hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scatter matrix
For the notion in quantum mechanics, see scattering matrix.

In multivariate statistics and probability theory, the scatter matrix is a statistic that is used to make estimates of the covariance matrix, for instance of the multivariate normal distribution.

Wishart distribution
In statistics, the Wishart distribution is a generalization of the gamma distribution to multiple dimensions. It is named in honor of John Wishart, who first formulated the distribution in 1928. Other names include Wishart ensemble (in random matrix theory, probability distributions over matrices are usually called "ensembles"), or Wishart–Laguerre ensemble (since its eigenvalue distribution involve Laguerre polynomials), or LOE, LUE, LSE (in analogy with GOE, GUE, GSE).

It is a family of probability distributions defined over symmetric, positive-definite random matrices (i.e. matrix-valued random variables). These distributions are of great importance in the estimation of covariance matrices in multivariate statistics. In Bayesian statistics, the Wishart distribution is the conjugate prior of the inverse covariance-matrix  of a multivariate-normal random vector.
Aphyocharacidium
Aphyocharacidium is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes, characins belonging to the subfamily Aphyocharacinae within the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are found in tropical South America.

Aphyocharacinae
Aphyocharacinae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this subfamily are referred to as glass characins. The fishes included in this subfamily are found in South America, mainly in the basins of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, with some species extending to the west of the Andes, and others as far south as the Paraguay River. The taxa within this subfamily have an apomorphy of having two dorsal fin rays attached to the first dorsal pterygiophore.
Airtel Sri Lanka
Airtel (Sinhala: එයාටෙල්, romanized: Eyāṭel, Tamil: எயார்டெல்) was the brand name of former mobile network operator, Bharti Airtel Lanka (Pvt) Ltd. It was started as the Sri Lankan subsidiary of Indian multinational telecommunications company Bharti Airtel.

The company was awarded a mobile phone operator license in 2006 and was scheduled to start operations in early 2007, however, the company didn't commence services until 12 January 2009, with approximately 3 million subscribers of the Sri Lankan mobile market as of June 2024.

On 27th June 2024, Dialog Axiata acquired 100% of Airtel Lanka.

Bharti Airtel
Bharti Airtel is an Indian multinational telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi. It operates in 18 countries across Indian Subcontinent, Africa, and the Channel Islands. In India, the company provides mobile telephony services using 5G, 4G, and LTE Advanced technologies, along with fixed-line broadband and voice services, while the range of services varies by country of operation.

Airtel is the second-largest mobile network operator in India and one of the largest mobile network operators globally by subscriber base. It has also deployed Voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology across telecom circles in India to support voice calls over 4G networks.
Killings in Southern Kaduna
The immediate origins of killings in Southern Kaduna especially in the 2010s and early 2020s can be traced to the events that brought in Goodluck Jonathan into power in 2010 as the President of Nigeria, and escalated after the presidential election in 2011, which he won.

Nasir El-Rufai
Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai CON (Listenⓘ; born 16 February 1960) is a Nigerian politician who served as the governor of Kaduna State from 2015 to 2023. A member of the African Democratic Congress (ADC) since November 2025 after his defection from the All Progressives Congress (APC) which he was one of the founding member, and served as the minister of the Federal Capital Territory from 2003 to 2007 under the presidency of Olusegun Obasanjo.
Mentha × villosa
Mentha × villosa (syn: Mentha alopecuroides, Mentha nemorosa, Mentha villosa var. alopecuroides) also known as hairy mint or mojito mint is a hybrid species of mint, a cross between Mentha spicata and Mentha suaveolens.

This species is native to temperate and warm temperate regions of Europe and occurs in meadows, pastures, and ruderal locations. However, it is cultivated in many other countries throughout the world.

In Cuba and the Philippines, this species is known as yerba buena or hierbabuena. In Cuba, it is a core ingredient in the mojito cocktail, though other mints such as spearmint are used where mojito mint is not available. In the Philippines, this species has a long history of medicinal use and is one of 10 medicinal plant species that the Philippine government has endorsed as effective.

Yerba buena
Yerba buena or hierba buena is the Spanish name for a number of aromatic plants, most of which belong to the mint family. Yerba buena translates as "good herb". The specific plant species regarded as yerba buena varies from region to region, depending on what grows wild in the surrounding landscape, or which species is customarily grown in local gardens. Perhaps the most common variation of this plant is spearmint (Mentha spicata). The term has been (and is currently) used to cover a number of aromatic true mints and mint relatives of the genera Clinopodium, Satureja or Micromeria. All plants so named are associated with medicinal properties, and some have culinary value as herbal teas or seasonings as well.
Longineu Parsons II
Longineu Warren Parsons II is a classically trained trumpeter who plays in a wide variety of styles including jazz, blues, jazz fusion and classical. He is currently an Associate Professor of Music at Florida A&M University (FAMU).

Parsons played for Nat Adderley, Cab Calloway, Doc Severinsen, Herbie Mann, Archie Shepp, Sun Ra, Branford Marsalis and many more.  He appeared in the national production of Satchmo. He was a featured soloist in the Great Performances special "Three Mo' Tenors."

He is the father of professional musician Longineu W. Parsons III.

In 1999, Ubiquity Records imprint Luv N' Haight released Spaced: Collected Works 1980-1999, compiling several recordings Parsons had made since 1980.

Longineu W. Parsons III
Longineu Warren "LP" Parsons III (born February 16, 1980) is a French-born American rock musician. He is the current drummer of American metalcore band Evergreen Terrace and is best known as the founding drummer of the American rock band Yellowcard. He played on all of the band's studio albums from their debut outing Midget Tossing (1997) through their eighth album Southern Air (2012). He departed from the band in 2014.
Crime & Investigation (Canadian TV channel)
Crime & Investigation (stylized as Crime + Investigation) is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment. It is a licensed version of A&E Networks' U.S. channel of the same name, and airs off-network reruns of police procedural dramas from the libraries of Global and Showcase, and true crime programming from the libraries of A&E Networks and  Peacock.

The network was originally launched on September 7, 2001 as Mystery under a joint partnership between Canwest, Rogers Media and Groupe TVA, that is devoted to police drama to thrillers, suspense and reality programming. Through mulitiple ownership changes over the years, this channel was relaunched to its current name in 2014.

Discretionary service
A discretionary service is a Canadian specialty channel which, as defined by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, may be carried optionally by all subscription television providers. It replaces the previous category A, category B, category C (instead split into the categories of "mainstream sports" and "national news"), and premium classifications.

Discretionary services may air programming from any of the CRTC's defined categories, although no more than 10% of programming per month may be devoted to live professional sports. Discretionary services may be authorized to offer multiplex channels.
Thrust reversal
Thrust reversal, also called reverse thrust, is an operating mode for jet engines equipped with a thrust reverser when thrust is directed forwards for slowing an aircraft after landing. It assists wheel braking and reduces brake wear. Fatal accidents have been caused by inadvertent use of thrust reversal in flight.

Aircraft propellers also have an operating mode for directing their thrust forwards for braking, known as operating in reverse pitch.

Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller (airscrew) with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch. A controllable-pitch propeller is one where the pitch is controlled manually by the pilot. Alternatively, a constant-speed propeller is one where the pilot sets the desired engine speed (RPM), and the blade pitch is controlled automatically without the pilot's intervention so that the rotational speed remains constant. The device which controls the propeller pitch and thus speed is called a propeller governor or constant speed unit.

Reversible propellers are those where the pitch can be set to negative values. This creates reverse thrust for braking or going backwards without the need to change the direction of shaft revolution.

While some aircraft have ground-adjustable propellers, these are not considered variable-pitch. These are typically found only on light aircraft and microlights.
Hirschgarten
The Hirschgarten, formally the Königlicher Hirschgarten, is a restaurant in Munich. The restaurant is noted for its beer garden. It has seating for over 8000 people.

The restaurant dates back to 1791.

Beer garden
A beer garden (German: Biergarten) is an outdoor area in which beer and food are served, typically at shared tables shaded by trees.

Beer gardens originated in Bavaria, of which Munich is the capital city, in the 19th century, and remain common in Southern Germany. They are usually attached to a brewery, beer hall, pub, or restaurant.
Naugatuck Center Historic District
The Naugatuck Center Historic District encompasses the historic civic and business center of Naugatuck, Connecticut.  Centered around the town green, the district includes churches, schools and municipal buildings, many from the late 19th or early 20th centuries, as well as a diversity of residential architecture.   The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Naugatuck, Connecticut
Naugatuck (/ˈnɔːɡətʌk/; NAW-gə-tuhk) is a consolidated borough and town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town, part of the Naugatuck Valley Planning Region, had a population of 31,519 as of the 2020 census.

The town spans both sides of the Naugatuck River just south of Waterbury and includes the communities of Union City on the east side of the river, Straitsville on the southeast (along Route 63), and Millville on the west (along Rubber Avenue).
Mary Stevens Park
52°26′58″N 2°09′17″W﻿ / ﻿52.44939°N 2.15460°W﻿ / 52.44939; -2.15460

Mary Stevens Park is a public park located in Norton, Stourbridge, West Midlands, England. Opened to the public in 1931, it attracts 1.3 million visitors per year and is approximately 13.65 hectares (33.7 acres).

It was given to the town of Stourbridge by local industrialist and philanthropist Ernest Stevens, in honour of his wife Mary.

Landscape features include a pond called Heath Pool which was a former mill pond and a mixture of open spaces and woodland.

The park has a number of architectural features including the War Memorial and the Main Entrance gates which are both Grade II listed. It also has the park keeper's cottage, council house, a bandstand and a café in the tea gardens.

Sports and exercise facilities include tennis courts, multi-use games area, Crown green bowls and croquet, an outdoor gym, Healthy Hub Activity Centre as well as a  children's playground and water play feature.

Norton, Stourbridge
Norton is a suburb and council ward in the town of Stourbridge, West Midlands. It has a population of 11,943 in an area of 569 hectares. The population is largely White British and self-identifies as predominantly Christian.
Beaver Country Day School
Beaver Country Day School is an independent, college-preparatory day school for students in grades 6 through 12, founded in 1920. The school is located on a 17-acre (69,000 m2) campus in the village of Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, near Boston. Beaver is a member of the Cum Laude Society, the Independent Curriculum Group, and the National Association of Independent Schools. Beaver is accredited by the New England Association of Schools.

Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
Chestnut Hill is a village located six miles (10 km) west of downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is best known for being home to Boston College and a section of the Boston Marathon route. Like all Massachusetts villages, Chestnut Hill is not an incorporated municipal entity. It is located partially in Brookline in Norfolk County, partially in the city of Boston in Suffolk County, and partially in the city of Newton in Middlesex County. Chestnut Hill's borders are defined by the 02467 ZIP Code. The name refers to several small hills that overlook the 135-acre (546,000 m2) Chestnut Hill Reservoir rather than one particular hill.
1st Combat Engineer Regiment (Australia)
The 1st Combat Engineer Regiment (1 CER) is a combat engineer regiment of the Australian Army. Based in the Northern Territory and attached to 1st Brigade, it is a Regular Army unit of the Royal Australian Engineers and is tasked with providing mobility and counter mobility support.

1st Brigade (Australia)
1st Brigade is a combined arms formation of the Australian Army. Formed in 1903 as a militia formation based in New South Wales, it was reconstituted as part of the Australian Imperial Force in 1914 for service during World War I, the brigade fought at Gallipoli and on the Western Front before being disbanded in mid-1919. In 1921, the 1st Brigade was re-raised as a unit of Australia's part-time military forces, based in New South Wales. During World War II the brigade undertook defensive duties before being disbanded. In 1948, it was re-raised as an integral part of the Australian Regular Army. Currently the brigade is based at Robertson Barracks in Darwin and at RAAF Base Edinburgh near Adelaide, South Australia. It is the first of the Australian Army brigades to be re-organised as a combat brigade under Plan Beersheba.
Jerry Shea
Jeremiah Shea (12 August 1892 – 30 June 1947) was a Welsh international dual-code rugby centre who played club rugby for Newport and Pill Harriers under the rugby union code and later represented Wigan as a professional rugby league footballer. Shea was an all round athlete, and was an accomplished swimmer and professional boxer. He is best known as being the first rugby union player to achieve the Full House of scoring in an international match.

New Zealand Army rugby team of 1919
The New Zealand Army rugby team of 1919 was a rugby union team which represented New Zealand after the end of the First World War. Although spoken of as a single team, there were several New Zealand Services teams playing in Britain at the conclusion of the War. The most notable being the touring Army XV who played a series of games throughout Great Britain and France, including an internationally recognised match against the Wales national team. With the introduction of the King's Cup; a services tournament between forces from Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa, the team split intself in two. The 'A' Team taking part in the King's Cup, while the 'B' team continued touring against club and county opponents.
Do Shin (constituency)
Do Shin is one of the 29 constituencies in the Sai Kung District.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the Sai Kung District Council, with an election every four years.

Do Shin constituency is loosely based on Shin Ming Estate in Tseung Kwan O with estimated population of 15,314.

Shin Ming Estate
Shin Ming Estate (Chinese: 善明邨) is a public housing estate in Tiu Keng Leng, Tseung Kwan O, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Metro Town and MTR Tiu Keng Leng station. It consists of two housing blocks housing 2,000 flats completed in 2011.
Dos (band)
dos (Spanish, 'two') is an American rock group composed of Mike Watt and Kira Roessler, who both sing and play bass guitar. Critic Greg Prato describes their unusual instrumentation as "a haunting yet intriguing and original sound."

Both performers have substantial experience in pioneering punk groups: Watt has been a member of the Reactionaries, the Minutemen, Firehose, Banyan and the reunited lineup of the Stooges, while Roessler was in Black Flag for about two years.

Firehose (band)
Firehose (stylized as fIREHOSE) was an American alternative rock band consisting of Mike Watt (bass, vocals), Ed Crawford (guitar, vocals), and George Hurley (drums). They were initially active from 1986 to 1994, and briefly reunited in 2012.
Karayuki-san
Karayuki-san (Japanese: 唐行きさん) was the name given to Japanese girls and women in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who were trafficked from poverty-stricken agricultural prefectures in Japan to destinations in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Siberia (Russian Far East), Manchuria, British India, and Australia, to serve as prostitutes.

Japanese Cemetery Park
The Japanese Cemetery Park (Japanese: 日本人墓地公園; rōmaji: Nihonjin bochi kōen) is a cemetery and memorial park in Hougang, Singapore. Covering an area of 29,359 square metres, it is the largest Japanese cemetery in Southeast Asia and contains 910 tombstones. The cemetery servers as the final resting place for members of the Japanese community in Singapore, including civilians, soldiers, and individuals who were executed as war criminals at Changi Prison, as well as others who were involved in the wartime sex trade. The site was gazetted as a memorial park by the Singapore government in 1987.
Tibet Autonomous Region
The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), often shortened to Tibet, or referred to in Chinese as Xizang, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It was established in 1965 to replace the Tibet Area, a former administrative division of the Republic of China.

The current borders of the Tibet Autonomous Region were generally established in the 18th century and include about half of cultural Tibet, which was at times independent and at times either under the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty or Qing dynasty rule. The TAR spans more than 1,200,000 km2 (460,000 sq mi) and is the second-largest province-level division of China by area. Due to its harsh and rugged terrain, it has a total population of only 3.6 million people or approximately 3 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.8/sq mi).

Doilungdêqên, Lhasa
Doilungdêqên District is a district in Lhasa, north-west of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet Autonomous Region. It is largely agricultural or pastoral, but contains the western suburbs of the city of Lhasa. The Duilong River runs southeast through the district to the Lhasa River. A prehistoric site appears to be 3600–3000 years old. The district is home to the Tsurphu Monastery (1189) and the 17th century Nechung monastery.
St. John's School (Guam)
St. John's School is a private college preparatory school located in the Tumon area of Tamuning, Guam, United States.

The school, affiliated with the Episcopal Church in Micronesia, serves students from pre-kindergarten through 12th grade. The school is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and authorized by the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO) to provide the IBO Diploma.

Tamuning, Guam
Tamuning, also known as Tamuning-Tumon-Harmon (Chamorro: Tamuneng), is a village located on the western shore of the United States territory of Guam. The village of Tamuning is the economic center of Guam, containing tourist center Tumon, Harmon Industrial Park, and other commercial districts. Its central location along Marine Corps Drive, the island's main thoroughfare, has aided in its development.

Tamuning is the site of the access roads and the old passenger terminal of Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, the passenger airport for Guam. Fort Juan Muña, in Harmon, is a facility for the Guam Army National Guard.

The present and former locations of Guam Memorial Hospital, Guam's only civilian and government operated hospital, are in Tamuning. With Guam's only private birthing center also in the village, most modern civilian births on Guam take place in Tamuning.
King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford
King Edward VI Grammar School, or KEGS, is an English grammar school with academy status located in the city of Chelmsford, Essex. It takes pupils between the ages of 11 and 18 (school years 7 to 13). For years 7 to 11 the school is boys-only, and mixed in the sixth form (years 12 and 13).  The current headteacher is Natalie Wilson. It was ranked 9th out of all schools in England by the Sunday Times (2025 rankings), and is the 2025 East Anglia State Secondary School of the Year.

Joseph Strutt (engraver and antiquary)
Joseph Strutt (27 October 1749 – 16 October 1802) was an English engraver, artist, antiquary, and writer.  He is today most significant as the earliest and "most important single figure in the investigation of the costume of the past", making him "an influential but totally neglected figure in the history of art in Britain", according to Sir Roy Strong.
Velykodolynske
Velykodolynske (Ukrainian: Великодолинське, Russian: Великодолинское) is a rural settlement in Odesa Raion of Odesa Oblast in Ukraine. It is located approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of the city of Odesa and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the Black Sea coast. Velykodolynske hosts the administration of Velykodolynske settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 14,012 (2022 estimate)

Velykodolynske settlement hromada
Velykodolynske settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Великодолинська селищна громада) is a hromada in Odesa Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Population: 16,797 (2020 est.)

The hromada consists of two rural settlement of Velykodolynske and a villages of Molodizhne.
Anna Pavlova
Anna Pavlovna Pavlova (born Anna Matveyevna Pavlova; 12 February [O.S. 31 January] 1881 – 23 January 1931) was a Russian prima ballerina. She was a principal artist of the Imperial Russian Ballet and the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev, but is most recognized for creating the role of The Dying Swan and, with her own company, being the first ballerina to tour the world, including South America, India, Mexico and Australia.

Pointe shoe
A pointe shoe (UK: /pwæ̃t/, US: /pwɑːnt, pɔːɪnt/), also referred to as a ballet shoe, is a type of shoe worn by ballet dancers when performing pointe work. Pointe shoes were conceived in response to the desire for dancers to appear weightless and sylph-like and have evolved to enable dancers to dance en pointe (on the tips of their toes) for extended periods of time.