hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
One-flue harpoon
The one-flue harpoon or one-flue iron (sometimes "single" instead of "one" is used) is a type of harpoon used in whaling after its introduction in the early 19th century when it replaced the two-flue harpoon. Due to the asymmetric design of the head for which it is named, the one-flue harpoon was less likely to cut its way out of the whale meat and blubber, and was therefore more successful in whaling.

In the mid-19th century the one flue harpoon was replaced by the toggling harpoon, which was an iron version of the ancient design used in the Arctic by the native whale hunters there. The toggling iron harpoon was even more successful and rapidly phased out the use of the "common harpoon" (a term which refers to either the one or two flue harpoon).

Toggling harpoon
The toggling harpoon is an ancient weapon and tool used in whaling to impale a whale when thrown. Unlike earlier harpoon versions which had only one point, a toggling harpoon has a two-part point. One half of the point is firmly attached to the thrusting base, while the other half of the point is fitted over this first point like a cap and attached to the rest of the point with sinew or another string-like material. When the harpoon is thrust into an animal, the top half of the point detaches and twists horizontally into the animal under the skin, allowing hunters to haul the animal to ship or shore. This harpoon technology lodges the toggling head of the harpoon underneath both the animal's skin and blubber, and instead lodges the point in the muscle, which also prevents the harpoon slipping out.
Jewish Social Studies
Jewish Social Studies is a quarterly U.S. based journal.

It was established in 1939, by the Conference on Jewish Relations, later known as the Conference on Jewish Social Studies. Its editor was the American philosopher Morris Raphael Cohen. In the early 1970s, Arthur Hertzberg was editor; his motto was "we are universalists and particularists", caring for all men and caring for Jews.

The journal is currently published by Indiana University Press.

Conference on Jewish Social Studies
The  Conference on Jewish Social Studies was established in 1933 as the Conference on Jewish Relations by Salo W. Baron and Morris Raphael Cohen.  Baron was chairman from 1933 till 1988.  The immediate issue was facing rapidly spreading Nazi world propaganda with its fabrications and falsehoods. In addition, it aimed to get a fuller picture about Jewish population, economics, and various aspects of Jewish life.

In 1936, Albert Einstein presided over the conference.

Among the sponsored projects by the conference was the quarterly journal Jewish Social Studies, which began being published regularly from January 1939.

In 1955 the conference obtained its present title. It was active till 1988. Its journal continues and is currently published by Indiana University Press.)
Malibu Stakes
The Malibu Stakes is a race for three-year-old thoroughbred horses of either gender held each December at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. The race is at a distance of seven furlongs and is the first leg of Santa Anita Park's Strub Series.

A Grade I event currently with a $300,000 purse, it has attracted some of America's best horses following the Breeders' Cup.

Inaugurated in 1952 as the Malibu Sequet Stakes, its name was changed to the present style in 1958.

There was a Malibu Stakes run in January and December of the same year in 1955, 1960, 1966, and 1984. It was run in two divisions in 1972, 1975, 1977, 1981, and 1984.

There was no race in 1959, 1964, 1967, 1970.

Santa Anita Park
Santa Anita Park is a Thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent horse racing events in the United States during early fall, winter and in spring. The track is home to numerous prestigious races, including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap. It has also hosted the year-end Breeders' Cup races eleven times, more than any other racetrack. In 1984, Santa Anita was the site of equestrian events at the 1984 Olympics and will host once again in 2028. Since 2011, the Stronach Group are the current owners.
HMS Mercury (1779)
HMS Mercury was a 28-gun Enterprise-class sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She was built during the American War of Independence and serving during the later years of that conflict. She continued to serve during the years of peace and had an active career during the French Revolutionary Wars and most of the Napoleonic Wars, until being broken up in 1814.

Enterprise-class frigate
The Enterprise-class frigates were the final class of 28-gun sailing frigates of the sixth-rate to be produced for the Royal Navy. These twenty-seven vessels were designed in 1770 by John Williams. A first batch of five ships were ordered as part of the programme sparked by the Falklands Islands emergency. Two ships were built by contract in private shipyards, while three others were constructed in the Royal Dockyards using foreign oak.

A second batch of fifteen ships were ordered in 1776 to 1778 to meet the exigencies of the North American situation, and a final group of seven ships followed in 1782 to 1783 with only some minor modifications to include side gangways running flush with the quarterdeck and forecastle, and with solid bulkheads along the quarterdeck.
Community High School District 99
Community High School District 99 is a local school district serving Downers Grove, Woodridge, Westmont, Darien, Lisle, Bolingbrook, and Oak Brook in the state of Illinois. A non-residential portion of Lombard also is zoned to this district. It consists of two high schools, North High School and South High School, both located in Downers Grove. The current Superintendent of this district is Henry Thiele, a position formerly held by Dr. Mark McDonald.

North High School (Downers Grove, Illinois)
Downers Grove North High School (DGN; sometimes Downers North or North; formerly Downers Grove High School) is public high school situated in the city of Downers Grove in the Illinois state of the United States. The school was established in 1928.
1. FC Slovácko
1. FC Slovácko is a Czech football club based in Uherské Hradiště. The team was established in 1927 as SK Staré Město and on 1 July 2000 as 1. FC Synot, which was a merger of the original club with FC Slovácká Slavia Uherské Hradiště. Since 2009 the club has played in the Czech First League. Slovácko have won one Czech Cup, and reached the cup final on two other occasions.

2008–09 Czech Cup
The 2008–09 Czech Cup was the 16thh edition of the annual football knockout tournament organized by the Czech Football Association of the Czech Republic. It began on 20 July 2008 with the preliminary round and ended with the final on 27 May 2009.

Teplice prevailed in Stadion Evžena Rošického, Prague at the 27 May 2009 Cup defeating 1. FC Slovácko, 1–0. 4,820 in attendance.
MediaEntity
MediaEntity is a Turbomedia webcomic created by Emilie Tarascou and Simon Kansara since 2012. The webcomic follows the story of a young man whose social media account suddenly starts generating compromising messages. It features a large amount of free bonus content that fits its paranoid theme. The webcomic was first released in print form in 2013, using augmented reality features.

MediaEntity won the jury prize at La Nuit des Médias 2010.

Webcomics in France
Webcomics in France are usually referred to as either blog BD (comic strip blogs) or BD numérique (digital comic strips). Early webcomics in the late 1990s and early 2000s primarily took on the form of personal blogs, where amateur artists told stories through their drawings. The medium rose in popularity in economic viability in the country in the late 2000s and early 2010s. The Turbomedia format, where a webcomic is presented more like a slideshow, was popularized in France in the early 2010s.
Bath and North East Somerset
Bath and North East Somerset (B&NES) is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Somerset, South West England. As its name suggests, it comprises the north-east part of Somerset including  the city of Bath, which is its administrative headquarters. It has an area of 136 square miles (352 km2).

The area was created on 1 April 1996 as part of the abolition of the county of Avon, and covers the same area as the former Avon districts of Wansdyke and Bath. Legally, it comprises a non-metropolitan county and a non-metropolitan district with identical boundaries. The area is governed by Bath and North East Somerset Council, which was created on the same date and which is constituted as a non-metropolitan district council with the responsibilities of a non-metropolitan county council. In addition to its headquarters in Bath, it also has offices in Keynsham. Other settlements in the area include Midsomer Norton, Radstock, Westfield, and Saltford.

River Avon, Bristol
The River Avon (/ˈeɪvən/ AY-vən) is a river in the southwest of England. To distinguish it from a number of other rivers of the same name, it is often called the Bristol Avon. The name 'Avon' is loaned from an ancestor of the Welsh word afon, meaning 'river'.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire into Somerset. In its lower reaches from Bath (where it meets the Kennet and Avon Canal) to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol, the river is navigable and is known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the United Kingdom, at 83 miles (134 km), although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).
UK Molecular R-matrix Codes
The UK Molecular R-Matrix codes are a set of software routines used to calculate the effects of collision of electrons with atoms and molecules. The R-matrix method is used in computational quantum mechanics to study scattering of positrons and electrons by atomic and molecular targets. The fundamental idea was originally introduced by Eugene Wigner and Leonard Eisenbud in the 1940s. The method uses the fixed nuclei approximation, where the molecule's nuclei are considered fixed when collision occurs and the electronic part of the problem is solved. This information is then plugged into calculations which take into account nuclear motion. The UK Molecular R-Matrix codes were developed by the Collaborative Computational Project Q (CCPQ).

R-matrix
The term R-matrix has several meanings, depending on the field of study. Its original use has been to mathematically describe nuclear reactions. In particular the general problem of nuclear reactions is to relate the values of the scattering or collision matrix elements (which in principle can be obtained from measurements) to the (slow) dynamics of nuclear structure. The R-matrix formalism describes the effects of the interaction of the nucleus with the outside world. Its interior is not specified, i.e. it is considered a "black box". The original formulations of the theory came from nuclear scientists Wigner, Eisenbud, Breit, Blatt, Weisskopf, and others. Related theories are U-matrix, S-matrix, by M-matrix, or T-matrix.
Atmospheric Waves Experiment
The Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) is a NASA Heliophysics instrument mounted on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) that investigates how terrestrial weather affects space weather via small-scale atmospheric gravity waves produced in Earth’s atmosphere.

AWE was built by the Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory and led by Ludger Scherliess of Utah State University.  NASA selected the instrument as a Heliophysics Explorers Program Mission of Opportunity in February 2019. The SpaceX CRS-29 spacecraft carrying AWE was successfully launched on 10 November 2023. Once at the ISS, AWE was extracted from the trunk section of the Cargo Dragon by the Dextre robotic arm and attached to the station's Express Payload Adapter (ExPA), ELC-1 Site 3.

After two years of observation at the ISS, AWE will be removed from the station and jettisoned to space, where it will be disposed of by reentering Earth's atmosphere to burn up.

SpaceX CRS-29
SpaceX CRS-29, also known as SpX-29, is a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched on November 10, 2023. The mission was contracted by NASA and flown by SpaceX using Cargo Dragon C211. It was the ninth flight for SpaceX under NASA's CRS Phase 2.
2022 MPBL finals
The 2022 MPBL finals was the championship series of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League's (MPBL) 2022 season and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. In the best-of-five playoff, the North Division champion Nueva Ecija Rice Vanguards defeated the South Division champion Zamboanga Family's Brand Sardines, as they won the league's fourth championship. Byron Villarias named as the season's Finals MVP.

First-seeded Nueva Ecija (21–0) held homecourt advantage for the series, having a better record than Zamboanga (18–3). This marks the first finals appearance for both teams.

This was the first finals series in which neither team is based in Metro Manila.

Zamboanga Sikat
The Zamboanga Sikat Family's Brand Sardines (stylized as Zamboanga SiKAT), alternatively known as Sikat Zamboanga, is a Filipino professional basketball team based in Zamboanga City. The team currently competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) as a member of the league's South Division. The team plays its home games at Mayor Vitaliano D. Agan Coliseum.

The team was established in 2019 after splitting from the Zamboanga Valientes due to undisclosed management issues. The new team was then named the Zamboanga Family's Brand Sardines, and later renamed to Zamboanga Master Sardines in 2024. Universal Canning Inc. served as the team's title sponsor from 2019 to 2024.

The Zamboanga franchise is one of five teams based in Mindanao and the only one from the Zamboanga Peninsula region. They have also played in Filbasket and in the Chooks-to-Go Pilipinas 3x3.
Diocese of Orlando
The Diocese of Orlando (Latin: Dioecesis Orlandensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in central Florida in the United States. St. James Cathedral serves as the seat of the diocese. Since 2010, the bishop is John Gerard Noonan.

The Diocese of Orlando is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Miami.

Thomas Joseph Grady
Thomas Joseph Grady (October 9, 1914 – April 21, 2002) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the second bishop of the Diocese of Orlando in Florida from 1974 to 1989, having previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago in Illinois from 1967 to 1974.
Zelanophilidae
Zelanophilidae is a family of centipedes belonging to the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Geophiloidea. Centipedes in this family are found in the Australasian region. This family includes seven species distributed among three genera.

Geophilomorpha
Geophilomorpha is an order of centipedes commonly known as soil centipedes. The name "Geophilomorpha" comes from Ancient Greek γεω- (geo-), meaning "earth", φίλος (phílos), meaning "lover", and μορφή (morphḗ), meaning "form". This group is the most diverse centipede order, with 230 genera. These centipedes are found nearly worldwide but are absent in Antarctica and most Arctic regions.
Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level and merges with polar tundra.

The high elevation causes an adverse climate, which is too cold and windy to support tree growth. Alpine tundra transitions to sub-alpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as krummholz. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer.

Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by dwarf shrubs close to the ground. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by adiabatic cooling of air, and is similar to polar climate.

Natural region
A natural region (landscape unit) is a basic geographic unit. Usually, it is a region which is distinguished by its common natural features of geography, geology, and climate.

From the ecological point of view, the naturally occurring flora and fauna of the region are likely to be influenced by its geographical and geological factors, such as soil and water availability, in a significant manner. Thus most natural regions are homogeneous ecosystems. Human impact can be an important factor in the shaping and destiny of a particular natural region.
Amaro, Friuli Venezia Giulia
Amaro (Friulian: Damâr; Slovene: Amar) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Udine.

Amaro borders the following municipalities: Cavazzo Carnico, Moggio Udinese, Tolmezzo, Venzone.

Cavazzo Carnico
Cavazzo Carnico (Friulian: Cjavàç; Slovene: Krasnodar) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Udine.

Cavazzo Carnico borders the following municipalities: Amaro, Bordano, Tolmezzo, Trasaghis, Venzone, Verzegnis, Vito d'Asio.
Mayo Mansion
Mayo Mansion is a historic mansion at 405 Third Street in Paintsville, Kentucky. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 3, 1974, as John C.C. Mayo Mansion and Office. The mansion is currently occupied by Our Lady of the Mountains School.

Mayo Mansion was built for American entrepreneur John C. C. Mayo. Herman Geisky served as the chief architect during construction.

Paintsville, Kentucky
Paintsville (locally /ˈpeɪntsvəl/) is a home rule-class city in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. Located along Paint Creek, it is the county seat of Johnson County. The population was 4,312 at the 2020 census.
Girona
Girona, also known as Gerona, is the capital city of the Province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell rivers. The city had an official population of 106,476 in 2024, but the population of the Girona–Salt urban area is estimated to be about 156,400 (2020). Girona is also capital of the comarca of the Gironès and the vegueria of Girona. Since much of the old quarter of this ancient city has been preserved, Girona is a popular tourist destination. The city is located 99 km (62 mi) northeast of Barcelona.

Third siege of Girona (Peninsular War)
The third siege of Girona occurred in northern Catalonia, Spain from 6 May to 12 December 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars.  A significant event of the Peninsular War, France's Grande Armée lay siege to the town of Girona for seven months. Girona was strategically important because it controlled the main road between France and Spain.

Some 32,000 French and Westphalian troops besieged the town.  General Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr was in command of the French during much of the siege. Marshal Pierre Augereau took command after 12 October.  The Girona defense was under General Mariano Álvarez de Castro, with about 9,000 regular troops and militiamen. Girona held out until disease and famine compelled it to capitulate.

Though badly outnumbered, the Spanish defenders forced a lengthy siege, and a large French army was pinned down for an entire campaigning season. The battle became legendary over the course of Spain's War of Independence, and Álvarez became a national hero.
Assistant Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
Assistant Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, usually just Assistant Commissioner (AC), is the third highest rank in London's Metropolitan Police, ranking below Deputy Commissioner and above Deputy Assistant Commissioner. There have usually been four officers in the rank; however, at times there have been five to seven. As of August 2025, there are five owing to the continuing secondment of Sir Stephen Kavanagh to Interpol.

From 1 September 2016, the salary is £198,823 (plus £2,373 allowance). This does not include the use of a private car and pension contributions. This makes them the equal fifth highest paid police officers in the United Kingdom, behind the commissioner, the deputy commissioner, the chief constable of Police Scotland and the chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland, and alongside the chief constables of West Midlands and Greater Manchester.

Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
The Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, commonly referred to simply as the Deputy Commissioner, is the second-in-command of London's Metropolitan Police Service. The rank is senior to assistant commissioner, but junior by one rank to commissioner. The deputy commissioner's salary from 1 September 2010 is £214,722, making them the second highest paid British police officer.
Rakkestad
Rakkestad is a municipality in Østfold county, Norway.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rakkestad.  It is divided into the parishes of Rakkestad, Degernes, and Os.  The municipality is the county's second largest by area and one of Norway's largest agricultural areas.

Rakkestad was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). Degernes was separated from Rakkestad as a municipality of its own on 1 January 1917, but it was merged back into Rakkestad on 1 January 1964.

Rakkestad has a civil airport, Rakkestad Airport, Aastorp.

Rakkestad Airport, Åstorp
Rakkestad Airport, Åstorp (Norwegian: Rakkestad flyplass, Åstorp; ICAO: ENRK) is a private general aviation airport located at Åstorp in Rakkestad in Østfold county, Norway. It features a 1,080-meter (3,540 ft) runway aligned 15/33. The airport serves a maintenance base of Norrønafly–Rakkestad, the aviation club Rakkestad Flyklubb and the parachuting club Nimbus Fallskjermklubb. The airport is operated by Rakkestad Flyplass AS, which has Rakkestad Municipality as a majority owner.

The airport was built by Norrønafly in 1970. Originally it featured a 600-meter (2,000 ft) grass runway. It has been home to the aviation club since 1972. The airport underwent a major upgrade in 1998 when it received state grants to build a 860-meter (2,820 ft) asphalt runway.
Crookes Valley Park
Crookes Valley Park is an area of public parkland in the Crookesmoor area of the City of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. The park lies just under two kilometres west of the city centre at 53°23′00″N 1°29′34″W﻿ / ﻿53.3834°N 1.4929°W﻿ / 53.3834; -1.4929. It is one of the three "Crookesmoor Parks" the other two being Weston Park and The Ponderosa.

Ponderosa (Sheffield)
The Ponderosa is a recreation area within the City of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Although not a public park it was designated as Open Space by Sheffield City Council in the 1993 Unitary Development Plan. It covers an area of over 25 acres (10 ha) and is located at 53°23′12″N 1°29′11″W﻿ / ﻿53.3868°N 1.4865°W﻿ / 53.3868; -1.4865, 0.9 miles (1.5 km) west of the city centre between the districts of Upperthorpe and Netherthorpe. Although the name "Ponderosa" was originally an informal name given by local children, it is now the accepted title and is recognised by the local council. Along with Weston Park and Crookes Valley Park it is one of the three "Crookesmoor Parks".