hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Listed buildings in Martons Both
Martons Both is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It contains 42 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, five are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of East Marton and West Marton, and the surrounding countryside. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes through the parish, and five bridges crossing it are listed. One of the more important buildings in the parish is Gledstone Hall, which is listed together with a number of associated structures. Most of the other listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, and the others include a church, a public house, three milestones, a set of stocks, a road bridge, a boundary stone, and a former lead smelting mill.

Gledstone Hall
Gledstone Hall is a 20th-century country house in West Marton, near Skipton, North Yorkshire, England.  Designed by Edwin Lutyens it stands in a 12-hectare (30-acre) estate. It is a Grade II* listed building. The gardens are separately listed Grade II.
Levi's lemma
In theoretical computer science and mathematics, especially in the area of combinatorics on words, the Levi lemma states that, for all strings u, v, x and y, if uv = xy, then there exists a string w such that either

uw = x  and v = wy (if |u| ≤ |x|)

or

u = xw and wv = y (if |u| ≥ |x|)

That is, there is a string w that is "in the middle", and can be grouped to one side or the other. Levi's lemma is named after Friedrich Wilhelm Levi, who published it in 1944.

Combinatorics on words
Combinatorics on words is a subfield of mathematics focused on the study of words and formal languages, which are (usually finite) strings of symbols from an arbitrary set (an "alphabet") and sets of words, respectively. The field has implications in various areas of mathematical study, notably algebra and theoretical computer science. Combinatorics on words became useful in the study of algorithms and coding.
Krossen
Krossen is a village in Lindesnes municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in the Mandalen valley, on the western shore of the river Mandalselva, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the town of Mandal and about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south of the village of Øyslebø.

The village (also known as Holum) was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Holum which existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. Holum Church, built in 1825, is located in Krossen.

The 0.48-square-kilometre (120-acre) village has a population (2019) of 620 and a population density of 1,301 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,370/sq mi).

Lindesnes
Lindesnes (English: the Naze) is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Mandal. Other villages in Lindesnes include Åvik, Høllen, Skofteland, Svenevig, Vigmostad, Heddeland, Bjelland, Breland, Koland, Laudal, Øyslebø, Bykjernen, Skjebstad, Sånum-Lundevik, Skogsfjord-Hesland, Krossen, Harkmark, Skinsnes-Ime, and Tregde-Skjernøy.

The 934-square-kilometre (361 sq mi) municipality is the 126th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lindesnes is the 55th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 23,479. The municipality's population density is 26.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (69/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.2% over the previous 10-year period.
The Android Invasion
The Android Invasion is the fourth serial of the thirteenth season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 22 November to 13 December 1975.

The serial is set on the planet Oseidon and in England. In the serial, the alien race the Kraals plot to wipe out humanity with a virus to prepare the Earth for their invasion.

The serial was directed by former series producer Barry Letts and written by Terry Nation — his first Doctor Who script for eleven years not to feature his creations, the Daleks. The serial marks the last appearances in the programme of both John Levene in his recurring role as Sergeant Benton, and also of Ian Marter, who makes a guest appearance as previous companion Harry Sullivan.

Doctor Who season 13
The thirteenth season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 30 August 1975 with the story Terror of the Zygons, and ended with The Seeds of Doom. This is the second series to feature the Fourth Doctor, played by Tom Baker, with Philip Hinchcliffe producing and Robert Holmes script editing. In September 2009, it was ranked as readers' favourite season in Doctor Who Magazine issue 413.
Neuenknick Speedway
Neuenknick Speedway is a German motorcycle speedway team called SC Neuenknick and speedway track known as the Stadion Lindenau, which is located approximately 12 kilometres north east of Petershagen on Brennwisk 40.

Petershagen
Petershagen (German pronunciation: [ˌpeːtɐsˈhaːɡn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Päitershaugen) is a town in the Minden-Lübbecke district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies on the Westphalian Mill Route. The core is formed by the districts of Petershagen and Lahde, located opposite each other on the Weser. Its typical dialect belongs, as with the Bremer Platt to the Southern Oldenburgish variety Northern Low Saxon, itself a dialect of the Low German language.
Dawenkou culture
The Dawenkou culture was a Chinese Neolithic culture primarily located in the eastern province of Shandong, but also appearing in Anhui, Henan and Jiangsu. The culture existed from 4300 to 2600 BC, and co-existed with the Yangshao culture. Turquoise, jade and ivory artefacts are commonly found at Dawenkou sites. The earliest examples of alligator drums appear at Dawenkou sites. Neolithic signs, perhaps related to subsequent scripts, such as those of the Shang dynasty, have been found on Dawenkou pottery. Additionally, the Dawenkou practiced dental ablation and cranial deformation, practices that disappeared in China by the Chinese Bronze Age.

Longshan culture
The Longshan culture, also sometimes referred to as the Black Pottery Culture, was a late Neolithic culture in the middle and lower Yellow River valley areas of northern China from about 3000 to 1900 BC. The first archaeological find of this culture took place at the Chengziya Archaeological Site in 1928, with the first excavations in 1930 and 1931. The culture is named after the nearby modern town of Longshan (lit. "Dragon Mountain") in Zhangqiu, Shandong. The culture was noted for its highly polished black pottery (or egg-shell pottery).

The population expanded dramatically during the 3rd millennium BC, with many settlements having rammed earth walls. In addition to the Shandong area, variants developed in the middle Yellow River area, Taosi in the Fen River valley, and in the Wei River valley. Around 2000 BC, the population decreased sharply and large settlements were abandoned in most areas except the central area, which evolved into the Bronze Age Erlitou culture.
Workplace relationship
Workplace relationships are unique interpersonal relationships with important implications for the individuals in those relationships, and the organizations in which the relationships exist and develop.

Workplace relationships directly affect a worker's ability and drive to succeed. These connections are multifaceted, can exist in and out of the organization, and can be both positive and negative. One such detriment lies in the nonexistence of workplace relationships, which can lead to feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Workplace relationships are not limited to friendships, but also include superior-subordinate, romantic, and family relationships.

Workplace
A workplace is a location where someone works, for their employer or themselves; a place of employment. Such a place can range from a home office to a large office building or factory. For industrialized societies, the workplace is one of the most important social spaces other than the home, constituting "a central concept for several entities: the worker and [their] family, the employing organization, the customers of the organization, and the society as a whole". The development of new communication technologies has led to the development of the virtual workplace and remote work.
Jasper National Park
Jasper National Park, in Alberta, Canada, is the largest national park within Alberta's Rocky Mountains, spanning 11,000 km2 (4,200 sq mi). It was established as Jasper Forest Park in 1907, renamed as a national park in 1930, and declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1984. Its location is north of Banff National Park and west of Edmonton. The park contains the glaciers of the Columbia Icefield, springs, lakes, waterfalls and mountains.

Smoky River
The Smoky River is a river in western Alberta, Canada. It is a major tributary of the Peace River.  The name refers to the presence of "smouldering beds of coal in the riverbank" noted by the Cree people, an Indigenous people of the area.

It drains an area of 50,300 km2 (19,400 sq mi). From its headwaters to the Peace River, the Smoky River has a total length of 492 kilometres (306 mi). The average discharge is 347 m3/s (12,300 cu ft/s).
Independent bookstore
An independent bookstore is a retail bookstore which is independently owned. Usually, independent stores consist of only a single actual store (although there are some multi-store independents). They may be structured as sole proprietorships, closely held corporations or partnerships, cooperatives, or nonprofits. Independent stores can be contrasted with chain bookstores, which have many locations and are owned by corporations which often have divisions in other lines besides bookselling. Specialty stores such as comic book shops tend to be independent.

Author events at independent bookstores sometimes take the role of literary salons and independents historically supported new authors and independent presses.

Lewis H. Michaux
Lewis H. Michaux (1885/1895 – 1976) was a Harlem bookseller and civil rights activist. Between 1932 and 1974 he owned the African National Memorial Bookstore in Harlem, New York City, one of the most prominent African-American bookstores in the country.
2017 Big 12 Championship Game
The  2017 Big 12 Championship Game was a college football game played on Saturday, December 2, 2017, at AT&T Stadium, in Arlington. This was the 16th Big 12 Championship Game and determined the 2017 champion of the Big 12 Conference. This was the first year of the current division-less format of the game; instead of representatives from two divisions, the two teams with the best conference records earned a spot in the game. The game featured the top-seeded, Oklahoma Sooners and the second-seeded, TCU Horned Frogs.

2017 TCU Horned Frogs football team
The 2017 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The 122nd TCU football team played as a member of the Big 12 Conference and played their home games at Amon G. Carter Stadium, on the TCU campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were led by 17th-year head coach Gary Patterson. They finished the season 11–3, 7–2 in Big 12 play to finish in second place. They lost to Oklahoma in the Big 12 Championship Game. They were invited to the Alamo Bowl where they defeated Stanford.
Mikio Narita
Mikio Narita (Japanese: 成田三樹夫, Hepburn: Narita Mikio; 31 January 1935 – 9 April 1990) was a Japanese actor. He was most famous for playing villains, and often worked with Kinji Fukasaku.

Narita graduated from Haiyuza Theatre Company acting school and joined Daiei Film. His career as a screen actor started in 1963. His film debut was the 1963 film Kōkō Sannensei. He gradually won fame by playing the role of the villains. In 1971, Narita left Daiei and became a freelance actor. As a freelance actor he appeared in many yakuza films produced by Toei film company. In Japan he is best known for his role in Tantei Monogatari (TV series). He is also well known for his part in Fukasaku's Battles Without Honor and Humanity series. He also portrayed the evil character in Mito Kōmon (3rd season).

He died of linitis plastica on 9 April 1990. His final film role was in the 1990 film Jipangu.

Kage Gari
Kage Gari (影狩り; lit. Shadow Hunters) is a 1969 jidaigeki manga series by Takao Saito. It follows the adventures of three ronin - Jubei (十兵衛), Sunlight (日光), and Moonlight (月光) - who dedicate their lives to hunt down "shadows", the ninja spies of the Tokugawa shogunate.
WeLion
Beijing WeLion New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., known simply as WeLion New Energy or WeLion (Mandarin: 卫蓝; pinyin: Wèilán), is a Chinese battery manufacturer specializing in semi-solid and solid state batteries for use in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. The company is headquartered in the Beijing's Fangshan District, and is a spinoff from the Laboratory of Renewable Energy of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is best known for supplying the world's first mass produced semi-solid-state battery cells for an automotive traction battery application, in the form of Nio's 150 kWh swappable battery pack.

Nio Inc.
Nio Inc. (Chinese: 蔚来; pinyin: Wèilái; stylized as NIO) is a Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Shanghai. Founded in 2014, it adopted its current name in 2016. The company designs and sells electric vehicles, including sedans and SUVs, and has expanded into smartphone development.

In 2018, Nio filed for an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange. It collaborates with the government-licensed vehicle manufacturer JAC Group to operate two production plants in Hefei, Anhui, China.

Nio operates more than 1,300 battery swapping stations in China (as of 2022). The company develops semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicle technologies and has participated in Formula E racing since 2014. In 2024, it launched the Onvo brand to serve the mass-market segment.
Towé
Towé is an arrondissement in the Plateau department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Pobè. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 11,712.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Thomas Semys
Thomas Semys (died 1603) was an English politician from Gloucester.

He was appointed sheriff of Gloucester for 1558–9 and 1563–4, created an alderman and made mayor for 1565, 1578 and 1599.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Gloucester in 1572.

He left his property to his only daughter, Margaret.

Mayor of Gloucester
The Mayor of Gloucester is the first citizen of the City of Gloucester, England, and acts as chair of the council. The Mayor represents the Council and the City at civic, ceremonial and community events both inside the City boundaries and elsewhere.

The first recorded mayor of Gloucester was Richard the Burgess, who derived his authority from a royal order in 1228. No further use of the title is recorded until the Letters Patent of Richard III in October 1483, whereby the burgesses of Gloucester were given the right to elect their first mayor. The first mayor to be so elected was John Trye.
Unlawful Drilling Act 1819
The Unlawful Drilling Act 1819 (60 Geo. 3 & 1 Geo. 4. c. 1), also known as the Training Prevention Act is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was one of the Six Acts passed after the Peterloo massacre.

This act was excluded by article 54(4) of the Firearms (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (SI 1981/155 (N.I. 2)), and by article 49(4) of the Firearms (Northern Ireland) Order 2004 (SI 2004/702 (N.I.)), and saved on 27 August 1991 by sections 32(4) and 69 of the Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1991.

Six Acts
The Six Acts were legislation introduced by the Liverpool ministry to prevent future disturbances following the Peterloo Massacre in Manchester on 16 August 1819. The acts were intended to suppress any meetings for the purpose of radical reform. Élie Halévy considered them a panic-stricken extension of "the counter-revolutionary terror ... under the direct patronage of Lord Sidmouth and his colleagues"; some later historians have treated them as relatively mild gestures towards law and order, only tentatively enforced.
Nuclear Risk Reduction Center
The Nuclear Risk Reduction Center (NRRC) is part of the United States Department of State. Its Russian counterpart in Moscow is the National Nuclear Risk Reduction Center in the Russian Ministry of Defense.

The NRRC was created in 1987 by an agreement between the United States Secretary of State and the Soviet Foreign Minister.  Its purpose was to create an additional channel of communication for the prevention of nuclear war, in addition to the Hot Line and diplomatic channels. The NRRC began operations on April 1, 1988. The NRRC is online 24 hours a day and relays information regarding the arms activities of both nations so as to prevent accidental outbreak of nuclear war.

In 2013, the Nuclear Risk Reduction Center was expanded in scope in order to convey inquiries and messages regarding cybersecurity incidents. On October 31, 2016, the channel was used to convey a message demanding an end to Russian interference with the United States Presidential election.

Moscow–Washington hotline
The Moscow–Washington hotline (formally known in the United States as the Washington–Moscow Direct Communications Link; Russian: Горячая линия Вашингтон – Москва, romanized: Goryachaya liniya Vashington–Moskva) is a system that allows direct communication between the leaders of the United States and the Russian Federation (formerly the Soviet Union). This hotline was established in 1963 and links the Pentagon with the Kremlin (historically, with Soviet Communist Party leadership across the square from the Kremlin itself). Although in popular culture it is known as the "red telephone", the hotline was never a telephone line, and no red phones were used. The first implementation used Teletype equipment, and shifted to fax machines in 1986. Since 2008, the Moscow–Washington hotline has been a secure computer link over which messages are exchanged by a secure form of email.
2012 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2012 Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the seventh edition of the annual men's volleyball tournament, played by eight countries over July, 2012 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The event served as a qualifier for the 2013 FIVB Volleyball World League qualification.

The United States won the tournament for the fifth time after beating Argentina 3–0 in the final.

Dominican Republic earned the right to play in the 2013 FIVB Volleyball World League qualification finishing third after United States and Argentina who are already qualified to the 2013 FIVB Volleyball World League

Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup is a men's volleyball tournament organized by NORCECA. Initially, only NORCECA teams participated, but CSV teams have been invited since 2010. The event served as a qualifier for World League and the America's Cup. Now, the event serves as an America qualifier for the Pan American Games classification. The women have their own equivalent of the tournament, the Women's Pan-American Cup.
Cape Mounted Riflemen
The Cape Mounted Riflemen were South African military units.

There were two separate successive regiments of that name.  To distinguish them, some military historians describe the first as the "imperial" Cape Mounted Riflemen (originally the "Cape Regiment"), and the second as the "colonial" Cape Mounted Riflemen.

Xhosa Wars
The Xhosa Wars were a series of nine wars (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers from the Dutch colonial empire in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa.

Tensions existed between the various Europeans in the Cape region, tensions between Empire administration and colonial governments, and tensions within the Xhosa Kingdom, e.g. chiefs rivaling each other, which usually led to Europeans taking advantage of the situation to meddle in Xhosa politics. A perfect example of this is the case of chief Ngqika and his uncle, chief Ndlambe.

The conflicts between the Xhosa and British were covered extensively in the metropolitan British press, generating increased demand among the British public for information about their country's far-off colonial conflicts.
Zatoka, Odesa Oblast
Zatoka (Ukrainian: Затoка, romanized: Zatoka; Romanian: Zatoca or Bugaz) is a rural settlement in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion, Odesa Oblast, in southwestern Ukraine. It belongs to Karolino-Buhaz rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of Zatoka is 1,972 (2022 estimate). Its name comes from the Ukrainian-language word zatoka, meaning "bay".

The settlement is a local beach resort. Additionally, Zatoka contains a small port named Buhaz, which has a single pier and is part of the Port of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky. The settlement is located on a sand spit of the Dniester Estuary next to where the Dniester flows into the Black Sea. It is 60 km from Odesa and 18 km from the city of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Odesa Oblast, in the historical region of Budjak or southern Bessarabia.

Zatoka Bridge opened in 1955 and carries the R70 national road and the railway line from Odesa to Bessarabia.

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Seaport
The Seaport Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (Ukrainian: Морський порт "Білгород-Дністровський") is a seaport in the city of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Ukraine. It is located on the north-western shore of Black Sea at Dniester Estuary, to the south-west from Odesa.

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Seaport is mainly a freight seaport. The port covers some 64.5 thousands hectares. Port also has a special port "Buhaz" with a single pier. The Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Seaport has an area of 14,700 m2 (158,000 sq ft) for covered storage and 192,180 m2 (2,068,600 sq ft) for open storage. The total length of a pier complex is 1,225.9 m (4,022 ft). Upon the entrance to the Dniester estuary, a local bridge allows 28 m (92 ft) of clearance for the incoming ships.

Port "Buhaz" is located in a somewhat remote location from the main port in the rural settlement of Zatoka in Karolino-Buhaz rural hromada.
Francis Popham (1646–1674)
Sir Francis Popham KB (1646–1674), of Littlecote House, Wiltshire and Houndstreet, Somerset, was an English politician.

He was the eldest surviving son of Alexander Popham of Littlecote.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Bath from 1669 to 1674. He succeeded his father in 1669 and was made a Knight of the Bath the same year.

He married Helena, the daughter and heiress of Hugh Rogers of Cannington, Somerset and had a son, Alexander and a daughter.

Alexander Popham (died 1705)
Alexander Popham (c. 1670 – 16 June 1705), of Littlecote House, Littlecote, Wiltshire, and St. James's Square, London, was an English politician.

He was the only son of Sir Francis Popham of Littlecote Park.

Popham was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Chippenham in 1690–1698 and for Bath from 1698 until his death on 16 June 1705.

He married Anne Montagu, daughter of Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu. Their daughter, Elizabeth (died 20 March 1761), married firstly Edward Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke, and secondly Francis Seymour, of Sherborne, Dorset.