hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Henry Julius (German: Heinrich Julius; 15 October 1564 – 30 July 1613), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1589 until his death. He also served as administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt from 1566 and of the Prince-Bishopric of Minden between 1582 and 1585.

Prince-Bishopric of Minden
The Prince-Bishopric of Minden (German: Fürstbistum Minden; Bistum Minden; Hochstift Minden; Stift Minden) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. It was progressively secularized following the Protestant Reformation when it came under the rule of Protestant rulers, and by the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 given to Brandenburg as the Principality of Minden. It must not be confused with the Roman Catholic diocese of Minden, which was larger, and over which the prince-bishop exercised spiritual authority.
Streets of Albany, New York
The streets of Albany, New York, have had a long history going back almost 400 years. Many of the streets have changed names over the course of time, some have changed names many times. Some streets no longer exist, others have changed course. Some roads existed only on paper. The oldest streets were haphazardly laid out with no overall plan until Simeon De Witt's 1794 street grid plan. The plan had two grids, one west of Eagle Street and the old stockade, and another for the Pastures District south of the old stockade.

U.S. Route 9W
U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the states of New Jersey and New York. It begins in Fort Lee, New Jersey, as Fletcher Avenue crosses the US 1/9, US 46, and Interstate 95 (I-95) approaches to the George Washington Bridge, and heads north up the west side of the Hudson River to US 9 in Albany, New York. As its "W" suffix indicates, US 9W is a westerly alternate route of US 9 between the two locations. US 9W directly serves three cities—Newburgh, Kingston, and Albany—and enters the vicinity of several others. As the route heads north, it connects to several highways of regional importance, including I-84, US 209, New York State Route 23 (NY 23), and US 20. Much of US 9W parallels the New York State Thruway and NY 32; additionally, the latter overlaps with US 9W in four locations.
Liberation fonts
Liberation is the collective name of four TrueType font families: Liberation Sans, Liberation Sans Narrow, Liberation Serif, and Liberation Mono. These fonts are metrically compatible with the most popular fonts on the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office software package (Monotype Corporation's Arial, Arial Narrow, Times New Roman and Courier New, respectively), for which Liberation is intended as a free substitute. The fonts are default in LibreOffice.

Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight, and style of a typeface, defined as the set of fonts that share an overall design.
For instance, the typeface Bauer Bodoni (shown in the figure) includes fonts "Roman" (or "regular"), "bold" and "italic"; each of these exists in a variety of sizes.  In traditional printing, fonts were physically created using metal or wood type, with a font for each size.

In the digital description of fonts (computer fonts), the terms font and typeface are often used interchangeably. For example, when used in computers, each style is stored in a separate digital font file. Most are scalable fonts, so all sizes of a style are encompassed in one font.

In both traditional typesetting and digital design, the term font refers to a specific style or version of a typeface.
Uranium-235
Uranium-235 (235U or U-235) is an isotope of uranium making up about 0.72% of natural uranium. Unlike the predominant isotope uranium-238, it is fissile, i.e., it can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. It is the only fissile isotope that exists in nature as a primordial nuclide.

Uranium-235 has a half-life of 704 million years.  It was discovered in 1935 by Arthur Jeffrey Dempster. Its fission cross section for slow thermal neutrons is about 584.3±1 barns. For fast neutrons it is on the order of 1 barn.
Most neutron absorptions induce fission, though a minority (about 15%) result in the formation of uranium-236.

Primordial nuclide
In geochemistry, geophysics and nuclear physics, primordial nuclides, or primordial isotopes, are nuclides found on Earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Primordial nuclides were present in the interstellar medium from which the Solar System was formed, and were formed in the Big Bang, by nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovae followed by mass ejection, by cosmic ray spallation, or from other processes throughout the history of the universe. They are the stable nuclides plus the fraction of the long-lived radionuclides surviving from the primordial solar nebula through planet accretion until the present; 286 such nuclides are known.
Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty
The Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty underwent a revival during the late 9th, 10th, and early 11th centuries. Under the Macedonian emperors, the empire gained control over the Adriatic Sea, Southern Italy, and all of the territory of the Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria. The Macedonian dynasty was characterised by a cultural revival in spheres such as philosophy and the arts, and has been dubbed the "Golden Age" of Byzantium.

The cities of the empire expanded, and affluence spread across the provinces because of the newfound security. The population rose, and production increased, stimulating new demand for trade.

Culturally, there was considerable growth in education and learning (the "Macedonian Renaissance"). Ancient texts were preserved and recopied. Byzantine art flourished, and brilliant mosaics graced the interiors of the many new churches.

Golden age (metaphor)
A golden age is a period considered the peak in the history of a country or people, a time period when the greatest achievements were made. The term originated from early Greek and Roman poets, who used it to refer to a time when mankind lived in a better time and was pure (see Golden Age).

The ancient Greek poet Hesiod introduced the term in his Works and Days, when referring to the period when the "Golden Race" of man lived. This was part of fivefold division of Ages of Man, starting with the Golden age, then the Silver Age, the Bronze Age, the Age of Heroes (including the Trojan War), and finally, the current Iron Age. The concept was further refined by Ovid, in his Metamorphoses, into the four "metal ages" (golden, silver, bronze, and iron).
Balirajgarh
Balirajgarh is an archaeological site within Madhubani district of Bihar, India. The site is 1 square km and houses an ancient fortification dating back to c. 200 BCE during the period of the Shunga Empire. It is possible the site is pre-Mauryan in origin and the Cambridge University  archaeologist, Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti, believes Balirajgarh to be the site of Mithila, the capital of the Iron Age Videha tribe.

Madhubani district
Madhubani district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar, India, and is a part of Darbhanga division. Its administrative headquarters are located in Madhubani. The district has an area of 3,501 square kilometres (1,352 sq mi) and has a population of 4,487,379 (as of 2011).

Madhubani is the largest fish-producing district of Bihar in 2022.
Francisco José Ynduráin
Francisco José Ynduráin Muñoz (23 December 1940 – 6 June 2008) was a Spanish theoretical physicist. He founded the particle physics research group that became the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Autonomous University of Madrid, where he was a professor. He was described by his colleagues as "a scientist that always searched for excellence in research".

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Janusz Różycki
Janusz Różycki (born 10 May 1939) is a Polish fencer. He won a silver medal in the team foil event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

He is the son of Jerzy Różycki, one of the three Polish mathematicians who worked on Enigma decryption from December 1932 through at least the Phoney War (1940).

Jerzy Różycki
Jerzy Witold Różycki (pronounced [ˈjɛʒɨ ruˈʒɨt͡ski] ⓘ; 24 July 1909 – 9 January 1942) was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist who worked at breaking German Enigma-machine ciphers before and during World War II.
Alexey Brodovitch
Alexey Vyacheslavovich Brodovitch (also Brodovich; Belarusian: Аляксей Брадовіч, Russian: Алексе́й Вячесла́вович Бродо́вич; 1898 – April 15, 1971) was a Russian-American photographer of Belarussian descent, designer and instructor who is most famous for his art direction of fashion magazine Harper's Bazaar from 1934 to 1958.

Breakfast at Tiffany's (novella)
Breakfast at Tiffany's  is a novella by Truman Capote published in 1958. In it, a contemporary writer recalls his early days in New York City, when he makes the acquaintance of his remarkable neighbor, Holly Golightly. In 1961 it was adapted into a major motion picture of the same name.
Rockbridge Network
The Rockbridge Network is an American conservative political advocacy group founded by JD Vance and Chris Buskirk. The group has been backed by Silicon Valley investors and become known for its connections to investors in the tech industry, as well as to the second Donald Trump administration.

Chung Yong-jin
Chung Yong-jin (Korean: 정용진; born 19 September 1968) is a South Korean business executive who is the current chairperson of Shinsegae since March 2024.

He is among the richest people in South Korea. In April 2024, Forbes estimated his net worth as US$1.25 billion and ranked him 26th richest in the country. He is the grandson of National Assemblyman Chung Sang-hee and the grandson of Samsung Group Chairman Lee Byung-chul.
Bill Lubenow
William Cornelius Lubenow FRHistS (born in Chicago, Illinois in 1939) holds the chair of History at Stockton University, New Jersey. He serves as President of the North American Conference on British Studies, and Chairman of the American Associates Committee of Parliament History. Lubenow is also a member of the Reform Club. His many academic distinctions include: Visiting Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge and Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

Stockton University
Stockton University is a public university in Galloway Township, New Jersey, United States. It is a part of New Jersey's public system of higher education. It is named for Richard Stockton, one of the New Jersey signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Founded in 1969, Stockton enrolled its first class in 1971. Stockton is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The university has a second campus in Atlantic City.
Andy Chisick
Andrew Bernard Chisick (June 10, 1916 – March 13, 1986) was an American professional football center.

Chisick was born in 1916 at Sagamore, Pennsylvania. He grew up  in Newark, New Jersey, where he attended Good Counsel High School. He played college football for Villanova from 1937 to 1939. He was "a 60-minute player" at Villanova, playing on both offense and defense.

Chisick was selected by the Chicago Cardinals with the 51st pick in the 1940 NFL draft. He signed with the Cardinals in April 1940, and appeared in 22 NFL games for the club during the 1940 and 1941 seasons.

Chisick enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in February 1942 and participated in four major battles in the Solomon Islands campaign, including the Battle of Cape Gloucester.

Chisick was married to Christine Emma Munsey Chisick. He died at Humana Hospital Lake Cumberland in Kentucky in 1986 at age 69.

Our Lady of Good Counsel High School (New Jersey)
Our Lady of Good Counsel High School was a private, Roman Catholic high school in Newark, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Opened as a four-year high school in September 1925, the school closed in June 2006 due to declining enrollment and increasing financial deficits. A new school, Christ the King Preparatory School, opened on the site in September 2007. Christ the King, later known as Christo Rey Newark High School, closed in 2020.
Jim Pash
James Edward Pash (December 23, 1948 – April 29, 2005) was an American musician and recording artist. Pash was originally the surf saxophonist for The Surfaris, an early California surf rock group in the 1960s, known for the 1963 instrumental hit "Wipe Out". Later in life, Pash dedicated his time to his Harp of David project, a recreation of the original harp and song melodies used by King David of the Bible.

He died on April 29, 2005, in Yucca Valley, San Bernardino County, California, from congestive heart failure while awaiting a liver transplant. A United States Army veteran who served in the Vietnam War, Pash is buried at Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California.

Riverside National Cemetery
Riverside National Cemetery is a cemetery located in Riverside, California, dedicated to the interment of United States military personnel. The cemetery covers 921 acres (373 ha). It has been the most active cemetery in the system since 2000, based on the number of interments.
Berlin–Szczecin railway
The Berlin–Szczecin railway, also known in German as the Stettiner Bahn (Stettin Railway), is a mainline railway connecting the German capital of Berlin with the Polish port city of Szczecin. It is one of the oldest lines in Germany.

It was built by the Berlin-Stettin Railway Company under the Kingdom of Prussia in 1842 and 1843 and was the company's trunk line. The line was duplicated between Berlin and Angermünde in 1863 and between Angermünde and Szczecin in 1873.

The line is still used by regional trains on the Berlin–Angermünde route (some to or from Stralsund) and on the Angermünde–Szczecin route as well as the long-distance trains on the entire Berlin–Szczecin line. Between central Berlin and the suburban station of Bernau the line also has its own suburban tracks used by the Berlin S-Bahn. The line is also a major route for the transport of freight between Germany and Poland. Except for the section between Passow and Szczecin Gumieńce the entire route is electrified.

Angermünde
Angermünde (German pronunciation: [aŋɐˈmʏndə] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Uckermark in the state of Brandenburg, in north-eastern Germany. It is about 43 miles (69 km) northeast of Berlin, the capital of Germany.

The population is about 14,000, but has been declining since its traditional industrial base, enamel-working, has declined. An administrative sub-centre of its district, it has several Protestant churches, a former Franciscan church, a number of schools of higher learning and a recently refurbished historic marketplace with an old town hall. Located in the game-filled forests of the Uckermark, with its many lakes, it now relies heavily on tourism and the sources of revenue linked to it.

Since 2010, Angermünde is a federally declared resort town.
Churra
The Churra is an Iberian type, breed or group of breeds of sheep.: 920 : 280 : 107  The word churra simply means 'coarse-woolled'. The Churra originates in the Duero Valley in the autonomous community  of Castile and León in north-western Spain.: 920  In the province of Zamora the milk is used to make Zamorano cheese.: 132

Zamorano cheese
Zamorano (Spanish: Queso zamorano) is a sheep's milk cheese made in the province of Zamora, Spain. This is a hard cheese which is typically aged about 6 months. The cheeses are turned often and rubbed with olive oil, giving the cheese its characteristic dark color. This cheese owes its flavor character to the breed of sheep, the "small, scruffy" Churra and the Castilian sheep, predominant in the region, to the cold and humid climate conditions, and to its long aging in cellars.
1992 Wellington Central by-election
The 1992 Wellington Central by-election was a by-election held in the Wellington Central electorate during the 43rd New Zealand Parliament, on 12 December 1992. It was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Fran Wilde after her election as mayor of Wellington and was won by Chris Laidlaw with a majority of 855.

43rd New Zealand Parliament
The 43rd New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. Its composition was determined by the 1990 elections, and it sat until the 1993 elections.

The 43rd Parliament saw the beginning of the fourth National Party government, with the Labour Party failing to win a third term in office.  The 43rd Parliament was heavily dominated by National, which controlled nearly seventy percent of the seats. Only one minor party, Jim Anderton's NewLabour, was present at the beginning of the 43rd Parliament. Later, NewLabour would join with several unrepresented parties to form the Alliance, which would gain two additional seats when two National MPs defected. Another National MP, Winston Peters, would also break away from his party, becoming an independent.

The 43rd Parliament consisted of ninety-seven representatives, the same as the previous Parliament. All of these representatives were chosen by single-member geographical electorates, including four Māori electorates.
Van Veghten House
The Van Veghten House is a historic building in the Finderne section of Bridgewater Township, New Jersey. It was built around 1725 and served as the headquarters of Quartermaster General Nathanael Greene during the second Middlebrook encampment (1778–79) in the American Revolutionary War. The Somerset County Historical Society owns the house and uses it as its headquarters, including a museum and library. The early 18th-century Old York Road passed by here connecting Philadelphia to New York City. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1979 and noted as representing "one of the few remaining Raritan River mansions".

Old York Road
Old York Road, originally York Road, with reference to New York, is a roadway that was built during the 18th century to connect Philadelphia with New York City.

The road was built along the Raritan tribe's Naraticong Trail, also known as the Tuckaraming Trail.  A memorial plaque to the friendship of the Naraticong tribe, who permitted the road to be built over their trail, is located at the intersection of Old York Road and Canal in Raritan, New Jersey. The Swift Sure Stage Coach Line completed the journey between the two cities in two days.

A ferry left Elizabethtown Point for New York City, or passengers could continue onto Newark, New Jersey and ultimately Powles Hook Ferry in present day Exchange Place in Jersey City via Bergen Point Plank Road/Newark Plank Road.
Zygophyllaceae
Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera.

Plants in the family Zygophyllaceae may be trees, shrubs, or herbs. They are often found in dry habitats. The leaves are usually opposite, often with stipules and spines. Some are cultivated as ornamental plants, such as species of the Guaiacum, Zygophyllum, Tribulus, and Larrea genera. King Clone, a creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) in California, is among the world's oldest living organisms.

The distribution of plants in the Zygophyllaceae family can be found worldwide in warm tropics and cool-temperate subtropics with a concentration in hot, arid regions with alkaline soils. Regions with different species from this family include Africa, south Asia, India, Australia and parts of the United States.

Guaiacum
Guaiacum (/ˈɡwaɪ.ə.kəm/), sometimes spelled Guajacum, is a genus of flowering plants in the caltrop family Zygophyllaceae. It contains five species of slow-growing shrubs and trees, reaching a height of approximately 20 m (66 ft) but usually less than half of that. All are native to subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas and are commonly known as lignum-vitae, guayacán (Spanish), or gaïac (French). The genus name originated in Taíno, the language spoken by the native Taínos of the Bahamas; it was adopted into English in 1533, the first word in that language of American origin.

Members of the genus have a variety of uses, including as lumber, for medicinal purposes, and as ornamentals. The trade of all species of Guaiacum is controlled under CITES Appendix II.

Guaiacum officinale is the national flower of Jamaica, while Guaiacum sanctum is the national tree of the Bahamas.
Kerry Brown (musician)
Kerry Paul Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He also played drums for the Smashing Pumpkins on the song "Blew Away" and produced "Starla" and "Plume" for the album Pisces Iscariot during his marriage to Smashing Pumpkins bass player, D'arcy Wretzky.

P.S. I Love You (film)
P.S. I Love You is a 2007 romantic comedy film directed by Richard LaGravenese from a screenplay by LaGravenese and Steven Rogers. It is based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Cecelia Ahern. The film stars Hilary Swank, Gerard Butler, Lisa Kudrow, Gina Gershon, James Marsters, Harry Connick Jr., Jeffrey Dean Morgan, and Kathy Bates.

The film was released in the United States by Warner Bros. Pictures on December 21, 2007, and in the United Kingdom by Momentum Pictures on January 4, 2008. It received generally negative reviews from critics, with criticism being directed at Swank's casting and the writing. It was a box office success, grossing $156.8 million worldwide against a $30 million budget.
Master of IT in Business
The Master of IT in Business (MITB) is a master's degree emphasizing on the application of information technology to create business impact and value. The MITB degree originated in the early 21st century as the digital transformation of businesses took place leaving industries to compete with each other on their technological capacity and advancement. The MITB is typically a sandwich course of two distinct horizontals targeted at providing a holistic view and understanding of both technology and management alike. The MITB offers a more specialized and niche course selection for technology and business education aspirants alike. Students on completion of such degrees typically pursue careers in various verticals leveraging information technology.

Sandwich degree
A sandwich degree, or sandwich course, is an academic degree or higher education course (also known as tertiary education) involving practical work experience in addition to academic study. The work experience is often referred as an industrial placement or internship. Many universities offer sandwich degrees.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School (Texas)
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School is a public school in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas, Texas, United States, serving grades 9–12. The school opened in 1963, and is part of the Dallas Independent School District.

The school serves several South Dallas communities, including Cadillac Heights and some Oak Cliff neighborhoods.

Dallas Independent School District
The Dallas Independent School District (Dallas ISD or DISD) is a school district based in Dallas, Texas, United States. It operates schools in much of Dallas County and is the second-largest school district in Texas and the seventeenth-largest in the United States. During the 1990s, the district branded itself as Dallas Public Schools (DPS).

As of 2017, the school district was rated "as having met the standard" by the Texas Education Agency.