hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
General-purpose modeling
General-purpose modeling (GPM) is the systematic use of a general-purpose modeling language to represent the various facets of an object or a system. Examples of GPM languages are:

The Unified Modeling Language (UML), an industry standard for modeling software-intensive systems

EXPRESS, a data modeling language for product data, standardized as ISO 10303-11

IDEF, a group of languages from the 1970s that aimed to be neutral, generic and reusable

Gellish, an industry standard natural language oriented modeling language for storage and exchange of data and knowledge, published in 2005

XML, a data modeling language now beginning to be used to model code (MetaL, Microsoft .Net )

GPM languages are in contrast with domain-specific modeling languages (DSMs).

EXPRESS (data modeling language)
EXPRESS is a standard for generic data modeling language for product data. EXPRESS is formalized in the ISO Standard for the Exchange of Product model STEP (ISO 10303), and standardized as ISO 10303-11.
Pacheco Creek (San Benito County)
Pacheco Creek is a 28 miles (45 km) west by southwest flowing stream which heads in the Diablo Range in southeastern Santa Clara County and flows to San Felipe Lake, the beginning of the Pajaro River mainstem, in San Benito County, California.

California State Route 152
State Route 152 (SR 152) is a state highway that runs from east to west near the middle of the U.S. state of California from State Route 1 in Watsonville to State Route 99 southeast of Merced. Its western portion (which is also known as Pacheco Pass Road and Pacheco Pass Highway) provides access to and from Interstate 5 toward Southern California for motorists in or near Gilroy and San Jose.
Ronnie Raymond
Ronald Roy "Ronnie" Raymond is a character appearing in comics published by DC Comics. He is one of several characters called Firestorm and is normally fused together with Martin Stein or Jason Rusch. He first appeared in Firestorm the Nuclear Man #1 (March 1978), and was created by writer Gerry Conway and artist Al Milgrom.

Ronnie Raymond has made several appearances in DC-related media, such as The Flash, in which he is portrayed by Robbie Amell. Additionally, Mark L. Taylor, Bill Fagerbakke, and P. J. Byrne have voiced the character in animation.

Shadow Thief
Shadow Thief is the name of three supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The first is a recurring foe of Hawkman named Carl Sands. The second Shadow Thief is an African-American named Carl Hammer who wore a shadow suit. The third Shadow Thief is Aviva Metula

Shadow Thief appeared in the seventh season episode of the Arrowverse television series Arrow, portrayed by Carmel Amit.
Belyovsky Uyezd
Belyovsky Uyezd (Белёвский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Tula Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Belyov.

Tula Governorate
Tula Governorate (Russian: Тульская губерния, romanized: Tul'skaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. The governate existed from 1796 to 1929; its seat was in the city of Tula. It was divided into 12 districts. The main towns were Alexin, Bogoroditsk, Byelev, Chern, Epifan, Efremov, Kashira, Krapivna, Novosil, Odoyev, Tula, and Venev.
Sundance, Wyoming
Sundance (Lakota: Owíwaŋyaŋg Wačhí; "Sun-watching Dance") is a town in and the county seat of Crook County, Wyoming, United States. Its population was 1,032 at the 2020 census.  The town is named after the Sun Dance ceremony practiced by several American Indian tribes.

Sundance Kid
Harry Alonzo Longabaugh (May 24, 1867 – November 7, 1908), better known as the Sundance Kid, was an outlaw and member of Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch in the American Old West. He likely met Butch Cassidy (real name Robert LeRoy Parker) during a hunting trip in 1883 or earlier. The gang performed the longest string of successful train and bank robberies in American history.

Longabaugh fled the United States along with his consort Etta Place and Butch Cassidy to escape the dogged pursuit of the Pinkerton Detective Agency. The trio fled first to Argentina and then to Bolivia, where most historians believe Parker (Cassidy) and Longabaugh were killed in a shootout in November 1908.
Ler, Norway
Ler or Flå is a village in Melhus Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Gaula River between the villages of Kvål and Lundamo.

The 0.46-square-kilometre (110-acre) village has a population (2024) of 742 and a population density of 1,613 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,180/sq mi).

Ler Station is located in the village along the Dovre Line, and it is served by commuter trains on Trønderbanen. European route E6 also runs through the village. The best-known resident of the village is former prime minister Per Borten. The sports club Flå IL is based in the village.

Flå IL
Flå Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from Flå in Melhus Municipality in Trøndelag county. It has sections for association football, team handball and Nordic skiing.

It was founded on 14 July 1947 as a merger of IL Urd (founded 1894) and the workers' sports club AIL Frigg. Since 1953 it has lost sections for track and field and orienteering.

The men's football team played in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football in 1992 and from 2002 to 2008. In 2016 Flå IL, Lundamo IL and Hovin IL established a new football club, Gauldal FK.
Red Book (album)
Red Book is the seventh album from Scottish rock band Texas. It was released on 7 November 2005 and is named after the little red book that singer Sharleen Spiteri used to write the album songs. The album yielded two UK Top Ten singles, "Getaway" and "Sleep" and the UK Top 20 single, "Can't Resist". Four of the album's tracks were co-written with Brian Higgins of Xenomania — "Can't Resist", "Cry", "Get Down Tonight" and "Bad Weather".

It peaked within the top ten of the national albums charts in their native Scotland, as well as in France and Switzerland. Red Book was the group's last studio album before their hiatus which they embarked on after the Red Book tour. Lead singer Spiteri would go on to release her debut solo album, Melody in 2008.

Melody (Sharleen Spiteri album)
Melody is the debut solo album by Scottish singer Sharleen Spiteri, lead singer of the band Texas. It was released on 14 July 2008 and was preceded by the release of its lead single "All the Times I Cried", which was released on 7 July 2008. The album is heavily influenced by 1960s era style music, and draws influences from Nancy Sinatra and Johnny Cash. Despite being considered a risky genre to launch her solo career,  the album was a commercial success, debuting at number two on the albums charts in her native Scotland, number three in the United Kingdom and reaching the top twenty in France, Belgium and Ireland.

It was supported by the release of a further two singles – "Stop, I Don't Love You Anymore" and "It Was You", and was eventually certified Gold in the United Kingdom for sales in excess of 100,000 copies. It became the 87th best selling album of 2008 in the United Kingdom.
Philippe Antoine d'Ornano
Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, Comte d'Ornano (French pronunciation: [filip ɑ̃twan dɔʁnano]; 17 January 1784 – 13 October 1863) was a French soldier and politician who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was made a Marshal of France in 1861.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Mezzalama Trophy
The Mezzalama Trophy (Italian: Trofeo Mezzalama, French: Trophée Mezzalama, a.k.a. white marathon) is an Italian high altitude ski mountaineering competition in upper Valtournenche and Ayas valleys, in Aosta Valley.

The Mezzalama Trophy, which belongs to the "big three of ski mountaineering" (French: les grandes trois de ski de montagne) besides the two other best-known and classical ski mountaineering events, the Patrouille des Glaciers and the Pierra Menta, is the highest alpine ski mountaineering competition of the world. The event in the Monte Rosa's massif was named in honor of the mountain guide Ottorino Mezzalama.

The Mezzalama Trophy is a stage of La Grande Course that includes the most important ski mountaineering competitions of the season.

La Grande Course
La Grande Course is an international competition of ski mountaineering in stages. It includes the most important competitions of the season for teams of two or three competitors.

As of 2015 the senior events of La Grande Course represented a total length of 355 km and 38 km in altitude, but not all events are run every year. There are also six races on specific trails aimed at the cadet (15-16-17 years) and junior categories (18-19-20 years) that compete in teams of two.

Starting in the 2014/15 ski mountaineering season the La Grande Course events are integrated into the International Ski Mountaineering Federation (ISMF) competition calendar, as the Long Distance Team events for the ISMF World Cup.
FreeCreditScore.com
FreeCreditScore.com, FreeCreditReport.com and Credit.com are websites owned by Experian Consumer Direct, a subsidiary of the credit bureau Experian. The sites offer users their personal credit reports from Experian on the condition that they sign up for Experian's Triple Advantage credit monitoring program for a fee. The credit report also comes with the user's PLUS credit score. The membership may be canceled with no charge within 7 days of signup by contacting the call center.

AnnualCreditReport.com
AnnualCreditReport.com is a website jointly operated by the three major U.S. credit reporting agencies, Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. The site was created in order to comply with their obligations under the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT Act or FACTA) to provide a mechanism for American consumers to receive up to three free credit reports per year.
The Road to Hong Kong
The Road to Hong Kong is a 1962 British semi-musical comedy film directed by Norman Panama and starring Bing Crosby and Bob Hope, as well as Joan Collins, with an extended cameo featuring Dorothy Lamour in the setting of Hong Kong under British Rule. This was the seventh and final installment in the Road to ... series and the only one made without the involvement of Paramount Pictures, though references to the others in the series are made in the film and shown in Maurice Binder's opening title sequence.

Road to ...
Road to ... is a series of seven comedy films starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, and Dorothy Lamour. They are also often referred to as the "Road" pictures or the "Road" series.  The movies were a combination of adventure, comedy, romance, and music. The minimal plot often took a back seat to gags, which appeared improvised but were usually scripted.
Masood Khan
Masood Khan (Urdu: مسعود خان) is a retired Pakistani-Kashmiri diplomat who served as Pakistan's Ambassador to the United States. Khan also served as the 27th President of Azad Kashmir. Khan joined the Foreign Service of Pakistan in 1980. From August 2003 to March 2005, he served as the Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Pakistan’s Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations and International Organisations in Geneva, Switzerland, from 2005 to 2008,  Pakistan's Ambassador to China between September 2008 and September 2012 and as Pakistan's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, New York,  between 11 October 2012 and 7 February 2015.

He served as the Director General of Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad between February 2015 and 4 August 2016.

Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations
The Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations (Urdu: اقوام متحدہ میں پاکستان کا مستقل مندوب) is Pakistan's diplomatic representative to the United Nations (UN). The permanent Representative (UN ambassador) is the head of Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations in New York, there is another Pakistani Mission based at the United Nations Office at Geneva, Switzerland.

The mission is usually headed by a career foreign service officer, but has historically been led by an eminent personalities from business, media, law and other areas and are usually political appointees. The current holder of the position is Asim Iftikhar Ahmed; prominent previous holders include Munir Akram, Dr. Maleeha Lodhi, Masood Khan and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is any member of a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple fused aromatic rings. Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter—by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires. The simplest representative is naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. PAHs are uncharged, non-polar and planar. Many are colorless. Many of them are also found in fossil fuel deposits such as coal and in petroleum. Exposure to PAHs can lead to different types of cancer, to fetal development complications, and to cardiovascular issues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life.

Star formation
Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions"—collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products.  It is closely related to planet formation, another branch of astronomy.  Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a group of stars referred to as star clusters or stellar associations.
Zero Hour (Avengers album)
Zero Hour is a live album by the Avengers. It was released on a vinyl in 2003 on the Italian label DBK Works. The album features a recording of the band's final concert that took place at the Old Waldorf, San Francisco, CA on June 13, 1979. The same concert was released a year later on the compilation album The American in Me.

The American in Me (Avengers album)
The American in Me is a compilation album by the Avengers. It was released on April 20, 2004, on DBK Works. The album is composed of four studio recordings from 1978 and a live concert recorded at the Old Waldorf in San Francisco, CA on June 13, 1979. The concert was previously released on Zero Hour one year earlier.

PopMatters noted, "This release collects unearthed studio work, including alternate takes of the Steve Jones sessions, and a crystal clear live show at the Old Waldorf in ’79, when the band were three shows away from their end."
Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway
The Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway is a 27 km long main line railway in Germany, originally built by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company, connecting Düsseldorf and Elberfeld (now Wuppertal) via Erkrath, Hochdahl and Vohwinkel.  It is served by Regional Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains.

Hochdahl station
Hochdahl station is a through station in the district of Hochdahl of the town of Erkrath in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has two platform tracks and it is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.
Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem
The Cramer–Shoup system is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm, and was the first efficient scheme proven to be secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack using standard cryptographic assumptions. Its security is based on the computational intractability (widely assumed, but not proved) of the decisional Diffie–Hellman assumption. Developed by Ronald Cramer and Victor Shoup in 1998, it is an extension of the ElGamal cryptosystem.  In contrast to ElGamal, which is extremely malleable, Cramer–Shoup adds other elements to ensure non-malleability even against a resourceful attacker.  This non-malleability is achieved through the use of a universal one-way hash function and additional computations, resulting in a ciphertext which is twice as large as in ElGamal.

ElGamal encryption
In cryptography, the ElGamal encryption system is a public-key encryption algorithm based on the Diffie–Hellman key exchange. It was described by Taher Elgamal in 1985. ElGamal encryption is used in the free GNU Privacy Guard software, recent versions of PGP, and other cryptosystems. The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a variant of the ElGamal signature scheme, which should not be confused with ElGamal encryption.

ElGamal encryption can be defined over any cyclic group , like multiplicative group of integers modulo n if and only if n is 1, 2, 4, pk or 2pk, where p is an odd prime and k > 0. Its security depends upon the difficulty of the Decisional Diffie Hellman Problem in .
Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
The Ashkali (Serbian: Ашкалије / Aškalije), otherwise known as Hashkali (Serbian: Хашкалије / Haškalije) and/or Balkan Egyptians (Serbian: Балкански Египћани / Balkanski Egipćani; Albanian: Komuniteti i Egjiptianëve të Ballkanit; Macedonian: Ѓупци, romanized: Ǵupci), are Albanian-speaking Muslim ethnic cultural minorities (recognized communities), which mainly inhabit Kosovo and southern Serbia, as well as Albania, Montenegro, and North Macedonia. Prior to the Kosovo War of 1999, the Balkan Egyptians or Ashkali people registered themselves as Albanians. While some Ashkali speak Romani, Egyptians do not. The two groups are not clearly delineated. Though they differ linguistically and culturally from the Roma, they have often been grouped together under the acronym RAE (Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians).

Romani people in Kosovo
Romani people in Kosovo (Albanian: Romët në Kosovë) are part of the wider Romani people community, the biggest minority group in Europe. Kosovo Roma speak the Balkan Romani language in most cases, but also the languages that surround them, such as Serbian and Albanian. In 2011 there were 36,694 Romani, Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians living in Kosovo. However, the minorities are unrelated to each other and were only put together based on  appearance.

Many Romani were targeted by the Kosovo Liberation Army along with Serbs during the Kosovo War as they were considered to be allied with Serbs and Serbian national interests. Romani in Kosovo are much depleted from their former numbers, and have been in both stationary and nomadic residence there since the 15th century. The Kosovo Liberation Army were reported to have expelled 50,000 Romani from Kosovo, forcing them to take refuge in central Serbia, but many of them have since returned to Kosovo.
Lyublino District
Lyublino (Russian: Люблино) is a district of South-Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: 165,759 (2010 Census); 152,100 (2002 Census). The district's area is 17.41 square kilometers (6.72 sq mi), making it the ninth biggest district in Moscow.

South-Eastern Administrative Okrug
South-Eastern Administrative Okrug (Russian: Ю́го-Восто́чный администрати́вный о́круг, romanized: Yugo-Vostochny administrativny okrug), or Yugo-Vostochny Administrative Okrug, is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions (administrative okrugs) of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,318,885, up from 1,109,121 recorded during the 2002 Census.
Savala (river)
The Savala (Russian: Савала) is a river in the Tambov and Voronezh oblasts of Russia. It is a right tributary of the Khopyor (a tributary of the Don). The Savala is 285 kilometres (177 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 7,720 square kilometres (2,980 sq mi). It flows over the southern part of the Oka–Don Lowland. Its main tributary is the Yelan. Most of the river's waters are from melting snow. Its average discharge is 20 cubic metres per second (710 cu ft/s). It freezes over in late November, and stays icebound until the spring thaw starts in late March or early April. The town of Zherdevka is along the banks of the Savala.

Yelan (river)
The Yelan (Russian: Елань) is a river in Voronezh Oblast of Russia. It is a right tributary of the Savala (in the drainage basin of the Don). The Yelan is 165 kilometres (103 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 3,630 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi). It flows over the southern part of the Oka–Don Plain. Most of the rivers waters are from melting snow. Its average discharge 26 kilometres (16 mi) from its mouth is 6.8 cubic metres per second (240 cu ft/s).
Starbuck Island
Starbuck Island (or Volunteer Island) is an uninhabited coral island in the central Pacific, and is part of the Central Line Islands of Kiribati. Its former names include "Barren Island", "Coral Queen Island", "Hero Island", "Low Island", and "Starve Island".

Starbuck (whaling family)
The Starbuck family were prominent in the history of whaling in the Hawaiian Islands, based in Nantucket, Massachusetts, from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Some members of the family gained wider exposure due to their discovery of various islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Conestoga River
The Conestoga River (Pennsylvania German: Kanneschtooge Rewwer), also referred to as Conestoga Creek (Pennsylvania German: Kanneschtooge Grick), is a 61.6-mile-long (99.1 km) tributary of the Susquehanna River flowing through the center of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Executive Council of Kano State
The Kano State Executive Council (also known as, the Cabinet of Kano State) is the highest formal governmental body that plays important roles in the Government of Kano State headed by the Governor of Kano State. It consists of the Deputy Governor, Secretary to the State Government, Chief of Staff, Commissioners who preside over ministerial departments, and (with the consent of the legislative arm of the government) the Governor's special aides.

Kano State Government
Kano State Government is the government of Kano State, concerned with the administration of the state ministries.
The government consists of the executive, legislative and Judiciary.
The government is headed by the Governor who is the policy-maker and often assisted by the Commissioners and other civil servants of the state.