hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dialogue system
A dialogue system, or conversational agent (CA), is a computer system intended to converse with a human. Dialogue systems employ one or more of text, speech, graphics, haptics, gestures, and other modes for communication on both the input and output channel.

The elements of a dialogue system are not defined because this idea is under research; however, they are different from chatbots. The typical GUI wizard engages in a sort of dialogue, but it includes very few of the common dialogue system components, and the dialogue state is trivial.

Interactive voice response
Interactive voice response (IVR) systems are automated telephony systems that interact with callers, gather information, and route calls to the appropriate recipient. They operate using voice recognition and Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) input from a telephone keypad. IVR systems are widely used to manage customer interactions efficiently, improve service accessibility, and streamline business operations.

IVR systems can be used to create self-service solutions for mobile purchases, banking payments, services, retail orders, utilities, travel information and weather conditions. In combination with systems such an automated attendant and automatic call distributor (ACD), call routing can be optimized for a better caller experience and workforce efficiency. IVR systems are often combined with automated attendant functionality. The term voice response unit (VRU) is sometimes used as well.
Quezon Avenue
Manuel L. Quezon Avenue, more often called Quezon Avenue or simply Quezon Ave, is a 6.1-kilometer (3.8 mi) major thoroughfare in Metro Manila named after President Manuel Luis Quezon, the second president of the Philippines. The avenue starts at the Quezon Memorial Circle and runs through to the Welcome Rotonda near the boundary of Quezon City and Manila.

Lined with palm trees and other species of tree on its center island and spanning six to fourteen lanes, it is a major north-south and east-west corridor of Quezon City. Many government and commercial buildings line the road. At its north end, Triangle Park, one of Quezon City's Central Business Districts, is the third most important industrial center in the city. At its south end, it connects Quezon City to the capital Manila. It is a regular route for vehicles from Quezon City leading to Manila, as the highway provides access to Quiapo and the University Belt.

Commonwealth Avenue (Quezon City)
Commonwealth Avenue, formerly known as Don Mariano Marcos Avenue, is a 12.4-kilometer (7.7 mi) highway located in Quezon City, Philippines. It spans six to eighteen lanes, making it the widest road in the country. The avenue is one of the major roads in Metro Manila and is designated as part of Radial Road 7 (R-7) of the older Manila arterial road system and National Route 170 (N170) of the Philippine highway network.

Commonwealth Avenue starts at Elliptical Road, which encircles the Quezon Memorial Circle. It passes through the areas of Philcoa, Tandang Sora, Balara, Batasan Hills, and Fairview and ends at Quirino Highway in the Novaliches area.

Being located in Quezon City, which is among several cities in Metro Manila with a high incidence of road accidents, the avenue has a high accident rate, particularly due to overspeeding, earning it the nickname "Killer Highway". A speed limit of 60 kilometers per hour (37 mph) is being enforced to reduce accidents on the avenue.
Forb
A forb or phorb is a herbaceous flowering plant that is not a graminoid (grass, sedge, or rush). The term is used in botany and in vegetation ecology especially in relation to grasslands and understory. Typically, these are eudicots without woody stems.

Common sunflower
The common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a species of large annual forb of the daisy family Asteraceae. The common sunflower is harvested for its edible oily seeds, which are often eaten as a snack food. They are also used in the production of cooking oil, as food for livestock, as bird food, and as plantings in domestic gardens for aesthetics. Wild plants are known for their multiple flower heads, whereas the domestic sunflower often possesses a single large flower head atop an unbranched stem.
Gandhi Medical College and Hospital
Gandhi Medical College and Hospital (GMC) is a public medical college in Secunderabad, India. It is affiliated with Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences. The college was originally affiliated to NTR University of Health Sciences.

Musheerabad Jail
Musheerabad Jail was a correctional facility located in Musheerabad area of Hyderabad, India. The facility was demolished in 2003 and the entire area once occupied by the jail now houses the new building of Gandhi hospital  which was previously located at Secunderabad. Gandhi Medical college was also shifted to this location. 
The jail was built during the Nizam era to house prisoners from adjacent areas. The oldest structures in the jail were built in 1876. The construction of the prison had been completed in 1915. All the male prisoners were shifted to Cherlapally and female prisoners were shifted to a separate facility.

Prior to its demolition, film director Nagesh Kukunoor obtained a stay order in order to complete filming of 3 Deewarein (2003).
2015 Ovation Awards
The nominees for the 2015 Ovation Awards aka the 26th Annual LA STAGE Alliance Ovation Awards were announced on September 24, 2015 by the Los Angeles Stage Alliance.  The list of nominations was published on their online magazine, @ This Stage.

The awards were presented for excellence in stage productions in the Los Angeles area from September, 2014 to August, 2015 based upon evaluations from 240 members of the Los Angeles theater community. The Ovation Awards are the only peer-judged theater awards in Los Angeles.

The winners were announced on November 9, 2015 in a ceremony at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles, California.  The ceremony was hosted by actors Vanessa Claire Stewart and French Stewart.

Ovation Awards
The Ovation Awards were a Southern California award for excellence in theatre, established in 1989. They were given out by the non-profit arts service organization LA Stage Alliance and are the only peer-judged theatre awards in Los Angeles. Winners were selected by a voting committee of Los Angeles–area theater professionals who are selected through an application process every year. The Ovation Awards ceremony was held at different theatres throughout the Los Angeles area, including the Ahmanson Theatre and the Orpheum Theatre. Hosts for the ceremonies have included Nathan Lane, Lily Tomlin, and Neil Patrick Harris.
Carne Humana (album)
Carne Humana (Portuguese for "Human Flesh") is the first studio album by Brazilian rock band Zero, following their EP Passos no Escuro. It came out in 1987 by EMI. Even though it was not as commercially successful as Passos no Escuro, the album spawned the hit singles "Quimeras" and "A Luta e o Prazer". Despite not being released as a single, "Abuso de Poder" was also a very memorable track, being that it criticized the Brazilian military government (which had ended only two years prior to the album's release). The album also includes the only song by Zero written in English, "Game Over".

A music video was made for "Quimeras"; it was recorded at the site of the Electric Power Research Center in Rio de Janeiro.

Since the band would eventually break up in 1989, it would be their only studio album for a long time; however, they reunited in 1998 and released a follow-up, Quinto Elemento, in 2007.

Quinto Elemento
Quinto Elemento (Portuguese for "Fifth Element") is the second studio album by Brazilian rock band Zero. Their first proper studio release in 20 years since Carne Humana in 1987, it was independently released on August 30, 2007. The band has uploaded early versions of each of the album's songs on their official Myspace as teasers.

The tracks "Em Volta do Sol", "Mentiras" and "Dedicatória" were re-recorded from their 2000 compilation Electro-Acústico.
Pult
Pult or Pulat (Albanian definite form: Pulti or Pulati), is a region in northern Albania. It is bordered by the Malësia e Madhe Region to its north and by the Dukagjin Highlands to its east and its south. The region has traditionally been inhabited by the Plani, Kiri, Suma, Xhani, Drishti and Rrjolli tribes. The Pult region is situated on the Kir river and extends beyond Drisht to Prekal.

Dukagjin Highlands
Dukagjin Highlands[a] (Albanian: Malësia e Dukagjinit) is a mountainous region in northern Albania, east of Shkodra and north of the Drin. It is roughly equivalent to the northern half of the Shkodër District, with some minor parts in the Malësi e Madhe District.
2000–01 ISL season
The 2000–01 Ice Hockey Superleague season was the fifth season of the Sekonda Ice Hockey Superleague (ISL).

Belfast Giants, a new team formed in Northern Ireland, were granted a franchise, although they did not take part in the Benson & Hedges Cup. The Newcastle franchise was sold to Harry Harkimo, co-owner of Jokerit who play in the Finnish SM-liiga, and their name was changed to the Newcastle Jesters (Jokerit being Finnish for Jester).

This season, the league awarded three points for a win, two points for an overtime win and one point for an overtime loss in all competitions except the Benson & Hedges Cup. Any game still tied after overtime was decided by a penalty shootout.

The Sheffield Steelers won a Grand Slam of all available competitions. However, the win was marred by the club being found guilty by the league for breaking the £450,000 wage cap and going into liquidation at the end of the season.

Sheffield Steelers
The Sheffield Steelers are a professional ice hockey team located in Sheffield, England. They were formed in 1991 and play their home games at the Utilita Arena. They are currently a member of the Elite Ice Hockey League. The club's main (title) sponsor is TriggerHub.
Tetraethylammonium bromide
Tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula  C8H20N+Br−, often written as "Et4N+Br−" in the chemical literature. It has been used as the source of tetraethylammonium ions in pharmacological and physiological studies, but is also used in organic chemical synthesis.

Tetraethylammonium iodide
Tetraethylammonium iodide is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula  C8H20N+I−. It has been used as the source of tetraethylammonium ions in pharmacological and physiological studies, but is also used in organic chemical synthesis.
Keith Rowley
Keith Christopher Rowley MP (born 24 October 1949) is a Trinidadian politician who served as the seventh prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 2015 to 2025. He was the leader the People's National Movement (PNM) from 2010 to 2025 and was Leader of the Opposition from 2010 to 2015. He also served as the Member of the House of Representatives for Diego Martin West from 1991 to 2025. He is a volcanologist by profession, holding a doctorate in geology, specializing in geochemistry.

Volcanologist
A volcanologist, or volcano scientist, is a geologist who focuses on understanding the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, sometimes active ones, to observe and monitor volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of inquiry in recent times is the prediction of eruptions to alleviate the impact on surrounding populations and monitor natural hazards associated with volcanic activity. Geologists who research volcanic materials that make up the solid Earth are referred to as igneous petrologists.
Kwan Kung Pavilion
Kwan Kung Pavilion (Jyutping: gwaan1 gung1 zung1 ji6 ting4) is a temple on Cheung Chau island in Hong Kong. It was built in 1973, and is dedicated to the Martial God of War and Wealth, Kwan Tai (also transliterated as Lord Guan or Kwan Kung). His Sabre, The Kwan Dou, is also displayed in the Kwan Kung Pavilion.

The temple contains an eight-feet-tall Kwan Tai statue crafted from a whole piece of camphor wood. There is an incense burner with two dragons in front of the pavilion.

Cheung Chau
Cheung Chau (Chinese: 長洲; lit. 'Long Island') is an outlying island of Hong Kong, located 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Hong Kong Island. It is also called Dumbbell Island (啞鈴島; aa2 ling4 dou2) due to its dumbbell-like shape. It has been inhabited for longer than most other places in Hong Kong, and had a population of 22,740 as of 2011. Administratively, it is part of the Islands District.
Stefano Bollani
Stefano Bollani (born 5 December 1972) is an Italian composer, pianist and singer, also active as a writer and a television presenter.

He has worked with such musicians as Gato Barbieri, Chick Corea, Bill Frisell, Sol Gabetta, Richard Galliano, Trilok Gurtu, Chuco Valdes, Egberto Gismonti, Lee Konitz, Bobby McFerrin, Pat Metheny, Caetano Veloso, Phil Woods, Hector Zazou  and has recorded more than 15 albums with trumpeter Enrico Rava. Bollani has performed with several symphonic orchestras (Filarmonica della Scala, Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Orchestre de Paris, Toronto Symphony Orchestra, among others) and with directors such as Riccardo Chailly, Daniel Harding, Kristjan Järvi, Zubin Mehta, Gianandrea Noseda and Antonio Pappano. He has also played with Italian pop-rock artists and has participated in and hosted TV and radio shows. Currently, he has published 49 albums alone (31 studio).

Concerto in F (Gershwin)
Concerto in F is a composition by George Gershwin for solo piano and orchestra which is closer in form to a traditional concerto than his earlier jazz-influenced Rhapsody in Blue. It was written in 1925 on a commission from the conductor and director Walter Damrosch. A full performance lasts around half an hour.
White-striped dorcopsis
The white-striped dorcopsis or greater forest wallaby (Dorcopsis hageni) is a species of marsupial in the family Macropodidae. It is found in the northern part of Western New Guinea, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It is a common species in suitable tropical forest habitat and the IUCN lists its conservation status as being of "Least concern".

Macropodidae
Macropodidae is a family of marsupials that includes kangaroos, wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons, the quokka, and several other groups. These genera are allied to the suborder Macropodiformes, containing other macropods, and are native to the Australian continent (the mainland and Tasmania), New Guinea and nearby islands. As of 2025 there are 63 recognised living species in this family.
Dracaena tamaranae
Dracaena tamaranae, or drago de Gran Canaria, is a species of flowering plant endemic to the island of Gran Canaria, related to the dragon tree, Dracaena draco, and other species of Dracaena from East Africa. Since 1972, specimens of dragon tree have been identified in Gran Canaria with certain peculiarities. These were initially identified as specimens of Dracaena draco. However, a more detailed study concluded that it corresponded to a new species.

Dracaena draco
Dracaena draco, the Canary Islands dragon tree or drago, is a subtropical tree in the genus Dracaena, native to the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira, western Morocco, and possibly introduced into the Azores.

It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1762 as Asparagus draco. In 1767 he assigned it to the new genus, Dracaena.

A related tree of similar appearance, the Socotra dragon tree Dracaena cinnabari, grows on the island of Socotra, Yemen, more than 7,000 km from the Canary Islands.
A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom
A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom was published within the United States in two volumes by Andrew Dickson White, a founder of Cornell University, in 1896.   White chronicles the gradual emancipation of science from theology in various fields.

In the introduction White states the original goal of his 1874 lecture on The Battlefields of Science and elaborated in a book The Warfare of Science the same year:

In all modern history, interference with science in the supposed interest of religion, no matter how conscientious such interference may have been, has resulted in the direst evils both to religion and to science, and invariably; and, on the other hand, all untrammelled scientific investigation, no matter how dangerous to religion some of its stages may have seemed for the time to be, has invariably resulted in the highest good both of religion and of science.

Andrew Dickson White
Andrew Dickson White (November 7, 1832 – November 4, 1918) was an American historian and educator who co-founded Cornell University, one of eight Ivy League universities in the United States, and served as its first president for nearly two decades. He was known for expanding the scope of college curricula. A politician, he had served as New York state senator and was later appointed as U.S. ambassador to Germany and Russia.

He was one of the founders of the conflict thesis, which states that science and religion have historically been in conflict, and tried to prove it over the course of approximately 800 pages in his History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom.
Blaze Ya Dead Homie
Christopher C. Rouleau (born April 27, 1976), known professionally by his pseudonym Blaze Ya Dead Homie or simply Blaze, is an American rapper from Mount Clemens, Michigan. A representative of the hip hop music subgenres gangsta rap and horrorcore, his stage persona is a resurrected gang member who had been killed in the late 1980s.

Pony Down (Prelude)
Pony Down (Prelude) is the debut EP by American hip hop duo Drive-By, which consists of Anybody Killa and Blaze Ya Dead Homie. It was released on October 4, 2005, under Psychopathic Records. Primarily produced by the Soopa Villainz (with the exception of Fritz the Cat producing "The Arrival"), the EP's sound is based on old school hip hop, which "throws back to classic bass tracks, from a time when trunks thumped and big bass bumped; an album that is straight rap patterns, with tight rhythm and loud sound." It was reissued in 2008 with two bonus tracks: "Yellow Tape" and "By My Side".
Sober living house
Sober living houses (SLHs), also called sober homes and sober living environments, are facilities that provide safe housing and supportive, structured living conditions for people exiting drug rehabilitation programs. SLHs serve as a transitional environment between such programs and mainstream society. Many SLHs also accept people who are in recovery from substance use disorders but have not recently completed a rehabilitation program.

Drug rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines. The general intent is to enable the patient to confront substance dependence, if present, and stop substance misuse to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and medical consequences that can be caused.

Treatment includes medication for comorbidities, counseling by experts, and sharing of experience with other recovering individuals.
Săcele
Săcele (Romanian: [səˈtʃele]; German: Siebendörfer; Hungarian: Négyfalu, between 1950 and 2001 Szecseleváros) is a city in Brașov County, Romania, in the Burzenland area of southeastern Transylvania, with a population of 30,920 inhabitants in 2021. It is adjacent to the city of Brașov, its city centre being situated 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away from downtown Brașov.

Țara Bârsei
Țara Bârsei (German: Burzenland listenⓘ; Hungarian: Barcaság) is a historic and ethnographic area in Brașov County, southeastern Transylvania, Romania with a mixed population of Romanians, Germans, and Hungarians.
Grimsbury
Grimsbury is a largely residential area which forms the eastern part of Banbury, in the Cherwell district, in the county of, Oxfordshire, England. It is situated east of the River Cherwell, the Oxford Canal and the Cherwell Valley Line railway.

Grimsbury includes Banbury railway station, Banbury United F.C.'s ground, and the town's Royal Mail sorting offices, which were built on the site of the former Banbury Merton Street railway station.

River Cherwell
The River Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ ⓘ CHAR-wel or /ˈtʃɜːrwɛl/ CHUR-wel) is a tributary of the River Thames in central England. It rises near Hellidon, Northamptonshire and flows southwards for 40 miles (64 km) to meet the Thames at Oxford in Oxfordshire.

The river gives its name to the Cherwell local government district and Cherwell, an Oxford student newspaper.
Bauerfield International Airport
Port Vila International Airport (IATA: VLI, ICAO: NVVV) (French: Aéroport International Port-Vila), widely known as Bauerfield International Airport (French: Aéroport International Bauerfield), is an airport located in Port Vila, Vanuatu. The airport is relatively small in size, but its runway has the capability and length to accept jets up to the Airbus A330. It served as the international hub for Vanuatu's flag carrier airline, Air Vanuatu, until its bankruptcy in 2024.

Air Vanuatu
Air Vanuatu is an domestic airline with its head office in Air Vanuatu House, Port Vila, Vanuatu. It is Vanuatu's national flag carrier, formerly operating to Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and points in the South Pacific. Its main base is Bauerfield International Airport, Port Vila. In May 2024, operations ceased with the airline placed into liquidation by the Government of Vanuatu. Limited domestic services resumed in August 2024.
Yinchuan
Yinchuan (Chinese: 银川; pinyin: Yínchuān; lit. "Silver River") is a prefecture‑level city and the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwest China. It served as the imperial capital of the Tangut‑led Western Xia (1038–1227).

Yinchuan hosts the biennial China–Arab States Expo. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Yinchuan’s administrative area had 2,859,074 inhabitants; the built‑up area had 2,564,918 residents, comprising the three urban districts and the urbanized parts of Helan and Yongning counties. At the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 2,914,700, an increase of 66,600 over the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 2,429,400.

Pagoda of Chengtian Temple
38°27′47″N 106°15′55″E﻿ / ﻿38.46306°N 106.26528°E﻿ / 38.46306; 106.26528

The Pagoda of Chengtian Temple (Chinese: 承天寺塔; pinyin: Chéngtiānsì Tǎ), meaning 'Bearing Heaven Pagoda',  is an eleven-storeyed brick pagoda located on the site of a previous Buddhist temple in Yinchuan city, Ningxia, China. The pagoda was originally built during the Western Xia, but the current structure dates to the Qing dynasty. At 64.5 metres (212 ft) in height it is the tallest pagoda in Ningxia. In contrast to the Haibao Pagoda in Yinchuan, which is known as the Northern Pagoda, Chengtian Temple Pagoda is also informally referred to as the Western Pagoda (Chinese: 西塔; pinyin: Xī Tǎ).
Vito Lavelua II
Vito Lavelua II was a king of Uvea, ruling from 1895 until 1904. He succeeded Queen Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki after her death (the succession causing a political crisis, before his appointment was finalized). He was succeeded by Lusiano Aisake.

Lusiano Aisake
Lusiano Aisake (died 7 September 1906) was a king of Uvea, who ruled from 1904 until 1906. He came to power after Vito Lavelua II in August 1904 when he was around 65 years old.: 16

According to Jean-Claude Roux, Lusiano Aisake was the “favorite of the resident Chauvot, but elected against the advice of the resident De Keroman”.: 16  The French captain Adigart, commanding the aviso Protet which passed through Wallis in October 1904, judged him "unfavorable to the whites of the island".: 16  The resident Viala judged him very negatively, "with a suspicious and authoritarian behavior".: 16

Aisake rules for two years; he died on 7 September 1906.: 122  One of his fourth cousins, Sosefo Mautāmakia I, succeeded him.: 122