hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chapel of Saint Petka in Belgrade
The Chapel of Saint Petka (Serbian: Капела Свете Петке, Kapela Svete Petke) in Belgrade is a chapel, erected over a sacred spring, and dedicated to Saint Petka. It is located at a way connecting the upper and the lower city of the Belgrade Fortress, in proximity of the Ružica Church, with the spring being in the very altar of the chapel. The present-day chapel was built in 1937 after a project of the architect Momir Korunović. Its inner walls and vaults are covered by mosaics done by painter Đuro Radlović in 1980–1983.

Belgrade Fortress
The Belgrade Fortress (Serbian: Београдска тврђава, Beogradska tvrđava, Hungarian: Nándorfehérvár), consists of the old citadel (Upper and Lower Town) and Kalemegdan Park (Large and Little Kalemegdan) on the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, in an urban area of modern Belgrade, Serbia. Located in Belgrade's municipality of Stari Grad, the fortress constitutes the specific historical core of the city. As one of the most important representatives of Belgrade's cultural heritage, it was originally protected right after World War II, among the first officially declared cultural monuments in Serbia. The fortress was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and is protected by the Republic of Serbia. It is the most visited tourist attraction in Belgrade, with Skadarlija being the second. Since the admission is free, it is estimated that the total number of visitors (foreign, domestic, citizens of Belgrade) is over 2 million yearly.
Romanshorn railway station
Romanshorn railway station (German: Bahnhof Romanshorn) is a railway station that serves the municipality of Romanshorn, in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.  Opened in 1855, the station is owned and operated by SBB-CFF-FFS.  It forms the junction between the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway, the Schaffhausen–Rorschach railway and the Romanshorn–Nesslau Neu St. Johann railway.

The SBB-CFF-FFS and Thurbo operate both long-distance and local traffic to and from the station. These include four St. Gallen S-Bahn lines and an InterCity train to Brig.

Konstanz station
Konstanz station (German: Bahnhof Konstanz) is the largest passenger station in the German city of Konstanz (Constance). It is served by regional and long-distance services operated by Deutsche Bahn and Swiss Federal Railways. It is the end of the High Rhine Railway and the beginning of the Lake Line.
Marcella Sembrich
Prakseda Marcelina Kochańska (February 15, 1858 – January 11, 1935), known professionally as Marcella Sembrich, was a Polish dramatic coloratura soprano. She is known for her extensive range of two and a half octaves, precise intonation, charm, portamento, vocal fluidity, and impressive coloratura. Her voice was regarded as flute-like, sweet, pure, light, and brilliant. She had an important international singing career, chiefly at the New York Metropolitan Opera and the Royal Opera House, in London.

Giovanni Battista Lamperti
Giovanni Battista Lamperti (24 June 1839 – 18 March 1910) was an Italian singing teacher and son of the singing teacher Francesco Lamperti.  He is the author of The Technics of Bel Canto (1905) and source for Vocal Wisdom: Maxims of Giovanni Battista Lamperti (1931).
Virgil Miller Newton
Virgil Miller Newton (September 6, 1938 – August 8, 2025) was an American priest and the Chairman and Director of Christ at the Sea Foundation in Madeira Beach, Florida; a priest in the Antiochian Orthodox Church (but is no longer listed on the AOC website); and the former Director of several rehabilitation centers for youth with drug problems, behavior problems, eating disorders and other compulsive behavior. His rehabilitative methods have been criticized.

Many former patients have sued for abuse.

Newton died on August 8, 2025, at the age of 86.

Drug Free America Foundation
The Drug Free America Foundation (DFAF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 1976 by former US Ambassador Mel Sembler, his wife Betty Sembler (née Schlesinger), and Joseph Zappala as Straight, Inc., renamed The Straight Foundation, Inc. in 1985 and Drug Free America Foundation in 1995.

Originally a drug rehabilitation program for adolescents, it faced multiple lawsuits for abuse of its patients.

The organization no longer operates rehabilitation programs, and now "develops and promotes policies" opposing illegal drug use, drug addiction, and the decriminalization of cannabis and other drugs. It is a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
Jacksonville, New Jersey
Jacksonville is an unincorporated community located within Springfield Township, in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Located at a skewed intersection of County Routes 628 and 670, the area consists of farmland and houses. It had a population of nearly one hundred by 1883. The area also has the remains of the Animal Kingdom Zoo, a small zoo shuttered since 2012 due to deadly fires and numerous animal welfare violations. The John Irick House located in the community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

John Irick House
The John Irick House, also known as the Dunker House, is located on Jacksonville-Jobstown Road in the Jacksonville section of Springfield Township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States.  The brick house was built in 1761 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 1977, for its significance in architecture.  It is also noted in the Traditional Patterned Brickwork Buildings in New Jersey Multiple Property Submission (MPS).
Sinopoli
Sinopoli (Italian pronunciation: [siˈnɔːpoli]; Calabrian Greek: Σινόπολις, Ξενόπολις) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 90 km southwest of Catanzaro and about 30 km northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,303 and an area of 25.8 km².

The municipality of Sinopoli contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Sinopoli inferiore and Sinopoli vecchio.

Sinopoli borders the following municipalities: Cosoleto, Oppido Mamertina, Roccaforte del Greco, Roghudi, San Procopio, Sant'Eufemia d'Aspromonte, Scilla.

Sant'Eufemia d'Aspromonte
Sant'Eufemia d'Aspromonte is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,061 and an area of 32.9 square kilometres (12.7 sq mi).
Drum rudiment
A drum rudiment is one of a number of relatively small patterns in drumming, a form of percussion music. Drum rudiments form the foundation for more extended and complex patterns.

The term "drum rudiment" is most closely associated with various forms of field drumming, where the snare drum plays a prominent role. In this context "rudiment"  means not only "basic", but also fundamental. This tradition of drumming originates in military drumming and it is a central component of martial music.

Claus Hessler
Claus Hessler, also spelled Claus Heßler, is a German drummer, author, and teacher. He is a clinician who specializes in Open-handed drumming and rudimental drumming, especially Basel Drumming and Moeller method.
Michael of Bosnia
Michael of Bosnia (after 1243 – before 23 March 1266), Duke of Bosnia from 1262 to 1266, was a member of the Olgovichi clan.

He was the son of Duke Rostislav of Macsó and his wife, Anna, a daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary. When Duke Rostislav died in 1262, his lands were divided between his sons: Michael inherited their father's part of Bosnia, and Béla inherited the Banate of Macsó.

When Michael died, his lands were inherited by his brother.

Rostislav Mikhailovich
Rostislav Mikhailovich (Hungarian: Rosztyiszláv, Bulgarian and Ukrainian: Ростислав Михайлович) (after 1210 / c. 1225 – 1262) was a Rurikid prince and a dignitary in the Kingdom of Hungary.

He was prince of Novgorod (1230), of Halych (1236–1237, 1241–1242), of Lutsk (1240), and of Chernigov (1241–1242). When he could not strengthen his rule in Halych, he went to the court of King Béla IV of Hungary, and married the king's daughter, Anna.

He was the Ban of Slavonia (1247–1248), and later he became the first Duke of Macsó (after 1248–1262), and thus he governed the southern parts of the kingdom. In 1257, he occupied Vidin and thenceforward he styled himself Tsar of Bulgaria.
The Time We Have Taken
The Time We Have Taken is a 2007 novel by Australian author Steven Carroll.

It is the third in the Glenroy Series sequence of novels, following The Art of the Engine Driver and The Gift of Speed, which follow the development of an outer Melbourne suburb from the 1950s to the 1970s. This entry oi the series was followed by Spirit of Progress (2011), Forever Young (2015), and The Year of the Beast (2019).

The novels have been described as a 'slow-moving, Proustian meditation on being and time' and 'a deeply satisfying encounter with the empty spaces that the suburb failed to fill both between people and inside them.'

The Art of the Engine Driver
The Art of the Engine Driver is a 2001 novel by Australian author Steven Carroll.

It is the first in a sequence of novels written by Carroll, followed by The Gift of Speed and The Time We Have Taken. Inspired by a dream, the book was originally intended to be a stand-alone novel.
Therapeutic approach
The therapeutic approach to philosophy sees philosophical problems as misconceptions that are to be therapeutically dissolved. The approach stems from Ludwig Wittgenstein.

There is not a single philosophical method, though there are indeed methods, different therapies, as it were.— Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, §133d

Some noted philosophers who can be said to take a therapeutic approach are John McDowell, Alice Crary, and Richard Rorty. Quietists, philosophers associated with The New Wittgenstein and anti-philosophy are all pertinent to the therapeutic approach.

Hans-Johann Glock has argued against the plausibility of the therapeutic approach as accurately characterizing Wittgenstein's philosophy. Hans Sluga and Rupert Read have advocated a "post-therapeutic" or "liberatory" interpretation of Wittgenstein.

Antiphilosophy
Antiphilosophy is an opposition to traditional philosophy. It may be characterized as anti-theoretical, critical of a priori justifications, and may see common philosophical problems as misconceptions that are to be dissolved. Common strategies may involve forms of relativism, skepticism, nihilism, or pluralism.

The term has been used as a denigrating word but is also used with more neutral or positive connotations. In the early 1990's   Alain Badiou conducted a series of Seminars with the generic topic "Antiphilosophy" and later adopted the word for a number of publications. Boris Groys's 2012 book Introduction to Antiphilosophy discusses thinkers such as Kierkegaard, Shestov, Nietzsche, and Benjamin as belonging to the tradition.
Aldwincle
Aldwincle (sometimes Aldwinkle or Aldwinckle) is a village and civil parish in the North Northamptonshire district, in Northamptonshire, England, with a population at the time of the 2011 census of 322. It stands by a bend in the River Nene, 4 miles (6.4 km) to the north of Thrapston. The name of the village means "Ealda's nook".

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.
Marion River
The Marion River is a 4.5-mile (7.2 km) river that connects Blue Mountain Lake via Utowana Lake and Eagle Lake (the Eckford chain) to Raquette Lake in Hamilton County in the central Adirondacks. New York State has classified the Marion as a Scenic River.

The Marion River Carry is a portage around the rapids in the Marion River to Utowana Lake. The carry was shortened by a dam, that raised the level of the river and then by the Marion River Carry Railroad; at 1,320 yards (1,210 m), it was the shortest standard-gauge railroad line in the United States.

There is a detailed, animated, three-dimensional model of the carry railroad at the Adirondack Museum in Blue Mountain Lake.

Eckford chain
The Eckford Chain of lakes is composed of Blue Mountain Lake, Eagle Lake, and Utowana Lake in the Adirondack Mountains in New York.  The chain was named for Henry Eckford, a noted engineer and ship builder who made a survey of the lakes in 1811. All of the lakes are located in the town of Indian Lake, in Hamilton County.
Central Bank of Malta
The Central Bank of Malta (Maltese: Bank Ċentrali ta’ Malta) is the national central bank for Malta within the Eurosystem. It was the Maltese central bank from 1968 to 2007, issuing the Maltese lira.

The Central Bank of Malta Act was originally published by means of Act XXXI of 1967, succeeded the Board of Commissioners of Currency of Malta which had been in operation since 1940. It has been amended a number of times, most recently by Acts I and IV of 2007 in order to provide for the bank's membership within the Eurosystem.

The Central Bank of Malta is not itself a financial supervisory authority but participates in European banking supervision as a member of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank, alongside the Malta Financial Services Authority. It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).

Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank
The Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank is the main operational decision-making body within the European Central Bank on bank supervision matters, within the framework of European Banking Supervision. It meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB's supervisory tasks. It is not, however, the ultimate decision-making body, as it only prepares draft decisions for the Governing Council under a no-objection procedure.
Secret Empire (2017 comic)
"Secret Empire" is a 2017 Marvel Comics crossover storyline published by Marvel Comics, consisting of a 10-issue, eponymous miniseries written by Nick Spencer and illustrated by Rod Reis, Daniel Acuña, Steve McNiven, Leinil Francis Yu and Andrea Sorrentino, and numerous tie-in books. The storyline addresses the aftermath of the storyline "Avengers: Standoff!" and the ongoing series Captain America: Steve Rogers, in which Captain America has been revealed to be acting as a sleeper agent and covertly setting the stage to establish the terrorist organization Hydra as the main world power. The entire crossover received mixed reviews.

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
Ralph Friedgen
Ralph Harry Friedgen (born April 4, 1947) is an American former football coach. He was most recently the special assistant coach for Rutgers in 2015 after serving as their offensive coordinator in the 2014 season. He was the head coach for the Maryland Terrapins from 2000 to 2010. Friedgen was previously an offensive coordinator at Maryland, Georgia Tech, and in the National Football League (NFL) with the San Diego Chargers.

Tom Nugent
Thomas N. Nugent (February 24, 1913 – January 19, 2006) was an American college football coach and innovator, sportscaster, public relations man. He served as the head football coach at the Virginia Military Institute, Florida State University, and the University of Maryland. His career record was 89–80–3. Nugent is credited with the development of the I formation.
2025 Tokyo ePrix
The 2025 Tokyo ePrix was the eighth and ninth race of the 2024–25 Formula E World Championship, held on 17-18 May 2025. It was the second running of the Tokyo ePrix, held around the Tokyo Street Circuit.

Oliver Rowland
Oliver Eric Rowland (/roʊlənd/; born 10 August 1992) is a British racing driver who competes in Formula E for Nissan. Rowland won the 2024–25 Formula E World Championship with Nissan.

Rowland has previously competed for Manor Motorsport in the 2018 WEC season, and he was also previously the young driver of Williams F1 Team during the 2018 Formula 1 season. Rowland is also the manager and mentor of Racing Bulls driver Arvid Lindblad.
Altona, Manitoba
Altona is a town in southern Manitoba, Canada, about 100 km south-west of Winnipeg and 158 km north of Grand Forks, North Dakota. The population at the 2021 Census was 4,390 residents. Old Altona was founded in 1880 by Plautdietsch-speaking Mennonites from the Russian Empire. It is surrounded by the Municipality of Rhineland. Much of the surrounding area is devoted to farming and agriculture-based business.

Jake Siemens
Jacob (Jake) John Siemens (May 23, 1896 – July 12, 1963) was a Canadian farmer, co-operative leader, social entrepreneur, and adult educator.

Born and raised a Mennonite near Altona, Manitoba, Siemens taught for 10 years before taking over the family farm in 1929. With the onset of the Great Depression, he played a key role in the emergence of the dynamic co-operative movement in southern Manitoba. Since he understood his work as an expression of Christian love, it ignited controversy within the Mennonite community. In his later years he left the Mennonite community and moved to Winnipeg, where he ran for office as a candidate for the New Democratic Party. On his death in 1963 he was buried at a Unitarian church.
Dentistry in ancient Rome
Dentistry developed during the early parts of Roman history, which may be due to the arrival of a Greek doctor named Archagathus. Ancient Roman oral surgical tools included the curettes, osteotomes, cauteries, scalpels, bone forceps, and bone levers. The ancient Romans invented the usage of narcotics during dental surgery. These tools were used to treat conditions such as toothache and to extract teeth. It was believed in ancient Rome that the cause of the conditions that necessitated such treatment was a "tooth worm."

Surgery in ancient Rome
Ancient Roman surgical practices developed from Greek techniques. Roman surgeons and doctors usually learned through apprenticeships or studying. Ancient Roman doctors such as Galen and Celsus described Roman surgical techniques in their medical literature, such as De Medicina. These methods encompassed modern oral surgery, cosmetic surgery, sutures, ligatures, amputations, tonsillectomies, mastectomies, cataract surgeries, lithotomies, hernia repair, gynecology, neurosurgery, and others. Surgery was a rare practice, as it was dangerous and often had fatal results. To perform these procedures, they used tools such as specula, catheters, enemas, bone levers, osteotomes, phlebotomes, probes, curettes, bone drills, bone forceps, cupping vessels, knives, scalpels, scissors, and spathas.
Oviedo
Oviedo (Spanish: [oˈβjeðo] ⓘ) or Uviéu (Asturian: [uˈβjew]) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. With a population of 220,027, it is also the 2nd-largest city in Asturias.

Oviedo is located approximately 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Gijón and 23 km (14 mi) southeast of Avilés, both of which lie on the shoreline of the Bay of Biscay. Oviedo's proximity to the ocean of less than 30 kilometres (19 mi) in combination with its elevated position with areas of the city more than 300 metres above sea level causes the city to have a maritime climate, even though it does not sit directly on the shore.

San Julián de los Prados
San Julián de los Prados, also known as Santullano, is a Pre-Ramirense church from the beginning of the 9th century in Oviedo, the capital city of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is one of the greatest works of Asturian art and was declared an Historical-Artistic Monument by the Spanish Ministry of Culture in June 1917 and a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 2 December 1998.

The church's construction was ordered by Alfonso II of Asturias and it was built by the court architect Tioda c. 830. It is dedicated to the martyred Egyptian saints Julian and Basilissa.
Tobin Rote
Tobin Cornelius Rote (January 18, 1928 – June 27, 2000) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback for the Green Bay Packers and Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL), the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL), and the San Diego Chargers and Denver Broncos of the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Rice Owls.

He was arguably the first dual-threat quarterback in NFL history.

Kyle Rote
William Kyle Rote Sr. (October 27, 1928 – August 15, 2002) was an American professional football player who was a running back and wide receiver for eleven years in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants. He was an All-American running back for the SMU Mustangs and was the first overall selection of the 1951 NFL draft.  Following his playing career, Rote was the Giants backfield coach and later a sports broadcaster for WNEW and WNBC radio in New York and for NBC television.
Lunds Nation
55°42′12.85″N 13°11′59.58″E﻿ / ﻿55.7035694°N 13.1998833°E﻿ / 55.7035694; 13.1998833

Lunds nation is one of thirteen student nations at Lund University, Sweden. With 3,862 members, it is the second-largest nation in Lund, ranking behind Göteborgs but ahead of Helsingkrona Nation.

Göteborgs Nation, Lund
Göteborgs Nation is one of thirteen student nations of Lund University, Sweden. With its 4,298 members, Göteborgs is the largest nation in Lund, ranking ahead of Lunds Nation.

The nation is known for organizing GA-balen ("The GA ball"; named after Swedish King Gustav II Adolf), one of Sweden's largest balls.
Vulcan statue
The Vulcan statue is the largest cast iron statue in the world, and is the city symbol of  Birmingham, Alabama, United States, reflecting its roots in the iron and steel industry. The 56-foot (17 m) tall statue depicts the Roman god Vulcan, god of the fire and forge, with ironworking equipment. It was created as Birmingham's entry for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904 World's Fair) in St. Louis, Missouri. While it is the world's largest made of iron, it is also among the nation's tallest statues of any kind.

Vulcan (mythology)
Vulcan (Latin: Vulcanus, in archaically retained spelling also Volcanus, both pronounced [wʊɫˈkaːnʊs]) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth. He is often depicted with a blacksmith's hammer. The Vulcanalia was the annual festival held August 23 in his honor. His Greek counterpart is Hephaestus, the god of fire and smithery. In Etruscan religion, he is identified with Sethlans.

Vulcan belongs to the most ancient stage of Roman religion: Varro, the ancient Roman scholar and writer, citing the Annales Maximi, records that king Titus Tatius dedicated altars to a series of deities including Vulcan.