hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elimination reaction
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction.  The numbers refer not to the number of steps in the mechanism, but rather to the kinetics of the reaction: E2 is bimolecular (second-order) while E1 is unimolecular (first-order). In cases where the molecule is able to stabilize an anion but possesses a poor leaving group, a third type of reaction, E1CB,  exists.  Finally, the pyrolysis of xanthate and acetate esters proceed through an "internal" elimination mechanism, the Ei mechanism.

Anti-periplanar
In organic chemistry, anti-periplanar, or antiperiplanar, describes the A−B−C−D bond angle in a molecule. In this conformer, the dihedral angle of the A−B bond and the C−D bond is greater than +150° or less than −150° (Figures 1 and 2). Anti-periplanar is often used in textbooks to mean strictly anti-coplanar, with an A−B C−D dihedral angle of 180° (Figure 3). In a Newman projection, the molecule will be in a staggered arrangement with the anti-periplanar functional groups pointing up and down, 180° away from each other (see Figure 4). Figure 5 shows 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane in a sawhorse projection with chlorine and a hydrogen anti-periplanar to each other.

Syn-periplanar or synperiplanar is similar to anti-periplanar. In the syn-periplanar conformer, the A and D are on the same side of the plane of the bond, with the dihedral angle of A−B and C−D between +30° and −30° (see Figure 2).
Me and the Colonel
Me and the Colonel is a 1958 American comedy film based on the play Jacobowsky und der Oberst by Franz Werfel. It was directed by Peter Glenville and stars Danny Kaye, Curd Jürgens, and Nicole Maurey.

Kaye won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy for his portrayal. The writers won a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written Comedy.

Danny Kaye
Danny Kaye (born David Daniel Kaminsky; Yiddish: דוד־דניאל קאַמינסקי; January 18, 1911 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, comedian, singer, and dancer. His performances featured physical comedy, idiosyncratic pantomimes, and rapid-fire novelty songs.

Kaye starred in 23 films, notably Wonder Man (1945), The Kid from Brooklyn (1946), The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947), The Inspector General (1949), Hans Christian Andersen (1952), White Christmas (1954), and The Court Jester (1955). His films were popular, especially for his performances of patter songs and favorites such as "Inchworm" and "The Ugly Duckling".

He was the first ambassador-at-large of UNICEF in 1954 and received the French Legion of Honor in 1986 for his years of work with the organization.
Scaldasole
Scaldasole is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 km southwest of Milan and about 20 km southwest of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 902 and an area of 11.6 km².

Scaldasole borders the following municipalities: Dorno, Ferrera Erbognone, Sannazzaro de' Burgondi, Valeggio.

Province of Pavia
The province of Pavia (Italian: provincia di Pavia) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Pavia.

As of 2015, the province has a population of 548,722 inhabitants and an area of 2,968.64 square kilometres (1,146.20 sq mi); the town of Pavia has a population of 72,205.
Huy Cận
Cù Huy Cận (31 May 1919 – 19 February 2005) was a Vietnamese poet, a close confidante of Ho Chi Minh, and signed Vietnam's Declaration of Independence as Cabinet minister in the first Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and held many senior leadership positions in the Vietnamese government between 1946 and 1987. He was a close friend of Xuân Diệu, another famous poet. His first collection of poems, Sacred Fire, was published in 1938. His style changed drastically after the Vietnam Revolution, from melancholy to optimistic. His son is Cù Huy Hà Vũ, legal scholar and dissident.

Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
The declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Tuyên ngôn độc lập Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa) was written by Hồ Chí Minh and announced in public at the Ba Đình square in Hanoi on 2 September 1945. It led to the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV), replacing the Empire of Vietnam under the Nguyễn dynasty and Emperor Bảo Đại, who abdicated on August 25.

This declaration was a declaration of independence from France, but France had initially never recognized the DRV. France formed the independent and unified State of Vietnam within the French Union when the Élysée Accords took effect on 14 June 1949, as an alternative method to solve the Vietnam question. This associated state would become the Republic of Vietnam. The declaration is also considered the foundation of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam although this state was actually formed on 2 July 1976.
Penrose Wolf Building
The Penrose Wolf Building, also known as the Rockwood Opera House, is an historic, American commercial building that is located in Rockwood, Somerset County, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Rockwood, Pennsylvania
Rockwood is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 850 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area, and located due north of Pennsylvania's highest peak, Mount Davis, which significantly constricts land travel routing south of the municipality.
Paedocypris progenetica
Paedocypris progenetica (also known as Indonesian Superdwarf Fish) is a tiny, significantly transparent fish. The binomial name originates from the Greek Paideios, meaning children, and Cypris, meaning Venus, a common suffix for the cyprinid genera. The species is native to Indonesia and Malaysia and found in peat swamps and slow flowing blackwater streams. It was first discovered by Singaporean ichthyologist Heok Hui Tan in 2006.

It is one of the smallest known fish in the world, with a mature adult reaching a length of 6.69 mm. It held the record for the shortest known vertebrate until the frog Paedophryne amauensis was formally described in January 2012.

Paedophryne amauensis
Paedophryne amauensis, also known as the New Guinea Amau frog, is a species of microhylid frog that is endemic to eastern Papua New Guinea. At 7.7 millimetres (0.30 in) in snout-to-vent length, it is among the world's smallest frogs, second only to some species of the genus Brachycephalus.

It was listed in the Top 10 New Species 2013 by the International Institute for Species Exploration for discoveries made during 2012.
Giovannie and the Hired Guns
Giovannie and the Hired Guns is an American country rock band from Stephenville, Texas. The band was formed in 2017 by Giovannie Yanez, who serves as the lead vocalist and songwriter. The other members of the band include Carlos Villa (lead guitar), Jerrod Flusche (rhythm guitar), Alex Trejo (bass guitar), and Milton Toles (drums).

The band's music is known for its modern take on traditional country music, blending classic country sounds with rock and roll influences. Some of their popular songs include "Rooster Tattoo" and "Ramon Ayala". They have released four studio albums and one live album. In 2023, the band received the iHeartRadio award for "Best New Rock & Alternative Artist of the Year".

Stephenville, Texas
Stephenville is a city in and the county seat of Erath County, Texas, United States. It sits on the North Bosque River, which rises nearby. Founded in 1854, it is home to Tarleton State University. Stephenville's population was 20,847 as of the 2020 census, and it is the principal city in the Stephenville Micropolitan Statistical Area. Stephenville is among several communities that call themselves the "Cowboy Capital of the World".
South Carolina Highway 22
South Carolina Highway 22 (SC 22), also known as the Conway Bypass and Veterans Highway, is a four lane freeway that connects US 501 north of Conway, South Carolina, to US 17 in Myrtle Beach. The road was opened to traffic on May 4, 2001, six months ahead of schedule. It is slated to become part of Interstate 73 in the future. The road largely meets Interstate Highway standards, but in order to support increased Interstate traffic, its shoulders would need to be expanded to standard width.

U.S. Route 501
U.S. Route 501 (US 501) is a spur of U.S. Route 1. It runs 355 miles (571 km) from Buena Vista, Virginia at U.S. Route 60 to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina at U.S. Route 17 Business.
It passes through the states of Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. From Durham to Laurinburg, a 108-mile (174 km) section of US 501 overlaps U.S. Route 15.
Sections of US 15-501 also share routings with U.S. Route 1 in sections near Sanford, North Carolina and Aberdeen, North Carolina.
Lolita's Club
Lolita's Club (Spanish: Canciones de amor en Lolita's Club) is a 2007 Spanish film written and directed by Vicente Aranda and starring Eduardo Noriega and Flora Martínez. The plot  follows the story of twin brothers — one a coldhearted violent police officer, the other a helpless romantic with a mental disability. The two brothers are tragically involved with a prostitute who works in the bordello that gives the film its title. The film was adapted from the novel  Canciones de Amor en Lolita's Club written by Juan Marsé.

Vicente Aranda
Vicente Aranda Ezquerra (Spanish: [biˈθente aˈɾanda eθˈkera]; 9 November 1926 – 26 May 2015) was a Spanish film director, screenwriter and producer.

Due to his refined and personal style, he was one of the most renowned Spanish filmmakers. He started as a founding member of the Barcelona School of Film and became known for bringing contemporary Spanish novels to life on the big screen. Aranda was also noted for exploring difficult social issues and variations on the theme of desire while using the codes of melodrama.

Love as uncontrollable passion, eroticism and cruelty are constant themes in his filmography. The frank examination of sexuality is one of the trademarks of his work, as seen in his most internationally successful film: Amantes (1990) (Lovers).
HeLa
HeLa (/ˈhiːlɑː/) is an immortalized cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest human cell line and one of the most commonly used. HeLa cells are durable and prolific, allowing for extensive applications in scientific study. The line is derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951, from Henrietta Lacks, a 31-year-old African American woman, after whom the line is named. Lacks died of cancer on October 4, 1951.

The cells from Lacks's cancerous cervical tumor were taken without her knowledge, which was common practice in the United States at the time. Cell biologist George Otto Gey found that they could be kept alive, and developed a cell line. Previously, cells cultured from other human cells would survive for only a few days, but cells from Lacks's tumor behaved differently.

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (2010) is a non-fiction book by American author Rebecca Skloot.  It was the 2011 winner of the National Academies Communication Award for best creative work that helps the public understanding of topics in science, engineering or medicine.
Albanian Congress of Trieste
The Albanian Congress of Trieste (Albanian: Kongresi Shqiptar i Triestës) was a congress of Albanians held in Trieste, Austria-Hungary in the period between 27 February – 6 March 1913, organized by Faik Konica and Sotir Kolea with strong support from the Austrian authorities.

Juan Pedro Aladro Kastriota
Juan Pedro Aladro y Kastriota (1845–1914), known as Aladro Kastrioti by Albanians, born Juan Pedro Aladro de Perez y Velasco, was a Spanish nobleman, diplomat, and pretender of the throne of Albania. He claimed descent from the Kastrioti family through his paternal grandmother, a noblewoman that lived during the era of Charles III. He was referred as Don Aladro.
Glow (Reef album)
Glow is the second studio album by English rock band Reef. Produced by the band and George Drakoulias, the album was released on 27 January 1997 through Sony Soho Square and supported by the singles "Place Your Hands", "Come Back Brighter", "Consideration" and "Yer Old". Glow reached number one on the UK Albums Chart.

Place Your Hands
"Place Your Hands" is a song recorded by British band Reef. It was released on 21 October 1996 by Sony Soho Square, as the first single from the band's second album, Glow (1997). The song peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart and is Reef’s most successful single to date, and also their best known hit. Its music video was directed by David Mould.
Good-Time Girl
Good-Time Girl is a 1948 British film noir-crime drama film directed by David MacDonald and starring Jean Kent, Dennis Price and Herbert Lom. A homeless girl is asked to explain her bad behaviour in the juvenile court, and says she's run away from home because she's unhappy there. They explain in detail what happened to the last girl who thought she could cope on her own, and this becomes the main plot.

Dennis Price
Dennistoun John Franklyn Rose Price (23 June 1915 – 6 October 1973) was an English actor. He played Louis Mazzini in the Ealing Studios film Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949) and the omnicompetent valet Jeeves in 1960s television adaptations of P. G. Wodehouse's stories.
Song of the Flame (film)
Song of the Flame is a 1930 American pre-Code musical film photographed entirely in Technicolor. Based on the 1925 operetta of the same name, the film features a screenplay by Gordon Rigby adapted from the musical book written by Oscar Hammerstein II and Otto A. Harbach for the operetta. The movie also features many of the songs from the operetta which used lyrics by Hammerstein and Orbach and music by George Gershwin and Herbert Stothart. The film was produced and distributed by First National Pictures. It was the first color film to feature a widescreen sequence, using a process called Vitascope, the trademark name for Warner Bros. Pictures' widescreen process. The film, based on the 1925 Broadway musical of the same name, was nominated for an Academy Award for Sound Recording (George Groves). It is part of the tradition of operetta films, popular at the time.

Noah Beery
Noah Nicholas Beery (January 17, 1882 – April 1, 1946) was an American actor who appeared in films from 1913 until his death in 1946. He was the older brother of Academy Award-winning actor Wallace Beery as well as the father of character actor Noah Beery Jr. He was billed as either Noah Beery or Noah Beery Sr. depending upon the film.
Bethlehem (German band)
Bethlehem is a German extreme metal band from Grevenbroich, formed in 1991 by Jürgen Bartsch and Klaus Matton. Before starting Bethlehem, Bartsch and Matton used to play in a German thrash metal band Morbid Vision. Many of their lyrics revolve around sickness, morbidity, suicide, death and madness, and may to some extent be personal to the band.

Grevenbroich
Grevenbroich (German: [ˌɡʁeːvn̩ˈbʁoːx] ⓘ) is a town in the Rhein-Kreis Neuss, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the river Erft, approximately 15 km southwest of Neuss and 15 km southeast of Mönchengladbach. Cologne and Düsseldorf are in a 30 km reach. It is notable for having the Frimmersdorf Power Station, which was one of Europe's least carbon-efficient power stations.
B5300 road
The B5300 (known locally as the Coast Road) is a B road which runs for approximately twelve miles between the towns of Silloth and Maryport in the Allerdale borough of Cumbria, England. From north to south, it passes through the villages of Blitterlees, Beckfoot, Mawbray, Dubmill, and Allonby. It runs through the Solway Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, passes close to the Salta Moss Site of Special Scientific Interest, Milefortlet 21, a Roman archaeological site, the salt pans, a remnant of the Solway plain's medieval saltmaking industry, and the village of Crosscanonby. It is an important route for carrying goods to and from Silloth docks and Maryport harbour. It is also the major road connecting smaller coastal settlements with Maryport and Silloth, from where other roads lead to Workington, Whitehaven, Wigton, and Carlisle. A short section of the road between Dubmill and Mawbray was closed in February 2019 due to coastal erosion, and reopened in June 2019.

Silloth
Silloth, or Silloth-on-Solway, is a port town and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The town stands on the coast of the Solway Firth, 18 miles (29 km) west of Carlisle. It was developed from the 1850s onwards around a new harbour, and also became a small seaside resort. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 2,749.
Saint Luke Painting the Virgin (Giordano)
Saint Luke Painting the Virgin is an oil painting executed ca. 1650–1655 by the Italian Baroque artist Luca Giordano, now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon. It shows Saint Luke painting the Virgin. Another work by Giordano on the same subject is now in the Museo de Arte in Ponce, Puerto Rico.

Museo de Arte de Ponce
Museo de Arte de Ponce (MAP) is an art museum located on Avenida Las Américas in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It houses a collection of European art, as well as works by Puerto Rican artists. The museum contains one of the most important Pre-Raphaelite collections in the Western Hemisphere, holding some 4,500 pieces of art distributed among fourteen galleries.

Museo de Arte de Ponce is the finest art museum in Puerto Rico.  The largest art museum in the Caribbean, it has also been called one of the best in the Americas.  It was the first museum in Puerto Rico accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.

It was founded in 1959 by industrialist and philanthropist Luis A. Ferré at a location in the Ponce Historic Zone. The museum moved to its current building location on Avenida Las Américas in 1965. In 2010, the museum increased its size significantly after a $30M expansion.
Tromsdalstinden
Tromsdalstinden (Norwegian) or Sálašoaivi or Sálaščohkka (Northern Sami) is a mountain in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The 1,238-metre (4,062 ft) tall mountain is located at the southern end of the Tromsdalen valley, just southeast of Tromsø. Snowfall varies from yearly, but the peak is usually snow free only for a few months in the summer. The mountain is easily spotted from the city centre of Tromsø. The summit is a popular hike, requiring nothing more than good shoes, average physical condition, and plenty to drink.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Autophagy protein 5
Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATG5 gene located on chromosome 6. It is an E3 ubi autophagic cell death. ATG5 is a key protein involved in the extension of the phagophoric membrane in autophagic vesicles.  It is activated by ATG7 and forms a complex with ATG12 and ATG16L1.  This complex is necessary for LC3-I (microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B) conjugation to PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) to form LC3-II (LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate). ATG5 can also act as a pro-apoptotic molecule targeted to the mitochondria. Under low levels of DNA damage, ATG5 can translocate to the nucleus and interact with survivin.

ATG5 is known to be regulated via various stress induced transcription factors and protein kinases.

MAP1LC3B
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (hereafter referred to as LC3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3B gene. LC3 is a central protein in the autophagy pathway where it functions in autophagy substrate selection and autophagosome biogenesis. LC3 is the most widely used marker of autophagosomes.
16α-Iodo-E2
16α-Iodo-E2, or 16α-iodoestradiol, is a synthetic, steroidal, potent estrogen with slight preference for the ERα over the ERβ that is used in scientific research. The KD of 16α-iodo-E2 for the ERα is 0.6 nM and for the ERβ is 0.24 nM, a 4-fold difference in affinity, whereas estradiol is considered to have similar affinity for the two receptor subtypes. Unlike the case of the much weaker estriol (16α-hydroxyestradiol), 16α-iodo-E2 is considered to be equipotent with estradiol in terms of estrogenic activity. Radiolabeled [16α-125I]iodo-E2 has been employed in imaging to study the estrogen receptor.

Estrogen receptor alpha
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor (mainly found as a chromatin-binding protein) 
that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.  In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1).
Anne Loree
Anne Loree is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Best known as the writer of "Insensitive", an international Top 40 hit for Jann Arden in 1995, Loree has also released four albums as a solo performer.

"Insensitive" spent three weeks at No. 1 on the Top Singles Canadian chart in late January and early February 1995.

Loree was nominated for Songwriter of the Year at the 1996 Juno Awards.

Juno Awards of 1996
The Juno Awards of 1996, representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year, were awarded on 10 March 1996 in Hamilton, Ontario at a ceremony in the Copps Coliseum. Anne Murray was the host for the ceremonies, which were broadcast on CBC Television.

Quebec-based independent classical label Analekta Records boycotted the Junos after failing to receive a Juno nomination after attempts for five years. Analekta claimed its sales were twice that of CBC Records.

Several record stores such as CD Plus, HMV, Sunrise and Music World also intended to boycott the Junos because competing music retailer Columbia House had signed on as a Juno advertiser.

Nominations were announced 31 January 1996. Prominent nominees were Alanis Morissette and Shania Twain who had recent internationally successful albums who both won Grammy Awards on 28 February 1996. Alanis Morissette won in five Juno categories, becoming this year's major winner.
2017 Badminton Asia Junior Championships – Mixed doubles
The mixed doubles tournament of the 2017 Asian Junior Badminton Championships was held from July 26 to 30. The defending champions of the last edition were He Jiting and Du Yue from China. The host pair, No 5. seeds Rehan Naufal Kusharjanto and Siti Fadia Silva Ramadhanti claim the title after defeat the No. 3 seed from South Korea Na Sung-seung and Seong Ah-yeong in rubber games with the score 21–19, 19–21, 21–9.

Siti Fadia Silva Ramadhanti
Siti Fadia Silva Ramadhanti (born 16 November 2000) is an Indonesian badminton player affiliated with the Djarum club. She won the gold medal in the mixed doubles at the 2017 Asian Junior Championships, and in the women's doubles at the 2021 SEA Games. She also won the silver medal in the 2023 World Championships with Apriyani Rahayu.