hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kučaj
Kučaj (Serbian: Кучај, pronounced [kûtʃaj]) is a mountain range in eastern Serbia. Its highest peak, Velika Tresta has an elevation of 1,284 meters above sea level. They belong to the Serbian extension of Carpathians, which separate the valleys of Great Morava and Timok.

Serbian Carpathians
Serbian Carpathians (Serbian: Српски Карпати / Srpski Karpati) is a mountain range in eastern Central Serbia, located in Central Europe. It presents an extension of proper Carpathian Mountains across the Danube, connecting them with the Balkan Mountains in the southeast. They stretch in north–south direction in eastern Serbia, east of the Great Morava valley and west of the White Timok Valley and north of the Nišava Valley. The mountains are 800–1500 m high, and dominated by karst limestone geologic features, the highest one being Rtanj Mountain (1,565 m).
Ape Escape
Ape Escape is a series of video games developed primarily by Japan Studio and published and owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The series incorporates ape-related humour, unique gameplay, and a wide variety of pop culture references. The first game in the series is the first to require the DualShock or Dual Analog controller to play.

Saru! Get You! SaruSaru Big Mission
Saru! Get You! SaruSaru Big Mission is a platform video game developed by h.a.n.d. and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable. A spin-off of the Ape Escape series, it was released only in Japan.
Sanford Lake
Sanford Lake was a man-made reservoir located in Midland County, Michigan, but is no longer present since the failure of the Sanford Dam in May 2020. It was formed by the damming of the Tittabawassee River near the village of Sanford, Michigan. It was built for flood control and the production of hydroelectric power. The dam is owned and operated by the Four Lakes Task Force, a property owners' group that was established by the Midland and Gladwin County boards of commissioners to oversee the dams and the impoundment lakes created by them, who took over ownership as a condition of the settlement agreement that resulted from the condemnation proceedings with former dam owner, Boyce Hydro, LLC.

Edenville Dam
Edenville Dam was an earthen embankment dam at the confluence of the Tittabawassee River and the Tobacco River in Mid Michigan, United States, forming Wixom Lake. The dam was about one mile (1.6 km) north of Edenville, mostly in the southeast corner of Tobacco Township in Gladwin County, with its southeastern end reaching into Edenville Township in Midland County. Its height was 54 feet (16 m), the length was 6,600 feet (2,000 m) at its crest.

The dam was built in 1924 for hydroelectric power and flood control. The dam was equipped with two 2.4 MW turbines capable of generating 4.8 MW of electricity in total.

In May 2020, following heavy rains, the Edenville Dam breached and the Sanford Dam downstream overflowed, which caused major flooding in Midland County, including the city of Midland.
Superfish
Superfish was an advertising company that developed various advertising-supported software products based on a visual search engine. The company was based in Palo Alto, California. It was founded in Israel in 2006 and has been regarded as part of the country's "Download Valley" cluster of adware companies. Superfish's software is malware and adware.  The software was bundled with various applications as early as 2010, and Lenovo began to bundle the software with some of its computers in September 2014.  On February 20, 2015, the United States Department of Homeland Security advised uninstalling it and its associated root certificate, because they make computers vulnerable to serious cyberattacks, including interception of passwords and sensitive data being transmitted through browsers.

Download Valley
Download Valley is a cluster of software companies in Israel, producing and delivering adware to be installed alongside downloads of other software.  The primary purpose is to monetize shareware and downloads. These software items are commonly browser toolbars, adware,  browser hijackers, spyware, and malware. Another group of products are download managers, possibly designed to induce or trick the user to install adware, when downloading a piece of desired software or mobile app from a certain source.

Although the term references Silicon Valley, it does not refer to a specific valley or any geographical area. Many of the companies are located in Tel Aviv and the surrounding region. It has been used by Israeli media as well as in other reports related to IT business.

Download managers from Download Valley companies have been used by major download portals and software hosts, including Download.com by CNET, Softonic.com and SourceForge.
Mexicana de Aviación (1921–2010)
Compañía Mexicana de Aviación S.A. de C.V., usually shortened to Mexicana de Aviación, was Mexico's oldest airline and one of the oldest continuously single-branded airlines, inaugurated in 1921. It was Mexico's biggest airline and flag carrier before ceasing operations on August 28, 2010, leaving competitor Aeroméxico as a de facto monopoly.

A revival airline is operated by SEDENA – the Mexican Ministry of Defense, as a state-owned airline. It began operations in December 2023 under the legal name Aerolínea del Estado Mexicano using the Mexicana brand.

Oneworld
Oneworld (CRS: *O, stylised as oneworld) is a global airline alliance consisting of 15 member airlines. It was founded on 1 February 1999. The alliance's stated objective is to be the first-choice airline alliance for the world's frequent international travellers. Its headquarters have been located in Fort Worth, Texas, since December 2022.

The alliance's current membership consists of Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Fiji Airways, Finnair, Iberia, Japan Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Oman Air, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Royal Air Maroc, Royal Jordanian and SriLankan Airlines.

As of March 2020, its member airlines collectively operate a fleet of 3,296 aircraft, serve about 1,000 airports in 170 countries, carrying over 490 million passengers per year on 13,000 plus daily departures. It is the third-largest global airline alliance in terms of passengers carried, behind SkyTeam (676 million in 2019) and Star Alliance (762 million in 2019).
Big Nose Kate
Mary Katherine Horony Cummings (November 7, 1849 – November 2, 1940), popularly known as Big Nose Kate, was a Hungarian-born American outlaw, gambler, prostitute and longtime companion and common-law wife of Old West gambler and gunfighter Doc Holliday. "Tough, stubborn and fearless", she was educated, but chose to work as a prostitute due to the independence it provided her. She is the only woman with whom Holliday is known to have had a relationship.

Arizona Pioneers' Home
The Arizona Pioneers' Home, also known as the Home for Arizona Pioneers and State Hospital for Disabled Miners, is a retirement home in Prescott, Arizona, established to provide housing for early Arizona pioneers. The home is operated and funded by the state of Arizona. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Washburn Island, Massachusetts
Washburn Island is a 330-acre (1.3 km2) island off the coast of East Falmouth, Massachusetts within Waquoit Bay. It is home to some primitive campsites and is part of the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. It is part of the Town of Falmouth, in Barnstable County in the village of Waquoit.

During World War II, the island was home to Camp Washburn.

Waquoit Bay
41°34′N 70°32′W﻿ / ﻿41.56°N 70.53°W﻿ / 41.56; -70.53﻿ (Waquoit Bay)

Waquoit Bay is a public national estuary, which is typically used as a research reserve. It is a part of Nantucket Sound and is located on the southern shore of Cape Cod in Massachusetts, USA. This bay forms the border of the towns of Falmouth and Mashpee, Massachusetts.

The name Waquoit comes from the Wampanoag word "Weeqayut" (Waquoit) meaning "Place of Light".
PBC Lokomotiv Kuban
PBC Lokomotiv Kuban (Russian: ПБК «Локомотив Кубань») is a Russian professional basketball team based in Krasnodar. It participates in the VTB United League.

Their honour list includes a EuroCup championship in the 2012–13 season, and two Russian Cup victories in 1999–00 and 2017–18.

Evgeniy Pashutin
Evgeniy Yuryevich Pashutin (Russian: Евгений Юрьевич Пашутин; born February 6, 1969) is a Russian professional basketball coach and former player. He is the current head coach of Parma Basket of the VTB United League.
Snåsa Municipality
Snåsa (Norwegian; pronounced [ˈsnòːsɑ]) or Snåase (Southern Sami); /ˈsnɔ̯ɑse/ is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Innherred region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Snåsa. Other villages include Agle and Jørstad.

The 2,343-square-kilometre (905 sq mi) municipality is the 23rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Snåsa Municipality is the 275th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,114 inhabitants. The municipality's population density is 0.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Snåsa is one of the last strongholds for the seriously endangered Southern Sami language.

Snåsa (village)
Snåsa (Norwegian) or Snåase (Southern Sami) is the administrative center of Snåsa Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is situated on the northern end of the lake of Snåsavatnet, just northeast of the village of Jørstad and southwest of the village of Agle.

The village grew up around the Viosen area on the shore of the lake. Today, much of the village is located further inland. The Nordlandsbanen railway line runs through the village, stopping at Snåsa Station. Snåsa Church, built in 1200, is also located in the village.

The 0.84-square-kilometre (210-acre) village has a population (2024) of 658 and a population density of 783 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,030/sq mi).
Hifumi Katō
Hifumi Katō (加藤 一二三, Katō Hifumi; January 1, 1940 – January 22, 2026) was a Japanese professional shogi player who achieved the rank of 9-dan. During his career, he won the  Meijin, Tenth Dan, Ōi, Kiō and Ōshō major titles. He also held the record for being the youngest to have been awarded regular professional status at age 14 years and 7 months until Sōta Fujii broke it at age 14 years and 2 months in 2016.

Since his given name is written using the kanji characters for the numbers "one","two" and "three", Katō was known to his fans by the nickname "Hifumin" (ひふみん).

Annual Shogi Awards
The Annual Shogi Awards (将棋大賞 shōgi taishō) are a number of prizes awarded yearly by the Japan Shogi Association to professional and amateur shogi players who have achieved particular success. The first Annual Shogi Awards were presented in 1974.
Stack Pierce
Robert Stack Pierce (June 15, 1933 – March 1, 2016) was an American actor, boxer and professional baseball player. His acting career began in the early 1970s with television roles in the series Arnie, Room 222, Mannix,  Mission Impossible and later as Jake, the alien commander in the 1980s science fiction series V. His film roles include Night Call Nurses, Hammer,  Cool Breeze, Low Blow and Weekend at Bernie's II.

Leo Fong
Leo Fong (Chinese: 馮天倫; 23 November 1928 – 18 February 2022) was a Chinese-American martial artist, actor, boxer, and Methodist minister who had been making films, acting, and directing since the early 1970s. Fong was still acting in action films right up until his early 90s. Some of his films, such as Killpoint and Low Blow, are considered cult classics.
Concord Friends Meetinghouse
Concord Friends Meetinghouse is a historic meeting house on Old Concord Road in Concordville, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The meeting was first organized sometime before 1697, as the sixth Quaker meeting in what was then Chester County.  In 1697 the meeting leased its current location for "one peppercorn yearly forever" from John Mendenhall. A log structure was built in 1710. The current brick edifice structure was built in 1728.  After a fire which completely destroyed the interior, the meetinghouse was rebuilt and enlarged in 1788.  During the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777, which was fought a few miles to the west, wounded American soldiers took refuge in the meetinghouse.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.  It is located in the Concordville Historic District.

Concordville, Pennsylvania
Concordville is an unincorporated community in Concord Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located 20 miles west-southwest of Philadelphia, at the junction of U.S. Routes 1 and 322.  This intersection can be traced back to two of the earliest roads in Pennsylvania, Baltimore Pike which became U.S. 1, and Concord Pike, which connected Pennsylvania with Delaware.

The first European settlement in the area took place circa 1700, after Quakers bought land from William Penn.  Two Friends Meetinghouses (formerly Orthodox and Hicksite) are located in the village. The Orthodox meetinghouse was built in the first half of the nineteenth century, while the Hicksites retained the original meetinghouse (built 1728, reconstructed and expanded 1788). The two factions have since merged and now meet in the original meetinghouse. Part of the village was added to the National Register in 1973. Glen Mills Schools, a juvenile residential facility, is near Concordville.
Lahae
Lahae is a suco in Aileu subdistrict, Aileu District, Timor-Leste. The administrative area covers an area of  13.64 square kilometres and at the time of the 2010 census it had a population of  1061 people.

Sucos of Timor-Leste
The administrative posts (formerly subdistricts) of Timor-Leste are subdivided into 461 sucos ("villages") and 2,336 aldeias ("communities"). Sucos have been part of the country's administrative system since the 20th century, under Portuguese, Japanese, Indonesian, and independent rule.: 280
Grímsey Airport
Grímsey Airport (Icelandic: Grímseyjarflugvöllur [ˈkrimsˌeiːjarˌflʏɣˌvœtlʏr̥]) (IATA: GRY, ICAO: BIGR) is an airport serving Grímsey, a small Icelandic island 40 kilometres (25 mi) off the north coast of the main island of Iceland.

Grímsey
Grímsey (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkrimsˌeiː] ⓘ) is a small Icelandic island, 40 kilometres (20 nautical miles) off the north coast of the main island of Iceland, where it straddles the Arctic Circle. Grímsey is also known for the puffins and other sea birds which visit the island for breeding.

The island is administratively part of the municipality of Akureyri on the mainland; before 2009 it constituted the rural municipality of Grímseyjarhreppur [ˈkrimsˌeiːjar̥ˌr̥ɛhpʏr̥]. The island's only settlement is Sandvík [ˈsantˌviːk]. In 2021 Grímsey had 57 inhabitants. The island is accessible by regular ferry and air passenger service.
Wabu High School
Wabu High School (also known as Wabu, or Wabu HS; Hangeul: 와부고등학교, 와부고; Hanja: 瓦阜高等學校) is a public college preparatory school located in Namyangju, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
It was the first public autonomy high school (Hangeul: 자율형 공립 고등학교) in South Korea.

Namyangju
Namyangju (Korean: 남양주; Korean pronunciation: [na.mjaŋ.dʑu]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. To the east is Gapyeong County, to the west is Guri, and to the north is Pocheon. Namyangju was originally a southern part of Yangju-gun, but was separated into Namyangju-gun in April 1980. In 1995, Migeum-si and Namyangju-gun were merged to form an urban and rural complex. The city hall is located in Geumgok-dong and Dasan-dong, and the administrative districts are 6-eup, 3-myeon, and 7-dong.
Davis Island (Palmer Archipelago)
Davis Island is an island about 3.7 km (2 nmi) long, situated in a position which blocks much of the channel between Brabant Island and Liège Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It is separated from Liège Island on the north by Zlogosh Passage, and from Albena Peninsula, Brabant Island on the south by Sumer Passage.

The island was photographed and roughly charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99. The naming, by J.B. Charcot, leader of the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, honors Walter G. Davis, director of the Argentine government meteorological office at the time of the French exploration.

Zlogosh Passage
Zlogosh Passage (Bulgarian: проток Злогош, ‘Protok Zlogosh’ \'pro-tok 'zlo-gosh\) is the 320 m wide passage in the Palmer Archipelago between Davis Island on the south and Chauveau Point, Liège Island on the north.  It connects Bouquet Bay and Gerlache Strait, another connection between the two being Sumer Passage.

The passage is named after the settlement of Zlogosh in Western Bulgaria.
Verner's law
Verner's law describes a historical sound change in the Proto-Germanic language whereby consonants that would usually have been the voiceless fricatives *f, *þ, *s, *h, *hʷ, following an unstressed syllable, became the voiced fricatives *β, *ð, *z, *ɣ, *ɣʷ. The law was formulated by Karl Verner, and first published in 1877.

Neogrammarian
The Neogrammarians (German: Junggrammatiker, pronounced [ˈjʊŋɡʁaˌmatɪkɐ] ⓘ, lit. 'young grammarians') were a German school of linguists, originally at the University of Leipzig, in the late 19th century who proposed the Neogrammarian hypothesis of the regularity of sound change.
Grovesia
Grovesia is a genus of fungi in the family Helotiaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Grovesia pulchella.

The genus name of Grovesia is in honour of James Walton Groves (1906-1970), who was a Canadian mycologist.

The genus was circumscribed by Richard William George Dennis in Kew Bull. vol.14 on page 444 in 1960.

Helotiaceae
The Helotiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Helotiales. The distribution of species in the family are widespread, and typically found in tropical areas. There are 117 genera and 826 species in the family.

A question mark after the genus name means that according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the placement of that genus in this family is uncertain.
Shilpa Tulaskar
Shilpa Tulaskar is an Indian actress who has acted in Marathi films and Hindi television shows.

She recently portrayed the role of Rajnandini in Zee Marathi's drama Tula Pahate Re and also the character of Sujata, mother of the male lead Atharva, in Jana Na Dil Se Door on Star Plus.

Byomkesh Bakshi (TV series)
Byomkesh Bakshi is a Hindi television series based on the fictional detective Byomkesh Bakshi character created by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. The series stars Rajit Kapur and K. K. Raina as Byomkesh Bakshi and Ajit Kumar Banerjee respectively. It features music and background score from Ananda Shankar. Upon release it became critically acclaimed. It was re-telecast on DD National in 2020 during the COVID-19 Lockdown.
Wolverton and Stony Stratford Tramway
The Wolverton and Stony Stratford Tramway was a narrow gauge street tramway connecting Wolverton railway station and the Wolverton Works of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) with Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire. Although its financial situation was always precarious, except for a period of just under two years between 1889 and 1891, the line was in continuous operation from 1887 to 1926. Between May 1888 to December 1889, an extension also ran from Stony Stratford to Deanshanger in Northamptonshire, via Old Stratford. Unusually for a British street tramway, it was worked entirely by steam locomotives, and was the last of its type to remain in operation.

Wolverton railway station
Wolverton railway station serves Wolverton, a constituent town of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The station is on the West Coast Main Line, about 52 miles (84 km) from Euston, between Milton Keynes Central and Northampton. The station is one of the seven stations serving the Milton Keynes urban area.

The station has four platforms, of which just two (3 and 4) are normally in use. The station serves the northern areas of Milton Keynes (including Wolverton itself, the nearby town of Stony Stratford and the village of New Bradwell) as well as the nearby villages in West Northamptonshire.
Saint-Cierges
Saint-Cierges is a former municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  Its name refers to Saint Cyriacus, who is the town's patron saint.  The municipalities of Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges, Thierrens and Chanéaz merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Montanaire.

Martherenges
Martherenges (French pronunciation: [maʁtəʁɑ̃ʒ]) is a former municipality in the district Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges, Thierrens and Chanéaz merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Montanaire.
Norfolk Regiment of Canada
The Norfolk Regiment of Canada was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First raised in the 1860’s as The Norfolk Rifles, the regiment was converted to a Line Regiment in 1928. In 1936, the regiment was converted from infantry to artillery and now forms part of the 56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA.

56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA
The 56th Field Artillery Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery is a Canadian Army Reserve artillery regiment. The regiment's headquarters is in Brantford, Ontario, with batteries in St. Catherines and Simcoe. The regiment is currently part of 4th Canadian Division's 32 Canadian Brigade Group.
Malaysian Expressway System
The Malaysian Expressway System (Malay: Sistem Lebuh Raya Ekspres Malaysia; Chinese: 马来西亚高速公路系统) is a network of national controlled-access expressways in Malaysia that forms the primary backbone network of Malaysian national highways. The network began with opening of the Tanjung Malim–Slim River tolled road (part of Federal Route 1) which was opened to traffic on 16 March 1966, followed by the construction of the North–South Expressway (NSE). The system continues to be substantially developed. Malaysian toll road-expressways are built by private companies under the supervision of the government highway authority, Malaysian Highway Authority (abbreviated as MHA; also referred to as Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia (LLM) in Malay). While toll-free expressways are built by Malaysian Public Works Department or Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR) in Malay.

Malaysian Public Works Department
The Malaysian Public Works Department (PWD; Malay: Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia; Chinese: 马来西亚公共工程局; Jawi: جابتن كرجا راي مليسيا‎; officially abbreviated as JKR)  is the federal government department in Malaysia under Ministry of Works (MOW) which is responsible for construction and maintenance of public infrastructure in West Malaysia and Labuan. In Sabah and Sarawak, a  separate entity of Public Works Department exists under the two respective states government jurisdiction but both departments are also subordinate to the parent department at the same time.
Asse (Samtgemeinde)
Asse is a former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Wolfenbüttel, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km southeast of Wolfenbüttel. On 1 January 2015 it merged with the Samtgemeinde Schöppenstedt to form the new Samtgemeinde Elm-Asse.

It is named after the Asse, a small chain of hills in the municipality. Its seat was in the village Remlingen.

Asse (hills)
The Asse (German pronunciation: [ˈasə] ⓘ) is a small hill range in the district of Wolfenbüttel in southeastern Lower Saxony with a median height of 200 metres ASL; the highest elevation is the Remlinger Herse with a height of 234 m. There are more than 600 different plants found here; the Asse is mostly covered by trees. It has been inhabited since the 6th millennium BC by farmers coming from the Danube region.

For several hundred years, salt has been mined in Asse. One of these mines, Schacht Asse II, is now used to store low- and medium-grade radioactive waste produced by medicine and nuclear power plants.