hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Facial toning
Facial toning, or facial exercise, is a type of cosmetic procedure or physical therapy tool which alters facial contours by means of increasing muscle tone and facial volume by promoting muscular hypertrophy, and preventing muscle loss due to aging or facial paralysis.  Facial toning and exercise is therefore in part a technique to achieve facial rejuvenation by reducing wrinkles, sagging, and expression marks on the face and skin. As a physical therapy, facial toning is used for victims of stroke and forms of facial paralysis such as Bell's palsy. Facial toning achieves this by performing facial muscle exercising. There are two types of facial toning exercises: active and passive face exercises.

Facial rejuvenation
Facial rejuvenation is a cosmetic treatment (or series of cosmetic treatments), which aims to restore a youthful appearance to the human face. Facial rejuvenation can be achieved through either surgical and/or non-surgical options. Procedures can vary in invasiveness and depth of treatment. Surgical procedures can restore facial symmetry through targeted procedures and facial restructuring and skin alterations. Non-surgical procedures can target specific depths of facial structures and treat localized facial concerns such as wrinkles, skin laxity, hyperpigmentation and scars.

Surgical (invasive) facial rejuvenation procedures can include a brow lift (forehead lift), eye lift (blepharoplasty), facelift (rhytidectomy), chin lift and neck lift. Non-surgical (non-invasive) facial rejuvenation treatments can include chemical peels, neuromodulator (such as botox), dermal fillers, laser resurfacing, photorejuvenation, radiofrequency, and ultrasound.
Ampharetinae
Ampharetinae are a subfamily of terebellid "bristle worm" (class Polychaeta). They are the largest subfamily of the Ampharetidae, of which they contain the great majority of the described genera.

The majority of ampharetines are marine organisms like usual for polychaetes. However, some members of this subfamily are among the rare euryhaline polychaetes, inhabiting brackish and freshwater habitat. They are generally smallish deposit feeders which frequently live in small tubes they build from mud or similar substrate, or burrow in the sand.

Terebellida
Terebellida make up an order of the Polychaeta class, commonly referred to as "bristle worms". Together with the Sabellida, the Spionida and some enigmatic families of unclear taxonomic relationship (e.g. the Saccocirridae), they make up the subclass Canalipalpata, one of the three main clades of polychaetes. Like most polychaetes, almost all members of the Terebellida are marine organisms. Most are small, sessile detritivores (deposit feeders) which live in small tubes they build from mud or similar substrate, or burrow in the sand. Their central nervous system displays characteristic apomorphies.
Brugnola
Brugnola is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Lombardy wine region of Valtellina. While historically, Brugnola was thought to be a local synonym for Emilia-Romagna wine grape Fortana, DNA analysis has shown that the two grapes are distinct variety and that, instead, Brugnola shares a close genetic relationship with the Piedmont wine grape Nebbiolo.

Today, Brugnola is a permitted grape variety in the Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) of Valtellina Superiore with the grape most often seen from the Valtellina subzone of Grumello.

Rossola nera
Rossola nera is a red Italian wine grape variety that has been growing in the Valtellina region of Lombardy since at least the 17th century. In 2004 DNA profiling determined that the grape has a parent-offspring relationship with the Piedmont wine grape Nebbiolo though which variety is the parent and which is the offspring is not yet clear. However, most ampelographers believe that Nebbiolo is likely the parent variety since written records in Piedmont have noted Nebbiolo being grown since at least the 13th century.
Charlie Chaplin (2002 film)
Charlie Chaplin is a 2002 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by Sakthi Chidambaram, starring Prabhu and Prabhu Deva in the lead roles. Abhirami, Gayathri Raguram and Livingston play other supporting roles. It was released on 15 February 2002, and became a commercial success. Prabhu won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for his performance in the film. The film's commercial success led to remakes in several languages, such as in Telugu as Pellam Oorelithe, Hindi as No Entry, Malayalam as Happy Husbands, Kannada as Kalla Malla Sulla, Marathi as No Entry Pudhe Dhoka Aahey and in Bengali as Kelor Kirti.

Kalla Malla Sulla
Kalla Malla Sulla is a 2011 Indian Kannada-language film in the comedy genre starring V. Ravichandran, Ramesh Aravind, Vijay Raghavendra in the lead roles. The film has been directed and written by Udhaya Prakash and produced by K. Manju. Alex Paul has composed the music. This is a remake of the successful 2002 Tamil film Charlie Chaplin.
Drew Pearson (journalist)
Andrew Russell Pearson (December 13, 1897 – September 1, 1969) was an American columnist, noted for his syndicated newspaper column "Washington Merry-Go-Round". He also had a program on NBC Radio titled Drew Pearson Comments. He was known for his approach towards high-level politicians, such as senators, cabinet members, generals and American presidents.

Friendship Train
The 1947 U.S. Friendship Train collected foodstuffs from American donors for transport to the people of France and Italy.  Contemporaneous with the Marshall Plan, it provided desperately needed assistance in the aftermath of World War II, but was primarily a token gesture of goodwill, with stops across the U.S. ending at New York City, where it was received with a ticker tape parade prior to shipment to Europe.
BRM Land Africa
The BRM Land Africa is a Portuguese ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by BRM Costruções Aeronáuticas. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Chris Heintz, the designer of the Zenith STOL CH 701 considers the Land Africa an unauthorized copy of the CH 701. The Land Africa varies from CH 701 in having a wider and longer cockpit.

BRM Costruções Aeronáuticas
BRM Costruções Aeronáuticas (English: BRM Aircraft Manufacturing) is a Portuguese aircraft manufacturer based in Pêro Pinheiro, Sintra. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight aircraft in the form kits for amateur construction and ready-to-fly aircraft for the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category.

The company is noted as one of very few light aircraft manufacturers located in Portugal, a country not known for aircraft production.

BRM's aircraft are built with aluminium sheet "all-metal" construction. The company's first light two-seat STOL design was the BRM Okavango, which was superseded by the BRM Land Africa. The BRM Citius is an improved model, with a higher cruise speed. The company also produces a low-wing design, the two-seat BRM Argos.

Chris Heintz, the designer of the Zenith STOL CH 701 considers the Land Africa an unauthorized copy of the CH 701.
Direct Blue 1
Direct Blue 1 is an organic compound that is one of many azo dyes.  This salt is used as a substantive dye for textiles with high contents of cellulose, i.e. cotton.  It is prepared by the azo coupling of the aminonaphthalene and diazotized derivative of o-dianisidine.

Azo dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C−N=N−C linkage. Azo dyes are synthetic dyes and do not occur naturally. Most azo dyes contain only one azo group but there are some that contain two or three azo groups, called "diazo dyes" and "triazo dyes" respectively. Azo dyes comprise 60–70% of all dyes used in food and textile industries. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles,  leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related derivatives of azo dyes include azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents.
Goodspeed Musicals
Goodspeed Musicals is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and advancement of musical theater and the creation of new works, located in East Haddam, Connecticut. Its landmark Goodspeed Opera House is a distinctive feature of the view from the Connecticut River and is the birthplace of some of the world's most famous musicals, including Annie, Man of La Mancha, and Shenandoah.

Goodspeed Musicals also includes the Norma Terris Theatre in Chester as well as several writing and performing seminars. Goodspeed Musicals is considered one of the foremost regional theaters in the United States to date producing 250 musicals, over 70 world premieres, and sending 21 productions to Broadway.  Goodspeed Musicals is the first regional theatre in America to earn two special Tony Awards, one in 1980 for outstanding contributions to the American musical and a second in 1995 for distinguished achievement for a regional theatre.

East Haddam, Connecticut
East Haddam is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 8,875 at the time of the 2020 census. It includes summer resorts, historical sites, and natural areas.
Grim trigger
In game theory, grim trigger (also called the grim strategy or just grim) is a trigger strategy for a repeated game.

Initially, a player using grim trigger will cooperate, but as soon as the opponent defects (thus satisfying the trigger condition), the player using grim trigger will defect for the remainder of the iterated game.  Since a single defect by the opponent triggers defection forever, grim trigger is the most strictly unforgiving of strategies in an iterated game.

In Robert Axelrod's book The Evolution of Cooperation, grim trigger is called "Friedman", for a 1971 paper by James W. Friedman, which uses the concept.

Tit for tat
Tit for tat is an English saying meaning "equivalent retaliation". It is an alternation of tip for tap "blow for blow", first recorded in 1558.

It is also a highly effective strategy in game theory. An agent using this strategy will first cooperate, then subsequently replicate an opponent's previous action. If the opponent previously was cooperative, the agent is cooperative. If not, the agent is not. This is similar to reciprocal altruism in biology.
Sphincterochila
Sphincterochila is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Sphincterochilidae.

Sphincterochila is the type genus of the family Sphincterochilidae.

Species in the genus Sphincterochila are arid-adapted (adapted to living in very dry conditions).

Sphincterochilidae
Sphincterochilidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

In the fossil record, Sphincterochilidae are known from the upper Eocene to the Holocene.
Haixi Mangnai Airport
Haixi Mangnai Airport (IATA: HTT, ICAO: ZLHX) is an airport in Mangnai, a county-level city of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, China.  The airport is located near the town of Huatugou, at an altitude of 2,945 metres (9,662 ft) above sea level.  Construction began on 30 December 2011 with an estimated total investment of 700 million yuan. The airport was opened on 26 June 2015.

Mangnai
Mangnai, also known as Mang'ai, is a county-level city in the northwest of Qinghai Province, China, bordering Xinjiang to the north and west. It is under the administration of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It is one of the most remote cities in China, the closest other city, Ruoqiang, is located 350 kilometres (220 mi) away. In 2020 it had a population of 18856. The name Mangnai is based on the Mongolian word for 'forehead'.

It was formed in 2018 when the Mangnai and Lenghu administrative zones merged to establish the county-level city of Mangnai.
Tiger Beer
Tiger Beer is a Singaporean brand of beer first launched in 1932. It is currently produced by Heineken Asia Pacific, formerly known as Asia Pacific Breweries. The company is a joint venture between Heineken N.V. and Singaporean multinational food and beverage company Fraser and Neave.

The Tiger Brewery Tour is a tourist attraction located in the Tuas district of the country, which offers guided visits as to how the beer is brewed. According to a Brand Finance report, Tiger is among Singapore's 10 most valuable brands.

The Malayan Trilogy
The Malayan Trilogy, also published as  The Long Day Wanes: A Malayan Trilogy in the United States, is a comic 'triptych' of novels by Anthony Burgess set amidst the decolonisation of Malaya.

It is a detailed fictional exploration of the effects of the Malayan Emergency and of Britain's final withdrawal from its Southeast Asian territories. The American title, decided on by Burgess himself, is taken from Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem Ulysses: 'The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks: | The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep | Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends, | 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world.' (ll. 55–57)

The three volumes are:

Time for a Tiger (1956)

The Enemy in the Blanket (1958)

Beds in the East (1959)

The trilogy tracks the fortunes of the history teacher Victor Crabbe, his professional difficulties, his marriage problems, and his attempt to do his duty in the war against the insurgents.
Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe
Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is a ductile iron pipe with cement lining on the inside surface, and is commonly used for water distribution.

Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is governed by standards set forth by DIPRA (Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association), and was first used in 1922 in Charleston, South Carolina.

Ductile Iron is commonly used in place of cast iron pipe for fluid distribution systems. The purpose of installing a cement/mortar lining to the interior wall of the pipe is to reduce the process of tuberculation inside the pipe network. The cement/mortar lining provides an area of high pH near the pipe wall and provides a barrier between the water and the pipe, reducing its susceptibility to corrosion.

Ductile iron pipe
Ductile iron pipe is pipe made of ductile cast iron commonly used for potable water transmission and distribution. This type of pipe is a direct development of earlier cast iron pipe, which it has superseded.
Michael Zucchet
Michael J. Zucchet (born December 24, 1969) is an American Democratic politician, a former member of the San Diego City Council, and a former deputy mayor of San Diego. In 2005, he briefly served as the acting mayor of San Diego.

San Diego City Council
32°43′01″N 117°09′47″W﻿ / ﻿32.71691°N 117.16297°W﻿ / 32.71691; -117.16297

The San Diego City Council is the legislative branch of government for the City of San Diego. The city council was first established in San Diego in 1850. The council is part of a strong mayor system with a separately elected mayor who acts as the executive of the city. There are currently nine members of the council. City council members serve a four-year term and are limited to two successive terms.
Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg
Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (2 December 1629 – 10 April 1704) was a German count and later prince of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg in the Holy Roman Empire. He was a clergyman who became bishop of Strasbourg, and was heavily involved in European politics after the Thirty Years' War. He worked for the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne and Louis XIV of France at the same time, and was arrested and tried for treason for convincing the Elector to fight on the opposite side of a war from the Empire.

Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg was a county and later a principality in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the historical territory of Heiligenberg. It was created as a partition of Fürstenberg-Baar in 1559, and it suffered one partition between itself and Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen in 1617.

When Herman Egon of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg was elevated to the estate of imperial princes (Reichsfürstenstand) in 1664, Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg was raised to a principality and existed as an imperially immediate territory. It inherited Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen in 1698, but following the extinction of its branch in 1716, it was  inherited by Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg.
Central Bureau of Statistics (North Korea)
Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS; Korean: 조선 중앙 통계국; also known as the Central Statistic Bureau, or the Central Statistical Bureau) is the national statistical office of North Korea.

Recent censuses of North Korea have been conducted by CBS. It has also published statistics about electricity.

Very little is known about the bureau or its staff, and even its ability to compose accurate statistics is in dispute. Their accuracy has been disputed by various United Nations organizations and foreign observers.

1993 North Korean census
The 1993 North Korean census (Korean: 1993년 조선민주주의인민공화국 인구일제조사) was a census conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics of North Korea on 31 December 1993. It was the first census held in North Korea since the founding of the country in 1949, for which Beijing provided technical assistance to Pyongyang.

The population of the country, according to this census, was 21,213,478, with a predominantly urban population, with the highest population density in the western and southwestern regions of Pyongyang, Nampo, South Hwanghae Province, and North Pyongan Province. The life expectancy at birth was of 70.7 years (67.8 for males and 73.9 for females). In addition, more than 11.8 million people in the country were in the labour force, an estimated 56% of the total population, and 691,027 were in the military, or 3.3% of the total population.
Tree Top Piru
The Tree Top Piru (also known as the Bompton Tree Top Piru) are a "set" of the Piru gang alliance, which is itself a part of the larger Bloods gang alliance. The gang gained notability for its connection to rappers Hitman Holla, YG 400 and DJ Quik.  The gang started in Compton, California in the 1970s, but has since spread to other parts of the United States.

Bloods
The Bloods are a primarily African American street gang which was founded in Los Angeles, California. The gang is widely known for its rivalry with the Crips. It is identified by the red color worn by its members and by particular gang symbols, including distinctive hand signs.

The Bloods comprise various subgroups known as "sets", among which significant differences exist, such as colors, clothing, operations, and political ideas that may be in open conflict with each other. Since the gang's creation, it has branched throughout the United States.
Epic Conditions
Epic Conditions is a non-fiction television series shown on The Weather Channel that premiered on Sunday, March 4, 2007. The show's main emphasis to show viewers about how weather can affect athletic and sports events. Epic Conditions and WeatherVentures launched as The Weather Channel's first HD programs on Monday, October 1, 2007 - HD studio shows would not start until eight months later.

WeatherVentures
WeatherVentures is a non-fiction program that aired on The Weather Channel hosted by Meteorologist Jeff Mielcarz. The purpose of this show was to inform people of how weather affects different parts of the United States. It debuted on Monday, October 1, 2007 and was canceled in early 2009. WeatherVentures was one of the first HD programs on The Weather Channel along with Epic Conditions.
Koiak 9
Koiak 8 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 10

The ninth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 5, of the Julian calendar, and December 18, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

Koiak 10
Koiak 9 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 11

The tenth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 6, of the Julian calendar, and December 19, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.
Fonchiiloricaria
Fonchiiloricaria is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armored suckermouth catfishes. The only species in this genus is Fonchiiloricaria nanodon, a catfish which is known only from the middle Huallaga River drainage, near Tingo Maria in Peru.

The generic name Fonchiiloricaria honours the Peruvian ichthyologist Fonchii Chang, who collected the holotype, and the specific name νᾶνος "nā́nos", meaning dwarf or reduced and ὀδούς "odoús", meaning tooth.

Loricariinae
Loricariinae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the armored suckermouth catfishes. This subfamily is divided into two tribes and about 30 genera. They are mainly native to freshwater habitats in South America, but there are also several species (in genera Crossoloricaria, Dasyloricaria, Rineloricaria, Spatuloricaria, Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys) in Panama and a single (Rineloricaria) in Costa Rica.
2015–16 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2015–16 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the thirty-first since its establishment. It is the highest level in San Marino, in which the country's top 15 amateur football clubs play. The season began on 11 September 2015 and ended with the play-off final on 26 May 2016. Folgore/Falciano were the defending champions.

SP Tre Penne
S.P. Tre Penne is a multi-sports club based in the City of San Marino. It is best known for their football section. Literally meaning the "Three Feathers", the club was founded in 1956, and currently plays in Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio. The team colors are blue and white when home, and red when away.

On 9 July 2013, Tre Penne became the first Sammarinese team to win a game in a European competition by defeating Shirak 1–0 in the second leg of their 2013–14 UEFA Champions League first qualifying round contest.
Telephone token
Telephone tokens were token coins once widely used for making telephone calls from public telephones in place of ordinary coins. They were also sometimes used as a medium of exchange and as a collectible. Telephone tokens were once widely used in Europe, Israel, Japan, and South America, but have since been largely superseded by telephone cards and credit cards.

They were introduced during inflationary periods to avoid having to frequently change the coin slots on pay phones.

Token coin
In numismatics, token coins or trade tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins. The field of token coins is part of exonumia and token coins are token money. Their denomination is shown or implied by size, color or shape. They are often made of cheaper metals like copper, pewter, aluminium, brass and tin, or non-metals like bakelite, leather and porcelain.

A legal tender coin is issued by a governmental authority and is freely exchangeable for goods. A token coin has a narrower utility and is issued by a private entity. In many instances, token coins have become obsolete due to the use of cash, payment cards, stored value cards or other electronic transactions.