hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wakarusa War
The Wakarusa War was an armed standoff that took place in the Kansas Territory during November and December 1855. It is often cited by historians as the first instance of violence during the "Bleeding Kansas" conflict between anti-slavery and pro-slavery factions in the region.

The incident took place in Douglas County, centered on the Wakarusa River Valley and the town of Lawrence, where the opposing militias confronted each other for the first time. At the behest of Territorial Governor Wilson Shannon, the two sides eventually agreed to a truce, but it was short-lived, and widespread violence resumed the following spring.

Douglas County, Kansas
Douglas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Lawrence.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 118,785, making it the fifth-most populous county in Kansas.  The county was named after Stephen Douglas, a U.S. Senator from Illinois and advocate for the popular sovereignty choice in the Kansas slavery debate.

Douglas County comprises the Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.
Kyle Kuric
Kyle Matthew Kuric (born August 25, 1989) is an American-Slovak professional basketball player for MoraBanc Andorra of the Liga ACB. Kuric grew up in Evansville, Indiana, and graduated from Memorial High School in 2008.  Kuric is most noted for leading the Louisville Cardinals to a win in the last game Louisville played at Freedom Hall, and being named winner of the "2011 Papa John's Dunk of the Year".

CB Gran Canaria
Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria – Claret, S.A.D.,  known as Dreamland Gran Canaria due to sponsorship, is a professional basketball club based in Las Palmas, Spain. The team plays in the Spanish Liga ACB and the Champions League. Their home venue is the Gran Canaria Arena.
Tom Wopat
Thomas Steven Wopat (born September 9, 1951) is an American actor and singer. He first achieved fame as Lucas K. "Luke" Duke on the long-running television action/comedy series The Dukes of Hazzard. Since then, Wopat has worked regularly, most often on the stage in musicals and in supporting television and movie roles. He was a semi-regular recurring character on the 1990s comedy series Cybill, and he had a small role as U.S. Marshal Gil Tatum in Django Unchained (2012). Wopat also has a recurring role as Sheriff Jim Wilkins on the television series Longmire. Additionally, Wopat has recorded several albums of country songs and pop standards, scoring a series of moderately successful singles in the 1980s and 1990s.

Luke Duke
Lucas K. "Luke" Duke is a fictional character in The Dukes of Hazzard, and the main protagonist in the show, an American comedy television series which ran from 1979 to 1985. Played by Tom Wopat in the original TV series, Luke is the main protagonist of the show. He is the dark-haired, older cousin to the character Bo Duke. He is often the one who comes up with plans to get the Duke family out of trouble. He performs more of the physical stunts (such as climbing from one moving car to another), while his cousin Bo does most of the driving. Both Duke boys are known for their signature "hood slide" across the General Lee, their 1969 Dodge Charger. (Luke was the first to perform this stunt on the show) Luke acted hypocritically on occasion, most prominently in season 1 episode 6 "Swamp Molly".

Luke Duke was later played by Johnny Knoxville in the poorly-received cinematic version. Actor Randy Wayne played Luke in the prequel television film, The Dukes of Hazzard: The Beginning.
Chandos Chair of Medicine and Anatomy
The Chandos Chair of Medicine and Anatomy is a Chair in Medicine and Anatomy of the University of St Andrews, Scotland. It was established in 1721, by a bequest of £1000 from James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos – then the Chancellor of the university.  His original aim was to establish a Chair of Eloquence, although this was rejected by the university in favour of a chair in Medicine and Anatomy.  Holders of the Chandos Chair are known as Chandos Professors.  The Chandos Chair still exists today, although in 1875 it became a chair in physiology.

Thomas Simson 1722–1764

James Simson 1764–1770

James Flint 1770–1811

Robert Briggs 1811–1840

John Reid 1841–1849

George Edward Day 1849–1863

James Bell Pettigrew 1875–1905

Percy Theodore Herring 1908–1948 – first described Herring bodies

Anthony Elliot Ritchie 1948–1969

Joseph Fairweather Lamb 1969–1993

Ian Johnston 1997–present

James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos
James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, PC, DL, FRS (6 January 1673 – 9 August 1744) was a British landowner and politician who represented Hereford in the English and British House of Commons from 1698 until 1714, when he succeeded to his father's peerage as Baron Chandos and started sitting in the House of Lords. He was subsequently created Earl of Carnarvon, and then Duke of Chandos in 1719.
Red Velvet (play)
Red Velvet is a 2012 play by Lolita Chakrabarti, dealing with the biography of the 19th century actor Ira Aldridge and his taking of the role of Othello as the first Black man to play this part on the British stage. The play premiered at the Tricycle Theatre, London (directed by its new artistic director Indhu Rubasingham) from 11 October to 24 November 2012, with Aldridge played by Adrian Lester. Lester revived his role when the Tricycle Theatre Production collaborated with Kenneth Branagh Company’s season at the West End's Garrick theatre in 2016.   It has since been produced by several theatres in the United States and Canada.

Adrian Lester
Adrian Anthony Lester CBE (born Anthony Harvey on 14 August 1968) is a British actor. He is the recipient of a Laurence Olivier Award, an Evening Standard Theatre Award and a Critics' Circle Theatre Award for his work on the London stage, and has also been nominated for a Tony Award.
Shephelah
The Shephelah (Biblical Hebrew: הַשְּפֵלָה, romanized: hašŠəp̄ēlā, lit. 'the Lowlands') or Shfela (Modern Hebrew: הַשְּׁפֵלָה, romanized: haŠfelá), or the Judaean Foothills (Modern Hebrew: שְׁפֵלַת יְהוּדָה, romanized: Šfelát Yəhūdá), is a transitional region of soft-sloping rolling hills in south-central Israel stretching over 10–15 km (6.2–9.3 mi) between the Judaean Mountains and the Coastal Plain. The different use of the term "Judean Plain", as either defining just the Coastal Plain segment stretching along the Judaean Mountains, or also including, or only referring to, the Shfela, often creates grave confusion.

Today the Shfela is largely rural with many farms, but the cities of Ashdod, Ashkelon, Rehovot, Beit Shemesh, and Kiryat Gat roughly surround it.

The Bible assigned land in the Shfela to the tribes of Judah and Dan.

Tribe of Dan
The Tribe of Dan (Hebrew: דָּן, "Judge") was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, according to the Torah. According to the Hebrew Bible, the tribe initially settled in the hill lands bordering Ephraim and Benjamin on the east and Judah and the Philistines on the south but migrated north due to pressure of their enemies, settling at Laish (later known as Dan), near Mount Hermon.

Biblical judge Samson was a hero of the Dan tribe.
Shantideva
Shantideva (Sanskrit: Śāntideva; Chinese: 寂天; Tibetan: ཞི་བ་ལྷ།, THL: Zhiwa Lha; Mongolian: Шантидэва гэгээн; Vietnamese: Tịch Thiên) was an 8th-century CE Indian philosopher, Buddhist monk, poet, and scholar at the mahavihara of Nalanda. He was an adherent of the Mādhyamaka philosophy of Nāgārjuna. Abhayadatta Sri also lists Shantideva as one of the eighty-four mahasiddhas and is known as Bhusuku Pa (布苏固巴).

Two works of Shantideva are extant, the Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra and the Śikṣāsamuccaya, both of which were written with the intention of being training manuals for one who intends to follow the path of the bodhisattva. The Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra in particular was the subject of both Indian and Tibetan commentaries during the period it was written and has also received large amounts of attention from both academics and lay practitioners in recent years as well including a commentary written by the 14th Dalai Lama.

Kelsang Gyatso
Geshe Kelsang Gyatso (Tibetan: བསྐལ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ།, Wylie: bskal bzang rgya mtsho; 4 June 1931 – 17 September 2022) was a Buddhist monk, meditation teacher, scholar, and author. He was the founder and spiritual director of the New Kadampa Tradition, a registered non-profit, modern Buddhist organization and new religious movement that emerged from the Gelugpa school. It currently lists more than 1,300 affiliated centres in over 25 countries.
Massacre in Rome
Massacre in Rome (Italian: Rappresaglia) is a 1973 Italian war drama film directed by George Pan Cosmatos about the Ardeatine massacre which occurred at the Ardeatine caves in Rome, 24 March 1944, committed by the Germans as a reprisal for a partisan attack against the SS Police Regiment Bozen. The film was based on the 1967 book Death in Rome by Robert Katz. An Italian court gave producer Carlo Ponti and director Cosmatos a six-month suspended sentence for their film which claimed Pope Pius XII knew of and did nothing about the execution of Italian hostages by the Germans. The charges eventually were dropped on appeal. The names of the victims are shown in the closing credits, as opposed to the cast credits and crew members.

Herbert Kappler
Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 – 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. He served as the commander of German security police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre. Following the end of the war, Kappler stood trial in Italy and was sentenced to life imprisonment. He escaped from a prison hospital with the help of his wife shortly before his death in West Germany in 1978.
Jamal Anwar
Jamal Anwar (born 31 December 1990) is a Pakistani First-class cricketer. He is a wicketkeeper-batsman who bats right-handed. He has represented Rawalpindi Rams, Federal Areas & Habib Bank in domestic cricket. He has played  for Pakistan Under-19 and Pakistan Under-25.

In January 2021, Anwar was named in Northern's squad for the 2020–21 Pakistan Cup.

Rawalpindi Rams
The Rawalpindi Rams (Urdu: راولپنڈی ریمز) was a domestic Twenty20 and List A cricket team, based in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. The team was established in 2004–2005 and operated until its dissolution in 2016. Its home ground was the Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium.
Ernest de Sarzec
Ernest Choquin de Sarzec (1832–1901) was a French archaeologist, to whom is attributed the discovery of the civilization of ancient Sumer. He was in the French diplomatic service; on being transferred to Basra in 1872 as a vice-consul, he became interested in the excavations at Ur, started by the British diplomat J. E. Taylor.

In 1877, he began a dig at Telloh (the ancient Girsu, as it transpired, rather than Lagash as once supposed). The site, in present-day Iraq in the southern delta lowlands, had been drawn to his attention by local dealers in antiquities. During the 1880s he succeeded in finding evidence of the reign of Gudea. He continued to work on the site until 1901.

Girsu
Girsu (Sumerian Ĝirsu; cuneiform ĝir2-suki 𒄈𒋢𒆠) was a city of ancient Sumer, situated some 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Lagash, at the site of what is now Tell Telloh in Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq. As the religious center of the kingdom of Lagash, it contained significant temples to the god Ningirsu (E-ninnu) and his wife Bau and hosted multi-day festivals in their honor.
St. James's (novel)
St. James's (also written as Saint James's) is a historical novel by William Harrison Ainsworth serially published in 1844. It describes the events surrounding the end of Queen Anne's reign and the dispute between the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough with two Tories for influence over the queen.

William Harrison Ainsworth
William Harrison Ainsworth (4 February 1805 – 3 January 1882) was an English historical novelist born at King Street in Manchester. He trained as a lawyer, but the legal profession held no attraction for him. While completing his legal studies in London he met the publisher John Ebers, at that time manager of the King's Theatre, Haymarket. Ebers introduced Ainsworth to literary and dramatic circles, and to his daughter, who became Ainsworth's wife.

Ainsworth briefly tried the publishing business, but soon gave it up and devoted himself to journalism and literature. His first success as a writer came with Rookwood in 1834, which features Dick Turpin as its leading character. A stream of 39 novels followed, the last of which appeared in 1881. Ainsworth died in Reigate on 3 January 1882, and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.
Exchange Place, Jersey City
40°42′58″N 74°01′59″W﻿ / ﻿40.71611°N 74.03306°W﻿ / 40.71611; -74.03306

Exchange Place is a district of  Downtown Jersey City, New Jersey that is sometimes referred to as Wall Street West due to the concentration of financial companies that have offices there. The namesake is a square, about 200 feet long, at the foot of Montgomery Street at the waterfront of the Hudson River. This square was created by landfilling the shore at Paulus Hook, and has been a major transportation hub since the colonial era.

Wall Street West
Wall Street West is a name used by real estate developers, city officials, and news media in the United States to call particular streets or places west of Manhattan, New York City that have a high concentration of Wall Street financial companies or a major exchange. The most notable for that is along the Hudson River waterfront of Jersey City, New Jersey. By the early 2020s, economic development in Jersey City has led to median rent being among the highest of any city in the United States.
Cyclooctatetraene
1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene (COT) is an unsaturated derivative of cyclooctane. It is a colorless flammable liquid at room temperature. COT is an antiaromatic compound as it possesses 8 π electrons. In contrast to the aromaticity commonly seen in benzene rings; antiaromaticity destabilises the COT molecule. This destabilisation effect is so strong that COT avoids it by adopting a non-planar 'tub' conformation, which prevents all of the π orbitals from forming a single conjugated system. As a result, COT possesses significant polyene character and will undergo many reactions that benzene rings will not. This been the subject of much research and historically some controversy.

Barrelene
Barrelene is a bicyclic organic compound with chemical formula C8H8 and systematic name bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5,7-triene. First synthesized and described by Howard Zimmerman in 1960, the name derives from the resemblance to a barrel, with the staves being three ethylene units attached to two methine groups. It is the formal Diels–Alder adduct of benzene and acetylene. Due to its unusual molecular geometry, the compound is of considerable interest to theoretical chemists.

Iptycenes, with the alkene groups part of an arenes, are related compounds. It is also a starting material for many other organic compounds, such as semibullvalene.
They Were So Young
They Were So Young (German: Mannequins für Rio) is a 1954 German-American drama film directed by Kurt Neumann and written by Felix Lützkendorf, Kurt Neumann and the blacklisted screenwriters Dalton Trumbo and Michael Wilson (both uncredited). The film stars Scott Brady, Raymond Burr and Johanna Matz and was released on January 7, 1955 by Lippert Pictures. It was shot at the  Bendestorf Studios near Hamburg with sequences shot in Lazio. The film's sets were designed by the art director Hans Sohnle. Caterina Valente makes her film debut as a singer.

Michael Wilson (writer)
Michael Wilson (July 1, 1914 – April 9, 1978) was an American screenwriter known for his work on Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Planet of the Apes (1968), Friendly Persuasion (1956), A Place in the Sun (1951), and The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957). The latter two screenplays won him Academy Awards. His career was interrupted by the Hollywood blacklist, during which time he wrote numerous uncredited screenplays.
Gaba Kawa
Gaba Kawa (ガバ·カワ) is a Japanese manga by Rie Takada, originally serialized in Japan from July to November 2007 by Shogakukan in Shōjo Comic and collected in a single bound volume. It tells the story of a demon girl named Rara who comes to the human world to cause mischief, only to find herself falling in love with a human boy.  To help him, she uses her demon powers, but doing so causes her to immediately lose them.

It has been licensed for an English language release in North America by Viz Media. It first premiered in Viz's monthly manga anthology Shojo Beat in the April 2008 issue. The single volume was released on 2 December 2008, after it completed its run in the magazine.

Rie Takada
Rie Takada (高田 りえ, Takada Rie) (born August 10) is a Japanese manga artist. She debuted in 1990 in the 17th issue of the manga anthology magazine Sho-Comi with the series SP girl. She still writes primarily for Sho-Comi, with her serialized works also published in collected volumes by Shogakukan, the company that publishes Sho-Comi.
Prodasineura
Prodasineura, the Asian threadtails, is a genus of damselflies in the family Platycnemididae. All the Afrotropical species formerly in this genus are now placed in Elattoneura, the African threadtails. Dijkstra  et al. (2014) moved the genus (and related Elattoneura) from Protoneuridae to Platycnemididae based on molecular phylogenetic research.

Protoneuridae
Protoneuridae was formerly considered a family of damselflies. Recent taxonomic revisions have classified the species previously placed in Protoneuridae into two existing families - Coenagrionidae and Platycnemididae, both in the superfamily Coenagrionoidea.

Along with Pseudostigmatidae, New World Protoneuridae are now sunk in Coenagrionidae and Old World Protoneuridae in Platycnemididae.
Guñelve
The Guñelve (Mapudungun: Wünelfe / Wüṉyelfe, lit. 'bringer of dawn'), sometimes known as the Star of Arauco, is a symbol from Mapuche iconography which can be described as an octagram (or a star with eight points) in saltire.

It represents the planet Venus, but has also erroneously been thought to represent the canelo tree, which is considered sacred among the Mapuches.

The guñelve was the inspiration of Bernardo O'Higgins to create the current flag of Chile.

Flag possibly used by Mapuche troops in the 18th century, used by some Mapuche groups today

Reproduction of the original design of the flag used in the proclamation of independence

Reproduction of the original flag design, without the coat of arms, used as the government flag from 1826 to 1910

Current design of the Chilean flag

In recent times the guñelve has been used by some designers in Chile, such as during the 2015 Copa América in Chile, when it was used as the symbol of the cup.

Octagram
In geometry, an octagram is an eight-angled star polygon.

The name octagram combine a Greek numeral prefix, octa-, with the  Greek suffix -gram. The -gram suffix derives from γραμμή (grammḗ) meaning "line".
Giant roundleaf bat
The giant roundleaf bat (Macronycteris gigas) is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in western tropical Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and caves. The species was formerly considered part of M. commersoni, which is now viewed as being restricted to Madagascar. Both commersoni and it were formerly placed in the genus Hipposideros, but moved to the resurrected Macronycteris in 2017 on the basis of molecular evidence. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Hipposideridae
The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own family. Nevertheless, it is most closely related to Rhinolophidae within the suborder Yinpterochiroptera.
The Cancer Journal
The Cancer Journal: The Journal of Principles & Practice of Oncology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering oncology. It was established in 1995 as The Cancer Journal from Scientific American by Scientific American, but is now published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins under the new name since 2000. The editors-in-chief are Vincent T. DeVita (Yale Cancer Center), Theodore S. Lawrence (University of Michigan), and Steven Rosenberg (National Cancer Institute). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 2.2, ranking it 199th out of 241 journals in the category "Oncology".

Vincent T. DeVita
Vincent Theodore DeVita Jr.  (born March 7, 1935) is the Amy and Joseph Perella Professor of Medicine at Yale Cancer Center, and a Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health. He directed the Yale Cancer Center from 1993 to 2003.  He has been president of the board of directors of the American Cancer Society (2012-2013). He is internationally recognized as a pioneer in the field of oncology for his work on combination-chemotherapy treatments.
AVIC AC332
The AVIC AC332 is a Chinese civil helicopter that is under development by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). The AC 332's chief designer at AVIC is Li Shengwei. The aircraft is intended to be type certified for production.

The design prototype had its first flight on 7 April 2023.

The AC332 designation was previously applied to an unrelated project for a scaled down version of the Russian Mil Mi-26 that was to have first flown in 2032.

Aviation Industry Corporation of China
The Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) is a Chinese state-owned, publicly-traded aerospace and defense conglomerate headquartered in Beijing. AVIC is overseen by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. It is ranked 140th in the Fortune Global 500 list as of 2021, and has over 100 subsidiaries, 27 listed companies and 500,000 employees across the globe. AVIC is also the sixth largest defense contractor globally as of 2022 and second largest Chinese defense contractor with total revenue of $79 billion (from both defense and non-defense services).
Turin Metropolitan Railway Service
The Turin Metropolitan Railway Service (Italian: Servizio Ferroviario Metropolitano), simply known as SFM, is a commuter rail system serving the metropolitan area of Turin, Italy. The system comprises 6 lines operated by Trenitalia, serving 93 stations.

The core of the system is the passante ferroviario, a tunnel running 8 km through the city from north to south at a maximum depth of 18 meters. The tunnel allows passengers to travel from Torino Stura station to Torino Lingotto station in 15 minutes.

Torino Stura railway station
Torino Stura railway station (Italian: Stazione di Torino Stura) serves the town and comune of Turin, in the Piedmont region, northwestern Italy. It is located on the Corso Romania.

Since 2012 it serves lines SFM1, SFM2 and SFM4, part of the Turin metropolitan railway service.
Nienstädt
Nienstädt (German pronunciation: [ˈniːnʃtɛt]) is a municipality in the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 4 km southwest of Stadthagen, and 17 km east of Minden.

Nienstädt is part of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Nienstädt.

Nienstädt (Samtgemeinde)
Nienstädt is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Helpsen.

The Samtgemeinde Nienstädt was formed in 1974, bringing together the following communities:

Helpsen

Hespe

Nienstädt

Seggebruch

As of September 2024, the mayor of the Nienstädt collective municipality is Stefan Kolb.