hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Les Hauts-Geneveys
Les Hauts-Geneveys is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.

Coffrane
Coffrane is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.
Melchior Lorck
Melchior Lorck (also  Lorch, Lorichs and Lorich; 1526/27 – 1583) was a Renaissance painter, draughtsman, and printmaker of Danish-German origin. He produced the most thorough visual record of the life and customs of Turkey in the 16th century that is to this day a unique source. He was also the first Danish artist of whom a substantial biography is reconstructable and a substantial body of artworks is attributable.

Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq (1522 in Comines – 29 October 1592 in Saint-Germain-sous-Cailly; Latin: Augerius Gislenius Busbequius), sometimes Augier Ghislain de Busbecq, was a 16th-century Flemish writer, herbalist and diplomat in the employ of three generations of Austrian monarchs. He served as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople and in 1581 published a book about his time there, Itinera Constantinopolitanum et Amasianum, re-published in 1595 under the title of Turcicae epistolae or Turkish Letters. His letters also contain the only surviving word list of Crimean Gothic, a Germanic dialect spoken at the time in some isolated regions of Crimea. He is credited with the introduction of tulips into Western Europe and to the origin of their name.
Chronological dating
Chronological dating, or simply dating, is the process of attributing to an object or event a date in the past, allowing such object or event to be located in a previously established chronology. This usually requires what is commonly known as a "dating method". Several dating methods exist, depending on different criteria and techniques, and some very well known examples of disciplines using such techniques are, for example, history, geology, paleontology, archaeology, astronomy and even forensic science, since in the latter it is sometimes necessary to investigate the moment in the past during which the death of a cadaver occurred. These methods are typically identified as absolute, which involves a specified date or date range, or relative, which refers to dating which places artifacts or events on a timeline relative to other events and/or artifacts. Other markers can help place an artifact or event in a chronology, such as nearby writings and stratigraphic markers.

Chronology
Chronology (from Latin chronologia, from Ancient Greek χρόνος, chrónos, 'time'; and -λογία, -logia) is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as in a timeline or other sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".

Chronology is a part of periodization. It is also a part of the discipline of history including earth history, the earth sciences, and study of the geologic time scale.
Norcross, Georgia
Norcross is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, about 15 miles northeast of Atlanta city limits. According to the 2010 census, the population was 9,116, while in 2020, the population increased to 17,209. Norcross is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area, located near the Spaghetti Junction interchange of Interstate 85 and Interstate 285.

Georgia State Route 378
State Route 378 (SR 378) is a 6.4-mile-long (10.3 km), is a four-lane divided highway that travels west-to-east entirely within Gwinnett County in the north-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The road is designated as a state highway. The route is heavily commercialized with numerous office and industrial parks. It is known along its entire length as Beaver Ruin Road. The roadway was built in the mid-1960s and designated a decade later.
School No.1 of Ulaanbaatar
School No.1 (Mongolian: 1 дүгээр сургууль) is a public school in Sükhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Mongolia's first government-run public primary school was founded in 1921, and its first secondary school, School No.1, was founded in 1923.

As of 2010, there are about 2,150 students in 46 classes, 80 teachers, and 20 service workers in the school. About 8,000 students graduated from the school in the last academic years.

Sükhbaatar (district)
Sükhbaatar District (Mongolian: Sükhbaatar düüreg) is one of nine districts of the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar. It is subdivided into 18 subdistricts. The district was established in 1965 and named after revolutionary hero Damdin Sükhbaatar. As of 2004, it had an approximate population of 112,533 in 24,568 households.

This district marks the center of the city. Most government, educational and cultural organizations are located here: The Mongolian Government house, The Parliament house, 13 Embassies, Government Ministries, the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the National University of Mongolia, and the University of Science and Technology.

The head office of the airline Hunnu Air (formerly Mongolian Airlines) is in the district.
Colin Middleton
Colin Middleton  MBE   (29 January 1910 – 23 December 1983) was a Northern Irish landscape artist, figure painter, and surrealist. Middleton's prolific output in an eclectic variety of modernist styles is characterised by an intense inner vision, augmented by his lifelong interest in documenting the lives of ordinary people. He has been described as 'Ireland's greatest surrealist.'

Ulster Museum
The Ulster Museum, located in the Botanic Gardens in Belfast, has around 8,000 square metres (90,000 sq. ft.) of public display space, featuring material from the collections of fine art and applied art, archaeology, ethnography, treasures from the Spanish Armada, local history, numismatics, industrial archaeology, botany, zoology and geology. It is the largest museum in Northern Ireland, and one of the components of National Museums Northern Ireland.
Grant Achatz
Grant Achatz (/ˈækɪts/ AK-its) (born April 25, 1974) is an American chef and restaurateur often recognized for his contributions to molecular gastronomy or progressive cuisine. Achatz has won numerous awards, including Food and Wine's "best new chefs" award in 1998, "Rising Star Chef of the Year Award" for 1999, "Best Chef in the United States" for 1998, a 2003 "Who's Who Inductee" from the James Beard Foundation, and a Jean Banchet Lifetime Achievement Award in 2026. His Chicago restaurant Alinea has won numerous accolades.

Molecular gastronomy
Molecular gastronomy is the scientific approach of cuisine from primarily the perspective of chemistry. The composition (molecular structure), properties (mass, viscosity, etc) and transformations (chemical reactions, reactant products) of an ingredient are addressed and utilized in the preparation and appreciation of the ingested products. It is a branch of food science that approaches the preparation and enjoyment of nutrition from the perspective of a scientist at the scale of atoms, molecules, and mixtures.

Nicholas Kurti, Hungarian physicist, and Hervé This, at the INRA in France, coined "Molecular and Physical Gastronomy" in 1988.
Pizzo di Vernà
Pizzo di Vernà (also known as Montagna di Vernà, Pizzo Polo, Muntagna i Po) (1287 m) is a peak of the Peloritani Mountains, located in the province of Messina, Sicily. It is located in the South Western part of the Peloritani range in the territories of Antillo, Casalvecchio Siculo and Fondachelli-Fantina.
It is a difficult peak to climb because of the typical Mediterranean vegetation on its slopes, unless you take the path on the East wall. It is visited for its stunning landscape: from the top it’s possible to view Mount Etna, mount Rocca di Salvatesta, the Ionian coast and the Tyrrhenian coast. From Fondachelli-Fantina it is possible to see the Montagna di Vernà shining in the afternoon, lit by the sun. The mountain has been designated a Site of Community Importance (SIC).

Fondachelli-Fantina
Fondachelli-Fantina (Gallo-Italic of Sicily: Funnaghellu) is a comune (municipality) in the  Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, southern Italy. Situated between Novara and Francavilla di Sicilia, in the southern Peloritani mountains, it is 604 metres (1,982 ft) above sea level. The community borders the municipalities of Antillo and Rodì Milici. The most populated villages are Rubino, Evangelisti, Chiesa, Figheri and Fantina. It is 73 kilometres (45 mi) from Messina.
John Page (MP for Harrow West)
Sir Arthur John Page (16 September 1919 – 31 October 2008), known as Sir John Page, was a British Conservative politician.

The son of Sir Arthur Page, sometime Chief Justice of Burma, Page was educated at Harrow and Magdalene College, Cambridge. He was a sales manager and chairman of the Bethnal Green and east London Housing Association.

Page first stood for Parliament at the 1959 general election in Eton and Slough, but without success. He was elected as member of parliament (MP) for Harrow West at a by-election in 1960, and held the seat until he retired from Parliament at the 1987 general election. In the House of Commons he was chairman of the Conservative Parliamentary Labour Affairs Committee from 1970 to 1974 (secretary 1960–61, vice-chairman 1964–69). He was knighted in 1984.

Arthur Page (judge)
Sir Arthur Page, QC (9 March 1876 – 1 September 1958) was a British barrister, judge, and jeu de paume (nowadays known as real tennis) player and cricketer who served as Chief Justice of the High Court of Judicature at Rangoon. He played jeu de paume at the 1908 Summer Olympics and was also a first-class cricketer.

He was a member of the Harrow School cricket team and played jeu de paume while attending Magdalen College, Oxford. A member of the Inner Temple, he was an attempted candidate in the 1910 United Kingdom general election for the Conservative Party in Derby. He served as a judge in Calcutta and Burma, where he was Chief Justice. He was appointed a KC in 1922.

During the Second World War, Page was Chairman of the Evidence Section, Blockade Intelligence, Ministry of Economic Warfare in 1939 and 1940 and Chairman of the North Staffordshire Regional Coal Valuation Board from 1941.

His son was the Conservative politician Sir John Page.
Mont-Saint-Bruno—L'Acadie
Mont-Saint-Bruno—L'Acadie (formerly Montarville, French pronunciation: [mɔ̃taʁvil]) is a federal electoral district in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015.

Montarville was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 2025 Canadian federal election. It was created out of parts of the electoral districts of Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert, Verchères—Les Patriotes and Chambly—Borduas.

The riding was renamed Mont-Saint-Bruno—L'Acadie by the 2023 representation order for Quebec. It gained Caignan from Beloeil—Chambly in the process.

Beloeil—Chambly
Beloeil—Chambly (officially Belœil—Chambly) is a federal electoral district (riding) in Quebec, Canada. It encompasses a portion of Montérégie.

Beloeil—Chambly was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution out of part of Chambly—Borduas. It was legally defined in the 2013 representation order and came into effect upon the call of the 2015 federal election. The name was altered slightly to Belœil—Chambly beginning with the 2025 federal election.

Since 2019, its member of Parliament (MP) has been Yves-François Blanchet, the leader of the Bloc Québécois (BQ).

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, it lost Carignan to Mont-Saint-Bruno—L'Acadie.
West Dart River
The West Dart River is one of the two main tributaries of the River Dart in Devon, England.

Its source is about 2 km north of Rough Tor on north Dartmoor.  It flows south to Two Bridges, then south east past Hexworthy to meet the East Dart River at Dartmeet.

On the left bank of the river about a mile above Two Bridges is the broadleaved Wistman's Wood, "fascinating high-level woods that are quite unlike anywhere else".

Tributaries include the Cowsic River which rises near Devils Tor and flows south below Lydford Tor, to join the West Dart at Two Bridges. Other right bank tributaries include the Blackbrook River, River Swincombe and the O Brook. The Cherry Brook joins the West Dart on the left bank near Sherberton.

Hexworthy
Hexworthy /ˈhæksəri/ is a hamlet on Dartmoor, in Devon, England. It lies on the West Dart River a mile upstream from Dartmeet. Historically in the parish of Lydford, since 1987 it has been in the civil parish of Dartmoor Forest.

Hexworthy has an inn, the Forest Inn, opened in the 1850s.

Very close to the village, on the opposite bank of the West Dart, is the hamlet of Huccaby, which has a parish church with an unusual dedication to St Raphael.

There was a long history of tin mining near Hexworthy.  Tin works in the valley of the O Brook were first recorded in 1240, and the Henroost or Hexworthy Mine did not close until 1919.
Joy City Property
Joy City Property Limited (Chinese: 大悅城地產有限公司),  is a listed company of Hong Kong, but incorporated in Bermuda. The company was formerly known as The Hong Kong Parkview Group Ltd..

Its head office is on the 33rd floor of the COFCO Tower (中糧大廈) in Causeway Bay.

Hong Kong Parkview
Hong Kong Parkview is the largest private housing estate in Tai Tam, Hong Kong. It is located at 88 Tai Tam Reservoir Road, Hong Kong Island, between Jardine's Lookout and Violet Hill. To its west is the Wong Nai Chung Gap. It is surrounded by Tai Tam Country Park.
Ollerton
Ollerton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Ollerton and Boughton, in the Newark and Sherwood district, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England, on the edge of Sherwood Forest in the area known as the Dukeries. The village is close to New Ollerton. The population of Ollerton and Boughton at the 2011 census was 9,840.

The area is sometimes differentiated locally using the names New Ollerton for the post-1900 expansion, compared with Old Ollerton referring to the original village clustered around the church, river and mill.

Ollerton and Boughton
Ollerton and Boughton is a civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England. The main settlements are the village of Ollerton and the town of New Ollerton and Boughton. The civil parish was formed in 1996, when the civil parishes of Ollerton and Boughton were merged. The population of the civil parish at the time of the 2011 census was recorded as 9,840, and this increased to 11,089 residents at the 2021 census.
3rd Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Firenze"
The 3rd Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Firenze" (Italian: 3° Reggimento Artiglieria Controaerei "Firenze") is an inactive air defense regiment of the Italian Army, which was based in Rovigo in Veneto. Originally an air defense regiment of the Royal Italian Army, the unit was last active from 1992 to 2001. The regiment's anniversary falls, as for all Italian Army artillery regiments, on June 15, the beginning of the Second Battle of the Piave River in 1918.

5th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Pescara"
The 5th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Pescara" (Italian: 5° Reggimento Artiglieria Controaerei "Pescara") is an inactive air defense regiment of the Italian Army, which was based in San Donà di Piave in Veneto. Originally a regiment of the Royal Italian Army, the unit was last active from 1947 to 2012. During the Cold War the regiment was equipped with MIM-23 Hawk surface-to-air missiles and formed, together with the 4th Anti-aircraft Missile Artillery Regiment, the air defense belt of the Italian Army in the country's Northeast. The regiment's anniversary falls, as for all Italian Army artillery regiments, on June 15, the beginning of the Second Battle of the Piave River in 1918.
Kevin Na
Kevin Sangwook Na (Korean: 나상욱; born September 15, 1983) is a Korean American professional golfer. He was a member of the PGA Tour until June 2022, when he resigned in order to join LIV Golf. He won five tournaments on the PGA Tour between 2011 and 2021.

Shriners Children's Open
The Shriners Children's Open was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour in Nevada.  Founded 42 years ago in 1983, it was played annually in October in Las Vegas. It was held at the TPC Summerlin, west of central Las Vegas at an approximate average elevation of 2,700 feet (820 m) above sea level.
McAuliffe (crater)
McAuliffe is a small lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side. It lies within the inner ring of the double-ringed walled plain Apollo, about one crater diameter to the northeast of the crater Resnik. To the southeast of it lies the crater pair of Jarvis and McNair.

McAuliffe is a bowl-shaped feature with a roughly circular rim. The rim edge has some wear, but is not overlain by other impacts of significance. The interior floor is roughly circular and featureless.

The name was approved by the IAU in 1988 in honor of Christa McAuliffe, who was killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986. It was formerly designated Borman Y, a satellite crater of Borman.

Borman (crater)
Borman is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It lies across the southeast section of the mountainous inner ring, within the walled basin named Apollo.

The rim of Borman remains sharp-edged, although a smaller crater lies across its northwestern rim. The interior is rough but relatively flat. Borman L is an older and much more worn crater that is attached to the southern rim of Borman.

Borman crater is named after the American astronaut Frank Borman. In 1968, Borman and his Apollo 8 crewmates became the first humans to orbit the Moon. Two nearby craters are named after the other crew members, William Anders (Anders crater) and Jim Lovell (Lovell crater).
Disa pygmaea
Disa pygmaea is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos. The plant is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs from the Cape Peninsula to Elim and Pilaarkop. The species' numbers have declined but have now stabilized. There are seven subpopulations, some of which are in mountainous conservation areas. The plant is considered rare.

Disa (plant)
Disa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It comprises about 182 species. Most of the species are indigenous to tropical and southern Africa, with a few more in the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and Réunion. Disa bracteata is naturalised in Western Australia, where the local name is "African weed-orchid."

The genus Disa was named by P.J. Bergius in 1767. It was named after Disa, the heroine of a Swedish legend.
Felsőbányaite
Felsőbányaite or basaluminite is a hydrated aluminium sulfate mineral with formula: Al4(SO4)(OH)10·4H2O. It is a rare white to pale yellow mineral which typically occurs as globular masses and incrustations or as minute rhombic crystals. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system.

It occurs as a weathering product under acidic conditions associated with pyrite or marcasite decomposition. Associated minerals include hydrobasaluminite, hydroargillite, meta-aluminite, allophane, gibbsite, gypsum and aragonite.

Felsőbányaite was first described in 1853 for an occurrence in the Baia Sprie mine, Baia Sprie (Felsőbánya), Maramureș County, Romania, and named for the locality. The mineral name basaluminite was used for an occurrence of the same mineral in England in 1948 and discredited by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) in 2006.

Sulfate mineral
The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals that include the sulfate ion (SO2−4) within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems.

Sulfate minerals include:

Anhydrous sulfates
Barite BaSO4
Celestite SrSO4
Anglesite PbSO4
Anhydrite CaSO4
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl

Hydroxide and hydrous sulfates
Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O
Chalcanthite CuSO4·5H2O
Kieserite MgSO4·H2O
Starkeyite MgSO4·4H2O
Hexahydrite MgSO4·6H2O
Epsomite MgSO4·7H2O
Meridianiite MgSO4·11H2O
Melanterite FeSO4·7H2O
Antlerite Cu3SO4(OH)4
Brochantite Cu4SO4(OH)6
Alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Jarosite KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Löweite Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O
Idiosyncratic drug reaction
Idiosyncratic drug reactions, also known as type B reactions, are drug reactions that occur rarely and unpredictably amongst the population. This is not to be mistaken with idiopathic, which implies that the cause is not known. They frequently occur with exposure to new drugs, as they have not been fully tested and the full range of possible side-effects have not been discovered; they may also be listed as an adverse drug reaction with a drug, but are extremely rare. Some patients have  multiple-drug intolerance. Patients who have multiple idiopathic effects that are nonspecific are more likely to have anxiety and depression. Idiosyncratic drug reactions appear to not be concentration dependent. A minimal amount of drug will cause an immune response, but it is suspected that at a low enough concentration, a drug will be less likely to initiate an immune response.

Idiopathic disease
An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin.

For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of instances, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized. In these cases, the origin of the condition is said to be idiopathic. With some other medical conditions, the root cause for a large percentage of all cases has not been established—for example, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or ankylosing spondylitis; the majority of these cases are deemed idiopathic. Certain medical conditions, when idiopathic, notably some forms of epilepsy and stroke, are preferentially described by the synonymous term of cryptogenic.
Belgian Air Force
The Belgian Air Force (Dutch: Luchtmacht, French: Forces Aériennes) is the air arm of the Belgian Armed Forces. Between January 2002 and July 2024 it was known as Belgian Air Component (Dutch: Luchtcomponent; French: Composante air). It was founded in 1909 and is one of the world's oldest air services.

The commander is Major General Geert De Decker, appointed on 20 March 2025.

10me Escadrille de Chasse
The 5me Escadrille de Chasse was the second fighter squadron of the Belgian Air Component. The squadron was founded during World War I, reorganized into a dedicated fighter unit under its new designation of 10me Escadrille de Chasse in March 1918, and became part of a fighter wing before war's end.
Galápagos shearwater
The Galápagos shearwater (Puffinus subalaris) is a small shearwater. Until recently it was considered to be a subspecies of Audubon's shearwater, but it is actually one of two members of a very ancient lineage of the small Puffinus species, the other being, as indicated by mtDNA cytochrome b sequence data, the Christmas shearwater.

It is an endemic breeder of the Galápagos Islands, and is largely sedentary, although individuals are commonly seen as far as the Oaxacan coast of Mexico.

Shearwater
Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabirds in the petrel family Procellariidae. They have a global marine distribution, but are most common in temperate and cold waters, and are pelagic outside the breeding season.