hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Warren Benfield
Warren A. Benfield (February 12, 1913–July 8, 2001) was a classical double bass player. He enjoyed a long career in the bass section of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and was a professor at Northwestern University.

Jeff Bradetich
Jeffrey David Bradetich (born 1957) is an American professor and performer of double bass. He currently teaches at the University of North Texas College of Music.  Bradetich made his New York City debut at the Carnegie Recital Hall (now called Weill Recital Hall) on November 22, 1982.  Since then, Bradetich has performed over 800 concerts and given more than 1300 master classes throughout the world, including the continents of South America, Europe, Africa and Asia.
Lavert Hill
Lavert Hill (born October 3, 1998) is an American football cornerback. He played college football at Michigan. He helped Martin Luther King High School earn the 2015 Michigan High School Athletic Association Division 2 championship and played in the 2016 U.S. Army All-American Bowl. He was recognized as the Lockheed Martin Air Defender of the Year as the nation's top high school defensive back. As a junior at Michigan, he was a 2018 All-Big Ten first-team selection by both the coaches and media. He is the younger brother of Lano Hill.

2018 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 2018 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen as All-Big Ten Conference players for the 2018 Big Ten Conference football season.  The conference recognizes two official All-Big Ten selectors: (1) the Big Ten conference coaches selected separate offensive and defensive units and named first-, second- and third-team players (the "Coaches" team); and (2) a panel of sports writers and broadcasters covering the Big Ten also selected offensive and defensive units and named first-, second- and third-team players (the "Media" team).
Norddalsfjord Bridge
Norddalsfjord Bridge (Norwegian: Norddalsfjordbrua) is a cantilever bridge that crosses the Norddalsfjorden in Kinn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is the only road (non-ferry) that connects Bremanger Municipality to the rest of the mainland. The bridge is 401 metres (1,316 ft) long, and the longest span is 230 metres (750 ft). The bridge was opened in 1987. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the town of Florø, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north of the village of Grov, and about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the village of Norddalsfjord.

Grov, Kinn
Grov is a small village in Kinn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. Grov lies along the Eikefjorden at the junction of the highways Rv.5 and Fv.614, just a couple kilometres south of the Norddalsfjord Bridge. Grov is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the village of Brandsøy and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the town of Florø along Rv.5, and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the west is the village of Eikefjord. The Tonheim-Grov area had 100 inhabitants in 2001.
Łuków County
Łuków County (Polish: powiat łukowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Łuków, which lies 76 kilometres (47 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin. The only other town in the county is Stoczek Łukowski, lying 30 km (19 mi) west of Łuków.

The county covers an area of 1,394.09 square kilometres (538.3 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 107,144, including 29,885, in Łuków, 2.520in Stoczek Łukowski, and a rural population is 74.739.

Stoczek Łukowski
Stoczek Łukowski [ˈstɔt͡ʂɛk wuˈkɔfskʲi] is a town in Łuków County, in Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland with 2,556 inhabitants (as of January 2018). The town is located upon the Świder River.

Stoczek Łukowski belongs to the historic province of Mazovia, in which it was part of the Land of Czersk. In the 15th century, it was property of Bishops of Poznań, and was named "Wola Poznańska". In the 16th century documents, it was also called "Sebastianowo", probably after Bishop of Poznań Sebastian Branicki. Current name came into use in the 17th century.
MV Abosso
MV Abosso was a passenger, mail, and cargo liner, the flagship of Elder Dempster Lines. In peacetime she ran scheduled services between Liverpool and West Africa. In the Second World War she was a troop ship, running between the United Kingdom, West Africa, and South Africa.

Abosso was built in 1935 and sunk by German submarine U-575 in 1942, killing 362 of the 393 people aboard. She carried the same name as an earlier Elder Dempster ship, SS Abosso, which had been built in 1912 and sunk by the submarine U-43 in 1917.

HNoMS Ula (1943)
HNoMS Ula, previously HMS Varne, a British-built U-class submarine, and a member of the third group of that class to be built. She never actually served under the name Varne, being transferred before commissioning to the exiled Royal Norwegian Navy as HNoMS Ula (S300). In 1944 she sank a German U-boat during one of her patrols off Norway. She remained in Norwegian service and was scrapped in 1965.
Shalom Auslander
Shalom Auslander (born 1970) is an American novelist, memoirist, and essayist. He grew up in a strict Orthodox Jewish neighborhood of Monsey, New York, where he describes himself as having been "raised like a veal". His writing style is notable for its existentialist themes, biting satire and black humor. His nonfiction often draws comparisons to David Sedaris, while his fiction has drawn comparisons to Franz Kafka, Samuel Beckett, and Groucho Marx. His books have been translated into over a dozen languages and are published around the world.

Foreskin's Lament: A Memoir
Foreskin's Lament: A Memoir is a book by Shalom Auslander. The book chronicles his upbringing as an ultra-Orthodox Jew, and his efforts to break free from it. Portions of the book have been featured in various media, including the PRI program This American Life.
Robert Smith (musician)
Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English musician who is the co-founder, lead vocalist, guitarist, primary songwriter, and only continuous member of the Cure, a post-punk band formed in 1976. His guitar-playing style (including his use of the Fender Bass VI), distinctive singing voice, and fashion sense (often sporting a pale complexion, smeared red lipstick, black eye-liner, unkempt wiry black hair, and all-black clothes) were highly influential on the goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.

Smith's other work includes playing the lead guitar as a member of Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and being the co-founder of the short-lived band the Glove in 1983. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Cure in 2019, and Rolling Stone magazine ranked him as the 157th greatest singer of all time in 2023.

Faith (The Cure album)
Faith is the third studio album by the English rock band the Cure, released on 17 April 1981 by Fiction Records. The album saw the band continuing in the gloomy vein of their previous effort Seventeen Seconds (1980). This stylistic theme would conclude with their next album Pornography (1982).

Preceded by the single "Primary", the album was well received by critics and was a commercial success in the UK, peaking at number fourteen on the UK Albums Chart and staying on the chart for eight weeks.
Jan-Lennard Struff
Jan-Lennard Struff (German pronunciation: [ʃtʁʊf]; born 25 April 1990) is a German professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 21, achieved on 19 June 2023. He also reached a best doubles ranking of No. 21 on 22 October 2018. He is currently the No. 3 German singles player.

Struff became the third oldest first-time ATP champion (since the inception of the ATP Tour in 1990) in 2024 at the age of 33, when he won his first ATP singles title by beating third seeded Taylor Fritz in straight sets in the final of the BMW Open.

Ilya Ivashka
Ilya Uladzimiravich Ivashka (Belarusian: Ілья Уладзіміравіч Івашка; Russian: Илья Владимирович Ивашко, romanized: Ilya Vladimirovich Ivashko; born 24 February 1994) is a Belarusian professional tennis player.
Ivashka has a career-high singles ranking by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) of No. 40, achieved on 20 June 2022. He also has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 317, reached on 12 June 2023. Ivashka has won five ITF singles titles and three ITF doubles titles. He has represented Belarus in Davis Cup, and has a win-loss record of 9–10.
Konstantin Shvedchikov
Konstantin Shvedchikov (1884–1952) was a Soviet official who served as the head of Sovkino's board of directors from 1926 to 1929. Following this post he was assigned to other state institutions which were not related to film industry.

State Committee for Cinematography
Goskino USSR (Russian: Госкино СССР) is the abbreviated name for the USSR State Committee for Cinematography (Государственный комитет по кинематографии СССР) in the Soviet Union. It was a central state directory body for Soviet film production.
Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Buhl-Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (born 5 December 1971), known professionally as Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, is a German businessman, author, journalist, podcaster, and former politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU). He served as a member of the Bundestag from 2002 to 2011, as Secretary-General of the CSU from 2008 to 2009, as Federal Minister for Economics and Technology in 2009 and as Federal Minister of Defence from 2009 to 2011.

After the discovery of extensive plagiarism in his doctoral dissertation and the decision of the University of Bayreuth to revoke his doctorate, an affair known as the Guttenberg plagiarism scandal, he resigned from all political posts in March 2011.

In 2011, Guttenberg joined the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Guttenberg is the chairman and a founder of Spitzberg Partners, an advisory and investment firm based in New York City.

House of Guttenberg
The House of Guttenberg is a wealthy Franconian family that was noble until all legal privileges of royalty and nobility were abolished in Germany in 1919 following the German revolution and proclamation of the republic at the end of World War I. It traces its origins back to 1149 with a Gundeloh von Blassenberg (Plassenberg), though the first mention in a document is dated 1158. The name Guttenberg is derived from Guttenberg in present-day Bavaria, and it was adopted by a Heinrich von Blassenberg around 1310.
First Presbyterian Church of West Chester
First Presbyterian Church of West Chester is a historic Presbyterian church located at 130 W. Miner Street in West Chester, Chester County, Pennsylvania.  It was designed in 1832 by Thomas U. Walter, who later became the fourth Architect of the Capitol.  The church is a stuccoed stone building measuring 75 feet long and 45 feet wide in the Greek Revival style.  Additions were built in 1860 and 1955. The front facade features a recessed porch flanked by two projections with pilasters.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

January 2010

Before 1923

West Chester, Pennsylvania
West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough had a population of 18,671 at the 2020 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships.

Much of the West Chester University North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.
Ishak Pasha Palace
Ishak Pasha Palace (Kurdish: Qesra Îshaq Paşa; Turkish: İshak Paşa Sarayı) is a semi-ruined palace and administrative complex located in the Doğubeyazıt district of Ağrı province of eastern Turkey.

The Ishak Pasha Palace is an Ottoman-period palace whose construction was started in 1685 by the bey of the Beyazit province Colak Abdi Pasha of the Cildirogullari, a family of hereditary Kurdish pashas. Construction was continued by Ishak Pasha, a descendant of Abdi Pasha, who was to give his name to the palace and became the pasha of Çıldır from 1790 to 1791. According to the inscription on its door, the Harem section of the palace was completed by Ishak (Isaac) Pasha in 1784.

The Ishak Pasha Palace is one of the few examples of surviving historical Turkish palaces.

The palace was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 100 new lira banknote of 2005–2009.

Doğubayazıt
Doğubayazıt (Kurdish: Bazîd; Armenian: Պայազատ, romanized: Payazat or Դարոյնք, Daruynk) is a town of Ağrı Province of Turkey, near the border with Iran. Its elevation is 1625 m. It is the seat of Doğubayazıt District. Its population is 80,061 (2021). Also known as Kurdava, the town was the capital of the self-declared Republic of Ararat, a short-lived Kurdish state centered in the Ağrı Province. Demographic research has identified Doğubayazıt as a predominantly Kurdish-speaking city: a public health study by Bakiray Küçükkaya and Erbaydar (2012) noted that "the mother tongue of the majority of the population is Kurdish" in the district. Demographic studies of Kurdish-majority provinces in Turkey have consistently included Doğubayazıt (in Ağrı Province) among areas with high concentrations of Kurdish speakers.
Becky Hobbs
Becky Hobbs (born Rebecca A. Hobbs, January 24, 1950) is an American country singer, songwriter, and pianist. She has recorded several studio albums and has charted multiple singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including the 1983 top-10 hit "Let's Get Over Them Together," a duet with Moe Bandy.

Hobbs has written over 2000 songs. Besides her work as a solo artist, Hobbs has written for several country and pop acts, such as Helen Reddy, George Jones, Loretta Lynn, Shelly West, Glen Campbell, Emmylou Harris, Wanda Jackson, John Anderson, and Shirley Bassey. She co-wrote two well-known songs for Alabama: "I Want to Know You Before We Make Love" (later covered by Conway Twitty in 1987) and "Angels Among Us."

Hobbs wrote the music and lyrics for the 2011 musical Nanyehi: The Story of Nancy Ward, which is based upon the life of her fifth-great-grandmother Nancy Ward.

Moe Bandy
Marion Franklin "Moe" Bandy Jr. (born February 12, 1944) is an American country music singer. He was most popular during the 1970s, when he had several hit songs, both alone and as part of a duo with Joe Stampley.
Cabinet of Vanuatu
The Cabinet of Vanuatu (formally the Council of Ministers of Vanuatu) is the cabinet (executive branch) of the government of the Republic of Vanuatu.

The Constitution of Vanuatu (Art. 39(1)) specifies that "[t]he executive power of the people of the Republic of Vanuatu is vested in the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers". The number of Ministers must not "exceed a quarter of the number of members of Parliament" (Art. 40(2)). The prime minister, who is directly elected by Parliament, appoints other ministers from among the members of Parliament (Art. 42(1)). The council is "collectively responsible to Parliament" (Art. 43(1)).

Prime Minister of Vanuatu
The prime minister of Vanuatu is the head of government of the Republic of Vanuatu.

The office of prime minister was created under the Constitution of Vanuatu upon the country's independence in 1980, with independence campaigner Walter Lini becoming the first office-holder. The position is sometimes seen as a continuation of the older office of Chief Minister, which existed before Vanuatu obtained its independence. According to the Constitution, the prime minister is elected by the Parliament, of which s/he must be a member. The prime minister directly appoints or dismisses members of the Council of Ministers (cabinet ministers).

So far 13 men have served as Prime Minister of Vanuatu, some on multiple occasions.

The current prime minister is Jotham Napat from the Leaders Party of Vanuatu, since 11 February 2025.
Kativik Ilisarniliriniq
Kativik Ilisarniliriniq (Inuktitut: ᑲᑎᕕᒃ ᐃᓕᓴᕐᓂᓕᕆᓂᖅ, KI, formerly known in English as the Kativik School Board (KSB, French: Commission scolaire Kativik, CSK), is a school district with territory in Nunavik in northern Quebec; it has an office in the Saint-Laurent area of Montreal and one in Kuujjuaq.

While most Quebec school boards are categorized by language, this district is categorized as a "special-status school board".

Dorval
Dorval (/dɔːrˈvæl/; French: [dɔʁval] ⓘ) is an on-island suburban city on the island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada. In 2016, the Canadian Census indicated that the population increased by 4.2% to 18,980. Although the city has the largest surface area in Montréal’s west side, it is among the least densely populated. Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport constitutes about 60% of the city's land; consequently, all of Dorval's population is concentrated in the southern part of the city.

Dorval is the oldest city in the west side of Montréal, having been founded in 1667, and one of the oldest in Canada and North America.
Francis Scott Key School
Francis Scott Key School is a public elementary school located in the Central South Philadelphia neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is a part of the School District of Philadelphia.

The historic school building was built in 1889, and is a three-story, eight-bay, brick building on a limestone base in the Late Victorian-style. It features a decorative brick corbel, small pedimented dormer, and three great flaring capped chimneys. It was named for American lawyer, author, and amateur poet Francis Scott Key (1779–1843).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Areas assigned to Key are assigned to Southwark School for grades 7-8. Students zoned to Southwark and to Key are also zoned to South Philadelphia High School.

South Philadelphia
South Philadelphia, nicknamed South Philly, is the section of Philadelphia bounded by South Street to the north, the Delaware River to the east and south, and the Schuylkill River to the west. A diverse working-class community of many neighborhoods, South Philadelphia is well known for its large Italian-American population, though it also contains large Asian-American, Irish-American, African-American, and Latino populations.
Pinchas Menachem Alter
Pinchas Menachem Alter (Hebrew: פינחס מנחם אלתר; July 3, 1926 – March 7, 1996), also known as the Pnei Menachem (פני מנחם), after the works he authored, was the seventh rebbe of the Hasidic dynasty of Ger, a position he held from 1992 until his death in 1996. From 1956 until he was appointed rebbe, he was a Rosh Yeshiva (dean of a yeshiva). He also served as a member and the president of the Torah Scholars Council and as the chairman of the Agudat Yisrael political party.

Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah
Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah (Hebrew: מועצת גדולי התורה, "Council of great Torah [Sages]") is the supreme rabbinical policy-making council of the Agudat Yisrael and Degel HaTorah movements in Israel; and of Agudath Israel of America in the United States. Members are usually prestigious Roshei Yeshiva (heads of yeshivas) or Hasidic rebbes, who are also usually regarded by many Haredi Jews to be the Gedolim ("great/est") sages of Torah Judaism. Before the Holocaust, it was the supreme authority for the World Agudath Israel in Europe.
Kirkuk
Kirkuk (Arabic: كركوك; Kurdish: کەرکووک, romanized: Kerkûk; Syriac: ܟܪܟܘܟ, romanized: Kerkouk; Turkish: Kerkük) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate. The city is home to a diverse population of Kurds, Iraqi Turkmens and Arabs. Kirkuk sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel which sits near the Khasa River.

It is described by the Kurdish leader and former Iraqi president Jalal Talabani as “the Jerusalem of Kurdistan” even though it is not part of Iraqi Kurdistan region, while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens. The government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country.

Mosul vilayet
The Mosul Vilayet (Arabic: ولاية الموصل; Ottoman Turkish: ولايت موصل, romanized: Vilâyet-i Musul) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. It was created from the northern sanjaks of the Baghdad Vilayet in 1878. Mosul Vilayet was part of 'the Iraq Region' (Hıtta-i Irakiyye).

At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had an area of 29,220 square miles (75,700 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 300,280. The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.

The city of Mosul and the area south to the Little Zab was allocated to France in the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement of the First World War, and later transferred to Mandatory Iraq following the Mosul Question.
Jamestown Exposition
The Jamestown Exposition, also known as the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition of 1907, was one of the many world's fairs and expositions that were popular in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, it was held from April 26 to December 1, 1907, at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, in Norfolk, Virginia. It celebrated the first permanent English settlement in the present United States. In 1975, the 20 remaining exposition buildings were included on the National Register of Historic Places as a national historic district.

Virginian Railway
The Virginian Railway (reporting mark VGN) was a Class I railroad located in Virginia and West Virginia in the United States. The VGN was created to transport high quality "smokeless" bituminous coal from southern West Virginia to port at Hampton Roads.
Rational expectations
Rational expectations is a set of modeling assumptions describing how macroeconomic agents form expectations about the future under uncertainty. Under these assumptions, agents are presumed to use all relevant and available information, making their expectations “model‑consistent”—that is, behaving as if they fully understand the structural model governing the macroeconomy.

Thomas J. Sargent
Thomas John Sargent (born July 19, 1943) is an American economist and the W.R. Berkley Professor of Economics and Business at New York University. He specializes in the fields of macroeconomics, monetary economics, and time series econometrics. As of 2024, he ranks as the 38th most cited economist in the world. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2011 together with Christopher A. Sims for their "empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy".
Cadet
A cadet is a student or trainee within various organisations, primarily in military contexts where individuals undergo training to become commissioned officers. However, several civilian organisations, including civil aviation groups, maritime organisations, and police services, also designate their auxiliary members and trainees as cadets.

Military academy
A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.

Three types of academy exist: pre-collegiate-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's-degree-level qualifications, and those preparing officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of the state.

A naval academy is either a type of military academy (in the broad sense of that term) or is distinguished from one (in the narrow sense). In U.S. usage, the Military, Merchant Marine, Naval, Coast Guard, and the Air Force Academy serve as military academies under the categorization of service academies in that country.