hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slope mining
Slope mining is a method of accessing valuable geological material, such as coal or ore.  A sloping access shaft travels downwards towards the desired material. Slope mines differ from shaft and drift mines, which access resources by tunneling straight down or horizontally, respectively.  In slope mining, the primary access to the mine is on an incline.  Mine hoists may still be used to raise and lower loads on the incline if it is steep, but on shallower slopes, conveyor belts, locomotives or trucks may do the work.  Drainage and ventilation of slope mines may be done using the primary slope, or it may be done using auxiliary shafts or bore-holes.

Drift mining
Drift mining is either the mining of an ore deposit by underground methods, or the working of coal seams accessed by adits driven into the surface outcrop of the coal bed.  A drift mine is an underground mine in which the entry or access is above water level and generally on the slope of a hill, driven horizontally into the ore seam.

Drift is a more general mining term, meaning a near-horizontal passageway in a mine, following the bed (of coal, for instance) or vein of ore. A drift may or may not intersect the ground surface. A drift follows the vein, as distinguished from a crosscut that intersects it, or a level or gallery, which may do either.  All horizontal or subhorizontal development openings made in a mine have the generic name of drift. These are simply tunnels made in the rock, with a size and shape depending on their use—for example, haulage, ventilation, or exploration.
Yokoyama Station (Hyōgo)
Yokoyama Station (横山駅, Yokoyama-eki) is a passenger railway station  located in the city of Sanda, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company, Kobe Electric Railway (Shintetsu).

Sanda, Hyōgo
Sanda (三田市, Sanda-shi) is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2022, the city had an estimated population of 108,452 in 47,018 households and a population density of 520 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 210.32 square kilometres (81.21 sq mi).
Bernoulli process
In probability and statistics, a Bernoulli process (named after Jacob Bernoulli) is a finite or infinite sequence of binary random variables, so it is a discrete-time stochastic process that takes only two values, canonically 0 and 1. The component Bernoulli variables Xi are identically distributed and independent.  Prosaically, a Bernoulli process is a repeated coin flipping, possibly with an unfair coin (but with consistent unfairness).  Every variable Xi in the sequence is associated with a Bernoulli trial or experiment. They all have the same Bernoulli distribution. Much of what can be said about the Bernoulli process can also be generalized to more than two outcomes (such as the process for a six-sided die); this generalization is known as the Bernoulli scheme.

The problem of determining the process, given only a limited sample of Bernoulli trials, may be called the problem of checking whether a coin is fair.

Measure-preserving dynamical system
In mathematics, a measure-preserving dynamical system is an object of study in the abstract formulation of dynamical systems, and ergodic theory in particular. Measure-preserving systems obey the Poincaré recurrence theorem, and are a special case of conservative systems. They provide the formal, mathematical basis for a broad range of physical systems, and, in particular, many systems from classical mechanics (in particular, most non-dissipative systems) as well as systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Abell 2218
Abell 2218 is a large cluster of galaxies over 2 billion light-years away in the constellation Draco.

Acting as a powerful lens, it magnifies and distorts all galaxies lying behind the cluster core into long arcs. The lensed galaxies are all stretched along the cluster's center and some of them are multiply imaged. Those multiple images usually appear as a pair of images with a third — generally fainter — counter image, as is the case for the very distant object. The lensed galaxies are particularly numerous, as we are looking in between two mass clumps, in a saddle region where the magnification is quite large.

Draco (constellation)
Draco is a constellation in the far northern sky. Its name is Latin for dragon. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century Greek astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. The north pole of the ecliptic is in Draco. Draco is circumpolar from northern latitudes, meaning that it never sets and can be seen at any time of year.
Asayita (woreda)
Asayita is a woreda in Afar Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 1, Asayita is bordered on the south by Afambo, on the west by Dubti, then on the north by the Awash River which separates it from Elidar, and on the east by Djibouti. The major town in Asayita is Asayita.

Part of the shoreline of Lake Gargori lie within the boundaries of this woreda.

Elidar (woreda)
Elidar (also spelled Eli Da'ar) is a woreda in Afar Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 1, Elidar is bordered on the south by the Awash River which separates it from Asayita, on the west by Dubti, on the northwest by Kori, on the north by the Administrative Zone 2, on the northeast by Eritrea, and on the east by Djibouti. Towns in Elidar include Bure, Diche Oto, Elidar and Manda.
Social polling
Social polling is a form of open access polling, which combines social media and opinion polling. In contrast to tradition polling the polls are formulated by the respondents themselves.

Social polling is an example of nonprobability sampling that uses self-selection rather than a statistical sampling scheme. Social polling also allows quick feedback since responses are obtained via social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and blogs. A sentiment analytics tool can be employed to monitor the poll or the topics of discussion. This method can evaluate information obtained via social media posts through two paradigms: "top down" and "bottom up".

Open-access poll
An open-access poll is a type of opinion poll in which a nonprobability sample of participants self-select into participation. The term includes call-in, mail-in, and some online polls.

The most common examples of open-access polls ask people to phone a number, click a voting option on a website, or return a coupon cut from a newspaper. By contrast, professional polling companies use a variety of techniques to attempt to ensure that the polls they conduct are representative, reliable and scientific. The most glaring difference between an open-access poll and a scientific poll is that scientific polls typically randomly select their samples and sometimes use statistical weights to make them representative of the target population.
Dublin county hurling team
The Dublin county hurling team represents Dublin in hurling and is governed by Dublin GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship and the National Hurling League.

Dublin's home ground is Parnell Park, Donnycarney. The team's manager is Niall Ó Ceallacháin.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 2013, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 1938 and the National League in 2011.

2024 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship
The 2024 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship is the 137th edition of the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Leinster Council in 1888 and is the highest-tier of Hurling for senior county teams in Leinster (as well as Connacht and Ulster). It is contested by six Leinster affiliated GAA county teams ranked 1–6 in the 2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.

Kilkenny were the defending champions having defeated Galway in the 2023 final.
Moore Park Golf Course
Moore Park Golf Course is a 18-hole public golf club and driving range in Moore Park, New South Wales, Australia.

Mount Rennie is the heritage-listed Moore Park Golf House that was opened on 19 June 1926. The Golf House is a two-storey brick building with tiled roof and features a restaurant and bar with views of the golf course and a 150-seat function centre with views towards the city of Sydney.

Moore Park, New South Wales
Moore Park is a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney  located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the CBD, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of local government area of the City of Sydney.

Moore Park is also a large area of parkland that is part of Centennial Parklands, a collective of three parks being Moore Park, Centennial Park and Queen's Park. Centennial Parklands is administered by the Centennial Park & Moore Park Trust, a NSW government agency. The only exception is the land on which the Sydney Cricket Ground and Sydney Football Stadium are sited; these stadiums are managed by the Sydney Cricket Ground Trust.
Aukrug (Amt)
Aukrug is a former Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Aukrug. It was disbanded on 1 January 2012 along with the Hanerau-Hademarschen, the Amt Hohenwestedt-Land and Hohenwestedt to become Mittelholstein.

The Amt Aukrug consisted of the following municipalities:

Arpsdorf

Aukrug

Ehndorf

Padenstedt

Hanerau-Hademarschen (Amt)
Hanerau-Hademarschen is a former Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt was in Hanerau-Hademarschen. It was disbanded in January 2012 together with the Amt Aukrug, Amt Hohenwestedt-Land and Hohenwestedt to become Mittelholstein.

The Amt Hanerau-Hademarschen consisted of the following municipalities:

Beldorf

Bendorf

Bornholt

Gokels

Hanerau-Hademarschen

Lütjenwestedt

Oldenbüttel

Seefeld

Steenfeld

Tackesdorf

Thaden
Ifangni
Ifangni  [i.fɑ̃.ɲi] is a town, arrondissement, and commune in the Plateau Department of south-eastern Benin. The commune covers an area of 242 square kilometres and as of 2002 had a population of 113,749 (2013) people.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Oreca
ORECA (Organisation Exploitation Compétition Automobiles) is a French racing team and race car constructor, founded in 1973 and run by Hugues de Chaunac, former team manager of F1 team AGS. Oreca has had success in many areas of motorsport. Since the early 1990s, the team has concentrated on running sports cars and GT cars.

European Le Mans Series
The European Le Mans Series (abbreviated as ELMS) is a European sports car racing endurance series inspired by the 24 Hours of Le Mans race organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO).  The European Le Mans Series is similar to the former American Le Mans Series (ALMS) based in the United States and Canada that was running with ACO and IMSA between 1999 and 2013.  ELMS team champions and runners-up receive an automatic entry to the following year's 24 Hours of Le Mans.  Originally titled the Le Mans Endurance Series before becoming simply the Le Mans Series in 2006, the series was renamed once more in 2012, reusing a name previously utilized by IMSA in 2001.
Tailem Bend, South Australia
Tailem Bend (locally, "Tailem") is a rural town in South Australia, 85 kilometres (53 miles) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide. It is located on the lower reaches of the River Murray, near where the river flows into Lake Alexandrina. It is linear in layout since it is constrained by river cliffs on its western side and the Adelaide–Melbourne railway line is dominant on its eastern side. The town grew and consolidated through being a large railway centre between the 1890s and 1990s; now it continues to service regional rural communities. In the 2021 census, Tailem Bend and the surrounding area had a population of 1,705.

Dukes Highway
Dukes Highway is a 190 kilometre highway corridor in South Australia, which is part of the link between the Australian cities of Adelaide and Melbourne. It is part of the National Highway system spanning Australia, and is signed as route A8.
Cyprus DLR station
Cyprus is a station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) located in Cyprus, to the south of Beckton area of Newham, east London. The area is named after the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The station serves the University of East London Docklands Campus and the eastern end of the north quay of the Royal Albert Dock.

The station is located on the DLR's Beckton branch, between Beckton Park and Gallions Reach stations. It is in London fare zone 3. It is served by DLR services from Tower Gateway to Beckton.

Beckton
Beckton is a suburb in East London, England, located eight miles (thirteen kilometres) east of Charing Cross and part of the London Borough of Newham. Adjacent to the River Thames, the area consisted of unpopulated marshland known as the East Ham Levels in the parishes of Barking, East Ham, West Ham and Woolwich. The development of major industrial infrastructure in the 19th century to support the growing metropolis of London caused an increase in population with housing built in the area for workers of the Beckton Gas Works and Beckton Sewage Treatment Works. The area has a convoluted local government history and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. Between 1981 and 1995 it was within the London Docklands Development Corporation area, which caused the population to increase as new homes were built and the Docklands Light Railway was constructed.
History of Harringay (1880–present)
The advance of late Victorian urbanisation during the last twenty years of the 19th century swept away the 18th and early 19th-century houses, their grounds and the farmland. By 1900 Harringay was completely urbanised.

Harringay railway station
Harringay railway station is in Harringay in the London Borough of Haringey, north London. It is on the Great Northern route that forms part of the East Coast Main Line, 3 miles 32 chains (5.5 km) down the line from London King's Cross, and is situated between Finsbury Park to the south and Hornsey to the north. It opened on 1 May 1885.

Harringay is managed and served by Great Northern. It is a short distance from Harringay Green Lanes railway station on the London Overground network.
Gukeng
23°39′N 120°34′E﻿ / ﻿23.650°N 120.567°E﻿ / 23.650; 120.567

Gukeng Township (Chinese: 古坑鄉; pinyin: Gǔkēng Xiāng; Wade–Giles: KuL3-k'eng1 Hsiang1) is a rural township in the easternmost part of Yunlin County, Taiwan. It is the largest township in the county.

Caoling
Caoling (Chinese: 草嶺; pinyin: Cǎolǐng) is a rural village in Gukeng Township, Yunlin County, Taiwan. It is 450 metres (1,476 ft) to 1,750 metres (5,741 ft) above sea level. The area measures approximately one thousand hectares.

Mountains around Caoling are prone to landslides, and four barrier lakes have formed around the area. The most recent one, New Caoling Lake, existed between 1999 and 2004.
Christian tourism
Christian tourism is a subcategory of religious tourism which is geared towards Christians. As one of the largest branches of religious tourism, it is estimated that seven percent of the world's Christians—about 168 million people—are "on the move as pilgrims" each year.

Religious tourism
Religious tourism, spiritual tourism, sacred tourism, or faith tourism, is a type of tourism with two main subtypes: pilgrimage, meaning travel for religious or spiritual purposes, and the viewing of religious monuments and artefacts, a branch of sightseeing.
Dhanwar, Giridih
'Dhanwar, also known as Rajdhanwar due to it being an erstwhile state under Maharaja Maheshwari prasad narayan deo,is a nagar panchayat in the Dhanwar CD block in the Khori Mahua subdivision of the Giridih district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Khori mahua subdivision is located in Dhanwar.
Rajdhanwar (Khori mahua) subdivision's population is in between 13 to 14 lakh by 2026.Dhanwar nagar panchayat is formed in 2019. It is a busiest business destination in the district Giridih.
Dhanwar is surrounded by river from three sides. This town is very famous for Hindu festival Chhath puja in Jharkhand state. The Maharaja of dhanwar started chhath puja on this ghat which today is known as raj ghat. Each year, around 4 lakh people visit Dhanwar “Rajghat" during the festival. Decoration of Rajghat occurs at huge-level that fascinates the visitors.

Giridih district
Giridih district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Giridih is the administrative headquarters of this district. As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Jharkhand (out of 24), after Ranchi and Dhanbad.
Neff Maiava
Neff Alfred Maiava (May 1, 1924 – April 21, 2018) was an American Samoan professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances in the United States with the Honolulu, Hawaii-based promotion 50th State Big Time Wrestling in the late-1950s and 1960s.

Ray Gunkel
Raymond Fred Gunkel (February 16, 1924 - August 1, 1972) was an American amateur and professional wrestler and promoter in the state of Georgia. Gunkel was a two-time AAU national champion and, as a professional, a three-time NWA Texas Heavyweight Champion. He died of heart trauma after a match in Savannah, Georgia, in which he defeated Ox Baker.
Characteristic (algebra)
In mathematics, the characteristic of a ring R, often denoted char(R), is defined to be the smallest positive number of copies of the ring's multiplicative identity (1) that will sum to the additive identity (0). If no such number exists, the ring is said to have characteristic zero.

That is, char(R) is the smallest positive number n such that:(p 198, Thm. 23.14)

if such a number n exists, and 0 otherwise.

Subring
In mathematics, a subring of a ring R is a subset of R that is itself a ring when binary operations of addition and multiplication on R are restricted to the subset, and that shares the same multiplicative identity as R.
Vantage Master
Vantage Master is a 1997 tactical role-playing game by Nihon Falcom. The game was never released outside of Asia. A sequel, Vantage Master V2, was released in 1998, featuring new maps and adjusted character balance but an unchanged overall game design. The English version of V2 was made available as a free download as of 2002 under the title Vantage Master Online. Another sequel, VM Japan, was released in 2002.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.
Radio Beijing International
Radio Beijing International (Chinese: 北京外语广播, literally Beijing Foreign Language Broadcast) is a radio station which broadcasts on FM92.3 AM774.  The radio station is part of the Radio Beijing Corporation.

There are many languages represented on this radio station including Japanese and English with the commercials, announcements and station identification done in Mandarin Chinese.

Beijing Radio and Television Station
Beijing Radio and Television Station (BRTV), formerly Beijing Media Network (BMN), is a government-owned television network in China. It broadcasts from Beijing. The channel is available only in Chinese. Broadcasts in Beijing are on AM, FM, cable FM, digital radio, digital TV and online.

Beijing Media Network was founded on 16 May 1979. It covers China, Asia and North America. China Central Television was called Beijing Television from 1958 to 1978.

BTV started satellite broadcasts on 1 January 1998, during the drive caused by regional television stations to begin nationwide broadcasting and in line with the government's plan to increase the percentage of television viewers from 85% to 90% by 2000.

In October 2022, BRTV took a minority ownership stake in Kuaishou.
Roosevelt Mall
Roosevelt Mall is a medium-sized outdoor shopping mall, located along Pennsylvania Route 73 (Cottman Avenue) between Bustleton Avenue west end and U.S. Route 1 (Roosevelt Boulevard) in the east end, or Rhawnhurst neighborhood, of Northeast Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The mall has 45 stores and services.  It is currently anchored by a large, three-level Macy's department store on its east end.  Since 2015, the mall has featured a flea market on Saturdays during the summer.

Northeast Philadelphia
Northeast Philadelphia, nicknamed Northeast Philly, the Great Northeast, and known colloquially as simply "the Northeast", is a section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. According to the 2000 census, Northeast Philadelphia has a population of between 300,000 and 450,000, depending on how the area is defined. The Northeast is known as being home to a large and diverse working class population, including Polish, German, Jewish, Russian, African American, Brazilian, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Guatemalan, Ukrainian, Indian, Chinese, Irish, and Vietnamese neighborhoods.
I. F. Stone
Isidor Feinstein Stone (December 24, 1907 – June 18, 1989) was an American investigative journalist, writer, and author.

Known for his politically progressive views, Stone is best remembered for I. F. Stone's Weekly (1953–1971), a newsletter which the New York University journalism department in 1999 ranked 16th among the top hundred works of journalism in the U.S. in the twentieth century and second place among print journalism publications.

Myra MacPherson
Myra Lea MacPherson (May 31, 1934 – February 2, 2026) was an American author, biographer and journalist known for writing about politics, the Vietnam War, feminism and death and dying. Although her work has appeared in many publications, she had a long affiliation with  The Washington Post newspaper. She was hired in 1968 by Post executive editor Ben Bradlee to write for the paper's Style section, and remained with the Post for over two decades until 1991. She continued writing after leaving the Post, winning a number of awards. She died in 2026.
Adelaide Rams
The Adelaide Rams were an Australian professional rugby league football club based in Adelaide, South Australia. The team was formed in 1995 for the planned rebel Super League competition. The Rams lasted two seasons, the first in the Super League competition in 1997 and the second in the first season of the National Rugby League (NRL) in 1998. The Rams were not a successful club, winning only 13 out of 42 games. However crowd numbers in the first season were the fifth highest of any first-grade club that year, but dwindled to sixteenth in the second season. The Adelaide club was shut down at the end of the 1998 season as a result of poor on-field performances, dwindling crowd numbers, financial losses and a reduction in the number of teams in the NRL. They remain the only team from the state of South Australia to have participated in top-level rugby league in Australia.

Hindmarsh Stadium
Hindmarsh Stadium (also known as Coopers Stadium under naming rights) is a multi-purpose stadium in Hindmarsh, an inner western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is the home of the Australian A-League team, Adelaide United.

The stadium has a capacity of 16,500, of which 15,000 is seated, and is home to professional football (soccer) A-League team Adelaide United, who regularly fill this capacity, and averaged crowds of over 12,000 to its matches during the 2006-07 and 2007-08 seasons. United used the stadium for its home matches in both the league and in various AFC Champions League campaigns. The venue hosted five matches during the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup and underwent a redevelopment to the eastern stand in preparation.