hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papanasam, Tirunelveli
Papanasam also spelt as Pavanasam is a famous picnic spot in Tirunelveli district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.  It falls under the Ambasamudram Taluk.  It is situated 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Tirunelveli. The site features tourist attractions like Thamirabarani River, Agasthiyar Falls, Siva Temple, and Papanasam dam and hydroelectric power plant.

Ambasamudram
Ambasamudram is the principal town of the Ambasamudram taluk in Tirunelveli district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The entire taluk had a population of 392,226 as of 2001, with 42.5% classified as rural. The town of Ambasamudram had a population 35,645 as of 2011.

The Thirumulanathar temple is located in Ambasamudram, on Melapalayam street. Kasibanathaswami Temple is another ancient temple of Ambasamudram which has a history of more than 2000 years.

The historical names of this town are Ilangoykkudi and Raja Raja Sathurvedi Mangalam.
Kassala State
Kassala (Arabic: ولاية كسلا, called Ash Sharqiyah during 1991–1994) is one of the 18 wilayat (states) of Sudan. It has an area of 36,710 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 2,519,071 in 2018. Kassala is the capital of the state. Towns in the state of Kassala include Aroma, Hamashkoraib, Halfa el Jadida (New Halfa), Khashm el Girba and Telkuk.

In 2016, Kassala State suffered a severe bread shortage.

States of Sudan
Below is a list of the 18 states of the Sudan (Arabic names are in parentheses). Prior to 9 July 2011, the Republic of the Sudan was composed of 25 states. The ten southern states now form part of the independent country of South Sudan. Two additional states were created in 2012 within the Darfur region, and one in 2013 in Kordofan, bringing the total to 18.
New Commandment
The New Commandment is a term used in Christianity to describe Jesus's commandment to "love one another" which, according to the Bible, was given as part of the final instructions to his disciples after the Last Supper had ended, and after Judas Iscariot had departed in John 13:34.

Little children, yet a little while I am with you. Ye shall seek me: and as I said unto the Jews, Whither I go, ye cannot come; so now I say to you. 34 A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another. 35 By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another. —John 13:33–35 (KJV; emphasis added)

This commandment appears thirteen times in twelve verses in the New Testament. Theologically, this commandment is interpreted as dual to the Love of Christ for his followers. The commandment can also be seen as the last wish in the Farewell Discourse to the disciples.

Disciple (Christianity)
In Christianity, a disciple is a dedicated follower of Jesus. This term is found in the New Testament only in the Gospels and Acts. Originating in the ancient Near East, the concept of a disciple is an adherent of a teacher. Discipleship is not the same as being a student in the modern sense; a disciple in the ancient biblical world actively imitated both the life and teaching of the master. It was a deliberate apprenticeship which made the fully formed disciple a living copy of the master.

The New Testament records many followers of Jesus during his ministry. Some disciples were given a mission, such as the Little Commission, the commission of the seventy in Luke's Gospel, the Great Commission after the resurrection of Jesus, or the conversion of Paul, making them apostles, charged with proclaiming the gospel (the Good News) to the world. Jesus emphasised that being his disciples would be costly.
2015–16 NWHL season
The 2015–16 NWHL season was the first season of operation of the National Women's Hockey League. Four teams competed for the inaugural Isobel Cup: the Boston Pride, Buffalo Beauts, New York Riveters, and Connecticut Whale.

Metropolitan Riveters
The Metropolitan Riveters (originally the New York Riveters) were a professional ice hockey team based in East Rutherford, New Jersey, with home games at the American Dream Meadowlands ice rink.

They were one of the four charter franchises of the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL), later known as the Premier Hockey Federation (PHF).  Its team name and logo were based upon Rosie the Riveter, the subject of the World War II-era motivational poster "We Can Do It!". The Riveters played one season in Brooklyn before moving to the New Jersey Devils practice rink in Newark, New Jersey, in 2016. The team then formed a promotional affiliation with the Devils and were renamed the Metropolitan Riveters; the partnership ended in 2019. The team folded in 2023, when the PHF's assets were purchased and the league dissolved.
Barnstaple railway station
Barnstaple railway station is the northern terminus of the Tarka Line and serves the town of Barnstaple, Devon. It is 39 miles 75 chains (64.3 km) from Exeter Central and 211.25 miles (339.97 km) from London Waterloo. It is managed by Great Western Railway, which also operates the passenger service.

It opened in 1854 but, from 1874 until 1970, it was known as Barnstaple Junction railway station, as it was the junction between lines to Ilfracombe, Bideford, Taunton and Exeter.

Taunton railway station
Taunton railway station serves the county town of Taunton, in Somerset, England. It is a stop on the Bristol to Exeter line, the Reading to Taunton line and the Cross Country Route. The station lies 163 miles 12 chains (263 km) west of London Paddington, via Box, although most London-bound services take the shorter route via Newbury. It is managed by Great Western Railway, which also operates services along with CrossCountry. The West Somerset Railway operates here on special event days and provides main line steam excursions.
Denver Gold
The Denver Gold was an American football franchise in the United States Football League (USFL) from 1983 to 1985. The Gold played their home games at Mile High Stadium in Denver, Colorado; and were co-tenants in the spring with the Triple-A Denver Zephyrs baseball team (Denver Bears prior to 1984).

Jacksonville Bulls
The Jacksonville Bulls were a professional American football team based in Jacksonville, Florida. They were members of the United States Football League (USFL) during its final two seasons, 1984 and 1985. They played their home games in the Gator Bowl in Jacksonville.

Former Miami Dolphins stars Larry Csonka and Jim Kiick were involved in an advertising campaign for the team, and they apparently had a minor ownership interest as well. Larry Munson was hired as radio play-by-play announcer. His distinctive voice was already well known in the Jacksonville area due to his long association with both the University of Georgia Bulldogs and the National Football League's Atlanta Falcons.
John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings
John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (6 May 1262 – February 1313), was an English landowner, soldier and administrator who was one of the Competitors for the Crown of Scotland in 1290 and signed and sealed the Barons' Letter of 1301.

Greyfriars, Coventry
Greyfriars was a medieval Franciscan priory in Coventry, England. The original monastic buildings were lost in the English Reformation; the spire standing on the site today was most recently part of a 19th-century church that was destroyed in an air raid in the Second World War. The spire, also called Christchurch Steeple, is a Grade II* listed building.
Night Riviera
The Night Riviera (Cornish: Koskador Ruvyer an Nos) is a sleeper train operated by Great Western Railway (GWR). It is one of only two sleeper services on the railway in the United Kingdom (the other being the 
Caledonian Sleeper services between London and Scotland). The Night Riviera runs six nights a week (Sunday–Friday) between London Paddington and Penzance with one train in each direction.

British Rail Mark 3
The British Rail Mark 3 is a type of passenger carriage developed in response to growing competition from airlines and the car in the 1970s. A variant of the Mark 3 became the rolling stock for the High Speed Train (HST).

Originally conceived as locomotive-hauled coaching stock, the first coaches built were for the prototype HST in 1972. Production coaches entered service between 1975 and 1988, and multiple-unit designs based on the Mark 3 bodyshell continued to be built until the early 1990s. Most of the surviving fleet of the Mark 3 and its derivatives were still in revenue service on the British railway network in 2020, however, as of 7 April 2021, 300 carriages have been sent for scrap.
Montérolier-Buchy–Saint-Saëns railway
The Montérolier-Buchy–Saint-Saëns railway is a standard gauge branch line that operated between 1900 and 1953 in the département of Seine-Maritime, France. The line ran 10.2 kilometres (6.3 mi) in a roughly north-northwesterly direction, beginning in Montérolier-Buchy station (which is located in the commune of Montérolier and is a part of the Amiens–Rouen railway) and terminating in the small town of Saint-Saëns. The line passed through the town of Saint-Martin-Osmonville and over the Pont-du-Thil. It was administered on behalf of the département by the Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord. The line is a cul-de-sac.

Amiens–Rouen railway
The railway from Amiens to Rouen is a French 114-kilometre long railway line, that connects Amiens to Rouen. It was opened in 1867. The line was electrified on 27 August 1984 at 25 kW 50 Hz, and was equipped with the restrained permissivity automatic blocking system, which since the 1990s has offered increasingly unsatisfactory operating conditions with respect to the increasing mixed passenger and goods traffic on the line.
Wrightstown (town), Wisconsin
Wrightstown is a town in Brown County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 2,221 at the 2010 census. The Village of Wrightstown is mostly surrounded by the town, but is separate from it. The village of Greenleaf is located in the town. The unincorporated community of Sniderville is also located partially with the town.

Brown County, Wisconsin
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 268,740, making it the fourth-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Green Bay. Brown County is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area.
PMPCB
Mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PMPCB gene. This gene is a member of the peptidase M16 family and encodes a protein with a zinc-binding motif. This protein is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the cleavage of the leader peptides of precursor proteins newly imported into the mitochondria, though it only functions as part of a heterodimeric complex.

PMPCA
Mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PMPCA gene. This gene PMPCA encoded a protein that is a member of the peptidase M16 family. This protein is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the cleavage of the leader peptides of precursor proteins newly imported into the mitochondria, though it only functions as part of a heterodimeric complex.
Esher (UK Parliament constituency)
Esher was a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.  In the general elections during its 47-year lifetime it was won by three Conservatives successively.  In area it shrank in 1974, then regrew in 1983 taking in four sparsely inhabited wards which proved to be temporary, as omitted from the successor seat, Esher and Walton.

Chertsey and Walton
Chertsey and Walton was a late 20th century parliamentary constituency in Surrey which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system.
Bouna Department
Bouna Department is a department of Bounkani Region in Zanzan District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 178,081 and its seat is the settlement of Bouna. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bouko, Bouna, Ondéfidouo, and Youndouo.

Bouna, Ivory Coast
Bouna (also spelled Buna) is a town in north-eastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Bouna Department. It is also the seat of Bounkani Region in Zanzan District and a commune.

Near Bouna is the Comoé National Park and the Ghanaian border. The main town of the Lobi people, Bouna is known for the vernacular architecture of the fortress-style adobe compounds in surrounding villages. The town is served by its own dirt-runway airport. This bush landing strip mainly serves the United Nations. In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Bouna was 94,883.
Lipocalin
The lipocalins are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, bilins, retinoids, and lipids, and most lipocalins are also able to bind to complexed iron (via siderophores or flavonoids) as well as heme. They  share limited regions of sequence homology and a common tertiary structure architecture. This is an eight stranded antiparallel beta barrel with a repeated + 1 topology enclosing an internal ligand binding site.

These proteins are found in gram negative bacteria, vertebrate cells, and invertebrate cells, and in plants. Lipocalins have been associated with many biological processes, among them immune response, pheromone transport, biological prostaglandin synthesis, retinoid binding, and cancer cell interactions.

Alpha-1-microglobulin
Alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M, α1-microglobulin, sometimes also called Protein HC) is a microglobulin, a small globular protein. It is found in all vertebrates, including humans, and is distributed in blood plasma and extravascular tissues of all organs. It is synthesized in most cells of the body, but mainly in the liver from a gene that codes for the alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor.
Vezirli, Yüksekova
Vezirli (Kurdish: Vezîrawa, Syriac: Wāzirāwā) is a neighbourhood of Yüksekova in Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. It had a population of 1,225 in 2023.

Vezirli was a village until 2023.

Yüksekova
Yüksekova (Kurdish: Gever; Syriac: ܓܵܘܵܪ, romanized: Gāwār) is a municipality (belde) in the Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey and is the largest city in the province. The city is populated by Kurds of diverse tribal backgrounds, as well as non-tribal Kurds and is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan. The city also had a sizeable Assyrian Christian population, whose numbers declined due to the Ottoman Empire's genocide of Assyrian Christians. Yüksekova had a population of 84,800 in 2023.
Sonchon County
Sŏnch'ŏn County is a kun, or county, on the coast of the Yellow Sea in west-central North P'yŏngan province, North Korea.  To the north it borders Ch'ŏnma, to the east Kusŏng and Kwaksan, and to the west Tongrim; to the south, it borders nothing but the sea. Sŏnch'ŏn was reorganized in 1952, with two myŏn, or townships, being split off to form the new county of Tongrim.

Tongrim County
Tongrim County is a kun, or county, in coastal southwestern North P'yŏngan province, North Korea. It borders P'ihyŏn and Ch'ŏnma to the north, Sŏnch'ŏn to the east, Ch'ŏlsan to the southwest and Yŏmju to the west. To the south, it looks out on the Yellow Sea.
Cape Saunders
Kaimata, or
Cape Saunders, is the prominent headland on the Pacific Ocean coast of Muaupoko, the Otago Peninsula, in the far south-east of New Zealand's South Island. It is home to the Cape Saunders Lighthouse.

Captain James Cook sighted the landmark on 25 February 1770, and named it in honour of Admiral Sir Charles Saunders, under whom Cook had served in Canada in 1759.

Otago Peninsula
The Otago Peninsula (Māori: Muaūpoko) is a long, hilly indented finger of land that forms the easternmost part of Dunedin, New Zealand. Volcanic in origin, it forms one wall of the eroded valley that now forms Otago Harbour. The peninsula lies southeast of Otago Harbour and runs parallel to the mainland for 20 km, with a maximum width of 9 km. It is joined to the mainland at the south-west end by a narrow isthmus about 1.5 km wide.

The suburbs of Dunedin encroach onto the western end of the peninsula, and seven townships and communities lie along the harbourside shore. The majority of the land is sparsely populated and occupied by steep open pasture. The peninsula is home to many species of wildlife, notably seabirds, pinnipeds, and penguins; several ecotourism businesses operate in the area.
Calw
Calw (German pronunciation: [ˈkalf] ⓘ; previously pronounced [ˈkalp] and sometimes spelled Kalb accordingly; Swabian: Calb) is a town in the middle of Baden-Württemberg in the south of Germany, capital and largest town of the district Calw. It is located in the Northern Black Forest and is approximately 18 km (11 mi) south of Pforzheim and 33 km (21 mi) west of Stuttgart. It has the status of a große Kreisstadt.

Nagold (river)
The Nagold (German pronunciation: [ˈnaːɡɔlt] ⓘ) is a river in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. A tributary of the Enz, it gave its name to the town of Nagold. It merges with the smaller Enz in the town centre of Pforzheim.
Soviet Naval Aviation
The Soviet Naval Aviation (Russian: Морская авиация Военно-морского флота СССР, romanized: Morskaya aviatsiya Voenno-morskogo flota SSSR, lit. 'Naval Aviation of the Soviet Navy'; abbr. МА ВМФ СССР, MA VMF SSSR) was the naval aviation arm of the Soviet Navy.

Beriev Be-12
The Beriev Be-12 Chayka (Russian: Бериева Бе-12 Чайка, romanized: Chayka, lit. 'gull', NATO reporting name: Mail) is a Soviet turboprop-powered amphibious aircraft designed in the 1950s for anti-submarine and maritime patrol duties.
Leezen
Leezen (German pronunciation: [ˈleːtsn̩] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 40 km northeast of Hamburg, and 9 km southwest of Bad Segeberg.

Leezen is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Leezen.

Leezen (Amt)
Leezen is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Leezen.

The Amt Leezen consists of the following municipalities:

Bark

Bebensee

Fredesdorf

Groß Niendorf

Högersdorf

Kükels

Leezen

Mözen

Neversdorf

Schwissel

Todesfelde

Wittenborn

53°52′01″N 10°15′00″E﻿ / ﻿53.867°N 10.250°E﻿ / 53.867; 10.250
Phalaris paradoxa
Phalaris paradoxa is a species of grass in genus Phalaris. Common names include awned canary-grass and hood canarygrass.

The spikelets are very different from those of other members of this genus.  The spikelet glumes each have a hook.

It is native to Africa, Asia, and Europe, and it has been introduced widely. Its distribution within the United States includes Arizona, California, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington.

Phalaris (plant)
Phalaris is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family. Species of Phalaris are distributed across all continents except Antarctica. They can be found in a broad range of habitats from below sea level to thousands of feet above sea level and from wet marshy areas to dry places. P. arundinacea and P. aquatica are sometimes invasive species in wetlands.
Pittsburg, Alabama
Pittsburg is a community in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States. It has a latitude of 34.52528 and a longitude of -87.20583.  Its elevation is 670 feet (200 m).c The community was named after the industrial heritage of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Lawrence County, Alabama
Lawrence County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,073. The county seat is Moulton. The county was named after James Lawrence, a captain in the United States Navy from New Jersey.

Lawrence County is included in the Decatur, Alabama Metropolitan Area, which is also included in the Huntsville–Decatur-Albertville combined statistical area.
Pärsti Parish
Pärsti Parish (Estonian: Pärsti vald) was a rural municipality of Estonia, in Viljandi County.

After the municipal elections held on 20 October 2013, Pärsti Parish was merged with Paistu, Saarepeedi and Viiratsi parishes to form a new Viljandi Parish around the town of Viljandi.

On 1 January 2009, it had a population of 3,824 and an area of 210.62 km2.

Viiratsi Parish
Viiratsi Parish (Estonian: Viiratsi vald) was a rural municipality of Estonia, in Viljandi County.

After the municipal elections held on 20 October 2013, Viiratsi Parish was merged with Paistu, Pärsti and Saarepeedi parishes to form a new Viljandi Parish around the town of Viljandi.

On 1 January 2009, it had a population of 3,743 and an area of 215.02 km2.
HMS Ameer (D01)
HMS Ameer (D01) was an American escort carrier, USS Baffins (CVE-35), that was transferred to the Royal Navy in mid-1943. As a Ruler-class escort carrier it served in the Far East until the end of the war. Ameer was returned to the US Navy in 1946 and sold off to commercial service.

Ruler-class escort carrier
The Ruler class of escort aircraft carriers served with the Royal Navy during the Second World War. All twenty-three ships were built by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation in the United States as Bogue-class escort carriers, supplied under Lend-Lease to the United Kingdom. They were the most numerous single class of aircraft carriers in service with the Royal Navy.

As built they were intended for three types of operations, "Assault" or strike, convoy escort, or aircraft ferry.

After the Second World War some of the escort carriers were scrapped, while others had their flight decks removed and were converted to merchant ships (and all eventually scrapped by the 1970s).
Directed acyclic graph
In mathematics, particularly graph theory, and computer science, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a directed graph with no directed cycles. That is, it consists of vertices and edges (also called arcs), with each edge directed from one vertex to another, such that following those directions will never form a closed loop. A directed graph is a DAG if and only if it can be topologically ordered, by arranging the vertices as a linear ordering that is consistent with all edge directions. DAGs have numerous scientific and computational applications, ranging from biology (evolution, family trees, epidemiology) to information science (citation networks) to computation (scheduling).

Directed acyclic graphs are also called acyclic directed graphs or acyclic digraphs.

Strongly connected component
In the mathematical theory of directed graphs, a graph is said to be strongly connected if every vertex is reachable from every other vertex. The strongly connected components of a directed graph form a partition into subgraphs that are strongly connected themselves. It is possible to test the strong connectivity of a graph, or to find its strongly connected components, in linear time (that is, Θ(V + E)).
Mori-Miyanohara Station
Mori-Miyanohara Station (森宮野原駅, Mori-Miyanohara-eki) is a railway station on the Iiyama Line, East Japan Railway Company (JR East), in Hokushin in the village of Sakae, Shimominochi District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

Sakae, Nagano
Sakae (栄村, Sakae-mura) is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019, the village had an estimated population of 1,828 in 817 households, and a population density of 6.7 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 271.66 square kilometres (104.89 sq mi).