hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sodium–potassium alloy
Sodium–potassium alloy, colloquially called NaK (commonly pronounced /næk/), is an alloy of the alkali metals sodium (Na, atomic number 11) and potassium (K, atomic number 19) that is normally liquid at room temperature. Various commercial grades are available. NaK is highly reactive with water (like its constituent elements) and may catch fire when exposed to air, so it must be handled with special precautions.

Pyrophoricity
A substance is pyrophoric (from Ancient Greek: πυροφόρος, pyrophoros, 'fire-bearing') if it ignites spontaneously in air at or below 54 °C (129 °F) (for gases) or within five minutes after coming into contact with air (for liquids and solids). Examples are organolithium compounds and triethylborane. Pyrophoric materials are often water-reactive as well and will ignite when they contact water or humid air. They can be handled safely in atmospheres of argon or (with a few exceptions) nitrogen. Fire classification fire extinguishers are designated for use in fires involving metals but not pyrophoric materials in general. A related concept is hypergolicity, in which two compounds spontaneously ignite when mixed.
Fred Landeg
Frederick John Landeg CBE (born 1948) was the Chief Veterinary Officer (CVO) of the United Kingdom and for Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), from November 2007 to April 2008.

Landeg was born in 1948, and educated at Sir Walter St. John's School. He graduated from the Royal Veterinary College in 1971 and practiced as a veterinary surgeon until 1975, when he became a Veterinary Officer at the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. He became the UK's Deputy Chief Veterinary Officer, and Director General at DEFRA in 2004.

On 9 November 2007, Landeg became the UK's acting Chief Veterinary Officer following the early retirement of Debby Reynolds. On 16 November, he was promoted to the role officially.

Landeg retired in April 2008, and was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours. He received his honor from Queen Elizabeth II at Windsor Castle on 12 December 2008.

Debby Reynolds
Deborah Reynolds CB served as the Chief Veterinary Officer (CVO) of the United Kingdom from March 2004 until she retired in November 2007. She is usually referred to as Debby Reynolds, or less often as Deborah Reynolds.
Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards
The Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards, or Technology and Engineering Emmys, are one of two sets of Emmy Awards that are presented for outstanding achievement in engineering development in the television industry. The Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards are presented by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), while the separate Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards are given by its sister organization the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS).

A Technology and Engineering Emmy can be presented to an individual, a company, or to a scientific or technical organization for developments and/or standardization involved in engineering technologies which either represent so extensive an improvement on existing methods or are so innovative in nature that they materially have affected the transmission, recording, or reception of television. The award is determined by a special panel composed of highly qualified, experienced engineers in the television industry.

Harmonic Inc.
Harmonic Inc. is an American technology company that develops and markets video routing, server, and storage products for companies that produce, process, and distribute video content for television and the Internet.
Stibor of Stiboricz
Stibor of Stiboricz of Ostoja (also written in English as Scibor or Czibor;  Polish: Ścibor ze Ściborzyc, Hungarian: Stiborici Stibor, Romanian: Știbor de Știborici, Slovak: Stibor zo Stiboríc; c. 1348 – February 1414) was an aristocrat of Polish origin in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was a close friend of King Sigismund of Hungary who appointed him to several offices during his reign. He was Voivode of Transylvania (present day Romania) from 1395 to 1401 and 1409 to 1414. Stibor styled himself "Lord of the whole Vág", referring to his properties along the 409-km-long river (in present-day Slovakia) where 15 of his 31 castles were situated.

Zawisza the Black
Zawisza the Black of Garbów, of Sulima coat of arms (c. 1379 – 12 June 1428), was a Polish knight and nobleman who served as a commander and diplomat under Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło and Hungarian-Bohemian king Sigismund of Luxembourg. During his life, he was regarded as a model of knightly virtues and was renowned for winning multiple tournaments.
Montezuma Downtown Historic District
The Montezuma Downtown Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Montezuma, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.  The historic district covers Montezuma's central business district, and includes the Poweshiek County Courthouse, Carter Hotel, and the Carnegie Library building.  Iowa architect Frank E. Wetherell has at least one building.

New Carroll House Hotel
The New Carroll House Hotel, also known as the Carter Hotel, is a historic building located in Montezuma, Iowa, United States.  There has been a hotel on this corner since 1856.  It was owned by a succession of people until Thomas Carroll became the proprietor and renamed it the Carroll House in 1880.  It was destroyed in a fire in 1891.  J.C. Forcum, a local builder, completed the New Carroll House for $18,000 in 1892.  It is a three-story brick structure on a corner lot, which was emphasized by its veranda and irregular corner treatment.  The hotel was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.  In 2012 it was listed as a contributing property in the Montezuma Downtown Historic District.
Flint Town United F.C.
Flint Town United Football Club is a football club based in Flint, Flintshire, Wales who play in the Cymru Premier.

Nicknamed "the Silkmen", they play their home games at Cae-y-Castell  also known as the 'Essity Stadium' following their sponsorship deal. "The Castle Field", Flint.

Cae-y-Castell
Cae-y-Castell (currently known as the Essity Stadium for sponsorship reasons) is a football stadium in Flint, Flintshire, Wales. Located on the banks of the Dee Estuary close to Flint Castle, it is the home ground of Flint Town United and is also used by Connah's Quay Nomads and Flint Rugby Club.
Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran
Lieutenant-General Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran (of the second creation), de jure 3rd Duke of Ormonde (1671–1758), was an Anglo-Irish peer. His uncle Richard was the 1st Earl of Arran of the first creation. The titles were re-created for Charles in 1693. His elder brother, the 2nd Duke of Ormonde, was attainted during the Jacobite rising of 1715, but in 1721 Arran was allowed to buy the estate back. At the death of the 2nd Duke, he succeeded as de jure 3rd Duke of Ormonde in the Irish peerage but did not claim the title.

Earl of Ormond (Ireland)
The peerage title Earl of Ormond and the related titles Duke of Ormonde and Marquess of Ormonde have a long and complex history. An earldom of Ormond has been created three times in the Peerage of Ireland. The earldom comprised the entirety of what is now County Kilkenny, large swathes of County Tipperary, and parts of County Waterford and County Carlow.
Black Market Militia
Black Market Militia is a rap group composed of Killah Priest, Timbo King, Hell Razah, Tragedy Khadafi and William Cooper. They released their first album Black Market Militia in 2005. They had previously released two underground mixtapes, The Black Market Vol. 1 and Vol. 2: Dead Street Scrolls.

Hell Razah
Chron Smith (born October 1, 1976), better known by his stage name Hell Razah, is an American rapper. He is best known as a member of Sunz of Man, an early affiliate group of the Wu-Tang Clan.

Razah is rumored to have suffered a brain aneurysm in April 2010. He was quick to recover and continue recording. He came to adopt the moniker Heaven Razah.
Rhodanthemum
Rhodanthemum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, mostly native to exposed rocky places in Northern Africa (Morocco and Algeria). Formerly included in either Chrysanthemum or Leucanthemum, the 10 or 15 species of Rhodanthemum display many similarities to their former congeners, with composite daisy-like flowers. They are mat-forming, prostrate perennials or subshrubs, and some are cultivated as ornamental plants.

Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums (/krɪˈsænθəməmz/ kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes abbreviated to mums or chrysanths, are perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that bloom in the autumn. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Many thousands of horticultural varieties and cultivars exist.
Tuzi
Tuzi (Albanian: Tuz; Cyrillic: Тузи) is a small town in the central region of Montenegro, and the seat of Tuzi Municipality. It is located along a main road between the city of Podgorica and the Albanian border crossing, just a few kilometers north of Lake Skadar. The Church of St. Anthony and Qazimbeg's Mosque are located in the centre of the town.

Malësia
Malësia e Madhe ("Great Highlands"), known simply as Malësia (Albanian: Malësia, Montenegrin: Malesija / Малесија), is a historical and ethnographic region in northern Albania and eastern central Montenegro corresponding to the highlands of the geographical subdivision of the Malësi e Madhe District in Albania and Tuzi Municipality in Montenegro. The largest settlement in the area is the town of Tuzi.
Pinnacle Peak (Lewis County, Washington)
Pinnacle Peak is a 6,562 ft (2,000 m) peak located in Mount Rainier National Park in Lewis County, Washington. It is the second highest peak in the Tatoosh Range. There are two other Washington summits with the same name: Pinnacle Peak near Enumclaw, Washington, roughly 30 miles (50 km) to the northwest, and Pinnacle Peak in North Cascades State Park.

The trail to the saddle and summit has views of Rainier.  Some scrambling and rock climbing is needed to attain the summit. The Castle is situated 0.2 miles (0.32 km) to the east.

Pinnacle Peak (King County, Washington)
Pinnacle Peak, also known as Mount Peak, is an 1,801-foot-elevation forest-covered summit located in King County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is set at the western edge of the range, immediately south of Enumclaw, Washington and 25 miles northwest of Mount Rainier. There are two other Washington summits with the same name: Pinnacle Peak (Lewis County, Washington) in the Tatoosh Range to the south of Mount Rainier, and Pinnacle Peak (Whatcom County, Washington) in North Cascades National Park.
Cindy Burkett
Cindy Burkett is an American politician and former member of the Texas House of Representatives. She was first elected in 2010, representing House District 101. After redistricting, she was elected to the House for District 113.

Burkett unsuccessfully challenged Bob Hall in the 2018 Republican primary for his seat in the Texas Senate.

She was appointed to the State Independent Living Council by Governor Greg Abbott in 2024.

Bob Hall (politician)
Robert Lee Hall III (born March 5, 1942) is an American politician who is a Republican member of the Texas State Senate. Aligned with the Tea Party movement, he succeeded fellow Republican Bob Deuell, whom he unseated by three hundred votes in the Republican runoff election held on May 27, 2014.
Bouyei people
The Bouyei (also spelled Puyi, Buyei and Buyi; Bouyei: Buxqyaix, [puʔjai] or "Puzhong", "Burao", "Puman"; Chinese: 布依族; pinyin: Bùyīzú; Vietnamese: người Bố Y) are a Tai-speaking ethnic group who mostly live in the province of Guizhou  in Southern China. Numbering 3.5 million, they are the 10th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Some 3,000 Bouyei also live in Northern Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups.

Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 黔南布依族苗族自治州; pinyin: Qiánnán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu; Buyei: Qianfnanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz ziqziqzouy; Hmu: Qeef Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb) is an autonomous prefecture of Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, bordering Guangxi to the south. The prefecture's seat is Duyun, while its area is 26,192 km2 (10,113 sq mi). The name "黔南" derives from the prefecture's south-central location in the province; "黔" is the official abbreviation for Guizhou, while "南" means "south".
Legion of Death (military unit)
The Legion of Death (Slovene: Legija Smrti) was a regimental-size Slovenian anti-Communist militia of the Second World War. The units that would call themselves the Legion of Death began recruiting and organizing against the Partisans in May 1942. Eventually they would consist of three battalions when the Blue Guard Styrian battalion was incorporated into the Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia, the anti-Communist militia of the Fascist Italians who occupied Slovenia at the time. It mainly fought against the Communist Yugoslav Partisans.
The unit reached a strength of 1,731 members in October 1942, but plans for further expansion were never realized. The unit was mainly led by former Yugoslav Royal Army officers. When the Italians capitulated in 1943, the unit was disbanded and its members absorbed into the Slovene Home Guard units.

Blue Guard (Slovene)
The Blue Guard (Slovene: Plava garda), also known as the Slovene Chetniks (Slovene: Slovenski četniki, Serbo-Croatian: Slovenački četnici), was a Slovenian anti-communist militia, initially under the leadership of Major Karl Novak and later Ivan Prezelj. Their official name was the Royal Yugoslav Army in Slovenia.
Chiasso railway station
Chiasso railway station (Italian: Stazione di Chiasso) is a station owned by the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS). It serves the town of Chiasso, in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland, and is also a border station between Switzerland and Italy.

The station is both the southern terminus of the Gotthard railway (owned and operated by SBB CFF FFS), and the northern terminus of the Milan–Chiasso railway (owned by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana and operated by Trenitalia). It is situated a few metres from the border, with the eastern section of Platform 1 being located on Italian territory, and is separated from the Italian city of Como by twin railway tunnels through the Monte Olimpino.

Chiasso
Chiasso (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkjasso]; Lombard: Ciass [ˈtʃas]) is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

As the southernmost of Switzerland's municipalities, Chiasso is on the border with Italy, in front of Ponte Chiasso (a frazione of Como, Italy). The municipality of Chiasso includes the villages of Boffalora, Pedrinate and Seseglio.

In 2007, the three mayors of Chiasso, Vacallo and Morbio Inferiore decided to unite into one commune. The new united commune with a population of ~15,300 people over a territory of 9.2 km2 (3.6 sq mi), was rejected by the population in November 2007.
R323 road (Ireland)
The R323 road is a regional road in County Mayo, Ireland. Going from west to east, the route connects the towns of Kiltimagh, Knock, and Ballyhaunis. En route it crosses over the N17 national primary road at a grade separated junction in the village of Knock.

The official description of the R323 from the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2006  reads:

R323 Kiltimagh - Knock - Ballyhaunis, County Mayo

Between its junction with R320 at Main Street Kiltimagh and its junction with N60 at Hazelhill in the town of Ballyhaunis via Thomas Street at Kiltimagh; Roosky, Cloonlee, Knock, Greenwood, Tooraree; and Relief Road in the town of Ballyhaunis all in the county of Mayo.

The road in southeast County Mayo is 20 km (12 mi) long (map of the road).

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
TAROM
TAROM (Romanian pronunciation: [taˈrom]; legally Compania Națională de Transporturi Aeriene Române TAROM S.A.) is the flag carrier and oldest currently operating airline of Romania, based in Otopeni near Bucharest. Its headquarters and its main hub are at Henri Coandă International Airport. It is currently the first and largest airline operating in Romania based on international destinations, international flights and the second-largest measured by fleet size and passengers carried.

The brand name is an acronym of the Romanian: Transporturile Aeriene Române (Romanian Air Transport). Over ninety-seven percent (97.22%) of TAROM is owned by the Romanian Government (Ministry of Transport). The airline transported almost 2.75 million passengers in 2018, with an average load factor of 74%. The airline joined SkyTeam on 25 June 2010.

Bucharest Băneasa Aurel Vlaicu International Airport
Aurel Vlaicu International Airport (IATA: BBU, ICAO: LRBS) (generally known as Băneasa Airport or Bucharest City Airport) is located in Băneasa district, Bucharest, Romania, 8.5 km (5.3 mi) north of the city center. Named after Aurel Vlaicu, a Romanian engineer, inventor, aeroplane constructor, and early pilot, it was Bucharest's only commercial airport until 1969, when the Otopeni Airport (today Henri Coandă International Airport) was opened to civilian use.

Until March 2012, when it was converted into a business airport, Aurel Vlaicu International was the second airport in Romania in terms of air traffic, and Bucharest's low-cost airline hub.
Puestow procedure
The Puestow procedure (also known as a Puestow-Gillesby procedure, or a lateral pancreaticojejunostomy) is a surgical technique used in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. It involves a side-to-side anastomosis of the pancreatic duct and the jejunum.

Frey's procedure
Frey's procedure is a surgical technique used in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis in which the diseased portions of the pancreas head are cored out. A lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LRLPJ) is then performed in which a loop of the jejunum is then mobilized and attached over the exposed pancreatic duct to allow better drainage of the pancreas, including its head.
Haryana Forest Department
Forests Department, Haryana is a department of the Government of Haryana, a state in India, that runs and maintains many protected nature areas in the state of Haryana. It has two administrative divisions: Forest and Wildlife. The department is responsible for maintaining National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Conservation Reserves in Haryana.
It also provides a special emphasis on Soil and Moisture Conservation works in the hills to conserve water and deliver it to adjacent farmlands. Two National Parks, eight Wildlife Sanctuaries, two Conservation Reserves, four Animal & Bird Breeding Centres, one Deer park, and 49 herbal parks. Kanwar Pal Gujjar has been the cabinet minister responsible for this department since October 2019. constitute the Protected Area network of the department, covering 0.75% of the state. It also maintains a list of Protected Areas in Haryana.

Aravalli Range
The Aravalli Range (also spelled Aravali) is a mountain range in north-western India. running approximately 670 km (420 mi) in a south-west direction, starting near Delhi, passing through southern Haryana and Rajasthan, and ending in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The highest peak is Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu, Rajasthan at 1,722 m (5,650 ft). The Aravalli Range is the oldest fold-mountain belt in India, dating back to the Paleoproterozoic era.
John F. Burke
John Francis Burke (July 22, 1922 – November 2, 2011) was an American medical researcher at Harvard University widely known for his co-invention of synthetic skin in 1981, together with Dr. Ioannis V. Yannas.





Burke was also widely noted for developing a system of infection control in hospitals and showing that antibiotics given before surgery lower risks of post-operative infections. Burke was head of the Shriners Burns Institute and chief of trauma services at Massachusetts General Hospital, a professor of surgery at Harvard University.

Ioannis Yannas
Ioannis V. Yannas (14 April 1935 – 19 October 2025) was a Greek-American engineer and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Yannas emigrated to the United States to pursue undergraduate and graduate degrees completing his bachelor's at Harvard College in 1957, a Master of Arts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959, then a master's of science and doctorate at Princeton University in 1965 and 1966, respectively.

He was a member of the National Academy of Medicine and Engineering, elected in 1978 and 2017, respectively. He was elected a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 1993, and inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2015.

Yannas is known for the invention, with John F. Burke, of synthetic skin.

Yannas died on 19 October 2025, at the age of 90.
Johan Neerman
Johan Neerman (born 24 May 1959) is a Belgian architect, industrial designer and systems thinker. He works with naval architecture, appropriate technology, transport design, cultural concepts and arts, systems thinking.

Philippe Neerman
Philippe Neerman (1930–2011) was a Belgian industrial designer and President of Industrial Design Planning Office Philippe Neerman & Co. N.V.\S.A. He was known for his application of ergonomics in public transportation systems and his work on major projects such as the Royal Library of Belgium, the Royal Castle of Laeken, and the Royal Palace of Brussels. He also participated in the international Design Biennale Interieur in Courtray, Belgium. He mainly focused on transportation and made designs for metros and trams including the Euro Tram, the Brussels Metro, and the Metro in Barcelona. His work has been incorporated into a diverse collection of museums, including the Ghent Design Museum.
Protest policing
Protest policing or public order policing is part of a state’s response to political dissent and social movements. Police maintenance of public order during protest is an essential component of liberal democracy, with military response to protest being more common under authoritarian regimes.

Australasian, European, and North American democratic states have all experienced increased surveillance of protest movements and more militarized protest policing since 1995 and through the first decades of the 21st century.

Criminalization of dissent is legislation or law enforcement that penalizes political dissent. It may also be accomplished through media that controls public discourse to delegitimize critics of the state. Study of protest criminalization places protest policing in a broader framework of criminology and sociology of law.

Military response to protest
Military response to protest is the intervention of a state’s military in mass demonstrations of political dissent.

Protests are sometimes contained by protest policing. When police forces are unable to contain protests, state leaders are likely to call on the military to intervene. 
Armies ordered to intervene in domestic protests may obey orders, refuse to intervene, or intervene conditionally. Soldiers' training conditions them for violent response, making military intervention in protests more likely to result in civilian casualties than protest policing.