hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Handball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Handball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: Rukometni savez Bosne i Hercegovine /Рукометни савез Босне и Херцеговине) was the highest handball governing body in the country. It organized the Handball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Handball Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

It also organized the matches of the Bosnia and Herzegovina men's national handball team. That included men and women, and youth teams as well.

Bosnia and Herzegovina men's national handball team
The Bosnia and Herzegovina national handball team represented Bosnia and Herzegovina in international handball matches from 1992 to 2025, when its governing body, the Handball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina became defunct.
Crashing (D4vd and Kali Uchis song)
"Crashing" is a song by American singers D4vd and Kali Uchis, released on February 28, 2025, as the third single from D4vd's debut studio album Withered.

The music video was directed by Kenneth Cappello and released simultaneously with the song. It was written by D4vd and Kali Uchis alongside producers Velvet and Tyler Spry. The ballad delves into themes of romance.

In September 2025, Uchis removed the song from streaming services after human remains of a teenage girl were discovered in a Tesla registered to D4vd.

Withered (album)
Withered is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter D4vd, released on April 25, 2025. Before the album, D4vd gained recognition with his debut single "Romantic Homicide" and signed with Darkroom and Interscope Records. He released two EPs, Petals to Thorns and The Lost Petals in 2023, collaborating with producers such as Tyler Spry, Ryan Tedder, and Harry Charles, among others. The album delves into themes of heartbreak, emotional isolation, and personal growth.
Skew polygon
In geometry, a skew polygon is a closed polygonal chain in Euclidean space. It is a figure similar to a polygon except its vertices are not all coplanar.  While a polygon is ordinarily defined as a plane figure, the edges and vertices of a skew polygon form a space curve. Skew polygons must have at least four vertices. The interior surface and corresponding area measure of such a polygon is not uniquely defined.

Skew infinite polygons (apeirogons) have vertices which are not all colinear.

A zig-zag skew polygon or antiprismatic polygon has vertices which alternate on two parallel planes, and thus must be even-sided.

Regular skew polygons in 3 dimensions (and regular skew apeirogons in two dimensions) are always zig-zag.

Infinite skew polygon
In geometry, an infinite skew polygon or skew apeirogon is an infinite 2-polytope with vertices that are not all colinear. Infinite zig-zag skew polygons are 2-dimensional infinite skew polygons with vertices alternating between two parallel lines. Infinite helical polygons are 3-dimensional infinite skew polygons with vertices on the surface of a cylinder.

Regular infinite skew polygons exist in the Petrie polygons of the affine and hyperbolic Coxeter groups. They are constructed a single operator as the composite of all the reflections of the Coxeter group.
Dalocha (woreda)
Dalocha is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Silt'e Zone, Dalocha is bordered on the south by Sankurra, on the west by Wulbareg, on the north by Silte, and on the east by Lanfro. Towns in Dalocha include Dalocha. Western part of Dalocha was used to create Wulbareg woreda.

Dalocha has 32 kilometers of all-weather roads and 36 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 98 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.

Lanfro
Lanfro is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Until it was included into the Silte Zone, Lanfro formed part of the Gurage Zone. Lanfro is bordered on the south by the Alaba special woreda, on the southwest by Sankurra, on the west by Dalocha, on the north by Silte, and on the east by the Oromia Region. The major town in Lanfro is Torra.
Papakura railway station
Papakura railway station is a station of the Auckland railway network located in Papakura, New Zealand. It is situated on the North Island Main Trunk and is served by the Southern Line. It is accessed from Railway Street West and Ron Keat Drive.

Pukekohe railway station
Pukekohe railway station is a railway station in Pukekohe, New Zealand. It is the southern terminus of the Southern Line of the Auckland railway network.

Pukekohe was 30 mi (48 km) south of Auckland in 1882, or, in 1943, 30 mi 1 ch (48.3 km) via Newmarket, or 32 mi 17 ch (51.8 km) via Ōrākei and 61 m (200 ft) above sea level. In 1913 the station was rebuilt to the south, away from the town centre and it was converted to an island platform in 1941 and rebuilt again from 2016.
Janaki Ammal
Edavalath Kakkat Janaki Ammal (formally known as Janaki Ammal) (4 November 1897 – 7 February 1984) was an Indian botanist who worked on plant breeding, cytogenetics and phytogeography. Her most notable work involved studies on sugarcane and the eggplant (brinjal). She also worked on the cytogenetics of a range of plants and co-authored the Chromosome Atlas of Cultivated Plants (1945) with C.D. Darlington. She took an interest in ethnobotany and plants of medicinal and economic value from the rain forests of Kerala, India. Her remarkable research, which led to better cross-breeds of a sweeter variety therefore contributed to India’s sugarcane independence. Ammal is sometimes referred to as the 'woman who sweetened India's sugar cane'. She was awarded Padma Shri in 1977.

E. K. Govindan
Rao Bahadur Dewan E.K. Govindan (1875–1944) was a Thalassery notable who ruled as the first malayali man to govern Pudukkottai administratively, before serving as the Dewan of Pudukottai. He was an English writer and civil servant.
National Renewal (Peru)
National Renewal (Spanish: Renovación Nacional, RN), was a Christian democratic and right-leaning political party in Peru that was founded in 1992 in Lima by conservative politician Rafael Rey. The party was dissolved in 2012, following the 2011 general election, as it did not participate formally in the election; Rey ran with the Force 2011 as the second running mate of Keiko Fujimori. The party was part of the National Unity Alliance from 2001 until 2006.

Popular Force
Popular Force (Spanish: Fuerza Popular, FP), formerly known as Force 2011 (Spanish: Fuerza 2011) until 2012, is a right-wing populist and Fujimorist political party in Peru. The party is led by Keiko Fujimori, former congresswoman and daughter of former President Alberto Fujimori. She ran unsuccessfully for the presidency in the 2011, 2016 and 2021 presidential elections, losing by a narrow margin in all three.
Grinkiškis
Grinkiškis (Polish: Grynkiszki, Yiddish: גרינקישאָק, Grinkishok) is a town in the Radviliškis District Municipality in Šiauliai County, Lithuania. It is situated on the Šušvė River. It is the seat of an eldership. According to the 2021 census, the town had a population of 550.

The town was first mentioned in 1454 and soon became property of the Gatavičius family. Krzysztof Gatavičius, thankful for his military achievements, built a church in 1618. The present church was built in 1875.

In 1999, the coat of arms of Grinkiškis were approved by a presidential decree. The coat of arms depict a golden angel on one knee, who holds a silver lily with three blooms. The angel was borrowed from one of the two surviving crosses in town's cemetery, made by 19th-century dievdirbys Vincas Svirskis. The lily, a symbol of purity and innocence, represents Blessed Virgin Mary – patron of the town and namesake of its church.

Radviliškis District Municipality
Radviliškis District Municipality (Lithuanian: Radviliškio rajono savivaldybė) is one of the seven municipalities of Šiauliai County (Šiaulių apskritis) in Lithuania. Radviliškis town has been its center since 1950.

Radviliškis district has 13 subdivisions or elderships (Seniūnija).
Bato-Munko Vankeev
Bato-Munko Demyanovich Vankeyev (Russian: Бато-Мунко Демьянович Ванкеев; born 4 February 1977) is a boxer from Belarus.

Vankeev qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympics by topping the 2nd AIBA European 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Warsaw, Poland. At the 2004 Summer Olympics he was stopped in the first round of the Flyweight (51 kg) division by Juan Carlos Payano of the Dominican Republic.

At the 2005 World Championships he edged out Enkhbatyn Badar-Uugan 29:27 in round 1 then lost to Tajikistani boxer Anvar Yunusov.

Two years later, Vankeev won a bronze medal in the same division at the 2006 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Plovdiv.

Juan Carlos Payano
Juan Carlos Payano (born April 12, 1984) is a Dominican professional boxer who held the WBA (Undisputed) and then concurrently the IBO bantamweight titles between 2014 and 2016. As an amateur he won two silver medals at the Pan American Games and a gold medal at the Central American and Caribbean Games.
John Pedersen (arms designer)
John Douglas Pedersen (May 21, 1881 – May 23, 1951) was a prolific arms designer who worked for Remington Arms, and later for the United States Government. Famed gun designer John Moses Browning told Maj. Gen. Julian S. Hatcher of U.S. Army Ordnance that Pedersen "was the greatest gun designer in the world".

Remington Model 51
The Remington Model 51 is a small pocket pistol designed by John Pedersen and manufactured by Remington Arms in the early 20th century for the American civilian market. Remington manufactured approximately 65,000 Model 51 pistols in .32 ACP and .380 ACP calibers from 1918 to 1926, though small numbers were assembled into the mid-1930s.
Naive semantics
Naive semantics is an approach used in computer science for representing basic knowledge about a specific domain, and has been used in applications such as the representation of the meaning of natural language sentences in artificial intelligence applications. In a general setting the term has been used to refer to the use of a limited store of generally understood knowledge about a specific domain in the world, and has been applied to fields such as the knowledge based design of data schemas.

In natural language understanding, naive semantics involves the use of a lexical theory which maps each word sense to a simple theory (or set of assertions) about the objects or events of reference. In this sense, naive semantic theory is based upon a particular language, its syntax and its word senses. For instance the word "water" and the assertion water(X) may be associated with the three predicates clear(X), liquid(X) and tasteless(X).

Natural language understanding
Natural language understanding (NLU) or natural language interpretation (NLI) is a subset of natural language processing in artificial intelligence that deals with machine reading comprehension. NLU has been considered an AI-hard problem.

There is considerable commercial interest in the field because of its application to automated reasoning, machine translation, question answering, news-gathering, text categorization, voice-activation, archiving, and large-scale content analysis.
Senryū
Senryū (川柳) is a Japanese form of short poetry similar to haiku in construction: three lines with 17 morae (or on, often translated as syllables, but see the article on onji for distinctions). Senryū tend to be about human foibles while haiku tend to be about nature, and senryū are often cynical or darkly humorous while haiku are more serious.

Like haiku, senryū originated as an opening part (hokku) of a larger Japanese poem called renga. Unlike haiku, senryū do not include a kireji (cutting word), and do not generally include a kigo, or season word.

Renga
Renga (連歌, linked poem) is a genre of Japanese collaborative poetry in which alternating stanzas, or ku (句), of 5-7-5 and 7-7 morae (sound units or syllables per line) are linked in succession by multiple poets. Known as tsukuba no michi (筑波の道 The Way of Tsukuba) after the famous Tsukuba Mountain in the Kantō region, the form of poetry is said to have originated in a two-verse poetry exchange by Yamato Takeru and later gave birth to the genres haikai (俳諧) and haiku (俳句).

The genre was elevated to a literary art by Nijō Yoshimoto (二条良基, 1320–1388), who compiled the first imperial renga anthology Tsukubashū (菟玖波集) in 1356. The most famous renga master was Sōgi (宗祇, 1421–1502), and Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉, 1644–1694) after him became the most famous haikai master. Renga sequences were typically composed live during gatherings of poets, transcribed oral sessions known as rengakai (連歌会), but could also be composed by single poets as mainly textual works.
South African Mint
The South African Mint is responsible for minting all coins of the South African rand on behalf of its owner, the South African Reserve Bank. Located in Centurion, Gauteng near South Africa's administrative capital Pretoria, the mint manufactures coins and planchets for both domestic and international markets.

Mint (facility)
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. In the beginning, hammered coinage or cast coinage were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints, coin dies are manufactured in large numbers and planchets are made into milled coins by the billions.

With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the United States Mint much less than 25 cents to make a quarter (a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called seigniorage) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a U.S. penny ($0.01) cost $0.015 to make in 2016.
Meridian arc
In geodesy and navigation, a meridian arc is the curve between two points near the Earth's surface having the same longitude. The term may refer either to a segment of the meridian, or to its length. Both the practical determination of meridian arcs (employing measuring instruments in field campaigns) and their theoretical calculation (based on geometry and abstract mathematics) have been pursued for many years.

French Geodesic Mission to the Equator
The French Geodesic Mission to the Equator (French: Expédition géodésique française en Équateur), also called the French Geodesic Mission to Peru and the Spanish-French Geodesic Mission, was an 18th-century expedition to what is now Ecuador carried out for the purpose of performing an arc measurement, measuring the length of a degree of latitude near the Equator, by which the Earth's radius can be inferred. The mission was one of the first geodesic (or geodetic) missions carried out under modern scientific principles, and the first major international scientific expedition.
Balakros
Balakros (Greek: Bάλακρoς), also Balacrus or Balagros, the son of Nicanor, one of Alexander the Great's "Somatophylakes" (bodyguards), was appointed satrap of Cilicia after the Battle of Issus, 333 BC. He succeeded to the last Achaemenid satrap of Cilicia, Arsames.

Somatophylakes
Somatophylakes (Greek: Σωματοφύλακες; singular: somatophylax, σωματοφύλαξ) were the bodyguards of high-ranking people in ancient Greece.

The most famous body of somatophylakes were those of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. They consisted of seven men, drawn from the Macedonian nobility, who also acted as high-ranking military officers, holding command positions such as general or chiliarch. Alexander the Great appointed Peucestas as eighth somatophylax after the siege of Malli.
Robert Parker (minister)
Robert Parker (c. 1564 – 1614) was an English Puritan clergyman and scholar. He became minister of a separatist congregation in Holland where he died while in exile for his heterodoxy. The Revd. Cotton Mather wrote of Parker as "one of the greatest scholars in the English Nation, and in some sort the father of all Nonconformists of our day."

William Noyes (priest)
William Noyes (1568–1622), Rector of Cholderton, Wiltshire, was an Anglican clergyman of Puritan teachings. Under the influence of his instruction, members of his family succeeded him in Puritan ministry both in England and in Massachusetts Bay Colony, at first in Newbury, Essex County, where two of his sons, James and Nicholas, and his nephew Thomas Parker, were prominent figures. His grandson, Nicholas Noyes, was closely involved in the Salem witch trials. The religious motivations which led them to New England also gave rise to an extensive American branch of the Noyes family, of which William Noyes is the direct progenitor.
Out-of-bag error
Out-of-bag (OOB) error, also called out-of-bag estimate, is a method of measuring the prediction error of random forests, boosted decision trees, and other machine learning models utilizing bootstrap aggregating (bagging). Bagging uses subsampling with replacement to create training samples for the model to learn from. OOB error is the mean prediction error on each training sample xi, using only the trees that did not have xi in their bootstrap sample.

Bootstrap aggregating allows one to define an out-of-bag estimate of the prediction performance improvement by evaluating predictions on those observations that were not used in the building of the next base learner.

Gradient boosting
Gradient boosting is a machine learning technique based on boosting in a functional space, where the target is pseudo-residuals instead of residuals as in traditional boosting. It gives a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models, i.e., models that make very few assumptions about the data, which are typically simple decision trees. When a decision tree is the weak learner, the resulting algorithm is called gradient-boosted trees; it usually outperforms random forest. As with other boosting methods, a gradient-boosted trees model is built in stages, but it generalizes the other methods by allowing optimization of an arbitrary differentiable loss function.
Johnny Smith
Johnny Henry Smith II (June 25, 1922 – June 11, 2013) was an American cool jazz and mainstream jazz guitarist. He wrote "Walk, Don't Run" in 1954. In 1984, Smith was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame.

Roost Records
Roost Records (also known as Royal Roost Records) was a jazz record label established in 1949 by music producer Teddy Reig in New York City. The label was named after a club in New York City. Saxophonist Stan Getz, early in his career, recorded for the label, as did guitarist Johnny Smith. Smith was the bestselling artist on the Roost label.

The label's catalogue included Sonny Stitt, Coleman Hawkins, Bud Powell, Seldon Powell, Billy Taylor, and Gene Quill. In the latter 1950s, Roost's music was distributed by Roulette Records. Roost was then acquired by Roulette, which sold music under the label's name until 1971.

Since 2013, Roost Records' catalogue is owned by Warner Music Group via Parlophone.
Marie of Champagne
Marie of Champagne (c. 1174 – 29 August 1204 was the first Latin empress of Constantinople by marriage to Emperor Baldwin I. She acted as regent of Flanders during the absence of her spouse from 1202 until 1204.

Margaret II, Countess of Flanders
Margaret, often called Margaret of Constantinople (1202 – 10 February 1280), ruled as Countess of Flanders during 1244–1278 and Countess of Hainaut during 1244–1253 and 1257–1280. She was the younger daughter of Count Baldwin IX and Marie of Champagne.

Called the Black (la Noire) due to her scandalous life, the children of both her marriages disputed the inheritance of her counties in the War of the Succession of Flanders and Hainault.
Steinkopf (Taunus)
The Steinkopf near Ober-Rosbach in the county of Wetteraukreis and Pfaffenwiesbach in the county of Hochtaunuskreis in the German state of Hesse is a hill, 518 m above sea level (NHN), in the eastern Taunus and the easternmost Taunus eminence over 300 m. It has an isolation of 10.170 km and a prominence of 173 m and is thus one of the five independent summits in the Taunus. The Steinkopf is a landmark visible from a long distance especially for the immediately adjacent region of Wetterau to the east.

Friedberg, Hesse
Friedberg (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːtbɛʁk] ⓘ; official name: Friedberg (Hessen)) is a town and the capital of the Wetteraukreis district, in Hesse, Germany. In 1966, the town hosted the sixth Hessentag state festival, in 1979 the 19th.
Hydrazone iodination
Hydrazone iodination is an organic reaction in which a hydrazone is converted into a vinyl iodide by reaction of iodine and a non-nucleophilic base such as DBU. First published by Derek Barton in 1962 the reaction is sometimes referred to as the Barton reaction (although there are many different Barton reactions) or, more descriptively, as the Barton vinyl iodine procedure.

The reaction has earlier roots with the 1911 discovery by Wieland and Roseeu that the reaction of hydrazones with iodine alone (without base) results in the azine dimer (structure 2 in scheme 1).

In the original Barton publication the reaction was optimized by using a strong guanidine base, the inverse addition of the hydrazone to an iodine solution, and by exclusion of water.

When iodine as an electrophile is replaced by aromatic selenyl bromides, the corresponding vinyl selenides are obtained:

Shapiro reaction
The Shapiro reaction or tosylhydrazone decomposition is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an alkene through an intermediate hydrazone in the presence of 2 equivalents of organolithium reagent. The reaction was discovered by Robert H. Shapiro in 1967. The Shapiro reaction was used in the Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis. This reaction is very similar to the Bamford–Stevens reaction, which also involves the basic decomposition of tosyl hydrazones.
Leaota Mountains
The Leaota Mountains are located in central Romania, north of the city of Târgoviște. They are part of the Southern Carpathians group of the Carpathian Mountains, and have as neighbours the Bucegi Mountains to the east and Piatra Craiului to the west. The mountains cover an area of 346 km2 (134 sq mi) within Dâmbovița, Argeș, and Brașov counties.

The 2,133 metres (6,998 feet) high pyramidal Leaota Peak rises in a superb land of dense fir forests, wild animals, few wanderer shepherds, and almost no tourists.

Southern Carpathians
The Southern Carpathians (also known as the Transylvanian Alps; Romanian: Carpații Meridionali [karˈpatsij ˌmeridi.oˈnalʲ]; Hungarian: Déli-Kárpátok) are a group of mountain ranges located in southern Romania. They cover the part of the Carpathian Mountains located between the Prahova River in the east and the Timiș and Cerna Rivers in the west. To the south they are bounded by the Balkan Mountains in eastern Serbia.
Magadino
Magadino (Lombard: Magadign) is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged in the new municipality of Gambarogno.

Vira (Gambarogno)
Vira is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged in the new municipality of Gambarogno.