hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of the West of Scotland
The University of the West of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh na h-Alba an Iar), formerly the University of Paisley, is a public university with four campuses in south-western Scotland, in the towns of Paisley, Blantyre, Dumfries and Ayr, as well as a campus in London, England. The present institution dates from August 2007, following the merger of the University of Paisley with Bell College, Hamilton. It can trace its roots to the late 19th century, and has undergone numerous name changes and mergers over the last century, reflecting its gradual expansion throughout the west of Scotland region.

The university currently has 16,105 students, with approximately 1300 staff, spread across four schools of learning. The Crichton Campus in Dumfries is maintained in partnership with a number of other institutions, including the University of Glasgow.

The Crichton
The Crichton is an institutional campus in Dumfries in southwest Scotland. It serves as a remote campus for the University of Glasgow, the University of the West of Scotland, Dumfries and Galloway College, and the Open University. The site also includes a hotel and conference centre, and Crichton Memorial Church, set in a 100-acre (40-hectare) park. The campus was established in the 19th century as the Crichton Royal Hospital, a psychiatric hospital.
Yogi Berra Stadium
Yogi Berra Stadium is a baseball stadium in Little Falls, New Jersey, on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team, which competes in NCAA Division III; the NJIT  Highlanders baseball team which competes in NCAA Division I; and the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which adjoins the stadium on its first base side. It was formerly home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Frontier League from 1998 to 2022 and the part-time home of the NY/NJ Comets of National Pro Fastpitch in 2013. In 2001, the stadium was the home field of the New Jersey Pride of Major League Lacrosse in their inaugural season.

Little Falls, New Jersey
Little Falls is a township in Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township was named after a waterfall on the Passaic River at a dam near Beattie Mill. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 13,360, a decrease of 1,072 (−7.4%) from the 2010 census count of 14,432, which in turn reflected an increase of 3,577 (+33.0%) from the 10,855 counted in the 2000 census.
Fort Washington Collegiate Church
40°51′03″N 73°56′15″W﻿ / ﻿40.850966°N 73.937569°W﻿ / 40.850966; -73.937569

Fort Washington Collegiate Church is a Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church located at Magaw Place and 181st Street in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.

The congregation's Country Gothic style building was designed by the architecture firm Nelson & Van Wagenen, and constructed in 1908–9 as an outreach of the West End Collegiate Church, at a time when the area was a suburb of New York City. It became a full member of the Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in 1916, along with the Marble, Middle and West End Collegiate Churches.  Ft. Washington Collegiate incorporates the congregation of the Hamilton Grange Reformed Church and former members of the Harlem Reformed Dutch Church.

The church carried out a major renovation and expansion of its buildings beginning in 2013.

Marble Collegiate Church
The Marble Collegiate Church, founded in 1628, is one of the oldest continuous Protestant congregations in North America. The congregation, which is part of two denominations in the Reformed tradition—the United Church of Christ and the Reformed Church in America—is located at 272 Fifth Avenue at the corner of West 29th Street in the NoMad neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was built in 1851–54 and was designed by Samuel A. Warner in Romanesque Revival style with Gothic trim. The façade is covered in Tuckahoe marble, for which the church, originally called the Fifth Avenue Church, was renamed in 1906.

The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1967, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Naval Base Woodlark Island
Naval Base Woodlark Island was a United States Navy base built during World War II on Woodlark Island on Papua New Guinea. The US Navy built a PT boat base, boat repair depot, and harbor facilities at the city of Guasopa to support the Pacific War in 1943. The Harbor facilities was also built to support the US Navy in building the Narewa Airfield on the island. The base was part of the New Guinea campaign.

Woodlark Island
Woodlark Island, known to its inhabitants simply as Woodlark  or Muyua, is the main island of the Woodlark Islands archipelago, located in Milne Bay Province and the Solomon Sea, Papua New Guinea.

Although no formal census has been conducted since 1990, the current population is estimated at approximately 6,000 people (see section below on Population Issues). There is one primary school on the island (in Kulumadau) that teaches about 200 students (60 students are from outer islands); to attend high school/secondary school, all children must travel to Alotau on the mainland.
Students Circle Network
Students Circle Network was a global social networking service for university and secondary school students that provided over 10,400 academic courses of various levels from over 200 OpenCourseWare members worldwide, as well as study groups in various academic disciplines with online chat, and social-network games. The platform was an OpenCourseWare consortium member.

The platform was free to students studying business, computing, engineering, sciences and humanities. It had members from over 120 countries and 200 universities as well as many secondary schools. Membership was open to students, researchers, and teachers. It was self-funded.

Users were able to create a "something akin to a Facebook profile for [their] academic interests".

OpenCourseWare
OpenCourseWare (OCW) are course lessons created at universities and published for free via the Internet. OCW projects first appeared in the late 1990s, and after gaining traction in Europe and then the United States have become a worldwide means of delivering educational content.
Puzzling World
Puzzling World is a tourist attraction near Wānaka, New Zealand. It began as a single storey maze in 1973, gradually expanding to become an award-winning complex of optical illusions and puzzling rooms and the world's first 3-D maze. Puzzling World is well known for its Leaning Tower of Wanaka and eccentric lavatory styled as a Roman bathroom. As of 2020 Puzzling World had received in excess of 4 million visitors and was attracting around 200,000 people a year.

Wānaka
Wānaka (Māori pronunciation: [ˈwaːnaka] ⓘ) is a popular ski and summer resort town in the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand. At the southern end of Lake Wānaka, it is at the start of the Clutha River and is the gateway to Mount Aspiring National Park.

Wānaka is primarily a resort town with both summer and winter seasons. Its economy is based on the many outdoor opportunities this offers.

Historically, Māori visited the Wānaka area to hunt and fish in summer, or on their way to seek pounamu (greenstone) on the West Coast. Ngāi Tahu abandoned their seasonal camps after a raid by a North Island war party in 1836.

Along with the rest of the Queenstown-Lakes District, Wānaka is growing rapidly, with the population increasing by 50% between 2005 and 2015.
Taghenkuh-e Jonubi Rural District
Taghenkuh-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان طاغنكوه جنوبي) is in Taghenkuh District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Shur Gesht. It was previously administered from the city of Garmab.

Shur Gesht
Shur Gesht (Persian: شورگشت) is a village in, and the capital of, Taghenkuh-e Jonubi Rural District in Taghenkuh District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Garmab.
Nagatinsky constituency
The Nagatinsky constituency (No.201) is a Russian legislative constituency in Moscow. The constituency covers inner parts of Southern, South-Western and South-Eastern Moscow.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Svetlana Razvorotneva, Member of Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation and housing advocate, who won the open seat, succeeding five-term United Russia incumbent Yelena Panina.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Streptogramin
Streptogramins are a class of antibiotics. They work as protein synthesis inhibitors.

Streptogramins are effective in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), two of the most rapidly growing strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria. They fall into two groups: streptogramin A (23-membered macrolide) and streptogramin B (depsipeptide). The two groups act synergistically. They are naturally produced in a 3:7 ratio; most formulations keep this ratio.

Members include:

Quinupristin/dalfopristin, made by chemically modifying pristinamycin (semisynthesis)

Pristinamycin, made by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis

Virginiamycin, made by Streptomyces virginiae and others

Linopristin/flopristin, made by semisynthesis. experimental streptogramin in clinical trials for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

Etamycin, a streptogramin B.

Linopristin/flopristin
Linopristin/flopristin (development codes NXL103 and XRP 2868) is an experimental drug candidate under development by Novexel.  It is an oral streptogramin antibiotic that has potent in vitro activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the important respiratory pathogens including penicillin-, macrolide- and quinolone-resistant strains.  It is a combination of linopristin and flopristin.
Finnish Aviation Academy
Finnish Aviation Academy Ltd (Finnish: Suomen Ilmailuopisto Oy, FINAA for short) is an aviation school based in Pori, Finland. It is located near the Pori Airport. The academy is a private school owned by the state of Finland, the national airline Finnair and the city of Pori.

Pori Airport
Pori Airport (Finnish: Porin lentoasema) (IATA: POR, ICAO: EFPO) is an airport in Pori, Finland. The airport is located 1.4 nautical miles (2.6 km; 1.6 mi) south of the Pori town centre. It has two check-in desks, and a cafeteria service. During 2011 Pori Airport served 54,056 passengers, an increase of 25.2% from previous year. However, in 2014 it was down to 24 983.
Mount Ryōzen
Mount Ryōzen (霊山, Ryōzen) is a mountain on the border of Sōma and the former town of Ryōzen, in Date, Fukushima. It is 825 metres (2,707 ft) in height. Along the hiking trail are the sites of what were Ryōzen Temple and Ryōzen Castle. The mountain is listed as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan in a contest sponsored by the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun and Osaka Mainichi Shimbun. It is also a national Place of Scenic Beauty as determined by the Agency for Cultural Affairs in Japan and is noted for its autumn foliage and a National Historic Site of Japan.

Date, Fukushima
Date (伊達市, Date-shi; [date]) is a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2026, the city had an estimated population of 55,004 in 23,314 households and a population density of 219 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 265.10 square kilometres (102.36 sq mi).
Crow Observatory
Crow Observatory is a historic observatory housed in the Crow Hall in the Physics Department on the Danforth Campus of Washington University in St. Louis. The historic telescope is still in use, and the observatory is open to the public.

Danforth Campus
The Danforth Campus is the main campus at Washington University in St. Louis. Formerly known as the Hilltop Campus, it was officially dedicated as the Danforth Campus on September 17, 2006, in honor of William H. Danforth, the 13th chancellor of the university, the Danforth family and the Danforth Foundation. Distinguished by its collegiate gothic architecture, the 169-acre (0.68 km2) campus lies at the western boundary of Forest Park, partially in the City of St. Louis.

Most of the campus (including almost all academic and administrative buildings) is in a small enclave of unincorporated St. Louis County, while eastern parts are in St. Louis City. All the campus area south of Forsyth Boulevard (mostly student housing) (the South 40 Campus and the former Fontbonne University), is in suburban Clayton.
July Revolution
The July Revolution (French: Révolution de Juillet), also known as the French Revolution of 1830, Second French Revolution, or les Trois Glorieuses ("the Three Glorious [Days]"), was a second French Revolution after the first of 1789–99. It led to the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans.

The 1830 Revolution marked a shift from that point on as the constitutional monarchy was restored with the July Monarchy; the transition of power from the House of Bourbon to its cadet branch, the House of Orléans; and the replacement of the principle of hereditary right by that of popular sovereignty. Supporters of the Bourbons would be called Legitimists, and supporters of Louis Philippe were known as Orléanists. In addition, there continued to be Bonapartists supporting the return of Napoleon's heirs. After 18 precarious years on the throne, Louis-Philippe was overthrown in the French Revolution of 1848.

Tuileries Palace
The Tuileries Palace (French: palais des Tuileries, [palɛ de tɥilʁi]) was a palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the Seine, directly in the west-front of the Louvre Palace. It was the Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from Henri IV to Napoleon III, until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871 and demolished in 1883.

Construction began in 1564, originally to serve as a home for Queen Catherine de' Medici, and was gradually extended until it closed off the western end of the courtyard and displayed an immense façade of 266 metres. Since the destruction of the Tuileries, the courtyard has remained open to the west, and the site now overlooks the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden, forming an elevated terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper.
Carbocisteine
Carbocisteine, also called carbocysteine, is a mucolytic that reduces the viscosity of sputum and so can be used to help relieve the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and bronchiectasis by allowing the sufferer to bring up sputum more easily. Carbocisteine should not be used with antitussives (cough suppressants) or medicines that dry up bronchial secretions.

It was first described in 1951 and came into medical use in 1960. Carbocisteine is produced by the alkylation of cysteine with chloroacetic acid.

Mucoactive agent
Mucoactive agents are a class of pharmacologic agents that include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, and mucokinetics that can affect the volume, viscosity, transportation, and composition of mucus or sputum. They often aid in clearing mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways. These medications are used to treat respiratory diseases complicated by the oversecretion or inspissation of mucus. These drugs can be further categorized by their mechanism of action.
Fadi Akiki
Fadi Akiki is a Lebanese military judge who has served as the Government Commissioner to the Military Court. His tenure has been marked by significant controversy, particularly regarding his perceived alignment with Hezbollah and his involvement in politically sensitive cases.

2025 Beirut riots
On February 14–15, 2025, demonstrations involving road blockades, vandalism and attacks, took place by Hezbollah supporters mostly on the airport road following a blockade of an Mahan Air flight from Tehran to Beirut. The assault by Hezbollah supporters resulted in the injury of 23 soldiers of the Lebanese Army, UNIFIL Major General Chok Bahadur Dhakal of Nepal, and the torching of a UN vehicle.
Beatnik Filmstars
Beatnik Filmstars were a British Lo-fi pop group formed in Bristol in 1990. After splitting up in 1998, going on to side projects Kyoko and Bluebear, they re-formed in 2004, releasing several more albums before splitting again in 2008.

The Track & Field Organisation
The Track & Field Organization is a London-based independent record label, founded in 1999 by Steven Drew, Paul Wright and Russel Duke. The label's first release was Kicker's "Said and Done" / "Chancifer" single, in April 2000, and The Tyde's debut album, Once, in March 2001.
Lloyd M. Trefethen
Lloyd MacGregor Trefethen (March 15, 1919 – November 6, 2001) was an American expert in fluid dynamics known for his invention of the heat pipe and his research on the Coriolis effect and card shuffling. He was for many years a professor of mechanical engineering at Tufts University.

Nick Trefethen
Lloyd Nicholas Trefethen FRS (born 30 August 1955) is an American mathematician, professor of numerical analysis and until 2023 head of the Numerical Analysis Group at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford. He was elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2025.
Valet parking
Valet parking is a parking service offered by some restaurants, stores, and other businesses. In contrast to "self-parking", where customers find a parking space on their own, customers' vehicles are parked for them by a person called a valet. This service either requires a fee to be paid by the customer or is offered free of charge by the establishment.

Parking space
A parking space, parking place or parking spot is a location that is designated for parking, either paved or unpaved. It can be in a parking garage, in a parking lot or on a city street. The space may be delineated by road surface markings. The automobile fits inside the space, either by parallel parking, perpendicular parking or angled parking.

If in tandem parking. Whoever pulled in the tandem parking stall first is now technically in the back. The second car, is now in the front since they have to leave first.

Depending on the location of the parking space, the time allowed to park may be fixed by regulation, and a fee may be required to use the parking space. It may be designated for free parking. When the demand for spaces outstrips supply, vehicles may overspill park onto the sidewalk, grass verges and other places which were not designed for the purpose.
2012 New Zealand Warriors season
The New Zealand Warriors 2012 season is the New Zealand Warriors 18th first-grade season. The club is competing in Australasia's National Rugby League. The coach of the team was Brian McClennan, until he was sacked on 21 August after Round 22, while Simon Mannering is the club's captain. Assistant Coach Tony Iro was appointed caretaker coach for the final two matches.

Brian McClennan
Brian "Bluey" McClennan (born 16 February 1962) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer and coach. He was previously the head coach of the New Zealand national team (with whom he won the 2005 Tri-nations) and then England's Leeds Rhinos club (with whom he won the 2008 and 2009 Super League championships).

McClennan also coached the Exiles team in the inaugural International Origin match in 2011 before being appointed head coach of National Rugby League club, the New Zealand Warriors but failing to complete the first season of his contract. McClennan is the son of former St. Helens coach Mike McClennan.
Setkya Min
Maha Thiha Thura Dhammaraja (Burmese: မဟာသီဟသူရဓမ္မရာဇာ, Pali: Mahāsīhasūra dhammarājā; born Phe Khin; 27 October 1812 – 4 April 1839), commonly known as Setkya Min (Sekkyaa Minn, Burmese: စကြာမင်း; meaning Chakravarti) or the Prince of Nyaungyan (Burmese: ညောင်ရမ်းမင်းသား), was an heir apparent of Burma and son of King Bagyidaw and his consort Hsinbyume. He is worshipped as a weizza along with Bo Bo Aung.

Weizza
A weizza or weikza (Burmese: ဝိဇ္ဇာ, Pali: vijjādhara) is a mystic in Burmese Buddhism commonly associated with esoteric and heterodox practices such as recitation of spells, samatha, and alchemy. The goal of this practice is to achieve immortality and await the appearance of the future Buddha, Metteya.

Weikza practices are less common than merit-making practices or vipassanā meditation. During the socialist era from 1962 to 1988, Ne Win banned secret weizza associations, weizza magazines and literature, and portrayals of weizza from films and other media, but the concept has made a resurgence since 1988, particularly following the abolition of the national censorship board in 2012. Burmese pagodas often house weizza shrines, where they are venerated for their spiritual purity and their devotion to those in need. Weizza teachers have also amassed hundreds of thousands of followers using social media.
Vili and Vé
In Norse mythology, Vili (/ˈvɪli/ VILL-ee; Old Norse: [ˈwile]) and Vé (/ˈveɪ/ VAY; O.N.: [ˈweː]) are the brothers of the god Odin (from Old Norse Óðinn), sons of Bestla, daughter of Bölþorn; and Borr, son of Búri.

In Gylfaginning (Prose Edda), Odin, Vili and Ve created the world from the primordial giant Ymir. Afterwards they create the first human beings, Ask and Embla, from two trees found at the seashore. ''

In Völuspá, the names Hœnir and Lóðurr are mentioned instead of Vili and Ve. As Snorri Sturluson knew Völuspá, it is not unreasonable that Hœnir was another name for Vili, and Lóðurr would be Ve.

Vé (shrine)
In Germanic paganism, a vé (Old Norse: [ˈweː]) or wēoh (Old English) is a type of shrine, sacred enclosure or other place with religious significance. The term appears in skaldic poetry and in place names in Scandinavia (with the exception of Iceland), often in connection with an Old Norse deity or a geographic feature.
David Kipen
David Kipen (born August 14, 1963) is an author, critic, broadcaster, arts administrator, full-time UCLA writing faculty member and nonprofit bilingual lending librarian. His fiction and nonfiction have appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle, The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, Alta Magazine, The Atlantic Monthly, OZY.com and elsewhere. The former literature director of the National Endowment for the Arts, he lives in his native Southern California.

Schreiber theory
The Schreiber theory is a writer-centered approach to film criticism and film theory which holds that the principal author of a film is generally the screenwriter rather than the director. The term was coined by David Morris Kipen, Director of Literature at the US National Endowment for the Arts.
Nishon District
Nishon District is a district of Qashqadaryo Region in Uzbekistan. The capital lies at Yangi Nishon. It has an area of 2,110 km2 (810 sq mi) and its population is 155,500 (2021 est.). The district consists of two cities (Yangi Nishon and Tallimarjon), 9 urban-type settlements (Nuriston, Nishon, Guliston, Oq oltin, Sardoba, Paxtachi, Oydin, Samarqand, Paxtaobod) and 8 rural communities.

Yangi Nishon
Yangi Nishon (Uzbek: Yangi Nishon, Russian: Янги Нишан) is a city in Nishon District of Qashqadaryo Region in Uzbekistan. It is the administrative center of Nishon District. Its population was 9,800 in 2003, and 13,300 in 2016.