hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deep femoral artery
The deep femoral artery also known as the deep artery of the thigh, or profunda femoris artery, is a large branch of the femoral artery. It travels more deeply ("profoundly") than the rest of the femoral artery. It gives rise to the lateral circumflex femoral artery and medial circumflex femoral artery, and the perforating arteries, terminating within the thigh.

Adductor magnus muscle
The adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh.

It consists of two parts. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the pubofemoral portion, adductor portion, or adductor minimus, and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the ischiocondylar portion, extensor portion, or "hamstring portion". Due to its common embryonic origin, innervation, and action, the ischiocondylar portion (or hamstring portion) is often considered part of the hamstring group of muscles. The ischiocondylar portion of the adductor magnus is considered a muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh while the pubofemoral portion of the adductor magnus is considered a muscle of the medial compartment.
Colin Grazier
Colin Grazier, GC (7 May 1920 – 30 October 1942) was a sailor in the Royal Navy who was posthumously awarded the George Cross for the "outstanding bravery and steadfast devotion to duty in the face of danger" which he displayed on 30 October 1942 in action in the eastern Mediterranean when capturing codebooks vital for the breaking of the German naval "Shark" Enigma cipher from the sinking German submarine U-559.

HMS Petard (G56)
HMS Petard was a P-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy that saw service during the Second World War. She was one of only three P-class ships, out of the original eight, to survive the war in a serviceable condition.

Originally to have been named HMS Persistent, Petard was launched in March 1941. She initially carried the pennant number G56, which was changed after the war to F56.

Petard had the distinction of sinking a submarine from each of the three Axis navies: the German U-559, the Italian Uarsciek and the Japanese I-27.

Members of the ship's crew recovered from U-559 a new, four-wheel Enigma cypher machine and the books to go with it, albeit at the cost of the lives of her First Lieutenant and an Able Seaman, both of whom were drowned when the U-boat they were searching sank with them inside.
Elastic map
Elastic maps provide a tool for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. By their construction, they are a system of elastic springs  embedded in the data
space. This system approximates a low-dimensional manifold. The elastic coefficients of this system allow the switch from completely unstructured k-means clustering (zero elasticity) to the estimators located closely to linear PCA manifolds (for high bending and low stretching modules). With some intermediate values of the elasticity coefficients, this system effectively approximates non-linear principal manifolds. This approach is based on a mechanical analogy between principal manifolds, that are passing through "the middle" of the data distribution, and elastic membranes and plates. The method was developed by A.N. Gorban, A.Y. Zinovyev and A.A. Pitenko in 1996–1998.

Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction, also known as manifold learning, is any of various related techniques that aim to project high-dimensional data, potentially existing across non-linear manifolds which cannot be adequately captured by linear decomposition methods, onto lower-dimensional latent manifolds, with the goal of either visualizing the data in the low-dimensional space, or learning the mapping (either from the high-dimensional space to the low-dimensional embedding or vice versa) itself. The techniques described below can be understood as generalizations of linear decomposition methods used for dimensionality reduction, such as singular value decomposition and principal component analysis.
Jhumar
Jhūmar or Jhoomar (also called Ghūmbar in Sandal Bar) is a traditional Punjabi folk dance originating from the Sandal Bar and Chaj Doab  regions of Punjab. The word  "Jhūmar" comes from Jhūm, which means 'to sway' in Punjabi.

The dance is also called Jungle-dance of Jhang-Sials which has a tribal sounding beat - 16 beats on the drum per cycle.

Folk dances of Punjab
Punjabi dances are an array of folk and religious dances of the Punjabi people indigenous to the Punjab region, straddling the border of India and Pakistan. The style of Punjabi dances ranges from very high energy to slow and reserved, and there are specific styles for men and women.
Dundonald (ship)
Dundonald was a British four-masted steel barque measuring 2,205 gross register tons launched in Belfast in 1891. It was involved in a wreck in 1907 in the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands. Only 15 of its 28 crew survived; they were rescued seven months later by a scientific expedition.

NZGSS Hinemoa
NZGSS Hinemoa was a 542-ton New Zealand Government Service Steamer designed specifically for lighthouse support and servicing, and also for patrolling New Zealand's coastline and carrying out castaway checks and searching for missing ships. It operated in New Zealand's territorial waters from 1876 to 1944.

It was instrumental in supplying many of the government castaway depots on the remote subantarctic islands, and rescuing a number of shipwreck victims, including those from the wreck of the Dundonald, the Anjou and the Spirit of the Dawn.
Nassau (Verbandsgemeinde)
Nassau is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. In January 2019 it was merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Bad Ems-Nassau. Its seat was in Nassau.

The Verbandsgemeinde Nassau consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

50°19′01″N 7°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿50.317°N 7.800°E﻿ / 50.317; 7.800

Bad Ems-Nassau
Bad Ems-Nassau is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Bad Ems. It was formed on 1. January 2019 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Bad Ems and Nassau.

The Verbandsgemeinde Bad Ems-Nassau consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

50°19′N 7°46′E﻿ / ﻿50.32°N 7.77°E﻿ / 50.32; 7.77
Farsø
Farsø is a town with a population of 3,352 (1 January 2025) in Region Nordjylland in Denmark in the Vesthimmerland Municipality. Farsø was the birthplace of Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1944. The village of Vognsild is located to the east of Farsø. Farsø is also called one of the head cities of Vesthimmerland Municipality along with Aars, Løgstør and Aalestrup.

Vognsild
Vognsild is a village in western Himmerland with a population of 228 (1 January 2025), located six kilometers east of Farsø and nine kilometers west of Aars. The nearest village is Østrup four kilometers east of Vognsild.
The village is located in the North Denmark Region and belongs to Vesthimmerland Municipality. The village has a church and a club house. Vognsild also has a sports and ball club.
MS Gotenland
MS Gotenland was a cargo motor ship that was built in Denmark during the Second World War and scrapped in China in 1970. Her first operator was the German Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) line. In 1945 she passed to Norwegian ownership and was renamed Hopeville. In 1967 she was acquired by Greek owners, who at first renamed her Oinoussian Hope, and then changed her name to Esperanza.

In 1943 Germany used Gotenland to deport 158 Jews from Norway to Germany. Only six or seven of the deportees survived the war.

Jewish deportees from Norway during World War II
Prior to the deportation of individuals of Jewish background to the concentration camps there were at least 2,173 Jews in Norway. During the Nazi occupation of Norway 772 of these were arrested, detained, and/or deported, most of them sent to Auschwitz or other extermination camps where 742 were murdered. 23 died as a result of extrajudicial execution, murder, and suicide during the war. Between 28 and 34 of those deported survived their continued imprisonment (following their deportation). The Norwegian police and German authorities kept records of these victims, and so, researchers were able to compile information about the deportees.
Motorcycle Hall of Fame
The AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame Museum is an offshoot of the American Motorcyclist Association, recognizing individuals who have contributed to motorcycle sport, motorcycle construction, or motorcycling in general. It also displays motorcycles, riding gear, and memorabilia in two floors of exhibits. The American Motorcyclist Association board began planning the museum c. 1998.

The museum is located in Pickerington, Ohio, United States.

American Motorcyclist Association
The American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) is an American nonprofit organization of more than 200,000 motorcyclists that organizes numerous motorcycling activities and campaigns for motorcyclists' legal rights. Its mission statement is "to promote the motorcycling lifestyle and protect the future of motorcycling." The organization was founded in 1924 and, as of October 2016, had more than 1,100 chartered clubs.

It provides guidance and advice on running events and rallies for clubs and promoters and allows affiliated members to vote on AMA matters. It also has a corporate membership category with representatives from the US motorcycle industry.

The AMA is the official national federation representative (FMN) for the United States of America in the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) and organizes US teams and riders for FIM-sanctioned events, including the International Six Day Enduro, Motocross Des Nations, and Trials Des Nations.
Rigi
The Rigi (or Mount Rigi; also known as Queen of the Mountains) is a mountain massif of the Alps, located in Central Switzerland. The whole massif is almost entirely surrounded by the water of three different bodies of water: Lake Lucerne, Lake Zug and Lake Lauerz. The range is in the Schwyzer Alps, and is split between the cantons of Schwyz and Lucerne, although the main summit, named Rigi Kulm, at 1,797 meters above sea level, lies within the canton of Schwyz. The Rigi Kulm Hotel, established in 1816, is located on the summit.

The Rigi Kulm and other areas, such as the resort of Rigi Kaltbad, are served by Europe's oldest mountain railways, the Rigi Railways. The whole area offers many activities such as skiing or sledging in the winter, and hiking in the summer.

Rigi Kulm Hotel
The Rigi Kulm Hotel is located immediately below the 1,798 metres (5,899 ft) summit of Mount Rigi in the Alps in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, about ten miles south of Zurich and eight miles east of Lucerne. Opened in 1816, it can only be reached on foot or via the Vitznau–Rigi or Arth–Rigi railways. It is said that 125 named peaks and thirteen lakes are visible from the hotel.
Lake Westwood (Tasmania)
Lake Westwood is a 35-hectare (86-acre) glacial lake in the Tyndalls peaks to the east of  Mount Read, in the West Coast Range, West Coast of Tasmania.

The lake is located south east of the Henty Gold Mine and it lies between Lake Julia and Lake Selina adjacent to the Anthony Road that travels between Tullah and Queenstown.  The features that separate the lakes are:

Anthony Road and Lake Selina (516m) is open ground

Lake Selina and Lake Westwood are separated by Moyle Rock (696m)

Lake Westwood and Lake Julia are separated by Lukes Knob (719m)

south of Lake Westwood is Julia Peak (918m) which is heavily forested on the south side

West Coast Range
The West Coast Range is a mountain range located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia.

The range lies to the west and north of the main parts of the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park.

The range has had a significant number of  mines utilising the geologically rich zone of Mount Read Volcanics. A number of adjacent ranges lie to the east: the Engineer Range, the Raglan Range, the Eldon Range, and the Sticht Range but in most cases these are on a west–east alignment, while the West Coast Range runs in a north–south direction, following the Mount Read volcanic arc.

The range has encompassed multiple land uses including the catchment area for Hydro Tasmania dams, mines, transport routes and historical sites. Of the communities that have existed actually in the range itself, Gormanston is probably the last to remain.
Earl's Palace, Kirkwall
The Earl's Palace is a ruined Renaissance-style palace near St Magnus's Cathedral in the centre of Kirkwall, Orkney, Scotland. Built by Patrick, Earl of Orkney, its construction began in 1607 and was largely undertaken via forced labour. Today, the ruins are open to the public.

Kirkwall
Kirkwall (Scots: Kirkwa, Kirkwaa, or Kirkwal; Norn: Kirkavå; Scottish Gaelic: Bàgh na h-Eaglaise) is the largest town in Orkney, an archipelago to the north of mainland Scotland. First mentioned in the Orkneyinga saga, it is today the location of the headquarters of the Orkney Islands Council and a transport hub with ferries to many locations. It is the centre of the St Magnus International Festival and is also a popular stopping off point for cruise ships. St Magnus Cathedral stands at the heart of the town.
Bakuya Kofun
Bakuya Kofun (牧野古墳) is a burial mound, located in the Umamikita neighborhood of the town of  Kōryō, Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1983. It is one of the burial mounds that make up the Umami Kofun cluster.

Kōryō, Nara
Kōryō (広陵町, Kōryō-chō) is a town located in Kitakatsuragi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2024, the town had an estimated population of 35,035 in 14106 households, and a population density of 2100 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 8.23 km2 (3.18 sq mi). Kōryō served as a temporary capital of Japan from 640 to 642 AD.
Camigliano
Camigliano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Naples and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Caserta.

Camigliano borders the following municipalities: Bellona, Formicola, Giano Vetusto, Pastorano, Pontelatone, Vitulazio.
The mayor of Camigliano is Vincenzo Cenname, elected in 2011.

Pastorano
Pastorano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Naples and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Caserta.  Pastorano borders the following municipalities: Camigliano, Giano Vetusto, Pignataro Maggiore, Vitulazio.

The Treaty of Casalanza was signed here in 1815 between the Austrian and Neapolitan armies, after the latter's king, Joachim Murat, had been defeated in the Battle of Tolentino.
Estevan Point Lighthouse
Estevan Point Lighthouse is located on the headland of the same name in the Hesquiat Peninsula Provincial Park on the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada.

During the Second World War, in 1942, the Estevan Point Lighthouse was fired upon by the Japanese submarine I-26, marking the first enemy attack on Canadian soil since the Fenian raids of 1866 and 1871.

The Canadian Coast Guard still maintains Estevan Point, with the light still active as of 2022. The light emits a double flash every 15 seconds with the focal plane located at 37.5 m (123 ft) above sea level.

Hesquiat Peninsula Provincial Park
Hesquiat Peninsula Provincial Park is a provincial park at the western extremity of the Clayoquot Sound region of the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The park was established by order-in-council on July 12, 1995 as part of the Clayoquot Land-Use Decision.
Binasco
Binasco (Lombard: Binasch [biˈnask]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,236 and an area of 3.9 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi).

Binasco borders the following municipalities: Zibido San Giacomo, Noviglio, Lacchiarella, Vernate, Casarile.

The coffee machine manufacturer Gruppo Cimbali SpA is based in Binasco.

Casarile
Casarile (Lombard: Casaril [kazaˈriːl]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,637 and an area of 7.3 square kilometres (2.8 sq mi).

Casarile borders the following municipalities: Lacchiarella, Vernate, Binasco, Rognano, Giussago.
Lebediny, Sakha Republic
Lebediny (Russian: Лебеди́ный; Yakut: Лебединай) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 26 kilometers (16 mi) from Aldan, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,058.

Leninsky, Sakha Republic
Leninsky (Russian: Ле́нинский; Yakut: Ленинскай) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) from Aldan, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,866.
Edgar Bronfman Sr.
Edgar Miles Bronfman (June 20, 1929 – December 21, 2013) was a Canadian-American businessman. He worked for his family's distilled beverage firm, Seagram, eventually becoming president, treasurer and CEO. As president of the World Jewish Congress, Bronfman initiated diplomacy with the Soviet Union, which resulted in the Soviet government legitimizing the Hebrew language in the USSR and contributed to Soviet Jews being legally able to practice their religion and immigrate to Israel.

Hillel International
Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, alternatively Hillel International or simply Hillel, is a Jewish student organization. Hillel brands itself as a safe space for  Jewish students and events aimed at facilitating Jewish traditions on college campuses. Hillel describes itself as the "largest Jewish campus organization in the world". Founded in 1923 and headquartered in the United States, it is represented at higher education institutions and communities throughout Eurasia and the Americas, including  in the former Soviet Union, Israel, and South America.

Hillel has faced criticism for its failure to welcome non- and anti-Zionist Jewish students. Critical academics have described Hillel as "a Zionist organization that determines who can be Jewish and how".
Yuma Street Historic District
The Yuma Street Historic District in Manhattan, Kansas is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 3, 2023.  It was a historic center for the Black community in Manhattan, emerging during the American period of racial segregation. The Yuma Street Historic District stands in the southern portion of Manhattan. It includes the Second Baptist Church, United Service Organization, Douglass Park, Douglass School, and Shepard Chapel.

Manhattan, Kansas
Manhattan is a city in and the county seat of Riley County, Kansas, United States, although the city extends into Pottawatomie County. It is located in northeastern Kansas at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 54,100.

The city was founded by settlers from the New England Emigrant Aid Company as a Free-State town in the 1850s, during the Bleeding Kansas era. Nicknamed "the Little Apple" as a play on New York City's moniker of the "Big Apple", the city is a college town with a significant student population, because it is home to Kansas State University (KSU).
Merrick, West Springfield
Merrick is a neighborhood in the southeast corner of West Springfield, Massachusetts. Borders are, Park Ave to the north, Union St. and its industrial buildings to the west, and Bridge St. (or New Bridge St.) to the south and U.S. Route 5. Downtown is to the north and northwest and the neighborhood Memorial, is to the south and southwest. The Connecticut River is to the east. The population as of 2010 was 2,986.

West Springfield, Massachusetts
West Springfield is a city in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.  The population was 28,835 at the 2020 United States Census. The city is also known as "West Side", in reference to the fact that it is on the western side of the Connecticut River from Springfield, a fact which played a major part in the town's early history.
Argentine Naval Aviation
The Argentine Naval Aviation (Spanish: Comando de la Aviación Naval Argentina, COAN) is the naval aviation branch of the Argentine Navy and one of its four operational commands. Argentina, along with Brazil is one of two South American countries to have operated two aircraft carriers.

The acronym CANA is often used in English language bibliographies, but is not correct Spanish usage.

Almirante Marcos A. Zar Airport
Almirante Marcos A. Zar Airport (Welsh: Maes Awyr Almirante Marcos A. Zar, Spanish: Aeropuerto Almirante Marcos A. Zar) (IATA: REL, ICAO: SAVT) is an airport in Trelew, Chubut Province, Argentina, named after the Argentine Navy Admiral and aviator Marcos Andrés Zar. The airport serves the cities of Trelew and Rawson.

The airport is 3 kilometres (2 mi) northeast of Trelew and 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Rawson, the capital of Chubut Province. It has a 3,500 square metres (38,000 sq ft) passenger terminal and has parking for 128 cars. It is operated by London Supply.

The Trelew Almirante Zar Naval Air Base is on the airport, and has an Argentine Naval Aviation squadron flying P-3 Orions.
Allanaspides helonomus
Allanaspides helonomus is a species of mountain shrimp in the family Anaspididae.

The IUCN conservation status of Allanaspides helonomus is "VU", vulnerable. The species faces a high risk of endangerment in the medium term. The IUCN status was reviewed in 1996.

Anaspidesidae
Anaspidesidae is a family of freshwater crustacean that is endemic to Tasmania, Australia. The family contains 3 living genera. This group of crustaceans are considered living fossils. They are commonly and collectively known as the Tasmanian anaspid crustaceans.

This family is originally called as Anaspididae. However, genus name Anaspis was preoccupied by the insect genus, Anaspis Geoffroy, 1762, and therefore, in 2017, the family was renamed to Anaspidesidae by Shane Ahyong and Miguel A. Alonso-Zarazaga.

Anaspiesids have stalked eyes, long antennae and antennules, and a slender body with no carapace. The two species of Allanaspides and the single species of Paranaspides are all listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
Bruce Schneier
Bruce Schneier (/ˈʃnaɪ.ər/; born January 15, 1963) is an American cryptographer, computer security professional, privacy specialist, and writer. Schneier is an Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and a Fellow at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society as of November, 2013. He is a board member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Access Now, and The Tor Project; and an advisory board member of Electronic Privacy Information Center and VerifiedVoting.org. He is the author of several books on general security topics, computer security and cryptography and is a squid enthusiast.

Bibliography of cryptography
Books on cryptography have been published sporadically and with variable quality for a long time. This is despite the paradox that secrecy is of the essence in sending confidential messages – see Kerckhoffs' principle.

In contrast, the revolutions in cryptography and secure communications since the 1970s are covered in the available literature.