hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolay Zhukovsky (scientist)
Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky (Russian: Никола́й Его́рович Жуко́вский, IPA: [ʐʊˈkofskʲɪj]; 17 January [O.S. 5 January] 1847 – 17 March 1921) was a Russian scientist, mathematician and engineer, and a founding father of modern aero- and hydrodynamics. Whereas contemporary scientists scoffed at the idea of human flight, Zhukovsky was the first to undertake the study of airflow. He is often called the Father of Russian Aviation.

The Joukowsky transform is named after him, while the fundamental aerodynamical theorem, the Kutta–Joukowski theorem, is named after both him and German mathematician Martin Kutta.

Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy
Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy (Военно-воздушная инженерная академия имени профессора Н. Е. Жуковского) – is a higher military educational institution for training and retraining of engineers for the Russian Aerospace Forces.

The academy trains specialists – engineers, research engineers in the following specialties:

Technical maintenance of aircraft and engines

Robotic aircraft armament system

Electronics and automation of physical systems

Technical maintenance of aircraft electrical systems and flight control and navigation systems

Software of computers and automated systems

Metrology and metrological support

Technical operation of the transport of radio equipment

Electronic warfare

The study of natural resources by means of aerospace
A/B testing
A/B testing (also known as bucket testing, split-run testing or split testing) is a user-experience research method. A/B tests consist of a randomized experiment that usually involves two variants (A and B), although the concept can be also extended to multiple variants of the same variable. It includes application of statistical hypothesis testing or "two-sample hypothesis testing" as used in the field of statistics. A/B testing is employed to compare multiple versions of a single variable, for example by testing a subject's response to variant A against variant B, and to determine which of the variants is more effective.

Multivariate testing or multinomial testing is similar to A/B testing but may test more than two versions at the same time or use more controls. Simple A/B tests are not valid for observational, quasi-experimental or other non-experimental situations—commonplace with survey data, offline data, and other, more complex phenomena.

Randomized experiment
In science, randomized experiments are the experiments that allow the greatest reliability and validity of statistical estimates of treatment effects. Randomization-based inference is especially important in experimental design and in survey sampling.
Tobias Smollett
Tobias George Smollett (bapt. 19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish writer and surgeon. He was best known for writing picaresque novels such as The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748), The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751) and The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771), which influenced later generations of British novelists, including Charles Dickens. His novels were liberally altered by contemporary printers; an authoritative edition of each was edited by Dr O. M. Brack Jr and others.

Gil Blas
Gil Blas (French: L'Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillane [listwaʁ də ʒil blɑ də sɑ̃tijan]) is a picaresque novel by Alain-René Lesage published between 1715 and 1735. It was highly popular, and was translated several times into English, most notably by Tobias Smollett in 1748 as The Adventures of Gil Blas of Santillane.
Saints' Way
The Saints' Way (Cornish: Forth an Syns) is a long-distance footpath in mid Cornwall that connects the coastal towns of Padstow and Fowey.

The Saints' Way follows a possible reconstructed route taken by early traders and Christian travellers making their way between Ireland and Mainland Europe. Rather than risk the difficult passage around Land's End, they could disembark from ships on the coast of Cornwall and progress over land to other coast ports such as Fowey on foot.

River Camel
The River Camel  (Cornish: Dowr Kammel, meaning crooked river) is a river in Cornwall, England. It rises on the edge of Bodmin Moor and with its tributaries its catchment area covers much of North Cornwall. The river flows into the eastern Celtic Sea between Stepper Point and Pentire Point having covered about 30 miles (50 km) making it the second longest river wholly in Cornwall. The river is tidal upstream to Egloshayle and is popular for sailing, birdwatching and fishing. The name Camel comes from the Cornish language for 'the crooked one', a reference to its winding course. Historically the river was divided into three named stretches. Heyl (Cornish: Heyl, meaning estuary) was the name for the estuary up to Egloshayle, the River Allen (Cornish: Dowr Alen, meaning shining river) was the stretch between Egloshayle and Trecarne, whilst the Camel was reserved for the stretch of river between its source and Trecarne.
James Duncan Lawrence (author)
James Duncan Lawrence ((1918-10-22)October 22, 1918 – (1994-03-19)March 19, 1994), best known as Jim Lawrence, was an American author best known for authoring most of the Tom Swift Jr. series of books (under the pseudonym Victor Appleton II) and the "Friday Foster" comic strip, as well as the James Bond newspaper strip.

Jorge Longarón
Jordi Longarón i Llopart (1 February 1933 – 10 May 2019), also known as Jorge Longarón, was a Spanish illustrator for magazines and comic strips.

Born in Barcelona, Longarón began professionally drawing during the 1940s and 1950s. He drew the comics Arsénico Lupin in Chispa and Chan-Chu-Llo in Garabatos and also contributed to El Pequeño Mosquetero, Serenata Extra, Hazañas Belicas and Hazañas del Oeste.

In 1969, for the Chicago Tribune and the New York News Syndicate, he teamed with writer Jim Lawrence to create the Friday Foster comic strip about a young female photographer. Friday Foster was launched January 18, 1970 and was syndicated until 1974, with Gray Morrow taking over the art chores in the final year. It was adapted into a feature film starring Pam Grier in 1975.

Longarón did many cover illustrations for American publications. As a fine artist, he painted Catalan landscapes and the American Southwest. His influence can be seen in the artwork of Cliff Chiang and others.
Radosław Baran
Radosław Baran (born 5 November 1989 in Krotoszyn, Poland) is a Polish freestyle wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 97 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, in which he was eliminated in the repechage by Reza Yazdani.

In March 2021, he competed at the European Qualification Tournament in Budapest, Hungary hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He won his first match against Samuel Scherrer of Switzerland but he was then eliminated from the competition in his next match against Erik Thiele of Germany.

He competed at the 2024 European Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament in Baku, Azerbaijan hoping to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. He was eliminated in his second match and he did not qualify for the Olympics.

His brother Robert is also a freestyle wrestler.

Samuel Scherrer
Samuel Scherrer (born 15 March 1997) is a Swiss freestyle wrestler. He is a two-time silver medalist at the European Wrestling Championships. He also won a bronze medal at the 2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup held in Belgrade, Serbia.
Diocese of Wheeling–Charleston
The Diocese of Wheeling–Charleston (Latin: Dioecesis Vhelingensis–Carolopolitanus) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church comprising West Virginia in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Baltimore.

The current bishop of the Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston is Mark E. Brennan. The diocese maintains two cathedrals: the Cathedral of Saint Joseph in Wheeling and the Basilica of the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Charleston.

Patrick James Donahue
Patrick James Donahue (April 15, 1849 – October 4, 1922) was an English-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Wheeling in West Virginia from 1894 until his death in 1922.
Malthouse Broad
Malthouse Broad is a broad (i.e., lake) at Ranworth in the Norfolk Broads.

The "Helen of Ranworth" is a traditional reedlighter, a boat that carried away the reed harvest. Now it ferries visitors from Malthouse Broad to Ranworth Broad.

Reedlighter
A  reedlighter  (also a  reed lighter ) is a type of boat used on the Norfolk Broads in England. After WWI they almost became extinct, but in recent years a small number have been built to maintain traditional reed-cutting methods. The term is also used for other modern, shallow-hulled, boats used on the Broads.
Stargard County
Stargard County (Polish: powiat stargardzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Stargard, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains four other towns: Chociwel, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Stargard, Dobrzany, 27 km (17 mi) east of Stargard, Ińsko, 37 km (23 mi) east of Stargard, and Suchań, 21 km (13 mi) east of Stargard.

The county covers an area of 1,519.59 square kilometres (586.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 119,402, out of which the population of Stargard is 70,534, that of Chociwel is 3,285, that of Dobrzany is 2,420, that of Ińsko is 2,001, that of Suchań is 1,446, and the rural population is 39,716.

Dobrzany
Dobrzany [dɔˈbʐanɨ] (Kashubian: Jakùbòwò; German: Jacobshagen, or Jakobshagen) is a town in Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 2,225. It is situated on the Pęzinka River and the northern shore of Szadzko Lake in the historic region of Pomerania.
Norway women's national football team
The Norway women's national football team (Norwegian: Norges kvinnelandslag i fotball) represents Norway in international football, and is controlled by the Norwegian Football Federation. The team is former European, World and Olympic champions and thus one of the most successful national teams. However, the team has endured less success since the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.

1987 European Competition for Women's Football
The 1987 European Competition for Women's Football took place in Norway. It was won by the hosts in a final against defending champions Sweden. Once again, the competition began with four qualifying groups, but this time a host nation was selected for the semi-final stage onwards after the four semi-finalists were identified.
Portage (electoral district)
Portage was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979.

This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Lisgar,  Portage—Neepawa, Selkirk, Springfield, and St. Boniface  ridings. It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Lisgar, Portage—Marquette, Winnipeg North, Selkirk—Interlake, Winnipeg North Centre and Winnipeg—Assiniboine ridings.

Portage—Marquette
Portage—Marquette was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1988.

This riding was created in 1976 from parts of Marquette and Portage ridings. It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Brandon—Souris, Dauphin—Swan River, Lisgar—Marquette, and Portage—Interlake ridings.
Meiko Satomura
Meiko Satomura (里村 明衣子, Satomura Meiko; born November 17, 1979) is a Japanese retired professional wrestler. She is known for her time in American promotion WWE and in Japanese promotion Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling. She is the former two-time Sendai Girls World Champion  and a former one-time NXT UK Women's Champion. Known in Japan as the "Yokozuna of the Women's Wrestling World" (女子プロレス界の横綱, Joshi puroresu-kai no yokozuna) and also known as the "Final Boss" of women's wrestling, she is characterized by her hard-hitting, traditionalist style of wrestling, having been trained by Chigusa Nagayo.

Satomura wrestled for 30 years in Japan and internationally, competing in promotions such as World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wonder Ring Stardom, and Chikara. She retired on April 29, 2025 in Korakuen Hall.

AAAW Tag Team Championship
The AAAW Tag Team Championship is a women's professional wrestling championship formerly contested in the Japanese women's professional wrestling promotion Gaea Japan. The title which was originally known as the AAAW Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship before weight classes were dropped in 1998, was abandoned when GAEA closed in 2005. It was revived in May 2022 and began being sanctioned by Marvelous That's Women Pro Wrestling ever since.
Wicking bed
A wicking bed is an agricultural  irrigation system used in arid countries where water is scarce, devised by Australian inventor Colin Austin. It can be used both in (arid) fields as in containers. Besides use in fields/containers outdoors, it can also be used indoors (i.e. greenhouse).

The system is designed to increase food production while using approximately 50% less water than traditional irrigation by utilizing underground water reservoirs filled with decomposing organic matter and the process of evaporation.

Despite being an irrigation system (which can even be fitted with automated refill capability via rainwater tank and float-valve), it remains relatively low-tech.

There are several commercially available wicking bed products, including recycled plastic wicking "cells" that are reported to reduce water use by up to 80% Archived 2020-03-25 at the Wayback Machine when compared to above ground irrigation

Sub-irrigated planter
Sub-irrigated planter (SIP) is a generic name for a special type of planting box used in container gardening and commercial landscaping. A SIP is any method of watering plants where the water is introduced from the bottom, allowing the water to soak upwards to the plant through capillary action. It is possible to automate the watering and thus SIPs are popular with professional landscapers in buildings or urban settings. Commercialized versions of a Sub-irrigated planter condenses humidity from the environment and feed it directly into the plants' roots. SIPs are available as commercial products or as do-it-yourself projects made from plastic buckets, boxes or storage totes. One of the disadvantages of such closed systems  is that soluble salts cannot be flushed into the lower soil profile and build up over time.
Bridgetown, Virginia
Bridgetown is an unincorporated community in Northampton County, Virginia, United States.

The locations Hungars Church, Vaucluse, Westerhouse House, Winona, and Chatham are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Westerhouse House
Westerhouse House is a historic home located near Bridgetown, Northampton County, Virginia. It dates to about 1700, and is a small, one-story, four-bay, farmhouse with a steep gable roof and asymmetrical elevations. It features an exterior end chimney with a heavy pyramidal base, long sloping tiled weatherings and squat free-standing stack.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
Edmonton-Highlands-Beverly
Edmonton-Highlands-Beverly was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting from 1993 to 1997.

Edmonton-Highlands-Beverly was contested only once, in 1993. It was created from most of Edmonton-Highlands and part of Edmonton-Beverly, and its name was changed back to Edmonton-Highlands in 1997, with no boundary changes.

Edmonton-Highlands
Edmonton-Highlands was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting from 1971 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 2004.
Melba (apple)
Melba is a Canadian cultivar of domesticated apple, which was developed by W. T. Macoun at the Central Experimental Farm, in Ottawa, Ontario by crossing a McIntosh with a Liveland Raspberry apple. It has a yellow skin washed with crimson colour. Flesh is extremely white, firm and crisp. Flavor is sweet with hints of tart. There is also a Red Melba (a.k.a. Melred) mutation which is more red coloured, flesh firmer, and is ripening a few days later in season.

This tree is very productive and can bear fruit at a young age, but has a biennial tendency and early harvest. Need high skill gardening but highly rewarded. It is mainly used for fresh eating.

McIntosh (apple)
The McIntosh ( /ˈmækɪnˌtɒʃ/ MAK-in-tosh), McIntosh Red, or colloquially the Mac, is a cultivated apple variety, designated the national apple of Canada. The fruit has red and green skin, a tart flavor, and tender white flesh, which ripens in late September.  An all-purpose apple, the McIntosh may be eaten raw, cooked, or used to make apple sauce.

John McIntosh discovered the original McIntosh sapling on his Dundela farm in Upper Canada in 1811. He and his wife cultivated it, and the family started grafting the tree and selling the fruit in 1835. In 1870, it entered commercial production, and became common in Ontario, Quebec, New England, and New York after 1900. While still produced in large quantities, the fruit's popularity fell in the early 21st century in the face of competition from varieties such as the Ambrosia, Gala, and Honeycrisp.

Jef Raskin, an employee at Apple Computer, named the Macintosh computer line—later abbreviated to "Mac" in 1999—after the cultivar.
Winding number
In mathematics, the winding number or winding index of a closed curve in the plane around a given point is an integer representing the total number of times that the curve travels counterclockwise around the point, i.e., the curve's number of turns. The winding number depends on the orientation of the curve, and it is negative if the curve travels around the point clockwise.

Winding numbers are fundamental objects of study in algebraic topology, and they play an important role in vector calculus, complex analysis, geometric topology, differential geometry, and physics (such as in string theory).

Point in polygon
In computational geometry, the point-in-polygon (PIP) problem asks whether a given point in the plane lies inside, outside, or on the boundary of a polygon. It is a special case of point location problems and finds applications in areas that deal with processing geometrical data, such as computer graphics, computer vision, geographic information systems (GIS), motion planning, and computer-aided design (CAD).

An early description of the problem in computer graphics shows two common approaches (ray casting and angle summation) in use as early as 1974.

An attempt of computer graphics veterans to trace the history of the problem and some tricks for its solution can be found in an issue of the Ray Tracing News.
Texas Charter Township, Michigan
Texas Charter Township is a charter township in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 17,691, up from 14,697 at the 2010 census. It encompasses the entire portion of the survey township T3S R12W.

The Texas Township Campus of Kalamazoo Valley Community College is located on the southern side of West O Avenue, just east of 8th Street South.

Kalamazoo County, Michigan
Kalamazoo County (/ˌkæləməˈzuː/ KAL-ə-mə-ZOO) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the population was 261,670. The county seat is Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo County is included in the Kalamazoo–Portage, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kyushu Expressway
Kyushu Expressway (九州自動車道, Kyūshū Jidōsha-dō) (Asian Highway Network  AH1) is one of the Expressways of Japan from Kitakyūshū (and the bridge to Honshū) to west of Kagoshima linking with the Higashikyushu Expressway and the Ibusuki Skyline.  It runs through the prefectures of Fukuoka, the eastern half of the Saga, Kumamoto, Miyazaki (Ebino only) and the Kagoshima prefectures.  The freeway runs entirely on the island of Kyūshū.  The total length is 346.2 km.  It does not cover Ōita or Nagasaki.

AH1
Asian Highway 1 (AH1) is the longest east–west route of the Asian Highway Network, running 20,557 km (12,774 mi) from Tokyo, Japan via the Korean Peninsula (South Korea and North Korea), China (Mainland China and Hong Kong), Mainland Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar), the South Asia (India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan), and the Iranian Plateau (Afghanistan and Iran) to the international border between Turkey and Bulgaria west of Istanbul where it joins European route E80, running all the way to Lisbon, Portugal.
Rhodotorulic acid
Rhodotorulic acid is the smallest of the 2,5-diketopiperazine family of hydroxamate siderophores which are high-affinity chelating agents for ferric iron, produced by bacterial and fungal phytopathogens for scavenging iron from the environment.  It is a tetradentate ligand, meaning it binds one iron atom in four locations (two hydroxamate and two lactam moieties), and forms Fe2(siderophore)3 complexes to fulfill an octahedral coordination for iron.

Rhodotorulic acid occurs in basidiomycetous yeasts and was found to retard the spore germination of the fungus Botrytis cinerea. In combination with yeast Rhodotorula glutinis it was found to be effective in the biocontrol of iprodione-resistant B. cinerea of apple wounds caused by the disease.

Siderophore
Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron. Although a widening range of siderophore functions is now being appreciated, siderophores are among the strongest (highest affinity) Fe3+ binding agents known. Phytosiderophores are siderophores produced by plants.
Josh Lyman
Joshua Lyman is a fictional character played by Bradley Whitford on the television drama series The West Wing. The role earned Whitford the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2001. For most of the series, he is White House Deputy Chief of Staff and Chief Political Advisor in the Josiah Bartlet administration.

Josh is portrayed as having one of the sharpest minds on the President's staff; he is a witty, somewhat cocky, boyishly charming know-it-all.

The West Wing season 7
The seventh and final season of the American political drama television series The West Wing aired in the United States on NBC from September 25, 2005, to May 14, 2006, and consisted of 22 episodes. The series changed time slots from Wednesdays at 9:00 pm to Sundays at 8:00 pm, and the series struggled in its new time slot against ABC's Extreme Makeover: Home Edition and CBS's Cold Case.
The Masque of Indian and China Knights
The Masque of Indian and China Knights was performed at Hampton Court in Richmond, England on 1 January 1604. The masque was not published, and no text survives. It was described in a letter written by Dudley Carleton. The historian Leeds Barroll prefers the title, Masque of the Orient Knights.

Running at the ring
Running at the ring, riding at the ring or tilting at the ring is an equestrian tournament activity originally practiced at European royal courts and likely derived from other lance games like quintain. It gained new popularity at Natural Chimneys near Mount Solon, Virginia, possibly as early as the 1820s, and since 1962, has been the state sport of Maryland. A similar contest, the corrida de sortija, is held in Argentina where it is considered a gaucho sport derived from the Spanish tradition of medieval tournaments.