hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Goetz
James J. Goetz (born 1965/1966) is an American venture capitalist and businessman who is a partner at Sequoia Capital. Goetz is known for his focus on mobile and enterprise startups, including successful investments in AdMob, WhatsApp, Chartboost and GitHub. In 2017, Goetz announced he was stepping back from his leadership role with Sequoia, but continues to invest and represent the firm on company boards.

Los Gatos, California
Los Gatos (US: /loʊs ˈɡɑːtoʊs, lɔːs -/; Spanish: [loz ˈɣatos]; Spanish for 'The Cats') is an incorporated town in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The population is 32,529 according to the  2020 census. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area just southwest of San Jose in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Los Gatos is part of Silicon Valley, with several high technology companies maintaining a presence there. Netflix, the streaming service and content creator, is headquartered in Los Gatos and has developed a large presence in the area.
Mahendra Cave
Mahendra Gupha is a cave located in Pokhara-16, Batulechaur, Kaski district, close to the Kali khola, is a large limestone cave. It is a rare example of a cave system in Nepal containing stalagmites and stalactites. This show cave attracts thousands of tourists every year. A statue of Hindu lord Shiva can be found inside the cave.

Bat Cave, Nepal
The Bat Cave (Chameri Gufa in Nepali language) is a solutional cave in the Kaski District in Pokhara, Nepal. It is known for a habitat of Horseshoe bats inside the cave, over the walls and ceiling. The cave is formed of limestone. It is a show cave and one of the most popular tourist destinations in Pokhara.
Diffuse reflection
Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that there is equal luminance when viewed from all directions lying in the half-space adjacent to the surface.

A surface built from a non-absorbing powder such as plaster, or from fibers such as paper, or from a polycrystalline material such as white marble, reflects light diffusely with great efficiency. Many common materials exhibit a mixture of specular and diffuse reflection.

The visibility of objects, excluding light-emitting ones, is primarily caused by diffuse reflection of light: it is diffusely-scattered light that forms the image of the object in an observer's eye over a wide range of angles of the observer with respect to the object.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, or diffuse reflection spectroscopy, is a subset of absorption spectroscopy.  It is sometimes called remission spectroscopy. Remission is the reflection or back-scattering of light by a material, while transmission is the passage of light through a material.  The word remission implies a direction of scatter, independent of the scattering process.  Remission includes both specular and diffusely back-scattered light. The word reflection often implies a particular physical process, such as specular reflection.

The use of the term remission spectroscopy is relatively recent, and found first use in applications related to medicine and biochemistry.  While the term is becoming more common in certain areas of absorption spectroscopy, the term diffuse reflectance is firmly entrenched, as in diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and diffuse-reflectance ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy.
Raby, Merseyside
Raby (locally /ˈreɪbi/) is a hamlet in the Wirral district of Merseyside, England. It is on the Wirral Peninsula, in the Clatterbridge Ward. The settlement is within the parliamentary constituency of Wirral South. Raby is a former civil parish, but since 1974 has been directly administered by Wirral Council

Raby is close to Merseyside's boundary with Cheshire and is around 4 km (2.5 mi) North East of Neston and 5 km (3.1 mi) South West of Bebington. The hamlet of Raby Mere is 3.6 km (2.2 mi) to the east.

At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Raby had a total population of 100.

Raby Mere
Raby Mere is a hamlet on the Wirral Peninsula, England.  Adjacent to the Green Belt, woodland and open countryside, it is known for its mere, a lake that has been used for leisure purposes for many years. The hamlet of Raby is located two miles (three kilometres) west.

Since local government reorganisation on 1 April 1974, Raby Mere has been situated administratively within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. It is in the Clatterbridge Ward in the parliamentary constituency of Wirral South.  At the time of the 2011 Census, Raby Mere, with its small residential area of exclusively detached homes, had a total population of 750.
R. N. Malhotra
Ram Narain Malhotra popularly known as R. N. Malhotra (1926 – 29 April 1997) was the seventeenth governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), serving from 4 February 1985 to 22 December 1990.

Malhotra was a member of the Indian Administrative Service. He had served as Secretary, Finance, and as India's Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund before his appointment as governor of the RBI. During his tenure, the 500-rupee note was introduced.
He signed the 8hq A 50 rupees note 1986. In 1990 he was the recipient of the Padma Bhushan award.

His wife Anna Rajam Malhotra was the first woman member of the Indian Administrative Service.

Anna Rajam Malhotra
Anna Rajam Malhotra (née George; 17 July 1927 – 17 September 2018) was an Indian Administrative Service officer. She was the first woman in India to hold this position. Anna Rajam belonged to the 1951 batch of the IAS and married R. N. Malhotra, her batchmate.
Kostilka Island
Kostilka Island (Bulgarian: остров Костилка, romanized: ostrov Kostilka, IPA: [ˈɔstrof kosˈtiɫkɐ]) is the rocky island 213 m long in west–east direction and 137 m wide in the Myriad Islands group of Wilhelm Archipelago in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 1.64 ha.

The feature is so named because of its shape supposedly resembling a fruit's stone ('kostilka' in Bulgarian), and in association with other descriptive names of islands in the area.

Myriad Islands
Myriad Islands (65°5′S 64°25′W﻿ / ﻿65.083°S 64.417°W﻿ / -65.083; -64.417) is a scattered group of small islands and rocks extending for about 5 nautical miles (9 km), lying west of the Dannebrog and Vedel Islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago. Charted by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, 1934–37. So named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 because of the very many islands in the group.
Vocca
Vocca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Turin and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Vercelli.

Vocca borders the following municipalities: Balmuccia, Borgosesia, Cravagliana, Postua, Scopa, and Varallo Sesia.

Postua
Postua is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Vercelli.
Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar
The Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar is an American passenger transport aircraft of the World War II era, developed as part of the Model 10 Electra family, specifically from the Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra.

British Overseas Airways Corporation
British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) was the British state-owned national airline created in 1939 by the merger of Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd. It continued operating overseas services throughout World War II.

After the passing of the Civil Aviation Act 1946, European and South American services passed to two further state-owned airlines, British European Airways (BEA) and British South American Airways (BSAA). BOAC absorbed BSAA in 1949, but BEA continued to operate British domestic and European routes for the next quarter century. The Civil Aviation Act 1971 merged BOAC and BEA, effective 31 March 1974, forming today's British Airways.
Makueni County
Makueni County is a county in the former Eastern Province of Kenya. Its capital town is Wote. It's the largest town in the county. Emali town which is an important market and stop over for the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), is another major town in the county. It is multicultural and adds diversity to Makueni County. The county had a population of 987,653 in the 2019 census. The county lies between Latitude 1° 35' and 2° 59' South and Longitude 37° 10' and 38° 30' East. It borders Machakos County to the North, Kitui County to the East, Taita Taveta County to the South and Kajiado County to the West and covers an area of 8,008.9 km2.

Wote, Kenya
Wote is a town in Kenya. It is the capital of Makueni County in the former Eastern Province. It forms a town council and had a  population of 56,419, of whom 5,542 are classified urban based on the 1999 during population census.

Wote town has six wards: Kako, Kaumoni, Kikumini, Muvau, Nziu and Wote. Most of them are located in Makueni Constituency, but Kako ward belongs to Mbooni Constituency and Kaumoni ward to Kaiti Constituency. Wote is also headquarters of Wote division of Makueni subcounty.
Rashid Choudhury
Rashid Hossain Choudhury (Bengali: রশিদ হোসেন চৌধুরী;1 April 1932 – 12 December 1986) was a Bangladeshi second generation artist, sculptor, writer and professor. He played a major part in the art movements and improvement in the art-related educational institutions of Bangladesh. He has received numerous awards and recognition for creative contribution and innovative influence. During the 1950s, he had been a significant pioneer in the modern art movement in Bangladesh.

Choudhury received education in fine arts in Madrid and Paris. As such, a western influence can be seen in his uniquely Bengali work. Beside Art Movements, he made particular contribution in fine arts education in Bangladesh, founding the Chittagong Art College.

His works can be seen displayed across the world, by both public and private institutions.

Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy
Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, known as Shilpakala Academy, is the principal state-sponsored national cultural centre of Bangladesh. It is an academy of fine and performing arts, established on 19 February 1974 under the Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy Act. The Academy has branches in all 64 districts of Bangladesh to promote cultural activities and foster artistic development at the regional level.
Francis Marion Smith
Francis Marion Smith (February 2, 1846 – August 27, 1931) was an American miner, business magnate and civic builder in the Mojave Desert, the San Francisco Bay Area, and Oakland, California. He was known nationally and internationally as "Borax Smith" and "The Borax King", as his company produced the popular 20-Mule-Team Borax brand of household cleaner.

Frank Smith created the Key System, an interurban private transit system, which operated in Oakland and the East Bay with a terminus in the San Francisco Transbay Terminal.

Teel's Marsh
Teel's Marsh is a playa in Nevada, United States.  It was the site of "Borax" Smith's first borax works at Marietta, Nevada in 1872, and became the start of his operations that soon became the largest borax operation in the world.
Daniel Goldston
Daniel Alan Goldston (born January 4, 1954, in Oakland, California) is an American mathematician who specializes in number theory. He is currently a professor of mathematics at San Jose State University.

János Pintz
János Pintz (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈjaːnoʃ ˈpints]; born 20 December 1950 in Budapest) is a Hungarian mathematician working in analytic number theory. He is a fellow of the Rényi Mathematical Institute and is also a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2014, he received the Cole Prize of the American Mathematical Society.
Halfdan Haraldsson the Black
Halfdan Haraldsson or Halfdan the Black was a son of Harald I of Norway by his first wife, Åsa, the daughter of Jarl Håkon Grjotgardsson of Lade. He was made sub-king of the Trondelag by his father, along with his brother Halfdan the White. According to Heimskringla, Halfdan the Black was poisoned, possibly at the behest of his sister in law Gunnhild, Mother of Kings.

Gunnhild, Mother of Kings
Gunnhildr konungamóðir (mother of kings) or Gunnhildr Gormsdóttir, whose name is often Anglicised as Gunnhild (c. 910  –  c. 980), is a quasi-historical figure who appears in the Icelandic Sagas, according to which she was the wife of Eric Bloodaxe (King of Norway 930–934, King of Orkney c. 937–954, and King of Jórvík 948–49 and 952–954). She appears prominently in sagas such as Fagrskinna, Egils saga, Njáls saga, Heimskringla, and Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta.

The sagas relate that Gunnhild lived during a time of great change and upheaval in Norway. Her father-in-law Harald Fairhair had recently united much of Norway under his rule. Shortly after his death, Gunnhild and her husband Eric Bloodaxe were overthrown and exiled. She spent much of the rest of her life in exile in Orkney, Jorvik and Denmark. A number of her many children with Eric became co-rulers of Norway in the late tenth century.
Nanyue Yuan
Nanyue Yuan (simplified Chinese: 南粤苑; traditional Chinese: 南粵苑; lit. 'Southern Yue Garden') is a Lingnan-style Chinese garden in Guangzhou, China. It is adjacent to its sister garden, Baomo Yuan, and joint tickets are available.

Baomo Yuan
Baomo Yuan (simplified Chinese: 宝墨园; traditional Chinese: 寶墨園; lit. 'Bao Zheng's Inkstone Garden') is a Lingnan-style garden in Guangzhou, China. It is adjacent to its sister garden, Nanyue Yuan, and joint tickets are available.
Maurice Audin
Maurice Audin (14 February 1932 – c. 21 June 1957) was a renowned French mathematics assistant at the University of Algiers, a member of the Algerian Communist Party and an activist in the anticolonialist cause, who died under torture by the French state during the Battle of Algiers.

In the centre of Algiers, beside the university, the intersection of streets bearing the names of several other heroes of the Algerian Revolution is called the Place Maurice-Audin. He is also memorialized by the Maurice Audin Prize, sponsored by the Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles, the Société Mathématique de France, and others, and granted biennially to an Algerian mathematician working in Algeria and a French mathematician working in France.

Michèle Audin
Michèle Audin (3 January 1954 – 14 November 2025) was a French mathematician, writer and academic. She worked as a professor at the University of Geneva, the University of Paris-Saclay and lastly at the University of Strasbourg, where she performed research notably in the area of symplectic geometry.
Jacob Whittemore House
The Jacob Whittemore House is a historic American Revolutionary War site in Lexington, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of today's Minute Man National Historic Park. It is located on Airport Road, just off Battle Road (formerly the Bay Road). It is the only house of the National Historic Park's "witness" houses of the April 19, 1775 battles of Lexington and Concord to fall inside the Lexington town line; the others are in Lincoln or Concord.

In 1775, the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, it was the home of Jacob Whittemore; his wife, Elizabeth; their daughter, Sarah; Sarah's husband, Moses; and their three small children.

The Whittemore family sold the property in 1780.

Battle Road
Battle Road, formerly known as the  Old Concord Road and the Bay Road, is a historic road in Massachusetts, United States. It was formerly part of the main road connecting Lexington, Lincoln and Concord, three of the main towns involved in the American Revolutionary War. It was on Battle Road that thousands of colonial militia and British regulars fought during the redcoats' retreat from Concord to Boston on the morning and afternoon of April 19, 1775.
Pembroke Square, London
Pembroke Square is located in the Kensington area of southwest central London, England (postcode W8). The whole square is Grade II listed for its architectural merit. It was developed by the Hawks family.

The Hansom Cab is a Grade II listed public house on the corner with Earls Court Road.

38 Pembroke Square was the house used as the surgery of Dr Hirsh in the movie Sunday Bloody Sunday.

The novelist Vernon Lee lived at No.13.
Immunologist Sir Almroth Wright lived at No.6
The playwright John McGrath (playwright) and his wife, the Scottish actress Elizabeth MacLennan lived at No 33a.
The artist Alfred Leete died at his home No. 34 in 1933.

The Hansom Cab
The Hansom Cab is a Grade II listed public house at 84–86 Earls Court Road, Kensington, London W8 6EG. It is on the corner with Pembroke Square.

A hansom cab is a kind of horse-drawn carriage, as illustrated on the pub's sign.
Crime and Punishment (1935 French film)
Crime and Punishment (French: Crime et châtiment) is a 1935 French crime drama film directed by Pierre Chenal and produced by Michel Kagansky starring Harry Baur, Pierre Blanchar and Madeleine Ozeray. It is an adaptation of the 1866 novel of the same name by Fyodor Dostoevsky. The same year a separate American film adaptation was made featuring Peter Lorre.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Aimé Bazin. Chenal rejected Bazin's original designs as too realistic and historically faithful, as he wished to create a more expressionist ambience for the film.

Crime and Punishment (1935 American film)
Crime and Punishment is a 1935 American drama film directed by Josef von Sternberg for Columbia Pictures. The screenplay was adapted by Joseph Anthony and S.K. Lauren from Fyodor Dostoevsky's 1866 novel of the same title. The film stars Peter Lorre in the lead role of Raskolnikov (here named Roderick instead of Rodion).

Von Sternberg, who was contractually obliged to make the film, disliked it, later writing that it was "no more related to the true text of the novel than the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Gower is related to the Russian environment."

The Library of Congress holds a print.
Rover V8 engine
The Rover V8 engine is a compact OHV V8 internal combustion engine with aluminium cylinder block and cylinder heads, designed and produced by Rover in the United Kingdom, based on  a General Motors engine. It has been used in a wide range of vehicles from Rover and other manufacturers since its British debut in 1967.

Morgan Motor Company
Morgan Motor Company Limited is a British motor car manufacturer majority-owned by European investment group InvestIndustrial. Morgan was founded in 1910 by Henry Frederick Stanley Morgan. The company is based in Malvern Link, an area of Malvern, and employs approximately 220 people. As of September 2025, the company manufactures 630 cars per year.

Morgan cars are unusual in that wood (from the ash tree) has been used in their construction for a century, and is still used in the 21st century for framing the body shell. An Experience Centre and museum have exhibits about the company's history from Edwardian times until the present day, developments in automobile technology, and a display of its most prominent historical models. There are also guided tours of the factory, an on-site dealership and restaurant
Osen (village)
Osen (sometimes called Steinsdalen) is the administrative centre of Osen Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northeast of the village of Bessaker (in Åfjord Municipality and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the village of Seter (by ferry - if driving by road to Seter, it would be over 100 kilometres (62 mi) through two other municipalities). Osen Church is located in the village.

Bessaker
Bessaker is a coastal fishing village in Åfjord Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located north of the Brandsfjorden, about a 30-kilometre (19 mi) drive (to the southwest) to the village of Roan and about a 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) drive (to the northeast) to the village of Steinsdalen in neighboring Osen Municipality. The village of Bessaker has about 200 inhabitants.

Bessaker has a good harbor and it was previously visited regularly by the Hurtigruten, but today the ships call there on special occasions only, such as the annual fisheries festival, the Fiskefestivalen. The Kaura Lighthouse lies about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of the village and the islands of Skjervøya lie about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the north.
2014 Brisbane Broncos season
The 2014 Brisbane Broncos season was the 27th in the club's history. Coached by Anthony Griffin and co-captained by Justin Hodges and Corey Parker, they competed in the NRL's 2014 Telstra Premiership, finishing the regular season eighth (out of sixteen) to make it into the finals. The Broncos were then knocked out of contention in the first game of the finals against the North Queensland Cowboys.

Justin Hodges
Justin Hodges (born 25 May 1982) is an Australian professional boxer and former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. A Queensland State of Origin and Australian international representative centre, Hodges started his career in the National Rugby League with the Brisbane Broncos before moving to the Sydney Roosters, with whom he won the 2002 NRL Premiership, before returning to the Broncos in 2005, and winning the 2006 NRL Premiership. He also captained the Broncos.
University School
University School, commonly referred to as US, is an all-boys, private, Junior Kindergarten–12 school with two campus locations in the Greater Cleveland area of Ohio. The campus located in Shaker Heights serves junior kindergarten through eighth grade students, while the campus in Hunting Valley serves ninth through twelfth grade students.

University School is a founding member of the International Boys' Schools Coalition (IBSC) and a member of the Center for the Study of Boys' and Girls' Lives and Cleveland Council of Independent Schools.

Shaker Heights, Ohio
Shaker Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 29,439 at the 2020 census. Shaker Heights is an inner-ring streetcar suburb of Cleveland, abutting the eastern edge of the city's limits. It is a planned community developed by the Van Sweringen brothers, railroad moguls who envisioned the community as a suburban retreat from the industrial inner city of Cleveland.
Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre
Holme Pierrepont Country Park, home of The National Water Sports Centre is located in the hamlet of Holme Pierrepont near Nottingham, England and on the River Trent. It is used for many different sports and has received investment which has enabled a major refurbishment of existing facilities as well as introduction of new facilities.

Run by Serco on behalf of Nottinghamshire County Council, it was previously one of five National Sports Centres.

National Sports Centre (Sport England)
There are three National Sports Centres as part of Sport England's strategy to create elite English world class sporting talent:

Bisham Abbey

Lilleshall

Plas y Brenin

Each centre provides elite athletes with a range of specialist facilities, equipment, expertise and residential accommodation suitable for training and competition. The centres also offer full facilities for the general public including conferencing and banqueting, as well as beginners and improvers programmes in most of the activities that take place at each site.

Former centres were located at Crystal Palace and Holme Pierrepont.