hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franz Wallack
Franz Friedrich Wallack (24 August 1887 – 31 October 1966) was an Austrian civil engineer. He mainly designed and built mountain pass roads, in particular the Grossglockner High Alpine Road across the High Tauern range between Salzburg and Carinthia.

Grossglockner High Alpine Road
The Grossglockner High Alpine Road (in German Großglockner Hochalpenstraße) is the highest surfaced mountain pass road in Austria. It connects Bruck in the state of Salzburg with Heiligenblut in Carinthia via Fuscher Törl at 2,428 m (7,966 ft) and Hochtor Pass at 2,504 m (8,215 ft). The road is named after the Grossglockner, Austria's highest mountain. Built as a scenic route, a toll is charged.
Guadalupe, Piauí
Guadalupe is a municipality of the Brazilian state of Piaui. It is located in latitude 06° 47' 13" south and longitude 43° 34' 09" west, with an elevation of 177 meters.

The Boa Esperança Hydroelectric Power Plant is in Guadalupe, and provides electricity to the state of Piauí.

Boa Esperança Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Boa Esperança Hydroelectric Power Station (formerly known as Marshal Castelo Branco Hydroelectric Power Station) is a hydroelectric power station in the city of Guadalupe, Piauí in Brazil. It is located on the Parnaíba River.
Extraterrestrial (Tynan and Kompany song)
"Extraterrestrial" is a song by American electronic music producer Tynan and Los Angeles–based dubstep producer Kompany. English record label Never Say Die Records released it on August 27, 2018. The song was released as part of Tynan's Pandora's Box extended play released on November 9, 2018.

Kompany (musician)
Kyle Hagberg (born October 3, 1991), better known by his stage name Kompany, is a Los Angeles-based dubstep producer and DJ. He is known for his releases on the British record label Never Say Die Records, including his Revolt, New Reign, and Metropolis extended plays and his various collaborations with other Never Say Die artists.
Our Twisted Hero
Our Twisted Hero (Korean: 우리들의 일그러진 영웅) is a South Korean novel written by Yi Munyol. It is a political allegory of Korea's transition from dictatorship to democracy, with themes of how totalitarianism can crush intellectual opposition, either by intimidation or assimilation.

It was first published by World Literature (세계의 문학) in June 1987. Yi Munyol was awarded the 1987 Yi Sang Literary Award for the novel.

This book was a big hit in South Korea and was later made into the 1992 film adaptation, Our Twisted Hero, directed by Park Jong-won. It was translated into English by Kevin O'Rourke and published by Minumsa Publishing in 1988 and Hyperion East in 2001.

Yi Sang Literary Award
The Yi Sang Literary Award (이상문학상) is a South Korean literary award. It is one of South Korea's most prestigious literary awards, named after Yi Sang, an innovative writer in modern Korean literature. The Yi Sang Literary Award was established in 1977. It is sponsored by the Korean publisher Munhaksasangsa.
Dmitry of Uglich
Dmitry Ivanovich (Russian: Дмитрий Иванович; 29 October [O.S. 19 October] 1582 – 15 May 1591) was the youngest son of Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible. He was the tsarevich (heir apparent) for close to seven years of his half-brother Feodor I's reign (though his legitimacy as an heir could have been contested by the Russian Orthodox Church). After his death, he was impersonated by a number of imposters to the throne, during the Time of Troubles.

Uglich
Uglich (Russian: У́глич, IPA: [ˈuɡlʲɪtɕ]) is a historic town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River. Population:  34,507 (2010 Census); 38,260 (2002 Census); 39,975 (1989 Soviet census).
South Wales Institute of Engineers
South Wales Institute of Engineers was founded in 1857 as a learned society for engineers and scientists in the area, arranging lectures and publishing the Proceedings of the South Wales Institute of Engineers. William Menelaus founded the organisation at a meeting at the Castle Hotel, Merthyr, and became its first president. In 2007, the body was re-constituted as South Wales Institute of Engineers Educational Trust 2007 (SWIEET2007).

Amongst eminent presidents was Edmund Mills Hann who was also only the second recipient of the institute's Gold Medal which was established in 1904.

Proceedings of the South Wales Institute of Engineers
Proceedings of the South Wales Institute of Engineers is the annual journal of the South Wales Institute of Engineers.  It contains scholarly and popular articles on engineering, scientific and economic topics. It was initially published as Transactions of the South Wales Institute of Engineers (Vol. 1, 1859 to Vol. 62 (1946), then renamed Proceedings of the South Wales Institute of Engineers, Vol. 63 (1947)- Vol. 99 (1991).  In 1992 it was renamed Engineering South Wales.

The journal is being digitized by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales and is considered by the Library as one of "the most significant journal and periodical titles" in Wales.
Sungailiat
Sungailiat, also known as Liet-kong in Hakka, is a town and district (kecamatan) of Bangka Regency, in the Bangka-Belitung province of Indonesia. It is also the regency seat.

It is the second-largest settlement on the island, right after the provincial capital of Pangkal Pinang. The town is located on the eastern coast of the island, about 30 kilometres north of Pangkal Pinang, to which it is connected by a paved road.

The district is further divided into 13, consisting of one desa/village and 12 kelurahan/urban village.

Bangka Island
Bangka is an island lying east of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is administered under the province of the Bangka Belitung Islands, being one of its namesakes alongside the smaller island of Belitung across the Gaspar Strait. The 9th largest island in Indonesia, it had a population of 1,146,581 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,191,300. It is the location of the provincial capital of Pangkal Pinang, and is administratively divided into four regencies and a city. The island itself and the surrounding sea suffers considerable environmental damage from its thriving tin mining industry which operates on- and offshore.
Tainui
Tainui is a tribal waka confederation of New Zealand Māori iwi. The Tainui confederation comprises four principal related Māori iwi of the central North Island of New Zealand: Hauraki, Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Raukawa and Waikato.
There are other Tainui iwi whose tribal areas lay outside the traditional Tainui boundaries – Ngāi Tai in the Auckland area, Ngāti Raukawa ki Te Tonga and Ngāti Toa in the Horowhenua, Kāpiti region, and Ngāti Rārua and Ngāti Koata in the northern South Island.

Waikato Tainui
Waikato Tainui, Waikato or Tainui is a group of Māori iwi based in the Waikato Region, in the western central region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the larger Tainui confederation of Polynesian settlers who arrived to New Zealand on the Tainui waka (migration canoe). The tribe is named after the Waikato River, which plays a large part in its history and culture.

Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, the first Māori king, was a member of the Ngāti Mahuta hapu (sub-tribe) of Waikato iwi, and his descendants have succeeded him. The king movement is based at Tūrangawaewae marae (meeting place) in Ngāruawāhia.

The Waikato-Tainui iwi comprises 33 hapū (sub-tribes) and 68 marae (family groupings), with a population of over 80,000 tribal members who affiliate to it. In the 2023 New Zealand census, 47,664 people gave Waikato as an affiliation. Hamilton City is now the tribe's largest population centre, but Ngāruawāhia remains its historical centre and modern capital.
Lake Kanozero
Kanozero (Russian: Канозеро) is a lake on the river Umba in Murmansk Oblast in Russia.

The lake is 32 km long and between three and six kilometers wide. Ita area is 84.3 square kilometres (32.5 sq mi). It is situated about halfway between Lake Umbozero and the White Sea.  The Umba river enters the lake on the east side, about five kilometers from its northern end.  Two of the Umba's main tributaries, the Kana and the Muna, flow into the Umba through Lake Kanozero.

The lake has two outflow channels: At Zasheyek-Kanozero at the very southern end of the lake the Rodvinga channel exits through the Kanoserskiy Falls, while five kilometers to the northeast the Kitsa channel leaves the lake over the Padun Falls.  The channels rejoin in Lake Ponchozero about ten kilometers downriver.

Lake Kanozero is also known for the Kanozero Petroglyphs.

Muna (Umba)
The Muna (Russian: Муна) is a river in the southwestern part on the Kola Peninsula, Murmansk Oblast, Russia. The Muna is a tributary to the river Umba. It is 40 kilometres (25 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 988 square kilometres (381 sq mi). Its source is Lake Munozero, about 30 km east of Lake Kanozero. From there it flows towards the west, following a winding course through a sparsely populated, hilly landscape dominated by forests and bogs. A substantial tributary, the Inga, flows into the Muna from the north. The Muna's outlet is at the eastern bank of Lake Kanozero, about 8 km southeast of where the river Umba falls into the same lake.
Lenny Moore
Leonard Edward Moore (born November 25, 1933) is an American former professional football player who was a halfback and flanker for the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL) from 1956 to 1967. He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions. He was named the NFL Rookie of the Year in 1956 and was selected to the Pro Bowl seven times. Moore was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1975.

Baltimore Colts
The Baltimore Colts were a professional American football team based in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983, when its owner Robert Irsay moved the franchise to Indianapolis. The team was named for Baltimore's history of horse breeding and racing. It was the second incarnation of the Baltimore Colts, the first having played for three years in the All-America Football Conference and one in the National Football League (NFL). The Baltimore Colts played their home games at Memorial Stadium.
Policy gradient method
Policy gradient methods are a class of reinforcement learning algorithms and a sub-class of policy optimization methods. Unlike value-based methods which learn a value function to derive a policy, policy optimization methods directly learn a policy function  that selects actions without consulting a value function. For policy gradient to apply, the policy function  is parameterized by a differentiable parameter .

Reasoning model
A reasoning model, also known as reasoning language models (RLMs) or large reasoning models (LRMs), is a type of large language model (LLM) that has been specifically trained to solve complex tasks requiring multiple steps of logical reasoning. These models demonstrate superior performance on logic, mathematics, and programming tasks compared to standard LLMs. They possess the ability to revisit and revise earlier reasoning steps and utilize additional computation during inference as a method to scale performance, complementing traditional scaling approaches based on training data size, model parameters, and training compute.
Duchy of Lithuania
The Duchy of Lithuania (Latin: Ducatus Lithuaniae; Lithuanian: Lietuvos kunigaikštystė) was a state-territorial formation of ethnic Lithuanians that existed from the 13th century to 1413. For most of its existence, it was a constituent part and a nucleus of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Other alternative names of the territorial formation, used in different periods, were Aukštaitija or Land of Lithuania (13th century), Duchy of Vilnius (14th – early 15th centuries), Lithuania proper, or simply Lithuania (in a narrow sense).

Aukštaitija
Aukštaitija (Lithuanian pronunciation: [ɐukʃˈtɐǐːtʲɪjɐ]; literally Highland or Upland) is the name of one of five ethnographic regions of Lithuania. The name comes from the fact that the lands are in the upper basin of the Nemunas, as opposed to the Lowlands that begin from Šiauliai westward. Although Kaunas is surrounded by Aukštaitija, the city itself is not considered to be a part of any ethnographic region in most cases.
Closer to the Heart
"Closer to the Heart" is a song by Canadian rock band Rush. It was released in November 1977 as the lead single from their fifth studio album A Farewell to Kings. It was the first Rush song to feature a non-member as a songwriter in Peter Talbot, a friend of drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. It was Rush's first hit single in the United Kingdom, reaching number 36 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1978. It also peaked at number 45 in Canada and number 76 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame on March 28, 2010.

Cash Box called it a "strong song" and said that it is "very like a Led Zeppelin number in terms of structure, timbres, and the role of the lead vocalist." Record World called it a "stately rocker with a strong vocal."

A live version of the song was released as a single in 1981 as the lead single from their live album, Exit...Stage Left; this version peaked at number 69 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame
The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame (Panthéon des Auteurs et Compositeurs canadiens) is a Canadian non-profit organization, founded in 1998 by Frank Davies, that inducts Canadians into their Hall of Fame within three different categories: songwriters, songs, and those others who have made a significant contribution with respect to music.
Sohan (confectionery)
Sohan (Persian: سوهان, romanized: Sôhân) is a traditional Persian saffron brittle toffee made in Iran. Its ingredients consist of wheat sprout, flour, egg yolks, rose water, sugar, butter or vegetable oil, saffron, cardamom, and slivers of almond and pistachio.

Germinated wheat
Germinated wheat (Persian: جوانه‌ گندم) or sprouted wheat, wheat sprout is a product of germinating wheat seeds in a wet and relatively warm environment in a process called sprouting. It is sometimes used instead of barley in the form of malt (early stage sprout) for making beer.

It is used in numerous Persian pastries, dishes, and desserts. Also, it has been used traditionally in the New Year celebration's Haft-Seen table decoration, in the form of Sabzeh (wheat grass), and a dessert called Samanu, as symbols of blessings from Ahura-Mazda. This custom has been observed by most of the people on Iranian Plateau and some of the populations in beyond (e.g. some parts of India, Yemen, Lebanon, Russia, and China) for thousands of years maybe as old as emerging of Zoroaster.

One of the confections called Sohan is made up of mainly wheat sprout flour. It is a traditional Persian saffron brittle toffee and made in the holy city of Qom.
San Francisco de Asís, Atotonilco El Alto
San Francisco de Asis is a town within the  municipality of the Atotonilco El Alto located in the southeastern part of the state of Jalisco in Mexico. It is named after the Italian  Saint Francis of Assisi. At the time of the census of 2005, the town had a population of 5,167 inhabitants. Its most distinctive features are the Fine Sanctuary of Our Lady of Los Altos and the fact that new tequila factories are located there. Its surrounding municipality of the same name had an area of 1,532.78 km² (591.81 sq mi) and a population in conjunction of Atotonilco el Alto of 126,625 in the 2005 census, but its territory has increased significantly since the beginning of 2005 with the creation of the new housing, churches, and schools.

Atotonilco El Alto
Atotonilco El Alto is a town and municipality, in Jalisco in Los Altos (Jalisco) region in central-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 510.9 km2.

Atotonilco (pronounced ah-toh-toh-NEAL-co) means "place of hot waters", in Náhuatl. "El Alto"("The High One") was later added in honor of those who died in the Cristero War in the early 1920s.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 51,798.
H. H. Bennett
Henry Hamilton Bennett (January 15, 1843 – January 1, 1908) was an American photographer famous for his pictures of the Dells of the Wisconsin River and surrounding region taken between 1865 and 1908. The popularity of his photographs helped turn the city of Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin into a tourist destination.

Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin
Wisconsin Dells (formerly Kilbourn) is a city in Columbia, Sauk, Adams and Juneau counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 2,942 at the 2020 census. The city takes its name from the Dells of the Wisconsin River, a scenic gorge that features sandstone formations along the banks of the Wisconsin River. It is a popular Midwestern tourist destination, home to several water parks and tourist attractions. Wisconsin Dells is about 42 miles (68 km) northwest of Madison, the state's capital city.
Belarusian State University Faculty of Biology
Faculty of Biology of the Belarusian State University was founded in 1931. It is a major biology research and teaching establishment in the country, which includes nine Departments and nine Research Laboratories. The Dean is Vadim Viktorovich Demidchyk, Docent, Doctor of Sciences

Belarusian State University
The Belarusian State University (BSU) (Belarusian: Белару́скі дзяржа́ўны ўніверсітэ́т, romanized: Biełaruski dziaržaŭny ŭniviersitet, Belarusian pronunciation: [bʲelaˈruskʲi d͡zʲarˈʒawnɨ wnʲivʲersʲiˈtɛt]; Russian: Белору́сский госуда́рственный университе́т) is a university in Minsk, Belarus. It was founded on October 30, 1921.
The High Deeds of Finn MacCool
The High Deeds of Finn Mac Cool is a children's novel by Rosemary Sutcliff and was first published in 1967.  It is a retelling of the stories of Fionn mac Cumhaill and the Fenian Cycle.  According to her own statements in the introduction, these stories are closer to Folklore and Fairytale, being timeless and contradictory, having organically grown from generations of storytellers; she contrasts them to the Ulster Cycle stories of Cuchulainn, which belong to the Heroic Epic, and compare with the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Rosemary Sutcliff
Rosemary Sutcliff CBE (14 December 1920 – 23 July 1992) was an English novelist best known for children's books, especially historical fiction and retellings of myths and legends. Although she was primarily a children's author, some of her novels were specifically written for adults. In a 1986 interview she said, "I would claim that my books are for children of all ages, from nine to ninety."

For her contribution as a children's writer Sutcliff was a runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1974.
The Beaverton
The Beaverton is a primarily online Canadian news satire publication, based in Toronto, Montreal and Whitehorse. It features news stories, editorials, vox populi and other formats (such as university reviews) whose structure and layout mirror those of conventional newspapers but whose content is contorted to make humorous commentary on Canadian and world issues. It has been compared to The Onion.

The publication was founded in 2010 by Queen's University alumni Luke Gordon Field, Alex Huntley and University of Toronto graduate Laurent Noonan (1982–2014).

News satire
News satire or news comedy is a type of parody presented in a format typical of mainstream journalism, and called a satire because of its content. News satire has been around almost as long as journalism itself, but it is particularly popular on the web, with websites like The Onion and The Babylon Bee, where it is relatively easy to mimic a legitimate news site. News satire relies heavily on irony and deadpan humor.

Two slightly different types of news satire exist. One form uses satirical commentary and sketch comedy to comment on real-world events, while the other presents wholly fictionalized news stories.
Chyhyryn Nuclear Power Plant
49°05′05″N 32°47′07″E﻿ / ﻿49.08472°N 32.78528°E﻿ / 49.08472; 32.78528
Chyhyryn Nuclear Power Station (Ukrainian: Чигиринська АЕС) is an unfinished nuclear power plant located to the east of Chyhyryn in Ukraine, on the territory adjacent to the Kremenchuk Reservoir shore, between the villages Stetsivka and Vitove.

Chyhyryn
Chyhyryn (Ukrainian: Чигирин [tʃɪɦɪˈrɪn] ⓘ; Polish: Czehryń [ˈt͡ʂɛxrɨɲ, ˈt͡ʂɛxrɨj̃]) is a city in Cherkasy Raion, Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. It is located on Tiasmyn river not far where it enters the Dnieper.

From 1648 to 1669, the city served as the residence of the hetman of the Zaporizhian Host. After a forced relocation of the Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan see from Kyiv in 1658, it became a full-fledged capital of the Cossack Hetmanate. Among Metropolitans who served out of Chyhyryn were Dionysius Balaban and Joseph Tukalskyi-Nelyubovych. Chyhyryn also became a traditional place for the appointment to the office of the hetman of the Zaporizhian Host.

Since the 17th century, the significance of the settlement has diminished to a semi-rural populated place. It hosts the administration of Chyhyryn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 8,539 (2022 estimate).
Rank and File (band)
Rank and File was an American country rock band established in 1981 in Austin, Texas by brothers Chip Kinman and Tony Kinman, who had been members of the seminal California punk rock band The Dils. The band were forerunners in combining the musical rawness and Do It Yourself punk aesthetic with the style and ambience of country and western music, helping to create a subgenre known as cowpunk. After releasing three albums, the band terminated in 1987.

Slash Records
Slash Records was an American record label originally specializing in local punk rock bands, active from 1978 to 2000. It was notable as one of the first and most successful independent record labels in alternative music, before its eventual acquisition by Warner Music Group.
Rainer Maria Latzke
Rainer Maria Latzke (born 28 December 1950) is a German artist working in the field of trompe-l'œil and mural painting. He taught at the Utah State University and is founder of the Institute of Frescography. Latzke is Honorary Professor of the Fudan University, Shanghai and Guest Professor of the Shanghai Institute of Visual Art 
. Latzke was ranked one of the 12 cultural trendsetters of the 1990s by Forbes and one of the world's best artists of the last four centuries by the Artists Trade Union of Russia. He is a cousin of  Poland´s wealthiest entrepreneur Jan Kulczyk.

Shanghai Institute of Visual Art
Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts (SIVA) (上海视觉艺术学院) is a public university in Songjiang District of Shanghai, China.

SIVA was established in September 2005 with the approval of the Ministry of Education. The school was founded as an art and design school with the efforts by Fudan University, Shanghai Media & Entertainment Group, Wenhui-Xinmin United Press Group, Shanghai Jingwen Investment Ltd., Shanghai Jingwen Properties Group, Shanghai Shenjiao Investment Co., Shanghai World Expo Group, Shanghai Cred Real Estate Stock Co., Emperor Entertainment Group Ltd, The 9 Ltd and Shanda Internet Development. The school had been loosely affiliated with Fudan University; in 2013, the school became a completely independent institute, and is no longer affiliated with Fudan University.
Desperate Decision
Desperate Decision (French: La jeune folle) is a 1952 French drama film directed by Yves Allégret and starring Danièle Delorme, Henri Vidal and Jean Debucourt. It was shot at the Joinville Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alexandre Trauner.

Yves Allégret
Yves Allégret (13 October 1905 – 31 January 1987) was a French film director, often working in the film noir genre. He was born in Asnières-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine and died in Paris.

He was an assistant to film directors such as his brother Marc Allégret, Augusto Genina, and Jean Renoir.