hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amphoterism
In chemistry, an amphoteric compound (from Greek  amphoteros 'both') is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid and as a base. What exactly this can mean depends on which definitions of acids and bases are being used.

Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It is a white powder which is insoluble in water. ZnO is used as an additive in numerous materials and products including cosmetics, food supplements, rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, sunscreens, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, semi conductors, and first-aid tapes. Although it occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, most zinc oxide is produced synthetically.
Western hooded pitta
The western hooded pitta (Pitta sordida) is a passerine bird in the family Pittidae. It is common in eastern and southeastern Asia and maritime Southeast Asia, where it lives in several types of forests as well as on plantations and other cultivated areas. It is a green bird with a black head and chestnut crown. It forages on the ground for insects and their larvae, and also eats berries. It breeds between February and August, the pair being strongly territorial and building their nest on the ground. Incubation and care of the fledglings is done by both parents. The bird has a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the Nicobar hooded pitta, the Minahasa hooded pitta, the eastern hooded pitta and the Biak hooded pitta.

Minahasa hooded pitta
The Minahasa hooded pitta (Pitta forsteni) is a species of passerine bird in the pitta family Pittidae that is endemic to the Minahasa Peninsula at the north of the island of Sulawesi.

It is a green bird with a black head and chestnut crown. It forages on the ground for insects and their larvae, and also eats berries. It breeds between February and August, the pair being strongly territorial and building their nest on the ground. Incubation and care of the fledglings is done by both parents. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the hooded pitta, now renamed to the western hooded pitta.
Millionaire (Kelis song)
"Millionaire" is a song by American singer Kelis, featuring American rapper André 3000, taken from the former's third studio album, Tasty (2003). Released as the album's third single on October 18, 2004, the song was written by Kelis and André 3000, produced by the latter, and contains a sample of the 1985 song "La Di Da Di" by Doug E. Fresh and Slick Rick. Like Kelis' previous single "Trick Me", "Millionaire" was not released in the United States as her American label Arista had folded.

The song peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart, earning Kelis her third consecutive top-five single, while becoming a modest commercial success internationally. The accompanying music video, directed by Giuseppe Capotondi, does not feature Kelis or André 3000, but instead features children appearing as the duo's younger selves.

La Di Da Di
"La Di Da Di" is a song performed by Doug E. Fresh, who provides the beatboxed instrumental, and MC Ricky D (later known as Slick Rick), who performs the vocals. It was originally released in 1985 as the B-side to "The Show". The song has since gained a reputation as an early hip hop classic, and it is one of the most sampled songs in history. It was inducted into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress in April 2024.
Listed buildings in Arundel
Arundel is a town and civil parish in the Arun district, in West Sussex, England It contains four grade I, eight grade II* and 198 grade II listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England

.

Arundel
Arundel (/ˈærəndəl/ ARR-ən-dəl or locally /ˈɑːndəl/ AHN-dəl) is a market town and civil parish in the Arun District of the South Downs, West Sussex, England.

The much-conserved town has a medieval castle and Roman Catholic cathedral. Arundel has a museum and comes second behind much larger Chichester in its number of listed buildings in West Sussex.  The River Arun runs through the eastern side of the town.

The Arundel electoral borough was one of many reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835.

From 1836 to 1889 the town had its own Borough police force with a strength of three. In 1974 it became part of the Arun district, and is now a civil parish with a town council.
Haleakalā
Haleakalā (/ˌhɑːliˌɑːkəˈlɑː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiian pronunciation: [ˈhɐlɛˈjɐkəˈlaː]), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive, active shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, also referred to as the West Maui Mountains.

The tallest peak of Haleakalā ("house of the sun"), at 10,023 feet (3,055 m), is Puʻu ʻUlaʻula (Red Hill). From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11.25 mi (18.11 km) across, 3.2 mi (5.1 km) wide, and nearly 800 m (2,600 ft) deep. The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren-looking with a scattering of volcanic cones.

Hāna, Hawaii
Hāna is a census-designated place (CDP) in Maui County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 1,526 at the 2020 census. Hāna is located at the eastern end of the island of Maui and is one of the most isolated communities in the state. It is reached mainly via the Hana Highway, a long, winding, 52-mile-long (84 km) highway along Maui's northern shore, via boat, and with commercial air service to Hana Airport.
Dickson County, Tennessee
Dickson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 54,315. Its county seat is Charlotte. Dickson County is part of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Dickson County is home to Tennessee's oldest courthouse in continuous use, built in 1835. This is the second courthouse in Charlotte as the first one, a log building, was destroyed in the Tornado of 1833, which destroyed all but one building on the courthouse square.

Vanleer, Tennessee
Vanleer is a town in Dickson County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2020 census, Vanleer had a population of 374. The town is approximately 49 miles southwest of Nashville and is located within the city's greater metropolitan area.

The town is named for Anthony Wayne Van Leer, onetime operator of the iron works in nearby Cumberland Furnace.
Trimellitic anhydride
Trimellitic anhydride is an organic compound with the formula HO2CC6H3(C2O3).  It is the cyclic anhydride of trimellitic acid. The compound is a colorless to white solid. It's primarily used in the production of various polymers, polyesters, agricultural chemicals and dyes. Several thousand tons of this compound are produced annually as a precursor to plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride.  It is produced by air-oxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.

Trimellitic acid
Trimellitic acid (benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H3(СООН)3. Like the other isomers of benzenetricarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid is a colorless solid.  It is prepared by oxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
Equilateral polygon
In geometry, an equilateral polygon is a polygon which has all sides of the same length. Except in the triangle case, an equilateral polygon does not need to also be equiangular (have all angles equal), but if it does then it is a regular polygon. If the number of sides is at least four, an equilateral polygon does not need to be a convex polygon: it could be concave or even self-intersecting.

Equiangular polygon
In Euclidean geometry, an equiangular polygon is a polygon whose vertex angles are equal. If the lengths of the sides are also equal (that is, if it is also equilateral) then it is a regular polygon. Isogonal polygons are equiangular polygons which alternate two edge lengths.

For clarity, a planar equiangular polygon can be called direct or indirect. A direct equiangular polygon has all angles turning in the same direction in a plane and can include multiple turns. Convex equiangular polygons are always direct. An indirect equiangular polygon can include angles turning right or left in any combination. A skew equiangular polygon may be isogonal, but can't be considered direct since it is nonplanar.

A spirolateral nθ is a special case of an equiangular polygon with a set of n integer edge lengths repeating sequence until returning to the start, with vertex internal angles θ.
2012 Czech Social Democratic Party presidential primaries
Presidential primaries to select the Czech Social Democratic Party candidate for the 2013 presidential elections were held in May 2012. The primaries were indirect, with only members of the party's Central Executive Committee able to vote. Jiří Dienstbier Jr. became the party's candidate after receiving 107 votes to the 35 against. Dienstbier's only rival was Jan Švejnar, who withdrew prior to voting taking place.

2013 Czech presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Czech Republic in January 2013, the country's first direct election for the presidency. No candidate received a majority of the votes in the first round on 11–12 January, so a second round runoff election was held on 25–26 January. Nine individuals secured enough signatures or support of parliamentarians to become official candidates for the office. Miloš Zeman of the Party of Civic Rights (SPOZ) and Karel Schwarzenberg of TOP 09 qualified for the second round, which was won by Zeman with 54.8% of the vote, compared to Schwarzenberg's 45.2%. Zeman assumed office in March 2013 after being sworn in.
Tochigi 2nd district
Tochigi 2nd district (栃木県[第]2区, Tochigi-ken-[dai-]nikku) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the national Diet of Japan. It is located in northeastern Tochigi and consists of the cities of Kanuma, Nikkō and  Sakura, part of Utsunomiya city and the two towns in Shioya District. As of 2016, 272,047 eligible voters were registered in the district.

The district is currently represented by former Governor of Tochigi Akio Fukuda. Previous representatives in the district include former Agriculture Minister Kōya Nishikawa and Justice Minister Mayumi Moriyama.

Sakura, Tochigi
Sakura (さくら市, Sakura-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [sa(ꜜ).kɯ.ɾa, sa.kɯ.ɾaꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 44,712 in 16,882 households, and a population density of 360 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 125.63 square kilometres (48.51 sq mi).
Poker dice
Poker dice are dice which, instead of having number pips, have representations of playing cards upon them. Poker dice have six sides, one each of an Ace, King, Queen, Jack, 10, and 9, and are used to form a poker hand.

Liar's dice
Liar's dice is a class of dice games for two or more players in which deception is a significant gameplay element. In "single hand" liar's dice games, each player is given a set of dice, all players roll once, and the bids relate to the dice each player can see (their hand) plus all the concealed dice (the other players' hands). In "common hand" games, there is one set of dice which is passed from player to player. The bids relate to the dice as they are in front of the bidder after selected dice have been re-rolled. Originating during the 15th century, the game subsequently spread to Latin American and European countries. In 1993, a variant, Call My Bluff, won the Spiel des Jahres.
Fan Yilin
Fan Yilin (simplified Chinese: 范忆琳; traditional Chinese: 范憶琳; pinyin: Fàn Yìlín; born 11 November 1999) is a Chinese artistic gymnast and uneven bars specialist. She is a two-time world champion on the uneven bars (2015 and 2017) and the 2015 Asian champion on balance beam. At the 2015 World Championships, she was part of the first ever four-way tie along with Viktoria Komova, Daria Spiridonova, and Madison Kocian. Domestically, she is a four-time Chinese national uneven bars champion (2015, 2016, 2020, and 2021). She was a member of the Chinese team at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where she won a bronze medal in the team competition, and competed at the 2020 Olympic Games.

Artistic Gymnastics World Cup
The Artistic Gymnastics World Cup is a competition series for artistic gymnastics sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). It is one of the few tournaments in artistic gymnastics officially organized by FIG, as well as the World Championships and the gymnastics competitions at the Olympic Games and the Youth Olympics.
Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario
The Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (French: Tribunal des droits de la personne de l’Ontario) is an administrative tribunal in the Canadian province of Ontario that hears and determines applications brought under the Ontario Human Rights Code, the provincial statute that sets out human rights in Ontario.

It is one of the 12 adjudicative tribunals overseen by the Ministry of the Attorney General that make up Tribunals Ontario. Any person who believes they have been discriminated against under the Human Rights Code may bring an application to the Tribunal.

Tribunals Ontario
Tribunals Ontario (French: Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) is the umbrella organization for 12 adjudicative tribunals under the Ministry of the Attorney General of Ontario. It was formed on January 1, 2019, from the merger of the Social Justice Tribunals Ontario; Environment and Land Tribunals Ontario; and Safety, Licensing Appeals and Standards Tribunals Ontario tribunal "clusters".
Light Dragoons
The Light Dragoons (LD) is a cavalry regiment in the British Army. The regiment has a light cavalry role and specialises in mounted and dismounted reconnaissance. The Light Dragoons recruit mainly in Northern England, from County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire. For this reason, the regiment is known as "England's Northern Cavalry". It is currently based in Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire.

Dragoon
Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat with swords and firearms from horseback. While their use goes back to the late 16th century, dragoon regiments were established in most European armies during the 17th and early 18th centuries; they provided greater mobility than regular infantry but were far less expensive than cavalry.

The name reputedly derives from a type of firearm, called a dragon, which was a handgun version of a blunderbuss, carried by dragoons of the French Army. The title has been retained in modern times by a number of armoured or ceremonial mounted regiments.
Adal (historical region)
Adal (Harari: ኣው አብዳል/ኢዳል; Somali: Awdal), also known as Aw Idal, Awdal, or Aw Abdal was a historical Muslim region in the Horn of Africa. Located east of Ifat and the Awash river as far as the coast, and including Harar as well as Zeila. The Zeila state often denoted Adal and other Muslim dominions in medieval texts.

Harari people
The Harari people (Harari: ጌ፞ይ ኡሱኣች / ݘٛىيْ أُسُأَڛْ‎, Gēy Usuach, "People of the City") are a Semitic-speaking ethnic group which inhabits the Horn of Africa. Members of this ethnic group traditionally reside in the walled city of Harar, simply called Gēy "the City" in Harari, situated in the Harari Region of eastern Ethiopia. They speak the Harari language, a member of the South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages.
2022 Las Vegas Bowl
The 2022 Las Vegas Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 17, 2022, at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada. The 30th annual Las Vegas Bowl, the game featured Oregon State from the Pac-12 Conference and Florida from the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game began at 11:35 a.m. PST and aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2022–23 bowl games concluding the 2022 FBS football season. Sponsored by roofing distribution company SRS Distribution, the game was officially known as the SRS Distribution Las Vegas Bowl.

2022–23 NCAA football bowl games
The 2022–23 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football games played to complete the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Team-competitive games began in mid-December and concluded with the 2023 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 9, 2023, which was won by the Georgia Bulldogs. The all-star portion of the schedule began on January 14 and concluded on February 25, 2023.
Gary March
Gary March is an Australian investor, the founder and former director of Concept Sports International, now known as Beyond Sportswear Limited and former president of the Richmond Football Club until 2013.

Gary took over the presidency from Clinton Casey in 2005, after being on the Richmond Board of Directors since 2002. He was replaced by Peggy O'Neal (lawyer) in late 2013.

Peggy O'Neal (lawyer)
Peggy Yvonne O'Neal AO (born 19 April 1952) is an American-born Australian lawyer who, from 2013 to 2022, served as the president of the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). She is the first woman in AFL history to serve as a club president. Since January 2022, she has served as Chancellor of RMIT University.
Hirsch, Saskatchewan
Hirsch is a hamlet in the RM of Coalfields in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan and is located about 18 miles east of the city of Estevan along Highway 18. The post office originally opened on 1 December 1893 with the town misspelled as "Hirsh". It closed on 31 March 1970.

Rural Municipality of Coalfields No. 4
The Rural Municipality of Coalfields No. 4 (2016 population: 368) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 1 and SARM Division No. 1. Located in the southeast portion of the province, it is adjacent to the United States, neighbouring Burke County, North Dakota.
Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the process of duplicating a segment of DNA into RNA for the purpose of gene expression. Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins, called messenger RNA (mRNA). Other segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).

Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, composed of nucleotide sequences. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary RNA strand called a primary transcript.

In virology, the term transcription is used when referring to mRNA synthesis from a viral RNA molecule. The genome of many RNA viruses is composed of negative-sense RNA which acts as a template for positive sense viral messenger RNA - a necessary step in the synthesis of viral proteins needed for viral replication. This process is catalyzed by a viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase.

TET enzymes
The TET enzymes are a family of ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases. They are instrumental in DNA demethylation.  5-Methylcytosine (see first Figure) is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (C) that often regulates gene transcription and has several other functions in the genome.

Demethylation by TET enzymes (see second Figure), can alter the regulation of transcription.  The TET enzymes catalyze the hydroxylation of DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and can further catalyse oxidation of 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and then to 5-carboxycytosine (5caC).  5fC and 5caC can be removed from the DNA base sequence by base excision repair and replaced by cytosine in the base sequence.

TET enzymes have central roles in DNA demethylation required during embryogenesis, gametogenesis, memory, learning, addiction and pain perception.
Charles Pélissier
Charles Pélissier (20 February 1903 – 28 May 1959) was a French racing cyclist, between 1922 and 1939, winning 16 stages in the Tour de France. The number of eight stages won in the 1930 Tour de France is still a record, shared with Eddy Merckx (1970, 1974) and Freddy Maertens (1976). In addition to his 8-stage wins that year, Pélissier also finished second place 7 times. In the 1931 Tour de France after stage 5, he shared the lead for one day with Rafaele di Paco. Pélissier was the younger brother of racing cyclists Francis Pélissier and Henri Pélissier. Pélissier was born and died in Paris.

Freddy Maertens
Freddy Maertens (born 13 February 1952) is a Belgian former professional racing cyclist who was twice world road race champion. Maertens' career swung between winning more than 50 races in a season to winning almost none and then back again. His life has been marked by debt and alcoholism. It took him more than two decades to pay a tax debt. At one point early in his career, between the 1976 Tour and 1977 Giro, Maertens won 28 out of 60 Grand Tour stages that he entered before abandoning the Giro due to injury on stage 8b. He achieved eight Tour stage wins, thirteen Vuelta stage wins and seven Giro stage wins in less than one calendar year.
Little Jamaica
Little Jamaica, also known as Eglinton West, is an ethnic enclave in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located along Eglinton Avenue West, from Marlee Avenue to Keele Street, and is part of four neighbourhoods: Silverthorn, Briar Hill–Belgravia, Caledonia–Fairbank, and Oakwood–Vaughan. The commercial main street has been recognized to be of great cultural heritage significance to the city of Toronto, as a distinct ethnic and cultural hub for Afro-Caribbean immigrants for many decades.

Silverthorn, Toronto
Silverthorn, often misspelled as Silverthorne, is a neighbourhood and former postal village in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The approximate boundaries are the GO Transit Barrie line railway tracks to the east, Black Creek Drive and the CP railway line to the west and the former boundaries of the City of York to the north and south. The neighbourhood west of Keele Street is known as Keelesdale. For demographic purposes, the city breaks the area down into two neighbourhoods: Keelesdale-Eglinton West, south of Eglinton, and Beechborough-Greenbrook north of Eglinton. It was originally a postal village to serve the then-agricultural York Township.
Convicts on the West Coast of Tasmania
The West Coast of Tasmania has a significant convict heritage. The use of the west coast as an outpost to house convicts in isolated penal settlements occurred in the eras 1822–33, and 1846–47.

The main locations were Sarah Island (known by many in the late twentieth century as Settlement Island) and Grummet Island in Macquarie Harbour. The entrance to Macquarie Harbour was known as Hells Gates and the play on this name has travelled from its naming in the 1830s to Paul Collins's book published in 2002.

Convict parties used the land around the harbour as a work area as far as Gordon River. The prison's existence was for only 15 years, but its hold on the imagination has spawned a significant literature.

Macquarie Harbour
Macquarie Harbour is a shallow fjord in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. It is approximately 315 square kilometres (122 mi2), and has an average depth of 15 metres (49 ft), with deeper places up to 50 metres (160 ft). It is navigable by shallow-draft vessels. The main channel is kept clear by the presence of a rock wall on the outside of the channel's curve. This man-made wall prevents erosion and keeps the channel deep and narrow, rather than allowing the channel to become wide and shallow. A reported Aboriginal name for the harbour is Parralaongatek.

The harbour was named in honour of Scottish Major General Lachlan Macquarie, the fifth Colonial Governor of New South Wales.