hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franz Brünnow
Franz Friedrich Ernst Brünnow (18 November 1821 – 20 August 1891) was a German astronomer.

He was the first foreigner to become director of an American observatory, serving as director of Detroit Observatory (at the University of Michigan) from 1854 to 1863.  He played a major role in establishing the study of astronomy in the United States at a time when the only other serious faculty was run by Benjamin Peirce at Harvard University. He introduced the teaching of rigorous German analytical methods and trained a number of students who went on to further American astronomy, including Asaph Hall and James Craig Watson (the latter succeeded him as director of Detroit Observatory). In addition, Charles Augustus Young learned German astronomical methods from Brünnow although he did not attend the University of Michigan.

He succeeded William R Hamilton as Andrews Professor of Astronomy at Trinity College Dublin and Royal Astronomer of Ireland at Dunsink Observatory.

James Craig Watson
James Craig Watson (January 28, 1838 – November 23, 1880) was a Canadian-American astronomer, discoverer of comets and minor planets, director of the University of Michigan's Detroit Observatory in Ann Arbor, and awarded with the Lalande Prize in 1869.
Gooding Drive
Gooding Drive (state route 50) is a major road on the Gold Coast, Queensland. The road begins at the intersection of Hinkler Drive in Worongary where it passes over the Pacific Motorway and runs through the suburb of Merrimac before terminating in Carrara where it joins up with Nerang–Broadbeach Road (state route 90). As part of the most direct route from the Gold Coast Highway at Broadbeach to the Pacific Motorway it is a key component of Gold Coast infrastructure.

Nerang–Broadbeach Road
Nerang–Broadbeach Road is a road on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. It is classified a state-controlled district road, and is part of State Route 90. The eastern section is also known as Hooker Boulevard.

It is a state-controlled district road (number 105).
Ionuț Mitrea
Ionuţ Alexandru Mitrea (Romanian pronunciation: [joˈnuts alekˈsandru ˈmitre̯a]; born 18 January 1990 in Bucharest) is a Romanian sprint canoeist. Mitrea is a member of the canoe and kayak team for Dynamo Bucharest Sports Club, and is coached and trained by Serban Romica.

Mitrea qualified for the men's K-2 200 metres at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, by finishing fourth from the 2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged, Hungary. Mitrea and his partner Bogdan Mada paddled to a fifth-place finish and thirteenth overall in the B-final by approximately ten seconds behind the Belgian pair Olivier Cauwenbergh and Laurens Pannecoucke, recording their slowest time of 46.495 seconds.

Olivier Cauwenbergh
Olivier Cauwenbergh (born 15 March 1987) is a Belgian sprint canoeist. Cauwenbergh is a member of Royal Canoe Club Mechelen (Dutch: Koninklijke Cano Club Mechelen), and thus is coached and trained by Carlos Prendes.

Cauwenbergh qualified for the men's K-2 1000 metres at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, by finishing fourth from the 2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged, Hungary. Cauwenbergh and his partner Laurens Pannecoucke paddled to a second-place finish and tenth overall in the B-final by forty-seven hundredths of a second (0.47) behind the winning Danish pair Kim Wraae Knudsen and Emil Stær Simensen, posting their best Olympic time of 3:13.298. Three days later, the Belgian pair edged out Romania's Ionuț Mitrea and Bogdan Mada for fourth place by ten seconds, in the B-final of the men's K-2 200 metres, clocking at 36.336 seconds.
Artsyz
Artsyz (Ukrainian: Арциз, pronounced [ɐrˈtsɪz] ⓘ; Bulgarian: Арциз, romanized: Artsiz; Romanian: Arciz; Turkish: Artsız or Arsız; German: Artzis or Arzis) is a city in Bolhrad Raion of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Artsyz urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 14,355 (2022 estimate). In 2001, population was 16,370. In 2001, the city of Artsyz was 66.51% Russian-speaking, 22.57% Ukrainian-speaking, 7.9% Bulgarian-speaking, and 1.49% Romanian-speaking. The city had 16,268 inhabitants in 2001, of which 6,495 identified themselves as ethnic Ukrainians (39.92%),  5,258 as ethnic Russians (32.32%), 3,075 as Bulgarians (18.90%), 695 as Moldovans (4.27%) and 204 (1.25%), as Gagauz.

Artsyz urban hromada
Artsyz urban hromada is a hromada in Bolhrad Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Population: 35,734 (2020 est.)

The hromada consists of a city of Artsyz, one rural settlement (Novokholmske) and 11 villages:
Ibrahim Kpotun Idris
Ibrahim Idris Kpotun (born 15 January 1959) is a Nigerian police officer and former Inspector General of Police. He was appointed to this position by President Muhammadu Buhari on 21 March 2016, serving till his retirement in January 2019. He replaced Solomon Arase, who retired from the police force on 21 June 2016.

Prior to his appointment, he was an Assistant Inspector General of Police (Operations), FHQ Abuja. He also led the Police Mobile Force as well as the Kano State and Nasarawa State police commands in Nigeria while serving in the rank of Commissioner of Police.

Solomon Arase
Solomon Ehigiator Arase (21 June 1956 – 31 August 2025) was a Nigerian police officer. He was also a chairman of the Nigeria Police Service Commission. He was appointed Chairman in January 2023 by the Late President Muhammadu Buhari. Arase also served as the 18th Inspector-General of Nigerian Police (IGP) after Suleiman Abba was sacked. Before his appointment as IGP, Arase was head of the topmost intelligence gathering unit of the Nigerian police, the Criminal Intelligence and Investigation Bureau.
Sequals
Sequals (Friulian: Secuals) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Pordenone.

Sequals borders the following municipalities: Arba, Cavasso Nuovo, Meduno, Pinzano al Tagliamento, Spilimbergo, Travesio.

Travesio
Travesio (Friulian: Travês) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Pordenone. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,816 and an area of 28.8 square kilometres (11.1 sq mi).

Travesio borders the following municipalities: Castelnovo del Friuli, Meduno, Pinzano al Tagliamento, Sequals, Tramonti di Sotto. Its frazione (borough) of Toppo is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Salesbrook
Salesbrook (sometimes written 'Sales Brook' or archaically 'Sailsbrook'. Occasionally referred to by the Welsh version of the name Nant Acsiynau) is a small settlement in the parish of Newhall, near the village of Aston, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire and the unitary authority of Cheshire East in England. Nearby settlements include Aston by Wrenbury, Newhall, Barnett Brook and Dodd's Green.

Dodd's Green
Dodd's Green (also Dod's Green, Dodds Green and Doddsgreen) is a small settlement within the civil parish of Newhall in the Cheshire East division of the ceremonial county of Cheshire. It includes Dodds Green Farm and a cluster of nearby residential buildings as well as the former church of Doddsgreen Methodist Church; all are located on Dodd's Green Lane, which connects the A530 with the A525 (Whitchurch Road).

Some historical Ordnance Survey maps (such as the 1945 New Popular Edition) mark the settlement's centre at Grindley Green in the adjacent civil parish of Dodcott cum Wilkesley; others (such as the 1833 First Series) place it in the modern position. Nearby settlements include Newhall and Salesbrook.

The Wesleyan Methodist Church dates from 1835; it was combined with St Andrew's Methodist Church, Aston in 1985.
2017 Venezuelan protests
The 2017 Venezuelan protests were a series of protests occurring throughout Venezuela. Protests began in January 2017 after the arrest of multiple opposition leaders and the cancellation of dialogue between the opposition and Nicolás Maduro's government.

As the tension continued, the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis began in late March when the pro-government Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) dissolved the opposition-led National Assembly, with the intensity of protests increasing greatly throughout Venezuela following the decision. As April arrived,  the protests grew "into the most combative since a wave of unrest in 2014" resulting from the crisis with hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans protesting daily through the month and into May. After failing to prevent the July Constituent Assembly election, the opposition and protests largely lost momentum.

Foro Penal
Foro Penal (transl. Penal Forum) is a Venezuelan human rights organization that provides legal assistance pro bono to people subject of arbitrary detentions and their relatives. The organization is composed of regional coordinators for each state in Venezuela, pro bono lawyers on a national level and a network of over five thousand volunteers, non-lawyer activists, known as "active defensors".
Skylarkin' (Mic Christopher album)
Skylarkin' is Mic Christopher's only solo album, which was released following his death in November 2001.  The album was finalised by Karl Odlum (of Mic's old band, the Mary Janes) and David Odlum (of the Frames).  Many fellow musicians from the Irish music scene contributed to the album including Glen Hansard and Colm Mac Con Iomaire of the Frames, Rónán Ó Snodaigh of Kíla, Lisa Hannigan and Gemma Hayes.

Skylarkin' entered the Irish charts at No. 39 in 2002  and in March of the following year won Best Irish album at the Meteor Awards. November 2004 saw the album achieving Platinum status in Ireland (selling over 15,000 copies).  In 2005, Skylarkin' was voted #14 in the Hot Press "People's Choice" Top 100 Irish Albums of All Time.

The song "Heyday", which was released as the title track of an EP in October 2000, was used in the Guinness advertisement Quarrel, which was produced in Ireland in 2003 and starred Michael Fassbender.

The Frames
The Frames are an Irish rock band based in Dublin. Founded in 1990 by Glen Hansard, the band has been influential in the Dublin rock music scene. The group has released six studio albums. In addition to Hansard, the band's current line-up includes original member Colm Mac Con Iomaire, Joe Doyle, and Rob Bochnik.
Bradenton Beach, Florida
Bradenton Beach is a city on Anna Maria Island in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The population was 908 at the 2020 census, down from 1,171 in 2010. It is part of the North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The city occupies the southern part of Anna Maria Island and is one of three municipalities on the island. The others are Holmes Beach in the center and Anna Maria in the north.

Manatee County, Florida
Manatee County is located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 399,710. Manatee County is part of the Sarasota metropolitan area. Its county seat and largest city is Bradenton, Florida. The county was created in 1855 and named for the West Indian manatee, Florida's official marine mammal. Features of Manatee County include access to the southern part of the Tampa Bay estuary, the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, and the Manatee River.
Rayleigh (UK Parliament constituency)
Rayleigh was a parliamentary constituency in Essex represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election from 1997 to 2010.

Rochford (UK Parliament constituency)
Rochford was a County Constituency in Essex, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 until 1997. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Awainggale
Awainggale is a village in Ye Township in the Mon State of south-east Myanmar. It is located approximately 16 kilometres north-west of Ye city.

Nearby towns and villages include Andin (6.48 km), Saiye (6.48 km), Thingangyun (3.51 km), Thinbawzeik (5.92 km), Taungbon (4.07 km), Hmeinsein (4.07 km) and Zuntalin (2.59 km).

Andin
Andin (Burmese: အံဒင်) is a village in Ye Township in the Mon State of south-east Burma. It is located approximately 16 kilometres north-west of Ye city.

Nearby towns and villages include Daminzeik Auk (12.1 km), Hnyigarok (1.0 km), Thingangyun (2.2 km), Awainggale (3.5 km), Zuntalin (4.0 km), Daminzeikkyi(8.0 km), Duya(5.1 km), Zayat (3.2 km) and Hnyihnu (2.2 km).
Minister of Defence (Italy)
The minister of defence (Italian: ministro della difesa) is a senior member of the Italian Cabinet who leads the Ministry of Defence. The minister is responsible for military and civil defence matters and managing the Italian Armed Forces.

The first minister of war was Manfredo Fanti, a general of the Royal Italian Army, while the first minister of defence was Luigi Gasparotto, member of the Labour Democratic Party; the current office holder is Guido Crosetto, of the Brothers of Italy party, who has been acting as defence minister since 22 October 2022.

Luigi Gasparotto
Luigi Gasparotto (31 May 1873 – 29 June 1954) was an Italian lawyer and politician. He served several times as a government minister and was one of the founders of the Labour Democratic Party. He was also president of Fiera Milano.
Boom Boom Room
Boom Boom Room were an English band which formed in 1985, comprising Andy Nakanza (vocals), Skid (drums), Inz (bass), and Lushi (rhythm guitar). Lushi was also in a band called One the Juggler. They had one single in the UK Singles Chart, "Here Comes the Man", which entered the chart on 8 March 1986, and reached #74; it was in the chart for one week.

The song was later covered by The Parlotones, appearing on their EP Borderline Patrol in 2004, and their debut studio album, Radiocontrolledrobot, in 2005.

One the Juggler
One the Juggler was a British alternative rock band. The name was derived from the first Tarot card. It was chosen to complement the band's Gypsy image.

The group signed a record contract with RCA Records in 1982. They had a minor hit in the UK Singles Chart when their track "Passion Killer" spent one week at No. 71 in February 1983. They supported artists such as Elvis Costello and Eurythmics. In 1985, a contractual dispute resulted in their last album, produced and played on by Mick Ronson, not being promoted. The group disbanded soon afterward.

The band's first album Nearly a Sin was re-released by Angel Air Records on CD in 2015 and met with positive reviews.
Grenada Village
Grenada Village is one of the northern suburbs of Wellington, New Zealand, between   Paparangi and Grenada North.

In 1991, a new landfill was opened in Grenada, with direct access via an overbridge to the adjacent motorway. A road extension would give Newlands and Paparangi access to the motorway, but the Grenada Village Progressive Association was concerned about any increase in traffic and car speeds. From 1994, the WCC consulted with residents, and in 2009, the "Mark Avenue Extension" connecting the two roads was opened by the mayor. The new subdivision was called Hunter Hills, and future roads would give access to the Lincolnshire Farms development.

Grenada North
Grenada North is a small suburb in northern Wellington, New Zealand. It is 5 km south of Porirua's city centre, and 13 km north of Wellington's city centre. Its western boundary is formed by State Highway 1 (SH 1N) and Takapu Road. The suburb itself was named after Grenada in the Caribbean, and most streets are named after Caribbean islands.

The Caribbean Avenue Reserve can be accessed from Caribbean Drive.
Hnyihnu
Hnyihnu is a village in Ye Township in the Mon State of south-east Burma. It is located approximately 12 kilometres north-west of Ye city.

Nearby towns and villages include Andin (2.2 nm), Saiye (2.2 nm), Zuntalin (4.2 nm), Kyonpaw (4:0 nm) and Zayat (1.0 nm).

Andin
Andin (Burmese: အံဒင်) is a village in Ye Township in the Mon State of south-east Burma. It is located approximately 16 kilometres north-west of Ye city.

Nearby towns and villages include Daminzeik Auk (12.1 km), Hnyigarok (1.0 km), Thingangyun (2.2 km), Awainggale (3.5 km), Zuntalin (4.0 km), Daminzeikkyi(8.0 km), Duya(5.1 km), Zayat (3.2 km) and Hnyihnu (2.2 km).
Fermi gas
A Fermi gas is an idealized model, an ensemble of many non-interacting fermions. Fermions are particles that obey Fermi–Dirac statistics, like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and, in general, particles with half-integer spin. These statistics determine the energy distribution of fermions in a Fermi gas in thermal equilibrium, and is characterized by their number density, temperature, and the set of available energy states. The model is named after the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi.

This physical model is useful for certain systems with many fermions. Some key examples are the behaviour of charge carriers in a metal, nucleons in an atomic nucleus, neutrons in a neutron star, and electrons in a white dwarf.

Bose gas
An ideal Bose gas is a quantum-mechanical phase of matter, analogous to a classical ideal gas. It is composed of bosons, which have an integer value of spin and abide by Bose–Einstein statistics. The statistical mechanics of bosons were developed by Satyendra Nath Bose for a photon gas and extended to massive particles by Albert Einstein, who realized that an ideal gas of bosons would form a condensate at a low enough temperature, unlike a classical ideal gas. This condensate is known as a Bose–Einstein condensate.
Melton (UK Parliament constituency)
Melton was a county constituency centred on the town of Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, when the former two-seat Northern Division of Leicestershire was replaced by two new single-seat county divisions: Melton and Loughborough. It was abolished for the 1983 general election, when it was succeeded by the Rutland and Melton constituency.

Rutland and Melton
Rutland and Melton was a county constituency spanning Leicestershire and Rutland, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 to 2024. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election. For its entire existence, the seat elected members of the Conservative Party.
French submarine La Vestale
La Vestale (Q176) was an Argonaute-class submarine commissioned into service in the French Navy in 1933. She saw service in World War II, first on the side of the Allies from September 1939 to June 1940, then in the forces of Vichy France until November 1942, when she became part of the Free French Naval Forces. She was stricken in 1946.

French sources sometimes refer to the submarine simply as Vestale, either instead of or interchangeably with La Vestale.

Argonaute-class submarine
The Argonaute class were a sub-class of the 600 Series submarines built for the French Navy prior to World War II. There were five vessels in the class, built to a Schneider-Laubeuf design. They were ordered in 1927 and completed by 1935.
Sony Vaio C1 series
The Vaio C1 PictureBook was a series of subnotebooks from Sony's Vaio lineup, branded 'PictureBook' for its webcam and video capture capabilities, a first for portable computers. PictureBooks were lightweight computers, weighing 1kg (2.2 lb). They featured 8.9" LCD displays, and were notable for being the first consumer laptop with a built-in webcam.

The original model, the PCG-C1, was first released on September 19, 1998, in Japan only, with an initial production run of 5,000 units.

Subsequent revisions were released through the early 2000's, with improved display resolution, CPU, RAM and hard drive.

The C1 PictureBook series was succeeded by several other subnotebooks and UMPCs, most notably the UX series, and perhaps a direct successor to the C1's form factor, the P series.

Sony Vaio P series
The Sony Vaio P series is a range of ultraportable subnotebook computers launched in January 2009.

It was marketed as a "lifestyle PC", although they share many characteristics with netbook computers.
Dold–Thom theorem
In algebraic topology, the Dold-Thom theorem states that the homotopy groups of the infinite symmetric product of a connected CW complex are the same as its reduced homology groups. The most common version of its proof consists of showing that the composition of the homotopy group functors with the infinite symmetric product defines a reduced homology theory. One of the main tools used in doing so are quasifibrations. The theorem has been generalised in various ways, for example by the Almgren isomorphism theorem.

There are several other theorems constituting relations between homotopy and homology, for example the Hurewicz theorem. Another approach is given by stable homotopy theory. Thanks to the Freudenthal suspension theorem, one can see that the latter actually defines a homology theory. Nevertheless, none of these allow one to directly reduce homology to homotopy. This advantage of the Dold-Thom theorem makes it particularly interesting for algebraic geometry.

Almgren's isomorphism theorem
Almgren isomorphism theorem is a result in geometric measure theory and algebraic topology about the topology of the space of flat cycles in a Riemannian manifold.

The theorem plays a fundamental role in the Almgren–Pitts min-max theory as it establishes existence of topologically non-trivial families of cycles, which were used by Frederick J. Almgren Jr., Jon T. Pitts and others to prove existence of (possibly singular) minimal submanifolds in every Riemannian manifold. In the special case of the space of null-homologous codimension 1 cycles with mod 2 coefficients on a closed Riemannian manifold Almgren isomorphism theorem implies that it is weakly homotopy equivalent to 
the infinite real projective space.
Breedon on the Hill
Breedon on the Hill is a village and civil parish about 5 miles (8 km) north of Ashby-de-la-Zouch in North West Leicestershire, England. The parish adjoins the Derbyshire county boundary and the village is only about 2 miles (3 km) south of the Derbyshire town of Melbourne. The 2001 Census recorded a parish population (including Isley and Wilson) of 958 people in 404 households. The parish includes the hamlets of Tonge 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village and Wilson 1.3 miles (2 km) north of the village on the county boundary. The population at the 2011 census (including Isley cum Langley and Langley Priory) was  1,029 in 450 households.

Wilson, Leicestershire
Wilson, is a hamlet just in the North West Leicestershire district of Leicestershire, England. Close to East Midlands Airport, Wilson retains many 'village-like' features. It has one pub, the Bulls Head. Wilson has no amenities, only a gym and swimming pool.
Its name is first recorded in the 12th century as Wiuelestunia and likely came from Anglo-Saxon Wifeles tūn = "Wifel's farmstead or village". In 1870-72 it had a population of 177.

Wilson railway station opened on 1 October 1869 on the Midland Railway extension  of the Melbourne Line from Melbourne to Worthington. It closed in June 1871.