hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Infrared gas analyzer
An infrared gas analyzer measures trace gases by determining the absorption of an emitted infrared light source through a certain air sample. Trace gases found in the Earth's atmosphere become excited under specific wavelengths found in the infrared range. The concept behind the technology can be understood as testing how much of the light is absorbed by the air. Different molecules in the air absorb different frequencies of light. Air with much of a certain gas will absorb more of a certain frequency, allowing the sensor to report a high concentration of the corresponding molecule.

Infrared gas analyzers usually have two chambers, one is a reference chamber while the other chamber is a measurement chamber.  Infrared light is emitted from some type of source on one end of the chamber, passes through a series of chambers that contains given quantities of the various gases in question.

Nondispersive infrared sensor
A nondispersive infrared sensor (or NDIR sensor) is a simple spectroscopic sensor often used as a gas detector. It is non-dispersive in the sense that no dispersive element (e.g., a prism, or diffraction grating, as is often present in other spectrometers) is used to separate (like a monochromator) the broadband light into a narrow spectrum suitable for gas sensing. The majority of NDIR sensors use a broadband lamp source and an optical filter to select a narrow band spectral region that correspond to the absorption region of the gas of interest. In this context, the narrow band can be 50-300 nm bandwidth. Modern NDIR sensors may use microelectromechanical systems (MEMs) or mid IR LED sources, with or without an optical filter.
Manticora (beetle)
Manticora (often misspelled Mantichora (Latin term for "manticore") following an unjustified spelling change in 1837) is a genus of tiger beetles that is endemic to Africa. Its members are the largest of the family. All species are nocturnal, black, and flightless. Males usually have exaggerated mandibles compared to the females, used for clasping during copulation.

Tiger beetle
Tiger beetles or the Cicindelidae are a family of beetles known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle, Rivacindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph; 2.5 m/s), or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, a sister group to Carabidae, within the Adephaga.
URO VAMTAC
The URO VAMTAC (Vehículo de Alta Movilidad Táctico, "High Mobility Tactical Vehicle") is a Spanish four-wheel drive military vehicle manufactured by UROVESA. Externally it is similar in appearance and design to the Humvee of the United States Military due to similar requirements. More than 2,000 of the vehicles have been delivered to the Spanish Armed Forces. Several other countries operate the VAMTAC as well, and it has seen in service most recently in Afghanistan and Syria. The vehicle comes in three models, named I3, S3 and ST5, and has several configurations.

Starstreak
Starstreak is a British short-range surface-to-air missile that can be used as a man-portable air-defence system (MANPADS) or used in heavier systems. It is manufactured by Thales Air Defence (formerly Shorts Missile Systems) in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is also known as Starstreak HVM (High Velocity Missile). After launch, the missile accelerates to more than Mach 4, making it the fastest short-range surface-to-air missile in existence. It then launches three laser beam-riding submunitions, increasing the likelihood of a successful hit on the target. Starstreak has been in service with the British Army since 1997. In 2012 Thales relaunched the system as  ForceSHIELD.
Kerinci Regency
Kerinci is a regency (kabupaten) in Jambi province, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The regency has an area of 3,445.18 km2 (1,330.19 sq mi). Kerinci Regency had a population of 229,495 at the 2010 Census and 250,259 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 268,951 (comprising 135,055 males and 133,896 females). The regency largely surrounds the city of Sungai Penuh (except on the city's western side), which until its separation on 24 June 2008 was part of the regency but is now independent of it. The regency seat is at the town of Siulak. Kerinci is located 50 km (31 mi) from Jambi City, the capital of Jambi Province.

Sungai Penuh
Sungai Penuh (Indonesian: (Kota) Sungai Penuh, lit. "Full River (City)") is a city in Indonesia, in western Jambi province, on the island of Sumatra. It is an enclave within Kerinci Regency, of which it was formerly part but from which it became administratively separate on 24 June 2008. The city, whose name means "Penuh River", is also known as Siulak. It covers an area of 364.92 km2 and had a population of 82,293 at the 2010 Census and 96,610 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 102,224 (comprising 51,371 males and 50,853 females).
St Joseph's Church, North Ward
St Joseph's Church is a heritage-listed Roman Catholic church at Fryer Street, North Ward, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Charles Dalton Lynch and Walter Hunt and built from 1920 to 1921 by Joseph Rooney. It is also known as St Joseph on The Strand. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 26 November 1999.

North Ward, Queensland
North Ward is a coastal suburb of Townsville in the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, North Ward had a population of 5,073 people.

The suburb is one of the oldest in the city but has undergone significant development over many decades. It is home to some of the city's top attractions including The Strand, the waterpark, and the rockpool.
Sagaing Region
Sagaing Region (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [zəɡáɪ̯ɰ̃ táɪ̯ɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east. It is bordered by Chin State and India's Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh states to the west and north, Kachin State, Shan State, and Mandalay Region to the east and Mandalay Region and Magway Region to the south. The Ayeyarwady River forms a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary. Sagaing Region has an area of 93,527 square kilometres (36,111 sq mi), making it the second-largest subdivision of Myanmar. In 1996, it had a population of over 5,300,000, while its population in 2012 was 6,600,000. The urban population 2012 was 1,230,000, and the rural population was 5,360,000. The namesake of Sagaing Region is Sagaing but the administrative capital and largest city is Monywa.

Chindwin River
The Chindwin River (Burmese pronunciation: [t͡ɕɪ́ɰ̃dwɪ́ɰ̃ mjɪʔ]), also known as the Ningthi River (Meitei: [niŋtʰi tuɾel]), is a river in Myanmar and the largest tributary of the Irrawaddy River, which itself is the principal river of Myanmar.
United States Army Futures Command
The United States Army Futures Command (AFC) was a United States Army command that ran modernization projects. It was headquartered in Austin, Texas.

The AFC began initial operations on 1 July 2018. It was created as a peer of Forces Command (FORSCOM), Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), and Army Materiel Command (AMC). While the other commands focus on readiness to "fight tonight", AFC aimed to improve future readiness for competition with near-peers. The AFC commander functioned as the Army's chief modernization investment officer.: Section 4  It was supported by the United States Army Reserve Innovation Command (75th Innovation Command).

On October 2nd, 2025, Army officials inactivated Army Futures Command and activated U.S. Army Transformation and Training Command (T2COM). This effectively merged AFC with Training and Doctrine Command. The Army will retain AFC's headquarters to serve as the new headquarters for T2COM.

Program executive officer
A program executive officer, or PEO, is one of a few key individuals in the United States military acquisition process. Shown by the examples below, a program executive officer may be responsible for a specific program (e.g., the Joint Strike Fighter), or for an entire portfolio of similar programs (e.g., the Navy PEO for aircraft carriers).

Army: The direct reports of the Army Acquisition Executive are program executive officers for the respective program executive offices (PEOs)

The current program executive officers include (but may not be limited to):
Jean de Gaulle
Jean de Gaulle (born 13 June 1953) is a French politician.

He is the son of Philippe de Gaulle and Henriette de Montalembert, and grandson of General Charles de Gaulle, Leader of Free France and President of France from 1958 to 1969. He was the Mayor of Thenezay from 24 March 1989 to 18 June 1995.

Philippe de Gaulle
Philippe Henri Xavier Antoine de Gaulle (French: [filip də ɡol]; 28 December 1921 – 13 March 2024) was a French admiral and senator. He was the eldest and last surviving child of General Charles de Gaulle, the first president of the French Fifth Republic, and of his wife, Yvonne.
Van Mijenfjorden
Van Mijenfjorden is the third-longest fjord in Norway's Svalbard archipelago. It lies in the southern portion of Spitsbergen island, south of Nordenskiöld Land and north of Nathorst Land. The fjord is 83 km (52 mi) long, being separated from Bellsund further out by Akseløya and Mariaholmen. The settlement of Sveagruva lies on the fjord's north bank.

The fjord is named after the Dutch whaler Willem Cornelisz. van Muyden, who was involved in the trade in 1612 and 1613. Van Mijenfjorden (an obvious corruption of Van Muyden's name) was originally called Lowe Sound, while the small cove north of Axel Island (at the mouth of the fjord) was called Van Muyden's Haven. This latter name was moved from its proper location by Giles and Rep (c. 1710) and "floated over" to where modern cartographers now wrongly place it.

Bellsund
Bellsund is a 20-kilometer (12 mi) long sound on the west coast of Spitsbergen, part of the Svalbard archipelago of Norway. It is separated from Van Mijenfjorden by the islands of Akseløya and Mariaholmen. Bellsund is located south of Nordenskiöld Land and north of Wedel Jarlsberg Land.
Glenavon F.C.
Glenavon Football Club is a Northern Irish semi-professional football club that competes in the NIFL Premiership. Founded in 1889, the club hails from Lurgan and plays its home matches at Mourneview Park. Club colours are blue and white. Glenavon's bitter rivals are Portadown, with their matches known as the "Mid-Ulster Derby". Glenavon are a part of the Mid-Ulster F.A.

2013–14 Irish Cup
The 2013–14 Irish Cup was the 134th edition of the Irish Cup, the premier knockout cup competition in Northern Irish football since its introduction in 1881. The competition began on 7 September 2013 with the first round and ended on 3 May 2014 with the final. The competition ran without a principal sponsor, but for the second successive season the final was known as the Marie Curie Irish Cup final, after the IFA once again awarded the naming rights for the final to the charity Marie Curie Cancer Care.

Glentoran were the defending champions, following their 3–1 win over Cliftonville after extra time in the 2012–13 final. However, they were eliminated in the quarter-finals by eventual winners Glenavon who defeated Ballymena United 2–1 in the final to lift the cup for the sixth time. As a result, Glenavon qualified for the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round.
Whetham, Wiltshire
51°24′43″N 2°01′52″W﻿ / ﻿51.4119°N 2.0312°W﻿ / 51.4119; -2.0312
Whetham is a former manor in Derry Hill & Studley parish, Wiltshire, England. No settlement remains beyond a farm, a few cottages and a country house called Whetham House.

Derry Hill & Studley
Derry Hill & Studley is a civil parish in Wiltshire, England, covering the villages of Derry Hill, Studley and Sandy Lane and the hamlet of Pewsham, as well as the country house estate of Bowood. The parish lies immediately west of Calne and southeast of Chippenham. The parish of Calne Without was created in 1890; boundary changes effective from May 2025 reduced its size and renamed the remaining part as Derry Hill & Studley.

The River Marden flows through the parish from its source near Calstone Wellington.
Gardel, Guadeloupe
Gardel is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Le Moule, on the island of Grande-Terre.  Boisvin is to its west, and Zevallos is to its east; to the north are Guillocheau, Laureal, Portland and Guenette.

It is the location of the last remaining sugar refinery of mainland Guadeloupe

Boisvin
Boisvin is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Le Moule, on the island of Grande-Terre.  It is located to the east of Fonds d'Or, and to the south of Guillocheau and Laureal; Gardel and Renard are to its east.

16°17′48″N 61°20′58″W﻿ / ﻿16.29667°N 61.34944°W﻿ / 16.29667; -61.34944
Of Mice and Men (1992 film)
Of Mice and Men is a 1992 American period drama film produced and directed by Gary Sinise, adapted by  Horton Foote from John Steinbeck's 1937 novella of the same name. It stars John Malkovich as the intellectually disabled Lennie and Sinise as George, two farm workers who travel together and dream of one day owning their own land. Like the novella, it explores themes of discrimination, loneliness, and the American Dream, as well as the desire for a place to call home.

This is the second theatrical film adaptation of Steinbeck's novel, following the 1939 film. It premiered at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Palme d'Or. Of Mice and Men was released in the United States on October 2, 1992 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, to positive reviews.

Of Mice and Men
Of Mice and Men is a 1937 novella written by American author John Steinbeck. It describes the experiences of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, as they move from place to place in California, searching for jobs during the Great Depression.

Steinbeck based the novella on his own experiences as a teenager working alongside migrant farm workers in the 1910s, before the arrival of the Okies whom he would describe in his novel The Grapes of Wrath.  The title is taken from Robert Burns' poem "To a Mouse": "The best laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft agley" ("The best-laid plans of mice and men / Often go awry").

Although the book is taught in many schools, Of Mice and Men has been a frequent target of censorship and book bans for vulgarity and for what some consider offensive and racist language. Consequently, it appears on the American Library Association's list of the Most Challenged Books of the 21st Century.
Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.

Damodar River
Damodar River (Pron: /ˈdʌmoˌdaː/) is a river flowing across the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. The valley is rich in mineral resources and is known for large-scale mining and industrial activity. It was also known as the Sorrow of Bengal because of the ravaging floods it caused in the plains of West Bengal. The construction of several dams on the Damodar and its tributaries has helped control some of the flooding.
Tiger Schulmann
Daniel "Tiger" Schulmann (born July 2, 1962) is an American Kyokushin Karate and mixed martial arts trainer. Daniel Schulmann has trained many pro fighters including Jimmie Rivera, Lyman Good, Shane Burgos, Julio Arce, and Uriah Hall.

Lyman Good
Lyman Merrill Good (born May 26, 1985), also known as "American Cyborg", is an American mixed martial artist. He is perhaps best known for his time spent with Bellator, where he was the inaugural Bellator Welterweight Champion, along with being the first Welterweight Tournament Champion, and for competing in the welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.
West Frisian Islands
The West Frisian Islands (Dutch: Waddeneilanden, pronounced [ˈʋɑdə(n)ˌɛilɑndə(n)] ⓘ; West Frisian: Waadeilannen) are a chain of islands in the North Sea off the northern Dutch coast, along the edge of the Wadden Sea. They continue further east as the German East Frisian Islands and are part of the Frisian Islands.

From west to east the islands are: Noorderhaaks, Texel, Vlieland, Richel, Griend, Terschelling, Ameland, Rif, Engelsmanplaat, Schiermonnikoog, Simonszand, Rottumerplaat, Rottumeroog, and Zuiderduintjes.

The Frisian Islands are nowadays mostly famous as a holiday destination. Island hopping is possible by regular ferries from the mainland and by specialised tour operators. Cycling is the most favourable means of transport on most of the islands. On Vlieland and Schiermonnikoog cars are allowed only for regular inhabitants.

Griend
Griend (Dutch pronunciation: [ɣrint] ⓘ; West Frisian: Gryn) is a small uninhabited Dutch islet in the Wadden Sea, lying around 12 kilometres south of Terschelling. It is one of the West Frisian Islands, and belongs to the municipality of Terschelling. The island currently has an area of around 0.1 km2.
Enovate (marque)
Zhejiang Dianka Automobile Technology Co. Ltd., trading as Enovate or originally Dearcc, is an automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Zhejiang, China, specialising in producing electric cars. Founded on June 23, 2015, the company launched two models called the Dearcc EV10 and Enovate ME7 with an all-electric range of up to 155 km (96 mi).

Dearcc EV10
The Dearcc EV10 was an electric city car engineered and produced by the Chinese electric car manufacturer Dearcc. It was launched in the Chinese market on November 17, 2017, and the range extended version called the Dearcc EV10 Pro300 was launched on July 7, 2018.
93rd Grey Cup
The 93rd Grey Cup game was held on November 27, 2005, at B.C. Place Stadium in Vancouver, British Columbia, between the Edmonton Eskimos and the Montreal Alouettes, to decide the winner of the 2005 season of the Canadian Football League. The Eskimos prevailed over the Alouettes in a 38–35 overtime victory. It was the first time in 44 years that a Grey Cup went into overtime (it would happen again in 2016 and 2021). It was also the first Grey Cup to be presented in high-definition television.

Sean Fleming (gridiron football)
Sean Fleming (born March 19, 1970) is a Canadian former professional football placekicker and punter. Fleming was selected sixth overall by the Canadian Football League (CFL)'s Edmonton Eskimos out of the University of Wyoming in the 1992 CFL draft. He attended Vancouver College when he was in high school.

Fleming played sixteen seasons in the Canadian Football League, all with the Eskimos. He is a four-time CFL West Division All-Star (twice named CFL All-Star) and three-time Eskimos nominee for Most Outstanding Canadian. He has played in five Grey Cups, winning three, and was named the 81st Grey Cup's Most Valuable Canadian. He kicked the game-winning field goal in overtime for the Eskimos in the 93rd Grey Cup. Fleming holds the Eskimos' records for points (2,571), field goals (553), converts (713), punts (1,264), punt yardage (52,957) and kickoff yardage (69,973). Fleming was inducted into the club's Wall of Honour in 2011.
Turin King List
The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BC), now in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum) in Turin. The papyrus is the most extensive list available of kings compiled by the ancient Egyptians, and is the basis for most Egyptian chronology before the reign of Ramesses II. The list records more than 200 kings, but not all names have survived.

Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Fifteenth Dynasty was a foreign dynasty of ancient Egypt. It was founded by Salitis, a Hyksos from West Asia whose people had invaded the country and conquered Lower Egypt. The 15th, 16th, and 17th Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The 15th Dynasty dates approximately from 1650 to 1550 BC.
Rudgeway
Rudgeway is a village in South Gloucestershire in south west England, located between Alveston and Almondsbury on the A38 trunk road. It lies west of Earthcott, Latteridge, Iron Acton and Yate on the B4059 road.

Latteridge
Latteridge is a hamlet in South Gloucestershire, England.  It lies on the B4059 road north of Iron Acton, and south of Rudgeway and Earthcott. The hamlet is divided by the B4059, there is a large village green, a railway crossing, a large duck pond and a ruined church.
Last Mountain Lake 80A
Last Mountain Lake 80A is a shared Indian reserve in Saskatchewan, used by the Day Star, George Gordon, Kawacatoose, Muscowpetung, Muskowekwan, Pasqua, and Piapot First Nations. It is in Township 21, Range 21, west of the Second Meridian.

The reserve is located on the western shore of Last Mountain Lake, on the west side of Regina Beach. It surrounds Little Arm Bay, which is where Arm River flows into the lake. The hamlet of Kinookimaw is with the reserve.

George Gordon First Nation
The George Gordon First Nation (Cree: ᐳᓵᑲᓇᒌᕽ posâkanacîhk) is a First Nations band government located near the village of Punnichy, Saskatchewan, in Canada. The nation has an enrolled population of 3,752 people, 1,191 of whom live on the band's reserves. Chief Shawn Longman leads the First Nation. Their territory is located on the Gordon 86 reserve, as arranged by Treaty 4.
Andreas Hillgruber
Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian who was influential as a military and diplomatic historian who played a leading role in the Historikerstreit of the 1980s. In his controversial book Zweierlei Untergang, he wrote that historians should "identify" with the Wehrmacht fighting on the Eastern Front and asserted that there was no moral difference between Allied policies towards Germany in 1944 and 1945 and the genocide waged against the Jews. The British historian Richard J. Evans wrote that Hillgruber was a great historian whose once-sterling reputation was in ruins as a result of the Historikerstreit.

Omer Bartov
Omer Bartov (Hebrew: עֹמֶר בַּרְטוֹב [ʔoˈmeʁ ˈbaʁtov]; born April 17, 1954) is an Israeli-American historian. He is the Dean's Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Brown University, where he has taught since 2000. Bartov is a historian of the Holocaust and is considered a leading authority on genocide.