hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castelplanio
Castelplanio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Ancona.

Castelplanio borders the following municipalities: Belvedere Ostrense, Maiolati Spontini, Poggio San Marcello, Rosora.

Maiolati Spontini
Maiolati Spontini is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Ancona. It is the birthplace of musician Gaspare Spontini, whose name has been conjoined with the commune's ancient name, Maiolati.

Maiolati Spontini borders the following municipalities: Belvedere Ostrense, Castelbellino, Castelplanio, Cupramontana, Jesi, Monte Roberto, Rosora, San Marcello.
Dassault Ouragan
The Dassault M.D.450 Ouragan (French: Hurricane) is a French fighter-bomber developed and produced by Dassault Aviation. It has its origins in a private venture by Dassault to produce an all-French aircraft which would make use of jet propulsion, which subsequently would receive orders from the French Air Force.

The Ouragan holds the distinction of being the first jet-powered French-designed combat aircraft to enter production, and thus played a key role in the resurgence of the French aviation industry following the Second World War. The Ouragan was operated by France, India, Israel and El Salvador. While in Israeli service, the type participated in both the Suez Crisis and the Six-Day War.

Dassault Aviation
Dassault Aviation SA (French pronunciation: [da.so]) is a French manufacturer of military aircraft and business jets. It was founded in 1929 by Marcel Bloch as Société des Avions Marcel Bloch (Marcel Bloch Aircraft Company). After World War II, Marcel Bloch changed his name to Marcel Dassault, and the name of the company was changed to Avions Marcel Dassault on 20 January 1947.

In 1971, Dassault acquired Breguet, forming Avions Marcel Dassault-Breguet Aviation (AMD-BA). In 1990, the company was renamed Dassault Aviation, and is a subsidiary of the Dassault Group.

Dassault Aviation has been headed by Éric Trappier since 9 January 2013.
Lengua estofado
Lengua estofado (lit. "tongue stew" in Spanish), sometimes known as lengua estofada or simply lengua, is a Filipino dish consisting of braised beef tongue in a sweet sauce with saba bananas, potatoes, or mushrooms. It originates from the similar Spanish and Latin American dish estofado de lengua but differs significantly in the ingredients. The dish is prominent in the regional cuisines of the Kapampangan, Ilonggo, and Negrense people. It is usually prepared for Christmas dinner and other special occasions.

Kaldereta
Kaldereta or caldereta is a goat meat stew from the Philippines. Variations of the dish use beef, chicken, or pork. Commonly the goat meat is stewed with vegetables and liver paste. The vegetables may include tomatoes, potatoes, olives, bell peppers, and hot peppers. Kaldereta sometimes includes tomato sauce. Kaldereta is usually served during special occasions such as parties and festivities.

Kaldereta's name derives from the Spanish word caldera, the original, Spanish dish the Filipino version comes directly from. The caldereta tradition in the Iberian Peninsula is prepared in two variations, fish and goat, so the Filipino version probably emerged from recreating the original recipe using local ingredients.

It also has similarities with afritada and mechado because it uses tomatoes, potatoes, carrots, and bell peppers as its main ingredients.
Velva, North Dakota
Velva is a city in McHenry County, North Dakota, United States. Part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area, it was founded in 1897 and the population was 1,086 at the 2020 census. Southeast of Minot, Velva is at the southernmost point of the Souris River. Since Velva is about 20 miles away from the nearby city Minot, Velva has had a slight steady increase of population, which makes Velva a nearby bedroom community for Minot.

McHenry County, North Dakota
McHenry County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,345. The county seat is Towner, and largest city is Velva.

McHenry County is part of the Minot micropolitan area.
The Three Tuns, Osmotherley
The Three Tuns is a historic pub in Osmotherley, North Yorkshire, a village in England.

The pub was built in the 17th century, and the building was altered early in the 19th century.  The building was grade II listed in 1970.  In 2018, the pub was put up for sale for £700,000, at which time it had a bar, restaurant, snug, four hotel bedrooms, and a beer garden.  In 2021, The Yorkshireman recommended it as one of the ten best beer gardens in the North York Moors, and described the pub as "no frills" but as having a "homely, cottage-like air".

The pub is built of stone on a plinth, and has a pantile roof with a shaped kneeler and stone coping on the right. The central doorway has a plain surround on shaped plinths, on the left is a fire window, and the other windows are horizontally-sliding sashes.

Osmotherley, North Yorkshire
Osmotherley is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton Hills in North Yorkshire, six miles north-east of Northallerton. The village is at the western edge of the North York Moors National Park. Osmotherley is on the route of the 110-mile Cleveland Way, one of the National Trails established by Natural England.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane, vinyl trichloride or 1,1,2-TCA, is an organochloride solvent with the molecular formula C2H3Cl3 and the structural formula CH2Cl−CHCl2. It is a colourless, sweet-smelling liquid that does not dissolve in water, but is soluble in most organic solvents. It is an isomer of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and a byproduct of its manufacture.

It is used as a solvent and as an intermediate in the synthesis of 1,1-dichloroethylene.

1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,1-Dichloroethylene, commonly called vinylidene chloride or 1,1-DCE, is an organochloride with the molecular formula CCl2CH2.  It is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor. Like most chlorocarbons, it is poorly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. 1,1-DCE was the precursor to the original clingwrap, Saran, for food, but this application has been phased out.
British Rail Corporate Identity Manual
The British Rail Corporate Identity Manual is a corporate identity guide created in 1965 by British Rail. It was conceived in 1964, and finished in July 1965 by British Rail's Design Research Unit, and introduced British Rail's enduring double arrow logo, created by Gerald Barney and still in use today as the logo for National Rail. The manual spanned four volumes, and was created as part of a comprehensive redesign of British Rail following the Beeching Cuts as part of a plan to attract more passengers. It is noted as a piece of British design history.

British Rail Double Arrow
The British Rail Double Arrow is a logo that was created for British Rail (BR), the then state-owned operator of Britain's railway network, in 1965. It remained in use as part of the National Rail brand used for Britain's passenger rail services after the disbanding of British Rail, having been officially renamed as the National Rail Double Arrow and more recently being updated and reworked for continued use under the name Rail Symbol 2. In 2025, the logo was adopted by Great British Railways, the spiritual successor to British Rail.
Suntol
Suntol is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of Shankharapur Municipality in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,980 and had 684 households in it.

Shankharapur
Shankharapur is a municipality in Kathmandu District in Bagmati Province of Nepal that was established on 2 December 2014 by merging the former Village development committees Bajrayogini, Karkigaun, Bhulbu, Indrayani, Lapsiphedi, Naglebhare, Pukhulachhi and Suntol. The office of the municipality is that of the former Pukhulachhi village development committee in the old Newar's town of Sankhu.

In the Local Level Election 2079, Ramesh Napit of Rastriya Prajatantra Party was elected as mayor securing 3,731 votes and Samita Shrestha of Nepali Congress was elected as Deputy Mayor securing 5,658 votes.
Independent Labour Party
The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in Bradford, after local and national dissatisfaction with the Liberals' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates. A sitting independent MP and prominent union organiser, Keir Hardie, became its first chairman.

The party played a key role in the formation of the Labour Representation Committee, to which ILP members Hardie and Ramsay MacDonald were delegates at its foundation in 1900. The committee was renamed the Labour Party in 1906, and the ILP remained affiliated until 1932. In 1947, the organisation's three parliamentary representatives defected to the Labour Party, and the organisation joined Labour as Independent Labour Publications in 1975.

Fabian Society
The Fabian Society (/ˈfeɪbiən/) is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. It is related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.

As one of the founding organisations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, and as an important influence upon the Labour Party which grew from it, the Fabian Society has strongly influenced British politics. Members of the Fabian Society have included political leaders from other countries, such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Lee Kuan Yew, who adopted Fabian principles as part of their own political ideologies. The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.

Today, the society functions primarily as a think tank and is one of twenty socialist societies affiliated with the Labour Party. Similar societies exist in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy.
Richeza of Poland, Queen of Castile
Richeza of Poland (also known as Richeza of Silesia; Polish: Ryksa śląska; c. 1140 – 16 June 1185) was a Polish noblewoman of the House of Piast in the Silesian branch. By her marriages she was Queen consort of Galicia, León and Castile, Countess of Provence, and Countess of Eberstein.

Richeza was the third child and only daughter of Władysław II the Exile, the High Duke of Poland and ruler of Silesia, by his wife Agnes of Babenberg, daughter of Margrave Leopold III of Austria and half-sister of King Conrad III of Germany.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Mount Vernon Downtown Historic District
Mount Vernon Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Mount Vernon, Indiana.  The district encompasses 39 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, one contributing structure, and two contributing objects in the central business district of Mount Vernon.  It developed between about 1850 and 1953, and includes notable examples of Italianate, Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival, and Classical Revival style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Posey County Courthouse Square.  Other notable contributing resources include the McFadin Cemetery, Sherburne Park, the Armory (1922), the Alexandrian (Carnegie) Library (1905), City Hall (1893), Fogas Building (1880), Eagles Home (1917), Palace Soda Shop, Memorial Coliseum (1925), and the Opera House (1879).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Eagles Home

Memorial Coliseum

Mount Vernon, Indiana
Mount Vernon is a city in and the county seat of Posey County, Indiana, United States. Located in the state's far southwestern corner, within 15 miles (24 km) of both the southernmost or westernmost points, it is the westernmost city in the state. The southernmost is Rockport, located along the Ohio River about 40 miles (64 km) to the southeast.

As of the 2020 census, Mount Vernon had a population of 6,493. It is located in Black Township and is part of the Evansville, Indiana, metropolitan area.
White Hart Lane Community Sports Centre
White Hart Lane Community Sports Centre, also known as the New River Stadium is a multi-purpose rugby league and athletics stadium in Wood Green, Haringey, north London, England that is home to London Skolars rugby league club, Enfield and Haringey Athletic Club, Wood Green Weightlifting Club, Park View F.C., Haringey Rhinos rugby union club and Haringey Cycling Club.

The stadium has hosted the Britbowl, the championship game of British American football, in 2019 and 2022.

The New River Stadium also hosts the Middlesex 9s rugby league nines tournament. The stadium is within walking distance of Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. The grandstand at the ground holds approximately 1,000 people, while the ground itself has a capacity of 5,000.

AS London F.C.
All Stars London Football Club is a football club based in Tottenham, England. They are currently members of the Eastern Counties League Division One South and play at the New River Sports Stadium (formerly New River Community Sports Centre).
Public (album)
Public is the third album (the first on a major label) by Emm Gryner, released in 1998.

The album, released on Mercury Records, was not a strong seller, and Gryner was subsequently dropped from the label after Mercury was acquired by Universal Music. She revived her own independent label, Dead Daisy Records, for her next release, Science Fair, which sold significantly more copies than Public despite its more limited distribution and marketing.

In 2006, Gryner released PVT, a limited edition album featuring rerecorded versions of songs from Public. PVT was initially released only as a bonus disc with preordered copies of Gryner's 2006 album The Summer of High Hopes. It was later offered as a separate purchase.

Science Fair (album)
Science Fair is an album by Emm Gryner, released in 1999 on Gryner's independent label Dead Daisy Records.

Within just two months of its release, Science Fair had significantly outsold its major label predecessor, Public, despite its more limited independent label distribution and marketing budget.
Koiak 27
Koiak 26 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 28

The twenty-seventh day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 23, of the Julian calendar, and January 5, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

Koiak 28
Koiak 27 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 29

The twenty-eighth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 24, of the Julian calendar, and January 6, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This is the last day of the Nativity Fast, it is referred to as the Nativity Paramoun. On this day the fasting rule is more stringent.
Strontium hydroxide
Strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)2, is a caustic alkali composed of one strontium ion and two hydroxide ions. It is synthesized by combining a strontium salt with a strong base. Sr(OH)2 exists in anhydrous, monohydrate, or octahydrate form.

Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.
Antártica
Antártica is a Chilean commune in Antártica Chilena Province, Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region, which covers all the Chilean Antarctic Territory (the territory in Antarctica claimed by Chile). It ranges from 53°W to 90°W and from the South Pole to 60°S, overlapping the Argentine and British Antarctic claims, and is the largest and least populated commune in Chile, being over 25 times the size of the next largest commune, Natales. It is administered by the Cabo de Hornos municipality in the South American mainland.

Antártica was created on 11 July 1961, and was dependent on the Magallanes Province until 1975, when the Antártica Chilena Province was created, making it dependent administratively on Puerto Williams, the province capital.

Natales
Natales (Spanish for "births") is  a commune of the Última Esperanza Province in the Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Region of extreme southern Chile. Its capital and only port city is Puerto Natales.
A414 road
The A414 is a major road in England, which connects the towns of Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire and Maldon in Essex. The road commences at the A41, at a junction west of Hemel, and travels through the town to junction 8 of the M1 motorway at Buncefield. From there, it runs parallel to the M1 until junction 7, heading south of St Albans and east through Hatfield and Hertford. The road then crosses the A10 and into Essex; it travels through Harlow, Chipping Ongar and Chelmsford, before terminating at Maldon.

M1 motorway
The M1 motorway connects London to Leeds, where it joins the A1(M) near Aberford, to connect to Newcastle. It was the first inter-urban motorway to be completed in the UK; the first motorway in the country was the Preston Bypass, which later became part of the M6.

The motorway is 193 miles (311 km) long and was constructed in four phases. Most of the motorway was opened between 1959 and 1968. The southern end was extended in 1977 and the northern end was extended in 1999.

It is also the second longest motorway in the country with the M6 motorway being the longest at 232 miles (373 km).
Ladislav Rygl Sr.
Ladislav Rygl Sr. (16 July 1947 – 30 November 2024) was a Czechoslovak Nordic combined skier who competed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He won a gold medal in the individual event at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Vysoké Tatry. He also competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics and the 1972 Winter Olympics.

Rygl died on 30 November 2024, at the age of 77. His son, Ladislav Jr., competed in Nordic combined from 1995 to 2006.

Ladislav Rygl Jr.
Ladislav Rygl Jr. (born 15 May 1976 in Vrchlabí) is a Czech nordic combined skier who competed from 1995 to 2006. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he had his best overall finish of eighth in the 4 x 5 km team event at Nagano in 1998 and his best individual finish of 17th in the 7.5 km sprint event at Turin in 2006.

Rygl's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was sixth in the 15 km individual event at Lahti in 2001. He earned three World Cup victories, one in a 7.5 km sprint and the others in the 15 km individual events in 1999 and 2000. In total he had 13 world cup podium finishes.

Rygl is the son of Ladislav Rygl Sr., winner of the Nordic combined event at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Vysoké Tatry.
Cheoah River
The Cheoah River is a tributary of the Little Tennessee River in North Carolina in the United States.

It is located in Graham County in far western North Carolina, near Robbinsville, and is approximately 20 miles in length. Its headwaters are in the Appalachian Mountains where it flows northwest near Robbinsville, to the Lake Santeetlah and flows towards the Tennessee border with a terminus at the Little Tennessee between the Cheoah Dam and Lake Calderwood.

Little Tennessee River
The Little Tennessee River (known locally as the Little T) is a 135-mile (217 km) tributary of the Tennessee River that flows through the Blue Ridge Mountains in the southeastern United States from Georgia, into North Carolina, and then into Tennessee.  Reaching its confluence with the Tennesssee River at Lenoir City, Tennessee, it drains portions of three national forests— Chattahoochee, Nantahala, and Cherokee— and provides the southwestern boundary of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

Numerous dams were erected on the river in the 20th century for flood control and hydropower generation. The river flows through five major impoundments: Fontana Dam, Cheoah Dam, Calderwood Dam, Chilhowee Dam, and Tellico Dam, and one smaller impoundment, Porters Bend Dam.
Penguin Point (Coronation Island)
Penguin Point (60°31′00″S 45°56′00″W﻿ / ﻿60.51667°S 45.93333°W﻿ / -60.51667; -45.93333) is a point which forms the northwestern extremity of Coronation Island in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica.

Coronation Island
Coronation Island is the largest of the South Orkney Islands, 25 nautical miles (46 km) long and from 3 to 8 nautical miles (5.6 to 14.8 km) wide. The island extends in a general east–west direction, is mainly ice-covered and comprises numerous bays, glaciers and peaks, the highest rising to 1,265 metres (4,150 ft).
Robertson–Webb rotating-knife procedure
The Robertson–Webb rotating-knife procedure is a procedure for envy-free cake-cutting of a two-dimensional cake among three partners.: 77–78  It makes only two cuts, so each partner receives a single connected piece.

Its main advantage over the earlier Stromquist moving-knives procedure and the later Barbanel–Brams moving-knives procedure is that it requires only a single moving-knife. This advantage uses the two-dimensional nature of the cake.

Envy-free cake-cutting
An envy-free cake-cutting is a kind of fair cake-cutting. It is a division of a heterogeneous resource ("cake") that satisfies the envy-free criterion, namely, that every partner feels that their allocated share is at least as good as any other share, according to their own subjective valuation.

When there are only two partners, the problem is easy and was solved in antiquity by the divide and choose protocol. When there are three or more partners, the problem becomes much more challenging.

Two major variants of the problem have been studied:

Connected pieces, e.g. if the cake is a 1-dimensional interval then each partner must receive a single sub-interval. If there are  partners, only  cuts are needed.

General pieces, e.g. if the cake is a 1-dimensional interval then each partner can receive a union of disjoint sub-intervals.