hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scheffé's method
In statistics, Scheffé's method, named after American statistician Henry Scheffé, is a method for adjusting significance levels in a linear regression analysis to account for multiple comparisons.  It is particularly useful in analysis of variance (a special case of regression analysis), and in constructing simultaneous confidence bands for regressions involving basis functions.

Scheffé's method is a single-step multiple comparison procedure which applies to the set of estimates of all possible contrasts among the factor level means, not just the pairwise differences considered by the Tukey–Kramer method. It works on similar principles as the Working–Hotelling procedure for estimating mean responses in regression, which applies to the set of all possible factor levels.

Multiple comparisons problem
Multiple comparisons, multiplicity or multiple testing problem occurs when many statistical tests are performed on the same dataset. Each test has its own chance of a Type I error (false positive), so the overall probability of making at least one false positive increases as the number of tests grows. In statistics, this occurs when one simultaneously considers a set of statistical inferences or estimates a subset of selected parameters based on observed values.

The probability of false positives is measured through the family-wise error rate (FWER). The larger the number of inferences made in a series of tests, the more likely erroneous inferences become.  Several statistical techniques have been developed to compensate for the number of inferences being made—for example, by requiring a stricter significance threshold for individual comparisons.
Paeroa–Pōkeno Line
The Paeroa-Pōkeno railway line or deviation in the upper North Island of New Zealand between Paeroa on the East Coast Main Trunk (ECMT) and Pōkeno on the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) was a proposed route with construction started but abandoned. The proposal has been revived in recent years as part of a more direct route between Auckland and Tauranga.

Pōkeno
Pōkeno is a town in the Waikato District of the Waikato region in New Zealand, 53 km (33 mi) southeast of Auckland, 9 km (5.6 mi) from Tuakau and 5 km (3.1 mi) from Mercer. State Highway 1 originally ran through the town, but the upgrading of the highway in 1992 to expressway standards mean that the town has been bypassed.
Henry Scarr
Henry Scarr Ltd. was an English shipbuilding company based in the East Riding of Yorkshire at Hessle on the Humber. Henry Scarr took over an existing shipyard in 1897, and continued to build ships there until 1932, when the site was bought by Richard Dunston Ltd. Dunstons operated the shipyard until 1974, and after a series of takeovers, shipbuilding ceased in 1994.

Hessle
Hessle (/ˈhɛzəl/) is a town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, 5 miles (8 kilometres) west of Kingston upon Hull. Geographically it is part of a larger urban area consisting of the city of Kingston upon Hull, the town of Hessle and a number of other villages but is not part of the city. It is on the north bank of the Humber Estuary where the Humber Bridge crosses.

According to the 2011 UK census, Hessle parish had a population of 15,000, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 14,767.
Fingask Castle
Fingask Castle is a country house in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It is perched 200 feet (61 m) above Rait, three miles (5 km) north-east of Errol, in the Braes of the Carse, on the fringes of the Sidlaw Hills. Thus it overlooks both the Carse of Gowrie and the Firth of Tay and beyond into the Kingdom of Fife. The name derives from Gaelic fionn-gasg: a white or light-coloured appendage.

Fingask was once an explicitly holy place, a convenient and numinous stop-off between the abbeys at Falkirk and Scone. It was later held by the Bruce family, and then by the Threiplands. In the eighteenth century it was owned by Jacobites and was forfeited. The castle is a Category B listed building, and the estate is included on the Inventory of Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes, the national register of significant gardens.

Threipland baronets
The Threipland Baronetcy, of Fingask in the County of Perth, was a title in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. It was created on 10 November 1687 for Patrick Threipland. The second Baronet was attainted in 1715 with the baronetcy forfeited. The de jure third Baronet was physician to Bonnie Prince Charlie during the Jacobite rising of 1745 and President of the Royal Medical Society from 1766 to 1770. In 1826 Patrick Murray Threipland obtained a reversal of the attainder and became the fourth Baronet. On the death of the fifth Baronet in 1882 the title became either extinct or dormant.

The family seat was Fingask Castle, Perthshire.
Ketura Sun
Ketura Sun is  Israel’s first commercial solar field. Built in early 2011 by Arava Power Company on Kibbutz Ketura, it covers 20 acres (8.09 hectares) and is expected to produce to 4.95 megawatts. It has the first automatic solar panel cleaning system in the world.

Ketura, Israel
Ketura (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה) is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located north of Eilat in the Aravah Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Eilot Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 511.
Pohatu Marine Reserve
Pōhatu Marine Reserve is a 215 ha (530 acres) marine reserve centred on Pōhatu / Flea Bay and lies between Ounu-hau Point and Redcliffe Point on Banks Peninsula in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. It was formally notified in 1999 and is administered by the Department of Conservation (DOC).

Pōhatu / Flea Bay
Pōhatu / Flea Bay is a bay located approximately 2.7 nautical miles (5.0 km; 3.1 mi) east-northeast of the entrance to Akaroa Harbour in New Zealand. It is home to the largest penguin colony on Banks Peninsula and the Pōhatu Marine Reserve. The marine reserve is habitat for many fish species including moki, butterfish, guppy, banded wrasse, blue cod, leather jackets, lobsters, pāua and rockfish.

A Kāti Māmoe pā (fortified Māori village) once stood here. Pōhatu translates as 'place of stones' or 'struck by a stone'. The bay, shaped by the forces of the sea, rainfall, and the Akaroa volcano, measures approximately 1.08 nautical miles (2.00 km; 1.24 mi) in length and 0.27 nautical miles (0.50 km; 0.31 mi) in width.

Dyke Head, at the southern entrance to the bay, typifies the coastal landscape of Banks Peninsula, with a protruding reef, offshore rocks and eroded sea stacks.
Zinka Milanov
Zinka Milanov (Croatian pronunciation: [zîːŋka milǎnoʋ]; May 17, 1906 – May 30, 1989) was a Croatian operatic dramatic soprano who had a major career centered on the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.  After finishing her education in Zagreb, Milanov made her debut in 1927 in Ljubljana as Leonora in Giuseppe Verdi's Il Trovatore. From 1928 to 1936, she was the leading soprano of the Croatian National Theatre. In 1937, Milanov performed at the Metropolitan Opera for the first time, where she continued to sing until 1966. She also performed as a concert singer and was a noted vocal coach and teacher. Milanov is the sister of the composer and pianist Božidar Kunc.

Jussi Björling
Johan Jonatan "Jussi" Björling (/ˈjuːsi ˈbjɔːrlɪŋ/ YOO-see BYOR-ling, Swedish: [ˈjɵ̌sːɪ ˈbjœ̂ːɭɪŋ]; 5 February 1911 – 9 September 1960) was a Swedish tenor. One of the leading operatic singers of the 20th century, Björling appeared for many years at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City and less frequently at the major European opera houses, including the Royal Opera House in London and La Scala in Milan. He sang the Italian, French and Russian opera repertory with taste.

Björling was ranked the greatest singer of the 20th century by a poll of music critics in Classic CD magazine (UK) in July 1999.
Phil White (politician)
Philip John White (26 December 1938 – 9 October 2000) was an Australian politician. He was the Liberal member for Earlwood in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 1991.

White came to Sydney as a printing apprentice at the age of sixteen. He was three times married, one child from his first marriage, two children from his second marriage and four stepsons from his third marriage.

In 1988, White was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, winning the seat of Earlwood for the Liberal Party. He defeated sitting member Ken Gabb, who had held the seat for ten years. However, in 1991 the seat was abolished, and White contested the notionally Labor seat of Hurstville, losing to future Premier Morris Iemma.

White died at Camden on 9 October 2000. Philip was survived by his four children and wife Catherine Patricia White.

Morris Iemma
Morris Iemma (/ˈjɛmə/; born 21 July 1961) is an Australian former politician who was the 40th Premier of New South Wales, serving from 3 August 2005 to 5 September 2008.

From Sydney, Iemma attended the University of Sydney and the University of Technology, Sydney. A member of the Labor Party, he was first elected to the Parliament of New South Wales at the 1991 state election, having previously worked as a trade union official. From 1999, Iemma was a minister in the third and fourth ministries led by Bob Carr. He replaced Carr as premier and Leader of the New South Wales Labor Party in 2005, following Carr's resignation. Iemma led Labor to victory at the 2007 state election, albeit with a slightly reduced majority. He resigned as premier in 2008, after losing the support of caucus, and left parliament shortly after, triggering a by-election. He was replaced as premier by Nathan Rees.
Bad Colberg-Heldburg
Bad Colberg-Heldburg (German: [baːt ˈkɔlbɛʁk ˈhɛltbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the region Heldburger Land in the district of Hildburghausen, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated 16 km south of Hildburghausen, and 18 km west of Coburg. It was created in 1993 by the merger of the former municipalities of Bad Colberg, Gellershausen, Heldburg, Holzhausen, Lindenau and Völkershausen. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Heldburg.

Heldburg
Heldburg (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛltbʊʁk]) is a town and a municipality in the district of Hildburghausen, in Thuringia, in central Germany. The municipality was created with effect from 1 January 2019 by the merger of the former municipalities of Bad Colberg-Heldburg, Gompertshausen and Hellingen. It is situated 16 km south of Hildburghausen, and 18 km west of Coburg.
2016 Quick Lane Bowl
The 2016 Quick Lane Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game, played at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan, on December 26, 2016.
The third edition of the Quick Lane Bowl featured the Maryland Terrapins of the Big Ten Conference and the Boston College Eagles of the Atlantic Coast Conference.

2016 Boston College Eagles football team
The 2016 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Eagles were led by fourth-year head coach Steve Addazio and played their home games at Alumni Stadium. They finished the season 7–6 overall and 2–6 in ACC play to tie for sixth place in the Atlantic Division. They were invited to the Quick Lane Bowl, where they defeated Maryland.
Queen of Coins
The Queen of Coins, also known as the Queen of Pentacles, is a card used in Latin-suited playing cards (Italian, Spanish, and tarot decks). It is the queen from the suit of coins. In tarot, it is part of what tarot card readers call the "Minor Arcana".

Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games. In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.

Suit of coins
The suit of coins is one of the four suits used in tarot decks with Latin-suited cards. It is derived from the suit of coins in Italian and Spanish card playing packs.

In occult uses of tarot, Coins is considered part of the "Minor Arcana", and may alternately be known as the suit of pentacles, though this has no basis in its original use for card games. "Pentacles" is its name in the Rider–Waite Tarot and its derivatives, while disks is its name in the Thoth Tarot and its derivatives. Like the other tarot suits, it contains fourteen cards: ace (one), two through ten, page, knight, queen and king.
Aquabacterium citratiphilum
Aquabacterium citratiphilum is a Gram-negative, catalase-negative bacterium from the genus Aquabacterium and  family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated with Aquabacterium commune and Aquabacterium parvum  from biofilms of drinking water in Berlin.

Aquabacterium commune
Aquabacterium commune is a Gram-negative, catalase-negative bacterium of the genus Aquabacterium in the family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated with Aquabacterium citratiphilum and Aquabacterium parvum from biofilms of drinking water in Berlin. Aquabacterium commune has got a single polar flagellum and its colonies are transparent.
Fredrick George Smith
Fredrick George Smith (1872 – 1956) was a British mechanical engineer. He was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1872 and died in 1956. He was appointed manager of the Highland Railway's Lochgorm Works in 1903, and promoted to Assistant to the Chief Mechanical Engineer, Peter Drummond in 1903.

After Drummond's departure for the Glasgow and South Western Railway in 1911, Smith was appointed to replace him, albeit under the old title of Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Superintendent. His only design for the Highland Railway was the River Class, which was rejected by the Chief Engineer, causing his resignation. He went on to take a post in the Ministry of Munitions and in 1918 entered the steel industry.

Locomotives of the Highland Railway
The locomotives of the Highland Railway were used by the Highland Railway to operate its lines in the north of Scotland. The Highland Railway locomotive works was at Lochgorm, Inverness. The works had been built about 1855 by the Inverness and Nairn Railway. The locomotive classes are listed under the names of the railway's Locomotive Superintendents.
Jozef Boey
Jozef Martin Boey (also spelled Josef, 16 May 1934 – 28 February 2016) was a Belgian chess player who held the FIDE title of International Master (IM, 1973) and the ICCF title of Correspondence Chess Grandmaster (GM, 1975). He was a four-time Belgian Chess Championship winner (1959, 1964, 1965, 1971).

International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster
International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster is a correspondence chess title created by FIDE in 1953, second only to that of world correspondence champion. Currently, this title is awarded by the International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF).
Georg Ebers
Georg Moritz Ebers (1 March 1837 – 7 August 1898) was a German Egyptologist and novelist. He is best known for his purchase of the Ebers Papyrus, one of the oldest Egyptian medical documents in the world.

Picturesque Palestine, Sinai, and Egypt
Picturesque Palestine, Sinai, and Egypt was a lavishly illustrated set of books published by D. Appleton & Co. in the early 1880s based on their phenomenally successful Picturesque America and Picturesque Europe series. It was edited by Charles William Wilson, following his leadership of the seminal Ordnance Survey of Palestine and PEF Survey of Palestine. The Appleton series was issued as "two volumes or four divisions"; it was reprinted in London by J.S. Virtue & Co., simply published as four volumes.

It was followed in 1884 by Stanley Lane-Poole's Social Life in Egypt, a kind of sequel that billed itself as "a supplement to Picturesque Palestine". It is sometimes treated as a "fifth volume" of the series, but did not use Fenn or Woodward for its art.
Fukuoka 5th district
Fukuoka 5th district (福岡県第5区, Fukuoka-ken dai-goku or simply 福岡5区, Fukuoka-goku) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan located in Fukuoka Prefecture.

Asakura, Fukuoka
Asakura (朝倉市, Asakura-shi) is a city located in south central Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 50,488 in 22168 households, and a  population density of 200 persons per km². The total area of the city is 246.71 km2 (95.26 sq mi).
Notojima, Ishikawa
Notojima (能登島町, Notojima-machi) was a town coincident with Notojima island in Kashima District, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It was formed February 1, 1955 by merger of the three villages on Notojima island.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,187 and a density of 68.13 persons per km2. The total area was 46.78 km2.

The Hirokami, Niigata was the sister city of Notojima.

On October 1, 2004, Notojima, along with the towns of Nakajima and Tatsuruhama (all from Kashima District), was merged into the expanded city of Nanao and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Notojima
Notojima (能登島, Noto-jima) is a volcanic island in the Nanao Bay (七尾湾) portion of the Sea of Japan, less than 500 meters off the coast of the Ishikawa prefecture in Japan. Notojima Island is administered as part of Nanao city. The two bridges connecting Notojima to the mainland trisect Nanao Bay into Nanao-North, Nanao-West and Nanao-Nambu bays. The island's highest peak is Mount Yomurazuka at 196.8 m (646 ft). The island has both elementary and middle schools.
Omo National Park
Omo National Park is a national park in Ethiopia founded in 1980. Located in the South Ethiopia Regional State on the west bank of the Omo River, the park covers approximately 4,068 square kilometers, about 870 kilometers southwest of Addis Ababa; across the Omo is the Mago National Park and the Tama Wildlife Reserve. Although an airstrip was recently built near the park headquarters on the Mui River, this park is not easily reachable; the Lonely Planet guide Ethiopia and Eritrea describes Omo National Park as "Ethiopia's most remote park."

Mui River
The Mui is a river of southern Ethiopia. Located inside Omo National Park, it is a tributary of the Omo River on the right side, merging with the larger stream at 5°51′27″N 35°58′9″E﻿ / ﻿5.85750°N 35.96917°E﻿ / 5.85750; 35.96917.
Godzillius
Godzillius is a genus of remipedes in the family Godzilliidae. It contains the largest species of remipede in the world, Godzillius robustus, which grows to 4.5 cm (1.8 in).

It is named after Godzilla, referencing the large size of Godzillius adults.

Remipedia
Remipedia is a class of blind crustacean-like animals, closely related to hexapods. They are found in coastal aquifers which contain saline groundwater, with populations identified in almost every ocean basin so far explored, including in Australia, the Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. The first described remipede was the fossil Tesnusocaris goldichi (Lower Pennsylvanian). Since 1979, at least seventeen living species have been identified in subtropical regions around the world.
Leftöver Crack
Leftöver Crack is an American punk rock band formed in 1998, following the breakup of Choking Victim. Leftöver Crack spans several different music genres including hardcore punk, ska, and crust punk. They write mostly political lyrics of a radical leftist nature, opposing religion, capitalism, and authority. Members of Leftöver Crack reside in the C-Squat on 155 Avenue C on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Natives of New York City, band members have a well-documented history of back-and-forth conflict with the NYPD which precedes the band's formation. The name "Leftöver Crack" is explained by Stza as being "an oxymoron", based on the idea that crack cocaine addicts are known for vigorous use and are unlikely to have any "leftover" crack.

Ezra Kire
Ezra Cannon (born December 30, 1975), known by the stage name Ezra Kire, is an American musician. He is a member of the punk band Morning Glory, and a former member of Leftöver Crack, Choking Victim and INDK.
Benin national football team
The Benin national football team (French: Équipe nationale de Football du Bénin), nicknamed Les Guépards (The Cheetahs), represents Benin in men's international association football and are controlled by the Benin Football Federation. They were known as Dahomey until 1975, when the Republic of Dahomey became Benin.

Benin have been affiliated with FIFA since 1962 and are a member of the Confederation of African Football since 1969. They have never qualified for the World Cup, but have participated at four Africa Cups of Nations in 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2019, never placing in the top two in the group stage at all of these occasions. However, Benin has a unique record as the country is the first national team to reach the quarter-finals of an AFCON edition without gaining a single win in their AFCON history.

Nigeria national football team
The Nigeria national football team represents Nigeria in international men's football. Governed by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF), they are three-time Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) winners, with their most recent title in 2013. In February 2024, the Nigerian national football team was ranked 28th in the FIFA rankings. The team has qualified for six of the last nine FIFA World Cups, missing only the 2006, 2022 and 2026 tournaments. They have reached the round of 16 on three occasions. Their first World Cup appearance was in the 1994 edition. The team is a member of FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Politburo of ZANU–PF
The Politburo of ZANU-PF is a 49-member body which acts as the standing committee of the Central Committee of the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front.  It meets at least once a month and members are appointed by the party president. It is the party's highest decision making body outside of the party congress.

ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.
Movement for Justice and Peace
The Movement for Justice and Peace (Mouvement pour la justice et la paix MJP) is one of two rebel groups from the west of Côte d'Ivoire, which took part in the Ivorian Civil War. The MJP was estimated to have 250 men under arms, commanded by Gaspard Déli, when it signed a ceasefire on 8 January 2003. Since 2004 the MJP has been a political party, functioning as a junior partner to the Patriotic Movement of Côte d'Ivoire (MPCI) in the Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire coalition led by Guillaume Soro. After joining the MPCI it has dropped out of public view.

Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire
The Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire (English: New Forces of Ivory Coast; abbreviated FNCI, FN or FAFN) is a political coalition that was formed in December 2002, in the wake of the first peace accords of the Ivorian Civil War.