hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trastevere
Trastevere (Italian: [trasˈteːvere]) is the 13th rione of Rome, Italy. It is identified by the initials R. XIII and it is located within Municipio I. Its name comes from Latin trans Tiberim (lit. 'beyond the Tiber').

Its coat of arms depicts a golden head of a lion on a red background, the meaning of which is uncertain.

Santa Maria in Trastevere
Santa Maria in Trastevere (Italian: Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere) is a titular church and minor basilica located in Trastevere, Rome. Traditionally considered one of the oldest churches in the city dedicated to the Virgin Mary, it has served as a cardinal titular church since the 3rd century. The present basilica, largely rebuilt under Pope Innocent II in the 12th century, is renowned for its medieval mosaics, Baroque interior, and the Madonna delle Clemenza. Today, it remains a vibrant parish and a traditional site of pilgrimage, especially during Marian feasts such as the Assumption on 15 August.
Journal-Express
The Journal-Express was a weekly newspaper in Knoxville, Iowa. Its publication was discontinued in May 2020, when it was merged with The Oskaloosa Herald, making it one of 16 publications shut down by owner CNHI due to business losses associated with the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

It was published on Friday, and had a circulation of 2,034 two years before it was discontinued.

The original Knoxville Journal was founded in 1855 by William Milo Stone, later a Civil War hero and Iowa governor. In those years, the paper expressed the growing sentiments of a newly minted Republican party. The name Express was added after mergers built out of the old Marion County Democrat paper, founded in 1865, which itself had evolved into the Marion County Express in 1879.

The Oskaloosa Herald
The Oskaloosa Herald is a weekly newspaper published in Oskaloosa, Iowa, and covering Mahaska County, Iowa and Marion County, Iowa. The newspaper publishes weekly on Saturdays, and also publishes the Oskaloosa Shopper. It is owned by CNHI.
Brother Cadfael's Penance
Brother Cadfael's Penance is a medieval mystery novel set in the autumn of 1145 by Ellis Peters. It is the last novel in the Cadfael Chronicles, first published in 1994.

When a rebellion arises in the south, Cadfael leaves the Shrewsbury Abbey cloister to save two who are dear to him. One is the son he has not yet acknowledged, held prisoner by a disillusioned knight.

The novel received strongly positive reviews when it was published, and some noted the increasing sales of books in the series. It was "moving and suspenseful", "one of Cadfael's most moving adventures".

Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester
Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester (1104 – 5 April 1168) was Justiciar of England 1155–1168.

The surname "de Beaumont" was given to him by genealogists. The only known contemporary surname applied to him is "Robert son of Count Robert". Henry Knighton, a fourteenth-century chronicler, calls him Robert "Le Bossu" (meaning "Robert the Hunchback" in French). The manuscript Genelogies of the Erles of Lecestre and Chester states that he was "surnamed Boissu", and mentions him by the names Robert Boissu, Robert Beamond and Robert Beaumonde.
St Luke's Church, Chelsea
The Parish Church of St Luke, Chelsea, is an Anglican church, on Sydney Street, Chelsea, London SW3, just off the King's Road. Ecclesiastically it is in the Deanery of Chelsea, part of the Diocese of London. It was designed by James Savage in 1819 and is of architectural significance as one of the earliest Gothic Revival churches in London, perhaps the earliest to be a complete new construction. St Luke's is one of the first group of Commissioners' churches, having received a grant of £8,333 towards its construction with money voted by Parliament as a result of the Church Building Act 1818.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. The gardens of St Luke's are Grade II listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Sydney Street
Sydney Street is a street in Chelsea, London. It runs roughly north to south from Fulham Road to King's Road. There are numerous listed buildings in the street, including St Luke's Church, where Charles Dickens was married.

The Chelsea College of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering was at no 102, and is now Scorpio House.

The Royal Brompton Hospital, the UK's largest specialist heart and lung medical centre is in Sydney Street.
Cowlitz County, Washington
Cowlitz County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 110,730. The county seat is Kelso, and its largest city is Longview. The county was formed in April 1854. Its name derives from the anglicized version of the Cowlitz Indian term Cow-e-liske, meaning either 'river of shifting sands' or 'capturing the medicine spirit.' Cowlitz comprises the Longview, WA Metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined statistical area.

Eufaula, Washington
Eufaula is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington. Eufaula is located northwest of the city of Longview, reached by traveling westbound out of the city along Washington State Route 4, also known as Ocean Beach Highway, turning north onto Coal Creek Road and then Harmony Drive.

The Eufaula community is part of the Longview School District, a K-12 school district of about 6,600 students.
Bremen (aircraft)
The Bremen is a German Junkers W 33 aircraft that made the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west on April 12 and 13, 1928.

After weather delays lasting 17 days,: 52  the Bremen left Baldonnel Aerodrome, Ireland, on April 12 with a three man crew, arriving at Greenly Island, Canada,  on April 13, after a flight fraught with difficult conditions and compass problems.

Owner Ehrenfried Günther Freiherr von Hünefeld, a wealthy German aristocrat, and pilot Captain Hermann Köhl had made an all-German attempt at the feat in 1927, but had to abandon it due to bad weather. For this new attempt, they were joined by a third crewman, Irish navigator Major James Fitzmaurice. Fitzmaurice had also previously attempted the crossing, as co-pilot of the Princess Xenia (aircraft) with Robert Henry McIntosh, but they had to abandon the attempt due to high headwinds in September 1927.: 52

Transatlantic flight
A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa, South Asia, or the Middle East to North America, South America, or vice versa. Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, balloons and other aircraft.

Early aircraft engines had neither the reliability nor the power to lift the required fuel to make a transatlantic flight. There were difficulties navigating over the featureless expanse of water for thousands of kilometres, and the weather, especially in the North Atlantic, is unpredictable. Since the middle of the 20th century, however, transatlantic flight has become routine, for commercial, military, diplomatic, and other purposes.
Mary Rockwell Hook
Mary Rockwell Hook (September 8, 1877 – September 8, 1978) was an American architect and a pioneer for women in architecture. She worked principally from Kansas City, Missouri but designed throughout the United States.  She was denied admission to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) due to her gender.

However, she did obtain recognition for her work, including by the AIA, later, on her 100th birthday.  And according to an article in the newsletter of the International Archive of Women in Architecture, "Mary Rockwell Hook will be remembered, not because she was a woman working in a 'man's field,' but because she was a successful designer who made her mark in the field of architecture." Between 1910–30, there were actually five women who worked as architects in the Kansas City area. Hook was the only one to achieve any wider recognition.: 24

Pine Mountain Settlement School
The Pine Mountain Settlement School is a historic cultural and educational institution in rural Harlan County, Kentucky.  Founded in 1913 as a settlement school near Bledsoe, it now focuses on classes related to the culture of Appalachia and environmental education.  It first operated as a boarding grade school for students of the rural region, then in 1930 shifted to operating as a boarding school for high school students. In the later 20th century, it was integrated into the Harlan County Public School System. Its campus is designated as a National Historic Landmark District, for its role as the first major effort to adapt urban settlement reform work into a rural setting.
Bill Bidwill
William Vogel Bidwill (July 31, 1931 – October 2, 2019) was an American businessman and the owner of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He had co-owned the team from 1962 for ten seasons with his brother  Charles Jr. and had been sole owner from 1972 until his death in 2019.

The team has been owned by the Bidwill family since 1932. Bill’s father, Charles Sr., purchased the then-Chicago Cardinals for $50K (the equivalent of ~$918K in 2018).

1972 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season
The 1972 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 53rd year with the National Football League and thirteenth in St. Louis. On September 2, Bill Bidwill purchased the stock of his brother Charles "Stormy" Bidwill to become sole owner of the Cardinals. The adopted sons of Charles and Violet Bidwill, the two had co-owned the team since their mother's death in January 1962.

After starting at 2–2, with wins over 1970 and 1971 playoff participants Baltimore and Minnesota, the Cardinals went 0–7–1, then won their final two games over the Rams and Eagles to finish at 4–9–1 for the second consecutive season and third time in the past four.

Second-year head coach Bob Hollway was fired on December 18, the day after the regular season finale, and succeeded a month later by San Diego State head coach Don Coryell.
Charles Collett
Charles Benjamin Collett OBE JP MInstCE MIMechE (10 September 1871 – 5 April 1952) was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Great Western Railway from 1922 to 1941. He designed (amongst others) the GWR's 4-6-0 Castle and King Class express passenger locomotives.

GWR 7200 Class
The Great Western Railway (GWR) 7200 Class is a class of 2-8-2T steam locomotive.  They were the only 2-8-2Ts built and used by a British railway, and the largest tank engines to run on the Great Western Railway.
Bømla Bridge
The Bømla Bridge (Norwegian: Bømlabrua) is a suspension bridge which crosses Spissøysundet between the islands of Nautøya in Stord Municipality and Spissøya in Bømlo Municipality, Norway. The bridge is 998 meters (3,274 ft) long, has a main span of 577 meters (1,893 ft) and a clearance below of 36 meters (118 ft). It carries two lanes of County Road 542 (former National Road 542) and a combined pedestrian and bicycle pathway. It is part of the Triangle Link, a fixed link which connects Stord to Bømlo, and both to the mainland in Sveio Municipality. Plans for a crossing arose in the 1960s, and was until the 1990s planned as a pontoon bridge further north. The Bømla Bridge entered the plans after the decision to combine the crossing with the Bømlafjord Tunnel. Construction started in 1999; the bridge cost 342 million Norwegian krone (NOK) and was opened for use on 30 April 2001. The bridge is a toll road.

Spyssøya
Spyssøya is an island in Bømlo Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 1.5-square-kilometre (0.58 sq mi) island lies at the confluence of the Stokksund strait and the Hardangerfjorden.  he island of Bømlo lies to the northwest, the island of Moster lies to the southwest, the island of Otterøya lies to the southeast, and the island of Nautøya lies to the northeast. Spyssøya is connected to the island of Bømlo by the Spissøy Bridge and to the island of Nautøya via the Bømla Bridge. Permanent inhabitants on the small island were few until the bridges were built. Since that time, the island's population has been increasing.
Louis Hayes
Louis Hayes (born May 31, 1937) is an American jazz drummer and band leader. He was with McCoy Tyner's trio for more than three years. Since 1989 he has led his own band, and together with Vincent Herring formed the Cannonball Legacy Band. He is part of the NEA Jazz Masters awards class of 2023.

NEA Jazz Masters
The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) every year honors up to seven jazz musicians with Jazz Master Awards. The National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Fellowships are the self-proclaimed highest honors that the United States bestows upon jazz musicians. The award is usually given late in a performer's career after they have long established themselves.
Pentagon station
Pentagon station is a split platform station on the Washington Metro located adjacent to The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The station was opened on July 1, 1977, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Providing service for both the Blue and Yellow Lines, the station is where the two lines diverge and thus acts as a transfer point. Northbound, both lines rise above ground, with the Blue Line serving the Arlington Cemetery station, and the Yellow Line crossing the Potomac River into the District of Columbia.

The station opened on July 1, 1977 with the completion of 11.8 miles (19.0 km) of rail between National Airport and RFK Stadium.

Photography is not allowed anywhere inside the station or on station grounds.

Pentagon Renovation Program
The Pentagon Renovation Program (PENREN) was a long-term project by the United States Department of Defense to perform a complete slab-to-slab renovation of the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The program began in the 1990s, and was completed in June 2011.

The full-scale renovation became necessary because by the mid-1990s, the Pentagon had never undergone a major renovation and building systems had deteriorated beyond repair, requiring complete replacement. Asbestos throughout the building made almost any building work complex and disruptive.

The Defense Authorization Act of 1991 transferred control of the Pentagon Reservation from the General Services Administration to the Department of Defense, and established the Pentagon Reservation Maintenance Revolving Fund, designed to fund Pentagon renovations. This move enabled the Secretary of Defense to determine rental rates for Pentagon tenants to help fund the renovation.
West Clarkston-Highland, Washington
West Clarkston-Highland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Asotin County, Washington, United States. It is part of the Lewiston, ID-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 5,488 at the 2020 census.

Lewiston–Clarkston metropolitan area
The Lewiston–Clarkston metropolitan area—colloquially referred to as the Lewiston–Clarkston Valley or Lewis–Clark Valley (often abbreviated as LC Valley), and officially known as the Lewiston, ID–WA Metropolitan Statistical Area—is a metropolitan area comprising Nez Perce County, Idaho, and Asotin County, Washington. The metro is anchored by the cities of Lewiston, Idaho, and Clarkston, Washington—named after  Meriwether Lewis and William Clark,  respectively. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 60,888 (though a July 1, 2011 estimate placed the population at 61,476), making it the 4th smallest metropolitan area in the United States.
Mass deacidification
Mass deacidification is a term used in library and information science as one possible measure against the degradation of paper in old books, the so-called "slow fires". The goal of the process is to increase the pH of acidic paper. Although acid-free paper has become more common, a large body of acidic paper still exists in books made after the 1850s; this is because of its cheaper and simpler production methods. Acidic paper, especially when exposed to light, air pollution, or high relative humidity, yellows and becomes brittle over time. During mass deacidification an alkaline agent is deposited in the paper to neutralize existing acid and prevent further decay. Mass deacidification is intended for objects on acidic paper that will be lost if no action is performed.

Slow fire
Slow fire or acid decay is a term used in library and information science to describe paper embrittlement resulting from acid decay. The term is taken from the title of Terry Sanders's 1987 film Slow Fires: On the preservation of the human record.

Solutions to this problem include the use of acid-free paper stocks, format shifting brittle books by microfilming, photocopying or digitization, and a variety of deacidification techniques.
John Stephen Akhwari
John Stephen Akhwari (born 1938 in Mbulu, Tanganyika) is a Tanzanian former marathon runner from the Iraqw tribe. He represented Tanzania internationally and was an African champion in the event.

He gained worldwide fame for completing the men's marathon in last place despite serious injury at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Iraqw people
The Iraqw people (/ɪˈrɑːkuː/) are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the northern Tanzanian regions. They dwell in southwestern Arusha and Manyara regions of Tanzania, near the Rift Valley. The Iraqw people then settled in the southeast of Ngorongoro Crater in northern Karatu District, Arusha Region, where the majority of them still reside. In the Manyara region, the Iraqw  are a major ethnic group, specifically in Mbulu District, Babati District and Hanang District.
Lyubomir Ivanov (explorer)
Lyubomir Ivanov (Bulgarian: Любомир Иванов, born 7 October 1952 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian scientist, non-governmental activist, and Antarctic explorer.  He is a graduate of the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia with M.S. degree in mathematics in 1977. He earned his PhD from Sofia University in 1980, under the direction of Dimiter Skordev with a dissertation titled Iterative Operative Spaces, and was the 1987 winner of Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.

Tangra 2004/05
The Tangra 2004/05 Expedition was commissioned by the Antarctic Place-names Commission at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria, managed by the Manfred Wörner Foundation, and supported by the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute, the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Posts, Uruguayan Antarctic Institute, Peregrine Shipping (Australia), and Petrol Ltd, TNT, Mtel, Bulstrad, Polytours, B. Bekyarov and B. Chernev (Bulgaria).
Mobile dial code
A mobile dial code (MDC) is a grouping of 3 to 10 numbers following either a "#", "##", "*" or "**" used to create a short, easy-to-remember phone number. Historically, MDCs were used for repair-related purposes by landline and wireless carriers. More recently, MDCs have been made available for commercial use. MDCs are dialed just like a regular telephone number. Businesses can send automatic responses upon contact, such as by text message.

Abbreviated dialing
Abbreviated dialing is the use of a very short digit sequence to reach specific telephone numbers, such as those of public services. The purpose of such numbers is to be universal, short, and easy to remember. Typically they are two or three digits.

Carriers refer to the shortened number sequences as abbreviated dialing codes (ADCs). Unlike SMS short codes, they are generally not automatically synchronized across carriers.  ADCs are provisioned separately for mobile networks versus landline networks.
Djurgården ferry
The Djurgården ferry (Swedish: Djurgårdsfärjan) is an inner city ferry route in Stockholm, Sweden. It runs from a terminal near Slussen, in the old town of Gamla Stan, to Allmänna gränd on the island of Djurgården, with an optional stop at the island of Skeppsholmen. The service is integrated into Stockholm's public transport system, as route 82, and accepts all the relevant tickets of Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL).

It is operated on behalf of SL by Waxholmsbolaget and its sub-contractors, Djurgårdens Färjetrafik.

All of the ferry's stops are close to visitor attractions, with the Slussen terminal close to the old city centre and the Royal Palace, the Skeppsholmen stop near to the Moderna Museet, and the Djurgården terminal close to the Gröna Lund amusement park, the Vasa Museum and the Skansen open-air museum.

Slussen
59°19′16.2″N 18°4′21.5″E﻿ / ﻿59.321167°N 18.072639°E﻿ / 59.321167; 18.072639

Slussen (lit. 'The Sluice') is an area in Stockholm, Sweden, located at the northern edge of Södermalm, adjacent to Gamla stan. It is known for its locks system between Lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea, as well as its historic role as a major transport interchange. The Slussen area includes the Slussen metro station and Saltsjöbanan terminus, and a bus terminal.

The boundary between Uppland and Södermanland runs through the area.
St George's Anglican Church, Beenleigh
St George's Anglican Church is a heritage-listed former church in the Beenleigh Historical Village, Main Street, Beenleigh, City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built in 1875 by Wohlsen and Ehlers. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Beenleigh, Queensland
Beenleigh is a town and suburb in the City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Beenleigh had a population of 8,425 people.

A government survey for the new town was conducted in 1866. The town is the terminus for the Beenleigh railway line, which first opened in 1885 and a stop on the South Coast railway line, which reached Southport in 1889.  Beenleigh was the administrative centre of the former Shire of Albert.  It is known for the heritage-listed tourist attraction called the Beenleigh Artisan Distillery. In recent years it has seen many high rise developments.
Marion Nunataks
The Marion Nunataks are a small group of nunataks rising to about 600 m (2,000 ft) on Charcot Island, in the eastern Bellinghausen Sea of Antarctica. They form a 12 km chain of rocky outcrops on the mid-north coast of the island, stretching from Mount Monique at the western end to Mount Martine in the east.

Mount Martine
Mount Martine is a massive mountain, about 800 metres (2,600 ft) high, with a prominent rocky north face and ice-covered south slopes, overlooking the north shore of Charcot Island, south of Cheesman Island, in the east Bellinghausen Sea of Antarctica.
2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election
An election for a constituent assembly in Tunisia was announced on 3 March 2011 and held on 23 October 2011, following the Tunisian revolution. The Assembly had 217 members. It was the first free election held in Tunisia since the country's independence in 1956, as well as the first election in the Arab world held after the start of the Arab Spring.

The result was announced after counting began on 25 October 2011, and Ennahda won a plurality of votes.

Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties
The Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties (Arabic: التكتل الديمقراطي من أجل العمل والحريات, at-Takattul ad-Dīmuqrāṭī min ajl il-'Amal wal-Ḥurriyyāt; French: Forum démocratique pour le travail et les libertés), also referred to as Ettakatol or by its French acronym FDTL, is a social democratic political party in Tunisia. It was founded on 9 April 1994 and officially recognized on 25 October 2002. Its founder and Secretary-General is the radiologist Mustapha Ben Jafar.