hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Missouri River Runner
The Missouri River Runner is a 283-mile (455 km) passenger train service operated by Amtrak in Missouri between Gateway Transportation Center in St. Louis and Union Station in Kansas City. The eastern half of the route runs largely along the right bank of the Missouri River.

First introduced in 1980 as the Kansas City Mule and St. Louis Mule, the Missouri River Runner received its current name in 2009. As of 2023, there are two daily round trips between Kansas City and St. Louis, with one continuing north to Chicago Union Station as a Lincoln Service train. These services fall under the Amtrak Midwest brand.

Amtrak Midwest
Amtrak Midwest is a brand name applied by Amtrak to its state-supported routes in the Midwest states of Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Missouri. As of May 2024, Amtrak Midwest consists of eleven named trains:

Borealis

Hiawatha

Illinois Service: Lincoln Service, Illinois Zephyr and Carl Sandburg, and Illini and Saluki

Michigan Services: Blue Water, Wolverine, and Pere Marquette

Missouri River Runner

The routes generally form a hub-and-spoke network around Chicago Union Station, with all trains terminating there except for one Missouri River Runner round trip.

Other routes in development include the Quad Cities and Northern Lights Express.
Underwater Rugby World Championships
The Underwater Rugby World Championships is the peak international event for the underwater sport of underwater rugby.  The event is conducted on behalf of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) by an affiliated national federation.  The championships was first held in 1980.

Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques
Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS; known in English as the World Underwater Federation) is an international federation that represents underwater activities in underwater sport and underwater sciences, and oversees an international system of recreational snorkel and scuba diver training and recognition.  Its foundation in Monaco during January 1959 makes it one of the world's oldest underwater diving organisations.
Heah Joo Seang
Heah Joo Seang (simplified Chinese: 连裕祥; traditional Chinese: 連裕祥; pinyin: Lián Yùxiáng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liân Jū-siông) was a Malayan politician, business leader, rubber magnate, philanthropist and especially a supporter of education. Malaysia, as it has since become, only existed after Joo Seang's death. His contributions span three distinct periods in the country's history: the British Malaya period, the Malayan Union period, and the Federation of Malaya period.

Rubber Trade Association of Penang
The Rubber Trade Association of Penang (槟城树胶公会), one of the oldest surviving rubber trade associations in the country, represents the interests of members of the rubber trade in the state. It is also known as the Penang Rubber Trade Association.
SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Kannada
SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Kannada is presented by Vibri media group as part of its annual South Indian International Movie Awards, for best acting done by an actress in Kannada films, who are selected by the jury. The award was first given in 2012 for films released in 2011.

South Indian International Movie Awards
The South Indian International Movie Awards (SIIMA)  rewards the artistic and technical achievements of the South Indian film industry. It was launched in 2012 by Vishnu Vardhan Induri and Brinda Prasad Adusimilli to appreciate and honour film makers from across the South Indian film industries: Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema, and Kannada cinema, and provide a platform to promote South Indian films in international markets.
Indio viejo
Indio viejo ("old Indian") is a traditional dish from Nicaragua dating back to the pre-Columbian era. It is a stew or thick soup made out of maize mixed with tomatoes, achiote, onions, garlic, shredded meat, and herbs. Indio viejo originated from Nicarao natives living on Ometepe Island, who before Spanish arrival, made the dish with meats and ingredients that are native to the region, such as maize, tomatoes, achiote, and herbs, along with deer, turkey, or iguana meat. The dish is one of the oldest and most established in Nicaraguan cuisine. It is similar to a porridge. It was also eaten extensively during the colonial era and a mortar was used to prepare the dish.

Nicaraguan cuisine
Nicaraguan cuisine includes a mixture of Mesoamerican, Chibcha, Spanish, Caribbean, and African cuisine. Despite the blending and incorporation of pre-Columbian, Spanish and African influences, traditional cuisine differs from the western half of Nicaragua to the eastern half. Western Nicaraguan cuisine revolves around the Mesoamerican diet of the Chorotega and Nicarao people such as maize, tomatoes, avocados, turkey, squash, beans, chili, and chocolate, in addition to potatoes which were cultivated by the Chibcha people originating from South America and introduced meats like pork and chicken. Eastern Nicaraguan cuisine consists mostly of seafood and coconut.
The national dish of Nicaragua is gallo pinto.
Cardwell (federal electoral district)
Cardwell, a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario, was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904. Cardwell is sometimes also considered one of Ontario's historic counties, as Cardwell was listed in some post-Confederation census records as a county of residence.

Cardwell consisted of the Simcoe County townships of Adjala and Mono, and the Peel County townships of Albion (including the town of Bolton) and Caledon.

The Cardwell electoral district was abolished in 1903 when it was redistributed between Dufferin, Peel and Simcoe South ridings.

Former counties of Ontario
The Canadian province of Ontario has several historic counties, which are past census divisions that no longer exist today. Most historic counties either merged with other counties, or became regional municipalities or single-tier municipalities. Although counties had existed prior to 1849, after 1849 they replaced the district systems in administering local government and courts in Ontario.

The county system is used in southern, southwestern and eastern sections of the province of Ontario. There are no counties in Northern Ontario due to sparse population and a long-standing boundary dispute with the Northwest Territories (that was not resolved until 1912).
Irregular z-buffer
The irregular z-buffer is an algorithm designed to solve the visibility problem in real-time 3-d computer graphics. It is related to the classical z-buffer in that it maintains a depth value for each image sample and uses these to determine which geometric elements of a scene are visible. The key difference, however, between the classical z-buffer and the irregular z-buffer is that the latter allows arbitrary placement of image samples in the image plane, whereas the former requires samples to be arranged in a regular grid.

These depth samples are explicitly stored in a two-dimensional spatial data structure. During rasterization, triangles are projected onto the image plane as usual, and the data structure is queried to determine which samples overlap each projected triangle. Finally, for each overlapping sample, the standard z-compare and (conditional) frame buffer update are performed.

Z-buffering
A z-buffer, also known as a depth buffer, is a type of data buffer used in computer graphics to store the depth information of fragments. The values stored represent the distance to the camera, with 0 being the closest. The encoding scheme may be flipped with the highest number being the value closest to camera.

In a 3D-rendering pipeline, when an object is projected on the screen, the depth (z-value) of a generated fragment in the projected screen image is compared to the value already stored in the buffer (depth test), and replaces it if the new value is closer. It works in tandem with the rasterizer, which computes the colored values. The fragment output by the rasterizer is saved if it is not overlapped by another fragment.

Z-buffering is a technique used in almost all contemporary computers, laptops, and mobile phones for generating 3D computer graphics. The primary use now is for video games, which require fast and accurate processing of 3D scenes.
8×64mm S
The 8×64mm S (also unofficially known as the 8×64mm S Brenneke) (the S means it is intended for 8.2 mm (.323 in) groove diameter bullets) is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire cartridge developed as a military service round for the German Army who never issued it. As is customary in European cartridges the 8 denotes the 8 mm bullet caliber and the 64 denotes the 64 mm (2.52 in) case length.

The 8×64mm is a hunting cartridge in central Europe and can due to its 87.5 mm (3.445 in) maximal overall length fairly easily be chambered in standard sized military Mauser Gewehr 98 bolt-action rifles. In such military M98 bolt actions the magazine boxes, however, have to be adapted by a competent gunsmith to function properly with the 8×64mm S cartridge, since the M98 internal magazine boxes feature an internal magazine length of 84 mm (3.31 in).

8×68mm S
The 8×68mm S rebated rim bottlenecked centerfire rifle cartridge was developed in the 1930s by August Schüler of the August Schüler Waffenfabrik, Suhl, Germany as a magnum hunting cartridge that would just fit and function in standard-sized Mauser 98 bolt-action rifles. The bore has the same lands and grooves diameters as the German 7.92×57mm Mauser service cartridge (designated as "S-bore"). This is one of the early examples where a completely new rifle cartridge (the 6.5×68mm and 8×68mm S have no other cartridge as parent case) was developed by a gunsmith to fit a specific popular and widespread type of rifle.
Québec—Montmorency
Québec—Montmorency (French pronunciation: [kebɛk mɔ̃mɔʁɑ̃si]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1924 from parts of Charlevoix—Montmorency and Quebec County ridings.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Louis-Hébert, Montmorency and Portneuf ridings.

Montmorency (federal electoral district)
Montmorency (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃mɔʁɑ̃si] ⓘ; also known as Montmorency—Orléans, Beauport—Montmorency—Orléans, and Beauport—Montmorency—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île-d'Orléans) was a federal electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1917, and from 1968 to 2004.
Polytomous Rasch model
The polytomous Rasch model is generalization of the dichotomous Rasch model.  It is a measurement model that has potential application in any context in which the objective is to measure a trait or ability through a process in which responses to items are scored with successive integers.  For example, the model is applicable to the use of Likert scales, rating scales, and to educational assessment items for which successively higher integer scores are intended to indicate increasing levels of competence or attainment.

Rating scale
A rating scale is a set of categories designed to obtain information about a quantitative or a qualitative attribute. In the social sciences, particularly psychology, common examples are the Likert response scale and 0-10 rating scales, where a person selects the number that reflecting the perceived quality of a product.
Ronnie McCoury
Ronald Delano McCoury, known as Ronnie McCoury, (born March 16, 1967) is an American mandolin player, singer, and songwriter.  He is the son of bluegrass musician Del McCoury, and is best known for his work with the Del McCoury Band
and the Travelin' McCourys.

Ricky Skaggs
Rickie Lee Skaggs (born July 18, 1954), known professionally as Ricky Skaggs, is an American neotraditional country and bluegrass singer, musician, producer, and composer. He primarily plays mandolin, but he also plays fiddle, guitar, and banjo.

Skaggs was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016 and both the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2018. On January 13, 2021, Skaggs was announced to have been awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Donald Trump, alongside fellow country musician Toby Keith.
Benzil
Benzil (i.e. Bz2, systematically known as 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-dione) is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CO)2, generally abbreviated (PhCO)2. This yellow solid is one of the most common diketones. Its main use is as a photoinitiator in polymer chemistry.

Dicarbonyl
In organic chemistry, a dicarbonyl is a molecule containing two carbonyl (C=O) groups. Although this term could refer to any organic compound containing two carbonyl groups, it is used more specifically to describe molecules in which both carbonyls are in close enough proximity that their reactivity is changed, such as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dicarbonyls. Their properties often differ from those of monocarbonyls, and so they are usually considered functional groups of their own. These compounds can have symmetrical or unsymmetrical substituents on each carbonyl, and may also be functionally symmetrical (dialdehydes, diketones, diesters, etc.) or unsymmetrical (keto-esters, keto-acids, etc.).
Melinda Duer
Melinda Jane Duer FRSC is Professor of Biological and Biomedical Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, and was the first woman to be appointed to an academic position in the department. Her research investigates changes in molecular structure of the extracellular matrix in tissues in disease and during ageing. She serves as Deputy Warden of Robinson College, Cambridge. She is an editorial board member of the Journal of Magnetic Resonance.

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a spectroscopy technique used to characterize atomic-level structure and dynamics in solid materials. ssNMR spectra are broader due to nuclear spin interactions which can be categorized as dipolar coupling, chemical shielding, quadrupolar interactions, and j-coupling. These interactions directly affect the lines shapes of experimental ssNMR spectra which can be seen in powder and dipolar patterns. There are many essential solid-state techniques alongside advanced ssNMR techniques that may be applied to elucidate the fundamental aspects of solid materials. ssNMR is often combined with magic angle spinning (MAS) to remove anisotropic interactions and improve the sensitivity of the technique. The applications of ssNMR further extend to biology and medicine.
Mountain Meadow, Utah
Mountain Meadow or Mountain Meadows, is an area in present-day Washington County, Utah. It was a place of rest and grazing used by pack trains and drovers, on the Old Spanish Trail and later Mormons, Forty-niners, mail riders, migrants and teamsters on the Mormon Road on their way overland between Utah and California.

Mormon Road
Mormon Road, also known to the 49ers as the Southern Route, of the California Trail in the Western United States, was a seasonal wagon road pioneered by a Mormon party from Salt Lake City, Utah led by Jefferson Hunt, that followed the route of Spanish explorers and the Old Spanish Trail across southwestern Utah, northwestern Arizona, southern Nevada and the Mojave Desert of California to Los Angeles in 1847. From 1855, it became a military and commercial wagon route between California and Utah, called the Los Angeles – Salt Lake Road. In later decades this route was variously called the "Old Mormon Road", the "Old Southern Road", or the "Immigrant Road" in California. In Utah, Arizona and Nevada it was known as the "California Road".
Taegwan County
Taegwan County is a kun, or county, in northeastern North P'yŏngan province, North Korea.  It lies in the province's interior, and is bounded by Tongch'ang on the east, Kusŏng and T'aech'ŏn to the south, Ch'ŏnma to the west, and Ch'angsŏng and Sakchu to the north. It was created in 1952 from portions of Sakchu county.

Chonma County
Ch'ŏnma County is a kun, or county, in northwestern North P'yŏngan province, North Korea.  It borders Kusŏng city and Taegwan county to the east, Sonch'ŏn and Tongrim counties to the south, Ŭiju and P'ihyŏn counties to the west, and Sakchu county to the north. It was created in 1952 from parts of Kusŏng and Ŭiju.
Kay (Arthurian legend)
In Arthurian legend, Kay /ˈkeɪ/ (Welsh: Cai, Middle Welsh Kei or Cei; Latin: Caius; French: Keu; Old French: Kès or Kex) is King Arthur's foster brother and later seneschal, as well as one of the first Knights of the Round Table. In later literature he is known for his acid tongue and bullying, boorish behaviour, but in earlier accounts he was one of Arthur's premier warriors. Along with Bedivere, with whom he is frequently associated, Kay is one of the earliest characters associated with Arthur. Kay's father is called Ector in later literature, but the Welsh accounts name him as Cynyr Ceinfarfog.

Culhwch and Olwen
Culhwch and Olwen (Welsh: Culhwch ac Olwen) is a Welsh tale that survives in only two manuscripts about a hero connected with Arthur and his warriors: a complete version in the Red Book of Hergest, c. 1400, and a fragmented version in the White Book of Rhydderch, c. 1325. It is the longest of the surviving Welsh prose tales. Lady Charlotte Guest included this tale among those she collected under the title The Mabinogion.
Ammonoceratites
Ammonoceratites is an extinct genus of ammonoid cephalopod known from the Albian (upper Lower Cretaceous) of British Columbia, Madagascar, New Zealand, and Japan, included in the Lytoceratidae.

The shell of Ammonoceratites is evolute, smooth, moderately expanded; the inner rim (dorsum) only slightly impressed; whorl section subcircular. It is similar to that of Lytoceras which has transverse ribbing and to that of Pictetia which is gyroconic (whorls not touching) and more strongly expanded.

Lytoceratidae
Lytoceratidae is a taxonomic family of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the suborder Lytoceratina, characterized by  very evolute shells that generally enlarge rapidly, having whorls in contact but mostly overlapping very sightly, or not at all.

Surface ornament may consist of various combinations of straight or crinkled growth lines, flares, constrictions, and, more rarely, plications. Sutures are highly complex and moss-like, but with few major elements. Lateral lobes are widely splayed and blunt, or with obliquely deflected end. The external, ventral, lobe is short.

The Lytoceratinae have a worldwide distribution and a stratigraphic range extending from the middle Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian) to the early Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian).
Suburban Conference (Wisconsin)
The Suburban Conference is a former high school athletic conference in Wisconsin, operating from 1925 to 1985 with its membership concentrated in the suburbs of Milwaukee. Its member schools were aligned with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Parkland Conference
The Parkland Conference is a former high school athletic conference with its membership concentrated in southeastern Wisconsin. It was in existence from 1963 to 2006 and all member schools were affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.
Lerche House
The LercheHouse (Danish: Den Lercheske Gård), also known as the Lerche Mansion (Lerches Palæ) and formerly as the Württembergsk Mansion (Württembergske Palæ), is a listed building in Slotsholmsgade on the island of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen, Denmark.

Slotsholmsgade
Slotsholmsgade (lit. "Slotsholm Street") is a street which runs along the rear side of Børsen on Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Located next to the Danish parliament building Christiansborg, most of the buildings in the street house government offices. Several of them date from the 17th and 18th century and are listed.
Sultan's Great Day
Sultan's Great Day (March 22, 1981 – March 22, 2004) was a black American Saddlebred stallion sired by Supreme Sultan, out of the mare Supremes Cassandra.  Great Day, as he was commonly called, was a twice World's Champion Fine Harness Stallion.  In his debut performance, he earned the title 1983 2-year-old World's Champion fine harness stallion.  Other prestigious wins followed during his 2 and 3 year old years.  He was retired to stud at the age of 4, but was shown a few more times in later years.  Great Day was referred to as "one of the most prolific sires of world's champions throughout the 1990s". He sired 387 registered offspring of which 106 were ribbon winners, 63 were futurity ribbon winners, and 24 went on to become champions in their respective disciplines.

Supreme Sultan
Supreme Sultan (March 12, 1966 – December 6, 1983) was an American Saddlebred stallion. He was a chestnut, and was sired by Valley View Supreme, out of Melody Olee. Sultan was sold to Barlite Farms as a yearling, was shown as a 2-year-old, but then repurchased and returned to Ruxer Farms. During his lifetime, he sired multiple champion offspring in nearly every division of American Saddlebred horse show competition and set leading sire records. Noted for his refinement and action, his impact as a sire modernized the Saddlebred breed in both the United States and South Africa. As a result of his influence on the breed, at his death he was buried at Kentucky Horse Park and a bronze statue of him stands atop his grave.
Erek Barron
Erek Lawrence Barron (born 1974) is an American attorney who served as the United States Attorney for the District of Maryland from 2021 to 2025. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 2015 to 2021, representing District 24 in Prince George's County, while practicing law as a private attorney. Barron was the first African American to serve as U.S. Attorney in Maryland. Prior to elected office, he served as a prosecutor at the state and federal levels and worked as a policy advisor in the U.S. Senate.

Roy McGrath
Roy C. McGrath (August 9, 1969 – April 3, 2023) was an American political operative who served as the director of the Maryland Environmental Service (MES) from 2016 to 2020, and as the chief of staff to Governor Larry Hogan from June to August 2020.

McGrath resigned as chief of staff after The Baltimore Sun reported that he had received a $233,647 severance payment after leaving the MES, which led federal and state prosecutors to open an investigation into McGrath's severance payments. In October 2021, he was indicted on charges including wire fraud, theft in programs receiving federal funds, and falsification of records. A three week long manhunt ensued after he did not appear for court, which led to a police chase in Tennessee in which McGrath was shot and killed by both himself and law enforcement at the same time.
Texas Review Press
Texas Review Press, also known as TRP: The University Press of SHSU, is a university press affiliated with Sam Houston State University, located in Huntsville, Texas. The press, which was founded in 1979, publishes the Texas Review (a periodical specializing in poetry, fiction, and creative nonfiction), as well as various scholarly books and monographs.

The Texas Review Press is a part of Sam Houston State University's College of Humanities and Social Sciences, and it releases around 20 books annually. Texas Review Press participates in Texas A&M University Press's Texas Book Consortium program. The press is also a member of the Association of University Presses and the Community of Literary Magazines and Presses (CLMP).

Texas A&M University Press
Texas A&M University Press (also known informally as TAMU Press) is a scholarly publishing house associated with Texas A&M University. It was founded in 1974 and is located in College Station, Texas, in the United States.