hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chowdhury
Chowdhury, Choudhuri, Chaudhuri, Choudhury, Chaudhri, Chaudhury, Chaudhry, or Chaudhary, is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is an adaption from Sanskrit. During the Mughal rule, it was a title awarded to eminent people, while during British rule, the term was associated with zamindars and social leaders. The common female equivalent was Chowdhurani.

Chacha Chaudhary
Chacha Chaudhary is an Indian comic book series, created by cartoonist Pran Kumar Sharma. The comic comes in ten Indian languages including Hindi and English and has sold over ten million copies. It has also been made into a 2002 live action television series, with Raghubir Yadav playing the role of Chacha Chaudhary, and a 2019 animated television series by Toonz Animation.
Menteith
56°10′30″N 4°03′25″W﻿ / ﻿56.175°N 4.057°W﻿ / 56.175; -4.057

Menteith or Monteith (Scottish Gaelic: Tèadhaich) is a district of south Perthshire, Scotland, roughly comprises the territory between the Teith and the Forth. Historically, the area between Callander and Dunblane was known in English by the similar name of the "Vale of Menteith".

Menteith encompasses the parishes of Callander, Aberfoyle, Port of Menteith, Kippen, Kilmadock, Kincardine, Lecropt and Dunblane.

Kincardine-in-Menteith
Kincardine is a civil parish in the Scottish council area of Stirling and the former county of Perthshire in the historic district of Menteith.

It lies between the River Teith and River Forth and contains the villages of Blair Drummond and Thornhill. The parish church is 2 miles south-west of Doune.

In 1877, the Thornhill part of the parish was erected into a separate parish for ecclesiastic (but not civil) purposes.

At the last census (2011), the population of the civil parish was 1,148.
The area of the parish is 10,207 acres. Kincardine parish is also a Community Council area under the name Thornhill and Blairdrummond.
Rede Anhanguera de Comunicação
Rede Anhanguera de Comunicação (Anhanguera Communication Network) is an important private holding company of mass media in the São Paulo state. It is headquartered in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

The company has the following assets:

Newspapers:
Correio Popular, Campinas
Diário do Povo, Campínas
Notícia Já, Campinas
Gazeta do Cambuí, Campinas
Gazeta de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto
Gazeta de Piracicaba, Piracicaba

Magazines:
Metrópole, Campinas

Datacorp, a polling and research company

Grafcorp, a printing office

Agência Anhanguera de Notícias, a news agency

Websites:
Cosmo On-Line

RAC's CEO and main shareholder is Silvino de Godoy Neto.

Notícia Já
Notícia Já is a popular daily newspaper in the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. It was founded in 2007, and has a tabloid format.

Currently it has an audited circulation of 60,000. Its title means News Now in Portuguese language.

Notícia Já is owned and managed by a larger communications holding company, Rede Anhangüera de Comunicação (RAC), which owns the two other newspapers in Campinas, and others in the cities of Piracicaba and Ribeirão Preto, such as Correio Popular, Diário do Povo and Gazeta do Cambuí.

Notícia Já, as the other RAC's newspapers are available on-line though a Web portal called Cosmo.
Meton (crater)
Meton is a compound formation on the Moon that consists of several merged crater rings that have been flooded with lava, forming the remnant of a walled plain in the shape of a clover leaf. It is located near the northern lunar limb, and is viewed from a low angle and foreshortened. The crater Barrow is attached to the southwest rim. To the northwest is the crater Scoresby, and to the east are Baillaud and Euctemon.

Barrow (crater)
Barrow is an old lunar impact crater that is located near the northern limb of the Moon. It lies between the crater Goldschmidt to the northwest and the irregular formation Meton to the northeast. To the southwest is W. Bond.

The outer wall of Barrow has been heavily eroded by subsequent impacts, and reshaped by intruding craters. As a result, the rim now resembles a ring of rounded hills and peaks surrounding the flat interior. The younger satellite crater Barrow A lies across the southwest rim. At the eastern end of the crater is a narrow gap in the rim that joins the floor to the adjacent crater Meton. The rim achieves its maximum height and extend in the northwest, where it is joined to Goldschmidt.

The interior of Barrow has been resurfaced by lava flows, leaving a flat surface that is marked by many tiny craterlets. Faint traces of ray material from Anaxagoras to the west forms streaks across the floor of Barrow.
Hypogymnia diffractaica
Hypogymnia diffractaica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Initially reported from Southwest China, it was described as a new species by Bruce McCune in 2003. The type specimen was collected in Jiulong County (Sichuan Province), at an elevation of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). Here it was found growing on the bark and wood of Rhododendron; it has also been recorded on birch. It is characterized by its slender lobes, the rimmed holes on the lower surface, and the presence of the chemical diffractaic acid as the main secondary metabolite in the medulla. It has a lower surface that is expanded and puffed out. Hypogymnia hengduanensis, the only other Hypogymnia species containing diffractaic acid as the main medullary substance, is quite similar in appearance, but can be distinguished from H. diffractaica by the presence of isidia. It also tends to grow at slightly lower elevations.  In 2018, H. diffractaica was recorded from Bhutan.

Hypogymnia
Hypogymnia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines (root-like attachment organs on the lower surface) that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. Other common characteristics are relatively small spores and the presence of physodic acid and related lichen products. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of coniferous trees.

Hypogymnia was proposed by lichenologist William Nylander, first as a subgenus of Parmelia in 1881, and 15 years later as a distinct genus of two species, including the widespread and common type species, Hypogymnia physodes. It has since grown to about 90 recognized species. Hypogymnia has a centre of biodiversity in China, where many of its species are found.
Cold Brook, New York
Cold Brook is a village in Herkimer County, New York. The population was 329 at the time of the 2010 census. It is named after a stream passing through the village. The village is located in the south part of the town of Russia and is northeast of Utica.

Russia, New York
Russia is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 2,269 at the 2020 census, down from 2,587 in 2010. The town is located in the northwestern part of the county and is northeast of Utica.

The northern part of the town is in the Adirondack Park.
Chief Financial Officer of Florida
The chief financial officer of Florida is an elected statewide constitutional officer of Florida. The office was created in 2002 following the 1998 reforms of the Florida Cabinet. The CFO is a combination of the former offices of comptroller and treasurer/insurance commissioner/fire marshal. The office heads the Florida Department of Financial Services and is responsible for overseeing the state's finances, collecting revenue, paying state bills, auditing state agencies, regulating cemeteries and funerals, and handling fires and arsons. In addition, the CFO has administrative oversight over the offices which handles banking and insurance regulation. The CFO is a member of the Cabinet, and is third (behind the lieutenant governor and attorney general, respectively) in the line of succession to the office of governor of Florida.

Florida Department of Financial Services
Florida Department of Financial Services (FLDFS) is a state agency of Florida. Its headquarters are in Tallahassee. In 2002 the Florida Legislature merged the Department of Insurance, Treasury and State Fire Marshal and the Department of Banking and Finance into one department, the Florida Department of Financial Services.
Source-monitoring error
A source-monitoring error is a type of memory error where the source of a memory is incorrectly attributed to some specific recollected experience. For example, individuals may learn about a current event from a friend, but later report having learned about it on the local news, thus reflecting an incorrect source attribution. This error occurs when normal perceptual and reflective processes are disrupted, either by limited encoding of source information or by disruption to the judgment processes used in source-monitoring. Depression, high stress levels and damage to relevant brain areas are examples of factors that can cause such disruption and hence source-monitoring errors.

Memory error
Memory gaps and errors refer to the incorrect recall, or complete loss, of information in the memory system for a certain detail and/or event. Memory errors may include remembering events that never occurred, or remembering them differently from the way they actually happened. These errors or gaps can occur due to a number of different reasons, including the emotional involvement in the situation, expectations and environmental changes. As the retention interval between encoding and retrieval of the memory lengthens, there is an increase in both the amount that is forgotten, and the likelihood of a memory error occurring.
Levasseur PL.7
The Levasseur PL.7 was a torpedo bomber developed in France in the late 1920s. It was a development of Levasseur's PL.4 reconnaissance aircraft and intended to replace their PL.2 then in service with the Aéronavale. It was a single-bay biplane of largely conventional design, but incorporating safety features for naval operation, including jetissonable main undercarriage units, a watertight, boat-shaped fuselage, and small floats on the undersides of the lower wings.

Pierre Levasseur (aircraft builder)
Pierre Georges Albert Levasseur (July 16, 1890 in Paris – August 2, 1941 in Paris) was a French aircraft and component maker. He set up his company Société Pierre Levasseur Aéronautique, always referred to simply as Levasseur in Paris in 1910, beginning by making propellers. In 1913 he began building aircraft designed by others. He then began to design his own, the majority of which were single-engine biplanes for French Naval Aviation. He also ran a flying school, where the chief pilot of his school was François Denhaut (1877–1952), notable for designing the first flying boat. Georges Abrial (1898 – 1970), an early French aerodynamicist, also worked with Levasseur to produce the Levasseur-Abrial A-1.
Standard Chartered
Standard Chartered PLC is a British multinational bank with operations in wealth management, corporate and investment banking, and treasury services. Despite being headquartered in the United Kingdom, it does not conduct retail banking in the UK, and around 90% of its profits come from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Standard Chartered has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has secondary listings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, and OTC Markets Group Pink. Its largest shareholder is the Government of Singapore–owned Temasek Holdings. The Financial Stability Board considers it a systemically important bank.

Maria Ramos is the group chair of Standard Chartered. Bill Winters is the current group chief executive.

Mervyn Davies, Baron Davies of Abersoch
Evan Mervyn Davies, Baron Davies of Abersoch, CBE JP (born 21 November 1952) is a British former banker and was a Labour government minister until May 2010, as Minister of State for Trade, Investment and Small Business. Davies remains a UK government Trade Envoy for Sri Lanka.

He is currently non-executive chairman of L1 Holdings, a senior advisor to Teneo, chairman of the LTA, and an honorary professor at Cardiff Business School. He is also on the World Rugby Executive Committee, and chair of the Glyndebourne opera festival.
Samar Bagh Tehsil
Samar Bagh is an administrative subdivision (Tehsil) of Lower Dir District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The other tehsils of the district include:

Adenzai Tehsil

Balambat Tehsil

Khall Tehsil

Lal Qilla Tehsil

Munda Tehsil`

Timergara Tehsil

Lower Dir District Tehsils have 37 Union Councils. The population is 797,852, according to the 1998 census. The projected population of Dir Lower was 1,037,091 in 2005 with the same growth between the 1981 and 1998 census i.e. 3.42% per annum.

Khall Tehsil
Khall is an administrative subdivision (Tehsil) of Lower Dir District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is named after Khal (Bindi), a decorative dot worn by women on the centre of the forehead, as it is located in the centre of Dir. The other tehsils of the district include:

Adenzai Tehsil

Balambat Tehsil

Lal Qilla Tehsil

Munda Tehsil

Samar Bagh Tehsil

Timergara Tehsil

Lower Dir District Tehsils have 37 Union Councils. The population is 797,852, according to the 1998 census. The projected population of Dir Lower was 1,037,091 in 2005 with the same growth between the 1981 and 1998 census i.e. 3.42% per annum.
Magical Angel Sweet Mint
Magical Angel Sweet Mint (Japanese: 魔法のエンジェルスイートミント, Hepburn: Mahō no Enjeru Suīto Minto) is a magical girl anime TV series produced by Ashi Productions and aired from May 2, 1990 to March 27, 1991 on TV Tokyo.

Ashi Productions
Ashi Productions Co., Ltd (Japanese: 株式会社葦プロダクション, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Ashi Purodakushon) is a Japanese anime studio, located in Suginami, Tokyo, Japan, known for its four magical-girl anime, especially Magical Princess Minky Momo. It was established by Toshihiko Sato and other artists on December 20, 1975, as Ashi Productions.  It changed its name from Ashi Productions to Production Reed Co., Ltd. (株式会社プロダクション リード) on November 1, 2007.  On February 12, 2019, the company changed its name back to Ashi Productions.
Supercomputing in India
Supercomputing in India has a history going back to the 1980s. The Government of India created an indigenous development programme as they had difficulty purchasing foreign supercomputers. As of November 2025, the AIRAWAT supercomputer is the fastest supercomputer in India, having been ranked 188th fastest in the world in the TOP500 supercomputer list. AIRAWAT has been installed at the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in Pune.

National Aerospace Laboratories
The National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) is an aerospace research institution in India, established by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in Delhi in 1959. NAL collaborates with organizations such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Its research focuses on civilian aircraft development and advanced topics in aerospace and related fields.

Based in Bengaluru, the NAL employs a staff of about 2500 people.

NAL is equipped with the Nilakantan Wind tunnel Centre and a computerized fatigue test facility company. NAL also has facilities for investigating failures and accidents in the aerospace engineering domain.
Syon Lane railway station
Syon Lane railway station in London fare zone 4 is on the Hounslow Loop Line and borders the Spring Grove and New Brentford neighbourhoods of the London Borough of Hounslow in west London. The office and light industrial zone to the north-east, the West Cross Centre, has among other businesses the headquarters and studios of broadcaster and entertainment multinational company Sky.  The station and all trains serving it are operated by South Western Railway.

Brentford
Brentford is a suburban town in West London, England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It lies at the confluence of the River Brent and the Thames, 8 miles (13 km) west of Charing Cross.

Its economy has diverse company headquarters buildings which mark the start of the M4 corridor; in transport it also has two railway stations and Boston Manor Underground station on its northwest border with Hanwell. Brentford has a convenience shopping and dining venue grid of streets at its centre. Brentford at the start of the 21st century attracted regeneration of its little-used warehouse premises and docks including the remodelling of the waterfront to provide more economically active shops, townhouses and apartments, some of which comprise Brentford Dock.

A 19th- and 20th-century mixed social and private housing locality, New Brentford is contiguous with the Osterley neighbourhood of Isleworth and Syon Park and the Great West Road which has most of the largest business premises.
Yu Yi
Yu Yi (305 – 16 August 345), courtesy name Zhigong, was a Chinese calligrapher and military general of the Jin dynasty (266–420). He was a member of the prestigious Yu clan of Yingchuan as the younger brother of the powerful Jin minister, Yu Liang. After Yu Liang died in 340, Yu Yi inherited his military positions, and with his other brother Yu Bing, who handled court affairs, they became a prominent political force during their time. As a commander, Yu Yi led a northern expedition from 343 to 344 against Later Zhao in the north and briefly fought Cheng-Han in the west before his untimely death in 345. Yu Yi's death allowed his former subordinate, Huan Wen, to take up his military command in Jingzhou from his sons with the help of Yi's court rival, He Chong.

Apart from being a general, Yu Yi was also a very gifted calligrapher. He was considered as one of the greatest calligraphers of the Jin dynasty, standing with the likes of Wang Xizhi.

Huan Wen
Huan Wen (桓溫) (312 – 18 August 373), courtesy name Yuanzi (元子), formally Duke Xuanwu of Nan Commandery (南郡宣武公), was a general and regent of the Jin dynasty (266–420), as well as the leader of the Huan clan of Qiao (谯国桓氏). He is commonly viewed as one of the greatest generals since Jin's loss of northern China, as he led the campaign that destroyed Cheng-Han and annexed its lands to Jin, and had some successes against the northern states Former Qin and Former Yan (although both campaigns ultimately ended in failure, perhaps due to his overcautiousness).  After his death, the Huan clan would be entrenched in the Jin power struction for decades, after his son Huan Xuan temporarily usurped the Jin throne in 403 as the emperor of Chu (楚), he was posthumously honored as Emperor Xuanwu of Chu with the temple name of Taizu (太祖).
Piperidinylindole
Piperidinylindoles are a group of chemical compounds related to the tryptamines. Examples of these compounds include the simple piperidinylindoles SN-22 and BRL-54443, the triptans naratriptan and LY-334370, and the more structurally complex antipsychotic sertindole. The piperidinylindoles are similar to cyclized tryptamines like the tetrahydropyridinylindoles RS134-49 and RU-28253, but are not technically tryptamines themselves. Piperidinylindoles are known to act as serotonin receptor modulators.

Sertindole
Sertindole, sold under the brand name Serdolect among others, is an antipsychotic medication. Sertindole was developed by the Danish pharmaceutical company Lundbeck and marketed under license by Abbott Labs. Like other atypical antipsychotics, it has activity at dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain. It is used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Sertindole is not approved for use in the United States and was discontinued in Australia in January 2014.
Quebec Route 125
Route 125 is a Quebec highway running from Montreal (on Pie-IX Boulevard near the Olympic Stadium) to Saint-Donat, Lanaudière, Quebec in the Lanaudière. The southern section of Route 125 runs parallel to Autoroute 25 in Laval, Mascouche, and Terrebonne. At Saint-Esprit, the Autoroute ends, and 125 continues northwards until the entrance to the Mont Tremblant Provincial Park north of Saint-Donat.

Pie IX Bridge
Pie IX Bridge (French: Pont Pie-IX) is a bridge in Quebec, spanning the Rivière des Prairies. It connects the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul area of Laval, on Île Jésus, and the borough of Montréal-Nord in Montreal, on the Island of Montreal. The bridge was part of Autoroute 25 until the construction of the new toll bridge for Autoroute 25. It is now part of Quebec Route 125.

While it was originally called Le Caron Bridge, after Joseph Le Caron, an early missionary to the Hurons, the bridge has since been renamed Pie IX Bridge, after Pie-IX Boulevard.  The Boulevard itself was named after Pope Pius IX (Pie is the French name for Pius).
Wuding County
Wuding County (Chinese: 武定县; pinyin: Wǔdìng Xiàn; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA: /lo33 di33 bu33/) is under the administration of the Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, in the north-central part of Yunnan province, China, bordering Sichuan province to the north. Wuding's county seat is located only 5 km from the seat of Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County. It is a centre for titanium production.

Wuding County borders Luquan County to the east, Fumin County and Lufeng, Yunnan to the south, Yuanmou County to the west, and Huili of Sichuan to the north.

Lufeng, Yunnan
Lufeng (simplified Chinese: 禄丰; traditional Chinese: 祿豐; pinyin: Lùfēng; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA：/lu21 bə33 lu21/) is a county-level city located in Yunnan province, China, administered as a part of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture.
Bin Laden family
The bin Laden family (Arabic: عائلة بن لادن, romanized: ʿāʾila bin Lādin), also spelled bin Ladin, is a wealthy Saudi Arabian family intimately connected with the innermost circles of the Saudi royal family. It is the namesake and controlling shareholder of the Saudi Binladin Group, a multinational construction firm. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the family became the subject of media attention and scrutiny due to the activities of Osama bin Laden, the former head of al-Qaeda; they had publicly disowned him in 1994.

Hamza bin Laden
Hamza bin Laden (9 May 1989 – 25 July 2019) was a Saudi-born key member of al-Qaeda. He was a son of Osama bin Laden. On 14 September 2019, U.S. president Donald Trump announced that he was killed in a U.S. counterterrorism operation on the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. In 2024, unconfirmed media reports claimed that he was still alive and a senior leader of al-Qaeda.
Robert Blake (admiral)
Robert Blake (27 September 1598 – 7 August 1657) was an English naval officer who served as general at sea and the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports from 1656 to 1657. Blake served under Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War and Anglo-Spanish War, and as the commanding Admiral of the State's Navy during the First Anglo-Dutch War. Blake is recognised as the "chief founder of England's naval supremacy", a dominance subsequently inherited by the British Royal Navy well into the early 20th century. Despite this, due to deliberate attempts to expunge the Parliamentarians from historical records following the Stuart Restoration, Blake's achievements tend to remain relatively unrecognised. Blake's successes, however, are considered to have "never been excelled, not even by Nelson" according to one biographer, while Blake is often compared with Nelson by others.

St Margaret's, Westminster
The Church of St Margaret, Westminster Abbey is an Anglican parish church in the grounds of Westminster Abbey on Parliament Square, London, England. It is dedicated to Margaret of Antioch, and forms part of a single World Heritage Site with the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey.