swimming and flying have very disparate morphological requirements. As a result, despite the large diversity of animals that are capable of flight or swimming, only a limited number of these species have mastered the ability to both fly and swim. These species demonstrate distinct morphological and behavioral tradeoffs associated with transitioning from air to water and water to air.

Auk
Auks or alcids are birds of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes. The alcid family includes the murres, guillemots, auklets, puffins, and murrelets. The family contains 25 extant or recently extinct species that are classified into 11 genera. Auks are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.

Apart from the extinct great auk, all auks can fly, and are excellent swimmers and divers (appearing to "fly" in water), but their walking appears clumsy.
Ishiyama Hongan-ji War
The Ishiyama Hongan-ji War (石山合戦, Ishiyama Kassen) was a ten-year military campaign that took place from 1570 to 1580 in Sengoku period Japan, carried out by lord Oda Nobunaga against a network of fortifications, temples, and communities belonging to the Ikkō-ikki, a powerful faction of Jōdo Shinshū Buddhist monks and peasants opposed to the rule of the samurai class.

It centered on attempts to take down the Ikki's central base, the cathedral fortress of Ishiyama Hongan-ji, in what is today the city of Osaka. While Nobunaga and his allies led attacks on Ikki communities and fortifications in the nearby provinces, weakening the Hongan-ji's support structure, elements of his army remained camped outside the Hongan-ji, blocking supplies to the fortress and serving as scouts.

Kōsa
Kennyo (顕如; February 20, 1543 – December 27, 1592), also known as Kōsa (光佐), was the 11th patriarch of the Hongan-ji lineage of Jodo Shinshu Buddhism, and Chief Abbot of Ishiyama Hongan-ji, cathedral fortress of the Ikkō-ikki (Buddhist warrior priests and peasants who opposed samurai rule), during its siege at the end of the Sengoku period. Similar to his father, Shōnyo (10th patriarch), Kennyo engineered many alliances, and organized the defenses of the cathedral to the point that most at the time considered Ishiyama Hongan-ji to be unbreachable.
Iwatakiguchi Station
Iwatakiguchi Station (岩滝口駅, Iwatakiguchi-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Miyazu, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Willer Trains (Kyoto Tango Railway).

Miyazu, Kyoto
Miyazu (宮津市, Miyazu-shi) is a city located in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.  As of 28 February 2022, the city had an estimated population of 16,988 in 8348 households and a population density of 98 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 172.74 square kilometres (66.70 sq mi).
Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay
The Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay is an award given by the Florida Film Critics Circle to honor the finest achievements in film-making. The award has been split into two categories, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Original Screenplay, since 2010.

Florida Film Critics Circle
The Florida Film Critics Circle (FFCC) is a film critic organization founded in 1996. The FFCC comprises 30 film critics from Florida-based print and online publications. At the end of each year, the FFCC members vote on the Florida Film Critics Circle Awards for incredible achievements in films released that year. The organization also awards the Pauline Kael Breakout Award, named after film critic Pauline Kael, and the Golden Orange Award for Outstanding Contribution to Film. The FFCC membership includes film critics from Miami Herald, Miami New Times, Sun-Sentinel, Folio Weekly, Bloody Disgusting, WJNO Radio, WTVT, The Daytona Beach News-Journal, FlickDirect, and Tampa Bay Times.
Vrddha Garga
Garga, also known as Vṛddha Garga ("Garga the Elder"), was an ancient Indian scholar of jyotisha. Several Sanskrit-language jyotiḥśāstra works - covering topics such as astrology, astronomy, and divination - are attributed to him. These works were written over several centuries, and are obviously not the work of a single author. Modern scholars generally date the oldest of these works - Gargiya-jyotisha - to the 1st century CE, although the source materials for these works may be much older.

Garga-samhita (Garga and Bharadvaja)
Garga-samhita (IAST: Garga-saṃhitā), is an Indian Sanskrit-language text on jyotisha (ancient Indian astrology and astronomy), written as a dialogue between the sages Bharadvaja and Garga. Although attributed to Garga, it was definitely not composed by the ancient astrologer of that name, and can be dated to 6th-7th century CE.
Ferguslie Peninsula
Ferguslie Peninsula is a peninsula 2.4 km (1.5 mi) long, lying between Browns Bay and Macdougal Bay on the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. The peninsula was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it for Ferguslie, the residence of James Coats, chief patron of the expedition.

Cape Geddes forms the tip of the peninsula. It was named by Bruce for Professor Patrick Geddes, a noted Scottish biologist and sociologist.

A series of peaks called the Ross Peaks rise between Ferguslie Peninsula and Fitchie Bay.

Fitchie Bay
Fitchie Bay (60°45′S 44°29′W﻿ / ﻿60.750°S 44.483°W﻿ / -60.750; -44.483) is a bay lying between Cape Dundas and Cape Whitson on the south side of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands. It was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it for John Fitchie, second mate of the expedition ship Scotia.

A series of peaks called the Ross Peaks rise between Ferguslie Peninsula and Fitchie Bay. Graptolite Island sits in the northeastern part of the bay.
Munster Senior Cup (rugby union)
The Munster Senior Cup is a rugby union competition for the senior clubs affiliated to the Munster branch of the Irish Rugby Football Union.

The winners compete with the other three provincial cup winners for the All-Ireland Cup.

Garryowen Football Club
Garryowen Football Club (Irish: Cumann Rugbaí Gharraí Eoin), usually referred to as Garryowen, is a rugby union club from Limerick, Ireland. As at the 2024–25 season, it plays in Division 1A of the All-Ireland League. Historically, Garryowen has been one of the most successful clubs in Irish rugby union.
Black-tailed hutia
The black-tailed hutia (Mesocapromys melanurus), also known as the bushy-tailed hutia, is a small, furry, rat-like mammal found only in Cuba. It lives in lowland moist forests and is threatened by habitat loss. It is a member of the hutia subfamily (Capromyinae), a group of rodents native to the Caribbean that are mostly endangered or extinct.

Although it was formerly classified in the genus Mysateles, phylogenetic evidence supports it belonging to the genus Mesocapromys.

Hutia
Hutias (known in Spanish as jutía) are moderately large cavy-like rodents of the subfamily Capromyinae that inhabit the Caribbean islands. Most species are restricted to Cuba, but species are known from all of the Greater Antilles, as well as the Bahamas and (formerly) Little Swan Island off of Honduras.

Twenty species of hutia have been identified, but at least half are extinct. Only Desmarest's hutia and the prehensile-tailed hutia remain common and widespread; all other extant species are considered threatened by the IUCN.

The extinct giant hutias of the family Heptaxodontidae also inhabited the Caribbean, but are not thought to be closely related, with the giant hutias belonging in the superfamily Chinchilloidea.