hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
U.S. Route 72
U.S. Route 72 (US 72) is an east–west United States highway that travels for 317.811 miles (511.467 km) from southwestern Tennessee, throughout North Mississippi, North Alabama, and southeastern Tennessee. The highway's western terminus is in Memphis, Tennessee and its eastern terminus is in Chattanooga. It is the only U.S. Highway to begin and end in the same state, yet pass through other states in between. Prior to the U.S. Highway system signage being posted in 1926, the section eastward from Corinth, Mississippi (covering nearly three quarters of the route) was part of the Lee Highway.

Memphis and Charleston Railroad
The Memphis and Charleston Railroad, completed in 1857, was the first railroad in the United States to link the Atlantic Ocean with the Mississippi River.  Chartered in 1846, the 311 miles (501 km) 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge railroad ran from Memphis, Tennessee, to Stevenson, Alabama, through the towns of Corinth, Mississippi, and Huntsville, Alabama. The portion between Memphis and LaGrange, Tennessee, was originally to be part of the LaGrange and Memphis Railroad, chartered in 1838. From Stevenson, the road was connected to Chattanooga, Tennessee, via the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. In Alabama, the railroad followed the route of the Tuscumbia, Courtland and Decatur Railroad between Tuscumbia and Decatur, the first railroad to be built west of the Appalachian Mountains.

In many instances, it was the larger cities and towns, with higher populations, that received superior service and rail line access, as well as higher-quality trains.
Edgar Broughton Band (album)
Edgar Broughton Band is the self-titled third album by the Edgar Broughton Band. Released in 1971, the album is known amongst fans as "The Meat Album", as the album cover features meat on hangers in a warehouse; a human can also be seen hanging amongst the meat. The 2004 CD reissue features three bonus tracks. Several outside musicians were used on this album including Mike Oldfield and Roy Harper.

Edgar Broughton Band
Edgar Broughton Band were a British blues rock band founded in Warwick in 1968, and in their initial form were operative through to 1976. They were a power trio consisting of brothers Edgar (vocals and guitar) and Steve Broughton (drums) with Arthur Grant (bass), who were augmented at various times by a second guitarist and/or keyboardist, significantly Victor Unitt. They released five studio albums, including Sing Brother Sing (UK Albums Chart #18), and six singles, including "Out Demons Out" (UK Singles Chart #39), on the EMI Harvest label and one further studio album for NEMS. The group reformed from 1978 to 1982, initially renamed as The Broughtons, issuing two more studio albums, and again from 2006 to 2010 with Edgar's son Luke for live appearances only.
2008–09 KNVB Cup
The 2008–09 KNVB Cup was the 91st edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 88 teams contested starting on 30 August 2008 and ending on 17 May 2009.

Feyenoord unsuccessfully defended its 2008 title losing in the fourth round stage in January 2009 to Heerenveen, 0–3, in Rotterdam. Heerenveen would successfully pursue its 2009 title on 17 May 2009 defeated Twente, 2–2 (aet), in De Kuip stadium, Rotterdam. 45,000 attended.

This Cup marked the third time in its history the absence of the Big Three teams from the quarter-finals onward of the tournament last occurring 27 years.

FC Twente
Football Club Twente (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛfˈseː ˈtʋɛntə]), sometimes known internationally as FC Twente Enschede, or simply Twente, is a Dutch professional football club from Enschede. The club was formed in 1965 by the merger of Enschedese Boys with Sportclub Enschede, the 1926 Dutch champions. Twente have won the Eredivisie once, the KNVB Cup three times, and the Johan Cruyff Shield twice. They also finished runners-up in the Eredivisie twice, and reached the 1975 UEFA Cup final, which they lost against Borussia Mönchengladbach.

Twente's home ground since 1998 is De Grolsch Veste. Since 2019, the team have played in the Eredivisie, the top division of Dutch football. The club takes its name from the region of Twente, the eastern part of Overijssel.
Sound Blaster AWE32
The Sound Blaster AWE32 is an ISA sound card from Creative Technology. It is an expansion board for PCs and is part of the Sound Blaster family of products. The Sound Blaster AWE32, introduced in March 1994, was a near full-length ISA sound card, measuring 14 inches (356 mm) in length, due to the number of features included.

Creative Technology
Creative Technology Ltd., or Creative Labs Pte Ltd., is a Singaporean multinational electronics company mainly dealing with audio technologies and products such as speakers, headphones, sound cards and other digital media. Founded by Sim Wong Hoo, Creative was highly influential in the advancement of PC audio in the 1990s following the introduction of its Sound Blaster card and technologies; the company continues to develop Sound Blaster products including embedding them within partnered mainboard manufacturers and laptops.

The company also has overseas offices in Shanghai, Tokyo, Dublin and the Silicon Valley. Creative Technology has been listed on the Singapore Exchange (SGX) since 1994.
Shaka Jam
"Shaka Jam" is a song by Australian R&B band Kulcha. It was released in May 1994 as their debut single and as the lead single from their first studio album, Kulcha. The song peaked at number seven in Australia and number eight in New Zealand. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1995, the song was nominated for ARIA Award for Highest Selling Single, losing to "Tomorrow" by Silverchair.

Kulcha (album)
Kulcha is the debut studio album released by Australian R&B band Kulcha. The album spawned four top 30 singles and was certified gold in Australia. The album was released in September 1994.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1995, the album was nominated for Best Pop Release; losing out to "Chains" by Tina Arena. Members of Kulcha : Erick Palu, Jay Whitmore, Joe Fidow and Richard Matilla.
Hosororo
Hosororo is a community in the Barima-Waini region of northern Guyana, on the west bank of the Aruka River, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the river's mouth, and three miles from Mabaruma.

It is known for its production of organic cocoa and is home to a nursery and propagation centre.

The Arawak started to settle in the area about 3,500 years ago. The village known for its fertile soils, and is the earliest known site of cassava cultivation by Amerindians in Guyana. In 2016, Horosoro was joined with Mabaruma into a single town.

Aubrey Williams, the abstract expressionist painter, who was banished to Hosororo as a result of his activism for the sugar farmers, was inspired by the Amerindian art and culture he found here.

Barima-Waini
Barima-Waini (Region 1) is a region of Guyana and is located in the northwest of the country. Barima-Waini has three sub-regions: Mabaruma, Matakai, and Moruca.

The region is located in the northwest of the country and has a population of 26,941. It covers an area of 20,339 square kilometres (7,853 sq mi). It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the region of Pomeroon-Supenaam to the east, the region of Cuyuni-Mazaruni to the south and Venezuela to the west.
River Whitewater
The River Whitewater rises at springs near Bidden Grange Farm between Upton Grey and Greywell in Hampshire, England. It flows northeast and is a tributary of the River Blackwater near Swallowfield. It was noted on Jansson's map of Hampshire of 1646.

The settlements of Greywell, North Warnborough, Hook, Hartley Wintney, Rotherwick, West Green, Mattingley, Bramshill and Heckfield lie on the River Whitewater.

The river contains a variety of species of fish. Fishing on part of the river is controlled by Farnborough and District Angling Society which has separate coarse and fly fishing sections. Like many rivers in the south of England, non-indigenous mink and signal crayfish are present.

Mattingley
Mattingley is a village and large civil parish in Hampshire, England. The village lies on the Reading road between the town of Hook and Reading. The River Whitewater runs through the parish. The village has one pub, named the Leather Bottle.
Soviet Russia (Exhibition, 1975)
Fifth Republican Art Exhibition "Soviet Russia" (Moscow, 1975) (Russian: Пятая Республиканская художественная выставка "Советская Россия" 1975 года) become a main national art event of 1975, as well as one of the largest Soviet art exhibitions of the mid-1970s. Exhibition took place in Manezh Exhibition Hall.

Nikolai Timkov
Nikolai Efimovich Timkov (Russian: Тимко́в Никола́й Ефи́мович; 12 August 1912 – 25 December 1993) was a Soviet Russian painter, Honored Artist of Russian Federation, and a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation). He lived and worked in Leningrad and is regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting, worldwide known for his landscape paintings.
Ingestion
Ingestion  is the consumption of a substance by an organism. In animals, it normally is accomplished by taking in a substance through the mouth into the gastrointestinal tract, such as through eating or drinking. In single-celled organisms, ingestion takes place by absorbing a substance through the cell membrane.

Besides nutritional items, substances that may be ingested include medication (where ingestion is termed oral administration), recreational drugs, and substances considered inedible, such as foreign bodies or excrement. Ingestion is a common route taken by pathogenic organisms and poisons entering the body.

Ingestion can also refer to a mechanism picking up something and making it enter an internal hollow of that mechanism, e.g. "a grille was fitted to prevent the pump from ingesting driftwood".

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
The Crystal Palace (novel)
The Crystal Palace is the second novel in The Book of Elementals series by Phyllis Eisenstein. The first novel, Sorcerer's Son, was originally published as a mass market paperback by Del Rey Books in 1979. The Crystal Palace was originally released in 1988 as a mass-market paperback from Signet. It was last in print in both hardcover and trade paperback in the 2002 omnibus volume The Book of Elementals (with Sorcerer's Son), published by Meisha Merlin Publishing. Eisenstein completed the manuscript for the final volume in the trilogy, The City in Stone, but the novel remained unpublished after Meisha Merlin suddenly ceased operations in 2007.)

Phyllis Eisenstein
Phyllis Eisenstein (February 26, 1946 – December 7, 2020) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy short stories as well as novels. Her work was nominated for both the Hugo Award and Nebula Award.
9th Mississippi Infantry Regiment
The 9th Mississippi Infantry Regiment was a Confederate infantry regiment from Mississippi. Organized from a group of volunteer companies at Pensacola in April 1861, the regiment was reorganized in 1862 and took part in many battles of the Western theater of the American Civil War before surrendering in April, 1865.

James Ronald Chalmers
James Ronald Chalmers (January 11, 1831 – April 9, 1898) was an American politician and senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry and cavalry in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.

After the war, Chalmers served as a state senator in Mississippi and United States Congressman for several terms from the state's 6th congressional district, beginning in 1876. He was re-elected in 1880 but the election was contested by his Republican African-American opponent, John R. Lynch. Congress awarded the seat to Lynch because of marked election fraud by the Democrats. In 1882 Chalmers ran as an Independent Democrat on a fusionist ticket, with support by Republicans and Greenbackers. He contested the victory of the regular Democrat, and Congress finally awarded the seat to Chalmers, seating him in 1884. He left politics after losing election in the fall of 1884.
Sans Bois Mountains
The Sans Bois Mountains are a small mountain range in southeastern Oklahoma and part of the larger Ouachita Mountains. The range is a frontal belt of the Ouachita Mountains and is located in Haskell and Latimer counties. Sans bois is a French term meaning 'without forest' or without wood' in English.

Latimer County, Oklahoma
Latimer County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Its county seat is Wilburton. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,444. The county was created at statehood in 1907 and named for James L. Latimer, a delegate from Wilburton to the 1906 state Constitutional Convention. Prior to statehood, it had been for several decades part of Gaines County, Sugar Loaf County, and Wade County in the Choctaw Nation.
Meehan, Wisconsin
Meehan is an unincorporated community located in the town of Plover, Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. Meehan is located along Wisconsin Highway 54 and the Canadian National Railway, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) west-southwest of Plover.

Portage County, Wisconsin
Portage County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 70,377. Its county seat is Stevens Point.

Portage County comprises the Stevens Point, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau-Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Tea growing in Azerbaijan
Tea growing in Azerbaijan is concentrated in an area of 5.33 thousand square kilometers located within the Lenkeran-Astara region, including the districts of Astara, Lankaran, Masalli, Lerik, Yardimli, and Jalilabad. Around 90% of Azerbaijan's tea is produced in Lankaran close to the southern border with Iran. Tea was first grown around the Caspian Sea region of Azerbaijan in the 1880s. Due to its favorable climatic conditions, the region now produces 99% of the Azerbaijani tea crop.

Lankaran
Lankaran (Azerbaijani: Lənkəran, (listen)ⓘ) or Lánkon (Talysh: Lánkon) is a city in Azerbaijan, on the coast of the Caspian Sea, near the southern border with Iran. As of 2021, the city had a population of 89,300. It is next to, but independent of, Lankaran District. The city forms a distinct first-order division of Azerbaijan.
Ribeirinhos
The ribeirinhos are a traditional rural population in the Amazon rainforest, who live near rivers. Their main activities are fishing and farming on a small scale, for their own use. They usually live in pile dwellings and travel by motor boats called voadeiras.

Anthropologist Charles Wagley described the ribeirinhos in terms of their high state of adaptation to their tropical riverine environment, pointing to the continuity between indigenous groups and ribeirinhos with regard to agricultural techniques and knowledge of the forest.

Voadeira
A voadeira is a type of motorized watercraft used mainly by indigenous and ribeirinho people on the Amazon River, Cerrado and Pantanal for fishing and transportation. It is typically made from aluminium with an outboard motor similar to a skiff.
Bross Townsend
Bross Elvie Townsend Jr. (October 18, 1933 – May 12, 2003) was an American jazz and blues pianist.

Townsend was born in Princeton, Kentucky. His father was also a pianist, and started his son on the instrument at age seven. Townsend moved to Cleveland in 1951 and attended the Cleveland Institute of Music. He accompanied local singers such as Little Jimmy Scott and Wynonie Harris and played freelance from 1953 with Gene Ammons, John Coltrane, Memphis Slim, and Jimmy Reed. He made several tours of Europe.

Townsend was active in New York City from 1959 almost up until his death there in 2003; he worked with Warren Smith (in the Composer's Workshop Ensemble), Carrie Smith, Bubba Brooks, Woody Herman, Diana Ross, Kalaparusha Maurice McIntyre, Arvell Shaw, in addition to performing solo. He was also a member of The 3B's, with Bob Cunningham and Bernard Purdie. Townsend went blind in the middle of the 1990s but continued to perform. He often backed vocalist Carrie Smith.

Cleveland Institute of Music
The Cleveland Institute of Music (CIM) is a private music conservatory in Cleveland, Ohio. The school was founded in 1920 by a group of supporters led by Martha Bell Sanders and Mary Hutchens Smith, with Ernest Bloch serving as its first director. CIM enrolls 325 students in the conservatory and approximately 1,500 students in the preparatory and continuing education programs. There are typically about 100 openings per year for which 1,000-1,200 prospective students apply.

Many members of The Cleveland Orchestra serve as faculty at CIM and CIM alumni can be found in major orchestras throughout the United States and the world. In 2024, faculty voted, 56 to 25, to join the American Federation of Musicians.
Łukasz Szumowski
Łukasz Jan Szumowski (born 3 June 1972) is a Polish cardiologist who served as Minister of Health from 2018 to 2020. He is also a member of the IX Sejm, representing the Płock (Nr. 16) constituency, elected from the lists of Law and Justice.

Ministry of Health (Poland)
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Ministerstwo Zdrowia Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is one of the ministries of the Republic of Poland. It is responsible for overseeing the organization of the healthcare system, supervision of medical services, health promotion, and disease prevention. The Ministry develops legal regulations, coordinates healthcare financing, and supervises the National Health Fund (NFZ). It is also in charge of reimbursement of medicines, medical devices, and foodstuffs for special medical purposes; oversight of medical professions; development and implementation of public health programs; organization and supervision of the State Medical Emergency System; and activities related to health resort treatment.
Cameron Pilley
Cameron Pilley (born 27 October 1982) is an Australian former professional squash player. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 11 in January 2011.

Pilley was born in Grafton, New South Wales. From 2001 to 2005, he attended the Australian Institute of Sport on a squash scholarship, where he trained under Geoff Hunt and Rodney Martin. He announced his retirement from professional squash on 27 December 2019.

Grafton, New South Wales
Grafton (Bundjalung: Gumbin Gir) is a city in the Northern Rivers region of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is located on the Clarence River, on a floodplain, approximately 620 kilometres (385 mi) by road north-northeast of the state capital Sydney.

The closest major cities, Brisbane and the Gold Coast, are located across the border in South East Queensland. At the 2021 census, Grafton had a population of 19,255. The city is the largest settlement and, with Maclean, the shared administrative centre of the Clarence Valley Council local government area, which is home to over 50,000 people in all.
Varkaus
Varkaus, before 1929 known as Warkaus, is a Middle-Savonian industrial town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the former province of Eastern Finland and is part of the North Savo region, between the city of Kuopio and the town of Savonlinna.

The municipality has a population of 19,603 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 524.48 square kilometres (202.50 sq mi) of which 138.45 km2 (53.46 sq mi) is water. The population density is 50.84 inhabitants per square kilometre (131.7/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish. In old Finnish 'Varkaus' meant strait, and this city is located in the lake district on straits between two parts of Lake Saimaa. An extension of the Saimaa Canal passes through the town.

North Savo
North Savo (or Northern Savonia; Finnish: Pohjois-Savo; Swedish: Norra Savolax) is a region in eastern Finland. It borders the regions of South Savo, Central Finland, North Ostrobothnia, Kainuu, and North Karelia. Kuopio is the largest city in the region and Lake Kallavesi is the largest lake in the region.

The region's traditional food is a fish and bacon filling pie called Kalakukko.
Howqua
Wu Bingjian (Chinese: 伍秉鑑; 1769 – 4 September 1843), trading as "Houqua" and better known in the West as "Howqua" or "Howqua II", was a hong merchant in the Thirteen Factories, head of the E-wo hong and leader of the Canton Cohong. He was once the richest man in the world.

Ewo (hong)
The Ewo Hong (Chinese: 怡和行; pinyin: Yíhé Háng; Jyutping: ji4 wo4 hong2) was a Qing dynasty hong established by  Wǔ Guóyíng (traditional Chinese: 伍國瑩; simplified Chinese: 伍国莹) in Canton (Guangzhou) in 1783 and later became the leader of the cohong of the Thirteen Factories under the stewardship of Howqua, who took over in 1803. Ewo later became one of the most successful hongs and the largest creditor of the East India Company, whilst Howqua's personal monetary worth reached more than 26 million Mexican dollars. As a result of the Ewo hong's upright and honest reputation, Jardine, Matheson & Co. later adopted "Ewo" as the Chinese name for their firm.
The Love Chase
The Love Chase is an 1837 comedy play by the Irish-born writer James Sheridan Knowles. It premiered at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 10 October 1837 with a cast that included Robert Strickland as Sir William Fondlove, Edward William Elton as Waller, Benjamin Nottingham Webster as Wildrake, Julia Glover as Widow Green and Charlotte Vandenhoff as Lydia. Louisa Cranstoun Nisbett's role as Constance became one of her two signature parts. The Haymarket had just come under the management of Benjamin Webster that year.

James Sheridan Knowles
James Sheridan Knowles (12 May 1784 – 30 November 1862) was an Irish dramatist and actor. A relative of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Knowles enjoyed success writing plays for the leading West End theatres. Later in his career he also produced several novels.
Chico River (Philippines)
The Chico River (Spanish: Río Chico de Cagayán), is a river system in the Philippines in the island of Luzon, encompassing the regions of Cordillera and Cagayan Valley. It is the longest tributary of the Cagayan River with a total length of 233 km (145 mi).

The most extensive river in the Cordillera region, it covers the provinces of Mountain Province, Kalinga and Cagayan. It is referred to as a "river of life" for the Kalinga people who live on its banks, and is well known among development workers because of the Chico River Dam Project, an electric power generation project which local residents resisted for three decades before it was finally shelved in the 1980s - a landmark case study concerning ancestral domain issues in the Philippines.

Kalinga people
The Kalinga people (IPA: [ka'liŋɡa]) are an indigenous ethnic group whose ancestral domain is in the Cordillera Mountain Range of the northern Philippines. They are mainly found in Kalinga province which has an area of 3,282.58 sq. km. Some of them, however, already migrated to Mountain Province, Apayao, Cagayan, and Abra. The Kalinga numbered 163,167 as of 2010.