hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Émile Léonard Mathieu
Émile Léonard Mathieu (French: [matjø]; 15 May 1835, in Metz – 19 October 1890, in Nancy) was a French mathematician. He is known for his work in group theory and mathematical physics. He has given his name to the Mathieu functions, Mathieu groups and Mathieu transformation. He authored a treatise of mathematical physics in 6 volumes.
Volume 1 is an exposition of the techniques to solve the differential equations of mathematical physics,
and contains an account of the applications of Mathieu functions to electrostatics.
Volume 2 deals with capillarity. Volumes 3 and 4 deal with electrostatics and magnetostatics.
Volume 5 deals with electrodynamics, and volume 6 with elasticity. The asteroid 27947 Emilemathieu was named in his honour.

Mathieu function
In mathematics, Mathieu functions, sometimes called angular Mathieu functions, are solutions of Mathieu's differential equation

where a, q are real-valued parameters. Since we may add π/2 to x to change the sign of q, it is a usual convention to set q ≥ 0.

They were first introduced by Émile Léonard Mathieu, who encountered them while studying vibrating elliptical drumheads. They have applications in many fields of the physical sciences, such as optics, quantum mechanics, and general relativity. They tend to occur in problems involving periodic motion, or in the analysis of partial differential equation (PDE) boundary value problems possessing elliptic symmetry.
The Why of Fry
"The Why of Fry" is the tenth episode in the  fourth season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 64th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on April 6, 2003. The episode later aired in the United Kingdom in August 2003. The episode was written by David X. Cohen and directed by Wes Archer, who also directed 26 episodes of The Simpsons and six episodes of King Of The Hill. In this episode, it is revealed that Fry's cryogenic freezing and arrival in the 31st century was not an accident, but a calculated plot by Nibbler to save the universe. Along with "Where No Fan Has Gone Before" (which directly succeeds this episode in production order), it is one of two episodes that do not feature Professor Farnsworth.

The Day the Earth Stood Stupid
"The Day the Earth Stood Stupid" is the seventh episode in the  third season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 39th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 18, 2001. The title of this episode is a play on the title of the 1951 science fiction film, The Day the Earth Stood Still.
Plexicushion
Plexicushion is a brand of acrylic-based hardcourt tennis surface and one of the surface types used on the professional Association of Tennis Professionals and Women's Tennis Association tours. It is manufactured and sold by the sports surfaces division of California Products Corporation, a company based in Andover, Massachusetts, United States.

GreenSet
GreenSet is a supplier of acrylic hardcourt surfaces used in many professional tennis events run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and on the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) tours. It is made of layers of acrylic resin and silica on top of an asphalt or concrete base, for permanent facilities, or on top of a wooden platform, for venues with occasional use. The company is based in Barcelona, Spain.
Lisgoold GAA
Lisgoold GAA Club is a gaelic football, hurling and ladies football club based in the village of Lisgoold, County Cork, Ireland. The club draws its support from Leamlara, Ballincurrig, Peafield and Lisgoold itself. The club fields teams in Cork GAA and Imokilly GAA divisional competitions.

Lisgoold
Lisgoold (Irish: Lios Cúil) is a village and civil parish in County Cork, Ireland. Lisgoold is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cloyne, and is served by St John the Baptist Catholic church. Lisgoold is part of the Cork East Dáil constituency.
Xenachoffatia
Xenachoffatia is a small Jurassic mammal from Portugal. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It lived during "the age of the dinosaurs" and belongs to the suborder Plagiaulacida, family Paulchoffatiidae.

The genus Xenachoffatia ("for Xena Choffat") was named by Hahn G. and Hahn R. in 1998. The primary species Xenachoffatia oinopion (Hahn & Hahn, 1998) was found in Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) Camadas de Guimarota of Guimarota, Portugal. The classification is based on three upper molars.

Plagiaulacida
Plagiaulacida is a group of extinct multituberculate mammals. Multituberculates were among the most common mammals of the Mesozoic, "the age of the dinosaurs". Plagiaulacids are a paraphyletic grouping, containing all multituberculates that lie outside of the advanced group Cimolodonta. They ranged from the Middle Jurassic Period to the early Late Cretaceous of the Northern Hemisphere. During the Cenomanian, they were replaced by the more advanced cimolodontans.

Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001) divides "Plagiaulacida" into three informal lineages, the paulchoffatiids, the plagiaulicids, and the allodontids.
Medical dictionary
A medical dictionary is a lexicon for medical terminology.

The four major medical dictionaries in the United States are Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions, Stedman's, Taber's, and Dorland's. Other significant medical dictionaries are distributed by Elsevier.

Dictionaries often have multiple versions, with content adapted for different user groups. For example Stedman's Concise Medical Dictionary and Dorland's are for general use and allied health care, while the full text editions are reference works used by medical students, doctors, and health professionals. Medical dictionaries are commonly available in print, online, or as downloadable software packages for personal computers and smartphones.

Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary
Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary is an encyclopedic medical dictionary published by F.A. Davis Company since 1940 by Clarence Wilbur Taber. Taber's is a recommended medical reference book for libraries and attorneys. It is available in print, online, and in multiple mobile device formats. The 23rd edition, published in 2017, contains more than 65,000 entries and over 1,200 images.
National Transmission System
The United Kingdom's National Transmission System (NTS) is the network of gas pipelines that supply gas to about forty power stations and large industrial users from natural gas terminals situated on the coast, and to gas distribution companies that supply commercial and domestic users. It covers Great Britain, i.e. England, Wales and Scotland.

BG Group
BG Group plc was a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Reading, Berkshire, England. On 8 April 2015, Royal Dutch Shell announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire BG Group for $70 billion, subject to regulatory and shareholder agreement. The sale was completed on 15 February 2016. Prior to the takeover, BG Group was listed on the London Stock Exchange (BG.L) and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In the 2015 Forbes Global 2000, BG Group was ranked as the 583rd largest public company in the world.

Prior to its acquisition by Shell, BG Group had operations in 25 countries across six continents and produced around 680,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. It had a major liquefied natural gas (LNG) business and was the largest supplier of LNG to the United States. As at 31 December 2009, it had total proven commercial reserves of 2.6 billion barrels (410,000,000 m3) of oil equivalent.
Gouldsboro Bay
Gouldsboro Bay is a bay on the coast of the U.S. state of Maine.

The bay is located between the towns of Gouldsboro and Steuben.
It is separated from Dyer Bay to the west by Dyer Neck, from Prospect Harbor to the southwest by Cranberry Point, and from the Gulf of Maine by the Sally Islands.

The bay extends roughly 7 mi. (11 km) and is 2 mi. (3 km) at its widest.

Prospect Harbor
Prospect Harbor is a bay in Gouldsboro, Maine. It is separated from Gouldsboro Bay to the northeast by Cranberry Point and from Winter Harbor to the west by the Schoodic Peninsula.

The bay is roughly 3 mi. (5 km) long and 3 mi. across (5 km) at its widest.
Arakan campaign (1942–1943)
The Arakan campaign of 1942–1943 was the first tentative Allied attack into Burma, following the Japanese invasion of Burma earlier in 1942, during the Second World War. The British Army and British Indian Army were not ready for offensive actions in the difficult terrain they encountered, nor had the civil government, industry and transport infrastructure of Eastern India been organised to support the Army on the frontier with Burma. Japanese defenders occupying well-prepared positions repeatedly repulsed the British and Indian forces, who were then forced to retreat when the Japanese received reinforcements and counter-attacked.

Rakhine State
Rakhine State (/rəˈkaɪn/ ⓘ rə-KYN; Burmese: ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်, MLCTS: ra.hkuing pranynai, pronounced [jəkʰàiɰ̃ pjìnɛ̀]; Rakhine pronunciation: [ɹəkʰàiɰ̃ pɹènè]), formerly known as Arakan State, is a state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. The north–south Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separate Rakhine State from central Myanmar. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Ramree, Cheduba and Myingun. Rakhine State has an area of 36,762 square kilometres (14,194 sq mi) and its capital is Sittwe (formerly known as Akyab).

As of November 2025, the Arakan Army which is the armed wing of the ethnic Rakhine, maintains de facto control over approximately 90 percent of the state, including 14 of its 17 townships.
San Carlos, Valencia
San Carlos is one of the 31 barangays of Valencia City, Bukidnon.
It is bounded by Lurogan in the west, Bagontaas, Mailag, and Colonia in the east,
Barobo in the south, and the Poblacion in the southeast.

Lurugan, Bukidnon
Lurugan is one of the 31 barangays of Valencia City, Bukidnon.
It is bounded by Mount Nebo in the west, San Carlos in the
east, the municipality of Lantapan in the north,
and Tugaya and Barobo in the south.

During the American Occupation of the Philippines, this area was part of Lurugan Valley, where the first Secretary of the Interior, Dean C. Worcester, established his own ranch in 1921. This was aside from the 10,000 hectares he acquired near Diklum for AMPHILCO (American Philippine Company). After his death, his son Frederick managed the ranch. Based on the topography of the place, Lurugan Valley also included Kisalom, which is now part of Mountain View College.

It was described in 1922 by the Bureau of Agriculture as having a "billowy plain" to its east towards Mailag, "more pronounced hills covered with heavy cogon and secondary forests" to its southwest up to Guinoyuran, and a "wide belt of virgin forest" to its northwest.
Mark Foy's
Mark Foy's Limited or Mark Foy's was a department store in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, founded by Francis Foy and his brother Mark Foy. The department store was named after their father, Mark Foy (senior), and traded between 1885 and 1980.

Liverpool Street, Sydney
Liverpool Street  is a street in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia.

Liverpool Street runs east–west in the southern portion of the central business district and forms the southern boundary of Hyde Park. At Elizabeth Street traffic flows in a westerly direction only towards its western terminus at Darling Harbour. From Elizabeth Street in an easterly direction, traffic flows both east and west where it reaches a major intersection at Whitlam Square before continuing as a minor suburban street through East Sydney and Darlinghurst, terminating at Boundary Street.
Weissach
Weissach (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪsax]) is a municipality in the district of Böblingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

Erich Hartmann (April 19, 1922, in Weissach – September 20, 1993, in Weil im Schönbuch) was a Luftwaffe pilot in World War 2. With 352 confirmed kills, he was the most successful fighter pilot in the history of air combat.

Weil im Schönbuch
Weil im Schönbuch (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪl ʔɪm ˈʃøːnbuːx], lit. 'Weil in the Schönbuch') is a municipality in the Böblingen district, middle Neckar region, Stuttgart governmental district, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Its name is derived from the presence of a Roman villa in the area.  Two smaller villages, Neuweiler and Breitenstein, are incorporated into Weil im Schönbuch.  Portions of the Schönbuch Natural Park belong to Weil im Schönbuch; the forested park has many scenic paths, ponds, streams and protected areas for animals and rare plants.
Egyptian Military Academy
Egyptian Military Academy is the most prominent military academy in Egypt. Traditionally, graduates of the Military Academy are commissioned as officers in the Egyptian Armed Forces, Its established in accordance with Law No. 149 of 2022.

Military academy
A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.

Three types of academy exist: pre-collegiate-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's-degree-level qualifications, and those preparing officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of the state.

A naval academy is either a type of military academy (in the broad sense of that term) or is distinguished from one (in the narrow sense). In U.S. usage, the Military, Merchant Marine, Naval, Coast Guard, and the Air Force Academy serve as military academies under the categorization of service academies in that country.
Blue Ribbon Network
The Blue Ribbon Network is a policy element of the London Plan relating to the waterways of London, England.

Aside from the River Thames, the major components of the network are:

Grand Union Canal

Regent's Canal

River Lee Navigation

River Brent

River Roding

River Rom

River Crane

Beverley Brook

River Wandle

Ravensbourne River

Silk Stream

Pymmes Brook

Salmons Brook

Moselle Brook

Ingrebourne River

River Cray

The network also includes docks, reservoirs and lakes and covered over sections of rivers. The London Plan promotes the use of the waterways for leisure, passenger and tourist traffic, and the transport of freight and general goods. The canal part of the network makes up 90 kilometres (56 mi) of waterway. The London Waterways Commission advises the Mayor of London on the implementation of the waterways policies.

Silk Stream
The Silk Stream is a brook just over 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long in the London Borough of Barnet. It is one of the major components of the Blue Ribbon Network.

The Silk Stream is a tributary of the River Brent, which it joins at Brent Reservoir. It has several tributaries including Burnt Oak Brook, Edgware Brook, the Edgwarebury Brook and Deans Brook. The Silk Stream runs north–south through Colindale and Hendon. It gives its name to Silkstream Road, near Burnt Oak station, and the Silk Bridge Retail Park beside where it passes under the A5.

Silk Stream and Burnt Oak Brook are a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II.

The name Silk is believed to derive from sulh or sulc, Old English words for plough or furrow.
Jauch family
The Jauch family is a German Hanseatic family that can be traced back to the Late Middle Ages. In the late 17th century, they settled in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, where they engaged in long-distance trade. Members of the family became hereditary grand burghers of Hamburg and acquired the Lordship of Wellingsbüttel, today a part of the city's Wellingsbüttel district.

The Jauch family has produced a number of notable descendants, both through the male and female lines.

SM U-40 (Germany)
SM U-40 was a German Type U 31 U-boat of the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I.

Her construction was ordered on 12 June 1912 and her keel was laid down on 3 April 1913 by Germaniawerft of Kiel. She was launched on 22 October 1914 and commissioned on 14 February 1915 under the command of Gerhardt Fürbringer. Second officer was lieutenant Rudolf Jauch (of the Jauch family).

U-40 conducted one patrol, without sinking a ship.
Irvine-Byrne Building
Irvine-Byrne Building, also known as Irvine Block, Byrne Building, Giant Penny Building, Pan American Building, and Pan American Lofts, is a historic five-story building located at 249-259 South Broadway, on the corner of Broadway and 3rd Street, in the Broadway Theater District in the historic core of downtown Los Angeles. It is the second-oldest commercial building in the historic core, after the Bradbury Building located at the same intersection and designed and built by the same individuals.

Broadway (Los Angeles)
Broadway is a major thoroughfare in Los Angeles County, California. The portion of Broadway from 3rd to 9th streets was Los Angeles's main commercial area from the 1910s until World War II and in 1979, it was listed as the Broadway Theater and Commercial District in the National Register of Historic Places, the first and largest theater district to be listed. The district was expanded to 2nd and Olympic in 2002.
N-body simulation
In physics and astronomy, an N-body simulation is a simulation of a dynamical system of particles, usually under the influence of physical forces, such as gravity (see n-body problem for other applications). N-body simulations are widely used tools in astrophysics, from investigating the dynamics of few-body systems like the Earth-Moon-Sun system to understanding the evolution of the large-scale structure of the universe. In physical cosmology, N-body simulations are used to study processes of non-linear structure formation such as galaxy filaments and galaxy halos from the influence of dark matter. Direct N-body simulations are used to study the dynamical evolution of star clusters.

Galaxy formation and evolution
In cosmology, the study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to occur from structure formation theories, as a result of tiny quantum fluctuations in the aftermath of the Big Bang. The simplest model in general agreement with observed phenomena is the Lambda-CDM model—that is, clustering and merging allows galaxies to accumulate mass, determining both their shape and structure. Hydrodynamics simulation, which simulates both baryons and dark matter, is widely used to study galaxy formation and evolution.
Exponential map (Riemannian geometry)
In Riemannian geometry, an exponential map is a map from a subset of a tangent space TpM of a Riemannian manifold (or pseudo-Riemannian manifold) M to M itself.  The (pseudo) Riemannian metric determines a canonical affine connection, and the exponential map of the (pseudo) Riemannian manifold is given by the exponential map of this connection.

Tangent space
In mathematics, the tangent space of a manifold is a generalization of tangent lines to curves in two-dimensional space and tangent planes to surfaces in three-dimensional space in higher dimensions. In the context of physics, the tangent space to a manifold at a point can be viewed as the space of possible velocities for a particle moving on the manifold.
Avro Club Cadet
The Avro Club Cadet was a 1930s single-engined British biplane trainer aircraft, designed and built by Avro as a development of the earlier Cadet. It was planned for private and club use and, unlike the Cadet, was fitted with folding wings.

Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major
The Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major is a British five-cylinder (later seven-cylinder), air-cooled, radial engine for aircraft, designed and built by Armstrong Siddeley and first run in 1928. It developed 140 horsepower (104 kW). In Royal Air Force use the seven-cylinder version was known as the Civet I. The Feliform names used are in line with company convention, the Genet and Civet both being large cat-like carnivores.
Greenville High School (Mississippi)
Greenville High School, also known as Greenville Weston High School, is a public high school in Greenville, Mississippi, United States. It is a part of the Greenville Public School District.

The district includes the majority of Greenville.

Greenville Public School District
The Greenville Public School District (GPSD) or Greenville Public Schools (GPS) is a public school district based in Greenville, Mississippi (USA).

The district includes the majority of Greenville.

Adam Ganucheau and Kate Royals of Mississippi Today wrote in 2021 that the district was "one of the most under-resourced school districts" in the United States.
Orrin Olsen
Orrin James Olsen (born July 7, 1953) is an American former professional football player who was a center for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the BYU Cougars. Olsen played one season with the Chiefs in 1976, which was notable because two of his brothers, Merlin and Phil, were also playing in the league at the time.

Phil Olsen (American football)
Phillip Vernor Olsen (born April 26, 1948) is an American former professional football player who was a center and defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Rams and Denver Broncos. He was also a member of the Buffalo Bills. Olsen played college football for the Utah State Aggies. He is the younger brother of Pro Football Hall of Fame member Merlin Olsen.
Homologous chromosome
Homologous chromosomes or homologs are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis. Homologs have the same genes in the same loci, where they provide points along each chromosome that enable a pair of chromosomes to align correctly with each other before separating during meiosis. This is the basis for Mendelian inheritance, which characterizes inheritance patterns of genetic material from an organism to its offspring parent developmental cell at the given time and area.

Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents. Through heredity, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural selection. The study of heredity in biology is genetics.