hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biltmore Village Cottages
Biltmore Village Cottages are two historic homes formerly located at Biltmore Village, Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina.  They were designed by Richard Sharp Smith and built about 1900.  The dwellings are pebbledash finished half-timbered cottages. They were moved outside the district in August 1983.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Biltmore Village
Biltmore Village, formerly  Best, is a small village that is now entirely in the city limits of Asheville, North Carolina. It is adjacent to the main entrance of the Biltmore Estate, built by George W. Vanderbilt, one of the heirs to the Vanderbilt family fortune. Once known as the town of Best, Vanderbilt created this village as a "company town" for the estate workers. The community was planned and designed to reflect the qualities of an English country village. The village had its own church, which is still in operation today as the Cathedral of All Souls, an Episcopal cathedral. The village also had a hospital, shops, a school, a train station, and other services available.

Biltmore Village was incorporated into the City of Asheville in the early 20th century. Biltmore Village is now a commercial district that has an eclectic collection of shops, restaurants, and other businesses. The village has been home to the main office of monthly news magazine World since 2011.
Joe E. Brown
Joseph Evans Brown (July 28, 1891 – July 6, 1973) was an American actor and comedian, remembered for his friendly screen persona, comic timing, and enormous, elastic-mouth smile. He was one of the most popular American comedians in the 1930s and 1940s, and enjoyed lengthy careers in both motion pictures and radio. Later he became a character actor and comedian, as in Some Like It Hot (1959), in which he utters the film's famous punchline "Well, nobody's perfect."

Joe L. Brown
Joe LeRoy Brown (September 1, 1918 – August 15, 2010) was an American front office executive in Major League Baseball.

Brown served as the general manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates from November 1, 1955, through the end of the 1976 season. Under his administration, the Pirates recovered from four consecutive last-place finishes in the National League to world championships in 1960 and 1971. Led by the great Baseball Hall of Fame players Roberto Clemente, Bill Mazeroski and Willie Stargell, the Bucs became consistent contenders for much of Brown's 21-year tenure, finishing in the first division six times between 1956 and 1968, and capturing five National League East Division titles from 1970 through 1976.
Ian Millar
Ian Millar CM (born January 6, 1947) is a Canadian Equestrian Team athlete for show jumping. He is a two-time winner of the Show Jumping World Cup, and an Olympic silver medallist. Due to his longevity and accomplishments, he is often nicknamed "Captain Canada." He holds the record for most Olympic appearances by any athlete in any sport (10), shared with Georgian shooter Nino Salukvadze. A member of Canada's 2012 Olympic Games team, he broke the record when he took part in his tenth Games in London 2012.

Nino Salukvadze
Nino Salukvadze (Georgian: ნინო სალუქვაძე; born 1 February 1969, in Tbilisi) is a Georgian sport shooter. She is a ten-time Olympian, the record for appearances by a female athlete and tying Canadian showjumper Ian Millar for the most for any athlete. Salukvadze has won medals on three occasions, while competing on three different Olympic teams – for the Soviet Union in 1988, then the Unified Team at Barcelona in 1992 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and lastly for Georgia beginning in 1996.

At age 19 and competing for the Soviet Union at the 1988 Summer Olympics, she won a gold medal in the women's 25-metre sporting pistol competition and silver in the women's 10-metre air pistol competition. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, competing for Georgia, she added to her tally with a bronze medal, also in the 10-metre air pistol event.
Tom Steinberg
Tom Steinberg is a nonprofit leader and author, with a career history mainly in public interest technology, and in the profession of grantmaking. He is the founder and a former director of mySociety, a British-based international NGO that develops civic tech tools including TheyWorkForYou, Alaveteli and FixMyStreet. Steinberg worked in Tony Blair's Prime Minister's Strategy Unit from 2001 to 2003.

MySociety
mySociety is a UK-based registered charity, previously named UK Citizens Online Democracy. It began as a UK-focused organisation with the aim of making online democracy tools for UK citizens. However, those tools were open source, so that the code could be (and soon was) redeployed in other countries.
Bipolar cylindrical coordinates
Bipolar cylindrical coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from projecting the two-dimensional bipolar coordinate system in the
perpendicular -direction.  The two lines of foci
 and  of the projected Apollonian circles are generally taken to be 
defined by  and , respectively, (and by ) in the Cartesian coordinate system.

The term "bipolar" is often used to describe other curves having two singular points (foci), such as ellipses, hyperbolas, and Cassini ovals.  However, the term bipolar coordinates is never used to describe coordinates associated with those curves, e.g., elliptic coordinates.

Bipolar coordinates
Bipolar coordinates are a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system based on the Apollonian circles. There are also other systems, based on two poles (biangular coordinates, two-center bipolar coordinates).

The term "bipolar" is further used on occasion to describe other curves having two singular points (foci), such as ellipses, hyperbolas, and Cassini ovals.  However, the term bipolar coordinates is reserved for the coordinates described here, and never used for systems associated with those other curves, such as elliptic coordinates.
Fine Arts of Leningrad (Exhibition, 1976)
The Fine Arts of Leningrad retrospective exhibition (Russian: Выставка "Изобразительное искусство Ленинграда" 1976 года) became the largest showing of Leningrad artists in the Soviet History outside the city, as well as in total one of the most important art exhibitions in USSR of the 1970s. The exhibition took place in the Moscow Manezh.

Varlen Pen
Pen Varlen (Russian: Пен Варлен; Korean: 변월룡; Hanja: 邊月龍; MR: Pyŏn Wŏlryong; September 29, 1916 – May 26, 1990) was a Soviet Russian-Korean painter and graphic artist.

He was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, lived and worked in Leningrad, regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, and most famous for his portrait paintings. Pen also spent 15 months as a Professor and Dean at the Pyongyang Fine Arts University in North Korea between 1953 and 1954. In 2016, the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art held an exhibition in his name.
Ian Stewart (Labour politician)
Ian Stewart (born 28 August 1950) is a British Labour Party politician who was the member of parliament (MP) for Eccles from 1997 until 2010, when his seat was abolished and he was subsequently defeated in the selection process to be the Labour Parliamentary Candidate for the new parliamentary constituency of Salford and Eccles by Hazel Blears.

Standing as the Labour candidate for the new elected post of Mayor of Salford, he was elected as Mayor in the 2012 Salford mayoral election.

Mayor of Salford
The Mayor of Salford is a directly elected politician responsible for the executive functions of Salford City Council, created in 2012 for the City of Salford in Greater Manchester. The position is different from the long-existing and largely ceremonial, annually appointed ceremonial mayor of Salford.
Simone Tata
Simone Naval Tata (née Dunoyer; 2 March 1930 – 5 December 2025) was a Swiss-born Indian businesswoman, and a member of the Tata family. She was the step-mother of Ratan Tata, and was a key figure in building Lakmé Cosmetics and founded Trent Limited. Simone Tata played a significant role in India's beauty and retail sectors for over four decades. She was instrumental in establishing Trent (Westside).

Tata family
The Tata family is an Indian business family, based in Mumbai, India. The family company is Tata Sons, which is the main holding company of the Tata Group. About 65% of the stock in these companies is owned by various Tata family charitable trusts, mainly the Sir Ratan Tata Trust & Allied Trusts, and the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust & Allied Trusts. Approximately 18% of the shares are held by the Pallonji Mistry family, and the rest by various Tata sons.

The Tatas are a Parsi family and originally came to Mumbai from Navsari in the state of Gujarat. The founder of the family's fortune was Jamsetji Tata.
Michael van der Mark
Michael van der Mark (born 26 October 1992) is a motorcycle road racer based in the Netherlands. He competes in the Superbike World Championship with a BMW M1000RR. He was the 2012 European Superstock 600 champion. In 2013 and 2014, he won the Suzuka 8 Hours with Takumi Takahashi and Leon Haslam in the Endurance FIM World Championship on a Honda CBR1000RRW. In 2014, he won the Supersport World Championship with PATA Honda.

In 2015, van der Mark moved to the Superbike level continuing with the Pata Honda team. In 2017 he made his debut in the MotoGP class of Grand Prix motorcycle racing at Sepang as a replacement for ill rider Jonas Folger in the Tech 3 satellite Yamaha team. In the same year he won his third Suzuka 8 Hours, this time on a Yamaha YZF-R1 with Alex Lowes and Katsuyuki Nakasuga.

Katsuyuki Nakasuga
Katsuyuki Nakasuga (Japanese: 中須賀 克行, Hepburn: Nakasuga Katsuyuki; born 9 August 1981 in Fukuoka Prefecture) is a Japanese motorcycle racer. He races a factory Yamaha YZF-R1 in the JSB1000 class of the All Japan Road Race Championship. He has won the Suzuka 8 Hours four times (2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018) and the JSB1000 championship title thirteen times (2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2025).
Britnee Timberlake
Britnee N. Timberlake (born May 14, 1986) is an American Democratic Party elected official, community advocate, nonprofit executive, and humanitarian. She has represented the 34th Legislative District in the New Jersey Senate since January 2024, when she became New Jersey's youngest state senator. Before she took office in the senate, Timberlake had represented the 34th District in the New Jersey General Assembly from January 29, 2018, when she was sworn in to replace Sheila Oliver, who took office as Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey. Timberlake had served as Freeholder President of the Essex County Board of Chosen Freeholders, where she was at the time the state's only African-American woman to serve as a freeholder board leader.

East Orange, New Jersey
East Orange is a city in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 69,612, an increase of 5,342 (+8.3%) from the 2010 census count of 64,270, which in turn reflected a decline of 5,554 (−8.0%) from the 69,824 counted in the 2000 census. The city was the state's 17th most populous municipality in 2020, after having been ranked 20th in 2010 and 14th statewide in 2000. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 69,556 for 2023, making it the 544th-most populous municipality in the nation.
Hackerobrachys
Hackerobrachys is an Australian genus of planthoppers in the family Eurybrachidae. It has only one species, Hackerobrachys viridiventris, making it a monotypic taxon. This species was originally described as Olonia viridiventris in 1863 by Carl Stål, and was reassigned to the new genus Hackerobrachys in 2006 by Jérôme Constant.

Eurybrachidae
Eurybrachidae (sometimes misspelled "Eurybrachyidae" or "Eurybrachiidae") is a small family of planthoppers with species occurring in parts of Asia, Australia and Africa. They are remarkable for the sophistication of their automimicry.
Jewels of James III of Scotland
Some of the jewels belonging to James III of Scotland and his late consort Margaret of Denmark were described in an inventory made after his death at the battle of Sauchieburn in 1488. The inventory was published in 1815 by Thomas Thomson and in 1877 by Thomas Dickson.

Battle of Sauchieburn
The Battle of Sauchieburn was fought on 11 June 1488, at the side of Sauchie Burn, a stream about two miles (3 km) south of Stirling, Scotland.  The battle was fought between the followers of King James III of Scotland and a large group of rebellious Scottish nobles including the future Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home, who were nominally led by the king's 15-year-old son, James, Duke of Rothesay. James III was killed in the battle, and his son succeeded him as James IV.
8th Cavalry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 8th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army in World War I.  It was formed in Belgium in 1914 and served on the Western Front as part of the 3rd Cavalry Division.  It left the 3rd Cavalry Division on 14 March 1918.

G Parachute Battery (Mercer's Troop) Royal Horse Artillery
G Parachute Battery (Mercer's Troop) Royal Horse Artillery is a close support battery of 7th Parachute Regiment Royal Horse Artillery, part of the Royal Horse Artillery of the British Army, currently based in Merville Barracks in Colchester.

Formed in 1801, the battery has taken part in the Napoleonic Wars (notably the Battle of Waterloo where it earned its Honour Title as Mercer's Troop), the Indian Mutiny, the Second Boer War and the First and Second World Wars.

In 1961, it was given a parachute role as part of 7th Parachute Regiment Royal Horse Artillery and has seen considerable active service particularly in Northern Ireland (Operation Banner), the Balkans, Afghanistan and Iraq.
2012 Skate Canada International
The 2012 Skate Canada International was the second event of six in the 2012–13 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the WFCU Centre in Windsor, Ontario on October 26–28. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2012–13 Grand Prix Final.

2012–13 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2012–13 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was an international figure skating competition in the 2012–13 season, held together with the ISU Junior Grand Prix Final. The combined event was the culmination of two international series — the 2012–13 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating for senior-level skaters and the 2012–13 ISU Junior Grand Prix for juniors.

The event was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia from 6–9 December 2012. It was a test event in anticipation of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior and junior levels.
Little Heath School, Redbridge
Little Heath School is a secondary special school in the Little Heath, Ilford in the east of the London Borough of Redbridge, England. There are currently 142 pupils aged between 11 and 19 on roll.  They all have a variety of special educational needs including general learning difficulties, language and communication difficulties, autism spectrum disorders and other more complex needs.  The headteacher is Fawzia Govender.

Little Heath, London
Little Heath is a locality in the London Borough of Redbridge. To the east is Chadwell Heath in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, after which it was modelled. The postcode for the area is RM6. Little Heath School is based in the area. East London Transit route EL3 terminates at Little Heath.
Great Central Road
The Great Central Road is a mostly unsealed Australian highway that runs 1,126 km (700 mi) from Laverton, Western Australia to Yulara, Northern Territory . It passes through a number of small communities on the way. It forms part of the Outback Way which goes all the way to Winton, Queensland.

Warburton, Western Australia
Warburton, Warburton Ranges or Milyirrtjarra (in the Ngaanyatjarra dialect) is an Aboriginal Australian community in Western Australia, just to the south of the Gibson Desert and located on the Great Central Road (part of the Outback Way) and Gunbarrel Highway. At the 2016 census, Warburton had a population of 576.
Suran Subdistrict, Hama Governorate
Suran Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية صوران)  is a nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Hama District in the Hama Governorate, northwestern Syria.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Suran Subdistrict had a population of 90,654 people in the 2004 census.

Hama District
Hama District (Arabic: منطقة حماة Ḥamā) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the time of the 2023 Census, it had a population of 1,054,000 Its administrative centre is the city of Hama. It is now controlled by the Syrian transitional government
Gobierno del Cerrito
The Cerrito Government (Spanish: Gobierno del Cerrito, lit. "Little Hill Government") governed almost all the Uruguayan territory during the Great Siege of Montevideo (1843-1851). It was led by Manuel Oribe y Viana.

Uruguay was experiencing the Guerra Grande, between the two traditional parties Colorado and Blanco. Oribe sieged the city during 9 years; his headquarters were established on the Cerrito de la Victoria, at the present neighbourhood of Cerrito. Other notable posts were Villa Restauración (with tribunal and university) and Buceo (with its harbor).

Manuel Oribe
Manuel Ceferino Oribe y Viana (August 26, 1792 – November 12, 1857) was the 2nd Constitutional president of Uruguay and founder of Uruguay's National Party, the oldest Uruguayan political party and considered one of the two Uruguayan "traditional" parties, along with the Colorado Party, which was, until the 20th century, its only political adversary.
Nesselrode
The House of Nesselrode is an old German noble family originating in the Duchy of Berg. Over the centuries, the family expanded their possessions through marriage with the most powerful families of the region.  As a former ruling family they belonged to the small circle of Uradel (ancient nobility).

Karl Nesselrode
Karl Robert Reichsgraf von Nesselrode-Ehreshoven, also known as Charles de Nesselrode (Russian: Карл Васильевич Нессельроде, romanized: Karl Vasilyevich Nesselrode; 14 December 1780 – 23 March 1862), was a Russian diplomat of German noble descent. From 1816 to 1856, Nesselrode guided Russian policy as foreign minister. He was also a leading European conservative statesman of the Holy Alliance.
TOR1AIP1
Torsin-1A-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TOR1AIP1 gene. More commonly known as lamina associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1), it is a type II integral membrane protein that resides in the inner nuclear membrane. The luminal domain of LAP1 interacts with Torsin A and is necessary for the ATPase activity of Torsin A. LAP1 plays a critical role in skeletal and heart muscle. Mutations in TOR1AIP1 have been linked to muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy. It's deletion from mouse hepatocytes leads to defected very-low density lipoprotein secretion and causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Torsin A
Torsin-1A (TorA) also known as dystonia 1 protein (DYT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TOR1A gene (also known as DQ2 or DYT1). TorA localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and contiguous perinuclear space, where its ATPase activity is activated by either LULL1 or LAP1, respectively.
Oberhausen–Arnhem railway
The Oberhausen–Arnhem railway (also known in German as the Hollandstrecke, meaning "Holland line") is a two-track, electrified main line railway running close to the lower Rhine from Oberhausen via Wesel, Emmerich and the German–Dutch border to Arnhem and forms part of the line between the Ruhr and Amsterdam. The line was opened by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company in 1856 and is one of the oldest lines in Germany.

It branches in Oberhausen from the Duisburg–Dortmund line, a section of the Cologne-Minden trunk line and connects in Arnhem with the Rhine Railway to Amsterdam. The line is of high importance for international traffic, both for long-distance passenger services and for freight traffic and is listed as a priority project of the Trans-European Networks.

Duisburg–Dortmund railway
The Duisburg-Dortmund Railway is an important and historically significant railway in Germany. It is a major axis for long distance and regional passenger freight transport in the northern Ruhr. It is served by Intercity-Express, InterCity, Regional-Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains. It includes the central stations of Duisburg, Oberhausen, Gelsenkirchen, Dortmund and Wanne-Eickel and the regionally important stations of Essen-Altenessen and Herne.
It is the middle section of the Cologne-Minden trunk line from Cologne-Deutz to Minden. It was opened in 1847 and has been modernised and developed several times since then. Today, it has two to four tracks and is electrified and classified as a main line.
Hautus lemma
In control theory and in particular when studying the properties of a linear time-invariant system in state space form, the Hautus lemma (after Malo L. J. Hautus), also commonly known as the Popov-Belevitch-Hautus test or PBH test, gives equivalent conditions for certain properties of control systems.

A special case of this result appeared first in 1963 in a paper by Elmer G. Gilbert, and was later expanded to the current PBH test with contributions by Vasile M. Popov in 1966, Vitold Belevitch in 1968, and Malo Hautus in 1969, who emphasized its applicability in proving results for linear time-invariant systems.

Observability
Observability is a measure of how well internal states of a system can be inferred from knowledge of its external outputs.
In control theory, the observability and controllability of a linear system are mathematical duals.

The concept of observability was introduced by the Hungarian-American engineer Rudolf E. Kálmán for linear dynamic systems. A dynamical system designed to estimate the state of a system from measurements of the outputs is called a state observer for that system, such as Kalman filters.
S. Alam Group of Industries
S.Alam Group (Bengali: এস.আলম গ্রুপ) is a Bangladeshi industrial conglomerate. The group has been operating for 40 years, and currently employs over 20,000 across Bangladesh. It maintains investments in industrial manufacturing, food products, and energy production and provides materials utilised for Bangladesh's economic growth and activity, including cement and steel.

The group is under investigation by the Government of Bangladesh for alleged financial misdeeds. In December 2024, S.Alam Group issued a notice of dispute to the Interim Government of Bangladesh for the unlawful harming of assets by the Bangladesh Bank and other authorities.

First Security Islami Bank PLC
First Security Islami Bank PLC. (Bengali: ফার্স্ট সিকিউরিটি ইসলামী ব্যাংক পিএলসি.) is a public limited bank in Bangladesh which was founded on 29 August 1999 and provides sharia-compliant banking. Mohammed Saiful Alam, chairman of S. Alam Group of Industries, was the chairman of First Security Islami Bank Limited. The bank experienced a cash crunch in 2022 after approving large unsecured loans. The Bangladesh Bank on September 1, 2024, dissolved the board of First Security Islami Bank PLC, which was under the control of controversial S Alam Group, and appointed independent directors to the bank board.
Lomela River
The Lomela River is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is one of the main tributaries of the Busira River, which forms where the Lomela meets the Tshuapa River.
The Busira is in turn the main tributary of the Ruki River, which enters the Congo River to the north of Mbandaka.

Busira River
The Busira River is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is the main tributary of the Ruki River, which in turn is a tributary of the Congo River. 
The Busira may be seen as the upper reach of the Ruki River. It is navigable year round.