hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kunchi, Nigeria
KunchiListenⓘ  is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kunchi. Now officially known as Ghari local government.

It has an area of 671 km2 and a population of 111,018 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 703.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
The Orchestra Conductor
The Orchestra Conductor (Polish: Dyrygent, and also known as The Conductor) is a 1980 Polish drama film directed by Andrzej Wajda. It was entered into the 30th Berlin International Film Festival, where Andrzej Seweryn won the Silver Bear for Best Actor. It was also shown at the 1980 New York Film Festival.

Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Witold Wajda (Polish: [ˈandʐɛj ˈvajda]; 6 March 1926 – 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director. Recipient of an Honorary Oscar, the Palme d'Or, as well as Honorary Golden Lion and Honorary Golden Bear Awards, he was a prominent member of the "Polish Film School". He was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of A Generation (1955), Kanał (1957) and Ashes and Diamonds (1958).

He is considered one of the world's most renowned filmmakers, whose works chronicled his native country's political and social evolution and dealt with the myths of Polish national identity offering insightful analyses of the universal element of the Polish experience – the struggle to maintain dignity under the most trying circumstances.

Four of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: The Promised Land (1975), The Maids of Wilko (1979), Man of Iron (1981) and Katyń (2007).
Alois Kottmann Award
The Alois Kottmann Award is an international prize for "classical, cantando violin playing". It honours outstanding international violinists. The competition takes place annually in May and/or June during International Days of Music Hesse Main-Taunus Hofheim in Hofheim am Taunus, Hesse, Germany. After the competition, the award is presented on a separate date through the Lord Mayor of the city of Frankfurt am Main in the Limpurg Hall of the historic city hall Römer.

Hofheim, Hesse
Hofheim am Taunus (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːfhaɪm ʔam ˈtaʊnʊs], lit. 'Hofheim on the Taunus'), commonly known as Hofheim, is the administrative centre of Main-Taunus-Kreis district, in the south of the German state of Hesse. Its population in September 2020 was 39,946.
Lotus 33
The Lotus 33 was a Formula One car designed by Colin Chapman and Len Terry and built by Team Lotus.  A development of the successful Lotus 25, in the hands of Jim Clark it won five World Championship Grands Prix in 1965, taking Clark to his second World Championship.

Len Terry
Leonard E. Terry (11 February 1924 – 25 August 2014) was an English racing car designer and engineer, known for his work with Lotus, BRM and Eagle. He also designed chassis for many other teams, including ERA and Aston Martin and produced his own car in which he competed.
Philip Kraus
Philip Kraus (born November 17, 1950) is an American operatic baritone and stage director known for his performances with the Lyric Opera of Chicago, starting in 1991, and for his co-founding of Light Opera Works, a professional light opera company in Chicago, in 1980.

The Chocolate Soldier
The Chocolate Soldier (German: Der tapfere Soldat [The courageous soldier] or Der Praliné-Soldat) is an operetta composed in 1908 by Oscar Straus based on George Bernard Shaw's 1894 play, Arms and the Man. The German language libretto is by Rudolf Bernauer and Leopold Jacobson. It premiered on 14 November 1908 at the Theater an der Wien.

English-language versions were successful on Broadway and in London, beginning in 1909. The first film adaptation was in 1915. The 1941 film of the same name enlists much of Straus's music but is otherwise unrelated, using a plot based on Ferenc Molnár's play The Guardsman.
Virginia State Route 8
State Route 8 (SR 8) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 55.88 miles (89.93 km) from the North Carolina state line near Palmetto, where the highway continues south as North Carolina Highway 8 (NC 8), north to U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in Christiansburg. SR 8 is part of a 151-mile (243 km) two-state highway 8 system and is the main north–south highway of Patrick County, Floyd County, and southern Montgomery County, connecting their respective county seats of Stuart, Floyd, and Christiansburg with each other and with the Blue Ridge Parkway. The state highway also links the New River Valley region of Virginia with Southside Virginia via US 58 and the Piedmont Triad of North Carolina via NC 8.

North Carolina Highway 8
North Carolina Highway 8 (NC 8) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The route connects the cities of Lexington and Winston-Salem to various recreational and natural sites including Uwharrie National Forest, High Rock Lake and Hanging Rock State Park.
Ames, Oklahoma
Ames is a town in southeastern Major County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 193 at the 2020 census, down from 239 in 2010.

Ames is best known for being located within the boundary of a geological structure that is called the Ames crater or the Ames Astrobleme. The Ames Astrobleme Museum is located in the town.

Ames crater
Ames crater is a meteorite crater (astrobleme) in Major County, Oklahoma, United States. Ames, Oklahoma is near the center of the structure, which is 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Enid, Oklahoma.  Buried under a thick layer of sediment, it was not discovered until 1991. Subsequent drilling within the crater found a large amount of oil and gas. It is one of the largest of six  meteor craters associated with oil-producing formations in the United States.
Siam Rath
Siam Rath (Thai: สยามรัฐ, RTGS: Sayam Rat, pronounced [sā.jǎːm rát]; lit.: 'Siamese State') was a Thai newspaper printed from 1950 to 2025, and since then operating as a news website.

The paper was founded on 25 June 1950, and was one of the most politically influential newspapers during the latter half of the twentieth century. It was closely associated with former prime minister Kukrit Pramoj, who was the newspaper's co-founder and, for various periods, its owner, director, editor, and columnist. The newspaper positioned itself as a "quality" paper, like the more widely circulated Matichon. Following Kukrit's death in 1995, the paper was sold to Chatchawal Kong-udom. At the time of its closure in 2025, it was the oldest and longest continuously published Thai-language daily newspaper.

Siam Rath Daily published its last issue on August 29, 2025, while its sister publication, Siam Rath Weekly had published its last issue on August 30, 2025.

Kukrit Pramoj
Mom Rajawongse Kukrit Pramoj (Thai: คึกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช, RTGS: Khuek-rit Pramot, pronounced [kʰɯ́k.rít prāː.môːt]; 20 April 1911 – 9 October 1995) was a Thai politician, author, scholar and professor. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Thailand between 1973 and 1974. He was the thirteenth Prime Minister of Thailand, serving in office from 1975 to 1976 between his brother Seni Pramoj's terms. Being the great-grandson of King Rama II, he was a member of the Thai royal family.
He also portrayed the Prime Minister of the fictional country of Sarkhan in the 1963 motion picture The Ugly American with Marlon Brando.
Becquerel
The becquerel (/ˌbɛkəˈrɛl/ ⓘ; symbol: Bq) is the unit of radioactivity in the International System of Units (SI). One becquerel is defined as an activity of one per second, on average, for aperiodic activity events referred to a radionuclide. For applications relating to human health this is a small quantity, and SI multiples of the unit are commonly used.

The becquerel is named after Henri Becquerel, who shared a Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre and Marie  Curie in 1903 for their work in discovering radioactivity.

Second
The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day, first into hours, then into minutes, and lastly into seconds, for a total of 24 × 60 × 60 = 86,400 seconds per day. The definition that is based on 1⁄86400 of a rotation of the earth is still used by the Universal Time 1 (UT1) system.

The current and formal definition in the International System of Units (SI) is more precise:

The second [...] is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, ΔνCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.

This current definition was adopted in 1967 when it became feasible to define the second based on fundamental properties of nature with caesium clocks. As the speed of Earth's rotation varies and is slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added at irregular intervals to civil time to keep clocks in sync with Earth's rotation.
Helen Cox High School
Helen Cox High School was a high school located in Harvey, in unincorporated area Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States.

It served portions of several communities, including Harvey, Gretna, Timberlane, and Woodmere.

The school was a part of the Jefferson Parish Public Schools system. The school primarily served the Harvey and Gretna areas of Jefferson Parish. The school's mascot was "Charlie" the Cougar (Felis concolor), and the school colors were scarlet (red) and (vegas) gold.

Woodmere, Louisiana
Woodmere is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 12,080 at the 2010 census, and 11,238 at the 2020 census. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area.
Liudolf of Lotharingia
Liudolf of Lotharingia, also Ludolf (c. 1000 – 10 April 1031), was Count of Zutphen and Waldenburg.

He was born in Saxony about 1000, the eldest son of Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia and Matilde of Germany, daughter of the Emperor Otto II and Theophanu. Besides being Count of Zutphen and Waldenburg, Liudolf was military commander of the army of the Archbishop of Cologne, and protector (Vogt) of the abbeys of Brauweiler, Münster and Borghorst.

He died on 10 April 1031, and was buried with his parents in Brauweiler Abbey.

Liudolf married Matilda of Zutphen, by whom he had issue:

Heinrich, d. 1031;

Conrad I (also called Kuno or Cuno), Count of Zutphen and Duke of Bavaria (died in 1055, buried in Cologne);

Adelheid (born in Zutphen, Gelderland, about 1030), heiress of her brothers to Zutphen, Waldenburg, etc. She married Godeschalk, Count of Zutphen in right of his wife (b. ca. 1030, died 1063/4), mother of Otto II, Count of Zutphen.

Brauweiler Abbey
Brauweiler Abbey (German: Abtei Brauweiler) is a former Benedictine monastery located at Brauweiler, now in Pulheim near Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, in Germany. It is now used as a regional cultural center.
Jo Anderton
Jo Anderton is an Australian author of fantasy, horror, and other forms of speculative fiction. She has been a finalist for, and recipient of, multiple literary awards recognizing her work.

By day, Anderton works as a marketing coordinator for an Australian book distributor. In her spare time, she writes dark fantasy, science fiction, and horror.

In 2011, she published her first book in the Veiled Worlds trilogy, Debris. Her second book in the trilogy, Suited, appeared in 2012. The third book, Guardian, was published by FableCroft Publishing in 2014.

In 2013, Anderton published her first short story collection, Bone Chime Song and other stories (FableCroft Publishing). The collection received critical acclaim, winning both the Aurealis Award and the Australian Shadows Award for Best Collection. It was also shortlisted for the Ditmar Award Best Collected Work.

Ditmar Award results
The Ditmar Award is Australia's oldest science fiction, fantasy and horror award, presented annually since 1969, usually at the Australian "Natcon". The historical nominations and results (listed in boldface) of the Award follow.
Jack Strong (film)
Jack Strong is a 2014 Polish political thriller film directed by Władysław Pasikowski, starring Marcin Dorociński, Maja Ostaszewska, Dagmara Dominczyk and Patrick Wilson. The film is based on the true story of Ryszard Kukliński, a Polish People's Army colonel who spied for the American Central Intelligence Agency during the height of the Cold War.

Dagmara Domińczyk
Dagmara Domińczyk (/doʊˈmiːntʃɪk/ doh-MEEN-chick, Polish: [daɡˈmara dɔˈmij̃t͡ʂɨk]; born 17 July 1976) is a Polish actress. She has appeared in the films Rock Star (2001), The Count of Monte Cristo (2002), Kinsey (2004), Trust the Man (2005), Lonely Hearts (2006), Running with Scissors (2006), Higher Ground (2011), The Letter (2012), The Immigrant (2013), Big Stone Gap (2014), A Woman, a Part (2016), The Assistant (2019), The Lost Daughter (2021), Bottoms (2023), and Priscilla (2023). Domińczyk also had a main role in the HBO comedy-drama television series Succession (2018–2023).

In 2013, she released her novel The Lullaby of Polish Girls.
Masham
Masham (/ˈmæsəm/ MASS-əm) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 1,205 at the 2011 census.

The town is located 34 miles (55 km) northwest of York and was in the former Harrogate district. It is situated in the lower Wensleydale, on the western bank of the River Ure, just north of its confluence with the River Burn.

River Burn, North Yorkshire
The River Burn is a river that flows wholly within North Yorkshire, England. The river starts as several small streams on Masham Moor and drains Colsterdale flowing eastwards before emptying into the River Ure just south of Masham. Conservation work on removing a weir, and introducing fish to the river in 2016,  has meant that salmon have been recorded spawning in the river for the first time in over 100 years.

Whilst the River Burn valley is not in Nidderdale, almost all of it is included in the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Iron law of processor performance
In computer architecture, the iron law of processor performance (or simply iron law of performance) describes the performance trade-off between complexity and the number of primitive instructions that processors use to perform calculations.  This formulation of the trade-off spurred the development of Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC) whose instruction set architectures (ISAs) leverage a smaller set of core instructions to improve performance.  The term was coined by Douglas Clark based on research performed by Clark and Joel Emer in the 1980s.

Joel Emer
Joel S. Emer (born March 2, 1954) is a pioneer in computer performance analysis techniques and a microprocessor architect. He is currently a researcher at Nvidia, and a Professor of the Practice at MIT, and was formerly an Intel Fellow. He was the 2009 recipient of the Eckert–Mauchly Award.
Johnny Wilson (American football, born 1915)
John S. "Long John" Wilson (November 2, 1915 – August 24, 2002) was an American football player.

Wilson, born in Dover, Ohio, played high school football for the Steubenville Big Red where we earned All-Ohio status.  He then played his college football for the Western Reserve Red Cats, present-day Case Western Reserve University, from 1935 – 1938 where he greatly contributed to a number of undefeated teams under Coach Bill Edwards.  His combined  collegiate record was 36-2-1.

Wilson played four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cleveland Rams from 1939 – 1942.

Dover, Ohio
Dover is a city in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, United States, along the Tuscarawas River. The population was 13,112 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city of the New Philadelphia–Dover micropolitan area, approximately 68 miles (109 km) south of Cleveland and borders the city of New Philadelphia.
Pseudomonas exotoxin
The Pseudomonas exotoxin (or exotoxin A) is an exotoxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vibrio cholerae produces a similar protein called the Cholix toxin (Q5EK40).

It inhibits elongation factor-2. It does so by ADP-ribosylation of EF2 using NAD+. This then causes the elongation of polypeptides to cease. This mechanism is similar to that of diphtheria toxin.

It has been investigated as a treatment for hepatitis B and cancer.

ADP-ribosylation
ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more ADP-ribose moieties to a protein. It is a reversible post-translational modification that is involved in many cellular processes, including cell signaling, DNA repair, gene regulation and apoptosis.
Improper ADP-ribosylation has been implicated in some forms of cancer. It is also the basis for the toxicity of bacterial compounds such as cholera toxin, diphtheria toxin, and others.
Japan National Route 347
National Route 347 is a national highway of Japan connecting Sagae, Yamagata and Ōsaki, Miyagi in Japan, with a total length of 90.1 km (55.99 mi).

A segment of Route 347 between Obanazawa, Yamagata and Kami, Miyagi is closed in winter.

Kami, Miyagi
Kami (加美町, Kami-machi) is a town located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2020,  the town had an estimated population of 22,804 and a population density of 50 persons per km2 in 8119 households. The total area of the town is 460.67 square kilometres (177.87 sq mi). .
Piñata (film)
Piñata is a 2005 Australian animated short film, produced by Act3animation in Australia, released in 2005. It received funding from the Australian Film Commission. It has screened at various festivals around the world, including the Annecy International Animation Festival and SIGGRAPH, both in 2005, and for the first time in Australia on free-to-air television in February 2007 on ABC2's short film series Short & Curly.

Act3animation
Act3animation, or Act3 for short, is an Australian CGI company, specialising in character animation, based in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1992 by current creative director, Mike Hollands, Act3 has produced various TVCs, FMVs and short films.
Constructor University
53°10′N 8°39′E﻿ / ﻿53.167°N 8.650°E﻿ / 53.167; 8.650

Constructor University, formerly Jacobs University Bremen, is an international, private, residential research university located in Vegesack, Bremen, Germany. It offers study programs in engineering, humanities, natural and social sciences, in which students can acquire bachelor's, master's or doctorate degrees.

Most of the instruction at the university is in English. Constructor University's students come from more than 110 countries, with about 80% foreign students and approximately 33% international faculty members.

Constructor Institute
Constructor Institute of Technology, formerly known as Constructor Institute and Schaffhausen Institute of Technology (SIT), was a private non-profit institute in Switzerland founded in 2019 by tech entrepreneur and investor Serg Bell. 
The Institute was a part of Constructor Group, comprising education services, technology, and a venture capital fund. The Group was inspired by Constructor Theory, a proposal for a new mode of explanation in fundamental physics in the language of ergodic theory.

In 2025 the institute announced that it would be ceasing operations in 2026 and devoting its efforts instead to Constructor University in Bremen, Germany.
Elliott Denman
Elliott Denman (born January 23, 1934) is an American racewalker. He competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

At the 1961 Maccabiah Games in Israel, he won the 3,000 m racewalk.

1961 Maccabiah Games
The 6th Maccabiah Games were held in Tel Aviv, Israel in 1961, with 1,100 athletes from 27 countries competing in 18 sports. The Games were officially opened in an Opening Ceremony on August 29, 1961, in Ramat Gan Stadium by Israeli president Yitzhak Ben-Zvi before a crowd of 30,000. The closing ceremony took place on September 5, 1961, at the stadium before a crowd of 40,000, with Israeli prime minister David Ben Gurion telling the crowd that he hoped that in the future athletes from North Africa, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union would also compete. The United States won 58 gold medals, Israel won 28 gold medals, and South Africa was third with 11 gold medals. American sportscaster Mel Allen narrated a film about the 1961 Games.
Gordon Canfield
James Gordon Canfield (April 15, 1898, in Salamanca, New York – June 20, 1972, in Hawthorne, New Jersey) was an American lawyer and politician. Canfield, a Republican, was first a secretary under the United States representative for New Jersey's 8th District, George N. Seger, but he later succeeded Seger and represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives for twenty years, lasting from 1941 until 1961. Canfield is most remembered as the "Father of the United States Coast Guard Reserve", as he spearheaded the effort to pass the legislation that funded the reserve in 1950.

Salamanca, New York
Salamanca (Seneca: Onë'dagö:h) is a city in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States, inside the Allegany Indian Reservation, one of two governed by the Seneca Nation of New York. The population was 5,929 at the 2020 census. It was named after José de Salamanca, a Spanish nobleman and cabinet minister of the mid-19th century. Salamanca invested in railroads around the globe, including the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad in New York State, Pennsylvania, and Ohio.
John Ball (golfer)
John Ball Jr (24 December 1861 – 2 December 1940) was an English amateur golfer of the late 19th and early 20th century. He was the first player from outside Scotland to win a major golf championship, winning the 1890 Open Championship.

Royal Liverpool Golf Club
The Royal Liverpool Golf Club is a golf club in Wirral in Merseyside, England. It was founded in 1869 on what was then the racecourse of the Liverpool Hunt Club. It received the "Royal" designation in 1871 due to the patronage of Prince Arthur the Duke of Connaught, one of Queen Victoria's younger sons. Robert Chambers and George Morris (younger brother of Old Tom Morris) were commissioned to lay out the original course, which was extended to 18 holes in 1871. Harry Colt, one of the world's leading golf course architects, redesigned the course early in the 20th century, and it has since been tweaked periodically, mainly as a response to advances in equipment.

The Open Championship has been played 13 times at Royal Liverpool Golf Club, most recently in 2023.
Karagwe District
Karagwe is one of the eight districts of the Kagera Region of Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by Uganda, to the east by the Bukoba Rural District, to the southeast by the Muleba District, to the south by the Ngara District and to the west by Republic of  Rwanda, from which it is separated by the River Kagera. Small lakes such as the Ikimba, Burigi, Rushwa, and Rwakajunju provide fishing opportunities for residents of the Karagwe District. The district covers and area of 5,134 square kilometres (1,982 sq mi).

Lake Burigi
Lake Burigi (originally Lueor-lo-Urigi, meaning "White Lake of Urigi") is an endorheic lake in the Karagwe district, Kagera Region of Tanzania.  Parts of the lake and its shore are situated within the Burigi-Chato National Park.