hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Pennsylvania Glee Club
Founded in 1862, the University of Pennsylvania Glee Club (Penn Glee Club) is one of the oldest continually running glee clubs in the United States and the oldest performing arts group at the University of Pennsylvania. The Club draws its singing members from the undergraduate and graduate populations of the University of Pennsylvania; individuals from the Penn community are also called upon to fill roles in the band and technical staff when the Club puts on theatrical productions. The club, known for its eclectic mix of Penn standards, Broadway classics, classical favorites, and pop hits, has traveled to over 40 countries and territories on five continents. On April 9, 2021, the Penn Glee Club began accepting singers of all genders. The Glee Club's current music director is Sam Scheibe.

Bruce Montgomery (musical director)
Bruce Eglinton Montgomery (June 20, 1927 – June 21, 2008) was an American composer, author, musical theater performer and painter; and a conductor and director, particularly of the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas.

"Monty", as he was known around the Philadelphia performing community, was perhaps best known for his long tenure as director of musical activities at the University of Pennsylvania, as Artistic Director for the Gilbert & Sullivan Players of Philadelphia for 32 years, and as the director of the Gilbert & Sullivan Society of Chester County.
Yulee, Florida
Yulee is a census-designated place (CDP) located within Nassau County, Florida, in the United States. Its population at the 2020 United States Census was 14,195, up from 11,491 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jacksonville metropolitan statistical area. Yulee is a residential bedroom community for individuals commuting to Jacksonville, Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, and various locations in Southeast Georgia.

Yulee is located within a 15-mile radius of Amelia Island, Jacksonville International Airport, Florida State College at Jacksonville's Nassau Center, White Oak Conservation, Florida Fish and Nassau Wildlife Management Area, Four Creeks State Forest, Yulee Branch Library, Nassau County Sheriff's Office Headquarters, and the Florida Welcome Center situated along Interstate 95 in Florida. The Yulee CDP is provided regional services by the Jacksonville Transportation Authority.

Nassau County School District
Nassau County School District (NCSD) is a school district headquartered in Fernandina Beach, Florida. It serves all of Nassau County. The district serves five geographic areas: Fernandina, Bryceville, Callahan, Hilliard, and Yulee.
Islamic Association of China
The Islamic Association of China (simplified Chinese: 中国伊斯兰教协会; traditional Chinese: 中國伊斯蘭教協會; pinyin: Zhōngguó Yīsīlánjiào Xiéhuì; Uyghur: جۇڭگو ئىسلام دىنى جەمئىيىتى) is the official government supervisory organ for Islam in the People's Republic of China. The association is controlled by the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) following the State Administration for Religious Affairs' absorption into the United Front Work Department in 2018.

In international relations, the Islamic Association of China is a major official interlocutor for China with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.: 79

National Religious Affairs Administration
The National Religious Affairs Administration (NRAA), formerly the State Administration for Religious Affairs (SARA), is an external name of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Formerly, SARA was an executive agency directly under the State Council of the People's Republic of China which oversaw religious affairs in the country. In 2018, during a series of institutional reforms, the agency and its functions were merged into the United Front Work Department. The names of the former agency were retained by the United Front Work Department as external names under the system called "one institution with two names".
Preferential attachment
A preferential attachment process is any of a class of processes in which some quantity, typically some form of wealth or credit, is distributed among a number of individuals or objects according to how much they already have, so that those who are already wealthy receive more than those who are not.

"Preferential attachment" is only the most recent of many names that have been given to such processes.  They are also referred to under the names Yule process, cumulative advantage, the rich get richer, and the Matthew effect. They are also related to Gibrat's law.

The principal reason for scientific interest in preferential attachment is that it can, under suitable circumstances, generate power law distributions. If preferential attachment is non-linear, measured distributions may deviate from a power law. These mechanisms may generate distributions which are approximately power law over transient periods.

The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
"The rich get richer and the poor get poorer" is an aphorism attributed to Percy Bysshe Shelley. In A Defence of Poetry (1821, not published until 1840) Shelley remarked that the promoters of utility had exemplified the saying, "To him that hath, more shall be given; and from him that hath not, the little that he hath shall be taken away. The rich have become richer, and the poor have become poorer; and the vessel of the State is driven between the Scylla and Charybdis of anarchy and despotism." It describes a positive feedback loop (a corresponding negative feedback loop would be e.g. progressive tax).

"To him that hath" etc. is a reference to Matthew 25:29 (the parable of the talents, see also Matthew effect). The aphorism is commonly evoked, with variations in wording, as a synopsis of the effect of free market capitalism producing excessive inequality.
Phil Walters
Philip F. Walters (April 20, 1916 – February 6, 2000) was an American racing driver, who won both the 12 Hours of Sebring and Watkins Glen Grand Prix twice.

Walters was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2024.

B. S. Cunningham Company
The B. S. Cunningham Company was an American automobile company established by Briggs Cunningham. It produced six different models in very small numbers, primarily to be raced at the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Puerto Rico Highway 803
Puerto Rico Highway 803 (PR-803) is a north–south road that travels from eastern Corozal to southwestern Naranjito in Puerto Rico. With a length of 10.2 km (6.3 mi), it begins at PR-164 in Palmarejo barrio and ends at its junction with PR-152 and PR-802 in Cedro Arriba barrio.

Puerto Rico Highway 152
Puerto Rico Highway 152 (PR-152) is a rural road that travels from Barranquitas to Naranjito in central Puerto Rico. This road extends from PR-156 in downtown Barranquitas and ends at its junction with PR-5 and PR-164 near downtown Naranjito.
Princeville, North Carolina
Princeville is a town in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, United States established by freed slaves after the Civil War. It was established in 1865 and known as Freedom Hill. It was incorporated in 1885 as Princeville, the first independently governed African American community chartered in the United States.

Princeville is part of the Rocky Mount, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 1,254 residents. The town is on the opposite bank of the Tar River from Tarboro. The city of Rocky Mount is 16 miles (26 km) to the west.

Rocky Mount metropolitan area
The Rocky Mount, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties – Edgecombe and Nash – in eastern North Carolina, anchored by the city of Rocky Mount. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 152,392. It is commonly referred to as the Twin Counties.
Fine-structure constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.

It is a dimensionless quantity (dimensionless physical constant), independent of the system of units used, which is related to the strength of the coupling of an elementary charge e with the electromagnetic field, by the formula . Its numerical value is approximately 0.0072973525643 ≈ 137.035999177-1, with a relative uncertainty of 1.6×10−10.

The constant was named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 when extending the Bohr model of the atom.  quantified the gap in the fine structure of the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, which had been measured precisely by Michelson and Morley in 1887.

Why the constant should have this value is not understood, but there are a number of ways to measure its value.

Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
In quantum electrodynamics, the anomalous magnetic moment of a particle is a contribution of effects of quantum mechanics, expressed by Feynman diagrams with loops, to the magnetic moment of that particle. The magnetic moment, also called magnetic dipole moment, is a measure of the strength of a magnetic source.

The "Dirac" magnetic moment, corresponding to tree-level Feynman diagrams (which can be thought of as the classical result), can be calculated from the Dirac equation. It is usually expressed in terms of the g-factor; the Dirac equation predicts . For particles such as the electron, this classical result differs from the observed value by a small fraction of a percent. The difference is the anomalous magnetic moment, denoted  and defined as

(the magnitude of  is used in the calculation since the g-factor is, in fact, negative).
Christian Religious Welfare Trust
Christian Religious Welfare Trust is a government-owned trust operating under the 
Ministry of Religious Affairs of Bangladesh. It works for the welfare and socio-religious development of the Christian community by supporting the maintenance and development of Christian religious institutions and promoting religious, educational, and social activities. The trust is headquartered in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Ministry of Religious Affairs (Bangladesh)
The Ministry of Religious Affairs (Bengali: ধর্ম বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Dhôrmô Biṣaẏak Montronaloy; abbreviated as MoRA) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for overseeing religious affairs, managing religious institutions and events, coordinating Hajj operations, and supporting the welfare, development, and administration of various religious communities and Waqf properties.
Array DBMS
An array database management system or array DBMS provides database services specifically for arrays (also called raster data), that is: homogeneous collections of data items (often called pixels, voxels, etc.), sitting on a regular grid of one, two, or more dimensions. Often arrays are used to represent sensor, simulation, image, or statistics data. Such arrays tend to be Big Data, with single objects frequently ranging into Terabyte and soon Petabyte sizes; for example, today's earth and space observation archives typically grow by Terabytes a day. Array databases aim at offering flexible, scalable storage and retrieval on this information category.

MonetDB
MonetDB is an open-source column-oriented relational database management system (RDBMS) originally developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands.
It is designed to provide high performance on complex SQL queries against large databases, such as combining tables with hundreds of columns and billions of rows.
MonetDB has been applied in high-performance applications for online analytical processing, data mining, geographic information system (GIS), Resource Description Framework (RDF), text retrieval and sequence alignment processing.
Paopi 23
Paopi 22 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 24

The twenty-third day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 20, of the Julian calendar, and November 2, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.

Paopi 24
Paopi 23 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 25

The twenty-fourth day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 21, of the Julian calendar, and November 3, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.
Toodyay Historical Society
The Toodyay Historical Society started in Toodyay as the Toodyay Society in 1980 in conjunction with the Toodyay Tourist Centre.  The first annual general meeting was held at the Country Women's Association hall on Stirling Terrace in April 1981.

The society had annual "Craft in Action" days, "Newcastle Balls", and was involved in the preservation of Donegans Cottage.  In 1992 the Society became affiliated with the Royal Western Australian Historical Society.

In 1994 the Toodyay Society became the Toodyay Historical Society, and Rica Erickson became patron.

As well as its own newsletter Duidgeeana, the society has also published a chronology of Toodyay, entitled The long Toodyay chronology: events in Toodyay's history, and a commemorative booklet on its own history.

Royal Western Australian Historical Society
Royal Western Australian Historical Society has for many decades been the main association for Western Australians to collectively work for adequate understanding and protection of the cultural heritage of Perth and Western Australia.
Puerto Rico Highway 133
Puerto Rico Highway 133 (PR-133) is a major access road in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The road is 1.2 miles long and consists of three segments called (moving eastward) "Calle Comercio" (a.k.a. "Calle Francisco Parra Duperón"), "Avenida Cuatro Calles", and "Avenida Ednita Nazario".  The road has both of its endpoints, as well as its entire length, within the Ponce city limits. It runs west to east. The road is a main access road from downtown Ponce to PR-1, providing access to Guayama and all other points in the eastern portion of the Puerto Rico, and to PR-52, which provides expressway access to San Juan.

Parque de la Ceiba
Parque de la Ceiba (English: Ceiba Tree Park) is a passive park in sector Cuatro Calles of barrio San Antón, Ponce, Puerto Rico. Its centerpiece is the historic Ceiba pentandra, a tree associated with the founding of the city. Now surrounded by the park with the same name, the emblematic 500-year-old Ceiba tree stands on the edge of the Ponce Historic Zone. The park opened in 1984, under the administration of Mayor Jose Dapena Thompson. A sign on the fence that surrounds the tree identifies its species as Ceiba pentandra.
Billeaud House
The Billeaud House is a historic house located at 303 West Main Street in Broussard, Louisiana.

Built in c.1907 by Charles Billeaud, the house is a Queen Anne-Colonial Revival style residence with an Ionic front gallery and a semi-octagonal bay. The structure has large decorated dormers on three sides.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

It is one of 10 individually NRHP-listed houses in the "Broussard Multiple Resource Area", which also includes:

Alesia House

Martial Billeaud Jr. House

Valsin Broussard House

Comeaux House

Ducrest Building

Janin Store

Roy-LeBlanc House

St. Cecilia School

St. Julien House

Main Street Historic District

Ducrest Building
The Ducrest Building, also known as DeBaillon's Pharmacy, is a historic commercial building located at 100 West Main Street in Broussard, Louisiana, United States.

Built in 1903 by T. Lucien Ducrest which operated a pharmacy there, the building is a two-story frame commercial building in Italianate style.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 14, 1983.

It is one of 10 individually NRHP-listed houses in the "Broussard Multiple Resource Area", which also includes:

Alesia House

Billeaud House

Martial Billeaud Jr. House

Valsin Broussard House

Comeaux House

Janin Store

Roy-LeBlanc House

St. Cecilia School

St. Julien House

Main Street Historic District
Kangyur
The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a defined collection of sacred texts recognized by various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, comprising the Kangyur and the Tengyur. The Kangyur or Kanjur is Buddha's recorded teachings (or the 'Translation of the Word'), and the Tengyur or Tanjur is the commentaries by great masters on Buddha's teachings (or the 'Translation of Treatises').

Heart Sutra
The Heart Sūtra is a popular sūtra in Mahāyāna Buddhism. In Sanskrit, the title Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya translates as "The Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom". It is traditionally associated with the Bodhisattva  Avalokiteśvara (commonly known in East Asian Buddhism as Guanyin), who is the interlocutor of the sūtra.

The sūtra famously states, "Form is emptiness (śūnyatā), emptiness is form." It has been called "the most frequently used and recited text in the entire Mahayana Buddhist tradition." The text has been translated into English dozens of times from Chinese, Sanskrit, and Tibetan, as well as other source languages.
Winters Lane Historic District
Winters Lane Historic District is a national historic district at Catonsville, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It is a historically African-American residential community which developed between 1867 and the mid-1940s.  Winters Lane is located between Frederick Road and the Baltimore National Pike.  It is composed mainly of single-family dwellings augmented by a few commercial, social, or religious resources. The district contains 155 properties, including 141 residential properties, two former schools, three commercial buildings, three social clubs, and five churches or church-related buildings.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Catonsville, Maryland
Catonsville (/ˈkeɪtənzˌvɪl/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 44,701 at the 2020 US Census. The community is a streetcar suburb of Baltimore along the city's western border. The town is known for its proximity to the Patapsco River and Patapsco Valley State Park, making it a regional mountain biking hub. The town is also notable as a local hotbed of music, earning it the official nickname of "Music City, Maryland." Catonsville contains the majority of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), a major public research university with close to 14,000 students.
Bridget Forrester
Bridget Forrester is a fictional character from The Bold and the Beautiful, an American soap opera on the CBS network. She first appeared in 1992 as the infant daughter of Brooke Logan and Eric Forrester. The character was portrayed by actress Ashley Jones from December 2004 to January 2011 as a regular, but was dropped to recurring status and continued to make appearances up until February 29, 2012, when Bridget left for New York along with a few others. Since 2013, Jones has continued to make guest appearances on the soap.

Deacon Sharpe
Deacon Sharpe is a fictional character, from the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, portrayed by Sean Kanan from November 1, 2000, to February 22, 2005. From June 23, 2009, to January 30, 2012, the character appeared on its sister soap The Young and the Restless.

Kanan returned to the role on The Bold and the Beautiful on May 24, 2012. Shortly after, Kanan was dismissed and last seen on June 27, 2012, though the actor was later rehired. His last appearance was on October 9, 2012. On March 17, 2014, Kanan announced his return to The Bold and the Beautiful in a regular capacity. He once again returned on June 13, 2014.

In October 2021, Kanan reprised the role once again.

In September 2022, a crossover event between The Bold and the Beautiful and The Young and the Restless was announced involving Kanan’s character along with the Y&R character of Nikki Newman, played by Melody Thomas Scott. Kanan’s appearances on The Young and the Restless were September 20 to 21, 2022.
Peripheral vascular system
The peripheral vascular system is the part of the circulatory system that consists of the veins and arteries not in the chest or abdomen (i.e. in the arms, hands, legs and feet). The peripheral arteries supply oxygenated blood to the body, and the peripheral veins lead deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the extremities back to the heart.

Peripheral veins are the most common intravenous access method in both hospitals and paramedic services for a peripheral intravenous (IV) line for intravenous therapy.

In some cases blockages in the peripheral arteries may be treated with catheterization and balloon dilatation instead of surgery.

Artery
An artery (from Greek  ἀρτηρία (artēríā)) is a blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart in the systemic circulation to one or more parts of the body. Exceptions that carry deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary arteries in the pulmonary circulation that carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the umbilical arteries in the fetal circulation that carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta. It consists of a multi-layered artery wall wrapped into a tube-shaped channel.

Arteries contrast with veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus respectively.
Communist Party of the Netherlands
The Communist Party of the Netherlands (Dutch: Communistische Partij Nederland [kɔmyˈnɪstisə pɑrˈtɛi ˈneːdərlɑnt], CPN) was a communist party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1909 as the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and merged with the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party in 1991, forming the GroenLinks. Members opposed to the merger founded the New Communist Party of the Netherlands.

Reiderland
Reiderland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌrɛidərˈlɑnt] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the province Groningen in the northeastern Netherlands, which was founded in 1990 during a large municipal reorganisation. The former municipalities Finsterwolde and Bad Nieuweschans were abolished and added to Beerta. In 1992, the new municipality was given its current name. In 2010 it joined in the municipality Oldambt.
Michel Chartier de Lotbinière, Marquis de Lotbinière
Michel-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière, 1st Marquis de Lotbinière (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl ʃaʁtje də lɔtbinjɛʁ]; 1723–1798) was a French Canadian military officer who was Seigneur of Vaudreuil, Lotbinière and Rigaud, Quebec. In 1757, on his advice at the Siege of Fort William Henry, the Marquis de Montcalm successfully attacked Fort William Henry. In 1758, Lotbinière again advised Montcalm to await rather than attack the British Army, at Fort Carillon, the fort that Lotbinière had built, which led to the French victory at the Battle of Carillon. In 1784, Louis XVI created Lotbinière a Marquis, the only Canadian by family and birth to have attained that rank, and the last such creation made by Louis XVI. He was the last private owner of Château Vaudreuil in Montreal.

Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière
Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl østaʃ ɡaspaʁ alɛ̃ ʃaʁtje də lɔtbinjɛʁ]; August 31, 1748 – January 1, 1822), 2nd Marquis de Lotbinière, though to keep political favour with the British he never used the title. He was seigneur of Vaudreuil, Lotbinière and Rigaud. He was the Speaker of the House of Commons in Lower Canada who saw to it that the French language was recognised as equal to English in the Quebec Parliament, where a painting of him giving the speech still hangs above the Speaker's chair.